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HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

CONTAINING

sss^'a'Se ®sin©nsjA]L Awm ^jianig^niSa

RELATINGj TO

AGRICULTURE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY,

PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE..

BY ALLEN PUTNAM.

VOL. XX. NEW SERIES VOL. X

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK AND COMPANY, N03. 51 AND 52 NORTH MARKET STREET

1842.

INDEX

TO THE TWENTIETH VOLUME OF THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

Adams, A. F., statement, 258.

Addresses, Sleeper's, 190, 194— WajlanJ'a, 21 S— A.
Gray'e 'J7G.

Agriculturul Commissioner, report of, S'ili, 234.

Address, J. II. Turner's 25— Morton's, l'J3.

Agricola upon Eusebius, 177.

Agriculture, economy of, 4!) — Impiovemenl in, 54,— let-
ter upon, by Eusebius, 153 — A study, 158 — Manufac-
tures and Commerce, 18'.^.

Agricultural mceiings at State Mouse, Muck, 222 — Olli-
rers— what to be done, 230 — Potato, 238 — j'ruit Trees,
24G— Silk, 254— Sheep husbandry, 262— Dairy, 270—
Manures, 278.

Agricultural papers, advantages from, 257, 205.

Agricultural Societies, Royal English, meeting of, 58 —
New York Conimittcci and premiums, 81 — National,
y0,20;), 214— Object of, 115— Kennebeck, 140— Sub-
scription to, 316, 387 — Annual Meeting, 3'J4.

Agricultural Statistics of Mass., 189— Of U. States, 231.

Agricultural Society of Mass., report on Orchards, 304 —
Crops, 23G— Farms, 258— Premiums for 1842, 273.

Agricultural Termometer, 308.

■Mr Springs, 134.

Age of Animals, 224.

Alcott, Wm. A., on danger from cold water, C — Sup-

/)nr5, 25, 45.
len Morrill, 253, 300.

Alegory, 304.

Almanac, Western, !I7— Farmer's, 140- Boston, 214,
230.

American Institute, circular of, 4 — Swine breeder, 22C.

Ammonia, Carbon and Sulphur, 345.

Anecdotes, a pair of, 24 — Of a dog, 216 — Of a grey
Squirrel, 416 — Dem's 'am, 41G — Matrimonial, 416.

Animals, age of, 224 — best to fatten, 267.

Apples, how shall they be used.' 62— gathered and pre-
served, 109, 110— For Stock, 242— Catalogue of 3'i2.

Apple tree borer, 260.

Apprentices, 218.

Ashes with bones, 233,298.

Ash, white, 249.

Asparagus, 354,402.

Assistance to Editors, 188

Ayrshires, 179, 225— for New England, 313.

B.

Barley worm, 38 — time to sow, 251, 393.

Barnum's poiatoe crop, 235.

Barn yard, form ol, 130.

Bee, breeding in the West, 33

Hcecher, on domestic economy, 206 — extracts, 219.

Bees, profitable, 13, Gli — earliest food for, 297.

Beeta, for cattle, 147— Heavy, 170.

Bells, 392.

Bement, C. M., notes, 252.

Berkshires, 220, 245.

Birds, and their nests, 07— spare lbi;m, 318, 341, 347,

353, 350, 366.
Blast from the " P. D," his Wellerisms, 8.
Blight, on Wheat causod by grass, 10.
Bloody Murrain, 85.
Boiler, sleani, 229.
Blossom buds perishing, 125.
Bob Link, 48.
lione Manur<>, 97— mistake, 142, H.-', 189, 190- With

ashes, 233, 317— shipped, 318.
Itoiieology, 202

Uook-Farming, Sugar plum, 102 — of llic Kuriii, 370.
Boot black and President, 264.
Beaton Miscellany, 1.57— Notions, 288.
Bots, remedy for, 181.
Bramble, how destroyed, 36.
Bran, a manure, 43.
Branches, fiuiilul by ringing, 11.
Breeding, in and in, 219.
Brewer's grains as manure, 27. *

Brickel, A , on Ayrshires, 313.
Briglmni, Otis, hay cutting, 30C.
Hriiish tanning, by J. A. J., 42.

Ruck-wheat, when to be sown, 3.
Biicktiiorn hedge, 46.
Hug, squash, black, 22— Striped, 398,406.
Bushes, time to cut, 90, 174
Bussey, Benj., his will, 254, 262.

Butter, preservation of, when for e-xport, 29 — an in-
quiry, 206— Winter 31b, 324, 358— making, 361, -.UC.
Button wood, disease, 3il8, 400.

Cabbages, for swine, 243.

Calves among Sheep, 205, — Scours, 323 — Kearinj', 325,
347

Canada thistle, 397.

Canker worms, A. W. Dodge, 23 — Troughs, Newhall's
38 — Destroyed by quicksilver, 82 — offensive smells,
358, 377.

Card, by H. Colman, 194;

Carrot crop, 203— for cattle, 323— soil for, 342.

Cash book, 204.

Caterpillars on Elms, 401 — Grnpe vines, 401.

Cattle on Rail Roads, 1 17.

Cattle shows, proper articles for exhibition at them, 86 —
Esse.v County, 110— Worcester County, 126,134-
Report on swine, 11} — Rhode Island, 321 — Bridge-
water, 18^2, 337.

Cellars, keepini; stock in, 406.

Cement for glass, 43— for China, 43— Floors, 245,—
Algiers, 390.

Chamberlain, Samui.-l, on h.iv cutting, 339.

Change, 118

Charco.il on wheat, 381.

Cheerfulness, 64.

Cheese-making, 13.

Chemistry, 390.

Cliprry leaves poisonous, 83.

Children, management of, 64 — health of, 158.

Clarke, Win. Jr., on renovation of soils, 329.

Clays, burning ol", 100 — Melioration of, 117

Clover, sowing, 204 — new species of, 289.

Coal, Anthracite, in Stoves, 195.

Colman, II. his card, 194.

Common schools, 142.

Composis, 8.5 — with muck, 302 — Recipei; for, 317 — mak-
ing, 413.

Contented Farmer, 20.

Cooking Corn and Meal, 402.

Corn Huskers, would spoil negro sport, 3

Corn laws, 22^Corn worm Palnia, 35 — Topping stalks,
70 — Cutting at the root, 70 — Planting an experiment,
116— Oil, i:l7— Louisiana, 137— Stalks, crop of, 148,
— Culling up, 103 — Yield of, 165— From old seed,
170— Yield and culture, 173— Stcoking, 166— Corn
root, 220, 261—- Without hilling, 225 — Experiments,
235— Yield, 23()— Culture of, 268— Hiehgate. 270—
Crop in Barre, 318— For fodder, 3'24— Planting, 333,
334— Seed, S-'iO- BroadcasI, 354— Soaking for food,
3.55— Manuring in hill, 358, 3ri9— Large yield, '397—
and wheat, 401 - Cultivation, 402.

Cows, removal of iecundine, 5.

Cow " Blossom, "21 — For the dairy, 65 — "Blossom," 100
-Her home, 118, 173— Cow yard, 130— The Cow,
138— Working, 245,— Mammoth, 350— Kicking, 371.

Cranherrn-s, .323.

Cream, process of eMrnctii g. 189 — Increase, 220.

Creaiupot slock, 190- Sale of, 198, 225.

('rime, contagiousnci.8 of, ^20.

Crops, 14— In England, 22, 38, 51, 00, 78, 90— Rotalion
ol, 101— ill 1841, 158— care of, 382— prospect of, 398.

Cnmp, 203.

Crown, protection agaiiidt, 316, 361.

Cultivation, 19, 396.

Curciilio, does it ily ? 59, 397.

Cutting Ilay— no guessing, 3Q{i,, 339.

D.
Daily Jiilin, on Slabbcrinj in Horses, 3.
Dairy, 2711, 299 ; in Middlesex county, 412.
Dana, S. L , Muck Manual, ,994, 310.
Daughters of Farnieis, by Annolle, 42.

Debt, getting into, 403.

Deal and Dumb, 80.

Degeneracy, physical, 354.

Diarrhoea, 48.

Discovery in Agriculture, 139.

Disease desperate. Remedy desperate, 24.

Dodjie, A. W.,on Canker Worm, 28— Oichards, 140,350.

Dedge, Francis, statement, 2'37.

Dog, sign ol a good one, 24 — Anecdote of, 210.

Dow, Jr., on Idleness, 8.

Drains, 73.

Draining, by Buel, 41— Wet Meadows, 78.

Durham Stock, are J. Welles' pure .' 114.

Duties, protective, 374.

Dysentary, caused by unripe fruil, C7.

E.
Economy, in family, 09— Domestic, 99, 219, 220, 288,

299.
Education, 128.

Eggs, preserving, 69 — pickled 77 — market 218.
Election of Slate Officers, 134.
Elm, Caterpillars on, 401.
Eliot, J., Field Husbandry, .Meadow lands, 69— poor

Lands, 161.
Elm, Slippery, powder of, 219.
England, distress in, 232.
Errors, popular, 19.
Es.sex Agricultural Society's premiums at Exhibition of

1841, 1 — Transactions, 297 — premiums on Crops, 307.
Eusebius's Letter, 1.53 — Reply to, 154.
Evelyn, gap in the Wall, 9.
Every man his price, 176.
Exercise, 91.

Exhaustion uf Soil calls for Rotation, 11.
Extract, beautiful, 104.

Fable, Chickens, Cocks, and Hens, 242.

Facts, Philosophical, 16.

Fair, Mechanics, 69, 80.

Farm, productive, 2'27, 245, 251— work, 286.

Farming, village, 333.

Farmer, poor signs of, 51 — turned, Eusebjua, 153 —

prospects, 3.'>3 — in distress, 373 — poor, richer, 375.
Farmers, large and small, 06 — respectability, 179 —

.Meeting at State House, 214— must Toi'l, 227—

calling, 346 — in distress, 410.
Farming, without Rum, 75— Western, 118 — profits of,

237,363-Ornamcntal, 286.
Fashions, 136, 216
Fattening Aniinals. 147.
Field Ilusbandrv, J. Elliot, 89.
Fencing at the West, 148, '286, 326— Sod, 382.
Film in Eyes, 195.
Fireplaces, smoky, 83.
Fish, salt, as Manure, 33.
Floors, cement for, 245.
Flowers, 323.
Foal, casting, 186, 220,
Forest Trees, iffcri of cropping, 253 — their benefits 257

—Cultivation of, 289.
Foul Meadow Grass. 123.
Four leggcc' Chicken, 80.
Franklin's Toast, 200.
French, B. V., his farm, 52.
Frogs, their journey, 376. •

Frost, late, 374.

Fruil Trees, 322 — Diseases of, 346.
Fuel. 286.

G.
Galvanic Plant I'roleclor, 5.
Gardens, manure lor, 347.
Garlic, 4.

Gap in the Wall, 9

Garretson's Advertisement, 310, and Prince, 336.
Gales, good, 266.
I Geese, 34 L
I Giant, 130.
I Glanders, remedy for, 68.

1 N E K X

111

! .TClory Mniiuic, 'i.>\.
■ rri.'S. VKHV- Mildi-w, 323,071.
... ii_\V,.l. iii», 181-new imKin 333— wax, 312.
», 301, 3IS — soiiking :UJ<") — pru«orv-

: I.

Catcrpillait on, 401.

ch, 1117.
'. eiiu-nt of, by Hurl, 41 — SoeOing on

oeding, 77 — foul Moadow, 123 —

3 — Sfeding, 380.

r. Sowing 111 Knglanil, 212
v«m_i , .violi/..!, .AildrCT'C, 27li.

Grupn cnips, wends mid bu.ilie?, J. U., 45, 395, 406.
Guariu, 310.

Gum, in Ollorrv and Plum Trocs, 3^1.
Oyp«um, 205.'

H.

Hail Slorm in Kssei Cminiy, f> -KffecH of, 70.

Hav, Vi'gi'lalilps, and Corn, comparative value of, 170.

Hn'v makiiis, 14.

Ilniris, T. W., Squash Vino Desitciyor, and Apple Tree
Borer, '.'Co.

Henri, ils slriirlure, 8S.

Hedges, W— Hucklliorn, 125.

Hemlock and I'ine for Sheep, 300.

Hrlp 10 Editor, l(iti— has come, 183.

Henhouses, 101.

Hens, 177, 195— Winter, 223, 2211, 230, 249— diseases,
341,303 — Guinea, protects, 36!.

Hessian Fly, by C. C. Herrick, 17— J. Mines, 17 ; Har-
ris, 409.

Hints for the month 99, 115, IGG— t.) working classes,
13t", 211.

Hired Men, advice to, 6.

Hill, Gov, Oat Crop, 83.

Hill, Leonard, statement, 237.

Hoeing and Weeding, 22, 395.

Hogs, medium sized be3i,'J. Mahard, Jr., 51 — fattening,
90— Col. Adams', 24G— Jenkins', 246, 250— large,
218— Berkshire, 226— fattening, 228— pot liquor for,
229.

Honor, tiue, 184.

Hool Ail, 68.

Horn Shavings, 141— Oil, 187.

Hou>e of Industry at South Boston, 46.

HoriicuUura! Siicniiy, see Massachusetts Horlicultural.

Hoises, slabbering in, 3,28.

Horse trading, 40 — -How Icirn ages of, 59 — Glanders in,
r,8_Sag;icity of, 88, 130— Harness, lOH— versus Oxen,
133 — taming of and iiaining, I'dS — disease of, 211 —
method of working four, 241 — Stabling for, 277 — in
cellars, 406.

Horse Rake, for collecting leaves, 69 — by one who has
used it, 414.

Hospitals for the In'anp, IC8.

Hours of Work, 326.

Houses for Tools, 115.

Hybrids, 180.

Hiiniiiig in Vermont, 216.

I.

I can't afford it, 198.

Ice-Houscs, 68 — Construction of, 74 — .Artificial, 2"24.

Ice Crop, 280.

Idleness, patent Sermon, S, 75.

Inch Augur, 96.

Industrious Habits and Men, 49.

Industry, 178.

Insane, Hospitals fur, 168.

Insects, destructive, 369 — in Barley, '393.

Insiiuct, Spider's, 1"20.

Inventions, aversion to, 221.

Irrigation, 76.

Isles of Shoals, 248— Dana, 340.

J.

Jaqaes, Col., catalogue of Stock, 196.
J. A. J ,on British Farming, 42.

Kidney Worms, 51.

L.
Lacing Tight, 2.53.
Lactaries, London, 197.
Labor, duty to, .%— Statistics of, 117.
Leallier, new method ofTanning, 66— Chips as mandrc,

286— by M. A ,300.
Ley, salt, 62.
Lice on Plants, 385.
Liebig's Agricultural Chemistry, 350.

I Life beyond the Grave, 16.
: Light, imporlnnt to Vegeintion, 349.
I Lightning Sluuk, reiiieily for, 24.
I Lime, 99, 1-26, 3H.'.

Liquid manure, for Turnips, 21.

Live Fences, by Dr. Sliurtletf, 92.

I.ucorno, 156, 195.

.M.

Mangel Wurtzol, 305.

Manure*, naiuru and application, Miirinn, 12 — Brewer's
grains. '27 — .iction of, 29 — Salt Fish, 33 — ilruii, 4:1 —
Ashes, 46 — StindinB dish, 94 — Bone, 97— Piiinaee 100
Farm Yard, 1-29, "169, 130— Sea Sand, 130— Horn
Shavings, 141— Save, 146— Urino, l(i3— Kock and
Sen Weed, 164, lO.'i— Woollen Rbes, 169, 317— on
surface, IS'" — Sand, Glass Factory, 251 — Comparison
of, 260, 2(;.8, 278— Leather Cliips, '286, 300— A-hcs,
298— Mixed earths. Creek mud. Tanner's bark, 306
—Clover and Buck Wheal, 306— Soot, 316— Guano,
316— Bones and Soot, 317— Urine, 317— Salt, 3'2'2—
for Gardens, 347— Saltpetre, 363— Salt, .364 ; Plaster,
388 ; Green, 31i5. '

Massachusetts Horlicultural Society, Premiums ofl'ercil,
10; on Flowers, 20 ; to have Exhibition, 54 ; Annual
Exhibition, 102, 105, 121; llepon -on flowers, 275;
Letter to, from Toiigard, .355 ; Exhibition of (lowers,
411, 414; Exhibilioii oi fruits, 414; Exhibition of
vegetables, 414 ; Report of Committee on flowers,
4lo.

Massachusetts Society for Promotion of Agriculture,
Report on Orchards, 204 ; Crops, 2'36 ; on Farms, 258 ;
Premiums, 1842, 273.

Meadow Lands, J. Elii>t, 89.

Mechanic's Exhibition, third, 102.

Melons, 3-'>S.

Memory, Scraps from, 157.

Merry's Musuum, 222.

Mice, girdling Trees, 162, 323.

Metcalf, A. C , Rotation, 269, 296.

Mildew, on Wheat, 10.

Milk, sailing of, 100; its components, 116; establish,
menis, London, 197; Rich, 243 ; Churning, .347.

Milking, who shall doit .' 61.

Morlgiigc, incumbrance, 113.

Moll's Vegetable Boiler, 158.

Moustaches, 400.

Muck and Draining, 38, 114, 133, 134, 164, 174; mean-
ing of the term, 212 ; subject al Stale House, 222,249,
274, 302 ; fresh dug, A. Nichols, 318.

Muck-iana, first gun, l37.

Muck manure, 294, 310.

Murrain, Bloody, 84.

Mutton, English, 206.

Kational Agriculuiral Society, 90 ; Address upon, by S.

Robinson, 91.
Nature's testimony, 200
Newspaper's, good scare crows, 307.
Nichols, A., on Muck, 318.
Nonanium Hill, 144.
Noyes, John, statemenl, 2.37.
Nurseries of Fruit Trees, 142.

O. '

Oat Hay, 250.

Oai Crop, Gov. Hill's, 83; Vermont, 148, 228, 268.
Odds and Ends, 13.

Oil, from Corn, 137 ; pumpkin Seeds, 141 .
Oil Soap, 43.
Old Things, 211.
Only Half a Dollar, 22).

Orcliards, by A. VV. Dodge. Report upon by .Massachu-
setts Agricultural Society, 204, 349.
Ouraiig Oulang, 235.
Ox, treatment ol, 116.
Oxen in harness, 411.

Painting, lime for, 362.

Paragraphs, all sorts, 120.

Parental instruction, 176.

Pasture lands, old, seeding, 77 — Economv of, 188.

Patent Office, 1.14.

P. D. 10 Maine Farmer, 304.

Peaches, for picklinir, 77.

Peca Worm, 358, 394.

Peach tree, yellows in, 18 — benefited by salt-petrc, 60,

351 ; Preservation of, 401.
Peat, 30, 84— compost, 274.
Peat lands, improvement of, 44.

I'enii, 3'J6.

Peteri, Luvrit, on roinovnl ornvciindlne, 5— on slubboi-
ing ill lioru-, 28.

Philniiophical finli, IT,.

I'liinney E., un Anii:rican ftwine binder, 22t>.

Ph)»itiil difgenerory, 10.

Plagiarism, 39H.

Plans for the Soanon, 2H0.

Plants, Cabbage, 410.

Plant Lice, 3.N>.

Plaster, helps manures, 277, 357, :t88.

Plowman, Mass., 114.

Plows, trials of them, 86— steam, 93— ihe he>.i, 110—
for ditching, 164 — obstructions to, IMI.

Plowing matches, institution of, 214.

Plum trees, warts on, 379

Plymouth Counly Catile Show, 1842, 337.

Poelrj-, An Evening Reverie, 32 — Power ol the dead, 40
— Coiilempl,48 — who are the free, .56 — them is ■ God,
64 — Eiiiigrunl's Daughter, SO— Change 96— Wants of
Man, 112— Villa^io Bluckaniitb, 1'20— Little Fuclofr
Girl, 128— The Labourer, 136— To J. Q. A, 152—
Prayer Book, 160— Fisher Boat, 168— The Bowl, 176—
Backwoodnian, 184 — Death of the Flowers, 192 — the
Happy, 200 — Immortulily, 200 — Toniperaiicu Hymn,
20tt-— Skater's song, 256 — Come to prayer, 264 — For-
ecttne-not, 280 — V\ifes rejoicing, 296— Ode, 320—
Lament, '^'26 — Bucket, 336— Temperance standard,
334— Blind Boy, 368— Kind words, 406— Dash to the
floor thai boni, 416.

Poor of England, 192.

Potatoes — Kemoval of Blossoms, big business, 37 — har-
vcsling, 118— Frozen, 177— Red, flowers of, 167—
Velos, Florida, Dean, 158, 166 — crop in Vermont and
Editor's crop, 181 — Planted under bushes and straw,
181- Black, 1b2— from Seed, 195— Ibr light Soils,
238-Gen. Barnum's, 235,236, 2;t8, 241— Gen. Barn-
urn's mode, 2.')2— Culture of, 293 — Urge and small
Seed, 300— cutting Seed, 300, 302, 324, 3'25.

Pork, preserving, 51, 139.

Pot liquor, 229, 245.

Poudritte Co., 97, 228.

Poultry, 101— food for, 115, 195, 213.

PruciicB and Science, M. A. on, 362.

Premiums, offered by Essex Agricultural Society, 1841,
1, on Crops, 307; on Corn, 308.

Prevention better than Cure, 208.

Printers, 296.

Prison Discipline in Berlin, 16.

Protection, 380.

Pruning, 28li, 290.

Public Spirii, 265.

Pumice, a manure, 100.

Pumpkins, 357.

Putnam, Gen , 128.

Potatoes, early, 326— for Slock, 342— Lime for, 363—
how to boil, '363 — Bin-grief in, 380.

Q

Quince Borer, 363.

Radishes, 326.

Radish, Horse, for slock, 322.

Rail Road, Western, 214.

Rats, destruction of, 21 — Fecundity of, 85.

Rays, dilVerenl cfrects of, '373.

Recipes, for Horses, 36 — Diarrhoea, 48— Kidney Worms,
51— sore Teals, 58— for Hogs, 59— Cattle and llorecs,
r,0_for Tomalo Figs, 66— danders, 68— Horn distem-
per, (iS— Hoof ail, CS-Lighlning shock, 24— for pre-
serving Eggs, 69— Sheep fly, 75 — pickling Peaches, 77
— extract glas.< Stnppli — preserve Apples and Pears,
Steel from rust. Reptiles, 80 — for poisoned Sheep and
bloated Cattle, 83 — bloody Murrain, 85 — Warts on
Cows, 101 — hydated in Sheep, 133— pickling Pork and
Beef, 139 — preserving Wood, 1()3 — Cough in Swine,
l&l—for new Boots, 165— Bois, 181— choked Cattle,
181— Horn ail, 187— Film in Eyes, 19.5— Croup, 203
— Grain Weevil, 205— Miss Beecher's Treatise, ex-
tracts from, 219— Sausages, 226 — Ants, 235— Grease
spots, 246 — Fever and Ague, 2.59 — Ninkin, 267 — Lice
on Cattle, 270— Scours in Calves, 323, 350— Rheuma-
tism, Burns, 336, 339- Canker Rash and Scarlet Fe-
ver, :'39— Wounds in Trees, 312— Choaking, 361—
to wash Woollen, 387— bloody Murrain, 394.

Reclaiming wel Meadows, Peiensing, 84, 89, 124, 257—
laying down and dressings, 289, 348.

Requital of Favors, 97.

Ringing branches, makes them fruitfiil, 32

Rhode Islsnd Cattle Show, 321

IV

Kobinvon, .Solon, O.lds and Kiids, Ki. 3i;2— A.ldr. s-, !M
—Arrival, no, ll-< — letter from, lo'i, 202— <m Hogs,
250. I

Uock and Sea Weed as manures, 1G4. I

Kolllii;; Lands, 'JU

Root', Harve^tMl!r, 13-J, 150— cullivalioii of, y02 — nuiri-
inonlin, JOr>, :!4a,372.

Kolaiion of Crop'., 101, 147— Mctcalls, 200, ;.'!)0, 403.

Rum, not needed, T5.

Kula Bogas, valu» of, 5— Implement for harvceting, fi9
— on hone and Salt I,oy — failure ol, Cauae, 21*2 — soil
fur, 342— Culture of, :{73, 370, 387.

Rye, winter, 50, 93— lor Spring feed, 1C2.

S.

Sand, sea, 130 — in cnmposi, 190.

Salt and Aalies mixed for StotU, 09 — salt and lime, 12."i,
322.

Salt, common, nt manure, 364.

Salt Ley, G2, 12«.

Saltpetre, for Corn, 341, 363.

Scare crows, newspapers for, 307.

Schools, Common, 1-12.

Science and I'raciicc, M. H. on, 3C2.

Scion, its influence on the Slock, 117.

Scours in Calves, 323, 350.

Scraps from memory, l.">7.

Scythe and Snaitli Factories, 298.

Season, 334, 312, 358, 398— coolness of, 402.

Secundine, removal of, 5.

Seeds, varying of, 35, ti2— failure of, 291, 323.

Seedsmen, 291.

Sheep poisoned by red cherry, 83 — Blacklock's treatise,
118.

Sheep, Bakeivell and Merino, 73— Fly, 75— Hydnted,
33 ; wintering, 119; upon Turnips, 185,203; hornsof,
227- Husbandry, 237— Fattening, 244— Breeding.
253, 2C2-Ilemlock and Pine for, 300— Fly blown,
370, 389.

Shingling, improvement in, 69, 104.

Shur leff, B., on Live Fences, 92,

Sibley Stephen, on Wool as affected by climate, 5.

Silk, 114 — in Louisiana, 217, 254 — Circular, 345 — grow-
ers of, 40.-..

Slabbering in Horses, 3, 28, 29.

Slander, 48.

Smut in Wheat, 41.

INDEX.

Sod fence, 382.
^'oiling, in spring, i62.

Soils, exhaustion of, II — fertility preserved, 52— crops
adapted !o, 57 — Clays, 117— poor iiuprovement of,

12:i, Ifil— renovation of, hy W. Clarke, Jr. 320— Mr.

C.'s article, :>.-0 — improvement ol by fallows, 372.
Snaka story, 312
Soot as manure, 316, 317.
Spider's instinct, 120.
Squash vine desiro)er, 241, SCO, 265, 355.
Scpiashcs, large, 126, 164— l!onnels, 200— raising, 358—

bugs, 406.
Squirrels, 108.

Stables, floored and unfloored, 19— Swedish, 67, 266.
Statistics of United States, 281.
Steers', ring in the nose, 219.
Slock, native iiiiproven:enl nf, 116 — care of, 174, 201 —

treatment, 266, 268 — importation of by Wr. Sotham,

290.
Straw, cut, 125.
Stumps, removal of, 149.
Sub-soil Flowing, 36, 170, 294.
Sub-soil, virtue of, 133.
Sub-soil, wei, its effects upon trei-s, 60.
Sugar, from corn-stalks, 131, 141.
Sun Dial. 77.

Suppers, early, 25, 44 — supper time, 30.
Swallow, utility of, 75.

Swino, cough, 154 — Report upon, Worcester, 171 — fat-
tening, 228 — pot liquors for, 220 — nianageinent of,

234.

T.
,Tankard,silver, 267, 272.
Taxation in England, 37.
Tents, sore, cuie for, 58.
Temperance, 24 — at Washington, 240.
Tcschrmacher's address, extract front, 19.
Thistle Harvest, 37.
Tillage, 133, 382.

Timber, lime and mode of cutting, 206.
Toads, their u»es, 177.
Tomato Figs, 66— how preserved, 100.
Tools, houses for, 115 ; preparation of, 221, 286 — good

and bad, o63.
Tougard, his letter, 355.

Treatise on Oomestlo Economy, by C. E. Beeclier, 20C
Tree, old, 136.

Trees, cankered by cold soil, 11 — Transplaniing, II —
affected by wet Sub-soil, 6('', 109 — girdling by mice
162— nut bearing, transplanted, 205, 357— setting 354

Tudor F , statement, 237.

Turner, J II , address, 25— on rolalion, 403.

Turnips, for late crop, 3 — on liquid manure, 21— tim'
for sowing, 22— Among Corn, by H. D. W., 45, 51-
prolccted from Fly, b3 — diseases in, 141— <ause o
decay, 147 — mixing, 180 — distance of, 212 — fly kep
oflr by oil, 278, 387.

U.

Under Draining, eflecia of, 56, 265.

Urine and Manure, 103 — cows, 317.

V. •

Vegetable boiler, Motts, 158.
W.

Wager, Admiral, 100.

Walnuts, grafting, 181.

Wall, gap in, 9.

Warts on Cows, 101— on Plum trees, 370.

Washington, Gen., 312.

Water, cold, danger from, 0.

Watering places, 82.

Weeds, war upon them, 29— kinds of, 34, 36.

Weevil, French recipes, 397.

Wheat, Northern, for seed, 14— smut in 44, 148, 173-
choicoof, 186 — selecting seed, 187--Black Sea, \i'
—Salt.it, 205, 333— Virginia, 402.

While Weed, or Daisies, 178.

Wife, choice of, 155 — her position, 352.

Winter, preparation for, 150.

Woman and Agriculture, 187 — Love of, 360.

Women, physical debility of, 210.

Wool, afiected by climate, 5— American, 69 — a Story
296

Woollen ra^s, as manure, 317.

Working classes in England, 37.

Worm, Pnlma, 35.

Worms, to destroy, 363.

V.

Year, new, 214.

Yeast, 43.

Young Men, advice to, 280.

Z. Y. upon blight in Wheat, 10

AND II 0 U T I C; U L T U U A L R E G I S T K R .

^

PUHLISHED BY JOSKPH BREfK & CO., NO. 62 NOUTH MAIIKK.T STRKKT, (AonicuiTCBAL Wah»iiou»i.)-ALLEN I'UTNAM, KDITOR.

BOBTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 1841.

[SO. 1.

N. E. FARMER.

Jst prciiiium,
2(1 premium,

ANNUAL EXHIBITION
By tke Essex .li^i-icuHural Society, at Georgetown,
OH H'edmsday, Sept-'H*, It^-ll.
Premiums offered by the Essex Agricultural So-
ciety and the Massachusetts Society for Promoting
Agriculture:

Management of Farms.
For the beat cultivated farm of not less than fif-
ty acres, exclusive of woodland, regard being had
to particular improvements within a few years past,
the quantity of produce, the manure and expense
of cultivation, with a statement in writing of all
facts in relation to iho same —

1st premium, $'V)

2d premium, 15

Notice of intention to claim these premiums,

must be given to the Secretary, on or before the

30tli of June, the present year.

Dairy.

For the best produce of butter on any farm with-
in the county of Essex, from the 1st of June to the
9th of July, inclusive, in the present year, a sam-
ple, not less than 25 pounds, to be exhibited, with
a particular statement of the number of cows,
quantity, method of making and preserving the
same, &c. &,c.

1st premium, $8

2d premium, 6

3d premium, 4

For the best produce of butter on any farm
within the county of Essex, in the four months next
following the 20th of May, the present year, a
sample of not less than 25 pounds to be exhibited
— quality as well as quantity to be taken into
view — with a full account of the manner of feed-
ing the cows, and the general management of the
milk and butter —

1st premium, $10

^ premium, 8

3d premium, (i

For the best produce of new milk cheese, in
proportion to the number of cows producing it, on
any farm within the county of Essex, in the months
of July, August and September, in the present
year, a sample of not less than fifty pounds to be
exhibited, with a statement of the method of mak-
ing and preserving the same —

Ist premium, $10

2d premium, 8

Note. It will be observed that these premiums
are offered for the best produce on the farms, and
not simply for the best specimen exhibited. Claim-
ants will therefore be required to be particular in
keeping nii account, and preparing a statement of
the entire produce within the times mentioned.

Turning' in of Crops as a Manure.
For the most satisfactory experiment of turning
in crops as a manure, either green or dry, on not
less than oue acre of land, a detailed account of
the whole process to be given in writing —

Forest Trees.

For the best plantation of cither of the follow-
ing species of forest trees, viz : — white oak, yellow
onk, locust, birch, wliito ash, maplo or walnut, in
the the third year of their growth, and not less
than one thousand trees, $30

For the best do. do. do. not less thin six
hundred trees, J5

For the best do. do. do. not less than fout,
hundred trees, 10

Note. For an explanation of those premiums
see remarks in the last and former years.

Cultivation of Mulberry Trees, Silk, Sfc.

For the best plantation of mulberry trees, for
which no premium has been awarded, at least one
hundred, of Ihreo years growth or more, the same
being in a thriving condiiion — $15

For the second best, 10

For the third best, 5

For the best nursery of mulberry trees, at least
five hundred, not exceeding two years growth $10
For the second best, .5

For the beet conducted experiment in the pro-
duction of silk, the result to be shown in the exhi-
bition of the article, the same to be exhibited eith-
er in cocoons, reeled or manufactured, with a state-
ment in writing of the facts relating thereto, $10
I'^or the second best, 5

Irrigation.

For the most satisfactory experiment for increas-
ing the crops, upon not less than one acre of land,
by irrigation, with a detailed account of the man-
ner, expense, and benefits produced, ,$12

For the second best, 16

Improving fVet Meadow or Swamp Lauds.

For the best conducted experiment in reclaiming
wet meadow or swamp lands, on not less than one
acre, the course of management and the produce,
&c., for a period of two years, at least, to be de-
tailed, with a statement of all incidental expense,

$20

For the second best, JO

Ploughing.

Double Teams. — For the best performance in
ploughing, at least one sixth of an acre, (ei'cn in-
ches deep, $12
The second, 10
The third, g
The fourth, 6
Single Teams. — For the best performance in
ploughing, at least one sixth of an B.CTe,Jive inches
deep, $10
The second, 8
The third, 6
Tho fourth, 4
Horse Teams — For the best performance in
ploughing with horses, $8
The second, G

For the best plough, character of the work done
liy it, easiness of draught, workmanship, and cost
of implement being taken into consideration, $10

Note. — Particular regard wiil bo had in award-
ing these premiums, to the character of the plough
used. 'I'he power nccissury to be applied in their
use will bu tested ; and those which work best
with least power, will he preferred. The coinpe-
litiirs for those premiums must be the owners of
the team ; and the same must be entered in the
name of tho owner. Those who intend to be com-
petitors, must give notice to the Secretary or his
agent, on or before the Alonday next previous to
the exhibition. Teams tliat come more than ten
miles, wiil be fed the night previous to the exhibi-
tion at the expense of the Society.

Improvement of JIgricultural Implements.

To the person who shall exhibit at the show any
new or improved agricultural implement, the inven-
tion bein;,' his own, which shall in the opinion of
the trustees merit a reward, a premium shall be
given, not exceeding §io

In all cases proof must be given of the work
done by the implement before it is exhibited, and
of its liaving been used and proved by some prac-
tical farmer.

Comparative Value of Crops as Food for Cattle.
For the most satisfactory experiment upon a
stock of cattle, less than four in number, in ascer-
taining tho relative value of the different kinds of
fodder used, with a statement in detail of the quan-
tity and value of the same, as compared with Eng-
lish hay, the experiment to be made in the three
winter months —

Ist premium, ^^o

2d premium, 15

3d premium, JO

These premiums are offered to be paid whenever
a meritorious claim is presented ; and will be con-
tinued until awarded.

Experiments on Manures.

For an exact and satisfactory experiment in the
application of poudrelte, urate, bone manure, ash-
es, sallpetre, barilla, marl or gypsum with a view
to test their specific or comparative advantages
with each other, or any other manure —

Ist premium, $20

2d premium, 10

For the largest quantity of valuable compost
manure collected and brought into condition for
use, on any farm within the county, the materials
and ability of the claimant being taken into con-
sideration, a statement in detail to be given —
1st premium, $30

yd premium, 20

lid premium, ]0

Fattening Cattle and Swine.
For the most satisfactory experiment in feeding

cattle or swine, with a statement in detail of the

process and the results —

Ist premium, $15

2d premium, 10

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JDI<T7, 1441.

CuUivation of Wheat, Ri/e, Oats, Barley and Indian

Com.

For the best conducted experiment of wheat,

on not less than one acre of land, $10

For ihc best conducted experiment of rye,
on not less than one acre of land,

For Iho best conducted experiment of oats,
on not less than one acre of land,

For the best conducted experiment of bar-
ley, on not less than one acre of land.

For the best conducted experiment of Indi-
an corn, on not less than one acre of land,

The claimant will he required to give a state-]
montof the previous condition of the l^nd, the
comparative value of the land, the value ot labor
and manure applied, the produce, the manner ot
preparing the ground, the seed used, the harvest-
in<T, &C.'; including all the details in relation to the
crops, the same to be forwarded to the Secretary
previous to the 1st of December.
Mimah, to be produced at the Eihibition at George-
town, on Wednesday, Sept. 2i>, Ji. D. 1641.
By the favor of the Trustees of the Massachu-
setts Society for Promoting A'^riculturo, we have
it in our power to say, that in addition to the other
premiums offered, the following will be awarded
for stock exhibited from any county in the Com-
monwealth, by a special committee for this pur-
po.se :

For the best full bloodud bull, of an import-
ed brci'd, not less than one year old, on satis-
factory assurance being given that he shall be
kept for use in some county of the State at
least nine months from the day of exhibition, $15
For the second best, "

For the best full blooded milch cow, of an
imported breed, not less than three, nor more
tlian ten years old, with satisfactory evidence
as to the quantity and quality of her milk, and
tlie manner in which she has been fed, lo

For the second best, '

For the best full blooded heifer, of import-
ed breed, that has been milked not less than
three months, with satisfactory evidence of the
quantity and quality of her milk, _ 10

For the best full blooded yearling heifer, of
imported breed,

For the best pair of working oxen, taking in-
to view their size, power and training, 12
For the second best, *'
For the best pair of three year old steeis,
taking into view tlieir size, power, &c. 10

Vox the best milch cow, of native breed, not
less than three nor more than ton years old,
with satisfactory evidence of the quantity and
quality of her milk, and her mode of feeding, 10
The entire amount of premiums and gratuities
by the State Society to be one hundred dollars.
No premium will be awarded to any animal which
lias heretofore had a prfmiiim of the Stale Society.
Notice must be given to Honjamin Guild, Esq.,
Boston, on or before Monday preceding the day of
exhibition.

Premiums offered by this Society.
For the best fat ox, fatted within the county,
regard being had to the manner of feeding and
the expense thereof, -'-^

For the second do. 10

For the third do.

For the best bull, not less than one year old,
on galisfactory asgurance being given that he

10

10

shall be kept for use in the county at least nine
months from the day of exhibition,
For the second best,

For the best milch cow, not less than three
nor more than ten years old, with satisfactory
evidence as the quantity and quality of her
milk, and the manner in which she has been
! fed,

i For the second do.
; For the third do.

i For the best heifer, that has been in milk
i three months or more, with satisfactory evi-
jdenceas to the quantity and quality of her
milk.

For the second do.

For the best pair of working oxen, taking
into view their size, power and training,
For the second do.
For the third do.

For the best pair of three year old steers, do
For the second do.

For the best pair of two year old steers, do.
For the second do.

For the best pair of yearling steers, do.
For the second do.
For the best boar,
For the second do.
For the best breeding sow,
For the second do.

For the best litter of weaned pigs, not less
than four, from 2 to 6 months old.
For the second do.

. Note. In testing the power of working cattle

five years old, or more, the load is not to exceed
two tons : under five years old, it is to be one ton.

Domestic Manufactures.

For the best piece of carpeting, a yard wide,

and not less than 20 yards to bo exhibited, i

For the second best do. do.

For the best piece of stair carpeting, not less

than 20 yards to be exhibited.

For the best straw or grass bonnet.
For the second best do.
For the best wrought hearth rug, having re-
gard both to the quality of the work and ex-
pense of the material.
For the second best, do.
For the beat piece of woollen cloth, 7-8ths
of a yard wide, and 20 yards in quantity.
For the second best do.
For the best piece of flannel a yard wide,
and 20 yards in quantity.
For the second best do. do.
For the best wrought woollen hose, not less
than 4 pair.

For the second best do. do.
For the best men's half hose, not less than 4
pair.

For the best silk hose, not loss than .'1 pair,
For the best piece of linen cloth, not less
than 20 yards.

For the second beat do.
For the best piece of linen diaper, not less
than 20 yards.

For the second best do.

For the best wrought counterpane, having re-
gard to the quality and expense of the materi-
als,

For the second best do.

For the best specimen of wrought lace.

For the second brst,

For the best specimen of work performed by

a child under 12 years of age, exhibiting indus-
try and ingenuity, 3
For the second best do. 2
And should any other articles of domestic manu-
facture be exhibited worthy of attention, a proper
notice will be taken of them, and suitable premi-
ums awarded. The whole amount not to exceed
one hundred dollars.

Fruits and Flowers.
A convenient room will be provided for the ex-
hibition of fruits and flowers, and a committee will
be appointed to examine and report on such as
may be presented. Whoever may present, ia re-
quested to furniili a minute in writing of the name
of the owner and description of the article present-
ed. The committee will be instructed to recom-
mend such gratiiilies as the articles may seem to
merit, not exceeding in amount the sum of thirty
dollars.

Live Fences.
For the best cultivated hedge or live fence of
any kind, of not less than five years* growth from
the seed, and at least twenty rods in length, well
trimmed and filled —

1st premium, *20

2d premium, 10

General Remarks.
All claims for premiums to be awarded on the
day of exhibition, must be entered with the Sec-
retary of the Society or his agent, on or before D
o'clock, A. M. of that day.

All othi;r claims for premiums must be handed
or forwarded to the Secretary in writing.

All premiums awarded, the payment of which is
not demanded of the Treasurer within one year,
from the day c.f exhibition, will be considered as
given to increase the funds of the Society.

No animal for which a premium has heretofore
been awarded by the Society, will be entitled to
anollier jireiiiiuin, unless it be of a liigher order,
nnd f)r qualities different from those for which the
former premiums were awarded.

No person will be entitled to receive o premium
unless he complies with the conditions on which
the premiums are offered; and gives notice as re-
quired, of his intention to claim the same.

Ill regard to all subjects for which premiums are
offered, it is to be distinctly understood, that the
Trustees reserve to themselves the right of judg-
ing of tlie quality of the animal or article offered;
and that no premiums will be awarded, unless the
objects of them are of a decidedly superior quolity.
By order of the Trustees,

J. W. PROCTOR, Secretary.
January, 1841.

TURNIPS— RUTA BAGA— BUCKWHEAT.

Many of our farmers, inconsequence of the late
period at which reol spring weather commenced
this season, have been pushed with work, and have
not been able to plant as much as they intended
to, being deterred by what they consider the late-
ness of the season. There arc some crops which
will do yet, such as rula baga, turnips, and buck-
wheat, and we would urge our brethren to go large-
ly into these crops — we mean those who can do it
without too much expense in preparation. There
seems to be a change in the minds of some, in re-
gard to the value of ruta baga and common tur-
nips. The cause probably is this — they had en-
lerimned too high an opinion of them in the begin-

>l.. XX. NO. 1.

A N D HO R T I C U L T U ii A L ii E G I S 1" K R .

3

11111^;, and m lliey JiJ iiol coiiir up to (Im slaiuliiril
wliicli llioy hml ronreil in llioir iinnniiintiDii, lliey
feci ilispo»cil ti> cry llicin down hv\o\v tlicir jiisl
value. \Vc know of eoinc furnicrs in lliis virinily.
who liavo had a number of years cipcrience in llie
culture and use of llie ruta bngu, and wlio would
not be Without thcin during lln" winter on any ac-
count. One of thcin winlora his cattle (and he
keeps a Inrjje stock,) on straw and rnta bajja prin-
cipally, and he winters ihein well too. Now if the
ruta baga will do this for one man it will for anoth-
er. We should prefer to have them planted by
Uie tirst of May, but they will do very well if not
planted till the 'iSth of June. The common flat
turnip may be planted in July. But very few
plant many of this kind. It is true there is not so
much nutritive matter in it as in sonic other roots,
and yet it is worth cultivating. It has added more,
and continues to add more to the wealth of Kng-
land than perhaps any other root. If it will fatten
cattle in England, the land fumed for beef and mut-
ton chops, surely it will here. Indeed we have
ourselves done it with them, and we believe, con-
sidering the ease with which they are raised, it was
done as cheap as with any other material, though
it took more bushels to do it. The mild winters of
England enable them to turn their cattle out among
them to help themselves, but we believe that when
we consider the waste which is made by the biting
and trampling them into the earth, that it would
be as economical or more so, to gather and house
tliem, as we have to.

In regard to buckwheat, it does best to be sow-
ed from the VJOth to the 30th of June. If sowed
earlier, it is very apt to blight. More of this
should be cultivated. Every one likes buckwheat
flitters, and we are sorry to say that a good deal of
the buckwheat flour is brought into the State from
abroad, when we might raise enough to supply the
whole Union — Maine Farmer.

Flora the Farmer's Cabinet.

SL.ABBERING IN HORSES.

Sir — In the No. of the Cabinet for .April, a cor-
respondent attributes the slabbers in horses to the
plant called the Spurge, (Euphorbia maculata,)
which is generally found in second crop clover,
and not to the clover itself. Now, at that time, I
was not prepared to believe that this account was
correct, for I had never noticed that plant to infest
particularly the lecottd crop of clover, and not the
Jirst ; besides, I had always been taught to believe
that it was the clover itself which was the delete-
rious substance; and never before having heard
that the thing had been doubted, I confess that
your correspondent's new notion had hut little
weight with me.

I find, however, that the idea is by no means
new, for in the 2d volume of the Memoirs of the
Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture,
page 350, there is a valuable paper on this subject,
written by Mr A. Parlee, dated Wilmington, Del.,
1610, in which it is made evident by experiment,
that this plant is at least one of the causes of that
singular disease, and goes far to exonerate clover,
in any stage, from the charge of any poisonous
quality whatever. Permit me to copy it for your
pages.

"I communicate to you the result of some ob-
servations and experiments which I have made on
the spotted Spurge (Euphorbia innculatn,) relative

to Its being the caiisn of tlio Haliviition that oroiirs
so frrqucntly amongst hoises while feeding the
second crop of clover. The occurrence of a pro-
fuse discharge of saliva from horses, and its rapid
production of great debility and emaciation, had
not only excited the surprise of many of the far-
mers, but had also given rise to various roiijectun's
aa to the cause of it : o|)inions were founded on no
substantial data, but nf\en originated from the
most vague surmises. By many it was imputed
solely to a peculiar quality inherent in the second
crop of clover, as it generally first appeared when
the animals were put to pasture on it; and the dis-
ease being almost exclusively confined to that de-
scription of pasturage, this was considered a cor-
roborating evidence of the correctness ot the hy-
pothosis ; but its not having occurred for many
years after clover had been extensively cultivated,
and never having occurred in many places where
horses are pastured altogether on clover, surticient-
ly proved that opinion to be erroneous. It was
then attributed to the cflin'ts of plaster — but from
the occurrence of it on many farms where plaster
had never been used, as well as its not. having oc-
curred where it had been used very copiously, this
opinion was proved to be equally incorrect with
the former.

" For the purpose of ascertaining the fact by ex-
periment, I procured a small quantity of the Eu-
phorbia maculata, and gave it to a horse, envelop-
ed in a small quantity of clover, carefully gathered,
stem by stem, and perfectly free from all other
vegetables or extraneous matter whatever: — a pre-
ternatural discharge of saliva took place in half an
hour. This experiment was frequently repeated,
and invariably with the same result. Again, to
prove that clover did not contribute towards it, in
some cases other grasses were used as an envel-
ope, with the same effect ; and when the horse was
perfectly free from slabbering, a considerable
quantity of clover, carefully gathered without the
Euphorbia, was given to him, and no such effect
was produced. These experiments I considered
sufficient to prove that the Euphorbia maculata
would produce salivation, and I am induced to
think it is the general, if not the only cause of it.
This plant, delighting in the wellcullivated clover
ground, sends off many slender spreading branch-
es about the height of the second crop, and is then
very liable to be taken in with the clover by the
larger-mouthed animals ; but whether this species
of Euphorbia has flourished for a long time in this
part of the country, or has hut lately migrated into
il, I have not ascertained ; but in either case, its
having but recently intruded itself into the pasture
fields can be easily accounted for: it cornea for-
ward, flowers and ripens its seed about the same
time with the second crop cf clover ; and as clover
seed is generally gathered from the second crop,
it must be very liable to have some of the seed of
Euphorbia gathered with it, and may in this way
be extensively diffused over the country. The
slabbering was observed in the neighborhood nf
Westchester before it was seen in this neighbor-
hood ; and as the farmers here have generally ob-
tained their clover-seed from thence, it seems high-
ly probable that it has been introduced in that man-
ner.

"All the plants of the genua Euphorbia contain
an extremely acrid juice ; many of them stand at
the head of the catalogue of vegetable poisons;
some of them when rubbed on the skin will pro-
duce excoriation ; and the least acrid of them,

when taken into tli" iiioiilh, ai-t n.i powcrl'ul inusti-
catories ; but the inaciiliria pus-ense" its grenteat
acrimcmy when in flower, or a little before, and at
that time the salivation has been observed to be
most prevalent. .Most planlH, when thoroughly
dried in the sun, lose iiiiicii of their virtue ; and
tins is also the case with the Euphorbia: and lor
this reason hay, when containing it| if thoroughly
dried in the sun, will not be near so productive of
salivation as when It has been dried in the shade;
and this circiimstanco should bo attendcil to when
gathering hay containing it. From the foregoing
observations, therefore, I think it extremely proba-
ble that the plant in question is the general cause
of salivation in horses. There are other plants
which act OS masticatorics, but there arc very few
of tlieiii that are liable to be eaten by the gramini-
vorous animals. I am, however, certain that the
Euphorbia miculala will jiroduce it, and liave al-
ways observed it to abnund in the fields when slab-
bering was prevalent."

This plant begins to he in flower in July or be-
ginning of August, and continues to bloom for seve-
ral weeks, during which time it no doubt possesses
the greatest acrimony ; and it is at this time that
horses are most commonly affected with the disease
called slabbering. JOHN DALY.

CORN HUSKERS.

Nothing can be more astonishing or disgusting
to a genuine South-westerner, than to hear the
people of the North talk of machines t.> shuck corn.
Why if such implements were introduced into this
country, they would cut off one of the richest
sources of pleasure to our sable population. An
old fashioned corn shucking is worth more to our
negroes than all the horse races, chases, theatres
and other sports are to the whites. It is indeed
exciting, and touched a little with the sublime, to
hear the "corn songs" of the darkies. They are
animating in the highest degree to this portion of
our population, and it will never do to deprive
them of the autumnal sports of corn huskings. It
is a light matter to have three or four hundred bar-
rels shucked out in a single evening, and we enter
our solemn protest against all such interpolations
on this score Mtshville ^i3gricuUurist.

Cultivate a little land well, and it will be more
profitable in proportion to the labor expended, than
the cultivation of much land carelessly. The do-
ing of any thing unfaithlully, is bad policy. Thia
skimming over a large surface, building long fen-
ces, paying high taxes, and travelling overmuch
land to secure what might be obtained from half
the same land, with half the plowing, half the hoe-
ing, half the fencing, half the taxing, and half the
travelling, is the way for farmers to complain with
reason that their business will hardly support them.
—Ibid.

We know the effecta of many things, but the
causes of few ; experience, therefore, is a surer
guide than imagination, and inquiry than conjec-
ture. But those physical difficulties which you
cannot account for, be very slow to arraign, for he
that would be wiser than nature, would be wiser
than God. — Lacon.

Pride is a voracious tyrant and requires the moat
cosily food — iu keeper's happiness.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JCLY 7, 184 1.

CIRCULAR.
To tht Jlfrricultwrists, the Manufacturers, Mechan-
ic! and Jirlisaiis of the United States.
The American Inslitule of the City of New
York, Imve directed us, the Tnistoes, to announce
to the public, that the Fourteeiitli Annual Fair will
be held in this city, in the early part of October
next. 'I'he time and place, with a variety of de-
tails, will he made known and published by the
managcrt! as soon as i-onvenicnt after their organi-
zation shall be perfected.

This Institute was established and incorporated
by the Legislature of the State of New York, to
promote domestic industry and improvcmenls in tlie
United States. Among the means sugfrested in
the charter, are public e.xhibilions of meritorious
productions, and rewards for such as are most de-
servinfj.

Thirteen great annual fairs have already been
held. Their beneficial effects in exciting emula-
tion hue been seen and directly felt in more than
half the States of the Union. The popularity of
thcje exhibitions, the extended and inten-^e compe-
tition they have excited, is without a precedent.
More than one hundred thousand visiters have been
admitted, and more tlian filteen thou.-iand specnicns
of domestic products have been exhibited at a sin-
gle anniversary.

A repository for the daily exhibition of improvc-
nienta, and a library, of great utility for practical
purposes, have both been established by this Insti-
tute, and been open for years free of expense to
contributors and visiters. Five plowing exhibi-
tions have been held on fields in the vicinity of
Now York ; and many eloquent addresses, instruc-
tive lectures, and able reports have been made on
different occasions, all having a bearing on produc-
tive industry.

'l"he amount of gratuitous labor bestowed by the
conductors of this InstiLute in fourteen years, it is
believed is without a parallel in the history of our
public institutions. Hitherto the Institute has been
sustained by voluntary contributions, unaided by
city or State bounties. Impressed with these ideas,
the Legislature, in a law just passed, intended for
the promotion of "agriculture and household manu-
factures," have wisely included the .American In-
stitute, and on certain conditions appropriat>; to aid
it, nine hundred and fifty dollars per annum for
five years, reiiuiriiig premiums to be awarded, as
suitable means for accomplishing the object of this
enactment. In addition to the pecuniary aid con-
templated by this act, which is timely, and will
enable us to extend our premiums, it is a public
toMlirnonial of the high consideration maintained
by the Institute in the opinion of our Legislature.
The confidence reposed in the Institute is in the
highest degree honorable to its conductors, making
it thereby the direct agent to carry into effect a
law important in its future effects, and expressly
enacted to encourage the great and paramount in-
terests of agriculture, winch supplies not only the
principal materials on which all other labor is em-
ployed, but also atrurds giistonnnce to the whole hu-
man race.

Accommodations will be provided at the four-
teenth fair for the exhibition of every kind of agri-
cultural and horticultural productions, for machines

and imploiiionls, and steam power and engines

Separate and nuitable places will be assigned for
exhibiting cattle, horses, sheep, swine, and other
farming stock. 'I'hc best productions of the man-
ufactory and the workshop, including woollen, cot-

ton, silk and linen fabrics, will have their appropri-
ate rooms. Labor-saving machinery will not only
be examined by competent judges, but also tested
by steam power. .Ml ne\y and useful labor-saving
inventions « ill command attention, and publicity
given to their merits. Purchasers will have the
best possible opportunity to examine, compare and
select such articles as they wish. Gold and silver
medals, silver cups, diplomas, as well as rewards
in money, will be bestowed on the moat deserving.
The appropriation will enable the managers more
liber-iUy than heretofore, to reward industry gene-
rally, and more particularly female industry, for in-
genious fabrics of household manufacture.

On behalf of this Institute, we would earnestly
invoke the patronage and exertions of prosperous
and intelligent agriculturists, to enable us to fulfil
the expectations of tlie Legislature. In its wisdom
it has laid the foundation of great and lasting good
to the State. But much of the success and popu-
larity of the law to encourage agriculture, will de-
pend on the American Institute. Its pesition in
the city of New York is of all others the most fa-
vorable. There will always be in this great em-
porium choice spirits, and such as know well the
ini-,timable value of agriculture, and who are able
and xvilling to aid any and all great and beneficial
objects. The whole island is surrounded with

P. S. — Gentlemen friendly to the objects of tlie
Institute, both in the city and country, are inviti'd
to become members. Admission fee $3 — annua!
dues $2. Application must be made in writing,
naming place of abode and occupation. Member-
ship confers the privilege of the repository and li-
brary, attending the meeting, also hearing the ad-
dresses and lectures, and visiting the annual fairs,
with ladies, free of expense.

.V<u> I'orA-, May, If 41.

From the Farmer's Cabiaet.

GARLIC.

Mr Editor — I have been a careful reader of
your valuable and interesting paper for some time
past, and have been much gratified to find therein
the productions of so many able writers on many
subjects of much importance; but there is- nf
subject on which I do not recollect ever having
seen any thing published in the Cabinet. I mean
in relation to that noxious plant, Garlick, as to the
best mode of conducting a rotation of crops on a
garlicky farm, so as to be the most profitable to
the agriculturist, and at the same time keeping the
growth of it under, in such a manner as to prevent
one being annoyed with it in the grain

I will here mention a system which I have found
fertile and highly cultivated farms and gardens ex- I to be the best calculated to retard its growth: it

tending into the interior, which bring their sup-
plies daily to our numerous markets, to meet the
vast demands of city consumption. A large pro-
portion of all the f^\rming and gardening imple-

is, to plough it under early in the spring, thereby
preventing it from growing during the following
summer, which causes much of it to decay ; and I
am inclined to think that all that had come to ma-

inents used in this and the adjoining Slates, is sup- turity dies, by being ploughed under at that season,

plied from this city ; and with the facilities of con
veyance by horses and by steam, by land and by
water, it would .»eem to be the chosen place for
agriculture and horticulture to present their fairest
and best contributions, and the radiating point

but inasmuch as the earth is filled with its seeds,
there is great difficulty in exterminating it entirely.
The best course then, is to plough it under late irv
the fall or early in the spring, and cultivate the
land ill corn the following summer; then plough it

from which the knowledge of improvements may again the following spring, and seed it with oats,
be readily made to flow to every portion of our I or any other summer crop; manure it in the fall.

country.

In conclusion, we would also respectfully appeal
to all the multiplied interests of industry and art
to make their contributions of the best specimens,
that the most perfect miniature may be presented
of the skill, the genius, and the ample resources
of our country al the coming anniversary ; and to
the public at large, whose countenance and cheer-
ing approbation has uniformly attended all our un-
dertakings for more than thirteen years, and to
whose favor this Institute owes its existence, we
appeal with uiKjualified confidence, and at the same
time with a strong desire for the especial and best
inlliienccs of our fellow. citizens, at this time, to
enable us triumphantly to carry out the coining
exhibition, and discharge the obligation conferred
by the recent legislative grant. By the kind aid
which the public can confer, and the means pro-
vided, a new impulse may be given to agricultural
improvements, oud to invention and the arts, over
our whole State ; other Slates, some of which are
behind, will ihneby be induced to profit from our
example, and thus the benign influences of liberal
legislation will be exemplified in every section of
our wide-spread country.

JAMFSTALLMADGE, ")

ADONIRAM CHANDLER,

WILLIA.M INGLIS,

JOHN THAVHRS, }Trtistees.

ALi;.\.J. HAiMILTON,

T. H. WAKMAN,

JOSEPH TITCOMB,

and seed it with wheat, and in the spring follow,
ing sow clover on it. This mode enables me to
realize a crop of corn, a crop of oats, a crop of
wheat, and a crop of clover, all without garlick :
and by letting the iand remain only one year in
clover, I generally can have another crop of wheal
without much garlick ; but afterwards it generally
comes thick again. Now, as my principal object
in view is, to elicit information on the best mode
to exterminate it entirely, I conclude by hoping
that some of your able correspondents will oblige
lis with instructions how to cultivate garlicky lands
so as to exitrminale the noxious plant, or to keep
Its crowth under, and enable us to cultivate our
lands profitably. A Practical Fakmeh.

I consider every man who makes some new ag-
ricultural improvement— every man who is instru-
mental in promoting the cause of agriculture — as
the most deserving of approbation. The farmer's
enjoyment from the improved culture of the ground,
is greater than what arises to men employed in
other kinds of business ; and this might be niiicli
increased, if they would expend a portion of labor
and expense in beautifying and adorning the lands
which the Almighty has blessed with fruitfuldess
under their hands. — Clianning.

We can never hope to render soils more fruitful
by applying a gill of manure to tlie hill, and then
carrying off the whole product.

vol.. \\ >■<). I.

AND H () R T I 0 n L T U K A L R E G I S T K R

Porihe N. E. Firmer.

REMOVAL OF THE SECUNDINE.

Ai.Lf.s PcT.vAM, Esq. — Denr Sir — In tlio N. E.
FarniiT of llio 3d insL, you sny, that if I can do-
Bcnbe the process to wliich I BlUiiled in the third
question of ttiy former communication, the making
it public 18 desirable. I have a very poor faculty
to describe any thing by writing, but nevertholcss
I will try.

In the inside of a womb of a cow, there are
many bunches, all round, like buttons, to which the
secundinc is attached ; and I cannot describe the
manner of the fastening better than by comparing
it to cutting a hole or holes in a bag, and slipping
it'over a button and sewing it ti^ht around the
neck of the button, so that hte button would be on
ths inside of the bag. All tliese bunches, knobs
or buttons are easily pulled ofl" — hence the danger
of any violent means being used, for if those bunch-
es are torn otT, there is great danger that the cow
would bleed to death — instances of which there
have been. All those fastenings should be nipped
off with the thumb and fingernails, without any
pulling. It is a severe exercise for the hand, and
necessarily takes soma little tiine. If it is care-
fully done, there is no danger of its injuring the
cow ; but if done harshly, there is great danger.
Yours, rcspect'ullv,

LOVETT PETERS.

June 16, 1841.

From the Fanner's MoDtblr Visitor.

HOW DOES CLIMATE AFFECT THE STA-
PLE OF WOOL ?

The manner in which our two distinguished
friends. Col. Jaques and Mr Sibley, arrive at the
same conclusions from premises directly opposite,
puzzles us exceedingly. We have not the ability
to explain or defend either position. All we oan
do is to express the hope that our readers, who are
practical nieft pursuing the successful business of
weaning lambs and raising sheep, will not be in-
fluenced to chonge a sure course for any untried
experiment.

Our friend Sibley, whose communications on any
agricultural subject we shall always prize, because
they are the result of experience, has fully proved
his doctrines in relation to the management of
sheep by his works : we should follow his advice
very far on this, as on almost every other point of
agricuUdral information. Col. Jaques is, perhaps,
more a man of fancy and imagination than theHop-
kinton farmer. The essays and the ideas of both
gentlemen will amuse our readers, if they do not
afford in all cases safe instruction.

Hopkinton, jV. H, Aug. 1st, Ji?40.
Ho."*. Isaac Hill — In the Visitor of yesterday,
now before me, I find a very interesting account of
Col. Jaques, his farm, and his stock — but more es-
pecially interesting is the account of the manage-
ment of his stock, and his theory for its improve-
ment I will touch only upon his theory respect-
ing his flock of South Downs. He states, that "to
give them the finer and uniform quality of wool
down to the fetlock, and an increased quantity
over ilie whole body, he had so disposed of their
breeding that they should present their lambs in
the fall, instead of the spring." He founds the
improvement of the wool of his sheep on the prin-
ciple " that the economy and providence of nature

arc such, that nninmls clothed in wool or fur will
increase or diiniiiisli the quantity of either, accord-
ing to the climalo, whirli requires more or less
wool or fur to warm tlio body."

It is on this same principle of the "economy
and providence of nature," that I found the im-
provement of till' wool of my sheep, but my manner
of doing it is the reverse of tlial of Col. Jaques.
If my views are right, they may bo of some ser-
vice to wool growers, who would bo likely to follow
a principle lnid down niid reduced to practice by a
person of 60 much inlluonce as Col. Jaques. My
reasons lor adopting a ditTerent manner of improve-
ment, may be seen in the following account.

In the fall of 18"J1, I bought a small numbur of
full blooded Merino sheep, for the purpose of in-
creasing my Hock aiij raising fine wool. For a
number ot years I allowed the buck to go with the
flock the year round, in order that my lambs
should come in tin; winter, supposing birth at that
season would have a natural influence in produ-
cing a more abundant quantity, and a much finer
quality of wool. In breeding in this way, with
the nicest care as to male parentage, I found all
my young sheep bore wool of an inferior quality to
my original stock. I had nearly made up my
mind that our country was not suited to the growth
of fine wool, and that in the course of time the
offspring of fine Spanish sheep would become as-
similated to, and lost in, our native breed. From
conversation and reflection on the subject, I con-
cluded to change my course, and let the month of
May be the yeaning month, and a few years only
were needed to produce a change for the better, as
apparent as day from night. All agree that a cold
climate is calculated to produce a finer, softer and
more abundant covering for the animal creation,
than a hot one ; and for that reason a lamb that is
dropped in May, or the fore part of June, will pro-
duce more and better wool than one which comes
in the fall or winter. By allowing the male to go
to the female in December, we have the whole of
the winter for the formation of the animal, and
with all the other parts, every fibre of the wool is
formed, and the lamb is fitted for a cold climate
with a fleece of the finest and warmest kind. Af-
ter the perfect formation and production of the ani-
mal, the heat of our summer produces no change
in the quality of the wool, or if any, it is so slight
as to be wholly unperceived. Sheep that are at
all tin.es kept in a perfectly healthy condition,
continue to produce wool equally fine, soft and
beautiful, year after year, till visited by old age,
and then, like the hair of an aged person, it be-
comes in some degree more harsh and rigid. By
providing for the birth of lambs in the fall, gesta-
tion is going on during the heat of summer, and
nature, true to her work, prepares the lamb with a
hairy, coarse covering, suited to a warm climate.
STEPHEN SIBLEV.

From the Farmer s Cabinet.

POTATOES.

"Let A'atuTc huie htr perfect work."
Mr Editor — Had your correspondent C. (p.
290, No. 0, for April,) lived a century ago, his pro-
posal to deprive the potato plant of its seed-ves-
sels to strengthen the root, would have been in
season; for the wise folks of that age supposed
that "art could im^rorc nature;" but such a scheme
as thiit which he advocates, is now quite out of

dale, fur it is found that nature is in every thin;;
perfect, and all thiit ninn can do is to iiwi't her by
bringing within her roach the muturiaU for hor
work, er removing out of the woy those obstacles
that would impede her progress. The in^ilnnce
which he cites, of an experiment made by .M. /cl-
ler. Director of the Agricultural Society of Darm-
stadt, is only the repetition of the old btory, which
has conio regularly up and gono regiilurly down
for the last age : the plan has been advocated and
abandoned limes and often, and wise men have at
length come to the conclusion, that Nature know*
best how to do her own work. Anjaccount of M.
Zeller's experiment of removing the potato blos-
soms, is going the round of the agricultural papers,
and the difference in favor of the operation is gene-
rally made to appear, as stated in the Cabinet, viz:
as 470 to 37; but the latter number is evidently a
misprint : it should be as 470 to 4.37, and so it is
slatrtd in the New England Farmer, one of the
best agricultural journals in the United States.

A.
P. S. — Is it not time, now-about, to revive again
the hilling of corn ?

GALVANIC PLANT-PROTECTOR.

It appears by a late English paper, that a gal-
vanic battery has been successfully employed to
guard the Dahlia against slugs and snails. Most
of our rerders will get a correct idea of this appa-
ratus, from a tin basin, six inches in diameter, with
the bottom out The material, howerer, must be
zinc, surrounded by a band of {copper one inch
wide, neatly fitted on the outside near the rim, and
held up by dots of solder. It is pressed into the
ground so that no insect can crawl under it, and
its effect is thus described :

"The mollusca may crawl up the zinc with im-
punity, but on coming in contact with the copper,
will receive a galvanic shock, and immediately
turn away or fall to the ground. I have repeated-
ly watched them, and have observed they were ex-
tremely cautious in approaching a second time. —
The apparatus acts in wet or dry weather, and is
therefore always in action."

We ought to mention, however, that the upper
edge of the zinc has an indented flange, turned
horizontally outward, just above the copper band.

We have thought of applying this apparatus to
the plum tree, &.C., to protect the fruit against the
curculio. Insects that fly into the trees, of course
will not be interrupted ; but the curculio, like the
snail or the slug in England, is decidedly a crawl-
cr. To prevent the hogs from interfering, a guard
of thorns or briers may be useful; or perhaps it
may be found to act several feet up the trunk,
where rags or tow may be stuffed in between the
tree and the magic circle. — J^'ew Gtneace Far,

The beautiful shade trees before your dwellings
which shield you from the heat of summer, and
shed an air of fragrance and beauty around tiie
spot on which they stand, and your fruit trees,
from which you have so often regaled yourself,

WERE PLA^TED BY OTHER DANDS.

It must be the destiny of the very best and rich-
est countries to degenerate, whenever successive
croppings of even the richest soils shall be pur-
sued, unless the requisite means are adopted for
renovation.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JtII.T7, I8«l.

AMI IIORTICLLTLRAI. RFGISTF.H.

GosTON, Weonepoav, July 7, 18-11.

VOLUME XX.

We lodiiy lurn ovfr a new Umf. The nineleentli vol-
u nc of Ihe New England Fnrnier ia compleled, and we
now commencf ilie twenlietli. It gives us plensure to
Ii-arn, as we d<> from various sources, tlint our labors in
conneciion witli the paper for the last six months, have
m«I wilh fdvor. 'I'ho accesslims to our subscription
list h.Tve been gratifying; and we are encouraired to
hope that the pap>-r which was so serviceable in the
hands of Fesse.-dkh, will retain the confidence and fa-
vor ofour agriculuiriats. We embrace the occasion to
ask our corriBpondents to continue their favor*, and our
(ricnde, Messrs Br»Tk & Co., will thank the subscribers
to be prompt in the [layrnent of their dues. We can
promiae only to try to rendtr the paper serviceable.
ALLEN PUTNAM.

TEMPEST IN ESSEX COUNTY.

The farm, which we h.ive lately purchased, and on
which we spend a portion of our time, was visiled on
Wednesday last, (June 30,) by a violent hail storm.
The effects of the tempest upon the agricultural inte-
rests <if several towns in Essex county, entitle the storm
to our particular notice.

That day and the preceding one had been warm and
sultry ; at 3 o'clock, P. M., the collected clouds gave us
hi(;h and fitful winds, rushing and whirling, and filling
the atmosphere wilh dirt and leaves and the fragments
of trees. The rain came down in Mheets; and income
places hail fell wilh most destructive force. Much of
the county was favored with a copious and refreshing
shower, unattended by any thing remarkable. Hut the
eostern parts of Middleton and Danvere, and the west-
ern parts of Wenharn and Hevcrly, were swept by
whirls of rushing winds that broke and uprooted trees
in countless numbers— that seemed peculiarly prone to
the capsizing of chimneys and the destruction of barns.
It is said, and we dn not doubt its correctness, that not
less than forty barns were prostrated in a territory of
fi>e or six miles in length and two in breadth. Many
of these were valiiablo buildings: oni; of them was ab-
Bolulely new ; (its owner lost his barn by a previous
gale this season, and by great efforts had got this in
readiness to receive his hay ; now this is gone, and with
it the life of a valuable horse ) What my neighbors
are !o do I know not ; here they ar' , just at the com-
mencement of the haying season, and their barns arc
all in ruins: neither materials nor workmen can be
procured at once lo supply the wants of those who arc
able to rebuild ; many of them would bo unable per-
haps lo build, could they choose tho season of the year
most convenient, and could lumber and labor be pro-
cured at reasonable rates. The losses and inconveni-
en«e« will he found a heavy lax upon the neighborhood

Where the winds made sport wilh barns, very little
hail accompanied them, and tho crops arc not iiijureu.

Through the centre of Wenhain, the damage done by
the hail surpassed any thing of the kind ever witnessed
by us — any thing, we believe, over experienced by the
olile»t inhabiiauts. We were not at our [ihicc durini;
the shower, but upon our return borne at G o'clock, we
found the hail lying in masses a font deep or more, in
the low places at the sides of the road : the next morn-
ing at H o'clock, we sow cartloads of it in the same silua-
linn; and at that time the stones, as we opened the
heap, appeared to be on the average as laran as ounce

bulliiH. I am told that immediately after the shower,
the hail was two inches deep on the level grass grounds,
and that it was nearly impossible for one to walk upon
it. The wind being violent and the ice balls so large
and numerous, nearly all the glass in the central parts
ofWenham,on the exposed sides of the houaes was
broken. All the crops are beaten down and torn into
shreda. On my own place and on the farm of Hon. R.
C. Winthrop, adjoining min-, theio seemed on Thurs-
day morning, scarcely a possibility that a blade of corn
or any grain ; or that a bean, a sijuush, a beet or a car-
rot would survive. Every thing was stripped into
shrcda. The damage was no w«rsu on theae two places
than on many others in the vicinity, hut it is on theae
particularly that we have examined the bruised plant-;
and for that reason they are pirticularly named. A
field of winter rye on Mr Winlhrnp's place, which on
Wi dm-sday morning waa promising a good crop, was
completely broken down and shatteied, so that it has
been necessary to mow it down at once. The outs and
barley are all pro-trate and are badly bruised : the grass
even is badly broken; and the corn is not merely blown
over, but the stalks are bruised and shivered so that it is
Impossible that they should recover. The only hope is
that new shoots may come from near the routs and give
ua a little corn. Much of the foliage and the fruit have
been beaten from our trees ; the bark of the young trees
is very badly bruised ; every growing tree and plant
around us has been injured. Our fields present a sad-
dening eight. But we will hope li)r le.ss damage than
present appearances indicate. The small town of Wen-
ham must suffer to the amount of four or five thousand
dollars. We lose the glass from our house, and appa-
rently more than half of what would otherwise have
grown on our tillage land. Many experiments com-
menced cannot be carried through.

TO HIRED MEN.
" Jfot with eye service." — St. Padl.

Not long since wo gave a brief homily to those wlio
have hired men in their employ. We have now a few
words for those who are hired.

To them we say, befaithfvl. Perform as much labor
as may reasonably be expected from you. Do this
cheerfully. Re as diligent when your employer is ab-
sent as when he is present, lie mindful of his Interests,
as far as they are in your keeping. Waste nothing; —
take good care of tools and stock. Show that you arc
worthy of confidence. This is not duty only, but it is
for jjnur intrrest. Fidelity in these matters, fjrms and
publishes your own character. If you establish a ;:ood
character as a hired man, that chr-racter will in future
years procure for you an increase of wages. Merit of
all kinds brings its reward.

■■\nd it is your duly to do your work in the manner
which your employer directs. Never set up your own
juilgment in opposition to bis. Tours may be the most
correct ; but still, if he so direct, his must be followed.
Where you aro left to act according to your own discre-
tion, then proceed in tbc must economical w.iy possible.
Do for your employer as you would do for yourself: do
as you would be done by. Many of you aro looking
forword to tho time when you sholl become owners of
farms, and when you shall want to hire oihcra. It is
fiir your interest, besides being your duty, lo havo pub.
lie opinion reprove all unfuilhfulness o.i II. e pail of Ihe
employed. Kcsolve — wc soy it to each hired mar. — re-
solve that there shall be no ground fur coinpldiiiiiig that
i/ou arn unfoithful. If your duties are well performed,
your relations to your employer will be much more
agreeable and pleasant. You will find him in moat ca-
ses jusi, if your duties arc all well discharged.

DANGER FROM COLD WATER.

Mr Editor — It may not be worth my while to say
on« word more on the subject of drinking cold water,
although I have a great deal which might be worth at
least a passing notice, whether wrong or right. Your
journal is not a journal of health, and I must not so re-
gard it. And yet I am, on the whole, disposed to make
a single exphination.

You observed in your last, that in speaking of '* injury
and danger" from the use of cold water, vou only re-
ferred lo " severe attacks of pain," such as often "prove
fatal in a short time. " Had I suspected this to be your
meaning, I should not have thought myself called to
write on the subject, although I might not have believed,
as I still do not, that you were entirely correct. The
remarks which I made were made upon the presumption
that yonr repeated expression " no danger ' and the
phrase *' iiono are injured' were used according to the
general acceptation of such phrases and terms. Excuse
me for mis-apprehending your meaning, and believe me,
as ever, Yours, &c. WM. A. ALCOTT.

DedJtam,July3, 1841.

Note. — I will venture to answer your question;
" Will the orcr heat and over fatigue occur, it cold water
is taken with sufficisnt frequency? " by saying that there
is a uae of cold water not uncommon among bard work-
ing farmers which increases the liabili'y to both. But I
will also add that no admixtures of spirit or anything
else with the water, (unless to raise its temperature)
will diminish the liability in the least degree ; the opin-
ion of spirit, cider and beer drinkers to the contrary not-
withstanding.

[tj*Tliere is no occasion for controversy upon iho sub-
ject above referrcil to Our opinion has been freely ex-
pressed, and we very cheerfully insert the opinion of one
better qualified to judge than we are. Our own expres-
sions might very naturally, (perhaps would necessarily)
lead to the inference lliat we hud reference to something
more than speedy and violent effects ; but we had not;
and we did not suppose that any other cITects would be
thought of by our readers. The common newspaper ar-
ticles headed "death from drinking cold water" and
the like, describe the cases of which wo were thinking,
and llie kind of danj;er to which wc had reference.

We have little doubt that many of our laboring peo-
ple drink more than is serviceable to health ; the system
may be gr:idu.illy weakened by continued excess in the
use of even cold water, and yet the haymaker is not, we
think, exposed to sudden death from its use, if he will
hutusa it 80 frequently as iio( to becomt overheated.

As far OS the hcallh of farmers ia intimately connect-
ed wilh the habits th:it prevail among tliem, health is a
perfectly proper topic for discussion in our columns.

Alastachusetts Hortloiiltural Soclotjr.

KXHIBITIU.t or rilVITS.

Saturday, July 3.
From J A. Kcnrick — fine specimens of Bhick Tarta-
rean dierr.es.

From Henry Edwards, Boston — Black Tartarean
Cherries.

Tiom Mr t^kilion, Charlestown — Black Tartarean
Cherries.

From J. F. .Mien, Salem — Black Hamburg Grapes,
and Peaches — both fine specimens.

From Will. Keiirick — .Metliven Castle Strawberries.
For the Coiiiiniltee,

P B. HOVEY, Jr.

/J good sign from the South. — A number of farmers in
the neighborhood of Woodville, Abbeville District, SC,
have formeil an .\^riculturol ('lub, the olije<:t of which
is, to visit tho plariialions of each mi-niher, and see by
practical oh^erv.ition, the different mi'dea of culture, the
moiia(>einenl of stock, the preservation of manure, ami
in fact, to assist each other by advice and experience.

vol,. XX. .\o. I.

A N n H 0 R T I C U L T V R A ]. REGISTER.

THKllMO.MKTlllCAl.

Rrporlril loi lh< Nrw Kntland Katiurr.
R»r>rf-of the riwrni'Mnetcr n( lb« (Jnrdrnaf ili« prtiprioiiirv
of ihr Nrw F.nxlnn.l Kurmrr, llri|{ki.>n, M.im. in » •hudid
Norlllr. ly f>X|><>aiire, \vr»k imdiiil July 4.

UK\ (ll.Vlft'U IIOKItK UAKK

% t iiAui.i;%.

Julj, lS4i. I ».A.M. I 13, M. I 7,P.M. | WidH.

BRIGHTON MARKKT — Mom.at, July 6, 1841.
Vrponril riirllip N'lv Kn{lnn<l K'rinKr.

.\t .Mnrket 300 B«e( Callle, 12 Cows and Calves,
9000 Slico|< and Jli Swine. 00 lioef Cuttlu unsold at
the close ol the market

I'KicEi. — /?««/ Cattle — A lurlher reduction was sub-
mitted to, and \ve af^in reduce our quotations. First
qualitr. $*< 33 a 6 00. Second quality, $5 75 a G UO.
Third' quality, $5 00 a 5 50.

Coirs and CWr«.— Sales, $25, $28, .ind $3.3.

S\f-7).— Lots were sold at $1 75, $C 00, $2 25, $2 33,
$2 62. and $3 00.

ineiite. -Dull. A few old kogs 4 1-4 a 5 1-4. A
■mall lot young pigs nt 6. At niuil from 5 to 7.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT,

Corrected uith great care, MeeA/y.

SEEDS. Herds Gross, very little in market. Red Top,
new seed hv the hag 50 to 35 c. Clover — Northern, 13c.
—Southern, 8 to 9 c. Klax Seed, tl, 37 to I SO hu. Lu-
cerne, 13 c. per 111.

FLOUR. Howard Street ij 37— Genesee S3 23— Ohio
t6 [2.

GRAIN. Corn — Northern Yellow none —Round Yel-
ow 6j— Southern FInt Yellow CO— \Vhilc 64.— R)e—
Northern 60 lo Ci— Southern 50 to 33. Oats— Southern 36

0 33— Northern 33 to 40.

PROVISIONS. Beet— Mess Slo 50 to II 00— Prime
16 50— No. I »9 00. Pork— Extra— 15 00— Clear 14 50—
Mess tl3 00. Hams — Northern 9 c. per Ih — Southern,
lone. I.anl —Boston 9 c per lb. — Southern. 8 to 8 1-2.
jutter— Lump ta to ja- FirKm 12 lo 18— Shipping 8 to 14.

HAY. per Ion. »I8 to 20- Eastern Screwed 814 to 15.

CHEESE— Old II c— News.

EGGS. II a 12.

WOOL — The market for this article has not experienced
nr change of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and there
« hut a limited supply of low Fleeces, and of fine Fleeces the
(lock is alsomo.ierale. Prime or Saionv Fleeces, washed,
:b. 50 to 55 c. — .American full Mood, washed, 47 to 50--Do

1 4 hlood, washed, 4) to 46— Do. 1-2 lilood, washed, 36 to
0 — 1-4 and common do, 35 t(» 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,
0 to 23— Do. unwashed, 10 to 14— Bensjasi Sheep, 8 to lo—

^enos Ayres unpicked, 7 to 10 — Superfine Northern pulled
amb 43 to 46 — No. t do. do. 37 to 42.- No 2 do do 26 to 30
-No 3 do do 13 to 20.

GOOD CUI/TI V'ATORB AT $3 30

The Revolvini; Horse Rake has been in general use in
most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and is found lo
he one of the most useful luhur saving machines now in use.
One man and horse, with a hoy to lead, will rake on an nv-
eratje from 25 lo 30 acres per day with ease, and do the work
( well. There is a great adv.intaEcin this rake overall others,
as the person using it docs not Ifiavc to slop the horse lo un-
load the rake.

For sale at Noa. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by
June 9. JOS. BRECK & CO

GARDEN SISEDS,

For sale by Joseph Bueck & Cc. at the New Englanh
Kar.mer Okfice, No. 51 and 62 Norlli Market SI. Hos
tim. The subscribers would inform the public ihat ihcj
have now on hand the largest collection of seeds ever be-
fore otrere<l by sale in this city, embracing every vnrieiv
of Field, Kitchen, Garden, and Ornamental Flower Seeds
desirable for this or any other Climate.

Our seeds are either raised uuder our own inspection ot
imported from responsible bouses in Europe, and havi.i.;
taken extraordinary pains to obtain such as are pure in.i
genuine, we can confidently recommend them lo ouri'Msio
mcrs and friends, and feel assuied ibey will prove saljslat:-
tory to all who iry them.

Dealers in seeds are requested to forward their orlets m
season. Boxes for retailing from 8dolls. and upwnnls
will be senl out on commission allowing a liberal discouui
and lake back what remain unsold.

Lelters and orders with good reference will meet with
prompt atlcnlioD.

FIELD SEEDS.

Ruia Baga

Ballatine's New Royal do.

White Tankard Turnip.

Red do.

Red Round Cto.

White do.

White Globe do.

Green Round do.

Purple Top Hybrid do.

Buckwheat.

Broom Corn.

Millet.

Buckthorn. > r ,, ,

Locust. \ forHed^-es.

Good Cullivaiors for sale at the New England Agricultu-
al Warehouse, Nos. 51 !£ 52 North Market Sircei, Price
3,50. JOS. BRECK & CO.

Two oair of P
RECK & CO.

FOR SALE

Berkshire and China.

JOSEPH
June 30.

TY« rp CRAIKS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for tye-
iie up Caltle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derby, Esq. of .Salem,
nd Col. Jacoues, for the purpuse of securing cattle lo the'
lall, are found t« be the safest and most conrenient mode
if fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st.

Sugar Beet.

Mangel Wurtzel.

New Red Globe do. ) superior

Yellow do. 5 varieties

Carrol Lon^ Orange.

" Altnngham.

" New Whiteieitra fine
Pumpkin, sorts.
Wheal — various sorts.
Barley, do.
Rye, do.
Potatoes, do.
Indian Corn, do.
Oats, do.

GARDEN SEEDS.
Artichoke, Asparagus, Beans of every description. Beets
of sorts. Borecole, Broecoli, Brussels Sprouts, Culiflower,
Caraway, Celery, of the most improved sorts, Cabbage 20
S'Tts, Carrol, all the varieties, Cucumber do, Cress, Eg"
Plant, Endive, Indian Corn, Kale, Leek, Lettuce in grea't
variety. Melons, do. .Mariynea, Mustard, Nasturtium, Okra,
Union of sorts. Pepper du. Pumpkin do. Parsnp. Parsley'
I'-as, avery great variety, Rhubarb for tans. Radish of sorts'
Salsify, Squash of sorts. Tomato, Turnip 20 varieties. '

SWEET AND POT HERBS.
Thyme. Sweet Basil.

Sweet .Marjorum. Lavender.

^?«- Lemon Balm.

.Summer-savory. Anise.

Medicinal Herbs, &c.

ORNAMENTAL FLOWER SEEDS.

Three hundred varieties, embracing all the finest sort«

Packages of 20 fine sorts for one dollar.

Those who prefer to have their Seeds put up in papers
ready for retail, can be accommodated— each packet neatly
closed and labelled wiih printed directions. Price .=,0 cents
per dozen papers, which are retailed here at 6 1-4 cents each.'

Fruit and ornamental trees, of the greatest variety, sup-
plied at nurseryman's prices, and orders solicited. These
will be packed, when required, to go lo any part of the U
°'«'«- JOSEPH BRECK & CO. '

The Grain Cruill. n, . , , i . . ,, : : ,-., -..ry

general use 111 the iNcw El^liunl Sl.ii.-s, " ImT'' lb. ^y wire
111! of lale but lilile known, although they have been in very
general use in the Southern and Wexteru Slates, for many
years, and which is found to be decidedly the best mode of
liarvestiiig gniin, as it is supposed one man will cradle five
acies ill a day, wbeu he cannot reap more than one. The
ililference in gathering a crop is so much in favor of cradlcing,
that we must suppose that it will be the only moile adopted
herealler, and the grain cradle will become of as much use,
as an implement of husbandry, ns the plow now is.

There nas been a very great improvemtiit in the manufac-
turing ol tins article, ihey are now made on the most im-
proved plan ; tl-e scythe is well secureil and finished in a
superior manner and maile of the best cast steel.

For sale at t^.e N. E. Agricultural Warenouse and .Seed
Store, Nos. 61 and 52 North Market street. JOSEPH
BRECK & CO. June 30

AGRICUL.Tl'RAI. IMPLEMENTS, *o.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 52 North Market atrect,
would inform iheir rusiomers and the public ijenerally that
they have on hand llie most extensive as.«ortinenl of Agri-
culluial and Horticultural l^ools to be found m the United
States. Part of which arc the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

too doz

Cast Steel Shovela

Iron Ploughs.

150 "

Common do.

300 Common do. do.

too "

Spades.
Grass Scythes.

200 Cultivators.

500 "

too Greene's Straw Cutters.

30(1 "

Patent Snaiths.

60 Willis' do. do.

200 "

Common do.

too Common do. do.

.InO "

Hav Rake..

UiO Willis' Patent Corn

200 "

Garden do.

Shellers.

200 "

Manure Forks.

50 Common do do.

300 "

Hay do.

2oO Willis' Seed Sowers.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

60 " Vegetable Cullers.

100 "

Truck do.

50 Common do. do.

100

Draft do

200 Hand Corn Mills.

61)0

Tie up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

50 doz

Halter do.

100 Ox Yokes.

lOOO.yards Fence do.

1500 Doz- Scvihe Stones.

25 Grind Stones on rollers.

3000 '■ Auslm's Rifles.

March 17.

bAOrO.METERS.

Just received al the New England Agricultural Ware-
house, No. 61 and 52, North Market St., a few sets of L«e-
lomclers, for testing the quality of milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

DAHLIA POLES.

500 dozens of Dahlia and Bean Poles. Also, 2000 feet
of Ladders, 16 to 40 feel in length, for sale by MOSES
FRENCH, Jb., Maine wharf, Broad si. near the holtnm of
Summer st. 6w June 3

DURHAM C(>\« FOR SALE.

A young full blooded Durham Cow and her calf— a Terr
desirable animal in every particular. Apply to EDWARD
TlTCOMB,Ja., Newburyport. Mays

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Jl'l.Y 7, 1841.

MISCELLANfOUS.

A BLAST FROM THE "P. D."!
A paper called the " Pulriot and Democrat,"
which linils from "Roxbury and Dcdham," has
copied ouii " Wellerisms" and piven us no credit
for thorn. This is the height of meanness, if not
the depth of depravity ; and if the perpetrators of
this kind of "petty larceny" do not mend their
wavs, wc shall call upon "Dow, Jr." to preach
them a lecture upon their " besetting sin." — Our
" Combativcness" — in phrenological parlance — is
"small" — but we would f;o as far out of our way
to kick one of these ffllowg, as John Randolph said
he would to kick a sheep ! — We have all sorts of
resppcl for the editorial fraternity, but we will not
permit themi to take a grist from our mill without
piving us the customary toll for grinding it: — in
thi.s determination we are fixed. — Culprits ! am'l
you ashnmeil to cheat the poor "P. D." out of his
just dues in this way! Suppose he should sulTer
his genius!.' to slumber, where then would you
get the gems of thought with which to spice your
otherwise insipid pages!!! — ffe have "reserved
rights," recoiled, as well as you ; and we mm/,
when forbearance has ceased to be a virtue, throw
ourself upon them — and if wc are forced to thi.s,
somtbodtj will suffer — that's certain ! ! ! — Wc are
blessed with luore than an ordinary share of good
nature, but there is also a sprinkling of us opposite
in our composition — and when that is excited, we
are all of a hornet's nest — an article which it is
the part of wisdom to avoid meddling with!! —
Enough said : we have " defined our position" —
we can maintain it — and by Jupiter wo win, ! ! !

" Thrice is he armid who hath his quarrel just."

Mr Editor, if you will allow the above to fill an
unoccupied corner of your "miscellaneous" page,
the undersigned will consider himself under new
obligations to be

Your servant at command,

N. E. F.'s " P. D."

From the New V'ork Mercury.
A SHORT PATENT SERMON

ON IDLEXF.SS.

I have selected the following words as a text for
my present discourse : —

Thus at full length the pampprcd monarch lay.
Flattening in ease and slumbering lifii away.

.\}y Hearers : notwithstanding that Industry,
with her bran new broom, has swept ten thousand
evils into the dust pan of oblivion, still if we look
into the dark corners of this wide world, we shall
find that the cobwebs of sloth, large and strong
enough to entangle turkey buzzard.s, are yet hang"-
ing there, obscuring the few feeble rays of entPr-
prise that yet glimmer in those benighted region-.
The three-story Patagonian of the south wallows
in the mire of indolence, and grows fat upon the
grave of ignorance ; the Lilliputian Laplander of
the North lolls in laziness, and willingly puts up
with the cold porridge of poverty ; the fesmeared
Hottentot of the East snoozes in his mud-built hut,
careless of tomorrow's fare, and content to feed
with the crumbs that fall from some Blray angel's
bread. But, my friends, while these half finished
hiiserable models of humanity are thus slumbering
amid the stupefying vapors of ease, I want you to

reflect upon what a sad condition their poor souls
are in. Tneir thoughts never are thrust beyond
the filthy circle of some selfish desire — their hearts
lie soaking in the gastric fluid of their stomachs —
their understandings are darker than the catecombs
of Egypt — and their codes of morals are made up
of nature's loose leaves, barely stuck together with
the thin paste of instinct.

My dear friends — sloth is not wholly confined to
the gloomy arena of heatheni.sm. It often lies at
the door of enlightment, and rubs ita slime upon the i
silken frock of refinement. I have seen it strew
the parlors of the rich with sleepy poppies, and
surround the poor man's cottage with noxiobs
weeds. I have seen it take all the stiffening out
of the stoutest energies of man, and cover youth- 1
ful ambition with the blue mould of morbidity ; I
have seen it so f.isten itself upon the back of the
the sluggish traveller as to prevent him from mov-
ing from the track when the railroad car of death
was hard upon his heels ; and I have even seen
people lie down and roll into their graves, like a
lifeless log, too lazy to exert themselves in their
own behalf: and I expect that when the last trump
shall arouse them from their sepulchral slumbers,
they will raise themselves upon their elbows, and
growl like a dog with a sore foot because they
have been disturbed so soon. When 1 pass by a
country farm-house and find old Imts, coats and
breeches stuffed in at the windows, I know that the
god of indolence is lounging there, in the midst of
want, wo, and poverty — that the lank children of
necessity are there running up to seed in the shade
of neglect, unmoistened by the dews of moral in-
struction. I also know that idleness is pampered
by the pap of excessive wealth, and that where
riches abundantly abound, the tares of sloth are
yielding a bountiful harvest. Lazy fogs surround
the head of him whom lucre has lulled to drowsi-
ness, and he knows not how to shake off" the leth-
argic incubus which sits upon its breast, and sticks
faster than a blood-sucker, to a dead cat-fish.
He eats, drinks and sleeps for the sake of diverting
his attention from the lumbering wheels of Time
that roll heavily by ; and in the midst of his self-
styled ease, there are no such convenient articles
as peace and happiness to be found. Why, my
friends, I have known men of wealth and respecta-
bility, whose physical faculties had become so
paralyzed with indolence that it would require ex-
tra high pressure fever and ague to bring their
muscles into active service. Ves, my dear hearers,
I say I have seen such men ; and one good chimney
sweep is worth more in a well regulated and in-
dustrious community, than as many such aa could
be packed between the eastern cape of Africa and
the outskirts of eternity.

O, my friends ! I regret to say that idleness has
(if late become a fashionable accomplishment with
too large a portion of our young population.
Employment is getting to be thought vulgar, and
a toil-hardened hand not fit to be otfered for the
acceptance of ihe fair sex. Give me a hard hand,
a hard head, and a soft heart; but instead of
which, soft hands, soft heads, and hard hearts, are
now all the go in what the dispeptic pimps of eti-
quette call the beau mondc. 'I'lie caterpillers of
shuh are making great havoc in our neglected
juvenile nurseries. 'I'hey are stripping the young
shrubs of promi.Hc; of their greenest foliage, and
blightning the buds of enlbrprise as fast as they
appear. If matters go on in this way much longer
the rising generation will soon become fit for noth-

ing but to be hung up as scare crows in the moral
grain fields to frighten young men into habits ol
industry. Those who subsist, like wood-cocks, by
suction, and wet their brazen brows with arlificia
sweat, are too numerous to mention. They ar(
thicker than toads after a shower: they infest oui
public bar-rooms, and block up the avenues to pros
pertiy. It requires a more powerful galvanic bat
tery than I possess to reanimate their dying car
casscs and set their dormant faculties in a health)
operation.

Arouse ye ! arouse ye I ye sin-soaked sons o
sloth, and, with your hands, lay the corner stone;
of your respective fortunes. Sow the seeds of in
dustry in the days of your youth, and you
have the satisfaction of reaping a glorious harves
of plenty in the autumn of life. If you ever Ihinl
of erecting for yourselves splendid temples of fami
you must strip ambition of its robes of vanity, an(
commence the work forthwith. If you fall aslee]
when the edifice is half completed, the chances ar'
ten to one that when you awake you will find
crushed to earth, and its ruins overgrown with thi
grey moss of despair. O, my friends ! ytm mus
be up and doing, if you wish to prosper in this pre
carious world. Just keep on squandering li(e'
blessed moments in the indulgence of sluggis
dreams, and if you don't eventually slide int
eternity shirtlesF, shiftless and shoeless, then us
my hat for a spit-box, and set me down as one c
the humbugs of the age. But industry, my hear
ers, can clothe the tattered mendicant in scarle
and purple, and patch up the broken windows c
want with the aid of that putty which abidelh foi
ever. Heaven hugs to its bosom the honest an
the industrious of the sons of earth — and rocks th
cradle of repose, where slumber the children (
daily toil. Let us work while we live — and go t
our long homes with the satisfaction of liavin
done our duty to our Maker, to onr neighbor, an
to ourselves. So mote it be ! Dow, Jr.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just recoiled t)y Packet CorouianHa,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale hy J. BRECK t CC
No. 52 North Market !>t. AprilSI

VOR SA.L.K.

GEORGE THE THIIID, who has been honored with 1
Second an<t First Slate premunis in IS39, at Worcester, ai
at Concord in 18tn, hy the Committees appointed hy li
State, for awardine such premiums, is of Durham Breed, w
im|Hjrted as most sup<>rior stock, and is thought by judg
Ifi possess more valuahle points, than any to be found in ai
other animal of the kind.

Also, two young P.ulls, Sired hy the above, their Dams a
uiiporteJ una of the licst possilde hlootl.

For further information apply to CHARLES WI
LARD 2d, Still River Village, Harvard. 4w June 2

GRINDSTONES.

An eilensivc assortment of Water and Hand Grindstor
conslnnllv on h:ind and for tale l.y AMMl C. LOMBAI
&. CO. 13 I.cwiss Wharf. i-ly. Not. 17.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLT PAPER.

The EditnrinI department nl'tl, Ik paper having cnr

ro the hands of the subscriher, ho is now authoriz

j hy tlio publishers to inform the public that the price

Ihe pnpci 1,4 reduced. In future the terms will be ;

per year in adronce, ut £2 00 if not pnid within thir

duys. AI.LEN PUTNAM.

N. B. — PoptniBstcrs are required by law to frank

sobscriptiiins nnd reniillances for newspaperi, witho

expense to subucriberK.

AND H O U T I (' U L T U R A L II E (i I S T E R .

PUULISHBD BV JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. BS NOBTH MARKKT STREKT, (Aoiiicultdrai WAi(HOi;it.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, UKDNKSOAY EVKNINO, JULY II, 1811.

N. E. FARMER.

For the N. E. Knrinor.

THE GAP IN THE WALL.

Ilonr niiicli nion<!y has been thrown nnay in sup-
porlinp a lawsuit for the grnliticalion of pnstsion !
and how iiiativ intrilorious hearts would Imvc been
gladilenrd hnd (his sum been distribiiled amon^r
the needy and suflVrinj ! Vet, it is not the piirso
that is alone affected, but the mind and murals
s'ltTcr no inconsiderable detriment in consequence
ol' a contmtion ki-pt up with such virulence and
angry feelinjr. I would that my brother farmers
keep clear of litijjation. Surely there is no diffi-
culty in so doing We can manage our teams as
we wish, and make them yield submissively and
obedi' ntly to our direction. The card, the curry-
comb, the goad-stick, and lash, are familiar instru-
ments in our hands, und it is seldom that we use
them indisrrectly. Our cattle go and come at our
command, and beco le as fond of us as our very
watchdog. ihis shows with what facility we
may educate a dumb animal hy a judicious course,
and by perseverance. Have we a fiery, wild and
restless gelding, we boast of our tact in taming
him and reducing him to soberness and use. Thus,
■we tell of the ipiportance of sometimes drawing
hard upon the curb, and withholding the spur; then
again, of giving a slack rein, and guiding aright
the inclination. Here the bump of self-esteem is
signally developed in us and we seem to imagine
that, in these matters, cur prowess would entitle us
to a peiiersl's command. Very well ; but why
does tiiis generalship forsake Urf, as soon as we are
called upon to turn our forces within, and train
and manage our tiiirning passions? It might rea-
sonably be supp.ised that the very business and
professiv'n of an agriculturist would tend to in-
quietuile and a distaste for combativencss, fto use
the fasliionuble language,) that any ruffling of the
mind would be hut momentary, and that reason and
discretion would ever predominate. But yet, we
believe, that such an even tenor of thought and of
action belongs no more to the husbandman, whose
way, indeed, is among the gentle breezes, the purl-
ing streams, the odorous herbage and the peaceful
flocks, than to any oliier class of our fellow men.
At lea.st, It wil; appear so by the little story that
follows, which I have thought might be somewhat
amusinir, if not instructive to the readers of the N.
E. Farmer. Indeed, look which way you will up-
on the busy world, enough may be discovered to
show the npcessity of an ability in man strictly and
resolutely to govern himself.

Coulter and Trenchall were farmers and neigh-
bors owning adjoining lands. Their ancestors

were uimmg the lirst settlers of the town of F ,

and their families had, for a leng'h of years, inani-
festeu a iuvo of sicial intercourse towards each
other, without interruption. There was a perfect
understanding and a reciprocity of kind and oblig-
ing demeanor between these industrious yeomen ;
an inliTchangc of business and various kind offices

j in the way of their vocation. For instance, the
I men would change works for convenience and ac-
1 cummodation, agreeably to Yankee cu.-tom ; and
I the women would change milks, as it is called, in
I their dairy affairs. Their sonn and their daugh-
ters intermingled in the innocent recreations and
I amusements of the neighborhood, and it was said
by the gossips tliat Ciipii! had been very industri-
I ous among them in more cases than one ; and that.
' no doubt. Hymen would, ere long, bo that way,
I with yoke and bow-pin, in the ollicial c.\prcise of
his daties. So stood the Coulters and the Treiich-
; alls with respect to each other, when one single
I mishap brought ruin and overthrow to all their
1 pleasant associations and interesting calrulations.
Or, as old t'apt. Whiteacre, in farmer technicals,
lo-vpressed it, "tippM up their apple-cart, broke
their gearing, and unhorsed all their sociable incli-
I nations 1"

A stout ftone wall marked nut the long line of
division between tho homesteads, of these two no-
table cultivators of the goil. In the centre of this
wall, from end to end, was placed by the parlies a
reddish stone of considerable size; thus showing
at once each one's particular portion of the divi-
sion, the whole of which had been erected by
joint labor and expense. "One night, one fatal
night," when the rich corn was in the ear, and the
farmer's hopes were on tijitoe, some evil-minded
varlet, for mischicrs sake, displaced the red stone,
and, as it tumbled into the field, others followed,
making a breach sufficient for Trenchall's large
stock of cattle to pass through, which they did, and
made dreadful havoc of Coulter's beautiful corn-
field 1 It was not discovered till the depredators
had become glutted with feasting, and had laid
down to rest amidst the ruins. " What a kettle of
fish is here!" exclaimed Capt. Whiteacre, when
first he beheld it. And indeed it was a most sorry
spectacle. Coulter, when he came to witness it,
seemed to lose all sense of reason and propriety.
He was out upon Tronchall, like a raving wolf and
madman. And in his turn, the latter retorted with
unjustifiable rage and violence. In their e.\treine
of passion each had committed himself by making
base charges and severe and cutting insinuations
against the other. Away went Coulter and away
went Trenchall for law; while their foolish and
imprudent families also joined in the turmoil, and
kept their tongues upon the wag, instead of "hold-
ing on upon the slack," as Whiteacre advised them
by all means, to do.

Reader, I believe it is not the case that every
lawyer keeps a shower-bath to cool the passions of
his clients, when they hastily resort to him for ad-
vice. It might bo supposed that counsel in this
instance, would pause, and seek for evidence against
defendant. Perhaps he did so ; but "the blessed
uncertainty of the law," you know, always cries "go
' ahead I" and there is generally so much of blind-
fold in these matters, that the first clear sight the
parlies get, is a, peep through the "little end of the
horn." So Coulter got his writ, of course, which
I was served upon his antagonist. And thus the

nail was clinched forever against all friendship and
reconciliation.

It is one thing to commence a lawsuit and drive
the entering wedge, and another to maintain it, as
was now found by those concerned. Had 'Sipiirc
Reason and 'Squire Pnt'ltncc been couns.-! for the
parties in this afTuir, insteid of Gahlile and Drnhbil,
the suit would have been but of short duratlun ; or
rather would, probably, never have existed. As it
was, protraction seemed to be the main object. It
stood upon the docket from court to court and term
nfler term, till the delay of the case of the Red
Stime, or Gap in the Wall, became proverbial ; the
bill of costs, with its accumulated items, was look-
ing fiightful ! and Coulter, taking the advice of an
honest old friend of the bar, in order to save as
much of his bacon as he could, became nonattil, or
as we plough-joggers should phrase it, backed out.
The reader now, perhaps, will inquire, why was
this, after having begun so earnestly ? The an-
swer i.s, that "the race is not always to the swit^,
nor the battle to the stnmg ;" more especially when
those qualities are but imaginary. "Law is as
nice as a new laid egg," says the facetious Ste-
vens, "and addle headed people should mind how
they get into it." This case verified the sayino ;
for it had very peculiar points in it, wherewith ns.
tute and sagacious lawyers were somewhat puzzled.
The division line of the fence was exactly throuTh
the centre of the red stone, and the breach was
equal on both sides. Thus the parties stood alike
as to the fence. But the people made common
cause of it, and all became lawyers and advisers,
as is too apt to be the case. " Never give it up,
Coulter, the law is all on your side," says one lot
of busybodies ; "Hold on like buckram! the law
will give you the case, Trenchall," cries another.
All which was highly blamable, though "very fre-
quent and common," says Capt. Whiteacre, " amoni'
those people who are fond of running their noses
into other men's affairs."

"They will never hitch their horses together
again," said farmer Wiiiteacre, one day, when con-
versing on the subject, "for Coulter is as stiff as a
plough-beam, and Trenchall is unbendable as a
crow-bar." And so indeed it turned out; for the
breach in the wall had made an irreparable breach
of tViendship and all neighborly intercourse be-
uveen the families. Surly and sullen was every
movement whenever they came in contact That
cheerful morning hail towards each other, which
neighboring farmers are accustomed to, was never
after heard. The young people ceased their plea-
sant associations ; the changing of works was done ;
ilie dairy women looked awry toward each other,
and the very milk secnied to turn sour more often
than formerly ! O! "how great a matter a little
fire kindleth !" Could they hold out.= Could
they abide long in such ill, unsocial humor ? They
did for two long years, when Coulter, having an
excellent offer for his farm, sold out, and pulled up
stakes for Kentucky, where he located himself on
a first rate soil, and was prosperous and happy,
and his sons are now industrious, wcaltliy and re-
spectable farmers. Still, " he was a. base villain

10

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JULT 14. |s4l.

who ciiised the Gap in the Wall," said farmer
Whiteacro. EVELYN.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
The Committee on Kruiis recommend the follow.
u\g premiums to be awarded for the cn.suing- year.

Apples. — For the best Summer apples, not less
than one dozen, a premium of
For tlio best Autumn do. do. do.
For the best Winter do. do. do.
Pears. — For the best Summer pears, not loss
than one dozen, a premitun of
For the best Autuuin do. do. do.
For the best Winter do. do. do.
Cherries. — For the best cherries, not loss than
one quart, a premium of
Next best, do. do. do.
Peaches. — For the best peaches, open culture,
not less than one dozen, a premium of
Best do. under gfiass.
For the second best open culture.
Plums. — For the best plums, not less than one
quart, a premium of
Next best,
Grapes. — For the best foreign grapes, under
glass, a premium of
Best do. do. oj)cn culture.

Best native do.
Apricots. — For the best apricots, not less than
one dozen, a premium of

jVectarines For the best nectarines, not less

than one dozen, a premium of
Quinces. — For the best quinces, not less than
one dozen, a premium of

Gooseberrita For the best gooscbefries, not

less than one quart, a preinium of
Raspberries. — For the beat mspberriea, not less

than one quart, a premium of
Strawberries. — For the best strawberries, not
less than one quait, a premium of
Next best do. do. do.
Currants. — For the best currants, not leBs than

one quart, a premium of
Melons. — For the largest and best water melon,
a premium of
For the largest and best musk melon,
.Mso the i'urlhor sum of twentyfive dollars, to
be awarded in gratuities —

$150

K'ells Premium^

The committee also offer the Wells Premiums
for apples, the produce of seedling trees, which
Hhall have boon brought into notice since the year
1829.

For the best shimmer apples, as above, not
lews than one dozen, a premium of $2.%

For the best autumn apples, as above, not
leas than one dozen, a premium of 25

For the best winter apples, as above, not less
than one dozen, a premium of 25

Premiums to be awarded to the members of the
Society only ; and where the claims are not of suf-
ficient merit no premium will be awarded. This
will be strictly adhered to, particularly in regard
to the Wells premiums, where no premium should
be awarded but in full evidence of its superiority
»ver Bomo well known fruit of the season.

BENJ. V. FRENCH, Chairman.

Boston, June V.>, 1841.

PRE.\nUMS FOR VEGETABLES.
The Committee on Vegetables would recommend

the following premiums for 1841 :

For Asparagus — earliest and be^^t four bunches, $5
' Beans — Large Lima, best two quarts, 3
' Cauliflowers — finest four heads, 3
' Broccoli — finest four heads, 3
' Celery — finest twelve roots, 4
' Corn — finest and earliest dozen, 3
' Cucumbers — best pair hefore the first Sat-
urday in June, 5
' Lettuce — finest and earliest six heads, 3
' Pens — earliest and best peck, 5
' Potatoes — earliest peck, 5
' Rhubarb — finest 12 spears, ,5
' Squashes — finest of the season, 3
' Brussels Sprouts — finest, y

$50

The Committee would say that the premiums
lierctoforc oflTered for various other articles have
been withdrawn, as there were so few specimens
offered. The Committee will also give gratuities
for specimens of any new or valuable kinds.

SAM'L POND, Chairman.

April ii, 1841.

(XT^eJOO PREMIUM.

At a meeting of the .Massachusetts Horticultural
Society, held June 19th, 1841 —

Voted, That llie Society offer a premium of ooe
hundred dollars for a successful mode of destroy-
ing the ('urculio.

Mr Haggerstofl stated that he was authorized to
oflFer the like sura of one hundred dollars for said
object.

Voted, to accept for said purpose, the liberal
offer made through Mr H., and that the whole sub-
ject be under the direction of the Fruit Committee.
Attest, E. M. RICHARDS, Rec. Sec'ry.

ers of men, and to destroy their constitutions; and
it makes one sick at heart to notice the direful rava-
ges of these practices upon the energy and health
of ciiiniiiunity. The lovely and beautiful are al-
most every where pointed out as the victims of
disease. The noble youth, fired by laudable am-
bition, after a series of preparations, just as he is
about to enter the field of usefulness, where he
would be the pride of his friends and an ornament
to his country, is stricken down by some fatal mala-
dy. But it is not because "death loves a shining
mark," that such fearful inroads aie thus made up-
on nature's elit*, but it is because, under the influ-
ence of our degenerating habits, powerful minds
are not lodged in bodies suitable to sustain their
operations.

\V e, as a people, are constantly violating the
plain and obvious indications of nature, by using
improper food improperly prepared, unsuitable
clothing miserably adjusted, and in a thousand
other ways. But nature is not thus to be tnfli-d
with with impunity ; she may be tardy to inflict
penalties for her violated laws, but she is sure and
inexorable. — Gardiner Spertalor.

PHYSICAL DEGENERACY.

The article upon this subject on the first page,
from the N. E. Farmer, we find in the Maine Far-
mer, accompanied by bouic excellent remarks by
the editor of that paper.

In these days of improvement, nothing cries
louder for reform than physical education. The
evils arising from the habits and fashions of com-
munity in respect to physical training, do indeed
strike at the foundation of our moral and political
institutions; tiiey are fast making us an effeminate,
luxurious and sickly people; and we can no more
expect to find strong, efficient minds, capable of
contendinir successfully with ignorance and error,
in effeminate and sickly bodies, thin we can hope
to sec powerful, athletic bodies, which are sustam-
cd by iusuflicient and innutritious food. History
affords us numerous exnrnplcs that the moral and
intellectual powers of nations and individuals arc
strong in proportion to the soundness of their phy-
sical condition, other things being the same. Tlie
ancients were aware of this, and modelled their in-
stitutions with direct reference to the motto, "mens
Sana in corpore sano" — a sound mind in n sound
body.

But in these days of physical degeneracy, it is
truly appalling to look abroad on society and ob-
serve the numerous engines of destruction which
under the influence of habit, fashion and indul
grncc, ure ojierating to break down the bodily pow

From the Farmer's Cslinct.

BLIGHT— MILDEW.
I have been a pood deal interested in looking
over Col, Su'ilh'.s article in the last number of the
Cabinet, and would before this have said so, if an
unusual press of business had not deprived me of
the necessary leisure.

The wheat crops of the middle stales have of
latter years become so precarious, that every ra-
tional suggestion as the cause and remedy, do-
serves the attention of the farmer. Our wheat
and rye and Indian corn, constitute, emphaiically,
the staff of life ; and when there is so widely ex-
tended a failure as there was of the rye in 18.")(),
and so serious an one as there has several times
been more recently of wheat, every person who
finds his garners empty when he had hoped to have
them well filled, feels that the subject comes homo
to his own individual interest and comfort, in a
manner that is of no trifling consequence.

Col. Smith thinks that the growth of grass in
our wheat fields, is the great cause of the mildew
which so frequently and so suddenly prostrates the
hopes of the farmer. He talks of the "elements
of vegetable vigor and vitality" — the " elaboration"
of sap to the grain — and the difference of tempe-
rature between the soil covered with a coat of
grass and that which is exposed to the sun, &c.
Now all this I don't profess to understand much
about, being a plain mntter-of-fact man, and litc-
! rally eating my bread in the sweat of my face : but
I acknowledge 1 have so many and strong old-
j fashioned partialities in favor of sowing grass seeds
. over our fields of winter grain, that I am reluctant
I to yield it to any theory, unless It shall be susliiin-
I ed by generally acknowledged larts. Now, I put
it to every man who has raised wheat or rye for
the last dozen years — what has been his oxperi-
j cnce .'

j Last season, and in the harvest of 1829, we all
^ know there were extensive failures of the wheat
crop, owing to the depredations of the fly and the
prevalence of mildews. In 18.'59, my wheat — be-
tween the first and last sowing of which in the au-
tumn of 1838, there was a difference of tenor
twelve days — was all exceedingly injured by the

TOl.. XI. ^O. «.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T u R A L R E C. I S T E R .

II

nuldcws. 'I'lio carln'st snwii, liowfu'r, w«a deci-
dcdly llio boat; it woa «ll sown wiili clover and
tiiiiudiy in llie apring. Tho lowest nnd bcsl ground i
had boon ihc oirlipsit sown wjdi wheal ; it was the !
best adaplod to tho growth of grass ; and tlicro !
was, accordingly, a much nii>ro jiixiiriant coal in 1
that part at harvest, than llicrc nnii in the higher |
and liirhler part of the field. The coat of grass, j
then, could nut Jiavo caused the mildews in the
higher and lighter part of the field ; not did il np- !
pircntly increase il in the lower part. The same
obnervations would apply to my wheat liiiil season : '
I hail two lots, the soil of which was heavy nnd
rtUier Low, but well adapted to grass : at harvest, '
the grass in these lots was luxuriant, while in the :
higher groutid — and every body knows that our
dry lands in Jersey are not very favorable to the ,
growlli of grass — had very little grass scattered I
over il : llio wheat here was almost worthless,'
while tlial which wls standing with a fine coat of
gru.-i was goc.d. I believe tlie secret in both yenrs
was ill the early sowing of the wheat, the first be-
ing pill in about the 5tli, and the residue finished
both seasons about the QOlJi of 10th month.

Have I already taken up loo much room, or shall
I remark in passing, that both last year and the
year before I had two or three acres of Italian
•pring wheat ; both lots were sown on the 1st day
of the 4ih month, and clover and timothy sown at
the same time : they were both in good order, nnd
at harvest the coating of grass was every thing I
wished it to be. The crop in IS'SO yielded a liitle
more than twenty bushels per sere of fine, plump
grain, nnd the straw was yellow, bright and clean,
as coulil well be imagined : last year the yield
was but eight bushels per aero of miserable grain;
the straw was covered with mildew, and a great
deal of it destroyed by that other pest, the Hessian

Should I live to sow wheat again, I will put it
in early; and if my good friend, the Colonel, will
?xcuse my obstinacy, I don't mean yet to forego
the scattering abroad my grass seed, with a liberal
hand, over my grain fields. Z. Y.

G'ouctster Co., A*. /.

GRAFTING.

Formerly it was asserted that roses became
black when grafted on black currants, and oranges
crimson, if worked on the pomegranate. In point
of fact, tho operations are successful in those ca-
«C3 only where the stock and scion are very near-
ly allied ; and the degree of success is in propor-
tion lo tho degree of affinity. Thus, varieties of
the same species unite the moEt freely ; then spe-
cies of the same genus ; then genera of the same
natural order; beyond which the power does not
lextend, unless in the case of parasites, like the
mistletoe, which grow indifferently upon totally
idifferenl plants. For instance, pears work freely
upon peats, very well on quinces, less willingly on
apples or thorns, and not at all upon plums or cher-
ries; while the lilac will take on the ash, and the
alive on the phillyrca, because they are plants of
thc.»;aiie natural order. M. DeCandollo even says
ic has tucceeded, notwithstanding the great dif-
ference in their vegetation, to work the lilnc on the
ahillyr.ca, the olive on tlie ash, and the bignonia
mdicrns on the catalpa ; but plants so obtained,
ire very sborl-lived.

Mr Knight was the first to show the possibility
if frdfting SCL9I18 upon roots. An account of his

niolluiil iif doing tins wuh given iit a very early po-
nnd of the e.Mslcnco of Iho Ilorticiiltnral Society, I
(June, 1811,) and he at tho same time suggested
the possibility of the practice being applied (o >
grntting scarce herbaceous plants upon tho roots j
of their commoner congeners; nn opcriition now!
commonly practised with tho dahlia, pn'ony, nnd
other plants of a similar kind ; nnd lately n method <
of multiplying combretum purpurcum by similar
means, has beon pointed out in the proceedings of,
the Ilorliciiltiiral Society. I

Mere propagation is, however, by no means llic I
only object of the graller : another, and still more I
important one is, to secure a permanent union be-
twcen the scion and stock, so that the new plant
may grow as freely nnd us long as if it were on
its own boitom, under the most favorable circum-
stances. If this is not attended to, the hopes of
the cultivator will be frustrated, by the early death
of his plant.

Whenever the stock and graft or bud arc not
perfectly suited to each other, an enlargement is
well known always lo take place at the point of
their junction, and generally to some extent, either
nbove or below it. This is particularly observable
in peach trees which have been budded at any
considerable height from the ground, upon plum
stocks ; and it appears to arise from the obstruc-
tion which the descending sap of the peach tree
meets with in the bark of the plum stock; for the
effects produced, both upon the growth and pro-
duce of the tree, are similar to those which occur
when the descent of the sap is impeded by a liga-
ture, or by the destruction of a circle of bark. In
course of time this difference between the scion
and stock puts an end to the possibility of the as-
cending or descending fluids passing into each
other, and the death of the scion is the result. In
all the cases I have seen, this has arisen from the
power of horizontal growth in the stock and scion
being different; and I doubt whether it ever pro-
ceeds from any other cause. For example : the
hawthorn and the pear are so nearly allied, that
the latter may be easily worked upon the former;
the hawthorn, however, is a slow growing bush, or
small tree — the pear is a large forest tree of rapid
growth ; and the pear will grow an inch in diame-
ter while the hawthorn is growing half.aii inch. —
LindUy's Theory of Horticuttvre.

EXHAUSTION OF SOIL.
It is not by mere exhaustion that potted plants
render the soil unfit for their support. B^ery one
kuowe that the soil of a farm will not bear, year
after year, the same kind of crop, but that one kind
of produce is cultivated on a piece of ground one
year, and is succeeded by some other kind ; which
practice, in part, constitutes the important system
of rotation of crops. Not, however, tc refer to
matters extra-horticultural, it (s notorious that an
apple orchard will not immediately succeed upon
the site of an old orchard of the same kind of fruit,
and that no amount of manuring will enable it to
succeed : a wall border in which fruit trees have
been long grown, becomes at last insensible to ma-
nure, and requires to be renewed ; and not to
dwell upon an undisputed fact, dahlias do not like
the soil in which dahlias were grown the previous
year. This class of phenomena cannot be explain-
ed upon the principle of soil being exhausted, be-
cause that exhauftion is made good and yet to no
purpose, unless we assume that land contains
something mineral, wliich each species prefer to

feed on, and which ii not contained in manure. —
Ibid.

UKANCHES MADF. FRUITFUI.nV RINGING.
If the sterile branch of a tree is ringed, it ceaa-
es lo be sterile ; nnd this con only bo accounted
for upon the supposition that the secreted iiinlter
of the brnnch, instead of being conveyed away into
tho trunk and roots, is stopped by the annular in-
cision, above which il is conipelled to accumulate.
If B tree that is unproductive bo transplanted, it
begins to bear: in this case the operation injurca
its roots, Bop is therefore less abundantly supplied
in the succeeding season to the leaves ; the leaves
are therefore less able to grow than they previous-
ly were, and they consequently do not consume
the nutritious matter lying in the branches, and
which they would have expended, had lliey beerj
able to grow with their former vigor; hence the
nutritious matter accumulates, and flower buds ar«
formed. — Ibid.

CANKER.
Mr Reid, of Balcarras, has shown that one of
the causes of canker nnd immature fruit, even in
orchards, is the coldness of the soil. He found
that in a cankered orchard, the roots of the trees
had entered the earth to tho depth of three feet;
and he also ascertained that during tho summer
months, the average heat of the soil at six inches
below the surface, was GI degrees ; at nine iiichen,
."i? degrees ; at eighteen inches, .50 degrees; and
at three feet, 44 degrees. He took measures to
confine tho roots to the soil near the surface, and
the consequence was, the ('isappearanco of canker
and ripening of the fruit. — Ibid.

TRANSPLANTING.
I agree with Mr Macnab, that the earliest time
at which planting can be cfTected, is upon th«
whole the best; a conclusion to which he has come
from his extensive practice, in which my own ob-
servation of a great deal of planting for the last
twentyfive yoara coincides, and which is in all re-
spects conformable to theory. As soon as a plant
has shed its leaves, it is as much at rest for iht
season as it will be at any subsequent period, un-
less it is frozen ; its torpor, indeed, is greater at
that time, because its excitability is completely ex-
hausted by the season of growth, and it has had
no time to recover it. If at that time a root is
wounded, a process of granulation or cicatrisation
will commence, just as it docs in cuttings ; and
from that granulation roots will eventually pro-
ceed. Now it is obvious that since roots must bo
wounded in the process of transplantation, the
sooner the wound is made the better, because it
has the longer time in which lo heal ; and there-
fore the earlier in the autumn transplanting is ef-
fected, the less injury will be sustained by the
plant submitted to the process : in the technical
language of the gardener, " it has more time to
establish itself." — Ibid.

Grapery an a large scale. Nicholas Biddic, it
is said, has a grapery on his farm on the banks of
the S-huylkill, wliich cost him one hundred thou-
sand dollars. The finest of all European grapes
are produced there every month in the year.

Tho best protection against drought that can be
conveniently practiced lo a great extent, is fre-
quently stirring the earth, so as to keep it light
and loose.

1-2

N E WT E N G L A N D FARMER

jri.Y 14. IS41

ON MANURES, THEIR NATURE AND AP-
PLICAl ION.

We give the name of niuniire to til substances
which are applied to land for the purpose of in-
creasing the crops we intend to cultivate, and »e
are satistli'd that, by the ii[)plicatJon of manures to
our land, "jrealer crops are produced, until the
strength of the manure be ethausled ; and then we
apply anotlier (luanlily to keep up its productive-
ness, without even inquiring; into the nature of the
manure which we apply, or tlie way in which it pro-
duces these effucts on tlie soil.

The importance of manure to the farmer is such,
that his success, in ihe production of the crops he
cultivates, will mainly de|iend on its quantity, and
the application of it to the crops he raises as fnod
for sheep and other stock ; as those crojis which
are consumed on tlie farm, are much more produc-
tive of an additicinal (piontity of manure thaji the
crops of grain, a great part of wlilch is earned off
the land.

Vegetable and animal matter in a slate of decay
or manure, is composed of carbon, oxygen and hy-
drogen, the elements of which are the elements of
growing vegetables. " By the laws of chemical
attraction, vegetable and animal manure is changed
by the action of air and water, and made fluid or
jcrilorm." (Davy.) Vegetable and animal manure,
wlien well mixed in the snil, gives to it the power
of absorbing and transmitting moisture for the use
of plants that grow in it; therefore, iiiiprovement
in some soils, and increased energy in others, will
be given by the application of manure. — The tf-
fects produced will continue much longer in si.iue
soils than in others ; in some, it will be of long du-
ration ; in others, it will be transitory. The dung
of animals, kept on the farm wiih litter, is the prin-
cipal manure on which the farmer should depend,
as he has it in hi« power either to increase or di-
minish it — Other ^lanure he can have recourse to,
when an additional ijuanlity is wanted. .As straw
and green crops are the foundation of manure, the
increase of these raw materials is, therefore, of
great impoitance with a view to future crops.
When straw is left in the field as stubble, we are
deprived of one-fourth at least, of the means of
producing manures ; we therefore see the propriety
of collecting all the straw which our crops pro-
duce, for the purpose of converting it into manure.

In the experiment we have made to ascertain the
weight of a crop of straw, we find that the quanti-
ty of wheal straw will average double the weight
of the wheat produced ; so that if all the straw be
converted ijito manure, by part of it being con-
sumed by some animal as food, and the remainder
03 litter, it would, with proper care, produce ma-
nure sufficient to keep up, and with good culture
increase, the proilucliveneea of the soil.

Well fed cattle or sheep, whether in the field,
stall or yard, produce an abundant supply of the
best and most valunblo manure, which will again
produce an abundant crop of green food for stock.
We hold it to be an axiom in agriculture, that all
the manure which can be produced, should be ap-
plied to the production of gteen food, such as tur-
nips, mangel wurtzel, pntatnes, cabbage, vetches, or
clover, for stock. By the application of all our ma.
Dure to the production of food for stock, a verv
large quantity of food can thus be obtained on a
dinall quantity of land, when compared with the old
system of applying all our innniire for the produc-
Uan of corn for the market. The produce of foo.l

for the feeding of stock ought to be our first ob-
ject— that of corn for sale the second : if we se-
cure the -first, the second will follow of course.

A proper and unremitting attention to the accu-
mulation of the dung-hiil ought to be one of the
first objects of the farmer ; he ought to add to its
contents by every means in his power, and adopt
every plan for increasing its magnitude by the kind
of crops he cultivates, and not only to add to its
bulk, but also to its richness. The dung of beasts
fed (111 straw only is of little value when compared
with the dung of those fod on turnips : but the
dung of those beasts fed on corn is better than
either; and the dung of those fed on oil-cake is
the most valuable of all th-e others.

An acre of ilover is said to keep three 3-year
old beasts for six months, from April to November;
and an acre of lurniiis will keep three 3-year old
bea.-ts from 1st November to the 1st of May : the
quantity of uiauure which these three beasts will
produce, while being thus fed in the house or yard
for twelve months, will be about thirty tons.

If we have a cistern or a pool into which the
urine and all the water from the dung-hill runs,
and if we regularly return it to the dung. hill by
pumping it upon it, or if we mix the liquid with
earth, or if we cart it out in watcr-carls and spread
it over our arable or pasture land, none of the rich-
ness of the dung will go to waste ; but if this
water runs to waste, this liquid, being the essence
of the manure, it must necessarily be of less val-
ue ; the whole of the dung-hill will run away in a
liquid state, if allowed to remain long enough. —
We have seen this to be the case in numberless in-
stances ; indeed, there are very few farmers who
pay a pioper attention to this circumstance ; all let
their liquid manure run away to the brook, without
ever attempting to stop it. If I were to make an
estimate of the loss which the farmers in general
sustain in this way, I would say that he loses at
the very least one fourth part, and in some in-
stances, much more of the means he has of pro-
curing a good crop of turnips. An ox or a cow
fed in the house throughout the year, will produce
as much dung as will be sufficient for half an acre
of turnips.

The manufacture of manure or the art of pre-
paring it for every kind of land, ought to be more
attended to than it is, and if farmers saw the ad-
vantage which they would derive from having their
manure prepared for their particular kind of soil,
they would pay more attention to it than they do
at present : this is one of the most necessary
branches of the agricultural business,— not only
the preparation of it, but the means of increasing
its quantity, and preserving its quality.

Then, again, there ought to-be nipre considera-
lion paid to the application of jnaoure to particu-
lar land : large quantities are frequently put on
land, and llie result is ihe production of an over-
abundance of straw and less corn. Dung, we
think, should never be put on land but for ihe pro
duclion of green crops. If the effects produced
on these crops are so great, that the consumption
ol the whole will tend to make the next crop over-
luxuriant, then part of the crop should bo taken
from the land, and consumed in the yard.

When dung is mixed with the soil, it produces
a certain degree of fermentation in the vegetable
mailer which the earth contains, separating its
parts, dividing and piilvel-izing it, making it friable
and porous, and in a certain degree pcrforminiT
what is done by tillage. This putrid fermentation

of vegetable and animal matter in the soil has a
great elTecl on the portions of earth v/hich it comes
in contact with ; the putrid matter is disseminated
through it, altering the nature, texture and color
of the soil, and making it friable, clammy, and of
a dark color.

The production of turnips, vetches, nnd clover,
by a large proportion of the farm, and the consump-
tion of these by sheep and oxen, will, under almost
every circumstance, produce a sufficient quantity
of manure to keep the land in a highly productive
slate; and, if sufficient attention be paid to thia
port of agricultural business, a much greater quan-
tity of corn will result from it, even when a lest
breadth of land is sown to corn, nnd a greater pro-
portion to turnips, vetches and clover.

As manure is of such vital importance to tho
farmer, every attention should be paid to the col-
lection of the materials necessary to form il ; every
vegetable substance, together with the waste earth
of ditches, road sides, sides of the fields, yards,
&.C. will add to the compost heap, not only in quan-
tity, but also in quality, if proper care in the mix-
ture be attended to.

Weeds of every kind will be available before
they come lo seed, or rather before ihey blossom,
as the seeds of many of ihem are perfected before
the blossom drops oflf; and it should be kept in
mind, that no fermenialioii in Ihe dung-lull will de-
stroy the vegetatiic power of a single seed.

When vegetable matter is fermenting in a dung-
hill, it should be mixed and covered with earth,
which will imbibe the volatile or gaseous mailer
that is thrown off during its fermentation ; and if
there be a large portion of animal manure in the
compost, it should have a bed of eartli lo imbibe
all the carbonaceous mailer that runs from it: and
on every turning over which we think it right to
give the mass, we should add an additional quanti-
ty of earth lo cover il with.

Much earth should be used in all dunghills, as
the earth that is thus impregnated is nearly, if not
altogether, as valuable as ibe dung itself, in alter-
ing and iniproving the soil lo which it is applied.

Bui in these composts, regard should be had to
the nature of the soil, to which we intend lo apply
them; for wc should regard manure more as an al-
terative, than as food, for plants. A compost for a
light soil should be formed of cold manure, the
dung of animals which chew the cud, of clayey or
Icnncious earth, nnd ihe clearing of ditches or other
water-fed earths. The compost lor strong lena-
ciims soils should, on the other hand, be formed of
hot manure, the dung of animals thai do not chew
the cud, such as horses and pigs. These should be
mixed with light, sandy, or rubbly earth, the sides
of roads, or sandy, dry, porous earth from rich
yards or other places.

Road scrapings, being the produce of stone rc-
dured by friction, is of a grilly, sandy nature, whal-
evir be the nature ami properlies of the materials
of which il is composed ; and frotn its grilly quali-
ty it forms an excellent alterative for clayey soils,
and when mixed with a large portion of horse
dung, it forii s an excellent compost for all clay or
strong soils, us it tends to keep the soil open and
porous.

In the application of manure, ihe nature of the
soil should be considered. If the soil be a strong
clay, and very tenacious, the monure should be of
a light, or loose porous nature, such as stable un-
fermented dung ; and if a compost, it should be
made of a light, sandy or porous nature : but if the

vol.. xr. XO. «.

AND H 0 R T I C IT L T n R A I. R K G 1 S T E R

13

:«i)il is light «nJ porous, tlie diinj; •lioiild be nf n
€old nature, such us well rotten cow or catllc
dang.

Compost made of cattle dun<r and clayey loam,
or any ln'avv tenacious substance, is Iho best ma-
nure lor li^'lit land ; long Btraw, or unferinrnted
dunjr, ns stable dun^ or any substance wliicli is
loosa and friable, should uewr be used on sandy
aoils.

I'eat mixed with preen dunp and fermented, is
formed into an excellent Tcgctablo manure : the
mode of doing this, in the most perfect way, is that
recommended by Lord Meadowbank.

The principal arliticial manures are bone-dust,
soot, rape, and oil cake; these produce wonderful
results on the turnip crop. — VoWon on iioils.

From the Albany CuItJTalor.

ODDS AND ENDS.

Rtfintd vs. Common Sugar. — It is worthy of in-
quiry, whether it would not be more economical to
use more relincd su^ar in our families. Common
brown sngrar is generally about two-thirds the price
of relincd. For ninny domestic purposes, I am
satisfied that retined sugar is the cheapest. Will
some one better acquainted with the subject, give
us their opinion ?

Afaplc vs. Cane Sugar. — What is the relative
strength in saccharine, between common brown su-
gar and common maple sugar? It is Vhe prevail-
ing opinion that the cane s'igar contains some '25
per cent the most saccharine matter. Is it so ?
Will some one who has the means of trying the
e.vperinient, do so, and report facts ?

Sugar rs. Pork. — If sugar and pork ore the
same price, which Is the cheaprst food for a fami-
ly ? Many persons who buy their meat, are exces-
sively penurious in their purchases of sugar, under
the impression that they cannot afford it. I ani
confident that they are mistaking their own inter-
est. Besides, sugar, particularly for c;hildrcri, is a
much more healthy diet. That is, when not used
to excess.

Charge of Diet. — This is a subject upon which
by far too little attention is paid. Human aliment
is often productive of health or sickness, and con-
sequently of human happiness or misery. Chil.
dren, in particular, require a constant change; but
the change should be a judicious one. I wish that
many of the able medical men who read your pa-
per, would make communications to it upon the
subject of human diet.

Jf'ashiug Bulter. — I veiiture to assert, without
fear of contradiction, that no family eat sweeter
butter tl.an mine, either new or old, and my wife
always washes her butter thoroughly in cold water.

The object of washing butter is to divest it of
all the particles of buttermilk. If the cream or
milk has made bonny clabber, there will inevitably
be small particles of it distributed throughout the
whole mass of butter, and unless they are entirely
removed in some way, that butter will most cer-
tainly become rancid. Working the butter in cold
water will dissolve all these particles of congealed
milk, and tiie water is easily worked out, or should
a few drops remain, it will unite with the salt and
form pure brine. If there is any other manner by
which the butter can be freed from the milk more
easily, I should like to know it.

My butter, although "spoil'd by washing it,"
when packed in a pot or keg, with a clean cloth
ateaaed on the top, and a little briae on the top of

llinl, say half an iiirli dirp, «ill keep n year, ns
sweet us ever unwashed butler was, in, or can be
kept in any manner whatever. Thcsu are fnctii.
Now let lis have the facts in opposition to the cold
wnter system.

I do not wonder that so many object tn wai-liing
butter, for it is a lamentable fart, that there is a
great antipathy existing against the use of cold
water, cither as a beverage, or for ablution.

7V'i and Coffee. — Will somebody tell me what in
the value of these articles, as diet ? Will smnc-
body tell me whether the use of tea and i-olfee adds
to our health, or happiness, or length of life, or
whether we enjoy our meals any better than wo
should do if we had always been accustomed to
drink water ?

Chess. — [See Dictionary signification.] — " A dif-
fioult and abstruse game." "Abstruse, — hidden,
obscure, difficult."

Now, if we did not know that the lexicographer
intended to explain the meaning of the game of
chest, the readers of the agricultural papers for a
year or two past would suppose that he had intend,
cd it to allude to the abstruse game of disputation,
that ha." been carried on about chess, and upon
which, I presume, that a majority of the readers
hiivc come to the conclusion, that the subject is a
very abstruse one.

Curing and Pressing Cheese. — A neighbor of
mine has been in the habit for several years of
stacking his cheese in a hay stack. Ho takes
them as soon as they become firm, and making the
slack some three or four feet from the ground, as
smooth and level as it can be, puts on a course of
cheeses, boing careful that they do not touch each
other, or coirio too near the edge, and then builds
on the hay two or three feet, and then another
course of cheeses. In this situation they finish
curing, and are preserved from frost until spring.
The plan is new to me, but perhaps not so to your
readers. At all events, it is worth trying. I
would recommend any person, however, to try it
only on a small lot at first, nntil ho satisfies him-
self personally that the plan is a good one.

Shearing Lambs. — I have satisfied myself by ex-
perience, that it is ni>t profitable to sheiir lambs.

Oyster Plant, or Salsify. — It is surprising that
so few persons cultivate this delicious vegetable.
They are planted and cultivated similar to carrots
or parsnips, and like the latter, may be suffered to
remain in the ground during the winter, and dug
in the spring as soon as the frost is out of the
ground. They arc cooked in different ways. One
is to boil them in clean water, and mash them and
mix with flour into batter and fry them. Another,
to cut them up in small mouthfuls, and after boil-
ing soft, make a gravy of flour, butter, &c. and add
to them, and really they are a rich substitute for
oysters.

School Hooks. — There is a criminal fault exist-
ing in the community, not only in the quality of the
matter of school books, but in the manner that they
are printed. I have of late observed several school
books, printed with a very small type, upon poor
blue looking paper, and in every particuUr bore a
near relationship to " Pindar's Razors." No good
man would be guilty of publishing such books for
the use of children. It is a downright robbing of
lh?ir honest rights. It is suflSciently painful for a
child to learn to read out of good round fair print.
To illustrate, I beg you to put this article in such
type as should only be used for children's reading
books. It is of no consequence that it takes more

paper. Thnt nrtirle is cheap, nnd for sihcml hooks
shuiild always bo of llio best quality. Ami I hope
every man who reads this article, will licreiil\cr re-
flect when about to purchase, that in buying one of
these iiindc.to-sell cheats, ho is about to do n pogi.
tive wrong to his child. Buy none but the best.
See that tlio type, paper and binding nrc good.
.And finally, bo ossured that this good advice is
given by one ardently devoted to the caime of cdu-
cation and human improvement, and your old Indi-
ana friend, SOLON ROBINSON.
Lake, C. II., la., March i^, 1811.

MAKING CHEESE.

The following improved method of making
cheese is from the Portland Transcript. We only
say in addition to the remarks therein offt r.-d, that
the process as described by the writer has been
repeatedly tried in this vicinity with flattering suc-
cess. Cheese made in this way possesses many,
nnd important advantages, we think, over that made
in the common hoop process; inasmuch as it
is less liable to become rancid, from perfect expul-
sion of the whey, and to become injured extremely
by the depredations either of flies or mice. — Eatt-
ern paper.

New Mktiiod of Makiiig Cueese We have

lately seen a method of making cheese, which is
worthy of being tested by experiment at this sea-
son of the year, especially by those who have but
a small quantity of milk. It is very simple, and
easily tried. The milk is set in the ordinary way
every morning, nnd thfc curd separated from the
whey as well as it can be with the hands. It is
then pressed conipactfy into the bottom of an
earthen pot, and covered over with several folds of
dry linen, or cotton cloth. By this process the re-
maining whey is absorbed, and when the cloth be-
comes saturated it is removed and a dry one placed
in its stead. In the course of the day and night
this process removes the whey as thoroughly as it
can be done by pressing. The next morning the
milk is prepared in the same manner, and the curd
is packed closely upon the top of that prepared the
dav previous, and the same method pursued in sepa-
rating the moisture. This process repeated till
you have a cream pot full of cheese. It is thus
seen to be a convenient method where the dairy
woman has the milk of but one or two cows. If it
work well, it is an important discovery. If it fail,
it need not be a very disastrous failure. It is a
very successful way of preserving the cheese from
flics and mice, as it can be perfectly enclosed and
kept from such gentry, and from the air and light.
We have seen but one experiment of this kind, and
this promises to be a successful one. The cheese
appeared as free from moisture and as sidid as that
made by the press. The Inbor is much lets, and
the care of it afterwards is comparatively nothing.

Beks. — We once heard an intelligent farmer de-
clare that the annual profit of a hive of bees was
equal to the profit on an acre of wheat. If this is a
fact, we should suppose every farmer would en-
gage in the business in a small way at least. There
IS sometimes a ditKculty in having more than one
hive swarming at a lime. This may be avoided
by sprinkling n little water upon the outside of the
hive — they probably think it a natural shower, re-
tire to the hive and will appear again in about half
an hour. — Bangor Cour.

14

NEW ENGLAND FARxMER,

JVLT it, IS4T.

AND HORTICULTURAL RKGtSTER.

BoaroN, Wedsesdav, July M, 1841.

HAYMAKING.

Farmers in I he immudUle vicinily of the city, may
be nearly through hiiymaking ; bui generally in Ihe in-
lerior, they are in the iniHHt of the laborious and yet
plra^anl processes ut' cutting the grass ami making llie
liny. Our leniarks upon tliis siibject, two weeks since,
embrace nenrly all that we wish t) siiy ; but we uniilted
then to fjuLto the old adige, " Muhe hay while the. sun
ihines." The advire contained in this lainilnr exjires-
»ion, is worth elucidating and enlorcing

Every one knows that good husbandry, in all ordina-
ry circumstances, requires the farmer to cut liin grass
only when he has indications of fair weather for a day
or two. lie should mow when the prospect is good
that the sun will nhine. This is not controverted. But
we have sometimes seen it recommended to haymakers
to rise rcrij early, commence their labors in the cool of
the morning, get their work along so as to rest for two
or three hours in the hottest part o( the day, and then
extend their labors into the evening. This adviee has
come, probably, from those who know hut little about
the matter in question, and who benevolently design to
inform the haymaker how he can perform his IsbDrs
successfully and yet avoid part of his customary eipo-
•ure to the heat of the mid day sun.

In all that part of the haying process connected with
thick and green grass, where it i« diflicult to euro suffi-
ciently in two good days, there, anVinur's work at noon
turni l<i more account — more pro&t-»-lh.in the work of
two hours in cither morning or evening. The hotter

Probably, however, it is not desirable to let them stand
later than they usually do. When cut young, mode-
lately dried, and well salted, the cattle eat many of
them without complaining, Tliese grasses are bene-
fited more by being housed wlien not dry enough to
keep sweet without salt, and applying salt to pivsirve
them, than the upland grasses.

The intimation that early cutting is the cause of the
decrease in productiveness, should be accompanied by
a statement that the draining of the meadows by ditch-
ing, filling up by wash from tlio uplands, the removal
of a crop and making no return in the form of manure,
all, in different places, contribute to the same result.
Art must come to the aid of nature on many of these
lands ; and theie is no part <if our soil on which the la-
bors of art can be more profitably expended.

Sunday haying. — On some firms it is very rarely the
case that any hay is worked upon on the Sibbath ;
while on others it is no uncommon thing to spend a
part of Sunday in tiaymaking. Is it ever necessary \o
touch the hay upon the Sabbath .' Sometimes if it be
not done, the hay will be badly injured. When ? At
those times when the sun shines bright and hot on the
Sabbath upon hay that has bei n wet — then if the hay
is not opened it may be almost spoiled. But nothing
more noed be done than to njien it. Beyond what is
here allowed (opening the hay) we do not believe it
profitable to go, except in some very rare cases.

We are regnrding this matter notn merely as one of
profit and loss. As far as our observaliim authorizes a
conclusion, we have no hesitation in saying, that on
those fauns where work is avoided on the Sabbath, the
hay is secured in as good condition and with as much
economy as where the Sabbath is appropriated to hay-
making. We know that the work can be so planned as
that nothing shall suffer in any ordinary weathert)y
being left untouched on the Sabbath; and wo hold the

THE CROPS.
Accounts from the South and West generally, 'ead ua
to expect tlint the crop of wheat in the country will be
g'tod. Hay in Massachusetts may be less than an ave-
r.igo crop, but there is no alarming deficiency. If it be
true, as it is reported, that the growth upon our salt
marshes is unusually abundant, then the supply of food
for stock along the sea-coast ia aa great as wo usually
obtain.

Ij*The well-told tale by " Evelyn," on the first page,
excites in us a wish to know more of him from whom it
comes. The disastrous results thai may flow from one
little mischievous act, and the desolation which comes
where excited passions display their energies in pro-
tracted law suits, are very happily exhibited.

the sun, the more desirable is ifvhaillie turning folk

should be kepi moving. The mora intense the heat, | b.ij^f ,,,„, ,,,ig ^ay of rest is so needful and beneficial to
the more will the hay be benefittd by each turning. ,,^ ,,^^j laboring man, that he can and will, taking the

So far from advising haymaker, to rest in the shade ^e„„„und, accomplish as much in the six days ef labor

and one of rest, as in seven of labor without any. for Mst.

vhile at noon, our advice to them must be, to be
ring most actively in the middle of the day. If this
process is found too exhausting, in connection with la-
bor early in the morning and late in the evening, then
let the work be .'O planned, that it may be accomplished
before niiiht. Tho la»t hour's work, when the damp-
ness of evening begins to collect upon the hay, is the
least profitable of any.

It is good economy to put hay into the barn as early
in the ilay aa it is fit to got in, and to put tlic green into
cocks while it is warm— whil.- the sun is an hour, if not
hours, above the horizon. To do this, the iniiMIc of
the day mu»t be devoted to work Objection to labor-
in" when the sun is hottest, ia not often made by men
accustomed to toil in the fields. The extreme heals of
summer are not more oppressive in the field than in the
workshop or study. At least our experience so teaches ;
for wc never were so unfitted for labor by the hottest
sun that burns on the hay field, as by the close and sul
try air of the study. As f.ir as the discomfort from heat
is concerned, wo would rather spend 'he summer whore
the funnier toils, tlinn where llie student uses his books
and his pen. — Make hay vhile the sun shines.

Meadnw hay— fresh /iny— The hay which grows upon
the natural wet meadows, makes a very considerable
part of the food of the slock in the ComniJiiwealth
Tho tiiiaiitily obtained fiom these wet lands is diminish-
ing, and will continue to diminish, as long as the cus-
tom prevails of mowing before the grasses seed, and
thus providing for new roots to tukii the place of such
as may die. But if kfl to ripen b.lore they are cut,
iheic grasses generally will make but very poor fodder

Taking no other arguments than those which are fur-
nished by observation of men and of the human system,
wc are prepared to oppose haymaking on the Sabbath
as unpiofitabic and as a thing to be avoided.

N. B. — While the haying goes on, do not forget to
put the miic^ in (Ac hogyard : also, do not forget that
the weeds will steal the bread anti meal from your corn
and potatoes, if you do not find time to keep ihein down.

There are very few plants, we think, wliich are not
benefited mueh more by hoeing when thoy are dry than
when wet. We choose to avoid working among corn,
potatoes, and all r<uits, when they are wet. At such
times they aro brittle, and get somewhat broken ; the
earth around them, if stirred, is made lumpy, and weeds
are much less eflectually destroyed. If the work on the
farm allows you to select your time for hoeing and weed-
ing, do such work when the plants ate dry.

NORTHERN WHEAT FOR SEED.

It is supposed by many thai tlio reason why the Black
Sea wheal, so called, will withstand the rust better than
any other variety is, because it grows in a higher lati-
tude and has become more hardy than those kinds that
arc cultivated in a more southern diniate. There can
be no doubt that it will ultimately become accli.niatcd
with us, and then be no butter than any other variety.
If these two positions are true, it follows that it would
be good policy for our farmers to obtain seed often from
a more northern latitude than they are in. We think
that some of our shipmasters who are in the Russian
trade and visit Archangel, could abtain the right variety.
There is a northern limit to the wheat region, a point
where wheat is raised much quicker than it will grow
with us, but there it has more day light in that space of
time than we can give it. Seed from this point would
be valuable to us. The several Agricultural Societies
cannot hi tter use their funds than to ioy aside a small
part annually, to be expended in defraying the expenses
of obtaining seed wheat and other valuable seeds from
other regions. The Kennebec Co. Society has done so
several times, with advantage to the community. We
hope that others will aid in the cause. — Maine Farmer.

Our thanks ate due to Dr. Charles T. Jackaon, fur a
copy of bis Geological Survey ofNew Mampshire.

The July No. oftho N. Y. Review is on our tabic. —
Jordan Si. Co , V2l WnshingloD at^ publishers.

The IbIc hail storm was peculiarly severe in the vi-
cinity of Amiierst, N. H. The ice balls were ail inches
in circumference.

lfj"WB would call the atlentinn of our readers to iho
advenis-ment of" Whale Oil So.ip." on another page —
a new discovery for the destructiori of the rose slug and
other insects.

Mass&chiiaelta Horticultural Society.

IIHIBITION or FLOWERS.

Saturday, July 3.

Exhibited from M. P. Wilder — Picotee Pinks and a
fine lot of Roses.

From J. T. Smith — Cereus speciosissimua and Epipli-
yllium Ackermanii.

From Dr. Thompson, Charlestown — Dahlias.

From Hovcy & Co.— Uouqueta.

From S. Walker — Carnations, Picotees, Rosea and
fine Bouquets.

From S. K. Johnson— a large number of Chinese and
haidy Roses.

From J. L L. F. Warren — Dahlias and Bouquets.

From A. Uowditch — Roses and Uouqueta.

Native plants Iroin B. E. Cutting.

Saturday, July 10.

Exhibited from S. \\'alker — a few fine named Pico-
tees, Carnations and Bouquets.

From Hovey iV Co —Rocket Larkspurs, and Clove
and Pienieo Pinks, fmin seed.

From Cnpt. Mncondey — Dahlirs of several kinds.

From J. I.. L. F. Warren — DahiiBs and Bouquets.

Fioin S. R. Ji.hnson — Chinese and hardy Rosea.

From W. Kenrick— Bouquets.

From D. .Mclntvre — i fine speciioen ofNe plua ultra.

From F W. Duiton — Dahlias.

Native plants from B. E. Cutting.

NOTICE.

Tho exhibition of Carnatiims and Picotees for premi-
um, will take place on Saturday, Julv l<lh, when tliero
will be three ptiies awarded, if the flowers aro of sufli-
ci«Bt merit. C. M. HOVEY, Ck'mn.

vol,. «T. HO. «.

A N D H 0 K T I C U L T V. R A L R K G I S T E R .

15

rilKKMO.MKI'lUCAI.

Rnlv.iltJ lur the ,Nr«v Knilmiil Kaimri.

R*>>i;rul ilie rhrrnioiiiplrr ni tlu- (iar<!riii>r tli« pra|irialora
of Ihr Kcw EnnUml F«rni«r, llriigkiiin, Maw. in • (haded

UltlNOSTO.MCB, ON KHU'I'IO.N IlOl.l.K.llN

Vorlhe'W eiii»<>"iire,

ling July

II.

Jul), liMl.

6, A.M.

I12.M.

T.P.M.

Winii.

Moiul.v. 6

S9

76

«*

S

Tiio.l.iv, 6

61

84

74

w.

Wf.lu-MlaT, r

64

84

74

s.

Th,.,>d»y, 8

10

76

68

N. E.

Kri.lay, 9
Sol irJiy, in

87

76

72

N. W.

66

78

67

s. w.

SuKlaj-, 11

62

6a

65

w.

We hsvf had rtl

erol hra

ty showf

rt durin

! the vtrrV.

The pru5(wclj for

Ihe hus

landinaii

now are,

an atiumlaat

h*rTe»l.

URIUIITON .MAKKKT. — MoxnAT, July 12, 1841.
Repnrtril for Ihe N^w Knelnntl Karmer.

Al Market 310 Dpel Callle, 70 Cows and Calyea,
3500 Sheep and 125 Swine. 7.^ Hecf Catlle unsold.

I'rice«. — lleef Cattle — We continiiB tn rcdiico our
quolatinns. Vml niLnlilv, $G 00 a (i 23 fecund quali-
ty, $J 25 a 5 75. Third quality, $4 00 a 5 00.

Cuirs and Calres. — Dull. A Inrgn number unsold.
Sales, $20, $22, $2^>, $2tj, $30 and $40.

SSerp. — Pales qiiiik for prime lols. Prices for lots,
«) 50, !») 73, $1 rfS, $2 00, $2 17, $2 25, $2 33, $2 .W,
and $2 75,

.•npiwe. —Those at market were reported last week.
Mo lots sold to peddle. At retail rrum 5 to 7, accord-
ing to size and quality.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected icUh great eare, wccA/y.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, very little in market. Red Top,
oew seed Iiy the hag 50 lo 5^ c. Clover — Northern, 13c.
—Southern, S lo 9 c. Klai Seed, il, 37 to 1 53 bu. Lu-
Mnie. 2.) c. per lb.

PLOUll. Howard Street «5 37— Genesee 85 25— Ohio
t5 12.

GU.'MN'. Corn — Northern Yellow none — Round Yel-
ow C*— Southern Flat Yellow CO~White 64. — Rye—
Vorthcrn 6) 10 63— Southern 50 to 55. Oats— Southern 44

0 40— Northern 46 to 50.

PROVISID.NS Beel— Mess SlO 50 to II 00— Prime
16 50- No. I 89 no. Pork— Extra- 15 00— Clear 14 50—
Mess 813 on. Hams — Northern 9 c. per lb — Southern,
lone. Lard— Boston 9 c per ll>. — Souinero, 8 lo 6 1-2.
Jutter— Lump 19 to 22— Firkin 12 lo 18~Shippini 8 to 14.

H.AY. p'r ton. Sl3 to20-Easlern Screwed 814 lo 16v

CHEESE— Old II c— News.

EOGS. II a 12.

WOOL— The market for this article has not experienced
iny change of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and ihere
6 hut a limited supuly of low Fleeces, and of fine Fleeces the
itock is also moderate. Prime or .Saxony Fleeces, washed,
b. 50 to 55 c. — .American full Mood, wasncd, 47 lu .'lO — Do.

1 4 blood, washed, 44 lo 46 — Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 36 to
,0—1-4 and common do, 3* to 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,
?0 to 2S— Do. unwashed, 10 to 14— Bengasi Sheep, 8 to 10 —
iuenos Avres unpicked, 7 lo 10 — Superfine Nonnern pulled
amb 43 to 46 — No. 1 do. do. 37 lo 42— No 2 do do 26 to 30
—No 3 do do 1 810 20.

Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction rollers and
moTeil with a fool (reader, is lound In be ti ^reat improve-
ment on the present mode of han^in? grindstones. The
ease with which Ihey move upon the rollers, renders llicm
vrry easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is tafed, and the person in the act o! grinding, can
govern the slone more lu his mind by having the complete
control ol his work. Slon« bung in Ibis mnnner are be-
coming daily m"rc in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can be altacbed to atones bung
in the common way.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 62
North Market Boston. July 14

TYE rp CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for lye-
ing up Catlle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. DEnav, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. Jacques, for the piwpose of securing cattle lo the
stall, are found to be the safest and most convenient mode
of fastening cows and oxen lo the stancliion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market st.

GOOn CULTIVATORS AT $3 50

Good Cultivators for sale at the New England Agricultu-
ral Warehouse, Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, Price
S3,-.0. JOS. BRECK & CO.

LAoroaiETBRS.

PATENT Br\sS SYRINOE-'H'UAI.E OIL SOAP

Willis's Patent Improved Brass Syringe for watering
)lants, grape vines, small trees, destroying the Rose Bug,
ilc. This Syringe may be used on all occasions when waler-
ng is necessary for using a solution prepared for the pur-
30se, lo prevent mildow on grape vines, and also to use the
Jreparalion of Soap for the deslruclion of the Rose Bu^.

This Syringe may be had of JOSEPH BRECK «.• CO,
fos. 61 and 52 North Market Street, who has for sale the
iVhale Oil Soap, a sure preventative against the ravages of
he Ruse Bug and other mseels. The Snap should be dilu-
ed by water, al the rate of fifteen g>llons of water lo two
xiunds of Soap, and applied by the Syringe. The Soap is
D kegs containing 23 lbs. , at one dollar per keg. July 14

DAHLIA POLES.

600 dozens of Dahlia and Bean Poles. Also, 20OO feel !
>f Ladders, 16 lo 40 feel in length, for sale by .MOSES Just received at the New England Agricultural Wore-
•■RENCH, Jb., Maine wharf, Broad st. near the bottom of house. No. 51 and 62, North Market st., a few sets of Lac-
iammer ft. 6w June 2 tomelers, for teslin/; the quality of milk

DCRHAJI COW FOR SALE.

A young full blooded Durham Cow and her calf— a vei-r
al in every particular. Apply lo EDWARD

June 23

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

!es

nTCUMB,J«., Newburyporl.

May t

FOR SALE

Two pair of Pigs, Berkshire and China.
BRECK it CO.

JOSEPH
June 30.

liK\OI,VI»li IIOKKK IIAUK.

The Revolving Horse Rake has been in general use in
most parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and is found to
be one of the most useful labor saving inacnines now in use.
One man and horse, wilh a boy lo lead, will rake on an av-
erage fnim 25 to 30 acres per day with ease, and do the work
well. There is a great advjntace in ibis rake overall othera,
as the person using it dues uoi nave lo slop the horse to un-
load the rake.

For sale al Noa.Sl & 52 North Market Street, by
June 9. JOS, BRECK & CO.

GARDEN SRRD8,

For sale by Joseph Bkeck & Cc. at the New ENOLAnti
Farmeb Oj-fke, .V". .i: and 52 A'ortt Murkel St. /"u-
ton. The subscribers would inform the public that ihey
have now ou band the. largest collection of seeds ever I*-
fore oflereil by sale in this city, embracing every variety
of /\fW, Kilcheiij Garden^ and Ornamental Flower Seeds
desirable for this or any other Climate.,

Our seeds arc either raised under ounown inspection or

imported from responsible bouses in Hurope, and having
taken extraordinary pains to obtain such as are pure ^nd
genuine, we can confidently recommend them lo our citato,
mers and friends, and feel assuied they will prove aaliklau-
lory to all who Iry ihem.

Dealers in seeds are requested to forward their orders in
season. Boxes for retailing from 8 dolU. and upw.irdk
will be sent out on commission allowing a liberal discount
and take back what remain unsold.

Letters and orders with good reference will meet with
proni]il attention.

GRAIN CRADLES.

The Grain Cradle is an article which is coming into very
general use in the New England States, where llicy were
till of late but little known, although they have been in very
general use in the Southern and Wesiern Stales, for many
ears, and which is found lo be decidedly the best mode of
jarvesiing grain, as il is supposed one man will cradle five
acics in a day, when he cannot reap more than one. The
difference ill gathering a crop is -.o much in favor of cradleing,
that we must suppose ihai it will be the only mode adopted
hereafter, and the grain craille will become of as much use,
as an implement of husbandry, as the plow now is.

There nas been a very greal improvement in the manufac-
turing ol this article, they are now made on the most im-
proved plan ; tf'e scythe is well secured and finished in t
superior manner and made of the best cast sleel.

For sale al t^.e N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed
Slore, Nos 61 and 62 North Market street. JOSEPH
BRECK & CO. June 30

NEW TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sa'e at the New England Agricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 5 1 and 52 North Mar-
ket street,

600 lbs. TURMP SEED, of the growth of 1S41.

July 14. JOS. BRECK & CO.

10

N E V. ENGLAND ^ A R .\'.' E R

JlLT 14. 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS.

INTERESTING PHILOSOPHICAL FACTS.

Sound travels at tlio rate of 1142 feet per seci)n'l
in air, 4M0 feet in water, 11,090 in cast iron,
17,000 in steel, 18,(l00 in glass, and from AGid to
17,000 in wood.

Mercury freezes at 36 dej^rees below 0, Fah-
renheit, nni! becomes a solid mass, n-alleable under
the haniincr.

'J'he (.'reatest height at which visible clouds ever
exist, dues not exceed ten miles.

Air is about 8IC limes lighter than water.

The pressure of the atmosphere upon every
square foot of the earth, amounts to 2 1()0 pounds.
An ordinary sized man, siipposinij his surface to
be 14 square feet, sustains the enormous pressure
of 30,240 pounds.

Iletit rarefies air to such an extent that it may
be made to occupy 5 or GOO times the space it did
before.

The violence of the expansion of water when
freezing, is sufllcienl lo cleave a ghibo of copper
of such thii'kness as to require a force of 28,000
pounds to produce the same effect.

During the co:iversion of ice into water, 140 de-
grees of heat are absorbed.

WatT wliea converted into steam, increases in
bulk l^rOO times.

One hundred pounds of waWf of the Dead Sea,
contains 45 pounds of salt.

The mean annual depth of rain that falls at the
equator is !Jt> inches.

Assuming tlie temperature of the interior of tlie
earth lo increase uniformly as we descend at the
rate of 1 degree in 4(i feet, at the depth of six-
ty miles it will amount to 480,006 degrees Fah-
renheit— a degree of heat suffici^t to fuse all
known substances.

The explosive force of closely confined gun-
powder is six and a half tons to the square inch.

Hail stones sometimes fall with a velocity of
113 feet in a second — rain, 34 feet in a second.

The greatest artificial cold ev<r produced is 91
degrees Fahrenheit.

Electricity moves with a greater velocity than
light, which traverses 200,000 miles of space in a
second of time.

Thunder can be heard at the distance of thirty
miles.

Lightning can be seen by reflection at the dis-
tance of 200 miles. — Srkcted.

herit their father's vices. Surely it would be ''^'-
ter for the child, and clieapcr as well as better fo."
the state. Let it not be supposed that a man will
go to prison for the sake of having his cliildren
taken cure of, for those who go to prison usually
have little regard for their children ; if they had, dis-
cipline like tiiat of a Berlin prison would snoii sick-
en them of such a bargain. — Prof. Stowt's Report.

LIFE BEYOND THE GRAVE.

Among all the fine and beautiful figures and
modes of reasoning that the universe in which we
dwell has afforded, for the illustration of the bright
hope that is within us of a life beyond the tomb,
there is none more beautiful or exquisite that I
know of, than that which is derived from the change
of tin; seasons — from the second life that bursts
forth in spring in objects apparently dead ; and
from the shadowing forth, in the renovation of eve-
ry thing around us, of that destiny which divine
revelation calls upon our faith to believe sliu'.l yet
be ours. The trees that have faded and leniained
dark and gray through the long, dreary lapse of
winter, clothe themselves again with green in the
spring sunshine, and every hue speaks of life. The
birds that were mute sing again as tunefully as ev-
er ; the flowers that were trampled down and faded,
burst forth once more in freshness and in beauty ;
the streams break from the icy chains that held
them, and the glorious sun himself conies wander-
ing from his far journey, giving summer and warmth,
and fertility and magnificence to every thing
around. All that we see breathes of the same
hope, and everything we see rekindles into life. —
Jamts.

PRISON DISCIPLINE IN BERLIN.

When I was in Berlin I went into the public
prison, and visited every part of the establishment.
At last I was introduced to a very large hall which
wa.s full of children with their books and teachers,
and having the Bfipearance of a Prussian school
room. " What," said I, " is it possiblu that all
these children are imprisoned here for crime ?"
"O no," said my conductor, smiling at my simpli-
city, "but if a parent is imprisoned here for crime,
the government places them hero, and maintains
and educates them for useful employment." This
was a new idea to me. I know not that it has
ever been suggested in the United States ; but
surely it is the duty of Government, as well as its
highest interest, when a man is paying the penal-
ties of his crime in a public prison to see that his
unofleiiding children are nut left to siifTer and in-

SEW YORK POUDRETTE COMPANY.

This company has lieen in operation nearly four yi'iirs.

Prfsenl price of shares one hundred nnd five dollars ; and
cacti share is cntillcd to fifty hushels of PoudreUe every six
monlhs, which is equal lo filly cily cart loads of stable ma-
nure for 18 years Iruiu .March, 1841.

Price of roudreuc 40 ceuts per hushel, or two dollars a
barrel, of four huslicis, delivered on hoard of vessels in this
city. Those farmers who wish to uhlain this manure reg
ularly, will do well to lake shares soou ; and ihose who
wir.h lo purchase the article will do well not to wait another
year, until they wish to use il.

Orders received now can he filled immediately

To ensure a supply for early spring use, shares should 1
taken in time to receive a fall Dividend, which will prevent
disappointment or ly a wcl spring; like the present; or

Those at a distance, who desire lo make an experiment,
can ohlain one or more harrels, in turn, hy remiltin);, at the
rate of two dollars per liarrcl. A phamplet will be sent lo
any person who desires one.

Shares wul he si>l i for the present at S105 each, liul they
will surely advance in price, notwilhstnnding ihc nunilier of
dividends will diiiiiiiish every six monlhs.

1). k. Ml^OK, Agait,

120 Nassau street (up stairs.

N. B. It is lo he dislincily underjitood that this Conipa
I ny is in nn way connected with the " Urate and Poudri-iu
(;ompany," or' Lodi Manufacturing' Company" of Anthony
Dey .t Peter Harlheliiny, on the New Jers'cy Meadow '
which, il report le true, failed, alter an ex|iciidilure of
.tvertjii onn.

New York, Miy imh, 1811. 6w jl7

von SALE.

GKORGK THE THlllU, who has oejn honored with ihe
Seconii :ind Kirsl Stale premiums in 1839, at Worcester, luid
:il Concord in I84ii, hythe Committees nppointod hy the
.'^tattf, for awardiui* suchpremiunis, is ofDurham Breed, wui
iin|>orled us m>s< superior slock, and is tboucht hy juilcc'
10 pussi'ss more vnluahlc points, lliiin any to he louiid in any
other animal of the kind.

Also, two vounc Hulls, Sired hy the above, their Dams are
imported nmi uf ifie hesl possible Idood.

For further iiiformntKin apply to CHARLES WIL
LAKU 2d, ^•till River Village. Harvard. <w June 2

GKIND8TONK8.

An extensive nssorlmeni of Water and Han I Grindstoi c
ennsiantly on hand and fur sale l.y A.MMl C. LOMaAul
i CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. 1?.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY D.fAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have heen made the past year in the
f(»rm and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould binn
has jicen so formed as to lay the ^furrmc complclcUi orrr
turninff in ereri/ particle of ^nss or sliiMc. and tearing Ihi
oTouwl in the beH posflMc manner. The length of' ihi
mould hoard has heen very much increased, so ihat ihr
Plough works with the jreatesi ease, holh with respect tr
the holding and ihe team. The Committee at the late Ina
of Phuighs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plouijhj
we should prefer for use on a farm, we mifirhi perhaps say i'
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easv to wiik
try Prouty & Mcars, hulif your land is heavy, hard or rod. i,
BEGIN WITH Mil. HowAnD'a.''

At the above mc-;f.oncd trial the Howard Plough ili,
innrc leork, irith the same pore cr of team, than any ollir
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlyse.i i
and one half inches, lo the tl2 Ihs. draught, while ih
Howard Ptougk turned tieentynine and one half inches, ^
Ihe same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most substanliall
matle.

There has heen quite an improvement made on the sh.f
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed withou
having lo furnish a new findside; this shoe likewise secine
the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens ih
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from $6 to»l5. A Ploi'ol
sudicienl for breaking up with four cattle, will cost nh'u
S.d ,511, and with cutter $1, with wheel and culler, 82 0
extra.

The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, i
the New England Asricultiiral Warehouse and Seed Slot'
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Slreet, ly

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
40(1 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CC
.\o. 62 North Market st. April 81

TO THE Pl'BLlC.

DR. CHARLES M. WOOD, Veterinary Sur^s-en
respectfully infcrms his friends and the public, that he h
removed from Blossom St., to 69 Carver Si. All orders I.
at his house, or at the stable of Wm. Forbes, No. 7 Sudbu
St., will he promptly attended to, and gratefully acknou
eilged. All diseases of Horses, Cattle or Swine, are alien
ed to. Also, castrating and spaying.

For the information of those who may have occasion (
his services, and are unacquainted with his practice, he
politely pcrmilled to rcpr lo the following gentlemen wl
have employed him for a nucilwr of years posl.

Williams & Pearson,

Wm. Forbes,
Wm. J. Nilcs,
Joshua Seward,
J. B. Read,
James F. Fullham,
Wm P. Loring,
Joseph C. Pray.
Boston, April 26.

Geo. Mcacham,
S. K. Bayley,
L. MayiiaiM,
Isaac Fnsier,
Artemas White,
Brown d, Scvrencr.

FENCE CHAINS

Just received from Englanil, lO.OOii feet Chains, snilal
for Fenocs or other purposes. For sale by J. BKECK
CO., No. 62 Norlh Market st. April 21

NEW ENGLAND FA K M E R .

A WEKKLT PAPKR.

The Editorial department of thin pnpcr having nn
iiilo ihc hands of lliu subsrriher, ho is now aulhoiiz
hy iho publishers to inrunn ihv pubhc llint the price
Iho papal is reduced. In future ihn terms wiil bn !
ner Teat in advance, at *2 fiO if not piid within lliir
dny,. AI.LEN PUTNA.M.

N. B. — PofltmHsters aro required by law to frnnk
s.ihacriptions and rcmittancea for ne'wspapors, witho
expense lo subscribers.

AND H O R T I (; U L T U R A L R K (i I S r 10 R .

rUULISHEO BY JOSKPU UllEClC vV CO., NO. (H NOliTH M.VllKKT STllliKT, (Aohicultuiial Wa«chou.«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, KDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY EVKNING, JUI-Y 21, 1841.

CHO. 3.

N. E . FARMER.

From Silliman't American Journil of Sciance.
MIE HKSSIAN FLY AND ITS PARASITES.

BT KDIVaRP C. lltllRICK.

%For several yours paat I liavc spent soiiio time
n tlie study of the habits of the Hessian fly, nnii
if the various insects by which it is attacked. Du-
ing a part of the period I enjoyed the important
o-oporalion of my valued friend, Mr James D. Da-
la, ni>iv abs'nt from the country, as one of the
cientitic corps of the United Stales South Sea
Jxplorini; Expedition. It was, and still continues
o be, my intention to offer an extended paper on
his subject. The investigation is not yet in every
(articular so complete as could be wished, but se-
'eral circumstances seem to render it advisable to
;ive at this tnne, a brief abslract of some portion
)fthe results. Tlie civil history of the insect, as
»ell as the scientific descriptions, with many other
letails, are reserved for the final paper.

Tlie Hessian fly, which has so long been con-
ipicuous for its depredations on the wheat crops ot
.his country, is a two-winged insect of the genus
LasiopUra or Ctcidomyia, (•'^f'g'. and Latr.) and
was first scientifically described by the late Mr
rhoinas Say, (Jour. Acad. Nat Sci. Phil. 1817, i.
15,) who jiave it the specific name of Destructor.
The pojiular name was first used by Col. George
nlorgai), "t Prospect, N. J., on the supposition that
he insect was introduced into this country among
he straw brought by the Hessian troops who came
,ere in the service of Great Britain, during the
•»ar of the Revolution. This supposition has been
ejected by mo?t entomologists, chiefly perhaps,
I'Ccause I'.n extensive and apparently thorough in-
uiry made in various parts of Europe a few years
fler, resulted in the uncontradicted conclusion
hat the insect was wholly unknown in that quar-
or of the world. I am not prepared to assert that
his insect was introduced in the manner above
uppoied. but it may be shown that it is highly
■robable that it was unknown here before that
ime i that it now exists in Europe, and has
robali'.y been there for centuries.

In the Ekmtnts iT Jlfrricidlure, par Dithamel du
Honeeau, Paris, 1771, "2 tomes, 12 mo., is a etate-
nent fiom M. do Chateauvieux, of which the fol-
owing is a translation: — "Our wheat [in the
leigiiborhond of Geneva] has sustained the present
lonlh of May, 17.5.5, an injury from which the
;rain cultivated by the new husbandry has not
een exempt. We found upon it a number of
'- mall white worms, which eventually turned to a
hestnut color: they fix themselves within the
saves, and gnaw the stalks. They are commonly
ound bef.vecn the first joint and the root: the
talks ua which they fasten grow no more; they
ecorne yellow and dry up. We suffered the
ame iijury in 17;i2, when these insects appeared
^n tiie iiiiddiu of May, and did such damage that
he crops were almost annihilated." This pa.?sage
»8S quoted by Col. .Morgan, (Carey's Ainer. Mus.

1787. i, .530,) in the bcliof that the insect described
in it was the Hessian tly. The description is loo
imperfect to authurizo a positive assertion, but
there seems to be little doubt that his opinion is
correct.

In 183.3, Mr Dana sailed for the Mediterranean
in the U. S. ship Delaware. .Vn opportunity was
thus aflbrdcd him to make personal exploration for
the Hessian fly among the wheat inc\An of the old
world ; a work for which he was well prepared by
his thorough aci|uiiintance with this insect in its
various stages. His examinations were rewarded
with the most gratifying success, for they proved
that the Hessian Jlij is rt7i inhiibitunt of Europe. —
On the 13th of March, 1834, and subsequently, he
collected several larva- and pupa', from wheal
plants growing in a field on the island of .Minorca
From these pupee, were evolved on the Kith of
March, 18 54, two individuals of an insect which
his recollections, faided by a drawing of the Hes-
sian fly with which he was provided,) enabled him
to pronounce to be the Cccidoniyia Destructor.
More of the perfect insects were evolved in llie
course of the month, one of which deposited eggs
like those of the Hessian fly. In letters dated
Mahon, April 8 and 21, 1834, Mr D. sent nic five
of the insects and several of the pupte. They ar-
rived in safely, and alter a careful examination, I
i!aw no good reason to doubt the identity of this
insect with the Hessian fly. The Mahonese as-
serted that the insect had been there from time
immemorial, and often did great damage both there
and in Spain. On the 28th of April, 1834, Mr D.
collected from a wheat field just without the walls
of the city of Toulon, in France, several pupsp and
one larva like those before obtained. On the 4th
of June, 1834, he obtained similar pupse from a
wheat field near Naples. About the period of Mr
Dana's investigations in the south of Europe, at-
tention was turned to the injury caused by certain
larvse among the wheat in Hungary. It appears
now to be commonly believed, that their parent in-
sect is cither our Hessian fly, or an animal very
closely allied to it.

I have searched in vain for any traces of the
Hessian fly in this country before the Revolution.
The Rev. Jared Eliot, in his "Essays upon Field
Husbandry in New England," Hoston, 1700, treats
of the culture of wheat, but makes no allusion to
any insect having habits like those of the He.ssinn
fly ; neither does Kalm, the naturalist, who trav-
ellcd in this country about 17.50. 1 am therefore
inclined to consider the common opinion of the
origin of the insect quite as probable as any other
which has been advanced.

In this part of our country, wheat is usually
sown about the first uf Sepleiiiber. Soon after the
plants are up, the Hessian fly begins to lay her
eggs upon them, and continues her operations for
several weeks. She deposits her eggs on the up-
per surface of the leaf (i.e. the tif^ula, or strap-
shaped portion of the leaf) of the plant. The num-
ber on a single leaf is often twenty or thirty, and
sometimes much greater. In these cases many of
the larvs must perish. The egg is about a fiftictli

of an inch long, and four hundredths of an inch in
diameter, cylindrical, translucent, and of a palo red
color. In about four days Iho egg hutcliea; the
young larva creeps down the leaf, enters the shcalji,
niid wiili the head downwards, faslenii upon the
tendir culm oor stalk, generally just above some
joint. The larva appears to feed solely on the
sap of the plant; it does not gnaw the stalk, and
never enters it, but is gradually imbedde<l in it aa
the plant matures. Having taken its post, the lar-
va is stationary ; il gradually loses its rcdilish col-
or, becomes translucent, and clouded with while
S|int6, and when near maturity, the central part
within is of a greenish hue. In about five or six
weeks, (or longer if the season is cold,) the larva
begins to assume a brownish tinge, and soon is of
a bright chestnut color, when the insect may be
said to have reached the stale of pupa. It has
then some resemblance to a flax-seed. The outer
skin of the larva becomes the puparium of the pu-
pa. The wheat plant is injured by the loss of sap,
but principally by the pressure of the larvte and
pupa; upon the culm. A single larva will do little
harm, and may even be useful by stimulating the
plant to throw out side shoots; but five or six of
them arc sufticienl seriously to check the growth
of the plant, or perhaps to destroy it entirely.

During the winter the insect is in the pupa
state, near the root of the wheat plant, and usually
a little below the surface of the earth. In April
and May we again find the Hessian fly laying egga
on the young wheat, both that which was sown ia
the autumn previous and the spring wheat, which
is of course recently up. The larvoe from these
eggs become pupse about the middle of June.

There is no difficulty in tracing the insect as far
as the state of pupa, and to this point its history is
satisfactorily ascertained. Regarding the periods
of the evolution of the perfect insect, there is, how-
ever, some obscurity, which numerous observations
have not wholly cleared up. The difficulty results
in part from the fact that in this region, a very
large proportion, probably more than nine tenths,
of every generation of the Hessian fly, is destroyed
by parasites. A great part of the pupa: which
may be collected will evolve some parasitic insect,
instead of the Hessian fly. It is certain that some-
times the pupee, which became so in June, evolve
the perfect insect in October following, and that
other pupsB of the same date will not evolve the
perfect insect until October of the year succeed-
ing. The following seems to mc the probable his-
tory of the matter. The pupiE which became such
in the autumn, evolve the perfect insect, partly
during the next spring, and partly in the summer
and autumn following. The pupa;, which became
such in and about June, evolve the perfect insect
partly during the next autumn, and partly during
the year succeeding.

Parasites. — There are in this region, four prin-
cipal parasites of the Hessian fly, one of which at-
tacks the eggs and the other three the pupte. They
are all minute Hyinenoptera.

1. The egg-parasite is a species of PlatygasUr,

18

N E AV ENGLAND F A R iM E R ,

JDI.T-21, J -4 1.

Latr., and may prove to be identical willi some one
of the hundred species of tliis genua which are de- |
scribed. (Entom. Mat^ Lond. iii. 217. font. Mad.
Lye. i. 81.) The insect is abundant in the autumn, i
I first saw it Sept. 2:5, 1833, in the act of deposi- '
tin? its eggs in the egrps of the Hessian fly. Krom |
subsequent observations it appears that four or five ,
csgs are laid in a single egg of the Hessian fly. |
The latter egg hatches, and the animal advances
to the pupa state as usual, but from the pupariuin ;
no Hessian fly ever comes forth. This parasite |
forms within the puparium, a silky cocoon of a |
brownish color. ■ [

2. This is the chief parasite of the pupa. It is |
described by Mr Say, (.lour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. ]
i. 47,) as the Cernphron I)estructx,i: It appears to
Lie not to bclonn; to the genua Ceraphron, (Latr.)
but to fall within the gems Eurjjtomo, of Illitror.
It pierces the sheath of the stalk, nuikinjr a hole
too small to be detected by a (Kjwerful microscope,
and deposits an egg in the pupa within. This is
done chiefly in June. The perfect insect is evolv-
ed in the summer and autumn succeeding;, catincr
its way through the puparium ami the .sheath ot the
leaf. An insect (of which 1 have seen females on-
ly-) very similar to the Knrytoma Destructor, but
with mere rudiments of winjrs, i.s soinetimcs evolv-
ed from the pupa; of the Hessian fly. I am in
doubt whether it should be considered a distinct
species or only a variety. The winged individu-
als never throw ofl' their wings.

3. The next parasite of the pupa is an insect of
the tribe Chalcidire, (Lntr. in Cuv. Rerne An.)
whose genus I have not determined. Its habits
are like those of No. 2, but it is evolved later. Ap-
terous females of this species are also found.

4. Another parasite of the pupa is an insect of
the tribe 0.\yuri, (LaU: in Vuv.) whoso genus I
Jiave not determined. In habits it agrees with
Nos. 2 and 3, but it is evolved still later in the
year. All of these parasites are likewise evolved
in the spring, Irom Hessian fly pupa; of the sum-
mer previous.

A few suggestions may be made respecting the
best modes of preventing the ravages of the Hes-
sian fly. 'I'hey linve all been published before, by
others, but they are of such a nature that there is
little probability that any of them will ever exter-
minate the insect. The stouter varieties of wheat
ought always be chosen, and the land should be
kept in good condition. If fall v. heat is sown late,
some of the eggs will be avoided, but ri.'fk of win-
ter-killing the plants will bo incurred. If cattle
are permitted to graze the wheat fields during the
fall, ihcy will devour many of the eggs. A large
number of the pupie may be destroyed by burning
the wheat stubble immediately after harvest, and
then plowing and harrowing the land. This meth-
od will undoubtedly do much good. As the
Hessian fly also lays its eggs, to some e.xtent, on
tye and barley, these crops should be treated in a
similar manner.

Aeuj Haven, Conn.

From the Alliany Cultivator.
THK HESSIAN FLY.
Messrs Cimjlord S,- Tucker — I have nut boi'n a
•lubscriber for your valuable paper, till the present
year, as your list will show. Thus far, I find it
deeply interesting and well calculated to excite
and promote a spirit of inquiry and improvement
among agriculturists.

I noticed a piece in your number for March, I
headed 'Hessian Fly — A Lady Observer." Hon-
or and praise to the ladies ! I have derived from
them the far greater por(ion of my earthly com- 1
forts. I fi'cl much gratified at the interest and in- |
quiry, which the discovery of Miss Morris, respect-
ing the Hessian fly, has elicited. The great de-
sidoratum is the discovery that the ovum, or egg, i
is d(!|x)»iled in the grains of the wheat before it is
hnrvested; because, knowing the hiding place and
fortress of the foe, wo can the more surely adopt
the mean.^ of hia destruction. I will, therefore,
give you my observations, confirmatory of those of
Miss Morris.

More than twenty years ago, while I lived in
Leesburg, Va., I adopted the opinion, that the Hes-
sian fly deposited its eggs in the berry or grain of
wheat, in its ripeninir stale, and that in=tinct di-
rected the deposit to the germ or bud, which was
to produce the new stalk. The eggs, being depo-
sited in that part of the germ, which adheres to the
grain, are enclosed within the first two leaves that
spring directly from the germ. They are not often
found at the third blade, though this may occur
without violation of the general principle, as they
may be deposited a little deeper in the germ, or
may be moved in the growth of the plant.

I was led to this opinion while walking in my
garden between the rows of peas, ripening for seed.
The pods had become yellow, but not dry, and
opposite to every full pea in the pods, I observed
a white circular space, from which the juice had
e.xuiled, and in the centre a perforation. This was
done bv the insect which deposits in the pea the
egg that produces the pea bug. And this is the
general habit of insects to deposit their ova or
eggs, in some soft and moist substance, as cher-
ries, plums, &c. The fact observed in the peas,
led me at once to the opinion that the Hessian fly
deposited its eggs in a similar manner in the grains
of wheat in their ripening state, before they be-
came hard.

Some time about or in the year 1820, or '21, I
published an essay on the Hessian fly, melting forth
my opinion, in the Pert Folio, edited by Harrison
Hall, Esq,, Philadelphia. In that essay I recom-
mended a trial of the fidlowing remedy, which I
have used in a small way, and never found it fail.
Soak the seed wheat in lime water, kept milk-warm,
till the grain is swollen to the point of almost
sprouting; then roll in plaster, after draining, till
well coated, to prevent injury to the seedinan's
hand, ami to promote vegetation.

I was led to this recommendation by reflecting
that two agents, heat and moisture, are necessary
to quicken or vivify insect's eggs. The eggs be-
ing in the grain, the warmth of the water would
quicken them, aird the lime would so corrode the
membrane or coating of the eggs as to destroy
their vitality.

Enrli/ anil Latt Sowing. — Wheat sown early is
often destroyed by the fly in autumn, because there
then remains, generally, warm weather enough to
quicken the egg and bring it into the " flax-seed"
state, and sometimes to the fly state, and then the
mischief is done in autumn. In very late sowing,
there does not, usually, follow warm weather sufli-
cicnl to quicken tlie egg, and it remain-i protected
in the earth till the wurm weather of spring, com-
monly in this climate about the lOlh of May, when
its progress to maturity shows its ravages at every
stage.

In our climate, filleen miles north of Washing-

ton city, the safest time, to avoid both the forego-
ing risks, is found by experience to be from the
1st to the 10th or l.'ith of October. The reason of
this selection of time is, that in ordinary seasons,
there will remain warm weather sufficient to
quicken the eggs, but not enough to advance them
to an injurious slate before the hard frosts com-
mence, which will destroy them easily, after being
quickened. The general rule, however, as to the
time of 8 iwing, must be regulated by the latitude
of the place, so as to avoid the extremes of early
and late, in reference to that latitude. And, after
all, the rule and the reasons above assigned for it,
will be subject to infringement and excepiions,
owing to the difference of the weather in different
autumnal seasons.

Cold ffiniers and little Snow Fifty years ago,

before the inroads of tlie Hessian fly, the farmers
were delighted to see their fields covered with
snow during the winter, as a protection to the grow-
ing crops. Not 30 now. Our best wheat crops
follow winters in which the snows ore light, and
the ground generally bare or nearly so, and hard
frozen, so that little of green appears in the wheat
fields, and then they are not troubled by the'fly in
the spring. I have observed this for thirty years
The reason, I presume, is that the eggs of the fly
and other insects, in their unprotected state, art
destroyed by the severe frosts ; wlierea.-<, this eflTect
is prevented when the ground is deeply coveret
with lasting snows.

Sincerely yours, JOHN MINES.

From the Magazine of Horiieulture.

THE "YELLOWS" l.\ THE PEACH TRKE.

I have noticed occasional useful remarks on lh<
best varieties and the culture of fruiv trees in you
valuable Magazine; hut I have not, as yet, seei
any remarks upon the disease called the yellows
which affects the peach tree,- or reasons assignc
for its prevalence. If the caCse could be foun
out, it might lead to a cure, which would render
lasting benefit to our country. However vahiabl
most other fruits are, none are equal to the peac
in delicious flavor and healthiness, and I shoul
therefore be pleased to see this subject carefull
investigated, and the experience of some of yoii
intelligent correspondents communicated Ihroug
your pages.

And as I have, for about thirty years, occasior
ally had iny attention drawn to this subject, I ai
willing to throw in my mite of experience. I ai
fully satisfied that the complaint exists. Som
persons siiy that the worm at the root is the caus
of the yellows. I acknowledge that any diserdc
that destroys the trees will cause the leaves t
turn yellow, but the complaint I call the yellow
will kill a whole orchard, without any visibl
wounds, on or before the third or fourth full cro|
I think where any neighborhood abounds wii
peach orchards, it will be nearly impossible t
keep clear of the disease.

On planting out young peach trees on the sid
of u peach nursery, two years after the norser
was removed, and although the ground was in otlu
respects well suited for the growth of the peac
tri 1', yet by the next autumn many of them wei
dead, and the balance so sickly that I had tliei
all dug up, and there was no sign of the worm i
the roots. From this, and other similar cxper
inenis, I think the di.-^ease may be generated b
planting in or near where a nursery or orchard <

vi»i.. XX. Sio. :i.

A N O H O 11 'I" I C U L T U R A I, R E G I S T K R .

19

fM'fli li irv'i's liaa bi-eii, nr wlioro llio Utlor la ; coii-
soiiiii'iilly, wliorc a iiLMfjIibortiocid nbuuiulH Willi
peart) trcfi<, llioie m ilmifrcr of lis boconiinjf ovor-
aprcail ^riili UiseaHO, without (;reater caru tliuii is
usually taken to prevent it.

I tliink I liavo seen eviiicncea of ils bnintf in
lome ili'(jrce contagious. Riclmrd Cromwoll tlio '
respcct.ibli' and worthy poach raiser, near Hnlti-
more, has Tor upwanls of thirty years supplied thai
city with I'oaches of the host ijuality, on n Urgo
scale. Some tunc since, when I was walkiiiji with
Mr Cromwell t.'iroiigh his poach orclianl, when the
trees were lianffinp full of ripe fruit. In; pointed out
t tree that ho said had the yellows, liaving a full
crop upon it, at that time worth one dollar per peck,
ijid to me It appeared lienllliy ; bul lie observed to [
luc, " as soon as I take the fruit from the tree, I
shall dii; it up, in order lo prevent the disease
spreading any farther, for 1 expect the side of the
idjoiiiing trees next to it will be alfccted next sea-
son.'' 1 hail occasion lo pass throurjli Mr Croiii-
well's orchard the next fruiting' time, and the sickly
tree Jiad been dug up, but, as had been predicted,
|>arts of the four neighborin^j trees were evidently
much aiVected, but only the sides next to the dis-
eased tree, which made it the iiioru striking and
:onvincing of the contagion, if this is a proper
term.

Oo another occasion, I had a favorite early pur-
ple peach, before F had a nursery, that I suspected
was p.irlially atTccted by the yellows, and being de-
jirous of pri->sfirving the variety, I cut the healthiest
branch I could get, and I had twelve buds inserted
ij heilthy peach stocks, but when tliry had grown
ibcut three feel, they showed ;he disease so plain-
ly that in order to prevent it from spreading, I
oullcJ up all the trees ami had them burnt

From these cases, it seems lo me the disease
'Tiay be generated by planting old peach orchards
)r nurseries too soon after the removal of the old
rees, and also by planting too near those already
liffected with the disease ; and if cuttings or sci-
ins arc taken from disea-sed trees, their product
will be also diseased. I also think the yellows
Tiay be cominunicated to young trees by planting
^eeds taken from diseased peach trees.
Respectfully, your friend,

ROBERT SINCLAIR.

Clairmont .Yarsery, March, 1841.

From the Albany CaliiTtitor.

FLOORED AND UNFLOORED STABLES.

Messrs Gaylord if Tucker — Among the many
valuable articles in your Cultivator, I noticed one
■ecentlv headed "Stables without Floors." 1 have
jcen in the habit, for a few years past, of using
loored and ground stables, and have concluded
l.hat in general for cattle, stables without floors
were the best ; but for horses I prefer a good plank
Hoor, and for this reason: I think that a horse can
■)e kept more comfortably and cleaner on a floor
Jian on the ground ; and I think full as much ma-
lure can be made on a tight floor as on the ground.
Dne argument which your correspondent unes is,
hat " horses' hoofs are greatly benefited by stand-
ng on the ground." Now, I do not profess lo bo
Tiuch acipiainted with horse flesh, but 1 think it
ooks reasonable that the cleaner and dryer a
lorsc's hoofs are kept, the belter they will be pre-
served from disease ; and I am certain that they
;an be kept as dry on a floor as on the ground.

We are now using ground and floor slahlcs for our
emtio, and I don't know but llmt we niako ns much
maniiri" on our floor n» on nlir ground slnbles. Bul
M.s floor sliibles wiil be used by a good many, I
would rocomnuMid to all those who a'O about build-
ing, lo have iheir plank siwed of an even thick-
ness and joinli'il so ns to make it light. In laying
down the plank, l<>t them he laid so that lh« hinil
feet of the onttlo may rest an inch or two lower
than their foro feet. Lol there he, at the boltom
of the floor near the door sill, a trough sunk down
on a level with iho floor. This will serve to catch
all the liquids and juices ivhicli will fall on the
floor, and wiili a shovel, it can be put in and mixed
with the heap. In this way I think full as much
manure can lie made as upon the ground.

With regard to spreading manure about the cat-
tle yard, I am of the same opinion of your corres-
pondent, that to let the cattle tread upon it, it
serves to mix it with other manures; if left lo lie
in a heap it is apt to burn, and become useless.
We have found too, upon trial, that one load of
manure housed, is worth two loads which are left
out to be drenched by the rains and to undergo the
action of the frost. It will pay as good interest to
house our manure as to house our cattle.
Yours, with respect,

L. DURAND.

POPULAR ERRORS— FARMING IN THE
MOON.

The moon has given rise to abundance of super-
stitious observances, and from the very earliest
ages has been supposed to exercise a great influ-
ence over the earth and men. Many of these su-
perstitions have been exploded, while others still
retain no inconsiderable hold on the public mind,
and are pregnant sources of error. On no point is
this more perceptible than in farming. That the
moon can produce any perceivable influence on
crops, or deserves the slightest regard in their sow.
ing or planting, is a notion as false in philosophy
as it is contrary to fact. That the waxing or wa-
ning of the moon has any influence on the growth
of vegetables or their germination, is a noticm be-
longing to the same age as astrology and witch,
craft; and like these beliefs, should ere this have
ceased to exist. The celebrated Arago collected
from various sources all the well-authenticated
facts relating to the influence of the moon on ag-
riculture and the weather, and came to the conclu-
sion, "that there was no reason whatever to con-
firm the common notion that changes of weather
attended changes ot the moon, or that this lumina-
ry has any perceptible effect, or is in the least
worthy of notice in conducting the processes of
niiriculturc." Some of the old superstitions or
notions on this subject may, however, be worthy
of notice here. Tusser says, in his "500 Points
of Husbandry" —

" Sow peas and beans in the w.ine of thejinoon ;
Who sowelli ihem Booni'r, he soweth too soon ;
That they with the planet may rise.
And flourisli with bearing most plentiful-wise.''

But though such was the general feeling, there
were some enlightened and intelligent enough to
perceive the absurdity of suc!i notions, and expose
these errors. Thus Weverfel, in 1748, in an Es-
say on Superstition, says —

'■The superstitious man will not commit his seed
to the earth when the .»oi7, but when the moon re-
quires it. He will not have his hair cut when the

inooii iH in Leo, lest liia lockn i.hould staro like >
lion's umii« ; nor when it is in Aries, lest they
should curl like a ram'ahoin."

I would «By to the farmer, don't trouble your-
self about the moon. Sec that y<Mir land la in fine
tilth, well manured and drained ; your seed fresh
and free from foul matter ; and when you arc ready,
Sow, without consulting the moon or the almanac.
If nil is right in other respects, the moon, no mat-
ter what may bo its position, will not hurt you or
your crop ; and if your land is but half prepared
or tilled, rely on the moon as much as you please,
and you have no right to expect a crop.

If you see at the present time, n man's fences
buried in briars, his fields overrun with bushes
and thistles, and his orchards neither trimmed nor
pruned ; thot man may be set down as a believer
in signs, one who governs his fanning by the moon,
and who will, in all probability, reap such a har-
vest, and experience such results as so irrational
and unphilosophical a course indicates. — Gtnestt
Farmer.

From the Farmer's Cabinet.

CULTIV.^TION.

I have often thought that Dr. Johnson's definition
of the business of a schoolmaster, was particularly
applicable to that of the agricultur.:! journalist:
"To recall vagrant attention," and to "stimulate
sluggish indiff'erence."

Every movement of the farmer — every step he
takes, is emphatically under the broad canopy of
heaven : he plows, he plants, he cultivates, under
a full persuasio:i of the fidelity of Nature's great
"Fruclifier." He throws broadcast his seed into
her bosom, nothing doubting the continued fulfil-
ment of the ancient promise, that seed-time and
harvest shall not cease while the earth remaineth.

It is an appropriate duty of the periodicals which
the farmer reads and puts into the hands of his
cliildien, not only lo keep him informed of the im-
provements that are continually bettering the con-
dition of his craft, and every thing connected with

his thrift but also to raise his views from his

horses and his plow, to the magnificence of nature
that is around him, and from nature — as the poet
says — up to nature's (Jod ; and to remind him occa-
sionally of the fact, which his customary round of
duties may lead him to fiirget, that his vocation, if
properly followed, is among the noblest and most
ennobling, pursued by man. There is a progres-

sivencss an onward course, in the efforts of the

farmer, that render them delightful ; and why
should not this be continually accomjianied by a
conesponding improvement of the mind, and en-
largement of views, that would place Aisamongthe
most intelligent and respectable of the professions.

There is great inducement for our farming popu-
lation to believe that the tendency of every thing
connected with their vocation is, like every thing
else in this great and wonderful republic, upward
and onivard. Let us then extend our views — let
us " look aloft"— let us aim, a.^ Sir Philip Sidney
advises, at the " mid-day sun." and who can doubt
but our judicious enterprise will render the result
correspondent with the aim .' — as advantageous to
the permanent interests of the country, as it will
be gratifyingand beneficial to ourselves. • Z. Y.

Marriage is a feast where the grace is sometimes
better than ike dinner, — Lacon.

20

NEW E N G L A X D FAR M E R ,

JULY 2t, IR4I.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The Committee on Flowers recommend the fol-
lowing prcjniiims for tlic year 1841 :

Pansies — Fur the best 12 varieties, a premium of $5

Best n varieties, ' ' 3

Best seedling flower, ' ' 2

Piconies — For the best display of flower.s, ' ' 5

2d best ' . i . 3

Pinks — For the best display of Pinks, ' ' 5

Best G dissimilar kinds, ' ' 3

Best seedlinsr, ' ' 2

Roses — For the best 50 different varieties ' ' 8

2d best .50 ' ' ■ i 5
3d best .50 ' .113
Best display of Cliinese and lender

Roses, a ])rcmiurn of .5

2d best do. do. 3

Carnations — For the best 24 varieties, a prein. of 5

2d best 24 do. ' ' 3

Best 6 fJowers, of sorts, ' ' -3

German Asters — For the best display of flow-

firs, a premium of 5

2d best do. do. a premium of 3
Balsams — For the best S different varieties, a

premium of 3

2d best 8 do. do. a premium of 2
Perennials — For the best display of flowers, a

premium of 3

Ne.\t best do. do. a premium of i

Annuals — For the best display, a premium of 3

Next best do. ' ' 2

Dahlias — In the following order :

Premium prize : fi dissimilar blooms, 10

Best specimen bloom, any color, 4

2d best do. do. do. 2
(Open to nil cultivators.)

Division A.

(Open to all cultivators of more than two hun-
dred plants.)

Class I. Best 24 dissimilar blooms, a prize of (3

2d best 24 do. do. ' ' 4

Class II. Best 12 dissimilar blooms, ' ' 5

2d best 12 do. do. ' ' 3

Class III. Best C dissimilar blooms, ' ' 4

2d best C do. do. ' ' 2

Division B.
(Open to all cultivators of more than one hun-
dred plants.)

Class I. Best 24 dissimilar blooms, a prize of C

2d best 24 do. do. ' ' 4

Class II. Best 12 dissimilar blooms, ' ' 5

2d best 12 do. do. ' ' 3

Class III. Best (J dissimilar blooms, ' • 4

2d best G do. do. ' ' 2

SI.W
The same rules and regulations which were vo
ted lust year, will bo observed Ihi.i.

The committee Impe that the increased interest
which has been manifested by the public to visit
the Society's room, will be reciprocated on the part
of the members, by as rich displays as possible;
and every individual is inviled to contribute.

C. M. HOVEY, Chairman.
Boston, June 12//i, 1841.

Gross and vulgar minds will always pay a high-
er respect to wealth than to talent ; for wealth, al-
though it be a far less efficient sourceof power than
talent, happens to be far more intelligible. — Lacon.

From the liaUimore Patriot.

A CONTENTED FARMER.
" Was there ever such a person knoiin as a contented
Farmer ')"
The talented editors of the .American and Com-
mercial Advertiser, in their report of Thursday,
asked the question whicii I have placed at the head
of this article. I answer yes, there have been, and
there arc thousands of contented farmers. Roll
back the pages of ancient history. Let us for a
moment go back to mighty Rome, where Agricul-
ture was held in the highest estimation, and where
such men as Scipio practiced and praised its pur-
suits. Here, too, we sec the great and glorious
Cincinnatus guiding a plow, and refusing the
brilliant offer of a croivn — the crown of the mis-
tress of the world. Was not the farmer Cincinna-
tus happy, when he gave up or rather refused the
grandeur of a throne, and all the pomp, the pride
and pageantry of royalty, for the peace and quiet
of his domestic birth ? To him the ojien field,
waving with tlie golden grain, the shady wood-
land, and the great church of Nature, were more
attracting than the splendor of Rome, " Niobe of
Nations." Far dearer to him was the humble cot-
tage of his childhood, than the grand and gaudy
palace of the Caesars. He was contented, and
what cared he for the renown of the proudest po-
tentates that ever swayed the sceptre, or the might-
iest heroes that ever baptized the world in blood.
The great book of nature was open before him;
and the morning hymns of the feathered choir had
more charms for him than music in the brilliant
halls in the city of the Ciesars. In the lieautiful
flower that bloomed at his door, he saw an emblem
of mortoiity — in its fragrance and beauty he fan-
cied the virtues of the human character, and in its
fragile nature he saw an emblem of the mortality
«f man.

J then ask the question, was not such a farmer
contented, when for his farm he refused all the
grandeur and glory, all the pomp and splendor of
Roman power ? Happy in his' humble home, he
despised the crimson robes of royalty, and the de-
ceitful adulation of cringing courtiers. Cincinna-
tus was emphatically a contented man.

There are a few illiterate farmers who are al-
ways unhappy and dissatisfied with their lot; but
the great mass are contented and happy. And the
farmer should be the most contented of mortals, be-
cause he has the greatest reason and the greatest
cause to bo so. In the first place, the fariuer is
the most independent of all men, for he is depen-
dent on none but (Jod. He sees the rain descend
upon his green fields, and lifts his heart in grati-
tude to that sublime Being who guides and governs
the universe. He i-an produce all he needs; his
house is a jiattern of neatness, and his daughters
models of innocence nnd virtue. They know not
the hoilow-heartedness — the coquetry and frivolity
of the city. Like the poet Moore's charming girl,
" Tlii'V blush when you praise lh<im,
And wcnp whnn you l>lnnic them."
Seated around tlie homestead hearth upon a win-
ter's evening, who is so happy as the farmer?

" The childrrn a group, cluslnr round.
All Hiiiiliui! tjiroufjli ro^es <>l bnnllh ;

All when' cnn thtise riches bi' found,
SiirpnsKing ihr jiu^handman's wealtli ?

And oh, ifllipru's crntiludp due
Kroni all lei the Father of lo»u.

How uft should Iho farmer renew

Hit thanks for ihos* giftii from above'

The farmer's family is a family of health. They
show not the delicacy and disease which harrat^s
the pampered sons of the city. True, they have
not the refinement, the knowledge and luxury,
which are common in the city ; but at the same
time they have not the acuteness of sorrow and
suffering they bring with them. Industry is the
watchword of the farmer's family.

" For love of wealth some get ensnared

In sppciilalion's toils,
And Cillers when disasters come

Are ncrabbliiig for ihe "spoils;"
ijtill does Ihe prudent laimer pay

To inrliisiry his vow,
Nor heeds the struggle nor tlie strife.

But steady guides his plow."

I have tasted the luxuries of the city and the
country. 1 have stood in the. halls of grandeur
and wealth, surrounded by pomp and pride ; I have
knelt at the feet of the proud, haughty, and beau-
tiful lady seated in tin? splendid ottoman, and I
have talked love to the simple, but sincere and
beautiful girl of the cottage : bnt where did I find
most contentment, most happiness? Not in the
lordly halls of wealth — for pomp and grandeur al-
ways carry with them, like the rose, a thorn ; while
the modest lily carries nothing but its loveliness
and charms.

I love the city best, because it is my nature tc
wish to move amid congregated men. I love tht
human race, whether they shine in the gay ant
gaudy saloon, or move in the silent fields. But '
do firmly believe, that the farmers of our country
are the happiest and most contented men on earth
I believe their wives and daughters to be the pat
terns of neatness, industry and virtue. In ancicn
Rome the farmer was considered the most rcspecta
ble of all professions, inasmuch as his was th(
groundwork of all, and from him they derived ihei
sustenance. There are many weak-minded per
sons who, because wealth has raised them abovi
the necessity of following a profession, affect !■
despise the farmer — affect to look down upon hir
with contempt. Why ? Because lie labors in ih
field to feed such fellows as these. It is always
murk of ignorance in a man to despise honest in
dustry and judge a man's character by his profes
sion. It is not the business that ennobles the mar
but the man that ennobles the business.

MILFORD BARD

The following is from a very interesting addres
delivered before the Boston Natural History Soci
cly, May .5, by J. E. Teschemacher :

" I hope yet to see the time when every niombc
of the Legislature of this State, shall see his ow
district fully represented in the halls of this Soci
etv, by specimens of its geology, its mincrnlogx
its polished marbles, its soils, timber, and all th
products of its earth and waters ; that the Amen
can, as well as the foreigner, thirsting for a know]
edge of the works and operations of nature in thi
rich and beautiful country, may find here such ir
dications to guide him in his researches and facili
tate him in his inquiries.

"Our Commonwealth eo liberal, I had nearl
said^lavish, in its appropriations for the educatio
of its youth, will no doubt soon feel it a duty (
equal if not of superior importance, to instill a tast
for such healthy, useful and innocent studies inl
those minds in a more adult state, of which it ha
been so careful during their infancy.

" Surely no employment tor leisure hours can b

VOL. X'. .MO. 3.

AND H O R T I (M' L T U R A L R E G 1 S 1' i; \{ .

21

Tjoro inlcri'slmij, iiioro univcrsiilly nlt«in.iblc m | h mi\y be oh well lo iilato, that llioro wo« not n new inndo drill, tlint part of it wliicli rccoivci thn
very station, limn tlio study of tlip vsrlous brsncli- ilio slightest cliunKO iniiJo in Bi.ussom'h kci-p dn- |8eed is formed of the sun hnkcn pirticlos of soil
IS of nnlural history. Offer to the youth a piiro ring the trinl : she run in tho posture with the nth- i from the Hiirfiico forced into the centre from either
Tountnin at which he can imbibe s tnstc for those cr cowh, and was fed precisely as she hod been nidi-, which, if ullnwcd to lie for a doy or two, im-
lursulLs anil vou ijive hiin fripiid.i, conipanioim, before, and will bo all iho scoson. She hnd her bibea from the surrounding soil the moisture, and
which in tho crowded cilv, in lite forest or in iho first calf in .\pril, 1838, and her sixth on the 13th makes u better receptacle for the seed. One road
ilder'noss, can never desert him. Let him wander | of last .April, (liavin>j twins twice,) ami durinff that | in the middle of the field was manured from the

)vcr the universe in commercial pursuits ; let him I time we have never been oble to jrel her dry, oh
follow any profession, any mannfacture ; lot him she has alwoys given from 12 lo I(i quarts per day
issumo the character of the hardy pioneer in the up to calviii<r

Imosl unbounded West, ho will carry that in his
mind which will keep alive the flame of gratitude
:o his beloved Commonweallh. and which will nut
suffer him to rest until he shall have communica-
:ed to her kindred spirits. In her halls of science,
:he natural production' of the countries he vi.-'its
Dr explores, or in which he dwells. The warmth
itb which the commiiBicatiims from Ohio, recent-

r published in our journals, hove been received
by us, IS a sufficient proof of the feeling with which

he recept of such productions would be recipro-
Mtcd here."

Very rofpectfullv,

SAMUEL C.\N BY.
h'ootlsitle, June 29, 184L

lilossom's Yield of Milk for One If'eek.
Iflll. Morning N»on. Kvening. Total.

12 qls. 10 l.'Jqts. m qts.

12

121-2

12

12

12

12

June 2d,

13 l-2qt.s.

3d,

13 12

4th,

13 1-2

5th,

13 1 .2

Olh,

13 1-2

7tli,

13 1-2

eth,

13 1-2

11

3.;*

JO 1-2

3(!*

11

3»U

10 12

3(i

10 1-2

31)

10 1-2

.3()

THE COW " BLOSSOM."
We wrote, some days since, and published, an
Tlicle on the relative merits of three cows — one !
jwned by Mr Canby, near Wilmington; another!
bv Mr Gowcn, near Philadelphia ; and the third j
by Mr .Morris, near West Chester; and the repub- j
licalion of that article reminds us that we did in- 1
justice to Bf.sst, Mr Canby's animal, by oinittin

Total,

2'')3.'

Being on an average over 36 quarts per day.

AN ACCOUNT
Of the mode of CiUlure adopted in raising a Crop
of Turnips loith Liijuid Manure.
After the separation from the ground of the
to slate all the circumstances attending her yield | white crop which generally ptecedes fallow, it is

of milk and butter. We tried in vain to obtain
those particulars which, if needed, would have ad-
ded to her fame. But we must wail until the next

real ; and although one humble cow be the theme
of remark, and we no Brahmin to do her reveren(-e,
f et do we think a good milch cow and her abun-
dant yield of milk, arc more legiliinate themes of

ommeiidation than a little runt of a horse, whose
whole well doing consists in the ability to raise
*n extraordinary quantity of dust for about twenty
ireds, by a most ungraceful use of his feet, misnam-
ed trotting. ,

After the above was written, we received the
following polite reply to a note which we addressed
to Mr Canby, sen. We thank our friend for his
Ikind attention. It will be seen that while the
good animal has given an abundance of milk, the
" blossom" has not been without fruit. — V. S. Gaz.

Dear Sir — My father has just shown me your
letter, requesting an account of my Durham cow
Bi-ossoM, her milking, &c. Below is the state-
ment for one week, by which you will perceive she
exceeds last year's trial, both in milk and butter,
particularly the latter; as during the trial last year,
the weather was much warmer than this, and as
we have, for want of a spring house, to keep our
milk in a cellar, every one conversant wiili the
business will know it cannot yield as much in hot
weallier. Indeed, I have not a doubt, that with a
good spring house, she would have made 1!) or 20
pounds of butter this season.

Last year, one month from calving. Blossom
gave for the week 247 1-2 quar s, being over 35
quarts per day, which made 13 1-4 pounds of well

< worked butter. This summer, near two months
after calving, she gave, in one week, 2.53 1-2 qts.,
being over 3t; quarts per day, which yielded 17 1-4
pounds of superior butter, which was well worked
before weighing : the milk, also, was never meas-

A ured until after the froth settled.

the first of the preparatory measures towards nnoth
er crop to give this a furrow about the end of au-
tumn. This is too commonly done in a careless
manner, as being unworthy the care bestowed
where the seed has to be sown without any spring
|)lowing, and almost always with loo shallow a
furrow. This is done under a notion that by leav-
ing the roots of those grasses and weeds, with which
the field may be infested, near the surface, the win-
ter frost will destroy them. This notion is erro-
neous, for frost does not destroy these roots; their
natural position in the soil is near the surface, and
the frost often penetrates much deeper without do-
ing them any injury. They can be destroyed in
the ground only by burying them out of that con-
nexion with the air which is necessary to their ex-
istence. This may partly be effected by plowing
deep, late in the full, which also deepens the sta-
ple of the soil and brings the under soil into i;on-
tact with the air and the winter frost, by which it
is ameliorated.

The field in whicli the turnips were raised was,
in conformity with the above remarks, plowed deep.
It laid in this state throughout the winter, and was
harrowed in March, previous to the commencement
of applving the urine. The barrel employed con-
tained half a ton. Behind the barrel was a box
crossways for the equal distribution of the urine,
which covered n space six feel broad. Each bar-
rel served in leujth fortyeight yards, which, at two
broad, made sixty per Scotch acre, or thirty tons
per acre of manure. The sources from which the
liquid ivas drained afforded only five barrels per
day ; consequently considerable time was occupied
in going over six and a half acres. During the
time, the field received a plowing in the first week
of May ; then part of the field was irrigated before
plowing, and part after. It was drilled at 30 inch-
es, and sown with red-top yellow turnips. A
few days elapsed after drilling, for this reason : in

cuw-housc at the rate of 28 tons per acre, to afford
atrial of the value of the urino. Thoy came up
with a most beautiful uniformity after the urine,
not one inch of the drill weaklier than another;
that after the dung was in tufts, arising from the
difliculty of each part getting n fair proportion in
quantity and quality of dung in the beginning of
December. The day before the show, equil por-
tions were taken up and weighed, but there wag
no difference in weight, whioh was at the rate of
3(1 tons per acre. Those from the urino were
more uniform in size than those from the dung ;
which characteristic they had kept from the time
of their coming up to their gathering.

The result of the trial justifies an opinion, al-
ready entertained by the writer of this, that the
urine has not as a manure, been held in that esti-
mation that it ought to have been. When cattle
arc much on green food, it forms one fourth of the
whole manure, as in the case above cited, where it
was equal to this portion ; the dung otherwise be-
ing 7 tons. From the fact ascertained by the above
experiment, that its effects are not destroyed by
early application, it can be laid regularly on as
made ; or should the field on which it is to be laid
not be ready it can be stored by having it absorbed
in dry earth, and then carted to the field — Louis-
ville Journal.

From ihe British Farmer's Magazine.

ON DESTROYING RATS.

Sir — The following is a reply to your corres-
pondent's inquiry as to the best mode of destroying
rats. Should he find either of these methods suc-
cessful, he will oblige by a reply through your pa-
per.

1st — Corks, cut as thin as sixpences, roasted or

stewed in grease, and placed in their tracks :

or — Dried sponge in small pieces, fried or dipped

in honey, with a little oil of rhodium :
or — Bird lime, laid in their haunts, will stick to
their fur, and cause their departure.
If a live rat be caught, and well rubbed or brush-
ed over with tar and train oil, and afterwards put
to escape in the holes of others, they will disap-
pear.

Poisoning is a very dangerous and objectionable
mode. If any of your chemical readers could sug-
gest any very pungent smell, procurable from sub-
stances resembling garlic or asafcEtida, this might
be of great use, as this animal has an extraordina-
ry fineness or susceptibility of scent: witness its
extreme predilection for oil of rhodium, &.c. 1
consider your correspondent's query a very impor-
tant one, and it is surprising that the attention of
farmers and others concerned in the removal of
these vermin, has in this age of discovery been so
little drawn to the subject.

A Constant Sdbscriber.

None are so seldom found alone, and so soon
tired of their own company, as those coxcombs
who are on the best terms with themselves. — Lacon.

22

NEW ENGLAND FAR M E R ,

JUIiT ai, 1841,

AM> HORTICULTUBAL RK.ISTER.

Boston, Wedseaoay, July 21, 1841.

TiiDVrpS! ; returns of llie election have reached us, the conserva-

TURMIb jtivepirty, which is in favor of retaining the present

The present mont'i acid the early part of the next, is , ^^^^ j^^^^ |^,^^ gamed. Wc see no reason to expect the

HOEING, WKEDING, Ac.

All the crops should be kept free from weeds. Our
|.lanU nre impeded in growth by these intrn lers upon
the cultivated lands; and when wc permit the weeds
to ripen, they sow the seed of a future crop that will
call for much labor fo:- its extermination, or which
will be vnsily injurious to our grain cr"pa. At ihis
time, if the wenlher be good, you will find il hard to
hang up the s'-ythe and take the hoe ; but it is hellci to
let your low-land grasses Bland uncut for a few days,
than to let the weeds git possession of your tilled lands,
or to leave your corn and roots with the earth unstirred
around and amona them. It is customary to finish hoe-
in? our corn and such olher crops as wo can work
ar^ongsi wilhout bro.iking the tops, loo early in the sea-
son. There must be benefit in stirring the earth until
our corn is filling out. One more hoeing than custom
gives, would be servicciible ; but hy hoeing we do not
meJ earthiti; i/;.-thal would be injurious afler the
brace rools h.ive fixed their hold— but we me.in merely
birring the surface, and giving lo air and light the freest ^^_^^^ ^^ .^^ ^^ ^^^^
possible access to the roots. When we say there must ^,^^^^ ^,^^^^ ^_ _^ ^^
be hcnifit, wo are e.xpressing a firm bclnf, though we
never made so accurate an expcriinenl as to render il
impossible that wc may be mistaken. This point, that
is, whither it would not be profitable lo hoe the corn
about the first of August, may bo of some practical im-
porlance, and we hope that some of our friends will
make experiments by which it may be determined. But
should they undertake- it, wc must request Ihcm to do
it when the sun is hoi and when the corn is dry nnd
tough. At other times the leaves and stalks would be
liable to be broken.

Should the corn stand erect, the horse will pass
through it without d.-ing much harm, provided you
use a'vcry short wlufflctree, which may be done, if you
use siiiriealher traci-s or lugi.— Polaloos should nol bo
disturbed afler iho vines have fallen. The lops of such
roots as grow mostly under ground should be treated
very gently, such iis the carrot, parsnip and the like ;
but I he turnip tribes seem to thrive quite ns well when
kicked about and subjected to harsh treatment, as when
genlly used. Is il or is it not true, ihat high winds and
hard brusliings benefit all plants of which the roots may
be moved by the swaying of the lop-ai turnips, corn,
and soma others ? Does the starting of the rools cause
the roots lu strengthen lliiir fibres and become more
viToious ? And is il true, that all straining or breaking
of'the tops of potatoes, carrots and other plants where
lh« root is not moved by the moving of the lop, is inju-
riou» ? These are questions which we pul in hopes that
observations will be made in view lo answering ihom.
As we go back lo Ihe past, memory finds that in aeve-
ral years when our corn crop has been largest, the sum-
mer winds have once or twice laid the corn nearly pros-
Irate. Is tbero any eonntction belwe.n this racking—
this oxeieising of the corn— and the amount of ihe crop?
yhnuld theso queslinns be satisfactorily settled in the
affirmative, we shimid find here a reason for not hilling
the corn. Wc might got also some useful rules to guide
us in our ireatinent of the various crops.

the time for towing the English or flat turnip. On all
spots of ground Ihal hive been well manured the pre-
sent season, and from which the crop has been removed,
also, on all spots where other kinds of soids have tailed,
the turnips should be pul. The pea ground and olher
spots in the garden, should be ii.p.-oprialcd lo them.—
In the fields loo, » here the corn, Ihe beans or the vines
are loo thin, scatter the turnip seeds This root, culti-
vated in this way, costs but little, and it is acceptable
and useful to ihe slock in the early pari of the winter.
On those farms where the hay crop is short, ve would
advise to the sowing of turnips ,is extensively as the
manure heap will allow. Break up any piece of sward
land Ihat is not dry, roll and harrow well; furrow or
maikoulin drills2 l-2to3 feel apart; pul nianuie in
the furrows; cover it slightly with dirt; then sow on
Ihe seed with the hand and cover it with either a hoe
or rake. Let the plants come up thick, and afterwards
you must thin out and «eed ibem well. Let them
stand 3 or 4 inches apart. Thus cullivalcd ih 'y usually
yi^ld well. Fresh or unlermented manure is quite as
good as that which is rotted down fine ; the crop on the
fine manure will look the best until Ihe lailor part of
September, when the turnips on the unfernienled dung
will make the most rapid progress, and at harvest time

K!*^ "Ill v\i m«- '"'^ ••

Where winter food for the slock is likely to be short.

corn laws, has gained. Wc see no reason to expect the
triumph of the liberals, though for this we have been
hoping. As an American ciiiien we have hoped that a
market for our grain would be opened in England, so
thai wc might be able to pay ofi" our annual dues to ihat
country, in articles produced on our soil. And for a
further reason we have hoped it. The general disposi-
tions of the liberal party are more friendly to our coun-
try, than those of the conservatives, and the chances for
settling the questions in dispute between us wilhout re-
sort to arms, are greater when the liberals are in tbe at-
ndency, than when the conservalivee hold the reins
of government.

CROl'S IN ENGLAND.

The occounts by the last arrival indicate that ihe crop*
in England may fall slightly below the average. The
newspapers of the city sum op the mailer in an expres-
sion like the following : " The English crops are repre-
sented as exhibiting a mist luxoiiant appearance." But
in turning over our files of the Mark Lane Express, and t
looking particularly at ihe last returns from the various
parts of the Island, we infer that the grain crops can
hardly reach an average.

BLACK SQUASH BUG.
When walking over Ihe grounds of a gentleman in

Where winter food for the slock is likely lo ue snort, ■ ° ; fvieiisivelv vceetables

r u ,1 I, „„„ „„^ ,,.n., C.r ihf this vicinity, who raises, very eiiensiviiy, vtgt.iauie*

irv and save the vines of bo I beans and lean lor ini j' u , i i ;.„.,„„„ it,*

ury ana savi. uie vioi f„, ni.r market, we noticed an old shingle lying upon the

cattc are very fond of both

Farmers are often advised to sow turnips among ihei

for our market, we noticed an old shingle lying upon the
ground near the toots oflhe vine8,in each hill of squash-

Farmers are often advised to sow turnips —^"Z The gentleman stated that all ihe black bugs would

corn. Fifty or an hundred bushels to the ac e may thus es- g ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^^^_

be obliiinid in many instances with very little labor
Some tell us that the turnips do not injure the corn.
The correctness of this opinion may well be doubted.
Where ihe corn is large and thick, il will require all
the nourishmenl which the land can furnish If the
corn be lliin upon the ground, thera may bo profit in
pulling in the turnips. As far, however, as our obser
valions give u< any opinion upon iho subject, it is, that
turnips are injurious lo corn- more injurious to this
crop than lo any ollirr; and we doubt w bother it is, as
a general rule, good husbandry to admi' the turnips
among the corn, or to plant corn upon land that bore
turnips the preceding year.

Our minds are asdilTcrent os our faces; we are all
travelling lo one deslinaiion — happiness; but none are
going by the same road — Ijicon.

BRITISH CORN LAWS.
ll is known lo most of our readers, wo suppose, that
in England the duties on foreign or imported grain vary
inversely with ihe price of grain. Thol is, when grain
is scarce and high, the duties nre low ; when bread stuff's
are abundant and cheap, the duties are high. Such du-
liei', of course, give to the Brilisli agriculturists the ex-
clusive possession of iheir market, excepting in limes
of scarcity. When the crops in England are good, we
can send them no flour and corn, because the laws ihcrc
then impose a duly on what we send, so hi/;h, that
we cannot pay il without loss on the shipnicot. We
can never enter their market unlil what they have pro-
.luced la nearly consumed. This regulation, by keep-
ing up the price of grain, is of course deemed by a large
I purtion of the farmers of England, of vital importance
lo their interests But other classes there, see that tbe
laws require them to pay more for bread than would be
necessary If f..reign gram were admitted freo of duly,
or under a bw but fixed duly. And the question has
been raised there whether the corn /.jws shall be repeal-
ed. The nation is highly excind upon the queslion.
Parliament has bi'in dissolved ; a new eleclion is taking
phii e, and this question of the corn laws is one of the
most'imporlanl involved in the conlosl. As far as the

pass Ihe night under the shingles, and ihat in the morn-
ing they can be easily dc^lroyed. ,

Erratum. In " Evelyn's" talc, on tlio first page of out
last No., Ihe si-ntence commencing in the Sfili line frorr
the bottom of ihe first column, sliould read ihiis : " I
mioht ria.sonablv be supposed that the very business anr
profession of an agriculturist would tend lo iiicline hm
to quietude and a distaste for combativeness," ic.

Mnaonrhiisclts Horticultural Siocloly.

KXIIIBITIO.N OF FnUITS.

Saturday, July 10.

From S. Downer— fine specimens of the Downe
Cherry, taken from the original tree.

From Ceorgu Walsh, Cfiarlestown— u Cherry collei
the Black Irench.

From M.ssrs Winship— fruit of the Black Mulberry
From Wm. llawkcs, Lynn— Mcthven Castle Straw
berries. , , .

From J. F. Allen, Salcra— a branch bearing clever
Peaches, all very large and of splendid appearance. O
Iheir taste, the coinmilloe did not have tlie pleasure It
judge.

Saturduy, July 17.
From Col. Bigelow, .Medford— a basket of Yellow
Thimbleberrics.

From Mr Mackintosh- Franconiu Raspberries am
Red and While Antwerp Currants.

From S. Pond— Franconia and While Antwerp Rasp
berries, and Kllon Cherries.

Kromliovey & Co. — Tranconia Kaspborries.
From George U alsh— fine specimens of a Black Cher
ry called the Blark French, probably a Bignrrcau.

From John Hovey— fine While Dulch Currants am
English C.oosebcrries ; also, very large fruit of the Blacl.

Mulberry. ,

From Messrs Winship— fruit of the Black Mulberry
From Dr. Z. B. Adams, Boston— specimens of a beau
tiful looking Clierrv, name unknown to the commillce.
For ihe Committee,

I'. B. HOVEY, Jr.

Repulalil:
hone»t debts.

To wear the old coal and pay oneV

vol.. X T, xo.

A N D H 0 R r I C U L T V li A L R K C. I S T E R

23

TIIKKMOMKTIIICAI..

Krn..rtr.l li-r lllf \r>v Knslanil Karnirr.

R».>i»ci( ilir rhrrmoiiirlrr m Ilia (Jirdmnf tka propricior*
il thr .\«w KiigluiMl i'ummt, llri^liiun. M»«. in » nliudiMl
Vorilwi-ly sxputure, wnk rmliof July 19.

July, 1841.

Momlty,

ruMiLiy,

Wr.hi'nljy.

I'hi'itday,

l-'ri'lnT,

Sal irJay,

Bui.l.iv,

I 6 A.M. I U.M. IT.K.M. I Wii..l.
I I 61 I 7S I G'!

N.

W

N.

W

S

.s

W.

N.

W

K.

E.

I ''.VTR.^T IIUASH Itl'RI.VUK-WIlAI.K OIL. SOAP

WiMn'« PatiMit lmprf>Ti-il Hrai'< Syririuf for wilcrinf;
I |il«nl«. ifrap* villi", '•iiinll lri'p«, Hcjlrojiim tlm Ro«f IIiiR,
I &c. TliisSyriiiftu mny he u»<-<l nn ill ociaoioiis when walrr-
I in; is iircMMiry fur usiii; a tiiluiinii prrpurrd fur iho piir-
jMido, l<» prrvpnt inilHuw on tfrnpi^ vini's. niul nUn In Uhe ihc
prrparolion of Snap I'ur th« cle^tnicijni) of lh» Rok* \Uvj,.

rim .Syringe i,„iy I,., huj (if josi;i>n iiitKi;K & r.a ,

I N.ii !>l nn.l M Nnrlh IMiirkrl .'^irccl. » ho linK fnr »nlc the
Whale Dil Soap, a aiiro preveiiialive n^iiiiisl the luTacea of
ihe Knic I!ui; and other iMi>ecl>. The .Snap »liuuhl hu dilu
led by water, at the rate of fiflren gilKins of wnler to two
pounds ol Soup, nnd applied hy the Syrinse. The Soap is
in kegs containing 28 llis., at one dollar per keg. July 14

BKKiliTON MARKKT — Moslat, July 19, IB4I.
I!nv.,lfjr..rllle N»iv K.ncli"'! F»rini-t.

.\t .MMrkel 330 Bm-I Cattle. 40 Cows and Culvi-s,
«00 Sh..p and 170 Swiite. 40 Hocf C.ittio unsold,
llj lii-.f Cattle were from New York. 130 «ro expect-
>d neit week.

\'h,cr.!> — Pftf Citlllf —We again reduce our quotn-
ions to correspond f> saks. Fii>l qcinlily, $."1 "5 B (i 00.
^cond <]ualilv. |;5 00 a ."> 50. Third qiiiilily, $4 00 a
1 75. ■

Coif* nnd Ciiltts. — Dull. We noticed sales at $Ij,
118, *23, $2rf, $32 and JiiS.

SA^rp— Sales of lots. .•?! 50, $1 62, $1 86, $2 00,
fS iTi, $2 31, $:: .'■>0, and jScJ 75.

trtriiie. —A small lot of pig* .'> I'i aiul 6 1-2, and a lot
nostly bariow" at li. Old hogs from 4 to 5 I-4. At
■etail from 4 1-2 to 7.

DAHLIA POL-iCS.

GOO dozens of Dahlia and lican Pole.s. Also, 2nno feel
of [.adders, 16 In 4(1 feel in length, for sale hy MOSBS
KRGNCM, Jr., Maine wharf Uruad si. near Ihe hoilom of
Summer st. 6w June 2

KKVOI.VIXU IIIIUMK ItVKK

DUUIIAM CUM FOR SALE.

A young full hliWed Durham Cow and her call— a Tery
desirable animal in every particular. Apply to KUWARU
TlTCtJMB.Ja., Newburyporl. Mays

tiltINDSTU.\IC9, 0.\ PIIICTIO.X nOL.LKRS.

wholes.4lLE prices current.

Corrected leith f^reat care, Keekhj.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, very Utile in market. Red Top,
lew seed by the bag SO to 35 c. Clover— Northern, 13c.
-Sonlhem, 8 to 9 e. Flai Seed, SI, 37 to 1 5D hu. Lu-
erne, 23 c. per lb.

FLOUR. Howard .Street S3 37— Genesee E3 2.5- Ohio
& 12.

GRAIN. Corn— Northern Vellnw nnne —Round '\el-
,w 6-— Southern Fiat Yellow 06- While 64. — Rye—
\orlhern 60 to 63— Southern 60 to So. Oats— Southern 44
3 40— Northern 46 to SO.

PROVISID.N'S. Beet— Mess Slo SO to 11 00— Prime
6 30— No. I 39 00. Pork— Extra— 15 on— Clear 14 50 —
lless Sl3 00. Hams— Noriheni 9 c. per lb — Southern,
one. I.ard— Boston 9 c per lb.— Southern, 8 to 8 1-2.
Sutler— f.uinp 13 to 22— Firkin 12 lo is— Shipping 3 to 14.

HAV. per inn. ilS Io20-Easlern Screwed 813 10 14.

CHEESE -Old II c — New 8.

EGGS. 1 1 a 12.

WOOL — The market for ihi« article bos not experienced
nv chance of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and there
i but a limited supply of low Fleeces- and of Gne Fleeces the
lock is also moderate. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,
t. 50 In 65 c. — .American full blood, washed, 47 to 50--Do.
4 blood, washed, 44 to 46— Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 36 lo
0 — 1-4 and common do, 35 lo 37 — Smyrna Sheep, washed,
0 10 23— Do. unwashed, 10 lo 14 — liengasi Sheep, 8 to 10 —
•uenos Ayres unpicked, 7 to 10— Superfine Northern pulled
imb 43 to 46 — No. 1 do. do. 37 to -12- No 2 do do 26 lo 30
-No 3 do do 1810 20.

lASSACHlSETTS IIORTICULTUR At, SOCIKTT.

At a slated meeting of the Massachusells Horticultural
;ociety. held July 3d, 1841.—

Voted. That the Report of Premiums by the Fruit Com-
nittee for 1841, be so far amended, as lo award five dollars
o Mr J. L. L. K. Warren, foi the best native Grapes, (Isa-
ella.)

July 3. Attest, E. M. RICHARDS, /?«. See.

COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE.

The CnpartnerMhip heretofore existing under the firm of
TITTLE, DENNETT Ai CHlsHOLM is ihi3 day, by
jntual consent, dissolved. All persons indebted to said
rm are requested to make immediate payment, and those
avmg demands, to present ihem lor settlement to HcoH H.
'uTTLE, who is authorized lo sellle the same.

HUGH H. TUTTLK,
CHARLES B DENNETT,
JOHN B. CHISHOLII.

Boston, July 15lb, 1941-

TcTTLE & Dessett will continue the PRINTING
;USI.NESS, in all iu various branches, at the old stand,
io. 17 School street, where they will be pleased to execute I
ny orders from iheir former friends, and respectfully so- '
cit a share of the patronage of the public. |

Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction rollers and
moved with a fool Ireadcr. is lound lo be a greal improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging gvimlslones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders ihein
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of grinding, can
govern the stone more to his mind by having the complete
control of his work. Slones hung in ibis manner are be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satisfoclinn. The rollers can be attached lo slones hung
in Ihe common way.

For sale hy JOSEPH RRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 53
North Market Boston. July 14

TYl'. rP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for tye-
ing up Cattle.

These chain*, introduced by E. H. Debdt, Esq. o( Salem,
and Col. Jacql'es, for the purpose of securing cattle lo the
stall, are found l« be Ihe safest and most convenient mode
of fastening cows anil oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BREGK & C'J., No. 52 North Market st.

GOOn CULTIVATORS AT $:J 50

FOR BALE

Two pair of Pigs, Berkshire and China.
IRECK & CO.

Good Cultivators for sale at the New England Agricultu
JOSEPH ral Warehouse, Nos. 51 & 52 .North Market Street, Price
June JO. »3,50. JOS- BRECK & CO.

The Ilevolvin? Horse Rake has been in general use in
ninst parts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, nnd is ft.und lo
be one of the most useful labor saving machines now in uto.
One man and horse, with a boy lo lead, will rake on an av-
erage from 23 to 30 acres per day with ease, and do ihe work
well. There is a great advantage ill Ibis rake overall others,
as the person using II does not nave lo slop the horse to un-
load the rake.

For sale at Nos. SI & 52 North Market Street, by
June 9. JOS. BRECK & CO.

GARDEN SEKDB,

For saJe by Joseph P.keck & Cc. nl the New Enolaho

KBMEB Okfick, Nn. 51 and 62 A'or/A Mnrket St. Hot-
ton. The subscribers would inform the public that ihey
have now on hand the largest collection of seeds eve be-
fore offered hy sale iu th's city, embracing every variety
of Field, Kitchen, Garden, and Ornamental Flower Seeds
desirable for ihis or auy other CImiaie.

Our seeds are either raised under our own inspect on or
imported from responsible houses in Europe, and havi-i-,'
taken extraordinary pains to obtain such as are pure in.l
genuine, we can confidently recommend ihem to ournisto
incrs anil friends, and feel assuied they will prove saliblac-
lory 10 all who iry them.

Dealers in seeds are requested lo forward their nnleis in
season. Boxes for retailing from 8 dolli. and upwnnk
will be sent nut on commission allowing a liberal discouoi
and take back what remain unsold.

Lellers and orders with good reference will meel with
prompt allenlion.

GRAIN CRADLES.

The Grain Cradle is an article whuh is ruining into very
general use in the New England States, where ihcy were
till of late but little known, although they have been in very
general use in the Southern and Western Slates, for many
years, and which is found to be dcL-idedly the best mode ot
harvesting grain, as it is supposed one man will cradle five
acres in a day, when he cannot reap more than one. The
difference in gathering a crop is so much in favor of cradleing,
that we must suppose thai it will be the only mode adopted
hercalier, and the grain cradle will become of as much use,
as an implement of husbandry, as the plow now is.

There has been a very greal improvement in ihe manufac-
turing of this article, ihey are now made on the nnosl im-
proved plan ; I'o seyllic is well secured and finished in a
superior manner and made of the best cast steel.

For «ale at f-e N. E. Agricultural Warehouse and Seed
Store, Nos. 61 nnd 52 .North Market street. JOSEPH
BREGK & CO. •'""g 30

NEW TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sale at the New England Agricul-
tural Warahouse ond Seed Store, Nos. 31 and 52 North Mar-
ket street, , ,

500 lbs. TURNIP SEED, of the growth of 1841.

July M. JOS. BRECK 4 CO.

24

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JILY a I, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS.

A PAIR OF GOOD ANECDO lES.

We cannot take upon ourselves to say that tlie
rollowinrr anicdotes are entirely new, but we con-
sider them exceedingly good : — London paper.

A meeting in connection with the Bible Society,
waa recently held in Paris, nt which a gentleman
appeared who had been sent over from England by
the commillee of the Bible Society in London. —
Tliis representative had been chosen, we under-
stand, for his superior knowledge of the Fremh
langonge. In his turn he addressed the Parisian
assembly with great firo and energy; but when he
expected to see them beaming with enthusiasm or
melted into tears,' he observed a smile on every
face, and heard from every quarter the sound of
suppressed laughter. This occurred so often ttiat
there was no mistaking it for any casual effect, and
the gentleman was, no doubt, mightily astonished
at such a display from people so well bred as the
Frenrh are generally allowed to be. When he
had finished his oration, he asked a friend what
could possibly have created so much laughter
while he was speaking. He found to his utter dis-
may, that in his eagerness to impress upon the as-
sembly the necessity of taking theivater of life (the
scripture.":) to the poor heathens, he had uncon-
sciously been expatiating with all might on the
virtues of brandy, (can de vie.) exhorting the multi-
tude to induce them to send brandy to those who
were atliirst, and telling them that tliousands of
their fellow-creatures were perishing for the lack
of brandy !

A French divine, preaching in England, fell into
a mistake almost as amusing as the above. As
the Entjlisli clergy are accustomed to call those of
their communion their flock, the French designate
all who assemble under their ministry their sheep.
The French divine alluded to, harranguing his
hearers in English, but forgetting that we have in
our language two translations for mutton, one sig-
nifying the dead and the o'her the living animal,
continually addressed his congregation, much to
their surprise, as his dear muttons '.

The following story by Hogg, the Eltrick Shep-
herd, is really laughter-moving: Parson Paton
himself could 'nt hear it and preserve his gravity :

"It's a good sign in a dog when liis face grows
like his master's. It 's a proof he's aye glowerin'
up in his master'.-? een, to discover what he 's think-
ing on, and then without the word or wave o' com-
mand, to be aff to execute the wnll o' his silent
tliocht, whether it be to wear sheep, or run down
deer. Hector got sac like me, afore he deed, that
I remember when I was owre lazy to gang to the
kirk, I used to send him to take my place in the
pew, and the minister kent nac difference. In-
deed he ance asked me, next day, what I thocht o'
the sermon : for ho saw me wondcrfu' attentive
among a rather sleepy congregation. Hector and
me gied ane anither sic a look ! and I was feared
Mr Paton (the parson) would hae observed it ; but
he was a simple, priinitiv, unsuspectiu' auld man —
a very Nathaniel without guile; and he jealoused
neathink, tho' both Hector and mo wa-? like to split ;
and the dog, after langhin' in his sleeve for mair
than a hundred yards, could stand it no longer, but
was obliged to loup awa owre a hedge into a pota-
to field, pretending to have scented partridges."

REMEDY FOR A LIGHTNING SHOCK.

As this is the season when all are more or less
liable to experience a shock from nature's battery,
the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser suggc-its that
any person struck down by lightning, no mitter if
apparently dead, ought to be laid immediately ex-
tended on the damp ground; and if it does not
rain upon him, water should be thrown on freely,
which in most cases will conduct off the electric
fluid without serious injury. Many a one has lost
his life when a knowledge of these facts on the
part of friends or bystanders, would liave pre-
served it. .

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Oreai improvements have ticcn made the past year in ihi
form and workman<.liip o( these Plouijhs ; the mould b( an
has (icon so formed a*i to Mi/ Vie Jurro\c completely orcr
tumivs; in evenj particle of grass or stuhble, andlearing Ih.
ground in the best possible manner. The length of ih'
mould lioard has tieeii very murh increased, so itiat lh«
Ploir[;h works with the grreiilest ease, holli wilh respect I:
the holding and ihc loam. The Committee at tbe late tria
of Ploughs at Won ester, say,

" Should our opiuKJii ho aski'd as to which of the Plough
we stiould ))refer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say I
the inquirer, if your land is mostly liglit and easy to work
try Prouty & Mears, liul if your land is licary, hard or roc/.r,

BEGIN WITH Mr. FIoWAHD's.''

At the ulinve mcr.f.oned trial Ihc Howard Plough (/i.
more vork, with Ihc same poiccr oy team, than any ollic
plough cxhibiled. No other turned more than lwcnlyse;'e
and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, while I h
Utncard Plough turned tjcvntimine and one hat f inches , t
Ihc same power of learn ! All acknowledge ihal HowonI'
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial!
made.

There has leen quite an improvement made on the shiw
or land side of this Plough, which can lie renewed wilhoi
havinij to furnish a new jandside: this shoehkewise secme
ihe mould lro.ird and landside together, and strengthens ih
I'loiigh v.'ry much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to»i3. A Ploiigl
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost alioi
S;o 50, and with cutler 8l, with wheel and cutter, t2 C
exira.

The alove Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, i
the New Kniland .Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stor
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Sireet, by

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

»

DESPERATE REMEDY FOR A DESPERATE
DISEASE.
They tell a good story of old Dr. Rand. He was
called to visit a hypocondriac patient who fancied
she had swallowed a mouse. On entering the
room, the lady exclaimed, " Dear doctor! I am so
glad to see you — I am in such distress — such pain !
Oh, doctor, I 've swallowed a mouse !" '-Swallow-
ed— nonsense," replied the doctor, in his mild and
pleasant manner. "Oh, no! doctor!" said the pa-
tient, " it is not nonsense — it is a mouse — a live
mouse — he ran down my throat when I was asleep,
with my mouth open, and I feel him now, creeping
about my stomach, and trying to gnaw out Oh I
doctor, do prescribe something quick, or I shall
die." " Prescribe," said the doctor, " yes, I'll pre-
scribe something that will cure you in a minute."
" What is it, doctor ? what is it? I'll take any
thing you order." " Well, then, my dear madam,
swallow a cat — ifthat do n't cure you, nothing will."
It was effectual.

We find the following in the Philadelphia Ledg-
er. It is a forcible temperance discourse, brief
as it is :

"Why don't you come after cold victuals, as
usual," said a lady to a boy who had for a long
time been a daily visitor for that species of charity.
" Father has joined the Temperance Society, and
we have warm victuals now," was the reply.

Shockinphj despernle. — A disappointed swain in
New York the other day, threatened to " drown
himselfor perish in the attempt."

NEW YORK POliDUETTK COMPANY.

This company has been in operation nearly four years.

Present price of shares one hundred niid five dollars ; and
each share is entitled 10 fifty hushels of Poudrellc eveiy six
months, which is equal to fifty city cart loads of stable ma-
nure for IS years from March, 1841.

Price of Poudrcltc 40 cents per bushel, or two dollars a
barrel, of four hushels, delivered on hoard of vessels in this
city. Those farmers who wish to uhlain this manure reg
ularly, will do well U) lake shares soon ; and those who
wish to purchase the article will do well not to wail another
year, until ihcy wish to use it.

Orders received now can he filled immediately.

To ensure a supply for early spring use, shares should he
taken in lime to receive a fall Dividend, which will prevent
disappointment or by a wet spring like the present; or

Tliose at a distance, who (lesire to make an cxpcrimout„
can obtain one or more barrels, in lurn, by remitting, at the
rate of two dollars per barrel. A phamplet will he sent to
any person who demres one.

i^hiires will he sold for the pros, nl at *I05 each, but they
will surely advance in price, notwithstanding the numher of
dividends will diminish every six months.

D. K. yiWQK, Agent,

120 Nassau street (up stairs )

N. B. It is In he distinctly understood thai this Compa-
ny is in no way connected with the *' Urate nnd Poudrette
( 'oinpany." or *' Lndi Manufacturing Company*' of Anthony
D»'y tV. Peter Barllielemy, on the New Jersey Meadows,
which, il report he true, failed, after an expenditure of
over l5(l 000.

New York, May linh, 18-11. tw jl7

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale liy J. BRECK & CO
No. S2 North Market st. Aprilai

TO THE PUBLIC.

DR. CHARLES M. WOOD. Veterinary Surgeo
respectfully informs his Iriends ami the puhlic, that he hi
removed from Blo'-som Si , to 69 Carver St. All orders Ic
nl his house, or at the stable of Wm. Forties, No. 7 Sudhu
St , will tie promptly attended to, and gratefully acknow
edged. All diseases of Horses, Cattle or Swine, are alien
ed to. AJso, castrating and spaying.

For the information of those who may have occasion f.
bis services, and arc unacquainted wilh his practice, he
politely permitted to rctor to ihc following gcnttcmeQ wl
have employed him for a number of years past.

Wm. Forbes,
Wm. J. Nilcs.
Joshua Seward,
J. B. Read,
James F. Fullham,
Wm. P. Loring,
Joseph C. Pray.
Boston, April 28.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from Kngland, 10,000 feel Chains, suitab
for Fences or other ])urp<>scs. For sale by J. BRECK ■
CO., No. I>2 Norih Market si. April 21

1 W illiams & Pearson,
Geo. Mencham,
S. K. Baylev,

I I.. Moynarn,
Isaac Fosier,

I Arlcmas White,

I Brown & Sevreuce.

NEW i; N G L A N U F A R M E R .

\ WFUKI.Y PATFR.

The Editiirial department ofiliis paper havinc com ^i
into the hands of ihn subsrilher, he is now authorizif
liy thu publishers to inform ibo public that tlio price
iho paper i< reduced. In future ihe terms will hn %
per year tn udranee, or *2 00 if not paid within ibiri
day,. A1.LI.N PUTNAM.

N. B. — I'oslmasters are required by law to frank a
siibscriptiona aiid renilltnncea for newspapers, wilhoi
expenso to siibscnbera.

TIITTI.E AND IlF.N.VCTT, PRIISTERS.

AND H O U T I C U L T U K A F. II E (i I S T K K .

PUDLISHBD BV JOSEPH BRBCK tc CO., NO. M NO«TH M.VltKET STRKKT, (Aoricultubal WAii«Hou.«.)-ALLIiN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

vol,. XT.]

BOSTON, WEDNRSDAY KVKNINO, JULY 28, 1811.

CNO. 4.

N. E. FARMER.

For Ihe New England Firmer.

E.^RLY SUPPERS.

By late suppers I do nut mean a fourlli meal,
luch as IS ot\cii taken in taslii»nablc life, tor I have
leldoiii kiionn onr plain a(;ricultural families ad-
lictcj 10 litis practice. Tlioy lea»e it cliiefly to
ihe inliabitants of largo towns and cities, to go to
ihe closet at 1' or 10 o'clock in the evening, iihen
Ihcy ought to go to bed, and take a meal uf cold
tarn or tonpue, and bread and butter, or somcthin"
Use quite as difficult uf digestion.

But by late suppers among our farmers, I mean
he usual third meal, deferred to an unreasonable
lOut — to 7 or 8 o'clock, or even later. I have
.Down many a fanner who made it his constant
•ractice at all seasons, lo work as long as he could
lee, and not to take supper till his work was finish-
d ; consequently his hour of supper, during a part
if the season, would be from 8 tu 9 o'clock — never
arlier than t<, and often when the fields were but
little distance from the house, as late as 9.

The best and most thriving farmers I have ever
nown, however, take supper at precisely (5 o'clock,
ven in liaying and harvesting. I know that a
lousand objections may be brought to such an
arly hour, especially in the months of June, July
nd .-Vugust; but I know, too, that they can be
let

Some years since, having finished our haying,
( resided then In New Coventry, Conn.,) I took
ly scythe and went into the employ, for a short
ime, of David II. Warner, in Litchfield county,
'hose grass was rather Inter than ours, and con-
equently was not yet all cut. At that time I had
ot known of any other way tlian lo work till dark
nd eat supper when we could.

But .Mr Warner had supper, uniformly, at six
'clock. Whatever the weather might be, and
owevcr pressing the work miglit seem to be, he
equired us all, at six, to suspend work and "come
3 tea," as it was called. This consisted of a light
epast; wholesome and perhaps rather too solid, or
might say heavy, but not luxurious. When this
leal was finished, which occupied, including a lit- j
le conversation, about half an hour, we were per-
litted to go to work again if we chose. In gene-
al, however, all we did was to grind our scythes
nd get ready for the next day. j

I do not say that wlien, by some unforeseen oc- 1
urrencc— an accident or a .«hower — a very press- '
ng necessity seemed to exist of deferring supper j
alf an hour to get in another load of hay or oatf>, '
t was never done : for I believe it was so ; though
saw nothing of the kind while T wos there. It '
ikes no longer time to grind scythes at evening
ban it does in the morning ; and Mr W.'s work- '
tien were ready to go to mowing in the morning, in ;
he cool of the day, and while the grass ciit^ easi- '
y, iislcid of being compelled to spend a part of
he best of the morning in making preparations i
»hich ought to have been made the night before, i

I And having began betimes and got ahead of their
I day's work, ihcy were not obliged to mow so late
j in the forenoon in the great heat. .As soon as the
[ ground and swath wore dry enough to pprcud, their
mowing was finished for the <lay, and tiny were
I ready to atlenil to it. .\nd thus liy being nn hour
j or two earlier in the morning, and by keeping be-
'fort their work, they found it as easy to get through
nt si.ic, as others nt ci;;ht.

I lint there are other and numerous advintngos
which are enjoyed by those who take supper ntsix.
1. They arc not quite so opt as others are to
t over-eat. Our farmers — especially those who do
not take any luncheon in the afternoon — and there
are some who do not — and who do not get ready
to sit down lo'suppiT till 8 or 0 o'clock, arc very
apt to eat too much. Some, it is true, lose their
appetite, instead of having it increased, hut these
cases arc not very numerous, and are diminished
somewhat by the custom of tnkwg somelhins; to
give nn appetite. My old friend, Levi Atkins, used
to defend the practice of taking a littlf* spirit be-
fore supper, to give nn appetite — but this tons be-
fore Ihe temperance reform commenced.

'2. They do not so often go to bed with a load
on their stomachs. He who eats at six, besides
eating less in quantity, is not apt to go to bed till
nine, by which hour the digestion is partly through.
Whereas he who takes his supper at eight or nin«,
and goes immediately to bed, is apt to have a mass
of food in his stomach either undigested or but
half digested, for a considerable time; and is apt
to loss in bed and dream a good deal, or else sleep
too soundly.

3. .\nd what is a natural consequeni;e of this
overloading the stomach, he who sups late, gets up
with a bad laste in the mouth, bad feelings in the
head and stomach, if not with diseased eyes; out
of which feelings, or rather upon them, comes in
no small degree the habit of taking a morning
dram. How much clearer the head is, and how
much better the feelingf are, generally, after taking
an early, light supper at six o'clock, they best
know who have tried it.

4. There is one more advantage which I must
not pass over, wliich is worthy of consideration,
and which is highly in favor of early S'lppers. Ft
is, that by taking our repast at six o'clock, we may
have the society of the female portion of . the fami-
ly. They will not wait tor their supper till eight
or nine o'clock, or at least many will not, and none
of them ought. But they toiW wait till six. Need
I eay that such a custom would be as favorable to
good manners as it would be lo true enjoyment.'
Besides, we are apt to reproach them now-a-days,

with retaining their tea, to excite their nerves

while they demand of ns to surrender our cider ;
but how do we know that they would not, for the
sake of our society nt six, dispense with the tea.'
Is not the experiment >vorlh trying ?

I have not exhausted the subject, Mr Editor, but
my sheet is full, and I may have exhausted the
patience of your readi-rs.

Yours, &c. W. A. ALCOTT.

Dedham, July V>, 1841.

We hnvo no doubt that our readers will bo pleas-
ed and benefited by a continuation of Dr. Alcoll'i
remarks upon the subject uf the foregoing cunimu-
nication Kn.

MR TURNER'S ADDRESS.

Wo are indebted to the kindness of Wm. H.
Richardson, E.-^q., for a copy of an Address beforn
the H'-nrico .'Agricultural and Horticultural Socie-
ty, Va., by Jkssk H. Ti'H!«er, President of the
Society.

It is seldom that we meet an address so spirited
and so rich in good practical matter as this. We
ore disposed to contradict the author when he aavs
" I rnnnot write ;" but upon reflection we find this
needles.^), for his own net has already done it. He
has written — and what is more — has written point-
edly and well. — We extract the following para-
graphs :

" Perhaps I ought, in courtesy, to return mv
grateful acknowledgements for the distinguished
honor of having been appointed to make the ad-
dress on the present occasion. But reallv, gen-
tlemen, I must in candor say, that I regard it [all
tilings considered) rather as a task than as an hon-
or. If, however, you can use me lo be of any
benefit to this infant institution, I hereby tender
my services to be employed in any manner you
may think proper, provided you do not set me to
writing essays. J cannot write ; for, unfortunate-
ly, 1 labor under an insuperable inability, both men-
tal and physical, in this respect.

Having premised this, I will observe that in the
course of my reading, I have met with a picture
so beautiful, and at the same time so appropriate
to the present scene, that I cannot, without vio-
lence to my feelings, refrain from introducing it
here. It is in these words — " That our sons may
be as plants grown up in their youth ; that our
daughters may be as corner-stones polished after
the similitude of a palace ; that our garners rnay
be full, affording all manner of store; that our
sheep may bring forth thousands and tens of thou-
sands in our streets; that our oxen may be strong
to labor; that there be no breaking in nor going
out; that there be no complaining in our streets.
Happy is that people that is in such a case." If
this beautiful picture could be realized, then should
we obtain what we all so devoutly wish for — peace
and plenty.

I will not disguise. the fact, gentlemen, that this
lovely picture is take:i from the Bible ; nor is this
the only passage, by many thousands, in which the
loveliness of rural scenery is depicted, in the same
good old book. But from the fact that 1 have quo-
ted from the Bible, and especially as I wear a.
black coat,* perhaps some of you may think that I
intend to preach a sermon. But be not alarmed,
gentlemen. I intend no sermon, nor any other
theological lecture of any kind, but a simple, plain
address, adapted to this first meeting of our Agri-
cultural and Horticultural Society. Indeed, wore
I to take a text, there is another that would suit

•The orator is a clergyman.

26

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JULY :i8. l-'tl.

me much bcller. In luiiner Jays — those days when
temperance societies IiJ not exist— there lived a
brollier black coat, who had unfortunately contract-
ed a great fondness for the forbidden creature. —
He continued, however, to exercise the functions
of his otiico, and concluded uU his sermons with
these emphatic words — " Brethren, don't do as I
do, but do as I tell you." Yes! this shall be my
text. It suits me exactly, for on it I can preach
just such an agricultural sermon as I think proper,
and none of you can char^'C me with departing
from my text.

With this motto in view, then, I propose to de-
scribe, in a very summary manner, what I conceive
to be a well-managed, a well-regulated farm. In
doing this, I intend to use the plainest, the sin)plest
language of which I am capable. 1 intend to call
things, not by their botanical or scientihc names,
but by the very names that farmers call them ; nor
will I attempt to appear learn«?d at the expense of
being understood. What, then, is a well-managed
farm.' Here I am sorry to say that I must depend
for my picture more on fancy than on the reality.
if such a farm does actually exist, I have never yet
«een it. I am sure you will agree with me that it
exists no where within the limits of our Society.

But to the answer. A well-regulated farm is a
portion of land with its enclosures, and buildings,
and shelters, and resources for enriching itself,
and stock and farming utensils, and a great iriany
other things which I cannot enumerate — all so ar-
ranged, and all kept in such order as actually to
answer the purpose for which they were intended.
Now let us apply this'simple rule to any particular
case. What use do you wish to make of your
land.' All will agree that it is to furnish bread
and vegetables and all other necessaries for the
family, together with as large a surplus as possible
lobe disjiosed of at market: and yet this farm
must not only maintain its own, but be in a state
of continual improvement. When, therefore, I see
a farm producing largely the above article.'! — when
I see the corn and other crops free from grass, and
during their growth exhibiting that dark luxuriant
color on which the eye of the experienced farmer
dwells with so much delight — and when ut har-
vest, I see the ears large and full, and so ho.Tvy as
to he borne down by their own weight, then I say
that as far as the land is concerned, here is a well-
managed, a well-cultivated farm.

Now it is obvious, gentlemen, that this beauti-
ful state of things cannot exist on lands which are
poor by nature or poor by exhaustion, or on which
superfluous waters are permitted lo stagnate. You
never saw, nor will you ever sec, the rich luxuriant
hue on the impoverished or excessively wet lands.
There the growth is slender and the color a sickly
yellow. If, therefore, your lands are poor, the
remedy is a plain one — enrich them : if they are
too wet, drain thein. liut simie one will say — why
preach to us about these defects in land ? Is none
of your land poor ? Is none too wet.' Ah I you
forget my text — I will remind you ol it — Don't do
at 1 do — do as I tell you"

But I hasten lo that which I consider still more
important in a woll-manngcd farm. Such an es.
tablishment will regularly produce large crops, and
£0 far from being exhiiiisted, will be maintained in
a state to produce still larger. It will be kept in
a slate of continual improvement — and herein con-
sists, as I think, tho whole art of good farming —
And now the all-important question presents itself,

how is this very desirable state of things to be ef-
fected ? I urn fully aware that I am now approach-
ing one of the most complicated and ditficult ques-
tions in agriculture ; and I acknowledge that I
touch it with great ditfidence. If there be any
point connected with my vocation, on which I have
read, and thought, and studied, and "-ought infor-
mation, with more intentness than any (Jther, it is
this vexed point. All will agiee, that to the con-
tinual improvement of our lauds, large additions of
manure of some kinds are indispensably necessary.
But the difficulty is — what kinds arc most availa-
ble— calcareous, or that large class which are
generally called putrescent manures ? Apd then
what is the most suitable time for their applica-
tion, in winter; when the ground is naked, or to the
growing cro|)S ? .And how are they to be applied,
as a top dressing, or immediately to be covered
with the plow ? After worrying and vexing my-
self with the.se and many other points connected
with manuring, I have concluded to dispose of the
whole affair in the following summary way : take
such manures as you can get, and apply them at
such times and in such manner as you may tind
most convenient, and I have never seen any lands
but would be benefited by the process. If, howev-
er, I were to recommend one mode above another,
it would be, to top-dress the grass lands, and the
next year or the year following, to submit the same
fields to a corn crop. Good farming then, mainly
resolves itself into this one thing — to possess your-
self every year, of a l.irge amount of valuable ma-
nure ; and if this be all, I have no doubt that eve-
ry one now present ftcls that he can bo a good
farmer. Among the many anecdotes which arc
told of the celebrated John Randolph, of Roanoke,
I have heard this as one — that whilst a member of
the United States Senate, and actually delivering
one of his eccentric speeches, he suddenly paused,
and fixing his burning eye upon the presiding offi-
cer of that body, he exclaimed — " Mr President, I
have discovered the philosopher's stone — it con-
sists in four short words — pr.y as you go." I think
I have made the same discovery. It consists in
making, every year, a large pile of manure, in dis-
tributing it in the proper season over our fields,
and then, in a course of neat, careful, and diligent
culture. It follows, therefore, that the philoso-
pher's stone is no longer a fiction, existing only iu
the brains of deluded alchymists. John Randolph
discovered it in the Senate of the United States ;
and from traces I have seen, I very believe that it
lies concealed .somewhere close by my farm pen,
my stables, and my hog styes. And the beauty of
tho thing is, tliat it is not confined to any particu-
lar locality. If you look for it, I doubt not you
will find it in the immediate vicinity of your farm
pen also.

The great mischief among us farmers is, that
we are in too great a hurry lo get rich. We see. p
to forget that the golden age has passed by, and
that >ve arc living under the hard iniluence of the
iron age. We greatly mistake, too, as I think, as
to that iu which our true riches consist. One man
considers himself rich, because ho has a large sum
of money to lend out at an usurious interest, and
thus takes advantage of the distresses of tho times.
Another is accounted rich because he owns a large
amount of stocks in some moneyed institutions. Hut
the farmer's wealth consists, not in his slocks, not
in his houses but in his rich lands. I lecullect
that when I began farming, an old friend and
acquaintance, gave inc a piece of very valuable ad-

vice— " Make your lands rich," said he, "andii
proportion as ihey become rich, you will be rich.'
The old man spoke the truth. The Bible tells ui
that man was made out of the dust of the earth
This is true of all; but the farmer is identified ii
a peculiar manner with the ground that he cult;
vales. When that is poor, he is poor ; and whe:
that is rich, he is rich too.

] have also known many farmers lo be seriousl;
injured, and some of them ruined, by indulging i
a spirit of speculation. They contrive to get hoh
of a h\v hundred dollars, (honestly 1 hope,) and in
stead of first paying their debts, and then layin
out the balance in manures and other things b
which they might improve their farms, they gi
away and lay it out in bank stuck, or gold min
stock, m' in some other humbug foolery of th
same kind. Presently stock fluctuates and th
gold mine prospects are blown sky high, and th
poor man's capital vanishes into smoke.

I hope it will not be ascribed to vanity in mi
but I cannot refrain from detailing an incider
which actually occurred in my own case a fe
years since. During the rage for gold mine specu
lations, I was visited by a substantial and highl
valued friend of a neighboring county. He cam
to me in my coro-field. At that lime the plant
were about a fool high, and I was busily engage
with my hoe in helping up the hindmost hand wit
his row. He looki:d at me with a degree of sui
prise, and I doubt not felt a real compassion fc
me. At length said he, after tho usual salutatioi
why toil here in this dull, slow way .' and Inkin
from his pocket some beautiful specimens of virgi
gold, he exhibited them in all the con.scious prid
of sujierior intellect. This trensuic, continued h
is found in a mine which I am now working I
very great profit, and I advise yon to abandon th
dull pursuit and embark in the same enterprise. -
The dazzling spectacle had, I confess, its eflTei
upon nic ; and lo cover my mortification 1 replie
I ton am digging for gold, but with this differcm
— yon go to the depth of many feet, I lo the dep
of a few inches ; and tlie event has proved, gcntl
men, that more gold is lo be obtained near tl
surface than far below it.

".\nd here, perhaps, I ought to close my a
dress ; but there are still a few circumstances co:
nected with the character of the good manager,
which I think it important to call your attcnlio
.\nd first, our farmer is a man of strict economy,
tho proper acceptation of th.\t term : not that he
stingy or niggardly in his disposition, but he i
contrives to manage his affairs, that every ihii
has a plenty and nothing is wasted. The be
story 1 ever read was written by Miss l)dg(nvort
and is entitlid " Waste not, want not." It is e
sential then to good management to waste iiothin
not even a crust of bread, for the dog w'lli eat
or if he happen to be a pampered favorite, the li<
will eat it. And here I can at last reverse n
text, and say in confidence, do as 1 do. If the
be any thing which I do most cordially abominal
It is that of wanton wusto. I can say in truth th
I waste iiiitliing, not even a weed, for when place
iu uiy great manure workshop, my hogs and call
very soon manufacture it into a valuable arlicl
.•\b(ive all, our good manager is a greot economi
in his use of time. He believes, with Dr. Fran
lin, that time is money, and in his estiiiialiun it
a coin of inestimable value. It is, therefore, h
habit to rise early, and to gel a good start at h tn
business in tiie morning, for this he finds will mal ^

▼oi.. xt. nn. 4.

AND HORTICULTURAL ivi: G I S T E R ,

27

a »i>rk lu'lit <iiirin:{ llie wliolo day. Nut even a
iny iliiy IS losl liy tiiiii ; for now lio sliolla corn
1(1 licnl.s lioinininy, ami lliroslipii uiit liin pen, and
»kes brooms iind footmals, for whicli the ffood
ifc will tlinnk lilni ; nnd puts n new handlo to
a hoc and axt; ; ond inonds ninl oilii hin old liar-
(ss, by whieli llii'y will Kist twice ns lonjr ; and
)cs a i;real many oUier jobs, winch (rood inana;,'n-
ent will readily diclato. It is, iliocefore, iieed-
88 to remark, that you never ?<;e thi-f man loitcr-
g about tho court house or tlic muster field, or
her places of pn!)lic resort, unless ho has busi-
>ss llicre. On the contrary, it is his linbit to
ly at ho'iio and do his duly there, unless business ^
Us him away. But whilst I record my testinio- j
r ajaiiisl all waste, I would by no mciins recom.j
end the contrary extreme. Some people hero
endeavoring to avoid Scylla, fall on Charybdis,
id are eii'ially certain of being enjjiilfcd. W liilst
ercforc, they studiously avoid all waste, they
actice the slintinij or even starving system at
ime. This, of all economy I consider the worst. :
tie fact is, that no man ought to keep an animal
iless he can keep it w-ell. If food is too scarce j
feed the hog, the proper remedy is to send him
the butcher, and when you can no longer feed
lur horse or cow, don't turn them out upon the
mmon to starve, but send them to market.
Some time ago, in visiting a (riend and neigh-
r, whom I highly esteom, my attention was called
his ho!:3. They looked well, (for my friend i»
5ood manager,) but I thought they would look
II bettor, if they had a litt'e more corn, and ven-
red to suggest this to him. Corn is scarce, was
i readv reply. That may be, said f, but if you
oceed on this plan, meat will be still scarcer,
asides, continued I. the hog when he eats, don't
t for hinisfl/, he eats for you — he don't waste
iir corn : he just turns it into meat, and this you
ow, IS n very useful article in your family. The
!a seemed to strike him as a ne«' one, and wheth-
it IS owing to this little incident or to someoth-
cause, the fact is, that my friend's stock of hogs
•9, since that, been celebrated as the finest in all
! neighborhood. A little anecdote occurs here,
■ich 1 beg leave to relate. Cuffee came in on a
•y cold day, almost frozen, and that he might
|oy the full comfort of tho fire, placed himself
-y near to it. His friend, Sambo, presently ob-
•yed his foot smoking. "Cuffee," said he, "your
•t is burning." "T'aint my foot, you fool you —
massa foot" From this some of you may think
ffee a fool — but he was very far from it. He
nt on the same principle that other philosophers
i, that the icliote includes ita p«rt», and that, there-
e, as he was his master's property, so was his
I. When, therefore, I see my hog eat, I find
fault witli him — he eats for me.
" Again — our good manager is a man of reading.
id here permit me to remark, that wc of the pre-
it day, ought to bo far better farmers than our
indfalliers were. They had no Rufiin of the
rmer's Register, nor Skinner of the American
Tmer, nor Bufl of the Cultivator, nor Bolts of
outhern Planter, to tell them of the immense
proveiiients in the farming world. The floods
light which we now enjoy, were all darkness to
:ni. I Avould not be without my agricultural
•iodicaU for ten times their cost. I scarcely ev-
reccivc a number, but I consider it worth more
.n the price of the whole series. Go then, and
}8cribc for at least one of these works. Take
3, and my nord fur it, in less than six months

you will feel that you must liuve aiiotlior. The
groat benefits nli^ling I'roiii tlio one, will onablo you
to pay lor the whole.

" l''iirtlii'r, our good manager is a man i>f obser-
vation. His duties and his pleasure call him frc-
■piently to his fields, and whilst there, ho keeps
both eyes wide ojieii, watching the ri'sults of tho
various processes in which he is engaged; and
there is no variety in manuring or ditVerunce in the
niudu of culture, but iie marks it, and is ready to
protil by any superiority which one pUn has over
another. And lastly. Ins reading and obsrrvalion
combined, make hiin a man of thinking. \ ou see,
then, tho compound which I have endeavored to
present — economy, industry, reading, olisurvation,
reflection; and when you see all these concentra-
ted in the same individual, you may set that man
down as a good iimiiager.

" Vou now Imvo, gentlemen, a sketch, and, 1
confess, u very imperfect one, of what I conceive
to be a well-managed, a well-cultivated farm. But
defective as it is, suppose its counterpart could be I
found in any cmo case; suppose that this scene
covered the limits of our whole .-ociety; suppose
that all our farms were tastefully and judiciously
divided into their several fields, and that every field
was so enriched and so cultivated as to produce an
abundant crop ; suppose that all our enclosures
were neat, and straight, and substantial ; sup-
pose that all tho buildings, as well for the servant
as for the master, together with the shelters for the
brutes, were so constructed and kept in such order
as to make all comfortable ; suppose that neatness
and industry, and economy and good order perva-
ded our whole limits, and that in all these respects
there was a manifest improvement from year to
year, — what might we not say in regard to it ?
Might we not e.\claiin, with the Bible, "Happy is
that people that is in such a case".- But suppose
we allow our fancy to take a more extensive flight,
and instead of confining this goodly prospect to a
single county, you allow it to cover the whole of
our beloved mother State ; how beautiful the sight,
how lovely the picture !

" And may not all this be realized.' I answer
with confidence that it may ; and I hereby pledge
myself, that if God please to spare my life, I will
use my best endeavors, year after year, to bring
my farm to this state of things. Brethren of the
Agricultural and Horticultural Society of Henrico
County, will not you pledge me to the same ?
Then the work is in a great measure done. If
each individual will act, the whole mass must ne-
cessarily be moved.

" I close with one more remark. Citizens of
Richmond, who are no farmers, but who are deep-
ly interested in tho events of this day : You see
the objects of this Society — it is to make ourcoun-
try smile with beauty — it is to make it teem with
plenty and abundance — it is to elevate the charac-
ter of our farnicrs, and to make them, in all instan-
ces, intelligent and useful members of society.
Will you not come forward and aid us in this good
work ?"

Kroin tho .Mutk-I.oin: (Kng.) Kxprmi

BREWERS' GRAINS— A MOST VALUABLE
MANURK.

Sir Having ubnerved some time since the re-
markable luxuriance of the grass cm a Binnll por-
tion of land upon which «ome brewers' grain" had
been Kcallernd, I was induced to manure several
meadows with grains mixed with stable dung, and
a foiv acres with grains only. The crop of hay is
an extraordinary one off tho land manured with
grnins and stable dung together; but from the land
iimnureil with grnins atone, the crop is prodigiout.
On one part of a steep declivity, where the ordina-
ry produce has been about 10 or 12 cwt. of hay to
the acre, and the quality very coarse, a good sprink.
ling of grains was strewed, leaving the other part
of Uio same ground untouched. Where the groins
were spread, there is more than two tons of hay
to the acre, and the grass is of the finest quality ;
where no grains were applied, the crop is as usual,
both as to quantity and quality.

In addition to tiie abundance of the crop, is the
advantage of its earliness. On the 2'Jlh of May I
mowed a field manured with grains. The grass
was over-ripe, and might have been cut a week
sooner. The neighboring fields, not so manured,
will be full three weeks later. This is a matter
of no little importance in this part of the country,
where the weather is generally dry about the end
of May and bnginiiing of June, when there is no
grass fit to cut; and almost invariably wet about
the end of June and beginning of July, when all
the farmers are busy hny-making.

I am now applying another dressing of grains,
where the hay has been carried ; and will report
to you the effect upon tho after-grass.

It remains to be ascertained what quantity of
grains should be u^ed to the acre; also the best
season to apply them ; and the condition in which
they should be, in order to produce the greatest
effect. To these poinU I will give particular at-
tention. I am inclined to think that the grains
cannot be too fresh ; and that they should be laid
on a very short time before the grass begins to
grow, as theireffect is apparent in a few days.

The expcrimeuts already made, most clearly
demonstrate that grains are a very economical and
most efficient manure for meadow land. I expect
they will be found equally valuable for other crops,
and especially for barley; being of opinion that
vegetation is most rapidly promoted by manuring
plants in general with their own species in a state
of decay. This theory harmonizes with the ordi-
nary course of nature, in the fall of the leaf; and
is forcibly illustrated and confirmed by the facta
adducsd in Dr. Justus Liebig's admirable work, to
which you recently directed the attention of your
readers.

I remain, sir, yours faithfully,

W. H. BUCKLAND.

The cold and shrivelled hand of time is doubly
industrious : he not only plucks up flowers, but lie
plants thorns in their stead ; and punishes the bad
with thlie recollections of the past, the sufferings
of the present, and the anticipation of the future,
until death becoiiios their only remedy, because
life hath become their only disease. — Lacon.

Ao Go. — A Tennessee paper stales that the
Americans who were employed by the British gov-
ernment to go to India to see if it was practicable
to introduce our mode of raising and preparing
cotton there, have returned, and declare the project
cannot succeed.

It is with honesty in one particular, as with
wealth ; those that have the thing care less about
the credit of it than those who have it noL — Lacon.

28

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JVV\ 28, I«41-

i out of the earth, in wliicli they were kept fin llie
j aurolinn state) during the winter. On the :i(l, they

I brunches of an npple tree, placoil aniong ihein, and
continued th.1t office for four days, and then bolli

CANKKR WORMS.

To the Editor of the New liuglaiul Fanner :

From an interesting article in the Medical and

Agricullura) Register, detailing the result of a

number of experiments and observations on the

canker worm, made in the years 179;t and 17!)4, by

Dr. Rowland Green, Jr., of Mansfield, Ct., I ex- , ,. , ,■, n^v. i.o„. ;„ »

tract the following for the benefit of your readers, -ales and females d,od. The eggs "^^Pt >" «

moderate temperature of air, began to hatch on the
The time when the eggs are hatched depends , 5,1, ^f ^prji^ an,] continued to hatch, more or le.<8,

according to the degree of heat in the atmosphere,
to the aOth f>dlo%ving. The number of eggs cast
by these two grubs, (which were rather more than
a common size,) were 478, of which hatclied 457,
which is a numerous increase Those that did
not hatch, appeared to contain the insects, but

SLOBBERING IN HORSES.

Our readers will recollect that in the reports of JJj
were put, with the same imnibcr of males, into a . jj^^ discussions at the agricultural meetings at the
glass vessel, fitted to receive them. On the Sth, g^^^^g jj^^ig^ j^^j j^j^jef^ gome speakers were re-
the grubs began to ileposit their eggs on the small pr^gented as holding the opinion that clover produ

on the warmth of the atmosphere: the best criteri

on is the early period of vegetation. They devour

most at night, and are most voracious the last

week of their continuance on the trees. When

they have come to their full growth, which is in

about three weeks from Uie time of being hatched,

they leave the trees commonly by 'rafeZ/iiig- (iouwi j c^,„„ unl^umyn can.ses, died. Eggs deposiied at

(lie trunk ('>} and go into the earth. This move
mcnt is generally in the evening, and it is worthy I
of remark that all their principal movements are
enveloped in darkness. The time when they leave
the trees is from the 20th of May to the lOlh of
June, depending on the time of leaving tlie egg,
&.C. They dig into the earth from one to five
inches, according to the hardness of the soil ; but
where the turf is lough, ihey will sometimes take
their lodgings within an inch of the surface. They
are found in the earth as far from the trunk as the
branches of the same extend, but are most nume-
rous near the trunk. After nine or ten days, they
pass into the aurelian state, and are contained m
their shells of a light brown color, about four toiUlis
of an inch in length, and much longer at the ante-
rior part than at the other, which is pointed. T'he
shell gro»vs harder and darker, until the whole is
of a dark brown, and their motion diminishes till it
is apparently destitute of any. In this slate they
lie uninjured by frost through the winter, till the
last of February or first of March, at which time,
if the earth is sufficiently thawed and the weather
mild, they again transform and rank with the miller
tribe, leave the earth, travel to and ascend the
trees, and continue to come out of the earth, more
or less, according to the state of the weather, to
the l.ith of April. If the earth is thawed, and
there is sufficient warmth, r^iiher Jlorm nor snow
will prevent their coiningout of the earth to ascend
the trees. The time of day for them to leave the
earth is, in fair weather, just after sunset, and ihey
continue coming up for some hours ; but in cloudy
weather they begin to move before. In this, tlic
perfect slate, they appear in two forms — those with
wings are called millers, and those deatilute of
wings are commonly called grubs. Immediately
after the grubs ascend the trees, they are active,
moving from place to place, and in two or three
days begin to deposit iheir eggs, and continue to
do 80, (moving from one place of deposite to anoth-
er,) for three or four days, and wlien concluded,
being shrivelled, they die, as al.so do the males,
having performed an entire round and put an end
to their work. Their eggs are small, numerous
and of a lightish color, hut just before they are
hatched become bluish. The number of eggs cast
by a single grub is, according lo the magnitude,
from l.")(l to 'J'lO. When they arc prevented from
going up the trees by tar, they may deposit their
eggs in the rough bark, or on the surface of the
earth, and the eggs thus cast may hatch,, and the
worms ascend the trees, if not prevented.

" A number of experiments might be mentioned
confirming the ab<ive ; but lit the following suf-

thesame time, exposed to cold air, hatched not un
til some days aiterwards."

The writer then proceeds to describe an effect-
ual mode of tarring, which diffisrs in no essential
points, from the method in common practice. The
article is concluded by the following additional
procaiilion :

" After the season of tarring is over, apply four
or five inches of earth round the trunk, to keep the
eggs, if any deposited, below ihe tar or on the sur-
face of the earth, from hatching. In six weeks
this earlli may be removed from the trunk, as the
eggs by this time will be destroyed for the want
of air and heal."

From the above extracts it would scorn that the
habits of the canker worm and the best modes of
destroying it, attracted attention in this country
nearly fifty years ago. It also appears that we
have advanced little or none in our knowledge of
the ono or the other of these particulars. It yet
remains for some benefactor of the age to devise a
more effectual remedy of extirpating the canker
worm. In the mean time, however, facts should
be communicated by those who observe them, re-
specting its habits, &c. And from these we may
hope to get upon a new track, which will rid us of
this the greatest of all pesta to our orchards. The
State Legislature or our Agriciiltural Societies,
might well offer a liberal reward to the man who

ces salivation — others as believing that clover nev-
er produces such effecU. Some — we were of tho
number — supposed that the slobbers was caused
by lobelia. Shortly after those accounts appeared
in our columns, a letter was received from Lovelt
Peters, Esq., of '.Vestboro', directing our attention
lo an article from him in l!r2.3, vol. ii. page 58, ol
the N. E. Farmer, on this subject, and another in
1830, vol. V. page 338, of the Yankee Farmer. The
substance of these is the same. We republish llio
former, nnd copy also an editorial from the Maine
Farmer, of July 17, relating to this matter. This
is the seasim of the year when the disease begins
to show itself and the insertion at this time may
be the means of directing attention to the subject

From the N. E. Farmer of Sept. 20, lo~23.

.V

jlOD

idoi

all

Mr Editor — Having, within a few years, seer ^
slated in the public prints, several opinions re
specting the salivation or slavers of horses, ani'
none of them being satisfactory lo me, I will sub
mil to you some particulars that have fallen unde
my observation. For some years past I have beei
convinced that the slavers of horses is caused b;
their eating a kind of grass of second grnwtl
making its appearance in the fore part of Jul)
much resembling oats, which come up in the fai
alter the crop has been taken off the ground, bu
has rather more of a brownish cast, and retains it
green very late in the fall. When chewed it caus-
es a flow of water in the mouth more than an
other vegetable that I have ever seen. If it ha
such an effect on man, why should it n<;t liav
on horses ?

There is another kind of grass that can scarcel
be distinguished from it otherwise than by tastin}^

It is, I think, but about 20 or 25 years sine
there was any such disorder among the horses i
this part of the country. Mine escapi'd for som
years after it had become common in this vicinil;
T'he first I saw in my own horses, was in a liorr
that was turned into a small pasture, where on

shall di.-icover some more certain and efficient I liad seldom been before. In another pasture
mode of destr^iyiiig the canker worm, in any stage the same lull, about 40 rods distunl, separate
of its existence, before commencing lis ravages. by a natural English mowing, there was no such e
On small trees, I have found it a good way to feet produced. From this circumstance 1 was Ic
pass among them early in the spring at any time I to seek for the cause of the slavers. Some ha

before hatching, nnd crush the eggs with a fiick
or knife. T'his I have known lobe practiced like-
wise upon lafge trees, but the work must necessa-
rily be tedious and imperfectly executed. As lo
the patent lead gutters filled with oil, and the
wooden shoes put around the trees, I have no belief
they will be brought into general use, even if effi-
cacious. What is wanted is a cheap and simple
remedy and n sure one.
Vours, &1.C.,

ALLEN W. DODGE.
Hamilton, June 8tli, 1841.

above a good pasture. She has produced li7 lbs.
a day. Who can beat this? Wo pause for a re-
ce : On the 2d of March, 171M, two grubs came j ply. — Iluinilton I'aUndium.

upposed It lobe Lobelia or Indian tobacco; o
examination, it appeared, that in Ihe small paslur
there was no Lobelia, in ihe other there was inuc
of it; and in no instance have I been able lo fin
a plant of Lobelia lliat appears to have been bilte
off by cattle of any kind. This satisfied me that
was not the Lobelia.

After n few years it was the same with all m
pastures Ihal had never been ploughed, and ^
night, when my cows were brou^'ht to the yard fc
milking, streams of water ran almost continuall
from llieir mouths. Some fi.-w years sime, bein

slj.)it of English hay, but having plenty of roweifn

iVho can beat tliU? — Mr Charles Uurchard has instead of hay I had my horses fed with rowen.-
a cow of the common breed, which will average In a short lime they had the slavers as bad as the
for weeks in succession, ()4 pounds of milk per day, I ever had llicin in the summer. Rcmomberin
without extra feeding or any other advantages i where this rowen was gjown, the next sea.son, ii)

j on examination, 1 found there was a great rpian
of the grass above described. This cummer n
horses were uot alUicted wilh this disorder so ear

AND H 0 R T 1 (Ui 1. T C K A L R K G I S T E R

2<J

8 formcriy. Pn'vious to their being alfvcteil with
he ili«cnsp, I cotiid lind none of thin ;;rnss ; sincR
flit titno I hitro discovered xomr, lhnii|;h iho
uantity is small Ccniipared "'iih torrnor yours.

From the above iiioiitioned circumstances nnd
ict^i, I om led tu conclude, that tJio (.'rasi which I
:\ve described is the trtio cuuso of slavers in hnr-

I. I leave it lor the CMiiiiliiatioii uf others, and

those more nciiiinintcd »iili diseosca than I am,

prescribe a rt'iiiedy.

LOVETT PETERS.

H'titboro', Sept. ITi, 1S.>3.

Knim (he Maine Farmer.

SLOBBERING IN HORSES.

.\t this senson of (he year, horses that are kept
pon (jrass lire troubled with what is considered n
iseasL' called slobberingr. It is a profuse dis-
bargo of watery in-itter from the mouth, which
ndoubtedly comes from the stomach. Sometimes
is dischargi'd in almost a continual stream, and
other liiiies the horse- iets it from his mouth at
lort intervals. The horse appears .■>omewhat dull
nd sleepy at the time, and does not thrive so well
hen not attended with this discharge or sali-
ition. What is the cauj^c of this ? is often asked,
nd n'liat is the cure.' The cure is very simple
id ea.^y. Put the horse up to hay or dry food,
id it will soon cease. The cause is not so easily
Id. It has generally been ascribed to some one
ant which it is supposed the horse has eaten ; and
liflfcront parts of the country it is attributed to
fTerent plants. In the middle and southern states
is thought that the Spotted Spurge (Euphorbium
aculatum) is the cause of it, and a long article
pearcd not long since in the Farmer's Cabinet,
c purport of which was to prove this to be the
use. (For the article here alluded to, see N. E.
armer of the 7th inst.) But here in Maine, horses
e troubled with this complaint as much as they
e further south or west; and yet we have never
en this plant in the pastures of 'Maine, and we
esume it does not grow in this vicinity, at least,
it does in any part of the Stale. So lliat cannot
I the only cause. Here, some attribute it to Lo-
ilia, 'I'his grows abundantly in our pastures, but
D doubt if horses eat much of it. They may oc-
sionally take a nip of it when biting off the grass,
It they do not use it as an article of diet, by any
eans. Besides, we have known horses tu slobber
lien feeding in pastures where none of the Lobe-
i could be found. Others attribute the complaint
the eating of Canada thistles. The horse is not
ry fond of the thistle until it begins to blossom,
len they like to eat off the tops, and this i.s very
larly at the time of yeor that the slobbering coin-
enccs. Yt't we have seen horses th.il run in pas-
res where not a thistle was to be found, slobber
ost copiously, while one which run in ii pasture
here thistles were abundant, did not slobber any.
his »e think proves that Canada thistles cannot
the sole cause. What then is the cause of it?
c are not ccrlain what it is, but will venture a
ies3 with the rest of you. We are inclined to
ink that all the grasses and plants which the
irso takes into his stomach, contribute to produce
livation, provided the state of the horse's stomach
also in the right state to assist in the operation.
he horse, being ki'pt at grass, must as a natural
inseqnence have hi-s digestive organs in quite a
fferent state from what they are when kept on
E y food. The salivation commences at a season

of Iho year when the gracses arc nioKt succuli-nt,
I nnd are thenisolve.^ undi'rgoing a change in their
'juices, .ind beginning to blossom proparntory to
[pcrfecling the seed. This being lh<.' ciise, tlie/rr-
. mriifniion in food, if ymi please solo call the
I change which goes on in the horso's stomach, cans-
jus the tldw of inoro fluid ninller than the systoin
I re.]iiires, nnd nature, over ready to ndicvo, throws
I it off in this way. We do not assert this to bo the
true cause, but it appears to us more likely to bo
the true one than any other explanation that has
been advanced. Wr have seen horses slobber in
iho winter as profusely as they ever did in the
summer. We once had a horse that was so affect-
ed in the month of February, when the snow wos
on the ground. Wo examined his hay, and could
tiiid neither Lobelia nor thistles, and yet wo pre-
sume it was owing to some particular state or con-
dition of the hay, fur upon keeping him upon nut
straw n day or two, the flow of saliva ceased. Con-
nected with this subject, we wish to ask another
question. Did you ever know a horse to be hovcn,
or in other words to swell up and die as neat cat-
tle sometimes do, in consequence of eating too
much green stuff, such as clover, &c. ? We have
never senii a horse so affected. But we have seen
a horse timl had broken into a field of clover nnd
eaten lill he brought on the slobbers, while had an
ox enten the same amount of that same clover, he
would in all probability have been hoven, and died
unless medical relief had been given.

From these facts and observations we are inclin-
ed to the belief that the complaint in question is
caused by the peculiar state of the grass, united
with the peculiar condition of the stomach that re-
ceives those grasses, and not to any one plant, and
that it is, under existing circumstances, a salutary
operation for the time being.

ACTION OF MANURES.
The following observations on the action of ma-
nures are e.vtracted from Robinson's lectures on
chemistry as applied to agriculture :

"Manures are intended to supply food to plants
and ultimately to become constituent parts of them.
Thus when wo wish to apply manure in the case
of wiieat, it will be proper to ascertain from the
stalk and grain, what substances are required. In
the stalk we have potass combined with silicious
acid ; if the soil then, contain neither of the.'^e con-
stituents, we must supply them by artificial means
or by manuring. In tli(? grain, again, we find on
analysis, phosphoric acid in combination with mag-
nesia and potass. In like manner, these must be
supplied, if deficient in the soil. The usual ma-
nures give these substances, though the subject is
not scientifically understood by mere 'practical
men.

" In the cultivation of the turnip this is striking-
ly clear. As that vegetable contains phosphoric
acid in quantity, phosphoric acid, if not present in
the soil in sufficient quantity, as it rarely is, must
be supplied to it. For instance, bone dust answers
this purpose, as hone is composed chiefly of phos-
plioric acid and lime. The excrements of man
and anim lis contain also phosphoric acid. Fish
manure acts precisely in the same way, as fish con-
tain phosphoric acid in abundance. Fish oil is
proper for turnips on the same grounds. The in-
stances might be multiplied to a great length. It
may not here be out of place to remark that all
substances, whether organic, earthy, or saline,

which are employed to fertilize tho aoil, or be-
coiiio tlir food of plants, can only bo rendered thus
»ervicrnble to vogptntion whim they nrc prcHuiitcd
to the roots in a fluid state; and such is the fact,
that the compost of the farm-yar.l, the crnahcd
bones of the turnip cultivator, the oil and bones of
fish, the gypsum o( the grazier, the earths, lime,
magnesia, and even silica, and all the autinp ma-
nures, are dissolved by some process or other, bo-
' fore they can bo absorbed by vegetables."

PRESERVATION OF BUTTER.

I At a late Council of the Royal AgricuUnrnl So-
I ciety of England, a jnr of butter was received from
i Henry Wood, Esii., as n specimen of the bucccss-
j fill mode adopted for its preservation when that
I article is in intended for export to foreign climates.
I Mr Wood informed the Council that this butter
I had been prepared on tho lihh inst., (June,) accord-
, ing to the process adopted in eastern countries,
I where it was used for culinary purposes instead of
; hog's lard, which the Mahometan law prohibited,
land would keep for any length of time in a perfect
I state of preservation, although it contained no salt
or other additional substance. This preservative
I slate of the butter was induced by the removal of
scum, and the dissipation of the watery particles
of fresh butter, effected by the gentlest possible
application ofsuflicient heat to produce llm result.
Mr Wood slated thnt in .\sia this gentle heat was
obtained by tho natives by filling a large open
earthen-ware pan with powdered and well dried
cow dung, nnd then setting fire to it, introducing
into the midst of the burning cow dung an earthen
vessel containing the' butler, which thus became
melted ; and when the scum, as it rose, had been
successively removed, and the watery particles
driven off by ihe'hoat, it was poured into a jar and
preserved for use. Mr Wood suggested that a
sand-bath, properly regulated, might answer the
same purpose as the dried cow dung, and as the
process was so very simple, there could be no difli-
culty in preparing it ; and that, when once prepar-
ed, the butter never became tainted. Mr Wood
slated that he carried with him to the Cape of
Good Hope some butter prepared in tlie same way,
a year previously, and which was there pronounced
to be superior to tho sailed butter of the colony,
and for culinary purpoi^es far superior to lard.

Weiks. — Wage nn unceasing warfare with
weeds ill every form. They are continually in-
creasing on most farms, and new ones are yearly
added to the catalogue of nuisances. It is not
loo much to say that in many cases, the annual
profits of a farm are diminished from one third to
one half by this cause alone. Thorough fallowing
in the English iiielliod, is the best remedy for the
thistle — culling johnswort, and applying plaster to
invigorate the other grasses, will check if not de-
stroy this wood ; the annuals, such as wild mus-
tard, cockle, steink-root, &c., must be pulled by
hand carefully before ripening their seeds; and
the elder, life-cverlasting, nnd others, must be cut
up by the roots SfUclcd.

Avarice begets more vices than Priam did child-
ren, and like him survives them all. It starves its
keeper to surfeit those who Avish him dead, and
subjects him to more mortifications to lose heaven,
than the martyr undergoes to gain it Laeon.

30

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JTTLTaS, IS4).

ANP HORTICULTUBAL RFGI3TEB.

BoBTOK, Wednkbday, July 28, 1841.

PEAT
Peat is a very valuable article or fuel : it abounds in
the eastern parts of Massaclniseits, and many uf our far-
mers and mechanics in the cunniry towns and villages,
are no^v about cutting their winter's supply.

Our readers in this vicinitv need do description of
the article, but some distant ones to whom our paper
goes, probably have no acquaintance with it. This peat
is the soil or substances composing or constituting many
of our wi't meadow lands, or beaver meadows. It is
usual to throw off, us unfit for fuel, 6 or 8 inchfs of the
lop, and then in taking out the peat, to put the knife or
spade down nearly in a perpendicular direction, and
take out pieces about 3 foi t long and 4 inches in breadth
and thickness each. If the two feet at the bottom are
under water, the work is accomplished with more ease
than if the ditch be dry, or nearly dry. When a man
cuu his pieces from 3 feet to 3 ft G in. long, his labor is
fatiguing. Hut it ia gond economy to cut the pieces
long, for in iiiust cases the peat at the bottom is of bet-
ter qualiiy ihan at the top. But though long, the pieces
should be slender. If they are much more than 4 inch-
08 throuph. it i» difficult drying them to the centre and
getting lliem fit for ready combustion.

f^o other article of fuel in mure healthy than this, and
it is generally cheaper than wood. 'We have some-
times wondered that its use is not more eilenaive. Wo
have b.en guilly of rftnoving this wonder by tlio un-
charitable supposition that tho women, in some families,
object to ii l>eca^«e it is a little Uss cleanly than wood,
aoil that the men have not nerve enough to take the
most economical course, when objection is made from
such a quarter.— If domestic peace needs Id be puicbas-
cd, and if it can be i.blainrd by using wood rather than
peat, why then by all means make the purchase. But
we hope that llie women will not scold peat out of the
house, when the men cannot well afford to bring in
wood or coal.

Get over the objection arising from tho little more
dirt, and |)eal is, laklnjr health and convcr.ienc-e iiiKi ac-
count, our best aniele of fuel.

The chief reason why it is not more u?ed on farms

and we doubt wlieilier they arc ofien worth more than
that. For though it be true that when sold by the rod
such lands usually bring from two lo three liundred dol-
lars per acre, yet it must be remembered that the peat
of only a small part o( an acre can be spread and cured
upon the acre in the course of a senson, and consequent-
ly that the sale must he limited to a few rods annually.
When you sell a man a square rod of peat uncut, you

the tabic, wash the dishes and clean up, before the milk
comes in to be strained ; and thus giving an opporluni-
ly to retire early. — The leading suggestions in that cr-
ticle are such as deserve attention.

QUACK GRASS, alitu COUCH, &c. &c

We barned recently from a gentleman in this vicini-
ty, thai wh're fea-wecd, hay, straw, Ac. ore placed

by implication, rent to him from 15 to 20 square rods of | ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^.^^^'^^^^^^^^ ^J^^^^ __^ ^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^
adjacent meadow, on which to dry the peat that the rod
will furnish.

to keep the fruit clean, that the roni; of the quack grass m,
all come to the surface of the ground, and that the most
of them can bo raked off when the covering is removed.

But the same lands arc ofien amonj ihe most valua-
ble Icir cnliivotitin. Where they are so situated as to be
properly drained, none others are found more produc-
live. They have not been valued at their full worth.
Higher prices will soon ba paid for them than they have
usually brought.

It is often stated that pent groies ; that where it is cut

t, a new supply is furnished in a generation or two. j Transparent Cherry, a seedling raised by him— good -

Mnssachusettii Horticultural Sorlelf.

KXHIBITION OF FRUITS.

Saturday, July 24
From J L. L. F. Warren — fpecimens of Warren's •

The statements of fads in relation to this matter are j flavor and juicy, and will piobably provo a good late

variety

doubtless true, and they prove that peat in some places

grows. But we doubt whether peat in the meadows | o^os^eberVies

where we have been accustomed to work upon it, can

be said to grow.

From Wm Kenrick and John Hovey — fine English

From Sam'l Pond — I'ranconia Raspberries
From Messrs Winship — Fruit of tho Black Mulberry
, — large »nd sweet— [licked from seedling trees raised in
iMany— many years ago, the operation of peal cutting j ^j^^j^ Nurseriei

(or as we say in es3e.x county, " cutting turf ,") was
commenced in a meadow with which we are very fa-
miliar. The story, as tradition in the fimily has it, is,
that in the days of David Putnam, who was the brother
of Gen. Israel, that nn Old Countryman wns employed

to work on the firm, who gave it as his opinion, that in 1 ed the VVhite_^ Tartarian^

° J K b . I - ! froni J. F. Allen, ^alpnl — beautifu

a certain meadow there was peat, and he asked permi
sion to cut some out and liy it. Pen
and Kate with anoti
those davs there were

From A. D. Williams — superior sjiecimens of Red
and White Dutch Currants.

From Wm. Mackintosh— very fine Red and White
Dutrli Currants ami Franconia Raspberries.

Frcm Hovey A: Co. — Franconia lluspberries.

From Dr Adams, Boston— a fine looking cherry call-

1 specimens of:

Clingstone Peaches, and a very handsome and delicious

Cherry, name unknown, but pronounced by those of

black, female slaves, (for in 1 the commillofi vi ho tasted the fruit, to be a superior va-

eshere.) were set to " earn, ' "'''y- The peaches, also, were of fine flavor

" . I IroinMr Walsh, Charlestown — a very I

•8

i< o/," that is to take it from the spade and spread it L,|jp|.^y ,,j|„^g „„i^„m^,„

upon the meadow to dry. From those days down to
the present the cutting has been almost annually going
on ; anil vvlier..' the (leat wns taken out many years ago,
the meadow has become .somewhat hard and firm. Pent
might be again obtained from the same spot which fur-
nished it 60 years ago; hut it would come mostly if not
entirelv from below where the previnus cutting reached.
Tho whole meadow has been drained and lia.s hardened.

For the Committee,

very fine Black :
P. B. HOVEY, Jr

£SIIIBITI0,-l OF FLOWEKB.

Suturdnij, July 17.

From Capt. .Macnndrey — several fine Dahlias.

From Hovey & Co. — Bouquets.

From W. Meller— Pinks.

From A. H. Hovey — Double Rocket Larkspurs

From S R. Johnson — C^irnatiun and Picoti e Pinks

aricty of Peedlinj
Pinks and Carnations — very handsome.
From Misses Sumner — Bouquets.
From Mrs T. Bigelow — a beautiful spi'riinen of Yucc!

so that peat can be had again, that is, by going deeper,

on the lands we have been cutting over; but yol we do | and fine Chinese R'
not think there is any thing like a growth of yeat— '_'''•'>'" i°'IP^' ^""'^ & Co -»
Leaves and grasses decay on tho surface and increase
the quantity of vejtetahle matter there — but an increase
here both this and wood abound, is found in the fact I „r such a kind is not what we mean by I'rowih. The j jiloriosa

peats to which we arc .accustomed, particularly the black ^''<"" ^apt. Lee-a handsome specimen of Yucca fila
' , , / I mentosa

and solid kinds, never have the a,ppearanccof any vege-
table vitality — but they seem to be collections of dead
and decayed matter. If Mich, we cannot expect any
perceptible increase, where the forests are cleared away
and where the grass is annually removed.

that peal must be rut and cured in tho busy months of
summer, while wo<jd can be cut and hauled in the leis-
ure of winter.

Wo have spoken of the article lhu< far without inti-
mating that il is not all of the same quality Oak wood
is not more diOercnt from pine, than is tho peat of one
meadow from that of another. In some places, what we
call peat appears to bo a mass of decomposed leaves and
other vegetable matters, without any fibres pervading
Ihe mass and holding the pieces of peat together. Such
peat is brittle ; il usually shrinks much in drying ; it
becomes very solid and gives out great heat in its com-
bustion. In other places we find that the meadow lo
the depth of fcveial feet, appears to be
fibres or fibrous roots i lonely interwoven, a

SUPPER TIME.

The coiiiinnnicalion on another page relating to the
farmer's liiJur for supper, conlains various statements
which should not be disregarded. Our own opinion in
regard lo the economy of tho course recommended, is
in accordance with Dr. Alcott's. Experience and ob-
posed of I gprvalion both, as we believe, have taught us that nioro
ork will be performed by men before sunset, who lake

endering

the pieces •■! peat quill- toii^h. This latter kind khrinks I ,1,^,;^ supper at fi o'clock, than by those who keep at
but little i It burns freely, and gives out less heat than j ^,.„jjj y„,|| „fmr eunsct and then eat. Thu work goes
thn other kind. Between these oxlr«mes there are as L,]- ,„„rp ,.,ppjj,|„„jlj, (>„„, ,t 1-2 to 7 1-2 o'clock, by

one who ale at h, than by him who has eaten nothing
I since 12 1-2. — ■\ strong, if not the strongest reason, why

ny diflerenl qualities almost as you can find inead-
a or acres of mcndow

Those peit lands when of (.-lorl quality and well situ- j supper should be taken before dark, is the relief il gives
acre lor fuel ; ' lo the females in the family, by letting ihein cle.ir away

ated, arc worth an hundred

iilla

per

From Messrs Winship — a fine large Rouquol.

From W. Kenrick — Bouquets.

From J. L. L. F. Warren — Hoya cariio.sa, Carnations
and several Dahlias.

From Mr Maijoun, Camhridgeporl — three Dahlias-
good specimens lor the season.

From S. Walker— Cimicifuga fcrlida, Carnations, Pi
coleea and Bouquets.

From C. (loUlermann — Nerium splendeus.

From B. 1". Coiling — Native plants — several species

From W . Lincoln, Worcester — Lilium Cnnaden-e .tin
other plants.

Saturday, July 24.

From Messrs Winship — Carnations, Wax plant, am.
Passion flowers.

From S Walker— fine Bouquets.

From P. Baines— Sullolk Hero and .Ne plus ullr;
Dihlia and (iladiulus fioribundus.

From J. L. L. F. Warren — Dahlia--, Carnations am *
Bouquets.

From S. Sweelser — Neiium iplendens. While am
Yellow Tea and Triumph of Luxenibor|r Roses, Bou
quels and a fina specimen of the Dahlia, called Era.

From J. Hoiey — fine Carnations and Biiuqiieis

From S. R Johnson — Pinks, Carnations, China Rose
and Hollyhocks.

VOL. » X Xt). 4.

A i\ D H O H T I C U L T U II A L II E (J I S T E l(

31

from J..<c|.li llrwk— Bf. dling I'lnk. iind I'l,-..!. , v
From II..V.V \ C'...— TliiiiibiTKi.. iiUi... .\l»t« aH.:i.
an>< iIk' liriiiiliful now oraiigu coluroil »IIP Alma aiiriiii- |
Inca ; alwi, llouquei*.

From W. Kenrick — Bouqu«li.

Nalive nLints frum B. E. Coding i

Vor tlia Coiiiiniltca,

C M. noVEY, CAiHi.

llltK.lli (IN MAItKKI-. — M..M.,i, July -'i>, \r'4) .

K.|it.rlr.l l-.l Ih.- Nrw l^lltl•>lll F«rill«r.

,\i M.rkil 290 Ub.I Cnlili-, iS Cowa and Cnlvis
iCOil SIk'cji and :I00 S>%iiir.

rmim — l-ff Ciilllt — We quotu to correspond will

It wfck. Fin.lqiislilv, $5 75 H i; 00. St-rund qunlilv, ;
^ IKl a 5 50. Thinl qunliiy, $4 00 n 4 75. ' I

Coir.i and CiUres. — Sales wore noticed at $18, $2^,
l2r>, $'.".' und $.V>. [

i>hefp — Loll were s<iM Troin $1 25, to $3 00, accord- 1
ng to iliv quiilitT.

.iri'ne. —Several lots nfsuns iit 4 1-2. Bariciw:* at 5

go ut rutail from 5 tu 7.

PURE srrr.M Oil

EDMUWD IHASTIKC, .

No. 101 filiile .Si. kci'pculiAlniiliy Air salt-. VViiiht, .S|Mine
aiiil Kail Sperm Oil, lilcaclied mid unblcaclieil ; wliieli tliey
wnrniiil to he ol the lieal qiiulity aiul to l.uru wilh.'Ul
cruHiirif.

tiil Canisters of various sizes.

Ilostiiii, Jon. I, 1841. islv

IIKVOI.\ IMii IIOIIME II IKK

Tlltli.MO.METlllC.M..

l!.M""t'>llln thr .Now Knclnno I"llrlliiT.

^:i •,*t<l till- rheriiiiiiiieter at ilie (lanleiiof tlie iirnpricinn
the \r\v Bnglaiid Karnier. lUisEhlnn, Mum. In a shndeit
rihe ly ex|ia«iire. week eii'lini; July 25.

July, 1841" I 6 A.^t. | 12,.«. j 7,P.M. | Wlnd.^

DAHLIA POLKS. ■ •

onu dozens of Dahlia and Bean Poles. Also, Soon Teet
(if Ladder,'!, 16 lo 40 feet in length, for solo hv MOSli.S
FUE.\Cn,Ja., Maine wharf, Brood si. near the Ix.ttom of
Summer »l. r,w June 2

londay.

ucsday.

Ir'rdn;;»day,

'hi'odar,

ri.lav, ■
m irJay,
ay.

2i

-0

1 64

74

1 82

72

1 8d

76

1 90

S2 1

1 79

67 1

1 "

65 1

1 90

74 1

s. w.

E.

S. W.
S. W.
E.
E.
S. W.

WIIOLES.VLE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected itUh great care, weekly
SEEDS Henis Grn.^s, very liltle in market. Red Top,
-w see.1 hv the hag 50 lo 55 c. Clover— Norlhern, )3c.
Southern, S lo 9 c. Klax Seed, SI, 37 to 1 60 hu. Lu-
rne, 2r< e. per lli.
FLOLll. Howard Slrccl S3 57— Genesee S3 62— Ohio

1-'
GKAIX. Corn — .Northern Vellow none — Round ^ el.
6i_Soulherii Flat Vellow 66— While 64. — Bye—
orthern On lo 65— Southern SO to 55. Oals— Southern 44

-Non hum 46 to 50.
PK0VIS10.\S Beel— Mess «10 50 to II 00— Prime

-No. 1 »9 no. Pork— Extra— 15 00— Clear 14 50—
ess Si3 00. Hums — Northern 9 c. per lli — Southern,
I.ard -Boston 9 c per Ih— Southern. 8 lo S 1-2.
liter— Lump 13 lo22— Firlcin 12 to 18— Shippin? S to 14.
HAV. p»r ton. Slo lo 20- Eastern Screwed 813 10 14.
CHRF.sE--ni(l II c.~New8.
EGGS, 14 a IC.

WUOL— The market for thi'i article has not er^ierienced
,• ehau'^'e of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and lliere
ml a 1 1 mile J supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces I lie
>ck is also moderate. Prime orSa-Xony Fleeces, washed,
In 55 c. --American full Idood, washed, 47 to GO — Do
I lilood, washed. 44 toi46-Do. 1-2 Mood, washed, 36 to
—1-4 and common do, 35 to 37 — Smyrna Sheep, washed,
to 25— Do. unwashed, 10 to 14 — P.eN!,';isi Sheep, S lo 10—
■euos Ayres unpicked, 7 to 10 — Snperfine Northern pulled
nh f- 10 4C— No. 1 do. do. 37 lo 42— No 2 do rto 26 to 30
fio 3 do do 18 to 20.

DUKIIA.U Cl>\Y POK SALK.
A yoiinR full Mnoded Durham Cow ami her calf— a very
desirnl.le nniiiial in every nariioular. Apply lo KDWAKO
TlTCOMB.Ja., Nowhuryport. Mays

U!llAl>STO.\KS,0.\ I-'RICTIOR RUl^LfCItS.

r?*-

The Kevr.Uiiii! Horse Hake has i •.!, m mn. ral u«e in
most pans ol IVnnsylvaniu and New Jersey, and is found lo
lie one of the most useful luhi.r savins inacliines now in u»e.
One man and horse, with a hoy lo lead, will rake on an ar-
ernee from 25 lo 30 acres per day with ease, and do the work
well. There isagreal advahlaeein this rake overall others,
as ihe person using it does nut nave lo slop ihe horse lo un-
load the roke.

For sale at Noa.SI & £9 North Market Strcel. hy
June 9. JOS. BRECK &C0.

ORAIM CRAULIill».

COP.KRTNEKSHIP NOTICE.

The Copartnership heretofore e.visting under the firm of
JTTLK, DICNNETT ft CHI.--nOLM is ihis ,lay, hy
1 consent, dissolved. All persons indelited lo said
Tj are requesied lo make immediate payment, and Ihose
Tin-.; demands, lo present lliem lorsettlemenl to HccH H.
TTL£, who is authorized lo settle the same.

HUGH H. TITTLE.
CHARLES B DENNKTT,
JOHN B. CHIsHOLM.
Boston, July 15lh, 1841.

ri-TTi.r. & Dknsett will continue the PRINTI.NG
SINESS, in all its various branches, at the old stand,
. 17 School street, where Ihev will he pleased lo execute
y orders from Ihcir former friends, and respccllully so-
il a share of the patronage of Ihe public.

NEW Tt'KXIP SKBD.

lust received and for sa?e at the New England Agrlcol-
bI Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 5 1 and 62 North Mar-
l street.
600 lbs. TURNIP SEED, of the growth of 1S11.
+aly 14. JOS. BRECK & CO.

Grindstones of different sizes hun:; on friction rpllcr? and
moved with a fool treader, is found lo he a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging grii.dslones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy lo turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of grinding, can
govern the slone more to his mind by having the compleie
control of his work. Stones hang in Ibis manner are be-
coming riailv more i;i use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satislaciion. The rollers can be attached lo stones hung
in the common way.

For sale t.y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and Oi
North Marke't B<ijion. July 14

GOOD ri,'l,TI*'-\TOR,S AT 9:t r-,0

The Grain Cradle is an article which is coming into very
eeneral use in the New England States, where they were
till of late but little known, allhoueh they have been in very
"eneral use in the Souihern and Western Suites, for many
years, and which is found lo be decidedly the best "lOde ol
Lrvesliiig grain, as it is supposed one man will cradle five
acies in a (lay, when he cannot reap ino.f than one. The
difference in gathering a crop is so much ijfuvor of cradleiDg,
1 at we mus? suppose that it will be the only mode adopted
herealler and the grain cra.lle will become of as much use,
as an implement ol husbandry, as the plow now is.

There has been a very great improvement in the manulac-
luring ol ibis arlicle, tliey are now made on the mos_l im-
nrovc'd plan ; It e scythe is well sefcured and linishcd in a
superior manner and made of the best cast steel.

For sale al C.e N. E. Agricultural Warenouse and Seed
Store Nos. 51 and 62 Norlh Market street. JOSEPH

BRECK & CO. ■ i""'^ .

LAC 4 OMETERS.

Good Cultivainrs for sale at ihe New England .\gricn!tu
ral Warehouse, Nos. 61 & 52 North Market S:riei, Price
»3,60. JOS. BRECK & CO.

FOR BALE

Two pair of Pigs. Berkshire and China.
BKECK t CO.

JOSEPH

June 30.

Just received nl the New Eueland Agricultural Ware-
bnuse, No. 61 and !>2, North .Market si., a few sets of Lac-
toinelers, for testinj the qualitv of milk.

June 23 ' JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

GRINDSTONKS.

An eitensire assortment of W»ler and Hand Grindsiores
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMlC. LOMBAMt
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. l;.

32

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JI.I.Y as, 184 f.

MISCELLANEOUS

AN EVENING REVERIE.

BY WM. CULLES BRYANT.

The summer ilay has closrd, the sun is set.

Well have they done their office, those bright hour.i,

The latest of wliose train goes softly out

In the red west. The green hladc of the ground

Has risen, and herds have cropped it ; the young Iwig

Has spreail its plaited tissues to the sun ;

I'^lowers of the garden and the waste have Mown

And withered; seeds have fallen upon the soil

From bursting cells, '\nd in their graves await

Their resurrection. Insects from the pools

Have filled the air awhile with humming wings,

That now are still fnrivcr ; painted moths

Have wandered the hlue sky, and died aguin ;

The molher-liird hath hroken for her lirooj.

Their prison shells, or shoved ihcm from the nest,

I'lumed for their earliest (light In bright alcoves,

In woodland cottages with barky walls.

In noisome cells of the tumultuous town,

Mothers have clasped with joy the newborn babe.

Graves by the lonely forest, by the shore

Of rivers and of oceqn, by the ways

Of the thronged city, have been hollowed out

And filled, and closed. This day hath parted friends,

That ne'er before were parted 3 it hath knit

New friendships : it hath seen the maid«n plight

Her faith and trust her peace to him who long

Had wooed, and it hath heard, from \\\»e *'hich late

Were eloquent of love, the first harsh word

That told the wedded one her peace was flown.

Karewell to the sweet sunshine ! One glad day

Is added now to childhood's merry days,

And one calm day to those of quiet age.

Still the fleet hours run on; and as I lean

Amid the thickening darkness, lamps are lit,

Uy those who watch the dead, and those who twine

Flowers for the bride. The mother from the eyes

Of her sick infant shades the painful light.

And sadly listens to his quick-drawn breath.

Oh thou great Movement of the Universe,

Or Change, or Flight of Time, for ye arc one !

That bearest, silently, this visible scene

Into night's shadow and the streaming rays

Of starlight, whither art thou bearing me ?

I feel the mighty current sweep me on,

Yet know not whither. Man foretells afar

'1 he courses of the stars ; the very hour

He knows, when they shall darken or grow bright.

Yet doth the eclipse of sorrow and of death

Come unforewarned. Who next of those I love

Shall pass from life, or sadder yet, shall fall

From virtue ? Strife with foes, or bitterer strife

With friends, or shame or general scorn of men :

Which who can bear?— or the fi?rce rack of pain,

Lie they within my path ? Or shall the years

Push me, with soft and inolfensive pace,

Into the stilly twilight of my age?

Or do the portals ofanolhcr life

Even now, while I am glorying in ir.y strenglh,

Impend around me 7 Uh! beyond that bourne,

In the vast cycle of being which begins

At that dread threshold, with what fairer forms

Shall the great law of change and pnigress clothe

lU workings? Gently— so havo goiKl men taught—

Gently, and wilhnui grief, the ol.l shall glide

Into the now ; the eternal tlnw of things,

Like a brigll river o( ih'J fields of heaven,

Shall journey onward in perpelunl peace.

From ilie Knickerbocker for July.

•JHI-: CONTR.^ST.

Do you see that proud, overbearing man, riding
in his "ilded carria;jc ? Look 1 he stops before a
inngniliceiit mansion, niid liveried lacqiiics, obedi-
ent to his call, assist him to descend.

Do you see that [loor miserable hoy, whose tot-
tered clothes scarcely sliield him from the inclo-
meiicy of the weather? Mark! with a beseech-
ing look he solicits the rich man to purchase a pen-
cil or a card of pens ; and heboid how con'eniptu-
ously lie is spurned 1

Twenlyfivo years njro tliat pompous man was as
poor, as friendless, and as wretched as the uri:hin
which he despises.

Twcntyfive years have passed since that day.
The same parties meet: lo ! the contrast.

The once poor boy stands in the pride of man-
hood, active, intelligent, rich. A lovely woman,
his wife, leans upon his arm, and three blooming
girls are by his side. Grace in every action, be-
nevolence in every expression, and affluence smiles
in his unostentatious adornments.

An old man approaches. The tottering step,
the Ihreadbare garments, and the painful expres-
sion that frets in every feature, too plainly denote
a man of want and wo. Better dead, than to drag
on a miserable existence.

This may at the tirst blush appear to some an
improbable romance. It is a truth.

In a country like ours, there is no man, however
poor, if aided by industry, economy, and virtue, but
may rise from the lowest ranks of society to the
highest. The knowledge of this fact is a blessed
incitement to the youiiir, and cheers them on to
struggle nobly in the paths which lead to honor
and independence, des[)ite the Ihoiisand obstacles
that oppose their course.

There is no man, however affluent, but by ex-
travagance and bad morals may fall from his high
estate, and close his days in penury and wo.

Lot none despise the poor because of their pov
erty ; let none flatter the rich because of their
wealth. We may conquer poverty ; wealth may
subdue us. All men of equal virtue are equals.
If one man possess more intelligence than his fel-
lows, though that of itself may not elevate him in
the ranks of the good, yet it brings him added re-
spect, and wins a willing admiration from all men
— "The GOon alonk are great."

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in ll
I form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould hi ni
j has been so formed as to /at/ the Jurroie completchj orp
luminf; in every particle of grass or stubble, artj lenving (I
. g-rounil in the best possible manner. The leiif tli of tl
. mould board has been very much increased, so thai ll

Plough works with the greatest case, both wilh respect
I the holding and the leain. The Committee at the late In
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Shoulfi our opinion be asked as to which of the PIoul'I
we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps say
the inquirer, it' your land is mostly light ami easy to win
try Prouty & Mears, but if your land is heavy, luird err rocl.

BEGIN WITH Ma. HoWABn'."?.''

At the above mer.ttoned irial the Howard PI'-ugh il
more work, with the same pmrer of teajn, than any olh
plough, exhibited. Ntt other turned more than iweotysci
and'one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while ll
Howard Plough turned tKentynine and one half inehcs,
the same potter of learn .' Ail acknowledge that Howard
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial
made.

There has been quiie an improvement made on the shn ■*'
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed within b
having to furnish a new jandsiile; this shoe likewise secur
the mould board uiid landside together, and strenglhens u
Plough viTy much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to 813. A PloiiMJii
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost abi
Sio 60, and with cutter *l, with wheel and cutter, *2

cm

Hf

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail,
the New f^ngland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St.i
Nos. 61 & 52 North Phuket Sin el. by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

TJRAPT AND TKACE CHAIKS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
200 " 'Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CI
.\o. 52 North Market st. April 2i

TO THE PUBLIC.

DR. CHARLES M. WOOD. Vclerinary Surge-
respectfully informs his I'riends and the public, that he I
removed from Blossom St., lo C'.i Carver St. All orders I
at 1iis house, oral ihe stable of Wm. Forbes, No. " Sudhi
St , will be promptly attended lo, and gratefully ackno-
edged. All diseases of Horses, Cuitle or Swine, are allei
ed to. Also, castrating and spaying.

For the information of those vvho may have occasion
his services, and are unacquainted with his practice, be
politely pcrmiited to reler 10 the following gentlmiin »
have employed him for n number of years past.

V\'illinms & Pearson,

Wm. Forbes,
Wm. J. Nilcs,
Joshua Seward,
J. B. Read,
James F. Fnllham,
Wm. P. Loring,
Joseph C. Pray.
Boston, April 26.

FENCK CHAINS.

Just rcreivcd from England, lO.ono feel Chains, suitO'
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. HKECK
CO., No. (.2 North iVI:irket st. April 2

Geo. Meachsm,
I S. K. Bavlev,
I L. Mnvnard,

1 Isaac P'osier,
Artemas White,
Brown & Sevrf dm.

A great mind may change il3obj'•ct^, but it can.
not relinquidli tlioin ; it must have something to
pursue : variety is Its relaxation, and aiiuisement
its repose. — Lncon.

PATK.XT UKASS S VUINGK-M II ALK Oil. SOAP.

Willis's Paleut ImproToii Brass Syiim-e lor watering
plants, grape vines, small trees, destroying the Rose Bug,
Ste. "This Syringe may be used on all occasions when water-
ing is necessary lor using a solution prepared for the pur-
pose, li> inevont mildow ou grape vines, mid also to use the
preparation of Snap lor the desiruelion of the Rose Bug.

This Syringe may be hn.l of JOSEPH BBE(;K .V" CO.
N.is. .-,1 lind 52 Nnrtli Market Sired, who li.is for sale the
Whale Oil Soap, a sure prevcniativc against ihe ravages of
ibe Rose Bug niid other insects. The Soap should be dilu-
ted by water, at the rale of fifteen g illons of water to \v.n
pounds of Snap, and applied by the Syringe. The Soap is
in kegs containing 23 lbs., at one dollar per keg. July 11

___^__ _ ^j

N E \V F. N C, l. AND F A K M E R |li;

A WEKKI.T PAI'FR.

The Edlloriiil dcpartmenl of this paper having cii "
into tlic hanils oftlio subsrriher, he is now onlh" '
hv tile publishers to info
llio pnper in reducud.

the public that Ihe price n
future ihn terms will \>i

llio pnper in reducud. In future ihn terms will bn
ner vent in udrance, or ,'J2 .W if not piiid witbin ihi '
llayi. AI-LE.N PUTNAM «i

N. R. — Poslnmsturs nni
suhscripliofis innl ruiniil.ini

iqiiired by
cs lor nuv

law lo frank
spnpcrs, wilhifll

Tl'TTI.K ANn IiE.N.NETT, PRINTERS.

WI

AND H O K T 1 C U L T U 11 A L II E (i I S T i: K .

PUULISH&D BV JOSEPH BRECK «t CO., NO. 6S NOKTH MARKET STREET, (AoRicutTimAL WA»Biiouii.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WKDNKSOAY KVIl.NINO, AUGUST 4, 1811.

[NO. n.

N. E. FARMER.

For iba New England Farmer.

SALT FISH AS A MANURK, &c.

Mr F'utnam — Sir — If you can deem it cxpcdi-
snt to givo a little intonnatioii as to tlie beat man-
ner of making compost witli salted fish, you will
:>blige one, and perhaps many, if the article is of
loy value.

I have six barrels of fish vith about half of a
lushel of salt, (most of the salt beincj wasted with
Jie brine,) deposited in two loads of loam, which 1
ixpect will be soft enough to "pick up" in a few
nreeks. I design to mi.x with It five or si.x buck
oads of muck, and as many bushels of old slacked
ime soon, and then turn it again in the fall, and
et it remain till spring. Is there any better way .'
should there be any quick lime used at any time
n this compost? Will there be too much salt in
his, (sny 4 lbs. fish to 1 cubic foot,) if I foot of
:ompost is put in S hills of corn or potatoes ?
»Vould It be belter to spread it and plow under ?

Fruit Trees. I have had se»eral fruit trees
hat formerly auffered very much from drought,
reatly improved by the following experiment. A
ittle manure was first spread and dug in, some
Iry leaves added, then soil of a loamy clinractcr to
he depth of about four inches. The produce lins
een greatly increased and the quality was unu-
ually fine.

Have you the description of any varieties of
ilun trees not subject to warts, possessing good
iroperties for preserves — Clingstones, firm flesh
ind plenty of acid ?

My plum trees are troubled by an insect in
hape like a beech nut, and about three sixteenths
if an inch in length, having wings but seldom using
hem — often congregating, and when in that state
esenible a bunch of moss. Do not these insects
Buse the excresences ? Perhaps the wash made
f whale-oil soap applied the last week in May,
vould destroy it. I think I shall try it, if I liave
n opportunity.

Yours, &c.

Eatt Hartford, July iolh, 1841.

(XT^W'e have never used salt fish for the pur-
■ose of enriching the earth, and cannot furnish our
orrespondent with any information upon the sub-
ect. The preparation he is making seems to be
udicious, and we do not advise any departure from
IS course. Though in reply to his question whclh-
r we should use any r/uicklime, we say, yes. Per-
aps no advantage would be derived from it, but
ve should expect that its use would be quite efii-
acious in removing the acidity of the muck and
endering that better manure. The quantity of
alt we judge to be no greater than may be applied
ritlioiit danger of harm. The sea-marl or mus-
le-bed, which ia constantly put upon tlio lands
lere, is, probably, as salt as will be the compost of
>ur correspondent, and this marl ia one of our best
nanures.

We believe there is no valuable plum in this
vicinity that is not subject to the disease referred
to.— Kn.

" BKE-BREKDING IN THE WKST."

This is the title of a small work by Thomas Af-
fleck, (yincinnnll. It was received several weeks
since, but it has not been convenient for us to look
at it until now. Wo find it interesting and instruc-
tive. Its main purpose is to show how, by the use
of the "subtended hive," bees may be kept from
destruction by the moth. — Though bees have al-
ways been on our homestead as far back as we can
remember, and thougli we have often ai^sisted in
hiving them, and in destroying them when the hon-
ey was to be obiained, yet our observation of them
has never been minute and accurate enough to give
us much confidence in our own ability to judge of
the merits of any book relating to thcin. Our opin-
ion, therefore, in regard to Mr Affleck's work, may
be of little worth — but wo were very favorably im-
pressed by its perusal. Its accounts of the natu-
ral habits of the bee, as far as we can judge, are
correct; and we think tliat all who arc interested
in this curious insect, will find in this book instruc-
tion enough to pay lliein well for a perusal.

One point which tho author deems important,
and which he would have kept constantly in view
is, that the bees always work downwards. In de-
monstration of this he says :

" When left to itself to seek a honie ir) the
woods, it pitches upon a hollow tree or a crevice
in the cliflTs, and commences at the extreme top,
there forming its first comb. As the cells are
formed, the Queen Mother deposites her eggs in
them, regularly using the new ones for this pur-
pose, and that only once; she rarely places an
egg in the same cell a second time, so long as
there is space for the fonnalion of new ones. So
soon as the young bee leaves the cell, tho workers
clean it out, removing every thing but the nymphal
robe, or white covering within which the larva; un-
derwent its transformation, which is pressed down
to the bottom and covered over with a thin coat of
wax. This, of course, diminishes the size of the
cell, which is then used for the reception of honey ;
while the succession of eggs, as before remarked,
the Queen's instinct teaches her to deposite in the
newly formed, full sized cells. So long as their
supply of food is abundant, and suflicient space is
allowed them bdow, they go on increasing ; but to
what extent has not yet been determined. It
seems probable that there must be a limit to the
procreative powers of the Queen ; and as no two
((ueens can exist, in a state of freedom, in the same
hive, all plans which are intended to prevent their
following their natural mode of increase — by
swarming — must end in failure.

"They thus go on, as is their habit both in a
wild and domesticated state, working always down-
ward, leaving their winter's store of honey at the
top of the hive, and congregating with their <|ueen,
round those cells which contain their eggs and lar-
vse.

" It was his observation of this fact, that such

was their invariable practice, that led the French
writer to whom I am indebted for the first idea of
the subtended hive, and who originated the two-
storied hive, to adopt the plan of adding his boxes
below, and allowing the bees to follow their iiatii-
ral course. In his treatise, he remarks, that " it is
evident, if we intend to rob bees, thus lodged in a
hollow tree or cleft of a rock, without injuring
them, we must attack the store at the top. There
the combs are easily removed, because the bees
have left them, and are busily engaged in llie low-
er part of the hollow or crevice, and do not even
perceive the theft ; nor do they sutTcr by being de-
prived of these upper combs, which have become
superfluous by the new stock of provisions, which
they go oh instinctively accumulating in their
uninterrupted descending operations. Hern the
whole secret of nature is laid open — how to rob
them without doing them the least injury."

"Those who have adopted the plan of adding an
empty box on top of the peruianent hive, think they
have made the same discovery, and that they are
acting up to it. But they overlook, in their meth-
od, several most important facts — that it compels
the bees to breed, year after year in the same box ;
and of course they must use the same cells for the
repeated hatchings, which thus become continually
diminished in size, by the addition of two or three
nymphal robes in a season; until the difiereiice
betwcer the bees from such i. ' '"e and from a
thriving young one, is appa.ent to the most care-
less observer. Then when so managed, they breed
but little ; the swarms occasionally thrown off arc
weak and inefticient, and rarely exist through the
first winter unassisted."

"The Bee Moth. About the year 1800, tho in-
sect now familiarly known as the " Bee-moth," first
made its appearance about Boston — or rather, its
ravages did not until that time become generally
complained of. It is considered by naturalists to
be, like the insect on which it preys, a native of
Europe, and if so — and we are much inclined to
doubt It — must have found its way here in some
inexplicable manner.

"In 1*^05, it showed itself in and about Wall-
ingford, Connecticut, where it soon became the
pest of the apiaries.

" It is noticed as being already very trouble-
some about Philadelphia, in 1812 — but it was not
until fifteen years afterwards that it showed itself
as far west as the Ohio line, and did not spread
over the State until some years after.

« About 1630, it appeared in the vicinity of Cin-
cinnati. It seemed to continue its course slowly
and gradually westward, almost exterminating the
bee lis it went ; people did not know to what to as-
cribe the destruction. Those few, who in that day,
were subscribers to an agricultural paper, were
informed of the cause and were able to keep it
somewhat in check ; particularly where their apia-
ry happened to be on a high, airy situation. Gen-
erally speaking, however, its ravages were such,
that instead of finding the usual stock of from fifty
to a hundred stands round the gardens of the in-

34

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

AOG. 4, 1-141.

(liifilrioiis German settlers, scarce one was to be 1
seen.

"All the (Inmage was done, before those of the
western farmers who kept bees, could be convinced
that this enemy to their industrious little friends,
was goinij to occasion miicli injury ; and the con-
sequence was, that they increased and spread with
much ^jrcaler ra|iidity than if proper and seasona- 1
ble means had been used to check them. Many '
apiaries were entirely destroyed, before the pro- [
prietors were aware that aufjht was wrong. |

"Their proi^ress westward f=till continues: five]
years ago, on the Wabash, lliey were easily kept
under; now, they are in many places carrying all
before thein. West of that river, so far as I can
learn, they are scarce known yet; though they
will undoubtedly in time, occasion the same gene-
ral destruction there that they have done else.
where — unless, indeed, some such plan as that re-
commended in this work, is used to prevent it. —
Those who attempt bee-breeding in a prairie coun-
try, will not suffer so much from the moth as if
their apiaries were in the timber — the free current
of air is prejudicial to that insect; and the abun-
dant supply of food which the bees find there, ena-
bles them to increase so freely, and the hives are
generally so well filled with bees, in full health,
size and vigor, that the moth has little chance.

" For some years past a complete check seems
to have been put to the business of the apiarist in
this region. A good stand of bees is rarely to be
met with ; and honey has become, from its scarci-
ty, a luxury indeed. From fifteen to twenty cents
per pound is the common price for a good article
in the comb. At such a price, there can be no
business named which will pay as well. Suppo-
sing that u farmer was to devote one third of his en-
tire time to the care of even forty stands, they
would pay him better than any other stock that he
could keep, or any crop that he could raise. And
an apiary of forty stands would require no such
outlay of time and labor. Two or three hours
per day, twice or three times a week, would suf-
fice to keep them in order and check the niolli

During the s.varming season, it wrjuld be necessa-
ry that some one was at work within hearing or
seeing distance of the bee-shed."

Subtended Hive. It is a simple and economical
plan, of easy management, and one within the
means of any farmer who can handle a saw, a
plane and a hammer.

" The boxes of which it is composed, are formed
of good, well-seasoned pine plank — if possible, free
from knots and wind -shakes. It ought to be at
least one inch thick. The boxes may be ten,
eleven or twelve inches scpiare, in the clear. Let
the plank be dressed on each side, and jointed on
the edges, so as to fit close, without being tongued
and grooved. Before nailing them together at the
sides, lay a thin strip of thick wliiie lead paint on
the edge to be nailed, which will render it imper-
vious to the ovipositor of the moth. In (he top cut
two semi-circular holes at the front, and two at the
back, of one inch and a half in diameter — the
straight side being in a line with the back and
front of the box, so that the bees may have a
straight road in their way from <Mie slury to the
other. I'ut the top on without any layer of paint,
using eight stout screw nails, that it may be taken
off to facilitate the removal of the honey. Give
the outside of the box two coats of white lead paint,
all except the top; and let it be done so long be-

fore it is necessary to use it, thnt the smell may
bi' dissipate 1, as it is very offensive to the bees.
Pour a lilllf melted bees-wa.x, while pretty hot,
over the inside of the top, which will enable the
bees to attach their comb much more firmly. Let
three (|uarter3 of an inch of the thickness of the
lower edges of the box in the inside be bevelled
off, so as to leave but about one fourth of an inch
of surface to rest upon the stand — this will afford
less shelter for the eggs of the moth.

"We will suppose the boxes, thus made, to be
a cube oftwelve inches inside. In that case, the
tunnel stand will be made thus. Take a piece of
two-incli pine plank, free from knots and shakes —
what carpenters term "clear stuff;" length 2G, and
breadth ]8 inches. Ten inches from one end, and
two from the other and from each side, is marked
a square of fourteen inches. F'rom the outside of
this square, the board is dressed off, with an even
slope, until its thickness at the front edge is reduc-
ed to half an inch, and at the other three edges to
about an inch. The square is then reduced to
twelve inches, in the centre of which is bored an
inch auger hole; to this hole the inner sijuare is
also gradually sloped to the depth of an inch ; thus
securing the bees from any possibility of wet lodg-
ing about their hive, and atTording them free ven-
tilation. There will then be a level, smooth strip
of one inch in width, surrounding the square of
twelve inches, on which to set the box or hive. —
Two inches from the front bdge of the stand, com-
mence cutting a channel two inches in width, and
of such a depth as to carry it out, on an even
slope, halfway between the inner edge of the hive,
and the ventilating hole in the centre. Over this,
fit in a piece of wood as neatly as possible, dress-
ing it down even with the slope of the stand, so as
to leave a tunnel two inches in width by a quarter
of an inch in depth. Under the centre hole, and
over the outlet of the tunnel, hang small wire grates,
the one to prevent the entrance of other insects,
and the other to be thrown back to permit the exit
of the bees, or fastened down to keep them at home
in clear, sun-shining days in winter. For feet to
the stand, use four or five inch screw-nails, screwed
in, from below, far enough to be firm. The lower
side ought also to be jilaned smooth ; and the
whole should have two coats of white paint some
time before it is wanted.

" 7'he apiary or bee-shed may be of a length
adapted to the number of stands for which it is in-
tended, and ought to be at least six feet in depth,
and six feet in height at the back. It may be
built in the cheapest manner, and yet combine
economy and convenience with neatness and taste.
Locust posts, sunk in the grounds, with rough
plates and rafteis. covered over-head with clap-
brards, and behind with rough planks; the arch-
es in front composed of crooked limbs ; the in-
side and the back \vhitewashed with lime every
spring; the fn it and ends covered with creep-
ers, so trained as to be out of the way of the
bees, and not so thick as to harbor insrcls; and
the floor paved with brick, or laid with gravel,
rolled firm, will be all that is necessary. A. good,
sound plank will be run lengthways of" the shed,
supported by stout legs, to answer as a bench on
which to set the stands ; and must allow of an al-
ley two and a hall feet in width behind it. The
bee-shed may front in any direction — though it is
best to protect it from the hot summer's sun ; from
the extreme cold of winter, and from the sudden
thunder-gusts so common from the south-west in

summer. An eastern or south-eastern exposure is
preferable. Let it be so placed as that the mo-
tions of the bees may be conveniently watched
from the house, without having them in the way."

From ibe Albanj- CuhiTator.

WEEDS.

Every plant growing with a cultivated crop, and
which has a tendency to lessen the product, or de-
crease its viUie, may with propriety be called a
weed ; even if one which possesses some iirpor-
tance in itself, and may under other circumstances
hi! worthy of culture. The term weed, however,
is usually applied to plants which are valueless,
and which by growing with the cultivated crop, in-
crease the labor, while they lessen its value. 9

Weeds are either annual and biennial, or peren-
nial ; or such as spring up from seeil and come to
maturity by ripening their seeds either the first or
second year, or those Ihat after once having been
sown, continue to propagate both by seeds and
roots. Annual or biennial weeds,if the stem is
cut before or at the time of flowering, are destroy-
ed, since there are no remaining means of propa-
gation ; but in perennial weeds, or those propaga-
ted from the root as well as the seed, the destruc-
tion of the stem does not ensure the death of the
plant, as the power of propagation is still remain-
ing. Of course the destruction of annual weeds
is much more easy than that of perennials; al-
though some of the former have such a multitude
of seeds, and will remain so long without vegeta-
ting, unless the soil is cultivated, that the difference
in labor is not so great as some have supposed. —
Perfect tillage is the best destroyer of all weeds,
but various expedients, such as pulling out the an-
nuals, and cutting off the perennials, are resorted
to, in order to check or eradicate them. It cannot
bo expected that more than a few of each cla.ss
can be named here, and such wili be selected as
are the most common and troublesome. It may
be remarked that a reference to European agricul-
tural works will show that some t)f their most inju-
rious weeds are unknown here ; that some we
treat as weeds which they cultivate as valuable
plants ; and that some of the most troublesome
weeds found in our fields, appear to be unknown
there, at least ars not found to infest (heir crops.

PERKNMAL WEEDS.

Johns wort — Hi/pericum perforatum.
Meadow Crowfoot — Ranunculus aeris.
Daisy — Bellis pereivii.i.
('anada Thistle — Cnirus arvensia.
Droad-leaved Dock — Ruintx oblnsifolius.
Couch or Wheat Grass — Triticum repens.
Ox-eye or White Daisy — Cliryslhanlhcnium leu-
cantheinum.

Everlasting — Cnaphalium.

AN.NCAL WEKDS.

Sleon-ciout or Wheat Thief — Lithospi rmum ar-
icnsr.

Wild Mustard — .Sinapis arvensis.

Common Chickweed — SIctluria media.

Wild or Climbing Buckwheat — Polygonum con-
vulvus.

llurdock — Jlrctinm lappa.

Feverfew — Pyrcthrum inodorous.

Johnswort, so well known to the farmer by its
intrusion into meadows and pastures, and by its
occupying almost t^ie whole ground to the exclu-

vol.. TX. MO. 5.

A N D II C) II I' I C U L T I' a A I. R K ti I S T E R ,

.*}>

eioii nl'nll llic viiliiulilc grn^scH. is oi
eoinmoii mill iirrnicioin wpi-ils in tin

of the iiinsl ' audi tdoIh of woo. In as nro boliiiv llio BiirCiico, and cropn is ono nf ilic mrost hignn (if B sliivonly fnr-
coiintry. W'o I tlius onahlos tlio luriner Id jfnilior nnd iloblmy lliein. | mer tlml oxists. When you hco the toiU i>( coivii,

know of no \iilnabli< iinc to which il can bo put ; Conch grans in nioro cniily doitroycd in thin wny
all iinimals reject it, unless itnrvcd to fpodin;: up- !tlnn aunie other wcodH, na its thick, fibrous routs
on It, nnd it is n positivo poiscMi to such ns nre com- ' ciiunos llioiu to ndlioro Hlronply together, and they

polled to fcoil on it. It h.is frcc]uontly cnusod the
death of yoiinrr cattle nnd shcop. Jolinsn-nrt iiiny
be killed by tliorotiph tilla^\ eoedinjr thick with
grasses, nnd iisino; pinster liberally.

Meadow Crowfoot, cnllod also biitter-cup nnd
^■ellow daisy, prows in most parts of the country,
rhe whole family to which it belongs arc poison

are thus more easily collected

The common daisy is & very troiibluHomo pinnt
in pnstiiros or meadows, and if left unmulosird
soon becomes n preiit nuisance. Tillaffo is the
proper remedy, but ns ii shows itself in meadows
too moist for a course of culture, previous drain-
ing in such cases is necsssury. 'I'liere is then

»us, inflaming the skin nnd sometimes blistering it. ' little ditlicuUy in extirpating it, particularly if a
If there is considornble grass with the plant, cattle ■ dressing of lime be given to the soil ut the time
hat It olT without danpor, and it seems to lose much i of plowing.

fits acrid property when cut with grass and made
nto hay. It is cn'iily destroyed by plowing and
ropping, followed by again seeding.

The o.x-cye, or white daisy, is a pestiferous weed
'hero it is allowed to establish itself on n farm,
rowding out most of the valuable grasses, and be-
ig in itself of little use. It is most frequent in
astnrcs, alliiough seen in meadows, and can only
G eradicated by tillage cnoducted in a proper man-
«r.
The Canada thistle is most unfortunately so
ell known as to require no description. Spread-
ig both by its long, creeping, vigorous roots, nnd
V its seeds, it has spread over a very large part of
lO northern States, and promises to eventually oc-
ipy no inconsiderable portion of the remainder.
is one of the most ditiicult plants to destroy, as
e roots throw out stems iVoni each joint, and if
iiy part of the roots arc left undisturbed in the
il, they will at once spring up and produce a nu-
erou-j body of plants. On the best cultivated
rnis it is with dilficulty kept under, and on those
nere spring grains nre generally grown, and hoed
op« and summer fallows are unfrequent, they
i with great rapidity. It prefers a rich, moist
il, and on such is with more ditficulty eradicated
■>in on dry or less fertile ones ; yet the roots are
tenacious of life, that on all, it is one of the
St formidable of weeds. No half-way or tem-
riziiig measures will succeed with the thistle.
must be attacked vigorously, either by plowing,
■sing, or repeated mowing, and there must be no
«l till it is destroyed root and branch. If one
nr'a tillage or fallowing does not answer the
rpose, give two ; but it must be remembered
t a single root left living, will in a short time
Jo all that you have done, and fill the soil as be-
e.

Broad-leaved dock is a bad weed, as it spreads

idly when allowed to perfect its seeds, and it

ows out such a mass of leaves that it occupies

ground almost exclusively. f'ortunntely its

itiuction is comparatively easy, nothing more be-

required than with a single blow from a sharp

•, to cut otT the plant below the crown, or at

le little distance in ihe ground, and as it throws

no suckers from the roots, it is killed at once.

^ouch, quack, or wheat grass, is n serious pest

he farmer, as it is very tenacious of life, and

5W8 out roots from every joint of its stem that

dies the earth. Its roots too are creeping, and

part of them left in the land is sure to vege-

!. Low says the most effectual method of de-

lying this weed, " is by frequent plowing and

rowing, and collecting the roots by the hand."

Ljland, where it is the worst weed of tilled

Js, implements are used called grubliers, which

through the pulverized soil, and bring utit

Kverlasting, or cotton weed, so called by some
from the white down on its stems and leaves, is a
plant that is rapidly scattered by its seeds when
they nre allowed to ripen, and a root once estab-
lished in the soil progresses slowly, but surely, to
destroy, wo believe, every other plant of grass
with which it comes in contact. On cultivated
lands it does little or no injury, but spreails in pas-
tures most injuriously, unless pains ,ire ti.keii to
cut thcin up so as to prevent their seeding, or ilig-
ging them by the root, which latter course is pre-
ferable, ns the cure if thoroughly perf'orDied is ef.
foctual.

Of the annual weeds, tlie one which produces
the greatest injury to the wheat grower is the stecii
crout, or red root. \Vc have seen in Western New
Vork, thousands of ncrcs of wheat which would
hardly give half a crop from the prevalence of this
weed. It springs up early, grows rapidly, and its
spreading thick top smothers and exhausts the
wheat plant. The remedy for this nuisance is
first to clean the land of all the red-root in it by
thorough tillage, and then to sow none but pure
seed. If a few stalks any where appear in a field,
pull them up at once, and by no means allow any
to mature their sends on the farm.

Charlock or wild mustard on many farms abounds
in all plowed lands and springs up in grain of all
kinds. .As this plant ripens its seed, and sheds
them from its pods before harvesting, it is one of
the worst of the annual weeds to eradicate. Hoed
crops are useful in exterminating charlock, and on
some farms in England wheat is sown in rows to
give the crop the benefit of this clearing process.
Summer fallowing is also good, if the plowings are
repeated so often as to give an opportunily for all
the seeds in the soil to vegetate, and be destroyed
in succession. Its yellow flowers render it con-
spicuous in wheat or other grain, and where but
little exists it may be pulled by hand and the crops
freed from its presence.

Cliickweed, on old sour grounds, is a bad weed,
and the richer such grounds are made, the more
troublesome will this plant become. The best
method of eradicating this weed is to change the
character of the soil, making it dry by draining,
and curing their sourness by using lime or ashes.
It rarely shows itself to any extent on sandy or
lime rock dry lands, while it will cover u field like
a mat »ihero the soil is wet, tenacious and cold.

Climbing buckwheat, or bindweed, is rarely in-
jurious on well tilled lands ; but where the culti-
vation is imperfect, or the plant springs up in grain,
it does much mischief by binding the growing
plants together and preventing them perfecting
their seeds. Weeding or tillage will destroy the
climbing buckwheat.

Burdock, independent of the injury it does to

the wool ol »heep, or ihc ninno and tails of cullii,
loaded and bound together with burdock burx, you
mny uuhout further exniniualion pnmounco thi'ir
owner a slovenly, unthrifty farmer. The burdock
ii easily killed liy cutting it below the crown of
the plant, and where such is the case there can be
no excuse for its presence.

Feverfew, or Mayweed, is common in »ome parts
of our country nnd is injurious in grain. Tho-
rough cultivation is fatal to it, nnd consequently it
is not so much dreaded as some other plants. Wild
or stinking chamomile is sometimes miNtakcn for
Feverfew, but the inanageincnt of both mny be l^^p
same, nnd the extirpation of cither is not dilficult.

There are many other plants and shrubs that in-
fest the fields of the fanner, and materially lessen
his products and profits. Il may be remarked,
however, that all weeds arc frequent or scarce on
a farm, exactly in proportion as its maniigement is
bad or good. All will prosper where the culture
is bad : nil will be exterminated where the manage-
ment is good.

TO S.AVE SEEDS.

All seeds keep better in their seed vessels, but
this can rarely be done, on account of the great
I space occupied. As soon, therefore, as the pods
!of cnbbages, turnips, radishes, &c. turn brown, and
a part becomes dry, the sterns should be cut and
laid on a cloth or floor to dry, and afterwards
thrashed out and hung up in bags in some open,
airy place. Lettuces should he pulled up with the
roots, as soon as there is the least appearance of
maturity, and hung up, and the plants will ripen
all of their seeds, nearly at the same time. If left
in the garden to ripen, the earliest and best will
be lost ; in fact, except under very favorable cir-
cumstances, very few will be obtained, as every
shower and every strong breeze will lessen the
quantity nnd scatter those which are mature over
the whole garden. The same course should be
pursued with leeks and onions. It is a prevalent
opinion that the bush squash cannot be perpetuated
among us, as such have a strong tendency to run,
and will in ime or two seasons become a vine. —
This is a mistake, and originated, no doubt, in the
manner of saving the seed. If the first squashes
which appear be retained for seed, there is no dan-
ger of the plant running the next season; but if
these be used, and those which are home at the
extremes are preserved for this purpose, they will
run, and moreover will be later in bearing. To
have early fruit of either the squash, cucumber or
melon, tiio very first should be reserved. — South-
cm J}<fricuUur{st.

Destruclive Corn Worm. A valued friend in the
county of Norlhumherland, Va., writes us — "I am
now writing in a great hurry, or I would give a
full description of a most destructive worm now in
my corn: it has ent entirely up two hundred thou-
sand hills of my corn." Wo learn that a similar
visitation to that vicinity was made about twenty
years ago, and those who remember its appearance
at that time, term it the Palmn H'orm. — Americnn
Farnur.

The upright, if he sufTer calumny to move him,
fears the tongue of man more than the eye of God.
— Lacon.

36

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

AUG. 4,1841.

For the X. E. Fanner.

WEEDS.
Mr EuiToii — I was much pleased to see in
your last paper, an article headed " Hoeing and
Weeding, &c." This is the season when the far-
mer's fjrealest cneniV, weeds, is apt to make mis-
chievous encroachments. They advance hy day
and by night, steadily and almost unperccived by
the farmer, who is busily occipied in gathering his j
harvest; and, unfortiinately for him, he often has
not quite so great an antipathy to these pests as
their noxious qualities merit. They not unfre-
quontly do more injury to his crops than a drought
which is his great terror. If his neighbor's cattle
break into his pasture to take part of his cows'
feed, he is quick to drive them out and repair the
fence, while he spares the weeds which shoot up
in his field and rob his corn and potatoes of the
food needed for their nourishment and growth. —
The farmer should remember that for every pound
of weeds he suffers to grow, he loses a pound of
his cultivated crop, and if he allows them to go to
seed, his field will be sowed with weeds for the
ne.tt year. Hints on this subject, I am sure, would
be kindly received, and it is believed you could
no^ do a greater service to agriculture, than by
calling the attention of farmers to it, in your very
useful paper. A Frie.nd to FAriMEKS.

Lynn, July Qlst, 1841.

Q^^This friend of ours, brother farmers, has
given a hint which should be regarded. The
vieeds must be kept down. Let none of them go
to seed on the premises. — See article "Weeds,"
on another page, copied from the Albany Culti-
vator.— Ed.

NEW MANURE.
Immediately adjoining the farm I occupy is a tan-
yard, with about iiO acres of poor clay land attach-
ed. It ii so situated that I can from my fields sur-
vey the whole at a glance. A few years since, I
observed a small piece in the middle of one of the
fields, which was at the time tilled to wheat, look-
ing very luxuriant; knowing that no manure heap
had been placed there, I went to examine the
cause, when the tanner, who is an experimental
farmer on a small scale, informed me that he had
taken from the yard lour or five barrels of waste
hair and spread it upon this spot of about two land
yards. I have watched it narrowly from that time
to this; the wheat grew so strong that at harvest
it was so lain as to be of little value. Oats fol-
lowed wheat, and it was very visible in the clover.
The field is now again in wheat; I have just been
to see if there are any remains of it, but it being
wheat after potatoes, and sown late, it is not very
observable, although I think it is still visible. He
has this year carried the experiment to some ex-
tent, both as a manure for wheat and as a top-
dressing for clover, on both of which it has an as-
tonishing effect. He has likewise turned to ac-
count the rotten tan from the yard, by placing it
thick on the orchards, and seldom fails of a good
crop of apples ; the trees look very healthy, and
throw their shoots very .strong. He is now draw-

bein;; caffol not to let any part of it mix with the
top soil ; the manure was then raked in on the sub-
soil, and another trench formed by throwing the
surface-soil on the manure, and so on, until the
whole was completed. Th« land was then plant-
ed and sown with garden vegetables, each in its
proper season, and my crops will now compare
with the best in the neighborhood. My success is
complete, and beyond my most sanguine expecta-
tions.

Then, since " like causes produce like effecta,''|O0!
is it not reasonable to expect, that if a correspond-
ing system of subsoil plowing were adopted on
the farm, the same beneficial results would follow,
inasmuch as the fibrous roots of all the crops that
are cultivated in our fields penetrate the earth to a
far greater depth than what is moved by our ordi
nary mode of plowing? But by what mode this it
to be accomplished, I must leave to your enlight
'ened readers, who by their communications on tliit
interesting subject, would confer a favor on

R. W

From the same.

USEFUL RECIPES,

Mr Eoitor — I have been so much pleased one

instructed in reading your interesting journal, thai

I cannot wiihliold my approbation of the n)any tru

y valuable communications which from time l<

-, " 1.1] IV vaiuaoje communicaiiuns wmtn nuiii iimc u

g the waste tan on the roads, to be tn.dden up, | J^_^^ ^,^^^^. ^^^ ,.^^, .^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^

_eparatory to Its being used as manure for land.- ^^.^^ J^f^^ information maybe in my power, fo.

prepi

Mr Doblt, in Ihe Mark-lane Express.

HOW TO ERADICATE THE BRAMBLE.

I observe that a correspondent in your last num-
ber in(|iiirc8 how the blackberry bush may be de-
stroyed. As I have encountered and eradicated
some formidable patches which existed on the lands
which I have at different times added to my farm,
I think I may venture to recommend to your cor-
respondent an infallible prescription. Some time
in tho winter or spring, cut them close to the
ground, and repeat the operation the last of .July.
A few will appear the second year, and be sure to
cut them also the last of May and the last of July.
This specific id based upon the scientific principle,
that no tree, shrub or plant, can long maintain the
life of the root without the aid of the top. The
leaves, &c. are as imlispeiisable to the long life of
a vegetable, as lungs are to an animal.

Tho same plan will destroy tho iron-weed or
devil-bit, which so much infests tho blue grass
pastures of Kentucky, and which some farmers
have vainly tried to eradicate by cutting once a
year for thirty years in succession. Such pests
are not to be cxti;rminated by cutting in the blos-
som or in //ic mi/on, but by the dint of scratched
hands and sweated ficcs. You may have remark-
ed the freedom of my farm from them, though a
scattered one hero and there shows the propensity
of the soil to produce them, and that my predeces-
sors were industrious enough to raise tli^ir own
blackberries Western Farm. ^- Card.

SUBSOIL PLOWING.
To tliu Editor of the Farmer's Cabinet :

I have for a number of years been engaged in
the pursuits of agriculture, but being taught in the
"old school," to believe that any variation from

the beaten track of the farmers of Chester county, | offer them for insertion in the Cabinet,
two-score years ago, was any thing but commend- I have been engaged in rearing horses for th'
able — namely, one undeviating course: first a i market for several years, and have never had
crop of corn, then oats, then wheat and grasses, j case of the botts amongst my stock — presumin
with the application of what little manure chanced the reason is, that I salt my horses several times

the benefit of my brother farmers, many of whoi
are frequently deterred from doing thus, from th
fear of inability to dress their ideas in such Ian
guage as may be acceptable to your numerous an
intelligent readers — such, I may say, being m
own case, — but hoping the following remarks ma
be of use to some of our friends, I am induced t

It is stated in the Journal of Commerce, that a
• Mr Sheridan, residing in Buenoa Ay res, is the own-
er of 100,000 sheep. He began in 1820, with a
flock of 0(1. He employs about 20 shepherds.

to he lodged in the barn-yard during the winter
season, — these, with a few garden vegetables,
have seemed to embrace our whole round of farm-
ing operations, ever since.

But having recently become a reader of the
Farmers' Cabinet, and witnessed the beneficial re-

week during winter and summer ; while some
my neighbors, with a much smaller stock, are on
casionally losing a horse from that disease, and
believe my set;urity lies in perseverance in the us
of salt as a condiment, thereby strengthening tl
stomach and destroying the grub, which otherwii

suits produced by the experiments made and mak- niighl destroy the horse

ing, both in tho use of improved implements of hus- ] Many colts are annually lost by the scours, or
baiidry, and in the different and niucli improved ] laxity of the bowels, which disease maybe cure
modes of culture described and recommended there- 1 by the following means. Take a pint of stror
in, I have determined to rid myself of those preju- coffee o little over milk-warm, add two table-spoom
dices under which I have been laboring, and en- 1 ful of flour, and break into it two eggs ; stir we
deavor to profit by the experience and experiments together, and give the whole as a drench. Tw
of tho agriculturists of the prcsenf (/((I/. And liav- 1 doses are generally sutlicient for tho most invel.
ing read in a late number of the Cabinet, an arti- rate attack, if taken in time,
clo on gardening, in which the writer earnestly Some time since, a fine young horse of mil
recommends a system of subsoil cultivation, and was taken suddenly with the cholic, and after r
points out the very beneficial results which would [ sorting to all the means common in such a cael
he sure to follow therefrom ; and having had but but without success, ho was given over to di.
poorsuccess myself in gardening the past year, I de- wlien, recollecting that I had read of laudanum b

termincd to try the project, and accordingly, about
the middle of February, applied a good coat of ma-
nure to a piece of land designed for the experi-
ment: here it lay until the middle of JIarcli, when
I raked off the longest and driest part, and com-
menced digging a trench about seven inches deep,
the whole length of the land — throwing off the sur-
face-soil, as directed. I then dug up the bottom
of the trench a good depth, replacing tlie subsoil —

ng a sovereign remedy in that dangerous diseaa
I lost no lime in administering about half an ounc
and in less than ten minutes he appeared perfect
well.

With foundered horses, I generally succeed,
taking from the neck vein about a gallon of bloc
and admiDistcring as a drink, a quart of sassafr
tea, made strong, one table-spoonful of saltpeti
and B quarter of an ounce of assafoetida ; wit

VOL. X \. SO. 3.

AND H 0 R T 1 C^ V L T U K A L R E G 1 >S 1' L R

37

liolitiiig any drink for tivo or six lioiirs, at tlio cml
of which, slioulil liu not be belter, I rcpcut llio
blceiliii^, tnkui); Imirihe qiiaiitily, and t^ivinj; aiiotli-
er missjfrns ilrcneli, nfloriiig him hriin cir oatssciild-
ed Willi saKsafras ten, his drink bein^ mixed with
the leu: his feet should be well cleaned and tilled
with cow manure.

I am, sir, rcBpcclfulIv,

JOHN M.JOHNSON.

CONDITION OF THE WORKING CLASSES
OF GREAT BRITAIN.

Thn reports to the House of Commons upon the
condiii.in of ihe working classes of (Jreot Britain,
presoiit II picture appalling and truly horrifyiiig.
Those reports arc irrefrsgnhlu evidences of the
physical ond moral degradation of the working and
humbler classes of Great Britain, and are, no doubt,
the silent causes of the late, and indeed present
dissnlisfied and disturbed state of the people ; for
nothing so quickly evokes from its murky habita-
:ions the spirit of rerolt, as poverty. The follow-
ing is a condensed statement of the returns con-
tained in the reports alluded to.

Nottingham has a population of ."iOiOOO. Wllh-
in the town, which consists of 11,000 houses, there
are from 7,000 to 6,000 built back to back. When
:hc cholera raged, many rows of houses were found
o be placed upon drains, which were shallow, and
iiniply covered with the boards of the sitting-room
floors. These, when shrunk by heat, allowed nox-
ous smells to rise. The health and morals of the
-esidents suffered greatly from the slate of their
wellings. Liverpool population consists of 230,-
JOO. There are in the borough of Liverpool 7,81)2
nhabited cellars, dark, damp, confined, ill-ventila-
ed, and dirty. 'I'liese cellars contain one fifth of
he working classes, being 3i',000 persons, and of
he whole population they contain one seventh.
There are 2,270 courts, in which there are six or
ieven families, and few of these courts have more
;han one outlet. iManchester population, 200,000.
t was ascertained that twelve per cent, of the
iTorkiug population live in cellars. There are of
ihat class 128,232 persons, of whom .31,n7(> live in
:ellars. — In Salford there are 4!),9yi of the work-
ng classes, 3,335 of whom dwell in cellars. It is
«3tated that of 57,000 dwellings of the working
lasses, which were examined, 18,400 were ill-
furnished, and 10,400 scarcely comfortable. — In
Bury the population is 20,000. The following
statement of the condition of 3,000 of the families
of the working classes in this place is must revolt-
In 77.3 houses they slept three to four in a
bed ; in 207, they slept four to five in a bed ; and
in 78, they slept live to six in a bed ! This awful
statement must rouse the honest and religious
ndignation of every Englishman. — Bristol, popula-
tion, 120,000. Of 1,259 families, consisting of
20,000 persons, 2,800 families have but one room ;
€.30 houses are without sewers ; and l,3f)4 honscs
are without water, or are supplied with bad water.
Newcastle-on.Tyne, population 04,600. The ex-
aminer of this place reports as follows : In many
parts the dwellings are close, dirty and miserable,
without order or comfort, whole families inhabiting
a single room, and living in an atmosphere totally
unendurable. The mind cannot picture a state of
greater destitution or misery. — Leeds, population
80,000. Of 17,800 houses, 13,fi00 are under £10
per annum, and contain G1,000 of the working
classes. The streets are very bad, one half of
which are hung with linen, and are impassable to

horses. 'J'iiB nurth-OBSl ward ronlaiiiH l.'i.tOU
working people, und hoii !I3 HlrorH, Of iheso,
throe have sewers, twelve have iheni partly, thirty-
eight are without sewers, and forty aro unknown.
In I83!l, the deaths in Lords were one in twenty-
eight and a half. — Glasgow: Mr Simonds, (he

Coinniis.sioner, speaking of this city, says '• Until

I visiied the wynds of Glasgow, 1 did ni>t believe
that so large an amount of filth, crime, misery and
disease existed in ony civilized country. In the
lower lodging houses, ton, twelve, and sometimes
tiveuty persons of both sexes and all ages, sleep
promiscuously on the lloor, in diirereiit degrees of
nakcdncsji. These places are such as no person of
common humanity would stable his horse in. The
lower parts of several of those licmses are spirit
shops, pawn-shops, or eating-houses. The popu-
lalion of these wretched districts is probably 30,000 :
it certainly exceeds 20,000 persons, who are pass-
ing through the rapid career of prostitution, drunk-
enness, and disease. The number of persons who
died lust year was 10,270, or one to twentythree
and a half of the whole population ; and of that
number about 180 died of typhus, a disease which
never leaves Glasgow." It appears from another
statement, that, in 183.5, the number of persons at-
tacked by fever was C,180 ; in 183(), 10,092; and
in 18.37, 21,800.

Surely such an amount of human misery connot
but be contemplated with horror, and cannot fail of
arousing the tender sympathies of the huinnno and
benevolent, upon whom heaven showers its bless-
ings of wealth, to some effort to rescue their fel-
low creatures from such an abyss of physical and
moral debasement! — Mark Lane (Eng.) Express.

TAXATION IN ENGLAND.

la the course of a recent debate in Tarlianient,
upon the subject of a rejieal of the "Corn Laws,"
Mr Hume entered into a series of details to show
the extent to which the landed interest (the aris-
tocracy,) are favored in England He stated that
the landed interest were in tlie same position now,

as the French aristocracy before the revolution.

The whole of the taxes were paid by the people
at large, while all taxes weighing upon land had
successively been repealed. '1 he landed interest
was, therefore, not entitled to any -protection what-
ever, and even the 8s. a quarter, which Lord J.
Russell proposed to lay on foreign wheat, would
be an onerous and grievous tax.

Mr Scholefield moved a resolution to the effect,
that the distress of the- industrious classes, arising
from want of employment and tlie high price of
provisions, maUea it incumbent on Parliament to
devise means of alleviation.

Mr Williams seconded the motion, and dwelt
with earnestness on the rapid advance of manufac-
tures in Germany, owing to the advantage of cheap-
er provisions enjoyed by the laboring classes of
that country. In England, all the public burdens
were thrown on the lower and middle classes,
who, in the single article of corn, poid more to the
aristocracy than the aristocracy contributed to the
state.

Mr Iliodleysaid he had examined into the Afork-
iiig of different departments of taxation, and had
found them [iress with great severity on the poor.
Of every shilling which the poor man expended in
a grocer's shop, sixpence-halfpenny wont to the
state as a tax, wh'ile of every shilling expended by
the rich man, less than three pence were levied as
a duty. Mr H. concluded by moving an addition

to Mr Schidondd'ii motion, to tho effect that the
present system of taxation and the corn laws arc
peculiarly unjust to tho middle and lower claanos.

THISTLE HARVEST.
This uH/rjiVi»i;Ercrop is now vrry abundant. Thoie
who wish to diminish Ihe pest, should ply thn scythe

to them, and then put them into the muck -yard.

The Major snys, that where they conic up abun-
dantly among wheal, it Is an excellent plan to put
on a glove or a lenther mitten and pull them up.
The wheat will start forword and soon shade ihoso
which are broken off or come up afterwards, so
that they cannot come to maturity. The great sup-
ply of thistle seed comes from those that spring up
by the roadside und about walls and wood-piloa
and other neglected spots. Hero tho seeds ripen
and are soon abroad on the wings of tho wind, and
are thereby planted in tho fields ond cultivated
grounds ready to spring up during the next sea-
son, and annoy the farmer by their unwelcome
presence. — Maine Farmer.

BIG POTATO BUSINESS.

New England with a territory scarcely as large
as our county of Apling, produces, according to the
late census, 34,435,821 bushels of Irish potatoes
annually! Good gracious 1 where do they find
room in that little country to pile them on ? THIR-
TVFOUR MILLIONS ! only think I At 20 cents
a bushel, (they are worth here a dollar and a half,)
the potato crop of little New England amounts to
more than seven millions of dollars '. — probably
more than the entire cotton crop of Georgia for
the last year at 10 cents a pound I Besides this,
the same New Englandjjiakes, one year with anoth-
er, it sceius, 2,182,902 bushels of wheat, and 18,-
195,9:9 bushels of otheii-grains — which at 50 cents
a bushels, amounts lo upwards of ten millions of
dollars ! How many bushels of wooden nutmegs,
horn gun-flints, poplar hams, &c., these same enter-
prising chaps have made, the census does not in-
form us. — Macon (Geo ) Telegraph.

OJ^Tlio "county of Apling," mentioned in tiie
above, must be something of a piece of ground, we
infer, i/ it be as large as our whole New England
territory; but if book authority is to be depended
upon and " figures do not lie," tho irAo/e Slate of
Georgia covers but r)2,000 square miles — whereas
tho State of Maine alone contains more than half
of this number, and the whole of New England
territory exceeds that of Georgia by 4180 square
miles. This Georgia editor must have been some
time from school. — We are unwilling that our good
old New England should be "curtoiled" an inch
of her "foir proportions" — even upon paper; neith-
er would we do any injustice to Georgia or her
"county of Apling" in this respect — and we cer-
tainly mean none, when in regard to the magnitude
of the latter we express the opinion, that tho crop
oi' pumpkins now or formerly raised in the town of
" Old Rowley" in any one year, would cover a
" pretty considerHbie" portion of tho surface of
said county ! The Georgia gentleman's concep-
tion of New England's greatness must now, we
think, be just! And, aside from the Connecticut
" notions" we are proud of the stupendous results
of our industry and skill, which he has exhibited,
but our chiefest boast is, that our soil is the
nursery of great minds and good citizens : —

" Man is ihe nobler crowlh our realms supply.
And souls are ripened in our northern sky."

" P. D."

o»

N E W ENGLAND F A 11 M E R ,

AlCS. 4, 1841.

AMI HORTICULTURAL RKOISTKB.

Boeros, WrnsESDiv, AoonsT 4, 1841.

MUCK AND DRAINING OF WrlT LANDS.

As soon as llie l.iijin;; is "ver and the we.ds arc well
removed from lh« fields, llie fnrmer's altontion should
be i.irncd lo llie swomps nnd mud holca. VVh continue
to maintain ilmt lliu niost economiral way in wliich
farmers generally can improve their farms, is m go into
the wet m.adnws arid bring out pent, muck, mud and
the like, to llie greatest extent which their lime and the
water will allow. The onrly autumn is usually the dry
est season, and then the low grounds are firmer and in
belter condition lobe worked than at any olher part of
ihe year. Fear not to go into your muck holes in good
earnest. Take out n..t one year's supply only, o,' ma-
terials for manure, hut enough, if possible, to last seve-
ral years. E.^posure to the action <.f frosts and the at-
mosphere will renioro the acidity from what you dig up,
and will be rendering it more and mure conducive ['<
the ferlility o( your land-. An hundred cords of muck
piled up on your premises, will nnnu.tlly increase in
value (for two or three years,) mor(i than the amount of
interest on $500 —Get a supply .f muck in advance, so
as not to be obliged to use any that has been unimprov-
ed by age, for then you make manure heaps larger in
qucnliiy, and beltrr in quality, than if you use materials
that have but jusl been dug up from their wet beds

The various ways in which the muck can be used
have been oAen stated— it may go into the hog-yard-
the barn-yard— the compost heap, and wherever ma-
nure is made. Every where, if iis qvialiiy be good, it
will help to increase that which you want mosl— ma-
nure— manure.

In d.termining where you will obtain your muck,
look at your low lands, and ascertain whether you can-
not be usefully draining them, while you are at the
same time providing ihe article wanted. Very many of
our wet meadow lands, that now produce little or noth-
,„g,_many that bear the coarse water grasses whicl
the' entile aro very reluclant to cat, may, by proper
draining, and by cultivation, be rendered the most pro-
ductive lands on our faims. Neatly all of them will
then yield the cullimUd grasses most abundantly, and
many oflheni are as well suited lo corn, rye, beets, and
other common crops, as any lands in the couniry.

Where the spongy moss abounds, many springs are
sending up their waters near the shore, and good shore
ditches, going into the hard pan, should be cm. Gene-
rally, ditches near the shore are more clleclual in car-
ryingolfthB w.aters than others. Where the mud or
pealiad.ep, and where the sward is h.ose and fre«
from tough grass roots, all the upland crops can be rais-
ed with great readiness. It is by no means necessary
lo cover such lands with gravel ; though gravel, sand,
loam, clay, or any mixiiire of these, will increase the
ferlility lil ihe peat soils, nnd it is good husbandry to
cait from the uplands dressings for these black peaty
soils.

Where iho mud is not deep— where I he hassocks or
bogs are prone t.. grow, a coating of gravel, loam, or the
like, even i( it be not thick enough to cover the bogs or
t>..r.cUe!', will in a year or two, without any manure,

I deem it goorl economy to put on a thin coating of gravel j h lil storm, and the gnawings of the worm are added,

j say of one inch or a little more, sow in hay seed, let

; it work its way for a year or two, and then spread on a

little more gravel, sand, or loam. In this way, while

you are deepening ihe covering, you so top-dress n< lo

improve your crops from year to year. — Do nvl neglect

the low lands, it i$ those if any thut will give you a j/ro-

Jit in cultication

CROPS.

The abundance— or rather the suptr-abundaiice— of
wel, in the months of April and May, caused the grass
to set very thick, and gave it a good start in the early
part of the season. But in Juno many fi. Ids suffered
lioin drought. The high and warm lands, generally,
in this State, became quite dry about the 20th of June,
and on them the crop of hay has been light.

The accounts received lend us to the conclusion that
in the counties of Plymouth and Norfolk, the hay crop
is from an eighth to a sixth short of the average. But
in Worcester and Essex the crop is represented as be-
ing fully equal to the average of annual crops. For
while liie dry lands were )>inched, the moist lands were
nourishing an unusual growth. The wet or fresh mea-
dows furnish more hay the present season than they
have done in any one year fur some time past.

The salt marshes have given, of the early varieties of
grass upon them, a crop double the last year's growth.
Ttie later grasses promise well, and the recent rain will
prevent any injurious incrustations of salt upon them,
which it was feared might be formed if the weather con-
tinued dry. The hay crop in the ea.slein counties of
the State, taking into the account all the varieties of hay,
is believed to be as abundant as it has been in most pre-
ceding years.

Grain. But wbilo the grass has grown well, the
grains have failed. We have not seen a field of either
oats, bailey, rye or wheal, which promises to produce
grain enough to be worth tlireshing. We have not
heard ol any gi-od crop in the vicinity. The straw, eve-
ry where is small— rcry small. The causes may be
mostly hidden, but it is not dilfuult to point out some
circumstances that have been unfivorable. Where the
seed was sowed in Apiil, the grounds must have been
wet at the time of plowing and woiking: this would
render them heavy. Also, alter they were sowed, the
continued heavy rains so pounded them down ns to ren-
der the surface vorv hard. A crust on the surliice was
formed, which obtruded the action of the atmosphere
in the soil, and impeded the growth of the stalks. Jn
May, Ihe degree ol moisture was too great ; and in June
the grounds were baked. The consequence is, that very
little straw has grown, and on the feeble straw there is
very lillle grain. A few fields of winter rye may have
done tolerably well, but with this exeeplioo, the crop
of small grains, we are obli,jed lo report as exceedingly
llgln. — This failure is a serious loss to our farmers, for
i essentially diminishes the means of fattening beef nnd
pork. While it will >d>lige them to lessen the amount
of stock to bo wintered.

Barley Worm. The barley this season has been in-
fested by a worm which is found in the stalk. Fur
several years this enemy destroyed the barley in the
eastern part of the Sl.ite ; hut during the Inst few sea-
sons we have seen nothing of it until the present sum
iner. The habils nnd history of this worm we are una-
ble to deseribii. Unless there bo some way of cheeking

evils enough are named, to show why our hopes have
been dirappointed.

Indiitn Corn. Though the cold and wet of the spring
were unf.ivorable to this crop, the appearan'-es at pres-
ent ae good. In some dry spots the leaves were roll-
ing for a few days last week, but now that rain has
come, the leaves expand ag.iin, and we may hope that
this crop will piove fair, if not abundant.

Potatoes have probably sulTered much from the drought
and there can be no reasonable expectation of an ave-
rage crop.

CANKER-WORM TROUGHS.

A model of Mr Daniel Newhall's trough (see adver-
tisement,) for preventing the ascent of the grub, ha»
been left with us. As far as we can judge, it is likely
lo be quite as effectual as any means that we have
known tried for preventing destruction by the canker
worm. Some of the gentlemen who testify to ita effi-
cacy, are known to us, and their stntenients are to be
relied upon. — The oil in these troughs can hardly be
displaced by either winds or rains. If well put on, we
see not how the grubs can pass llieDi.

Ml

Mi

IVvi

giiie

lUaaaachusetla Hortlonltural Society.

KXHIBITIUH OF mUlTS.

Saturday, July 31.

From S.Jackson, Roxbury ; \\ hiie Dulch Currants-
large and handsome.

From J. Lovett, Beverly ; large Red Gooseberries and
Seedling' Red Currants.

From John Hovey , Early Harvest Apples, of fair
appearance.

From K. W. Macondry ; specimens of the Early
Scarlet Cherry Plum.

From Messrs Winship; good specimens of the Belle
magnilique and Plumstone Morello Cherries.

I'loiii Hovey & Co. ; Franconia Kaspbcrriei.

From Otis Johnson ; large and buauliful clusters of
Bhick Hamburg and Zenfondal Grapes.

From A. U. Williams; vtry fine Red and White
Uuicli Currants.

From J. F. .Mien; very fineforcid Peaches.

Fine Tomatoes from J. L. L. F. Warren and S. Sweet-
ser. For the Committee,

P. B. HOVEY, Jr.

brinir in the upland grasses and will fiitnish an abun- its ravages, the custom of growing tins grain must b

dant ero|i of very good hay Such land

10 be thoroughly coveru<l and well manured, but this i:

an expensive pn

haa80<:ky that it cannot well be plowe.l and tilled ; we

liny do better
, but this is
I lough and

abandoned. Anollier dilTiculty — a rust upori the Ic
— beset our barley this ) ear, very early in the season ;
this by itsulf would have been aulTicicnt to ulinost ruin
iho growth of the crop And when ihe peltiiigs of the

THE CROPS IN ENGLAND.

We find the following in the Mark-Lane Express of
July 19:

" The direct loss lo the farmer, and the consequent
injury to every class of the comuiunity, resulting Irom
a deficient harvest, are of such mngnilude as to render
ihe state of the weather at this fea.son of the year the
subject of universal observation nnd comment. The
change which took place after the protracted period of
dry weather experienced in June came most opportune-
ly, and has been productive of incalculable benefit. The
grain crops upon all the high and light lands have been
saved by it, and in every siluulion the crops of both
corn and hay, and espicinlly that invaluable esculent,
tho potato, have improved in an exlraordimry de^'ree.

The continuation of heavy rains during the past week
had begun to excite a ilegree of alarm lest Ihe wheat
crop, now in its most critical slate, should sutler; hap-
pily, howi ver, a favorable change seems to have taken
place, and we most sincerely hope it may continue. —
Should the remainder of tliu season be genial, theru is
no reason to duLibt, from the breadth of wheat sown, an
average supply, even should the ucreablo rale not reach
an average. "

Sumo entertain a notion that it is prejudicial to stir
the soil among corn in dry weather, and tliat weeds pro-
vent ihe evaporation of moisture by a hul sun^but the
reverse is the fact. Tho exhnuslion of moisture by a
plant, is in tho ratio of the surface of its leaves and
stalks prejciwed to the sun nnd air — Farmer's Cabinet.

VOL. \x. xo. n.

AND liOkTWU: LTl' 11 A L 11 E (J IS TKR

39

TIIKU.MD.MinilllAl,.
KxiioclrJ iKi lh> New tiicl.iiKl hniniri.
Rh ><*alihr riirniitinirlrral tlie <i.iri!r)i<>f i)h
iflhr Nrw KnxlaM.I Farnwr. HriKbmn. M»m.
Vorihri-ly ea|KMur«, wtrk >>n<lin|i Aiiginl 1.

Xrwhairi I

TIIKrVNKKIl UOIIII.
iiTciitlan for Dratroyiiig tli
Wnriii.

Ki'.VOI.V I.Xi IIOHMC UAKK

(ankc

Auguo, 184 1

1

6.A.M.

Momlij,

96 1

n

IVfsJjv,

'i7 1

S3

Vfdi.-sJay,

•.Ml

64

"hr.-d.v,

a» 1

*T

r"ri.l IV,

30 1

64

ill ir.Uy,

6>M,1.>y.

31

60

I6.A.M. I 12, M. I 7,P.M. | Wini*.

W.

w.

E.
S. E.

Tlio miliirrilirr Imtiiii; rnnili' iiiiprovi'iiiriilfi in llic Iroiiuli

ami riHir. lur ili'vttiiyiiii; iliis ilcpii'iliiinr <>n our fiuil, niul
, olhrr Irccs, (In- ilcMiiiiii; llip«n iinprnveiiiiMH^ i i |i<irlnnl) lin»
I nlitoincd • I'uUmii. The jU'culinr )iniprrlir» dl Ihil rnni, iiri>.

thnt iu niiloa projrcl dnwiiwnrilii cllrlll^ill^ Ilic Iruugli ; lliim
I prolprliiig llicnil rnmi Ihc wiiiil and rnin ; iiiiil hi'liis: <l|fii'on-

iifclrd uiih ihe Iroiigh ii placed at a (iiituMo diAlnnrc

frnm il.
The fnciliiy Willi which ilie cniidiiinn nt the troiiifh may
1 he cininiiu-il liv niriiiis ol (hrse iwn nioveuMe sidvN, 1 cnn-
I aider nn iin|inrlniil recninmendnMnn.

] The imprnrfinnit in thi- lrmit;h in ihe in«erIion of n liihe
I in il« side, pineed m nunliliquc posilinn, ibe hiwer end liear-
I ini; iMi Iho hoilnm of Ihe Irnunh. and having the dlher end

elevulcd nearly to il« top. Water eniin[>h i» put into the
■ trough tu cover the lower end of ihc luhe, nil ia then put in,

wi " h hein? lighter will cover the top of the waier ; water
j heiiig so scihlile an element, is lialile lo pemtrate thrmii;h
I Ihe lop of the roof and find its way into the irmnth, if so it
; would sink helow iiie oil anil pass out tlipiu^-li (he tiihc

wilhoul overllowini:, leaving the oil in ihe Iroujh. I he-
failed lo keep all ihe water out,

tUK.lirO.N MARKKT. — MoM.AT, Aujust 2, IK4I .
Keporteil forllie New Knclnnil F«rniet.

At Market 200 lloel Cattle, 'i5 Cows and Calvea,
000 Sheep and 25 Swine.

l'Hicr.9.— />'««/■ ('n/f/«.— A amall advance was elTect-
d on the best Cattle. Wo quote Find quality, $6 00 a | |,ove all roofs hitherto h

25. Second quality, $5 00 a 5 50. Tliird quality, I henee the utility ol a luhe. Although it is believed those
^A nn A T iinprovemenis will he rccmninendcd by their own merits, I

i4 00 a 4 7o. suhjain a certificate from those who have used them.

Coies and Caltei. — Sales were noticed at $19, $22, ! N. H. Those who wish this remedy applied to their trees,

;20, $30 .ind $:t7.

Sherp.— Lo\i were sold al $J 23, §1 33, $1 62, $1 88,
a 12, $2 37, $2 75 and $3 00.

.">wine. — Vcrv lew at market and few sales.

I are requested to direct a line to the subseriher. post paid
A model may be seen at the office ol the !V K. K.Trmer.

Lynn, Vlh Mo., imi. DANIKL NKVVHALL.

We the undersigned, have the preceding season used
Newhall's Improvement lor destroying ine Canker Woriii.
Last year the foliage on many of our trees was entirely de-
stroyed, looking as though a fire had passed Ihrough tliem.
The use ol Aewball's Improvement the preceding season
of their ascent, has destroyed nearly all the worms ; on some
trees none could be found, and they are now in a Hourishing
condition, covered with foliage, and many of them lonilcd
with fruit.

We believe this improvement is an efTeclnal retncdv
against this depredator, and ihat if proper attention be paid

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected iriih great rare, leecklij.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, very little in market. Red Top,
■w seed by the bag So to 35 c. Clover— Northern, 13c.
Southern, S to 3 c. Flax Seed, 81, 37 to 1 60 bu. £,u-

trne. 25 c. per lb. _ ^ _ _ _

KLOUll. Howard Slteel 86 00— Genesee 86 60— Ohio j diiring the ascent of the Grub it will e.xtormiimle the Cai'iker

worm from the tree.

GRAl.V. Corn— Northern Yellow none —Round Vel-
«r 6s — Southern Klat Yellow 06 — White 64.— Rye—
irthern 6iJ to 65 — Southern 60 lo5j. Oats — Southern 44
46— Northern 46 to 60.

PKOVISIO.NS Ueel— Mess 810 6(1 to II 00— Prime
oD— .No. I 89 no. Pork— Eitra— 15 00— Clear 14 50—
«ss 813 00. Hams — Northern 9 c. per lb — Southern,
ne. Lard— Boston 9 c per lb. — Soutnern, 8 Ui 8 1-2.
tier— Lump 18 to22— Firkin 12 lo 18--Shipping S lo 14.
HAY. per ton. 8lS to 20- Eastero Screwed 813 to 14.
::heese— Old ll c— News.
EGGS. 14 a 16.

«VOOL— The market for this article has not experienced
• change of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and there
lula limitei supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces the
[.•k is also moderate. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,
6U to 55 c.--Aincricaii full Mood, washed, 47 to 50— Do
blmiil, washed, 44 to 46— Do. 1-2 blond, washed, 36 to
-1-4 aad common do, 35 to 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,
to ii — Do. unwashed, 10 lo 14 — llengasi Hheep, 8 lo 10 —
nos Ayres unpicked, " to 10 — Sn|ierfine Norinern pulled
xb 43 to 46 — .No. 1 do. do. 37 lo 42- No 2 do do 26 lo 30
«lo 3do do 1$ to 20.

BIOTICE TO IlORTIClIiTVRISTS.
Whale Oil .Soap.

'he subscriber has constantly on hand, and in quantities
uit purchasers, this useful arliclc which has lately proved
If so destructive to the great variety of insects which in-
t the Garden. Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKI.NS, lu9 State street.
Koslon Aug. 4th. 1841. Im

George Johnson,
Samuel Curtis,
Paul Ncwhall,
Otis Johnson,
Isaac Bassett,
Theophilus Breed,
L'jnn, Till, Mo., i;4L

r.loses Breed,
John Pratt,
M. C. Pratt,
Esles Ncwhall.
James Breed, Jr..
Stephen N. Breed.

cow4t Aug 4.

BURlfPEgMitML.

The Revolving Horse Rake has been in general use in
most pans ol Pennsylvania and New J.-rseVjaiid is found lo
be one of the most useful labor saving machines now in use.
One man aii.l horse, with a boy to lead, will rake on an av-
erage from 25 lo 30 acres per day Willi ease and do jhe "ork
well There is a great advantage lu this rake overall others,
as the person using it does uol have to M'.p the horse lo un-
load the rake. . , . i

Fi^a,.. at Nos. 6. 6. 52 North Marl^t J,tree.^,^ ^^

GRAIN CRADLE:S.

>prin2

c >partke:kship.n-otice>.

'he Copartnership heretofore exisfthg under the firm of
TTLE, DENNETT it CHIsHOLM is ihi.s day, by
ual consent, dissolved. .^11 persons indebted lo said

are requested lo make immediate payment, and those
ing demands, to present thom lor setllemcot lo Hugh H.
rxLE, who i> authorized lo selile ih,' same

HUGH H. TITTLE,
CHARLES B DENNETT,
JOHN B. CHIsHOLU.
oston, July 15th, 1841.

jTTLE &. Den.sett will continue the PRINTING
SI NESS, in all its various branches, al the old stand,

17 School slreel, wh^re they will be pleased to execute

orders from ihcir former friends, and respectfully so-

a share of the patronage of the public.

FOR SALE

'wo pair of Pigs, Berkshire and China.
SCK & CO.

JOSEPH
June 30.

EDMUND THASTINCS.& CO.

No. 101 Si;iie St. keep conMantly for sale, Winle
and Kail Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which 'they
warrant to be of the best quality and to burn without
crustirg.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1841, isly

The Gruin Ijradl" is an article which is coming into very
"eneral use in the New England States, where they were
Till of late but little known, alihniigh they have been in very
general use in the Southern and Western Slates for many
years, and which is b.und lo be decidedly the best nioieol
harvesting grain, as il is suppnseil one man will cradle five
acies in a day, wli.ii lie cannot reap more than one. 1 he
difference in gathering a crop is so much in favnrol cradlcing,
ihat we must suppos4 that it will be the only mode adopted
hereafter, and the grain cra.lle will become of as much use.
as an implement ol husbaiidrv, as the plow now is.

There has been a very great improvement in ilie manufac-
turing ol this article, ihev are now made on the most im-
proved plan ; V e scvtlie is well secured and finished lu a
superior manner and made of the besl cast steel.

For sale at tr.e N. E. Agricultural Wareliouse a;»i Seed
Store Nos 51 and 52 North Market street. JOSEPH
BREOK & CO. •>""« 30

LAOrO.IIETKRS.

Good CuUivalnrs lor
ral Warehouse, Nos. 5i
13,60.

!■ at the New England Agricullu-
52 North Market Slreel, Price
JOS. BRECK & CO.

DURHAM OU\« FOR 8AL,K.

■\ young full blooded Durham Cow and her calf— a very
desiruble animal in every particular. Apply to EDWARD
riTCOMb, Ja., ,Newburypori. May B

Jusi f..M>.-»i Ui Ihe New England Agricultural i\si,-
house. No jl and 62, North Market »t., a few sets of L:i(.
lometers. for tesline the quality ol milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

ORINDSTONKS.

.An exiensire assorimeni of Water .in,! Hani Grindstones
consianilyon band nnd for sale by A M.MI C. LOMBAMi
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. i.^ly. Nov. IJ.

40

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

AIG. 4, lg4I.

M I S C E I L A N E O.U S

THE POWER OF ffHE DEAD.

DY MISS M. A. 'BBOWqE.

Say not their power is o'er!
Although iheir lips be mute, ibeir limbs be still,

With might unknown befure,
'1 hose silent lorms the living heart may ihril!.

Who stands beside the bed
Where rests the icy corpse within its shroud,

Nor feels ■ speechless dread,
With which his soul ne'er to the living bowed ?

The lowliest son of earth,
The veriest babe that death has stricken down,

Hath to a realm gone forth,
To those who gaze upon them, all unknown.

An awful mystery— sealed
From the sad eyes that weep beside their bier,

To them hath hern revealed.
To their unprisoned souls made plain and clear.

They are the constant sign
Of God's great truth— the dead, bolh great and small,

Confirm this word divine.
That " all have sinned, and death hath passed on all.'

They are the seed from whence
The harvest of the Lord shall fill the earth,

When his omnipotence
Shall call his myriads from her bosom forth.

Say not their power is o'er.
Even when mingling in their native dust,

For them our spirits pour
An offering forth of holy hope and trust.

Where is the place of graves
We deem not hallowed ? There is sanctity

In every wind that waves
Its grasses tall, or thrills its'willow tree.

Where'er some lonely mound
Tells of the spot where mortal relics rest.

At once that spot of ground
Our hearts with unseen holiness invest.

Say not they have no power !
Perhaps they were our enemies in life.

But now hath come an hour
When cndeth all the tumult and the strife.

Another, mightier hand,
Hath " stilled the opposer," anger now m.iy cease.

Who can the tiuth withstand,
That, " with the dead, our hearts should lie at peace ?''

The early loved and lost !
Their memories move us as nought else may move.

When, wildly lempesltnst,
These to the soul as guiding stats may prove.

And many n gentle word
or precious council, all too long despised.

By memory may be stirred,
{<ow tube thought upon, and weighed, and prized.

And when the wayward heart
Doubts how it shall some dark temptation shun,

They mny decide its part,
" So will we do, for so would they have done !"

Say not " ihoy are no more,"
Those who the heart with tcnderest thoughts can fill ;

Say not tlieir jiower is o'pr,
While thus its traces are around us still.

HORSE TRADING. bar till she got it small ertougii I Tlie |iationce of
It is Bometimes amusing to hear a couple of the aged female encouraged him to another attempt,
iockies trading in horse flesh. They arc generally and he succeeded in obtaining the rank of one of
... the first three in the empire. — Exchange paper.

the " hit or miss" porlicm of community, and rely
more upon chances than any other class of busi-
ness men. An instance of this kind in which one
of onr neighbors was concerned, " came off" the
other day, and e.xemplif)es the gravity with which
the smker swallows a costly joke.

" How will you trade ?" was the interrogatory of
the stranger.

"Unsight, unseen," replied neighbor B.
"Agreed," said the stranger, "provided you an-
swer my questions and pay five dollars for every
falsehood you tell me."
" Done," said Mr B.
" Is he sound in his limbs ?"
" Yes."

"Is he sound in wind ?"
" Yes."

"Has he good eye* ?"
" Yes."

"Then how will you trade ?"
"Give me seventyfive dollars."
" I '11 give you fifty."
" Done."

The money was counted down, and neighbcM" B.,
putting .$1.5 in his pocket, handed back $5 to the
stranger.

''\Vhat is this for.'"
" Why I told you one falsehood."
" What was it?"
" iMy horse is wind-broken !"
It is needless to add any thing more by way f»f
comment. "The thing was out.". — Harrisburg
Reporter.

[There is little in the above "business transac-
tion" that serves to "point a moral," and we can
see nothing in the criminal shrewdness therein ex-
hibited, that is calculated to "adorn a tale." —
It may be a maxim with horse-jockeys as it is willi
a certain class of politicians, that "all is fair" in
their system of dealing, and that "the end sancti-
fies the mentis" — btit such a disregard for truth,
and this for such an object, as was evinced by the
gainer in the above bargain, must meet with the
discountenance of every one who regards virtue
above money. That morals and trade have no
connection, — that truth and honor, as principles of; I'l;'"!;!' very m
, , u 1 1 ■ 'he prico of

action HI other matters, may bo rendered passive

in man's dealings with his fellow-man, if a pecuni-
ary advantage can be gained by it, are two perni-
cious errors, against the influence of which the
young particularly need to be guarded. — The man,
who, as in the above case, will tell a gross false-
hood to gain a few dollars, and in addition to that,
deceive and swindle his fellow, cannot be a very
valuable member of any community whore morality
is respected, though he would doubtless prove a
brilliant ornament in a community of "kindred
.■ipirils," like that one, which, if report speaks truth,
exists in a certain young Republic not far out of
the latitude of Texas " P. D."]

[This instance of perseverance — as commenda-
ble as it is extraordinary — may be as true as that
the Celestial Empire is older by some five thousand
years than the rest of the world 1 — but we should
like lo be informed, (if it be a legitimate matter of
inquiry,) how old this "aged female" was when she
commenced rubbing down the crowbar — and of
what age she was when the needle was completed ?
' P. D."]

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
2U0 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.
No. 52 North Market St. April 21

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been iriade the past year in Ih-
form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould bf ar
has been so formed as to /m/ the furrnie completefy orri
turning in cvcnj particle of ^rass or stubble, and leaving fb
ground in the best possible manner. The length nt tb
mould board has been very much increased, so that th
Plough works with the greatest ease, both wiih respect |i
the holding and the learn. The Committee at the late trii
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Plcugl| k
we shnuiil prefer Icr use on a farm, we might perhaps say '
the inquirer, if your land is innstly light and easy lo wot^l
try Prouty & Mears, liut if your land is heavy, hard orroeli-

BEGIN WITH Mr. HoWAHD's.''

At ihe above mer.f.oned irial the Howard Plough (/
jnore Kork. with the same power of team, than any o//i
plough exhibited. Nu other turned more than Iwentysci
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while 1 1«
Hoicard Plough turned ticentynine and one half inches,
the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Howard'
Ploughs are much the strongest and most subsiantiaU
made.

There has been quite on improvement made on the shi
or land siile of this Plough, which can be renewed withiw
bluing lo furnish a new Inndside; ibis shoe likewise seen
ihc nioulil board and Inndside together, and strengthens ll
ich.
price ol the Ploughs is from S6 toSl5. A PI0113
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost aim
Slo 60, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, »2
exira.

The above Ploughs are for snlej wholesale and retail,
the New England Agricullurol Warehouse and Seed Stm
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street. 1 v

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

Pehskvkrance. — Tho Chinese tell of one uf
their countrymen who had been making strenuous
cflort^f to aciiuire literary notoriety, who, discour-
aged by difliculties, nl length gave up in despair.
As he returned to manual employment, he saw a
woman riibhiiig a crowbar on a stone ; on asking
hor till." reason, she replied, she was in Avant of a
needle, and thought she wotild rub down the crow-

FENCK CHAINS.

Just received from Fngland, 10,000 feet Chains, suitall
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK
CO., No. 62 North Market si. April 311

NEW ENGLAND P-A R M E R .

A WEKKLY I'APEB.

The Editorial department of this paper having c
inio tlio hands of tho subsnibir, he is now authoria
by ihii publi-jhors lo inform lln' public that the price
llie paper 1:1 reduced. In future the Iprms will bo,
per year in adrance, at *2 50 if not paid wilbin ihii
Jiays. Al.LEN PUTNAM

N. B. — Po9lmn»tor« ant required by law lo frank
subscriptions and renilltancvs for newepapern, witbe
rxpenso to subscribers.

TDTTLE AND DEN.NETT, PRINTERS.

AND H O II T I C U I. T U II A L R E fi I S T K R .

PUUHSHED BY JOSK.PH bRECK & CO., NO. 62 NOliTH M.VRKET STllEET, (AonicULTunAL Waiiehou«i.)-ALI,EN I'UTNAiM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST II, 1841.

[NO. ••

N. E. FARMER.

Prom Buel's Farmer's Companion.

DRAINING.

Wet soils proceed from two causes, viz: first,
from the rain and snow waters which fall upon the
surface, whicli are arrested in their downward
course, by an impervious stratum of earth or rock,
and, if the surfaci' is level, or nearly so, repose
and stagnate there, rendering the soil compact,
wet, and cold, and infertile. And, secondly, from
waters which, having passed through porous strata,
are arrested by an impervious stratum lower down,
and, operated upon by a constant pressure, find
their outlet upon the outcroppings of the impervi-
ous stratum, or are forced up again in the form of
spouts and springs, — and which impart to the soil
which they saturate, an e.xcess of moisture and a
cold temperature, wholly unsuited to the growth
of farm crops.

The first object in seeking to rid lands of sur-
plus water, is to determine from which of the above
caoses the evil arises; — and hiving ascertained
the cause — having located the fountain of waters —
the next consideration is, how to get rid of, or
drain it, with the least expense, and with most
benefit to the land.

A stiff soil, as one of clay lying upon a slope, or
being upon a level, and having a porous subsoil,
may be sufiiciently freed from water by throwing
the land into ridges, terminating in the lower lev-
el. These ridges may be narrow or wide, accord-
ing to the tenacity of the soil, and the slope of the
surface. This is one kind of surface-draining.

In hollows and other depressions of surface,
■where waters accumulate suddenly, from thawing
of snow or heavy rains, open drains should in all
cases be made; and these should be of cap.ncity to
receive all the waters which may come into them,
and of sufficient slope at the sides to render their
banks secure and permanent. These are also to
serve as outlets to the under-drains. Surface-
drains of this kind are often wholly insufficient, by
reason of their not being deep or broad enough, or
they become contracted from a want of care in
scouring and keeping them in order. Parsimony
in draining is seldom economy in farming.

When wetness is caused by spouts or springs,
rising froBi below, the object is to prevent the wa-
ter rising to or saturating the soil, and spreading
through the grounds lying below ; and the mode of
effecting this is to cut a drain at the point, or a
little above it, where the water from these spouts

or springs seems first to affect the surface soil

Where the soil is very porous, the presence of wa-
ter may not be indicated upon the surface. In
this case, holes should be made down to the sub-
soil, at different levels, to ascertain where the foun-
tain is. The drain should be so far sunk into the
subsoil, as to make a complete channel in it for the
water which it is expected to convey. Under,
drains arc decidedly preferable for this kind of im-
provement,— because.

1. 'I'htij arc most efficient. Tlicy can bo made
to reach, by digging and boring, the depot of wa-
ter, or water stratum, and thus to carry off the wa-
ter before it approaches the surface, or pasture of
plants. Open drains do this but seldom, or imper-
fectly, because they are not often carried deep
enough, and aro coMlinuully liable to obstructions
which impair their efficiency.

2. They are most durabtt. .An undor-drain, laid
in the most approved mode, with st<mo or tile, will
last an ago, and perhaps a ceiilury. Open drains
are but temporary in their beneficial effects, with-
out periodical repairs.

3. They are must economical. A good under-
drain costs no inure than a good open drain, de-
signed for a like purpose, and which probably does
nut effect so much, as the fuimer can be carried
down with nearly perpendicular sides, while the
latter must be dug with sloping banks, and must
embrace a width of surface corresponding with its
depth — the deeper the drain, the broader it must
bo at the top. The cost of the stone or tile is in
a manner counterbalanced by the difference in ex-
cavation. And, when completed, the under-drain
will seldom require repairs, while the open one
will be a constant drain up(m the labor of the
farm, requiring bridges and frequent scourings and
cleanings. If under-drains cost something the
most, they are certainly cheapest in the end, if they
are well constructed ; and they waste no land.

The only other kind of drains we shall mention,'
are what are termed furrow-drain.s. They are of
recent introduction, even in Europe, and particular-
ly distinguish Scotch husbandry. They are em-
ployed upon lands which are nearly level, where
there is a tenacious subsoil, to free them from an
excess of water at all seasons when the ground is
not frozen. The field intended to be furrow-drain-
ed, is laid into ridges, of from sixteen to thirty
feet broad, according to the texture of the soil, in
the direction of the slope, or with such descent as
to carry offthe water, and under-drains aro laid in
every central furrow, so deep, that when covered,
the materials of the drain sshall not be disturbed by
the plough. A cross drain is laid on the upper
margin of the field, to catch the water coming
from above, and another at the lower side, which
should he six inches deeper than the furrow-drains,
to receive and convey off the water from them. —
The effect of these drains is to enable the cultiva-
tor to work the land easier, better, and at his lei-
sure, and greatly to increase its product. The la-
bor and expense of this kind of drains seem great,
to those who have not made tlieni, and their econo-
my may seem doubtful ; but we are persuaded that,
after a little experience, the benefit will be found
to outweigh the expense.

Wherever coarse 8(iuatic grasses are found
growing, however dry the surface may appear, the
farmer may depend that under-draining will be an
improvement, and if he will sink a pit eighteen
inches deep, in such places, he will in a few hours
find water at the bottom.

We draw no comparison, nor do wo need any,
to show the difference in products and profita be-

tween a field 'habitually woi, nnd iho trouble and
expense of managing it, and the Hame field after
it has undergone a thorough draining and amelio-
ration. In the first caso it produces vo-y little, and
seldom pays the expense of cultivation. In the
latter, it is often the most productive field on the
farm. Every farmer, we presume, has noticed the
vast disparity. If there is one to whom it is not
familiar, let him make the trial, and he will be as-
tonished at the result, and at his own want of fore-
thought ill not having made it before.

IsipnovEJiE.NT Of Grass La.nds.
Although the alternation of grass and grain
crops, in connexion with the rearing of cattle, is
deemed most profitable, on soils and in situations
which will admit of this kind of husbandry, yet
there are many situalions in which this alternate
change cannot be carried into effect without mani-
fest prejudice to the interests of the cultivator

There are some soils so natural to grass, as to
yield an undiminished product for many years, al-
most without labor or expense. There are others,
upon the banks of streams, which periodically over-
flow, which it is prudent to keep in grass, lest the
soil should be worn away by the rapid flow of wa-
ters. Besides, fertility is kept up upon these last,
by the annual deposit of enriching moterials. Oth-
ers, again, are too prccipitou.i, or too strong, to ad-
mit of arable culture. Nor should we conceal the
fact, that it is still a controverted point, whether
rich, stiff clays are not most profitable when per-
manently appropriated to grass. Whatever causes
prevail, the fact is indisputable, that a considera-
ble portion of our lands is, and will continue to re-
main, in meadow and pasture. It is with the view
to aid the farmer in correcting the defects which
may exist in such grounds, and in improving and
keeping them in condition, that we offer the fol-
lowing suggestions. - And, first,

Of Pastures. The evils that are experienced
in pasture grounds are, the gradual disappearance
of the best grasses ; the growth of mosses and
weeds in their stead ; and the prevalence of coarse
herbage, which cattle reject, in situations where
there exists a superabundance of moisture. Wher-
ever there are stannaiit waters, as upon Hat sur-
faces that abound in springs, or which have a su-
perficial soil upon a tenacious subsoil, the herbage
is not only mainly rejected by the stock, but the
pasture is unhealthy, particularly to sheep; but it
is remarked, that if the water is in continued mo-
tion, as is generally thi,' caso upon the declivities
of hills and mountains, ill consequences do not so
often result.

To remedy the evils we have enumerated, and
to improve the value of pasture grounds, one or
more of the following expedients may be resorted
to, viz : sowing and harrowing in grass seeds, sca-
rifying, bushing, draining, manuring, top-dressing
with marl, lime crashes.

Grass seed may be sown either in September or
April, followed by the harrow, and if practicablr,
by the roller. The harrow partially extirpates the
' mosses, breaks and pulverizes the surface, and bur-

42

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

Al'G. II. i-«r • k»f

ries the seeds ; and the roller presses tlie earth to
the seeds, and smooths the surface. The bush
harrow is to be preferred. This may be construct-
ed by iiitorweavinsr some strong, but pliant brandi-
es of trees through the open squares of a heavy
harrow, which thus forms an efficient brush, and
when drawn over the ground performs its duty per-
fectly during a short distance ; but the branches,
being pressed close, and worn by the motion, soon
become so flat as not to have the effect of spread-
ing the earth thrown upon tlie surface by earth-
worms, ground-mice, or ants. It is therefore re-
commended, in ' British Husbandry,' aa a better
mode, to fi.\ the branches upright in a frame, placed
in the front part of the carriage of the roller; by
which means they can be so placed as to sweep the
ground effei-tunlly, and when worn, can be moved
a little lower down, so as to continue the work with
regularity. This operation also completely breaks
and scatters the manure dropped on the held by the
stock, and particularly incorporates it with the sur-
face-mould.

Draining improves the quality of the lierbage,
and marling, liming, or ashing increases the quan-
tity. It is remarked, that animal dung, when drop-
ped on coarse pastures, produces little or no bene-
fit ; but when calcareous matters have been laid
upon the surface, the finer grasses soon take pos-
session of it.

Bushing, that is, drawing over the ground tops
or heavy branches of trees, tends to extirpate moss,
loosens the surface to atmospheric influence, and
covers grass-seeds which may be sown previous to
the operation.

Manures are seldom applied to pastures, espe-
cially with us ; but, applied in the form of compost.
as a top-dressing, tliny are decidedly serviceable.
Gypsum and spent ashes may he applied with un-
doubted benefit in most cases. Upland pastures
have been greatly improved in Scotland, according
to Sinclair, by drawing surface-drains diagonally
across the face of the hills. The herbage is ren-
dered more palatable and wholesome, and the waters
are prevented from accumulating so as to cut gul-
lies and chasms in the hill-sides.

It need hardly be added, th;it bushes, thi.stles,
and other perennial weeds obstruct the growth of
grass, and that they ought to be carefiiUy extir-
pated ; and that surface stones diminish the herb-
age in proportion to the extent of surface whicti
they occupy. These, then, should be converted
into walls, one of the most economical fences, if
well laid, because the most permanent, that can be
constructed. The weeds that infest pasture
grounds are mostly biennials or perennials. If
these are cut two or three times in a season, at the
surface of the ground, they will die. Leaves are
as essential to vegetable, as lungs are to animal
life. Divested of these elaboratmg organs, the vi-
tality of the vegetable is soon destroyil.

Our pasture grounds are generally left to take
care of themselves: but there is no doubt that ex-
pense bestowed upon their improvciiiont, in some
of the modes above suggested, would be profitably
Jaid out. Their value depends upon the quality
and (luanlity of the herbage which they atTord.
The quality is in a great inensure deteriniucil by
the exemption of the soil from stagnant waters,
the quantity by the richness of the scul, and its ex-
emption from moss, bushes, weeds, stones, and other
surface obstructions ; for if these are eradicated or
removed, it is presumed the nutritious grasses will
occupy their places. — ibid.

From the Nc

GenesGC Farmer.

FAR.MERS' DAUGHTERS AND HOMKS.
BV A^^^ETT^:.

Messrs Editors : — In remarking on the causes of
unhappiness and discontentment among educated
fanners' daughters, and the reasons which lead so
many of them to forsake their liomes and seek a
residence in the city, I before attempted to show
that a iiTong in/stem of education is one cf the nmst
frnilful causes of these evils. My object at this
time is to show that mis-education is by no means
the only cause ; and to inquire whether our fathers
and our home's are not often as much to blame in
the matter as our teachers and seminaries.

Many of the most respectable farmers in this
country never enjoyed the advantages of early
education, and have had no opportunity for ac-
ipiiring a knowledge of, or taste for, the more re-
fined comlbrts of life ; especially those intellectual
enjoyments so indispensable to the happiness of a
well cultivated mind. They were brought up
among the pioneers of this land, and their educa-
tion consisted of the toils and (irivations incident
to an early settlement in a new country. Hut nom
they find themselves in very different circumstances
— in possession of a handsome competency, and
surrounded by an enterprising and intelligent com-
munity. Public sentiment and the spirit of the
age now require that the rising generation should
receive a higher degree of education than was
formerly deemed necessary ; and therefiire, in or-
der that their children may appear respectable in
the world, and be qualified to fill their places in
society with credit and advantage, they are sent to
the best schools in the land, and much care and ex-
pense bestowed on their education.

Let us now suppose, as is often the case, that
the daugliter of such parents spends two or three
years in a good boarding-school, where her mind
becomes well stored with valuable learning ; her
manners and taste become refined and cultivated,
and she is every M-ay fitted to adorn society and
bless her family and friends. But let her leave
school and return to her home, and unless it is dif-
ferent from the majority of farmers' houses in this
countrv, it is not surprising that she soon becomes
unlnppy and discontented, or at least, that she
should wish to change her .situation for one more
congenial to her taste and feelings. The reason
of this is obvious when wo observe how few farm-
ers take any pains to make horn* ntlraclire — it is not
loved because there is nothing about it to make it
lovely. The educated and intellectual daughter
finds nothing within or around it calculated to
please the mind or delight the eye — nothing to
gratify her taste, or call into exercise those facul-
ties which she has long been cultivating, and which
afford her the highest kind of enjoyment. No
good selection of bonks and pcriodiculs to furnish
food for her active mind during leisure hours ; no
tasteful garden, with flowers, and shrubs, and winil-
ini' path.i, where she can liixuiiato on Nature's
charms; no fragrant rose or climbing honeysuckle
asks her training rare, and no shady bower or vine-
clad arbor invites her to

" Converse wiili Nature, anJ commune
With Nature's God."

And what is worse than all, she seldom finds a con-
genial spirit with whom to share her pleasusos or
her griefs. Oil the contrary, even those to whom
she has a riirhl to hi^k (or kindness and sympathy,
not unfrcquciilly treat her with indifference, or ridi-

cule Avhat they consider her excessive refinemenL-
Under these circumstances it is impossible for her
to be happy or contented ; and were it not for the
pleasure that she derives from making herself use.
ful, and the natural affection that she feels for her
"kindred according to the flesh," liome would be
to her a prison-house from which she would em-
brace the first opportunity to escape. Vet the in-
considerate father wonders that his daughter grows
tired of home and seeks enjoyment in a city life!
Teachers and seminaries are made to bear the
blame, and thousands grow up in ignorance who
would otherwise enjoy the blessings of education.
Let no one suppose that this is merely an imagi-
nary picture, for such cases are far too numerous.
It is a ruinous error to suppose that a liberal edu-
cation creates a distaste for rural life; on the con-
trary, it is calculated to make that life doubly plea-
sant, provided it i.s accompanied with those charms
which the refined mind always associates with its
ideas of a residence in the country. Let farmers
who desire their children to follow their profession
and love their homes, consider this subject, and
see that their homes are rendered lovely. Then,
and not till then, will the profession of agriculture
be speedily elevated to that rank and respectabili.
ty which it so eminently deserves.

ANNETTE.

k«

BRITISH FARMING.

Tollic Editor of the Farmer's Monthly Visitor:

Jf'est Tishunj, Mass., July, 1841.

Dear Sip. — I t'link that the superiority to be
observed in British and Flemish agriculture over
ours, is to be attributed to the nice adaptation of
crops — the perfect system that prevails in every
department — the free outlay for manures to invigo-
rate the soil — the patience that never tires in the
completion of a task once undertaken, and the in-
dustry that in no kind of weather, at no season of
the year, fails to remember and perform its tH9k3
and duties. An English, and in a still greater de-
gree, a Flemish husbandman, minds rain just as
luucli as a Jack tar does: in weather when an
American fanner would know it ruined only by
its patter on the window, he of Europe would be
plowing without a thought of seeking shelter, or
so much as a glance at the sky. The author of a
Treatise on Rural .affairs remarks, that in two
years he lost only thirteen days by bad weather.

It is not necessary for me to say to you, sir, that
England is remarkable for confining to certain dis-
tricts the productions which flourish best in those
smls. Thus the light sands of Norfolk arc best
adapted to turnips, fed off and followed by barley
and clover ; therefore in that country the rotation
of turnips, barley and clover prevails. It was by
this course that Mr Coke (Earl of Leicester,) re-
claimed from perfect barrenness his splendid es-
tate of Holkham. Warwickshire is famous for
beans as a first course, followed by wheat. Lan-
cashire for potatoes as a first crop, wheat and timo-
thy following. So much briefly for adaptation.

Not less perfect is the si/slcm : the allotment to
Thomas of the plow — to Harry of the care of the
neat stock — to William of tho shcepfold, and to
William's boy John, of the lamos in yeaning time.
Eacli one has his part and his duties assigned to

him he is there at all times, and in all weathers,

and he stipulates to be en/y there. This system
pervades all things on tlie farm — Spinters Know in
wheat — Livcrless in tares — Liealone in fallow, and

vol,. X.\.M>. A.

A N D n 0 [I r I c I' L T i; r a i- r e r. i s t e r .

4-i

lie next year the coiirno rnrricil tlirotijjh them all
rithoul tlif possibility ol" fuiliiro.

Upon a I'uriii in Surrey, where I spent »ix plea-
int anil aprceablo nionlha, I hud opportunity to
Be the nsc and tlio profits or systenmlic farininc.
t was a hay farm, of less tliiui two hundred acres
-the rent paid, about .fviOOO. The whole farm,
xcept the garden, was mowed. Alter tlio hay
■as taken care of, the fields were all shut up until
icrc was a good feed upon them. Then Mr R.
•enl to the nearest fair and purchased large beeves
early fat. In those fresh, luxuriant pastures,
here the grass grew almost fu-st enough to render
Dt fabulous Sir Boyle Roche's story of the kite
irown into an Irish meadow over night, hidden by
le grass next fiioniing, the beeves became in a
bry short time fit for Smithfield or Old Lenden-
ill. .After a few days rest, the fair was resorted
for a second drove of cattle of smaller size, but
good flesh, which soon shared the lot of all fal
:rn, and became the roast beef of old England.
he fields were no longer in a condition to malic
ef, and therefore were to furnish the predica-
ent " nearly fal" to take the " first bite" in some
jfed meadow. Tlie fourth course was a herd of
lall Welsh cattle to be merely improved. Fifth
d lastly came sheep to be kept till the meadows
gan to siart in the spring, when they were sold,
d the meadows shut up.

To illustrate the third division of my theme, I
iy also refer to the practice upon my Surrey
lend's farm. To recruit this farm, the carts
iiich took the hay to market returned ladea with
nDures to be used as a top-dressing. \\ hen not
inging back provisions for farm use, I thiuk I
ly say tliey always came back with manures. I
d some years ago in my possession a hook, which
.3 borrowed by some kind friend or other, who
I ed it so well that he forgot to return it. This
1 3k gave the best account of the English prac-
le with respect to manures, of any I have ever
l>n. It was said in that book that five thousand
I IS of manures had been applied in one year on a
I gle estate. I know that the quantities are im-
nse, and that the lands in that country are kept
a high state of fertility by the axiom impressed
the hii^l>andnian that food is as necessary to
• earth as to the human body.
Do not think, my dear sir, that I have selected
liattern farm for the subject of the foregoing re-
rks. It was in all respects only a medium
m. There could not be the same opportunity
the more elaborate practices of husbandry that
re is in large Yorkshire farms. It is my opin-
that some of the best managed farms in Eng-
d were nn the estates of tlie Duke of llucking-
n at Stowe, in Bucks. The Marquess of i^har-
j, the Duke's eldest, and indeed his only son,
s ambitious of leading the landed interest in
rliament, and thence was a warm advocate of
t interest inside of St. Stephens, and a most
rough patron without. It is, however, the fash-
in England to patronize agriculture: heaven
int it may become so here.

You can form no idea with what ease an Ameri.
1 can introduce himself to the English, if he is
d of farming. The gift of a few ears of Indian
n to the Horticultural Society, brought me tick-
and invitations without number to their gardens
3 fetes at Chiswick. Kn passant, I visited Cob-
t's cornfield at Barn Elms, and a miserable fail-
! it was. The arch humbugger's attempt to gull

the English pc> pie into n briief that ii might be
made a national crop, was then in full blow.

Yours, itc. J. A. J.

for ilie N. E. Fariiiir

ON BRAN AS A MANURE.

Sir — As this is the season for preparin)' the tnr-
iiifTcrops, I am deturoiis of calling the nttciilion of
your readers and the scientific agrirtiltunsls. to the
consideration of bran (the husk of wheal) ns a ma-
niirc, not only fur turnips, but also for wheat and
glass. The great facility that every farmer hos
of obtaining it from his neighboring miller, and its
exceeding cheapness, (now about 4/. I'Is. per ton,)
warrants their tryintr a scries of experiments in
drilling it with the turnip.'* and whrat, and ptittuig
it over thoir grass lands as a top-dressing ; substi-
tuting it for bone and other manures, which are
costing two and three times as much as the bran
would.

Experiments have been tried, but not extensive-
ly enough to warrant its being said how much is
saved in exficnse, and what quantities per acre
ought to be used to render the best return.

It is to this point that 1 n i.sh attention to be di-
rected, and as Sir Humphrey Dnvy vn his " Ele-
ments of Agricultural Chemistry" writes — "Noth-
ing is more wanting in agriculture, than experi-
ments in which all the circumstances are minutely
and scientifically detailed" — would some of your
readers assist this object, and drill a small portion
in each of their fields of wheat and turnips, with
bran in quantities from 3 to (! cwt. per acre, and
report the result in your paper ; that is, the quali-
ty of the other manure used, the respective cost for
manuring an acre, the yield, and the quality of the
ground experimentalized upon.

The following extracts from Liebig, would leave,
in theory, bran to be at once the cheapest and
best manure that could be employed :

" Phosphate of magnesia, in combination with
ammonia, is an invariable constituent of the seeds
in all grasses. The bran of fiour contains the
greatest quantity of it.

" The perfect development of a plant according
to this view, is dependant on th« presence of alka-
lies or alkaline earths; for when these substances
are totally wanting, its growth will be arrested, and
when they are only deficient, it must be impeded.

" So likewise none of our corn plants can bear
perfect seeds, that is, seeds yielding flour, without
a large supply of phosphate of magnesia and am-
monia ; substances which they require for their
maturity.

" It is the greatest possible mistake to suppose
that the temporary diminution of fertility in a
soil is owing to the iosa of humus — it is the mere
consequence of llie exh^uslien of the alkalies." —
Murk-lane Express.

Fruit and Fruit Trees. — Two of tlic best farm-
ers in the range of our knowledge, one a resident
of Coos county, and the other in Orange county,
Vt, have communicated to iis the manner in which
they secuiR their fruit. It is this: they dig at
some distance from the body of a favorite tree, un-
til they find a root, which they cut ofT. The part
disjointed from the tree is turned up so as to ap-
pear above the ground. It sends forth shoots the
first season, and bears in a few years fruit precise-
ly like that upon the parent. Let those whose
trees are decaying, or who wish to increase good
varieties, try the experiment — .V. H. M'hig.

OIL SOAP— WILLIS' SYRINGE.

Mn PuT.VAM— Sir — I liau; lately noticed advcr-
tiscmcnlB and commiinicolioiis of Oil Soap, for de-
stroying insects upon rose buslicB, small trcrB, fic.
Il ought to be known by thoHe who cannot obtain
the oil soap, that ntroiig suds made of r':nimon
soft snap will answer most of the purposes ottri-
biitcd to the former. It kills the snail, keeps off
the rose bug, and I have preserved my plants by it,
for several years, against the attacks of the curcu.
lio. In sprinkling the plant, it is necessary to do
it early in the morning, while the dew is on, be-
cause it is ditlicull to wet a dry, green plum.

Willis' brass syringe is recommended for using
the soap, i would not willingly be instiumcntal
in discouraging the use or sale of that almost indis-
pensable implement; but for the purpose of throw,
ing suds upon small single trees and shrubbery, a
smaller syringe than any I have seen of Mr Willis'
make, is much more convenient and economical.
Go to a tin-shop and get a tube mode 10 or 12
inches long, which will hold from a gill to half a
pint, with three or four small holes in the end to
produce as many streams, and the jack-knife of
any Yankee of common ingenuity, will make a
good piston in a lew minutes. This will save
your suds, is managed more readily, and with equal
if not greater efltct upon such trees.
Yours, &c.

R. NEWTON.

M'orccster, .Jug. 2, 1841.

Best Cement for Joining Glass.— \{ the glass is
not likely to be exposed to moisture, the pieces
may be joined by a solution of equal parts of gum
Arabic and loaf sugar in water; or if these are not
at hand, the white of an egg may answer nearly as
well. But a strong water-proof cement, that is
equally transparent, may be made by digesting
finely powdered gum copal in thrice its weight of
sulphuric ether till it is dis.solved. This solution
may be applied to the edges of the broken glass,
with a camel-hair pencil and the pieces must be
put together immediately and pressed close till
they adhere. — A'. Y. Mechanic.

Best Cement for Joining China. — Heat a piece
of chalk to a full red heat in o fire ; and while
this is heating, take the white of an egg, and mix
and heat together with it. one fourth of its weight
of powdered or scraped cheese, (such as is most
void of cream, or oily matter, is preferable,) or the
curd that is formed by adding vinegar to skimmed
milk ; take the chalk from the fire, and before it is
cold, reduce it to powder, and add as much of it to
the mixture as will form a thick paste, and beat
them anew nil together, and use the composition
immediately. When this is dry, it will resist, in a
great measure, either hiat or moisture. A semi-
transparent cement, suitable for China ware, may
be made by gently boiling the flour of rice with
water. — lb.

Yeast. Boil one pound of good flour, a quarter

of a pound of brown sugar, and a little salt, in two
gallons of water for an hour; let it afterwards
stand until it becomes milk warm, bottle it and
cork it close. One pint of this will make eighteen
pounds of bread. — Lady's Annual Reg.

44

NEW ENGLAND FAR M E R

Arc II, 18tl.

IMPROVEMENT OF PEAT OR FEN SOILS. <'f r'cf'ness to tlie iimmire. The land is clayed

Peaty soil is composed of an excess of ve{reta-p'^''y seconJ course, or once in six years. The

ble matter in a sponie-lil<p state, holdinj; an excess 1 *^™P^ °" ''"^ P"'"' °^ ""^ "^^^^ f*"" "^ <=1"'''' °" '^'^

average, to 70 bushols of oats, and 4(1 of wheat

Tliis system has been used for many years ; the
soil lias lost its blackness, is now of a greyish col-
or, and has become a fine, friable, deep loani!* —
Morton on Soils.

IMPROVEMENT DY PARING AND BURN-
ING THE SURFACE.

It is said that the plan of paring and burning
the surface injures land which is not calcareous,
and that it increases the fertility of calcareous
soils. Wo have not seen any injury arising from
this practice, but on the contrary have witnessed
great advantages from it in every kind of soil.

It destroys all the roots and seeds of noxious
plants, and kills the slugs and all other insects,
with their eggs, that are amongst the turf

It is said, however, that burning disengages the

carbon in the soil, and that it flies off into the at-

.lowingandfallowmgtooof this Uiospherc; but «c think from its heavy nature,

of water, which is the chief cause of its growth.
It is therefore capable of improvement, till it is de-
prived by thorough draining of the water it thus
holds like a sponge.

There is a largo portion of iron and tannin in its
composition, which must also be got rid of: it is
generally, however, but of little value for arable
culture, till the texture of it be altered by the appli.
cation of clay, silt, gravel, lime, or any other heavy
tenacious substance, which gives a firmness and a
body to it.

Black peaty soil is never profitably employed as
pasture, as sheep do not thrive well on it. 'J'he
milk of cows pastured thereon is thin and watery ;
hence a good dairy cannot be found on this soil.
Inbreeding them there is great risk; and stock
brought from other soils do not feed well ; it is
therefore .much better adapted for arable culture.

The continual
black mould or fen land produces a minute divi
sion of the roots of couch, which so abounds in
the soil, that the land is stocked with plants for the
next course, unless the season bo so dry that they
can bo all picked out of the ground; but this is a
very difficult task, for, from the softness of the soil,
the horses' feet send down below the reach of the
plough, a portion of the couch at every footstep ;
80 that fen land, in its natural state, without being
hardened by the application of clay, defies the ut-
most exertion of the most industrious farmer to get
quit of the weeds. Nothing will enable the farmer
to destroy the weeds, the couch, the hariff and the
chickweed, and many others, so well as a constant
system of claying, once in six or eight years at
farthest.

In the extensive fens in Lincolnshire, the black
mould lies on clay or silt; and in some instances,
within one or two feet of it.

As an alterative, this clay is lifted up and spread
over the soil ; and, when well incorporated with
the black peat earth, it forms a most productive
soil, and yields the most luxuriant crops of oats,
wheat, cole and turnips. The best and most pro-
fitable mode of cultivating black peaty or fen land,
is first by a fallow, to get it perfectly clear for
cole or turnips. This crop ought to be consumed
on the ground by sheep, in the early part of the
winter; and in January or February at farthest,
the surface should have a covering of clay.

When this is dry enough, it should be ploughed
and sown with oats ; then with wheat as a crop for
the following year ; with clover for the fourth crop,
which may be made to hay or cut green for horses,
and after being well dunged and sown to wheat
for the fifth crop, then fallow for cole or turnips
succeeds and then clayed as heforc. Thus, by
claying once in every course, it is calculated to
produce one, if not two quarters of corn more per
annum than without it. The average produce, un-
der this mode of culture, is equal to eight quarters
of oats and four and a half of wheat.

MrWingatc's plan is perhaps more profitable

that it is more likely to fall to the earth, and again
incorporate with the new soil.

The ashes of burnt soil are said to be best, when
they are blackest ; black ashes are produced by
slow coiiibustinn ; and red nshes, by a strong fire.
The burnt surface, when mixed with the soil, makes
it work more easily, renders it more friable, and
less tenacious ; and tends to make strong, thin,
sterile, clay soils less tenacious, and more produc-
tive. The vegetable matter, which was burned, is
(juickly converted into an enriching property,
which in some soils may lie dormant for ages. —
Wherever there is an excess of inert vegetable
matter, the destruction of it by fire is most bene-
ficial ; the ashes, being mixed with the soil, pro-
duce large crops on land which before was unpro-
ductive ; burning, therefore, destroys the inert veg-
etable matter, and converts it into a valuable ma-
nure. It is a good practice to give newly burnt
land a dressing of lime when there is no calcare-
ous matter in the soil, as the farmers do in Somer-
set and Devon, when they convert waste hind into
tillage ; they plow the lime in with the ashes, and
sow the land to turnips. — Ibid.

SMUT IN WHEAT.
Every suggestion and experiment calculated to
aid in preserving the great staple of our country
from the ravages of insects and the diseases to
which it is subject, should be fully communicated
to the public. The following is an extract from a
letter from a corrcspondeut in Chester District, S.
C, relative to the preparation of seed wheat ns
practiced in his vicinity. The fact mentioned is
worthy of a trial. — .'Imer. Farmer.

'■Mr E(lilor-~]B it generally known that bluo
stone dissolved in water at llie rate of one pound
to 4 or ."i bushels of wheat, will entirely prevent
the smut, provided the wheat be soakod from 1'2 to
24 Hours ill the water thus prepared; there should
be no more water than is necessary to iinmerse the

, • • r wheat properly. After being thus soaked, the seed

than the above He fallows for cole or turnips should rot come in conUct with smut again by be-
after the land has been well cleaned and dunged, in<r put into a su.ulty ba-r

and this crop is eat off with Bhnep on the ground. °. By uenting whcat^in this way, wo of this

It is then clayed and sown to oats, after which neighborhood get rid of smut; and when wheat is
is s crop of wheat for the third year, the whole of nolsor.ked in blue stone, we invariably have smut,
the straw is consumed by oxen, wiili a portion of which is a great drawback on what little we raise
oil cake along with it, which gives a great degree of this crop."

For the N. E. Farmer. Jci

— ■ it.

EARLY SUPPERS.— No. II. Itt'i

The hour of five may possibly be a better hour I*
for supper with farmers, than that of six, provided '
they dine by about twelve; hut if dinner is not '"'
taken till one o'clock, it brings the dinner and sup- '•''
per too near each other. •

The stomach is muscular, and all muscular or- *'
gans need their seasons of rest. During workings*
hours in the summer, the laborer usually givesi '"
this organ very little time for repose. First, thei ""
breakfast; then, before that is fairly digested, thei *"
luncheon ; thirdly, before the stomach has fairly "•'
disposed of the luncheon, the dinner ; and fourthly, "
either an afternoon luncheon, or a late, heavy sup- '"■
per. The only time the stomach has for rest, tlien,. "!
in this way, is, during the nighL '"

Now, if we do not come in from our labor untill ■
half past seven or eight o'clock, and if we theai "
take a hearty supper and go almost immediately toi "'
bed, the stomach often has no rest during the •'•'
whole night; for it has become weakened unduly *•
during the day, in three ways ; first, by being kepti '"
so closely at work all day long, as not to have any "■•
of those little intervals of rest which it ought tO' 'i''
have had ; secondly, by great heat, and by other
natural causes; for heat, profuse perspiration, and
every thing else which fatigues us and weakens '
our bodies, especially our skins, weakens also — by i
what is called the law of sympathy — our stomachs : i
thirdly, by having this heavy load imposed upon it >
at a time when it is poorly able to bear it; — for *
what farmer does not know that both himself and '
his horses may bear up in the morning with I mhIs i
which would be quite too much — if indeed tlioy •
Avould not crush them — at evening ?

But this giving an org.in no rest during the '
night, is injurious to the whole system no less than
to the poor, jaded, tired stomach itself. Unless the
individual is made, as we sometimes say, of brass
or iron, he gets many a feverish feeling and many? ',
a distempered dream by it during the night. Some-
times he dreams that a rock detached from somt
neighboring mountain, is ready to roll upon him —
or a furious animal or dangerous serpent is in pur
suit of him, while he himself, attempting to escape
finds himself powerless. Occasionally, in person:
not so strong, or predisposed to apoplexy, nighl
mare, as it is called, comes on, and in a few cases
a stroke of palsy or apoplexy. Many an individu-
al, not.only farmers, but others, has died in thit
way, belwcen ten or eleven o'clock in the evening
.ind one or two in the morning. Perhaps there is
not an individual of fifty years of age, who cannot
if he has been an observer of such things, remem-
ber one or more deaths of this sort. 1 can recol
lect nearly a dozen.

But suppose we escape all this, and sleep sound-
ly : in this case, too, we pay a pretty troublesom«A»ii
penalty for our evening transgression of the law ol Mi
life. We wish to rise very early in the morning
hut lo ! the bright beams of the sun are in our bed«^ ai
cimiiibers long before we arc awake. And wheO K
we awake, we are but half awake. There is ■ iet
feeling of not having slept enough; and many lu
lime have I heard the laborer say, in these circu
stiiiices, that he felt more fatigued than he dilfii
when he went to bed the night before.

Perhaps he tries to open hia eyes, but they art
glui'd together. He rubs them, and tries again
but cobwebs seem to hang over, and dust to fii

1

\ill.. XX. NO. 0.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U R A I R I-: G I S T E R

45

bcin. Mo partly rises up in tlic bcJ ; but his licad,
lirougliout, feels as bad as liis cyos. Oli, how la-
bels! Ho iiiusl lio a littlt longer, if every lliui^;
►ocs to wreck. Sa down he pnes ugnin to sloop
while lonm'r, or rulher to lit ami suffer longer,
tut at Inst he must get up, at some rate — so he
rags luMiself out.

But now his mouth and throat, how they feel !
loated with lur or mucus, and having an ugly,
cid taste : — what shall be done ? Before the days
f temperance, a little tansy or wormwood billers
could clear away tlu bad feelings of the eyes and
cad, and make liim forget the bad tusle in the
loulh. But ah, the days of temperance have come,
nd ho has pledged himself to touch not, taste not,
andle not, that which he knows full well has al-
'ays been a curse to him and to the rest of the
'orld around him. But what shall he do ? I again
sk.

The best part of repentance is reformation. Let
le advise him to repent of his late suppers, and
eform. Let supper be taken by five or six o'clock,
nd let it even then, be light Whatever else may
«»e been taken during the day, let the supper be
rincipally of bread, and — if any liquid is used
ith it — perhaps a little milk. Or, if he is so
ungry or tired at supper time that he cannot eat
lain bread, or other very plain food, let him go
■itlioiit any supper at all. No person, however
ard his labor may he, who has eaten breakfast,
incheon, and dinner in the usual country style of
Jew England, would be materially injured by ab-
Uiining from supper. He would probably gain
lis by abstinence in preference to gluttony — that
•e would wake up ne.\t morning refreshed by his
leep, and in the enjoyment of a good appetite,
•till I am not urging total abstinence from food at
upper time. H' there is a good appetite for plain
read, I would eat moderately, by all means.

The grand reason, as 1 tliink, why late suppers
hould be avoided by laboring people, e.'pecially
y farmers, is thiit which has just been mentioned
1 this article. Late suppers are unfavorable to
roper rest and sound sleep ; and where there is a
ant of either of these, no one will feel well ne.\t
Horning, nor even through the day. Late suppers
.len, ore an occasion (observe 1 say an occasion,
ol tht occasion, for there are many others,) of bad
■uppers ; bad suppers of bad sleep ; bad sleep of
ad feelings next morning ; bad feelings in the
norning of late rising, or at least of bad eating
nd drinking at or before breakfast — and the whole
eries of wrong doing is a precursor, almost inevi-
bly, of bad feelings and much wrong doing
liroughout the day. It deranges, in time, the
»eneral health and is unfavorable to long life.

In this way, however, many go on from day to
lay, from week to week, from month to month, and
rom year to year. Many, I say, but I mean a few
ather. For while a few who have robust consti-
utions, go on thus, multitudes become afflicted
vith disease in some of its thousand and one forms,
ind nature has a chance to recover herself, at least

—their own health, and timt of thc-ir families, do- | found it pnifitablo to sow turnips among tho corn.

inestic animals, soils, &.C., and hove made some
preparation for the publicnlion of hucIi b work. —
My heart is with the plain, common sense people
of this country, and ever has been ; ond I would
fain do the little in my power while I live, to pro-
mote their health, happiness, and usefulness. He
who shall bring not (miy Hygiene, but Chemistry
anil Physiology to bear upon our farmers and their
wives and families, and upon their fields, fortsls
and yards, will, in my view, perforin a great and
lasting service to his country.

WM. A. ALCOIT
Dedham, Jlug. 2rf, 1841.

For iho New England Parmer.

TURNIPS AMONG CORN.
^ Audi alttrom partem."

I noticed recently in the columns of the Farmer,
an article under the editorial head, relative to the
practice of sowing turnips nmong corn.

I have a few facts to communicate on this sub-
ject, and hope thtit others will add more.

Last year a farmer of my acquaintance, who had
ever been sceptical as to the propriety nf the mea-
sure, was induced to try it, and the result, so far at
least as one year's experience is capable of throw-
ing light upon the question, goes far in establish-
ing the utility of tlie practice. The modus operan-
di was as follows: — At the last hoeing, which was
performed in tlie latter part of June, or the tirst of
July, he sowed three ounces of English turnip seed
on a part of his corn land, leaving the other which
he manured and cultivated precisely in the same
way as that on which the turnips were sowed,
without any thing but the corn.

Tlie hoeing was performed almost exclusively
with the Cultivator, or horse-hoe, and the surface,
nstead of being broken into inequalities by hilling,

In some iiistniiiM-s they have found it so in fuel.
Hut where the corn is large, our obscrvaticmi are
not in favor of the practice. And if H. 1). W. ha*
mudc no mistake in his figures, the case lio men-
tions will sustain nnr belief.

If the two acres averaged aizlylhrce bushels, and
if the acre where the turnips grew gave only fijly-
three bushels, then the other ucrc on which no tur-
nips were sowed, must have yielded aettnlylhrtt
bushels of cum — and wc are left to infer that the
injury to the corn by llie turnips, was twenty bush-
els per acre. Such is the apparent teaching of
this case ; but we strongly suspect there is some
mistake in the MS. ; for the experimenter would
Dot be so much pleased with the operation, had it
resulted ns here described. — En.

From the Kaf (net's Cabinet.

GREEN CROPS FOR' TURNING DOWN.
Mr Euitor — Wc hear mnch of sowing crops
for the purpose of plowing them down while green.
Did it ever occur to the minds of our fanners, how
many and what heav/- " green crops" may be cut
from their rushy bottoms, their ditches, their woods ;
but above all, from the margins of their rivers and
creeks; and which, if;baried in the bottom of their
furrows, would fern out and become as valuable
manure as any that could be grown for the purpose
at the expense of plowing and sowing, and which
would enable them to mow these for their cattle,
and thus obtain from them an addition to their cat-
tle keep, instead of robbing them of so many acres
of fodder ? There is upon record an account of
an experiment on growing potatoes, where it was
found that a single cabbage-leaf laid on every set
of the potatoes while planting, produced as large a
crop as was taken from the rows drcesed with sta-
I ble manure. Then what would be the result of a
was kept throughout perfectly smooth and even to , ^^^^^ covering of water lilies, reeds, or the rushes
the last. j„ J weeds from our boggy bottoms ? I' am at

The seed germinated rapidly, and by the time p^^^^^j ^ ^^^^^ ;„ ^ j^y ^^^^^ gtore in Msrket

the corn was full in the milk, the plants had at
tained the size of a man's hand ; but the process
of " bottoming," as it is called in farming technolo-
gy, was but little advanced before harvest. The
denouement I shall make known in the language
of the experimenter himself, who -.vas so highly de-
lighted with his success, and withal so astounded
at the wisdom of" Book Farmers," from some one

street, but shall be free in the spring, when I. will
ascertain if agriculture will not pay for capital ex-
pended as well as trade, J. D.
Philadelphia, June 20, 1841.

There is more than loving-kindness — there is a

superabundance of goodness in every part of nature.

of whom I believe he obtained the hint, that he im- j The presence of some races of animated beings is

mediately abjured his prejudices against written
wisdom, and became a book-farmer, in the fullest
sense, himself. In his letter he says:

"My experiment, in order to lest the feasibility
of the new method of turnip culture, has been sin-
gularly and completely successful. From one
acre of corn land, I have harvested ninetyslx.bivsh-
els of as fine turnips as I over belmld, and fifty-
three bushels of corn. The turnips have not injur-
ed the latter in the least — sixtythree bushels to

a source of pleasure to others — the glittering joy
of a summer day is occasioned by the general stir
of happy existence. Suppose all the other crea-
tures extinct, and man left the solitary mas'er of
the globe, what a different being would he become '.
how would the face of nature be changed I there
would be desolation, and in the prospect the heart
would sink. — Selected.

the acre, being the average yield of the piece, which
jartially ; unless, indeed, the transgression has | measures exactly two statute acres."

leen so great that no return is possible. Tlion-
lands and thousands of the '• light afflictions," to
lay nothing of the severer troubles which flesh is
leir to, come of late suppers, and will never be
vhoUy removed from the lot of humanity till men
earn not to mistake fatigue and nervous depres-
lion for genuine hunger.

I have long thought, Mr Editor, that our farmers

He is trying the experiment again this season,
ond thus far with similar success.

Yours, &,c. H. D. W.

Hindham, Me., July 28, 1841.

Q^" Jludi alteram partem," — that is, "I have
heard another side to that story," says our corres-
pondent. We have heard tlie same. It is not

leeded a plain, rationol, proctical manual o/A«a/<fc i new to us that many fanners have thought they

Success is a constant motive to activity : every
stroke of your hoe is a step forwards, and mokes
you approach nearer to the object you have in
view.

The praises that we receive after we are buried,
like the posies that are strewn over our groves,
may be gratifying to the living, but they are noth-
ing to the dead : the dead are gone, either to a
place where they hear them not, or where, if they
do, they will despise them — Lacon.

46

NEW E iN G L A N D FAR M E K ,

AtG. II, 1841.

A>-n nORTICULTLUAL RKGI3TER.

Boston, Weonebdav, August II, 1841.

HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AT SOUTH BOSTON.

About one week .«ince, we had tlie pleasure ofpassiMg
two or lliiee liours ut tlie iiistitulion wlieie the poor of
the rity are (in.vided for. This word jiUasurc Is not
u?ed here thoughtlessly, or in merely a foriniil manner ;
fur llic.ui'h it afl'ords but little gratiticalion to reflect up-
on the lacl, that hundreds of our fellow beings are de-
pressed and weighed down by tlie ills of poverty, and
tliough tiie mind loves not to dwell long upon the in-
mates of nn almshouse, as the children of misfortune,
crime, or want— yet the neatness, comfoit und order
which pervade the house that a christian city provides
for those who are unable to maintain themselves, speak
in |ih-usiiig tones of the pluhinlhropy of our comnninity.
If there must be those who are infirm and poor, it re-
joices us lo know that a pood home is provided fur them.
And while obsorving the circumstances contributing
to the he»llh and enjoyment of those who take thoir
bread frorl, the hand of public charily, the question oc-
curred wIteilR'r it were easy to fa-vor these depressed
raembuts of the "human family so extensively in any
other Kpai&,aBnvRF*ri? they may engnge in /ormis? ond
gaidenim; labors. Cheerfulness and contentment seem-
ed to be written upon the countenances of the doz-n
old men who were leisurely pullmg the weeds from the
potato ground. Wherever we found the men at their
work, they seemed to perform it leisurely, and to enjoy
the moderate exercise. And >ve repeatedly admired
the happy manner in which the efficient head of the
whole est^iblishment in all its departments, would give
them a cheering word, as he passed one alter another.
Their cheerful and respectful looks and tones in reply,
told the tale of bis fitness for his plaee, more satisfacto-
rily than it could have been leained in any other way.
Here are thirty acres of land in a very high state of
cultivation. Much of it is a garden. All is neat and ^
well tiken care of. One man is liired 10 go with the
team und assist in the direction of ihc work. With the
exception o( what he does, the labor is p. rformcd by
the inmates. Uroughl was pinching the crops in many
spots, but where the moisture «as suflicient the Crops
bespoke good nianiigemunt. Asparagus, strawberries,
vegetables and fruits of many kinds are here cullivale.l
extensively for the city market. If we did not uusun-
derstand the statement, the strawberries from the gar-
den this season, have been sold for $S0O. Twelve cc<w8
on the farm are in fine condition, and furnish much
milk for the market. Swiiie are ihere of all ages and
colors, and more numerous than one would count. Rut
they would do no discredit lo the pens ol' any of our
most successful swine breeders.

Fire Blight. But while we found much to admire,
there was one appearance upon many of the trees in tile
garden, which no lover of good fruit could look upon
willii>ut emotions of fadness. Many fine varieties of \sdt(iled.
pears have been introduced to the gardens : the tree»
for a few years past have lieen making a tine growth ;

ty. The leaves there will die, while those both above
and below the afiecied part continue green for a lime.
Upon culling the diseased part you will find the bark
black, and a dark shade is given to the wood. In most
cases it extends gradually each way; ihe leaves lake
the color of the fallen leaves of autumn ; the branch
dies ; and the tree nearly or quite perishes.

If any one of our correspondents can give informa-
tion of any value relative to this di^^ease, we hope he
will at once favor the public with the results of his ex-
perience.

HAYSEED UPO.N INVERTED SOD.
Many of our moist lands, between the dry uplands
and the bog-meadows, though naiural lo grass, occa-
sionally need renovating. As long as a common lop-
dressing will cause u good crop, nothing more should
ho done than to apply the manure on the surface.
But when the belter grasses have run oul, and when
moss begins to collect upon ihu surface, it is necessary
to plow such land. But where the plow will do its
work tolerably well, it is not necessary to plant.—
Tliese lands which are wet and heavy in the early part
of the season, and which bake in the scorching months
of July and August, are not profitable for tillage. They
may yield a crop of potatoes, and possibly of corn, but
the chances for this are small, and it is usually had work-
ing these wet spots in the early part of the season. The
best way to treat them is, to turn the land over as soon
as it can conveniently be done after the crop of hay has
been removed ; to plow in such direclion that the dead
furrows shall come in suitable places for surface drains,
to roll well; and then put on a dressing of compost.
When this has been done, sow hay-seed and harrow
thoroughly. Then use the roller again, and the next
season you may obtain a /air crop of hay, and the fol-
lowing year you probably will got a heavy burlhcn.—
Herds grass is bettor for these moist grounds than clover
or red-lop. No one who has been accuslomed to this
process will ever think of tilling any wet lands that can
be laid over smooth by the plow.

The process here recommended has been repeatedly
urged upon our farmers, by Mr liuckminster, editor of
the Boston Cultivator, and as far as ho has influenced
them to comply with his advice in lh;8 matter, he has
rendered ihem good service.

This is the proper season of the year for working all
low lands, and it is by attention to tli.tn, that our farm-
ers generally must hope to thrivn. They repay the la-
bor and expense bestowed upon them belter than most
of the highgrouirds.

There is no quality which commands more respect
than integrity ; none more freedom and independence
than economy ; these with industry, are all that a man
needs to depend upon ; and should you mako them the
rules of your conduct, you must be successful, while
without them you never can. Ho who depends upon
continued industry and integrity, depends upon pairons
of the most exalted kind. They are the creators of fir-
tune and fame, aiid never will disappoint or desert you.

Masaachiiaetls Horticultural Soclet}-.

EXMIBITIOK or FLOWKBS.

Saturday, July 31,

From .S R. Johnson — Pinks, Carnalions, Verbenas
and Double-flowering Homegranate.

From Messrs Winship— several new Hypericums, oC
consid.rabl.- beauty, and other flowers.

From Miss Sumiier— Bouquets.

From J. L. L. F. Warren— Dahlias and Bouquets.

From Capt. Macondry— fine Dahlias.

From D. Mclntyre— Nc plus ultra Dahlia.

From J. Hovey — Carnations and Bouquets.

From S. Walker — Aconituni variegatum, (a fine spe-
cimen)—Phloxes, Pentsemons (new) and Buuqaets.

Saturday, Aug. 7.

From Capt. Macondry— fino Dahlias.

From Hovey & Co.— Seedling Phloxes, Verbenas and
Bouquets.

From J. Hovey — Carnations and Bouquets.

From J. .\ Keniick — Bouquets.

From J. I.. L. F". Warren — Dahlias and Bouquets.

From W. Kenrick — Bouquets.

From Misses Sumner — Bouquets.

From S. Walker — Bouquets.

From W. E. Carter— Hibiscus ap. and a Bouquet.

From M. P. Wilder— a specimen of Conslantia dahlia,
Portulaca Thellussorii, and the new Scarlet Geranium.

From D. Mclntyre- Ne plus ultra aud Sufiolk Hero
Dahlias.

From Mr Winslow — Dahlias and Bignonia.

The exhibiiioii of Carnations having been made on
— veral days, owing to the season, tho committee now
make their award as follows :

For the best dis|.lay of flowers, to J. Hovey ;
For the best six flowers, lo S. Walker.
None were deemed suflicienily pood to command the
second premium for the best display.
For tli« Committee,

(5'igned) Joseph Brecx.

The Chairman would particularly mention the seed-
lings of Jos. Breck & ("o., as very fine, and worthy a
gratuitous premium.

CM. HOVEY, Ch'mn.

Buckthorn Hedge.— If any gentleman wishes to see a
beautiful buckthorn hedge, he may be gratified by stop-
ping at the residence of the editor, in Cambridge. We
are satisfied, from our own experience, that farmers
might adopt ihis mode of fencing enclosures with suc-
cess. It would be a perfect protection against all ani-
mals that usually trespass on their grounds. The plant
is not only useful for this purpose, but is highly orna-
incnlal. No worm or borer atucks the root or the stem;
no insect preys upon the foliago. It is also of rapid
growth ; and in six years it may be raised from the seed
to a state of maturity sufficient to afl"ord Ihc protection
required. And the best vccommcndBtion ol all is, per-
haps, that it will last as long as its osvncror his heirs
may need it. Our plants were procured six years ago,
from Mr Derby, of Salem, who it is well known, has a
specimen of the hedge which surpasses any thing of the
kind in Massachusetts. — Boston Courier.

Bv orderof Government, the roads in Prussia are lined
lor a lew vears past nave neen maaiiit; « niie g.ov.i,i , i . ' .. ■■.,.„,„ „r

but that f'tal disease the Jir.i;../.M.as come upon the on each side with fruit trees. Noticing <!-< - "

_. ii 1...^ i. ...iur, ..r ^frn.u iitinplifli lo iliem. 1 lonuireu

gieater part of them. Tho mortality is spieadiug so
fast that apparently but few of the trc. s will escape.—

them had a wisp of straw nttachoil to them, I inquired
of the coachman what it meant. Ho replied, that the

last that apnarcnlly uui lew oi wie iru< o ivin ustnpt. — - i ii . . ■ l

The clJies and quince, also are attacked and suffer straw wu, intended a, a nonce to the public no to take

much. Tons this disease, both as to its cause and it. fru.l from those trees without special permission I

Farmers, don't sell your .'Ji/iM. -Professor Liebig says,
that in taking tho hay from meadows, the principal
cause of exhaustion to the soil is the loss of the potash j
contained in the hay ; and that this may be readily re-
stored by sowing the meadow with a thin covering of
wood ashes.

Wo once heard n veiy successful farmer say, that ho
never suflered a bushel of ashes to be sold from his farm

that it was worth 50 cents a bushel to sow on grass

and corn. — Genesee Far,

laws of progress, is a complete mystery. Does an in-
sect produce it .' If so, wc have never been able to
find tho insect. Often as any way you will find a
branch sttackod midway from the trunk lo the exitemi-

said I, "that such a notice in my country, would
hut he an inviiation lo attack them." " Halien sit keins
jscAu/rn?" (Have you no schools .') was his signiticant
rejoinder.— /"re/. Stowe.

Death is the liberator of him whom freedom cannot
release— the physician of him whom medicine cannot
I cure — and the comforter of him whom time cannot coii-
I sole. — Lacon.

A .\ D n 0 R T I C i: I. T U R A [, R E fi I S T E R .

IKIUHTON MARKKT. —MoMiAT, August 9, liJ^l.
Kpixuira for llie Now eiielmiil l<«riiiei.

Al Mnrkel 430 HphI Catlle, 15 Cows und Culvrs,
40U Shoop and JUO Swiix-.

ict».— Hit/ Cuttle — \VV roduce our quotatinns to
jnform to sales. First qualilv, $rt 75 a fi 00. Second
lalilv, $5 00 a 5 50. Tliird'qualily, $4 00 a 4 75.

Coirs and L'altes. — Sales were noticed at $25, S2rf,
id $:«.

Slittp. — Former prici-s wore nol sustained. A lot of
dinary Lambs $1 Lots including a few old Sheep,

1 3:t, $1 42, Jll 50, $1 75, $a 00, $a 25 and a few

2 50.

bttine. —Very few only were sold. One lotsmall slioats
about 5 cents, and a lot old Hug< at 4 1-2. At re-
I from 5 to fi 1.3.

A6

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrfcicd wUh ^reat car*', iceekli/.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, very little in market. Red Top,

Mf seed liy the l>ag 30 to J3 c. Clover— Northern, 13c.

Southern, S to 9 c. Flax Seed, SI, 37 to I 6J liu. Lu-

ne, 25 c. per lb.

•'LOUR. Howard Street 86 00— Genesee S6 25— Ohio
00.

.iR.\l\. Corn— Northern Yellow none —Round Yel-

■ 73— Soulhcru Flat Yeliow 74— White 7,1. — Rye—

rlhern 6u to 63— Southern 50 to 33. Oais — Southern H

Norihirn 46 to 50.
ROVISIONS. Beel— Mess SIO 60 to II 00— Prime

30— No. 1 »9 00. Pork— Extra- 15 00— Clear 14 50—

iS Sl3 00. Hams— Northern 9 c. per lb — Southern,

e. Lard— Boston 9 c per lb. ^Southern, 8 lo 8 1-2.

ler— Lump 13 lo 22— Firkm 12 to 18— Shippm? 8 to u.

WV. per ion. Sis lo a>— Eastern Screwed £13 to 14.
HEESE-Old II c— .\ew8.
GGS, 14 a 16.

'OOL— The market for this article has not experienced
change of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and ihere
iialimiti-J supoly oflnw Fleeces and of fine Kl?eces the

4c is also moderaie. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,

•0 In 55 c. --American full blood, washed! 47 to 50 — Do

loud, washed, 44 lo 46— Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 3ri to

1-4 and common do, 35 to 37 — Smyrna Sheep, washed,

28 — Do. unwashed, 10 to 14 — Beogitsi ."^beep, 8 to 10 —

dos Ayres unpicked, 7 to 10 — Siijierfine Nortnern pulled
43 to 4r,— No. I do. do. 37 to 42— No 2 do do 20 to 30
3 do do 1310 20.

this Seedliiiiris 83 00 per hundred plants

Melfirrn Ciiflle.— Fruit extrenielv birfre, hi^h
and showy; specimens of this fruii have been shown lli
season su inches in circumferuoce. Price ihrcc dollars per
huiiilred plants '^

Keen's Scnilimr. — ,\ very superior vnrioiy, fruit very
large, rich dark color, awl uncommonly high llavoieil
Price three dollars per hundred.

/ioi/al S;ar.'rt.— Fruit long oval shaped and iuicv very
Iri-e bearer, and very hardy. Price iwo dollars ■" ■ '

ILiuIImU.— Frail larger than V„g|,5h Wood, exceedingly
omelimes yielding 100 berries lo the plant. -

numeroii

Price two dollars.

AV/y IV/yinm— This is known to be the earliest and
best Iriiit for market, a free bearer and very hardy. Price
two dollars

The facility with which the condition of the Irongb ma*
nnv.rc I I be ejnmined by means ol these two moveable aides, I con-
sider an important recnmmendulinn.

The improvement in Ihe trough is the insrrtioo of a lnh»
in IIS side, placed in an oblique posilion, ihe lower end bear-
iiienn Ihebollom of the trough and having the otlur end
elevated nearly to iis top Water enough is piii mm ihe
trough lo cover the lower end of the lube, oil is then nut in,
which Iviuit lighter will cover the lop of the water; water
being so Mibli' ' ■ . . .

tb(

Bnglisli (root/— Fruit well k-nown for years,
dollar.

Price one

Every plant sent from this garden will be warranted lo l->
free Irom mixtures, and shall also bo young and healihj
worth the price paid for them. '

All orders dirrcled lo ihe subscriber, inclosing ihe amouni
fir IheoTder, or wiih a^ood reference, shall be ptnmpily ai-
tended to. and the plani-i lorwarde,! agreeably to dir.-ciinns.
Orders can also be led in the subscriber's box, at JOSEPH
BRECk. & CO'S Seed Warehouse.

JAMES L. L. F. WARREN.

■^"g- "• eopisim ;Vono;'/um Vale, Ifria-hltm.

MOl ICE TO lIORTIcrLTURISTS.
Whale Oil Soap.

The subscriber lias constuMilv on band, and in quantities
to suit purchasers, this u>eful arlicia which has lately provod
ilsel/ so destructive -o the greai variety of insecls which lu
fcst the Garden. .Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKINS, lOii State street.
l?oston Aug. 4lh, 1341. im

RE VOL, VINO BOaSK RAKE.

BULBOIS ROxTS.

le fiubserihers offers for sale a great variety of Pieonies,
Crown Imperials, an I oiher Bulbous and fibrous

being so Miblilc an element, is liable to peneiraic through
top ol the roof and find its way into the trnogh, if so it
would sink below the oil and pass out through the lube
without overllowing, leaving the oil in the trough. I be-.-
Iieve all roofs hitherto have lailed to keep all Ihe water out
hence the utility ol a tube. Although it is believed these
miiirovemenls will be reeommended by their own menu, I-
subjoin a certificate from ihose who have used them.

N. It. Those who.wish this remedy applied to their trPtf,
are requesled to direct a line to the subscril/er. post paid
A model may be seen at the offict- ol ihe N E. Farmer.
i^'jnn,7lh Ma.,Mi. DANIEL NEWUALL.

We the undesigned, have the preceding season use.:'
Newhall's Improvement for destroying the "Cankei'VVtirm.

La.sl year the foliage on many of our trees was entirely de-

Mroyed, looking as ihough a fire had passed IhrongbitbcTta.

The use ol JVewball's Improvement the precedingSea' jfcn

ol Ihiir ascent, lias destroyed nearly all the worms; pt\ some .

irees none could be found, and they are ni'w in a Boutishmg •

condition, covered with foliage, ami many of them loadcS ~

with fruit.
We believe this improvement is an ,»ffectuabi remedy

against tins depredalur, and ihal if propej mtculMki be pai.i

during the ascent of Ihe Grub it will exterm. '^je i«e Caukcc ■

worm from the tree;

George Johnson, -

Samuel Curtis,

Paul Newhall,

Oii« Johnson,

Isaac Basseil,

Theophilus Breed,
Lijnn, 7th, Mo., 1:41

Mnses Breed,
John Pralt,
M. C. Pralt,
Esles Newhall.
Jariies Breed, Jr.,
StepliaaJV. Breed.

eovv4l Aug 4;

RURTSPERM 0H-.

•d plants which are most successfully planted in August. „ ', „,r f p"^ Horse Kake has been in general use m
so, Hyacin.hs. Tulips, Narcissus, af.d Bulbous roots of I T" "^^ '^ I''nn^Jl^»"''i,'""' ^e" Jersey, and is lound to
• descriplion. JOSEPH BRECK & CO. I t^^'.^i i . T "^l ' i"" ?","'^ ,>"=cbmes now .i, use.

,g n One man and horse, with a boy lo lead, will rake on an av

'' erage from 25 lo 30 acres per day with ease, and do '.he work

LAOroMETERS.

well. Th^re is a great advantage in this rake overall others,
as the person using it does nol have lo stop the horse lo un-
load the rake.

For sale al Nos. 51 &, 52 North Market Street, by
June 9. JOS. BRECK tCO-.

No
ers. i:
s23

:eived a
51 and
Jr testin

I Ihe New England Agricultural Ware-
52, .North Market St., a few sets of Lac-
K the quality of i; ilk.

JOSEPH BRECK i CO.

PATEJVT BRASS SVRINGE- WHALE OIL SOAP

Willis's Patent Improved Brass Syringe for watering
plants, grape vines, small trees, ilesiroying the Rose Bug
&c. This Syringe may be u»ed on all occasions when waler-
ing is necessary for usinga sidulion prepared for the pur-
pose, to prevent mildow on grape vines, and also to use the
preparation of Soap lor the desirnclion of ihe Riis_' Bu"

1 his Syringe may be had of JOSEPH BRECK \''cn
Nos. 51 and 52 North Market Sireet, who has for sale ihe
Whale Oil Soap, a sure prevenlalive against ihe ravages of
the Rose Bug and other insects. The Soap sliould be dilu-
ted by water, al the rate of lifieen g-illons of water to two
pounds ol Sortp, and applied by the Syringe. The Soap is
in kegs containing 23 lbs., at one dollar per keg. July 14

FOR SALE

■Iwo pair of Pigs, Berkshire and China. JO.SEPH
BRECK m CO. June 30.

EDMUND rHASTINCS.& CO.

No- 101 Siaic St, keepcoiistanlly for sale, Winier, Spring-
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of the beet quality and to burn without
crusling.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Bosion, Jan. I, 1841.

isly

GOOD CULTIVATORS AT j:! 50

Good Cukivalors for sale at the New Enylaud .Agricultu-
ral Warehouse, Nos. 51 & 32 North Market Sircel, Prior.
83,60. JOS. BRECK & CO.

GRIKDSTONEB.

.An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstorea
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBAKj*
it. CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isiy. Nov 17

48

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

wo. 11, 1841.

IVl'l S C E L L A N E 0 U S

pants and snmmer jacket. — Not so fast, not so
fast! I'll follow thee — round about clover top,
(lock weed and apple tree. Bobby Lincoln never
lets Mary Lincoln gad about alone with Harry
Hau-se, muckle weaver ; nor Michatl Mangel
Wurtzel.' — Stleded.

Progress of Slander.— Mrs Hopkins told me
that she heard Sam Gibb'a wife say that John Har-
ris' wife told her, Granny Smith heard that it was
no doubt the widow l'.aker said that Capt. Wood's
wife thought that Col. Lane's wife believed that
old Mrs Lamb reckoned positively that Peter Dun-
ham's wife had told Nell Bussendeii that her aunt
had declared to the world that it was generally be-
lieved that old uncle Trimblctoe had said iu plain
terms that he heiird Betsey Cook say that her sis-
ter Polly had said that it was well known in the
neighborhood that old Mrs. Slouch made no bones
of saying thai, in her opinion it was a matter of
fact that Dolly Lightfinger would soon be obliged
to — gel htr a new apron siring. — Exchange paper.

CONTEMPT.

BV N. P. WILLIS.

/ hate unlearned contempt- It is tho sin

That is engendered earliest in the soul,

And dolli beset it like a poison-worm

Feeding on all lis Ijcauiy, As it steals

Into the liosom, you may sec the light

Of the clear, heavenly eye grow cold and dim,

And the fine upright glory of the liri.w

Cloud with mistrust, and the unfettered lip,

That was as Ircc and changeful as the wind,

Even in sadness redolent with hive,

Curled with the iciness of constant scorn.

Ilcats into the inind till it pollutes

All its pure lountains. Keeling, reason, taste.

Breathe of its chill corruption. livery sense

That could convey a pleasure is henumhed,

And the lirighl human being, that was made

Full of rich warm Hikclions, and with power

To look through all things lovely up to God,

Is changed into a cold and doubling fiend,

With but one use for reason— <o despise .'

Oh ! if there is one hiw above the rest,

Written in wisdom— if ihere is a word

That 1 would trace as with a pen of fire

Upon the unsunn'd temper of a child —

If there is any thing that keeps the mind

Open to angel visits, and repels

The ministry of ill— 'I is human love!

God has made nothing -worthy of contempt.

The smallest pebble in the Well of truth

Has its peculiar meaning, anft ".-ill stand

When man's best monumcntsti've passed away.

The law of Heaven is love, ancl'though its name

Has been usurped by passion, and profaned

To its unholy uses through all time,

Still the eternal principle is pure :

And in these deep affections that we feel

Omnipotent within us, we but see

The lavish measure in which love is given ;

And in the yearning tenderness of a child

For every bird that sings above his head,

And every creature feeding on the hills,

And every tree and flower and running brook,

We see how every thing was made to love:

And how they err, who, in a world like this,

Find any thing to hate but human pride.

Field Mies— the Bob LnU-,— Our old friend
Robert Lincoln, a celebraled musician, better

Known by the abbreviation of Bob Lincoln, or Bob ^^^^,^^^ _,^,^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^

Link, is on his annual visits, and just now making ^^^i Warehouse and Sec.i Store Nos, 61 andf.2 North M

the reeds and bushes, and trees vocal with his ket Stroci, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay and

i' ,„„! ,„ol,,rW VVp «nw nne of these! Slalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not before

rare and comical melody. We saw one ol '"ese ^ ^^_| ^^^^'^^ T ^^,^_^b^, ,.^^,1,;, j,„^p„^^ The most prom-

feathered voluptuaries on the topmost bough ol an j^^.^, pg-,^,s „f ,i„5 appiii-gjion, and some of the consequent

apple tree the other morning, shaking hia variega- pcculioriiies of the machine arc :

ted sides with lauL'hter on seeing a wily cat steal- l. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requisile

tea sioes wiui lau^ iir: „ } I ,0 use it, that the Strength of a hall grown boy IS Sufficient

thily approaching the foot ol the tree, and discours- , ^^ ^^.^^^^ „ efficiently.

cd with unusual animation : "He, he, he, pretty kit ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ this modernic power, it easily cuts two bush

DUSSV don't'o come creepy, creepy to catch Bobby els a minuie, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed

Linkey ; cause Bobby can't stop, can't stop-sees hy^nny o.her machine even when worked by horse or sicam

Jenny going shopping— preity Jenny— me catch "3 t^,,^ |j„i,p, „„ing ,„ ihe peculiar manner in which they

her can't wait, pussy — call totiiorrow — I'm off — cm. require sharpening less often than those of any other

gee see see" And away he darted to join his 1 straw cutter.

favorite Jennv, who just then, in a dark grey rus- 1 a. The machine is simple in its construction, nnade and put
lavorite JtiHiy, no ju i > n • v. .„„. loKelhcr very slronely. It is therefore not so liable aslhc

set morning dress, started liom a lult ol tugn grass p,„„|,ii(.„,p(j mochinea in general use to get out of order.

on a shopping excursion, when Robert, alivG to tlic ^ —

duties of gallantry, instnnlly offered his services DRAFT AND TRACK CHAINS.

wintrfullv and sonirfully, and the air at once was ju,t received by Packet Coromanda,

filled with his delicious melody , -0 pair ^^^J-^l^^'''''^^-^-

'Mary Lincoln, Mary Lincoln, sweetest, sweet- ^ „ Drufi Chain.. For sale by J. BRECK &CO.,
■ » • ' c. ' .. ......._. ApriUl

Diarrh(pa People need not be long troubled

with that disorder so generally prevalent at this
season, commonly known as the Summer, or Bowel
Complaint, when the certain remedy therefor may
be found on every man's dinner-table, in the shape | plough
of salt and vinegar. Two teaspooiifuls of the for- "'
mer dissolved in half a gill of the latter, and swal-
lowed at a draft, will in most cases effect an in-
stant cure. The second dose, if needed, will as-
suredly accomplish it. We are ready to give our
certificate to Dr. Pickle, in the premises, for we
witnessed the proof. Quot/ ernt dtmonslrandum —
which is as much as to say in Dutch, " it hasch been
tried." This recipe should be published annually
— every summer. — A''anluckel Inq.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in tl
form and workmanship of itiese Ploughs ; the mould bi-si
has been so formed as to lay the furrtno completely oot
turning in everij particle of grass or stubble, and tearing ti
ground in the best possible manner. The length of t|
mould board has been very much increased, so that tl
Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect
the holding and ihe team. The Committee al the late trt
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be aslted as to which of the Plougi
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light anil easy to ww
try Prouty & Mears, liul if your lajid is heavy, hard or rocl

UKGIN WITH Mn. HoWAHD's.''

At the above me!;f,oned trial the Howard Plough t-
more work, with the same power of team, than any oik
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlyso*
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draneht, while!
Howard Plough turned ticenti/nine and one Im/f inc'ica
the same power 0 f team ! All acknowledge llini Howar
Ploughs are much the strongest and must substuiilia
made.

There has been quiie an improvement made on the sh

or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed with

having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise seen

the mould board and landside together, and strengthens

ry much

GRKEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTER.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to8l3. A Ploii
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cosi nl. j
SiO 60, and with cutter Si, with wheel and culK
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retai^
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed ~
Nos. 51 61 62 North Market Street, by

JOSKPH BRECK &

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, su
for Fences or olher purposes. For sale by J. BREC
CO., No. 62 North Market si. April]

TO THE PUBLIC.

DR. CHARLES M. WOOD, Veterinari/ Sun
respectfully informs his friends and the public, that n9ig,
removed from Blossom St,, to 69 Carver St. All orden
at his house, or at ihe stable of Wm, Forbes, No. 7 Sad I"
St., will be promptly altended to, and gratefully acka
edged. All diseases of Horses, Cattle or Swine, are all ^
ed to. Also, castraling and spaying. _ '

For the information of those who may have occasio!
his services, and are unacquainted with his practice,! ,i|
polilely permitted to refer 10 the following gentlemeo'
have employed him for a number of years past.
Wm. Forbes, I Williams & Pearson,

Wm. .1. Niles, I Geo. Meaeham,

Joshua Seward, 1 S. K. Baylev,

J. B. Read, L. Moynarrf,

James F. Fnllham, Isaac Fosier,

Wm. P. Loring, Arteinas White,

Joseph C. Pray. 1 Brown & Sevrence.

Boston, April 28.

NEIV TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sale at the New England
lural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 61 and 62 Norll
ket street,

60U lh». TURNIP SEED, of the growih of 1841

July M. JOS. BRP.CK Sl

i "'

3f

est won't you wait for Bobby Lincoln? Satin No. 62 North Markei st.

NEW F. N G L A N 1) V .\ H M E R

A WEKKLY PArKR.

The Editorial department ofthis paper havini
into the hands of the subscriber, he ie now auin
by tho publmhers to inform the public that tho p«
iho pnpoi i« reduced. In future ihe terms will
a>x..>eai in advance, or $2 50 if not paid within '
^/. AM. EN PUTNi

JJ, B, — Poslinasturs aru required by law 10 frj
siibacriptiona and remittancea for ne'wapupers,
expense to subscriborii.

TUTTLE AWD DENNETT, PRI.NTERS.

n 0 R T 1 c u r. T u \i \ i. ii i: a i s t e r .

A N I)

I'UIILISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO 5S NOIiTH MARKET STREET, (Aohicultuiiai. WA««HOOii.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BosTo.v, wKnN'i'sn.w r.vr.NiNc, Auciusr i8. leii.

I NO. 7.

N. E. FARMER,

THK ECONOMY OF AOIIICUI-TURE.
There is no siibjecl li>ss unrteiploml nor more
encrally mistaken than lliis; nor any iiinrn csson-
ial to iliP prosperiiy ot" agriiiiltiire. Siitlicieril to
ffiinl matter for an entire treatise, it cannul be
Mibrnceil by « sliort clinptor. Bnt a short chapter
nay put minds upon the track, able to unfold iLs
nvoluiion'" with every branch of agriculture, and
Bore especially to disclose its value.

Diminutions of comforts, necessaries and ex-
icnse, are too ofien mistaken for the means of pro-
lucinj,' the ends they obstruct ; and the rapacity
rliich starves, frequently receives the just retribu-
ion of a disappointment, be^'otten by a vicious
node of avoidin;: it. From the master down to
he meanest utensil, the best capacity for fulfilling
he conlninplited ends, is invariably the best econ-
imv ; and the same reasoning which demonstrates
he bad economy of a .shattered loom, will demon-
trate the bad economy of a shattered constitution,
r an imperlect stato of body.- The cottagers who
flict upon theniselvca and their families the dis-
ODiforts of cold houses, bad bedding, and insuffi-
ient clothing, to acquire wealth, destroy the vigor
olh of the mind and body, necessary for obtiining
ne contemplated end, at which, of course, they
n never arrive. The farmer who starves his la-
mrers, is a s;ill greater sutTi ror. He loses the
Tofits produced by health, sircngth and alacrity;
nd suffers the losses caused by disease, weakness
tl dejection. In like manner, the more perfect
»e more profitable are working animals and im-
einerts, and every saving by which the capacity
"either to fulfil their destiny in the best iiiiuiner,
dimini.shed, terminates with certainly in some
ortion of liss, and not unlrequently in e.xtrava-
int waste. Even the object of manuring is vast-
affected by the plight of those animals by which
is aided.

A pinching, miserly system of agriculture may

deed keeo a fanner out of a prison, but it will

?ver loilge him in a palace. Great profit depends

I (Treat iinprovenifnts of the soil, and great im-

ovemenls can never be made by penurious ef-

rts. Tne discrimination between useful and pro-

ictive, and useless and barren expenses, contains

e a>.'ricult.ural secret for acquiring iiappincss and

ealth. A good farmer will sow the first with an

len hand, and eradicate every seed of the other.

Liborality constitutes the economy of agricul-

re, and perhaps it is the solitary human occupa-

in, to which the adage, " the more we give, the

ore we shall receive," can be justly applied. —

beraliiy to the earth in manuring and culture is

e fountain of its bounty to us. Liberality to la.

rers und working animals is the fountain of their

)fit. Liberality to domestic brutes is the foun-

n of iriaiiiire. The good work of a strong team

uses a profit beyond the bad work of a weak one,

er deducting the additional expense of feeding

; and it saves moreover half the labor of a driver,

^ ok ill fullowing a had one. Liberality in warm

houi-es, produces health, strength anil comlort; pre- |
serves tl.o lives of a miiltilude of domestic animals ;
causes all animals to thrive on less loud; and se-
cures from damage all kinds of crops. And libe.
rality in the utensils of husbandry, saves labor to a
vast extent, hy providing the proper tools for doing
the work bolh well and expeditiously.

Foresight is another item in the economy of ag-
riculture. It consistj in prepcring work for all
weather, and doing all work in proper weather, and
at proper times. The climate of the United States
makes the first easy, and the second less difiiciilt
than in must countries. Ruinous violations of this
important rule are yet frequent, from temper and
impatience. Notliing is more common than a per-
sistence in plowing, making hay, cutting wlieat,
and other works, when a suKill delay tuiglil have
escjpnd a great loss, and the labor employed to
destroy, would have been employed to save. —
Crops of all kinds arc oflen planted or sown at im-
proper periods or unseasonably, in relation to the
State of the weather, to their detriment or destruc-
tion, from the want of an arrangement of the work
on a farm, calculated for doing every species of it
precisely at the periods and in the seasons most
likely to enhance its profit.

A third item in the economy of agriculture is
not to kill time by doing the same thing twice
over. However laboriously at work, we are doing
nothing during one of the operations, and frequent-
ly worse than nothing, on account of the double
detriment of tools, teams and clothing. The loss-
es to farmers occasioned by this error, are prodi-
gious under every defective system of agriculture.
Shifts and contrivances innumerable are resorted
to for saving lime, by bad and perishalile work, at
an enormous loss of future time, until at length the
several fragments of tini'- thus destroyed, visibly
appear spread over a farm, in the form of ruined
houses, fences, orchards and soil ; demonstrating
that every advantage of such shifts is the parent of
many disadvantages, and that a habit of finishing
every species of work in the best mode, is the best
economy.

The high importance of this article of agricultu-
ral economy, demands an illustration. Let us sup-
pose that dead wood fencing will consume ten per
centum of a farmer's time, which supposition de-
v.tes about thirtysix days in the year to that ob-
ject: it would cost him five whole years in fifty.
If his farm aflorded stone, and his force could in
one whole year make liis enclosures of that lasting
material, he would save four whole years by this
more perfect operation, exclusive of the benefits
gained by a longer life, or transmitted to hia pos-
terity. If his farm did not furnish stone, as live
fences can be made « ilh infinitely less labor than
stone, his saving of time would be greater by rais-
ing them, but the donation to posterity less from
their more perishable nature. It seems to me that
the lime necessary to rear and repair live fences,
is less than one tenth of ill .1 consumed by those
of dead wood. Uy doing this article of work in a
mode thus surpassing the present miserable fenc-
ing shifts in use, our farmers would gain the enor-

moiiB protil of four years and a liaif in fifly. Time
constitutes profit or loss in agriculture, and niony
other employments. Such un enormous loss is it-
self sullicient to bankrupt the soil of a fine cuun-
try.

I have selected n few items merely to attract
the reader's attention to the economy of agricul-
ture, that his own sagacity may pursue tlie subject
beyond the limits assigned to these essays. It is
one higlOy necessary to all practical men, and
worthy of the minute consideration of the most,
profound mind ; nor do I know one exhibiting to
experience and talents a stronger invitation to
make themselves useful. — '^ Jlrator's" Eisays.

INDUSTRIOUS HABITS.

In these degenerate times, when indolence and
" genteel loaferism'' are so prevalent with a large
proportion of the community — especially with those
who do not feel the immediate nereasily for person-
al exertions lo procure a llveliht>od — it is gratify-
ing to notice occasional instances of industry among
men whose elevated station in society gives their
example an important intluence over all itlasses in
society. Here are two instances, which we find
going the rounds of the new8pa])er3 — instances
which we wish with all our heart were more fre-
quent than they are.

The Hon. IIknrv Clat, whoso long continued
public services and masterly eloquence have given
him an enviable name in all quarters of the civilized
world, in the course of some remarks in the United
States Senate a few days since, used tlie following
language : —

"Ills were not those lazy, luxurious habits of
eating dinners when he should be eating his sup-
per, lie was not much of a physician, but he
would undertake to say that if they would fi»llow
the practice adopted by himself, they would have
little lo fear from illness. Ho rose seldom later
than 5 o'clock ; he then took exercise, prineipally
on horseback, for an hour or an hour and a half;
he then made his toilette, took his breakfast, read
the newspapers, and was ready to go to work. In
connection with this, he always retired to bed at
10 o'clock ; seldom later. If his triends would
pursue this course, he would not only insure their
health, but would engage lo pay their physician's
bill."

The paragraph following is from the pen of the
HorL Isaac IIii.i., formerly a Senator from New
Hampsliire in the U. S. Congress — for some years
Governor of New Hampshire, and more recently
Receiver General of the public moneys for the
New England States.' Gov. Hill is now editor of
the " Farmer's Monthly Visitor," an agricultural
paper of the first rank, and also editor of the " New
Hampshire Patriot," a leading political newspaper
in thai Slate. Hear him, and follow his example :

"To save the time of our man to work in the
garden, we are on hand at five in ti.e morning to
drive the cows one mile and a half to pasture. Out
and back, it is three miles and occupies one hour.

50

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

Arc. 18 ! 41.

This hour is more pnititabic for refloclioii than an | first place the soil is mil naturally congenial l<i the
hour of (l(.zing over some book or newspaper he- j growth of a wheat crop, and a preparation of it
fore breakfast: it is a trrand exercise both of mind I will be attended with irrenter expense than most

and body. We gather the day's experience from
every man we meet who has the wisdom to rise
early: we are soothed with the carols of the robin,
the lark and other birds, whose early music is wast-
ed on the air while indolence is asleep. Ilettec-
tion has a jflorious opportunity ; and as we write
for two newspapers — for the farmer and the politi-
cian— we hope the early hours thus spent may
please our readers as much as it fills our heart
with gratitude to the Creator of such a world."
JVew Haven Famitr^s Gaz.

From the Boston Cultivator.

ON RAISING WINTER RVE.
Mr Editor — Ah winter rye, in many of the
towns of this State, is an important and profitable
crop to the cultivator, and as 1 have seldom seen a
communication on llie best mode of produciu;^ it in
your useful paper, I thou;,'ht I would offer a few
hints on the subject, growmg out of forty years' ex-
perience and ob>ervatioii made on the practice of
others.

Winter rvc will grow in many of our back towns
requiring but lilllo labor, and frequently a good
crop /nay be obtained without manure, and frequent-
ly tiie soil will be benefited by the operation of
plowing and harrowing, especially in old bound
out pasture laud. One great reasun why so many
have poor stinted crops is, that they sow their seed
at an iuiproper season ; and another is, that the
ground sowed is not properly prepared: almost
any kind of land will produce it, if not loo wet and
cold. I have seen fine crops grow on hard whor-
lli'berry hills, on sandy plains, and on the intervals
of our large rivers. The most numerous failures
of crops (in favorable seasons) I have witnessed,
have been owing to plowing and sowing too lute
in the season : it is not uncommon to see a man
plowing and sowing a hard tract of pasture land
as late as October or November ; — such a man
may have the promise of a blessing, but it will not
come in a crop of rye. Others commit a loss er-
ror by sowing tlioir seed in July, and if it should
not head out the first season, they stand a better
chance for a crop than the late sowers. Those
who raise the best rye on old pasture ground, plow
in June, with a good plough, turn small bushes,
grass and weeds all under, let the ground take the
beni'fit of the atmosphere until the twentieth or
laiit of August, then harrow thoroughly, sow the
seed half bushel or three pecks to the acre, then
harrow again till the ground is well pulverized,
and the seed well covered in the soil. 'I'hen fence
olT cattle, sheep, and every " creeping thing" that
will eat rye, aurl if there is a failure of a crop, he
will not have to bring his own negligence to ac-
count.

Now burnt lands, and lands under cultivation,
may be sown later, but if not sown hofiirc the mid-
dli; of September, the rye will nut fill so well. An
other advantage derived from sowing rye in Au-
gust, is the opportunity it gives the farmer of seed-
ing his land to grass at the same time, which will
benefit his pasture enough to compensate for the
exhaustion caused by the crop of rye.

Few farmers in this vicinity will attempt to
grow wheat under the discourogiiig circ.umstunces
which at the present time exist among us. In the

farmers will bo willing to incur, when the remu

neratiou will be so uncertain. In the next place,

eat flour is anri has been so cheap, and is like-

sides were unfit for mess or clear pork — too thi
and only fit for bacon. The first improvement wi
had was the little chunky China hog — a perfect
mass of lard — hams light and too fat — though thfr '"Z^
waste of offal was trifling. Tlie next we had wal^
the large Warren county hog, requiring years to

ly to continue so, that there is not much doubt but mature, and then coming to us of an enormoui _

— anal .,■

the farmer would realize a greater profit from hi
labor in the cultivation of rye than of wheat, on the
most of our soils.

A good crop of winter rye may be obtained from
soil where wheat under the same culture would not
pay for harvesting. I am confident that our soils
are destitute of some principle or property beside
lime, which is essential to the profitable cultivation
of wheat, and cither from want nf ekill or from our
situation in regard to the sea coast, or some pecu-
liarity of climate, or defect of soil, many far-
mers after repeated attempts have, for the want of
success, directed their eff'orls to the culture of crops
which promise tlieiu a better compensation. Still
I hope every able farmer will experiment upon his
soil, and discover, if possible, the ingredients which
are lacking, and supply them, and fit his land for
a profitable crop of wheat, and the public will con-
sider him among the benefactors of the agricultu-
ral art.

The above observations in regard to wheat, are
made with particular reference to a large propor-
tion of towns in the county of Middlesex.

mimingtun, Mass., JiityX, 1841. S. B.

(lJ=Rye may be raised on very poor land if it
be well tilled and sown as above directed ; but
wheat must have a rich soil. We think the pover-
ty of our soils is one great reason why we cannot
raise wheat to advantage. We must recruit them
by Cultivating grass and hay, and when they be-
come rich enough we may grow wheat if we please.

Crass seed should be sown with the rye in pas-
ture grounds by all means ; the clover seed, how.
ever, should not be sown so late as September; it
may be sown on the snow.

Lands are never made richer by taking off a
crop of rye without applying manures. The bush-
es in a pasture may bo killed, and more feed may
be obtained fur a year or two by ploughing, and
taking off a crop of rye.

'/hen grain is the prncipal object of the farmer

weight — great waste of offal — the hams too
and badly shaped, as was also the shoulder — andl
the sides, nevertheless of their great size, weraP
thin in proportion. They were still a great im^
provemcnt. The crosses of these and the Russii
and Byfield, in the hands of some of the more jiidl
cious breeders, produced a very excellent Img, a
we wlio were the purchasers, were anxious for a
improvement on the unprofitable woods hogs usuull
ly raised

Though as I have remarked, so long engaged ii
the business of packing, I had paid but liltle at
tention to the breeding of hogs, though alwayi "
keeping a few of the best I could find, on my farm
and improving them to the best of my ability. I{ '
was not until some of the part-bred Berkshires wen
brought to us from Butler and Warren counties
that 1 was struck with the great improvement the]
were, on any thing I had yet seen. The perfec
manner in which they were fattened — their extraor
dinary length of body, and the thickness of th<
side meat — their small, yet thick, fleshy shouldei

the great wei>;lil and handsome form of thei|

lianis — the great yield of lard, and little waste a
offal, either of inside waste, or head and bone

proved to me that they were a s etiiing entirel]

different and altogether superior to any other bred
within iny knowledge. On making further inqiii^
ry respecting them, 1 found them equally advauta
geoiis to the farmer and drover, as to the porki
packer. Prolific and easily kept; maturing early
and faitening kindly to as great weights as wcr<i
desiroble; stamping iheir own chararter strongly
on any other breed with which they might be cross-
ed ; and travelling well to any reasonably distantlLi
mark

I had before this been breeding hogs for sale,)
and seeing at a glance the great advantage it was
going to be to me in my packing business, to have
such a hog as the Beikshire in general use, 1 at
once eng.iged in it largely.

True it is that I cannot give up my fnrin ami my

e will be obliged to fence off that part of the I ,jpn,i,,j, ^^j capital, to the breeding of fine stock,.

field which he sows — but if his object is to enrich
his pasture land, and to double his feed, he need
not make any fence — his cattle may feed i>n the
rye — and it will furnish them with an early bite in
the spring. In this way he may make his lands
richer without the use of manure. — En. Cult.

I'rnni llic Western Farmer.

MEDIUM SIZED vs. LARGE IIOUS.
Mn EniTOB — You are aware that I am now, and

without a prospect of making money by it; bul
that was the secondary object I had in view,
pork-packing business was of the first impurtanci
to me. I saw and dreaded the efforts that wei
made to introduce an extremely lar^e hog inl(
Kentucky, for I had about this time transferred nv

j pork business to that Slate, and had gone to ver;

! "real expense in erecting an extensive estahlish-
inciit back of CoviiigUm, and intended making my
entire purchases in the State. We can mukr no
use in this market, ol animals weighing Irnm |(iO

have been ever since 1820, extensively engaged in | to (iOO pounds, even though they may be
pork-packing in this city ; and I feel th.-it I may I
without presumption, lay claim to not a little ex-
perience in the business. It is fully as uiucli to
my interest, and that of every one else engaged in '
curing pnrk for market, as the interest of the far- |
mer, that the very best breeds of hogs should be
scattered <iver the country.

When 1 first rntered into the business, the pork I
brought to UH was produced l'n>m the same misera.
ble race yet tu be found through much the greater
part of the West. It yielded us little lard, and the

A\ l":.t.

ted. A hog ol the proper form and quality of ;il,

that matures at ten or twelve months old, »•< t<~ to
fallen propi'rly, and then weighs fnim UOl) I ■ MI'O
[louiuls, is the sort for which we will give tln' Iiil.'Ii-
e>l price, because it yields us the greatest pmiit.
.\nd most assuredly it will also pay the farmer lo st.
We have no population lo supply, that will ciu-
Slime large, coarse, indiffercnlly cured meat. Oi
principal demand is for city and family use, bol
liere and in tin- cities of the south and east. 'I h(
hum is with us the most valuable part of the ho|

Vl>l.. \T. M>. J.

AND no U T I C I' 1. T U ii A I. R E G I S T E R ,

61

I ilu- icloliniy (if llinse ciircl in Cincinnati is
IT jjroal. Tins piirt niiift be licivy niiluiiit lio-
' \nTi;v — roiinil, tliiok nnil |>liiiii|> — lliii ([<•••]),
iij;li prinoi()»lly lenn, yet nurblod hi;Ii Tut. Next
llic hnin, the lard and side nienl yield lis the
latest return — the roriii'T must be nbundsnl in
intity and line.jjrnined ; winch never if the case
h any li <g until ho hax sonicuhut ninlurod : the
;er must carry its thickness tliroiiylniul, hamij^
thin tl'inky parts; and must be t'lit. And lust
rank tlie sliuuldtr and the jonl.
Many ol the llo:iton and Richmond dealers, and
se Iroiii the other citirs in the Kost .mil Suntli,
le here annually to have meat packed; they all
fer buch a hfg as I have described, and will
' no other if they con help it.
f'or my own part, and for my use for pnckinj, I
It neither an exlravajjanlly large hoi;, nor yet a
y small one. A hog that has to be fed two win-
1, never will pay first cost; if he can bo had of
icient siz.' without winterinfr at all, so much the
c profit. A sprin^j pig killed in the fill at ?00
nds nett, will evidently pay belter than if the
e hog had been kept over winter, and reached
second tall 500 lbs. nett.

have been speaking now as a pork-packer, not

breeder ; and what I have said, I say in all

perity. I have no desire to injure the business

my other breeder of improved hogs, nor to pre-

their continuing their improvements to as

a point as they please. But I do regret to

gentlemen of science and experience going

to a large, coarse hog, such as the Woburn,

Grazier, or Leicester, when they can procure

«d so infinitely superior — the improved Berk-

JOILN MAHARD, Jr.
ineinnati, JiJy 5, 1841.

!'..■ ibo .% . i:. I'urniFi .

•rUHMI'S AMt)Ni; COUN — AGAIN.
Mr I'lt'mam — Dear Sir — Yon ore riglit. There
tcan n mistake in my .VIS. By recurring to the

shingles, and clnpboard.n are to bo seen off his
buildings, month after month, wiihoul beinjf re-
placed, and Ins windows are full of rogn. He
feeds his hogs and horses with uhole grain. If
the lambs die, or the wool comes otV his shee]), ho

does not think it is for want of cure or food. He , , ,. , . ,■ ■ ■ ,

ia iTonornllu n ,rr.,.>i !,.,.,...„ 1 II I eoistlo ol iiiy correspoiitlcnt. I hiid ihnttlio avcrogc

IS generally a great borrower, and seldom returns i ,, ,, . . , • , „ i i , ,-

tin. ililn.r l,.,rr..>,<<.t II. i... I i i vicld, Bs Ihcrc Staled, wns »irf«//ir(f busliels ol com

tnt tiling borio»0(l. Ho is a poor husband, a poor ; ., . , , ., .. ,

hiil>..r n i.,..,i- .,>,i„i.i. .- . •.• 1 I to the slatiilo acre ; Ihn tame quunlily, precise y,

lather, a poor neiglibor, a poor citizen, and a poor,, , , . , , .1 .1 . j 1

christian bait Far ' "^^'"H '"•'''" harvested from the acre that produced

the iiinetysix buslicls of turnips, as from that which

produced only corn.

Nor do I think this an unusual result, except,

perhaps, in cases where the corn is planted close

CROPS.

'I'he wheat harvest, it may now bo coiifidcnlly
said, will yield more than iin average crop, not- together, and where the draft upon the vegetative
wilhstiuiding partial failures in Virginia, in I'enn- i powers of the soil is thereby rendered greoier, it

mtiy be, than it can bear. In such cases, the sow-

sylvania, and in this Slate. .Small parcels of the
new crop at the South have already come into mar-
ket, and have been sold for from 118 to 12.5 cents
a bushel. The product of the United States in
bread, corn and other vegetable food, is thus stated
in the recent census:
Bushels Wheat raised in the U. S,

Do.

Rye,

Do.
Do.

Indian Corn,
Oats,

Do.
Do.
Do.

Buckwheat,

Barley,

Potatoes,

ing of turnips, or, indeed, the adiiiixliire of any oth-
er vegetables, would be highly injudicious and ab-
surd.

But where the soil is in good heart and the corn

! planted in hills from three to four feet asunder, and

7(), 174,849 I free from weeds, we have every reason lo believe

SIGNS OF A POOR FARMER.

grazes his mowing land late in the spring.
of his cows are much pa.=t their prime. He
cts to keep the dung and ground from the sills
building. He sows and plants his land till
exhausted, before lie thinks of manuring. He
too much slock, and many of iheiii aie unru-
IHc has a place lor nothing, and nothing in its
If he wants a chisel or a hammer, he cun-
id iL He seldom does any thing in stormy
er, or in an evening. Vou will often, per-
hear of his being in the bar-room, talking of
imes. Although he has been on a piece of
wenly years, ask him for grafted apples, and

I tell you he could not raise them, for he
had any luck. His indolence and carelcss-
■jbjocl him lo many accidents. He loses ci-
r want of a hoop. His plow breaks in iiis
to gel in his seed in season, because it was
used ; and in harvest, when he is at work on
nt part of his farm, the hogs break into his
I, for want of a small repair in his fence. He
: f< els in a hurry, yet in his busiest day he
.ip and inlk till he has wearied your patience.
seldom Ileal in his person, and generally late

: worship. His children are late at school,
r books are torn and dirty. He has no cii-
aiid is sure to have no money, or if he
ave it, makes great sacrifices to use it ; and
fiack in his payments, and buys altogether
It, he purchases every thing at a dear rale.

II ste the smoke come out of his chimney
ler day-light in winter. His horse-stable
ally cleansed, nor his horse curried. Boards,

17, (m,(m

297,8.5,5,(JJ8

106,370,1.43

6,9.52,.32(!

3,848,149

101,981,439

From the data here furnished, i.'aking a fair al-
owance for the States and Territories not included
in the slatement, it appears that nearly four bush-
els and a half of wheal nie raised for each inhabi-
tant; of other grain, nearly thirty bushels to each
inhabitant ; and of potatoes, about six bushels and
a half to each inhabitant — making an aggregate of
fortyone bushels of grain and potatoes to each in-
habitant, including men, women and children, bond
and free. From such a surplus, it is obvious there
will be much ready for export, if any opening
should offer — JVeiv York .'Initrican.

Kidney Worms. — There is not now the slightest
excuse for any farmer allowing Ins hogs to die
Iroin this disease. In addition lo the testimony of
Drs. Kirtland and Martin, and of others who have
proved it, we can add our own : — a few days', or if
needful, a few weeks' feeding on corn boiltd in ley,
will cure almost any case of kidney worm. Where
the dragging of the hind (|uarters is occasioned by
this complaint, there is not a doubt but this will
effect a cure. The cruel process of cutting into
the flesh of the back over the kidneys, and poiirinc
in spirits if turpentine, even were it a certnin cure,
may thus be dispensed with — Southtni Plnvter.

that a tolerable crop of English turnips maybe
grown on the interstices between the rows, without
essential injury lo the corn.

Even if the corn should be somewhat injured,
the turnips would more than repay the djimage,
probably ; a;id in case of early frost, or the de-
struction of the corn by any other untoward cause,
they would ihen fill up the gap belter, and to a
much greater extent, than could be done in any
other way. Truly yours, H. I). W.

Windham, Me., Aug. 18, 1841.

In 1790, the wheat groivn in Great Britain was
only 14.0(0 bushels; in 18.30, the crop was estima-
ted at 100,000,000 bushels. This is about 24,000,-
000 more than all the wheat grown in the United
States at the last census.

New wheat has been contracted for at Roches,
ter, N. Y., at .<Sl per bushel. The price fer seve-
ral years, has been from 1 50 to $J.

The flnnest friendships have been formed in mu-
tual adversity, as iron is most strongly united by
the fiercest flame. — Lacon.

From the New Geneseo Farmer.

PRESERVING PORK.

Messrs Epitors — The following hints respect-
ing the preservation of pork, may be useful to some
of your readers.

It is generally the practice of farmers, I believe,
to scald their old brine, before putting it on their
pork ; and so absolutely necessary is it supposed
to be, by most people, that nothing short of the
price of their pork, would induce them to use their
old brine without first scalding it. Now, allow me
confidently lo say that the idea is erroneous, and
the practice entirely useless. If your old brine is
sweet and good, and has kept your old pork good,
depend upon it, it will keep the new. For what
possible reason is there lo suppose that brine which
will keep old pork, will not keep new also.' It
may be said that the brine is full of matter which
it has received from the old pork. True it is, and
therefore it cannot extract the best juices of the
new. — For right successive years I assisted in
putting down pork, and pouring upon it the same
brine, without being once scalded ; and the older
the brine, the sweeter and better was the pork. —
The brine was always sweet, and had plenty of
salt at the bottom. The pork was laid down in the
usual manner, with salt, and the old brine poured
back upon it. The advantages are, having belter
pork, besiiles a saving of labor and trouble.

P.

Relive the iinforlunale and you relieve yourself.

The most simple and perfect cure for the effects
of the poison from the sting of a bee, is to wet a
piece of indigo and rub on the spot — this will im-
mediately relieve the pain, if applied soon, and
prevent the swelling. The juice of a raw onion is
also said to be equally efficacious.

52

N E VV E N G I. A N D FAR M !•: R ,

AVG. 18. 1-^ II.

MR FRENCH'S FARM, nRAlNTREE.
Every reader of our cnliinins is familiar with tlic
namo of B. V. French, Esq., of Braintrco. 'I'liis
genlli-man is one of ihe most attentive friends of
both Horticulture and Asriculture. On Tuesdny
of Inst week, we enjoyed his hospitality and view,
ed his farm. Mr F. havinsr devoted many years to
mercantile pursuits in the city, procured a farm in
his native town, and is now investing- in the soil of
Braintree a portion of the profits of his former
trafficinfrs.

Should one ask us whether this rrentleman makes
farmini.' profitable, wc mijht reply, that v e asked
him whether ho conld sell his place for ns much as
his stone walls have cost him? He doubted wheth-
er he could ; and we doubt too. But notwithstaud-
injT our presumption that ho does not find the farm
a source of income, we are fully ready to iiive him
much praise ns un itnprovorof the soil and an ag-
riculturist.

The soil of tliat part of Braintrco in which Mr
F. resides, is clayey and rocky. After the many
larpe rocks are taken out, both soil and subsoil ap-
pear to be clay, well mi.xed with small stones : we
may call it clayey crave!. It is heavy and hard to
work, retentive and strong'. Great expense is re- |
quired for clrarinir and plowinir it. On one side
of the farm, Mr French has six contiguous fields of
from two to four acres each regularly and conve-
niently laid out, surrounded by most substantial
walls. This land, all of it, three or four years
since was in its natural state. Now the most of
it is well and smoothly laid down to grass, with
not a bush or stone to be seen. We are not aware
that th^re was any thing peculiar in the process of
subduing ; but one exp<>dient for draining deserves
niontinn, and in many places it can be profilably
imitated. The land has a gentle slope— and un-
der the wall is a trench three fet't deep, filled with
small stones, which pfTords a passage for the super-
fluous waters. The fertility of these retentive
lands is doubtless much increased by this kind of
drain.

The tilled land upon the farm is very free from
weeds, and the crops are luxuriant. We have not
seen better promise of corn in any field this
season, and the potatoes and ruta baga are the best
we have mot with. All bear the marks of gene-
rous manuring and g.iod care. The farm, except-
ing the six now fields above named, is richly stock-
ed with trees of the best varieties of apples and
pears. Many of them are at their best age, while
many more are beginning to bear. Those too ex-
hibit the marks of faithful attention and care. — In
the poultry yard we found the peaches and plums ;
here the borer and the curculio will find it difficult
to run Ihe gauntlet. — In the hog yards we found
about twenty pure Berk.shircs ; and whatever may
be the merits of them when aubji-cted to the knife,
we certainly never before saw an equal number of
swine at any one pl.ce, of as great beauty as these
possess. Well supplied with soa-weed and muck,
they were busily porforuiing the labor required of
them. — In the barn, which has bcini recently re-
paired, we found the arrangements for the cattle
uncommonly airy and comfortable; — beneath the
necks of the cattle, instead of a timber in which to
fix the poles for the tie-up chains, we found a plank
trough, about six inches s(|uare, and at each crib a
hole was left uncovered, of sufiicienl size for the
admission of the nose of the cow ; this ia the wa-
tering trough. Tlie idea of having water where
the cows can drink at their pleasure, is one that

deserves attention. Th'-re can be little doubt that
cows in milk will be mui;h benefited by this ar-
rangement.— In the pasture we found eight cows,
generally bearing the marks of good milker.^, and
all showing that they are well kept The milk is
sold at the house. — The toed houses were the pla-
ces most remarkable about ihe premises, and which
surpns'sed all that we liave seen elsewhere. They
contain samples of nearly every kind of agricultu-
ral implement. All are in their places and in
good condition. Order and neatness pervade the
whole ostablishmeiil.

Ilorliciilture and floriculture are sufficiently at-
tended to, for producing all the desirable fruits and
flowers.

One who frees the hard and bushy soil from its
obstructions to the plow, and wlio makes tons and
scores of tons of hay grow where rocks and bushes
held full posse.ssidii, erects a monument to his own
enterprise; renders himself a public benefactor,
and may well take pleasure in the conquests he
has made.

But while we name our host of the day as one
whose example does good to the cause of agricul-
ture, we cannot forget that hundreds are ready to
say this man of amplo means cannot be copied by
the poor man; if common farmers tread in his steps,
they will soon be ruined. This may be true ; and
yet common farmers may be benefited by hi.^ do-
ings. Our thoughts upon this point sometimes
run. thus: — Gnxlkmni faruurs are often sneered
al by the worlicrs ufion the soil. These men of thf

plo

Mirc; :iud finds much of his pleasure in trying:.J
new ilinii,'s, and in adopting modes which he knows :)!|
as well as you do, will not be profitable in n pe- .
cuniary point of view. Let him gratify his taste ;
and whin his modes of doing things give you a
valuable hint, make use of it gladly and thankful-
ly ; but wherein ho imkes farming a too costly
operation, avoid copying his processes. |;

PRESERVATION OF THE FERTILITY OF i

SOILS. [

To the Editor of ihe Farmer's Register ; «

Nothing can be more important to the interest |
of agriculture, than a correct understanding of the I
means by which the natural fertility of soils may t
be preserved, and such as have been deteriorated f
by injudicious husbandry may be renovated. Vou »
have rendered a very important service to the most >
useful of all sciences, by your Essay on Calcaro- I
ous Manures. I propose in this letter, to moke •
some desultory remarks upon the same subject ;
and shall be much g-atificd if 1 shall bo able to
throw the smallest light upon a question of so
much interest

Sir 11. Davy, in his Agricultural Chemistry, says,
" the earths, and even the earthy carbonates hava
a ccrtiin degree of chemical attraction for many
of Ihe principles of vegetable and animal substan-
ces." That, '-in most of the black and brown
rich venetable moulds, the earths seem to ho in
combination with a peculiar extractive mntler. af.

forded during decomposition of vegetablis. In
striped froik .suppose thai they are the masters of j (||p extract quoted by you at page 30, he seems to

the art of husbandry, and that the fine broadcloti
coat covers the hack of only theorisers and ignora-
muses in agriculture. All this is perfectly natu-

place the chemical energy of alumina and i-arbou
atp of lime, in preserving putrescent maniirrs, up- '
on an equality. I concur with you, that the pow- •

ral, and the supposition is partly, at least, correct i p^s of attracting and retaining these manures, pos- i
The hard working man, who has for years been a Lessed by these two earths, differ greatly in force. •
busy tiller of the soil, understands well the proces- I jaiiinjT for granted that carbonate of lime has a

scs of tillage which are common in his neighbor-
hood, and generally knows how to plan so as to |
make both ends of his accounts meet But he
generally goes in a beaten track ; he learns noth-
ing which others have not long known, and he im-
parts no information to th>; agricultural community.
He may be a worthy man and a good farmer. But
he is less likely to make valuable discoveries in
agriculture and horticulture, than is the man of
property and taste, — the gentleman farmer — who
often incurs expenses which the farm does not re-
pay— who often tries experiments — who derives
pleasure not less from learning liow a new theory
will work in practice, than from a profitable crop.
This class of men arc public benefactors; their
successes and their failures are watched by the
neighbors, so that farmers of limited means got at
the results of experiments without being obliged
to incur the expenses necessary for making them.
Now what we ask of the common farmer is, that
he do not ridicule Ihe pentlcmnn farmer. He may
be well satisfied that the theoriscr, the schemer,
the experimenter, is expending many a dollar for
which he will never get back nine-peiu;e ; he may
be convinced that it would not do for him or for
his poor neighbors to farm in the same way ; but
it does not follow from this that the man of prop-
erly may not be gratifying a laudable desire to
gain and to impart new and valuable knowledge of
ihe Kcienco and art of agriculture ; it does not fol-
low that he should be ridiculed, and that his jud,'-
ment as a I'arner should be hold in contempt, lli.s
purposes and yours may be different ; you arc farm-
ing to gel a living or make money ; he farms for

i«l

a very powerful chemical energy in aitractiiiL' and
retaining those elementary I'rinciples wbich art
the appropriate food for plants, and that the olhei,
earths and earthy carbonates po.^sess this powei *
only in a slight degree it will readily appear whj ;'
soils destitute of lime, in any state of combination "*
"cannot be improved durably or profitably by pm Jl
trescenl manures, without previously making lhen(
calcareous.'

In a state of nature, soils are enriched inainljj Si
by the dccoinposilion of vegetable mailers on thi n
surface of the earth. If these Hereto undergo I Wf
rapid decomposition, a considerable proportion ol ti
the elements, constituting the appropriate food a| ^
plants, would escape in the form of gas, and cool 'P
se(piently be entirely lost. And hence, if th
growing vegetable had derived its nutriment alto
gether from the soil, it would restore much les.
ihan it had extracted for its nourishment; ai»^if;
would exhaust instead of increasing its ferlilit'
Hut in general, the decomposition of vegetab IJ
matter, on the surface of the earth, ia so very slo
and gradual, that but little loss occurs from thi [ni
process. And as vegetables derive much of thei")
nutriment from their atmosphere, the quantity
vegetable food restored to the earth, by their t!
compositiim, commonly greally exceeds that whiei Kid
ha.s been drawn from the earth for their susleuano^Iil
In a state of nature the entire \egclnble growth
lell upon the noil. When this dies, and falls up< *f(
the earth, it becomes subject to the effects of del <ti
and rain. These, before decomposition can tail tut
place, draw off from the vegetable matter an el
tract, which is thus carried down into the soil, ai

' I fti

V(ll.. S t. X<>. 7.

AND 11 () R T f C U L T V K A L R IC G I S T K 11

53

ily llio more fibroin pnrts rpinain cm the mirfnco
I iinilorjii slotr (IccoinpDSitluii. And tlim also, '
hen c.'iivprtPii into mould, pivos (int nn oxlrnct li>
lin wnUT, and is ihwa cnrriod down into llio soil,
houiih til It part of vogetsblo mould, which llcr- ,
'litis terms cfi/if, is dirrclly biit sli>;htly gnlnbl-' ;
1 water, yot it has boon domon'itratcd by Tli. de
tussiiri> that the three constituent principles of.
?gcl.>ble mould "may be converted iho nno into)
lO oilier, under the ulti-rnaleiy prepondemliosj in- i
Lience of air and water." Thus vegetable extract,
irbiMiaceous mould and (reino may all, by the in- ,
jence ol" air and water, be rendered soluble and
5 carrii-d down into the earth. Tlio extract of;
;gctable mailer, mould and seme, which thus [
ingles witli water hnd descends with it into lli'? |
)il, IS so slightly combined with it, that the earths
id e.irtliy carbonates, having a stronger attrac-
on for it, will draw it off from the water anil fix
in the soil. But these earths and earthy carbon -
les (if there be no Inne present) will soon become
tturaied, and conso<iuenlly can draw no more of
lese ingredients from the water. The quantity
food for vcgelabli's laid up in store in the soil.
ould seem to bo limited to the amount which it is
pable of retaining in a state of combination. This
not great when lime, in some form of coinbina-
in, is not present, but very considerable when it
Tins a CMiiponcnt part of the soil. Hence the
eat difference in the capability of improving by
gctable and putrescent manures, soils which
ve nn.l which have not lime as one of their in-
edieiit-', in some form of combination. When
8, destitute of lime in any state of combination,
come completely saturated with those fertilizing
■•ments which cons'itiite the food of plants, it
lit be supposed the remainder would continue
ited with the water by which ihey were carried
n into the soil. This would be true if there
Bre any chemical attraction in thr; earths to fix
d retain the water in combination with them,
til lb-? vegetable food could be drawn off by the
ongclets of the growing plants. But such is not
fact. Water will rise to the surface of the
rth, whence it will bo carried off by evaporation
d the absorbing power of the atmosphere. Rut
cannut carry with it the vegetable extract with
ich it was combined. The experiments made
Sir II. Davy upon grasses, as detailed in his
.rricul'.ural Chemistry, show that tiie extractive
Iter is always left as a residuum, upon boiling
: decoction. .Mlhough water may bring back
tlie surface of the earth such portions of the
getahle extract as may not have been drawn
m It by earths, having a stroiijer attraction for
than the water, yet it cannot bo carried off by
ap'iralion or absorption, and consequently it will
left at or near the surface of the soil. This de-
site of vegetable extract is one of the iiauses
ly vegetable mould is most abundant at or near
> surface of soil.s, and assists in producing " the
ick and brown rich vegetable mould," in which
ivy siys "the earths seem to be in combination
til a peculiar extractive matter afforded during
; d-'cornposition of vegetables." Hence there
luld seem to be a continual accumulation of geine
d other vegetable matters at and near the sur-
:e, so long as the quantity of such matters fur-
hed by decaying vegetation exceeds that which
_s consumed by the growing plants. In the
ur-ie of time, this accumulation of ve^etablo inal-
ai the surface of the earth, would become very
eat if there were no means of carrying il off. —

In calcareous soils there is a chemical airoiicy,
which excrtx great energy in retaining.' iiiid cmiliii.
ing this siiperabund'inco of vegetable food, so that
the accumulation becomes very considerable. But
in soils which are de^litiiie of ralc'ir<'oii« earth, no
such considerablt accumulalions are foiiml. This
is probably owing in pari to the nature of the vcgo-
tdblo growth, which may bo incapable of drawing
much of Its food from the atmosphTO. and conse-
quently the decaying vegeiation may furnish no
more vegetable matter to the soil than it drew
from it for its own noiirisliiiient. But as exhaust-
ed lands, even in the poorest soil, when suffered
to grow up in timber, are found to increase slowly
in fertility, il follows as a necessary consequence,
that in the course of time there would In- a consid-
erable accumulation of vi^gelable matter on the
surface of the soil, unless soiiio agency is at work
to carry off the superabundance. What that agent
is, and what are the best means of counteracting
its effects, is an important inquiry. Fmm the ten-
or of your "Essay on Calcareou.s Manure.s," it is
obvious you suppose the effect is produced by cer-
tain vegetable acids neutralizing any lime which
may formerly have composed one of the ingredi-
eii'softhe soil, and then combining with geine
and other vegetable products, and thereby rendi^r-
ing them unfit for vegetable food for the morn use-
tiil plants. If your vii'ws on this subject are cor- j
rect, it would seem to follow that th 're is in fact i
no loss of vegetable food from the want of a soil
to tix and retain it, but that it is only rt-nlored in-
efficient in consequence of its combimiion witii i
certain acids in the soil. And it would seem that i
if it were all retained in combination witli acids, '
by the application of a due proportion ofcarhoiiatc
of lime the acrumiilaled food of plants would im-
modiitely become available, and the soil here-
stored to the highest deL'rO':> of fertility of which it
was capable. Tiiese views arc very encouraging
and you have sustained them by such proofs and
illustration^ as to render them extremely prcdjable.
The recent discovery of geine or humin, and the
acid found under certain circumstances by the com-
bination of oxygen with this base, seems to prove
that the existence of an acid in a soil is not always
prejudicial to the growth of useful vegetation. Pro-
fessor Rennio. as quoted in your Essay, says "hii-
mic acid, however, which I may remark is not sour
to the taste, readily combines with many of the
substance.s found in soils and manures, and not on-
ly renders them, but itself also, easy to be dissolv-
ed in water, which in their separate state could not
take place. In this way humic acid will combine
with lime, potass and ammonia, in the form of hu-
inatC't, and the smallest porticm of these will render
it soluble in water and fit to be taken up by the
spongelets of the root fibres."

He farther remarks, " It appears to have been
from ignorance of th" important action of the hu-
mic acid ill thus helping to dissolve earthy matters,
that the older writers were so puzzled to discover
how lime and potass got into plants." Professor
Rennic says hnminor{iii called by B'Tzelius) g'eine,
is composed of carbon and hydrogen, and the addi-
tion of oxygen to this base to form humic or geic
acid. This, I apprehend, can no more render it
poisonous to plants than tlie addition of oxygen to
carbon, thereby forming carbonic acid, can render
that substance prejudicial to the growth of vegeta-
tion. This acid, so far from being prejudicial, is
the principal source of the supply of food for vege-
tables from tlie ntmosphere.

Ber/.nliiiH Hays that "the carbonaceous mould,
winch changes II part of the air [Rtmosplivn.') into
carbonic acid, is itself changed by iho nir Into
geine and into tlio extract of mould ; and il m up-
on this transformntion thai appeurH to depend, in
part, the advnnta:;es derived from the tillugc of tlie
soil, which is divided by the ac;lion ofllie plow and
exposed to the Immediate influence of the air."

EInhof has ascertained that gcino, in acid soils,
is combined » itii phosphoric and acetic acids; and
Do Pontin, il is said, has also found it combined
with the malic ncid. These aiitliorilies are abun-
dantly sufficient to prove that geine is found in a
state of combination with a variety of acids. Som«
of these combinations are found nol to bo prejudi-
cial to vegetation of the most useful kind, but in
some of its combinations it may only suit tho
growth of vegetables of an acid character, as you
have shown in your Essay on Calcareous Manures.
There is a point beyond which soils cannot be
permanently enriched, without an improvemi'nt of
their constitutional organization, which may be
done by supplying those ingredients of a good soil
which are deficient, such as clay, where sand ii
too predominant, and carbonate of lime, where
that is deficient, &c.

But without a change in the constitnlional or-
ganization of the soil, we cannot hope to carry its
fertility, peimanenth/, beyond what it had acquired
in a state of nature. Soils which have been re-
duced by cullivatinn, wlide lliey have not been in-
jured by washing rains, may be easily renovated.
This must be done by again supplying ihem with
those fertilizing in'jrredients of which they have
been deprived by bad husbandry. This may be
accomplished in part, by the application of manure ;
but it is to the atmosphere we must look as the
great storehouse whence we are to draw the neces-
sary supply of vegetable food. To this end, those
irrecn crops should he freely cultivated, which de-
rive most of their food from the atmosphere. In
soils adapted to it, red clover is the most siiitable
for this purpose. It is by fir the most convenient
and the cheapest method of renovating exhausted
soils. It not only supplies a groat deal of vegeta-
lile matter to soils that have been much reduced,
but it is admirably calculated to pulverize and re-
duce its component parts to a finely divided slate,
and thus to produce a condition favorable to a com-
bination with tliose elementary principles which
are furnished by the atmosphere; and also greatly
increases its capacity for absorbing moisture. Care
should be taken also to suffer as few weeds to ri-
pen their seed.s as possible. These, previous to
the time of ripening their seeds, derive nearly the
whole of their nutriment from the atmosphere. By
destroying them before they seed, nearly their
whole product of vegetable matter is a net gain to
the soil. Exhausting grain crops should be spar-
inijly cultivated till the soil is completely renova-
ted, and then should bear only such a proportion to
the green crops as the soil will bear without dete-
riora'lion. Il should be a fixed principle never to
suffer the soil to deteriorate, for as it costs as much
to cultivate a soil producing only half or two thirds
of a crop, as if it produced a full crop, it is perfect-
ly clear that it is the interest of the cultivator to
keep his land always in good heart Besides, it is
less difficult to keep land in a state of fertility than
to renovate it after it has been exhausted by care-
less husbandry. But it is lime to bring my desul-
tory speculations to a close.

A. BEATTY.

64

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AVa. 18, IR4I.

AXn HORTICULTURAL UtGISTF.R.

6 at-Tr.6 planted, al ^20,
3 do. snwpd, " 10,
15 do. in grass, ** 2 2

Boston, Wednisdav, Aucdst IS, 1841.

IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE.

How rnn oik farmers obluin the best relurn f<ir the
oipenspB of culti%iition ? How ran their |iursiiit b(i riTi-
dered most hicnilive ? Tliesc are questions wliicli innny
are compelied to ask, and which thny wouhl ghidly
have answered. No general reply can be made whicli
will admit of appiic.ition in all cases. .\rid yet it is not
diflir.ult to furnish some views whicli ninsl farmers
would do well to regard. Though many of our coni-
iniin farmers are now nccu.<tomed to read and think
much in rehilion to their pursuit, there yet are more
who rcguliirly go the rounds in wliich their fntliers mov-
ed, seeking no now light and making no i.aprivcment.
To all such we woulil soy, take some agricultural peii-
ediral, and read it. Hut wlit-n you read, make use of
your common sense and sound discretion. The paper
will cnniaiii many things that you should not put entire
confidence in ; it will give advice which yon are not lo
follow; it will give you imperfert and unsatisfactory
etatement«; but, mingled vviih much that is mt worth
a second thought, you will find many statements and
hints which can be lurned to pood n''Count. Separate
the chafi from the wheat for yourselves. Do this, and
you will find wholesome food. Learn how others farm,
and compare their methods with your own, for it must
be tli.it you will now and then learn tli.it some man in
some parts of his ftirmin;; operations, has modes of pro-
ceeding wliich you will find it for your inlenst to adopt.
You are not wiser th:ui all others. A^ricultur.il read-
ing need not do you any harm — it may do you much
good.

Another means of improvement to which some are
BOW resorting, is the formation of town agricultural so-
cieties fur the purpose ol weekly or monthly discus-
sions. From these small local societies, we anticipate
more benefits tli;in from the rouniy, Slate or national
associations. There the minds of the actual tillers of '
the soil, will he roused to idisi'rvation and reflection.

An improvement may bo efTecled on many firms by
diminishing the quantity of land that is annually tilled.
Take, for instance, a small farm which contains, besides
its pasluri'S and woodlands, 2'1 acres that are in tillage
and cultivated grasses. Suppose that 6 acres arc plant- [
ed to corn, potatoes, roots, &r. ; that 3 acres are sowed |
to English giain ; and that 15 acres are in grass. On
this farm it is customary to plant land that is broken up,
two succ-'ssivc years, and then sow upon it grains and |
grans seed. The usual quantity of m.Tnure to the acre
on the planted ground is 4 i-ords. This land will yield
at the rale of JO bushels, or $30 worth of corn, and $10
worth of stover. The crop, whether of corn, potatoes
or roots is worth .$40 per acre. On each acre of gniin
the crop is 20 bii'hels, or $15 worth of grain and $7
worth of straw. The hay from an acre is one ton, or
$12 worth—

C acres planted, will produce at $40, $240

3 do sowed, " ■' at 22, 6e

15 do. in grass, " " at 12, 180

$186
N.iw, leaving out of the Tccnoni the interest of land, the
worth of manure, the wear Jind tear of tools, Ac Ac,
wo will soppoao the labor and ejpenie required for
icedmi!, phinting, tilling and harvesting the crop on
each plantfd aere is $20 ; on each sowed acre, including
seed and threshing, $10; on each acre in gross, $2 25.
We have then in th- se items of cost —

This sum, siihslracted from ;

$183 75
leaves .$302 25.
These csiimates, though they leave unnoticed many of
the Items of ixpeiiso, and are not to be regarded as helps
in determining the absolute profit or loss in fanning, are
yet believed to be quite near to I he facts on many farms
d few miles b.iek from the city.

We wish to determine whether the same amoijut of

manure may not be so applied on these farms as to give

a more profitable rpturn. Ami for this purpose wc will

make .some further suppositions — Let 9 of the 24 acres

be tumid out as pasture land. Let 3 acres be planted

and 1 1-2 acre be sowed. N"w, the quantity of manure

on the acre maybe doubled; we will apply 8 cords.

As the crops will be increased, the expenses, especially

those of harvesting, will be increased. Lot tfio tilled

or planted land require 25 dollars per acre — the sowed,

eleven — the grass, two and a half dollars. The cost

then will be —

3 acres planted, at 25 dolls. $75 00

1 1-2' sowed, at 11 " 16 50

10 1-2 ' ill grass, at 2 511 26 25

$117 75
The crops we suppose inny now be, on the planted
land, GO bushels ur 45 dollars worth of corn and 12 and
a half dollars worth of stover — or other produciinns
worth 57 and a half dollars per acre. The sowed land
may yield 30 bii.-liels or 22 and a half worth of grain,
anil 10 dollars worth of straw. The grass Ian. I should
give 1 12 ton or 13 dollars worth per acre. The 9
acres turned out should be worth as pasturage 3 dollars
each. We have then —

3 acres, planted, at $57 50, $172 50

112' sowed, at 32 50, 48 75

10 1-2' in grass, at Iri 00, 1H9 00

i) ' in pasturage, at S3, 27 00

$437 25
Taking from this SI 17 75, there is left a balance of
S319 50. In the foimercase we had n balance of 8302 25.
The difFi rence between these gives 817 25 in favor of
putting 8 cords of manure, instead of 4 cords to the acre.
Another fact of much consequence is here disclosed.
By ih- process first described, the labor and seed co.-t
S183 75; in the latter case they cost only SI 17 75:
tJiis Utier and smaller outlay, gives an income greater
than the other by 817 25. Consequently the double
manuring diminishes the amount of lo-s in tliose sea-
sons when the crops fail.

Each reader, we presume, will modify our supposi-
tions so as to fi; them to the usual expenses ami usual
crops on his own lands and those of his neighbors. In
some places the balance may be found on tho other
aide, but we doubt whether it often «ill in this vicinity.

Tliero are difficulties in the way of makinglhe change
complete at once, i^liould the 9 ncres be forthwith
opened to the cows, the crop of hay would come short.
Tins we know, and we should advise the turning out of
only a small part of this at first, and increasing the quan-
tity from lime to time, as the remaining lands were
broujrlit up in fertility. Each man can judge from year
to year how it is best to proceed. Our o'lject is not lo
advise in regard lo the details, b'ui merely lo present ilis-
tinctly the queslion whether it is not more profitable to
till less land trell manured, than lo distribute the ma-
nure so widely that all the cups miisi be smull.

MASS llOKTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

At a meetina of ihe Society held August 7lh, 1&41 —

Voted, That it is exprdirnl lu have an u.xhi'jiiion of
Fruits and Flowers — and the f dlowingCommiitees were
choBi n to carry the same into elfect : —

Committee of General Arrnnfrements — Messrs Samuel
Walker, Joiia. Winship, L P (irosvenor, M P. \\ ild-
••r,J. Siicknev, J. J. Low, J. L. Kussell, R. T. Paine,
C. M. Hovey. J. E Teschem.aclier, Otis Johnson, Da-
vid Hag^erslon, Win. H Cowan, K Manning, J. M.
Ives, Geo. IJrown, Ci.eever Newhall, Jos Breck, Win.
McLelUn, W. Kenrick. S. R Johnson, S Suerter, P.
B. llovey, J L L. F. Warren. J A. Kenrick, Wm. E.
Carter, J W. Russell, Rufus Howe, S Pond, J. llovey,
h. Bowdiirli, Wm. B. Kin;;sbnry and Augustus Story.

Sjitciul Committee to decorate the Halt and to take
eharife of the tritits and Fioicers — Messrs Sain'l Walker,
Wm. Oliver, B. V French, J. L. L. F. Warren, P. B.
llovey and Augustus Siory.

Commi'tee to make Rrport of the Fruits, Flatters and
Ke»-p<aW«»MJa//!(«(/— Messrs >^ani I Walker, B.V. French,
J. L. L. F. Warren and I'. B llovey.

Attest, E. M. RICHARDS, Ret. Secry.

(CrThe Commiltee of Arrangements will meet at Ihe
Society's room on Satuiday neil, 21st inst , at half past
11 o'clock, A. M. A punctual aiteiidance ol the mem-
bers is requested. Per order,

SAM'L WALKER, CAm».

Miissachuaefta Ilorticiiltiiral Soclecy.

tjHiBiTio.t or n.OWKRS.

Saturday, Jlug. 14.

From S. R. Johnson — a fine display of Cidna Roses,
including the varieties Amie VibrrI, (a fine uhiie.) Ue
Arcole, Noisette la Mark, and a sph ndid cluster of
Noisette (Madame de Prez,) with more than forty buda
and flowers.

From (,'a[it. Macondry — fine Dahlias.

From Aliss Sunint r — Bouquets.

Fiom J. L. L. F. U arren — Bouquets and Dahlias.

From S. Sweotscr — Bouquets and Dahlias.

From Hovey &. Co — Bouquets.

Fiom Parker Baines — Dahlias.

From Sam'l Walker — fine large Bouquets, and Plilni-
ea of different sorts, including a fine seedling from W.
Richardson, the heautilul white seedling raised by W.
K. Carter, called Harrisoniu, Phlox decussata, which we
think the very best of Whites, and other fine sort* ;
Dracocephalum repens.

From U. E. Colling — Native flowers, including Lobe-
lia cardinalis, Lythrum verlicilloium, and other fine
sorts.

From M. P Wilder — Liliuni Lancifoliuni album— one
of the new Lilies imported from Japan into Cicrmany,
by Dr. Van Siebold. On two spikes there wi re eight
expanded flowers and ten buds : it is, in our estimation,
a superb plant. W« noticed some fine specimens of
Dahlias of tho newly importod varieties; also, some
fine flowers ol the old ones.

From J. Slickney — Dahlias.

From J. H. Hovey — a fine specimen of Gladiolus flo-
ribiindus.

From Messrs Winship — Bouquets and several rare
cut flowers.

In some of the stands there were good specimens of
Dahlias, but ihe season has been very unfavorable lor
perf'ct flowers, unless considerable pains have been lak
en to water, &c. For the Committee,

JOSEPH BRECK.

EXHIBITION OF FRUITS.

Saturday, ."iug. 7.

Tho specimens of fruit exhibited at the rooms today
were niimorous, and many of them very fine

The choice specimens of Black Hamburg Grapos, by
Otis Johnson, Esq , of Lynn, attracted much notice, and
were will worthy of it

E Breed, Esq , of ('hnilcstown, exhibited the mo^i
aplendiil Peaches that have been shown lor some len^ili
of lime. They measured from 8 1-2 lo 10 inches in cir-
cuiiiferonce, and weighed from 6 1-2 lo 7 1-2 oz each.

J. A. Kenrirk, Nowlon, ezhibiitd good spociinons of
the Apricot — out of door cultivation ; als >, Early Scar
let Cherry Plum, and Belle Magiiifique Cherry.

From J. Lovell, Beverly, a haiidsonie siiniiiiHr appla,
but without 0 name. Also, ipecimens of White Wbur-
tleberricB.

VOL. XX. .\0. 1.

A .\ D H O R T I r: l: I. '1' U K A L R E G I S T E R

ryfi

.•IV, M 1". \Vil,I.T, K><| ,.
I uf llip Apriciil— out (III

Th- r.iMilint of 111- S.
hit>ili'U Tt'ry fine ii|Heiiiii
culiiv.illnn.

■Mr Wloilun'. Rngburjr, exhibited >prciinpn< of Clicr-
rioi. nninii unknown.

KniMi .Mr Hrigli.iin, Uoainn, Aprirola — vrrv fiir.

Mr .Mnniiidry, l)nri-he>|pt, c.\liiliilud very fine Sihi-ri-
■n Out) A|i|>li-«

From J. Ilwvi.y, Rmliurj, Karly llsrveKi Ap|il.'»—
rerv finr rpvciincnu.

Mr Tli.ivi'r ••xliiliii..d ihc fruit i.f tlu' lligli Bl.i. kher-

No. I fj ii.i. I'.irk
• i:i on. lliiin<--i\

TIIK I \.NKKI( WIIK^I.

mo. l.nrd-UoKliin 9 c ufr III — Suullu'rn. H In tl t-'J Wnrin ' " « ■ni»»r

ullcr— Lump l3lii2-2-Kirkin I'ilo lH-.SIii,i,,i„^ S lu |.,. Thi. «iiI,»,t,i,.., l.n... ,

ll.AV. p.-r 111,.. ti8loi,.-l.:.s,„„ Scrt.;.'.l *13 In 1 „,!„;" V.^J^^^^^

CHKK.-SK -OKI 11 c-.\fws. .n ,.r TLl a ' ^ <l.p,.Mi,i„, „„ „^, |„iii,i,„d

l-;<;(iS. 14 a IG. " ,"[ 'T 'il "'«'•"'';'>{ "'"' iiiipr..viMiunu i.: p„ri«,il) li..

niarkcl fnrlhlH ariicic h,., not c,,«.r,oii.o,l I ', Mn'rliili ."m"!! .n, ,1 'l'''J 1''' ^''T""-,"' "'<■' '"'". "c,

10 I'ulleil Wool i, riulicr «c..rc,-, .i..l iIht.' I .,,,Z t^.' 7 r' ' k .' ''".^'"•'"f "". >"■"!?'• ■ ""'•

upniy of liivv l.-|e..c» „i„l „( fiiio Klo...-.., ,1 o ." . t 7., ' , J ZJh .,!"!." »i"' '' ""'' '"T I'""''-

.Irmte. I'nmo or SnxiMiy 1-Ic..rc., wiishcl, fr.',,, j,. * " »"'""'' " » ""'"'•'e dmance

WUOI.— The mnrkel fnrlhln nrliclc h.i
any cliiiii'je of hue
is liiitnliinilp.i
•lurk i* alsnni

111. 50 l«6S t:.--Aiii('rii'un lull I'Inoil, wnshrit. 47 to oo~l)o
■'i lildcul, wathpil, 35 lu

ry w Inch be cultivates ill hid f^.irilcn Tli- fruit iilirnrt- ' 3 4 hloml, wnnhed, 44 i<i46-Do _. _., ,„

id iiuiili noticf from iIk larg" and lii-auiifiil apiieariiicu. -lu — 1 4 and coinmnn dii, 3.j tn 37— Smyriij Slipep, wi'ishcil"
KiiMii S HmiiH, C'inibrldiei'port. Knrly llnrvusl Apples. . 2" to 2-*— l)n. uiiwaiihoil, 10 to 14— lleiii;;iM Sliceu.'n to lii--'

A. 1). Willi.inis. Ksi)., Kiixbuiv, •'xliibued Hgnin lodnv, ' "" '•— -'■-'

ipecimens of K. d '^

and ih
bpen gi-nc-

nd \\ hill' turranis
which %vere •'xhihilo i t'>djy by Air VVilliai
ixhibitrd by him on formir occasions, liav
'ally adniiitod to be the finest oior shown in New Eiig-

Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 tii 10— Sii|ieriinc .Norilierii pulled
I he currinls I '"".'' *^"" ■"'•— I^"- I <lo 'I". 37 to ii-Ko 2 do do 26 to 3o
— .No 3 do do istojii.

'ally I
and.

Specimens of an early Pear, and specimens of a late
taspberry, were exhibited by J, L. L. f. Warren, nf
illtlhlnn.

The following memorandum was by request inlroduc-
d in o this report :

Speciincn« 'if the Corn called the " Davison," raised
y 'riiiiiiias L>aw$nii, of Ulonmlield, Kentucky, were
pon the t.-ible 'oday. One car when gathered weighed

lb. III..Z ; greatest lengili, 13 inches; tiotnty rows —
siihiTid early part iT October, JdIO ; presented by S.

lillbUOl S ■«> TS.

The sulwcrilwrsoiU-rs for siilc ii ureal viiri.ly of l>oiiie.H,
Lillys. Oriiwii Imperials, and iiiher Bull.nus uii,l lil.rous
rooied plants winch are most MiccevsfuMy plumed in Aiii>usl.

Also, Hyacinths. Tulips, Narcissui, and Hiiiboos roots of
every description. JOSEPH UUEUK & CO.

Aug II.

LAcroNBTERS.

^i>^enls«^, of Woburn, also exhibited fine speci-
of Tomato.

For the Coniniittfp,

JAMKS I. L. F. WARREN.

Erratum — In R. Newton's coniinniiiration in mir la-l
, the Wi.rd '• plants" in Iwo places, should have been
urns. The lni^l■lke •■cciirrcd from the snnilarily in 'iii-
Diraiice of the words in the author s MS., plum bciii^r
ere spelt p I « m-b.

THERMO.MKTRICAL.

Reported for the .New Englanil Karinfr.
?af liie riierinometer at the Ciardeiiof llie proprietors
be ,\ew En|;land Fariner. Hrighion, M:i3«. in a shaded
ihe-lyexpoiiiire. week ending August 16.

oga-i, 1*41.

5A..M.

I12..M.

7,P.M.

Wind.

lid IV, 9

6?

73

73

S. E.

•»d.iv, 10

67

l>4

77

E.

dufsday, 11

69

66

C4

E.

-.-day, 12

64

64

68

S W.

lav, 13

6S

85

72

w.

ir.lav, 14

62

75

62

E.

d.y. 13

5?

74

66

.S. E.

Just received at the New Enffland Agricultural Ware-
house, No. 51 and 53, Nor.h .Market st., a^fcw sets of Lac-
tometers, lor testing the quality of n.ilk

•'""'^ -3 JOSEPH BRECK & CO

l(iH ro.N .MARKKT— MosiiAV, August Id, lt<41
Itflx.rlro r.irlli- Nrw Knclmrt Forin.^i

I M.irkpt .')o(» Beel Cattle, 425 Stores, 4,200 Sheep,
G80 Swine, — KtO Swino were repirted last week,
mcts — Itetf Cattle — Last weeks piices were not

II qualities sustained. A few were sold on tile hoof
trirt" above our quotations. We quote first qual

$.-) 7.-). Second quality, $,'"> 00 a 5 50. Third qual-
•JJ 2.3 a 4 2.1. Uood Cows $4 00 a 4 50.

.. — Not a sulBcient number were sold to establish
We noticed two year old sold from $9 to 14.
also noticed a lot past three year old, sold for $13

erp.— Lola were so'd fur .$1 12, fil 25, $1 33,
iSl l«, SI 63, Sa 00 and ^2 25.
ir. —Several lots unsold. A lot of shoats to ped-
1 for sows and 5 for iiarrows. A selected lot of
.■» 1-2. At retail from 4 1-2 to G.

STRAWBERRIES! STRAWIiERRIES ! I

The suhsirilier would offer lo the |,ublic, the present
season, his SehclcH Collcclion, consisting oi seven varieties;
they are such as h;ive stood the test of a fair trial lor
seven yean, and all grown by the suliscriher.

lfurren-s.Seec/inir Mcthcen, a new and valuable kind, a
free bearer, Iruit very larae and juicy; fruit ineasurin^ 5 \.-d
inches have l.e.-n c.'chihitcd the present season. This va-
riety can he warranted to be one ol^ the finest varieties grown,
fruit and as lame quantity, wilh
r offered. The jrice

Thefaci'iiy with which the condition nf the tronijh mar
l.e-exBinined by menus of these two movcalile sides, 1 cod'
sider an impnrlaiit rpcomineiidulion.

The improrrmcnt in the trough i^ the iiisprtion of a tube
in Its side, placed m anohlique position, llip lower end bear-
iiiir on the hoiiom of the tiuuith and having the other end
rievaled m-arly to ,1, lop Water enough is put ,„.„ the
trough to cover the lower end of ihe iuI,p, oil i, ihp„ put in,
which hemir lighter will cover the top of the water ; water
heing sn sulmie an element, is liahle to pen, Irate through
Ihe top ot the roof and find its way into Hip trouith, if so it
would sink below the oil and pass out through .he lulw
without overflowing, Ipaving the oil in ihe trough. I be.
lieve all rools hitherto have failed to keep all the water out
hcuceth.-ulililyo aiuhe. Although it ,s believed these
I improveiiiciils will be recommended by their own merits I
subjoin a cerlibcate from those who have used them

.N. U. riiose who wish this remedy applied to their treea
I are requested to direct a line to the subscriber, post paid
[ A model may be seen at the office of the N E Farmer
y-ynn, 7M A/o., 1641. DANIEL NEWHALL.

We the undersigicd, have the preceding season used
Newhalls inprovement lor destroying me Canker Worm.
Last year Ihe loliagc on manv of our trees was piitirelv de-
siroyed looking as ihoujh a 'fire had passed through them
the use ol .Newhull's Improvement the preceding seasoi
of Ihnr r.srcnl has desiroyed nearly all the worms ; on some
irees none could be found, and they are now in a lioiirishine
condition, covered with foliage, and many of them loaded
vvith friiil.

We believe this improv-ment is an eflVcIiial remedy
asuinst this depredator, and ihai if proper alleniion be paid
(lurins Ihe iisceni ol the Grub it will exterminate the Canker
worm from the tree.

(Jeorge Johnson, Mosrs Breed,

Samu-1 Curtis, John Pratt,

Pnul Newhail, M. C. Pratt,

Oils Johnson, Estes \ewliall,

Isaac Bussetl, James Breed, Jr.,

riieophiins Breed, Stephen N. Breed.

Lynn. 71/,, .\rn..\'4\. eow4t Aug 4

and will produce as fi
the same cnltivat

WIlOLES.\LE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected icilh great care, weekly.
EDS. Herds Grass, very little in market. Red Top,
seed l.y the bag 55 cents. Clover— .Northern, 13c.

ihcrii, 10 c. Flax Seed, »l, 37 lo 1 63 bu. Lucerne,

per lb.

JUR. Howard Street »6 00— Genesee $6 25— Ohio

Al.\. Corn — Northern Yellow none —
2_Soutlicru Flat Veliow 80 — While
ern 7.-, lo -10— Southern 60 lo65. Oats
-Non hern 46 lo 50.
iVlSlO.SS. Beel— .Mess »10 60 to 11 00

- ny oih „..,

ol this Seedling is S3 no per hundred plants

Mclhven Castle.- Fruit eilrciuelv birge, high flavorc I
and showy; specimens of this fruit have been shown lliis
season six inches in circumfer.nce. Price three dollars per
hunlred plants "^

AVcn's Scetllinff. — A very superior variciy. fruit very
lar^c, rich dark color, and uncommonly bieh flavoied
Price three dollars per hundred

Jioyal *,ir/t<.— Kruit long oval shaped and iuicv, very
Iree hearer, and very hardy. Price two dollars • '

Haulbois. -Frail larger than '<'nglish Wood, exceedinifly
numerous sometimes yielding 100 berries lo the plant -

ice iwodollars. "^

Eirhi Virginia —This is known to be the earliest and
hest rnit lor market, a free bearer and very hardv. Price
two dollars ■"

Bns^lish Woot^- Fruit well known for years. Price one

Every plant sent from this carden will be warranted to I i
free Irom mixtures, and shall also be young and healthy,
worth the price paid for them.

All orders directed toihc suhscrilier, inclosing ih- amount
for the order, or wiih a jood reference, shall be promptly a
tended 10. and th" -i ' < > ■■ ' . "^ '

EDl^iUND T.

GS.&CO.

.\o. 101 Stale St, kcepconstanlly for sale. Wiiih
and ball Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached • wl
warrant to be of the hcst quality and to bum
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1841.

, Spring
;h they
without

isly

GOOD CULTIVATORS AT $3 SO

'tf P'
^L''.*.''!.?''" ^'so "P left in the suhscrib'er's hoi, at JOSEPH

lorwarde.l agreeahly to directions

. the :

BRECK & CO'S Seed Warehouse.

, ,, JA.MES L. L. F. WARREN.

Aug. II. eopisim ''^'onartum Vale, Urighton

JttOUCE TO IIORTICULTtRlSTS
Whale Oil Soap.

-Round Vel- .^^hf '"hsmher has coostanlly on hand, and in qunmities
„ -^ Kve-- I '?'r;' P";^''»>"?. "»» "»fful article which has lately proved

-Southern 44 j ^'t he o't^d'en'sh nil's vf" "Ti^ "' '■""'* *''''^'' '"
itsi ine tjaruen. Shruhs, Vines and Flowers.

1 TH.4JUEUS PERKINS, 109 Slate street.

'I Boston Aug. 4th, 1041. im

Good Cultivators for sale at the New England Agricultu-
ral Warehouse, Nos. 31 & 32 North .Market Street, Price
«3,S0. JOS. BRECK & CO.

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water .ind Hand Grindstones
consianily on hand and lor sale bv A.MiMl C. LOMbAM)
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. 'isly. Nov 17

56

N E V/ ENGLAND FARMER

Al G. 18. ls4l.

M I S C E L L A N E 0 U,S

WHO ARE THE FREE?

BV JOHN CRITCHLEY PRISCE.

We copy, says a late English paper, ihe following verses
from " The Chaplel, a Poelical Offering '
Bazaar," iManchester. The piece is a worthy gift to the
cause of popular education, t.y (wc l.clieve) an operative :

Who are the Free?
They who have scorned the tyrant and his rod,
And bow'd in worship unto noi.e Ijut Gu.l ;
They who have made the couquetoi's glory dim —
Unchain'd in soul, thnngh inanacled in limb—
Unwarp'd hy prejudice— unawcd liy wrong,
Friends lo '.lie weak, and learless of-ihe strong ;
They who could change not with the changing hour.
The selfsame men in peril and in power;
True lo the law of right, as warmly prono
To grant another's as maintain their own ;
Foes of oppression, whereso'er it he—

These are the proudly free !

Who arc the Great 1
They who have boldly ventured to explore
Unsounded seas, and lands unltiioivn before—
Soar'd on the wings of science, wide and far.
Measured the sun, and weigh'd each distant star-
Pierced the dark depths of ocean and of earth,
And brought uncounted wonders into birth-
Repell'd the pestilence, resirain'd the storm.
And given new beauty to the human form—
Wakcn'd the voice ol reason, and unfurled
The page of truthful knowledge to the world :
They who have toii;d and studied for mankind —
Aroused the slumbering virtues of the mind-
Taught us a thousand blessings to create :

These are the nobly great!

Who are the Wise ?
They who have govern'd with a self-control
Each wild and baneful passion of the soul-
Curb'd the strong impulse of all fierce desires,
But kept alive affection's purer fires :
They who have passed the labyrinth of life ,
Without one hour of weakness or of strife ;
Prepared each change of fortune to endure ;
Humble tho' rich, and dignified tho' poor—
Skill'd in the l.itenl movements of the heart —
Learn'd in the lore which nature can imparl—
Teaching thai sweet philosuphy aloud,
Which sees the " silver lining" of the cloud.
Looking for good in all beneath the skies:

These are the truly wise I

Who are the blest?
They who have kepi their sympathies awake,
And scattered joy for more than custom's sake ;
Sleadlast and tender in the hour of need,
Gentle in thought— benevolent in deed ;
Whose looks have power to make dissension cease—
Whose smiles are pleasant, and whose words are peace ;
They who have lived as harmless as the dove,
Teachers of truth and ministers of love ;
Love for all moral power— all mental grace —
Love for the humblest of the human race-
Love for that tranquil joy that virtue brings —
Love for the Giver of all goodly things ;
True lollowcrs of that soul exalting plan,
Which Christ laid down lo bless and govern man.
They who can calmly linger at the last,
Survey the future, ami recall the pasl ;
And wiih that hope which triumphs over pain.
Feel well assured they have not lived in vain ;
Then wait in peace their hour of final rest;

These are the only lilesl !

From the New York Tribune.

THE DUTY TO L.\BOR.
"The world owes iiic a ijood liviii;:, ami I'll
have it," e.iys some blncklee as lie finishes a luxii-
for the Lveeum.s riotis repast ;" here, kiidlord, another b"»le of
ynur prime Madeira." Haifa dozen empty-headed
fops, who sit pazinp on him by stealth, in silent
admiration, hail the sentiment with a shout of rap-

tnrotis apnlause. "Tint's it — the world owes us ,, , , i. , , ., ^

luroiin n|.;".'u.c. . , , ii ji ' ' f-real improvements have been made the past vear In ih

a. good living, and we 11 have it I — Landlord, more forma,,,: work.nanship ol these Ploughs; the nmuld In nr.

ine here ' we wont so home till morning. Let's | has been so formed as to lav the furrmn nomplrlely ore;

Who cares for the ex. '"™'"^'."7,'''"y P"'"''<^''?,(S^"** »>•«"'*'«■ ""'''^^^^^^

' — —"-' m Ihe best possible manner. The length of ih

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

oro it while we're young.

pensR ?"

The consequence of this is the pilfering of money
drawers, the ignominious loss of employment, gen-
teel loaferism, and so on, until one of these enter-
prising gentlemen, in eager pursuit of the good liv-

mould board has been very much increased, so thai th
Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect I
the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trii
of Ploughs at Wori-ester, say.

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Plougl
we should prefer Inr use on a farm, we might perhaps saj i
, , the inquirer, it your land is mostly light ami easy to wcul
the world owes him, puts the wrong "i!>n 3 | try Prouty & Menrs, but if vour /anrf is Acary, A.rrJ or™/,
name to a check, or in some kindred way gets a , begin w,th Mr. Howabd's.' '

, \. , ui 1 „„ „. «,,.n- S!;n,r iiboro Auhc aliovc mer.t:oncd trial the Howard Pkugh d.

ticket for the marble palace at fsing bing, "hero I „^,.^ j^^^,. ,^_.,^ ,,^^ same pm,:cT of learn, than any olh.
the State provides " a living" for those it considers \plougk exhibiled. No ,ither turned more than twemysc-i
deservin.T, but not just such an one as consists with ] ""'I ""^ half '"ches, to the 1 12 lbs. draught while il
ueseiviiv, u"i. J , . \IIowaril Plough turned liccnlunine and one half inches.

their own estimate of their exalted merits. | ,/|j g,„„^ power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard

'I'lie "-rent ermr in this case is the original max- i Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial

im If"!-! fnlse and detestable. "The world owes """'?,''• u i j l ^

im. 11 IS inisG .i"u uiit-oio,^.^ I 'phprc has been quite an iniprnvemrnt made on the shi

you a good living." How owes? Have you earn- ^ or land side of '.his Plough, which can be renewed wiihr
ed it by good service? If you have, whether on

the anvil or in the pulpit, as a toiler or a teacher,
you have acquired a just ri;:ht to livelihood. But
if you linve enten as much as you have earned, or,
still worse, have done little or no good, the world
owes you nothing.

having lo furnish a new landside: ibis shoe likewise secui
the mould board and landside together, and slrenctheiis I
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 totis. A Plonpi
sufficient for breaking up with fonr catile. will cost alu
SiO GO, and with cutler Jl, wilh wheel and cutur, 82
exira.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail.

.. > 1 ■ . 1 .„™ t„ n ..„r,=^;,>nt:no=Q r,f\ tl<c Ncw England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Si.

Mankind arc just waking lo a consciousness ot ^o^. j, ^glNonhWrkel Street, b-

Every thing great is not always good; but all
good things arc great.

the duty resting on every man to be active and
useful in his day and in his sphere. All are not
called to dig or hew, or plow or plane — but every
man has a sphere of usefulness allotteil him by Pro-
vidence, and ho is unfaithful to his high trust if he
deserts it for idle pomp or heedless luxury. One
man may be fitted by nature and inclination for an
artisan, another for a sailor, and a third for a mer-
chant ; hut no man was ever born fitted only to be
an idler and a drone.

" But has not a rich man a rtghl to enjoy his
wealth ?" Most certainly : we would be the last
to deprive him of it. He has a natural and legal
right lo possess and enjoy it in any manner not in-
jurious to others ; but he lias no moral right to be
useless because he has superior means of being
useful. Let iiiiii possess in abundance the means
of satisfying every pure and just desire of his na-
ture, and bcci'ine wiser, nobler, larger in soul than
his less fortunate neighbor ; but never let him for-
get, as, if properly trained, he never can, that it is
his solemn duty to be useful to his fellow crea-
tures, especially to the depressed and si. fleering —
to labor for their benefit, and suffer, if need be, for
their elevation.

The world soon learns to respect its benefac-
tors in whatever sphere, and to realize that he who
truly and honestly exerts himself in some depart-
ment of useful effort, may justly claim a brother-
hood with all who toil, and make, and earn. Let
the rich cease to look down on the poor — the mer-
chant on the porter; let each respect the dignity
of man, wliolher in his own perscui or that of liis
less forlunale brother; let haughtiness and pride
cense on one side, and envy, jealousy, and hatred,
with their train of direful consequences, will vanish
from the other, and all, animated by a common
kindness, will move forward in concord to the at-
tainment of the highe-l good.

■t. r.y
JOSKPH BRECK & CO. i

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, siiita
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRKCK
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 2

TO THE PliBLIC.

[)R. CHARLES M. WOOD, Veterinary Surges
respectfully iubirms his friends and the public, ihat he
removed from IJlossom St., to w Carver St. .All orders
al his house, or al ihe stable ol Wm. Forbes, No. 7 Sudb
St., will be promptly attended to, and gratefully acknO'
edged. All diseases of Horses, Cattle or Swine, are atle«
ed to. Also, caslraiiog ami spaying.

For the information tif those who may have occasion
bis services, and arc unacquainted with his practice, h-*
politely pcrmiited to reler to the following genllemen
nave employed him for a number of years past.
Wm. Forbes, I Williams & Pearson,

Wm. J. Nilcs. Geo. Meacham,

Joshua Seward, S. K. Bayley,

J. B. Read, | L. Maynard,

James F. Fnllham, Isaac Fosier,

Wm P. Loring, | Arlcmas White,

Joseph C. Pray. | Brown & Sevrence.

Boston, April 28.

NEW TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sa'e at the New England Agri ^\
lurnl Warehouse and Seed Store, Nov. 61 and 52 North I^„,
kot street,

con lbs. TUKNIP SEFD, of the crowih of l-I

July It. JO.^. HKF.CK *;

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WRKKI.T PAPER.

The Edilnriiil depnrlnient of this paper having c
into the hands of the mlisi rib< r, he is now autliio
by tllA publishers In inriirm tlii: piiblir. that the pric4^
the papei i^ redueid. In future the term* will br
per year in adtnnce, or ;f2 50 if nni paid within ill
diiyn. ALLEN PUTNAM

N. B. — Poslmnslirrs nri^ required by law In frnir
Siibacriplions and remittances for newapupum, wit
pxfiensa to subscribers.

TUTTLE AND DENNETT, PRINTERS.

A N I) M () n T I C U L T U K A L REGISTER.

PUntlSHRD BV JOSEPH BUEl-K & CO., NO. 52 NOUTH MVIIKKT STIIKKT, (AomcuLTiaAL WA»tnoo««.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, liDlTOK.

POSTON, WEnNKSDAY EVKNINlJ, .AIKiUSP W, 18J1.

[KO. 8.

N . E . FARMER.

Kroin FeMonden's Compleio Fannor.

SOILS.

\ farmer should be well inrnnnfd of ihe nnliirc
Ills, !»iul of iho various plants nd.ipt'd to them,
no usc-liil pi lilts flourish best in «lnt in callod
r land ; mul, if cultivators were pfrl'ectly nc-
iitcJ ivith Ihi" nrt of adapting pi:nils to soils,
li iimnurp mi^ht be saved, ivliich is wasted by
dicious and improper applicnlion.
I is iii:pposed by geologistji that llie whole of
earlli originally consisted of rocks, of various
s or coinbiiuitions. These rocks, by the lapse
ges and exposure to air and water, became dis-
gr.iled or worn in |iart or altogether to fine par-
3, which compose what are callod earths or
. Those soils are chiefly silica (sund or earth
lilts,) liiiio (or oalcareons earth,) alumina (clay,)
inagii'">ii (a mineral suh..<tance.) With these
bh'iidi'd animal and vegetable matters in a de-
posed or docomposing state, and saline, acid,
Ikalinu C('iiibinatioiis.

laiits ore the most certain indicators of the na-
of a soil ; for, while no practical ciillnator
Id buy or undertake to till land of which he

only the resullR of chemical analysis, yet

•y farmer and gardener who knew the timbi'r

plants a sml spontaneously produced, would at

• be able to decide on its value for cultivation.

was a maxim of Kliyogg, a famous philosophi-

farmer o( Switzerland, "that every species of

h may be instrumental to the improvement of

her of opposite qiiclities." All sands are hot

dry — oil clays, cold and wet; and, tlierefore,

manuring sandy lands with clay, or clay land.o

sand, is best for grain and pulse. But it is

tiie ii.ilural soil only that the farmer ought to

idcr, bwl the depth of it, and what lies imnie-

?ly iindurneath it. For if Ihe richest soil is

seven or eight inches deep, tmd lies on a cold,

clay or stone, it will not b-; so fruitl'ul as loan-

ils that lie on a better understratum. Gravel

eriiaps. the best under stratum to make the

pndilic.

ho best loams and natural earths are of a
ht brnwn or hazel color, llcnre they are call-
azcl loams. They cut smooth and tolerably
, wiilioui clinging to the spade or ploughshare ;
lig'it, friable, and fall into small clods without
ping or cracking in dry weather, or turning
mortar '»hen wet. Dark grey and rasset
Ids are accounted the next best. The worst

are tin' light and dark ash colored. Tie
Iness of land may also be very well judcfod of
fie smell and Ihe touch. 'I'he best emits a
1, pleasant ccent on being dug or plowed up,
cfilly after rain; and being a just prop>rticn
iiu and clay intimately blended, will not stick
h til the fingers on handling. But all soils,
pvr gooil, may he impoverished, and even
1 out, by successive crops without rest, espe-

cially if the pliiwinga iirc not very frequently re-
peated before the seed is sown.

If wo examine tracts of land which have not
been ciilcivnted, we find nature has nduptcd difle-
rent kinds of plants to most of the distinguishable
varieties of soils ; and though some belonging to
one may fur sonic cause or other be found on lands
"fa different quality, they seldom thrive, or per-
fect their sci'ds s) as to become general. The
great care of the larnicr ought, therefore, tn be, by
proper mixtures to reduce his land tn that state
and temi:erainent in whicli the extremes of hot and
cold, wet and dry, are best corrected by each oth-
er; to give thoiii every possible advanfige flowing
from the benign infliu'iices of sun and air; and to
adopt such kinds of plants as they nfTonl in this
state the greatest nourishment to ; and to renew
their fertility by a judicious allowance of the most
proper manures. Where these things an; don'',
there are few spots so unfriendly to cultivation as
not to repay his expenses and labor with a plentiful
increase. But without these, the best tracts of
land will in lime become a barren wasti', or pro-
dune little but woods.

The color of soils is important The Farmer's
Jiiiirnal observes, coal ashes were sprinkled over
half the surface of beds sown with peas, beans, &c.,
and on these the plants invariably appeared above
ground tvto or llirre days earlier, obviously on ac-
cniint of the increased warmth; it being a well-
known fact that dark-coll. red bodies absorb caloric
more readily and i:i larger proportions than those
of a lighter hue.

Soils which absorb the most moisture arc the
must fertile. Sir Ilumphrry Davy observed, "I
have compareil the absorbent powers of many soils
with respect to atmospheric mo'sture, and I have
always found it greatest in the most fertile soils ;
so that it affords one method of judging of the pro-
ductiveness of land."

The Methods of improving soils arc loo nume-
rous to be here fully specified. We will, howev-
er, quote one mode of restoring worn-out fields to
the fertility of new lands, or lands lately cleared
from their aboriginal growtli of timber, quoted from
a " Dissertation on the Mixture of Soils," for which
the author, the Rev. Morrel Allen, of Pembroke,
.Mass., was awarded a preuiium by the Plymouth
Couniy Agricultural Society.

"Particles in a soil which had long been in con-
tact, and in consequence of long connexion, lost
much of the energy of their action on plants, are
separated in mixing soils, placed in now connex-
ions, and act with renewed vigor. But the most
permanent and best effects are always expectoil
from the mixture of soils of different qualities. —
When the object is to j)roduce as much immediate
influence as possible, merely to assist one short ro-
tation of crops, to have the application we make
act chiefly as manure, then we may take our ma-
terials from any situation where we know vegeta-
ble substances have fallen and decayed.

" We may go into forests, and in certain stages
of the growth of the wood, without any perceptible
injury, skim the surface of the whole lot. This

soil of the woods, carried in suflicicntly large
quantifies iin to old fields, will restore them lo
original productiveness. And this will sometiincs
prove an inexhaustible resource for renewing old
fields; for as often as the fields decline, the »oil in
the wood lot will be again renewed and fit to re
move. Fit the same purposes the earth should be
carried from the sides nf walls and fences, where
the leaves liave been lodged fr'im the fori'st". It
should also be carried from hollows and temporary
pund.^. which in certain seasons of llie year become
dry, and aflord immense quantities of vegetable
matter in diflerent stages of decomposition, and
suitable to ap"ly to any kind of soil.

" Where streams of water occasionally overflow
the banks, an abiindAiice of vegetable and earthy
matter is lotged on the meadows, wliich in many
cases, especially where thi're is not much extent of
meadow to receive the substances conveyed bv the
stream, it is prudent to remove on to higher land.
It will there act as manure, and at the same time
gradually alter the texture of the soil, rendering it
more retentive of i\e\v and rain, and easily pene-
trated by the fibrous roots of plants. Of the value
of those substances whir:hare carried in streams
of water lo enrich soils, we have the most convinc-
ing proof in the unexampled productiveness of in-
terval lands. It is not exclusively the vegetable
substances carried on to these lands which make
them so astonishingly productive; there is a por-
tion of every kind of soil existing in the surround-
ing country annually carried on with the vegetable
substances. Intervals are composed of every sort
of earth the water can reach and remove. This
circumstance may properly enroiirugc the mixtures
of many kinds of earth, even when Iheie is no par-
ticular evidence that each kind is especially adapt-
ed to remedy any deficiency in the soil which we
woiilil improve. There is less hazard in adminis-
tering medicines in great profusion to cure diseases
in the soil, than in the human body. In steppin"
out of the beaten path of habitual practice, and
calling attention to experiments, which to some
may look very simple and to others very absurd,
we may hocome instrumental in the discovery of
highly important truths."

It will not do, however, to spread pond mud di-
rectiy on grass land or on arable ground. An ex-
perienceil farmer informs us, that he once injured
a piece of grass land by spreading pond mud upon
it without preparation. It should be mixed with
lime and warmer manure, and exposed to the at-
mosphere, or put into the barn-yard to be trodden
upon by cattle.

Arthur Young lays it ('own as a maxim, that a
strong, harsh, tenacious clay, though it will yield
great crops of wheat, is yet managed at so heavy
expense, that it is usually let fiir more than it is
worth. Alnch money is not made on such land. —
The very contrary soil, a light, poor, dry sand, is
very often, indeed, in the occupation of men who
have made fortunes. Some permanent manure is
usually below the surface, which answers well to
carry on ; and sheep, the common stock of such
soils, is the most profitable sort he can depend on.

58

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

Ai'G. as. I1*t,

ANNUAL MEKTING OP THE ROYAL AG-
RICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND.

This Society held its annual meeting at Livc^r-
pool, on the third week of last month. The Mark i
Lane Express, of July 20, contoins an extended nc-
couMt of its doings. Our readers would take little
interest in rcadin;; over the names of successful
competitors for pretninins on the other side of the
Atlantic ; therefore we omit all but the remarks
of the Chairman, and those of Mr Smith, of Scot-
land. {»e suppose the Mr Smith who invented the
uubsoil ploui^li.) These we give as n fair sample
of the much that was said on the occasion.

The Chairman then rose and said — Lord Spen-
cer and Gentlemen : I have now the honor of p-o-
posing to you the health of a gentleman who has
distinguished himself as a competitor for stock this
day. Though not one of the best judges of stock
myself, I know enough about it to be aware how
much has been done by the Royal Aaricultural So-
ciely of Engluud for the general benefit of the
country. (Cheers.) 1 know, as I dare say all of
yon do, that there arc certain proofs of the excel-
lence of stock, and I know that very great improve-
ments have been made, through the efforts of thi.s
society and those of the Smilhfield Club, in the
breed of our stock. I am unable to state what are
all the recent improvements which have been
made ; but when we look at the state of stock two
or three hundred years ago, it is impossible for any
man, however ignorant, not to see that much has
been done. As I have already stated, I am not
able to enter into the merits of all the improve-
ments that have been made under the encourage
ment of this society ; but, as I was accidentally
reading the other day some portion of an old His-
tory of England, published about 200 years ago, I
rould not but be struck with the very diflercnt
state of our slock to what slock was then described
to be, and with the difference of opinion which ex-
isted then on the subject and at the present time.
Gentlemen, I am not going to detain you tonight
by rending over to you the History of England —
(laughter) — but there are one or two curious facts
in an old history, written in the time of Queen
Klizaheth, which are worth referring to by way of
contrast with facts now well known respecting the
breed of stock, and to those I will draw your at-
tention. The author says, that in those days
"England was well known for surmounting other
countries in the breed of cattle, as may bo proved
with ease, for where are oxen commonly more large
of bone ?" (Laughter.) He then proceeds — " In
most places our graziers are now grown to be so
cunning, that if they do but see an ox or bullock,
and come to the feeling of him, they will give a
guess at his weight, and how many score or stone
of fli'sh and tallow he beareth — liow the butcher
may live by the sale, and what he may have for the
akin and tallow — (laughter) — which is a point of
skill not conmionly practised heretofore. Some
auch graziers also are reported to ride with velvet
coats and chains of gold about them." (Laughter.)
Gentlemen, I think we have made considerable
progress in the weight of cattle, and in judging of
their weight, since old Hollinshead's days ; hut
here follows a point in which I doubt if we have
uindo much progress. }Io says, "And in their ab-
sence (the absence of the husbands) their wive.s
will not let to supply those turns with no less skill
than their husbands." (Great laughter.) Gentle-
men, hear the remainder of the sentence — " which

is an hard work for the poor butcher, saith he, 'his own door, and there consumed; and it wai
through this means can seldom be rich or wealthy equally beneficial that the nianufaclurer shouW
by his trade." (Renewed laughter.) Gentlemen, ! have his manufactures consumed in his own cou;
he proceeds to state, that our own breed of cattle 'try, leaving its enriching influence on the groun(
have long had the advantage of others, and he [Cheers.] This count'ry had been able to bid d<l '"
says — "Their horns also are known to be more fair ' tiance to the cheap labor of all olhor countries c 'f
and large in England than in any other place, ex- ' the earth, and so would she continue. [Hear, hear,
cept those which are to be seen among the Pcones, I In the improvements which had been made, n'
which quantity, although it be given to our breed i doubt they had been led on by a selfish feeling !■
generally by nature, yet it is now and then helped a certain extent, and in all questions of [uibli
also by art." So that we see in those days science benefit, no doubt such a feeling must e\ist. Peel
was called in to the assistance of agriculture. I pie must look to their own interests, or they woulf
(Laughter.) I don't, however, think much of their ; do little for the benefit of the public. It wa
science, because they say, when beasts '' be very however, quite clear, that in order to have hrea'
young," breeders will "oftentimes anoint their . cheaper, the beet mode was to produce a gr>'au '
budding horns or tender tips with honey, which quantity, because the more that was produced tk ■'
mollifieth the natural hardness of tliat substance, ^ cheaper it would be to the consumers. [He» '
and thereby makelh them to grow unto a notable hear.] He would advise the sociely, if lie mig( 1j
greatness;', (laughter) '' cerles, it is not strange I be allowed, to avoid two errors into which socii '
in England to sec oxen whose horns have the 'ties of that kind commonly fall — not lo discoq) ff
length of a yard or three feet between the tips." < age persons who caine forward with improvemeul '
[Keuewed laughter.] Gentlemen, it is not often ' nor to be too hasty in rejecting such as were offt *'
we see them now. Our first improvement in cattle ed lo their notice. He had frequently seen tliini *
was in the long-horned breed, and I believe they , ofTered to the notice of such societies which at fi|i f
are now little seen. There was one long-horned ' appeared exceedingly absurd, but in the cmi lur
beast at the last Smilhfield show which wis much ' ed out to be really the germs of the gre:i: -t u,
looked at. There arc few, I presume, to whom proveinents. .'\t the same time he «uuu) Ivii
we arc more deeply indebted for improving the i competitors, if at first their implemcr.ls wi r ■ n
roast beef of old England than the subject of this noticed as they might imagine they deservi ], n
toast. Gentlemen, I beg to propose to you the ' to be discouraged, but to persevere, and eventiia
health of the successful competitor in Class I., Mr ly they might depend on succeeding. [Cheen
Bates, of Kirkleavington, Yorkshire. [Applause.] In taking a survey of this county, and more esft

Mr Smith returned thanks for the honor con- cially in this neighborhood, there was great re
ferred upon him. Whatever services he had done ; for improvement ; but that meeting would do
the society, were amply repaid by having his health j less sow good seed, and in due time an abund
drank in such a meeting as that — by having those crop would be reaped. [Hear, hear.] There i

no principle for producing improvements bel

than the itinerating principle — it excited a gp
of inquiry, and by ti.e converse with others, it
proved men's minds; and by competition, ficnli

services appreciated by the Royal Agricultural So

ciety of England, and by the farmers of England.

[loud cheers.] He had turned his attention from

cultivating the manufacturing aits to agriculture.

He had no doubt the farnier, like the manufacturer, were brought into exercise which would other

if he had better tools, his work would bo better have lain dormant. It was, therefore, that ho

done, and it was quite evident, on viewing the im- proved of ploughing matches and other mode*

plements which had been exhibited that day, there ! competition amongst farmers and their servaj

was a wide field for improvement, [applause.] He [Cheers.] He had had the good luck of brin|

felt assured that if the mechanical skill of Eng- ! forward some implements on the present occasi

land were directed lo that point, and he had no and if spared, he hoped on future occasions to

doubt it w ould be by that society, a vast improve- hibit still further improvements. [Loud cheersJ

ment would soon be the consequence, [cheers.] •

He felt proud to think that they liad been able to ^ j- c' rn , o i i • <• ^

, , , .1 . „ , / ,, „ ,. , Cure for Sore Tenia. Scarcely a dairy of c(

conlribule something of advantn<re to the English , :; , , • , ,

r ,- 1 • ,- o .1 1 IT can be found in which more or less are not

farmer Irom his poor country of Scotland.

He

felt also gratified in believing that the s(>ci(!ty had
been formed in some measure, on the Highland So-

ject to sore teats, and from the irritolion thus ci
ed, much trouble in milking, and loss of milk

;„..<• o .1 1 o ■ . I • 1. 1 1 1 1 i sue. The followin;: preparation, if kept on h

-lety ot Scotland — a Sociely which had produced 1 , ,. , ; ' . ,, ,.

• 1 11 , . • ., . .II- and applied occasionally to such udders and ti

considerable advantage in that country by bringing ' '^' _^.,, ,^,„„„„, „, „„,„ ,i,o ji„o„„<

into a belter state of cultivation the poor land of "* ".

his country. He had no doubt that in this country
where there was more capital than in the north,
erelong, England would become a perfect garden.
The improvement of the agriculture of this coun-
try was most important to the commercial and
manufacturing interests — [loud cheers.] They
cried out for cheap bread, and justly so, too ; but
how so well were they to get cheap bread as by
the improvement of the lands around them ? [Con-
tinued cheers.] Every farmer knew well there was

'ill prevent or cure the disensi
Sometimes the flies will be troublesome; if so,
one ounce of assafo'tida or aloes in powder,
incorporate it thoroughly with the ointnu-nt. So
times the leuls are tender only. When this is
case, washing with weak salt and water is bet
cial, and usuully sufficient.

Ointment made of sweet elder, four ounces,

Yellow basilicim ointment, four ounces.

Spirits of turpentine, one ounce.

IMix and well incorporate on a slab or in a I

iiiiiit.-u ciiuuia. ijvery larmer Knew wuil mere whb ,.,.., r^ , , i

.1 ■ 1-1. .1 .- tar, and it is lit for use — Selectea.

nolliing 80 good in agriculture us the consumption '

of his own produce on his own soil. [Hear, hear] I

The same principle which was good in small The transp.nrent wings of certain injects ar

things would also hold good in larger. [Loud attenu.itcd in their structure, that ,5(1.1100 of t

cheers.] It was to the advantage of the farmer placed over each other, would not form a pi

Ihal the grain he required should be produced at quarter of an inch in thickness.

vol.. TX. XO.fJ.

A N n H C) 1{ r 1 ( " U I. '1' U ii A L R E G I S T E R ,

59

MASS. IIOllTirLLTl'RAL SOCIKTV.

Kxhiliil!on of Fruits, Snturdny, .iug. M.
SiMtecM lioxi'a of choice Pluins, from the ^iinlen
'S. rmiil — ui: Royal <lc '1 oiim, llalmii Uaiiin.--k,
pricKt, mill :i kinil called Ciitiloninn.
Fro:M J. A. Koiiiick — I'.nrly Scck-no-farllicr,
rilliaiii's l'°a\<irilo, and Kivor .'Vp[)lc!i ; also, Uullc
■Kiiirniiio CliiTrics.

From M. r. Wilder — Clinrles ofiXustria, Blnod-
>od, :in<l Jar<:oiicll Pears; also, Monsieur Natif
luiiia niid a kmd unknown.

FruMi Mrs Mary Lewis, Ro.\bury — .i line cxliibi-
>n t>f .Apricots.

From Cl)t'n'r Drccd — a basket of choice Peach-
, prunn unocr (^lass.

From JiHia. Winship — Winsliip's Early Vidctto
lunis.

From Jno, Ilovey — William's Favorite and Crab
pplcs, aiul Pears — name unknown.
Fr.iiii Will. P. Richardson, Salem— the Cloud
rry r ■' Chomsniopus" .- and a 8ecdlin>? Cherry,
siraMc for its line flavor and lateness of ripeninj;.
Frum J. L. Moffat, Ro.xbury — a Sopsavine .Ap-
B, in shape of a pear — one of nature's sports.
From .1. l.ovctt, Beverly — a large, ripe, hand-
roe .MisI; melon, from open culture — large and
ceM( nt for the season.

Fr'Mii Robert Manning, Salem — Early Bough
jpl'-s ; Flp.irgn Pears; the "Jargonell of Eng-
rid and .\i;ierica;" also, tlic Jargonell of the
end,, nccording to Thompson, being known
re as the English Catherine ; American Apple
ars ; I>e!lisime de ete. Citron dc Sirentz and
)ussclletle Hatif(of Cox) Pears — the last named
^ood kind for an early Pear. Also, Morocco
urns.

Froin J. F. .-Mien, Salem — Peach Admirable — a
•c specimen, grown in a pot and forced in open

Trom A. P. Williams — as usual, many boxes of

oice White and Red Currants.

[From J. L. L. F. Warren — Royal George Peach-

ont door culture — a fine specimen.
From C. Goldcrmann, Chelsea — a choice speci-
n of .\pricots.

Fri'iii U . Stearns, Salem — Empress of Summer
ars — ihcir great beauty only to recommend
rm.

Fruiu Capt. Percival, Dorchester — a fine speci-
n of .Apricots.

iFrom Joishua Crane, Boston — a specimen of
y large Figs — open culture.
From L. P. Grosvenor, Pomfret, Ct. — William's
vorite Apples — large and handsome. Also,

dliug Apricots — a gireal bearer.
Mr .\llen, of Salem, exhibited Grapes, called
tarsrirabe" — in appearance and taste like the
Idin Chasselas.

A specimen of Grapes, called the Black Ham-
rg, bi'i'c'.:;; r.ot large, of fine flavor and appear-
:e, were left at the rooms by Mr Emerson, from

garilrn of .Mr James Arnold, New Bedford ; —
9 of the berries measured three and three quar-

inches in circumference.
For the Coniiniltee, BENJ. V. FRENCH.

Good Medirint for lings. The American Far-
r pays — " When your hogs get sick, you know
of what, give them cars of corn, first dipped in
, and then rolU'd in sulphur. 'Tis ten to one
it it nrrcsts the disease, and restores the animal
health."

j niSKASKS OI'' HORSES AND CATTLE.

' Cure fi<r Ihr Srralches m llnrsrs. With warm
soap suds wash the part nlTccliMl, nnd with n cob
or other rough giibslnnce, ruli off nil ccnbd, then
nfiply oil or hog's lard just so os to inoi.ilen the
skin, then take a fine powder of lipiiilock bark and
cover the parts well with it : a few applications
will cfToct a cure.

t'ure of Murrtiin. I have a Durham bull that
was taken nlioiit n year since, with what is called
heie. the Dloody Murrain.

St/inptoma — Eyes sunk in tho head, nose dry,
bowels costive, the discharge brownish, urine
the darkest bloody color, appetite gone.

Treiilmoil — I give I lb. of salts, 1 oz. of nitre,
and I oz. cream tartar, one dose ; the next day
aiuither dose of the anine. No appetite ; the third
day gave 1 pint castor oil. 4th day, physic began
to operate, appetite rather on the mend, water still
the same ; dissolved 4 oz. of alum in 3 qta. of sour
biitter-milk for an astringent. It turned the blood,
but made him costive ; gave hiin one more duse of
salts, and turned him off the sick list, perfectly
cured. \Vm. ICinuuam.

Curefor the Poll Evil. Make one or two inci-
sions in the swelling, nnd then wash the wound
nicely with strong soapsuds, and fill the wound
with lime. A few applications will perform the
'cure. Care should be taken in cutting, so as not
to cut across the neck, and thus wound an artery.
Castrating Colts. I will (while writing about
I horses) give you my mode of castrating colts,
t which is not new, but pliiin and simple ; and, I be-
jlicvc, if care betaken on the part of the operator,
it is the best mode. I never had one to mind cut-
ting more than a boar. The plan is this : after
the colt is thrown down and carefully tied, the in-
teguments of the testicles are to be laid opon witli
a sharp knife, and the stone pullod out, and tho
cord of the nut cleaned down. The cord is then
to be securely tied with a strong thread, well wax-
ed, and the cord is then cut off near the thread, and
the ends of the thread left six or eight inches long.
After both stones are taken out, the wounds are to
be well greased with old bacon gravy and salt. —
farmer's Register.

Simple Cure for Cough in Horses. Two years
ago (says a correspondent of the Albany Cultiva
tor,) one of my carriage horses had an extremely
bad cough, which had continued for six or eight
months ; different applications were made without
effect I applied to a man who I knew dealt in
horses, and had paid some attention to their dis-
eases, for a remedy. He at once told me that he
had never found any thing so effectual for a bad
cough as human urine, given a few times, by dis-
charging into a bucket of water and letting them
drink it, or on their food and eat it. I directed my
driver to do so, and in one week the horse was
compli'tely relieved. I have frequently had it
tried with the same good effect.

Does the Curculiojly up intu the Trees ? A cor-
respondent informs us that the Curculio can fly (I)
and consequently any contrivance fixed around the
body of the trees will prove of no avail. Now we
readily admit theyjremMt but the inference does not
necessarily follow. Does it fly up into tho trees.'
that is the question. Who will answer from posi-
tive knowledge ? — JVeio Genesee Far.

l''f>r the Nrw EnRlnud I'nfiiiir

IMPl.KMK.Nl' I'OR HARVESTING RUTA
BA(,A.
Mil Putnam — Sir — Permit mo to intrude upon
your notice once more, for tho pciiose of showinfr
lo you n labor saving iiiachinn of mine, iimdc laHl
autumn. Ueing hurried very much, necessity
obliged me to contrive a plan for hnitcning the
harvesting of rutn baga, instead of that slow and
dull work, pulling by the hand. I am not an adept
in drawing, but here it is:

A, fork — prongs seven innhcs long.

B, knifr — eight inches long, two wide.

A person cuts the tops off with the knife, and
turning the handle quickly, pulls them easily with
the fork. I found that one man could pull nearly
three times as fast with that as by hand. The
cost is trifling, and in the reach of all.

Yours, &c., JOS. A. WIIJ^ARD.

Pine Grove, Cambridge, ^tug. 7, lt'41.

HOW TO ASCERTAIN THE AGE OF HOR-
SES.
In purchasing a horse, not the least important
matter is lo be able to tell hia age. In transfers
of ordinary farm and saddle liorses, great imposi-
tions are often practiced upon the credulous and
uninitiated purchaser. To prevent this, to as great
an extent as possible for the future, is the object of
this communicntiiin to the public. The most cer-
tain means of ascertaining the age of a horse is to
examine tho changes which take place with the
teeth. The twelve front teeth begin to shoot in
about two weeks after the colt is foaled. These
are called colt teeth, and are shed at different pe-
riods and replaced by others. When the colt is
about two years and a half old, the four middle
ones come out ; in about another year, four others
are lost — and in another year, or when the horse
is four and a half years old, the four last are shed.
These last are replaced by what are called corner
teeth. They are hollow, and have a black mark
in their cavity. They are scarcely visible, and the
cavity deep, when the horse is four and a half
years old ; thoy begin to fill when he is six and a
half, and the mark cimtiniially diminishes and con-
tracts till the horse is sei'en or eight years old,
when the cavity fills up and the black mark is ob-
literated. The horse acquires his canine teeth or
tushes about his fifth year. The two in the lower
jaw begin to appear, when he is between •') and 4
years old, and those in the upper jaw 5 orC months
after. They continue very sharp-pointed till six.
At ten, the upper seem blunted, worn out and long,
the gum leaving them gradually : — the barer they
are, the older the horse. From ten to fourteen, it
is difficult lo tell the horse's age — it is sufficient
then to know that he is old, and under the hard
treatment which is given lo horses generally, the
conclusion will be a safe one that he is worth hut
little. — Southern Cult.

In 1839, the revenue from duties on wheat in
Great Britain was £1,089,77!).

GO

NEW E N G L A N D F A R M E R ,

AUG. 35, 1S4I.

Krom tlie All. any Ciiliivalor.

THE PEACH— IMPORTANT EXPERIMENT.
j\lcs--r3. Giiylord &[ Tucker — In the sprinjr of
J837, I wrote to Judge Uuul, askinn; Ijim to join mo
in c.\|)criiiinnls on tlie peach tree with salt pctre,
anil propus.'d to giie the result through the niodi-
iiin of the Cultivator to tlic public. I gave as a
reason for that reeiuest, that u.s far as my observa-
tion extended, I had alwaj's obseived that on soils
containing nitre nnd muriate of soda, the peacli
tree lives luxuriantly in an advanced ago, while
upon .soils imniedi:ituly adjoining, immature decay
tikes place, nnd the tree seldom attains the age of
seven years. As instances in vindication of this
occur so frequently, I have been astonished to see
lliein passed over without notice, and now advert
to some of them to establish the trnth of this posi-
tion. Peach trees growing in the site where once
ftond a dwelling, gener.illy live to an old age, the
soil of whirh, by analysis, will give a proportion
oTnitre. The same thin? occurs in many districts
of the West and South West. Upon one firm tlie
occupant has no dithculty in having good peaches,
vhile his neighbor finds it a laborious task to pro-
long the life of the tree to a few years, and on well
cultivated forms near the seaboard, I have been
informed ihey have but little difficulty in grov/ing
this tree. Having these and other instances for
my guidance, I commenced experiments with salt
and salt petre, in the yar 18."i(), upon an orchard
SIX years old ; clover was sowed upon it that
spring, anil it roinained in grass till last fall, when
It was plowed, and sown with wheal and clover
this spring. The trees in ';3(i were full of worms;
some of the trees were dead, others apparently dy-
ing, and but very few put on the oppeirance of
health; such was its distempered c<jiidition that
some of my friends advised mc to cut down about
one half of those that yet showed life, saying that
such was the practice of peach growers. I thought
it would be a. bad practice for a physician to de-
stroy one or more of a family to prevent disease
from spreading, and after cuttiiig down those that
wore dead, I commenced operations on the bal-
ance with equal quantities of (-'alt and salt petre
combined, applying about half a pound upon the
surface and in contact with the trunk of the tree;
then sowed it broadcast over part of the orcliard,
at the rale of about fcwo bushels per acre. The
result of this application to the surprise of my
friends, was the appearance of perfect health,
while new and vigorous shoots, the trees full of
fruit, which matured with increased size and im-
proved flavor. Towards the last of March, and
again in May and Si.'ptcgiber, 18;'7, I applied the
same ingredients in ditfereiit pro[)ortions without
observing much diflerence in the eflect; though I
have since thought that where I applied the salt
pelre alone, and wiiere the largest portion of the
mixture wa-i nitri', the effect was best ; but in con-
scqueiicf of the price of salt petre, 1 have endeav-
ored to ascertain the smallest quantity that should
he used, and I would not advise less than om;
eighth, though I should priMer one fourth or more.
IMy trees this fall ( lti;57,) were free from worms,
all doing well, and I have found no further use for
the axe in the orchard. In the ye.^r 18.38,1 ap-
plied the mixture to a part of my orchard in March,
the other part received the application in Juno und
September; upon that part done in March, 1 had
an abundance of fruit, while those done in the (ilh
and 8lh months were comparatively destitute of

fruit, it having been killed by a late frost. It oc-
curred to me that I was indebted to the salt, &.C.
lor the abundance of fruit on the trees done in
Marcii, by its retarding vegetation; and from an
experiment made in '37, it appeared to be the case,
though I have never considered it of sufficient im-
portance to repeat it for the purpose of testing it
further.

In regard to the best time to make this a|)plico.
tioii, I would say about the first of April, and to
(hose trees having worms in them, again in June
or September, as the appearance of the worm may
indicate its n<?cessity, u.sing about two thirds of the
usual quantity for the June or September dressing,
and to be used only in contact with the trunk of
the tree. I have not discovered any gnat benefit
from sowing it broadcast over the orchard every
year; I prefer to <lo this every second or third
year. If the tree is injured very much by the
Worm, to wash the bark of the trunk with a solu-
tion of this mixture and water, might be of service,
being careful not to apply too much : — this should

not prevent its application in a powdered state

To my trees planted in the fall and spring, I ap-
ply as soon as done planting in the spring, about
one ounce upon the surface, in contact with the
trunk ofthe tree, and repeal this quantity again
early in June or September; the peach worm at
these two last periods being in Ihnir infancy, are
destroyed.
. In August, after one application of this niixture
to my young trees in the spring, I have taken sev-
eral worms from off the outer bark of a tree, bed-
ded in gum: they had punctured it in a number
of places, but did not penetrate to do any injury
to the inner bark, while the next tree left witfujut
the above niixture, was nearly destroyed, the inner
bark being eaten for more than two thirds around
the tree. It might be supposed thai the salt and
salt petre would produce instantaneous death, but
this is not the case ; I have kept thein half covered
in a Solution of salt and water, and salt petre and
water, and in these two articles combined, for seve-
ral hours without causing death ; they will avoid
its approach, and will not remain in it unless com-
pillcd by necessity. '

III compliance with the promise heretofore made,
I have endeavored to give in a brief n.anuer. my
practice on the peach tree for five years, from
which I have no reason to make a change, but
many inducements for a continuance of the prac-
tice. If you consider it KuUiciiiitly iiiiporlaut for
publication, it is at your disposal, i.nd if any bein'fit
should arise therefrom, bo assured it would be the
iiighest reward for any service of mine that could
be tendered to, dear sirs, vour obedient servant,
LVTTLETON PlIVSIC.

will insert my remarks in your paper of Aloiidti
next, though 1 regret I have not allowed you niuc)
time or space to do so ; bul I shall be as brief aj
possible.

The autumn of 1640 was very favorable for thS
sowing of wheat, and though the winter was some-
what long, and the latter part of it most severe
and the frost intense, yet the wheat plant was no
the h-ast injured on the strong clayey soils; am
the months of .March and April wore very fr, Ta
ble for spring sowing of w4ieat and all other c-ops
and the dry weather which followed up to ih' 'I'-V
of June, was most favorable for working fal lowi
and never do I remember them got into bet:i r or
der — thus ensuring an abundant wheat cr p fo
1812, which the late rains cannot prevent, "I ng
they have delayed the present harvest for som
weeks later than was anticipated at tlie lath r en
of June. The rains have not injured the gn.win
crops of grain, and have greatly benefited the tul^
nip crops. The hay crop is in general liglit, aip
much deteriorated in quality, losing its fine flavW
and in consequence its feeding quality.

The wheat crop of this season on strong ilaye
soils, is very abundant — on an average fully doubl
on such soils to the crop of last year, many crol
being (ourlold greater than last year, v.hitli W
more deficient on clayey soils — even of good qual
ty — in some districts, than any wheat crop
eighty years ; indeed I know a farm of abovr (
hundred acres of wheat, which had not fiv lust
els per acre last year, and which twenty yc:.
(in J8"^0,) produced above forty bushels pet acre
not one eighth part last year. And though
growth of wheat on light soils has greatly increi
ed, both in the quantity of acres sown, and also
the produce per ai;re of late years, yet tlit gro'
of wheat on strong soils greatly exceeds that
light soils, and will, to a certainty, render ih'j p]
(luce of wheat throughout the United Kiiigdon
greater average than last year by at least ten
cent., although im light soils the wheat crop is
der last year's produce. I am aware the delay
the harvest has caused a greater consumption
home-grown wheat than was anticipated a n onl
ago; yet it is the duly as well as the intci
every lioinc-growcr of wheat, to bring what
holds upon the market within the next iiiontH
both to keep down the averages and benefit t
consumers as well as themselves ; as I am ci
viiiced from long experience and olisorvolmr

seasons for above fifty years, that the price
wheat after harvest cannot exceed sixty shillii
per quarter, and may be lower by several slnllli
pc

lilt

tho

CROPS IN ENGLAND.

We copy the following from the Mark. lane Ex-
press, of Aug. 2, received by the last steam ship :

To th- l^dilur i.f the Mark-hiiic Eicprcss :

Sin — .'laving made a long tour during my jour-
ney to Liverpool and bark to Hull, and having
seen agriculturists from all parts of tho United
Kingdom, and conversed with them respecting the
growing crops, I hasten to communicate through
your widely circulated paper, the results of my in-
quiries and my own personal observations made
during my journeying, and my previous observa-
tions on the seasons since I last addressed the far-
mers of England, about a year ago; hoping you

r quarter. I state this with perfect confiden

I therelore hope and trust that the farinerj
England will act on this advice, and brin
maiiider of their wheat crop of last year 'ipon
market within the ui.mth of^ August, thereby bei
filing themselves and Ihc whole commnnitv, i
thus preveuiing the averages from advanrin
fore harvest, and inundating this country witli f
eign grain at a low duty, when it is not ncii:

I remain, sir, your ohliged humble servr.M.
THOMAS BATE

Kirkleaviiigton, mar Yarm, Yorkshire.

P. S. The editors of all newspapers nil
I hope, insert this letter as speedily as possible]
check the advance ul grain in all markets thro
out llie Kiiigduin.

Time and talents are to be accounted for.

11.. \ \. so. H.

A N I) if 0 K T I C V L T V, R A L il K G 1 S T E R

til

Foriba N. li. K*riiu r
WHO SHOULD DO TIFK AFlLKINc; ?

A niALOUI'R.

^. Good evpiiintf, girls.
If/, tiooil evening, Surnli : we linvo called
,r „ .. y.iu to walk (Villi us UiK pleasant evenin<;.
g S,ir.iH. Thank yon, I slmiild be very happy to:
)w l.ing slinll you be pone.'
l,ury. We tliouglii of g«\n'j up os Oiras " Plea-
nt I'ond," and return by 'Si|uirc R.'s to call on
:ii7.'ibetli.

Sarah. O dear ! if you are poin^j so far il will
ever Jo fur inc lo go, for I must be ut homo to
ilk.

Harriet. Why Surah! do you have to milk.'
Sarih. Ves, always — don 't you ?
HanicL No, indeed. Does your father re-
uire U of you ."
Sarah. Yes — my father is ono nf those old-
iliiMied soil of men that think «c ought to do as
ur ijr.indin.'tliera before us did.

Lwii. Why, I hardly ihuuirht there was one
lan in a thousand that expected girls to milk now.
-days.

.luat Polly. Why, Miss, where have you lived
II ynur dnys ?

Lucy. Lived — in a fanner's family — where did
ou suppose •

Aunt Polly. La, \ supposed ye lived in some
lapr.rt or village, where cows war'nt very plenty.
Litcy. Oh no — my fulher kecjp-j twelve cows,
od most of our neighbors as many, or more.

HirrUl. Sarah, is n't that your brother Charles
jming with a load of hay .' I mean to ask him,
, for once at least, he will not milk your cows, so
lat you may walk with us.

Sarah. You may — but I suspect it will be of
o use.
Charles Percy. Good evening, ladies.
Harriet. Good evening, Mr Percy. I have a
.vor to ask of you, no less than this — that you
ill do Sarah's milking for her to-nighc.
Charles. Why to-night ?

Lucy. We are going to walk, and wish very
inch Sarah may go with us.
Charles. .\ walk — I am glad for once tUehorse
not to be harnessed.

Harriet. Why, Charles, aintyouoneof those
Hat love to harness a horse? But now you will
iiilk for Sarah, wont you ?

Chirks. Harriet, would you have us, after
orking hard in the field all day, milk at night?
Harriet. Ye^^, I would. I do think you ought
ot lo work so hard tliat you cannot save time and
rcni;lh to milk.

Charles. Well, somehow I always thought it
Kie of those things girls perform better than we,
u that it IS best for them to do it.

Harriet. Plausible reasoning, surely — tellin"
8 we do it better, will never make it any easier- for
le poor urrists, or any more within our sphere of
uties.

Charles. Then, Harriet, you really think we
i«n ought to do nil the inilkin,' ?

Harriet. Most surely I do. If we have to lake
are of the milk after it comes into the house, that
I our full share of iho work. Only tliiok how
luch there is to be done to it — to strain, skim,
utter lo make, Avork over and do up for market;
len the host of pans and pails to wash, &.c. 6lc.
think we have enough to do, in all conscience,
'itbout assisting you in your bamhold labors.

Chart, s. I nckiiuw|i>il;fc llicro in much truth in
what you say, but what else can you fiiiil to do ?

Lucy. "Find to do"! Idle c-eaturi's, aiiit we !
If 80, why so great the want for female labor?
You well knoiv you can readily obtain ten men to
Work on tlio farm, whero you can find one girl to
Work in the house.

Charles. I beg your pardon : [ did not mean
j to say you wore idle, but then you find much more
j time for walking, visiting, iVc. than wo do.
I Lucy. Good reason for it : we are eo cxpedi-
; tioos we gel our house-work done up ; and nucdN'
I work, which is quite as important, wi- take with us
when wi; visit; but when gentlemen visit, llicy
I leave their work behind.

, Emily. Come, girl--, if you talk much longer
, we shall lose our walk.

Harriet. Never mind, when we are discussing
'■ so important n subject.

I Charles. Here is my hay — when shall I unload
it, if [ go to milking?

Harriet. Why, tomorrow morning (aflcr milk-
ing.) if you have not time before.

Charle.i. But I never can take time to milk
twice a day.

Lury. At my father's, the men expect to milk
as much as any other work on the firm, and for
my part, if I had oiit-door work to do, I should pre-
fer raking, hoeing, weeding, or many other kinds
of woik, to milking.

Charlfs. Our girls have always done the milk-
ing, without making any objection, and I have
thought it all right.

Sarah. True enough, we always do it, but
what use would it be to comfilain ?

Cluirks. Emily I see is wishing to go, and toy
oxen are tired — so, Sarah, I'll milk to-night. Good
night, girls.

Girls. Good night, Charles.
Harriet. Sarah, I think you must thank !^liss
Emily for your walk, fori suspect Charles would
never have been so complacent had she not been
with us.

Sarah. I think as much : never did I know him
to milk so readily.

Emily. Why me! I have hardly spoken to him.
Harriet. You were so absorbed in thinking

how much would be expected of you when

Lucy. Oh, how beautifully those lilies look.
Let us go round the other side and see if we can-
not gather some.

[VVhen they returned from their walk, they found
Mr Percy sitting on the donr-step ]

Charles. Oil, what beauliful lilies you have
found — I supposed tlity were out of blossom now.
Harriet. Mr Percy, will you accept of these ?
they may revive you after the labors of the day.

Charles. Thank yon — after milking, you mean,
I suppose.

Harriet. Yes — how did you succeed ?
Cltnrks. Oh I got a few quarts.
Lury. I saw it slated in a (arming periodiciil
not long since, that for some reasons there given,
that girls usually obtain more milk than men and
boys; but I always think that those that say so,
have an inveterate haired to milking themselves.

CImrles. You mean for inc to take part of that,
I suppose.

Lucy. Just as you please ; — but truly after

Lury. I am gliiil to hear you gay tlnM much,
and HJiall hope lliiit ihe next time wo meet (fur
Emily's sake) to hear you nro fully inclined to
agree with 119.

LETIII.A.
Ojr"Tlioiigli Aunt Polly says but a few wurds,
she hints a good lesson to the girls. An expcn-
aivu and efleminating piide in the daughters of llie
farmer desrrves a sneer. And Miss Harriet, Lu-
cy, Emily, or whatever else bo your name, if
Charles is induced by you in llio days of lii'i bud-
ding love, to gise up his opinions, for the sake of
atcommodating his talk lo your sentimentality, ho
is not worth marrying — However, we are very
glad to hear from "Lelitia" — and if our opinions
can be rel'utod by ari;umeiils and facts — if it can
be proved that it will be for the interest of the far-
mer's family that the men should do the milking,
wo will yield the victory to ony fair wielder of ihe
quill, with the most gallant grace that is possible.
— Eu. f.'. E. I".

EDITORIAL NOTICES.
Mw ,'igricultural Paper. S. W. Cole, late edi-
tor of the Yankee Farmer, proposes to issue a
monthly paper, of the size of our own sheet, to be
called the " Farmer's Journal and Magazine of
Useful .-\rts." In a specimen No. he expresses the
design to commence the tirst of October. The
terms are 50 cents per year in advance, in all cases.
While the Yankee Farmer was under the care of
Mr Cole, it always indicated industry, inqiiisitive-
ness, and sound practical wisdom in matters per-
taining to agriculture. The proposed paper will
doubtless be well conducted, and will be well worth
the cost. We wish our worthy brother success.

Liebig's Oriranic Chemistry. We are pleased
to learn that Professor Webster is preparin^f to
pulilish a second edition of Liebig's Chemistry. He
informs us that he will be gratified to learn from
agriculturists the results of any experiments they
may have made to test the correctness or worth of
any of Liebig's theories. His address is Cam-
bridge, Mass,

Map of Boston and Vicinity. Nath'l Dearborn
has just published a little book to accompany his
map of Boston and vicinity. This book contains a
few "historical and geographical remarks" con-
cerning "each of the eightysix towns named on
the map."

The Effect of Under Draining. There is a
field on the estate of the Earl of Leicester, at Long-
ford, in this county, which some years ago was oc-
cupied by Mr John Slierratt, and brought forth
rushes in such abundance, that ihe occupier gave
leave to any body to carry ihem away who would
be at the trouble to mow tliein. Three years ago
the field was drained, under the direction of .Mr T.
Harper, of Fostoii ; and this year, we are told, the
present occupier, Mr T. Robinson, has cut three

tons an acre of as nice herbage as ever grew

Derbyshire. Chroniclt.

The Old Coat. It is bettor to turn the old coat,
said my aunt Prudence, than to run in debt for a
new one. But see, r''plicd I, there is a hole in it!

thinking and talking thus long, are you not ready Never mind that, said >he — put in a patch ; a patch
to join with us in saying that girls ought not to be ' upon the sleeve is better than a writ upon the back ;
expected to milk ? j the old coat will set easier at home, than a new

Chailes. I urn more than half inclined to. [one in prison. — Selected.

6-2

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AIG. 85, 1841.

A.Nn HORTICULTURAL RKOISTER.

Boston, Wednesday, Aogost 26, 1841.

SALT LEY, OR SPENT LEY.
In the manuHicmre of liard or bar soap; much ley it
run ofl. Aslws, lime, salt nnd greasn, are |uit inio ihe
builcr :hi(1 the li')' contains a |)iirii'in of each of these
ingred'i.;nt9. Each of these moy be a fertilizer. And I
may not ihe ley be serviceable on the land ? We were |
told last winter, that Hon. \Vm. JacUsnn, of Newton,
had used the Icy from his f.ictory for several ye.irs, upon
grass lands, and ihat he had furnished his nnigh'iors
with tint arliclc for use upon iheir fields. Upon inquiry,
we learned that several farmers who have tried it, con-
linue to i,u'. it upon their grounds. In past years they
have used it only upon the grass; but this season it has
been appli';d wh. re corn, pntat^es, carrots, and the like
have been planted. We have recently visited some
fields where it has been used, and the result of our oh-
servalion is, that crops upon it, excepting where the
land is (piiie dry, grow very well ; but since other ma-
nures wi re used with this, it is not easy to say precisely
how far Uie ley is beneficial. More good would result

APPLKS-HOW SHALL TIIEY BE USED?

The custom which once required ilie farmer to have
a cider-cellar, and to lay in annually a large supply of
the juice of the apple for the purposes of h.ispitalily and
family consumption, has lost ilsliold in this region. The
article is not wanted at home, and very many of our
farmers are unwillmij to lurnish it for ihc market. But
the orchards still stand and yield their fruit. Much of
the fruit is unpalatable and of no value as an article of
sustenance or luxury in the Ijinily. What shall be
done with it .'

We have had pi^'S grow well for a few weeks, when
their principal fond was the wormy and immature ap-
ples which they gi.thered under the trees in tlie orchard.
We have known the quantity of milk increased by fur-
nishing a cow regularly with a peck of uncooked apples
pprday. — We have, year alter year, seen swine fatten,
and cattle /u((fn very Irecly, when fed upon apples and
meal boiled together. It is true that tliey will fallen
well upon boiled meal without the apples; but we have
no doubt that a free use of apples greatly lessens the
quantity of meal required. Some have considered the
apples worth as much per bushel as potatoes for the pur-
poses here named; but this is probably fixing upon
ihemtoohighn value. We consider them worth half
as murli as potatoes for producing meat ; and if this be
the fact, they pay well for gathering and cooking. If

MaaiachtiietU Horticultural Society.

EXHIBITION or rnviTS.

Saturday, .lug. 21

By S. Pond— Early Apricot, Royal de Tours, Pond>
Seedling, Italian Uainask, Uuane's Purple, Binghiim,
and Blue .Mo^ul I'luins — all remarkably fine. '1 he last
nimeil, Mr Pond does not consider worthy of cultiva-
tion. I
By A. U. Williams— William's Favorite Apples-J
very fine ; also, fine Ked Currants, and a seedling A|K
pie.

By J. M. Ives — Citron of Sirenlz and Bloodgood
Pears, and I'ransparent Sweet, a seedling Crab Apple '
By S. Walker — Summer Franc real Pears.
By J. C. Lee — Trinidad and Black Hamburg Grapei
very fine.

Bv J. F. Allen— Summer Franc real Pears; Figs;
Black Hamburg, Baisaurabe and Consiai tia Grapes, and
renjjinc Peaehe-. The Figs were ihe finest ever eilu
bited in the rooms, and were truly delicious.

By Otis Johnson — Folheringham Plums — rerij fine.
By Jno. A. Kenriek — Washington, Duane's Purple,
Smith's Orleans and While Gage Plums; Orangi
Sweeling, Priestley Sweeiing and William's Favorit
Apples ; Yellow Siberian Crab Apples ; Summer Frani
real Pears.

By J. L. L. F. Warren — River Apples; Eaily Royal
ieoroe anil two other varieties of Peaches.

... .. .1 ■ J.... f., :,„ ine laci, lliey pay weii lui etiiiieiiiig «ii« ».«,.«, .i^.

from its app cat on in wet times, than m dry ; for Us ,. . , i ■ , ■ r , .ii .„ „. r.r ;„

"^ ■" , ,, , r .1 „„ r„„ two bushes of giain and SIX of apples will go as far in

inniiencea aotiarent v resemble those of the urine from *» i u , r / j

inlluenu3app.ireuv, ,„„^^ J fatteninj; our animals as three bushels of grain, (and our

all'e when in the pasture. Lvcry farmer Rnowa '

that ill a hot and dry lime, the grass perishes where the
urine is voided ; and he knows equally well that the

urine in wet weather increases the growth of grass. So
It is apparently with this ley. (Ji nerally no harm has
resulted, even in the drought of the last month, to the
crops in Newton, which are upon land that had the ley
applied U) it in May. There need bo lillle apprehen-
sion of huriii, unle.<6 the ley be put in the hill, or direct-
ly under the seed. Where it has been spread upon
corn land and harrowed in, the corn grows well— hut
in one place in Wcnham, » here /o</(/er cum in drills
was pui upon the ley in June, the corn failed to vege-
tate well, and much of what came up withered and per-
ished ; ili"ugh the stalks which survived are now doing
well.

We are using this article. Having procured a li^ht
box, imide I. f pine jilank, 10 ft. long, 4 ft. wide, and 2 ft.
deep, anil fixed it upon the wagon axletrees, w.; procure
loads of about COO galls, each. This we cart 5 miles.—
In one si. le of the box is a plug filling a two-inch auger
hole. Fur the purpose of unloading, this plug is taken
out, and ilie ley is run into heaps of soil or of muck —
The load of UOO gallons will saiurate from I l-'i to 2 1 2
cords. This is thrown over once or tw lie, and at any
convenient time is spread upin the land. We have
not yet had opportunity to ascertain iia ilTectSjbut are
BO well persuaded that it will ho beneficial, that we
shall continue through this season to haul all that is run
into the cistern from which we draw. The manufactu-
rer of s.>np put down a cistern which holds 2100 gallons,
and put into it a pump, placed so high that the liquid ia
pumped directly into ihe wagon or box. On iho top
the bin is a slide, ahimt ono fool si|uiire, through whicli
the ley is adihitteil.— We pay for ihe urtiein at present,
*2 per load of 600 gallons. Whether this article is
worth its cost, wo do not yet know ; and we should
have made no mention of it at present, hut for our wish
that alt ■ lion may be drawn to whatever promises to he
serviceable as a manure, and that its virliics should be
proved by all who are willing to make experiments.

general observations le.id lis to the conviciion lliat they
will,) then the orchard of native fruit is worth preserv-
ing ; and the meanest apples are vvorlh picking

If any. swayed by devotion to a good cause, have laid
the axe at the mnt of the apple tree, for the purpose of
lessening the ills which excess brings upon man, we
may honor the motive, but we cau have little respect
lor the wisdom of such men.

The worth of apples as fiiod fiir both man and the
brute, has not generally been put so high as we should
rale it. That the apple itself is highly nutritious — ;hat
it will su|iport life and preserve strength and heallh
when used as the principal fiioil, maybe denied; and
yet it gives flavor and relish to many of the common ar-
ticles of diet ; and taken in connexion with them, assists
in giving heallh and strength to the system. Our opin-
ion of lis value is such that we have penned ihis short
article for the purpose of invliing all who have this fruit
on their fanis, to make some fair trial of its worth.

Some may be deterred from giving uncooked apples
to cows, by the remembrance that when the cows have
broken into the iirchaid in some former year, they have
been harmed by the apples We will ask such men if
their cows have not also sulTered at times from feeding
too freely upon clover or succulent grasses? And if
they reply in the afTirinativf , it must be admitted that
the objection may properly be to the quantity ealeii and
not lo the nature ofthe article. Cows will injure them-
selves if allowed to inko as many apples as Ihey are dis-
posed to eat; and yet when furnished with them daily,
and in qii?,^tity not oxcceiliiig ten or twelve quarls per
"f\ day, no sulTenn;; is experienced by llio animals. One
I trial made several years since, sati-fied Ihe experimen-
ter that n pei.k of row apples given daily lo a cow, in
the winter, increased her milk daily by one quart. Bui
while we allciiipt to show thai apples may safily and
pri'filably he given lo the stock in an uncooked stale,
we with in have it understood that this is not the state
in which it is brst that they should be used.

By ihe President, Col. Wilder— Bloodgood Pears ; Bi
roni do. ; Graversiein Apples — fine ; also, a basket con
tainiog several other varieties; some fine Peaches, a
Pond's Seedling Plum.

By B. V. French — River and William's Favorite Aji.
ple«-fine.

By lion. Elijah Vosc — Seedling Peaches. l-

By John llovey — Yellow >iberian Crab, a French tM||
riely of Crab, and William's Favorite Ap| Ics. |||

By Mr Lovering — Duane's Purple Plum '

By Mr Breed — .\ basket ol very fine Peaches.

Mr Brown, of BeverU , presented for dislrihuhon, sci-
ons of a fine new variety of Pear, called the Buaden, thi
fruit of which he exhibited.
For the Committee,

JOHN KENRICK.

~ Pi

EXHIBITION or rI,0WKBS.

Satuiilay, .lug. 21

From Messrs. Hovey & Co. — Gladiolus, Sredlinjj *
Verbena'', Phi >x Drummondi, Poriulacca spuciora, Paa>
sies and Bouquets.

From H. W. Dutton— Dahlias.
From Miss Sumner— Bouquets.
Fioni B. E. Cutting — Naiive plants, including Lialri
seariosa, ("lemalis viiginica, Lobelia eardinalis, &c.

From Wm. E. Carter, Botanic Garden— Ked Watel
Lily and a varieiv of cut flowers.

From S K. J.. I'ln^nn— Verbenas, Roses, Double BtMl^
sams, Phlox Druiiunondi, &c. •'

From Win. Kenriek — Bouquets and cui flowers.
From A. H. H'. vey— Gladiolus fl-ribundus.
From Messrs Winship — Bouquets and cut flowers.
From C. McClure— Dahlias.

From M. P. Wilder — fine Dahlias; among whicl
were Cox's Constanlia, Cox's lUval Revenge, Marshi'
Soiill, Brees' Rosa, Annoi Lysle, Eva, <X.c.
From S Walker— fine large Bnuquets.
From S Sweelser — Kosi-s and Verbenas.
From the Public Garden — two pots of Porliilace
Thellusnnii ; one do. Gloxinia speclosa, and one lin
plant of Abuiilon striata — all fine specimens.

Contribiiiors of Dahlias and othei flowers, are i -i . si
cd to write the names of such as are considered wurih
of special notice.

For the Commiltee,

JOSEPH BRECK.

The value ofan annual crop of grain and potatoes in
the U. S. la cslimaied al 300,000,01 0 dollari.

There are two things whichonght lo loach us to think
but mcniilv of human glory: Ihc very best men have
h<d their caliiniiiiaturs, and the very worst llicir pane-
gyrists.— Liicon.

Garden seeds require collecting ns fast as they hi com
ripe. The best way is to cm oil the stems which hoi
the ripened seeds, and lie them in bundles, uniil the'
can beeonveiiicnlly cleaned. Where seeds are not ful'
ripe, u large p.rtion of stems attached, will often affoi
nourishment enough to coinpleic the process — Gen. F(

J. Lossing, of Albany, recently sold a Berkshire bo
and sow, the former f"r $2110 and ihe latier for $300.J
The boar with his cagu weighed UfO lbs. They wo
bought by W. P. Curd, uf Kentucky.

VOL.. XX. KO. 8.

A N I) H 0 R T I C U mm: \{ A L R K G I S T E R .

G3

^^■•Vt'Ill SKTTS lIDItTll-ll.TT'UAl- SOCIliTV.

;i ,-!«'> Ti . i: .IB
Th» .\n>uii. KiiimiTioi, nl' tho Manimhci-
t<llit lliirtK-iilturnl Siru'ly, will li« ln'lil at lli<'ir
>..lii, a;l Trr.r...iU II..W. on )»>./n«,/.iy, Thurs-
lay Ami t'rida^, U'Jii. 'j:iil and 'J4lli n|' i^f|it.
Pnr urdrr o( (ho Coiniuillnn nl' Airnnzi-iiipnit.

S. WALK 1:11, Chairnum.
Bwinn, S.-(.I. 2.-., 1H11.

TIIKIOIUMKTIUCAI.

KepoMeil Itti tt)« iNr%v tliiKl^nit Kftrliier.

ll>i<>^;o((li^ rhermuiiirlcr at the tianlnior tli« propriclorti

f Ihr .New Englxnil Kariner, Brigklun, Mrm. in a alwdcd

iorihr ly etpoaure, wrek endingt Aiigiul 22.

A.i7wi^Ti«l! fftXRlTr'MI- 1 T.H.M. I Wind.

^ondiv, IS 60 I 76 CS I S. K.

^icwla'v, 17 60 89 77 S. E.

\>dn-■^iiay, IS 62 85 69 | S W.

lll•l^.l;l!l, 19 63 83 76 I S. W.

ri.|:iv, 2(1 65 84 78 | S. K.

iai ir.lar, 21 6S 89 SI I S. G.

Iil.l.iv.' 22 71 69 67 | E.

<;<)(>I» CT l.ri V ATOHS AT 8,1 ■lO

!KI<3iriO.\ MARKKT.— Mom. AT, August 23, 1841

Kriwtlril f'-r llip Nrw enslaiiil F'rinrr.

Ai M.irket K)0 Beef Catlle, 800 Stores, 4,000 Sliopp,
nd 1100 Swine. Some five or six hundred Cuttle un-
old. Soviral hundred of which w.rc ifitended for Beef,

i'lin ts — B««/ tViH/« — l'ric>-s have further declined
n all qualities except the first. \Ve q\ioie first qua!-
V, $:. .Ml a 5 75. Second quality, $1 76 a 5 50. Third
iiahiy «;3 00 n 4 2.'>.

Stores. — Quite a large nnn)b.,>r of sales were effected,
'wo year old's wire auld from §8 to 14. Tbrce year
Id, Ironi ?I2 to 1<.>.

Shfrp.—We quote lots from $1 13, $9 25

fttei'ie. — Dull 200 of the number above reported
/ere at market last week. Several hundred remain un-
old. Lots to prdille were sold from 'i to ;i 1-2 for sows
nd 4 lo4 1-2 for barrows. Old hogs 3 and 3 12 for sows
nd 4 for barrows. .'\t retail from 4 to 0.

WHOLESALE PniCES CURRENT.

Corrected wit'i f^rcai care, weekly.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, verv little in market. Red Top,
1 to 3'. cents. Clover— Norlhern, 13c.— Southern, 10 c.
lax S<..'d, SI, 37 to I 50 hu. Lucerne, 23 c. per lb.
PLOUR. Howard Street S6 00— Genesee S6 23— Ohio
5 on.

GRAIN. Com — Northern Yellow none. — Round Yel-
w M — Southern Flat Yeliow 80— White SO. — Rye—
orthcrn 7J 10 72— Southern none. Oats— Southern 43 to
— Nnriht-rn 50 10 54.

PROVISIO.NS Bcel— Mess tlO 50 to II 00— Prime
I 30-No. 1 89 00. Pork— Extra— 15 00— Clear 14 5U—
ess S|3 on. Hams— Northern 9 c. per lb— Southern,
'>ne. Lard— Boston 9 c per lb. — Southern, 8 to 8 1-2.
utter— Lump lo to 22— Firkm 12 to 13— Shipping 8 to 14.
HAV. per ton. S13 lo 20- Eastern Screwed 813 to 14.
CHI-.L:sE -Old II c— NewB.
E<;GS, 14 a 16.

WOOL— The market for this article has not experienced
ly chjii3<" of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and there
Fiut a linutel supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces the
ock is al-o moderate. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,
. 50 to 55 c. --American full Idood, washed, 47 to 50 — Do
4 hloo[|, washed, 44 to 46— Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 36 to
I — 14 anri common do, 35 to 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,
I to 25 — Do. unwashed, 10 10 14 — Bengasi Sheep, 8 to 10 —
uenns A) res unpicked, 7 to 10 — Superfine Northern pulled
ml. i'l lu 4f. — .No. I do. do. 37 to 42— No 2 do do 26 to 30
No 3 do do IS to 20.

.\omce: to horticulturists.

AVhule on Soap.

The subscriber has constantly on hand, and in quantities
su:l purchasers, this u-eful article which has lately proved
iell »o destructive 'o the great variety of insects which in-
st the Garden. .Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKINS, 1U9 Stale street.
Boston Aug. 4lh, 1841. Im

ED-nLWD T. IIASTI.NGS Si, CO.
Pore Sperm OU.

No. 101 State St, keep constantly for sale. Winter, Sprint;
id Fiill Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
arrnut to be of the best quality and to burn without
nistii.'e.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1S4I. isly

Good Cultivators for sale at the New England Agricullu
nil Warehouse, IVos. 61 & 52 North Marki'l Street, Price
*3,ba. JOS. URECK & CO.

GRIRDSTONKS.

An extensive assorlment of Water nnil Hand Grlndstoies
con-tanlly on hand niul for sale by A.MMl C. LO.MIiAMi
«i CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf islr. Nov. 17.

STRA^VBEKRIESI STRAWBERRIES 1 !

The subscriber would offer to ihc laiblic, the present
season, his Selected CoWci/t'on, cousisliii? of sercn varielii-s;
ihey are such as have stood the test of a fair trial for
sceen years, and all grown by the subscrd.er.

irii'Tcii's Seeding Mclhcen, a new and valuable kind, a
free bearer, fruit very Inrae and juicy ; fruit measurin.^ 3 I J
inches have been exhibited the present season. This va-
riety can be warranted 10 be one of the finest varieties grown,
and' will produce as fine fruit and as larje quantity, wilh
the same culiivalion, as any other ever olfered. The [rice
ol this Seedling is 83 00 per hundred plants.

Mclliren Castle.— Fruit exlremelj liirge, high flavorel
and showy; specimens of this fruit have been shown this
season six inclies in circumference. Price three dollars per
huu Ired |ilants

Keen's Scedlivs;-. — A very superior variety, fruit very
larje, rich dark color, and uncommonly high flavoied
Price three dollars per hundred.

JiiK/al Sc.irW.— Fruit long oval shaped and juicy, very
free bearer, and very hardy. Price two dollars.

//iiu^6ois.— Fruit larger than 'i'uglish Wood, exceedinijly
numerous, sometimes yielding lOU berries to the plant. -
Pxiie two dollars.

Earbi Virginia — This is known lo be the earliest and
best fruit lor market, a free bearer and very hardy. Price
two dollars

EnWis/i Woocf— Fruit well known for years. Price one
dollar.

Every plant sent from this garden will he warranted to I '.
free from mixtur>s, and shall also be young and healthy,
worth the price paid for them.

All orders dirtcled to the subscriber, inclosing th'' amount
for the iniler, or wilh a good reference, shall be promptly at-
tended to, and tlie plants forwarded agreeably to directions.
Orders can also Te left in ihi- subscriber's bn.x, at JOSEPH
BRECK i. CO'S Seed Warehouse.

JAMES L. L. F, WARRE\.

Au". 11. eopislm A'onon/um fu(e, Brighton.

Bt'LBOl S RO..TS.

The subscribers otfers for sale a great variety of Pseonies,
Lil'.ys, thrown Imperials, an I other Bulbous and fibrous
rooted' plants wliicli are most successfully planted in August.

Also Hvacinths. Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous roots of
everv description.

Aug. 11.

JOSEPH BRE'JK. & CO.

liAOlOMBTERS.

Just receiveil at the New Eniiland Agricultural Ware-
house, No. 31 an.l 62, North Maiket St., a few sets of Lac-
tometers, for testing the quality ol nilk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

l'\-|'r.-..\T UKASh >\l(l\(i|.: WIIAI.K on. HOAP

Willn'n Pnlrnl Improved llriias Syrin;.- fur watering
plant*. grtip» vinea, Miinll lree», denlroying the Ko.e Bug,
ilc. This syringe may he utrd on all uccnoionn wln-n water-
ing i» necessary lor using a mlution prepared for the pur-
pose, to prrfrnl mildow 011 gra|>e vines, and also lo use the
prc|Hirotiun of .Soup lor the desiiucliun of ihe Rosl' Bug.

This Syringe may be had of JOSEPH HKEi'K A OO ,
N"». 61 and Wt Norlh Market Street, who has for >alc ihr
Whale Oil Soap, a sure prevenlalire ngniiist the lavnges of
the Rose lluv and other iiixeet*. Tha Soap iboubl be dilu.
ted by water, at the rate of lilieen gtUont of waier in iwu
pn'unds of So.ip, and applied by ihe Syringe. The Sonp ii
in kegs containing 28 lbs,, alone dollar per keg. July 14

UKINDSTO.VES, ON PRICTION ROLLICKS.

Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction rollers ond
moveil with a foot trcader, is louud 10 he a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging griiidstoi es. The
ease wilh which they move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy to turn with the loot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of giimling, can
govern the stone more to his mind by having the complete
control ot his work. Stones hung in this manner are be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal salisliiclion. The rollers can be attached lo stones hung
in the common way.

For sale t,y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 62
North Market Boston. July 14

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEBIEKTS, &c.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and S(cd Store No, 51 and '52 North Market street,
would inform their customers and the public ijenerally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agri-
cultuial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which are the following:

1000 How.ird's atenl Cast 100 doz. Cast Sleel Shovels

iron loughs

150

" Common do.

300 Common do. do.

100

" Spades.

" Grass Scythes.

200 Cultivators.

500

100 Greene's Straw Cutters.

3'KI

" atcni Snaiths. 'j

50 Willis' do. do

aoo

" Common do*

lOu Common do. do.

5IIO

" Hay Rakes.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200

" Garden Ho.

Shellers.

200

" Manure Forks.

50 Common do do.

300

" Hay do.

2,.0 Willis' .Seed Sowers.

500

Pair Trace Chains.

60 " Vegetable Cutters.

100

" Truck do.

50 Common do. do.

100

Dralt do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

600

Tie up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

50

doz. Halter do.

100 Ox Vokes.

lOIIO

yards Fence do.

15110 Doz. Scjthe Stones.

23

Grind Stones on rollers.

30110 ' Austin's Rifies.

March 17.

DRAFT AND TRACK CHAINS.

Just received by Pocket Coromanda,
400 pair Trice Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
; No. 52 North Market si. April 21

\ TV.-; l"P CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for tye-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Df.bbv, Esq. of Salem,
and Col jACdt'ES, for the purpose of .securing catlle to the
stall, are found l» be the safest and most convenient mode
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market at,

64

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

Al'G. as. 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THERK IS A GOD.

OV THE lOBD CHANCELLOR BBOUOTIAM.

" There is o God," nil nature cries ;

A lh(iu-.aii(l tongues proclaim
His Arm ulmighty, Mind all wise,
And liid each voite in chorus rise,

To magnify His name.

Thy name, great Nature's Sire d vine,

Assiduous we adore;
Rejcciin? godheads, at whose shrine.
Benighted nations, hlood and wine

In vain lilmtions |iour.

Von countless worlds in houndlcss space,

Myriads of miles eauli hour
Their mighty orlis as curious trace,
As the lilue circlet studs the fa-e.

Of thai enamel I'd flower.

llui Thou, loo, mad'st that floweret gay

To glitter in the dawn ;
The hand that fired the lamp of day,
The blazing comet launch'd away.

Painted the velvet lawn.

'• As falls a sparrow to the ground,

Oliedienl to ihy will,"
l!y the same laws those glohes wheel round.
Each drawing each, yet all still found,

One order to fulfil.

teritinn, avoiding us much as possible irksome con-
slraint, ymi may si.on fix llie liubit iierinuneiilly.

Tlie great difficulty with most parents is, that
they aro tmwilliii<r ti> devote lime to their children.
But there are Jio duties in life inoro imperious th:in
the cart-ful culture of the minds and hearts of the
immorlals entrusted to our care. Thereare no du-
ties we can iieyicct at such an awful hazard. A
good son is nn incitiuiable treasure. Language
cannot speak its worth. A bad son is about the
heaviest calamity which can be endured on earth.
Let the parent,' then, find time to train up the
child in the way ho should go. — MAhtr's Assist-
ant.

M.\NAGEMENT OF CHILDREN.
Kf.ep your Sons employed. Let play be but their
occasional privilege, andlhey will enjoy it far more
highly. Employ thern in the garden, if you have
one, us work, not as pliy. Give them daily and
regular duties about the house. It will do them
no^liarm to perform humble services. It will help
you and help them still more, to have them bring
wood or coal, to scour the knives, to make their
own beds, to keep their own room in order. You
may thu.s render them highly useful, and greally
contribute to their happiness and to their future wel-
fare. If you are sick, it is still more important
you should train your sons to these habits of indus-
try, for they stand particularly in need of this mor-
al and physical discipline. Louis I'hilippe, the
present king of France, was in childhood and ear-
ly yfUith required to wait upon himself in the per-
formance of the humblest offices. It was thiough
this culture that he was trained up to be one of the
tnost remarkable men of the present age.

Eiuounige a Fondness for Rendins;. Children's
books have been of latt years so greatly multiplied,
that there is hut little difficulty in forming in the
mind of a child a taste for reading. When tlio
taste is formed, you will be saved all further trou-
ble. Your son will soon cxphuc the libraries of
all his associates, and he will find calm, and silent,
and improving amusement for many rainy days
and long evenings. And you may have many an
hour of your own evening solitude enlivened by
his reading. 'I'he cultivation of this habit is of
such immense importance — it is so bonefieial in its
results, not only upon the child, but upon the quie-
tudc ami harmony of the family, that it is well
worth while to make special efforts to awnken a
fondness for books. Select some books of dcci
dedly entertaining character, and encourage hini
for a time to read aloud to you, and you will very
soon lind his interest riveted ; and by a little at-

Cheerfulness. — It is always better to laugh than
to cry, and a cheerful countenance is ever a plea-
sant companion. The human system is so consti-
tuted that it is wrought upon by mirth or melan-
choly to its delight or detriment, its weal or wo.
Cheerfulness is its sanative — its " match Ics-s s.ina-
live"— sorrow and sighing its bane. Melancholy
destroys not only the mental but the bodily vigor.
We say, then — "hence, loathed inelaneholy." —
rhere is no use in rubbing one's eyes and blub-
bering over all " the ills that flesh is heir to." Take
the evil with the good, and bear it like a philoso.
pher. Red eyes and faces of a longitude like that
fa horse, are any thing but agreeable, pleasant-
greeting companions: in fact they are scandalous
looking^affiiirs. The best way is always to keep
up a cheerful heart. Take the world as it goes,
the good and the evil as they severally coinc along,
without repining, if fortune frowns, with that phi-
losophical ejaculation of Jacob Faithful, " better
luck next time." — Bost. Trans.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Grcal improvements have heen made the past year in tha
form nnd workmanship ol these Ploughs; the muulil hi anl
has licon so formed as to lau the Jurrmc romj'Irteltj orcrm
lunting- in ererij parlide of grass or si lUMe, and icnting Ihf
ground in the best possible manner. The lenglh of ihl
mould hoard has heen very much increased, so that ihfl
Plough works with the greatest ease, hoth with respect id
the holding nnd the team. The Committee at the ble
of Ploughs at VVor.eslrr, say, , ,. „,

" Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plnuijhi
we sliiiii'd prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps sb\ lo
the inquirer, il your land is mostly light and easy to w> ik,
try Prnuiy & Mears, iiut\{ your land is heavy, hard or rii.y,

I BEGIN WITH Mr. HoWMID'8.''

j At the ahove nie'.f.oned trial the Howard Plough did

i wore irork. itith the same psifer of team, than any oihe

\ -plough exhibited. Ni^ other turned more than tweniyse.-ei

1 and "one half inches, to the tl2 U.S. draught, while l^

JJmeard Plough turned ticentynine and one half inrhrs „

the same power of team .' All acknowledge that Hnwqrd'l

Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhstanliallj

made. . l •.

There has leen r]uiie an imprnvemenl made on the sno,
or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed withnil
huvin" 10 riirni>h a new lundsiiie: ihis shoe likewise secuie.
ihe moiilil hoard and landside together, and strengthens tli^
Plouqh v,rv much. ^ . „,

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 In »I6. A Ploui
suflicieni for breaking up with four callle, will cost alu
3.0 SO, and with cutler Si, wilh wheel and cutler, W I
extra. j

The above Ploushs are for sale, wholesale and relnil.ar
the New b'-ngland Agricultural Warehouse and Seeil t^i .r
Nos. 31 & 52 North Market Sireel bv

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

Seats in Chcuch. — No separation of seats
was made long ago in Scotland, and none is al-
lowed in Denmark, where so strict an equality is
preserved in the house of God, that on one occasion
ucommiui soldier found himself accidentally placed
next to the King. He hastily started up, but his
Majesty stopped him, saying "Stay, friend! re-
member there is no distinction here!" — Siuclair.

GU. KX'S PATKNT S TRAW CUT TKH.

FENCE CUAIKS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chwns, sm!
for Fences or other piirpcses. For sale by J. BRI i
CO., No. 62 North Market St. Apr-

TO THE PUBLIC.

DR. CHARLES M. WOOD. \'elrrinary Surg,
respectfully informs bis friends and the public, that be
removed from Blossom St , to M Carver St. All orders
at his house, oral the stable of Win Forties, No 7 t^udl
St , will be promptly attended to, and graiefully ackin
eitg'ed. All discuses of Horses, Cattle or Swine, are all.
ed to. Also, castrating and spaying.
! For the information of those who may hove occasii n
i his services, and are unacquainted with his practice, !
poliiely permiited to reler to the following gentlemen
' have employed him for a number of years past.
Win Forbes, I VMIIiams & Pearson,

Win. J. Niles, Geo. Meacham,

Jovliua Seward, S. K. Knyley,

J B. Read, L. Maynnrd,

Jumes F Fullham, Isaac Fosier,

Wm P. Loring, Arteinas White,

.loseph C. Pray. I Brown & bevrence.

Boston, April 28.

JOSFPH BRECK &. CO. at iheNew England Agriciil-
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. r.l andp2N'orih Mnr-
kcl .Slreel, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay and
Slolk Culler, <q)eraling on a mcchaniccl principle iiol before
:i|.i.lie,l loany nnplcmenl lor ibis i.urposc. The most prom-
inenl elTecis of Ihis a|iplicatii.n. nnd some of the consequent
pccniiarilies of the machine are :

I. So grcal a reduction of the quantum o( power requisite
to use it. thai Ihe slreiiglh of a half grown boy is sufficient
lo work it elHcienlly.

2 With even this modcra If power, il easily cHt« two bush
els n minuie, which is full Iwioc as fast as has heen cloimed
by any oilier machine even when worked by horse or slcain
power.

n. The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in which they
cul, require sharpening less often than those of any other
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple iniu construction, made and put
together very slroiijily. Il is iheieforc not to liable as the
coiiiplicaled inochines in general use to gel out of order.

NKW TUIINIP SEED.

Just received nnd for sale nl the New England Agricul
tural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52Norl'- "''"^

" MuVis. TURNIP SEED, of the growih of is^l
July ,4. JOS. BRK.CK & CO.

NEW F. N G L A N D FAR M K R .

A WEKKLY PAPER.

The Edilnro.l department of lhi« paper liavinc co
iiiio the iiaiids of the mibsrriher, lin is now Buth^n:
by Ihe publishers to inform the public lliiil the piicc
ihe pnpoi f" rediierd. In folurp the terms will I"
iier vent in adtnnee, or fS .")0 if noi pnid within il.i
days. ALLEN PUTN.AM

J^. B. Postmasliirii «r« required by law lo friii'i>

suliHcriptmns «• d remillancca for newipuperi, wiiln
expense to subscribors.

Tl'TTLE AND DEN.fETT, PRL^TERS.

A N T) 11 O 1{ r I C U L T U U A L li E (i I S T E U .

NO 5' ND'Tll MMlKK.r STRliKT, (Aouitutfuu*!. WABEiiou«».)-ALLIiN I'UTNAM, EDITOR.
t#r -

TDUUSUED BY JOSEPH URECK & CO.,

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAV KVKNINCS, SEPTEMBER 1, IS-ll.

[WO. 0.

N. E. FARMER.

From KossenJen'a Complete Farmer.

COWS FOR THE DAIRY.
In selecting cons for the dairy, the following iii-
icationa sliould bo atteiiiieJ to : — WiJo horns, a
lin head and neck, dew-lap large, full breiisu
road back, largo deep belly ; the udder capacious
jt not too Heshy ; the milch veins prominent, and
10 bag tending; lar behind; teats long and laryc ;
Littocks broad and lleshy ; tail long, pliablo, and
Lall in proportion to tlic size of iho carcass, and
e joints short. The .\ldcrney breed gives a very
:h milk. The Durham short horns, however, ex-
jed tliem as respects quantity ; and wo have the
slimony of the Hon. Levi Lincoln, late governor
Massachusetts, that the milk of Denton's pi|j-
iny, a branch of that race, is not only abundant.
It of excellent quality.

Cows should be milked regularly morning and
ening, a^d as nearly as may be at the same
urs. At six in the morning and six at night, is
good general rule, as tlic times of milking will be
ui-distant from each other. But if they are
Iked three limes a day, as Dr. Anderson recom-
3ndcd, the times may be five, one and eight. He
sorted that if cows were full fed, they will give
If as much again if milked three times as if only
ice. At ttie same time, it would prevent too
€at a distension of their bags, to which the best
W3 are liable.

The cow whicli is desired to remain in perfec-
n, either for milking or breeding, should not be
haustcd by drawing her milk too long after she
comes heavy with calf. It is paying too dear
a present supply of milk. She should be suf-
ed to "o dry at least two months before calving.
The expense of keeping cows of a poor breed is
great and sometimes greater than that of keep-
p the best. If cows are poorly kept, the diffe-
nce of breeds will scarcely be discernible by the
jduct of their milk. Some have therefore sup-
sed that it is the food alone which makes the
ds in the quantity and quality of the milk. This
pposition is very erroneous, as may be shown by
;ding two cows of similar age, size, &c. on the
ne food, the one of a good breed for milk, and
other of a different kind, and observing the
ferenco in the milk product. No farmer, unless
is very rich, can aSbrd to keep poor milch cows.
: might almost as well keep a breed of naked
scp, such as Swift mentions in Gulliver's Travels.
,e fanner who raises a heifer calf that is from a
or milker, or of a breed of little value, is asfool-
. as be would be, if, in clearing land, he should
rn on the ground the birch, maple, and w.-ilnut,
d save white pine and hemlock for fire-wood,
jd yet many sell the calves of the best milch
w8 to the butchers, because such calves are fat-
t!

Those cows which give the greatest quantity of
n milk are most profitable for sucking calves,
• rich milk is said not to be so proper food for

calvoa as milk which is less vahiable for dairy pur-
poses. Milk which contains a large proportion of
cream, is apt to clog the stomachs of calves; ob-
struction [luU a stop to their thriving, and some-
times proves fatal. For this roiison it is best that
Cftlves should be fed with the milk which first comes
from the cow, which is not so rich as that which is
last drawn.

Mr Russel Woodward, in the '• Memoirs of tho
New York noard of Ai;riciilture," says, " I have
found that younn- cows, the (irst year tlial thoy give
milk, may bo made, with careful mi!kiii„' and good
keeping, to give milk almost any length of time re-
quired, liut if they are left to dry up early in the
fall, they will be sure to dry up of their milk each
succeeding year, if they have a calf near the same
season of the year; and nothing hutfcxtraordinary
keeping will prevent it, and that but for a short
timg. I have had them dried up of their milk in
August, and could not by any means make them
give milk much beyond that time in any succeed-
ing years."

A writer in the " Bath and West of England's
Society's Papers," states, that if at at any time a
good milch cow should go dry before her milk is
gone, got a young calf and put it to her, in order to
preserve her milk against another year; for it is
well known if a*cow goes dry one year, nature
will lose its power of acting in future.

Cowa should be treated with great gentleness
and soothoiitiy mild usages, especially when young
and ticklish, or when the paps are tender ; in which
case the udder ought to be fomented with warm
water before milking, and touched with great gen-
tleness, otherwise tho cow will be in great danger
of contracting bad habit?, becoming stubborn and
unruly, and retaining her milk ever after. A cow
never gives down her milk pleasantly to a person
she dreads or dislikes. Tho udder and paps
should be washed with warm water before milking,
and care should be taken that none of the water
be admitted into the milking pail.

The keeping of cows in such a manner as to
make them give the greatest quantity of milk, and
with the greatest clear profit, is an essential point
of economy. Give a cow half a bushel of turnips,
carrots, or other good roots per day, during the six
winter months, besides her hay, and if her summer
feed bo such as it should be, she will giva nearly
double the quantity of milk she would afford if on-
ly kept during the winter in the usual manner;
and the milk will be richer and of better quality.

The carrots or other roots, at nineteen cents a
bushel, amount to about eighteen dollars ; the ad-
dition of milk, allowing it to be only three quarts
a day for three hundred days, at three cents a
quart, twentyseven dollars. It should be remem-
bered, too, that when cows are thus fed with roots,
they consume less hay, and are less liable to seve-
ral diseases, which are usually the effects of poor
keeping.

The keeping of cows is very profitable. Al-
lowing one to give only six quarts a day, for forty
weeks in each year, and this is not a large allow-
' ance, her milk at two cents per quart, will amount

to upwards of thirtythroo dollars ; which is proba-
bly surticietit to purchase her and pay for a yeai'a
keeping.

A farrnnr some years since kept eiglitecn cows
on a common, and was often obliged to buy butter
for hia family. Tho common was enclosed, and
the same person supplied his family, amply with
milk and butter from the produce of four cows well
kept.

Great milkers solilom carry much flesh on their
bones, but llicy pay as ihry go and never retire in
our debt. ' The difliculties in cow-kecping are
these: the iixpeiise of their fond is considerable,
more especially with respect to any which must
be purchased, and if the produce he inconsiderable
it may be a losing concern. You may be feeding
a sparing milker into flesh, and if you stint her or
allow her only ordinary food, you get neither flesh
nor milk.

.■\matours in this lino should procure the largest
milkers, and I had almo.^t said, give them gold,
could they eat it. In this case it may be depend-
ed on, milk is always of more "value than the best
cow food ; and a cow, the natural tendency of
which is to breed milk, will convert all nourish-
ment, however dry and substantial, into that fluid ;
in fact, will require such solid kind of nourishment
to support her strength and induce her to take tho
bull. (Mowbray on Poultry, &C.)

Keep no more cows than you can keep well: —
one cow well fed, will proiluce as much milk as
two indilferently treated, and .'norfl butter; and if
the cow be wintered badly, she will rarely recover
during the succeeding summer so as to become
profitable to the feeder. Cows should by all means
be housed in extrenio weather, and particularly
those which give milk, or a failure in the quantity
of milk will be experienced. Wherefore, instead
of keeping twenty cows poorly fed, and but half of
them stabled, sell ten, and give the remaining ten
food in amount equal to what the twenty originally
had ; procure constant stabling for them, and you
will receive quite as much inilk and butter in re-
turn as was derived from the former mode of treat-
ing twenty. Sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins,
and ground oats, are unquestionably among the
best articles for food for milch cattle; and they oc-
casion the milk and butter to assume a fine flavor
and color, as well as increase of quantity. (Tren-
ton Empoiium.)

Pure water is an essential article for cows. Of
this they should have a continual supply.

Tiie following prescription for drying off cows,
is given in Monk's Agricultural Dictionary : Take
an ounce of powdered alum: boil it in two quarts
of milk till it turns to whey ; then take a large
handful of sage, and boil it in the whey till you re-
duce it to one quart ; rub her udder with a little of
it, and give her the rest by way of drink ; milk her
clean before you give it to her; and as you see
need repeat it. Draw a little milk from her every
second or third day, lest her udder be overcharged.

The day and night after a cow has calved, she
should be kept under cover, and her drink should
be lukewarm.

66

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

SEPT. I. I -4 1

From llie VVeslern I'armer.

EFFECT OF A WKT SUBSOIL ON TREES.
No man should undertake to plaut ordinary for-
est or fruit trees on soils tenacious of water, until
tliey have been fully drained. Trees may live on
such soils, but they can never flourish, nor "ill
fruit from trees so situated, ever be equal in size
and ilavor to that grown from trees where the
ground is properly prepared. Some years since, a
gentleman at Seneca Falls wished to plant his
grounds with ornamental trees. The soil was a
deep clay, very tenacious of water, and several of
his first efforts entirely failed, nearly every tree
perishing. The holes were dug large, and the
trees vsell set, but it was found that the holes act-
ed as mere basins or reservoirs filled with stagnant
■water. To remedy this evil, he had drains dug in
such a manner that the holes for the trees were
kept free from all surplus water, and as a necessa-
ry cnnseqnenje, the next plantihg of trees succeed-
ed to ndiniratiiiu. We sec in a late number of the
Boston Cultivator, that Mr I'hinney, of Lexington,
well known as one of the most skilful fanners in
this country, who has about six hundri>d bearing
apple trees' of the finest grafted fruit, has been
obliged, in establishing his orchards, in some in-
stances to have recourse to thorough-draining the
soil, and always with the best success. Mr P.
makes his drains from two to three feet deep, ac-
cording to the nature of the soil, leaves a water
course of about eight inches covered with fiat
stones, on these brush and briers are throwr
the whole filled in with the earth thrown from the
ditches.

There can be no doubt tliat a regard to this sub-
ject, wherever trees arc to be planted, whether for

In fact, assuming always that the expenditure be
directed with judgment, it will be found that the
profit upon the outlay increases in more than a pro-
portionate degree to its amount ; thus, supposing
IwentyHvp dollars be the lowest, and fifty the high-
est sum that can be employed in the common cul-
ture of the same acre of land, it is more than pro-
bable that if twcntylive dollars return at the rate
often percent., the filly dollars will yield twenty,
or any intermediate sinn, at the sanio progressive
ratio. And admitting this to be true — and it is

a fire, their own juice being sufficient without ih SS"!
addition of water, until the sugar penetrates an 0'
they are clarified. They i>re then taken out, sprea mn
on dishes, flattened and dried in ihe sun. A snu
quantity of the syrup should be occasionally spri^
kled over them whilst drying ; after which, pa( f}
them down in boxes, treating each layer with poi
dcred sugar. The syrup is afterwards concentn tw
ted and bottled for use. They keep well fro J,i!
year to year, and retain surprisingly their flavC'
which is nearly that of the best quality of frei Jll

presumed no experienced agriculturist will doubt j figs. The pear shaped or single tomatoes answifcli
it — it follows that a capital of five thousand dol- 1 the purpose best. Ordinary brown sugar may II
lars expended in the cultivation of two hundred, used, a large portion of which is retained in til j^-
will only yield a profit of five hundred dollars, ) syrup. — .American Farmer.
while, if applied to no more than one hundred

use or for ornament, especially if the subsoil be a
tenacious one, would prevent many failures and
disappointments, and in fruit orchards add great
value to the product." .\ sound, healthy soil is
necessary to the health of the tree, and particular-
ly to transplanted ones. Every one acquainted
with hard, tenacious subsoils, knows that where
trees grow naturally upon them, the roots never
penetrate this cold, wet substance, but are spread
near the surface, and when blown down by the
wind, their roots exhibit a thin shield-like form,
wholly unlike those of a tree in a deep and perme-
able soil. If trees must be planted on soils of this
nature, let nature herself be imitated; and instead
of forcing the roots into pits or pools of stagnant
water, as all mere holes in such earth must be, let
them be spread over the surface as much as may
be, and the holes and covering be proportionably
shallow. But the best way in this case, as in all
others where soils are to be cultivated, is to drain
first, and then plant or till afterwards.

acres, it would ])roduce one thousand dollars; —
therefore, it is evident that his profit wou'd be in-
creased by diminishing the quantity of his land.
Many a man has been ruined by a large farm, who
might have acquired a competency with one of half
the size. Most farmers are anxious for largo occu-
pations, and many are thus betrayed into the error
of taking a greater quantity of ground than they
have the means of managing to advantage ; some in
the delusive hope, of acquiring those means by fu-
ture saving — others, from the vanity of holding
more land than their neighbers ; hence arises defi-
ciency of stock, imperfect tillage, and scant crops,
with all the consequent train of rent in arrear, wa-
ges ill paid, and debts unsatisfied — distress, duns,
and final ruin. While he, who prudently com-
j,,i mences with only such a number of acres as he
has the power of cultivating with proper effect, is
certain of obtaining the full return from the soil,
and not being burdened with more land than he
can profitably enjoy, his engagements are within
his means; and thus, while enjoying present ease
of mind, he lays the surest foundation for future
prosperity. It therefore behoves a man to weigh
well the charges with his means, and never allow
himself to be seduced, by any ideal pros|)CCt of
gain, into the imprudence of entering upon a lar-
ger farm than his properly will enable him to man-
age with the spirit necessary to ensure success. —
British Husbavilry.

THE BEE.

wii ■

)oi!I''

thJ"'

LARGE AND SMALL FARMERS.
There is no mistake more common nor more in-
iurious, than that of supposing that the more land
a man holdn, the greater must be hia profits ; for
the profit does not arise from the land itself, but
from the manner of using it ; for the best soil may
be made unproductive by bad management, while
the worst may bs rendered profitable by the oppo-
site course; but without j«f//^(cic7i/ c«/)t/u/ no land
can be properly cultivated. At the same lime,
there is nothing to which capital can be opplicd
■with greater certainly of a fair return for liberal
expenditure, when correctly employed, than land, [skin of the fruil in the usual way. Cook them over

TOMATO FIGS.

Patent Office. July 10, 1S4I.

Df.ak Sir — The medicinal qualities of tomatoes
have greatly increased their cultivation, and every
new preparation of the article is deserving conside-
ration. A sample id' "tomato figs" hus just been
deposited at the Patent Office, of a very superior
quality. From the taste I should suppose all the
good ([ualilics of the fruit are retained. In appear-
ance, the drum of tomatoes resembles one of figs
so nearly, that they might easily be mistaken for
the same.

The sample is deposited by Mrs Steiger of this
city, and the recipe transmitted with it is enclosed
for publication. It is deeply to be regretted that
since the periodicals of the day are open to com-
munications, that so many valuable improvpiiicnts
are lost to the world, barely for the want of pub-
licity. Others may have dried the tomatoes with a
recipe, however le's successful.

Very respectfully, II. L. Ellsworth.

Wun. J. .v. Skinntr.

The sting by which the bee defends itself an
its property from its natural enemies, is compost
of three parts ; the sheath anid two darts, whin
are extremely small and penetrating. — Both t'. ''
darts are furniiihed with small points or barbs, ID
that of a fish-hook, which by causing the wouii
inflicted by the sting to rankle, renders it nioi
painful. Still the eflcct of the sting itself wout "
be but flight, if the insect were not provided wii
a supply of poisonous matter, which it injects
the wound. The sheath, which has a sharp poiii
makes the first impression; this is followed by
of the darts, and then the venomous liquor is poU
ed in. The sheath sometimes sticks so fast to U ''
wound, that the insect is obliged to leave it behim
this considerably augments the inflammation of t'J
wound, and to the bee itself the mutilation prow
fatal.

Were it not for the protection of its sling, t'J
bee would have too many rivals in sharing the pN '*
diice of its labors. A hundred lazy animals, frxj "
of honey, and hating labor, would intrude upi
the sweets of the hive : and for want of arin«
guardians to protect it, this treasure would becou
the prey of worthless depredators. It sometiin
happens that a young swarm choose to enter a hi
already occupied ; when a most desperate cMfl
ensues, which will last for hours, and ew n
days, and ihe space around will be found c... er
with the slain. These desperate conflicts not oti
take place between strangers, but also between i
habitants of the same hive — offspring of the sai
mother. The causes which bring division into
united a society have not been hitherto asct
tained.

On fair days, when the sun is warm, duels m% ii
often be seen to take place between two inliab* ':
ants of the same hive. — In some cases the q'larK i
appears to have begun within, and the coinbataN
may be seen coming out of the hive, ea;:r
blows." Sometimes a bee settcd on the on
the hive, or walking about, is rudely jost
another; and then the attack commences, u,
deavoring to obtain the most advantageous jinMiit
They turn, pirouette, and throttle each other ; n
such is their bitter earnestness, that I have .ilV
been enabled to come near enough to obser\e tht
with a lens without causing a separaiion. .Vft
rolling about in the dust, the victor, wale
time when its enemy uncovers his body, by elo
ating it, in the attempt to sting, thrusts its we.npi

between the scales, and the next instant its Miuag
Recipe. — Take six pounds of sugar to one peck nist stretches out its quivering wings, and e
(or K) lbs.) of the fruit. Scald and remove the | pires.

A bee cannot be killed so suddenly, except!

vol.. XX.NO. 0.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

67

igliin;;, as by tlio stinj of nnotlicr hco. Somo
ics the slron;;pr insect produces llie donth of llio
aquUlieil by si|ueciin|^ its clicsL Adcr this feat
I bcMi done, tlio victorioiH boo conslantly re-
ins near bis victim, stnndinij on his fonr front
rs, and rubbing the two posterior ones together,
melimcs iho enemy is killed in the hive; then
I victor nlwnys carries the corpse out of the
J, and leivos it. These combats ate strictly du-
; not more than two bcin^j concerned in them ;
] this is even the case where armies of bees
et in combat. — AVw Havtn Fanners' Gnzdte.

3\V METHOD OF T.\NNI.NG LE.\T1IF.R.

A new method of tannins' h.i3 been introduced
a Mr Hoivd, an account of which is given in
! Wayne Standard. It amounts to this. An
-ti'iht, cylindrical vat is constructed, with nn
lice lor putting in the skins, with pipes by which
admit and discharge the liquor, and with an air-
np lor the purpose of exhausting the air from
hin the vat. Having suspended some skins,
pared in the ordinary way, and produced, as
rly as possible, a vacuum with the air-pump,
le cold hemlock liquor is, after an hour, admit-
and sutTered to remain ten minutes. It is then
barged, and the vat e.vhausted of air and kept
or an hour ; then the liquor is again admitted
ten minutes and discharged. After repeating
process sl.ic times, a piece of calf skin of ordi-
thickness, was taken out, dried and curried,
by good judges pronounced to be a first rate
unequalled quality of leather. To thicker and
ier skins the liquor is admitted from twelve to
teen times. Some pieces when curried, were
ared by evfjcrienced shoemakers and tanners
e hnndsomer, stronger and more flexible leath-
han if tanned in the old way. The time re-
ed is from twelve to ihirtysix hours,
he theory of the process is this. The exhaus-
of the air from the vat removes from the skin
atmospheric pressure which is a chief princi-
of capillary attraction, and causes a rapid evap-
ition, by which the uncharged water and galic
jn the skins are thrown off, and also produces
luction of temperature which etTects a contrac-
of fibre in the skins, thereby further e.xpelling
uncharged water, and thus affords to the liq-
hcii admitted, a more easy and ready pene-
Dn into them.

tery, great attention nliould b<; paid to the skin, to
keep the pores constantly open and the surface
moist. Tho determinations being outward, rather
limn inward, as they are when the disease is pro-
gressing, will disehnrgo the oflciiding causes
through tho pores and thus relieve the system of n
burden, which seeking a different and unhealthy
channel of communication, increases the infiaiiiina-
tion, which in due tiino is followed by mortifica-
tion an<l death. We .-ihould as soon think of rub-
bing brandy on to a sore upon the skin, occasioned
by the scraping off of the flesh, with a view to heal
it, as to turn so violent a medicine into the inflamed
and bleeding intestines. In case nf diurrhiT'a, this
may be a useful prescription, because it will stimn-
lale the cold system and arouse it to an eflort to
throw off the disease; but in cases of dysentery, it
is but adding fuel to tho fire. — Maine Cult.

DYSENTERY.

3 the season of dysentery, which is a very fa-
ompluint, is near by, suffer us to advise pa-
i to keep their children by all means from un-
and indigestible fruit and exposures to colds,
n a patient is attacked by dysentery, give him
derate dose of castor oil — no drastic physic —
enuu^'h gently to remove the offending con-

of the bowels, and put him to a generous
L The skin has an important office to per-
in tho cure of this disease. Let mucilagi-

driiiks. such as slippery elm, mallows, buck-
, break root, &.C., be given freely, to operate
she;ithing for the inflamed intestines. This
e Ireaiuient, pursued in season, may save the

of your children, and the expense of a doc-
bi'.l. Many people do not seem to know that
hcEa is not dysentery. They are widely dif-
t diseases, and should have different treat-
In the one case, the bowels are cold — in
ther, healed and inflamed. In case of dysen-

BIRDS AND THEIR NESTS.

By making the performance of indispensable dii.
ties delighllul, and by proportioning the sense or
degree of pleasure to the importance of the act, the
Supreme Being seems to oonsummate His designs,
and to govern the world by means that strikingly
display the beneficence of His nature; since,
through his omnipotence, every thing might have
been accomplished by compulsatory and arbitrary
laws.

This principle is beautifully illustrated in what,
at first sight, appears the least pleasurable path of
duty, — in the nidification of birds; though upon it
depends the continuance of the species ; and,
when attentively considered, it affords a fine ex-
emplification, not only of the tcisilom of God in the
creation, but of his f:ooJness. I allude to the feel-
ing, or sentiment, which animates and gives joy to
the breast of a bird, during what appears to us, the
irksome and arduous task of incubating her eggs.

To the eye of a careless observer, the spectacle
of a little bird cowering close to the earth, in some
solitary spot, under the waving canopy of a broad
leaf or tuft of grass — remote from communion with
her old associates — neglectful of all those little
niceties and personal attentions of trimming ami '
smoolhening her plumage, which heretofore she I
had been wont to perform with so much care — re-
linquishing her favorite haunts by the brook, the •
spray, or the grove — no longer free to enjoy her
morning excursicms through the clear azure of
heaven, to hail the rising orb of day — forgetting,
almost to gather tho necessary supply of food — sit- 1
ting for days and nights and weeks together, on a
little bed of weeds, careless whether it be light or
dark, hot or cold, wet or dry, and wholly regardless
of every thing which, but a short time before, had
yielded her delight ; — to such an observer, a spec-
tacle like this might appear not only extraordinary,
but even unaccountably stupid; and he would at
least consider it as an instance of singular and dis-
tressing patience. But tho true philosopher of na-
ture knowg the real state of the case to be far
from being either painful, or an exciting cause of
pity. He knows that the most dear, sweet, tender,
important and interesting of all sentiments, is at
that time pervading the whole palpitating bosom
of the little bird, and imparting to it a joy the most
thrilling and unutterable.

It is in marking the birth and progress of this
secret, mysterious, impulse, that we are able to
perceive its force and utility. If the duty of incu-
bation had not been accompanied, as it is, by sen-

sations of tho highest pleasure, wu may readily im-
agine that, from tho trouble and privation-i to be
supported during its continuance, there wouhl have
been great danger of its not being performed at
all ; and, consequently, a risk of extinction to that
race of animals. But, by n wise dmpcnHalion of
Providence, tho exquisite feelings of joy by which
this service is accompanied, are inado to increase
exactly in proportion to the necessity tliero exists
for the allontions of the parent. Thus, in the ea'ly
stages of incubation, this pleasurable sensation to
which I am alluding, is felt only in n small degree ;
but, with the deposito of each succeeding egg, it
increases in fervor, till, at length, when the whole
number are laid, it has reached such a height and
constancy, that the bird finds she can no longer
endure an absence from them; she therefore coy.
ers and presses them close to her bosom, and as,
by the genial warinih of her body, the embryo
gradually matures, her attention and assiduity be-
come more and more fixed, and her whole existence
seems absorbed in that critical moment when tho
shell cracks, opens, and the trembling naked little
youngling tumbles into active life.

Hitherto, the pleasures of the parent seem to
have consisted in u total abstraction of all her fac-
ulties from external objects, in delightful reverien
of fancy, or in dreams of the future. She seems
to have been looking forward with pleasing, patient
hope, for the period when her little ones should
break from their imprisonment, and become tenants
of the air. Converting, by these means, what
would otherwise be a painful task, into the most
delightful employment of her existence. Now,
when she finds the reward of her assiduity ; when
she feels her new-born progeny crowding to her
downy breast; she is all life and spirit From tho
earliest dawn to the fall of twilight, she is constant-
ly on the wing, seeking far and near for tho food
suitable for them. She seems never weary, is nev-
er negligent. The cries of her callow brood are
continually sounding in her ear. She feels that
they require her constant care, and she gives it —
But in the midst of all this interesting bustle, it is
curious and instructive to observe, that from the
moment in which the young are emancipated from
the egg-shells, tho period when attention is most
necessary, the fervor and constancy of affection in
the parent gradually abates as they become feather-
ed and acquire strength. The period of hatching
is the grand climax ; before that time it has been
gradually increasing ; afterwards, it as gradually
declines, exactly in the ratio of the necessity, till
it is no longer required, when it ceases altogether,
and the offspring are left to shift for themselves.
So wise, so regular, so unerring, are the laws which
govern this beautiful creation. — Folhergill's Phi-
losophy ofA/alural History.

Swedish Stables — In Sweden the horse stables
are never littered at all. Tho floors of the stable
are planked ; the planks perforated with holes, su
that no wet can remain on them; and these planks
kept clean, are the only bedding allowed. To this
method of treating their horses, (strange as it ap-
pears to Englishmen, or those who litter their sta.
bles carefully,) the Swedes attribute the soundness
of their horses' feet, as it is quite uncommon to
meet with a lame or foundered horse in Sweden,
that has been so stabled.

We are ruined not by what we want, but by
what we think wc want.

68

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

SEPT. 1, Ig4I.

REMEDY FOR TUB GLANDERS, fee. IN
HORSES.
Seeing in one of iho numbers of the Farmer's
Register, an account of a fatal disease prevailing
amonw the horses in some of the lower counties
which I supposed to bo the glanders, or blind stag
pers, from the manner in which they are affected
I am induced to communicate to my brother far-
mers through your valuable paper, a remedy that I
have never known to fail of i-flVcting a cure, if
practiced in time. Whether the ijlanilers, and
what is called the blind staggers, is the s;ime dis
ease or not, they are certainly nearly allied. Th'
head i.s the scat of the disease in both ca.=e8 ; it
commences with violent inflammatinn of the head,
and soon matter forms in the glands between the
nostril and brain. The disease prevailed in this
neigl'.borhood some twenty years ago. The first
horse I had ever seen with the disease, belonged
to my father, who hi;d lost several previous to the
one tlien sick ; the horse was then on his broad-
side, !ind was given up ns a hopeless case. I had
heard that bori:ig into tin; scull with a gimlet,
would relieve them. I procured a large ten-penny
gimlet, and just between the eyes of the horse I
bored in about three inches. This gave vont to
tlie matter which had formed in the glands, the
horse appeared to be relieved from pain, and by
introducing a probe for a day or two, the horse
was upon his feet and feeding, and in a few weeks
was entirely recovered, and was a serviceable liorse
for some years. The next case was a riding horse
of my own. Such was the violence of the pain,
that he would thrust his head against ihe side of
the stable and boar with his weight for a minute,
then stagger about until he became too weak to
stand. 1 tiicn proceeded to bore with a ton-penny
gimlet as described in the other case, and in a few
weeks the horse was well.

Jf'orms in Children While I have my pen in

my hand, I will give you another fact which may
profit some of your readers. I took charge of my
estate twentyseven years ago, having from that
tiiiie until now, from thirty to si.\ty in my family,
[the writer is a slaveholder,] and within tliat time
have not lost one child under twelve years, (either
black or white,) with the exception of one a few
liours after its birth, and I attribute it principally
to the following remedy, which keeps them free
from worms: take the fat of old bacon sliced and
fried in a pan until the essence is all out of it,
t"ke out the rind first, then put in as much worm-
seed (vulgarly called Jerusalem oak,) as is neces.
sary, as much sugar or molasses as will make it
palatable, give it three mornings in succession.
The children will eat it freely — some you will
have to restrain from eating too much. Incredible
OB It may appear, I have known us many ns one
hundred and twenty or thirty large worms come
from a child of three or four years old. I usually
give the medicine spring and fall. I am satisfied
that if the above remedy was more practiced In
families, that it would be the moans of preserving
the lives of many children, for if worms are not the
immediate cause of disease with cliildren, thev

greatly aggravate disease-ol any other character.

Fiirmtrs' Register.

ICE HOUSES.
A correspondent has addressed to us inquiries
rolating to the use of tan in fitting up ice-honscs
In answer to his inquiries, we re-publish from vol.
X. page ]2;) of the N. E. Farmer, the following
communication :

Mr Ffsse.vden — Your correspondent C, whose
communication was given vol. x. page ]:{, of the
New England Farmer, complains of not being nble
to keep his ice thro!i;:h the summer, and imputes it
to tiie soil on which his house is located. I have
an ice-house which is built on the same kind of
soil which he describes, say a gravelly knoll. I
dug a pit sny from 8 to 12 inches larger than I in-
tended the frame. I dug it about 8 (cet below the
surface, and with the gravel which came out of the
pit, I raised it about 2 feet. My frame was 10
feet long, 8 feet wide, and 10 t'cet deep. I plank-
ed it up with two-inch hemlock planks, and filled
the space on the outside, which was from 8 to 12
inches, with tan, and rammed it down as fast as I
planked it up, till I came to the top of the frame.
I then put on rafters of joists 4 or .5 inches Sfjuare,
and linc.'d them and filled the space with tan as
tight as it could be rammed in, and then shingled
the roof. The ends were boarded up, with a door
at each end, for the convenience of filling the house.
My house holds about (! cords. I fill it with square
pieces of ice, as close as I i;an pack them. I put
nothing between the layers of ice, nor on the sides,
nor do I break any in pieces to fill up the spaces,
except broken pieces that will not make good stow,
age. I have filled the house to the top of the
frame. I then fill the roof with shavings, and ram
them down as tight as I can. I have had no diffi-
culty in keeping my ice, and have spared as much
as we have used, and have often ice in the house
when we clear it for filling afresh. I think shav-
ings are bettor than straw, as they will not rot so
soon by the dampness. I go to the ice-house at
any time of day when ice is wanted. My ice-
house has no drains to it. Under the plank at bot-
tom, I rounded out a place lengthwise, about a foot
deep, sloping towards the middle like an egg cut in
t"u lengthwise, which I think is sufficient to re-
ceive all the water that will waste from the ice.
I remain, with respect,

Your most obedient servant,

A SinscRiBEii.

Mciljord, Oct. 28, 1631.

Horn Distemper. A correspondent of the Bos-
ton Cultivator says a spoonful of boiling hot brim-
stone, put into the cavity just between the horns, is
the best application for this disease.

If every farmer would cultivate no more land
with an exhausting crop than he could well man-
age— if he would never plant upon jiloned ground
with the view of taking more of the original stami-
na from the land in the present crop than he com-
municates to it — we should see much lees of what
is called poor land. From what we daily see in
travelling the country, we are inclined to the be-
lief that there is much less difTerencc in the quality
of land than there is in the treatment of it. (Strong
land with a hard pan, yields more when it is first
cleared and will last longer than lighter lands;
but when both shall be reduced by several exhaust-
ing crops, it begins to be generally conceded that
the lighter land for many purposes is more valua-
ble than the stronger, heavier lands. Pursuing a
regular rotation of crops with efTeclual manuring,
it is even thought the lighter land will give most
profit, and that the crop through tlie extremes of
drought and wet, will be most sure. — rarmer's
.Monthly I'isilor.

.ui

l;0t

From the New Hampshire Sentiucl.

HOOF AIL.

Mksshs EniTons — An article appeared in the
columns of your paper, in April last, requesting in.
formation in regard to a disorder which has been
prevalent for some time past among cattle general-
ly termed the Hoof-ail. It is truly a very bad dis-
ease, and calls for the attention of every one "!io
is engaged in agricultural pursuits, and has a -; ck
of cattle under his care. That cattle are su' ■■i^t
to disease, as well as the human species, I tiuiik
will be readily admitted by every one who dikes
the matter into consideration. We find, by re-
curring to the past history of our countrv, that
the human family do not live to attain to so rrcat
an ago, generally speaking, ot the present da\
enjoy uninterrupted good health, as they fun
did, when the country was new. And may l^
draw the same inference in regard to the
creation ? Are they as hearty and robust, do tiiey
thrive and do as well at the present day, as they
did when the country was new — when our pastures
and mowing lands abounded with white clover, and
grasses of a similar nature? We- tliiuk thov do
not.

The writer of the article above alluded to, it ap.
pears, wished to know if the lameness among caU
tie at present, is the Hoof-ail, so termed, and ■
produced by a substance on the grass called
got. That there is an excrcsence to be found
tached to the grass of that kind, and its poisoning
qualities producing the lame disease, we cnniuil "
deny, although I have never seen any thing of tllll
kind growing out of the same. One thing, howo'
er, is certain, that there is something which tl
cattle get that produces the disorder alluded to.-4i
We give our views on the subject, and the cnlighf
ened public may make such comments on tlicui a
they may deem most proper.

From partial experience and observation, I fidj
that where pastures having June grass growing
tliem are fed so short that it canhot attain to mui
height, and where it is cut early for hay, this lami
ness is not so prevalent among cattle. I ha'
some of the June grass on niy farm, and have i
years past had two of my cows troubled wiili th
Hoof-nil. One of them was very lame, and 1 drii
her, (for she gave milk, and I never knew of oi
aine that did not,) and she soon got well. Tl
other was taken lame in the fall, and so continm
through the winter, growing worse all the time,
milked her during that period, thinking I woi
see the result. In the spring I took a parcel
bones boiled soft in weak ley made from as
pounded those that were not fine, and gave them
her, ond she ate them ; 1 likewise gave the rest
my cows some, and occasionally saltpetre mi:
with salt The lame one soon got woll, and
well ever after, while I kept her. In short, I w
sny that I think, by giving milch cows, in
spring, a plenty of bones boiled in weak ley, a
wards enough salt, with once in a while some s
petre pounded fine and mixed with it, say a ti
spoonful to a cow, and cutting the liay very ei
where the June grass grows, keeping the paiti
fed short in summer, and the cattle in warm
bios through the winter, properly tended, iheH
ail will not bo very troublesome. The synip
preceding this malady seem to be, a loss of apj
tite, growing poor, going stiff, gnawing boi
sticks, &c. A board well soaked io the etali

ft.

vol.. TT. XO. 0.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

69

he biirii_viir<l, simmus to rclisli boat. I havo tliou|;lit
omclimps tlint it was clicspcr to kocu cows on
leoilock boards than on liay, especially if liny was

'20 a ton. [This supfe«tion is worthy i-oii-

iduration — for aside from the probable a(lvanln;:e
n point of economy, of " kocpinu" cows on ktmlock
oards in lic'i of hay, the huHrr from slock thus
kept," would doubtless brinp an extra price, from
he pteuliarxty of its flavor I — " I'. D."]
My cows have done well pvcrsince I have Ircat-
thcm in the manner alluded to above. I have
d no cows lame for two years past, and fed none
"raid of the disorder.
Jior6ury, July, 1841. C. G. B.

From llie Alliany CuUivalor.

IMPROVE.MK.XT I.V SHINGLING.

Messrs Gaytord J,- Tucker — It is known to every
r»on of observation, that shinsjles composing the
lof of a building-, first give way round tho nail,

ing doubtless to the walor penetrating by the

I hole. In tlic erection of a barn this summer
my farm near this place, it was a matter of

me consideration with me to remedy this defect,
doptrd the following simple, cheap, and I be-
ve ejicaiious plan. I have nicnlioncd it to a
mber of experienced workmen and gentlemen of
dgnient, and they coincide in one opinion of its
antages. I have therefore thought it a duty to
mmunicato through the medium of your paper,
at others may be benefited by its adoption. The
10 is this: — The workmen, when shingling, have
small tin cup suspended at their breast, by a
ing passed around the neck — into the cup is put
portion of white lead ground in oil, of the con-
tence as taken from the keg of the manufactu-
; — as the workman handles the nail, he dips
point into the white load, to which a portion
heres ; — when driven, the white lead is forced up
the nail passes in, and completely fills np the
le, and the head of the nail is imbedded in the
nt, thus preventing the penetration of w-ater by
cail-hole, and the corrosion of the nail-liead.
le progress of the workman is very little retard-
by the operation. A keg of 2.) lbs. will do for
out ten thousand shingles. The same process

II do for sideingor weather-boarding, and indeed
every instance where the nail is exposed to the
ather. JAS. L. BOWMAN.
Brownsville, Penn., June U3, 1841.

This should ho her sole aim. Sho may do as
much nt homo towards making a fortune, ns he can
do in tho workshop or tho counting room. It is
not the mont'V earned that makes a man wealthy —
it is what ho saves from his earnings. A good
and prudent husband makes a depositu of the fruits
of his labor with his best friond ; and if the friend
be not true to him, what hos he to hope ? If he
dare not place confidence in tho companion of his
bosom, whore is ho to place it? A wife acts not
for herself only, but she is the agent of tho man
she loves, and she i^ bound to act for his good, and
Rol for her own gratification. Her husband's pood
is the end to which she should aim — his approba-
tion is her reward. Self-gratification in dress, or
indulgence in appetite, or more company than his
pur.se can well entertain, arc equally pernicious:
the first adds vanity to extravagance — the second
fastens a doctor's bill to a long butcher's account —
and the latter brings intemperance, the first of all
evils, in its train. — Suiibury ,'lmer.

AMERICAN WOOL PRODUCT.

To those who have paid the subject but little
attention, the amount of money invested in the pro-
duction of wool within the United States, will seem
surprising. It is very generolly believed that this
is quite a secondary branch of our general interest,
instead of one of the most fruitful sources of our
wealth, and best deserving tho cherishing protec-
tion of our Government. As shown by tho returns
of the late census, we have in this country, exclu-
sive of North Carolina, Michigan and Kentucky,
19,085,903 sheep ; and taking ten dollars as the
average value of land necessary to sustain a sheep
and make a fair allowance for the price of the ani-
mals themselves, for the labor necessary for their
proper superintendence with that required to pre-
pare their product for its first market, which are as
much part of the investment as the land which sus-
tained them, the aggregate amount of capital in-
vested in this branch of industry will be at least
two hundred millions of dollars. This is certainly
an immense sum, and well deserves the attention
of the General Government. At present, England
supplies us annually with some ten millions worth
of broadcloths, and after all chooses to import her
wool from the continent, to the entire exclusion of
our own. In 1839, her entire import of this article
was 57,.3f>5,944 pounds, and while we had some
40,000,000 pounds of wool remaining at home,
nearly two fifths of the whole woollen manufac-
tures of Great Hritain came to the U. States. And
yet we have only $15,000,000 invested in woollen
manufactures.

Of the aggrngatii amount of wool grown in tho
United States in 18.39, New York produced 4,012,-
144 pounds; Ohio, 3,i;.i0,970 ; Vermont, 2,2.57,795 ;
which, in proportion to her population, is much the
largest amount grown in any State; Pennsylvania,
3,07ti,783; Virginia, 2,072,044 ; Maine, ],40.5..")ol ;
New Hampshire, 1,200,988; Indiana, 1,202,209;
Massachusetts, 1,0,55,.")91 ; Tennessee, 1,029,510;
and the other States various amounts biitween the
89.3,075 pounds of Connecticut, and the 45,524 of
Louisiana .V. Y. TViiune.

SALT AND A.SIIES MI.XED FOR STOCK.

Last winter (says a correspondent of the Far-
mer's Journal,) I saw it recommended in an agri-
cultural paper, to mix salt with ashes for itock. —
Having tested the utility of the practice, I am now-
prepared to speiik favorably of it, and from a firm
conviction that slock, of all descriptions, are risen-
tially honefiled thereby. My cows, work-horses,
and young cattle, as well as sheep, have been reg-
ularly supplied with it, as often as once a week,
since tho snow went off, and notwithstanding tho
feed in tho pastures has been quite short, in conse-
quence of drought, for a large part of the season,
tho animals are healthy, and generally in better
condition than we have known them for years.

Sheep, especially, are extremc'ly fond of it, pre-
ferring it to pure salt, and eating it as eagerly as
they do meal or corn. As to the general elTicocy
of the practice, and its tendency as respects the
health of stock, I will merely say in conclusion,
that I am acquainted with several farmers that have
made the same trial, and that no instance, with
which I am familiar, or which has fallen under my
notice, has it be»n attended with other than the
best effects. The proportions in which the ingre-
dients should be given, are one part salt to seven
of ashes. The salt, should be fine, and the ashes
dry and free from coals. If thought necessary, tho
salt may be increased in quantity to two or even
three quarts, instead of one. Try it, farmers, and
see if it doth not '' do good like a medicine"

A Fakmer.

A horse-rake, to collect leaves, &.c. from the
woods, has been invented by Mr Lowncs, and is
described in the .Southern Planter. It is formed
by boring 8 two-inch holes through a locust or gum
log, and putting teeth, made of seasoned locust,
drawn to a point, and driven through from the top
of the log. The teeth are two feet long, the log
eight inches in diameter, and three feet and a half
long; the shafts just long enough to balance the
log, which falls back con.siderably, from the great
loan the teeth arc obliged to have, to collect the
trash. With this rake, the inventor has collected
fifteen cartloads an hour, and calculates upon ob-
taing at the rate of fifteen hundred loads a year.

Preserving Eggs. A Mr Jaync, of Yorkshire,
England, obtained a patent for the following re-
ceipt for preserving eggs, which wn think worthy
of trial :

One bushel of quick lime, 32 ounces of salt, 8
ounces of cream of tartar.

Mix the same together with as much water os
will reduce the composition to such a consistency
Ihatan egg when put into it will swim.

By this method, it is said, eggs have beeh kept
sound two years.

The best cucumbers for pickles are those not
much larger than a man's thumb. If not conve-
nient to pickle them all at once, they may be salted
down, like pork, and freshened any time of year
afterwards, as they may be wanted.

jyifchanics' Fair. — We are happy to learn that
the coming Fair of the .Mass. Charitable Mechan-
ic Association, will equal, if not surpass, in splen-
dor and variety, any of its former ones. The Su-
perintendent is now at Quincy Hall, where con-
tributors are requested to call and give notice of
their intentions. It is encouraging to know that
our New England artisans Icke such an interest in
and appreciate this well deserving exhibition, which
gives so good an opportunity for the display of
works of gen'usand art. — Boston paptr.

70

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. 1, 18 1 1

A.Ml HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BOBTOS, Wednesday, Septembeb, 1, 1841.

INDIAN CORN— CUTTING OR TOPPING THE
STALKS.

It is a well norertained fact the leaves perrurm an im-
pfirlant part in airfing the growih and in maturini; all
our friiiis and grains. Tliny clalmr.ite tin- sap and fit it
for nourishing evrry part oflhe plant. This bi'tng ad-
mitted, Ihe inft-rencn nenc^sariiy follows, that the leaves
should not be removed as long as the fruit requires more
nourishment. If the top is lakfn from ihc stalk while
the corn i'l yet imnnture, nothing else eon fan exprtcil
to result, than a diminution "f the crop. Those firmers
who are accustomt'd to eul the stalk while it is green,

ver is worth more; and we have no douht thrl the corn person is deformed ; one having a broken arm ; an.

is sweeter and heavier. The summer grains, wheat, rye
and barley, are lessoned in quantity and dcieri"rated in
quality, by standing uncut after the slrav; begins to turn
yellow ; and, until experience proves the contrary, it
might be expected that the same would be true in rela-
tion to Indian corn. Our experience is in »ci ordance
with this expectation. Some ears from our field, taken
where the stalks had been topped, and other ears taken
from Ihe stooks wure exhibited at the show oflhe Essex
Agricultural Society, Inst autumn, and the committee on
fruits and flowers, piiblirly, in their report, pronounced
that the best wliieh was laUen from the stooks.

Process — About one week later than the usual time
of topping the stalk-<, when the husks on the earliest
cars arc beginnini; to turn wliile, cut at the root, laying
three or four hills together for a bimdle ; lay the butts
or bottoms even ; the corn may be bound up immedi-
ately, green as it is ; or it may be left open a day or two
to dry. Rye straw, bulrushes or chair-flags are more

After the

may be losers by the operation.

Various experiments have been mndi — all of which, as I convenient for bands thon the corn stalk
fir as WIS know— go t'l prove that where the proress of | binding of the bundles, the corn may be stonkcd iinme-
culting IS omitted, the crop is from 10 to 20 pel cent rliately, taking eight or ten bundles for a slook ; around

greater, than where the lop is taken oflT, when the grain

has but just h( gun to harden. Mr Clark's account given

in Vol. X. of this paper, and other accounts in subse- j harm

quent years all show as great a diff'erencc .is wo have i Fears mav he

named. One remark in those aec.'unts deserves pnrlicu- eorn will

the top put two or three bands ; and if these be well put
on, the rains will not penetrate so far as to do any

nould.

mtertained that in this condition the
But our experience leaches otherwise.

with a broken leg — a third a distorted spine, &c.,
bad as appearances were there will bo two thirds of
three fourths of a usual crop. Week afler week the stalka
have hern corning into shapa, and now, a ^trangcr to the
grounds, would not suspect that the corn had been sub-
jected to any extraordinarily rough usage. — The point to
which attention is culled, and which may be of service
to those who may in future years receive a similar visl
talioii, is this. Where the field was left untouched, the
crop recovered more fully and rapidly than where clip
ping was resorted t". In a field adjoining ours, two|
rows through the centre of the corn lot were clipped a
the ground ; at the present time, there is little if any
more than half as much, either of stalks or gi
those rows, as on others which were left to woik their
way unaided.

Many of the beets, carrots, ruta baga, &c., were killed
but those which survive are making a fair growth.

When giving our former accounts we estimated the
damage to the small town of Wenham at $1000 ; but''
at present we should rate it at twice that sum. One of
the hardships occasioned by the slorm, has been a gen-
eral deprivation of vegetables for home coneumplion,
during five or six weeks of that portion oflhe year when
these make a very acceptable, cheap, and wholsome fuud,
and constitute an important part oflhe farmer's dinner.

lar notice. It is staled thai, before harvesting, there was
no ptrri-ptihU difPereiibe in Ihc two parcels of corn with
which the trial was triad e ; and yet when tried in the
half-bushel and by the scales, the result has been uni-
form in lavor of leaving the slalk unniulilated.

Now we neither expect nor ask farmers to depart en-
tirely from their usual' process, but as it is easy for them
to leave two or four rows through their cornfield un-
touched, and ihen to measure the product of those rows,
and also of an equal number of contiguous rows at the
time of harvesting, and thus confirm or refute iIih cor-
rectness of the opinion that it injures the corn to take
off the top— as this is an easy process, we request every
grower of this crop, who may chance to read this article
to make the experiment. If it shall be found that the
nsual proce.<s subjeels us to a loss of 7 to 10 bushels of
corn ]>>-r acre, as the published accounts teach that it
docs, thon the question is surely worth settling. If the
loss be Ihus large, then every consideration of interest,
calls upon our farmers to abandon their old ways.

But it will be said that the top stalks arc worth much
more as fodder, if cut while full of sap This is true ;
and the question to be settled is, whether more is gained
by the increased worth of the slover, thnn is iost by the
diminution of the corn. Experiments — experiments in
many fields should be made for tho purpose of deter-
mining this point. We urge this with more earnestness
than we do most experiments; because hero there is
scarcely tho possibility of a loss which could be sensibly
fell by even tho poorest farmer.

The siatenient above referred lo, that no difference
was perr-eived in the parcels of cfirn before harvesting,
shows the importance of avoiding all guess work in this
mailer. — We have been satisfied from oilier sources that
very few eyes can make any near approar h lo accuracy
in mc.isuring the quantity of corn upon an acre ; or in
measuring the comparative yield of tyvu contiguous
rows. There should bo accurate measurement.

INUIA.N CORN-CUTTING AT Till", ROOT AND
STOOKING
We have been accustomed for a few years past ti this
process, and we prefer it to topping the stalk, and leav-
ing tliu corn standing. We have no doubt ihal the slo-

We have had it in lhissiluati(m through surcessive days
of warm wet weather, and no injury sulTered. Here it
is secured against frost, against birds — (but not mice) —
it is mostly secured against ihe dirt which autumn rains
throw upon tho leaves and husks. Let it remain in
slook until it is well dried — from three lo five or six
weeks. Large stalka stand in stook much better than
small ones. The larger the corn, the better is it suited
to this process of curing.

THE WEATHER. |

After a long absence of any copious rains in this vicin-.
ily, we were favored on Salurd.ay and Sunday, with;
thick mists, and on Monday, with an abundant rain.j
The long continuance of the fogs and cliuds renders it^
probable that the rain has been widely extended, and
gives hope that the later harvest and iho auiumn leod
will revive and flourish.

THE EFFECTS OF THE HAIL STORM.

Our readers may recollect what we said of the devas-
tation produced by the storm which swept over the town
of Wenham and over our own fields on the 30lh of June.
The appearances on Ihe following day were that the la-
bors of the husbandmen in that vicinity would receive
but a small return. The damage has been great; the
grass was badly hmken, and the fields were thickly
strewn with briiiichrs which the wind rent from tho
trees; the bay crop, eonsuquenlly, was considerably
damaged; the pastures, too, received a pounding which
checked the growih of grass upon them, and lessened
the feed ; all the small grains were broken down, and
where they had advanced so far ns to lie iieaded out,
the crop was nearly ruined ; but the Idle-sown oats ro-
covered or grew up anew, and arc now ripening. Peas
were cut ofl", but started again from tho roots and horo
abundantly about the lOlh of August; beans were se-
riously injured ; vines were badly cut lo pieces, but those
whic.T survived, have made a fair growth. Early pota-
toes which were in blossom at the lime of the storm,
killed; but the lops of late varieties have attained to a
fair size : all the lenrler branches of trees were badly
bruised, and will show their scars fur years to come ;
all the fruit upon the side of those most exposed to the
slorm was beaten of^*— and the lilllo that remains upon
the opposite side was so bruised that it is gnarled and of
hut little worth. The Indian Corn, wos beaten inlo
shreds; there was little hope that it would recover-
But most of the stalks, afkor a time, raised thuir heads;
ihe batteri d rind or skin peuled off — looking like cast o(T
snake skins all over the ground — the stalks were crooked
in all possible ways, and the appearance oflhe i rop may

It is slated ihal ',.'0 or ;)n cattle have died red
the vicinity of Hyfield, Mass., from eating (it is
ed) the leaves ol the wild cherry tree. They e.xpirei
be conceived by imagining a community in which every in a few hours al^cr they -were attacked.

MasaachuaettB Ilortlciiltaral Society.

EXHIBITION OF mOITS.

Salurilaij, .lui'. ','-

From S. Pond, Cambridgeporl— Plums, of uni ,,i.il
variety and excellence — viz : Isabella, Washingion, I very
large aii'l fine) ; Duane's Purple, Smith's Orleans, H. ind'j
l-^eedling." Italian Damask, White Gage, Hiiighain,
Prince's Imperial Gage. Mr Pond also exhibited spe-
cimens of the Julienne, Gushing and Bartlett Pears— the
latter unripe.

From Robert Manning, Salem — Pears; Uearbirn't
Seedling (fine) ; Summer Franc Real, IJ'Ainoror, (jieen
."•iimmer Sugar, August Muscat, Passaus d' Porinjjal,
Gros Blonquet, Julienne, (fine.) Plums— Drop .; Or
and a g-md specimen of the Grnvcstein apple.

From Olis Jnhiisim, Lynn — Washingion Pluiiis

Kiom John F. Al.cn, Sulem—Barllell and Sunnner
Franc Real Pears — the latter uncommonly fine ; (inpes
R.usaurabe and Constanlia. Peaches — Early 11 yal
George — handsome.

From John C. Leo, Salem — Grapes; Black Himtlnrg
and Zinfendal — beautiful specimens. Pears; Juln hue
and Valle Franch ; also, the Green Flesh Pine Apple
Melon.

From M. P. Wilder — Pears; Julienne, Dcail. lu'i
Seedling and llassel ? Plums; Pond's Seedling. I'.ing-
ham and Green Gage.

From J. Lnvelt, Iteveily — Early Bough Apples ; I! zi
lihinc Pears; beautiful specimens of the V.asliin'toa
Plum and the Pine Apple Melon.

From J. L. L F. Warren, Brighton— Black HaijMirg
G-apes; Duane's Purple and Bingham Plums- oij

iv iloyi
-VVynk

I'rnm G B Perry
lifiil and of fine llav

For Ihe Committee,

nop Harvest ! Apples ; b^au-,

OTIS JOHNSON

9-

vol.. \x, \o. o.

AND II 0 R T I C U L T U I( A I. R E G I S ']' E R .

71

M VS-. V< 111 SKTTS IIOIITHII.TIK \ I. SIX'll

lU" " « T 1 I 1- J I I

'rhi> .Vs^rAi. Kiiiiiiirio.f, of ilio M«(«»arhu- f

Its llorticiilturni !<<H-ii'iv. Hill lii> Ik'UI iil tlirir
(.III, 23 'rri-mnnt Row.' on Urdntsiiaij, Tkurt

y mid triJiiy. •,>ad, ii.l and •-Mil. nf ti|-|ii.

Per order oi the Coniiiiitliinor .'\irnnf(i'inenls

S. WALKf.K. tAiiiriiKin.

Boston, Sopt. i">, \H\.

TIIKKMO.MKIKItAl..
RriMirtFd lor Ihr Nriv Knslnnil Kutmi-I.
Ra.'ij^odhc rhcrnwTiieler nl tlir (^nrdpiinf tlie prnpriclort
the New Englnnd Fiirnirr, Hrif[bl<>n, Mum. in n •haded
orlhcrly cx(>o»ur«, week emtinj; A(tgu»l 29.

Aii^u-t, 1S41.

lies.!.,
fdu-
h.„>.l,>-,
ri.l.iv.
II ir.lav,
ii..l.iy;

.,l,y.

I5A.M

12,.M.|

7,I'.M. 1

1 ^'

72

63

1 60

75

66

1 50

79

67

1 S3

S4

68 1

S<

72

66 1

r.<

72

66 1

C6

70

64 1

Wind.

E.

S. E.

E.

E.

S.

E.

S. E.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrtclfd tcith great care^ iteekty
SEisOS. Herds Grass, verv Utile in market. Red Top,
I cents. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Southern, lu c.
■I'll, SI, 37 to I SI l.u. Lucerne, 25 c, per lli.
FLOL'K. Howard Street S6 87— Genesee S7 23— Ohio
7".

RAIN'. Corn — Northern Yellow none — Round Yel-
..i—Soiitliern Flat Yeliow SO— While 30 — Bye—
rlh'Tn 70 to 72 — Southern none. Oats — Southern 45 to
-Nonhirn 50 to 54.

ROV'SIONS. Beet-Mess tlO 50 lo II no— Prime
50 — No. 1 $9 no. Pork— E»lra— 15 00— Clear 14 50—
!s Si:t on. Hams — Norihcrii 9 c. per Ih — Southern,
e. t.ard— Boston 9 c per Ih. — Soutliern, 8 to S 1-2.
tier— Lump IS to 22— Firkin 12 to 13— Shippin? 8 to 14.
JAV. per Ion, S18 to20-Easlern Screwed 814 to 16.
■:HkF.SE--Old II c — News.
•!G(;s, '4 a 16.

■VOOL— The market for this article has not experienced
chriii^o of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and there
ui a limited supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces the
■k IS also moderate. Prime or Saxonv Fleeces, washed,
so to 5.5 c. — .American full I'lood, waslicd, 47 lo 50--Do
hlood. washed, 44 to 46- Do. 1-2 Wood, washed, 36 to
1-4 an'l common do, 35 to 37 — Smyrna Sheep, washed,
o 23--Do. unwashed, 10 to 14 — Ben^si Sheep, 8 to 10 —
nos .Avres unpicked, 7 to 10 — Superfine Norincrn pulled
h 43 to 41" — No. I do. do. 37 to 42— No 2 do do 2S to 30
o 3 dodo 13 to 20.

ItiHTON MARKKT.—Mo.sriAr, August 30, ltt4I.

Reportpd fur the New Encl-inil Farmer.
.1 Market S25I$eef Cattle, 1100 Stores, 5,100 Sheep,
900 Swine. 275 Swine were reported last week. A
« number of Callle, Sheep and Swine unsold.
HiCES. — lleef Catllt — We continue last week's quo-
ins, viz: — First quality, $.5 50 a 5 75. Second quali-
|4 75 a 5 25. Third quality S3 00 a 4 25.
iOTts. — Wo noticed a small lot of Two year old's
for $», and a lot for $10 and 12. We quote Two
old, $8 a 14. Three year old, .«I2 a 19.
» futp. — A large number of store sheep were at mar-
I and many nf the Inmbs were small and ordinary,
^ cs low, and dull We noticed lots of ordinary lambs
for 50c, 8*1, SI 00 nnd $1 12. Better qualities,
!5, $1 33, $1 C2, §1 75, $2 00 and 82 12.
ri/ie. -Dull. Lota to peddle selected, 3 and 3 3 4
ons and 4 and 4 1-4 for barrows. i\ lot old hogs,
barrows, at 3, and a lot of barrows at 3 1-2. At re-
4 and 5.

ORIENT.^I.. POPPY.

le best time for planting this masinificent Perennial, is
resent lime. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Pio-
/hilljtii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
rica. ikc, from 50 cents to i\ on per root.

.sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 51 and 02
h Market Street. Sept. 1

B01,BOIS ROiiTS.

le subscribers offers for sale a great variety of Pteonies,
>owa Imperials, and other Bulbous and fibrous
d plants wbiob are most successfully planted in August.
10, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous roots of
• description. JOSEPH BRECK d. Co.

g. II.

PATK.NT IIHASS S\IIIMiK

Willis's I'liLMil Impmvcl lira
plant»^iinipe vine>, Kiiinll treet, de»iro)ini( the R

This machine surpa.«sas nil oibers for the purpose of rut
tine: Ruta Bopi, Man,>el Wnrlzel, and other rnois The
great objection lo other m.ichines, is their eim ins; the roots
into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the catilc
to !;et hold of ihcm; ihis machine with a little Bltoralion,
cuts them into l.irge or small pieces, of such shape as is niosi
convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from
one to Iwo busheU of root-.- per minute

FnrsalebyJOSKPH BRECK & CO , at the New Fn?.
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 52 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

APPLE: PAKERS.

Ju'l received at the Ne«- England Agricultural Ware-
house. No 31 and .12 North Market Street, a irnod supply of
Staiiln/s Superior Apple Parers. n very useful arlicle. With
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pared in
a very short time in the best possible manner, and wilh great
saving of ihe apple, as the oulsides may bo taken offat any
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N P H
WILLIS', No 43 North Market .Street. SCUDDER COR.
DIS & CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street

Sept. I 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

SlIN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-^re's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose ofgiving the time
"/ .'!?J. '1 1''^ garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by

J. BRECK * CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept I.

GRKEN'S PATENT STRA'W CUTTBK.

JOSEPH BRECK & i:0. :ii ihrN.w England Ajricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Si.ire Nos. 61 and62 North Mar-
ket Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay and
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not before
applied toaay implement lor ihis purpose. The most prom-
inent elTecIs of this application, and some of the consequent
jHculiarilies of the machine are:

1 . So great a redaction of the quantum of power requisite
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sufficient
to work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cutslwo hush-
els a minute, whii h is full twice as fast as has been claimed
by any other machine even when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening less often than those nf any other
straw cutler.

\\ IIAI.K 1)11. KO.IP

•ring
l!u«.

( 4te. Thi«.Syrm|trmoy Ih- useil nn all nccn«iiin« whi-n
I iiii; is necessary lor u>iiii; a Milution prepared for the pur-
pose, 111 previnl iiiiMiiw on Krn|ie vines, nnd alsu lo une the
jireparnlinn nf Snap for the ilestiuctioii of the Ruse Bug.

Thia SynnKC may be hud nf JOSEPH BRECK A CO ,
N. ». 51 nnd 52 North .'Miitkel Street, who han (..r .ole Ihe
I Whale Oil Siia|i. a sure preventnlive nifiiiiisl the tavaijes of
I the Ruse Biii( and other insects. The .Soap ithouhl bu dilu-
\ ted by water, ut the rale nf fifteen gillon« of water 10 Iwo
piiunds o( Sonp, and applied by the Syrinzc. The Soap ii
I ;_ b. .~:„; — n., 11.. , at one dollar per keg. July 14

I in kegs containing 2H lbs

UlllAOSTOXKS, ON FRICTIOX RUI.I.EKS.

Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction rollers and
moved with a fool treader, is Inund lo he a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of grinding, can
govern the stone more to his mind by having the complete
control nf bis work. Stones hung in this manner are be-
cominR daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can bo atlached to stones hun
in Ihe common way.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 52
North Market Boston. " July 14

AGRlCl'LTrRAL IMPLBMEKTS, <tc.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 02 North Market street,
would inform their rustnniers and the public ijenerally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment nf Agri-
cultuial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which ate Ihe following :

too dnz. Cast Steel Shovels.

150 " Common do.

100 " Spades.

600 " Grass Scythes.

3011 " atent Snailhs.

200 " Common do.

son " Hay Rake«.

200 " (harden do.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron loughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivalors.
100 Greene's Straw Cullers.
50 Willis' do. do
100 Common do. do.
too Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
60 Common do do.
2,i0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
00 " Vegetable Cutlers
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
1 00 Ot Yokes.
150U Doz. Scythe Stones.
30nn '■ Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

200 " Manure Forks.
300 " Hay do.

son Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.
600 Tie up do.

50 doz. Hnller do.
1000 yards Fence do.

26 Grind Stones on rollers.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in general use to get nut nf order.

NOTICE TO IIORTICVLTVRISTS.
Whale Oil Soap.

The subscriber has constantly on hand, and in quantities
losuil purchasers, this useful article which has lately proved
itself so destructive to the great variety of insects w'hich in-
fest the Garden, Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKINS, 109 State street.

Boston Aug. 4lh, 1841. Im

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Jusl received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
No. 52 North Market St. April 21

I TYF. I'P CHAINS.

: Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for lye-

ing up Callle.
These chains, introduced by E. H. Debby, Esq. o( Salem,

nnd Col jAcuucn, for the purpose of securing cattle lo the

stall, are found l« be the safest and most convenient mode

of fastening cows and oxen 10 the stanchion.
I For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market si.

72

NEW E N G L A N D F A R M E R .

SEPT. 1, 1S41.

MISCELLANEOUS

O^A correspondent of the Maine Farmer, in a
communication touching upon several subjects, in-
troduces the followinp;, in which we, the '• P. D.,"
feci a little concerned :

" Dear Doctor — • • * — I have been quite in-
terested by readinjr the numerous defences which
have been set up for the skunlt in the Farmer and
otlier agricultural papers. I always, thouglit him
capable of defending' himself, and have been inclin-
ed to believe that those who volunteer their quix-
otic displays in his behalf, will make themselves as
ridiculous as the renowned Knight of La Mancha.
Glory may be in that direction, but [am quite will-
in^ those should bind the redolent laurel upon their
tiwn proud brows. 1 have an alfoctionfor the toad,
datinij from my earliest childhood. I am no par-
takcr°in the general aniipatliy with which little
harmless, not only harmless but useful snakes arc
regarded. And frogs, when made into pie, are
go^nd eating, (I speak from experience.) I trust
thev will not be permitted longer to " waste their
sweetness" and live and die in our ponds and mead-
ows to no purpose, olher than that of making night
melodious with thtir happy notes. Uut the skunk !
pardon me. Doctor, n;y organ of benevolence has
not yet expanded sulficiently to contain him in its
recess; — indeed, should he, by hook or by cro(ik,
gain admittance there, I fear he would quickly ex-
pel the motley group which has found reluge there
from popular prejudice and persecution. They
would make summary abdication, and bide the
world's brunt, farther off than his presence. — I oc-
casionally come near his skunkship in my evening
excursions, and am careful to give him a wide berth,
and like Loxley the archer in Ivanhoe, make allow-
ance for the wind, in case he should incline to
greet me with a salute from his ivory-mounlod ord-
nance. When he crosses my path, even though
the "offence be rank and smeHs to heaven," I make
no " point of honor" with him, for should I call him
out, he would have the choice of weapons, as set-
tled by the code of southern hot-spurs, and not be-
ing skilled in the use of a skunk gun, I sceni in ad-
vance the issue of the contest. I have no dispoti-
tion to "seek the bubble reputation in thtU cannon's
mouth," and without the fear of being termed a
craven, gladly show the "white feather."

SALATIIIEL.

ff/^Being (we suppose) one of those who, in tlie
sage opinion" of "Salalhiel," have rendered them-
selves ridiculous by their " quixotic displays" in be-
half of the e'.iunk, we wish to assure him that we
are as ready now as ever to incur ridicule in the
same cause — and that any vile insinuations against
that creature's character, shall not go uncontradict-
ed while we po-^sesa the ability to vindii;atc it.

The antipathy to the skunk manifested by "Sal-
athicl," we unhesitatingly impute to his cowardice.
We take him for one of those whose bravery, like
that of FalstnfTs soldier.', consists in their being
afraid of nothing but — duni^er ! — Uninitiated in the
" ology" of the animal he calumniates, he invests
him with terrors which oven a lyTniimnlrur in
skunkoloffi/ could inform him had no other existence
than in his own imagination. — Run away from a
skunk ! Why, if the citizen-soldiery of Maine em-
braces nudiy such men as this " Silntliiel," wlio
would retreat from an enemy before it had shown
any disposition to attack, then, we arc thinking, she
will have to depend upon some other than iier own

chivalry, to defend her territory from the encroach-
ments of John Bull !

But "Salathiel," in tolling us of his dislike and
fear of the skunk, exhibits a taste for certain other
individuals of the animate creation, which, if noth-
ing else, entitles him to be ranked as a rare avis in
ttrra. He acknowledges himself a frog-eater,
and an admirer of snakes and bull toads!! —
Good Gracious! why we should instinctively re-
coil from such a being, as from a monster from the
nether world ! Though wo may (among others)
have rendered ourself obnoxious to ridicule by our
"quixotic displays" in defence of liie skunk, we
bless our stars that we are not, like him, obnoxious
to the ridicule — the sligmn, we will say — of being
an admirer of the horrid-looking toad and the de-
testable snake !

[n conclusion we would say to "Salathiel," that
however bitter and deep-rooted may be his animosi-
ties towards the skunk, it were wiser for him to
stifle them in his breast than to give them currency
by his pen — for he is not aware how many quills
arc ready to leap into action in delence of injured
innocence ! — We "commend him to a careful hus-
bandry of his resources I" — N. E. F.'s "P. D."

The Schoolmaster and his Sclwlar. — A school-
master was one day hearing one of his scholars
read : the boy, when he came to the word honor,
pronounced it full : the master told him it should
be pronounced without the h, as thus — onor. "Very
well, sir," replied the lad, " I will remember for
the future." " Ay," said the master, " always drop
the h." The next morning, the master's tea, with
a hot muffin, had been brought to the desk, but the
duties of his avocation made him wait till it was
cold ; when, addressing the same boy, he told him
to take it to the fire and heat it. The boy took it
to the fire and n(e it. Presently the master called
for his muffin. "I ate it, as you bade me," said
the boy. " Ate it, you rogue ! I bade you take it
to the fire and Acai it." "But, sir," said the lad,
" yesterday you told me always to drop the ft." —
Jlnon.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.
, Great improvements have been niiiiie ilie past year in th
fnrin anil workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mouKi Lc ar
has tieen so formed as to lay the furrow comptdi'ij oca
turning in every particle nf grass or sluthle, and learinir Ih
ground in the best posriWe manner. The leuglh of |h
mould lioarii has been very muih increased, so lliai lb
PloTigli works with the greatest ease, both with resp(cl|
the holding and (he learn. The Committee at the law irii
of Ploughs at Worecsler, say,

" Should our opinion he asKed as to which of the Plrugb
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perh.'l||^ ^ay I
the inquirer, it your laud is mostly light ami easy i" worl
try Prouty & Meiirs. hut if your land is hcary, hard or rccki
DEGiN WITH Mr. Howard's.'*

At the above iner.t:oncd trial the Howard Pl"UL;h di
more work, viih the same pmoer of team, than miy nthi
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twinf.>o/«
anilone half inches, to the 112 llu. draught, win.- ll
Hoxcard Plough turned twcnlmine and one half inJns,
the same poiccr of team ! All acknowledge thai H. v- nrd
Ploughs are much the strongest and most sul.!.t:ir]iial
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on ih' slio
or land side of this Plongh, which can he renew. , I wrlin
having to furnish a new landsiile; this shoe likewise si cin
the mould board and landside together, and strengih. iis ll
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from SG to Si 5. A V\n\^
sufficient for breaking up with (our cattle, will cosl aho
SlO 60, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cuiur. SJi
extra.

The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and nnaU,
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stit
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Siroct. I.y

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

A Long JVose. Napoleon used to say — " \\"hen
I want any great head work done, I choose a man,
provided his education has been suitable, who has
a long nose. In my observation of men, I have
almost invariably found a long nose and a long
head to go together."

[This remark of the sagacious Emperor, is pro-
digiously tickling to some people's self-esteem —
hence the pains some people take to "keep it be-
fore the people !" A'apoleoti teas a great man. —
" P. D."l

J} Stinging Charge. — .\n able judge was once
obliged to deliver the following charge to the jury:
"Gentlemen of the jury : in this case, the counsel
on both sides are unintelligible; the witnesses on
both sides are incredible ; and the plaintiff and de-
fendant are both such bad characters, that to mc it
is indifferent which way you give your verdict."

FEXCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, Miiisl
for Fences or olher purposes. For sale by J. Bit I '.CK
CO., No. 62 North Market si. April 21

A celebrated physician, boasting at dinner that
he cured his own hams, one of his guests observed,
" Doctor, I would sooner be your ham than your
patient."

The Genesee Farmer tells of an " improved
breed" of mosquitoes out west, which have to be
caged in the spring to prevent their pulling up corn !

Just receive. I at the New England Agricullii
house. No, 51 and 62, North JMarket St., n 1. >>• ~.
tumclcrs,(br testing ihequalilvof milk.

June 23 ■ JOSEPH I

NEW TURNIP SEEI>.

Just received and for sale at the New Englnn I
tural Warehouse and Seed Stoic, Nos. 61 and 62 Ni
kcl slreei,

600 lbs. TURNIP SEED, of ihe growth of i -

July 14. JOS. BRECK i'.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WF.KKLY I'APKR.

The Edilorinl department of this paper havln_'C»
into iho hands of llio subscriber, he is now niiilniit
bv the publishers to inform the public llint tin |irio»
ihe pnpor in reduced. In future itif^ trrnis m i i In
per year in adtance, or $2 50 if not piiid willnii ihi
days. « ALLEN PUT.NA*

N. B. — Postinnstors aro rcqaired by law to fra
subscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wi
expense tn subscribers.

TUTTLE AlfD DENNETT, PRINTEK9.

AND JI O R T I (' U L T U R A L REGISTER.

rUULISHEX) BY JOSKPH BRECK i CO., NO. sa NOUTH MAllKKT STRKKT, (Aoricultubai WAii«noui«.)-AT.f,K.\ PUTNAM, EDITOR.

Dl.. XX.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1841.

[KO. 10.

N. E. FARMER,

From Kcsacnileo'ii Coinplcio Farmer.

DRAINS.

Drains used in fanning arc of two kinds, open
d covered. Drains should be ol'a sizo and dcplli
oportioDod to the extent ot' the swamp and the
obnble quantity of water for which ihey arc dc-
;noJ to be channels. They should generally be
mod through the lowest and wettest part of the
1, although it should be necessary, in order to
ect that purpose, to deviate from straight lines.
en drains answer the double purpose of convey-
J olT superfluous water and of enclosing tields ; but
y make a hazardous and inconvenient fence
thout the addition of a bank, hedge or railing.
e Farmer's Assistant says, " Wlien a ditch is
de for a fence, it ought to bo four feet wide at
! lop, one or less at the bottom, and about two
1 a half deep ; with the earth all thrown out on
sside, and banked up as high as possible." Sir
Sinclair states, tliat " it is a general rule re-
rding open drains, with a view of giving sufficient
pe and stability to their sides, that the width at

should be three times as much as that wliich is
essary at the bottom, and in the case of peat
sses or sofl soils, it should be such as to allow

water to run off without stagnation, but not
h so rapid a motion as to injure the bottom."
But before you attempt to drain a piece of land,

ill be well not only to calculate the cost, but to
ertain the nature of the soil which it is propo-

lo render fit for cultivation. If the subsoil or
ler layer be clay, the swamp may be wortii
ining, though there should be no more than six
hes of black soil or mud oTcr it, for the clay

the mud mixed will make a fertile soil. But
he subsoil or under stratum be gravel or white

nd, it will not, in common cases, be best to un-
take draining, unless the depth of black mud be
much as from fifteen to eigliteen inches deep;
the soil will settle after draining, and be less
p than it was before. But the situation of the
d to be drained may autiiorizo some variation
n these general rules.

riie manner of draining a swamp is as follows:
nning at the outlet, pass a large ditch through
so as mostly to cut the lowest parts. Then

e another ditch quite round it, near to the bor-

to cut off the springs which come from the up-
i, and to receive the water that runs down from

hills upon the surface in great rains. These
hes should be larger or smaller, in some pro-
:ion to the size of the swamp, the shape and

of the hills which surround it, and oUier cir-
istinces which might tend to greater or less
ntities of water being occasionally or generally

into the ditrhes. If the swamp be lorge, it
! be necessary that some smaller cross drains
uld be cut in several directions. The bottom
he main ditches, when the soil is not of an ex-
irdinary depth, must be lower than the bottom
he loose soil ; otherwise the soil will never b«-
le sufficiently dry and firm.

It is said by Sir John Sinclair, (Codo of Agricul-
ture, p. \6'i,) that "in nil drains it is a rule to be-
g n at the lowest placo and to work upwards, by
I hich the water will always pass from the work-
men and point out the level. This enables tlie la-
borers also to work in coarse weather, and prevents
their baing interrupted by wet so early in ttic sea-
son as otherwise might happen."

Tho mud ami other niBlcrials which arc dug out
of a ditch or drain, should not be sufTorcd to lio in
hea|i8 or banks by the side of the ditch, but should
be spread as equally as possible over the surface
of the drained land. In this way, the matter ta-
ken from the ditches will tend to level the surface
of the swamp, will, perluips, servo iu some mea-
sure for manure, and will not present any impedi-
ment to the passage of the water to the ditches. —
In some cases it may be advisable to transport the
earth which is taken from the ditches to the farm-
yard or the hog. pen, to form a part of that layer
which good farmers generally spread over those
places in autumn, to imbibe liquid manure, or make
into compost with dung. In many instances, we
are told, that the earth thus dug out of ditches is
thought to be worth enough to pay for the expense
of digging the ditches.

Air Henry W. Delavan, in a communication on
the subject of Under-draining, in the New England
Farmer, vol. x. p. 97, says:

" Without this salutary and simple operation, no
inconsiderable proportion of many valuable districts
of our country must continue little better than
waste. It is generally total loss of labor to the
farmer who attempts to cultivate wet lands in our
rigorous climate, and by draining, these useless,
inhospitable acres have been found of the kindliest
and most productive character.

" Having a surplus of stones on my estate be-
yond what fences require, I use the smaller and in-
formed for drains; they have the advantage of
brush in durability and of tiles in economy. My
drains are, for the most part, three feet in depth,
two feet in width at top, sloping to one at bottom.
The bottom stones are largest, and are carefully
placed, to allow the water to flow freely beneath,
while above the small stones are thrown in at ran-
dom, so that when levelled they arc beneath the
plow. Over tliese, swingle-tow, shavings or straw
may be thrown, after which tho earth can be re-
placed by the spade or plow, so as to present a rath-
er higher surface than the grounds adjacent, and
tho business is accomplished. It is very essential
that the descent be easy, neither too quick nor too
slow, and that all surface water bo excluded, as it
would speedily choke and destroy the underdraining.
I estimate the average cost of such drains at sixty-
two and a half cents the rod. It should he remark-
ed that underdraining is adapted to lands present-
ing sufficient declivity to carry offthe springs, and
it is only tho under water that is meant to be drain-
ed in this manner, while open ditches are adapted
to the bottom lands for the conveyance of surface
water. 1 will state what appears to me the promi-
nent advantages that the cultivator may promise
himself by a thorough system of draining.

" In tho first place, he creates, as it were, ."o
much additional terra firma, and adds essentially lo
the health of all around him, by correcting the ill
tendencies of excessive moisture. He can culti-
vate reclaimed lands several weeks earlier and ns
much later in each year than those that aro unre-
claimed, and his crops are better and mote sure.
The labor of afler tillage is much diminished. Tho
stones iliat impede the plow and scythe are rt-uiov.
ed ; and not the least e.-isontial benefit is the con-
stant supplies of water which may bo insured in
any field inclining to moisture, which, with refe-
rence to animals, will, as a perninnent convenience
and advantage, fully compensate the expense of
<lrains."

1 the Farmer's Cabinet.

BAKEWELL .AND MERINO SIIEEC.

Mr Euitor — In John Lawrence's valuable trea-
tise on Cattle, there is a highly interesting account
of a cross between the pure Merinos and tho Biike-
well breed of sheep, which appears worthy our se-
rious regard. It is now pretty generally conceded
tliat the grand secret in crossing is to conmienco
with dam the best; and amongst breeders in Eu-
roj)C, more care is observed in the selection of the
male, as to form and constitution, than to size ; in-
deed, a proference is give for a small male rather
than a large one, compared with the size of tiie fe-
male. Amongst the breeders of pure Devon cat-
tla, but little regard is had to tho size of the bull :
his points and purity of blood are the objects for
which they seek, in rearing largo oxen ; always
choosing, as a matter of the first importance, a co'r
of large size and capacity for breeding.

At page 5'Jl of Lawrence's Treatise, it is said,
(quoted from Thompson,) "Mr Hose, a considera-
ble grazier at Melton Mowbray, has crossed sevc.
ral of his Bakowell or Dishley ewes with a Merino-
ram, with decisive success : I lately requested this
gentleman to send mo a few fleeces of the wool,
which 1 put into the hands of Mr Hawkslcv, in-
quiring what was the present value of such wool.'
His answer was, "We will give eighteen pence-
per pound for two thousand packages tomorrow,
and take one hundred packages weekly, by con-
tract, at tho same price, for seven years, certain."'
Now this price is nearly twice as much as can at
present be obtained for pure Bakewell wool, and
these sheep produce little more than the Merino-
Dishlcys, for although the Merino shortens the sta-
ple, he thickens the pile, so that every fleece is
nearly double in value. The loss that we aro to
look for then, is in the carcass, and this is infinite-
ly less than will at first be supposed; it seems, in-
deed, to bo now very generally agreed, that in
sheep the sire operates principally on the fleece
and the dam on the carcass, which is illustrated by
Mr Hose's Merino-Dishleys, they being superior in
form to any that I ever saw with Spanish blood in
their veins, and having lost little, if any, in size.
Many Bakewell breeders have their whole of one,
two, and three years on hand, whereas Mr llawks-

74

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. 8

ley's note seems clearly to prove, that one cross
with tlie pure Merino would make their wool im-
niediatily saleable, at a great advance of price,
for seven years to come, while no deterioration
would have taken place in the carcass."

Lawrence adds : " The loss of size in the Meri-
no-Dishley cross, is a natural result, perfectly in-
dependent of the idea of dotorioralion ; and as to
the flesh, nothing can be better calculated than a
Spanish mixture to remove the natural insipidity
<if Bikewoll mutton."

On the subject of the deterioration of the wool
by crossing, and the impossibility of preserving its
fineness out of Spain, Lawrence says: "I lately
exposed the following patterns of cloths to one
who ought to bo as capable a judge of cloth as any
man in England, and who was formerly convinced
of the utter impossibility of growing fine wool in
iJiis country : — No. 1, given me by himself two
years since, as the finest pattern of cloth London
could produce, and made from imported Spanish
wool ; No. \!, Lord Sduierville's ciclh, manufactur-
ed, I believe, in 180(J, (made from pure Merino,
grown in England ;) No. 'i, a. late and very beau-
tiful pattern of Dr. Parry's Merino-Ryland cloth.
The judge instantly threw aside No. I, as totally
unworthy to stand in competition ! giving the pre-
ference to Dr. Parry's specimen: but on a final
examination, declared that he thought Lord Somer-
villo's pattern somewhat the finest and the fabric
most substantial, the other wearing the face of a
beautiful lady's cloth, in appearance like those
made of Saxon wool."

Now, cannot we apply the above account of a
most interesting experiment to our advantage ? It
is supposed by some in this country that the wool
is deteriorated by crossing, the fleece being neither
decidedly fine or coarse, and the staple of different
lengths — neither combing or clothing — but here is
proof positive, and only one among hundreds, that
this is not the fact, and that a great profit is to be
derived from a judicious cross with the small Me-
rino ram on the large Dishtey ewe. With regard
to the flavor of the Merino mutton, Lawrence says :
"I have never heard any man complain of the
quality of Spanish mutton but ho who never tasted
it." J. L.

From the Kentucky Farmer.

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF ICE HOUSES.

CJ^Professor Peter has our hearty thanks for
Iiis excellent communication, as we are sure he
will receive those of our readers interested in the
subject 80 satisfactorily treated.

Lfxinoto.v, Aug. 9, 1841.
To the Editor nftlif Kentucky Farmer ;

Dear Sir — The desire to contribute my mite,
however small, to the support of your valuable pa-
per, prompts nic to send you the following remarks
on the construction of ice houses; which, however,
I beg you not to publish, unless you think they are
worth the space they would occupy in your col-
umns. Yours, respectfully,

ROBT. PETER.

The principles which should be kept in view in
the construction of houses for the preservation of
ice, are few and simple. The sole object of the
structure being to prevent the passage of caloric
(a definite term employed to designate the cause
of the sensation called lualj from the earth, the

air or the sun, to the ice ; for if we could com-
pletely prevent the passage of that agent into the
ice, it would retain its solid form for any length of
time.

The tempera! ore of ice, when at its melting
point, is ',i'2, rahrcnheit ; in order that it may melt
into water, it must absorb 140 degrees of caloric,
sufficient to raise its temperature to 172 deg., but
which only changes its form from solid to liquid,
without rendering it any warmer than it was be-
fore— the water draining from the melting ice be-
ing always at the same temperature with the ice
itself. Without the accession of these 140 degrees
of caloric, therefore, ice would never be melted in-
to water.

Could vc construct a house of materials that
were perfect non-conductors of caloric, the preser-
vation of ice contained in it would bo complete.
As, however, we have no perfect non-conductors,
we must select for our purpose those substances
wliicli conduct most shnvly. The materials which
experience has selected for articles of clothing, to
preserve the natural temperature of our bodies,
stand at the head of the list of these substances,
and would also be the very best that could be used
to protect ice from the surrounding caloric, were
they not too dear and too perishable in their na-
ture. As these, however, cannot be employed, for
this reason, except in preserving small quantities
for immediate use, we are obliged to resort to oth-
ers less perfect but cheaper and more indestructi-
ble. Among these are the following, winch I have
placed in the order of their relative resistence to
the passage of caloric, as determined by Count
Ruinford and others ; those which oppose the
greatest obstruction to its passage being placed
first, viz :

Charcoal of light wood.

Dry wood ashes,

Tan bark,

Wood,

Sand,

Bricks,

Porous earth.

Porous rocks.

Dense rocks.
According to our data, one of the best modes of
forming the wall.^ of an ice house, would be to
make a fnme-work of timbers, soy from U to 12
inches thick, to board it up on both sides of the
limbers, and fill the spaces between the boards
with powdered charcoal, dry wood ashes, tan bark
or saw dust; the floor and covering of the struc-
ture being protected in the same manner ; and on
filling it with ice, a considerable thickness of straw
should be placed at the bottom, sides and top.

Where these materials are not easily to be ob-
tained, logs of wood, built up ill the pit like a log
cabin, make a very good substitute; more cspe-
ciolly if filled on Ihe outside, next the earth, with
charcoal, ashes, sawdust, or tan bark. For this
purpose charcoal and ashes are preferable to saw-
dust and tan bark, in consequence of their inde-
structibility.

Bricks and stones, although often employed in
th'j construction of ice houses, are less proper than
wood, unless lined on the outside with a sufficient
thickness of charcoal, ashes, or other imperfuct
conductors.

Ice houses are frequently made partly above and
partly below the general surface of the ground ;
the top being arched over and the earth which was

dug'from the pit being thrown on tlie (op of i r
structure, in the form of a mound. This is a vcj
good form, provided all the sides arc prolected
non-conductors, from the caloric of the soil. T
caloric of the sun's rays, absorbed by the surfa
of the porous earth in summer, passes through
with considerable difficulty and travels slowly
the interior: passing off again in part by the sat
slow process back to the surface, to be dissipat
during the cold of winter. In consequence of l
diffirulty with which it penetrates porous eart
matters, the daily changes of temperature cam
be observed at a greater depth than 3 or 4 feet, a
the great annual vicissitudes ore entirely lost I
fore they descend 100 feet below the surface. T
earth's surface, therefore, does not bec(mie heat-
er cooled rapidly to any considerable depth, a
deep caves and excavations in the earth, preset
a scarcely varying temperature, which approaci
that of the mean temperature of the region. Tl
is the temperature of the water of deep wills, or
springs rising from some depth, which by coupa
son appears cold in summer and warm in uinl
The mean temperature of this region is eomchwi
between 52 and 3f) degrees, Fah. ; 20 or '^-4 (
grces above the molting point of ice ; so tint thi
is always caloric enough iathe soil, below il.c si
face, to melt ice, oven during the winter .-• asi
and deep ice houses, whether covered or in t w
a mound of earth, hence require the protection
walls of non-conducting materials.

One of the most common causes of tho ra|
melting of ice in ice houses, is the want of so
cient drainage. If the water which drops from t
ice or sinks from the surface of the soil, ram
drain away, but remains at the bottom of ti; i ui
in contact with the icf, it serves as ;i '.:
through which the caloric of the earth pn- «
facility, causing the rapid melting and i.
the ice. At the bottom of every ice hou- ,r
fore, if it is not in a very sandy soil, then
be a well of sufficient magnitude, or ll
should be raised to such a height above tli
as to prevent the water from ever coming
tact with the ice. Decomposition, and tho
tion ofmepliitic gases, as suggested by one
correspondents, cannot take place umlcr tir r (
cumstances ; the most fermentable liquu!.-^ I'.n :
begin their fermentation until their tempcrisure
raised above 32 deg., which is that of tin- »•»
dripping from ice.

Tliose houses which are not covered " ith
mound of earth, should have a good roof, 't M
is better, a tight room built over them, to |iov(
the circulation of air as much as possible. :inr| i
roof and sides should be rendered as nrar
against the passage of caloric, as Btraiv c
substances of the kind, fixed on Iho in-i
make them ; and to prevent as much as
the absorption of the caloric of the sun'.-* i
whole exterior, roof and all, should bo wul
washed — it being a well established fact, ili;
less is absorbed by a white surface tlian by
one.

A great deal may be gained in the prcs(
of ice, by putting it up during the very
weather. For example, if ice be cut and >
for a sufficient time to the air, when the tlie
ter is at lero, and packed away at that temporal
it must become heated up to its melting poim
degrees above zero, before a particle of it
li(|ucfy. But if packed in the house on a mild
when in a thawing condition, it being already hi

t i.rr
,.f y,

Ida

Idi

luiiiotacnon i)f ice, and it will bo reen, there
c. that 140 |x)uiuls of ice, put up at the tempera

I'/.i'ro, iti cij'.iivnloiit to 17'J piumils which is [\o n com
;U'il III u nielliiiir condition.
The I'orni of an ice hnuan is by no means a
ttor of indit^urence. That which presents the
alU'st cxternul surface is, theoroiically, the best ;
reLre, other things being equal, a plubulnr form
uld bo the most proper. This, however, is not
nnvoiiient ono to construct, and henco the trnii-
ed cone, or square, are those most frequently
)pt<'d, and snswcr sutliciently well. The worst
siblo form would be a long narrow one.

VOL. Xlt.Krt. 10.

AND II 0 R T 1 C U 1. T v R .\ \, K K G I ,s 'I' K R .

up lo Its iiiolliii(f point, the first do
lh:it puKSCs into It melts B portion.

if rnlo. ) was freqiii'nlly more wnste from llie ellect
It has been | drink, limn their liibor C"St. We Imvo sroii

7i5

if \\u
n tiK

cady Ntated that 140 de;;rcc.<< arc necessary to I harvest field, by the middle of the afternoon, the

ev

From the Allmoy Cultirntor.

F.\RMING WITHOUT RUM.

iVhoevcr commenced the temperance refornia-
1, was, in truth, a benefactor to the human race,
ni the highways and byways, from the borders
he abyss of degredalion, if not from the depths
he abyss itself, thousands will rise up to call
t man blessed, who has saved them from them-
■es. Great as are the talents of O'Connell,

e is an unpretending priest, who is at the pre-
t moment doing more to elevate, disenthral and

ne'-atc Ireland, than a thousand O'Connells,
hout his aid, could have done. Wherever Fatli.
Jaihow gi.es, the distilleries become useles.'J,
pig gets an cctra quantity of corn, the wife a
• dnss. and the laborer sheds his rags for a new
t, saved from earnings that formerly went to
;alize and inipoVLTish himself and family.
fcarccly less striking has been the result of ab-
jing from the common use of ardent spirits in
Uniti-d Slates, and in no department of indus-
baa this influence been more beneficially felt

in that of agriculture. Of this no one, we

ve, doubts, who has made the experiment of
ling without mm, or in other words, banishing

nt spirits from his farming operations.
*^e are well aware there were thousands, in

ne.rly every farmer in the countrj', who when
idea of farming without the use of ardent spir-
was first proposed, deemed it wild and visiona-
f not impossible. So intimate had the associa-
i of work and rum become, in the minds of
: men, that to separate tliera — to undertake to
k in upon long established usage — to get in a
est, or erect a building, without such drinks,
ired nii little exercise of reason and indepen-
:e of feeling. Many who were convinced the
tice was usrless, hesitated about abolishinn- it,
the withholding spirits should be charged to a
Tious disposition. Good sense, however, and
;liiig of right prevailed ; rum was banished

ttiL- harvest field and the raising, in numerous
nces, and it was found that none of the inju.
lefTects anticipated by many, followed. There
no want of laborers ; the coarse grains still
nanded good prices; and four or five distil-
3 in every town ceased to produce and distri-

misery and death.

those neighborhoods and on those farms from
b intoxicating drinks liave been banished,

revolting scenes unfortunately once too com-

aro now

reaper no liliif (hat ho was as likely to cut off hia
own fingers an the nrniii, and compelled to rcHort
the feiici' and take a nap, to restore
I a capacity for work. Wo have seen half a dozen
cradle™ racing it through a whealliold like mad-
men, yelping and yelling like savages, throwing
the grain behind them without care nnd thought,
and causing u waste greater tliiiii as inaiiy swine
would have done, even had they been of the most
approved alligator breeds. Wo have seen a dozen
men reeling liome from a raisintr, to sleep away the
liquor that liad stolen away their reason, or, as was

most likely, to abuse their wives and children.

Now, where teinperance principles prevail, such
scenes are never witnessed ; and their influence
can be traced in the mitigation of these evils, even
where they are not yet fully triuinphint.

The proper source of ability to hibor is found in
food ; this alone nourislics and confers strength.
Ardent spirits give no nourishment; they only
stimulate; and all e.vperience proves that all ex

Tliiy lipurli nn I'riiit in our gardoni; di-li(;lit (all
except ono species,) in alioching tliemselve.H to our
huuseii; aiuusr us with llieir iiiigrationH, songs uiid
marvellous agilily ; and clear our outlets from the
annoyance of gnata ond other troublesome insccln."
— If'hite'a Xat. Jlisl. of .Stlbomt.

"The proper and natural food of swallows, con-
sists ulnioKt entirely of gimLs, flies and small co-
loplenius insects; ond smnc notion of the myriada
of these insects destroyed by swallows alone, with-
out mentioning other hirundiiits, may be formed
from a most pleasing and interesting memoir fur-
nished by the Rev. Waller Trevelyan to Mr Be-
wick, [Uriliih UirJs, vol. i p. MK),] wherein is
mentioned that a tame and young swallow could
eat from 700 to 1000 flies iii a day. Now, if an
immatured bird of this species, and in a confined
state too, coiiM destroy so many we may be as-
sured that when at large, and having others to
provide for as well as themselves, swallows must
commit very wide and extensive devastation
amongst winged insects. Supposing them to ar-
rive about the middle of April, and to depart about

penditure of power not based on the true -source of I '!"' '"!'^i''= "' ""'' "'"September, making a stay of

upply, can only be temporary, and must produce
results the most injurious to the individual. The
correct course, then, is to substitute the nutritive
for the stimulant; healthful for tlie injurious ; hab-
its that loo frequently end in ruin, for those that
are certainly safe and honorable.

If there is a single reader of the Cultivator who
has never made a trial of farming ivithout rum, we
ask him as a friend to make it thoroughly the pre-
sent season, and then to judge for himself The
experiment is not now an untried and hazardous
one; it encounters no opposing of public opinion,
nor subjects the farmer to the charge of eccentrici-
ty or niggardliness; and it is not one which might
once have been considered as tampering with the
health of the workinginan. The man who labors
must have food in abundance, and of the best kind ;
he must have drink, too, but this should not be ar-
dent spirit. Good home-brewed malt beer, milk,
and water, sweetened water slightly acidulated,
and a little ginger added, are all rood drinks, all
contain nourishment, and will allay thirst, at least
as effectually as ardent spirits. Discontinue rum
and whiskey, and try these; take a bi«cnit and
some cheese, instead of a drink of grog, forenoon
and afternoon ; eat your meals regularly, and labor
reasonably, and our word for it, you will find your-
self in all respects as well, and your business much
more satisfactorily conducted, than when ardent
spirits are used.

five whole month-, and allowing that each swallow
destroys from one to two thousand flies daily, the
same bird must clear the region it inhabits of
nearly .■■(00,000 noxious or troublesome animals in
one summer; and before any conception of the
myriads destroyed in the course of a single sum-
mer by the whole race of birundines can bo form-
ed, not only must the exact number of swallows,
house-martins, sand-martins, and swifts which visit
us be known — a mntler that is impossible — but
our powers of calculation must be enlarged far be-
yond what they at present are." — FothergiWa Xat,
Hislory.

UTILITY OF THE SWALLOW.
Although our climate is free from the inroads of
locusts and the larger mosquitoes, yet it gives birth
to innumerable swarms of gnats an<J flies that would
assuredly be an almost Egyptian annoyance, were
the checks upon their increase destroyed ; and of
these checks the swallotv is one of the most active
and powerful. "Whoever — (as the eloquent and
fascinating historian of Selborne has beautifully
remarked) — whoever contemplates the myriads of
insects that sport in the sunbeams of a summer's
evening, will soon be convinced to what a degree
our atmospliere would be choaked with them, was
t not for the friendly interfiosition of the swallow
onger seen. We remember I tribe"— " a tribe that (to use the langua<7e of the
. It was the custom to find each laborer in the same charming writer,) are the most inoflfensive
St held with his pint of spirits daily, that there I harmless, entertaining, social and useful of birds'

IDLENESS.
" Wretched," says an English writer, " is the
man who has no employment but to watch his own
digestion, and who on waking up in the morning,
has no useful occupation of the day presented to
his mind. To such an one, respiration is a toil,
and existence a constant disease. Self-oblivion is
his only resource — indulgences in alcohol, in va-
rious disguises, his remedy ; and death or supersti-
tion his only comfort and hope. For what was he
born ? and why does he live ? are questions which
he constantly asks himself; and his greatest enig-
mas are the smiling faces of habitual industry,
stimulated by the wants of the day or fcara of the
future. If he is excited to exertion, it is common-
ly to indulge in some vicious propensity, or display
his scorn for those pursuits which render others
happier than himself."

SHEEP.
The American Farmer says: To prevent (eslrus
ovis, or the fly which causes worms in the heads of
sheep, from carrying on their operations against
this animal, you have nothing to do but to prepare
a few troughs, and occasionally, say once a week,
put a mixture of salt and tar into them, and the
sheep will, in licking for the salt, so besmear its
nose, as to form an impenetrable barrier against
this destructive insect.

It is estimated that the surplus wheat product of
Michigan this year will be 2,.')00,000 bushels; and
a surplus of pork of 300,000 barrels. This young
State may well boast of her agricultural greatness.

76

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. 8, IS41.

IRRIGATION.
The effects of running water llowinw over grass
lands, is so higfhly beneficial that every fanner
should ascertain whether there is not some portion
of his lands which may he cheaply irrigated. We
say cheaply, because the price of lands in this re-
gion is notiiigh enough to justify such outlays as
are often profitably made in England and on the
continent of Europe. The waters of many a siiiall
stream in our hill country, might by a few hours'
work with the plow, be carried along the hill-side
in such manner that they would percolate through
the slight embankment and nourish a vigorous
growtli of grass on all the eloping ground below
the ditch or canal. This is cheap manure — a|)ply-
iiig itself year after year— and long maintaining
the fertility ofithe soil unimpaired. At the base
of the hill it will often be necessary to open a

drain for the water which finds its way down

' Should it come to a flat and cold soil, as it often
would at the termination of the descent, that soil
would be injured. While (lowing water is favora-
ble to vegetable growth, stagnant water is baneful.
Wherever the farmer can cause water to flow over
his grass lands without stagnating upon them, he
will find great benefit from the operation. — The
following article from the Southern Agriculturist
will be read with interest, tliough it describes pro-
cesses more expensive than most cultivators will
be ready to adopt. — Ed.

Washi:«cton, April 3d, 1S4I.
To the Xalional Institution for Che Promotion of Science :

Since the brief statement of the advantages of
irrigation appeared in my discourse delivered be-
fore the institution in January last, I have received
so many applications for information on the manner
of watering land, that I am induced to believe a
more extended notice of the subject may be ac-
ceptable and useful.

The numerous and abundant rivers, streams and
brooks which traverse our country in every direc-
tion, afford great facilities for irrigating the soil,
and thousands of acres of barren land might there-
by be rendered as productive as any in the United
States.

The thin soils, which drain and dry easily, profit
most by the use of water, and are the least produc-
tive without it The gravelly, sandy land of Chile
produces by irrigation, upwards of thirty bushels
of wheat to the acre, and the poor lands in the
neighborhood of Mexico, are made equally produc-
tive by this process. The great advantage, how-
ever, to bo derived from the free use of water is
not 80 much in the increase of grain, as in that of
grass crops. A water meadow attached to a farm
gives the farmer an abundance of manure for that
portion of his land wliich he keeps in tillage; for
he may convert into dung the whole of the hay it
produces, while it requires nothing in return but
watering.

In the Carolinas and Georgia the low lands bor-
dering on the rivers are irrigated as high up as the
influence of the tide extends for the cultivation of
rico. The water is admitted into ditches parallel
and perpendicular to the river, and thenco distribu-
ted by feeders over the whole surface, so as to
drown the land, by opening the sluices when the
tide is rising; and afler keeping it there as long
as is deemed necessary, it is lot off at low tide. —
This method might bo practiced wiili great advan-
tage on nil the tide-water rivers throughout our
country where the banks are low enough to admit

the water at high tide. Flat lands that have not
the advantage of tide water, are the most ditficult
to irrigate successfully, for it is essential that when
the water is let ofl', the land should be drained per-
fectly dry ; otherwise it will produce coarse grass
of inferior quality.

Lands that have a gentle slope, even steep hill-
side, are better adapted for irrigation, as they ad-
mit of the water flowing over them without cover-
ing the top of the plants, thus giving them the ad-
vantage of air and moisture. A gentle current is
considered more advantageous than stagnant water,
and the land thus situated will always drain dry
wlien the water ceases to flow. On level land it
is necessary to conduct the drain so far that it may
enter the river low enough to ensure a sufficient
fall to dry the land.

Where the stream is rapid and the fall great, it
is not necessary to construct any dam ; but simply
to tap the river high enough up to lead the water
along the highest part of the field ; but where the
current is sluggish, the water must be raised by a
dain erected at the point where it is to be used.

There are two lucthods of watering lands. The
one by dividing the field into regular beds, and the
other by what is called catch work, which is re-
sorted to where the form of the ground is irregular.
It varies therefore with the circumst£.nces of the
land it is proposed to water; but the conductors,
feeders and drains must be laid out so as to profit
by the natural movements of the soil both to water
and to drain it.

The first thing to be done by the farmer who
desires to irrigate his fields, is to take an accurate
level of the ground which he intends to water, so
as to compare the highest part of it with the
height of the water to be used. The surface
of the water must be eight, twelve or twenty in-
ches higher than that of the land, according to the
distance of one, two or three hundred yards from
the one to the other. The main conductor is then
to be cut from that point as straight as it can be,
to lead to and continue along the highest side of
the field. Ifthe land has any swells on its sur-
face higher than the rest, it will he necessary to
give to each of them its own conductor, with feed-
ers branching from it, to convey the water over
that portion of the field. The width of the con-
ductors must depend upon the quantity of water
they are required to convey ; and be deep enough
to receive the muddiest portion of the stream; for
although the land will profit by being covered with
clear water, it is more enriched by the deposit of
turbid streams. Each conductor is to bo provided
with a sluice to regulate the admission of the wa-
ter. In case the river does not run in such a di-
rection ns to allow the water, after flowing the
land, to be discharged directly into it, a main drain
must be cut along the lower part of the meadow to
receive the surplus water and convey it into the
river. This should be of the same dimensions as
the principal conductor. The portion of meadow
to be watered by each conductor is next to be di-
vided into beds from thirty to fifty feet wide, the
feeders, which branch at right angles from the
conductor, running along the centre of Ihoin, ex-
cept where the ground fulls two ways, when it may
be necessary to make the feeders nearer to one
drain than the other. A bed two hundred yanls
long will require a feeder where it leoves the con-
ductor to be twenty inches wide, and grnduslly di-
minishing in width to twelve inches the extremity.
A drain is to be rnadc between every two feeders.

and parallel to them of the same dimensions, but
reversed form ; the upper part being ten or twelve
inches, and the drain gradually widening to twenty
inches, where it terminates either in the main or
in the river. Supposing these works finished and
ready to go into operation, the manager opens the
sluice to admit the water into tlie conductor, where
he adjusts the stops in such a manner as to supply
the feeders. He next regulates tlie stops in the
first feeder, so that the water shall flow regularly
over its sides from one end to the other. He then
repeats this process in the second feeder, and so
on until all the feeders are adjusted. The stopi
may be of pieces of board or of turf pinned down,
if necessary, taking care to keep the heads of the
pegs below the surface of the water, otherwise
they are apt to collect weeds and trash.

The rule in Europe is to flow the land through,
out the months of October, November, December
and January, letting the water run ten or fifteen
days at a time, and keeping the land perfectly dry
during the intervals. This can only be done in
situations where it is not liable to freeze hard; for
a sheet of ice forming over the soil would injure it.
In February it is recommended to water in the even,
ing and let the water off early in the morning:—
this practice is continued through March and April,
the water during that period being never kc]it oo
the land more than two or three days at a lime.
From the first week in May, the land is left dry
until the grass is cut and the hay harvest is over,
when it may be watered again for a short time, to
secure an abundant after-grass that may be fed oSl
The profits arising from irrigation are so rr^al
that they will justify a considerable outlay,
works, therefore, ought to be well and durab
striictcd ; the dams and sluices of the best n i-
als, and able to resist the sudden rising of t!:_ .. ,.
tcr. The beds which as already stated, an. i
from thirty to fifty feet wide, should be raised from
one foot to fourteen inches in the centre, so that
the water will fall gently off from the fecJcre
which run along their summits to the drains.

Whore an old and well set meadow is to be wa.
tered, it is advisable to lift the turf and level and
prepare the subsoil, relaying the turf after the bodi
are made. This process of lifting the turf am!
laying it after plowing and manuring the subjcil of
old grass land.-*, is practiced in the best agricuku-
ral districts in Europe with great advantage, oven
when it is not 'intended to prepare them for irriga-
tion, but only to invigorate the growth of the grass-
es. If when the works are completed, the soil ill
to be plowed up and levelled, it will require twtfi
or three years before it will be sufficiently set i^
grass to allow its being watered without working,

I have endeavored to give such a description ( I
the process of irrigation as will at least enable I
farmer to judge of the practicability of watcrin I
any portion of his land, if not to execute the wor
liimself. Those who seek for further informatio
on this important subject, may consult the wor!
of IJoswell, Wright, Smith and Johnson, Loudori
Encyclopedia of Agriculture, and Stephen's Pra<
tical Irrigator. The construction of works for il
rigation belongs, however, to the civil engine^
and it is to be hoped that those of the United Slatei
will turn their attention to the subject. Our ox-
tensive lines of canals may, for the most |>ari. bt
converted into conductors, and the water be ben*
ficially used to fructify the country through whicll
lliuy pass. If a blessing awaits the man who
makes two blades of grass grow where only on*

il

>!,. XS. %'0. 10.

AND II 0 R T I C r I. T U R A L REGIS T K R .

77

I'for*, the irriffator will bo thrico blessed —
!1 watered land will prodtu-e nt least llireo
nH rnucli ^ra^i as tiio ssiiio qiiality of soil
,lry culture. J. K. I'OINSETT.

N SEEDING OLD PASTURE L.\NDS.
vo mislaid some of my Inst year numbers of
'.tivatiir whicli treats of the subject of scod-
-ture proiinde wliicli have become worllilcss
i; many years without drcssin;;, and wishinjr
• the benelit of your experience in this mat-
inch concerns every dairy fnrmer as well ns
:. I should like to have you treat more fully
ii5 subject in your fall numbers, as that is the
cason, 1 think, which you recommend as most
roper to plow such lands.

Vours, &.C. W. E.

Hollislon, Jult/Oa, lt?41.

One of the most important aids of the dairy far-
icr is good pastures. He may select the best of
ock, and pay the strictest attention to his milk-
ig, his churning, and his cheese-making ; still he
ust fence and pay taxes for ten acres of pasture
r each cow, and if he yet be obliged to cut his
orn stalks in August to keep his stock from starv-
ig, he can make but little profit from his dairy.

How can we expect old pasture grounds which
ave been fed for half a century without a visit
om any tool more efficient than a bush-scythe, to
ield an abundance of good feed .'

There is no ditEculty attending the improvement
fany pasture grounds in which the plow can be
atroduccd. People may plead in vain their ina-
ility to improve their pastures on tl'.e ground of a
jficiency of manures. And any one who has a
am, may gradually enrich such lands without the
jplication of any thing better than what is bihricd
II the furrow.
The first of September or the last of August, is
very convenient time to plow up pasture grounds,
t this season of the year the bushes and tJie wild
rasa are green, and will readily become manures
r the future grasses. This is also a season of
isure — teams are strong and may be fed with
alf the expense which is required in the spring —
nd the pasture grounds may now be spared better
iian at any other season, as most farmers by this
me have mowing grounds on which they turn
leir stock — and in addition to these, this is the
ily season when we can put the plow into some
nds which are kept in pasture, on account of the
)ringy nature of the ground.
The low parts of every pasture should be ridged
that is, as far as the plow will ridge iheni when
iirrow lands are marked out. It will be found
)0Ut as easy to mark out strips of ground not
ore than a rod wide, for what is called " a land,"
: to include a larger quantity ; and in this way
e ground may be sufficiently ridged without
aking use of the spade for the purpose. We
)pe many of our readers will sow rye with their
ass seed ; not to be reaped, but to be fed in the
ring. We sow herdsgrass and n'dtop with the
e, but we never sow clover or honeysuckle until
inter: March or April is the proper time for sow-
g these, and no harrow is needed to bury the
^eds, as the spring rains will cover them suffi-
cntly. Some of our farmers prefer to sow no
-ass seeds till March, as they wish to avoid the
sk of winter-killing — a fate which rye and grass
leds of all kinds will sometimes meet.

It is not vciy material that the plow shall turn
every sod when the land is not to he mown. I'lm.
ture lands are often no roujjh, that the cut twil nncr
mode of plowing is the only one thai can bo adopt-
ed. In such cases n good hirrow will scatter
fresh loam on to pans which the plow has not
turned ; and horo the new seed will vegetate or
the old grasses will be renovated and made better.
— Uotton I'ullivnior.

FALL SEEDING.

We again remind our readers that the time for
laying down lands to gniss npproiches, and that

now is the time to prepare the soil for the seed.

Those who hcve worthless meadows or sloogh
holes are invited to try the virtues of loam or fine
gravel applied lo the surface so as to destroy com-
pletely the old vegetable growth. Two or three
inches in depth of covering will be found suflicient
in most cases where the surface of the meadow is
even, and the whole cost of preparing one aero for
llie compost manures which may bo pat upon the
surface, will not exceed twelve dollars, in cases
where loam or gravel may be found within the dis-
tance of ten rods.

We say, try one acre — half an acre — one rod
square — if no more capital can be spared to make
improvements in grass lands. Remember last Ju-
ly: the dry weather had no bad effect on ihe low
land grasses, but in many c.ises it improved them.
Now is the time if over, to pare off and make
smooth the surface of these bogs for the admission
of other matter to warm and to render them fertile.
The sods may be piled in heaps to be dried and
burned in a few days after they are cut, and the
ashes should be spread over the whole surface. If
these sods should not be sufficiently dry for burn-
ing this season ; or if they should be only partially
burnt, they may be piled up anew in heaps as large
as half a hay-cock, and after haying next season
they will burn down to ashes: then these ashes
may be spread over the whole surface, and the
places where the heaps -stood may be sown with
grass seed.

Ditches for such lands should be dug parallel
with each other, and no cross ditches should be
made when this can be avoided ; for they are in
the way of the team, which may be needed in a
few years to subvert the soil and prepare it for
new seed. If cross ditches should be found neces-
sary, they should be covered drains, and they will
not obstruct the team.

Care must be taken to cover up the old grasses
completely and they will soon perish ; and it is
not advisable to suffer an iron-tooth harrow to be
used after the loam is carted or wheeled on. A
brush harrow, or, if it is miry, so as not to bear a
team, a hand rake will soon bury sufficiently the
seed for an acre. — IMil.

WHEAT CROP.

The Maine Farmer, of August 28th, says — The
wheat crop is coming rn v«ry good indeed. Most
of the wheat in this vicinity was sown late, in or-
der to avoid the ravages of the weevil. The dry
clear weather has prevented the rust, and as a
general thing, the crops of wheat which are now
being cut, are very full indeed. We have had
1 some gentle rains too, which were of great service.

In the vicinity of Gardiner, Me., but 2 3-10 in-
ches of rain have fallen forseven weeks.

SUN DIAL.

We have just seen in Messrs. Krock &. Co.'b .Ag-
ricultural Warclioiuc, a neat oust iron sun diul, at
llio low prico of JTt centa, which would be a con-
venient article near the farm-house. Mr Moore,
the maker, thus describes a mode of setting it: —

" The most convenient way of setting them ii<,
afler levelling the pedestal or plane on which the
dial is til be placed, to adjust a cluck or watch lu
the true ajiparont time, (either by sotting it by
another timepiece known to be correct, or by eqiinl
altitudes or other observations of the sun,) and
then at precisely 12 o'clock, M., lo set the dial
true and inako it fust to the pedestal by screws or
nails.

They are accurate for tlie latitude of this place
(41° aU') and will be sufficiently so for 150 or 200
miles north or south of this parallel, and will be
entirely correct for any latitude, if the dial is in-
clined in setting so that the edge of the gnomon
that casts the shadow, will be parallel with the
pole of the earth ; in other words, when the lati-
tude is less than that of the dial, the south side is
elevated as many degrees as the latitude is less,
and when the latitude is greater, the north side la
raised in the same proportion."

PEACHES.
For pickling, select large plum peaches that are
ripe but not the least soft. Wipe off the fuzz with
a cloth, put them in strong salt and water, and let
them stand for ten days, then soak them in fresh
water two or three days, to draw out the salt,
shifting the water every day. Put them in a jar,
strewing between each layer a small handful of su-
gar, a few cloves, and a little powdered cinnanwn,
and cover them with the best vinegar. Firm cling-
stone peaches may bo kept a year or two in strong
brine, as directed for cucumbers, and pickled in the
same manner. They look very pretty when pared
and colored with pink with beet juice or cochineal.
— Kentucky Houseioife.

PICKLED EGGS.
Boil them till they are hard ; throw them into
cold water immediately while hot, which will make
the shells slip off smoothly without breaking the
eggs ; boil some red beets till very soft ; peel and
mash them fine, and put enough of the juice into
some plain cold vinegar to color it a fine pink ; add
a very little salt, pepper, nutmeg and cloves ; put
the eggs into a jar, and transfuse the vinegar, &.c.
over them. They make a delightful garnish to
remain whole, for poultry game and fish, and still
more beautiful when cut in ringlets — lb.

GOOD ADVICE.

Re, and continue poor, young man, while others
around you grow rich by fraud and disloyalty ; be
without place or power, while others beg their way
upward; bear the pain of disappointed hopes, while
others gain the accomplishment of theirs by flat-
tery ; forego the gracious pressure of the hand, for
which others cringe and crawl. Wrap yourself in
your own virtue, and seek a friend and your daily
bread. If you have, in such a course, grown grey
with unblenched honor, bless God and die. — Hin-
zelmann.

The Nashville Agriculturist has been presented
with a tomato weighing one and a half pound!

78

NEW ENGLAND FARxMER,

SEPT. 8, 184r.

ANI> HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.
Boston, Wedsesdav, Skptembeh 8, 1841.

linn, yel as soon as the frost is gone, the bunch disap-
peiirs. Let the i^round be smoothed thus much and
then put on clay or loam or gra

fl bbout two inches

going into llif pan in all very wet places, will be obvi-
ous to any one who will refli^c:, that if the water stands
in a ditch, the bottom of which is the hard smooth pan.

WKT MEADOWS— DRAliNJNG OF THKM
We have no fears ihat we can press the subject of
draining meadow lands too strongly upon public atten-
tion. Such lands, when reclai/ned, furnish some of our
very besl soils : they are suiteil to nearly all our crops.
Also, while the process ofditching is going on, materiel
is obtained in abundance for the hog.pen, the bnrnyar'l,
and the compost heap. The peal, muck, meadow mnd,
or whatever else n:ay he its proper name, is ihc firmer's
mine of wealth. We insist upon it that our farmers can
find more gold and sihcr in the muck holes and swatips
than in their other lands. The vegetable mutter should
be ihrown up and exposed to the influences of the weath-
er. Age — age will render that which is too sour to be
of iinv si^rvice during the season in which it is dug — a^e
will rcniliT even such mattrr a riry serviceable article
for use on the land: — pile up the muck — gut two or
three years' supply on hand. And befliro you set about
this work, ascertain whether you cannot obtain the sub-
stance wanted by opening diiclics which will draw nff
the sla;;nant waters from your wet lands. So plan the
work as to " kill two birds with oi.e stone." This can
be done upon thousands of acres in the vicinity of our
city. When these waste places sliali have been reclaim-
ed, the agricultur.iliproducls of the Commonwealth must
be very greatly increased.

One con-ideralion in reference to such lands deserves
more regard than we remember to have seen nllaclied to
■t,viz: that their fertility may bek^ptiipata much
imaller outlay for manure than is required upon the up-
lands. Clay, loam, sand, gravel, each operates as a fer-
tilizer upon the collection of decayed vegetable matters
in the meadows ; and by the use of these maleriels on
the lowlands, much the larger portion of the animal ma-
nure may be reserved for the dryer grounds. The pro-
duce <if the me.idow will increase the quantity of ma-
nure upon the farm to a greater extent than will be re-
quired f"r keeping itself in good condition, so that the
reclaiming ofsuch grnunds will help one to means of en-
riching tliu remcinder of the farm.

The quality of our wet meadows in their natural
state, is so diverse, that it isdiflicult to liive any general
directions as to the best process of improvement. And
yet a classification of ihem may be formed, such as will
enabli; one lo ofler some hints in relation to the best
method to apply to each class.

Where ibe meadow is tough swarded — where it bears
a good burthen of meadow grass — where the bogs or
hassocks grow, it is dilfiruli to subvert the sod, and
bring ilie land into a suitalile stale fur tillage. Mere we
judge It besl to cut oil the hassocks in the easiest and
best way that each one's mother wit can devise, and
then put on a coaling (not very thick) of whatever ma-
teriel from the upland can bo mom easily obtained. Per
haps tin: leail expennivo way of removing the hassocks
IS, to cm Ilium oil' with an adz, or hou Mmiiar in shape
to the blade of the adz. This process is laboriuus, but
there is a time in the early spring, usuallv in the latter
part of .March, when the frost is out iff ihe lop and
sides of the hassock, while there is a hard Inizen spot
under its ceniro. At this time thej can he cut with
much dispatch. The frozen bunch serves as a block on
which to chop ofT the roots; and lhat bunch is raised by
the frost above its natural position, so ihni though, when
you liavo pared it, thure seems lo remain a finall eleva-

ihick, and the quantily and quality of the grass will be ! that this water will be constantly finding its way in un-
greatly improved.

In March, 1839. we prepared a small lot in this way
fowed on hay seed in August, and though no manure it up like a sponge.— See lhat you drain thoroughly.

dcr the mud upon the descending surface of ihe pan,
nd that the mud or peataUuvu will be constantly taking

lias been applied, there was upon that ground tlie pre-
senl summer a very slout cr(>\i, mostly clovtr. We judge
it good husbandry not to make the first coating upon
these lands very deep. A thick coaling requires ma-
nure at once; but the thinner coating apparently causes
some such chemical action between itself snd the mea-
dow, at the depth where the glass roots lie thickest, as is
highly favorable to the growth of the grass. If similar
action takes place 5 or G inches below the surface, the
grass derives (certainly while it is young) less benefit
from it. Our belief is, that a ihin coaling, and then
from year to year a top dre-^sing of the upland materiel,
is a much more economical process than lhat of a thick
coating in the outset ; this we sliould recommend even
if it should be made apparent that a portion of the
meadow grass will survive. One of the moel enterpri-
sing farmers in Essex county, Mr Joseph How, of Me-
thuen, informed us, a year or two since, that where he
had done nothing but smooth his meadow, put on a thin
coat of loam, and sow his seed, he bad obtained annual-
ly two Ions of good English hay per acre for three or
four successive years.

An aged gentleman in Wenliam, Mr Peter Dodge,
many years since commenced the application of clay to
such lands, and we doiihl wlielher there are any heller
grass lands in the eountvtlian iho many acies which he
has thus prepired. This process is known in the neigh-
borhood undei the name of " Peltrising," and it has
befjn so successful that where clay can be conveniently
obtained, it should be applied iu preference to any thing
else.

The meadows which arc free from hassocks and hare
a loose surface, it will be gwul economy to turnover
with the plow or hoe, and till them. Potatoes, corn,
winter rye, wheat, pumpkins, squashes, beans, ruta ba-
gas, and sugar beets we have had lo do well on such
lands. Here wash from the ro:ulside, loam, &c-, are
cood manures. .\n addition of ashes is of great service.
.'Ml the manures are good here — bill some dressings
which on the upland would be nearly worlhloss, will
here greatly increase the crop.

But one essential point is yel to be noticed. We re-
fer to the draining. And in this matter, discretion or
sound judgment is of the greatest importance. One
ditch through the lowest part of the meadow, any man
may mark out. But this will seldom be all thai is re-
quired. Before the waters from the shore, whether
they be those that run down on Ihe surface of the up-
lanil, or those which are oozing out from below — before
theso wiitPrs can reach the centre ditch, they must wnrk
their way through the vVliole mass of mud which lies
between the ditch and the shore; in doing this they
will keep the whole mass wet with stagnant, or nearly
slai.'niint waters. While this is the ease, the meadow
will be much less productive than it is easy lo make it.
Dilrhes across or at right angles with the main ditch,
may help to remedy the evil, but these, besidethnt fhey
accomplish the woiU of draining but very imperfeclli',
are great obstacles lo a convenient cultivation of Ibe
lands. Along the shore is tho proper place for opening
the most serviceable drains — and if the lands adjoining
ara springy, these shore drains should bo dug 8 or 111
inches into the p.in bslow the mud. The earth thrown
up, whether sand, gravel or clay, will make a good
drening for tho adjoining meadow. The importance of

(
CROPS IN ENGLAND. j

The climate of our mother land seems to vary from i
week to week the prospect for the wheat crop, more j
even than our weather changes Iho indications with us. ^
There are always and everywhere croakers, who from I
thoughtlessness or interest, raise the cry of short crops.
The papers from England, received by the Britlannia last {
week, contain numerous paragraphs relating to the |
weather and its effects upon the crop. While some
represent iJint ihero will be a general shortness of the
crop, others point lo particular sections where the har-
vest will he good, and infer llial there will be no scarci.
ty. The high excitement throughout th« country in re-
lation to the Corn Laws, naturally gives biases to those ,
who touch upon the subject, and it is not easy to satisfy
ourself as to the actual stale of the crops. We, howev-
er, must infer that very considerable quantities of foreign
grain will be wanted in the island, and as there is a
prospect that the duty will come down sufGcienlly lo
justify shipment from this country, the price of flour
wilh us will for some time maintain the increased price ^
which it now commands — The crops of wheat both in
England and this country are probably somewhat less ■
than an average, and flour will not be as low as for the
last year. Nothing, however, is known to us which au- ':
thorizes the expectation lhat there will be a scarcity, or '
that flour or grain will be higher than at present.

lUaasacliaaetta Hortlealtaral Society.

EXHIBITION OF FRSXTS.

Saturday, ^ug. 28.

From M. P. VVildcr — fine Dahlias; among Ihem Con
stantia, llival Revenge and Primrose.

From S. Walker — lioiiquets.

From Hovey & Co — Dahlias and Bouquets.

Fiom Capl. .Macondry— Dahlias.

From H. W. Diillon — Dahlias; among the number,
Charles XII. (while lipped.)

From J. Stiekney — Dahlias.

From J. G Sprague — Dahlias.

From C. McCliire— Dahlias.

From S. Sweclser — several fine Roses and Dahloifi.

Fiom A. H. Hovey — Gladiolus floribundus and I'lih.jt
Dnimmandii.

From D. Mclntyre — fine Dahlias, viz: Eva, Amato,
&c.

From S. R. Johnson — Roses, and ten kinds of fine
Balsams.

From P. Barnes — Dahlias.

From J. L. L. F. Warren — Bouquets.

Bouquets from Messrs Winsliip, W. Kcnrick, and
Misses Sumner.

Saturday, Sept. -1.

From Hovey 4. Co.— Dahlias, Phlox DrumniomJii
and seedling Verbenas.

From D. Wclnlyre — fine Dahlias and Asters

From II. W. Dutlon— fine Diihlias.

From Capt. Macondry — Dnhlias.

From A. H. Ilovey — Gladiolus floribundu.s, and ,\n-
Biiahi.

From M. P. Wilder— Dahlias, viz: Squibb's Defi-
ance, Constantia, &c.

From J. Stiekney— Dahlias.

From P. Barnes— Dahlins.

Bouquets from S. Walker, W. Kenrick, J. L. I, F
Warien, J. Ilovey, Ilovev A, Co. and AIis,ses Sumner

Nalno Plants from B. E. Colting.
For the Committee,

C. M. HOVEY, Chm-n.

I

)!.. >X. XO. 10.

A N D H O R T I C U L T U R A L R K (i I S 'I' F, R

79

TIlKKMO.MKriUCAI..
K.iKUlf J loi Ihf .Nr» K.nslaii'l K«niirt.
. -.i( iUt riiorinoiiiclcr 111 ilie (i.ir.!ciii)f llie |>r"i>rii>iiir«
Nrw KngUiiil Karmer, Brigkl.m, M»«. in * .Imilwl
'. ly <>x|iomire. week i>n>lin( Sept. 6.

.^cpi. 1841. I S.A.M. I ia,M. I T.P.M. | Wiiwt.

Monriiy,
Tu.-^.lav,

ThiM-doy,
Kn.liiv,
Sal ir.lny,
Sui.Liv.

M

««

83

M

«9

64

6S

6S

60

63

T7

71

64

84

76

69

63

74

62

68

«4

N. E.
N. V.
K.

S. K.
S K.
S. W.
S. K.

WKIliirrO.N .MARKKT— MoiiDAT, Sept. 6, ItMl.
Knwrtpil forttif Nrw Eniliind Farmsr.

.\{ .M.irkel520 Heel Cattle, 700 Sloren, 3,800 Sheep
and i'Xi Swiiip.

Vi^iK:tf.— Htef Collie — Tlio better qunllties of Biof
CnllV were icarce, consequently higher prices were
obI:iMii'd. We quote fin-l qujililv, $r> 00 a 6 00. Sec-
ond quality. $4 75 a 5 r>0. Third quiility $3 00 a 4 M.

:ilores. — .\ lii'go number of purchasers were at market
and higher price* were oblained. We quote (wo year
old $S u 13. Three year old, §U • 23.

Shtrp. — Sales quick at a siinill adv;ince. Lots were
sold m the fallowing prices, 75c. $1 00, $1 17, $1 25,
f 1 4-i. $1 t)2. $1 y2 and $1 'io.

Striiir. —Lots to peddle »>ore sold from 3 to 3 1-2 for
•ows and A and 4 1-4 for barrows. A lot Old harrows
Bl 3 1--. .\t retail, 4 to G \M

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected with ffrcat care, ucekly.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, very lillle in market. Red Top

I to 3.'> cents. Clover— Norlbern, 13c.— Southern, 10 c

Flax St e,l, SI, 37 to 1 50 bu. Lucerne, 25 c. per III.

FLOUR. Howard Street S6 87— Genesee S7 25— Ohio

GR.-VIN. Corn— Northern Yellow none — Rouml Yel

w S3— Southern Flat Yellow 80— While 80. — Rye—
Northern 70 lo 72— Southern none. Oats— Southern 45 to
t7— Norlhorn 50 to 64.

PROVISIO.NS. Beel— Mess 810 50 to II 00— Prime
<8 50— No. I 89 00. Pork— Extra— 15 DO — Clear 14 SU—
Mess 813 00. Hams— Northern 9 c. per Ih — Southern,
lOne. Lard— Boston 9 c per lb. — Southern, 8 lo 3 1-2.
Waller— Lump 13 to 22- Firkm 12 lo IS— Shippins; 8 to 14.

H.\Y. pi-r ion, 818 lo 20- Eastern Screwed 814 10 16.

CHt-ESE- Old 11 c— News.

EGGS, N a 16.

WOOL — 1'he market for this article has not experienced

IT change of late. Pulled Wool is ralher scarce, and there

hut a limited supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces the
Aock is also moderate. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,
J. 50 lo 65 c. --American full blood, wasKed, 47 to 50 — Do.

4 blood, washed, 44 lo 46— Do. 1-2 blooil, wa.shed, 3fi to
0 — 1-4 and commoD do, 35 to 37 — Smyrna Sheep, washed,
<0 to 25 — Do. unwashed, 10 lo 14 — Bengasi Sheep, 8 to 10 —

uenos Avres unpicked, 7 to 10 — Superfine Northern pulled
imb 43 I'i 40— No. 1 do. do. 37 lo 42— No 2 do do 26 to 30
-No 3 do do 15 10 20.

UOKTlCl'I.TURAL. EXHIBITION.

The Arkl'al Exhibitio.i, of the Massachu-
seli-i Horticultural Society, will take place at
iheir room, 23 Tremont Row, (iipposile the
Savings B.'ink) on Wedntsday, Thursday anil Friday^
ad, 2od and 24th of Sept.
Choice and rare specimens of Fruits and Flowers are
spectfully siiliciled from the members of ihe Massa-
husett? Horticultural Society, and from llie lovers of
lorticullure generally. Committees will bo in atlend-
nce to receive contributions on Monday and Tuesday,
0th unrl 2Ut of September, and the specimens sent will
e retained, subject to the order of the owner.
A list, giving the nanesof the specimens of Fruits and
lowers prt-sentcd is respectfully requested.
Per order of the Coinmitteoof Atrangcraents.

S. WALKER, Chairman.
Boston, Sept. 7th, 1841.

HORTICL'L,TUK.\L. DIXKER.

The Massachusells Horticultural Society propose cele-
raling their ensuinz Anniversary, by a Public Dinner at
loncert Hall, on Friday the 24th inst.

Tickets, three dollars, may be had at the N. E Farmer
ffice, No. 52 North .Market Street, or at Messrs. Hovey &

o't. Seed Siure, No. 7 Merchants' Row, any time previous
I Monday, 2aih inst. Sept. 8.

l/KTA.Mi l.itlK.

I'lirmer' in wnni id' Lime lor AirricuUural |Mirpn«i'i will
find il t;reaily in Ihrir advaiim;;e lo try the Si. George Co's
L'Etaiii; Lnnc, snid lo he suiieriur for thai puruusc In any
oiher ever yet inlroliiced. For tale by UAVID UAVIS,
over ihc Hope Insurance Oflice, Slold St., Boslon.

Sept. 8. 3in

PltINCR'8 Nl'RSKitlKB AKO OAItniilNS.

The New ("alnlii;,Mio» arc now rearly I'.ir di»-

Irihiilioii «-rii/u lo all who apply, pos/ p.ii',/, per

iniiil. Tiioy comprise an iniinensc asi«iirlnicril

III Fruils and Oriiamenlal Trees, .Shrubliery,

_ niid Plniils, Bulbous Flower Rools, and Dahlias,

n House I'hinls, Garden Seeds, &c., all of which are

now ui much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will re-
ceive prompt allention. 41eow Sept. 8

STRAWBERRIES I 8TRAWUERRIRS 1 1

The subscriber would offer to the public, the present
season, his SeU'cied Co//rr/ion, consisting of serf n varieties;
they are such as have stood the test of a J'uir trial fur
siTrn years, and all grown by ihe subscriber.

Warren's Scedimf Melhven, a new and valuable kind, a

free bearer, fruit very large and juicy ; fruit measuring S 12
inches have been exhibiied the nrcseut season. This va-
riety can he warranied to be one ol the finest varieties grown,
and will produce as fine fruit and as large quantity, wilh
the same cultivation, as any other ever offered. Tlie | rice
of this Seedling is $5 00 per hundred plants.

Melhrcn Castle— Fruil exlreinelj liirge, high flavnrel
and showy ; specimens of this fruil have been shown this
season six inciics in circuinferauce. Price three dollars per
hundred plants

Keen's Seedling. — A very superior variety, fruit very
large, rich dark color, and uncommonly high flavoied
Price three dollars per hundred.

Royal Scarlet. — Fruit long oval shaped and juicy, very
free bearer, and very hardy. Price two dollars.

//nu/ftois.— Fruit larger than ■'"nglish Wood, exceedingly
numerous, somelimes yielding 100 berries lo the plant.-
Price two dollars.

Early Virginia — This is known to be the earliest and
best fruit lor market, a free bearer and very hardy. Price
two dollars

English IFooti- Fruit well known for years. Price one
dollar.

Every plant sent from this garden will be warranted lo hi
free from mixluri'S, and shall also be young and healthy,
worth the price paid for them.

All orders directed to the subscriber, inclosing the amount
for the order, or with a good reference, shall be promptly at-
tended lo, and tlie phinls forwardcil agreeably lo directions.
Orders ran also To left in ihe subscriber's box, at JOSEPH
BRECK & CO'S Seed Warehouse.

JAMES L. L. F. WARREN.

Aug. 11. eopislm Nonantun Vale, Brighton.

This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of cut
ting Ruta Boga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots The
great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots
iiilo slices, which makes it almusi impossible for ihe cattle
lo get hold of ihcm ; Ihis machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient for the cattle lo eat. It will cut with ease from
one 10 two bushels ol roots per minute.

For sale by JOSEPH BUEI'K & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 52 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

GRINDSTUNKS.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstones
constanllyon hand and lor salebyAMMIC. LOMBAKU
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Not. IJ.

AIM'I.K IVVUKUH.

Just reiiiveii at ihe New i;n;;land Agriculiiiral Waic-
liiiuse. No 61 nnd 1,2 North Market Street, a good supplT of
Slanlcy't Sujyerior Apiile ParerB, a very uselul arlicb'. With
one of the».' mnchiiirk n buthel of apples may be pared in
a very short time in Ihe beil poMible manner, and wiih great
saving of the apple, a» the uuunlei may be taken nlfal eny
required lhi<kness. The above is aUo for «»le at N P. H.
WILLIS'. No 45 North Market Sireei, SCUDDEK, COR-
DIS & CO., and HOS.MERi TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 ),w JOSEPH BRKCK & CO.

SI'N niALM.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, .Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful oniric for tlie purpose ofgiting the lime
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4> CO., No 51 and 62 North Market Si.

Sept I.

GRKEN'S PATKNT SFRAWr CVTTBR.

JOSEPH BRECK A

lural Warehouse and S'-

England Agricul-
and 52 North Mar-

ket Slrcpt, have lor sale, Urccii 3 I'ulcnl Straw, Hny an I
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not berore
applieil to a»y implement lor this purpose. The most proin-
inenl elfecis of this applicalinn, and some of Ihe consequent
peculiarities of the inachioe are :

1. So great a redjction of the <iuantum of power requisite
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is suliicienl
to work it etficienlly.

2. Wilh even this moderate power, it easily cuts two hush-
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed
by any other machine even when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which ihey
cut, require sharpening less oficn than those of any other
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. Ii is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in general use lo gel nut of order.

NOTICE TO HOBTIcri.Tl'RI8TS.
AVhale Oil Soap.

The subscriber has constantly on hand, a»d in quantities
to suit purchasers, ihis useful ariicle which has lately proved
itself so destructive 'o ihe grtai variety of insects which m-
fest the Garden, Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKINS, 109 State street.

Boston Aug. 4lh, 1841. Im

ORIBNTAl. poppy.

The best time for planting this magnificent Pereanial, is
the present time. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Polo-
ny Whiiljeii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
Tartarica, &:c., from 50 cents lo il 00 per root.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 61 ond 52
North Market Street. Sepl. I

BULBOrS ROliTS.

The subscribers offers for sale a great variety of Piconies,
Lillys, Crown Imperials, nnd oilier Bulbous and fibrous
rooted plants which are most successfully planted in August.

Also, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous tools of
every description. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Aug. 11.

EDMUND T. HASTI.VGS ^fc CO.
Pure Sperm Oil.

No. 101 Slate St, keepconslanily for sale. Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which tbejr
warrant to be of the best quality and lo burn without
crusting.

nil Canisters of various sizes.
Boslon, Jan. 1, 1341. i»ly

TYK I'P CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromauda, 600 Chains for tye-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Debbit, Esq. of .Salem,
and Col. Jacciues, for ihe purpose of securing callle 10 the
stall, are found H he the safest and most eonvenienl mode
of fastening cows and oxen 10 the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK i CO., No. 62 North Market »«.

80

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

SEPT. 8. 1S4I.

M SCELLANEOUS

From the Daily Advertiser.

DIRGE FOR THE EMIGRANT'S DAUGHTER.

" The bright little prattler you remember so full oC life but
a lew short months ago, we have laid away in the cold
grouud. It is indeed diflicult to feel that she is gone for-
ever. She was our only one, and words cannot express the
anguish of our hearts."— L«Wer from the H'cst.

They remember the innocent look of a child,
With an aspect of love as an angel smiled :—
When the cricket at evcnins; his melody hums,
In many a heart- soothing vision she comes.

When the shadows of morning lengthen along,
They listen to catch the notes of her song ;
And as once it gladdened the summer bower,
They dream of her voice in the midnight hour.

They wander along in the deep-wooded glen.
And her laugii seems to ring through the vallies again *,
But the monnbcams came down on the deep mountain rill,
And vainly they watch for her step on the bill !

Like the flash for a moment that bursts ou the sight,
She vanished from earth to the fountain of light, —
Like the tinge of a cloud at the parting uf day,
That beautiful presence has faded away !

top, and place it in a Ory place. Apples or pears
thus treated, will keep good all the winter.

To preserve Steel from Tiiist. Take some melted
virgin wax and rub it over the article to be pre-
served. When dry, warm the article again so as
to get off the wax, and rub it with a dry cloth until
the former polish is restored. By this means all
the pores of the metal arc filled up without injury
to the appearance, and rust will not attack it un-
less it is very carelessly exposed to constant hu-
midity.

To preserve Reptiles. Three parts of distilled
water may be added to one part of alcohol ; or
equal parts of rectified spirit of wine and distilled
water are preferable ; these proportions will be
found sufficiently strong to preserve reptiles or
fishes, and have the additional advantage of not
destroying colors. I believe either of these mix-
tures will preserve anatomical preparations. — Select-
ed.

THE DEAF AND DUMB.

To enter the world without a welcome — to leave
it without an adieu — to suffer «nd to be unable to
communicate your suffering-*to stand a sad and
silent nionuinent amid the ^ofs of others, which
you cannot understand nor conceive of — to be shut
out of life — to carry within yotir bosom the buried
seeds of happiness which is never to grow, of intel-
lect which is never to germinate — to find even
your presence afflictive, and not to know whether
you excite compassion or horror — a whole exist-
ence witliout one cheering sound — without one
■welcome accent — without one exhilirating thought
— without one idea of the present — without one
hopeof the future. Oh! what a cloud of wretched-
ness covers, surrounds and overwhelms such a de-
plorable victim of sorrow !

Now to throw over such a benighted being the
sweet rays of intelligence — to open the intellect,
and let it gush forth in streams of light and jny —
to rouse the affections that they may know and
love God — to enlighten the soul, that it may soe
its origin nnd its destiny — to cause the lips to smile,
although they cannot speak — the eye to glisten
with other emotions than those of sorrow — and the
mind to understand, although it cannot hear — oh!
what a beautiful supplement to the benevolence of
heaven ! — E. Everett.

A FREAK OP NATURE.
Among the " distinguished strangers" who visi-
ted our city on Commencement day, we noticed a
four legged chicken, which was hatched in the
henery of a fanner in the neighboring town of Or-
ange. It had uttained to about the size of a quail,
and appeared to be as healthy and sprightly as any
of the feathered race. Its extra drum-slicks ap-
peared to be of but little if any use, although they
were well formed, and were furnisiied with the
usual appenda^^c of feet, claws, &c. They had
not, however, kept up with the fore legs in growth ;
but were far behind their compeers in size as well
as location. What is very remarkable in the natu-
ral history of this little fellow is the fact that he is
a quadruped, while all his numeroua family con-
nexions, from parents, brothers and sisters, down to
the remotest degree of consinship, are mere bipeds.
— JVew Haven Farmer's Gaz.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been minle tlic past year in iha*
form ami workmanship ol these Ploughs ; the mould b( nrd
has liceu so i'ormed as to iaij the furroic completchj
turnijic;' in every particle of jprass or stubble, and iearivr the
ground in the best possible manner. The length oi" lh«
mniilil lioard has been very much increased, so that thi
Plough works with the greatest case, both with respect
the holding and the team. The Committee at the late irii
of Ploughs at Worcester, sav,

" Should our opinion be aslted as to which of the Ploug
we should prefer for use on a (arm, we might perhaps say K
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to vork,^
try Prouly & Mcars, but if your land is heavy, hard or rocky^
BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's.''

At the above me:;tioned trial the Howard Plough rfii
more irork, irilk the same pewer uf tram, than any olhi
plough cxkibited. No other turned more than iweniyscv)
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while I
Howard Plough turned ticentvnine and one half inches, .
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard'
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantial!]
made.

There has been quiie an improvement made on the shna
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wiihoa
having to furnish a new laiidsidu : this shoe likewise securoH
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens thfl
Plough very much. \

The price of the Ploughs is from SG to Sl3. A Ploiigl||
sufficient for breaking np with four cattle, will cost abniql
Sio 50, and with cutter 41, with wlieel and cutter, S2 66
extra.

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, a|
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed SlurCi
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, bv

JOSEPH BRECK & ( O.

Ashes or salt, it is said, sprinkled over cabbages,
will prevent damage from worms.

6l(m»STO.\E:S, ON KKICTIO.V UOl.l,ERS.

RECIPES.
To extract a Glass Stopper. Take a large strip
of wool, pass it once round the neck of the bottle,
attach one end of this band to some fixed object,
hold the other, nnd then see-saw the bottle along
it. The friction will soon heat the neck of the
bottle, and by the heat the neck will expand suffi-
ciently to allow of the stopper being extracted.

To preserve nipples and Pears. Wipe the fruit
dry, then take a varnished crock or widc-moutliod
jar, at the bottom of which is to bo a layer of (ino
and very dry sand ; on this place a Inyer of fruit,
nnd 80 alternately fruit and sand, until the crock or
jar ia full. Put a very thick coat of sand on the I North Markc't "'i'som'^

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, lO.OOU feet Chains. suitabU
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BKKCKJ
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

liAOTOMETERS.

Grindstones of ditFerent sizes hung on friction rollers and
moved with o fool treader, is found to be a great improve.
inoiit on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
^■.•l^•' Willi winch they move U|>on the rolb'rs, renders them
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of grinding, can
govern the stone more to Ins mind by having the complete
control of his work. Stones hung in this manner are lie-
coming daily more in use, anil wherever used, give univer-
sal snlislartiou. The rollers can be attached lo stones bun
in the common way,

sale by JO.SEPH BRECK & CO,, Nos. 61 and 6S
July 14

Just receiveil at the New England Agricultural Ware
house, No. 61 nnd 62. North Market nU, a few sets of Lao
lomeiers, for testing the quality of milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & > O

NEW TUIiMP SEED.

Just received nnd for sale at the New England Agncul
tural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 6 1 and 62 North Mi
ket street,

.--.OO lbs. TURNIP SEED, of the growth of 16-11

July 14. JOS, BRECK & CO

I

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLT PAPER.

The Editortnl department of ibis paper boiin(;rum«
into tbo hands of ibe mibjrribi'r, bu is now autboriycd
by tbo publishers to inform llic public that the price of
ihc pnpor i« reduced. In future ilio terms will bo $i
per year in adtancc, or J2 50 if not pnid within thirlf
days. ALLEN PUTNAM.

N. B. — Postmaslora nro required by law to frank all
subscriptiuns and remittancus for newspapers, without
ezpenaa to subscribers.

TCTTLE AND DE>-.VETT, PRINTERS.

A N I) II () U T I (; U L T U U A L U E G I S T E R .

9

PCDLISIIEO BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. sa NOftTH M.tRKET STREET, (Ao«iooiTU«At Wa««houi«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY KVKNING, SEPTEMBER 15, 1841.

[NO. II.

N. £. FARMER.

E\V YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL SO-
CIETY.

iiM/f .S'Aoir and h'uir at !fi/racuse, Srpl. '29 and DO.
Prppnrntions arc making for an extensive and in-
restinj exhibition. The .\lbany Cultivator says :
t IS presumed that the show and fair will be one
tlierlo unequalled In the United States, and that
e collection of animals, implements, &.c. will be
the must satisfactory description." It is seldom
St "c deem it expedient to till our columns with
0 names of committees appointed by societies out
the State; but since this Society opens its doors
competitors from all parts of the land, and as the
'ords will be interesting to the intellifrent agri-
Iturisls of every State, we should fail to recipro-
te tlie liberality of the Society, and should with-
Id from many of our readers a valuable reference
ge, were we to omit copying the following: —

At a meeting of the Executive Committee of
; N. Y. State .Agricultural Society, held atSyra-
e, Aug. 18, 1841 — present, Messrs. Nott, John-
, (of Oneida,) Gaylord, Randall and Tucker —
following Viewing Committees were appointed
laward the premiums offered by the Society at
sir Cattle Show and Fair to be held at Syracuse
the ^th and 3Uth days of September :

O.N Cattie.
ua I. — SmUb — of any breed, 3 years old and up

wards.

Henry S. Randall, Cortland ; A. B. Allen, Erie ;
N. Bement, .Mbany; Wm. Garbutt, Monroe;
McDonald Mclniyre, Albany.

isses II. and III. — Bulls — of any breed under 3

years old.
Francis Rotch, Otsego ; Henry Rhodes, Oneida ;

fy. Hathaway, Ontario ; Geo. Vail, Rensselaer;
)rge J. Pumpelly, Tioga.
8s IV — Cows — of any breed, 3 years old and
upwards.
Anthony Van Bergen, Greene ; E. P. Prentice,
any; Thos. Hullis, Otsego; Ira Hitchcock,
eida ; Hiram Bostwick, Chemung.

sses V. and VI. — Heifers — any improved breed,

under 3 years,
liewis F. Allen, Erie ; Silas Gaylord, Ononda-
Thos. Weddle, Monroe ; John Gaskin, Otse-
; Jonah Davis, Chemung.

Class VII. — Grade Cows,
iarret Sackett, Seneca; C. S. Button, Wayne ;
Bullock, Albany ; Thos. Goodsell, Oneida; Wm.
ley, Ontario.

Class VIII.— Grade Heifers.
W. Brace, Onondaga ; John M. Sherwood,
fuga ; Wm. Alexander, Otsego ; D. D. Camp-
, Schenectady ; Rufus Boies, Cortland.
Class IX. — Cows — native breeds,
rtyron Adams, Ontario ; Thomas S. Meacham,

Oswego; Aaron Burns, Oneida; Crane, Her

kimer ; 'I'yier Fountain, Westchester.

On Sheep.
Class I. — Long Woolcd.
John P. Beeknian, Columbia ; John Snooks", On-
ondaga ; Thomas Jackson, Otsego; Wm. C. Cor-
nell, Monroe ; John Holmes, Washington.

Class II.— Middle Wooled.
A. B. Allen, Erie; Thomas Dunn, Albany; L.
D. Clift, Putnam; Howell Gardiner, Saratoga;
Wm. Musson, Otsego.

Class III.— Fine Wooled.
Wm. Randall, Cortland ; Henry D. Grove,
Rensselaer; L. A. Morrell, Tompkins; J. W.
Kneevels, Dutchess ; Robert C. Nicholas, Ontario.

On Horses — Wm. T. Porter, New York; Lewis
F. Allen, Erie ; Wm. Bartlett, Cortland ; John J.
Viele, Rensselaer ; Wm. B. Ludlow, Columbia.

On Sicinc — John Randall, Chenango; Ezra
Cornell, Tompkins; Nelson Washburn, Otsego;
Elon Comstock, Oneida; Wm. Salisbury, Greene.

On Plows — Jesse R. Burden, Rensselaer ; An-
thony Van Bergen, Greene ; Jeremiah Johnson,
Kings; John J. Thomas, Ontario; Rawson Har-
mon, Jr., Monroe; Humphrey Howland, Cayuga;
Henry Stephens, Cortland ; Elias Phinney, Massa-
chusetts ; Isaac Hill, New Hampshire ; S. W.
Jewett, Vermont.

On Cultivators, Drill Barrows and Harrows —
James McCall, Allegany ; L. C. Ball, Rensselaer;
Enoch Marks, Onondaga ; George Walsworth,
Oneida ; Arvin Rice, Oswego.

On Thrashing Machines — L. B. Lanirworthy,
Monroe; OrviUe Hungerford, Jefferson; G. W.
Patterston, Livingston; Lauren Beach, Onondaga;
Micah Brooks, Livingston.

On Horse Rakes and Straio Cutlers — Nicoll
Halsey, Tompkins ; Jabcz Burrows, Chautauque ;
John B. Dill, Cayuga ; Hiram Hopkins, Cortland ;
Chester Moses, Skaneateles.

On Farm Implements — not enumerated above —
Wm. Parsons, Niagara ; Samuel Hecox, Wayne;
Jesse Ives, Cortland ; Joseph Hastings, Rensselaer ;
Ira Hopkins, Cayuga.

On Samples of Grain — Pomeroy Jones, Oneida ;
George S. Taylor, Cortland ; Roswell Curtis, Cay-
uga ; Warner Abbott, Onondaga ; E. S. Beach,
Monroe.

On Samples of Ihnts — Heman Chapin, Ontario;
S. P. Rhoades, Onondaga ; Lewis Eames, Oneida ;
J. F. Osborn, Cayuga ; S. B. Burchard, Madison.

On Horticultural Products — David Thomas,
Cayuga; Alexander Wal.«h, Rensselaer; Grant
Thorburn, Queens; E. Holbrook, Dutchess; Oli-
ver Phelps, Ontario.

Committee or Arrangements.

Slate Society — Henry S. Randall, Harvey Bald-
win, Luther Tucker, William Fuller, .M. B. Bate-
man.

Onondaga Co. Society — P. N. Rust, Jos. Sav
age, M. D. Burnett, E. F. Wallace, J. M. Ellis.

The following gentlemen were appointed a com-
mittee to solicit members and funds for the Socie-
ty at Syracuse :

M. D. Burnett, Esq., H. Baldwin, Esq., J. R.
Lawrence, Esq., B. D. Noxon, i'. N. Rust, J. San-
ford.

Additio.nal Premums.
To lircedtrs.
F. Rotch, Esq. having given the Society $30
for that purpose, premiums will be awarded to
breeders as follows :

To the breeder of the best thorough bred bull, $10
To the breeder of the best thorough bred cow, 10
To the breeder of the best thorough bred heifer, 10
Fur Working Ozen.
Willis Gaylord, Esq. having contributed §20 for
that purpose, a premium will be given

For the best yoke of working oxen, $12

For the second best do. do. do. 8

In awarding this premium, particular reference
will be had to the close matching, excellent train-
ing, and docility of the animals, as well as to their
general good appearance. Committee — Abel Bald-
win, David Bundy and Dan Ilibbard.

Fat Cattle.
Mr Rust offers a sweepstakes, twenty dollars en-
try, for the best yoke of fat cattle. Committee —
B. P. Johnson, B. D. Noxon and M. D. Burnett.

.'} Plowing Match,
Under the direction of the Onondaga County
Agricultural Society, will take place immediately
after the trial of plows, on the second day of the
Fair.

Regidations for the Fair.

I. A Committee of Arrangements, consisting of
five members, will in conjunction with a commit-
tee consisting of the same number, appointed by
the Onondaga County Agricultural Society, exer-
cise a general supervision and control on the day
of the Fair.

H. Clerks shall be appointed by the committee
of arrangements, who shall occupy a convenient
stand near the place of exhibition, who shall give
to every one entering animals, cards, with the num-
ber of the pens which said animals shall occupy,
and the premiums for which said animals are en-
tered, written thereon — and such cards shall be
conspicuously placed upon the pens containing the
animals. A list of all such entries shall be kept
by said clerks.

HI. No animals shall be removed from the pens
until the close of each day's exhibition, without
permission of a member of the committee of Ar-
rangements.

IV. Applicants for premiums on animals will bo
prepared with written statements, accurately de-
tailing the age and method of feeding such ani-
mals ; and those drawing premiums may be re-

82

NEW ENGLAND FARiMER,

SEPT. 15. 1 11

quired to make oath to the correctness of said
Btaleineiils. Such written statements will be de-
livered to the clerks on entering the animals.

V. All animals will be examined and preiiiiums
awarded on the first day of the Fair, and the view-
ing committees will commence their inspection at ]
10 o'clock, A. M. No spectators will be admitted
to the yard, until after the viewing committees
have performed tlieir duties.

VI. Implements, products, &c. will be examin-
ed on the second day of the Fair. Implements,
particularly plows, will be put to a full and accu-
rate test

VII. Any inhabitant of the State will be sufTor-
ed to compete for premiums on animals and pro
ducts, and any inhabitant of the United Slums for
premiums on implements, on the payment of one
dollar, if not already mentbers of the Society.

VIII. Viewing committees shall in all cases
have power to examine applicants for premiums
personally, when more particular or satisfactory in-
formation is desired.

IX. No premium shall be awarded without a
competition, unless the viewing committee shall
deem the animal, or product, or implement exhibi-
ted, highly meritorious — nor in cases where there
is competition, utilcss they shall consider such ani-
mal, product or implement worthy of the same.

X. All reports of viewing commillees shall be
made io writing and signed by the members assent-
ing thereto.

XI. All persons intending to compete for the
premiums on animals, should give notice to that
effect on or before the 20th Sept. to Luther Tuck-
er, Albany ; H. S. Randall, Cortland village; M.
B. Bateman, Rochester, or P. N. Rust, Syracuse —
in order that the necessary accommodations may
be made for them. It is desirable, also, that those
who intend to compete for the prizes on imple-
ments, should give notice as above by the 20th
September.

Q^Owners of stock throughout the State, and
manufacturers and patentees of agricultural and
horticultural implements throughout the United
States, are invited to present their animals and im-
plements. Samples of farm and garden products,
silk, cocoons, domestic uianufiicturcs, &.c. &.c. are
also solicited.

Discretionary premiums will be awarded on ar-
ticles not enumerated in the prize list.

Friini llic Albany Cullivalur.

QUICKSILVKR A DESTROYER OF THE
CANKER WORM.

.Yewport, Feb. '.^S, 1793.
Hon. .lusiin Ely, Esq. — I was the last evening
favored with yours of the I'lth inst. It is with rea
pleasure I communicate to you, sir, the informa-
tion I have had of the efficacy of quicksilver in de
stroying the canker worm, so destructive to our
apple trees. Having been informed of an instance
iu which the trial had a complete effect, I was in
duced to examine into the facts personally. I
waited upon the gentleman who had declared the
success of his experiment — a ilr AlcCurrie, a gen
tieman who owns and improves a good farm on
this island — a iiian of good observation, an excel-
lent farmer, and on whose credit the utmost rcli
ance may be had. He had several orchards, but
the one the experiment was made in was an old
orchord of very largo trees. Nine trees, the most

central in the orchard, he bored with a spike-gim-
let about four or five feet from the ground, an inch
and a half or two inches into the tree, rather slant-
ing the boring downwards. He procured an ounce
of quicksilver from an apothecary — half an ounce
he inserted into one of the trees, a quarter of an
ounce he inserted into three irecs in equal quan-
tities, and the other quarter of an ounce as equally
as he could, he divided into five other trees. He
then plugged up the holes tight. This was done,
I think, in December. Some weeks after, he took
out the plug.", and found the quicksilver in the
same state he had put it in. He again plugged
up the holes, and sometime after the sap of the
trees had begun to ascend, he again took out the
plugs and found the quicksilver was gone, leaving
behind something like the slime of a snail. The
worms came as they had done the year before, and
totally destroyed all the verdure, &c. of all the
tri-es except those nine, which were in as good or-
der as ever they had been, and yielded their com-
iiion plenty of apples, about one hundred bushels.
The boughs of some of the nine trees interlayed,
and were interwoven with the branches of the oth-
er trees ; and he said the fruit upon them was
equally good, while ihe branches of the other trees
so iute-woven amongst them, appeared as though
they had been fired. The trees with the least
quantity of ipiickeilver were equally protected or
preserved as Ihe one which had half an ounce. He
inserted the quicksilver with a quill open at one
end and the side of it cut in the manner we make
a pen, the more readily to let the quicksilver into
the quill.

As to the Palmer worms, I know nothing of
them; he made no complaints of them. If they
are a worm which always follow the other, they
might have been equally affected. It seems the
quicksilver might have been diffused by the sap to
the very extremes of all the ramifications of the
trees.

I should think it may not yet be too late to try
the experiment, though I should prefer the latter
end of January or beginning of February, for in-
serting the quicksilver. Perhaps credit might be
given to the effect of such an experiment, by rea-
soning from the efiect which mercury has upon the
human body. But I leave that province to others,
whose professions and abilities are more adequate
to the undertaking; ever preferring facts to theo-
ry, and that humble track to the labyrinths of fancy
and imagination. At any rate, facts and success-
ful cxperimcnis are most encouraging to the far-
mer, who ought to be led by a certainty of success
or giiin, as too many can illy bear unsuccessful la-
bor or expense. I have heard of an attempt of the
like kind as the foregoing, made without success ;
but this was attributed to an improper time of in-
serting the quicksilver, viz : in June.

HENRY MARCHANT.

From the same.

ARTIFICIAL WATERINC PLACES.
Messrs. Editors of tht Cultivator — Mr William
Robertson, of Fishkill Landing, Dutchess county,
one of our most successful farmers, has communi-
cnt(Ml to me the following mode, successfully prac-
ticed by himself, of supplying ivith water, fields
destitute of springs, ponds or rivulets. The farm
lately occupied by him is now in the hands of its
proprietor, J. 1). L. Verplank, Esq., where the wa-
tering places constructed by Mr R., may stilt be

seen. The situation of the farm is upon the w hoh
favorable for the purpose, and the plan therefon
may seem to require further tests by experiment
before it can be considered invariably successfu'
He says it was an entirely accidental discovery,— T
he one morning found one of his calves drowned ii
a barrel sunk in the usual way for the purpose o
collecting water from a spring. The water hai
sunk to near the bottom of the barrel, and the ani
mal in reaching down for it had lost its balance
and falling, was unable to extricate itself. \'e.ve4
at his loss, he immediately ordered the cavitv t
be filled up ; this was accordingly done by tliro»f
ing in a parcel of round pebble stones, which wen
lying near at hand. The next day in passing bj
he saw to his surprise, that the water had rise:
over the tops of the stones, although no rain ha>
fallen, and the se&son had been very dry.

The idea then struck him, (manifestly crrone
ous, as Ihe barrel is not water light in these cases
that it was similar to the raising of water ui
pitcher by throwing in pebbles, and lie deternmie
to make the experiment more complete. AccorJ
ingly the barrel was taken out and the hole deof
ened with very little appearance of water, and h
struck his crow-bar down so as to make .-;' ver>
deep holes ; he then replaced the barral, packm
it well around with earth, and afterwards filled i
the barrel as before, with the pebbles. In a shoi
time he had the pleasure to find the water oo/.in
in and gradually rising over the stones until
stood permanently some inches over the surriiimi
ing level. He repeated the trial in several oth(
fields, and always with snccoss, even in plict
where, on first digging down, tlier'
least appearance of moisture, much

he considered that the appearance ^: .-, _...^.

is of no consequence, but that water will at
show Itself in the barrel in all cases, and
nally rise 18 or 20 inches above the surfiice, a|
pareiitly increasing in quantiiy for & year or two

Such is Mr Robinson's statement, and he is tul
entitled to our confidence, yet I do not believe th
this is an infallible method of obtaining water
every situation, strata or soil ; it nevertheli .- n
pears to me reasonable to suppose that it rnav pro'
of great service in many ploces at present i;e!.|
tute of water, without resorting toexpensu.' Iio
ing, digging wells or making artificial pond- ; tl
last especially, from the severity of our s. -in
requiring great labor and care in their en 'ru
tion, to prevent their being nflbctcd by iV.i.-ts i
drought.

I do not know whether the followin
tions will throw any light on the rationale of
simple process, which at first sight appears sea
ly entitled to notice. The driest soil [l
ance completely dessieated) nevertheless n n
some moisture, quickly attracts more from ih
mospherc, and, if collected, from u large li I
earth, it would form a considerable rill. Ii
suppose one drop gradually to distil and r. 1!
into the excavation, its full and its attracln i.
put in motion the next particle and the next,
so on as long as there are particles to be alTec
and this takes place not only in one right line,
extends in every direction : nt first only those lio
towards the aperture which are in a hon.' mti
plane with the upper level of the vessel, but by
grees the higher strata are affected, and their pi
sure from above in a tight vessel or tube (for
sides of the barrel become tight by the prc«»|
ami packing of the earth and the swelling of

111! I

»'!;

A NO H 0 R T I C U L T U R A L R E f I I S T E R .

83

' itli inoistura,) it) at len;!(li uuitlcioiit to force

-ualniii a column of wiilor s.nnt'tliing above

ico of the utljaconl soil. I piosimio were

iiiunicatioQ til bocutotVhy any iiipaiiii witli

'ioU);li ilixtant, liijriicr tliiin (lio surface of

I ground around tlio liarrvlH, it would not ri«c

JVC tlic rim. Probably with a ncutor adju9t-

nt and a perfectly watcr-li);lit ajiparatua, a still

ater elevation might be obtained. The origin

natural springs is accounted for in precisely the

■noway; tlio only dilTcrence is that we furnish

artificial reservoir for the almost iinpcrcepliblo

erics of the earth, which otiienviee would steal

ay to some natural orifices issuing at the sur-

The stones assust in enabling a small quan-

of water to rise to a higher level; perhaps

ir natural coldness aids in condensing terrcstial

t may be c:onsidercd analogous to the creating
ssiio in our own flesh by inserting a pea, for
tanco, in a muscular part of the body, and thus
atiiig a dissemination of the natural lymph to
particular orifice. I should have made trial of
plan on my own place, but (fortunately in all
er ri'spects) mine is a piece of groundabound-
water, and would, add no corroboration,
refore, to the e.Tperiments of the inventor. Re-
ring so little trouble, perhaps some of your con-
ntors will put it into execution and communi-
the result. A SUBSCRIBER.

GOV. HILL'S 0.\T CROP,
midst the drought of the present year, the edi-
of tlie Visitor has been highly successful in a
> of oats. Land which yielded less than half a
of hay to the acre in the summer of 1839, was
red up in the sward about the 20th of May.
3 — about forty loads of manure were spread to
acre ; a portion of it was turned under the sod ;
rtion was plowed in to the depth of four in-
:, and a portion was simply harrowed under ;
the land produced a very decent crop of Indian
and potatoes. The original sod was hardly
jrbed either in the last year's cultivation or the
ing of the present spring. The land was
«ly plowed once the present spring, and six
•els only of oats sowed upon four acres. The
came up so thin that several persons pronounc-
jerc would be nothing of them early in June :
branched and spread in the course of the sum-
so that they were as heavy upon the ground as
ubie the quantity had been sowed. Some of
I were five feet in height, and the straws of
iizc of pipe stems. The whole piece, with the
ption of the trampling and rolling over in some
i by three unruly boys upon the Sabbath, stood
ell — much better and stronger than it would

done had the blades been more numerous. —
piece has been carefully reaped, and the re-
is two hundred and seventy five stooks of twelve
'les each, making twelve loads, which will
h at least twelve tons. The opinion is, that
bur acres will turn out full three hundred bush-
f oats. We have seen not another such piece
ts in this part of New Hampshire : if any man
produced more, we invite him to communicate
act through the columns of the Monthly Visi-

Farmer's Monthly Visitor.

Kiciiii ilic Alliuiiy CulUTiilur.

RK.MEDV FOR Tlin TURNII' KLV.

Afrssrs. Gdi/lord (f Tucker — .\h every thing is of
interest to the farmer which enables hiiii li> guard
against the depredations of the insect world, us
well as to ovcrcoiiio the notions of by.gonu days
which have lung since been e.vplodcd by the light
of science and experience, I have taken the liberty
of communicating for the Cultivator somo e.\'peri-
meiils relative to the preserving ruta buga and oth-
er turnip plants from their most destructive enemy,
the black lly.

iMany farmers have abandoned the ruta baga cul-
ture entirely, in consequence of the great uncer-
tainty of the crop. I have for several years con-
tended with the little black fly or flea, which at-
tacks the plant as soon as it appears, anil often in
a single night destroys a whole field. Many a
see.l-soller has been overwhelmed with anathemas
for selling bad seed, when the little fly has made
way with the plants before tlio farmer was up in
the morning. 1 have never until this season been
able to arrest the depredations of the fly, except
partially.

In the June number of the Genesee Farmer, I
noticed a remedy for the fly, recommended by Mr
Parsons, of Perry. The method which he has
adopted with entire success, is " to soak the seed
tor '.i4 or 48 hours in tanner's oil, and then roll it
in plaster to facilitate sowing." A very little oil
will bo sufficient. I tried the remedy on my seed
this year, and with most entire success. The offen-
siveness of the oil is imparted to the plant, I pre-
sume, and if so, it is no wonder the fly is willing
to seek some more delicious herb on which to perch
and satisfy himself. I made trial of some seed as
usual III the same field, but found that the fly took
nearly all the plants.

With Mr Parsons, I would say to the incredu-
lous, put this receipt by, and make the experiment.
It will not cost you much, and if it save you four
or five hundred bushels of roots, for an expendi-
ture of sij ctnls for oil, you will bo repaid for hav-
ing yielded once to experimenting.

B. P. JOHNSON.

ducate a community in the idea that to work
the hands is degrading and dishonorable, and
educate them for vice and misery.

RECIPES.

Mr Gray, of Trumbull co., Ohio, informs us that
a gill of melted lard turned down the throat of a
sheep, is an effectual remedy for that animal when
poisoned with the low laurel, which abounds in
some parts of the country.

He says it will also cure persons that are poison-
ed with the vine called running ivy, or mercury,
frequently found on low meadows, by rubbing it
on two or three times, whenever its etTccts are felt.

lie recommends the following to cure the bloat
in cattle : — Take about half a pound of salt pork
that is fat; cut it into slices, and draw out the ani-
mal's tongue, and place the pork as far down the
throat as possible, when it will be swallowed, and
relief soon be given, if the bloat is caused by clo-
ver or fresh erass. I have known from 1 pint to
1 quart of melted lard (according to the size of the
animal,) turned down the throat, used with the best
effect in cases of bloat. — Mhany Cult.

Be indefatigable in your honest pursuits : — you
will always obtain a part of what you seek ; and
the first success, however faint, will give you cour-
age in your farther efTorts.

SMOKI.NU FlRKl'LACKS.

A correspondent of the Albany ('ultivator gives
the following hints on the construction of chimnoyi
so as to prevent their smoking :

"The best means of preveiitirtg that pest, smok-
ing fireplaces, is to build so as to produce a alronf;,
sltiul;i drnuglU. 'J'lie nir in the chimney is rarified
liy the heat from the fire, and roiisecpicntly rises;
the air in the room lills up the partial vacuum, and
a current is established. To insure ii draught in
the chimney, the air entering it should bo heated
as much as possible. This is done by having the
mantle or front of the fireplace low : this ivill force
the air nearer the fire, and of course cause it to
rise with more velocity, because it will be heated
more than in a high front fireplace. The back
should bo of the same height as the front. If a
tight room has a largo fireplace and chimney, it
will smoke, because thcr>! will not sufficient air en-
ter the room through the crevices of the doors and
windows to produce an active draught up the chim-
ney, and the cooler, heavier air on the outside will
reverse the current, and force the smoke down into
the room. Long chimneys usually have a stronger
draught than short ones, as the column of rarified
air is longer, but they may be made so long as to
cool the air before it reaches the mouth of the
chimney ; for this reason very long stove pipes
smoke more frequently than pipes or chimneys that
are shorter. It ia necessary, also, that the interior
of a chimney should be smooth, so as to present
no impediment to the smoke."

[There lived in our native town, years ago, a
waggish old man by the name of Skidmore. Be-
ing plagued with a smoky house, he had some al-
teration made in the chimney, but with no good re-
sult. One of his neighbors knowing this, said to
him, " Well, Skidmore, how does your chimney
work now ? smoke any ?" " Not a bit !" " What,
not smoke .' You know it does as bad as ever."
" I say it don't smoke a bit." " But you know it
does." " I say it don't smoke a bit — the smoke all
goes out at the ivindow .'"] — Ed. N. E. F.

From the New Genesee Farmer.

SHEEP POISONED BY THE COMMON RED
CHERRY.

.Messrs Eitilors — Some six or eight years since,
while carrying on farming at Rock Stream, one of
my orchards, in which was a variety of fruit trees,
including a number of the common red sour cherry,
became covered with a luxuriant growth of grass,
to destroy which, I turned in, about the first of
September, fifty or sixty Merino sheep. The ani-
mals seemed unusually fond of eating the young
cherry sprouts which had sprung up very thick un-
der and about the cherry trees. In less than an
hour a large proportion of them were discovered to
be diseased. They staggered continually, pitch-
ing forward upon their heads, and often turning
entirely over upon their backs. In the course of
two or three hours several of them had died ; the
remainder gradually recovered.

Post mortem examinations proved that their sto-
machs were compactly filled with the leaves of the
cherry sprouts, containing, I presume, prussic acid
sufficient to destroy animal life.

E. BARNES.

NoTF. — A neighbor of mine lost a cow from
her eating the leaves of a cherry tree, which had
been blown down by a wind storm.

84

NEW ENGLAND FAR.MER,

SEPT. 15, 1841.

"PETERISING."
In our editorial last week, we mentioned that

Bartlett i'oars, from J. P. Pierce, Dorchester.

S. Pond exhibited a very large quantity of Plums

nmong them we noticed the Washington, White

we cut the dirt into long narrow strips and dry il
and then it becomes good to burn." The saga
cious Lieutenant listened to the Irishman's sug

Mr Peter Dodge, of Wenham, had reclaimed many q g j)ua„e's purpig Green Ga're a°id Bingham gestion, and it has now become an important arti
acres of meadow land by dressing them with clay; _^^i,'^^ ^^ al.o, julienne and' Bartlett Pears; ' " ' ^- ^ "" ' " ^ '*

and that this process is called by his neighbors, ^^^ ^^^J ',„ ;„, handsome.

" ^!.'",'."'?' ". ^'".? .^Tl^:^""^ 'L' ^. ° „ ": ' From N. .\. Dyer, an apple called the Ginseng.

Very 6ne Phims, Peaches, Porter and other Ap-

mer" alluded to in the following extract from Mr
Huntington's address before the Essex Agncultu
ral Society: —

" Before quitting this topic, I cannot forbear re

pies, were exhibited by J- L. L. F". Warren.

W. Thomas, Boston, sent specimens of a seed-
ling Plum, of an oval shape and quite large; color

lating an anecdote, which will illustrate the gene- 1 red ; the flesh parting freely from the stone, and
ral views here presented. Within the last year,
an aged farmer, who has made hiniseU rich by this
mode of cultivation, adopted extensively many
vears ago, was called as a witness before a sher-

of good flavor.

From J. F. Allen, Salem — handsome Franc real
Pears ; Black Hamburg and Constantia Gropes.

From B. Balch, Salem— Seedling Plums, of small

ill's jury, to estimate the value of a neighbor's j t;izp and quite black.

land, which had been taken as a highway. The
land was a narrow strip of three rods in width, run-

Wm. Oakes, Ipswich, also sent specimens of
Plums, which he calls a native variety of Gage

ning partly over upland tillage or field, and partly 1 Plum, brought from the State of New York by Rev

over a meadow, producing coarse and sour grass
Several witnesses were called in behalf of the pe-
titioner for damages, to appraise these diffeient
soils, and all of them, except the old farmer, esti-
mated the upland considerably higlier than the
meadow. When he was called, he reversed the
estimate: and the counsel for the county, a j)pa-
rently surprised at this judgment of the old far-
mer, differing from that of all the other witnesses,
and thinking he had caught him napping, exclaim-
ed with a loud voice, (the old fanner being quite
deaf,) " do you ])resume to say, sir, that this mea-
dow land is worth $70 the acre, and more than
this valuable field ?" The old farmer, raised a lit-
tle by the apparent temper and spirit of the ques-
tion, replied substantially as follows. I may not
give the precise words, but I do not mistake the
substance of the answer. " I do presume, sir, to
say so — and I know so, and there is no mistake.
I have worked over those meadows, and know aU
about it. I have sold a good deal of English hny
from mine, and I know I get more and better Eng-
lish hay from my old meadows, than I do from my
uplands. The fact is, tliere is a bottom and foun-
dation in those meadows, which we do not, and
cannot find in the uplands, and there is no mistake
about it. I do presume, sir, to say again what I
have said before, and I know it is true."

Gardiner I!. Perry, and grown from suckers taken
from the root of Mr Perry's tree. .Mr Oakes states
that it is a good bearer and thrifty tree. The spe-
cimens sent were of a very sweet, rich flavor, simi-
lar to the Green Gage, and in color and size very
much resemble that variety.

A great variety of Plums and Pears, were exhi-
bited by Mr Manning; among them were the fol-
lowing' sorts : I'lums — Bingham, White Pedrigon,
Dana Yellow. Cruger's Seedling, German Prune,
and Reiiie Claude. Pears — Chair a Dame, Golden
Beurrc, of Bilbna, Hazel, Musk Honchretien, Ho-
ney, Duquense, Julienne, Dearborn's Seedling and
Franc real d'cte ; also, the following .Apples: Au-
gust Perfume and Golden Sweet.

By J. J. Beckford— Duane's Purple and White
Cage Plums.

By R. Lawrence — Cuba and Yellow Tomatoes.
For the Committee,

P. B. HOVEY, Jr.

clc of fuel, not only in Danvers, but in many pla
ces in New England. Tlie best peat is that whirl
shrinks the most in drying, and is the heaviest-
Peat of this quality is almost as durable as oak o *
walnut, and will produce as much heat, for tlier
is no water in well-dried peat, whereas there i
more or less in wood of all kinds, more especiall
oak and walnut. Peat varies in price as well a
quality : it can be purchased from $3 50 to $5.—
Many people who do not own peat, purchase
ditch at the rate of one dollar for n rod in lengtjf
five feet wide and four deep, which will produc
I about a cord. A good ditcher will cut five rods
day, with three boys to carry it out. All that r<
mains -to he done after it is cut and spread is t
pile it cob-house fashion, and when dry cart it t
your haliitatioii. Probably this is the cheapest wa
of procuring your winter's fuel. There is abui
dance of peat in the ineadowi in various parts <
the State.

I hope these few suggestions will induce thos
who study economy, and wish a cheap substitul
for wood for fuel, to try the experiment. In a fi
turo communication I intend making some obsc
vations on tan, the refuse of wood, as an article
fuel. G. O.

jYorth Danvers, Aug. 20.

From the Salem Observer.

PEAT.

From the Albany Cultivator.

THE BLOODY MURRAIN.

Messrs Editors — On the morning of the 2G
June, I discovered that the urine of one of my co>
appeared to bo very highly colored, and upon e
amination found it to consist principally of bloo
In a short time she commenced trembling violci
ly and fell, and appeared to be convulsed, alt
which she recovered enough to rise. Her d
charges became more frequent, and gradually tur
ed darker colored, until they became almost bln(

Akssrs. Ives J,- Pease— As economy in fuel, orl ^^j j^ ^ few hours she died.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Exhibition of Fruits, Saturday, Sept. 4.
The display of fruits this day has not been sur-
passed at any previous exhibition the present sea-
son: the number of varieties and the quantity
shown was quite large: the specimens of many,
particularly those of the President, Messrs. .Man-
ning, Pond, Allen and Warren, were very fine.

The President, M. P. Wilder, exhibited the
Beurrc de Amalis and Dearborn Peara — the latter
the handsomest wc have seen of that variety. Al-
so, the Bingham Plum.

From F. W. Macondry — large and very hand-
some Crab Apples

rather substituting other lunterials for wood to pro
duce heat, is of great importHnce, more especially
to the poor and middling classes, I hope that a few
hints on this subject will not be unacceptable. It
is well known that vast quantities of wood, particu-
larly pine, are consumed on board our steamboats
and on our railroads, and it is equally well known
that our forest trees arc disappearing much more
rapidly than they are re-produced. What then
will be the consequence if other mateiials are not
substituted r In my present article I shall make
some observations on peat, or wliat is commonly
called turf, as a valuable substitute for wood, which
is now much used in this vicinity, and I believe
more or less over the whole State ; but which
ought to be much more used, considering its cheap-
ness and utility. The first time that peat was used
ns a fuel was about a century since, and as I am
nformed by one of our most aged and respectable

On the morning of the 4th of July, I again d
covered another, and my last cow, in the same sil
ation as the one I have mentioned, and upon '
amining the Cultivator, I found the disease
resemble the murrain, as described by Mr Coo
son in the Cultivator, vol. v. No. .'). There was
very slight discharge of blood from the bowels,
gave her tar a!" directed by Mr Cookson, but it i
not produce any good efieci ; she continued to 1
gcr, and on the following morning was niu
worse, being so stiff in her joints that it
difficulty she could walk. I gave her another do
of tar, hoping it might ri'lieve her, but she died
about two hours afterwards. Upon examining '
intestines, I found her bladder to contain ahr
two quarts of blood, lier gall duct was very mu
distended, and contained a quantity of thick blac
ish matter; her horns were a little luil
may be proper to add, that we have had a disea

Very good Porter Apples from Mr Perry, South citizens, it was by the suggestion of an In.hman, , _^^-^^_^ our cattle here during the winter and spri.

Natick.

who was ditching a meadow in North Danvers, be

Fine large Peaches, and specimens of a small longing to Lieut. Putnam, of that place, and brother i ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^

ecies of the Melon called Mandrakes, beautiful- to the late Gen. Israel Putnam, one of our revolu- j |^^^^^j ^^^
ly striped and mottled with orange and yellow, .tionary patriots. T oi n

were exhibited by Col. F. Bigelow ; also, clusters The Irishman said to the Lieutenant, "and in i hbould
of the fruit of a very small Tomato, about the size I faith we burn this mud in our cou,.try,and it makes what this niseaee •V'^?'''^"'.^"" V;' fZedrak

called the hollow horn, or horn distemper. Be

that 1 lost were in fine order, havi

tcrnatcly upon clover and salt marsh.

Should you, or any of your correspondents, km

at this disease is called, you will greatly obli,

YOI- X"i. >o. It.

A N D H 0 R T I C U L T U R A L R K G I S T E R

85

Dck ol" cuttle, it appearing to lio tlio most fatal
soaso I Imvo over kno*n.

\VM. J. wKicirr.

.N'uiwmund, t'a., July, 1811.

Rkmarks. The above are well cliaracteri/.cil

1808 I'l bloody imirraiii, a disease which, as it np-
lars 111 this country, would sccin tu bo unknown
Euri>i>c, judging from the best works on cuttlo

iblixbcd there, such as Lawrence's Grazier's
uide, and YouaU on Cattle. The cause of the
jeast divs not appear to be well understood, but
rapidity wjth which it reaches a fatal terniina-
rondcrs it one of the most formidable diseases
cattle breeder can encounti-r. As is usual in
case of such diseases there are a variety of
res, and as some oflliem may be useful, we give
lliat havo been communicated to us, adding
r opinion that none of them can be relied on as
pecilic, but that the safe course will be found
prevention rather than in cure.
A correspondent of the Genesee Farmer, vol.
p. >i|, sBVs that a decoction of the green leaves
miillen may be considered a certain cure. He
k a quantity of the leaves of the nuillen, steep-
thc.ii in new milk, and gave three quarts of the
to an ox dangerously sick, which produced an
nediate cure ; and a cow attacked by murrain
B ntlerwards cured in the same way.
Tlie lion. Dan Bradly communicated the follow.
, as a remedy practiced with great success in
stern Pennsylvania: " Mix together half a pint
pirits of turpentine with a pint of sweet milk;
this compound into a bottle, and after shaking
liolilo pour it moderately down the iliroat of
animal. Soon after tliis is done, give physic."
ts would doubtless answer as physic, and some
rction might be advisable in apportioning the
e to the size or age of the animal.
»Ir Priestman recommends a half a pound of
e root washed clean, cut fine, and boiled in two
rts of water until it is reduced one half, then
1 it down while warm. The dose to be repeat-
once a day till the cure is complete.
»Ir Sheldon, of Michigan, cured an ox violently
':ked, by mixing half an ounce of copperas and
'an ounce of alum, dissolving them in hot wa-
and while warm turned it down the animal.
welve hours he was better, and a repetition of
dose cured him, though for a time weak from
great discharge of blood.
I is stated in the Franklin Farmer, that several
s yielded to two doses of sugar of one pound
I, mixed with water. Some animals in the
stages have been cured by this simple remedy.
IS we remarked before, however, we have more
fidcnce in preventives than in cures. It is the
lion of many of the most intelligent men in dis-
[s where the disease is common, that it arises
1 blood-suckers imbibed with stagnant waters,
lese animals are most frequently found on dia-
ion ; but whether the opinion be correct or not,
e can be no doubt the use of stagnant water
t be injurious to the healtli of any animal and
ispose it to disease. A farmer in Madison
s« ity, Ohio, after suffering many losses from mur-
, became convinced the cause was in the water
M' ■ drank, (bloodsuckers being abundant in it
found in cattle after death,) provided his stock
1 a supply of pure water and in five years not a
le animal had been attacked,
lext to pure water, a regular and constant sup-
of salt may be considered the best preventive

ofdisenae in cattle, Miui if a quantity of ashes or
lime is mixed with the salt, the effect will bo still
more boncficinl. For proof of thin wo refer to the
Cultivator, vol. vi. fagos 120 and H!>. In the first
case, Mr Warner found that wood ashes given in
e(inal quantities with salt, at the usual times of
salting his stock, had for 'JO years operated as an
ciTectual preventive ; and in the latter instance,
.Mr Sackell, of Michigan, had for eight years se-
cured his immcrous stock of cattle by keeping in
their troughs, so that they always had access to it,
a mi.vture of equal portions of slaked lime and salt.
Tlie lime was kept in a barrel in a dry place, air-
slaked and always fit for use. Previous to adopt-
ing tins course, ho lost many annually by iiiurfiiin
— afterwards none. To concluilo: pure wator
and plenty of salt mixed with some alkali, ashes or
lime, wo consider the best remedies or rather pre-
ventives of the murrain. — Eds. Cult.

FECUNDITY OF RATS.

The principle of increase is much more powerful,
active and efl'ectivu in the common grey rat, (mus
decumnnus, L.) than in any other animal of equal
size.

This destructive quadruped is continually under
the furor of animal love. The female carries her
young for one month only ; and sheseldom or nev-
er produces a less number than Iwtlve, but some-
times as many as eighteen at a litter: the medium
number may be taken for an average ; and the pe-
riod of gestation, though of so short continuance,
is confined to no particular season of the year.
The embraces of the male are admitted immediate-
ly after the birth of the vindictive progeny ; and it
is a fact which I have ascertained beyond any
doubt, that the female suckles her young ones al-
most to the very moment when another litter is
dropping into the world as their successors.

A celebrated Yorkshire rat-catcher, whom I
have occasionally employed, one day detected and
killed a large female rat that was in the act of
suckling twelve young ones, which had attained a
very considerable growth ; nevertheless, upon open-
iniT her swollen body he found (/iiWctK quick young,
that were within a few days of their birth! Sup-
posing, therefore, that the rat produces ten litters
in the course of a year, and that no check on their
increase should operate destructively for the space
or four years, a number not far short of Uiree mil-
lions might be produced from a single pair in that
time !

Now, the consequence of such an active and
productive principle of increase, if sufiered contin-
ually to operate without check, would soon be fa-
tally obvious. But the same Almighty Being who
perceived a necessity for their existence, has also
restricted their numbers within proper bounds, by
creating to them many powerful enemies ; and
still more effectually by establishing a propensity
in themselves, the gratification of which has con-
tinually the effect of lessening their numbers, even
more than any of their foreign enemies. The
male rat has an insatiable thirst for the blood of
his own offspring. The female, being aware of
this passion, hides her young in such secret places
as she supposes likely to escape notice or discove-
ry, till her progeny are old enough to venture forth
and stand upon their own energies ; but, notwith-
standing this precaution, the male rat frequently
discovers them, and destroys as many as he can ;
nor

protection, •inco aho lier»elf aomotiinei falls a vic-
tim to her temerity and her matornal IcndcrnesB.

UcsidoH this propensity to the destruction of
their own offspring, whei other food fails them,
rats hunt down and prey upon each other, with the
most ferocious ami desperate avidity ; insomuch,
that it not unfrequently happens, in a colony of
these destructive animals, that a hiiigle male, of
more than ordinary powers, after having overcome
and devoured all competitors, with the exception
of a few females, reigns the solo, bloody, and much
dreaded tyrant over a considerable territory, dwell-
ing by himself in some solitary hole, and never ap-
pearing abroad without spreading terror and dis-
may even amongst the females whose embraces ho
seeks.

In this relentless and bloody character may be
found one of the most powerful iind positive checks
which operate to the depression of this species
within proper bounds,-^a character wliich attaches,
in greater or less degree, to the whole mvs genus,
and in which we may readily perceive the cause
of the extirpation of the old black rats of England,
(mus rattus, L.) for the large grey rats having su-
perior bodily powers, united to the same carnivo-
rous propensities, would easily conquer and destroy
their black opponents wherever ihey could be
found, and wherever they met to dispute the title
of possession or sovereignty. — FotlurgilCs Philos.
of J^'at. History.

Compost Dressing for Mowing Ground. The
editor of the Monthly Visitor says — "In low lands
wh^'her with or without rocks, with or without
hard pan, as well upon flat elevations and side hills,
as in drained swamps, the crop of hay may be in-
creased to almost any extent by a process infinite-
ly more simple, and less expensive, and much quick-
er, than by plowing and hand labor. The meth-
od of making compost manure is the most simple
that, can be imagined ; it is done with facility on
the sides of roads, and in the cow and hog-pens,
with the refuse of chip yards, leaves from the
woods, peat and mud taken from the ditches, ashes,
sand, earth taken from the back yards and sinks,
scrapings from streets, mixtures from almost every
article that can be enumerated or imagined — all
will serve as manure for mowing lands, producing
the most valuable and lasting effects as used for
top-dressing only. These compost heaps should
he well turned and intimately mixed before they
are applied, when the spring or autumn season will
be equally suitable for their operation, taking oc-
casion to sprinkle over it a small quantity of herds
grass seed."

.Iphorisms. — The stronger the opposition, the
more noble the combat — where there is no combat
there is no victory.

As ravenous birds are the quickest sighted, 80
the worst men are the greatest fault-finders.

Jealousy is like a polished glass, held to the
lips when life is in doubt ; if there is the least
breath, it will catch the damp and show it.

Take care you never dispute to show your wit
at the expense of your judgment.

Lamps fed with lard instead of oil, have been
introduced into Rochester. The papers of that
city say they "take the shine off" any thing in the
market They give a clear light and are entirely

UVCIO LUUllI, UUU UtaUlWJiJ "O »"!*••/ »*« .»- ^»>< ) I '»• JO I'll »L "1

ia the defence of the mother any very effectual | free from smoke. It is a third cheaper than oil.

86

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. J5, 1841.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

Boston, Wednesday, Septembeb 16, 1841.

CATTLK SHOWS.

Theae rarmers' festivals — these 'ipportunities to meet
with brother farmers — these occasions for showing the
best productiiins of one's own farm and of witnessing;
the fine animnis, the skillful plowing, or the large and
fair fruits of his brother farmers — these occasions are
now close at hand, and we trust that every farmer will
give them his presence and aid. To every one wlio
would improve in his modes of husbandry, these gath-
rrings of the tillers of the earth, bringing wiih them
their beasts and the products of their fields, can and do
leach many valuable lessons.

It would b« but slight departure from fact to call our
cattle shows as efficient instruments fur awakening an
interest in agricultural pursuits, as any means that are
in operation. Here something ran always be seen that
will arrest alteniion — that will furnish some useful sug-
gestion or hint. Hero animals, and fine specimens of
animals, of different breeds may be compared with each
other. Here one can learn whether he probably has as
good a i>reed of swine, sheep or cattle as the county or
Slate contains. The fruits and vegetables exhibited
will bring to his notice some valuable kind which is not
on his own premises. Here inquiries can be made of
the Buccessful growers of crops as to their modes of
treatment and other particulars upon which information
is desirable. It is an occasion for giving and imparting
infoimalion that may be highly serviceable in extend-
ing the fruiis of experience from one farmer to another

VVe hope that these meetings will continue their hold
upon public favor, and that all wh" ran cnitributo In
their interest and usefulness will cheerfully lend their
aid.

THE PROPER ARTICLES FOR EXHIBITION
AT CATTLE SHOWS.

Is there reasun for supposing that penpio are accus-
tomed In exhibit at these fairs the iar^tiJ squash, pump-
kin, or rula baga — the largest calf.— the largest steers,
and every thing the largest of its kind .' Is size the
principal thing regarded ? And do the members of c(jm-
mitlecs make size the criterion of merit.' Such ques-
tions should find no place in our columns if ive did not
suppose they must in too many instances ba answeted
in the afTirmativo. Now what wo wish to see is the
best, nol tb« largest merely. And it often happens — it
ordinarily happens — ihat the very large calf is a coarse
made animal, unfit for a breeder. There are exccp-
lions to this remark, and yet it is true as a general state-
ment. Alio, many members of committees regard form
and firmness of make, in fixing upon their awards. Still
we never attended a show where we could feel satisfied
that size was not too much regarded. If in our judg-
ment wo are correct, the influence of cattle shows tends
in some degree at least to the introduction of a large
and raw-boned breed of cattle, which nn well-wisher to
the forming interest would ever desire to encourage. —
Other things being equal, we should prefer, as a matter
of profit, to be th« owner of a cow or bull that was but
little above the medium size, rather than of one extraor-
dinarily large.

Firmness of bone, symmetry of form, apparent thrift
and hardiness of constitution — these ore the important
points. And in relation to young animals, intended to
be kept as breeders, we should regard it as highly im-

portant to know something of the pedigree, so that we ]
might guess whether the gnod points were merely acci- j
denial or whether they were fixed in the blood, and
would be likely lo reappear in the offspring. A very
finely formed bull, which happens to come from coarse
parents, will in but very few instances produce his like, i
and for this reasim We should make the parentage a
matter of importance. Not that we should be anxious '
to encourage in this region of short pasturage, the gene- !
ral introduction of *■ Herd Book" animals — hut we
should like to know ihat the parents fur two or three '
generations back had been well formed and profitable
in our climate, and upon such feed as is usual here. i

When we come to fruits and vegetables, the matter is I
still worse. If a squash, from some mysterious and un- 1
conjectured cause, h:ippens to become a mammoth, or to
bo curiously distorted in form, that is the one that must
be carried to the show, while the cartloads that are fine-
ly formed, of good quality, and the causes of whose ex-
cellence can be explained and reapplied by the producer ]
and by others — these are left at home. So it is, losome
extent, in relation to many other vegetables and to
fruits.

Now what we wish to see is, a fair specimen of a good
crop, and accompanying that we desire a statement of
the mode of culture, so that we may obtain instruction i
that will be of service to us in our own agricultural or i
horticultural operations in future years. The mam-
moths, the dwarfs, the deformed, which nature has
made in sport, and which cannot be produced again by
any particular proce«se9 of cultivalion — these things
are mere curiosities, and convey no useful information.
The fairest, finest and best specimens (not in all cases
the largest,) are the proper ones to be exhibited on these
occasions.

If the foregoing remarks contain any good advice, we
bestow it must freely upon our brother farmers, and
trust llial they will use it freely and fully.

I'LOWS— TRIALS OF THEM

In the list of premiums offered by the New York Slate
Agricultural Society, will bo found one upon plows. —
The Essex Co. Agricultural Society has olfered one up-
on the same article. The attention which is now paid
to this important implement will not be besiowed in
vain. The improvements in its structure within the
last few years, give grounds for supposing that further
improvements may be discovered. No other premium
offered by any Society will probably be so serviceable
as this.

But it is no easy matter to make a full and satisfacto-
ry trial of this implement; and yet if ihis be not done,
Iherc is danger ihat public opinion may be misled.

A mere inspection of the work accomplished by a
plow, gives some indication of its fitness for use. Where
it cleans out the furrow well from sidn to side on iho
bottom, and whore it lays the invoried sward as one
would like to see it, there two points arc at a glance de-
lermincd. A practiced hand will also ascertain in a
very few minutes whether the plow will hold on in its
proper course in clear land, without much aid from the
plowman, or whether it will require from him the aid
of a slifi" arm, steady hand and watchful eye. — Tlie
quality of its work at difl'crcnt dcplhs and widths, any
one can determine by a fow trials. But when you
come to determine the comparative power of drafl re-
quired, there are dinicullics in the way of arriving at ii
nalisfaclory result, unless the plows upon trial are all
of one size and the furrows are all of the same depth
ond width.

Should you require plows of unequal size lo take a
furrow of one given depth and width, say 10 inches

wide and C deep, then the plow which was of ihe pro^
per size for such work would have an undue adranlagu
over the wider instrument, which not only has mon)
friction upon the bottom in consequence of its own| r,
greater width and weight, but is also obliged to shot* :,
the furrow off two or three inches farther than th'^
small plow does in making a path wide enough for iB
self tu move forward in : the furrow slice must not onl
be turned over by the large plow, but be pressed
some distance : this pressing off must require some po<
er. If therefore you apply the dynamometer and de
mine what power is actually required for the drafl
each, you have failed to do it under proper circui
stances.

Take then a different course — the one which
taken at Worcester last autumn. Let each inslrumeni
cut a furrow of the depth and width to which it is best
suited, (and this is the only position in which it c«i
fairly show the quality of its work,) and by ihe applici^
lion of the dynamometer, determine the streiigili p4
forth by the learn; then measure the depth and uuitl
of the furrow and calculate tho number of square iinhei
of earth turned over by a fiundred pounds draft, lloif
the trial is not satisfactory ; for the power required U
cut at the land-side — the power needed to carry lln cut-
ter— is as great where the furrow is but ton inehes ii
where it is twelve inches wide. Again — where ttu- (iu>
row is but five inches deep, the share, in most gruundi,
will be obliged to work through tougher grass root-' thai
if you go seven inches deep. The wider and ileepai
the furrow, the less will be tho power required lo luit
a given number of square inches. ''

In neither case then, are you free from obstacles
the way of a perfectly accurate decision. Approx
lion to accuracy is all that should be expected at preaei
excepted in cases where the plows are of Ihe same siat;
and even there a difliculty may occur, for it is seldqjl
that the sward upon a field is of uniform toughneES^- ,
the grass roots will be thicker and firmer in some spall |
than in others, and consequently may render Ihe pon||
required in one spot much greater than in other placM

This article we have written fur our private con»*
nience, ns a circular to those gentlemen who are asso-
ciated with us on the committee in Essex couniy lo tij
plows. VN e wish them to come lu the trial wilU niindl
made up ;is to the moilo of proceeding. — But though it
answeis a private purpose, it is no secret, and rniy be M
instructivi* tu the readers of the Farmer as any ihmL,' vie
can furiiisii.

f
aef;

THE MECHANICS' FAIR
To be lu Id in duincy Hall, Boston, cummii.r . i
the :.'Oth insiant. On Saturday last we saw < , >r.i^
down the street, what was imagined lo be the skcUiim if
the sea serpent — but closer inspection showed it tu bell
wood — but wood in such form and position as it tcldoc
gets into. Imagine a tube CO or 70 feet long, and |
feet in diameter; — but slop — it Is only (Ae ribs of a tJk
of that size, held together by a few narrow slrips if
boards wound round it in directions of the strip*
a barber's sign that we mean, — imagine this — and wj
you have imagined it, you will liave the best idea
can give you of what is to be used as a bridge frum FaJ
euil Hall to Cluincy Hall. Come to the Fair, ami yM
may have the pleasure of walking through Ihe.-c niu—
and should you chance to fancy that the sea serpent liW
swallowed you, we will guarantee that the whim sliili
leave you in less time than iho length of Jonnli ^ \tt
prisonment in the sea monster

THE CATTLE SHOW OF THE ES.SE.\ COL NTI
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
Will be held al Georgetown, on Wednesday, the
instant. Remember it, and be on the spot.

i

NTI

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U K A I. R E (J I S 1^ E R

87

M.\<S. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Tlia following ilia coriocl«(l lim ufllic " t>prcial Con

lioit'l'K ri.'i'cic Al. i':\iiiiiiTi<t\

Till' Anmai i:kiHiiiri(>», III' iliii AI.iH
•uliii liorticiilturiil r^iti ii'iy, uill tnki' pi
("I'l

a:i TroiiK

K.iw,

iltoe (o Hccorslo (ho lUII iind in lake rhargc or the ^ .„. , ... . ,„ ,...„, ^„,,,„,„,„. „„. ^ ,, y • o,iy.<:r„,r .,,,;„r ,-„rrr,, a ,cry

ruin and Flnwen" exhibited at llie rnauins; Annual Savinirii Bnnk) on ll'rdnejday, Thursdau and Friduu, "i' "f 'li'"> inacliim-w n liutlicl of niioli

, tklJ .!« I I .11.1. . i' k<^. . -^ <" * ri vnrv «lw.r I ■....„:...!.„ I .... . i t ' '^

l<- till-

AI'IM.K PAKICIItt.

Ju.l received al il,. .Ni w V.„t\„„A AKncullural Waio-
s!'.""r , "v. ' ""•' *'. •^""'' ''^'■''"•' f^l'i-el, a Biiud .uppir of
.Sl.,ntcy . Supcrwr A,.,,lr /■•iirrr,, a Tcry u«ful arlici- Wilh

ihibilion of llie .Mastarliusetla Horticullural ^ocinly
Samuel Wnlk.r, Win. Oliver, B. V. French, \. V.
roatreiior, M. V Wildo , C. M. Ilovov, J. Sliokn.-v,
, M. Rirh.irda, il). Ilaggerdiin, S. K. Johnson, J. L.
, r. Warren, J. \V. Russell, A Howdilch and A. Story.

Atlo.l, K. M. RICIIARnS,

Sept. II. IS^l. Rfc See'ry.

rHKRMO.MKTKI(-AI..
i:..i>..rlcJ li.rllir Ni-iv Kiiflnml tnrniri.
-of tin- rhorinomeierni ilie (larHeiiof the proprietor)
I.e New Kii{(IhiiiI Kariner, Brighion, Mnss. in a sbndeil
ihci'ly cxpoMire, week ending :5cpl. 12.

Sept. IS4L I S.A.M. I 12,M. I 7,I'..M. I Wind.

ndiv, 6 I 60 I 64 I 61 IN.

S E.
S. W.
S. E.
N. K.
S. E.
Iiv. 12 I 60 72 I 67 I N. E

lUCII lO.N .MARKKT.— .MoNDAT, Sept. 13, 1841.

ItriH.rlril fur the New £neland Fanner.
\i .Mr.rkel450 Beef Cattle, .520 Stores, 3,200 Sheep
' ~'i5 Swiue.

nic ts.— flee/ Cattle —The supply of Beef Cattle w.is
rt, and higher prices were obtained. We quoie fiifl
lilv, $5 Tf) a a 25. Second quality, $5 00 a 5 50. —
ird''qu.ility $3 50 a 4 50

torts.— Two year old $8 a 13. Three year old, f 14 ""* >!' "'"'h reduced prices

I Orders, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Flusbins;, will re-

Aeep.— Lois were taken at $1 12, $1 23, $1 37,$1 62,
in §2 12, and $2 25.

jri/ie. —One entire lot 3 1-4 and 4 1-4. Lots to ped-
} 1-4 to 3 1-2 for sows and 4 1-4 and 4 1-2 for barrows. I
elail, 4 to 5 1-2.

22d. 2:id and 24lli of Sept

Choice and rnro >puciinenB of rruila and Flowera are I
re«pectfully aoliriled from llie nicinliefa of the .Ma»sa- '
chusellii lloilicultural tSocii'ty, and from the lovem of]
Ilorticulture gnnemlly. Conimitlees will be in attend- |
anco to receive rontribulions on Monday and 1\iet<Liy, I
20lh and 21»l of Septuiiiber, and the speriiiienssuiil will
be reliiined, subject to the order ol llie owner.

A list, giving the names of the specimens of Kruits and
Flowers iiresenled is respectfully requested.

I'er order ot Ihu Cominiltee of Airangeiiienls.

S. WALKLR, Chairman.

Boston, Sept. 7tli, 1841.

a very »l.ort time ii, il„. I,c,l po..il,|,. ,„„„„,.,, „„,, ^„f,
--.inK o( [he apple, a. the .,ul,i,l,-. „,„)■ |,o ,„],,.„ „ffj

may Ik! pared in
;ai

reouircd thickness. TheaLoTo i, al»o lor sale at N I'H
DKs*. CO., and I10SMER& TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. I

JOSKPM BRKCK II CO.

60

64

61

60

71

60

65

70

60

48

73

61 1

53

74

64 1

60

rj

68 1

60

72

67 1

HOUTICtl,TllR,Vl, UINNKK.

The Mas>nihusoiis lloriicultiiral .■society propose cele-
brating ihcir eiisiiiiiu' Aiiiiiver.sary, liy a I'ulilic Dinner al
Concert Hall, on Friil.ny the 24th insl.

Tickets, (Arce dollars, may be had al the N. E Farmer
Office, No. 52 North .>larket Street, or at Messrs. Huwy iV.
Go's. Seed Sture, No. 7 Merchants' Row, any lime previous
to Monday, 2uih insl. Sept. 8.

L'BTANCLIAIS

Farmeri in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find il greatly to their advantage to try the St. George Go's.
L'Elang Lime, said to he superior for thai purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVIL) DAVIS,
over the Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston.

Sepl. S. 3in

SVS UIALN.

Just received a fovv of .Sheldon & Moire's, Sun Dial. .
very neat and useful nrliclo for the purpose of gtyine the lime

J. URECK «• CO., No SI and 62 North Market St.
Sept I.

Gil: EN'S PATENT S rn A \V CUTrKR.

PRIKCE'S NURSERIES AND GARDENS.

The New Catalogues are now ready for dis-
Inliution gratis lo all who apply, pos< ;)(iid, per
mail. They comprise an immense assurlmcnt
of Fruits and Ornameiilal Trees. Shrnlil.erv,
and Plants, Bull.ous Flower Roots, and Dahlia's,
Green House Plants, Garden Seeds, &c., all of which are

ive prompt attenlion.

■WILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEGETABLE
CVTTER.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected aUh great care, weekly
;EDS. Herds Grass, very little in market. Red Top,
J5 cents. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Southern, 10 c.
Seed, «1. 37 lo 1 50 hu. Luocrne,25 c. per Ih.
^OUR. Howard Street 87 00— Genesee S7 23— Ohio

?..\1N. Corn — Northern Yellow noae — Round Yel-

Bl— Southern Flat Yellow 80— White 30. — Rye-
hern 70 10 "2— Southern none. Oals— Southern 43 to
Northern 50 lo 34.
lOVISIO.NS. Beef— Mess 810 25 to 10 50— Prime

— \o. I S9 00. Pork— Extra— 13 50— Clear 12 50—
iiJ 00. Hams— Northern 9 c. per Ih— Southern,

j. Lard— Boston" In S c p.;r Ih — Southern, 6 to 7.

r— Lump 19 In 22- Firkin 12 lo IS— Shipping S to 14.
\Y. per ton. Sl3 to20-Eastern Screwed 614 to 16.
^t.ESE— Old II c— New8.
iGS, 14 a 16.

OOL— The market for this article has not experienced
■haiigc of late. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and ihere
la limited supply of low Fleeces and of fine Fleeces the
also moderate. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed,
) lo 5.1 c. — American full Mood, washed, 47 lo 50 — Do
lend, washed, 44 lo 46- Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 36 to

■ 4 and common do, 35 lo 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,

2i— Do. unwashed, 10 lo 14 — Bengasi Sheep, 8 to 10

OS Ayres unpicked, 7 to 10— Superfine Northern pulled

43 to 46 — No. I do. do. 37 to 42— No 2 do do 26 to 30

3 do do 18 to 20.

GRINDSTONES.

extensive assortment of Water and Hand nrindstores
aoily on hand and for salehyAMMIG. LOMBAKII
). 13 Lewis's Wharf isly. Nov. 17.

GOOD CULTIVATORS AT $3 30.

od Cullivators for sale at the New Ensland Agricultu-
Warehouse, Nos. 51 & 52 North .Market Sireii, Price
JOS. BRECK d. CO.

JOSEPH BRECK & (;0. nl IheNew England Agncul-
lural Warehouse and Seed St.ire Nns. 51 and 32 North Mar-
ket Street, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw. Hay and
Stalk Gutter, operating on a mechanical principle not before
apjilied to a«y implemenl for this purpose. The most prom-
inent effects of this application, and some of the consequent
peculiarities of the machine are:

1. So great a reduction of ihe quantum of power lequisae
to use it, that the strength of a half grown hoy is sufficient
to work il efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cut? two bush-
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed
by any other machine even when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening less often ihan those of any other
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liahie as the
complicated machines in general use to get out of order.

NOTICE TO HORTICULTURISTS.
Whale Oil Soap.

The subscriber has constantly on hand, and in quantities
to suit pur .'lasers, this useful article which has lately proved
itself so destructive 'o the great variety of insects w'bich in-
fest the Garden, Shrubs, Vines and Flowers.

THADDEUS PERKINS, 109 Slate street.

Boston Aug. 4th, 1841. Im

This machine surpasso..; all others Inr the purpose of cut
ting Rula Baga, Mangel VVurtzcl, and other roots The
great objection lo oth<T machines, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes It almost impossible for the cattle
to get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them intolirgeor small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenienllorlhecallleloeat. It will cut wilh ease from
one 10 two bushels of roou per ininule

For sale bv JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 aud 52 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

PATENT BRASS SYRINGE-WHALE OIL SOAP.

Willis's Patent Improved Brass Syringe for watering
plants, grape vines, small trees, desirnving the Rose Bug,
&c. This Syringe may be used on all ot'rasions when water-
ing is necessary for using a solution prepared for the pur-
pose, lo prevL-nt mildow on grape vines, and also to use the
preparation of Soap for the destruction of the Rose Bug.

This Syringe may be had of JOSEPH BRECK & CO.
Nos. 61 and 52 North .Market Street, who has for sale the
Whale Oil Soap, a sure preventative against the ravages of
the Ruse Bug and other insects. The Soap should bo 'dilu-
ted by water, at the rate of fifteen gillons of water lo two
pounds of .So.ip, and applied by the Syringe. The Soap is
in kegs containing 28 lbs., at one dollar per keg. July 14

ORIENTAL POPPY.

The best lime for planting this magnificent Perennial, is
lie present time. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Pteo-
ny Whilljeii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
Tanarica, itc, from 50 cents to St uo per root.
Fur .sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 51 ard 52

North Market Street

Sept. 1

The

BULBOUS ROOTS.

ubscrihers offers for sale a great variety of Paeonii

Lillys, Crown Imperials, and other Bulbous and fibrous
rooted plants which are most successfully planted in August.
Also, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous roots of
everv description. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Aug 11.

EDMUND T. HASTINGS *, CO.
Pure Siierm OU.

No. 101 Slate St, keep constantly for sale. Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of the beat quality and lo buru without
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

TYK UP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 600 Chains for lyc-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, inlrnduccfl by E. H. Derby, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. Jacoues, for the purpose nf securing cattle lo ihe
stall, are found ic be the safest and most convenient mode
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK (l CO., No. 52 North Market M.

88

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

SEPT. 15. 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS

V/ONDERFUL STRUCTURE OF THE
HEART.

Tlie wisdom of tlie Creator, says a distinguished
anatomist, is in nothing seen more |Tloriously than
in the heart. And how well does it perforin its
office! An anatomist who understood it-s struc-
ture, might say beforehand that it would play ; but
from the complexity of its mechanism and the deli-
cacy of many of its parts, he must be apprehensive

grave. The memory of so faithful an animal should
be immortalized with a marble monument. — R"-
Itigh Register.

LINKS.
"Honest industry has brought that mm to the
scaffold," said a wag, as he observed a carpenter
upon the staging.

Speaking of wags — what is more waggish than
a dog's tail when he is pleased ?
I Speakin" of talta—vc always like those that
cacy of many of its parts, ne rnust oe "PP----;; ^„j P^^,, :^Hogg's, for instance
that It would always be liable to derangement and '^^J.. .!° _„.« saw o.

;■,;;; ii w.,uld soon work itself out. Vet dncs this | --;- g.ueT, the other day, and in the oppo
wonderful machine go on night and day, for eighty 'Y n b . ^ 1^^^, ^

years together, at the rate of a ^^^;;^; ^°^::'\^;^i^Z^^L::. hala ring on his fin-
strokes every twer.tyfour hours, having ''t/^^^;/ ""f ^^^ „,,„ „,,3 j,,,k-the hog was sober.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH

Great improvements ha»e heen made the post y»" '"

form ami workmanship o( tiicse Ploughs ; the mould be

has lieen so formed as to lai/ the furrow ■Mmplelely o

t-umivs- in erery particle of grass or stubble, and ieaviTig

d well :— Mogg-9, lor instance. \grouml in the best possible manner. The length of

Speaking of hogs— we saw one of those animals n,„ui,| i.oat

stroke a great resistance to overcome ; and it con
tinues this action for this length of lime without
disorder and weariness. That it should continue
this action for this length of time without disorder,
is wonderful : that it should be capable of contmu-
ing it without weariness, is still niofe astonishing.
Rest would have been incompatible with its func-
tions. While it slept llie whole machinery must
have stopped, and the animal inevitably perish. It
was necessary that U should be made capable of
working forever, without the cessation of a mo-
ment—without the least degree of weariness. It
is 80 made ; and the power of the Creator in so
constructing it, can in nothing be exceeded but
His wisdom. — Selected.

ger. The man was drunk— the hog was sober.
" A hog is known by the company he keeps," thought
we: so thought Mr Porker— and off he went.

Speaking of going off, puts us in mind of a gun
we once owned. It went off one night and we
hav'nt seen it since. — .V. Y. Mercury.

ADVANTAGES OF SCIENCE.
Mr Holbrook, of Medford, the celebrated bell-
founder, who has put up a clock upon the Baptist
church in this town, the present week, gave us a
little incident of his life, which is worth relating,
if nothing more than to show the importance of a
knowledge of chemistry. An immense pile of cin-
ders and dross had accumulated near his foundry,
which were supposed to be nearly worthless, and
was used to fill up stone walls, &c. A foreigner
who happened to be in town, e.\amincd the pile
one day, and offered one hundred dollars for it. So
large a /price excited Mr H.'s suspicion that the
cinders might contain valuable metal, and he do.
clined selling it. The man then offered two hun-
dred dollars, which of course confirmed his opin-
ion, and after a little parley the stranger acknowU
edged that he was acquainted with a process by
which valuable metal might be extracted from the
cinders, which he offered to divulge for a small
compensation. A furnace and apparatus was con-
structed according to his direction, and when the
whole pile was run through, the mass of neglect-
ed rubbish yielded a nett profit of thirteen thousand
dollars! So much for knowing " how to do it." —
I/ynn Fruman.

SAGACITY IN A HORSE.
A young lady while crossing a river in South
Carolina, a short time since, on horseback, was, by
a blunder of the horse, accidentally thrown off in-
to the stream. She was borne do" n .some distance
by the current. When the animal recovered its
feet and found that its rider had been placed in so
perilous a situation, it immediately went in pursuit,
overtook the fair prize, caught her garments in its
teeth, and carried her triumphantly and safely lo
the shore, thus saving a life which otherwise, in
all prubobility, wo'ild hare been lost in a watery

VERY AFFECTING.
The most soul-stirring scene we have heard of
lately, took place at Detroit. The passengers had
all got aboard the steamboat, and it was about leav-
ing the wharf, when an old gentleman came on
board crying out, " My son, my son, I must see
him a moment." " Well," said the captain, " hunt
him up quick." Anon he came to a great over-
grown boy, of 18 or 19 years of age, and giving
him a single copper, he cried nut, " Here Nehemi-

ah, take this, and don't forget your daddy .'" llba-

ny Microscope.

mould board has iieen very much increased, so that
and in tne oppo- i Plough works with the greatest ease, holh with respecll
-r ^ . l,-,d a the holding and the learn. The Committee at the lale llT
The first Had a ^f p|„ughs at Woreester, say, ,., r i. m

" Should our opinion lie asked as lo which of Ihe I'loug
wc should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps sajl
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to ^
try I'rouly & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard c^ '

BEOIN WITH !Hh. HoWARU'8.''

At Ihe above mer.t;oned irial ihc Howard I l-'ugli ^
more work, witk the same psicer of team, than any oli
plowrh exhibited. No other turned more than IwenlysoJ
and°one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, whilej
Hoteard Plough turned ticentmine and one half inchtlL
the same poieer of team ! All acknowledge that Howad
Ploughs are much ihe strongest and most substanlii
made. , -u. .J

There has been quite an improvement made on me »q
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed witM
having m furnish a new landsidc; this shoe likewise seed
llic mould board and landsidc logolher, and strengthens I
Plough very much. I

The price of the Ploughs is from 80 lo 8u. A PloiJ
sufficient for breaking up with four catllc, will cost aW
SIO 50 and with cutter Si, wilh wheel and culler, sui

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and rclail,$
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed bli<» 1

Nos*. 31 & 32 North Market Street, by '

'^^ JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

GKINDSTOXES, ON FRICTION ROLLERS.

Grindstones of different sizes hun^ on friclion rollers and
moved with a foot trcader, is found to be a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act of grinding, c.m
"overn the stone more lo his mind by having the eomplele
control of his work. Stones hung in this manner are be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satislaction. The rollers can be attached lo stones hun
in Ihe common way.

For sale hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. Gl and 52
North Market Boston. •>"!? '■>

AURICULTUKAI- IMPLEMENTS, &c.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 32 North Market street,
would inform their customers and the public generally that
ihcy have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agn-
cultuial and norlicultuml Tools to be found in the United
States. Pari of which arc the following :

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains s
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BKi
CO., No. 62 North Market si. " \"

i

niabl *

Ki

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs.
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
100 Greene's Straw Cutters,
60 Willis' do. do.
lOU Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellcrs.
50 Common do do.
2u0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
CO " Vegetable Cutters
60 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Crailles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1600 Doz- Scythe Stones.
3000 " Austin's Kifles.
March 17.

100 do2. Cast Steel Shovels.

Common do.

Spades.

Grass Scythes.

nlenl Suailhs.

Common do.

Hay Rakes.

Garden do.

Manure Forks.

Hay do,
600 Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.
600 Tic up do.
50 doz. Hnllcr do.
1 000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on rollere.

Just received at the New England Agricullur.l Wb
house. No. 61 and 62, North Market St., u' few sets ■.! Ijt
tometers, for testing the quality of iiilk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

NEW TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sale at the New Englnn.l
- — 1 ,^ — I o. — v.,., gl ||„{| 5-2 ^",

\sntt

tural Warehouse and Seed Store, N
kct street,

500 lbs. TURNIP SEED, of ihe crowih of 1 - il .
July 14. JOS. BRECK & Ctt

DRAFT AHD TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromandn,
■100 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.
.No. 62 North Market St. April21

NEW F, N G L A N U FARMER.

A WEKKI.Y PAl'KR.

The Editorial department of this paper having c«l
into the hands of Ihe subscriber, ho is now nuilinril
by ihe publishers to inform the public that tin |ino«
ihe papei is reduced. In future the terms will b*
per year in advance, or $2 50 if noi paid wilbiii thi
days. AI.LEN Pi: 1 \ \1il

N. B. — Postmasters arc required by law ti 'k

subscriptions and romitlances for nevvapapi i
expense to siibscribors.

TCTTLE AND DENNETT, FRINTEBS.

A N D H O U T I C U L T URAL REGISTER.

PUllHSHKD BY JOSKPH BRECK St CO., NO 52 NOUTH MARKKT STllKKT, ( AonicuLTuiiAL Wabi:mou.e.)-ALLKN PUTNAM, KDITOR.

DU XX.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1841.

[■O. 19.

N. E. FARMER.

ARED ELIOT ON FIELD IirSBANDRY.

Ill the 2il vol. of llio Massachusetts Agriciilturnl
?p>>silory, is a ropublicatioti of "Essays on Field
Lisbaiidry, wrote from a Journal of thirty years'
pcricnco" — by Rev. Dr. Jared Eliot, of Killinjr-
rtii, Cl. : published in 1747. — \Vc .-ieldoni meet
ih any lhin;j on agriculture more full of useful
Its than these essays; and, trusting that our
iders would be pleased with that which has high-
intcrpsted us, we extract very freely this week
m Mr Eliot's writings.

MEAPOW LA.NDS.

yhere are three kinds of meadow lands, viz :
ck Bwamp, boggy meadow, and smooth, even,
king meadow : this last sort is called cranberry
rsh. He that would do any thinfr to effect witli
her of these sorts, must in the first place see
ether there be deep mire ; if it be shallow, and
in come to hard sand, clay or gravel, it will not
worth while to e.xpend cost upon iL
Again, you must examine what fall there is. If
! fall be apparent to the eye, and this for ton or
een rods, you may be satisfied ; if you arc un-
"tain, try it with a water level or spirit level. If
jr marsh be small, the drain long, rocky, and
ely to I'c chvgoable, it may he best to let i'
ne ; but if it be a large swamp or meadow, al-
lugh the main drain should be a considerable
irge, that should be no discouragement.
That low ground which is thick with wood and
ish, will be the most chargeable; the hog mea-
«r the next in charge, because the bogs must be
, up with a bog plow or with a hoe — either way
;hargeable. The shaking meadow has the best
face and is easiest to bring to mowing.
Last August was twelvemonth, I began to drain
ond that lies but a mile from my house ; it was
a natural pond, but made so upon design. Our
ord informs tjiat it was granted to a man to pre-
it tlie ininng of cattle ; the owner of it laid it
Jer water about eighty years ago. It was over
iwn with pond lilies: it was thought by most
I to drain it was impracticable. Some said that
vas as unlikely as to drain the ocean. At the
let there seemed to be little or no fall ; but
ing it with a level, my son and I found that in
ty rods there was fall sufficient. We tlierc-
e sot about draining it, and have succeeded so
that it bids fair to make a good piece of land,
ad been under water so long, and was so full
pond lilly roots, that when the water was drawn
and the lilly roots dried and shrunk up, it grew
JO puffy, and did not for this reason do so well
we expected. The grass seed did not come up
11, nor stand so well as in land that has lain
;n to the heat of the sun. The whole pond was
)ut twenty acres, and the soil is eight or ten feet
;p ; there are in it many large springs, which
fifteen feet deep.
= I began last March to drain another meadow of
ty acres, up in Guilford woods ; this was a
king meadow; a man standing upon it might

shako the ground scvcrai rods round liini. It seem-
ed to bo only a strong sward of grass roots laid
over a soft mud of the consistence of pancake-bat-
ter ; there was not abundance of bushes in it, but
abundance of cranberry vines, and a great burthen
of poor wild grass. The mcailow was deemed so
poor that none would take it up. I was pitied as
being about to waste a great deal of money , but
they comforted themselves that if 1 spent it unpro-
fitably, others that stood in need of it would get
it. Thoy are now of iinnthcr opinion.

At the only outlot of this meadow, there was
fall sufficient, but very rocky; we must dig four
or live deep to get the advantage of it.

In March, when I wont up to m:ike the outlet
driiin. there was such a torrent of water that we
could do nothing. I ordered, thcrefbro, a tree to
be cut down across the brook, and prepared flitches
instead of plank, which we set aslant, the upper
enil resting upon the staddle thai was fallen across
the brook, laid them as close as we could, and
stopped the chinks and large chasms with top tow,
by which means we shut the water into the mead-
ow, then wrought at the trench or main drain in
the day, and let it out at night, till it was in a good
measure accomplished. When I ordered the top
tow to be carried, the men wondered what it was
designed for, but when they saw how useful it was
in making a cheap dam, they were pleased with it.
I put them in mind of the Dutch proverb, which
says of tilings that are very mean, that something
is always ^ood for something.

When the weather grew sufficiently warm and
the meadow a little settled, wo began to ditch. I
cut a ditch on each side and one in the middle.
,\s far as we went it soon rendered the meadow
firm and dry. I then proceeded to sow grass seed,
such as red clover, foul meadow grass, English
spear grass, and herd grass. Of all the sorts of
grass seed I sowed, none seemed to lake hold and
come up so well as red clover; this 1 found to be
the boldest and most hardy grass.

Where the sward was strong, although the clo-
ver came up well, yet what with the toughness of
the ground and the overtopping growth of the wild
natural grass, the clover made but slow progress
till the fall of the year, and then it mcnilcd con-
siderably. But whore there happened to be no
sward to hinder it, the clovor grew up to the height
of mid thigh, went to seed, and ripened.

Of the other sorts of grass came up but poorly ;
the land, I suppose was too new and too tough for it.

Some time in September, 1 plowed up a piece of
it where I had not sowed any grass seed ; it plow-
ed very tough, and the cattle inired some, but we
kept them upon the grass as well as we could ; af-
ter all we loft many baulks. About a month after
I set some men to hoe up the baulks, and was
agreeably surprised to find how easy it hoed up.
I find the meadow rotted and mellowed more in
one month in the fall than it had done in the whole
summer. The same I found by the ditch banks.
If i had omitted my plowing till a month later, it
had been done with much more ease to man and
beast

111 July I sowed a little piece of turnips: thoy
came up but never grew till the ground began to
rot in the fall of the year, then grew well in the
short time they had left. I expected they would
have been rank, but they were good and sweet.

Some are deterred from such nn undertaking as
that of draining their land, by reason of the great
charge. They terrify thoiiisclves without reason.
When I was about to cut my main drain, some
thought it impossible, but at best it would cost an
hundred pounds. It was a had place of rocks ;
some I dug up, some wo broke up w,th steel wa.
ges, and some we blew up with powder; but after
all it did not cost more than twenty pounds. As
to the great charge of ditching, they do not con-
sider that the outside ditches serve for fence, as
well as to cut off the springs and drain the mead-
ow, and it is as cheap fence as any we can make ;
so that there is none but the middle or intermcdi-
ate ditches, that are properly to be considered as a
charge in draining.

Some may think this long history of two pieces
of meadow, this tedious detail of so many minute
particulars to be needless, trifling and impertinent.
I have been ptirticular in describing the main or
outlet drain of each meadow, that it may be seen
that the difficult,; of rocks is not insuperable, nor
the charge of a long drain intolerable.

I mention the cheap moveable dam which may
be made in a few hours, that if they should be in-
ciiuibered with water to hinder their work, there is
a remedy at hand.

I informed you of the growth of one of the
meadows that it was moss and pond lillies, which
will soon die when the water is gone; the moss
creates the most trouble, but will burn when it is
a dry season.

I gave an account of the depth of the soil, be-
cause I was, when I began, uncertain whether by
ditches three feet wide and two and a half deep,
(such as mine are) would be sufficient to fix the
shaking meadow, and render the deep mire firm
anil dry enough for grass and tillage. I think
there is reason to believe that the shaking mead-
ows have been formerly beaver ponds.

I described the extoiit and bigness of each mead-
ow, because I wa-i uncertain whether the ditches
would drain well when they were very long.

Some of mine are an hundred and fifty rods long,
and must be yet much longer ; yet as fur as we
have gone, they draw well. In order to have
them draw well and run free, it is absolutely need-
ful, and a main point, to have your outlet drain
deep, so that the water run briskly.

If the ditches draw well, there is another advan-
tage ; in the spring, when there is much water, by
stopping one ditch, you may shift the water into
another, to cleanse it, and so to a third. Hereby
you will save the charge of the yearly scouring of
them with the shovel, which is a good saving. I
find by experience I have that advantage.

1 have insisted the longer upon this article, it
being an aSair of importance. If it should answer
our expectation, it will put us into the improvement
' of land of which as yet we have had no benefit ;

QQ NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

«ay, it has been rather hurtful. It opens to" us a I Swamps that are full of wood and brush, and
new scene, and t.me .nay pcssibly discover it to bo covered wth moes, .f they arc deep .o,l and can
the easiest of tillage, the richest and best land. be well drained, cleared and d,tche ■•

Ily the workings of my own mind I judge ofoth- good land for corn and grass

SKPT, »». lH4t'«

ill make

ers -, however, if I have been mistaken, and that
which is uncertain to me, is clear and easy to otli-
ers, and so have been longer upon this particular
than is needful or useful, I be^' pardon of the reader.

FATTENINQ SWINE.

1 find by experience the best time to fatten
gwine is to begin at the first of August, if you
have old corn. Hogs will fat slowly in very cold
weather: they will eat much and fatten but little :
if you make a very warm house, they heat in bed
and catch cold when they come out into the cold
air.

To save corn, steep it in water or swill till the
corn grow very soft: this opens the parts: give
them the corn to eat and the water to drink in
which the corn has been steeped : the hard dry
corn, a great deal of it, passeth through them undi-
gested ; this is tlie hardest part of the corn and
that which principally makes the fiour. There is
a tradition that if you feed one hog with corn, the
dung of the first hog will fat another hog, and his
dung a third. Although I believe the story to be
fabulous, yet it serves to shew that the sense of
mankind is, that in the manner we Iced swine, there
is a great deal of loss.

I took the hint of steeping corn, from the advan-
tage I once found by some corn I bought that had
been shipwrecked, and lain in the water till it was
grown soft.

Such is the diflerence in corn and in swine, that
it is impossible to fix it absolutely and know cer-
tainly how nuic.li there is saved by this method. It
is better than grinding, besides what we save in
the toll and the time and charge of the carriage ;
for it ia fiiund by experience, that even bran when
steeped in water a long time, ia much the better.

I asked an honest, judicious neighbor of mine,
who had leisure to try this method of steeping corn
longer and with more exactness than I had done,
how much he thought was saved by it? He said,
at least one bushel in seven — he believed more.

Since the foregoing was written, a person of
good credit informed me that there being in his
neighborhogd a dealer in horses, wlio was famous
for skill in making horses fat in ii short time; he
desired the jockey to tell him how he did it: the
secret was to mix Indian corn and oats together
and .soak it in water till it w.is snft; that in cold
weather ho steeped it in a cellar, that it might be
kept from freezing.

My informant told me, he had made trial of it
and found it did well, giving it to his horse in the
same proportion as he was wont to do of dry [iro-
vender.

ITEMS.

I was told by an experienced farmer, that if you
girdle trees or cut brush in the months of May,
June, and July, in the old of the moon, that day
the sign removes out of the foot into the head, es-
pecially if the day be cloudy, it will kill almost all
before it : they will bleed, lie said, more freely in
a cloudy day, for the hot sun dries up the sap. I
have never tried it. if this couhl be certainly
found out, it would expedite the cleaning land and
save a great deal of labor. ISut experience is au-
thority to whom we arc to submit : I am not for-
ward to believe, without trial.

Elder bushes are stubborn and hard to subdue,
yet I know by experience that mowing them five
times in a year will kill them. >

It might serve to increase useful knowledge, if
something of this nature were published every year,
giving a faithful account of the success of all the |
experiments and trials that may be made on vari- ,
ous sorts of lands, and of divers sorts of grain,
roots, grass and fruits, not only such as we have in
use, but also what we have not as yet introduced
among us.

There are few men of business, ingenuity and
observation, but what have found out things valua-
ble and useful, but for want of some proper method
to communicate them, they die with the discove-
ries, and are lost to mankind.

Therefore, whoever has made any observations
or discoveries, although it be but a hint, and looks
like a. small matter, yet if pursued and improved,
may be of public service.

A discovery ot the nature and property of things
and applying them to useful purposes, is true phi-
losophy. A great deal of what has passed in the
world for learning, is philosophy falsely so called.
A certain person among the Greeks, being a
candidate for some office in the state, it was ob-
jected against him that he was no scholar. True,
saitli he, according to your notion of learning, I
am not ; but I know how to make a poor city rich,
and a small city great.

The world was a long time amused with the
learning of .\ristotle and the Arabians, spun out of
their own brains, and not founded in truth ; yet
among all this trumpery .there were two pieces of
useful knowledge for which we are indebted to
them ; one was the knowledge of the nine figures,
so useful in arithmetic; the other was the first ru-
diments of algebra, now grown up to a great height.
Experimental philosophy being founded in nature
ami truth, is obtained no way but by time and dili-
gence: the knowledge of things useful ia gained
by little and little.

We are not to admire or despise things merely
because they are new ; but value things or disre-
gard them just so far as they are found (by expe-
rience, that faitliful instructer) to be useful or un-
profitable.

UOM.IMG LA.ND, &C.

Our first planters were wont to roll their barley,
as they do at present in England, with a largo wood-
en roller drav n by a horse, wliicli is of service to
break all the clods and fasten the loose carlh about
the roots, and prevent the progress of worms. I
remember 1 heard an old man say, that when a boy
his father left him to roll a piece of barley — he
was idle, and left a part of tlie land not rolled,
thinking it would not bo known: hi? father found
it out by iho dift'ercnce of tlic crop at harvest, and
silid upon It, you was an idle jack, and did not roll
this part of the field.

This brings to my mind what a man once told
me ; tliat having sutl'ered much in his young apple
trees, by the mice eating off tho bark under the
snow, both in his nursery and orchard planted out,
to prevent the like evil for the future, he used to
tread down the snow hard about his trees, and it
was effectual.

Ins

For the N. E. Farmer.

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.,
iMr Editor — The practice of sending delegate
among kindred associations, is every way commei
dable, and calculated to accomplish much good,
supports mutual dignity and respect — promote
cordial feelings, animates the desponding, atrengtl
ens feeble hands, and accomplishes, on a more ei
tended scale, the objects of the local association
Mr Solon Robinson and others have strongl
recommended a National Society for the Promotio
of Agriculture. One of the articles of tho const
tution should make every county agricultural soc
ety of the wliole country a constituent part, a pa;
ing member, having one or more votes by delegi
tion.

I would suggest that the societies of New Enj
land and also those of other sections of the cou;
try, send, this fall, delegati'S to each other at the
Fairs; and also to the American Institute of tl
city of New York, at the I'air commencing the 11
of October next — requiring their delegates to ci
lect as much information as possible, and tn nial
regular reports to their respective societies.

I would also silggest to Mr Robinson and "th
friends of the grc3t leading interest of the
the jiropriety of constituting the .^meriot
tute of New York the national society he contei
plates. It has obtained permanency of organiz
tion — lias been, every successive year, acquirii
nationality, by its increasing usefulness and exten
ed operations, and has gained the confidence ai
respect of every unprejudiced and patriotic .Aioei
can. The objects of the Institute are those of t
whole Union — as much so as those of any associ
tiiui can be. The principles on which it has ev
been conducted have been liberal and .Americi
Agriciillnre, at the first organization of the Iiif
tute, was ostensibly the leading object; and
late years it has become more so in practice, a
will continue to command increasing attentii
The Legislature of New York has appropriated
the Institute a considerable annual sum for the (
courageiiient of agriculture. This, in addition
the resources of the Institute and other ineasui
in contemplation, will give to agriculture the proi
iiency it deserves. Among these measures is i
speedy commencemeiit of a cheap monthly perio
cal entitled the Vniled Stales Farmer and Joun
of the jlniericiin Itxs'.itulc.

All that would be required, for Mr Robinson

realize his fondest anticipations, would be, for I

Institute to have a stated national meeting at Wai

ington during the regular sessions of Congress.

"Westclutter Co., A". 1'., Sept. 1641. S. F.

CROPS IN ENGLAND.

The Mark-lane Express, of Aug. 30th, stai
that reaction has every where taken place in t
pricesof grain and tiour. The best brands of
S. (lour were selling at Liverpool for 'Ms. per b

:3 shillings less than a few days before. T

later wheat in the norlliern counties was likely
come in well.

CATTLE SHOWS.

In Essex and Plymouth on Wednesday, 2J
inst.

In Middlesex, Hampden, Ilanipshire and Frat
lin, on OcU Gth.

In Bristol, October 13th.

vs. Stt. 14.

A N D II 0 irr I C U L T U R A I. R E G I S T E R .

91

ii.N.M, iSOLllOTV DT AtiKlcn.TI'KK.
■tss lo tht t'ritmh of the Mtasure Ifirough-

oul Ihe I'niled Stutes. I

ll.-i\ jiip arrivoj in \Viisliinj;l(in City, upon iiiv j
posed tour of »bscrvalion, niul li.aviiijr fnuiid by
lotial interview nml extensive correspondence, |
alniiial unbounded desire lunon^tlic Agricullur-

'I'lic Cliairinan announced the names uf tlio ful-
lowiiig gentleman us the Connnittcc :

lion. Henry L. Kll.-<wortli, District of Columbia ;
lion. Jniiies M. Oiirnelt, Vir|;inia ; Hon. Cliilt(m
.Mien, Kentuci<y ; Hon. Oliver H. ijiiiitli, Indiana ;
Hun. Tliomat* S. Hind, Illinois: Hon. I<ewi.t K.
I. inn, Missouri ; Hon. Francis H. (Jordon, Tcn-
, , , ».■>,,• , ,, i nesse ; M. W. Pliilliiis, Esii., Mississippi ; Hon.

of tlie country tnot a Notiona Society should i ri hi .i i u w ^.^ ... .

, , , , ■ , , , ,, ni.xion H. Lewis, .Mabnina ; Hon. y\lex. Moutmi,

fiirnicd at «n early day, it «a8 concluded lo call r u wr ^ v \, \ \ ii .

. , , ,. -.. ' , - , , LoiiismiiQ; Hon. Will. b. tultoii, Arkniisas ; Hon.

.'w ol tlic Icadin? tnonds of the cause togellier , . <> n i , i ,• i w vt ...

, * " Augustus C Dodjfe, loiva ; (lov. Jninca 1). Uoty,

consultation. . ,, Wisconsin ; Hon. William \Voaubrid(.'e, Michigan ;

\!:recnb y to notice eiven on thcmornm'' of the ■,- «, ,,. « ,-.1 ,,. i> l- p u

r •' '', , ■,...., >> III. ISull, Esq., Ohio ; W m. I'. Kinza, Esq., Penn-

iiist. a very rc«pcctablo niectinjf of ;fn/ /rienrfi, , , . l' i i n *i p v~ i .»„...

, ,. , ^ , '^ -^ ifvlvnnia; Ldniund I). Morriss, bs(|.. New Jersey ;

I ho d in the atternoon in the preat entrance i', , ,,, „,, ,. , ,, , .

. , ,, _ . ■ , , I >r James W. I hompson, Delawnre : Hon. John

ol the I'atont office : every laciity for that 1 q o, m i i h i- i i r> i

. I r 11 tr I I 1 Skinner, .Maryland; Hon. l>,(iniiind Ueberry,

Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, Commissioner of
ents, of whom the country can truly boast a
t decided friend of agricultural improvement.

'he following are uiinnles of die proceedings.
The meeting was called to order by the Hon.
Ellsworth, who stated to the assemblage that
in Robinson, Esq., of Indiana, was then present
nd that as Mr Robinson was looked upon as the
inal projector of the niea.«iire upon which those
ent had met to consult, he moved that the meet-
be organized by calling Mr Robinson to the
r. The motion being seconded by Mr Callan,
put by Mr Ellsworth, and carried by acclama-
Whereupon Mr Robinson took the chair, and
• otTering his thanks to the meeting for the
ir conferred upon a stranger in the city of
diington, at the solicitation of several gentle-
present, .Mr Robiuson before taking his seat,
ly stated the object of the present meeting to
mere primary one, for the purpose of consiilt-
ogether upon the expediency of calling a meet-
)f ALL favorable to the object of organizing a
onal Society of Agriculture, and should those
here present deem it e.xpedient, to fix upon a
and adopt some preparatory steps towards
.ng a constitution. Whereupon J. F. Callan,
lohn A. Smith, Esq'rs. were appointed Secre-
i of this meeting.

•e following Resolution was submitted by Mr
orth, and after several gentlemen had expres-
heir views very freely, it was unanimously
solved, That the interest of Agriculture im-
usly require the co-operation of its friends
liout the Union, to concentrate their efforts
e formation of a National Society, for the pro-
n of National Industry, and " to elevate the
cttr and standing of the cultivators of , 'liner-
oil."

motion of the Hon. A. O. Dayton, it was
solved, That [blank] be a Committee to pre-
draft of a Constitution for a National Socie-

N'ortli Carolina; Hon. Francis W. Pickens, South
C.'irolina ; Hon. Win. C. Dawson, Georgia ; Gov.
(^all, Florida ; Caleb N. Dement, Esq., New York ;
Solomon W. Jewett, Esq, Vermont: Hon. Levi
Woodbury, New Haiiipshire ; Hon. Genrgu Evans,
Maine ; B. V. French, Esq., Massachusetts ; Wil-
liam C. Cliapin, Esq., Rhode Island ; Hon. Thomas
B. Osburn, Connecticut.

On motion the meeting adjourned.

SOLON ROBINSON, Chairman,

J. F. Cali.an, 1 „ , .
, . o ■ Secretaries.

John A. f-MiTH, |

yfashington City, Sept. 4th, 1841.

By this, my friends, you will see that the ball is
now fairly in motion. I hope I have been fortii
nate enough in making a selection upon the spur of
the moment, of the gentlemen named as a Com
niittee, lo secure the services of such as will act
promptly for the good of this great cause. I hope
they will interchange views with one another, and
at the day appointed fur tliu meeting to organize
the Society. I hope they will come together, and
have the satisfaction of meeting the largest body
of the real friends of agricultural improvement over
collected together.

I most earnestly hope that every individual
friend of a National .'\grioultura! Society, whom
bounteous nature has provided with the means, will
attend the lirst meeting. I hope every Agricultur-
al Society in the Union, will send special delegates
to the National Society.

I have and shall recommend that the price of
membership be fixed very low, as the great and
grand object is to enlist a great number in this
bond of brotherhood, and by concentrated etfort of
mind more than with money, to produce a happy
effect upon society.

A large meeting at the organization is highly
important, to give tone and effect to the measure,
and to encourage one another. It is probable also
that steps will tiicn be taken to found an institu-
tion where a course of scientific and agricultural

Agriculture, to be submitted to a meeting of | lectures will be delivered every winter, free toe\e.

ry farmer's sou or daughter in the United States.

Many of my friends have expressed a wish that
the first meeting might be held in the present au-
tumn. But it is tlioiioht by those with whom I
have advised here, that the time of a session of
Congress would be the most interesting. In fact,
every freeman of this country ought to have the
opportunity at least once in his life, of visiting the
Capitol of his country at such a time. There is
then enough to be seen and learned, sufficient to
repay all the trouble and expense of such a visit.

The Patent Oflicc alone is the greatest and best
niuaeum of useful curiosities in the Union.

lends of such a Society, from alt parts of the
1, to be held at the city of Washington on the
d Wednesday of the ensuing session of Con-
motion of the Hon. T. S. Smith, it was
svlred, Ttiat the chairmonfill the blank in the
Dsolution with the name of one gentleman
the District of Columbia, and one from each
and Territory,
motion of Mr Ellsworth,
iolvtd. That the name of the chairman of this
g be added to the Committee for fraiming the
itution.

The Hull of .Mnnufacluros, 27:1 feel long, wil'
be filled with ten thousand curious and wonderful
things. It IS already worthy of great intcrunt, and
before next winter will be much more so.

No doubt manufuclurers and iiivchunics will
tnko advniilage of the liiiie of the Hireling of llio
friends of a National Society of Agriculture, (o
make exhibitions thai will be sutiicieiit lo induce
great atlenlion, and from which a mass of uicful
iiiforinution will bn gathered.

I cannot but li.ok upim the first meeting of the
friends of a National Agricultural Society, as an
epoch in the history of my country that will long
be remembered.

I hope all of my correspondents to whom I have
promised information upon this subject, will take
tlii." oddress as particularly addressed lo them ; and
I hope that every paper in the United Stalca that
is friendly to that interest which is the base of all
others, will make known lo its readers what is now
doing for the promotion and organization of this
Society. I am confident that every agricultural
paper will afford the information to its readers, and
I hope in particular that every editor of such papers
will attend the first meeting.

From Washington, I shall continue my tour
through the Eastern States, and I hope to have a
personal interview with many of my agricultural
friends.

But above all things, let all remember " now is
the time" for them lo say that " something can,
something must, something shall be done," to ad-
vance the interest of agriculture in the United
States.

Be assured that I remain your earnest agricultu-
ral friend, SOLON ROBINSON.

Ifashhigtun City, Sept. C, 1841.

EXERCISE.

Games out of doors seem so wholesome and ex-
hilirating, that the old grow young, and the young
forget to grow old when practising them. Active
habits prolong tlie enjoyment of boyish spirits, long
after a man of mere clubs and newspapers has sub-
sided into liis fireside arm chair, as a fixture for
life, and every man who wishes well to himself,
should cultivate a taste for whatever energetic
amusement takes him ofi" the hearthrug. A cler-
gyman in the Highlands lately objected so strongly
to a cricket-ground being established in his parish,
that the party of gentlemen who had begun the
plan rerm(iuished it. But if more innocent recrea-
tions were encouraged lor all classes in Scotland,
there would probably be fewer vices. It is amazing
how creditably some persons get through their lives,
without any exertion of any kind, by rising late,
dosing in the evening, and lounging all day, actu-
ally doing nothing.

The very essence of health and usefulness is
found in the 'antivity with which we devote a duo
portion of time to all things that can lawfully occupy
it, not allowing relaxation to interfere with bus-
iness, and least of all, with religion, but making it
consistent with the rest which our minds require
for entering on the duties of both. — Miss Sinclair.

The poorest and humblest man that lives, has an
interest in preserving the earth's wealth. The pos-
sessions that now create a self-importance in their
present owners, will soon be no longer personally
theirs, and may hereafter bear the now unknown
names of his children's children !

92

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SKPT. 22, 1841.

For the New England Farmer.

HEDGES.

Mr Ediiof — Sir — I pcrcoivo that it is becom-
ing quite common for indiriduals to propose ques-
tions, and as there are many important sources of
information relative to the manngenient of our
farms that can only be approached in this way, I
wish to propose tiie followinfr: —

let. What is the best and most thrifty variety
of the thorn for hedges ?

2d. At what age should they be transplanted ?
and —

3d, How should they be managed after they are
transplanted ? •

By answering these questions you will greatly
oblige Yours, &c. H. I). W.

mndham, Mt., Sept. 8, 1841.

OJ'In answer to the preceding inquiries, we
can say nothing from experience, and nuist quote
the writings of others. The subject is of much
importance to such farmers as have not stones
enough to enclose their lauds with a substantial
wall. It gratifies us to find that one correspon-
dent wishes for such information, and it is with
pleasure we do the best we are able in reply. Af-
ter considerable search, we can find nothing better
than the following, from the pen of one who has
been eminently successful in the cultivation of
hedges. The article was published in the New
England Farmer, vol. ix. page 209 ; and though
long, we are unwilling to abridge it: every part is
important to those who are disposed to make trial
of such fencing.

VVc have the impression that Dr. S. has told us
that he now deems the native thorn of New Eng-
land the best fur use in this climate Ed.

LIVE FENCES.

Mr Fesse.'»den — If you think the following di-
rections for setting and training a hedge, which
were written for the use of my son, will be service-
able to our New England farmers, you are at liber-
ty to publish them. They were written in haste,
while I was quite sick, and confined to my cham-
ber. There is considerable tautology, and the lan-
guage inelegant, but I believe easy to be under-
stood. BENJ. SliURTLEFF.

Baalon, Jan. 10/A, IS."?!.

ter roots, and are more likely to do well. You
will rear your hedge in half the time, if you use
those that are four years old and upwards, than
you will if you use seedlings. Loudon says —
"Tlireeyeais old is certainly the youngest that
should be planted, and if they are even si.x or sev-
en years old, ao much the better." IJlaikie says,
"the age of the quickset plants (whether of one or
two years' growth) is not so material, as that the
planti should be of free growth." I set one hedge
In ISKi, with two years old plants, and another in
IBit?, with seedlings, and they have done very
well, considering my inexperience and the awk-
wardness and unwillmgness of my men to do any
thing that their fathers and grandfathers had not
previously done.

4. Assort tite Plants. — Let your plants be as-
sorted ; the large, the small, and the different sizes
of intermcdiiites, each by themselves. Set the
large on the high, poor and gravelly land, and the
small on the rich land, and in the valleys and bot-
toms, and those of intermediate size on the inter-
mediate kind of land. In this way, your hedge
will grow nearly alike and be very even; but if
you intermingle promiscuously large and small, the
largo will grow rapidly and will keep the small
down, and your hedge will be uneven and full of
gaps. If you plant the large in the rich hollows,
and the small on the poor knolls, ono part of your
hedge will be years ahead of the others. Either
before or after planting, cut off the tops of the
plants, about an inch from the root or yellow part,
so as to leave an inch of the green bark or top
with four buds or eyes.

5. Spare Plants. — Select a tenth or more of
yonr best plants, and set in your nursery in wide
rows, and at a distance from each other in the

AN EAST WAT TO MAKE
LIVE rE.^CE IN

CnHPLETE HEDGE OR
SHOUT TIME.

1. Material for a Hedt^e, — The plants commonly
used for a hedge arc the English White Thorn

raising the surface so much, or making it so coi (
vex as to lose the moisture. By laying or slopic »i
your plants, small roots strike down from the o,
tap roots, and you have a great number of ne'
routs that nourish the plants and keep them fin
and prevent them from writhing about. By cu
ting off the lop of the plant, you will have thri
or four strong upright young shoots, starting frO'
the surtacc of the ground, instead of a solitary o
one.

8. Hoeing and Clearing. — Let your hedge tLi;
perfectly hoed and kept entirely free from grdi ^
and weeds. Care must be taken that the root |t
stems and side branches are not abraded or wouot
ed by the hoe. .\ little fresh earth ought to II j
drawn about the roots at each hoeing, and in tii ^
autumn all the leaves should be raked away
prevent the stems and roots from being girdled U j
mice.

- 9. Pruning, &,x. — Prune either early in ti
spring, about midsummer, or late in the fall, wht
there is no flowing of the sap. When you plantt
your hedge, you preserved every root, but you ci
off the top, leaving but four buds ; these will pri
duce you four large stems as supports. This
all the pruning or trimming the stems or uprigl
shoots must have, on any condition, till they ait
five or six feet in height; then you may trim th
down to the height you mean to keep your hedgi
but the side branches 'should be gently trimnic
every year, leaving those longest near the gruun
so as to have ihem broad at the bottom and tipe
ing gradually towards the tops in the form of
cone, pyramid, a young fir or pitch pine.

The trimming of the side branches makes ihei
send out more new shoots from these cxtrciuitie
which by frequent trimmings will become so iliic

, , . , , , , ,, . . I as to fill up every crevice from top to bulioin i

rows, so that the side branches shall not interfere ,,<,j „.,„„ j,,^ ; , ^^^ ^^ ,,^,, ^^

fl.n* .,«.. .«o.. *; ..n..«..^ .^^ ;« ,.„..- t.^-l — .^i 1-1 ^J & J r O 'J

that you may fill vacancies in your hedge, should
any occur. .Manure and hoe them, so as to keep
them well ahead of your hedge, so that when set in
a gap the will not be behind their neighbors.

0. Preparation of the Soil. — Let your land be
well prepared, a strip ut least eight feet wide, deep
plowed, well harrowed, raked .over, and cleared of
all sward, sods, gross and weeds ; let it be as well
prepared as if you were to sow garden seeds. If
any part of the land is poor, harrow and rake in
old and well rotted manure that will not ferment;
then plow or dig a trench through the middle 8 or
10 inches deep, one side perpendicular, and the
other with a gentle slope or angle of thirty decrees.

J\Tode of Plantins;. — Your land and plants

(Crat(tgiLS^ oxycanlha,) the Purging Buckthorn | t''"-'' prepared, lay your plants on the inclined

(Rhamnus calhartieus,) the Newcastle Thorn (Cra-
IfLgiu crus Gain,) the Three Thorned Acacia or
Honey Locost, ( Gleditschia triaianthos,) the Red
Cedar, (Junipcrus Firginiann,) &c. But I much
prefer the American, Virginian, or Washington
Thorn, (Cratngus cordatn.) It seems to have no
enemy. In more than half a mile of hedge, I did
not find a dozen caterpillars' nests, or one plant
girdled by mice during the past year.

'i. Season to set a Hedge. — In our climate, a
hedge should be set out in the spring, before the
plants begin to vegetate, and every fibre of the

plane or slope, in a straight line, nine inches apart
(more or less,) and as deep as they originally were
in the nursery, making allowance for the dry dirt
that may be blown or washed away ; set them so
loep that all the yellow part may he completely | of your plants to the North, they will not li

covered ; then with a hoe carefully draw on the
mellow earth to cover the roots, and press and pat
it down well around them. They had better be
set a little deeper than a little shallower, than
when in the nursery, and they will bear it, as in
the nursery they were perpendicular, but in tlie
trench sloping. It will be best not to fill the

,,,,., ■ 1 , , , trench completely, but to leave it a little concave

rooU should be take.n up with them, and by no , , ,, , .Y, . .i . i . .

, , cf ' ' about the roots, that the moisture may be retained,

means be cut off. 1 , .i . i n . i r , ^

[and that you may be able to draw a few inches of

3] Age of the Plants. — The more age the plants , piilverr^od earth every year around the roots, to

haveihe better; as they are more hardy, have bet- i make them throw out new shoots, and this without

ing trimmed, will ascend with strength, and su|
port the hedge.

10. Pruning Jnstrumenis. — Trimming is u=uul
performed with a hedge-bill or shears ; but a kni
with a short and slightly curved blade, thick n tl
middle, and tapering to a thin and very sliuii* Lilg
on each aide, is preferable to trim off lii ^lc
branches between the plants. For triumiML' tli
sides and cropping the top of the hedge, 1 h:iv
used a scythe. I cut olf the heel, and puucli tir
holes in the same end, and make a mortise in tk
end of a straight pole or snaith, and bore two holf
through the mortise, and rivet the scytii'? lu tli
pole end in the samo direction with the (jiU, udi
not ut right angles as for mowing. I put two nib
on the pole. With this you can cut the sides il|
or the lops off very quick and neat. In all yoK
cuttings, cut ii;j if you wish to benefit your hc.lgl
cut down if you wish to ruin it.

11. Miscellaneous Observations. — Slope tiie iaj»

■1*
lh«i:

ble to be broken down by suiiw ; or to ha
buds injured in the spring, by alternately
and thawing — land that has been in culu\ ■.' ■ • ■
preferable to now or sward land.

Two or three rows of white beans or ll ■ lut
nips, may be sowed on each side of your . i^e
but potatoes would shade too much, ami n r
would poison the plants. Cattle, sheep, ^ r i,,ij
not trample or browse on them.

Forest or fruit trees, (except walnut ami lai
may be set in a hedge forty or fifty feet n> .inicr
they make u beautiful appearance, but trim thcr.

VOU XX. \0.'H.

AND HORTICULTURAL R L G I S T E R .

93

ever JO liigli, lliey ilamsge tlie liodgo, if not by | Preparation of the Land. — In llie «|)rlii(; of the

ir nliade llii-y will by their roots. If you dn | year, wo curt about I! cords of long luanuru to tlio

tn.ii a hedj;o any, it will be stronff and tliick j ncre, lay it in hoai)», spread it upon tin- ;,'ru»H award

the bottom, givin^j you beautiful white blossoniH and plow it in. The land i» then rollfd and har-

id rod bernos, rowed until it ia ll<;ht and mtilluw, and planted with

I-J. Error, and Mi.takts.-U my first hedge n.v 1^"^" «« "^"^'y '" '''" '""°" "' '' "'" '^"' *'"'°"'
,d was tough sward, and not well prepared. >^>^^\^'"T!"^^!'^^-'""'"^.'T!'T""''':,!:''':T^
et my large plants that were two years old, per

nd

nJioular ; in my second hedge, set out two year

;cr, my land was well prepan^d, and I set my

arling plants sloping, and it is ahead of the first

dgo : had the treatment of both been ciiual. the

t would have been three years ahead of the last.

id not hoc as olten as I ought to have done, nor

1 clear away the leaves in aufunin so well as I

uld have done. I lost one year's growth of my

Iga by planting two rows of potatoes on each

e of It, the tops of which grew so lu.xuriontly.

It they ciuiipletely co»ered and shaded the plants.

My grand error was in cropping the tops, once

d genorally twice n year, with the expectation

making the hedge thicker at the bottom and

re perfect throughout ; but it had a contrary ef-

t, by Uirowiiig out a great nuinher of small i

ots at the place cut ; instead of increasing the

in stem and lower branches, and thickening the

torn as was expected. The oftener I cropped,

more weak shoots came out where cut, and

ise below dwindled and perished, and the main

n ceased to inorease. The top of the hedge

;aine wide, bushy, and top heavy, and the bot-

1 open, weak and destitute of branches. Those

id not crop had large firm stems, and threw out

ge strong suckers from their roots, and have

de a hedge im|ienetrable to an enraged horned

I. I ought not to have trimmed the main stems

:r the first or second trimming, till it was six

thigh.

18. Recapitulation. — Prepare your land in the

t manner ; use suitable plants of thrifty growth,

older the better ; assort and accommodate to

diflerent kinds of soil ; preserve all the roots,

crop the tops, leaving only four buds ; keep a

in your nursery ; set tliem sloping to the north,

leave the ground a little concave about the

ts ; keep them clear of grass and weeds, and

a little earth to the routs at each hoeing ; clear

ly the leaves at autumn ; trim the side branches

efully, and leave the main stems to nature till

y are six feet high, then crop off the tops to

height you mean to have your hedge. It will

k like a wedge with the sharp end upwards, and

1 exhibit a most beautiful appearance.

n eight years my second hedge was a sufficient

ce for, or against sheep and cows. By follow-

the above directions, a better hedge can be

ed In half the time, and at ao expense of less

n fifty cents a rod.

In 18'I0, the result was '<!5 1-2 bushels of rye,

sold for $1 per bushel, $'-25 50

Ryo straw sold for 0 00

Premium as above, G 00

Total,
Expense of cultivation, &c.

$40 50
'J 00

From the Boston Cultitalor.

WINTER RYE.

>Ir Editor — Below you will find a statement
ur methoil of raising winter rye, together with
le of the results, which you may publish, or
)w under the table, as you feel disposed.

>oi7. — The soil which we cultivate for corn and
is a strong, deep, gravelly loam, not liable to
ght when properly managed, nor aficcted by

vy rains so as to injure the crops, quite ledgy
also abounding with small stones.

small liandl'ul of nslies in each hill. In the siihsc-
quent cultivation care is taken to keep the ground
clean, and the surface level, without hilling. At
the proper .stage of the corn, before it is ripi', it is
cut up close to the ground and shocked, and when
sufficiently dry cleared from the land. A good
cultivator is then drawn over the ground with one
horse ; the rye sowed and well harrowed in: quan-
tity of seed, from one bushel to one bushel and a
pock, according to the size of the kernel and the
time of sowing per acre.

Time of Soivin'r. — This ought to bo done as
soon as the 20th of September, and we somclimcs
sow before the close of the second week in Sept.
We uniformly suffer by a diminution of the crop,
if sown much later than the20tli of Sept.

Harvestiiif:;. — Our rule is to cut when the grain
is so soft as to be mashed btHween the tliunib and
finger, or what some farmers call raw, never letting
it stand until ripe.

The advantages of cutting thus early are —
1st. The grain is of a better quality.
2d. There is not as much waste in hurve.stiiig.
3d. The straw will weigh more, and will bring
a higher price in market.

.Manner of Harvesting. — This we do with a com-
mon grass scythe, laying the swarth along side of
the standing grain at an angle of about 32 degrees.
We prepare a rake by tying a wide shingle on the
inside of the bows. After the straw has partly
dried, it is collected with this rake into half bunch-
es, and the butts evened with the shingle. If the
straw is large and thick, it may be cut in this way
and bunched up so that it would be dilEcult to tell
whether it was mowed or reaped, were it not for
the fact that it is much longer. When sufficiently
dry, the rye is housed and threshed in tho month
of .August with the flail, as the straw will sell bet-
ter and command a higher price threshed in this
way than with a machine.

The advantages of cutting rye as above describ-
ed over the sickle are: —

1st- The labor is not near as hard.
2d. It is done in much less time, enabling a per-
son to cut several acres while the rye is in its raw
state.

3d. A much larger amount of straw is obtained.
This method has the advantage over the cradle,
at least where the grain is very thick and heavy,
and in almost all cases except where it is thin and
light, the work is done in a neater niannc-.,4tiJ a
greater quantity of straw is obtained.

Results On lands as above prepared, we get

from 2.') to 35 bushels of rye to the acre, and from
1 1-2 to 2 tons of straw.

In 1839, we raised from 1 acre, 34 bushels 12 1 -2

qts. of rye, which sold for $41 27

Straw on the same acre sold for 13 GO

For which we received the premium of itie

Bristol Agricultural Society, ti 00

For use of laijd and profit, $31 50

This lust aero was not as good land as the firat
In 1841, the result on lands managed as above,
was about the same as last year. You will per-
ceive that the straw in one case more than paid
the expenses of cultivation, and in the other equal-
ed them.

Yours, respectfully,

S. M. STANLEY.
Jittkhoro\ .lug. 31, 1841.

Tilt atean Plow. — We have received from J. D.
Wilkins, Esq., of this Parish, a communication giv-
ing the plan on which it was proposed to procure a
steam plow to work our prairies. We are glad to
hear that five or six persons have already subscrib- '
ed liberally. The following is the proposition on
the part of the subscribers : —

" We, the subscribers, bind ourselves, our heirs
and assign."*, to pay to any mechanic, either of
America or Europe, who will invent and reduce to
successful practice, a steam plow, that will furrow
ten acres in a day, eight inches deep, into five feet
and a half beds, at three furrows to the bed, either
across or around the field, in the county of Atta-
kapas, La., the sums ogiposite our names below ; as
witness our subscriptions, this 7th day of June,
1841."

Mr Wilkins remarks : —

" I have presented this plan to raise a premium
to induce some enterprising rational mechanic to
introduce a steam plow which would raise the
price and promote the settlement of our prairie to
a very profitable extent. It costs me a capital of
.$12,000 in negroes, teaiiis and plows, to fallow ten
acres of land in a day, five inches deep. With a
capital of ,$3,000, including the cost of the steam
plow, r could fallow the same land in the day,
much deeper. I also conjecture a steam plow can
be made to fallow much more than ten acres in the
day. I think a premium of $10,000 would excite
and set to work some man gifted with ingenuity,
and procure us the introduction of the wished-for
steam plow, for which our level lands are so admi-
rably adapted. I have only presented this sub-
scription to a few of my neighbors, and five have
subscribed a thousand dollars. Nearly every one
I liave mentioned it to are inclined to support the
scheme, and 1 think I can very easily, in my neigh-
borhood, procure subscriptions to the amount of
one third of $10,000, and if you will request Mr
G. L. Fuselier, above Franklin, and Col. Sparks,
below, to hand round a subscription paper, they
can soon raise their third part of the amount, each;
then we will advertise to the world this premium,
with the names of the subscribers, and the steam
plow, I hope and believe, will be soon forthcoming."
— tVanklin (La.) Banner.

Total,
Expense of cultivating, threshing, &c.

$60 87
11 25

Leaving for the use of the land and profit, $49 62

Curwen, ia his evidence before the House of
Commons, considers salt indispensable to the health
and thrift of animals ; and that its first visible ef-
fect on milch cows was in freeing the milk and
butter from all taste of the turnip.

94

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. aa, 184

A>n IIORTICULTUBAL RFGISTER.

BoaTOS, Wednesday, Skftember 22, 1841.

THE STANDING DISH— MANURES.

" What slinll I get for diniKT today ?" B.iys the good
wife to her husband. " Why, you must boil the pol, if
there is nothing else." So the matter is si-llled (or that
day's dinner.

Though a boiled pot might be neither palatnble or easy
of digestion, yol the salt bocf, porit and appendages iire
invaluable in the farmer's larder. From them he makes
a good nxiul, whenever other things happen to bo want-
ing.

What has this to do with manures? Not innch,t'i
be sure ; but it happens to occur to us ju«t now, that in
casting about in tlie iutcllectoat closets for sometliing to
feed farmers' minds upon every Wednesd.ay, wo find it
convenient to cook n dish upon miinures about us often
as the farmer's wife " boils lite pot."

Her salt junh \3 no rarity when it comes upon llio
table; and we have nothing new to set before ihoso for
whom we are making preparation.

Repeatedly liave we told you all, to gather up weeds
and leaves, siil and muck ; we have called upon you to
use ihem freely but judiciously in the hog-pen, the cow-
pon and wherever else they can be converted into better
fertilizers. We have done what we could to coax you
or lo drive you into the muck holes and peat meadows,
that you may bring out from them scores and hundreds
of loads of materiel for future use. — What more can v\*e
Fay or do.' — We must, and we ici(/, with your leave,
keep you thinking about manures. You shall hear us
ask how to make them and how lo use them. We will
keep the subject in sight, whellier vvu can give you any
thing new or not. — Munvres — manures — MANURES!
rbeso constitute your great want, and cure the evils of
your lot, — Here comes up a thought — let ua see wiiether
it will answer to spice our plain disli with. — Manures
cure the evils, — yes, they are the " panaceas" (not
Swaim's, hut yours) — they are the panaceas — the cure-
alls for your soil. These make the lean become fat ■,
the barren fruitful ; they change iho meagre into the
bountiful harvest. .O, the virtues of manures! Greater
are they in elTects upon the soil, than is the sovereignest
of all the sovereign rcme<lips whicli cure all the diseases i
and all the ills that human flesh is heir to. |

Had we but the pen that describes the wonderful I
workings of the thousand and odd patent medicines — [
could we but catch the true and elevated strains of lau- i
dalion — then what a lolly and brilliant article would we \
ueher in upon the world ! Quacks and all their paid i
scribblers should be left immeasurably behind us in the
details of wonderful renovatiims and astonishing cures.
Yes, had we hut thai pen, with manure and its wonder. [
workings for our iheme, we would oui-do the laudatory j
strains of every quill driver, from the days when the I
first parents of mother Goose "bed iheir first pen-limber, i
down to i!2d September, IHU .

Judge, reader, what we roighl do, had wn but the
true enibcllishiiig and eiiihlazoning power — judge what
we might do with such faelslo work upon as the follow-
ing certificates clearly establish : —

HERDSMAN'S COMI'OUiN'D!

To the whole world bn it known : — My ancestors
have evtr been sickly dwarfs — scarcely growing 15 inch-
ei tall — while I and my many brothers and sisters,
who have taken freely of Herdsman's Compound, have
been healthy and strong, and have reached a sloturc of

more than 30 inches. So ostoiiishing have been the
virtues of this remedy for our dwarfishness, that an im-
perious sense of duty constrains me to make it public. —
It is agreeable In the taste and OAeeedingly nourishing;
no danger in taking it at any hour — day or night. I re-
commend its univeisiil application wherever pigmyisra
inclines to gain a fooiliold. TiMOTiir Grass.

Meadowlands, July 15, 1841.

AGRICOLA'S CORNGROWER !

Be it known to all lovers of corn cakes, and all pro-
ducers of that out of which corn cakes and various et
rrtcras are made, that Mr Agricola, by plentifully feed-
ing me witli a mixture ho has formed in his hog-yard
and barn-yard, has caused me lo be vigorous, strong and
green in June; to grow siout and expand luxuriantly
in the warm nights of Julv ; and to yield in autumn a
rich profusion of well filled and ripened ears of golden
grain. To thosu who Imve often seen my sickly com-
plexion; slender and drooping form, and diminutive
size, where this congenial food was wantin^j — to them
I say, feed all my kindred and tribe with Agricola's
Ciirngrowcr, for iti virtues you must acknowledge to be
extraordinary. — Verb. sap. Phila.vdkr Maze.

Indian Hill, Sept. 2\, 1841.

GARDENER'S ROOTl'RODUCER !

Td whom it may concern : — The undersigned feel
bound lo inform the public, that Mr Gardener has fur-
nished them with an article of sustenence whose vir-
tues it is impossible to exaggerate. The complexion,
the size, or the health of either of us bears witness to
its wonderful elHracy. Invalids and " wee bits of things"
our fathers were, while loe, having been fed upon the
compost which Mr Gardener manufactures, have become
robust and giant-like. His is the meat on which we
feed, and grow so big; and we humbly beg all persons
th:it are rearing :.iiy of our kith or kin, t) supply Ihem
plentifully with this mighty renovator and nourisher.

L. O Carrot,
W. Carkot,
R. Baga,

■M. WuRTZEt,

S. Beet,
B. Bket,
E. TuR.s-ip,
D. Parsnip,
lioolplut, Sept. 20, 1841. S. S. O.vion.

Now farmers and gardeners all — ^^the above certificates,
coming from veracious ones, who have actually expe-
rienced the happy tffecla of the articles above alluded to,
claim your confidence and regard. Though nothing is
said oftlie ingredients cotnposing these famous prepara-
ti'Uis, yet we imy safely infer that all ihe wonders there
described have been wrought by manure ; — yes, by ma-
nure. Therefore, sec to it that you collect from swamp
and roadside, from garden and field and pasture — see to
it that you collect every thing that can bo easily con-
verted into manure.

A stronpef cThnrlation should be given, had we but
power to call up' fr6m Ihe " vasty dee[w" of the hog-
yard, the cow-yard, the muck hole, and every spot rich
with iho corruptions and putrefar lions of past ages ; —
Yes, from these deeps we would call up those spirits
which give its richest verdure to the lawn — its health
and vigor to every flower and plant and tree. And
when they came, these spirits should find a tongue in
every luxuriant blade of grass — in every noble corn-
stalk— in every promising plant — and these longues
should cry aloud — they should utter in unceasing din
these words of truth and significancy : — We — we — the
spirits of the manure heap — loe made the verdure and
heftiity upon plain and hill-side; wc made the ample
harvests; tot gave the husbandman the rich reward of

his labors. These are our gifts. Without us, ye till
of the soil — without us, ye toil in vain. Give us, ihi
FOOD — give us your care and attention. Do every thi
to increase our size and our virtues. Do you the wt
«f making u*,and place us where we can act, and ll
wt will make fir you flowers, and fruits, and grains.

Thus, had we the power, should these spirits speak
you. But ihey are beyond our call; — therefore far
for yourselves what they xeould order, and go and of
their biddings. This is all we have to set before yoi
nothing mere was put into Me pot.

NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST.

Mr Wm. Kenrick has just brought nut a new and i
proved edition of his American Orchardist. He has ■
thanks for a copy of the work; and when we get li
we shall look it over and avail ourselves of such p
tions of its contents as seem suited to the wanU of
readers — Otis, Broaders & Co., Publishers.

BOSTON CULTIVATOR.
H. C. Morriani. Esq. has become successor to
Buckmiinter, as editor of the Cultivator.

Btts Hortionltural Society.

kxhibition of fruits.

Saturday, Sept. 1 1

The display of fruits at the rooms was very fine
the specimens numerous.

The contributors were as follows :

B. V. French, Esq., of Rraintree — Cushing, Spat
Bon Chretien, Belle et Bourne and Frederick of \\
temberg Pears. Dutch Codlin, French Sweet, Gar
Striped, Summer Queen and Dewitt Apples, and C
Golden Drop Plums — all good, and many very
specimens.

From Madame Cigelow, Medford — St Michael Pe;
Freixh Apples (beautiful,) and fine Peaches.

From Mr Allen, Salem— fin» specimens of Bl
Hamkurg and Cliasselas Grapes. Also, Seckle Pe

From Al. P. Wilder, Esq. — Reinsen's Favorite, Co
Admiral and Lombard Plums. Bartleli, Belle el Bo
and French Pears, name unknown. Coolidge's Fi
rite, and one oilier variety of Peaches — all fine sp
mens— some unusually fine.

From S. Pond — St. Gliislain Pear, and a larire dis;
of five different varieties of Plums — all very fine ap
mens.

From R. Manning, Esq , Salem — fine varieties Pe:
cnnsistin<! of Bartletl, Haniias, Golden Beurre of Bill
St. Ghislain, Harvard, Beurru Romaine, Beurre >d° Mi
and a new kind unknown. Also, Red Aprinot Plun

From Geo. \\ uUli, Charleston Neck— large and v
fine Peache'i.

From J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton — George
Fourth, Red and Vcllow Rnieripe, Coolidge's Fnvo:
Royal Geoifje and Teton de Venus Peaches — the In
varietv measuring nearly 9 inches in girth. Gl
Mundi and Porter Apples, and Julienne Pears. 1
fine Musk Melons, raised from seed brought from Sii
na ! Also, lliriic Water Melons, weighing 7'> lbs.,
ing a part of nine melons raised Irom out teed, the wl
weighing over two hundred lbs.

From Mr Snunderson, of Lynn — Julienne Pears.

Fine Peaches from .Mr Dana, Roxbury

From Mr Billings — French Red Calvillu Apple.

Specimens of the Chelmsford Pear, by Mr Brown.

Seedling Peaches, from Mr .Stone, Salem.

From F. W. Macondry, Esq., Dorcheiiter — very
specimens of Golden Beurre of Bilboa Pear. AIi(
very beautiful spcriinen of ilie fruit of the Egg Plant

The Committee are very happy to noiica iho inert
ing interest manile^|ed in the weekly shows of the S> ^
oty, and they Ixipe that all amateurs will contribute i
cimens of every thing rare and beautiful.
For the Committee,

JAMES L. L. F. WARRE>

Saturday, Sejit. 1^
The di^Uy of Frniis to day was largo, and much <
was extra fine in appearance and quality.
Pears were exhiliiied by (he following pcrsoDi, vit.

VOU XX. !fO. 14.

A N D H 0 R T I C L' [. T IJ II A L REGISTER.

•9;>

Bv rti .inu Hc'i.nv,..f n...i..ii— .>»uininrr Ttn.rii.
It. |-...lii.;m.ot R'oxlnirv - Hc:«llir..t.
'<8. r.piiil, of Ciiinliri.lgc|x>ri— Splrnilid ii|i<^iiiieDa of ihe
lutrt Its JiilirniM. Ituriiri, NV illjrr and t>t. (ihialain.
.Mr lligrluw, o( .Medfurd— H Uiikci uf oxtrii (in* Hun
imi.'ii.
I). Kvcnill, Jr. of Rualoii— Fine iptcimrna of the St.

iclLlcl.

C»\\i. (Jeorgc Urown, of Kfvrrlv — Koldrn B«irre of llil-
^ (finr); Sli-klo,(pxtni) ; Jaluiisic, Om-lirM U'Aiigoulriiio;
lliHirr«(Hne), nnd » Uukct of line ll;irllr(l.
Mr Wrn. S(e.iriu, of Roxbury — Bpeciincnit witltuut imino.

PM'J.

1) <_'ii|)l. G«o. Brown, of Beycrly — Driip D'Or, und Spil-

brrg.

Hr Itiifelow, of Mrtlford— Fine ffxH-imens of swoot Applet.

Imot Mill, of Weal Cambridge — Porter Apple, (fine).

CTAKIKKS.

ly C.ipi. (leo. Brown, of Beverly — A s^eedliug, ol gooil fla-

' icli .Mr Browu call* the "ilarriiton.**
»rrj.

y .Mr Thoin.'u Mntou, of East Boslon— Fine rpecimeni of
ckllAiobtirg — ;tnd native Gntpea by J. L. L. F. Warren.

y .^lr i^mnel Pond. C.xnihrid^port — Lombard. Corses — T
tlic White Gage — liiwe specimens were tery fine.
rsiRKiKs.

y J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton— Gathered from a seedling
years old.

roin (he estate of the late John Singleton, in Charter
I, Bosion.

,- • <co. Walsh, of Charlcstown Neck — Fine specimens of
Rov.tI tieonje.

L. L. F. Warren, of Brighton — 10 dishes of extra fine,
notired among Mr Wnrren^s fruit some beautifnl speci-
I of the Red and Yellow Rareripe. Royal George, and Te-
le Venus.
.0^3.
Mr J. L. L. F. Warren, a variety callcJ the Cassaba,
seed brought froin Italy by the Rev. Mr Pierpont, — and
riirun.

c Mes»rs. Winship, of Brighton, exhibited specimens of
ilis Peruvi.ina. It is the first lime that this Iru't has ap-
d on our tables, and if it can be brought tu perfection in this
• n uf (ho country. wiUiout the use of g asi^, it will prove quite
(ui-ilioii to our list of fruits; and from a icllir of l\lr Juna.
Iiip. addressed to the President of the .Ma.<s. Ilnriicultu-
iciety, we are led to believe it may be cultivated witliout
trouble. We underat;And seeds, cuttings, or plants of the
dis Peruviana (Winter Cherryl in.iy l)e obtained gratis,
L-stablishmeot of the Messrs. Winship, Brighton.
For the Comuaitlee.

S WALKER

wiioi.KsAi.i; iMtiM:.s CI »ui;nt. ai'i'i,i(,p.vukiih.

Conrclrd leilii /f^reul care, wccLli/. i Ju«t reccJTcd it the Now Knitland Agricultural Wnte

SKEP.'? Herds Ornss, 9 I bushel, verv little in mnrltet. ' ''""""' ^" ^^ °"'* ''^ '^""'' M"'!"-' J^""'. " l^ood supply of
K.d Top. so to 63 cents. Clover— Northern, ISO.— South- | *'<»"'jy'f H'lperior Ap/.le H.irer; a verv useful arlicle. With
KIbx Seed, 81 37 lu I io bu. Lucerne, 23 c. I """^ "' '. '""chiuei. a bushel of apples inny ho pared in

I a very short time in the hetl possible manner, and with great

u»»,.,,< <: •, nn r. a. «, r.i • ""'inij "' 'I'c oppl'-', »» ibc oulsides may bo taken olfnt BUT

Howard Street $r 00-Goncsee %7 25-Ohio r.„uirod thickness. The al.ov. i, „1,o for hale at .\ I'. If

WILLIS', No. « North Market Sire.'i, SCrDDKK, COR-
Corn— Northern Yellow none —Round Yel" , t)IS .t CO., and IIOSMIiRit TAPI'AN, Milk .Sircei.

per lb

FLOUR
16 r...

GRAIN

While 72— Kyn—
Oats— Southern 48 In

low "S— Soulhora Flat Yello
Northern 70 to 72— Southern iioue.
62— Norihi'rn 60 to 61.

PROVISIO.NS. Bcel-Mess «ia 25 lo in r,u-Prlmo
»« iO— No. I t9 00. Pork— Kxlra— 13 Ott— Clear 12 60—
Mess $13 00. Hams— Norlherii 9 c. per lb— Southern
StoSj. Lnrd-lioslnn? In S c per lb — Souiherii, 6 lo r.
Uulter— Lump 18 In 22— Firkin 12 to 18— Shippint; 8 lo 14.

HAY. per ton, «18 lo 20- Kustern Screwed «M lo IG.

CHEKSE— Old II c— News.

EtiGS, 14 a IC.

Sept. I

JOSICPH IIUKCK & CO.

WOOL— The market for this article has not experienced

IV change of laic. Pulled Wool is rather scarce, and ihere

is fiutalimilci supply of low Fleeces, and of fine Fleeces the

stock is alsomoderale. Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed.

PRINCR'8 Nl'RSKRIF.S AND OAUDIiNB.

The New Catalogues are now ready for dit-
Irihuliiin ^ru/u lo all who apply, /losf /iiiiV/, per
mail. Tiiey cotnprmc an imiiiense asiortmenl
ol Fruits anil Oriinineiiinl Trceii, Shrubbery,
and I'laiiis, Bulbous Flower Rr»,tH, ami Dahlias,
(ireen House Plants, Garden Seeds, ic, all of which ara
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mall, to W.M. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will re-
ceive prompt attention. 4leow .Sept. 8

SVS DIALS.

Just received a few nf .Sheldon & Mo->re's, Sun Dials, (

.. ,........-.„„„„.„ , very neat and useful arlicle for the purpose of giving the time

lb. 50 to 85 c.--Ameriian full blood, washed, 47 to 50— Do' ! "^ ''''T '" ''"' garden or field. Price 76 cents. For sale by

3 4 blood, washed, 44 to 4G— Do. 1-2 blood, washed, 3r. to •'• BREUK 4r CO., No 51 and 62 North Market St.

40—1-4 and common do, 35 In 37— Smyrna Sheep, washed,

20 to 28— Do. unwashed, 10 lo 14— Bengasi Sheep. 8 lo I0--

Buenos Ajres unpicked, 7 lo 10— Siiperfiue Norlliern pulled

lamb 43 lo 40- No. 1 do. do. 37 to 42- No 2 do do 26 to 30

—No 3 do do 18lo2n.

DIASSACHl'SKTTS HOUTlClXTDRAli SOCIETY.

NOTICE.

Th.: Annual Meeting of the MassachuseiLs Horlicullural
Society^ will lie held at the Rooms, No. 23 Trcmoni Row,
on SATURDAY, the 2d nf October next, at 11 o'clock, A
M. for the choice of Officers (or the year ensuing, viz. a
President, four Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, a Correspond-
ing Secretary, a Recording Secretary, Professors of Botany
and Vegetable Physiology, Entomcilosy, and Horlicullural
Chemistry, an Executive Coniniillee, and Standing Com-
miitces on Fruils, Flowers, Proiluils ol' Kitchen Garden,
Synonyms of Fruits, Library, and Finance.

Sept. 22, 1841. E. M. RICHARDS, Hec. Src.

Sept 1.

ORKEN'S PATSiNT STRAIV CUTTER.

THER.MO.METRICAL.
Reporleil for the .New Englaml farmer.
^ ^soflhe rhermonieter at the Gardeiiof the proprietors
New EnglanrI Farmer. Brighton, Mass. in a shadeil
?rly exposure, week ending r^ept. 19.

. 1841. |5,A.M. I 12,M. I 7,P.M. I Wind.

I e:.

E.

I E.

i»y.

13

62

65

14

S4

70

IS

52

70

IC

60

68 1

17

SS

70 1

18

64

69 1

19

65

65 1

67

E.
E.
S. E.

TULIPS AND RANU«CUI,tJS, for Sale Cheap.

The subscriber oiTors for sole his entire stock of TULIPS
and RANUNCULUS. Tlicy will he sold in lots lo suit
purchasers, at very reduced prices, if early application is
made.

Also, several hundred TULIP ofTsels, in mi.\tures, of the
very finest kinds. Any person wishing to cultivate a fine
bed of Tulips, may, by 'purchasing the oflsels, obiain one at
a rcnj cheap rate.

Orders addressed to S. Walker, Roxbury, or to Messrs.
J. Kreck & Co. Boston, will receive prompt atienlion

S. WALKER

Roxbury, Sept. 18, 1841. 4v/

JHI'O.N MARKET.— MosDAt, Sept. 20, ^41.

KeiK.rteii for the .New Kneland FRriner.
i^larket 650 Beei Cattle, 830 Stores, 2,800 Sheep

4U Swine.

;£s. — Beef Cattle — The prices obtained last week

not sustained, and we reduce our quotationa.—
quality, $5 .'lO a G 0 ' Second quality, $."> 00 a

Thitd quality $3 50 a 4 r>0.
es. — Two year old $8 a 13. Three year old, $14

p. — Lots were sold from $1 12, to $2 25.

it. —Lots to peddle, from 3 to 3 1-2 for 90w», and

1-2 fur barrows. At retail, 4 to 5.

GOOD CVLTI VATORS AT «3 50

Cultivators for sale at the New England Agriculta-
rehouse, Nos. 51 & S2 North Market Sireei, Price
JOS. BRECK & CO.

HORTICVLTIKAL, KXIIIBITIO.-V.

#'i'he AnNUAL ExHiBiTion, of ilie Ma.ssachu-
selu Horticultural Society, will take place at
their room, 23 Tremotit Row, (opposite the
SaviniTs Bank) on Wedntstlmj, Thursday and Friday,
22d, 2od and 24tli of Sept.

Choice und rare specimens of Fruits and Flowers are
respectfully solicited from the members of the Massa-
cliusetls Ilorlicultural Sociely, and from the lovers of
Horticulture generiilly. Coinmittres will be in attend-
ance to receive contributions on Monday and Tuesday,
20th and 21st of September, and the .specimens sent will
be retained, subject lothe order el the owner.

A list, giving the names of Ihe specimens of Fruits and
Flowers presented is respectfully requested.
Per order of the Cominitluoid' Airangements.

S. WALKER, Ckairman.
Boston, Sept. 7th, 1841.

J0S|.:PH BRECK & CO. at the New England Agricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Siore Nos. 61 and.i2Norlh Mar-
ket Street, have lor sale. Green's Palent Straw, Hay and
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not before
applied to aay implement for this purpose. The most prom-
inent efTecis of ihis application, and some of the consequent
peculiarities of the machine are:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requisite
lo use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sufficient
lo work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cats two bush-
els a minute, which is full twice as last as has been claimed
by any other machine eve.i when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any other
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in general use to get nut of order.

ORIENTAL POPPY.

The best time for planting ihis magnificent Perennial, is
the present lime. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Paeo-
iiy Whitljeii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
Tartarica, &.C., from 50 cents lo 3l 00 per root.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 51 and 52
North Market Street. Sept. 1

PATENT BRASS SYRINGE— WHALU OIL SOAP.

Willis's Palent Improved Brass Syringe for watering
plants, grape vines, small trees, destroying the Rose Bug,
&c. This Syringe may be used on all occasions when water-
ing is necessary for using a solution prepared for the pur-
pose, to prevent mildow on grape vines, and also lo use the
preparation of Soap for the destruction of the Rose Bug.

This Syringe may be had of JOSEPH BRECK & CO.,
Nos. 61 and 52 North .Market Street, who has for tale the

BOLBOl'S ROOTS.

The subscribers offers for sale a great variety of Paeonies,
Lillys, Crown Imperials, and nihcr Bulbous and fibrous
rooted planis which are most sneccssfully planted in August.

Also, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous roots of
evcrv description. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Aug 11.

ED9III.\'D T. HASTI.VGS <ft. CU.
Pure Sperm Oil.

No. 101 .State St, keep constamly for sale, Winter, Spriin;
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warratil to be of the best quality and to buru wilboiK
crusiini;.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

L'ETANO LIMB.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
Whale Oil Soap, a sure preventative against the ravages of I find it greatly lo their advanl.age to try the St. George Co's.
the Rose Bug and other insects. The Soap should be dilu- | L'Eiang Lime, said to be superior for ihal purpose lo any
ted by water, at the rate rif fifteen gillons of water lo two other ever yet introduced, tor sale by D.WID DAVIS,
pounds of Soap, and applied by the Syringe. The Soap is ' over the Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boslon.
in kegs containing 23 lbs., at one dollar per keg. July 14 j Sept. 8. 3in

96

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MISCELLANEOUS

Prom Tail's Magazine for December.

CHANGE.

Change ! Change ! The mournful story

Of all that's gone ijefurc !
The wrecks of perished glory

Bestrewing every shore.
The shattered tower and palace,

Thai frown o'er every glen,
In broken language tell us

Of the fleeting power of men.

Change ! Change ! The Scythe is sweeping

O'er many a cottage hearth ;
The sickled hand is reaping

O'er some scenes of household mirth.
The sheaf is bound where daughters

Round their mother used to spin ;
And where little feet did palter
Full often out and in.

Change ! Change ! for all things human !

Kingdoms, slates of amplest wing
Have their flight and fall in common

With the meanest mortal thing,—
With beauty, love, and passion;

With all of eanhly trust ;
With life's smallest wavelet, rushing,

Curling, breaking into dust !

Where arose in marbled grandeur,

The wall'd cities of the past.
The sullen winds now wander

O'er a ruin huddled waste.
Rent is the palace splendid ;

The owl, in silence, wings
O'er floors, where, eye attended.

Paced the sandalled'^crt of kings.

Still change! Go thou and view

All desolately sunk;
The circle of the Druid,

The cloister of the monk ;
The ahbey, holed and squalled,

With its grass-maned staggering wall.
Ask by whom these were unhallowed —

'Twai Change that did it all.

But Mind, the ever-living,

From Time's each succeeding birlh,
Will receive some more of heaven,

Will retain some less of earth.
More of truth, and less oferror :

Less of hale and more of love ;
Till the world below shall mirror

All the purity above.

THE INCH AUGER.

A few years since a man from the region of
Kennebec, with an inleresting wife, two lovely
(lauglilers, and n promising son, moved "down
eaet," percliased ns piece of wild land, selected n
spot, erected a log cabin, njtli a stone cliinmcy
and o wooden niantle-trce, and was soon in a good
way to live, surrounded by every thing necessary
to make him comfortable and happy. He had
lived there several years, when the first movement
was made in the temperance cause. Like many
other good steady men, he refused to have any tiling
to do with their movements. He would have folks
know thata Kennebecer conld take care of himself
— lio would sign no pledge. Not long after he
was invited with others to the rising of a barn.
At regular, and rather short intervals the pail of

toddy was passed around, and he sipped with the
rest till at length lie discerned that he had sipped
too much. He wus a little over the bay, and on
returning home he could not navigate quite so well
as he wanted to do. But though his potations had
made sad work with his physical system, his mind
was not so ali'ected but that he perfectly understood
liis situation, nor were his moral sensibilities bo
perverted but that he felt heartily ashamed of him-
self.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH
Great improvements have been made the post year in I

His reflections were not of the most agreeable | form and workmanship o( these Ploughs ; the mould 1k»

has licen so formed as to lau the Jiirrow complclcln on

turning in every parlidc of grass or sluhble, and icaring IL^

ounti in Ihc best possible martncr. The lengtl ' '

character as he approached his dwelling; nor
were they essentially improved as he entered and
noticed the saddened countenances of his wife and
daughters, whose gushing tears soon told him how
bitterly painful tn the soul it was to have a hus-
band and and a father come home drunk. He sal
down and mused awhile in silence. At length he
roused himself from his stupor, and with a deter-
mined tone demanded — "Where's my inch au-
ger ?" So strange a question in these circurnstansea
only added to the sorrow of the afflicted family, and
I they thought it best to let it pass in silence. The
question was soon repeated in a still more deter-
mined tune — "wliere is my inch auger!'" "What
in the world do you want with your inch auger?"
inquired his wife mildly. "I want it," was there-
ply. The incli auger was produced. He look it,
and commenced boring with all the energy of
which he was capable in his wooden mantle-tree.
The work was soon completed, and the chips were
seen dropping from the further side into the fire.
"There, wife," said he, "I'll drink no more rum
till that hole grows up."

There was his pledge — and having it before his
eyes as he arose in the morning, and every time he
entered his dwelling through the day, it doubtless
had a much stronger influence upon him than if
it had been locked up in the desk of the Sec-
retary of the Temperance Society; and to this
beloved family the inch auger hole in the man-
tle-tree was undoubtedly the most valuable orna-
ment that could possibly have been devised —
Christian Jf'ritchmun.

mould hoard has Ik n very much increased, so ihat I
Plough works wilh the greatest ease, bolh with respecl
the holding and the team. The Committee at the late ll
of Ploughs at Woreesler, say,

" Should our opinion he aslced as to which of the PloOl
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps sajH
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to wjj
try I'routy & Mears, but if jour land is heavy, hard or Toi

DKGIN WITH Mr. HoWABD's.'' J

At the aliove mer.t;oned trial the Howard Pl^u^h 4

ore icorli. xeith the same pswer of team, than otm, oti
plough cxhihilcd. No v>tlier tnriied more than tw.i i\ -i-i
andone half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, ■vlnol
Hr/irard Plough turned ticertlynine and one half i-'^fs
the same power of team i All acknowledge that Ii\'-ftr
Ploughs are much the strongest and most sul ^i :itn
made.

There has heen quiie an improvement made on il' >.ti
or land side ol this Plough, which can he renew, li v iilii
having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewis' >' c«
the mould hoard and landside togetlier, and strcnglhcnsl
Plough very much. ,,

The price of the Ploughs is from SG to 815. A Ploil
suffit u-nl for breaking up wilh four catllc, will cost
Sio 50, and with cutler Si, with wheel and cutter,
«xira.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and reti
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed
Nos. 51 &. 52 North Market Sireel, hy
___^ JOSKPH BRECK & Ci

FENCE CHAIKS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, slid
for Fences or othei jjuiposcs. For sale hy J. CRECi
CO., No. 62 North Market St. April J

AGRICVL.TIIRAL, lAIPIiKltlKNTS, &c.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 52 North Market street,
would inform their cnslnmers and the pulilic generally that
tlu'y have on h;ind ttic most extensive assorlmcnt of Agri-
cultuial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the Uniicd
Slates. Part of which arc Ihc following :

1000 Howard's Patent Casl

LAOTOMBTERS.

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cullivniorr.
100 Tireene's Straw Oiitlcrs.
50 Willis' do. (lu.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
50 Common do do,
2"0 Willis' Seed Sowerf.
50 " Vegct'llilc Cullei
50 Common do, do,

200 Hand Corn Mills.
2uo Grain Cr»dles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1500 Doz. Scylhe Rlones.
2000 '■ Ausliu's Rifles.
March 17.

lOO'doz. Cast Sled Shovels.
150 " Common do.
100 " Spades.

Grass Scythes.

alcnt Snniths.

Common do.

Hay Itakes.

Garden do.

Manure Forks.

Hay do.
600 Pair Trare Chains.
100 " Tniok do.
I no Drnll do,
600 Tie np do.
6U doz. Hnller do.
I UOO yards Fence do.
26 Grind Stones 00 rollen.

600
300
200
600
200
200
300

Just received at the New England Agricullur;
house. No. 61 and 62, North Market si., a few .s. k
toinelers, for lesiing the qualiiv of niilk.

June 23 ' JOSKPH BRECK

Of)

NEW Tl'RMP SEED,

Just received anil for sa'e at ihe New Enghii \
lural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 61 and Wi ,N .nlil
kct street,

600 U.S. TURNIP SEED, of ihe growih oi 1 ; i

July 14 JOS. BRECK ■, Ct

N E W ENGLAND FAR M l", K

A WEKKLV PAPER.

The Editorial department oftbis paper h:,.
into ihc hands oflho subscriber, be is now :,
hy iho publishers to inform llio public llinl In.
Ihe pnpci is reduced. In future ilio In

TYK I'P CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromandn, 600 Chains for tj-c- I P'"'' y"' "• advance, or $2 .'iO if not p.iid u
ingupCnitle. ' day». AI.I.EN I'l' I \ AK

These chains, introduced by E. H. Debdv, Esq, of Salem, N. B. — Pnatmastors arc required by law I.. Imnk
and Col. .lAcauEH, for ihe purpose of securing cattle to ilif Uubscriptions and remittances for ne'wspapcrs, wii»
siall.arc lound If Iw the safest and most convenient niodii expense to subscribcrd. ""

of fastening cows ami oxen to the stanchion. | ^

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market I

TCTTLE AND DENMETT, PRIKTERB.

AND H O R T I C U L T U K A L REGISTER.

>u

PUDLISIIEO BY JOSEPH BRECIC & CO., NO. 83 NOUTH MARKET STRKET, (Aobiculturjii. WAn«iiooi«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON. WKONKSDAY KVKNINCJ, SKI'I'EMltKR 20, 1841.

N. E. F ARIVI ER.

REQUITAL OF FAVORS.

The foIlowinjT notices of our labors, which np-
iro.l weeks B<jo, one in the New Genesee Far-
r, oJiloil by Messrs. Tlioma.s it n.itcham, Roch-
er, N. Y. ; the other in the Cultivator, edited hy
•esrs. Gaylord & Tucker, .Mbany, N. Y., deserve
• ih.iHks. We have no disposition to deny that
so unexpected kind words, volunteered by stran-
rs to us, were received with sincere pleasure. —
0 unsolicited approbation of these competent
lijes, themselves most usefnl laborers in the same
ise with us — such approbation is welcome and
?enng. Those who have thus befriended \i!>,
:d not similar offices at our hands: their own
rks have been long enough before the public to
ablisli llieir characters as editors of agricultural
lers. We have no rtiought that they poured
lasses upon our head, hoping to induce us to
ead honey upon theirs; and therefore omitting
present to speak such praises as the heart might
lestly utter, we repeat our thanks — give to the
ntlcuien our best wishes — and tender to them
/ services it may be in our power to render. —
. N. E. F.

"The Nfw Enui.am) Farmer. — We mentioned
lie months since, that Allf.v Plt.vam had as-
ned lliu eJitui^liip uf this old and respeotiible
scr ; but as it had failed reaching us for some
eks previous, we could not speak of the effects
the change. Since then, however, it has arriv-
regularly, and we ought before now to have
ted that Mr Putnam's administration has, in our
nion, wrought a decided improvement in its
iractcr. The following article on Haymaking
a fair specimen of the genuine farmtr style of
P. We thank him for saving us the trouble of
.ting an article on that subject for our readers.
Ww Gentsee. Farmer,

'New EnGLAjrn Farmf.h. — This sterling and
ays valuable agricultural periodical, has just en-
eJ upon its twentieth year ; being, with the ex-
ition of the American Farmer at Baltimore, the
est of the American agricultural journals. Un-

the supervision of its present able editor, the
V. Allen Putnam, the Farmer is sure to lose
le of the high character it has long and dcser-

y sustained, as the leading agricultural journal
New England. A complete copy of the New
gland Farmer, is the best history of American
■iculture, (particularly in the Northern States,)

the last twenty years, any where extant. If
/ proof wore needed of the deep hold which ag-
ultural improvement has taken on the public
ad, and the rapid advance which the demand for
•icultural intelligence ia making, we have only
look back for a few years and compare the Amer-
n Farmer and the New England Farmer, strug-
ng for a doubtful existence, with the liberal pat-
lage and extensive circulation which not only
se, but a multitude of other papers devoted to

same great object, «re now receiving in tiiis

ntry. Success, we say, to the agricultural

press and the cause of agriculture. — Mhany Culli-
valor.

NEW ENGLAND POUDRETTE COMPANY.

Under the head of Boston Poudrette, we several
months ago menlioMcd that a Mr Rowcll, of Lynn,
was making etliir;s to get up a company for the
purpose of nianniacturing poudrette in this vicini-
ty. His eflorts have been successful, or so far
successful that a company has been formeil, its olH-
cers are chosen, land has been obtained, the build-
ing is in the process of erection, and the work of
manufacture will probably he commenced early
next month.

It is the purpose of those concerned in tliis ope-
ration, to proceed in a very economical way, and
incur no very heavy expenses previous to their first
trials. The business is mostly in the hands of en-
terprising and successful farmers in this vicinity,
who have long been accustomed to use much of the
raw materiel on their own lands. They become
stockholders, and with their own teams carry the
ingredients to the manufactory. It is calculated,
and the ground has been gone over many times,
that the company will be able with a capital of
four or five thousand dollars, to make all the prepa-
ration needed for the manufacture of nearly one
hundred bushels per day. All the stock which it
is at present thought needful to invest, excepting
about ten shares of $100 each, has been taken up;
and those ten shares will be sold to those who first
apply for them at the Agricultural Warehouse
(.Messrs. Joseph Breck & Co.) The funds are to
be paid in on or before the 10th day of next month.

It is not our design to lead men into investments
which mny prove unfavorable, and we refrain from
any advice or urging in the present case. Our on-
ly remark is, that after looking at the matter for
months, and making as thorougli inquiries as tole-
rably favorable opportunities have allowed, we
have become a subscriber, and risk a part of our
own limited means upon the fate of the trial. Oth-
ers, shrewder than we have any claims to be, have
done the same.

Stockholders may take the article at the market
price (probably in preference to others,) or can take
their <lividends in cash, at their option.

Edward Chamberlain, Jr., of ihe firm of Joseph
Breck &. Co., is Secretary of the Board of seven
Trustees, and Allen Putnam is Treasurer. Infor-
mation can be obtained from either of us at Messrs.
Brcek &. Co.'s En. ,

THE WESTERN FARMER AND GARDEN-
ER'S ALMANAC, FOR 1842.

BT THOMAS AFFLF.CK, CIWCIWNATI.

This is an uncon;monly valuable production of
its kind. The quantity of agricultural information
cnntamed in it is unusually large, and the descrip-
tions of pleasant scenes in rural life, add to its spi-
rit and interest.

The following is extracted from the author's
Chapter on Hogs :

" As this 8p'3cic3 of farm stock justly occupies
much of the attention of Ihe farmers of the West,
at this time, wo shall devote a chapter to a sketch
descriptive of those breeds in which the most into-
rest is fell.

Let us see first what constitutes n good Img

The head — though it ia certainly preferable that
Ihia should be short, handsome and sprightly, with
thin, small, pointed and pendulous e.us ; yet good
liogs may have a long and somewhat conrso head,
with a heavy, flopped car. The jowl should not
be too heavy — the flesh of that part is coarse and
of little value ; and moreover, it denotes a too great
aptitude to fatten, frequently to the serious injury
of the breeding qualities. The neck short, anil
not too heavy, fitting well on to the shoulder; the
shoulder not quite as high as the loin, thick and of
good substance, rounding well out: the constitu-
tion is generally in proportion to the capaciousness
of the breast and loin. The brisket coining well
down, and Ihe distance between the fore legs an
great as possible. The back broad and straight,
and rather slightly arched than otherwise, and par-
ticularly no sinking immediately behind the should-
er. The ribs well arched, forming a good barrel,
and supporting the belly well. The loin, as be-
fore remarked, wide and full, with the ribs coming
well back. The rump rounding off evenly, the
tail well set on, tapering and thinly haired, except
the tuft, which may be heavy ; in some breeds the
tail ia curled like a corkscrew. The ham must
be of good size, round and plump, ond swelling out
so as to come in aline with the shoulder: such a
formed ham will weigh well to its size. The hips
wide spread, and the twist coming well down ; the
flank deep and full ; the belly roomy, but not com-
ing too near the ground. The legs straight and
fine in the bone; the muscles heavy, particularly
in the thigh and arm ; the hock pointed; the pas-
tern joints firm and strong, not resting the dew-claws
on the ground, so that the animal has a bold and
erect footing; a thick, fleshy leg will not carry a
heavy hog to a distant market. The skin thick,
but tender and gelatinous, and easily masticated,
even in the shape of roasted crackling ; soft, and
handling well, and free from eruption. The hair,
smooth and soft, no bristle on tho neck, shoulder
or back. It has been observed, even by some of
the oldest writers that 'smooth, soil haired hoga
are most suitable for warm climates.'

Though the above described form and qualities
are those that in our view constitute the best hoT,
yet, like all other kinds of farm stock, they should
in a measure be adapted to the climate, situation
with reference to market, nature of the keep, and
the circumstances and management of the farm."

BONE MANURE.
We have recently looked over a Treatise on Ma-
nures by C. W. Johnson, Esq., of England. The
work contains a long chapter upon crushed bones
as fortilirers. The facts stated seem to prove that
no more profitable application to tho soil than this
can be made, where turnips or clover is the crop.
Hon. Capt. Ogilvy, of Airlie, says: —

98

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

SEPT. «9. I^* I

ilill "

"In l.S'28, eight acres were sown willi turnip,
solely with bone dust; tlie soil, a light sandy loam;
the subsoil, gravel and sand, coining in some places
nearly to the surface, which is very irregular, but
in general has a south exposure. This field had
been broken up with a crop of oats in I8'27, after
liaving been depastured six years, principally by
sheep. 'I'lie i|uuiitily of bone dust applifid was tiO
bushels per acre, and cost 2s. Cid. per bushel, or '-il.
\0s. per acre. Tlie turnip crop was so heavy that,
notwithstanding the very light nature of the soil, it
was judged advisable to pull one third for the feed-
ing cattle, two drills pulled, and four left to be eat-
en on the ground by sheep. The following year,
16'i'J, these eight acres were sown with barley and
grass seeds ; and the produce was 57 bolls I bush-
el, or 7 bolls I bushel nearly per acre, of grain eciual
in quality to the best in the Dundee market, both
in wcii;ht and color. Next year, a fair cro|) of
hay for that description of land, was cut, about l.'JO
stones an acre; and thoush I uin now convinced
that the lield should rather have been depastured
tho first year, yet the pasture was better than it
had ever been known before, for the two following
seasons, lt^;Jl and ld;W. It is worthy of remark,
as a proof of the efficacy of the bone manure, that
in a small angle of this field, in which I had per-
mitted a cottager to plant potatoes, well dunged,
and which, after their removal, was included in one
of the llakings of sheep, and had (one might have
supposed) thereby had at least ecpjiil advantage
with the adjacent bone dust turnip land, both the
barley and grass crops were evidently inferior, and
this continued to be observable until the field was
again plowed up. A very bulky crop of oats has
been reaped this season, probably upwards of eight
bolls per acre, but no part of it is yet threshed."

The Black Ciub and Cnlerpillars.

An opinion has been sometimes entertained that
the black grub or caterpillar, which has for the last
two or three years been so destructive of the tur-
nip crop, has been introduced in the bones import-
ed from abroad for manure ; and many equally idle
and learned papers have appeared, to warn the far-
mer of the dangers he was incurring by their use.
A more absurd supposition, perhaps, was never en-
tertained ; for, saying nothing of the total absence
of every thing like proof of a single black grub
being discovered in an imported bone, all the accu-
rate experiments anj long experience of those wlio
liave used bones, render the supposition laughable.

In the numerous experiments at which I have
assisted, it has been always found that the black
grub appeared equally numerous among the boned
and unboned turnips; that in those portions of the
field, or in the entire field, where bones were drill-
ed with the turnips, the grubs were not more nu-
merous than on those lands which were manured
with common manure, or drilled without any ma-
nure at all.

Again, the very habits of this black grub betray
the fact that he is not of animal origin ; he livfs,
hn feeds upon, he is composed of vegetable matter.
Thu farmer well knows that the grub or caterpillar
which is bred on a cabbage or turni)), cannot sus-
tain life, nay cannot eat animal matters; It would
perish if placed on the most dainty bone. And on
the contrary, if a grub bred in a bone, is placed,
however cautiously or skilfully, on a turnip or cab-
bage, he dies of absolute starvation, for vegetable
matters arc not food fur liini ; his habits, his very
nature, make him revolt from the novel food pre-
sented to him

And again — if he is really im])ortcd from Belgi-
um in the bones, he must be a regular salamander ;
for it has been clearly established that the turnip
fields which are manured with the refuse boiled
bones of the size and cart grease makers, have
been just as much covered with the black cater-
pillars as those which have been manured with
fresh bones. He can live, therefore, even in boiling
hot water. Or if become in the shape of caterpil-
lar eggs, then the believers in this absurd doctrine
must be convinced that caterpillar egjis can be
hatched even after they have been boiled fiir hours
in a temperature of 212"'.

The If'hite Clovtr Seed.

But grubs and black caterpillars are not the first
living substances which liave been supposed to
have been imported in the foreign bones. Thus
the Nottingham and Lincolnshire farmers, many
years since, found lliat by the use of bones, th(!
growth of white clover was surprisingly encourag-
ed ; and that, in fact, wherever a load of crushed
bones was spread, that in that place the clover
sprung up as if by magic. " They appeared,'' says
his Grace the Duke of Portland, in a letter with
which ho honored me in February, 1836, "so much
to encourage the growth of white clover, that I had
almost formed the opinion that it was superfluous to
sow the seed." 'J'he honest farmers of that fine
district, naturally hod many a learned cogitation
upon this strange yet regular appearance of the
white clover, wherever bones were applied; but
then they recollected that the bones came from the
very land of fine white clover seed ; and that the
seed must, therefore, as a natural consequence,
come hid in the bones. The Lancaslerian and
Cheshire farmers, however, did not fall into this
mistake, since they found that the white clover
sprung up just as copiously after the use of the
boiled bones, as upon the lands manured with those
in a fresh or green state.

The chemical explanation will occur to every
scientific farmer. The while clover abounds in
phosphate of lime ; it cannot, therefore, grow vigo-
rously in soils which do not contain it. Bones
supply this necessary food or constituent ; and ena-
ble the white clover to contend successfully in the
turf with other and coarser grasses, and finally ex-
tirpate them. There are few soils in England
which do not contain the seeds of this plant ; il
has been noticed to spring up in the most unlikely
situations, even in London, nfler a fire ; and for
precisely the same reason — the ashes of wood
abound in phos|)liate of lime.

Crushed Bones on Grasa Lands.

The application of bones to gross lands, is very
common in Cheshire and Lancashire. I liave al-
ready noticed its elfect in the production of white
clover, a i)lii'iioinenon well known to the farmers in
the neighborhood of Manchester, who are also fully
aware of (he very considerably increased produce
of their grass lands by the application of the refuse
bones of the size makers. The quantity which
they employ is very large, varying from forlyfive
to eighty bushels per acre. The result, however,
is fully commensurate with the outlay, for they cal-
culate that the produce of llieir grass fields is near-
ly doubled by the application.

I cannot give a better account of its application
for grass, than that very kindly communicated to
me in March, 18."5ti, by IJr. Stanley, th« present
Bishop of Norwich.

"Bone dust has been used in Oieshire," said h
lordfhip, "as a manure, to a very considerable ex.'.
tent, for the last seven years, but partially for a *
much longer period. Formerly it was laid on pas.
lure ground only, and in large quantities, and in
large pieces, which rendered it very expensive, and' ^
the advantage comparatively slow; but some pas-
tures that were bone-dusted twenty years ago, now "
show almost to a yard where this manure was ap.
plied.

Bonos are now used on every description of soil
in this county, with the best results, provided thw
wet sands are first effectually drained. Somi
thousands of tons are annually consumed, and thi
demand is daily increasing. The quantity pi
statute acre varies ; but llie average may be, oi
pasture, from 30 to 40 cwt. of Manchester or cal
cined bone, or 90 cwt. of raw or ground bones
the statute acre. For turnips, from 20 to ;iO cw
of calcined bones. Of oats or barley (of this \ai\
ter, however, the quantity grown in Cheshire i:
very trifling,) with clover and grass seeds, 'in to
.30 cwt. weight of calcined bones, or I ton of raw
or ground bones. Pasture ground should be well
scarified or harrowed previous to sowing the bones,
and immediately afterward rolled with a heavy rol-
ler, for turnips. The bones should be pound'.d,
or ground very small, and drilled in with the sted.
With spring corn rolled in with clover and seeds,
it should be here remarked, that raw bones particu>,
larly should be allowed to remain for some days in
heaps, to ferment, before they are applied, 'i'iicy
have been used for potatoes; but experienced per-
sons say they prefer dung. I am also inlbrincd,
though my informant slates his observations to be
limited, that on old meadows the result has not
been found to be so satisfactory as on pasture-. —
On clover, bones have a most extraordinary ell. ct.
On old pastures that have been boned, altiii.i,;;h
previously the clover was not to be seen, lu.xunant
crops have soon shown themselves. The bust
proof, indeed, of their beneficial effect, is the fact
that the farmers, six years ago, in this immediate
neighborhood, had so strong a prejudice nginnst
bones that it was with some difficulty they wcr- in-
duced to use them, although given by way ol re-
duction of rent ; but for the last three years, iliey
have been most anxious to obtain them, and are
now quite willing to be at half the expense. Tlie
rents have latterly well paid, and (here is ;,'oiid
reason for believing that it is in great measure nv.
ing to the advantage tlioy arc deriving f/oni the
boned land. On some estates in the connlv. tlio
proprietors have boned a considerable quantiiv of
the pasture land, the tenants willingly agiieiii ; to
pay, as an increased rent, (mm 8 to 10 per cent. ..n
the cost of bones. There is some difleniu r of
opinion as to the most advantageous sort of h iie«
for use, some preferring the dust to the ground
bones. The dust or calcined bones, are ;i/ per
ton, and the ground bones 7/. per ton. Fur itir-
nips, (he dust is generally preferred, as being nmre
immediate in its effects. On a very poor peut sjil,
about 3S cwt. of bone dust was applied to a statute
acre for Swedish turnips. The crop was a fair
average one. The turnips were carted off, and
the ground suwn with wheat, which produced im ar
25 mOBSures (of 7.5 lbs. per measure) to the slaiuie
acre. Oats succeeded with seed, principally red'
clover, a most excellent crop of oats ensuing. Tht
clover, also, proved a very heavy, full crop, nnd
was mown twice. No manure was applied for ihij
course, except the first set of bones for the lurinps.

vol.. XX. XO. 1.1.

A NO II 0 R T 1 C U 1. T U R A L REGIS T E R .

00

be rciuoiiiJor of llic tlolJ, ofcxuclly the sumo ilo-
:ription of soil, was woll manured willi fiirm.ynnl
iinsr, for potatocd, msii^ol wurttol, and vetches, to
9 used for soilinj;. This waa then Bonn with '
hent ; but being first well set over tvith a coiiipo't
' lime and soil, the wliciit plant on this part diinn;: ,
inter and spring, looked much better than the
)ned part of the field, but did not prove so good a |
op : but the diflerencc in favor of the bones was I
)t much. Oats succeeded here, also, with seejs, ;
It the oat crop did not prove half so productive ^
y »v here as on the part boned ; anil the clover

8 still more inferior, and mowed only once, the

cond crop not being considered worth mowing,

e the part boned, along side of it, was as much

could bo well mown."

islactiuii iif lating bread nusod by oiic'm o» i, labor
is not small ; and varioui unci important moral in-
lluencos, which I shall not now discuss, render it
allogether desirable ; though in some cbbch the
same ammint of labor consume.! in their produc-
lion, if applied in other ways, would purchase a
larger amount of the same supplies. Though tlio
supply of our own great wants from our own farms,
might 8«em, however, in some cases, to bo n pecu.
niary tons, it is always in the end a mural pain,
with which tlie pocmiiary loss is not to bo put in
competition Colmnn's Survsy.

DOMESTIC ECONOMY. I

lo looking over my returns, I was struck with
remark of a man of much practical wisdom, and j
I of the best farmers in the Commonwealth. He :
s "that a farmer should produce upon his farm j
those supplies for his family which the farm j
1 be made to yield." In his case, this is done i
thin doors and without ; for there the spinning i
eel has not forgotten to turn round, nor the |
ittlc to speed its flight. In this cottage, whose j
it and beautiful arrangements cannot be sur- j
sed, the clothing, the bedding, and the carpet- |
were all the product of their own fields and :
:ks. I shall not soon forget the unpretending
1 hearty hospitality of these enviable dwellings.
Qve slept many a time under a silken canopy,
trodden many a carpet as soft as the pride of
tern lu.xury could make it ; but never with any
ig like the sentiment of honest pride and inde-
dencu with which I saw here the floors spread
1 carpets made from their own flocks, which for
•ness and beauty tlie foot of a princess need not
in ; and on a cold night slept in woollen sheets
m their own looms, as soft as the shawls- of Cash-
e; and wiped my face with towels spun with
r own hands from their own fla.x, of a whiteness
-ansparent and delicate as the drifted snoiv. In
1 beautiful examples of domestic management,
delightful to see with how limited means the
. comforts and luxuries of life may be purchas-
Nor were these instances few. The county
lerkshire abounds with examples of this domes-
:oiiifort and independence. Much to be re-
ted will be the change which has already in-
;d many parts of the State, when under the
cnce of superior cheapness, these household
iC3 shall give place to the more showy but
sy products of foreign industry ; and the healthy
cise of domestic labor and household cares
I 1 be deemed degrading in our wives and daugh-
and exchanged for the idleness and frivol, ties
ride and luxury.

agree entirely in the sentiment above express-
:hat every farmer should, as far as possible,
ily the wants of his family from his own farm,
ihould supply himself with bread, meat, vegeta-
, milk, butter, cheese and clothing, as far as
"arm can be made to do it. He can almost al-
s do It at a less expense than he can purchase
9 supplies. The labor requisite for this pur-
may often be given at times when it would
>thcrwi.se be occupied ; and by hands for which
i might otherwise be no employment. The
ment of self-respect and eelf-dependance in-
' !| id by such a course, is a great gain. The sat-

Froin ths Now Gcneseo Fartner.

HINTS FOR THE MONTH.

Sowing wheal is the most important operation to
most farmers during this month (Sept.) It is a
matter of some consrquence whether the cultivator
obtains ten or thirty bushels nt next harvest.

Let the business then be done right. Above
all, do not sow after wheat of this year. Many of
the missing crops this season resulted from this
practice.

Plow deep at least once, where the soil will ad-
mit of it If subsoil plowing cannot bo practiced,
come as near to it as you can. A large portion
of the subsoil of Western New York, as well as of
other places, contains a portion ot marl (lime,) and
mixing it with the rest of the soil, is one nf the
very best ways of applying this manure. Indepen-
dently of this, deep plowing is very useful.

Plow evenly and turn narrow furrows. This is
the only way to do the right thing.

Get the best seed you can find in all the country,
even if it does cost a little more. Let your seed
be as clean as possible, as it is exceedingly foolish
to take such pains to plow and prepare your fine
land for wheal, and then go and sow cockle, chess,
and such wretched stulT for a crop.

Lastly, plow in your wlicut witli a light plow,
leaving it rough just iis the plow leaves it. At
least try ihe practice. We have known it to suc-
ceed admirably. .•\nd do not forget the well clean-
ed surface furrows for draining, where they are
wanted.

Cut up corn this month as soon as it becomes
hard, that the fodder may be well saved. The ri-
pening process will bo fully complete by the nour-
ishment afterwards derived from the stalks. Never
mutilate corn by lopping it.

Let your hogs begin to have the dropping ap-
ples from the orchard, and they will fatten rapidly.

Never feed unground grain of any kind, to hogs.
Let your swill or hog porridge be fermented, if you
cannot boil it — to do which you mu.st have two
swill tubs or barrels, feeding from one while the
other is fermenting. But extensive hog farmers
should always boil the food.

Keep every thing in first rate order — cattle in
good keeping and fine condition — horses lively, and
not over-worked nor under-fed — calves fat and
growing, so that they may winter well — and every
thing else in equal style — and finally, pursue the
maxim of the distinguished classical American
statesman — " He sure you 're right, then GO
AHEAD."

Our wealth is often a snare to ourselves, and al-
ways a temptation to others.

All infallible receipts for the cure of diseases,
are infallible nonsense.

FOOI'.ROT IN SHEEP.

An intelligent and successful wool-grower in-
forms lis of the method by which ho entirely pre-
ventH the inroads of this diHCose.

It is known that the ciiei-p, when removed from
Its native mountaiiin and rocks, to thcsolt and luxu-
riont pastures, no longer has its hoofs worn away
as in u state of nature, by which as they grow they
are preserved fresh and sound ; but tlio outer part,
which is naturally intended to support tho weight
of the animal, grows out of all liuiiiids, until it laps
more or less over the side, and retains the accumu-
lated earth and filth which collects within. From
this the disease originates.

According to our informant, by repeatfdly par-
ing off this crest of the hoof, as often as necessary,
the disease is effectually prevented. Whire it has
already made progress, somelhiug more is neces-
sary, as the application of turpentine, or tar, with
cauterization, the disease being very similar in na-
ture to the " foul in the foot" in cattle, which is
successfully treated by rubbing a hot iron rod with
tar between the hoofs. Although it had made such
progress in the flocks of our informant, as to cause
indirectly the loss of several hundred sheep, yet ho
succeeded after a year or two of careful attention,
in removing it entirely,

He thinks it rarely reaches that degree of ma-
lignancy described by European writers, by whom
it is represented to become contagious, and occa-
sion directly the destruction of the animal ; or at
least that several years would be required to pro-
duce such a result; death appearing here to be
caused by the severity of winter operating on weak-
ened and emaciated animals affected by the dis-
ease.— Gentsee Far.

LIME IN AGRICULTURE.

A very interesting paper was recently read be-
fore the members of the Lyceum of Natural Histo-
ry in New York, by Wm. Partridge, Esq., on the
proper application of lime to agricultural purposes.
.Mr Partridge maintains that the common practice
of burning lime before using it on land, is foqnded
in error, and that the limestone ought to be ground
instead of burned. Mr Partridge says that in
burning the stone, two materials essential to agri-
cultural productiveness are driven off, namely : its
water and carbonate gas ; and ho ascribes to this
circumstance the fact, that during the first year the
good e fleets of the lime arc not observable. He
adds, that as the lime returns gradually to its for-
mer state of carbonated hydrate, its fertilizing pro-
perties are evolved Mr Partridge adduces some
facts, whicli seem strongly to favor his theory. An
experimental trial of the plan would be desirable
in this country.

Corn Cob Fetd. — The best way to dispose of
cobs, IS of course to grind them with the corn. But
we observe two substitutes which have been suc-
cessfully made use of. One is to soak the cobs
in a half hogshead of brine, when the cattle eager-
ly thrust in their noses and devour them. 'I'he
other, and bettor way, is to boil them. One far-
mer says he would as soon throw away his fodder
as his cobs, — Genesee Far.

If he could only enjoy himself in proportion to his
means, what a happy old fellow John Jacob Aslor
would be. His income is over $4,000 a day.

100

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

PUMICE OF APPLES AS A MANURE.

Pumice, or the pulp of apples from the cider-
press, may be made a good manure for corn or
Trass, by bein" worked up by hogs. In its crude
stale it is of no value in agrlcuUnro, as it contains
loo large a portion of acid to fertilize; but worked
by hogs and incorporated and compounded with tlie
rich inanure, which swine deposit among it, it be-
comes a rich fertilizer, and answers a valuable pur-
pose to put into the hills of Indian corn, or to
spread on grass ground.

rickjusly taken, will lo-se one third of its original
weight in twelve months. — Ibid.

RECEIPT FOR BURNING CLAY.
Any fort of clay will do for ashes, but that of a
reddish color is accounted the best for that purpose.
Dig your clay with a spade in epUs, of the big-
ness of ordinary bricks ; dig two, three, eight, tun,
or twenty loads of clay, more or less, as you please ;
take small billets of wood, or faggots of brush,
pile it up in the form ot a pyramid or sugar loaf,
three or four feet high, then take these spits of

read on grass yiuun". i.n^i- «. .v-... ■■■>,■■,

It is well known to farmers, that our old lands, clay, after they are dried in the sun, surround your

.... -._ *_ L- ....n.. «n _M- _r 1 ...:•!. tl.^r^ l.^.-lnn- *t,lim pln.;** in t llf

worn down by tillage, require to be annually re
cruiled by manure. I wish to invite their atten-
tion to this arliclc, which is by many thrown away
into roads or rivers, as useless, persuadi-d that lind-
ing the value of it, they will not sufter it to be lost.
"For many years past, I have hauled several loads
of pumice from a neigliboring cider-mill into my
hof's-yard, in autumn, sometimes adding the sward
or'top of the ground taken from the sides of roads.
The pumice made from early cider, will be good
dressing for corn the following spring. After the
yard is cleared at that season, I cart in a supply
for the summer, and in the fall it may bo carried
into the field and the yard be again replenished
from the cider-mill. It is best to take it from the
presses, as soon as the pressing is finished, and be-
fore fermentation begins, as the hogs will then
greedily eat the pulp of sweet apples, and tlie
seeds ; the viscous quality of the latter, affords con-
siderable nourishment.

As hogs are most fond of corn, it is proper that
those voracious animals should perform some pari
of the labor necessary to produce it. Let farmers
set their hogs at this work, and they will mnnnfac-
turc an article of no value in its simple slate, into
profitable manure ; and some thousands of bushels
of corn will be added annually to the stock of grain
raised in the New England Slates. — Eliot's Essays
on Field Hushandnj.

SALTING MILK.
To prevent that rancid, nauseous flavor, which

pile of wood with them, laying them close to the
wood, laying them one upon another, till ynu have |
enclosed the pile of wood, only leaving a lioh; on
the side to put in the fire, and a hole on the lop
to make a draught; then surround again with spits
of clay from lop to bottom, as before, and then
again a third laying in the same order; then kin-
dle your fire ; when it is well got on fire, stop up
the holes wiili clay; the innate heat will fire the
clay till it grow go hot that you may put on wet
clay in great quantities; but you must mind not to
put on clay so fast or lay it so close as to put out
your fire, for if you do so, you must begin all
anew. If you desire to burn so much clay as that
the heap grows so high that you cannot reach to
lay it up, you may build a stago with boards, by
which you may advance to as great a height ns
you please. The pile must be watched and tend-
ed night and day, till it is fully burnt.

The author of the book out of which this receipt
is taken, very much commends clay ashes, and tells
what is a comfortable hearing, which is, that forty
bushels of these ashes is a full dressing for an acre
of land.

The reader must take this upon trust ; if true, it
will make well for Hartford, VVethersfield, and
those towns which abound in clay.

It may be tried with a very little cost. By
wet clay, above named, wo are to understand clay
in its natural moist state, as it is taken from the

nit. I suppose that to burn large quantities of

To orevent mat ranciu, nnuseoua uumi, .vii.1,11 i"" » 11 r' ' ,

is too 0 ten prevalent in cheeses, even when made clay at once in one pile, will be both cheaper and

of the richest milk, and which otherwise would be hotter performed, than when burnt in small heaps.

delicious, salt the milk as soon as it is taken from
the cows. I mean the evening's milk, which is
kept in pans during the night, in order to be mixed
with the new morning's milk. The quantity of
salt used on this occasion, is about a tablespoonful
to each gallon of milk, and is generally sprinkled
on the bottom of the pan, and the milk poured up-
on the salt, and they soon become incorporated. —
This early salting has enabled many dairy-women,
whose cheese was before always hoven and detest-
ably rank, now to produce excellent well flavored
cheese, and on farms that had been pronounced to-
tally unlit for the dairy system. To this small por-
tion of salt, various good etTcrta are attributed by
those who use it; they say it prevents the milk
from souring, in the hottest nights ; that it encoura-
ges coagulation, and very much promotes the sepa-
ration of the curd from the whey, which js a great
savin". All dairywomen ought also to know, that
it is u false idea and a loss instead of a gain to the
proprietor, to rob cheese of a single particle of
butter; and for these two reasons — because a pint
of cream will produce more than treble the quanti-
ty of curd that a pint of skimmed milk will give :
and because a cheese, with all the butter left in it,
will lose very little of its weight by keeping,
whereas that from which the butter has been ova-

—Ibii.

From the Western Farmer.

HOW CAN TOMATOES BE PRESERVED ?
Mr Snow — Among the many valuable directions
you have provided for your readers, 1 do not ob-
serve any as to the best mode of putting up and
preserving Tomatoes for winter's use. This is a
vpifetable that, for both health and taste, has re-
cently become quite a favorite dish here. So far
as I know, very little care has been taken in this
section to preserve them. Indeed, so little atten-
tion has been given to their preservation, that many
think they can have them no longer than during
the season of their growth. They are easily rais-
ed, produce abundantly, and, after a liltlo use, all
declare ihcni to be a rich treat. Their ])resence
upon the table at any, or even with all meals of
the day, is quite acceptable.

A notice from you ot this time, as to the best
mode of putting them up for winter, would be of
service to at least one of your readers.

Yours, &c., P. B. T.

Jlnsirtr by the Editor.
The Tomato has long been known and used for

SEPT. 29, ISll.

culinary purposes in many portions of EuropeJ
France, Italy, Germany, Holland, and within a ff
years has become a general favorite in this coij
try.

Dr. Bennett, a medical professor in one of
colleges, ci nsiders it an invaluable article of dL
He ascribes to it high medical properties, and 1
cisres,

" Ist. That it (the tomato) is one of the
powerful deobstruenls of the .Valeria Medica,
that in all of those affections of the liver and otl)
organs where calomel is indicated, it is probaB
the most effective and least harmful remedial aj
known in the profession.

"2d. That a chemical extract will be obtair
1 from it, which will altogether supersede the use!
I calomel in the cure of disease. 1

:5d. That he has successfully treated Bcriooij

diarrhoia with this article alone. i

"4lh. That when used as an article of diet, itii

almost a sovereign remedy for dyspepsia or nidi I

gestion.

",5th. That persons removing from the east
north to the south or west, should by all mel
make use of it as an aliment, as it would in
event save them from the danger attendant uf
those violent bilious attacks to which almost all
acclimated persons are liable.

"Glh. That the citizens in ordinary should ml
use of it either raw, cooked, or in the form ofj
catsup, with their daily food, as it is the
healthy article in the Materia .'Itmentaria."

Professor Rafinesque, of France, says: "III I
everywhere deemed a very healthy vegetable, ao^l
an invaluable article of food."

Professor Dickens writes: "I think it iiior
wholesome than any other acid sauce."

Professor Dungleson says : " It may be c

upon as one of the most wholesome and \: b,
esculents that belong to the vegetable kinjiom.
It is considered efficient in curing indiL'olio
and diseases of the liver and lungs. A writer i
the Farmor's Register says, it has been irn .1 b
several persons, to his knowledge, with ili :iid»
success. They were afflicted with chronic cjugl
the primary cause of which in one case was sup
posed to be diseased liver — in another, distMe
hiugs. It mitigates, and sometimes elV. ' "ill.
checks, a fit of cough. It was used in a dry fUli
with a little sugar mixed with it, to render i; inor
agreeable to the taste. The writer exyn^^en
conviction, that if freely used in August and Sep
lember, it would prove a complete antidote to bi
ious fevers.

Various are the methods which have been inst
luted for preparing this article for diet, which adt
to the variety of taste and renders it in some 01
of its forms, agreeable to every individual. V\
give the various recipes that have come under 01
observation :

Daily use of the Tomato. Cut up with -
gar and pepper, as you do cucumbers, aiu! '
as fast as you can.

How to Stew Tomatoes. Take your Ion
the vine, ripe ; slice up, put in the pot ov(
without water ; stew them slow, and «
put in a small lump of butler, and eat ll^ \ "" c
applesauce. If you choose, a little crumb .1 bret.
or pulverized crackers may be added. \\li;il y«
have left, put away in ajar for winter.

Tomato Omelet. When stewed, beat u|. .1 In
dozen new laid eggs, the yolk and while srparal*

1

w . ^ V. JIO. »».

AND H O R T I C U L T U R A L R i: C I S T \: R

101

:ii oucli arc well beaten, mix tliein with tijo to-
u — put tlicin ill a pan and beat tliciii up ; yuti
C a lino oiiiek't.

Ta Ktrp Ihern Iht Ytnr Jtuund. Take thcin lull
, and Hcald in liot water, to facilitate the opcrn-
of takinr; off the skin; when skinned, boil well
little iiU);ar and salt, but no water, and then
^ad ill cakes abuiit an ei^'hth ut' an inch thick
ho sun. Tiicy will dry enough in ihree or fiiur
» to pack awcy in bag;), wiiich should hang in
y room.

/' ir (o PUklc TonaUes. Pick them when they
ripe. Put them in layers in a jar, with garlicks,
lard seed, horse radish, spice^j, &.c. as you like,
ii; up the jar ; occasionally putting a little fine
proportionally to the quantity laid down, and
:h is intended to preserve the tomato. When
|ar is lull, pour on the tomatoes cold cider vinc-
(it must be pure) till all is covered, and then
; up tight and set away for winter,
"o Makt Tomato Pnscrrci. Take them while
e small and green — put them in cold clarified
p. with an orange cut in slices to every two
ids of tomatoes. Simmer them over a slow
for two or three hours. There should be ci)ual
,'ht3 of sugar and tomatoes. If very superior
erves are wonted, allow (wo fresh lemons to
3 pounds of tomatoes — pare thin the rind of the
ins, so as to get none of the white part ; squeeze
he juice, mix the parings, juice and cold water
.;ieiit to cover the tomatoes, and put in a few
h leaves and powdered ginger tied up in bags.
the whole gently for three fourths of an hour,
up the tomatoes, strain the liquor, and put
it a pound and a half of while sugar for each
id of tomatoes. Put in the tomatoes and boil
1 gently till the syrup appears to have entered
In the course of a week, turn the syrup
them, heat it scalding hot, and turn it on to
■omatoes. Prepared in this way, they resem-
i^est India sweetmeats.

iE CELEBR.\TED COW "BLOSSOM."

le Editor of the Fiitmcr's Cabinet ;

EAR Sir — At your request, I send you a state-

of my Durham cow Blosso.m, her milking.

Unfortunately, her calving so late as she has,
last year and this, has thrown the trial into
1 weather, which is against her, particularly in
ield of butter, as, for want of a spring house,
lave to keep our milk in a cellar. Vou will
;ive there is a great gain over last year in the
•r, more than the increase of milk would war-
whicli 1 consider mainly attributable to the
being made rather earlier in the season and
leather cooler at the time : you may remember
ited last year, that with cooler weather or a
g house, I had no doubt there would have

several pounds more butter.
LSt year, one month from calving,' Blossom

for the week '.i-17 i -2 quarts, being over 3.>
.3 per day, which made l:) 1-1 lbs. well-worked
r. This summer, near two months after calv-
she gave in one week '^53 1-"J quarts, being
liO quarts per day, which yielded 17 1-4 lbs.
perior butter, which was well worked before
hing ; the milk, also, was never measured un-
ter the froth settled.

3 satisfy myself os well as a number of my
ds, I had intended to try her for a week in the
nonlli from calving, but the intense heat and
ght coming on, I considered it would not be

doing her justice to give her a trial at that liiiio : I
had her milk measured mi the l.'lth of July, (bein;;
the -Itli nidiitli from calving,) mnl tliu yield was a.i
tbilowa : — Morning, V2 l-'J quarts — Noun, 11 I'-i do.

— Evening, II do 'i'otal, 35 (pmrls. Which

quantity I have not a doubt she would arorago for
a week, if the trial could be nmde earlier in the
se-ason ; and if nothing occurs, 1 hope to provo it
next year, as she will calve earlier in the spring.
During her trials, 1 never nwikc any diU'erence in
her keep ; she is fed as usual, and runs in the same
pasture with the other cows. Wo were as unsuc-
cessful as usual in ntteniptiiig to get her dry last
winter, as she gave lli quarts per day u|>to calving.
She had her first calf in April, 18.'W, and her sixth
on the 12th of last April, (having twins twice,) and
has never been dry during that time.
Very respcctluUy,

SAMUEL CAiN BY.

Blossom's Yietd of Milk for One ffttk.

1811. Morn'g. Aoon. Evtn'g. Total.

June 2d, V^\ qts. l'> qts. 10^ qts. ;!(j qts.

• 3d, 131- ' 12 ' II ' .3(U '
' 4th, 134 ' 12.L ' 104 ' ,3f;I '
' 5th, t3l ' 12" ' 11" ' \M:\ '

* 6th, 134 ' 12 ' JO^ ' St;' '
' 7th, 134 ' 22 ' 104 ' 36 '
' 8tl>, 134 ' 12 ' 10| ' 30 '

Total, 2.534 '
Being on an average over 36 quarts per day.
Il'oodaide, Jug. 5, 1841.

From the Farmer's Caliinel.

ROTATION OF CROPS.

The importance of a rotation of crops is indeed
a subject of vast moment. Do Candolle, the cele-
brated botanist, has discovered and verified by sat-
isfactory e.xperiiiient, that of the nutriment which
nil plants receive and digest, they exude an incon-
sumable or innutritivo portion by their roots, and
that this excreinentitious matter unfits or poisons
the soil for a second crop of the same kind, until it
is either consumed or neutralized by cultivation;
this very matter, however, proving nutritious to
other and different kinds of plants. And from
thence he argues that one crop of grain should not
be succeeded by another of the same description

wheat after wheat, oats after oats, &c. ; nor,
reasoning from analogy, ought wheat to follow oiits,
as they are too nearly allied in their natures, and
are supposed to feed on the same pabulum, both
al.';o coveting the same description of soil — that
which is cool and rather heavy. The fact above
stated fully accounts for the failure of the clover
crop, if sown often on the same land. The fibrous
rooted plants always succeed best after those that
arc tap-rooted ; hence arises the incalculably pro-
fitable system of the turnip husbandry in England,
by which they are enabled to raise crops of grain
of the finest quality and in almost double quantity ;
at the same time corrying forward the improvement
of the soil to an almost indefinite extent, to which
might be added, the means of supporting double
the quantity of stock of all kinds, by introducing
the different varieties of the roots, green crops for
soiling, forming a link in a system by which the
farmer is enabled to pay in rent, tithe, and taxes, a
sum which in almost every other country would be
found absolutely insupportable.

It is n rhnnixe ofrrnpa that we want — and by it
I sincerely belime tint we (•hould ho relieved from
one half the evils which now oHsnil us in the shape
of blight, smut, rust, iiiildow, ruutrot, stiMU, and a
dozen others, whoso very names would then bo
forgotten — a henllhij crop beinjr oftentimes proof
ugaiiiHi this host of pestilences ; and such a crop
goncrully springs from a well-cultivated, unexhaust-
ed soil, not, however, made rich by tlio immediate
application of. large quantities of rank inonure ;
lor, valuable as these may bo in forcing <in green
crops to be mown for hay or fodder, I am convinced
they are of great injury to the production of all
kinds of grain. J. SAUNDERS.

HEN-HOUSES.

To the Eiliior oflho New England Farmer :

Sir. — Will you, or some of your currcepondcnts,
who have had experience and iinderstaud the sub-
ject, bo so good as to give the public some infor-
mation through your valuable paper, as to the best
mode of constructing and arranging hen-houses and
their appurtenances, so that the fowls will lay free-
ly, and prefer the place fitted for them to stoleu
nests .^ SUBSCRIBER.

[We would be obliged to any one of our corres-
pondents or friends who will answer the above in-
quiries.— Ed.]

POULTRY.

When, says M. Bose, it is wished to have eggs
during the cold season, even in the dead of win-
ter, it is necessary to make the fowls roost over an
oven, in a stable, in a shed where many cattle are
ke|)t, or to erect a stove in the fowl house on pur-
pose. By such methods, the fiiriiiers of Auge have
chickens fit tor the tabic in the month of April, a
period when they are only beginning to be hatched
in the farms around Paris, although further to the
south. It would be desirable that staves in fowl
houses were more commonly known near great
towns, where luxury grudges no expense for the
convenience of having fresh eggs. It is worthy of
remark, that the Irish peasantry, whose poultry oc-
cupy at night a corner of the cabin, along with the
cow, pig, and the family, frequently lay very early
in consequence of the warmth of their night quar-
ters; and there can be no doubt that this is the
chief secret for having new laid eggs in winter,
paying at the same lime due attention to protect
the hens from wet, and to have them young, or at
least early in moulting. — From the Poultri/ Yard,
by Pder Roswell.

CURE FOR WARTS ON COWS.
I had a cow that had a large bunch of warts
grown under her udder, as large as the back of my
hand, and it kept increasing. I made a strong de-
coction of alum and water, and washed the part two
or three times a day ; in a short time it was as
clear as any part of the udder. I likewise have
had cows' loats so covered with warts that it was
difficult to milk them ; by applying the above de-
coction to the teats after milking morning and night,
tho warts soon dispersed. — English paper.

It should be a fixed principle, never to sufPcr the
soil to deteriorate; for, as it costs as much to cul-
tivate a soil producing only half a crop as a full
one, it is perfectly clear that it is the interest of
the cultivator to keep his land always in good heart.

102

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

5 KPT. 20, 1S4I

AMI HORTICt'LTUKAL RF.GISTER.

BoATON, Weusesdav, Septembeb 29, 1641.

A SUGAR-PLUM

; piich poing out evpry Siiliirdny willi ila inslructioiis up-
on husbandry. We liave already inemioned that Mr
Cole, recently editor of the furmer, will soon roinmence
a monthly, and report says thai Mr BucU minster, who
has edited the Cultivator, will Bhorlly start a now publi-
cation. With five papers devoted mainly to agriculture,
there nliould be much iirslruetion given and much (jood
accomplisherl.

Competition — genernus and honorable competition —

yOR THOSE WHO ESCHEW BOOK-JABM tSO

.... I ( •....„....„.! ,..o„<...inld« i is an unnricstionable c'lod The multiplication of work

Whenever Intea masses of virtuous and rehpcttauie i h i-

. , . . „ , ,„u: .„, „„j „li„w it devoted to the same r)l.jecls, renders Ihr. conductors ol

men cherish an opinion upon any subjecl, and allow il . , ■ , ri. i .i

, . , . „ I,. ,„c,„,l .n,i,e t e.ich more industrious nnd more careful to make their

t^iinduenco ihcir conduct, one insy alwayb lirid some' ^, . ,,•,,■ r i. .i

' ' . ,. , ■ m ...„„|,„ Cnr pub leation worthy ot public favor. It must be presuni-

plausibe reason for llieir curse.— Many worthy '•'f-,'^, , ., ,, , u c. j i

J^ . 1 • J „ ed that the community will be benefited by every new

iiid sound practical wisdom— ■',,. , , .

., ., .. ., r.,i c ,' work devoted to a sooil ohiert : and we know not that
idea that it is uselul lor t> J '

I the papers already issued are likely to be at till the less

iners — men of clear heads a
are disposer! to srre<*r at tl

them to spend their money in purnliasing, or llieir lime
in reading, such niatlcr as fills up the pages ofniosi agri.
cultural piiblicalioiis.— Now, jjentlemen, laste the plum,
livery ai.'ricultiiral newspaper contains riiuoli advice
which if followed would undoubl-dly lead you into ru-
inous experiments. So miirh sugar— but the sugar is
only a coaiinn; over something else. What else? A
bitter pill .' Taste and see.

You, farmers, hiive some trains — some common sense.

well supported in coii&erjuence of the establishment of
others

Tilt; TMIUD MIXIIANICS' EXHIBITION
Was liad in Faneuil and (iuincy Hulls during the

ast week, and will be continued into the present one

as fur as is needful to gratify those who wish to see this

extensive and rich [colleition of the productions of an
some discretion ; and the editors knowing this, trust | and science, skill and taste.

Ihat you will jodge for yourselves— that each one of you I The prolusion in the halls is so great, that more lime
will iud"e what is applicable to hia own soil and cir- , than we have been able to coniinind, v\as needed to
eumslances. The advice, mui;h of it at least, rs given I notice particular objects with any minuteness. The in-
not for universal -ipplication, but to be used only under i genuity and skill of man as there manifested, fill the
its appropriate ciKumstancos Much that does good to | soul with scniiinenls of wonder. Well may the me-
the inun who tills pine plains, is unsuited to him viho | chanics of our neighborhood unblushirigly call attention
works upon clay «»ils. Many things which wo would I to the works of iheir hands.

have the (ilHuetitlTy, the neeily must not yet attempt — Wethillnot describe any department excepting our
Wc prepare dnlhes for many different palates, and when most appropriate one ; and even there we shall say only
the food does not suit your palate, remember that some | a word — The forks, shovels, &c. were of beautiful
one else may like il. ! workmanship ; the seed-sowers were numerous and of i cording the results of their liibors anil exaniinatioi

I'hiinly, the substance of the whole mailer lies here : i e.\ceedingly various construction. But the principal our pages. Though we design to make this an i
we most admit into our columns the facts and opinions [ „h„w in nnr eve was the plows by Prouty & Jlcars a.,d ""'"l rather than a horliculiural papor, yet the lu
furnished by many different intelligent and observing i by Ruggles, Nourse & Mason. No other manufacturer such connection, that neither can be fully .li
cultivators. They furni-h statements and advice widely | exhibited any, and of course these are the only ones [ without embracing much that pertains to the olli.
varied and oflrn contradictory. But the statements of Uhat come into competition; and on such an occasion
one may be useful to liirii who lives on the (jreen Moiiri- | „|i ,h„( pan be well regariled by judges is the skill mani-
tuios — while the very different commiinicatioiis of iinolh- fasted in the mechanism — the finish of the implement;
er, may bo valuable to the cultivators dovn the Cape, i f|,f ^e presume that no one woulil set any high value
We strive to eollcctsoinething suited tocvery soil, crop, upon his own opinion of the work which tins iinple-
and conilition — and all that we expect from our readers ment would perform, unless ho had an opportunity to
is, that they will gather up hinis from what they Tcail, jpe it in operation. The impletncnts exhibited by each
and w lien a f.ivorable opportunity pnsents, use the hints gf the above named firms, were of beautiful workman-

by dint of hard riding, we brought ourself " in at III
death" — or, in other words, we were at the dinner'
Concert Hall, on Friday, where the tables wen- rich
loaded, not merely with an abundance of tiu:Li<i.5
their accompaniments, but with the finest fruits ot . vc '
kind. While the palate and the eye were feasting' up.,
pleasur>-, the mind was not left unfed, for Beritiiiietl
and ofT-hand S()eecbes, appropriate and spirited, wi
furnished in profusion. — One thing was wanting : — \
mean that the Fairtir of earth's ornaments might ht
appropriately graced the tables spread in honor of t
fruits and flowers — or rather, as we trust, in hi. or
Him who sweetens and paints these contribuioiw i i o
jovs — In our next number we shall\lurnish iIm id
ments and reports of the speeches.

THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Our columns have long been the organ through wl
the reports of this Society hava bei'n made public,
are well aware that some of our readeis find the wed
reports all Greek to them — unintelligible or usele*
Such farmers as are paying no particular attentio
fruits, will of course prefer that the space filled by j
names of apples, peaches, plums, and the like, shij
be devoted to matter from which they could deiivell
struciion. On the otli-ir hand, these reports, lo th* |
who study them, make known the best vanities
fruits and their most succes^ful cultivators. Instruo
is, more or less directly, obtained from this Socil
which benefits the inhabitants of remote towns and «|
lages. Better fruits are found scattered widely tliroiij I
New England, in consequence of the labors of these (
ciated hoiticulturists. .'Vnd when their good influe
are remembered, uc trust that no one will wish
deny iliera the privilege they have long enjoyed, ol

every farm there is, or should be, a garden and
ard ; and if so, th^' lUrmrr rn eds ^olrle lioiliiiiliiir
formation. Il it be practical, »e hope, in u l>u \
to make nrrangcments which shall bring in ii i
siruction i^pon fruits, and less of the dry statislK'"

THE CAT TLE SHOW

Of the Worcester County Agriculliirnl So. :
in connexion with tli-ir own operations. And we aflirm , ghip^ and si nearly alike that we are not mechanic I tni(e plme at Worcester on the 13th of Oclobir

diBiinctly our belief that there is not one among ilio enough to say which Is tlie superior. Thn plows by

many agricultural papers of the land, which if faithfully Prouty & Mecrs are apparently precisely like those] ExiR.scT—A-ricullure is the oldest ait ol' wli
looked over, would not furnish any farmer whatever , i|,cy exhibited at Worcester last autumn; but 'l>o»o nf ' have any uicorjnl. Its inventor was God. \U
with information that he could make more money out ,|,e other company are, as we '''ink, of a somewhat dif- ^^^^^ _,^j ^„_^,,,^;,.,i^^ „^^ .^ ,,^^ ,,j/,l^

■•- "' "" "•—""'■'" fcrent model from those put in by them for trial at that If „„;„„„,„, „„i,^^„ll„„^;^,y ^ j, „„„„,„„

lime. Judging mer.ly from Uie appearance of ll'« j jucive lo health, and more intimately allied w,,
plows, wo should expect bettor work and a """ r"" ! gion and mo; ality than any oilier. Il is irnpori,,
from tliose now exhibited, than fromthe ones tried at „,„, ;, should be well understood. Inquiries i
Worcester. The mould-board is longer than we notice principles will disclose vast riches for iho niii..l

of than the paper coals — You may very reasonably
laugh at the man who attempls to farm strictly by ho»lc.
But books may help a man lo some new and valuable
thoughts and supgestions, which he will find il for his
advantage to reg.ird. Whoever lakes hints and by tlieiii
improves even a little upr.n his old plans and operations

bn I

1 re!
1 Iht

on any other cast iron plow, and this, though it "'») iij,|„ j,,, and vast resources for physical happin.•^s. Il

that man makes all the use of our productions which we ,||g|„|y increase the friction, is yet desirable for use in „oi|,i„g comes by chance, as there is a cause, a Uw»
desire that he should. Such book-farming is not very •, ,....„ .i..., . :„ .i.„ ....:., .„ : :j.

desire

ridiculous ; or if it is, then let ridicule come. — Now for
the pill. Thai iniio who thinks that nothing contained
in books can make him a belter farmer, deserves to be
laughed ut for his consummate stif-sufliciency.

many soils

A FLOOD OF LIGHT.

ANNUAL E.XHIBITION OF THE MASSACHU-
SETTS HOIITICULTUKAL SOCIETY.
Report tells us lhat the display of fruits and flowers at
the exhibition of this Society last week, excited llio ad-
miration of sll beholders. The beauty and richness of

If the tillers of the earth around our city shall be long the show, havo been the constant themes of cofiverea. ol li'» lanJ'- _ *i"fy man should certainly be !
unenlightened, upon any mutters relating lo their call- I jion. — Necessary avocations abroad from the city, dc-
ing, it will not be owing to the paur-ily of agricultural priv^d us of ihe pleasure of visiting the Society's roo'iis
papers. In addition lo our own ireekly, there have I ^y|,||g iip^oratcd with the fairest gills of Flora and en-
becn for years the Yankee Farmer and the Cultivalo 1 riched by the most delicious bounties of Pomona ;-but \ unproductive, would be prolific in ferliliiy.

every thing that occurs in the universe, the )ii'|iiirfc
cultivator of the soil may trace those laws, and ;ih< •-
correctly iho theory of nature in the produi umi
reproduction of plants; and when ho proseciiiij i
interesling inquiries, he will be making; himselt i -
lific, or natural farmer, and enabling liim.'^iir I^
knowledge thus gained, to greatly increase llo | r '

mlgl
ly acquainted with the fundnmenlBl principles ol' k-
own business; and if this were the case with our fr
mers generally, how much of iheir land now stonic I

I'oi.. ^x Mt. 1 I

A N D H 0 R T I C r L T V \l A \. R F. 0 I S 'I' K R

103

\V1U)LKSAI,K PKU KS rlKKKNT.

Corrrclcii irith g-rrnt iMrf. wtekly.
EPS. Hfnls C.rns*, 9« liusli-l, vcrv lilllc in mnrkct.
Top, 50 10 9$ c«nts. Clover — S'urlhcrn, 13c. — Soiiili-
10 c. Klax ScctI, •! 31 to I SO liu. Lucerne, :23 c.

OUR. The siles this week hnte been rery lioiiteil,
iriccs have Jeclincjl 37 l-4c. per h»rrel since our lu'l
I'hi- supplies hnve liceninndenile until lu ilny, when
K h.ive lu'cn coinidoni'ilc. MoilcrBtc soles Griic-
ommon (•ranils, *6 CJ ; l-'ancy G 7S. The lariie receiv-
Ooiiesee evince no aiixictjr lo sell, ami are storing raih-
hinil lo lower rales Southern is ilull. The only
liclioiis Bie SOU hhls. Philadelphia, at t6 1-0, 90 days;
rcttown, 6 62, 4 inus. The best bmmU of the
are h<-ld at higher rales. 350 bbls. Ballimciro City

rnnn brand, 97, A nios. cr.
.AIN. — Haltimorc Howard Street $« 73— Genesee «6-
6 7.".— Ohio ts 75— Indian Mcnl «J 50. Corn — North-
7S— llound >ellow 70— Southern l'"lut Yfl-
drt-a. — Rye— Northern 7S to SO— Oats— Soulh-
J— Northern 02 to 54. |
OVISIONS. The transoations in Bcefand Pork have
xlreuit'.y limited, and prices being uliogetbcr unsettled,
ons are in a great measure noniiuul. For Lard,
s rather an iiiiproved demaiid( with sales of several
d fce^s at 7 l-'2, and lOoO do in superior order, for
nnrki'i, at Sc per ll>.

— Mess, 4 mo bhi. nominal — do IVavy— $9 00—
«7 M a 7 50— Pork— Eitra clear, 4 mo. bl'il. 813 a 14
Clear S|2 50 a 13 00— do Mess Sio a II 00— do.
;.|1 a 9 0(>— do Mess from other Slates SIO a II 00—
me do ilo »3 00 a 9 00— Clear do do «I2 50 a 13 00
hipping 6c. a 12c.— do slore, uninspected 10 a
y l.i a IS— I.ard. No 1, Boston ins. 7 a 8— do
rn and Western, 6 a 7- Hams, Boston, 7 1 1 a 8 1 2
outhern and Western, 5 a 7— Cheese, Shipping and
1 a 6— do new milk, 5 a "•

, p.r ton. $18 lo 20- Eastern Screwed 614 10 16.
KSR— Old 11 c — NevrS.
;S, 1 1 a 16.

?L— There has been afairdemand for all descriptions,
es lo some extent have been made at prices corres-
• wil h ihe ran^e of oar quotations The stock of pul-
>1 is cousideranly diminished, while that of fleece has
ncreascd, but the supply of either description is not

Saxony Fleece.s, washed, lb. 48 a 50 c. — Amer-

II Mo >,l, do 43 a 47— Do 34do42 a44— Do. l-2do

1-4 and common do 33 a 3r,— Spanish sheep, RF

a — Sinyroa Sheep, washed, 20 a 2S— Do. un-

Iil a 14— Bengasi do S a 10 — Saxony, clean, — a —

:\vres unpicked. 7 a 10 — do do picked, — a — Sn-

.No'nhern pulled lamb 42 a 43— iNo. 1 do. do. do. 37

2 do do do 26 a 30- No. 3 do do do 18 a 20.

ai.W!>.<'Allll'8k.TTii II«>li'riC'l l/l'L'HAl. ttOCIKi'V. i

NOTICK.

The Annual llreliiig of the Massnehusells llorlicultural ,
Society, will be helil at the Rooiri. No, 13 Treinnnt Row, '
on SA TIIKDA V ne.ii, the 2d of Uitober, at 1 1 o'clock, A. i
M. for the clio co of Ollicfrs lor the jear ensuing, viz. a
President, four Vice Presidents, a Tnasurer, a Currespoiiib
ing Secretary, a Recording Secnlnry, Professors of Holnny !
and Vegelahlu Physiology, Knioinolugy, and llorlicultural
Chemistry, an Execuiivo (j^oinniillec, and .'>iiipding Com-
iniltccs on Fruits, Flowers, ProdiMs of Kitchen Garden,
Synonyms of Fruits, Library, and Fiiianee

Sept. 29, 1841. F.. M. RlCH.AllDS, Rec. Sec.

WANTKD,

In a desirable situation near New York, a trusty man
who underatands gardening, to lake charge of a country
place of small exleul. — A iiuirried ni.in would be preferred.
I'ndouliied references wonld be expecled. Apply to S. G.
WARD A: CO. 92 Stalest., corner Merchants' Row.

Sept. 29 lw»

UTO.M MARKKT.— Mo.>n»i,Sept. 27, 1841.

Rr|>nrlF<) for llie New Ensliinil F«riner.
larket 525 Beel Cattle, 450 Stores, 3,550 Sheep
I Swine.

r.».— Beef Cattle. — Sale quick, and last week's

jlly sustained, viz: — First quality, $5 50 a G 0).

quality, $5 00 a 5 25. Thiid quality $3 50 a

». — Former prices fully ttislained. Twoyear old
Three year old, .5:14 a C2.

—Lots were sold from .$1 12, to $2 33.

- Lots to peddle, from 3 to 3 1-4 for sows, and
-4 for barrows At retail, 4 lo 5

THLRMO.METRICAL.
R«^IKirted for the New Rnfjlund Farmer,
of the riiermomeler at the (lardeiiof the proprie
ew England Farmer, Brighton, Masa. in a eha
y exposure, week ending Sept. 26.

tors
shaded

1S41. I 5.A..M. I 12,M. I 7,P.M. I Wind.

Jay,

26

1 ^^

rs

52

1 »s

70

61

1 55

67

69

1 89

73

66 1

1 ^-

70

6'.. 1

69

77

67 1

1 S4

CO

63 1

E.

S. E.

E.

E.

E.

E.

W.

GRIXDSTONES.

ensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstones
yon hand and for sale by A.MMl C. LOMBAKli
13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. 17.

STRAVl'liEKRIBS I STRAWIIISRRIES 1 I

The subscriber would olTer lo the )>nblic, the present
season, his Selected Collcclion, consisting of scccn varielies;
they are such as have stood the test "of a fuir trial lor
siren yciirs, and all grown by the subscriber.

Warrm's Steding JUclhrcn, a new and valuable kind, a
free bearer, fruit very large and juicy ; fruit measuring 5 i-i
inches have been exhibiied the nresent season. This va-
riety can he warranted to be one of the finest varieties grown,
and will produce as fine fruit and as larie quanlily, with
the same cultivation, as any other ever ofl'ered. The (rice
of this Seedling is S3 00 per hundred plants.

.'Mclhrni Caslte.— Fruit extremely birge, high fluvorc 1
and showT; specimens of this fruit have hecn shown this
season six inches in circumferuncc. Price three dollars per
hundred plants.

Keen's Seedling'. — A very superior variety, fruit very
large, rich dark color, and uncommonly high flavoied.
Price three dollars per hundred.

tioyal Scarlet. — Fruit long oval shaped and juicy, very
free bearer, and very hardy. Price two dollars.

Hnulbois. — Fruit larger than fnglish Wood, exceedingly
numerous, sometimes yielding 100 berries lo the plant.—
Price two dollars.

Early Virginia — This is known to be the earliest and
best fruit lor market, a free bearer and very hardy. Price
two dollars

Engli.ih llboJ— Fruit well known for years. Price one
dollar.

Every plant sent from this garden will he warranted to b;
free from mixuires, and shall also he young and healthy,
worth the price paid for them.

All orders directed lolhe subscriber, inclosing the amount
for the order, or with a good reference, shall he promptly at-
tended to, an. I the planis forwarded agreeably to directions.
Orders can also he left in the suhscrilicr's box, at JOSEPH
BKECK &. CO'S Seed Warehouse.

JAMES L. L. F. WARREN.

Aug. 11. eopisim A'onantum Vale, Brighton.

WILLIS'S LATEST lAIPROVED VEGBTABLF!
CUTTKR.

This machine surpa.ss«s all others for the purpose of cut-
ting Rula Baga, Jiangel Wurlzel, and other roots The
great objection to other machines, is their culling the roots
into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the cnitle
lo get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into Urge or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient lor ihe cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from
one to two husheh ofrooUi jier minute.

For sale bv JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 52 North Market
Street, Bostoa. Sept. I

Al'i'l.li. i'AUKiiH.

}\>y\ received at ihc New Enitland Agriciilturat Ware-
hoiiKC, No 51 and 52 North Market Street, a good supply of
SliinUy't .Superior Apple t'urrrt, a very u>eful anicle. With
one of these machine% ii bushel of apples may be pared in
a v«ry short timo in the best |>o>iiible manner, and wilh great
saving nl ihe apple, as ihc outaido iiiny be taken ofTal any
r.nuired thickness. The nl.ove is also lor sale ai N. P. H
WILLI.S', No 45 Norlh Market Street, SCUDDEIt, COR-
DIS i. CO., and H0SMER4. TAPPAN, Milk Stmt.

Sept. I Cw JOSKPH UREi;K & CO.

PRINCR'S NL'RSERIKB AKD OAIinKKS.

The New Catalogues arc now ready (or dis-
Irihiition fi-ro/u to all who apply, /}o«/ /xii'cf, per
iiiiiil. They comprise an iinnn'nso assortment
ol Fruits and Oruamcnlal Trees, .Shrulihery,
uiul Plants, Bulbous Flower Routs, and Dahlias,
Grcn House Plants, Garden S^^eds, tc., all of which arc
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, lo WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will re-
ceive prompt attention. 4teow Sept! 8

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Monre's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the lime
of dnv in ihe garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK ^ CO., No 51 and 62 North Market St.

Sepl I.

ORKEN'S PATKNT STRAW COTTER.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. ai the New England Agricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and 52 North Mar-
ket Slrcel, have for sale. Green's Patent Str,iw, Hay and
Stalk Culler, operating on a iiiechaniciil principle not before
applied to asy iniplemeiit for iliis purpose. The most prom-
inent effecls of this application, and some of the consequent
peculiarities of the machine arc:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requisite
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sutlicient
lo work it elficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bush-
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed
by any oiher machine even when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whtch they
cut, require sltarpening less often than ihose of any other
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in general use to get nut of order.

ORIENTAL POPPY.

The best time for planting this magnificent Perennial, is
the present time. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Paeo-
ny Whilljcii, Humei, Rosea, Alhicans, Tenufolia. Hybrids,
Tartarica, Ike., from 50 cents lo 3l 00 per root.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 51 and 02
Norlh Market Street. ' Sept. 1

BULBOUS ROltTS.

The subscribers offers for sale a great variety of Paeoniea,
Lillys, Crown Imperials, and other Bulbous and fihrous
rooted planis which are most successfully planted in August.

Also, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Bulbous roots of
everv description. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Aug, II.

EDItlVND T. HASTI.VGS * CU.
Pare Sperm Oil.

No- 101 State St, keep conslaiiily for sale. Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of the bcdt quality and lo buru wilboiit
I crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. I, 1841. isly

L'ETANGLIME.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly lo their advantage lo try the St. George Co's.
L'Elang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID D.tVIS,
over the Hope Insurance Olfice, Stale 2>t., Boston.

Sepl. 8. 3m

104

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MISCELLANEOUS.

SHINGLING A HOUSE.
The now " reformed farmer" had fallen almost
asleep, it being nearly midnight, when he heard
the landlord's wfe say- ,^ ^^^^^ , h^rhardit i. f«r the very poor to have engendered

Till': HOME OF THE POOR.

There is much truth as well as deep feelintr, in
the following paragraph, which we extract from
Dickens's latest production :

"Oh! if those who rule the destinies of nations
would but remember thi?,— if they would but think

" I wish that man would go home, i
one to go to."

"Hush, hush!" says the landlord, "he 11 call tor
something else directly."

in their licarts that love of home from which all do-
mestic virtues .spring, when they live in dense and
squalid masses, where social decency is lost, or

..I wish he would make haste about it then, for | rather aever found-if tl.ey would but turn aside

it's time every hoaest person was in bed," sai.l the from the wide thoroughfare, and S;°^^ ";';;«^' """

■' strive to improve the wretched dwellings in byways,

wife.

"He '8 'taking the shingles off his house, and
puttiflg them on ours," said the landlord.

At "this James bejran to come to bis right senses,

1 prove .
when! only poverty may walk— many low roofs
would point more truly to the sky, than the loftiest
! steeple that now rears proudly up fioin the mid.st

nnrcommenc;;;rndri;^nglii.'^e3 and 'Stretching j of guilt, and crime, and horrible disease t^ nK>ck

- ' ■ ■ In hollow voices Irom woru-

himself as if ju.n awoke, saying, "I believe I 'll go '
"Don't be ifi a hurry, James," said the land

lord. , ■ , ,

" O yes, I must go," says James, " good night,

and off he started.

After an absence of some time tlie landlord met

and accosted him —

''Halloa, Jim, why haint you been down to see

U8?"

"Whyr' says James, "I had been taking shin-
gles off my house, and it began to leak ; so [ thought
it was tiine to stop tlie leak, and I have done it."

The tavern keeper was astonished, went home to
tell his wife all about it, and James ever since has
left rum alone, and attended to his own business.
He is now a happy man, and his wife and children
are happier than ever. — StleclcJ.

them by its contrary,
house, hospital, and jail, ll>i3 truth is preached from
day to day, and has been proclaimed for years. It
is no light nialler— no outcry from the working
vulvar, no mere question of the people's health and
couTforts that may be whistled down on Wednesday
nights. In love of home, the love of country has
its rise ; and who are truer patriots, or the best in
time of need— those who venerate the land, owning
its wood, and stream, and earth, and all that they
produce, or those who love their country, boasting
nut a fool of ground in all its wide domain?"

BEAUTIKUL EXTRACT.
The following beautiful extract is taken from
the Nsv.- Englaiid Weekly Review :

" War may stride over the land with the crush-
ing step of a giajftt.; pestilence may steal over it
like an invisible cfflrsc, reaching its victims silently
and unseen, unpeopling here a village and there a
city, until every dwelling is a sepulchre; famine
may brood over it with a long and weary visitation,
until tlie sky itself is brazen, and the beautiful
greenne.-s gives place to the parched desert — a
wide waste of unproductive desolation: — but these
are only physical 'evils. The wild flowers will
bloom in peace oti the field of battle, and above
the crushed skeleton ; the destroying angel of tho
pestilence will retire when the errand is done, and
the nation will again breathe freely, and the br^r-
rennesa of famine will cease at last ; the cloud
will be prodigal of its hoarded rain, and the wilder-
ness will blossom. But for moral desolation there
is no reviving spring. Let the moral and republi-
can principles of our country be abandoned — our
representatives bow in unconditional obsequious-
ness to individual dictatijn — let impudence, nnil
intrigue, and corruption, triumph over honesty and
intellect, an<l our liberties and .strength will depart
forever. Of these there can be no resuscitation.
The "abomination of desolation" will be fixed and
perpetual — and as the mighty fabric of our glory
totters into ruins, the nations of the earth will
mock at us in our overthrow, like the powers of
d;;rkni'BS, when the throned one of Babylon bccnuie
even as themselves, and the " glory of tho Chaldees"
had gone down forever."

AGKIClIL.TrR/VI. lalPLEMKSTS, &.O.

The I'ronrielnrs of li.e New Kngland Asricv.itural Wnrc-
housv am! Sei'd Store No. 61 and 52 Norlh Market streel,
would iiilorm tli*ir cubinmers and the puhlic generally that
ihev have on hand llie most eNtensive aesortmenl of Aijri-
eulluial nnd Hnrlicultnral Tools lo he found in ihe United
Slates, i'arl of which are the following :

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels.

i;;o ■' (.'ohiniou do.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH

Great iinprovemenls have lieen made the past yt
form and workmanship o( these Phiughs ; the nimild h
has lieen so furmed as lo lay the furrmr 'Ximiileti
(urniinf in every particle of frrass or slul'ble, and leann^^
ground in ilte best jiontible' manner. The lenplli
innuld lioar<l has Ix n Tery mueh jncreas-ed, »o i
Plough works Willi the greatest ease, liolh with respci
ihe holdin? anil the learn. The Commitlee at the lale
of Ploughs at Woreesler, say,

" Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Plo(
we should prefer lor use on a larm, we miphl perhaps 81
the inquirer, il your land is inokUy light and easy lo
try Prouly & Mears, hul if your land is heavy, hard or

BEGIN WITH Mn. HnWABD'S.''

At the aljove me't:oned trial the Howard Pl"ugh|
more work, uilh the same peuer of team, than any
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twcji
and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, »
Howard Plough tienied twcnlynine and one half :
the same potter of team ! All acknowledge Ihut I i
Ploughs are much the strongest and most sul -
made.

There has leen quite on improvement made on i
or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed
having lo furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise s«
I ihe mould hoard and landside together, and slrenglhei
I Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 loSir.. A PI)
sufTicienl for breaking up wiih four callle, will cost
SlO 60, and with cutter 61, with wheel and culler,
extra.

The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale nci.l
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Sr

000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Plo'ighs
300 Common do. Ho.
200 Cultivators.
100 (ireene's Straw Cutters.
60 Willis' do. do
1011 Common do. do
lUO Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
60 Common do d
2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutters
60 Common do. d

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 (Jraii! Cradles.
100 Ox Vokes.
1500 Doz- Scythe Stones.
3000 '• Auslin's Kiflcs.
March 17.

100 " Spades.
500 " Grass Scylhes.
300 " nlenl Snailhs.
200 " Common do.
6cio " Hay Knkes.
200 " Garden do.
200 " Manure Forks.
300 " Hay do.
501) Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.
,-,00 Tie up do.

50 doz. Halter do.
lOOO vsrds Fence do.

25 (5rind Stones on rollei^.

Nos. 61 & 52 North Jlarkel Sirecl. I'V
JO.SKPH

BRECK A ( f

FENCE CHAIKS.

Jusl received from England, 10,000 feet Cham -
for Fences or olher purposes. For sale I y J. I'!'
CO., No. 62 Norlh Market si.

LAOTOilIETBRS.

TVE IP CHAINS.

.Tust received by Pocket Coromanda, 600 Chains for tye-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced hy E. H. Dehbv, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. Jacques, for ibc purpose of securing cnltic lo ttio
stall, are found It he the safesl and most onivemeul nio<l«
of fastening cows and oxen to iho slanchimi.

For sale hy J. BRECK & CO., No, 62 North Market M.

If you would be remembered with gratitude by
posterity, transplant a few trees each year about

your dwelling.

DRAKT AND TnACK CHAINS.

Just received hv Packet Coromnndo,
400 pair Trace Chains, suilahle for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains, , „„^__ . ^„
200 " nr.fl Chains. For sale hy J. BRECK & CO.,
No. 62 North Market st^ ApnlJl

OIIINDSTOSES, ON FRICTION nOLLERS.

Grindstones of different sizes hunj on friction rollers nml
movcil wilh a fool irendcr, is lound m he a great impi
inenl on the prenent mode of hanging grindstones
ease with which ihey move upi "'^ "— ■—

i»y lo lurn wilh the (oi . ,
saved, and the person in the act of grinding, can

The

Just received at the New England Agriculi'iv ;
house, No, 61 and 62, Norlh Market si,, a few s, is
loinelers, for testing the quality of milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRF.fK .

WEAV TIIRNIP SEED.

Just received and for sale nl ihe New Eng':i'i
lural Warehouse and Seed Store, Ncs. 61 nnd !•.: ^
ket street,

600 Ihs. TURNIP SEED, of the growth ..I

July U. JOS. BUK( K

NEW E N G I. A N 1) F A R M 1

A WKKKI.Y FAPFB.

The EditorinI department ol' this paper li
into iho litinds of llie subscriber, lie is now
by the publishers lo iipli.riii the public thiil :

., ... j;on'r'roiii;rv;;.xA; .hem ^^^'^^v^'^'^^t' '" '•"""' "

very easy lo mm wilii Ihe foot, by which the labor of one

man u , — — - r ,. , ■■ ,

govern ihe stone more lo his mind by having the complete
cniilrol of his work. Slones hung in this manner are be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can be altochcd lo stones ban
in the common way.

For sale hv JO.SEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 63
Norlh Market Boston. July 14

per year in advance, or ^2 TiO if not paid w i
days. ALLEN I'l

N. B. — Postmasters nro required hy law i.
siibacriplions nnd remitlnncca for new6pii|"
expenso to subscribers.

M i;

NA>

IrUi

,, wit'

Tl'TTLI A«D Dr,K.>ETT, PRI.NTI 1

AND II O K T 1 ( V L T U R A L U E G I S T K U .

—r^ r.! ^^^

PDBLISHfiO BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO a NOUTH MARKET STKHKT, (Aoricultuhal Wa««.i

ou.cO-ALLKN PUTiNAM, EDITOR.

,t.xx.i nOSTON, WEDNKSDAY FA'RNING, OCTOBER C, 1841.

[NO. U.

N. E. FARMER.

From the Boiion Coarier.
rHIRTKENTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION

Tfll. MASSACHUSETTS IIORTICULTUK A I. SOCIETY.

Tins Socicly held its annual exhibition of fruits

i llonors (luring llie past week. Tlio display of

rs and fruit was splendid beyond dcscriptinn,

lid justice to tlio skill and enterprise of the

alciir cultivators and practical gardeners, who

itninited so liberally of their bounties to the

oratuin of the room. The dahlias were supcri-

,0 those of any previous year; many of the new

eties being almost perfection itself. The show

double Uernian asters, and verbenas, was also

,e attractive. The pot plants were from vari-

collections, and were all good. Among oth-

there were good specimens of the Rhodochiton

ibile, Brunsvigia falcata, and Banksia ericifolia.

fruit was beautiful and in the greatest abiin-

ce. and the contributors so numerous as to ron-

it impossible to designate them here.

)f the decorations of the room, it can only be

, they were, as usual, e.\cellent and in good

\ The whole was under the direction of Mr

Iker, aided by subcommittees. The exhibi-

was very well attended, and realized the e.x-

ations of the Society's friends ; though the

:her was unfavorable on the last day, still the

c continued to crowd in till the very close at

o'clock in the evening.

n Friday, the members celebrated the anniver-
by a dinner at Concert Hall. The hall was
tifully decorated with some of the magnificent
ers that had been exhibited at the Society's
IB, and t)ie tables were richly laden with the

contributed by the members.

bout one hundred and twenty members of the

Bty, with a number of guests, (among whom

President Quincy, of Harvard University, —

Lincoln, President of the Worcester Agri-

aral Society, — Gen. Dearborn, first President
le Horticultural Si'ciety, — Mr Grattan, the
ill Consul, — Rev. Dr. Codinan, of Dorchester,
several other clergymen, — Messrs. Samuel

i~eton, R. G. Shaw, and others, nut now recol-
d,)sat down to dinner about four o'clock. The
which furnished the dessert, were mostbaun-
y supplied by the liberality of many of the
jers of the Society. The President, D. Hag-
on, S. Pond, A. McLennan, F. W. Macondry,
owner, O. Johnson, E. M. Richards, S. Sweet-
'. B. & C. M. Hovey, W. II. Cowan, and B.
rench, were the principal contributors ; and a
rich repast was never set before the Society.
hall P. Wilder, Esq., President of the Society,
Jed at the head of the table. Mosars. Jona-
Winship, Benjamin V. French, and Cheever
lall acted aa vice-presidents. A blessing wag
ed by the Rev. Dr. Codman. After the cloth
ciiioved, the following regular toasts were
inccd from the Chair, the intervals between
i ■ enlivened by music from a band engaged for
casioD :

I. Our Country — A sapling, descended from n
good stock, whose vigorous growth watered by the
blood of thousands of patriotic hearts, now waves
its branches over millions of freemen.

'J. Good Old Miissnchuselts — .Mwnys in the
fitld, where there t« ?ny good work to accomplish :
what she undertakes, she docs irctl — llic fruits of
her e.xcellcnt institutions have liecii liberally dis-
tributed among her sister States, and she lius yet
enough left to garnish her own tabic.

'■i. The City of Boston — With her industrious
and enierprizing population — her schools and her
churches — her nnble harbor — her ships on •very
sea — her Iron Roads, East, West, North and South
— how glorious is her prospect for the future.

4. Horticulture — The art which strews our paths
with roses, loads cur tables with luxuries, and
crowns our labors with the rich fruits of content-
ment and happiness.

.5. Intellectual Cultivation — That mighty agent
to which every science is indebted for its most won-
derful improvements. Its importance to the horti-
culturist may be estimated by tlic valuable labors
of Knight and Van Mons.

6. Capital Stocks — The slocks most wanted and
sure to yield the largest dividends are Fruit Stocks.

7. English Florists and American Amateurs —
The first have furnished us with superior varieties
of fruits and flowers — the latter now reciprocate
their favors, and return tliciii productions equaling
their own.

6. The increase of glass structures for Horticul-
ture— They perpetuate Spring, Summer and Au-
tumn— they spangle the whole year with flowers.

0. Practical Cultivators — Physiologists may
study the causes of vegetation, and chemists may
analyze soils and manures — but the skill of the
practical man is required to test the value of their
speculations.

10. Horticultural Pursuits — Inexhaustible sour-
ces of study and delight — rewarding all who par-
ticipate in them with the enjoyment of health and
strength, and the luxurious indulgence of nature's
choicest gifts.

II. The memory of three distinguished patrons
of Horticulture — John Lowell, Jesse Buel, and
Thomas Green Fessenden. "They rest from their
labors and Iheir works do follow them."

12. The Clergy — Always sowing the good seed
— may they at the ingathering be rewarded with
an abundant harvest.

1-3. Woman —

" A seedling sprung from Adam s side, [

A most celestial »liooi,
Became of Paradise the pride,

And bore a world of fruit."

Af\er the delivery of these toasts, Mr Wildeii,
the President, made a very neat and appropriate
address, substantially as follows : —

GENTi.rMF..>-, — It is rather my duty to solicit re-
marks from you, than to olTer them myself, but I
cannot refrain from briefly adverting to the present
flourishing condition of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society, and to the success that has at-

I tended the eflorts of its members iiinco ita organi-
zation.

. It was formed in February, 1831), and hold it«
first Anniversary ond Exhibition of Fruits and
Flowers in September of the samo year, and wo
I rejoice to number among its members on this oc-
; cosion, some who were its founders and progeni-
I tors, and to whom we now mo.-'t cheerfully accord
a debt of gratitude for the beiicvulcnt motives that
prompted them to its formation.

Its object was to promote, improve and dissemi-
nate a love for the science of Horticulture, to cor-
rect and simplify the confusion which then existed
in the nomenclature of fruits, and by a liberal be-
stowment of premiums, to excite tho emulation and
to concentrate the individual skill of its members,
to bring to notice such native and foreign fruits
and flowers as should be deemed truly valuable or
worthy of cultivation.

How well this has been accomplished, will be
seen by taking a retrospect. At the time of its
origin there were but a limited number of fruits of
acknowledged excellem'.e to be seen in our mark-
ets, and although many of the new and popular va-
rieties had been previously introduced into the gar-
dens of the opulent, they had not generally been
disseminated or proved, while at the present time
there are members of this f^ociety who have exhi-
bited during the year, forty, fifty, and at the pre-
sent exhibition, a single member, R. Manning, Esq.,
has placed on our tables ISi) varieties of the Pear;
and the same worthy and persevering individual
has also proved and fruited in his own grounds
nearly SQO varieties of this fruit, 03 of wijich are
supposed to be of American origin ; and 185 Ap-
ples, 80 rtf wliich are of American origin. I might
notice a comparative increase in other fruits, but
what has been stated is sufficient to give some
idea of what has been accomplished.

A similar advancement has also taken place in
the introduction of choice and rare plants, and the
Dahlia, which thirteen years since was but little
known with us, has become so popular and so in-
creased in tho number of its varieties, as not only
to require a grand gala day to be set apart for its
exhibition, but the whole of the Society's rooms
for a fair display of its beauties.

Other conspicuous flowers have increased in
corresponding ratio — the Rose, the Tulip, the Ca-
mellia— and although I am now speaking of the
science in this country, it may not be uninterest-
ing to state that so great has been the augmenta-
tion of varieties of popular flowers, tliere are indi-
vidual or amateur collections in Europe consisting
of more than 500 varieties of the Tulip, GOO varie-
ties of the Camellia, and more than IbOO varieties
of the far-famed Rose.

Of the financial resources of the Society, I can
speak in the most gratifying terms, having com-
menced without tt dollar in its treasury, and being
now better endowed in this respect than any other
Horticultural Society we are acquainted with, and
entirely free from any pecuniary embarrassment

Horticulture, until recently, has not kept pace
with other pursuits, but it is now waking up with

106

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

OCT. 6. I

the

renewed energy. Societies are forming in our The following toasts were then given : —
populons towns and cities, and (Chemistry and Bota- 1 The Governor of Massachusetts — The enlight
ny, so intimately connected with the science, Imve | i<ned statesman — the practical farmer — and
of late come in with a new stimulus to propel for-
ward its advancement.

Horticultural periodicals and papers have in-
creased among us, and did time permit, I might

notice them as being honorable to their conductors
and highly useful to the community, in the dissemi-
nation of the science.

Within a few years a decided improvement has
taken place in the laying out, ornamenting, and
keeping of the gardens and grounds of the metro-
polis and vicinity, and we can now boast of not a
few residences that are in this respect highly credi

honest man.

The Mayor of the City of Boston — Honest, in-
telligent, and persevering — his character is a sure
guaranty that tlie peace of our community will be
preserved, education promoted, and all the interests
of our thriving city be fostered and protected.

The Judiciary — A strong wall and high hedge
for the protection of virtue and good order — may
they root up and head down vice, until it shall not
only bear no fruit, but the very tool shall be de-
stroyed.

Harvard University — No hotbed — but a Conser-

table to their owners — and of one in particular — vnlonj of the first order, wjiere scions of old stocks
thanks to it.s wealthy proprietor, whose plans have are rooted, grounded, and brought forward to make
been projected and carried out on so extensive and good the strip and waste of time,
princely a .scale, that his establishment will, ere President Qui nct then rose, and said he was
long, not suffer by a comparison with some of the [ ^^\^ {),^j j^ ,y^g expected he should say something.

oldest and best kept gardens of Europe

So universal is the love for these pursuits, at
the present day, that a want of taste for them is
seldom to be seen — snd never before has there
been such a demand for proved and choice varie-
ties of fruit trees or for ornamental and beautiful
plants.

The increased conlributicms of fruits and flowers,
and the crowd of visitors to be seen at our weekly
exhibitions, are sufficient evidence of the awaken-
ed and general interest felt by all classes of the
community on the subject. But, gentlemen, I am
tres|)assing on your time, and I will only detain
you a moment longer.

One word, then, as to its influences on the mind.
This science is elevated and refining, opening a
wide field of research to the naturalist and man of
study. Its pleasures are rational and enduring.
Its influences on both body and mind are refresh-
ing and invigorating. Its labor invites to the oc-
cupation of all our leisure hours, and is the labor
of contentment and innocence.

When the mind is oppressed with the cares and
perplexities of a business life, or when worn down
with sorrow and fatigue, what so likely to restore
it to its wonted vigor as a stroll to the garden, or a
visit to the green-house.

And as a source of intellectual communion in
the contemplation of its objects, in all their varied
forms and beauty, what so well adapted to chasten
and triincpiilize the feelings, and to lead the imagi-
nation from '• Nature up to Nature's God."

Let us then, gentlemen, take encouragement
from the success that has already attended our la-
bors, and although wo may not realize all our ex-
pectations, let us remember the words of the la-
mented Sir T. A. Knight, late President of the
London Horticultural Society : — says he, 'f have
persevered, and I will persevere while I have pow-
er." And adopting this as our motto, let us go
forward with strengthened assurance o^ success,
and let us liail the time when its beneficial influ-
ence shall be extended from one end of our land
to ihe other, and our whole country become ii fruit-
ful garden. When, in the language of another —

" BloBBoms anil fruin and flowers together rise,
And the whole world in rich profusion lien."

The President concluded by offering the follow-
ing sentiment —

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society — Its
birthday opened a new era in the Horticulture of
New England.

But after the very splendid exhibition of the last
three days, he felt that he could not do justice to
the feelings which had been excited. They were
feelings of admiration, wonder and delight; of
honor, respect, and gratitude to those who had fur-
nished these bounties. Our duty was to encour-
age, stinuilate, reward and support the spirit and
enterprize which had produced them. Sir, what
have we seen? The very barriers of climate re-
moved— Nature improved ! The fruits of every
country were now contributing to our comfort.
These, he said, were the triumphs of Horticulture
— an employment more honorable than war — more
unalloyed than politics. Ho therefore proposed —
Honor, gratitude, support to the taste, enter-
prize and spirit, which improve nature, and supply
products to our country which her climate denies.
A sentiment complimentary to the clergy was
responded to by Rev. Dr. Codman, who said he
could not forbear to express his gratitude for this
token of respect paid to the clergy. He wished
every Pastor had as good a parishioner as he had
in the President of the Massachusetts Horticultu-
ral Society. He proposed —

The primeval employment of Man — "To dress
the garden, and keep it."
The next sentiment was —
The Rose — While wo acknowledge her as
Queen at the Court of Flora, we are happy to re-
cognize among our guests the distinguished repre-
sentative of that QiieCTi, whose kingdom have
adopted in the Rose their floral emblem.

Mr Gratta."*, the British Consul, rose and said,
that among the many means of enjoyment aflxjrded
him at this time, none struck him with so much
gratitude as that he was spared from making a
flowery speech, for tho ornaments were abundantly
provided, and therefore the homeliest words would
do. Who could compete by the flowers of rheto-
ric with the flowers here exhibited ? He said the
President did but justice in his remarks upon horti-
cultural taste. We are often prone to underrate
the Horticulturist. His labors are not of a solitary
nature. They inspire him with a love of the coun-
try. The lorer goes to the garden for the em-
blems of his beloved, and he there furnishes him

which utters what tears and sighs cannot express.
In it the Spaniard, the Turk, the Greek, would
find a suitable language in which to express him-
self He ccmcluded by proposing —

Tlie Gardens and Green-Houses of Massachu^
sells.

The next toast was —

The Queen of England and her Royal Consort
An illustrious example of Crown grafting.

Sir John Caldwell, who was present as agues
said, thai being unaccustomed to speaking, hi
would merely remark, that he had no doubt thi
Royal pair would furnish an abundance of littl
ones, which would adorn and decorate the En
annals. t^

The Union of Agricultural and Horticultural
Societies — May their connexion be so intimate ag'
to prod\ico a numerous ofl'spring of taste, beauty
and usefulness.

Hon. Levi Lincoln, the Collector, who is Pre-
sident of the Worcester County Agricultural So-
ciety, and a member of the Horticultural Socieiy,
being called on, said he did not think it fair to call
upon him at all. Besides, in consequence of hit
official station, he was not allowed to speak at all,
and he did not know that the Horticultural meet-
ing would be an exception. His province was not
to give, but to collect from all. But while he
up, as they say in another place, he would slal
that it was his happiness to be present at the fii
meeting of this society. He could llierefore coifc
trast that, thirteen years ago, with this. He dij
not feel competent to make a comparison. It de-
fied all compai;ison, to attempt to compare that daj j
of small things with this of great ones. We uijj j
form some idea of its magnificence, by knowing
that this Society has influenced the whole country.
As mention had been made of three distingui.-lied
members now deceased, he would tain connect « ilh
tlieir names that of the late Dr. Fiske, of Worcci.
ter. He planted, thirteen years ago, the first ncci.
lings of peach trees which this year had proilucoi
barrels of fruit, which had been sent to the New
Vork market. This speaks every thing for im.
provements and facilities of transportation. He
said he stood here as the representative of the fai-
mors. As he liappcncd to be seated next to the
President of Harvard University, who had just rfr
tired from tho hall, he would in reference to hiin,
propose as a sentiment —

The TVee of the Orchard, upon whish science hll
engrafted the bud, and the scion from the 7'/<o ^
Knoicledge, in the good cultivation of which wi
have an exhibition of the vigor of the root, and the
rich burden of the brancli.

The first President of the Massachusetts Hoi
ticultural Society — Distinguished alike for his hat-
ticultural skill and intellectual attainments: u|-
der his energetic administration, the Society, at^
early day, attained an enviable rank.

Gen. Di ARBORN said — I feel highly honored bj
the respectful notice which has been taken of mj
HiimMe cflbrts in Ihe organization of the Massacho-
setts Horticultural Society. Tho results have fa

self with the representatives of her beauty. The j exceeded the most sanguine anticipations of tlK
gardener ought to think there is a real charm in founders of thai institution. Tliey had not b

every thing around him. This day, said he, has
discovered a new beauty to me. Never have I
witnessed such n display of the beauties of horti-
cultural taste. There is a language in flowers

ed it possible that the advantages which have be*«
derived, and the extensive and salutary influcnw
which has been realized from the eflbrts of the So-
ciety, could have been so much experienced. BC

vol.. XX. yo. II.

A N D II o irr 1 c r L r u u a i. r e g i s t k r .

107

t must be recollcclfd that imicli Imd lioon dune In
trepire llie way, by a niiinbcr of ilistin<:iiiNliC(l |
fcntlemen, who hail lone ilovoted their attention j
a all iho useful and ornamental branches of culli- I
itinn. Col. I'crkins, C"lin9loph«-r (iore, John how. I
II, S. G. I'erkina, ond Eben. Preblo, may be ron- 1
idered as the illustrions pionccrsi o( llurticulture |
1 New Enjrland. Tliey had collected many ofi
!ie most v.'iluablo and beautiful fruit iind forest
rcoii. shrubs, Howrrs, plants and seeds from all
arts of the world, and established gardens and
mbclliahed rural residences in the environs of
■oston, which had ditTuscd intelligence, created a
sle. and e.tcited a spirit for the extension of all
anchcs of tillage, not only amonij their (ellow-
ti/eiis in the immediate vicinity of their eleirant
tablisliinonts, but throughout the Commonwealth,
o t)i.>«c liberal, intelligent, ond enterprising gen-
emon is this institution, as well os the whole
mntry mainly indebted for the introduction and
tension of many of the most precious fruits and
culent plants with which our market is now sup-
ied ; while their commendable example has pro-
iced an emulation among all classes of society.
Inch has been productive of the most beneficial
id admirable results.

The exhibition which we have witnessed during
e last three days, in the Hall of the Horticultural
iciely, cannot but have impressed all with the
9t Hiiprovemenls which have been made in the
riciy and improved character of the productions
iicli the gardens in the surrounding towns now
brd.

For these highly interesting and valuable results,
is but justice to declare, that they are chiefly to
attributed to the labors, zeal, and practical in-
ligence and skill of some of the earliest and
St active and energetic members of this Society.
Manning, of Salem, has been disiiaguished for
attention and successful efforts in collecting
d multiplying the variety of pears and apples, —
■ Pond, of Cambridge, for the culture of plums, —
• Warren, of Brighton, for strawberries, — Mr
alker, of Roxbury, for his beautiful collection of
ips and violas, — the President of the Society,
1. Wilder, for hi.-' extensive and superb conserva-
y of camellias, and the vast variety of roses
ich he has imported, — the Winships and Ken-
ks for their capacious and . well managed nurse-
s of fruit, forest and ornamental trees, shrubs
] tlowcring plants, — and Col. Perkins and Mr
shing for their spacious and magnificent vine-
3, green-houses, stoves, and conservatories, of the
St rich and elegant vegetable productions of
.■ry region of the globe ; while the editors of the
w England Fanner and the Horticultural Reg-
;r are entitled to infinite credit and praise for
ir indefatigable labors in collecting and diffu-
g intelligence over the whole country, upon all

infinite branches of rural economy.
Much has thus been accomplished by this asso-
licn, and we may with confidence look forward
still greater and more important developements
the future. Gen. Dearborn closed his remarks
h the following toast —

The Cultivation of the Earth — It was the first
of civilization, is the basis of all other branches
ndustry, and the chief source of the prosperity

1 wealth of nations

The President, after alluding to the Hon. C. P.
kwell, Mayor of Norwich, as being concerned

Biorticulture, offered the following :

1

(Jardenrr^— They delight in Ihi' /!rt/ calling
and destination of man, anterior to the discovery ,
of the steam engine and railways.

Mr RotKWKLi. replied, that the President must I
have received early information ot his profuHsidii ; :
that formerly lie hud been engaged in lliat busi-
ness. He now resided in Norwich, a hundred
mili'8 distant, but he paid iin annual visit tn this
city to niec't this Society. He tlmnkod them for
their effort! in the good cause. He had attempted
to imitate Ihom. He wos indobled to them for all
he had, and he would propose —

The Members of the Horticultural Society of
Massachiisclls — By their works and by tlicir fruits
we knon them.

The Pros.i — It scatters abroad the seeds of
knowledge. Its fruits, if rightly cultivated, exirt
a salutary intluenco in the moral and political world.

Mr BucKiNGHAii, editor of the Courier, was call-
ed for to respond to this sentiment, but he had re-
tired from the hall, though not without placing in
possession of the President the following senti-
ment—

Horticultural Societies — "Fiscal corporations,"
whose cnpilul slock is a well-cultivated bank of soil,
whose directors are productrs, whose depositors get
cent, per cent, for lhe\r investments, whose exchan<r.
es are never below par, and which " ciperate /irr se
over the Union."

Mr Pt T.NAM, editor of the New England Farmer,
being called on, rose and said — lie thought it rntli-
er hard that the youngest editor should he call-
ed to speak in behalf of the press. True, he
felt a great interest in what the press could do for
Horticulture and agriculture. He had been called
on unexpectedly, but could not fail tn do their bid-
ding. He expressed his admiration at the success
of the Society, and was gratified at their prosperi-
ty. As an editor, he stood the successor, though
not the immediate one, of the hte Thomas G. Fes-
sonden, whose labors had been highly beneficial.
He had always welcomed the New England Far-
mer, and read it with delight. It promoted the
science of Agriculture, and as long as it was in
his hands, he should endeavor to render it useful.
The cultivation of llowers promotes health. It fa-
vors morals and religion. He gave —

The fair Garden of ths World above — Where
the faithful cultivators may hope to pluck unfading
flowers ond gather immortal fruit.

Mr B. V. French, vice-president, then gave the
following —

Agriculture and Horticulture — The first, a na-
tion's greatest wealth ; the next, its greatest luxu-
ry.

Mr Wilder having retired, Mr French took the
chair and jiroposed the following —

Our President, Col. Marshall P. Wilder — His
example is worthy of imitation: in him we have
evidence of what method and perseverance can
achieve.

Mr Winship, vice-president, next proposed this
sentiment —

The Magazine of Horticulture — A work which
has contributed much to the honor of the State and
to the advancement of the science to which it is
dcToted. May its editor long continue the orna-
ment of his profession and the pride of his friends

and BssociuteH, mid nieet with tho reward his Inborn
so justly merit.

Mn C. M. Hover rose, and said that as he had
the honor to edit that periodical, ho prenuincd lio
might nay a few words. It was nearly seven years
since he commenced his labors in writinc on liorti.
nitiiral Bubjocis, hut it wiii three times that period
since ho fir^t took an interest in the matter. He
early became a member of the Society, while itii
first accomplishrd President presided over it. Ho
had been n ronslniit exhibitir for ten years, and
during that period had acted on various commit-
tees in connexion with the gentleman who had now
seen fit to honor him, and ho had always found
him ready* to do his share in promoting the objects
of the Society.

The establishment of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society wan an epoch in the horticulture
of this vicinity. It gave a new impulse to the sci-
ence, whose progress has ever since been onward.
But there was yet, in the opinion of many gentle-
men, something wanting to keep up the interest
excited. This was some vehicle of information by
which practical men might communicate their sen-
timents to each other. Surh a source presented it-
self in a periodical devoted to Horticulture. With
the promised aid of many gentlemen whom he saw
present, and among whom the President of the So-
ciety was the first, he undertook its publication.
With what success, he left the public to decide
He hoped that the Magazine would long continue
tn exercise a salutary influence in Horticulture,
and its publication pr<ive an honor to the science
throughout the United States. He concluded by
proposing —

Horticultural Societies at home, and Horticultu-
ral Societies aljroad — -Associations which confer
blessings upon »11 classes of Society ; and whose
intluence extends to the remotest bounds of civili-
zation.

Mr B. V. French gave —

The Chairman of the Committee of Arrnnge-
inents — We have witnessed and admired the fine
effect he has produced at the hall, but we should
like to hear more from his Tulips (two lips.)

Mr Walkkr said — May I ask the indulgence
of the company, while I shall attempt to respond
to the sentiment just expressed. To recei\'e the
approbation of the members of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, for my humble eflbrts thus
publicly, fills my breast with gratitude, for which I
cannot find words to give utterance.

Tulips, two-lips, must on the present occasion,
answer for themselves. The word two-lips, sir, in
one sense, has a charm generally felt, but very
dilliciilt to be expressed. Two-lips have always
been a favorite flower in every country and in eve-
ry age ; and the desire to hyltridize all the varieties
has continued without the least abatement, from
time immemorial. It was with two-lips, our mother
Eve impressed the parental blessing on the cheeks
of her first born, and where is the mother who does
not follow her example ? The prattling sounds
issued from the two-lips of the stammering child
have music to mothers "sweet as love."

And again, sir, what would become of all the
contracts Cupid is ever making in the world, if
they were not signed, sealed and delivered ; — yes,
sir, delivered by the consent of parties with two-lips '
But enough : perhaps too much. Yet I should
like to say a word on another subject. May I ask
your further indulgence ?

108

NEW E N G L A N D FARMER,

OCT. 6, 1841.

Permit me, tlioii, to scan llie past history of lliis
Society, and say a word in anticipation lA' the fu-
ture. It is sometimes well to loolj back and see
from whence we .sprung. Fourteen years ago and
the Massachusetts Horliculturiil Society was not in
existence. Their first ineclin<,'3 were held in a
Binall room in Congress street; after that, they met
in an upper room over the New England Agricul-
tural Sfed Store ; from ti>ero they removed to Joy's
huikiinjf.s, und from there to a room in Cornhill,
and finally to their present hall, in Tremnnt Row.
This is a history of its location. Jlut who can re-
count its (ids, and the benefits thereof to the com-
munity and after generations I

Had 1 the eloquence of Cicero, it might be ex-
hausteil on this sulijecl. The purchase of, and the
maturirig the plans of the Cemetery at Mount Au-
burn, are deeds worthy of any Society. This act,
sir, may be considered as the corner-stone of onr
transactions. And on this act we may, by united
effort, raise a temple, which shall be the delight of
future generation.s. A temple where the old and
the young, the rich aRd the poor, the learned and
the unlearned, may come and partake freely of the
treasures which ever flow from our lovely Flora,
and her twin sister, the beautiful Pomona. I said,
sir, raise a temple. Yes, sir, a temj)lc, that shall
be an ornament to the city of Doatim, and the fu-
ture pride of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Sir, the people are with us — our interests are the
interests of the public, and we have only to say we
want a hall of suitable dimensions for our use,
and who that understands tlie subject can refuse
us aid, and bid us God speed ? No, sir, let the
claims of fruits and flonors, und their moral influ-
ence he fully understood, and we shall liave no ri-
val with the virtuous and the wise, except tliat re-
ligion whoso ways are ways cif pleasantness and
all her paths are ])aths of pence.

He concluded with the following sentiment —
The Practical Cultivator —

" For him the Spring;

Distils hpr dews, and from tlie silken gem

Its hicld leaves unfolds; fur hiin, ihc hand

Of Autumn linges every fertile iirnnch

Willi Mooming gold anil blushas like the morn."

By J. E. Tesclieniacher, corresponding member
— The union of Science and Horticulture — It will
improve our fruits, flowers and vegetables, and will
advance the knowledge of the practical cultivator.
By Isaac Ilurd, Esq., of Cincinnati. The fruits
of the North — As delicious as those of the tropics,
though many are of a If'ilder growth.

By I). Haggerston. New England — Though in
her soil the fig-troe does not blossom nor the olive
yield her oil, yet in her schools and colleges morals
and intellect are matured ; in her forum the myrtle
flourishes for her sages, and Hunker Hill and Ben-
nington will be ever green with laurels for her he-
roes.

By J. Stickney. The Mnssachnaetts Horticul-
tural Society — Although situated far to the north,
in a sterile section of the country, it has beeo stead-
ily progressing in usefulness, till its powerful influ-
ence is felt 10 the utmost limits of this vast repub-
lic.

By S. Pond. Robert Manning, of America, and
Van Mons, of Europe — Their exertions in the
cause of Pomona, entitle them to tlio gratitude and
respect of all generations.

The Members of the Massachusetts Horticultu-
ral Society — While we have such Cusliinps to re-
pose on ; such H'ind-ships to sail with ; such fVar-

rens to breed in ; such Ponds to circunmavigate ;
such H'alkem on the course; it behooves the young
amateur in horticulture to take heed to his ways,
as he will find a Wilder man in the field, who is
hard to beat.

By R. M. Richards, the Recording Secretary.
The Apple of discord — .May those exclusively who
sow, reap it, and eat of its fruit to their heart's
content.

By C. M. Hovcy. Robert Manning — The inde-
fatigable Pomologist and the estimable citizen.
His labors in identifying our various fruits, have
accomplished for America what Knight has for
England, and Van Mons for Belgium.

By S. Sweetser. Horticulture and Fluriculture
— The flint and sled, which, when brought in col-
lision, elicits a spark that purifies and elevates the
soul.

By Wm. Thomas. Agricultural and Horticultu-
ral Societies nf the IJ'th century — Second only to
the schools planted by our ancestors of the 17th
century for the protection of our liberties and the
welfare of man. May their fruits be as good.

By (). Johnson. Our Society — Devoted to the
promotion of the peaceful pursuits of horticulture:
may its members cultivate the virtues, liberality
and good feeling.

By a Guest. Mr Presidei;t, — Having heard
much regret expressed that ladies are not admitted
to our board, I will oft'er this sentiment —

May our tables in IS12 be adorned, not only by
the fruits of the cartli, but by the flowers of heaven.

The Massachusetts Horticultural Society — Loses
nothing of its attraction, while it marshals at the
head of its list the Wilder fruits.

Horticulture — Art engrafted on nature.

The Editor of the Magazine of Horticulture —
His works prove that he is not less expert in hand-
ling a pen than in handling a hoe.

Many other sentiments were given, of which we
have not obtained copies.

ng»

i

tice of this little interesting creature, which bringt
its labors into a new view, and by which it won
seem that wc might be able to account for th
extensive forests of oaks which spring up sponi
neously on the removal of a growth of pine ; a cir
cumstance that has ballled the coniertures of iiianj
of the learned amongst us, and has never beei
satisfactorily accounted for.

In a late English work, it is said : "The truth
that no animal is created but for some wise pur
pose, is beautifully illustrated in the squirrt'l. I
is a singular but well-authenticated circumst:inc«
that most of those oaks which are called spont*
ncous, are planted by this animal, in which way hi
has performed the most essential service to maa
kind. It is reliitcd that a person walking one do)
in the woods, his attention was diverted by a squlj
rel which sat very composedly upon the ground
In a few moments the squirrel darted to the tup o
a tree beneath which he had been sitting, and ii
anotlur instant he was down with an acorn in hi
mouth, and after digging a small hole with his fon
feet, he stooped down and deposited the
then covering it, he darted up the tree aga
in a moment was down with another, wh
buried in the same manner: this he contiu
do so long as the observer thought proper to
him. This industry of the little animal is d
to the purpose of securing him against want
ter, but his memory not being sufficiently reti
tive to enable him to remember every spot in wh
he deposited an acorn, he must lose many ev
year, which are destined to spring up at some Ik
ture period to supply the place of the parent tra
— perhaps a century hence!" B. j

From the Farmer's Cabinet.

SQUIRRELS.
Mr Editor — I am glad that agriculturists are
combining against the race of gunners, more prop-
erly termed loafers, who whge an eternal war
against every thing that has life in the shape of
bird or beast, be it never so small and insignificant
in value; their only object would seem to be ex-
termination, without the least regard to the injury
they are inflicting on the harmless animals them-
selves, or the proprietors of the lands upon which
tliey trespass with impunity. It has often been
calculated that the services of a pair of small birds
have been of more real value to the farmer than
the labors of many a large animal, and ihe conside-
ration of the subject seems at length to have awak-
ened them to their true interests : it is to be hoped
they will carry out their determination to alTord
protection to their little laborers, by which there is
no doubt they will reap advantages an hundred
fold. But, although we find many who are ready
to advocate the cause of the birds, we never hear
any conunisseration expressed for the little ani-
mal, tho squirrel, whose presence enlivens the oth-
erwise lonely solitude of the deep wood, and adds
n charm to every landscape, but who is doomed tn
destruction by wholosale, merely for the sport of
the indolent and unemployed of every town and
village in the land. I have lately met with a no-

1

'i

Boston, Sept. 18, JSU.

Gentlemen — .\t a meeting of the .Mr vhn
Apprinticts' Library dissociation, }ust hold, th
lowing preamble and resolution were unanimousl;
adopted :

Whereas this Association is deeply inJebiLil I
the various Editors and Publishers of uKi^ja^au
and newspapers, who gratuitously furnish us uit
their respective publications, and as it is but prop*
that we should at the commencement of anith*
term, give expression to our feelings in regard t
it — Therefore,

Resolved, That every Editor or Publisher wb
favors the Association by supplying it with ,i rn'ri
odical, is entitled to our most heartfelt acl.uowl
edgements, for the benefit conferred upon the in«|
tution, by adding to the value of those advanta]
of which it has so much reason to bo proud
the disinterestedness and magnanimity of lli~ «f
itself will always cause us to cherish towards iliot
the sincercst sentiments of gratitude and n^pot:

Permit ine to add, that the consideratioii thi
this is doing no more than an act of justice, iitlori
nie an additional pleasure in transmitting to youi
copy of the above.

Respectfully, your ob't serv't,

JOHN M. L. BABCOCK.
Corrispoudiiig Secretary .U. ^1. L. ./.

JosFfii Bbeck & Co.

A correspondent of the Morris Jerscymau say*
" I am satisfied that screenings of anthracit
are a good protection of peach trees against woi
I placed around each tree a box two feet sq
and six inches deep, and filled it with the coal ;
they have no indication of worms about them."

c<t

I

\ » Noil

AND H 0 R T 1 C U L T i' li A I. li I:: G I S T K R

109

Kroiti K«nriok't N»\« Aitwricnn Orcharclirt.

TRANSPLANTING.

^•n trees nro rcinovcil I'tpr llic p-irpciso of boin^
iplaiilcd, their roots, should, if possible, be prc-
il fresh and entire. If these preraiitioiis havo
omitted, their whole bodies mid routs must be
rseil m fresh water <luring; iwentyfotir hours ;
iheir tops must be lessened in proportion to
.)ss tlieir roots have sustained. The sources
hicli they derive the nourishment which thi-y
ve t'roni the earth being diminished, the whole
f the tree, and even its vitality, would other-
pass olf by transpiration.
tober and November, and immediately after
rst hard frosts have arrested vegetation, is cs-
.M the best season of all for transplanting'
Tiio poach, tlio plum, tlio cherry, and ever-
I trees, do especially well when planted early
tumn. But where circumstances render it
sary. transplanting may be deferred till spring,
hen trees arc transplanted in autumn, the
becomes duly consolidated at their roots, and
ire ready to vegetate with the first advance-
of spring.

e holes for receiving the trees, should be dug
tour to si.x feet in diameter, according to the '
f the trees, and eighteen inches deep; the
r subsoil should be cast out to this depth, and ;
•ed at bottom with rich soil, intermixed with
ion of manure. The tree should generally I

no deeper than it stood before, otherwise the
roots will cease to grow ; the fibres should be |
I horizontally, in their natural position, and
il intimately and compactly placed about
•oots ; manure may be placed above and be-

and on every side, but ought never to be
■id to come in contact with the roots, as it ia

in this case, to corrupt and injure them: —
by treading the ground very hard. When
■ecn trees are set, it is generally considered
ensable to pour at once a few gallons of wa-
)und the tree previous to treading hard the

finish earthing, and tread hard an hour af-
•ds. This is is an excellent and safe mode
■egard to any tree.

lERlNG AND PRESERVING APPLES,
ioiis theories have been offered for preserv-
ples in a sound state for winter use, or for
; voyages. Some have proposed gathering
tit before it is ripe, and drying it on floors
it is up; this has been tried; the apples
cir sprightly flavor, and keep no belter than
ic less troublesome modes. Dr. Noah W'eb-
commends that they should be put down be-
ayers of sand which has been dried by the
f summer. This is without doubt an e.xceU
odc, as it excludes the air, and absorbs the
re, and must be useful when apples are to be
d to a warm climate.

pped straw has also been highly recommend-
e placed between the layers of fruit ; but I
oticed that the straw from the perspiration
bes, becomes musty, and may probably do
urt than good. When apples are to be ex-
it has been recommended that each be sep-
wrapped in coarse paper, in the manner
s and lemons are usually put up. This is,
t doubt, an excellent mode. And Mr Lou-
s recommended that apples destined for Eu-
iiould be packed between layers of grain.
>t quantities of fine winter fruit are raised in

I the vicinity of Boston, niul put up for winter use,
for the markets, and for exportation. The follow.
ing is the mode almost universally adopted by the
iiiost experienced ; and by this mode apples, under
I very unfavorable circumstances, arc frequently pro-
I served in a sound Btato, or not one iii fifty defcc-
I tive, for a period of seven or eight moiith.s. 'I'ho
I fruit is sulVercd to hang on the tree tn as Into a pe-
riod as possible in October, or till hard frosts have
} loosened the stalk, and they arc in imminent dan-
!;cr of being blown down by high winds: such a.s
I have already fallen are carefully gathcreil and in-
spected, and the best are put up for early winter
use. They are carefully gathered from the tree
by hand, and as carefully laid in baskets. New,
j light, well-seasoned Hour barrels from the bakers,
I are usually preferred: the baskets, being filled,
I are cautiously lowered into the barrels and revers-
ed. The barrels, being i^iiite filled, are gently
shaken, and the head is gently pressed down to
its place and secured. It is observed thai this
pressure never causes them to rot no.\t the head,
and is necessary, as they are never allowed to rat-
tle in removing. No soft straw or shavings arc
admitted at the ends ; it causes inuslincss and de-
cay. They are next carefully placed in wagons,
and removed on the in/g-c, and laid in courses in a
cool, airy situation on the north side of buildings,
near the cellar, protected by a covering on the top,
of boards, so placed as to defend them from the
sun and rain, while the air is not excluded at the
sides. A chill does not injure ihem ; it is no dis-
service ; but when extreme cold weather comes on,
and they are in imminent danger of being frozen,
whether by night or day, they arc carefully rolled
into a cool, airy, dry cellar, with openings on the
north side, tliat the cold air may have free access;
they are laid in tiers, and the cellar is in due time
closed and rendered secure from frott. The bar-
rels are never tumbled or placed on the head.

Apples keep best when grown in dry seasons
and on dry soils. If fruit is gathered late, and ac-
cording to the above directions, re-packing is un-
necessary ; it is even ruinous, and should on no
account be practiced till the barrel is opened for
use. It has boon fully tried.

When apples are to bo exported, Mr Cobbett
has recommended that they should, if possible, be
carried on deck ; otherwise between decks. Be-
tween decks is the place, and in the most dry,
cool, and airy part. — Ibid.

l'°rom ihc Albany Cultivalor.

HORSE HARNESS.
The object of this communication is to call the
attention of farmers to the inconvenience and need-
less expense they incur in using the kind of har-
ness, for their common business, at present mostly
in use among them. \\ c arc too much the slaves
of fashion ; and instead of studying economy, or
our own convenience, in endeavoring to keep pace
with the rich, or those in higher or different situs-
tions in life, we are often found with articles of
dress or equipage, far from being convenient for
our business or appropriate to our condition. It
probably does not occur to many, that the harness
used fifteen or twenty years ago, was much more
convenient, less expensive, and more enduring than
that mostly used at the present day ; being calcu-
lated for business instead of pleasure. The most
objectionable part of the harness now used is the
breeching, which was never calculated for heavy

loads, anil is very unsuitable ; horsPH not being
iililo to back or hold a load with lialf the cine as
Willi thoso of the liiHhion of by-gono days. The
fashion of the broeclniig now in use, was introduc-
ed into this country from Knyland, some forty years
ago, and was calluil the pliu;ion brcLcliiiig ; the
name indicating an article fur pleasure rather than
conveiiicnco — yet wc havo almoit universally
adopted it for all kinds of heavy work, 'i'he I'onn-
sylvania, or Dutch brrochiiig, is far cheaper, on ac-
count of its durability, than the pha'ton, and far
better adapted to the ease and convenience of the
horse ill any situation. Martingals, gaga and
I checks, are also very objectionable for a business
harness; tending to confine a horse to ono posi-
lion, anil of course curtailing the free use of some
of his muscles, and requiring greater exertion in
others, adding much to the performance of what is
required of hiin. Il appears to me, that it will re-
quire no logical demonstration to convince any re-
flecting mind, that where great muscular exertion
is required, a free and unfettered use of all the
muscles, as far as circumstances will admit, is very
important. The cheapest, most convenient, and
durable harness, is made with leather tugs frorp
the hame to the hind Hank, about three feet long,
with a string in the o;id. Pennsylvania breeching,
with a leather strap from the ring of that to the
one in the end of the tug. Chain traces, with
what is called a T, on ono end, which goes in at
the ring on the end of the tug. Whiflletrces, with
rings at the ends, the traces passing through them
and hooking to any required length. Scotch col-
lars, iron bails to hold back, and wire snaps on the
lines.

Many farmers suffer much by neglecting to oil
their harness seasonably and properly ; though
once a year, if done as it should be, is generally
sufficient. The best way is, after the harness is
taken to pieces and cleaned, to have a kettle of
warm water and put your oil into that; then dip
in one strap at a time, taking care to let the oil
close up to the strap as you take it out. It will
then require rubbing off with a dry cloth, and will
remain soft for a year. The water should not be
so hot as to scald the leather. Ncals or pigs-foot
oil is the best ; next to that, fresh butter, if yoa
can aflxjrd it, if not, hogs lard. Many farmers sup-
pose nothing so good as curriers' oil, but that should
be the last used. Harness not used for a year or
two, is greatly injured by becoming hard and
cracking ; for that reasim, a new harness lying idle
for any considerable length of time, is not worth
as much as one carefully used the same length of
time. D. S. CURTIS.

LABOR.

If we look through the historical records of the
world, we shall find that few persons have at-
tained to great celebrity in any profession, without
devoting all their intellectual powers to that one
object. A man who is determined to become emi-
nent in a particular line, must resolutely bend eve-
ry action to that end, or he can have but little
chance of success. Divided attention prevents
that energy of endeavor that often leaves idle ge-
nius far behind. Great talents, united with dili-
gence, certainly form the most perfect requisites
for excellence ; but as they are the lot of very
few, it is happy for the rest of mankind, that a com-
mon degree of intellect, seconded by unwearied
perseverance, is sufficient for most purposes in
life.— Selected.

no

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCT. 6, 184

ANI> HORTICULTURAL RKCISTEB.
BOBTOS, Wed>'E!>day, Octobeb G, 1841.

PLOWS— WHO MAKES THE BEST ?
The geher.il inteiest mlien in the question here asked,
■nd its imporlaiice, will nut nierely justify, but they
Beem to demand a pulvlic statement of circumstnnces
which are likely to influence llio editor» of the agricul-
tural papers in givinj; i.piniojis upon this subjerl. We
speak in reference to the editors in this city. It ih well
known that the three principal plow-nianuficturers for
the Uoston niuiket are Charles Howard, Prouty & Mears,
and Rugghts, Nourse & Mason. Our own paper, pub-
lished by Joseph Ereck &.C..., who sell Howard's plows
principally, always contains an advertisement of theTii,
and implies a prefet.nce of ihetn to any others. The
Cultivator we find adverti.-^int; those made by I'routy &
Mean, and extolling ihem above all others. In the
Yankee Farmer tho^e of Kuggh-s, Kourse & Mason are
or have been generally put foremost. Interest, more or
lees direct, in each case, holds the publishers to the
course that is pursued.

But are the editors bound by the same bonds .' nt
are left free in the expression of opinion upon all sub-
jects, and there is no censorship exorcised over our pa-
ges; and vet it were an ungrateful thing to interfere
with the inleresis of our employers. Only in cases
where duty distinctly called to such a course, would
one be found willini,'to act thus unkindly, [iutwenever
would say what we did not beUtve,for the purpose of in-
creasing the profits of any publishers, plow sellers, or
plow-makers. We might omit to praise other plows,
though we should judge them to be better, if by the ex-
pression of our opinion we were obviously going to in-
jure our friends. Silence upon the subject would then
be proper. But we are in no such situation. Our hon- I
est judgment can be told. We intend to give it. Our
previous stalemciits and our character for fair dealing
will of course bo allowcil their proper influence in de-
termining the worth of the opinions about to be ex-
pressed.

The plows by Prouly & Mears and those of this year's
pattern by Kugijles, Nourse and Mason, are very much
alike, and the work accomplished hy them has no gene-
ral characteristics by which that of tho one can he dis-
tinguished from thai of the other. Both of theso plows
are good, and make very handsome work. The furrows
turned by them have a very smooth and polished sur-
face— in other words, they do not crack the furrow-slico.
But Howards plow we judge tu be superior to them,
because, as we think, it will do good work at a greater
depth. (By the way, when plows arc put upon trial,
and when used at plowing matches, they are not gene-
rally made to run so deep as good husbandry requires
usttfplow.) We prefer Howard ■» because we believe
that they clean out the bottom of tho furrow better than
tho others and lay more of the boltotn soil at tlie top
where we want it — particularly is this the case in old
ground and in l.iose and brittle sward land We prefer
Hum because they are apparently stronger and more du-
rable ; we prefer them because they leave the land in
the best situation for tillage. This plow cracks the fur-
row, while at the same time it turns it as flat as either
of ihe others; and this cra'kiog of the furrow, though
it nmrs its smoolhnesH, facilitates its decomposition and
incrimses the case with whii h it can he tilled. Our
judgment is, that Howard's is the best plow for every

day home use, while at the same time tho others may I tho field, and remote it almost immediately into
make a handsomer— that is, a less cracked surface on | cellar. We think our apples keep as well, thus d
thi. f.irrow-slicd— and might be preferred for cattle show ed of, as they did formerly when left out in barrels
plowing, where it may happen that the eyes of behold- 1 the weather became quite cold. The cellar doors,
ers will be caught by smoothness, as distinguished from | ever, are left open, and ihe cellar is kept well a^rei

flatness .

If we arc liable to be biassed in our opinions by the dry, they can be picked over and assorted as I hi
interest of our friends, we hare tried while writing this j wanted for market, or when the weather requires
article, to avoid the operation of any such improper in
fluence. This is only our solemn duty ; fur we ac

)t

iirk under shelter. Happening to have an old
we place that upon two barrels, and into it we en
knowledge, and shall ever strive to act up to the princi- I barrel at a lime of tho fruit to be picked over, am
pie, thai we are more strongly hound to seek the good of placed, it is very convenient performing the labor
the vast numbers who subscribe for and who read our
paper, than to further the interests of the publishere, if
the two are in opposition^ But this will seldom be the
case. The public good and theirs will both be best pro-
moted by an honest, frank, and full statement of our
convictions.

We do not lay claim to any remarkable fitness to be
judge of Ihe merits of plows. And yet we use them
not unfrequenlly with our own hands : we have repeat-
edly followed all, excepting the recent pattern of Rug- Uiii, niay be pleasant work, perhaps, wheie the
gles, Nourse &■ Mason; and wc have several times i three or four hundred bushels per acre ; yet with ui

POTATO HARVESTING.

If none of the other crops require attention, it wj
now to be digging early potatoes, or such as Br«]
though they would be as well in the ground forj
davs longer. When dug they are best put into tK
lar at once and excluded from the atmosphere as
as possible. We can give no other directions fo
work than to pull vines, hoe out and pick up. T|

seen all in use by skillful plowmen. And all this has
been done whilo we were striving to learn which was
actually the best plow for common use in ali the diffe-
rent kinds of soil. Our preference has been slated.

But the merits of each of the plows is so great— they
are all so good— that it is not surprising that there is
diffeicnce of opinion in regard to them among men
whose only interest is to get the best— We have no feel-
inirs which will let us bring a charge of selfishness, pre-
judice or any thing of the kind against any one who
should place either of thcs^c kinds at the head. All are
good.

We have previously hinted our preference of H

seldom can gel much of a crop of t\i\s pomme dc te
has never been very agreeable labor.

CATTLE SHOW IN ESSE.X COUNTYJ
At Georgetown, on Wednesday last, the fara
Essex had their meeting fur seeing and being teen,
brought with them their cattle and swine, tin
and cheese, their vegetables and fruits, their hi
and a multitude of et eeletas. We were there — b|
can give little better account of the show tha
we had not reached the place of exhibition ; for
cerated throat, and its attendant sickness, unfitl

for any accurate observation. Wo saw but little,
ard's plows ; but our columns have not contained much | exhibition of swino was generally spoken of as mi
in relation to them excepting the adverti.sement. The
reason why so httle is said is, that Messrs. Breck & Co.
have received, the present season, orders for four hun-
dred more than Mr Howard has been able to manufac-
tore, and that they have no occasion to draw public at-
tention to ihem.

HARVESTING WINTER APPLES.

In another column will he found an extract from Ken-
rick's Orchardisi, giving a very good description of the
process of gathering the apples from the tree. — We have
a few things to add, and some to repeat. The dispatch
with which this work can be done, is determined partly
by the weight of the ladder used. Avery light one is
best. When resting against the branches of the tree and
touching at several points, a slendar ladder is suSiciciit
to give one safe support. The painter's ladder, touch-
ing the side of the house only at the lop, needs to be
strong, and consequently heavy ; but not so that of the
apple-picker : lii^ seldom loiif lies at the top, but usually
several feet below the top More than this, his ladder
should be in nearly an upright position, for when it is
thus placed

the calilc of various kimls were numerous and
[hem appeared well. The plowing match was \
tested by near twenty teams. We have selJom
witnessed a contest in which so many did wuU.

The Address by Mr A. Gray, of Andovcr, i» veij
vorably spoken of by all his hearers with wli.im uok
conversed His subject was, the aid wh
renders to agriculture.

NATIVE GRAPES.

On Saturday, Mi A. Ferry, of Sherburne, pre^

us with a box of the finest native grapes wc havti

tasted. We thought them sweeter than tli
and in the mouth they " Icfl do sting behii
natives usually do.

Isik

THE FIRST AUTUMNAL FROtf I
On the morning of Saturday last, our i
snowy white with frosl, the first this auii:
crops generally will sufi'er no harm from its Lii

On Sunday commenced a copious rain — wmd I
and violent — a real old-fashioo "equinoxtial" i;
that ho may rest a considerable part of his I sliaker. This morning there was snow. The riit
body against it, he is in his most favorable position for tinues up to this tinio, (Monday night,) tho
work. When thus placed, the ground is made to sup-
port nearly all the weight. On this mitter of placing
iho ladder, depends, in no small degree, iho quantity
which one will gather per day. A spruce polo 3 inches
through at the butt and 2 inches at top, split with tho
saw in the centre, is amply largo for a ladder '20 "icot
long. It should be set nearly perpendicular,
to leave

as that veracious personage, '* the P. D ,

his veered to the N. W. — The earth is »•
with water, and Iho springs will fill up for

MR SOLON ROBINSON.

We are happy to announce the arrival ol
il so as ' guished Iriend of agriculiuru in our i ilv I

the mass of the apple, at the sides, when it can I "•' ••'<= evening of Monday hnvio,
'■ the first train of cars through the SOI

be done. | milroad. Mr K. can be scon at ou-

Our ciutum is, to put tho gathered fruit into barrels in I munications for him may bo left.

i»

'OV. XX. MO. II.

AND H 0 R T I rU I. T II R A L REGISTER

111

umoi.ksam: i'KUKs criiui:M.

.■.V.;ir^."i A"v.i'
ms. llrnU Ciruss, $i liushrl. Terv liul« in mnrki-i-
'op, 50 lo 65 cents. Clover— Norlhern, 13g.— Siouih-
Klax Seed. Il 3T to 1 ao liu. Lucerne, «S c

)UK. The liiuiness done in this triicle hishoen Tory
te, mill the markfl closi-s cxcwilinijly ilull for«ll di
ans I he receipts ntc lihcral, luu nM*lly 8"'"^ '""'
iS the l!ir.fe holiler* nre not duponed to necepl present
Siilos (.ienesee. «>iiuium limnils, <6 5U n C 66 ; Fancy,

6 r.s ; Ohio, •« 37 pt-r Imrrel ; 300 IMs. Howard
16 37,60 days; 500 do Bnltimnre City Mills, *6 62.
, U't e»|Kirt: 200 do Georgituwn, »6 50, ca«h ; fiOi'
«r Orleans, sour, %i 50, 60 days. The arrirnl of ihi

ivhioh IS now moincnlly enix-cted, may change th<

on of the market.
UK -Hnllimore UowanI Street «« 50 lo G 62— Gen
ommon. 86 ;-6 to 6 61— Ohio 16 25 to 6 37— Ind
3 50,

1\.— Com — Northeri), bushel 72 tor4— Round Yel
—Southern Flat Yellow 75— White do 72. — By
J to 30— Oats— Southern 60 to 62 — Norlhern

VISIONS. The sales of Beef and Pork have h
pxlremelv limited, and quotations bein? entirely nom-
fford hut' little guide to the actual slate of the market
articles. Considerable business has lieen done in
he sales rather exceeding 2500 kegs, laken at price
from 7 a r l-2c. per lb., cash and 6 mos. cr. ; a sale
f 100 bbls No. 1 Beef, S6 62 a 7 per bbl , 4 inos.

Mes.i, 4 mo. bhl. nominal — do Navj— 89 00—
t: 00 a 7 60— Pork— Extra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 813 a 14
lear 812 50 a 13 00— do Mess 8ui a II 00— do

0 3 9 OO^kIo Mess from other Slates 810 a 11 00
le do do 8j 00 a 9 00— Clear do do 8|2 60 a 13 00
r, shipping 6c. a 12c. — do store, uninspected 10 a
ilairy 15 a IS— Lard, No 1, Boston ins. 7a8 — do
11 and Western, 6 a 7— Hams, Boston, 7 I » a 8 1 -2
ulhem and Western, 6 a 7— Cheese, Shipping and
4 a 6— do new milk, 5 a ?■

. per ton, 813 lo 20— Eastern Screwed 614 to 16.
ESE— Old II c — News.

14 a 16.

L — There has been a fair demand for all descriptions,
10 some csleol have been made at prices corre.s-
:;h ihe ranueof oHr quotniions. The stock of pul-
5 considerably diminished, while Ihal of fleece has
icreased, but the supply of either description is not

or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 43 a 50 c. — Amer-
1 ilorid.do 43 a 47— Do 3 4 do 42 a 44— Do. 1-2 do
-1-4 and common do 33 a 3f>— Spanish sheep, RF
a — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 23 — Do. un-
10 a 14 — Bengasi do ^ a lo — ^^axony, clean, — • a —
.\yrc3 unpicked, 7 a 10 — do do picked, — a — Sii-
<"orihern pulled iamb 42 a 43 — No. 1 do. do. do. 37
o. a do do do 26 a 30- No. 3 do do do 18 a 20.

■■•Ill I r \MM>U NV.IIKXrAI. 'rllKKS, *r

o'l /V.i./i -jyc,]. ,1,1.1 Chn<-<i V'ii.«. ilcnlliT.
Iton uuriTnlted in any former year, lor rxleiihivc
nuinliers of line Ireen, nf new and linesi kinds.
(1/ I'cch „n,i nf I'lum Trrr,. ihe liM ban
been increnveil by numerous nddilionN of new
kiiidii, ol those most highly productive, and valuable, many
of which are alike new lo our country, and very extraordi-
nary. Such were the selections made by the subscriber in
l-!urope, and in person during last nuluinn, where all have
b>'eii provwi. Those kinds already well known nninngst us
beini; identified by hiin bylho wood and ihe leaf.

Go<>.«eberrics of first quality. Apples, Uuinecs, Nectarines,
Apricots, Grape Yines, Raspberries, Curmnts, Strawber-
ries, &c. &c.

The new abridged and dcscrinlive Cittaloguc for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will be sent to all who apply.

Omamenlal Trees and Shrulis, ffnncysuckks, if-c. Splen-
did varieties of Double Vellnw Harrison and other Roses,
of Tree I'oconies, of Herbaceous I'Bconie*, and other flower-
ing plants — of Double Dahlias, &c. Rhubarb of first rale
newest kmds, Cockspur Th«nis, &c.

All orders addressed In the subscriber, will be prnmjilly
attended to; and Trees when so ordered, will be stcurely
packed in mntls and moss lor safe Iraiisportalion to all ilis-
lanl plai-es, by land or sen, and delivered in ihc eily free o(
charge for transporting by the wagon which is sent thither
daily. WILLIM KENRICK.

Nonaiilum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. C, 1841.

Oct. 6 eplDoc. 1

lirON MARKET.— MosDAT, Oct. 4, 1841.

Reported forllie .New Enelind F«rmer.
e.rket 850 Beef Cattle, 950 Stores, 2500 Sheep
I Swine.

iscquence of the severe storm, large numbers of
iheep and Swine remain unsold, and some sales
ibably made at prices less than our quotations viz.
s.— Bttf Cattle— F'lrsl quality, $5 ,50 a 6 00.
quality, $1 75 a 5 25. Third quality §3 50 a

.—Two year old $8 a 12. Three year old, .$13

, — Lois were sold from fSll 12, to $1 25.

. —Lots to peddle, from 3 to 3 1-1 for sows, and

1 for barrows. .\t retail, 4 to 5.

Popular fflafrazlnes. vrUti rich and Beautlfnl
KufpraTliiia:**

The subscribers being the authorized agents, supply sub-
scribers in all parts of N. England, as for the last eight
years, with the principle magazines, issued in this, and other
cities, as —

The Lady's Rook, and Lady's Jlmmcan Magazine,
Edited by Mr.« Hale, and Sigourn'y, with rich and most
bennliful engravings, monthly, at per year 83 00.

The work has attained a circulation of nearly 2000
Monlhly.

Graham's Ladie's and Gentleman's Magazine — with
original sloiies and the choicest engravings monthly, at per
year S3 DO.

The Youih's Medalton, — with Engravings and
Music, — twice a month, at per year 81 00.

The Christian Family Magazine, — at per year $1 00.

Address JORDAN & CO., 121 Washington, opposite
W:»!er street.

Intelligent men wanted as agents to these, and other works.

Oct. 6 3t

AIM' UK PAIIKK*.

JusI rec.'iv.'.l al lb.' New JmiliUiiiI AKricnIlurnI Wiiir-
bniifie, No .-.I mill fj \iirili Mnrkei Sireel, n g.ind lupplv of
Slanli-if .Vii;i<Tinr Appir I'.irrrt, n verv useful arliclf. Wiih
one of ibi'i.' mncbiiies a l.unbel of applet may l>o pared in
II very short tune in tlit- best |ionsi|,I(. manner, iinil wilhgrrdl
saving nf Ihe njiplc, as the uulsides miH' be taken nlTnt any
required thickness. The above is also (or siile at N I'. H
WILLIS', No 45 North Market Street, SCrDDKK, COR-
DIS *. CO., and HOSMKK & TAl'I'AN, Milk Sire. i.

Sept. I 6w JOSKI'H BRF.<;K & CO.

PRINCR'SNVHSKUIKH and OARnKNB.

The New Ciiiiiliigu.s are now ready for dis-
tribnlion <,Tiirit to all who apply, pnat pnUl, per
iiinil. They comprise nn immense assortment
of Fruits and Omamenlal Trees, Shrubbery,
ind Plants, liulbnns Flower Roots, and Dahlias,
(jreen House Plants, Garden Seeds, &c., all of which are
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Fluihing, will re-
ceive prompt attention. Ileow Sept. 8

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mere's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the time
of dnv in the garden or field. Price 76 cents. For talc by
J. BBLECK i- CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept I.

THERMO.METRICAL.

Reimrled for the New England Farmer,
of the Thermomeler at the Gardenof the proprietors
;w England Farmer, Brigbton, Mass. in a shaded
y cxiiosnre, week ending Oct. 3.

1841. |5,A.M. I 12,M. I 7,P.M. I Wind.

N. W.
S. W.
lay, J9 64 73 64 S.

E.
N. W.

E.

27

60

£4

60

28

40

71

66

29

64

73

64

30

48

64

62

I

37

66

49

2

35

60

48

3

61

48

42

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH,

Great improvements have been made Hie pasl year in the
form and worUiiiaiiship of these Plouijhs ; tlie mould beard
has been so formed as lo lau the furrmo completely oi-cr.
tumin/r in rrcry parliclr n/ grass or sluMile, and leaving Ihc
ground in the best possible manner. The length of the
mould board has b( a very much increased, so that the
Plough works with Ihe greatest ease, both with respect to
the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion I<e asked as lo which of the Ploughs
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo
the inquirer, if your land is inostlv light and easy lo work,
try Prouly & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hnni or rocky,
BEGIN WITH Mn. Howard's.''

At the above mcr.ttoned trial the Howard Plough did
more work, with Ihe same pmcer of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No ,ither turned more than Iwentyscen
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while ihe
Howard Plovgh tumeji tweidynine and one half inches, to
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shiic,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wilhoul
having lo furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secures
the mould hoard and landside Ingelher, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo 8l5. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost aboui
• lo 60, and with culler 8l, with wheel and culler, 82 60
extra.

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, at
Ihe New England .Xgricultural Warehouse and Seed Stwrc,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

GRUEN'S PATENT STRAIV COTTER.

JOSEPH BKl. ' -.v England Agricul-

tural Warehouse a.i.; .■ - ..i .-.i.i._ .\i.>. jl and 52 North Jlar-
k'el Street, have lor sale, Green's Paleiil Straw, Hay and
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not before
applied to aay implefnent lor this purpose. The most prom-
inent etfects of this application, and some of the consequeni
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a reduction of the quantum ol power requisite
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sufficient
lo work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bush-
els a minute, which is full twice as fasi as has been claimed
by any olher machine even when worked by horse or sleant
power-

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which ihejr
cut, require sharpening less ofien than those of any other
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its conslruction, made and put
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as the
complicaled machines in general use lo gel out of order.

ORIENTAL, POPPY.

The best time for planting this magnificent Perennial, is
the present time. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Pseo-
ny Whitljeii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
Tartarica, iS:c., from 50 cents to 8t 00 per root.

For sale by JOSEPH fclRECK, & CO., No. 51 aed 02
North Market Sireel. Sept. 1

BUIyBOUS RUliTS.

The subscribers offers for sale a great variety of Peeonies,
Lillys, Crown Imperials, and other Bulbous and fibrous
rooted plants which are most successfully planted in August.

Also, Hyacinths. Tulips, Narcissu?, and Bulbous roots of
every description. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Aug. U.

BDBIUKD T. HASTINGS A. CO.
Pore Sperm Uil.

No. 101 State St, keep con.«ianily for sale, Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached : which they
warrant lo be of the best quality and to burn witboat
crusting.

Uil Canisters of various sizes.

Boston, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

NEIV TURNIP SEED.

Just received and for sale at the New England Agricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 62 North Mar-
ket street,

600 lbs. TURNIP SEED, of ihe growth of 1841.

July 14. JOS. BRECK & CO.

112

NEW ENGLAND FAR M E R

OCT. 6, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE WANTS OF MAN.

BT JOHN aUINCY ADAM8.

'* Man want^ but little here ImIutt
Nor wanta that little long."

OoULtmitk'a Ilermit.
'* Mud wants }iut little here l)eIo\v

Nor wants that little long."
'Tis not with me exactly so —

But 'tis so ill the son;^.
Mti wants are many, and if told
VVould muster many a score ;
And were each wi.sh a mint of gold,
I still should long for more.

What first I want is daily hrcad,

And canvass-ltacks* and wine j
And all the realms of nature spread

Before me when I dine.—
Four courses scarcely can provide

My appetite to quell,
With four choice cooks from France hesides,

To dress my dinner well.

What neit I want at heavy cost.

Is elcsiant atlirc ;
Black sulile furs for winter's frost,

And silks for summer's fire,
And Cashmere shawls and Brussels lace

My bosom's front to deck —
And diamoud rings my hands to grace ;

And ruhics for my neck.

And then I want a mansion fair,

A dwellin!' house in style,
Four stories niili, for wholesome air,

A massive marble pile :
With halls for bannucts and for balls,

All furnished rich and fine;
With stabled studs in fifty stalls

And cellars for my wine ; —

I want a garden and a pari:

My dwelling to surrouml,
A thousand acres, (bless the mark)

With walls cncompass'd round.
Where flocks may range and herds may low,

And kids and lumbkms play —
And flowers and fruils cominmgl'd grow,

All Edeu to display.

I want, when summer's foliage falls,

And autumn strips the trees,
A house within the city's walls

For comfort and for ease — ■
But here as space is somewhat scant

And acres rather rare.
My house in Town I only want

To occupy a S<iuarc.

I want a Steward, Butler, Cooks,

A Coachman, Footman, Grooms;
A library of well bound books.

And picture-garnished rooms,
Corregins, Magdalen, and Night,

The Matron uf the chair:
Guido's fleet coursers iu their flight,

And Claudes at least a pair.

I want a cabinet profuse

Of medals, coins and gems ;
A printing press for private use

Of fifty thousand cms.
And plants and minerals and sheila,

Worms, insects, fishes, birds ;
And every beast on earth that dwells

In solitude ur herds.

I want a board of burnished plate.

Of silver and nfgold.
Tureens of Iwcniv pounds in weight

With sculpture's richest mould:
Plateaus with chandeliers and lamps,

Plates, dishes ull the same :
And porcelain vases with the stamps

Of Sevres, Angouleme.

And maples of fair glossy stain

Must form my chimlier doors.
And carpets of the Wilton grain

Must cover all my floors ;

*A species of wild duck, highly prized by epicures.

Mv walls with tapestry bedecked

Iviust never be outdone ;
And damask curtains must protect

Their colors from the sun.

And mirrors of the larsest pane

From Venice must be brought ;
And sandjl wood and bamboo-cana

For chairs and tables bought;
On all I he mantel-pieces, clocks

Of Ihrice gilt bronze must stand.
And screens of ebony and box

Invite the stranger's band.

I want— -(who does not want ?)• a wife,

Affectionate and fair ;
To solare all the woes of life,

And ail its joys to share.
Of Lemper sweet — of vielding will.

Of firm yet placid niind ;
Vi'itb all my faults tolc.ve me still,

With sentiment refined.

And as Time's car incessant runs,

And fortune fills my store,
I Want of daughters and of sons

From eight to half a score.
I want (alas! can mortal dare

Such bli-NS on earth to crave?)
That all the girls be chaste and fair~

The boys all wise and brave.

And when my bosom's darling sings

With melody divine,
A pedal harp of many strings

Must with her voice combine.
A piano, exquisitely wrought,

Musi open stand, apart;
That all my daughters may be taught

To win the stranger's heart.

My wife and daughters will desire

Refreshmenls from perfumes,
Cosmetics for the skin require,

And artificial blooms.
The Civet, fragrance shall dispense

And trensur'd sweets return :
Cologne revive the flagging sense.

And smoking amber burn.

.\nd when, at night my weary head

Itegins to droop anil dose.
A southern chamber holds my bed

For nature's soft repose :
With blankets, counterpanes and sheet ;

M,ittress and bed of down
And comfortables for my feet :

And pillows for my crown.

I want a warm and faithful friend

To cheer the adverse hour:
Who ne'er lo flattery will descend

Nor bend the knee to power ;
A friend to cliiiie me when I'm wrong,

My inmost soul to see;
And that my friendship prove as strong

For him, as his fur me.

I want a kind and lender heart.

For others wants to feel ;
A soul secure from Fortune's dart,

And bosom arm'd with steel,
To bear divine chasliseincnt's rod ;

And mingling in my plan.
Submission to the will of God

With Charity to Man.

I want a keen, observing eye ;

An ever listening car.
The truth through all disguise to spy,

And wisilom's voice toTiear ;
A tongue to spcnk at virtue's need

In Heaven's subliniest strain :
And lips, the cause of Man lo pietid,

And never plead in vain.

I want uninterrupted health

Throughout my long career;
And streams of never failing wealth

To scatter far and near,
The destitul* lo clothe and feed

Free bounty lo bestow ;
Supplv the helpless orphan's need

And sooth the widow's wo.

I wont ihe genius to conceive.

The talents lo unfold
Designs, the vicious lo retrieve ;

The virtuous to uphold ;
Inventive power, combining skill ;

A persevering soul.
Of human hearts to mould the will,

And reach from Pole to Pole.

I want the seals of power and place,

The ensigns of command ;
Charged by the People's unbought grace,

To rule my native Land—
Nor crown, nor sceptre would I ask,

But from my coontrv'"s will,
By day, by night, to ply the task

Her cup of bliss to fill.

I want the voice of honest praise

To follow me behind ;
And to be thought in future days

The friend of human kind.
That after ages as they rise

Exulting may proclaim
In choral union to the skies

I'heir blessings on my name.

These are the wants of mortal man,

I cannot want them long —
For life itself is but a span

And earthly bliss a song,
Mv last great want absorbing all

is, when beneath the sod.
And summon'd to my final call ;

The mcTojofmii God.

And oh ! while circles in my veins

Of life the purple stream;
And yet a fragment small remains

Of nature's transient dream ;
My soul, in humble hojie unscar'd

Forget not thou lo pray.
That this ihy want may be prepared

To meet the judgTJicnt duy.
ISHINGTON, 14th June, 1840.

ISO

do.

AGRICCLTURAL. IMPLEMEiKTS, Ac.

The Proprietors of the New f^ngland Agricultural Wi
house and Seed Slore No. 51 and 52 North Market sir
would inform their customers and the public generally '
they have on hand the most extensive asfortmenl of A
culluial and Horticultural Tools to be fouud in the Uu
Slates. Part of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Pateut Cast 100 doz. Cast Steel Shov

Iron Ploughs
3Dn Common do, do.
200 Cultivators.
100 Greene's Straw Cutlers.
M Willis' do. do.
mo Common do. do,
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
GO Common do do.
2oO Willis' Seed Sowers.
no " Vegetable Cutters
GO Common do

200 Hand Corn IMills.

200 Grain Cradles.

100 Ox Yokes.
1500 Doz. Scythe Stones.
3OU0 '- Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

Common

Spades.

Grass Scythes.

alrnt Snailhs.

Common do.

Hay Rakes.

Garden do.

Manure Forks.

Hay do.
600 Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
too Drall do,
600 Tie up do.
60 doz. Haller do.
1000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on roUc

600
300
200
500
200
200
300

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Tnice Chains, suitable lor Ploughing,
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & C
IN'o. 02 North Market si. April 2

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLY PAPER.

The Editorial department ofthin paper having cc
into the bands of iho subscriber, he is now author!
by the publishers to inform the public that the prici
llio paper in reduced. In future iho lorms will bo
per year in adrance, or J2 50 if not paid within th
days. ALLEN PUTNAM

N. B. — PojtmBBlors arc required by la»v to fronk
subscriptions and remittancce for newspapers, with
expense to subscribers.

TUTTl.E AMD DE.NNETT, PRINTERS.

'^ N ^^ " <> li '^ I (; U L T U R A L REGIS T E R .

^

I'UHLISHED BV JOSKPII liRECK & CO.. NO. 52 NOUTH MARKKT STHI.-I.T ,. . ,, i« » . . ,

^ ' * i-«<Jttiii ftiAiiKh, I hUthKT, (AoHicULTOBAi Wa»iiiou««.)— ALf.K.N PUTNAM, EDITOR.

OL. XZ.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER i:}, 1841.

N . E . FARMER

For the N. E. P»rm«r.

.MORTG.\GE INCUMBRANCE.
AiLEN I'lTNAM, Es(j. — Sir— OnB of the c!iief
mirancoi to a more prosperous state of things
noil;; till! agricultural cominiinity, is to bo found, 1
prelicnil, in tlic embarrassments arising^ from rnorl-
ges on their estates. — It was stated some time
\cc by an a^'ricultural paper in Maine, that three
Ihs of tlie farms in that State were under thisspo-
53 of incumbrance. Though I must tliink this
mber far too high, yet the evil it estimates is
jch more extensive llian is generally supposed,
id constitutes an obstacle of so serious a nature
the thrift of the landed interest, as to justify
mo imiuiries a.' to its ori^'in and some sugges-
ins as to the means by which it may be lessened,
prevented from gaining a more e.xtended preva-
nce.

And here I will premise, that it is far cnsier to
jgest some remedies for the evil than to specify
rreclly its causes : — the former readily present
imselves to the mind, but the latter are so many
<1 so various, that it is difficult to decide which
3 exercised the most di.<iastrous influence in in-
cintr the ovil. and to which it in most referable
a majority of the cases where it exists.
It may be safely said, generally, I presume, that
has its origin in man's Jtpravily, his rupiMy,
! imprudfiice, or his pn'(fc,— though it would be'
ke uncharitable and unjust to deny that in many
3es it is produced by far different and more jus-
able causes.

The first named influence has contributed to-
rds it, by the losses incident upon a course of
eness and dissipation— in gambling, liorse-trad-
r, and the like.

Cupidil;/ — an inordinate and unreasonable de-
e fur sudden wealth— has contributed to produce
n various ways, but in none with more disastrous
nsequences than by inducing a participation in
Tie scheme of speculation, around which fancy
■ows a golden charm, and portrays a pleasing
te of independence as the certain result of an
•estment in the en/erpnie. Soon the whole pro-
It 13 proved to have been but a bubble, blown
o existence one day to burst the next, and the
idulous shareholder in its "moonshine" linds
iiself near the verge of ruin.
To imprudence, also, in a vast number of cases
.y be traced this evil of embarrassment by mort-'
ge, — in attaching one's name, by way of friend-
accommodation, to a note, bond, or some paper
like force, without considering the danger at-
idant upon the act and the omnipotence of iu
lure. In this way— by such acts of unsuspect-
i friendshi)), too many are ready to attest they
leived tlie first impetus in their downward course
'ife.

Pridt, too, laatly—man's pride— a desire to be
)ughl wealthy merely for the name, when he is
no means able to support such dignity— or per-

[NO. 15.

haps in the expectation of gaining thereby increas-
ed respect, popularity and influence in the commu-
nity whore he dwells ;— this preeminently foolish
passion has lent itj aid to swell, to some extent,
the evil under consideration. I have heard of n
case in point — where a farmer, "well to do" in the
world, but wishing to appear, in the eyes of his
townsmen, much bettor able "to do" than cither
common wisdom or the length of his purse dicta-
ted, encumbered his farm with a mortgage simply
for the purpose (so report said) of raising money
wherewith to furni.sh liia house in grander style,
send his pet daughter to a boarding school, and in
lieu of "the nld mare" and homely wagon, procure
a fine carryall and horse to match. (And here I
cannot refrain from adding, by way of illustrating
how uncertain arc the chances of piipulnr distinc-
tion under our republican government, that this
would-be honored farmer, notwithstanding all his
flourish, has never yet succeeded in inducing his
fellow-citizens to gratify his towering ambition,
eiihcr by honoring him with their sufl'ra;;es as their
representative to the great and general court, or by
electing him commander-in-chief of— the village
militia company I His constituents, that he would
hme to be, seem to bo of the opinion that mere
wealth, much less a mere show of wealth, is no
equivalent for a lack of mental ability and com-
mon education.)

The above specified influences in human action,
appear to me to be among the chief inducements of
mortgage incumbrance. At least, one or the other
of them has produced it iu most of the cases I have
known and heard of. Other causes doubtless there
are of which I am ignorant ; but considering I have
named the most active, I now pass to the remedy
I have to propose for the evil, and the means by
which I imagine it may bo prevented from making
farther progress in its disastrous course.

As before hinted, this seems an easy part of my
undertaking. Honest industry— in these two sim-
ple words, I conceive, lies the " matchless .sanative"

for the ills in question : — honest industry a wise

and prudent husbandry of the means you have yet
in your power— it is the.se (aided by the blessings
of good health and vigor of body,) that form the
antidote to waning fortune and the power by which
lost property may be repossessed — Tlie term hojiest
industry I use as precluding the exercise of the
icor«< of the influences specified above: those vi-
cious propensities have no affinity with iio.tkst
iNDi-STRV : this adopted as a governing principle,
you will look to no other source for wealth than the
true, legitimate one— your own hands and the
smiles of heaven ; and you will suffer no pecuniary
losses III ministering to the indulgence of vicious
inclinations or a silly vanity, for with these, as I
have remarked, ii...vF.sr i.-vdustry has no fellow,
ship. Labor, wisely directed— honest, honorable
labor, will regain you— slowly, it may be, but none
the less surely for that— your lost standin.' in so-
ciety, his, indeed, ihe only certain means by
which you can regain that which you have lost or
realize that which is the object of your desire.
Another remedial agent for this evil occurs to '

1110, which may bo worthy of mention Many far-
mers whose estates are under incumbrance, have
sons. Instead of sending or permitting these to
como to the city for employment, let ihem be en-
couraged to stay at home :—//i<^ will gain by it,
in a moral point of view, doubtless bevond any es-
lim.ite we can make; and .you— their fiithers—mny
gain by it, if you but rightly employ them, in the
aid they are capable of aflurding you in extending
the resources of your farm and increasing its for-
tility, and thus enabling you the sooner t't. extri-
cate yourself from pecuniary liabilities. I am not
certain that this recommendation will bo received
by the more exporisnced as a dictate of practical
wisdom : I can only advance in its support, that it
seems such to me.

But how can you employ your sons at home with
any great advantage to you .' you may ask. And
yet if you area constant reader of this paper, whose
excellent editor has given you so many valuable
practical lessons pertaining to the profitable man-
agement of the farm, I know not why I should er-
pect from you such an interrogatory.— There is a
cardinal principle in husbandry,' which passes cur-
rent as an undisputed maxim, and the wisdom of
which I certainly do not mean to call in question:
I would only protest against it as a principle of
universal application:— it is — "Cultivate a little
land, and cultivate that well." Now I would rather
say, in your case — to you who are endeavoring to
frocyoiir property of incumbrance, and have s^ons
to aid you— "Cultivate a ^ood deal of land, and
cultivate thai «•£?/.» Proceed upon this principle,
and the presumption is warranted that you will find
profitable employment for yimr sons.

You will not object to this advice that you have
not the means of fertilizing much land,— you will
not raise this objection, when the virtues of th«
hidden treasures of the earth and the substances
which abound cm its surface, as promoters of pro-
ductiveness, have been revealed to you so ofi and
so convincingly through these pages, and the mun-
ner in which they may be best compounded and

applied, demonstrated by scientific reasons Have

you no muck on your premises ? If you have, make

your hog-pen your chief manure manufactory ; if

you have not this source of enriching material, you
doubtless have woodland— forest— or swamp— go
to these with your sons— take the rich virgin soil
from the former, and whatever you can find in the
latter— gather turf from the roadside, end the leave*
from under your trees and in the corners of your
fields ;— if you live near the seaboard, draw upon
its fertilizing facilities too, — mix these and any
useless vegetable substances you can find, with
your stable and hog manure;— make each year a
big mountain of a compost heap, with these mate-
rials—or, better still, perhaps, tittle mountains of
the like;— keep your sons employed in this busi-
ness, whenever they can be spared from other la-
bor, and I feel confident that you will soon find
you have tlie means — ample means — for increasing
the fertility of your soil, the number of your culti-
vated acres, and doubling the quantity of your crops
—and that you will be convinced, also, that tha

114

NEW ENGLAND FA R M E R

OCT. 13, 1 41

profits arisin;,' troin l!ic application of tliose means,
are in no small degree ascribable to your keeping
your sons nt home.

Bui I am admoniolied, Mr Editor, that T have al-
ready trespassed too much upon your space witli
my commonplace and perhaps profitless remarks
upon "hat, for aught I know, may be deemed a
trivial malter; and I will close with the expression
of a wish, sincerely entertained, that those of our
farmers who are embarrassed by the incumbrance
of mortgage, may speedily be enabled by some
means — but not nt all except by honest means — to
regain the full possession of their property; and
that those who have thu< far kept clear of bccojii-
ing involved in like difliculty, may never be tempt-
ed to do so, except compelled to it by the imperious
demands of stern necessity.

Truly yours and the farmer's friend,

J. II. I).

Oy^The foregoing communication touches upon
a subject in which many are deeply interested ; but
upon which it is difficult to give any other aijvice
than the rules tor good husbandry and profitable
cultivation. The remarks of our correspondent
carry the impression that more of the mortgages
\ipon farms are the consequence of faults on the
part of farmers, than we suppose to be correct. —
When the father of a family dies, one of the sons
often buys out the other heirs : a young man works
at fanning by the month until he accumulates
twelve or fifteen hundred dollars, and then buys a
Binall place for twenty or twentyfivo hundred dol-
lars, and gives a mortgage. These are common
cases, and in very many instances these young
men pursue a wise course. " Honest industry,"
with sound economy in expenditures, and good judg-
ment in buying and selling, will ordinarily relieve
such men from their obligations in a few years. —
It is desirable that every farmer should he striving
to take up the mortgages upon his place; but the
cases are numerous in which there is no want of
discretion in giving a mortgage — En.

This question may not be of much consequence to
farmers genersUy, but to such as are seeking for
a particular breed in its purity, the matter may be
highly interesting. — En.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETy.

The following is a li.ot of the officers of the So-
ciety, elected October 2d, 1841 : —
President — M. P. Wilder.
Vice Presidents — B. V. French, Jona. Winship,

C. Newhall, E. M. Richards.

Treasurer — S. WaJker. I

Corresponding Secretary — J. R. Tcschcmacher.

Recording Secretary — Eben. Wight.

Prof, of Botany and Vegetable Physiology — John
Lewis Russell, A. M.

Professor of Entomology— T. W. Harris, M. D.

Professor of Horticultural Chemistry — S. L. Da-
na, M. D.

Sta.NDINO COMSIITTEES.

Committee on Fruits — B. V. French, Chairman ;
R. Manning, P. I!. Hovey, L. P. Grosvenor, Wm.
Kenrick, .T. A. Kenrick, S. Pond, O. Johnson, S.
Walker, F. W. Macondry, J. Breck.

Committee on Flowers — C. M. Hovey, Chairman;

D. Ha<rgerston, J. Breck, S. Sweetser, S. R. John-
son, W. E. Carter, J. Stickncy.

Committee on Vegetables — S. Pond, Chairman ;
P. B. Hovey, Jr., Kufus Howe, John Hovey, A. D.
Williams, J. A. Kenrick.

Commillfe on the Library — M. P. Wilder, Chair-
man; R. T. Paine, C. K. DiUaway, C. M. Hovey,
B. V. French, S. Walker.

Committee vn Synonyms of Fruit — R. Manning,
Chairman ; S. Downer, E. M. Richards, W. Ken-
rick.

Executive Committee — iM. P. Wilder, Chairman;
Wm. Oliver, B. V. French, E. M. Richards, C.'M.
Hovey.

Finance Committee — E. Vose, Chairman ; W.
Oliver, B. V. French.

MASSACHUSETTS PLOUGHMAiV.
We have before us the first number of the pa-
per whose title heads this article. Mr Buckmin-
gter, who hns edited the Cultivator, is at its head.
Mr B. is active in the cause to which he devotes
himself, and on very many points in husbandry his
opinions are in accordance with our own, and con-
sequently we deem them sound. The first No. in-
dicates that the Plouffhinan ivill be what the Cul-
tivator wa'", a paper devoted to agriculture and to
various miscellaneous matters. Though we think
that Mr B. holds on with perseverance to sonic
theories which are unsound, he yet has more that
are good, and we cordially wish him success in his
labors. — En.

The Cultivator's Jiccount of Durham Stock Ex-
hibited at the Esser County Cattle Show. — This ac-
count speaks of a hull "out of a full blood cow of
the stock of the Hon. John Welles," There may
be no incorrectness in this statement, and yet we
have the impccssion that though the Hon. Mr
Welles' stock are of high and good blood, that he
has crossed so as to bring in strains of blood from
several of the best breeds of cattle. This state-
ment, if correct, is nothing against his slock, but
may be in its favor. The only point to which we
wish to draw the attention of the editor, is the sin-
gle question whether that stock la pure Durham ?

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Exhibition of Fruits, Oct. 2f/.

From Col. Bigelnw, of .Medford ; a fine specimen
of St. .Michael Pears, Blue Pearmainc Apples, and
a kind unknown.

From Col. Wilder; Brown Beurre and (Jallabass
Pears.

From Wm. Kenrick; a large red Apple, called
the Coggswcll.

From Peter Wainwright, Roxbury ; a large red
Apple, name unknown.

From J. L. L. F. Warren : four dishes of excel-
lent Peaches — Schuylkill and Isabella Grapes.

From S. R. Johnson, Charlcstown ; a fine speci-
men of Sweetwater Grapes.

From Samuel Pond ; six dishes of fine Plums.

From John Kenrick ; a fine specimen of Lemon
Peaches.

From Mr Manning, Salem; Foster's St. Mi-
chael, Urbanisle, a ne»v kind (unknown,) Beurre
Bronze, Belle of Flanders, St. Michael, Bi/.e la
Mott, Long Green, Jalousie, Heathcote, Brown
Beurre, Alpha, Wilkinson, Fulton, and Jalousie (of
la Vende) Pears — all excellent specimens of their
kinds.

For the Committee,

B. V. FRENCH

From the New York Tribune.

SILK.

Reasons why the people of the United Stat'='
especially the farmers, should engage in the but
ness of silk growing:

1st. Because silk forms the heaviest item in ti
catalogue of our importations.

2d. Because we possess the means of doing
to better advantage than any other nation.

;Jd. Because the necessary skill is easily acqui
ed, and no nation ever possessed better talents
acquire it.

4th. Because the nation is under heavy embarrasi
ments on account of excessive importations, at
no other means are so sure of success in providir
the necessary relief.

5th. Because it can be effectually engaged
by all classes of people, requiring little or no cap

6th. Because we have more spare land than ai
other nation, and much well suiti-d to the grow
of the mulberry, which is worn out for other pu
poses.

7tli. Because wo are already well stocked wii
the mulberry trees, which will be lost to the natic
if not used for that purpose.

8. Because a stock of silk worms may bo obtaii
ed the first year, equal to what could be reared
any other live stock in a great portion of a li
time.

!)tli. Because raw silk or cocoons are alwaj
surer of sale than almost any other commodity.

lOtli. Because it is a very certain crop.

llth. Because the labor of growing a crop,
silk requires only six or seven weeks, while that •
almost any farming crop requires more than i
many months.

I2lh. Because most of the labor will be perforn
ed by women, children or invalids — who, thoup
willing, are unable to perforin other profitable h
bor.

i:3th. Because the growing and manufacture
silk has never failed to be a source of wealth
any nation which embarked in it.

A. OF THE North.

If justice is not due to brutes, neither is it to men

$'-j— CHICKENS— MUCK.

Five dollars reward.' No. What then.' Wl
five dollars for the New England Farmer, accou
panied by a few linos that are worth publishing.

From up country a subscriber writes : "I enclot
vou five dollars, to prevent being stricken froi
your list of subscribers; for how could I contoi
myself without an agricultural adviser. Your p;j
per costs but the paltry price of a dozen chicken
whose lives may be saved by five lines of the mat
ter contained in your pages." * * " To pa.'
among the farmers this fall, in our vicinity, yo
would find preparation for the use of inuck in a ter
fold greater quantity than in any preceding yeai
I have taken about 400 loads from the bed ihi
season, but have not much experience in its use a
yet. I am daily making imiiiiries. I tiiink yo
need not spare to cry Muck, Muck!"

It is computed that .'?4,000,000 are annually earn
ed by the females in Massachusetts, employed i
the various factories and manufactories of 6tra\
hats, slocks, and the like. The number of female,
so employed is about 40,000, of whom about 24,00(
arc in tlie woollen factories.

vol.. XX. NO. 1.1.

AND H O R T I CMT L T U R A I, K E f i I S T K R

115

r loiii ihe Ktrmcr'i Guelte.

ACRICULTl'KAL SOCIKTY.
Wlial is llie object aiiiieil at in llio flT.irlii mnjo
(f ntjriciiltiiral inipriivciiieiit .- .\iul how does
icli iiuproveinciil ntVccl the farmers ?
The ohjccl Biiiioil Bl is not iiicrt-ly to excite more
tciilioii to the subject of furiniiiii jroncrally — imr
it to IcaJ our farmers to launch out into prcal
penihliircs upon their fiirn)* — nor to introduce
(ubtt'ul experiments or cosily mode of cultiva-
The true object is, to incite our farmers to
lopt that mode of cultivatmn which causes tno
des of grass to prow, whore but one prew he-
re, in connexion with that spirit of personal en-
rpi/.o and emulation which shall induce them to
it forth their whole energies in their occupation,
d by leading them to reflection and careful c.im-
rison, enable tJiom to employ to the utmost ad-
ntagc the means they already possess.
This induces increased elFort ; and who will not
rfully make such ctTort, when certain that its
ulis will be returned ten-fold int" its own bos-
Phis increased effort does not necessarily
d to increaseil expense ; for although more care

I labor are requisite to cultivate land well than
et it cultivate itself, — yet if that cnrc and labor
io much saved from procrastination, the thief of

,e or from dissipation, the death of hopes, —

o can lament its bcstowment.' Who will not
jicc at such expenditure ?

riie object aimed at, therefore, is not the inlro-
tion of more expensive modes of cultivation,
the adoption of that system of farmlnof, and the
itement of that spirit among the farmers, which

II enable them to double their crops in quantity,
greatly improve their quality, by their own

1 directed and more spirited efforts.
he expense of cultivating the farm, aside from
n increased efforts, and the consumption of pro-
is upon the farm, remain the same; and of
rse, therefore, all increase in quantity and im-
ement in quality, increases the marketable sur-
, and the farmer is just so far the richer,
e too it is worthy of notice, that this is an an-
' increase, and is to the fanner jiist us valuable
"he had so enlarged his capital that the addi-
•i\ interest upon it was just equal to that in-
ae of income. But this is not all. The im-
ement of one year is but the stepping stone for
her. Ihe increase of the fertility of the soil
le year forms the foundation for still greater
ovement in the years to come. The expan-
of the mind and the increase of knowledge
)pen the door for still higher attainments.
4nu3 much for the farmer. What for his cliil-
In the present condition of society among
yl ic young man of 21, who, with right moral
iplea, and a proper preparation for a profes-
1 ri or a trade, relies alone for success in life on
wn energies and the powerful workings of his
regulated mind, is far better situated than he
is content to live upon the accumulations of
Such is usually the case witli the eldest
.jlof farmers. 'Ihe patrimonial acres will not
re a division during the life of the father, and
only resource therefore is to seek employ-
some city, or a home in the wide west,
youngest son succeeds to the paternal estate,
e, living with his father when years had bro-
is physical powers, and time and care had
id his mental energies, has acquired the hab-
d feelings of the father when the inole-hill

I had become a mountain and there were lions in
Ithowny.' Thono liabits hang like a mill-stone
nrniind his neck, and crinh his every aspiration for
1 higher effort!". Why should he mnko greater cf-
I forts thnii his father? Why should ho rise early,
an<l sil lip late, and eat the bread of watchfulness?
Ho sees no necessity for exertion. Ilis Oitlier has
pursued the same course, and has Biicrecdcd well
in life.

lie forget?, that he begins where his fiither end-
ed— and he is atteniptinu' to carry on Ihe same
biisino.is, with the same habits of expenditure, but
" ithoiit the means. He retains the whole farm, for
lli.^ affections cling to it as a whole. The personal
property of the father pays debts, or is distributed
to the other members of the family, and In- as-
sumes to pay the balance of their shares.

He enters upon life, therefore, w'ith a farm, but
without means to stock or to cultivate it, and deeply
in debt. He dares not deviate from the practice
of his father, lest thereby he increase the burden
already crushing his energies and paralyzing his
every effort.

This of course is not the case in every instance,
but in far too many. Is it to be wondered at,
therefore, that so large a proportion of our farmers
are involved in debt, or that there is so little pro-
gress in agriculture among us ?

Why need this be ? Why should the art of til-
ling the soil remain stationary, while all else is
moving onward in the march of improvement ?

Let but our fnrmers be inspired with the true
spirit, and their sons will no loiif;er need to seek a
distant home ; but over progressing in improve-
ment, the farm divided among the sons, in each
several part would yield far richer returns than its
present products, cultivated as it is without means
and almost without hope.

What to the proud self-relying farmer can be a
source of higher satisfaction, than the spectacle
around him of well-cultivated farms with their neat
dwellings, occupied by his own manly and inde-
pendent sons ?

What farmer will sit down satisfied with his
present condition, when there is so vast a field for
effort and improvement before him ?

Let our farmers, therefore, one and all, unite in
the efforts now made, and the condition and pros-
pects of the farming interest among us will be
greatly improved. CHAS. ROBINSON,

Ck airman of Executive Commillee.

New Haven, Sept. 27, 1841.

HINTS FOR THE MONTH.

The past months have been devoted chiefly to
the production, — the present must be to the pres-
ervation of crops.

Corn should be suffered to stand in the shock,
until it has become fully ripened by nourishment
from the stalk — but not later, as husking with cold
fingers is unpleasant. Let it be placed whore it
will be well exposed to the air; as the quality of
corn, both lor domestic consumption and for feed-
ing animals, is greatly injured by moldiness, even
of the cob only, though it may appear perfectly
sound. For the same reason, care should be taken
that shocks of corn standing on low ground, are not
injured by wet weather.

Potatoes, after digging, should not be exposed to
the sun. They lose their fine quality, and acquire
more or less of bitterness, when kept in cellars ex-
posed to the light merely. Those for immediate
domestic use, should be kept in barrels, and the

rent either in large bins lined ond covered with
turf, or mixed with niirth in barroU or hognheadu,
or else hurried in huaps in the open air. But vtn-
tiliiiion i.i necrstarij. \ hole BJiould bo made -vilh
a stick or crowbar in the upper part of every pota-
to heap, nnd continue open till the HOverrnt weath-
er sets in; for want of this, thoiiaands of bushels
are lost yearly, and the Iobj attributed to frost only.

Apples, nnd all root rro|n, ni-ed the samo care,
hut turnips more especially, which will inevitably
be ruined unless the hnalud air from the heap caa
pass off.

Mangel wurtzel and BUgar beets should bo com-
pletely secured by the end ol the month, and ruta-
bagas not much later, if the danger of loss by freez-
ing is to be avoided. Got a ruta-baga hook, de-
scribed in our eighth number of this year, by which
a man may easily harvest an acre a day.

Winter apples should be gathered before the ar-
rival of severe frost — till near the end of the month
— they should be carefully picked by hand by
means of convenient ladders — and should not be
suffered to become in the least degree bruised un-
til they are well packed. — Genesee Farmer.

For ihe N. E. Farmci'.

HOUSES FOR TOOLS.
" Economy is weallh."

Every farmer should provide himself with a con-
venient building for the storage of his tools during
wjnier.

The cost of such a Btriiclure would be but slight-
ly, contrasted with its importance, and would be
convenient for other purposes when not needed for
the protection of tools. Most farmers are shock-
ingly remiss in this particular, and many who are
emulous of being thought " g-oo(//urmer.«," and who
are really exemplary patterns, in other respects,
lose annually far more by the careless exposure of
their tool.*, during winter, than would be reciuired
to keep them in complete repair the year round.

How often indeed is it the case that we see the
yards of farm-houses, cluttered and encumbered
with wheels, carriages, and drags, sometimes buried
in snow and ice, and sometimes partially protected
by a temporary shed or covering of boards I And
how often are the feelings of the economical farm-
er shocked, during his winter peregrinations, by
that most revolting of all sights — a cart stationed
beneath the ham window in order that it may be
ready loaded in the spring ! ■' !

Visit the domicil of such a farmer, and ten to
one you will find his wood-house sans wood, and
his children without shoes. Such economy is not
wealth, and reminds one of the use practiced by
tlie negro who hung up his pig to fat, in order to
obviate the difficulty of lifting him when he became
a hog. n. D. W.

H'indham, Me. Oct, 1, 1841.

Milk and Meal for Chickens.— We purchased a
pair of uuusually fat chickens from a country wag-
on, a few days since, and had the curiosity to in-
quire of the seller how he succeeded in getting
them 80 fat. His reply was that he fed them with
Indian meal and milk. Merely take uncooked
meal and wet it up with cold sweet milk, and feed
liberally, and your chickens will fatten as rapidly
as can be desired. There is a pleasure in carry-
ing fat poultry to market ; and all our farmers may
eiijov this pleasure, by following the above direc-
tion in feeding. — Farmer's Gazette.

116

THE OX— EFFECTS OF KIND TREATMENT, j

In a domestic stale, treatment does much either
to improve or injure the condition ol this animal.
lis influence may be seen in the body and disposi-
lion, independently of the uniount of food it requrres.
One that has kind tre.itment, ond is caressed by
its owner, liardly ever fails of bein^ in good condi-
tion, «liiie, on tlie other hand, one that is beaten
and fears Us owner, and flies from his presence, is,
most {jenerally, inn bad condition, and is not of
half the value of the former.

Hence, in addition to the dictates of liiiinanity,
interest should compel us to treat the ox and other
domestic animals with kindness, as, without this, a
farmer must necessarily fail in all alteinpts at thf
improvement of his stock.

When first brought under the dominion of man,
and subjugated to the yoke, something like harsh-
ness IS necessary, till the individual is suhilued.
This, if followed by kindness, will make obedience
more certain; it will geciire a good understanding
between the parties. The subjugation will be con-
sidered, in the first place, as a matter of right by
the weaker party ; it meets with the same trials in
& state of nature, and is therefore no infraction of
a law of nature, or trespass on the bounds of jus-
tice, for e.Tpericnce has taught it harsher lessons,
while roaming its native plains and woodlands. —
When, however, it has submitted to the yoke of
servitude, acts of kindness only can secure a devo-
tion to our interest; if our treatment is marked
with cruely, it rouses a spirit of revenge, or breaks
it down to a statu of stupid indifference, and cre-
ates, in thr room of a faithful servant, a sullen, ill-
tempered dependant.

His Intellect. The intellect of the ox, though
less than that of the horse, is yi.'t of a high charac-
ter, when compared with a majority of animals. —
That he is i-apable of filling the sphere in which
he was destined to move, before his reclamation
from the forest, is saying no more than can bo said
of all other animals. Jlis intellect, under a course
of education, will advance him higher than what
we should expect from his ordinary -appearance in
a state of servitude.

Under some circumstances, he even exhibits the
sagacity of the dog. In South Africa, the Hotten-
tots train their oxen not only to guard themselves
but their flocks. In case of war with neighborini^
tribes, he is sent forward on the battle field, and
the herd, moving in concert, overthrow every op-
posing obstacle, and thus prepare the way for an
easy conquest of the enemy. They in fact arc

both the protectors and servants of the Caffre

What the character of the Caffre ox is, so probably
was our domestic ox previous to his galling servi-
tude to the European. He is equally susljeptible
of improvement under tlie hand of culture, and
equally capable of increasing his amount of ser-
vice and of value. His fidelity and usefulness may
yet be increase^ during his life, and when put to
the stall for slaughter, ho may yield a two-fold
value to the proprietor — Emmons' Report on the
(luadrupeds of Mnssachusttls.
NATIVE STOCK AND ITS I.MPKOVEMENT.

The varieties of cattle in New England are evi-
denlly numerous. The red cattle bear the marks
of the Devonshire breed, and probably difler as lit-
tle from them as possible, under the climate and
mode of treatment ther have met with. U jg not
• opposed that any arc of a pure blood, except those
recently imported. Where care has been taken of

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCT. i:i, Is4i

young stock, i e. the ordinary care of a good hus-
bandman, it is believed that ihe cattle in this State
have as much power and as much speed at the plow
as any in tho world — even as the best of, the Devon-
shire in their own country. It remains to be shown
by experiment, how much the present race may be
improved by extra care, or what advantages are to
accrue from crossing with the best Knglish stocks.
It is the opinion of the writer, that the most feasi-
ble course for the New England farmer, is to im.
prove the present mixed race. This race is inured
to the climate, is not very deficient in good points,
attains a good size; the males are good workers,
and the females not deficient in milk. They aro a
race, like the New England people, who, though
descended from the English, retain but few of their
characteristics, and having acquired some new ones,
are, on the whole, not inferior to the original stock.
A fine held is opened to the husbandman, for the
improvement of the stock now on his farm ; not by
expensive, uncertain importation of cattle from a
climate essentially dilTerent from ours, but by se-
lecting the best of his [iresent stock \\>! breeders.
Much has been said on the best mode of breeding
cattle, and undoubtedly on this, as on all obscure
subjects, there has been a mixture of truth and er-
ror.

In a state of nature, there are few changes for
the better or worse. The species attains a cer-
tain size, has similar marks from age to age, when
living under the same circumstances. But changes
in size, color, &c., do occur even in a wild state,
yet more limited than in a state of domestication.
How many varieties may spring from a single
stock, it is impossible to tell. The variation is'so
great in some cases, that the individuals are con-
sidered for a time as distinct species. The prac-
tice of breeding in-and-in, as it is termed, although
advocated by eminent men, cannot raise a variety
to the highest perfection of which the species is
susceptible. For it is evident, that on the princi-
ple on which this is advocated, viz: "that like will
produce like," if the variety has any defects, they
too must find a place in the progeny, as well as
its perfections.

Besides, the practice of breeding in-and-in, has
another more serious objection : the stock will not
hold its own for many generations, but it will finally
depreciate till it has become worthless. This rests

on a law of the animal and vegetable kingdom.

Another question has been discussed in relation to

niutual influence of parents on their oflspring.

Liniiinus, who was one of the most accurate observ-
ers of nature, has satisfactorily elucidated this
point According to him, tho male imparts the
external characters, and the female the internal.

The breeding of the jack with the inare, produ.
ces a mule — having the ears, head, skin and tail
of the former. The common goat, whoso hair is
always coarse and useless, crossing with a fine-
fleeced Angora goat, produces, like the male pa-
rent, an offspring, whose coat is also coarse and
worthless, — but change the order, in the latter
case, and the coating is improved. These facts
have an important bearing on the improvement of
both cattle and sheep. It is hardly necessary to
make tlie application to either of this species of
stock ; It is suliicient to say that wo need not ex-
pect line wool from a conrBC-woolled buck, nor a
large quantity of milk from a mother whose milk
is deficient in this respect ; and the principle holds
true in relation to quality. The character of the
most importance in cowa, then, is their milk. It

is true, beef may be made of a cow not remarkal
("or milk ; it is, however, but reasonable to int
that a good milker will also make beef easily, a
of a good quality, when she is dried, for the m
ter for the secretion of inilk, will then be conve
ed into meat. The value of a cow does not i
pend on the number of quarts of milk she giv
but on the quantity of cream. The best method E
determining the quantity of cream, is to dividi*
tall glass into equal parts, or inches, and let i»
last inch be divided into quarters or tenths, acco ^
ing to the piiint of accurocy it is wished toobser\|
let this glass be filled with milk and set aside, i
proportion of cream to the milk may then be kno

by the proportion of the parts it occupies. Ibid.

MILK.

This well known fluid consists of three distil
substances or parts — cream, curd and whey; ii
which it separates spontaneously by repose. Crei
has a specific gravity of 1.0244, according to B
zelius, and consists, in 100 parts, of butter 4
caseous matter 3.5, and whey 92. During the
dinary process of churning, it is said that there
an elevation of temperature amounting to three
four degrees ; at the same time oxygen is abso
ed, and an acid is generated. But the format
of butter, or its separation from the other eleme
of cream, does not depend on the absorpiion of i
ygen gas, as it can be obtained when the atin-
phere is entirely excluded. The curd which
formed, soon after the separation of the cream, 1
comes a sort of coagulum, by the action of a fi
acid, or by rennet. It is considered as pure ca
ous matter, or the basis of cheese. Tho action
rennet, in separating the caseous matter, is i
well understood, but it is generally supposed
act in consequence of the presence of gastric jui
which is always more or less acid.

Caseous matter yields, on analysis, carbon 51».
hydrogen 7.42, oxygen 1 1.40, nitrogen 21.:3b. Wl
burnt, it yields an ash which amounts to (j.5 of
weight, the greater part of which is phosphate
lime. This substance makes the caseous niat
so valuable as an article of food to young aiiimi
It is during this period that the bones require I
depository of this solid earthy matter to give tli
strength and coniistence. Milk, when deprived
cream, has a specific gravity of 1.03, and yields,
the 1000 parts, water y2ti.7.5, caseous n'latter ■
sugar of milk :J5, muriate and phosphate of potai
1.1)5, with traces of a few other unimportant e
meuts. — Ibid.

EXPERIMENT IN PLANTING CORN.
To the Editor of the Farmer's Register:

• • • • t

While my pen is in hand, I will give you llio d
tails of an experiment in planting corn, which
made in ]8:ti). It may be of some interest tu yo
readers.

My object was to ascertain how the pro.luct
the crop is alTectcd by the mode of plantii
with only a single stalk in a hill, or with moi
A piece of land of good quality, and pretiv w«
manured, I laid ofl" by stakes in straight rows
drills, tl feet apart. Thirty of these rows of eqO
length, were divided into three parcels of Id rol
each. One of these parcels I planted with
gle stalk in a hill, the hills being placed on
half foot npart in the drill ; one with two ^
a hill, the lulls three feet apart in the di
the other with three stalks in a hill, the hi!

an

VOL. Tl.

ANL) }{ 0 R T I C IJ L T (J il A L R K G 1 S T K R .

'■ nd a hall" feet apart m llio drill. By this arranire-

-' lont It will at onco be perceived tliat cacli parcel

' rcupvMifj exactly the saiiio space of ground, (which

' as jint a .^uarlor (.r annexe,) had precisely the

" line number nf stalks of corn on it — llio only dif-

■^rence between Ihcin bein^; in the mode of plaiit-

' If, viz: one with one stalk, one wjtii two, and the

• Aer with three stalks in a hill. Tlio distances

'Jtwceii the lulls were taken by measure; the

hole lot was planted at the same time, with the

.me variety of corn, cultivated alike, and harvested

ike, and the product of each parcel carel'iilly kept

itself, was as lollows:

No. 1, one stalk in a lull, tho hills one and a half
ot apart, 14 I.J bushels.

No. V.', two stalks in a hill, the hills three feet
)art, U; l-'J bushels.

No. :3, throe stalks in a hill, the hills four and a
ilf leet apart, 14 1-4 bu.shels.
Thus it would appear, that on such land as I ex-
riinented on, corn is more productive with two
alks in a hill, than with either one stalk or with
ree ; and that there is no difference in product
aween that with one stalk in a hill and that with
rec.

My lot of three fourths of an acre produced -I.")
isheLs or at the rate of GO bushels per acre ;
hile the quarter of an acre which was planted
th two stalks in a hill, produced 16 1-2 bushels,
at the rate of t)li bushels to the acre, beini' a
ear grain of (j bushels to tho acre, merely from the
Ddc of planting — a most important and valuable
.in, truly. There were some stalks missing in
ch parcel, but I thought not more in one than in
other ; and though there may have been some
ade of difference in the quality of the soil, or of
2 manure applied to it, I did not perceive any.
-bought the experiment was (as it was intended
be) a very fair one. I was induced to make it
)m reading in the Register a very valuable arti-
2 on the cultivation of corn, from tho pen of Mr
illiam P. Taylor, of Caroline. He advanced the
inion. as the result of his experience and obscr-
tion, that corn produces more when planted with
o stalks in a hill than with one. Knowing that
s experience and intelligence entitle his opinions
great respect, and having myself observed that
e ci>rn-makcr of my acquaintance, who always
ants with two stalks in a hill, (to save hoe work,
lich it does to a considerable extent,) generally
ide belter crops than his neighbors, 1 thought it
)uld be well to test it by accurate experiment
le result tends to confirm Mr Taylor's opinion,
le corn which I planted was a variety of the
ineared prolific corn, and the season was a good
e. The common opinion in this part of the
untry is in favor of planting with a single stalk
a hill ; and I know It is in general unsafe to
■St to a single experiment, or to the opinions of a
w, in opposition to the common opinion of the
jrld. founded on general experience ; but so few
curate experiments have been made on this sub-
:t, that I have not hesitated to rely on Mr Tay-
■'s opinion, confirmed by my own experiment and
servation; and I now plant my corn with two
alks in a hill, and recommend it to others to do
e same. It certainly saves labor in planting, and
seding with the hoe, and I think there is again
the product of the crop.
Should this meet the eye of any who ha»e made
:perimenU on the same subject, I hope they will
ve the results through the Register.

JOHN Z. HOLLADAY.

STATISTICS oi' 1,.\i;im;.
Enirlaiul. — In Kngland ilie price ot labor vanes.
Tho Noltin«haiii stocking wonvers, as staled by
them Ilia public address, after working from 14 i.,
lii hours per day, earn only from four to five shil
lings per week, and aro obliged to subsist on
bread and water or potatoes and salt.

.Sro//nn</— Among the laboring classes of the
industrious Scotch, meat, except on Sund.iys, is
rarely used.

FniHce. — Of the people of France, seven and a
half millions do not eat wheat or wheatcii bread.
They livo upon barley, rye, buckwheat, cliosnutsi
and a few potatoes. The common wages of n
''"■<='! Jaborer in France, are $:J7,.".0 for a man, and
$ 18,75 for a woman, annually. The taxes upon
Ihem^ are equal to one fifth of the netl product.

.Voneay. — In Norway tlic ordinary food for tlio
peasantry is broad and gruel, both prepared of oat-
meal with an occasional mixture of dntd fish.

Moat is a luxury rarely used.

Poland. — The common food of the peasantry of
Poland, the working men, is cabbage and potatoes ;
sometimes, not generally, black bread and soup, or
rather gruel, without the addition of butter or meat.
A recent traveller says, ' 1 have travelled in every
direction, and never saw a wheaten loaf to the
eastward of the Rhine, in any part of Northern
Oern.any, Poland, or Denmark.'

Oenmark.—h, Denmark the peasantry are still
held in bondage, and are bought and sold together
>vitli the land on which they labor.

Itiissia.— In Russia the bondage of the peas-
antry IS even more complete than it is in Denmark.
The nobles own all the land in the emoire and the
peasantry who resido upon it are transferred with
the estate. A great majority have only cottages,
one portion of which is occupied by the family
while the other is appropriated to domestic ani-
mals. Few, if any, have beds— but sleep upon
hare boards, or upon parts of the immense stoves by
which their houses are warmed. Their food con-
sists of black bread, cabbage, and other verrelables
without the addition of any butter. ° '

.■?uW;-w.— In Austria, tho nobles are the proprie-
tors of the land, and the peasants are compelled to
work lor their masters during every day except
Sunday. The cultivators of the soil are in a slate
of bondage.

Sweden.— In Sweden the dress of the peasantry
IS prescribed by law. Their food consists of hard
bread, dried fish, without gruel and without meat.

Hungary.— In Hungary their state is, if possible
still worse. The nobles own thejand, do not work
and pay no taxes. The laboring classes are obliged
to repair all high ways and bridges, are liable" at
all tunes to have soldiers quartered upon them
and are compelled to pay one tenth of the produce
of their labor to the church and one ninth to the
lord whose land they occupy.

Ireland.— The average wages of a laborer is
from nine and a lialf to eleven cents per day. Their
food is 'milk and potatoes, occasionally varied, as
one of them describes it, by ' potatoes and milk '
Truly may it be said that all over the world ' hard
IS the fate of the laboring poor.' Yet they an? the

producers of all the wealth in every country ,V. 1'

Era.

117

Mi;i,l<)K.\T|n.N OF I.IVKRY CLAYS.
If you Imve any c.ld livery clay land on your
(arm, and desire to improve it permantcntly, and
will follow our advice, wo will promise you suc-
cess. Most lands of that charocter lay low, are
consequently loo wel for hoalhful cultivation,' and
presuming that yours is so, wo shall lay down a
tew |ilnin rules for your government, by which you
can remedy tho evil resulting from the natural con-
dition of your soil :

1. Ditch or drain it. This may be effectually
done by making a blind drain, (or if necessary scv-
eral of them) in the followiuj, simple way : dig a
dram or ditch to a suflicient depth and of the right
grade to carry off the water, say from two to three
teet deep ; then lay on the sides of the ditch, bricks
stones, or pieces of scantling about 0 inches high,
across these place bricks, stones, billets of wood or
plank ; if one of the three first named articles, they
should be placed sufficiently close together to ex-
elude the dirt from sifting through, to prevent fill-
ing up the drain, or obstruct the passage of the
water: should there bo any doubts as to that result,
let long straw be laid on the top of the driiin, and
then be filled up with dirt.

2. After the superabundant water shall thus have
been drawn off, haul on from 50 to a hundred cart-
loads of sand to the acre, which should be spread
evenly on the ground and ploughed in.

3. If your ground has not been previously limed,
then spread on about .50 bushels to the acre, and
you will find that the texture of your soil the ensu-
ing season, will not only be greatly improved,
but you will have laid the ground work of last-
ing melioration Imtrican Farmer.

Let those who would affect singularity with sue
cess, first determine to be very virtuous, and they
will be sure to be very singular. Lacon.

CATTLE ON RAIL ROADS.
Two or three cows have recently been killed on
the Hartford and New Haven Rail Road, and the
lives of the passengers in the cars greatly endan-
gered. A writer in the Daily Herald maintains
that as the Rail Road Company own the road way
in fee, and have taken covenants from nearly all the
adjoining owners that they would build and support
division fences between their own premises and the
road, those owners are liable to the Company for any
damage the Company may sustain by Obitle stray-
ing on the road in consequence of negligence in
building or keeping the division fences in repair.
He also contends that if personal damage should
be sustained by passengers, in consequence of
the cars coining in contact with cattle on the road
the owners of such cattle would be liable to each
passenger injured for the amount of damage sus-
tained. These are questions worthy of the con-
sideration of all land-holders through whose prem-
ises rail roads are constructed, and of the owners
of cattle running at large.— /armer'j Gazette.

Injlmnce of the Stock on the Scion It has been

a disputed point among orchardiats and fruit grow-
ers, whether the stock produced any sensible effect
on the fruit in grafting. 'I'he Perth Courier gives
the result of an experiment in preventing tho at-
tack of the aphis or bug on the apple. Mr M'-
Hardy having observed that this insect never in-
fested the Jargonelle pear, conceived that the ap.
pie might be saved by grafting on that stock.
Fouryears since he grafted the Ribstone Pippen
on this pear, and the experiment has been comple-
tely successful the fruit being improved in size and

flavor, and perfectly secure from the bug imerican

Farmer.

118

NEW E xN G L A N D FARMER

OCT. 13, 1841.

AND HORTICULTl'RAI. RFOISTER.

ROSTON. WeDSESIiAV, OCTOBEB 13. IP41.

SOLON ROBINSON, ESQ.

During sevcrnl days of lost week, we had lli" pleasure
of being in coin|iany with Solnn Robinson, EKq., o( Lnke
Co , Indiana. It is superfluous to inform our readers
that this gentleman has been awakening the country
with a view to the formation of a N.itii>nal Acriculturol
Society. While in company willi him, wchave indulg-
ed in the Yankee li.-ihil of pulling questions, and have
learned that he is a native of Conneclicut; that he re-
sided for sonic years in Cincinnati; aflcrwards removed
to the southern part of Indiana, and thoBce, nbnui seven
yearn since, to his present abode in Ihf nnrlheru part of
that Slate. There he fixed himself down upon the prai-
rie, and a couniy has been formed around him, with lis
court-house hard by Mr R.'a abode. There, like our
distinfTuished and most vuccesslnl firmer of Lexington,
he serves in ofTice as clerk of the courts, and inlerests
himscll deeply in the cultivation of llie soil. He is now
in (he prime of life— an active and intelligent man— ar-
ilent and persevering, but less enlhusinsiic and sarguine
than we h,id imagined. We find in his intellect a thick
and unbroken subsiraiiim of good common sense.

The great project he has set on foot, indicated the
visionary ; but upon clnse inspection, he is found to be
indulging in no extravagant dreams; he merely main-
tains that the awakening of a wide spread— a national
interest in agriculture, must result in good, svhelher a
national society shall bo in itself of any efficiency or
not. To borrow tlie Prcsidcm's Latin, he trusts that
the spirit he is striving to excite, will, when once en-
kindled, act " ;)«r se" for good throughout the country.
We find no indications that he is strongly wedded lo
any particular mode or sy.stem of action— but he seems
to he willing, wliun onro the waters are set in motion,
to let them run in thoso courses where they will mosi
naturally flow.

We have been much pleased with iMr R., and shall
long continue to hold him in pleasant remembrance.

The gentleman, should this meet his eye, must re-
member that we have not penned our notice for his read-
ing, but that this is our description of one ofthc " lions"
of the day, designed for gratifying tho curiosity of our
readers at tho North and East.

WESTERN FARMlNfi'.
Land nt $1 S.'j per acre ; rails for fencing at $2 per
hundred ; soil as fertile as ihe bunks of the Nile ; a log
house which it is four days' work to build ; hay enough
to be had for the mowing ; no barns required lor housing
cattle in winter ; corn and wheal, potatoes and all man-
ner of vegetables como in profusion where one plows
and plains— such arc some of the recoinniendnlions of
the fir and fair-lhmed West, lint— » but must come in
here too— 4u« iheru is a tough sward, which can be bro-
ken ihrough only by the use of a s'larji plow, with four
yoke of oxen ; and in that land of luxuriance, a murmur
rises lo the lips because the surface of the ground has a
sod. There tho cattle and tho hogs are "tall jumpers,"
and do not always pay proper hood to an sight rail fence ;
ihcro ihe marks of" mcum and iuum" (yours and mine,)
arc not always regarded, for the swino which belonged
to me in the spring, and whii'li fed in c-minon on Undo
Sam's pasture, find their way in autumn ini., a neigh-
bor's pork barrel ; but should ihey happen lo find iheir
way home, they are worlh, it ifat, two cents per pound.

In the West, many a man with small means, may do
vastly better fiir himself and family, in a pecuniary view,
than he can on the rocky and sterile hinds of the. East.
But the social, moral, literary and religious privileges
are there much less: industry and its attendant virtues
are less. Consequently every man who is in comforta-
ble circumstances here, most forego many enjoyments
when he Iake.< up his abode on the rich rolling I inds be-
tween the lakes and the grand river of the Wesi There
are some among us who would do well to cuiigrato ;—
there are more who will do belter to be contented liere.
An anecdote tells the folly of grasping for more land
than can bo improved. An emigrant from the South,
"squatted" in Indiana, and finding the lands .iro^und
hiin rich and beautiful, he must have section alter 'sec-
tion, until his funds were all exhausted; little money
was left yviih which to make improvements or to slock
the lands. Soon a shrewd Yankee " squatted " by him,
having purchased only 80 acres. The Southron advis-
ed his neighbor to purchase more land — but >io. Soon
the Yankee was missing. After a few weeks he came
back with a drove of stock, purchased in Arkansas :—
these he pastured on the Southron's lands and the (iov-
crnmenl's— and soon, by ihe sale of cattle, giew rich
enough to buy and sell his neighbor, with the thousands
of un°stocked acres. A good lesson, our informant says,
the story was lo him ; and good instruction may be de-
duced from il by many another who shall go to that far-
off region

PREJUDICE AGAINST CHANGE.

The reluclance of farmers to adopt any change, how-
ever beneficial, has been matter of notoriety liom the
earliest ages. In Ireland, it was necessary to pass seve-
ral acts of parliament to prevent .astening plows to the
tails of horses, and the burning of cats in the straw, to
avoid ihe labor of threshing; audit is singular to find
that the repeal of these acts was aiiong the chief arti-
cles demand'jd from the Duke of Ormond, at Ihe treaty
of Kilkenny, in 1G48. A century afterwards, both prac-
tices are noticed as still existing, by MofTatt, in his
Iliherno-ncro-graphia:

"The Western Isle, renowned for bog.x.

For tories and lor great wolf-dogs,

For drawing hobbies by the tails,

And thrushlng corn w'ith fiery flails."

W. C. Taylor.

The instance above cited may teach with uncommon
distinctness th.it the tillers of the soil are often worse
than ridiculously doicrmlned not to acknowledge that
any change can bo an improvement. Writers upon ag-
riculture often hove good reason for their complaints,-
bul- (yes we have a hut in this case)— but there is some-
thing to bo said in vindication of this adherence to old
ways. There is sound wisdom in holding on to tho old
until it can bo clearly shown that the new is hotter —
This is the correct general rule for the common farmer.
But it is not to be so closely applied as to exclude a few
experiments, on a limited scale. Should ihis bo done,
the door to improvement is closed.

The rule above laid down, will hold the practical man
back from adopting or using to any considerable extent,
the numberless now modes of husbandry, new implc
nionts, new varioiics of crop, new manures, &c. &c. It
is well— well bolh tor him and for tho public-that he
refuses to comply with the advice which is given by
countless writers and .xpcrimcnters It is well that ho
waits to see a thing fairly tried by his n.'ighbor. For
were It olhirwise, ihu a^,ricultural productions of the
countiy Mould bo diminished onu half every year, by
foolish copyings of the example of cnlhusiasn.

So iiiuoli that is obviously unsound and impracticable

is slroogly and repeatedly recommended, that if thi
good common sense ofthc common farmers did not say
" wait and sen," bolh they and agriculture itself woolc
be most grievously injured. We like — yes, we Jo iihi
that spiiit which says, let there be no sudden and ;;r(.a
changes from year to year; — which says, prott i, i
that the new way is better than Ihe old. For whih' ^^.
are expected lo do what we can for the promotion of i lit
interests of agriculturists and the improvement of bus
bandry, we have no faith lliat these can be best done
by discarding all ihat has been, and adopting things en
lirely new.

If writers upon agriculture complain that farmers are
as stupid as those beasts which wear long ears, these
very stupid farmers, on the other hand, have wit enough
to see that writers upon ogricullurc ought oflcn to be
classed with the biids from which the quills they write-
wilh were plucked. Stupid as a jackass — foolish as a
goose — these comparisons might with some propriety be
bandied back and forth.

But after all, very many common farmers are eager lo
gain knowledge of their pursuit, and ready to adopt eve-
ry improvement. Also, there are many wise and use-
ful writers upon husbandry whose productions may be
road and whose advice may be followed with much pro-
fit. Sucli farmers and such writers are now doing n
good work — they have awakened a deep interest in the
improvument of agriculture, and in their onward inarch
they willjcarry the whole mass offarmers forward.

We might be gratified to see the spirit of inquiry, o(
chann-e, of improvement somewhot more gonerol and
active than it now is, but there is no ground for com-
plaint of a general stupidity and blind adherence to old
wajs among the farmers of New England ; — at least we
think there is no occasion for our legislators lo pass n
law tijrbiddlng our people lo burn their oats in order lo
gilt clear of threshing them, or to forbid their tying the
plow to the horse's tail.

BLACKLOCK'S TREATISE ON SHEEP.

An American edition of this work has been laid upon
our toble. It is published by Wiley & Pulnani, N. Y.,
and is for sale by Woodhridgo, of this city. It treats of
the history of ihe sheep ; of wool ; of the Bristol wool
trade; of the iiiiproveinont of the breeds ; ol tho man-
a'ement of sheep ; of accidents and operations; and of
the diseases of sheep. This is a small ond concise work

price probably about T.'j cents ; and as fur as a hasly

glance enables us to judge, it is a work well suiled to
the wants of those who would be glad In findmucti \alu-
uble information relating lo the sheep, within a small
compass.

THE HO.ME OF THE COW '• BLOSSO.M. "
In our paper two weeks since, wo inserted an account
of this remorkablu animal. A correspondent inquires
where Woodsidt is, and wishes to find out where lliii
cow may bo si-cn. In vol. xix. p. 101, of the N. E.
Farmer, is an account of this cow, token from iho Dela-
ware Journal ; and our recent account was token from
the Farmer's Cnbiiiel, Philadelphia. From these data
we make a Yankee guess thai Woodside is in Delaware

nnd that this noble Slate is the honored residence of

mistress " Blossom."

Two tilings, well considered, would prevent many
quarrels : first, lo have it well ascertained whether we
are not disputing about terms rather than things — and
secondly, to examine whuihur thai on which we difl'er,
is worth contending about.

vol.. \X. X<>. 1.1.

Ai\l) HOK TIC L: LTU li .\ [. II E c; I S T K R .

119

TIIKriMO.MKTUlf Al.
Hr|»>rlrJ Inr Ihr Nrw Kn«liiiia I nriii"!
R.i.v*u'ih<' riirniioiiirirr nc (lis (•iinlriiol' tl
.>rii.r Nr>r F.niil.in.l Poriner, nrigliLm. M:i».
oriliivly ov|ia«iire. wrfk pinling Ocl. 10.

"oci.TiiT To JlTj la.M. I 6,l\»I.T"winH

(•fl.l.lV,

^1 ua.-ir,
Sui.l.iy,

I'lo

r.KKJin-DN M.ARKi: r — Mo
Ri-l».rlrJ r.irlh.- Vriv Enjl

.\\ .M:.rki'i 2t>00 Bnef Cstili-, 1300 Stores, 1200 Slie<-|i
ind C'iO'l Swine. Consiilcrablu slock of every (lc9cri|i-
ion rrin.iins unsold, iiiucli which will probably bu sold
o-nmrriiw.

Former price:) wore not susL-iincd niid wc reduce our
uotmions viz :

Viiirr.g — fieef Catll e —Tinl minlitv, ^.'i 25 a S 75.
» «c.md qualrly, $4 50 a 5 00. Third quality $3 25 a

Biirrflling Cattle. — A sufficient number were not sold
d;iv to establish prices. The following prices were
fler.'il hy some of the Bnrrellcrs. viz : Mess $4 00. No.
$:i,5'. No. i. $2,50.

Mores. — Two year old $8 a 12. Three year old, $13
21.

S'lerp. — Dull. Lois were sold from $1 12, to $250.
.Mrinf. — Lois to peddle, 3 for sows, and 4 for bar-
ws I, ol9 of old barrows 3 1-2 and 4. Lots of sows
3-4 and 3. -An ordinary lot ol Shoats to close al 2 1-2
id 3. .\t retail, 3 to 4. '

1 **

1 40

41

1 4a

*7

41

t ■*-

AS

46

1 3,S

it

49

48

65

sa

4-

&S

so

41

07

61

islli'll, Ih. IH n flip f.--,\lMtT.
i.uii lull l.loo.l.ilo I,-, .1 4;--l),> .MilO'l.' n 41 -Do. I-Kdo
J'< a 10 — 1.1 ami coniinon do j;) a Ji'i — ^<panl!lh »hrc)>, UK
au>l S— n — b'lnyrii;! Sheep, wa^lioil, wo n ■.JS-Do. dii.
wnslied, lu a 14— lleni{:n>i do rt u 10— .Saxony, clean,— a —
Uuciios /Vues unpiikeil, 7 a ID— do d.> picked,— a — Si|.
Iierline Nnrihern pulled luinli li ii 43 -.No. 1 .lo. do. do. ij
LI 10— .No. 'i ill) ilo lio M a 3i) - iNo. 3 .lo ilo do n u M.

PI{.V\t-ONIA ■t.VSPUICIlllIKH.

Tor sale a lew hundred line
berry Impure al llii> ollice.

planlsol Ihi

elebmled Itatp-
Jet. 13

Oct. 11, 1841.

FKUIT AND URSIA.tlKNTAL. TRKK8, A.C.

NCKSEHV OP WILLIAM KKNHICK.

Ol Pfiieh 'frccn and Cherry Tree:', a collec-
Mi uiinvulled in any former year, lor extensive
imliers of fine Ircis, of new and linest kinds.
Of I'eadi and of Plum Trees, ihe list lias
en increased hy numerous uddiliuns of new
kiiul^, ol those most highly productive, and vulu.ililr, many
III' which are alike new lo our country, ami very extraordi-
nary. .Such were the selections mode liy ihe sulLsenler in
Kurope, and in person duriug last autumn, where all have
been proved. '1 hose kinds already well knowu amuugst us
lieiu^' idenlitied by him by Ibo wood and the leaf

(Jooneberrics ol firs! quality, Apples, Uuiuces, Meclarincs,
Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, (Jurrants, blrawber-
ries, &c. &c.

Ihe new abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will tie sent lo alt who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Haneysucklcs, if-c. .Splen
did varieties of Double Yellow Harrison and other Roses,
of Tree Pu;onies, ol Herbaceous I'teoiiies, and olher flower-
ing plants— of Double Dahlias, &c. Khubarli of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur Thorns, &c

WnOLESAI-E PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected leUh great care, ncekhj.

SEED.-? Herds Grass, $4 bushel, very little in market,
d Top, 5(1 to 53 cents. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Soulh-

I, IJ c. Flax Seed, 31 37 to 1 50 bu. Lucerne, 25 c.
r lb Canary Seed, not a biLshei in the market.
FLOUR. Ill the early part of the week, Genesee was

II. Iiul ^.nce. the holders naving submilled to a decline,
kci has been more animated than for some lime past.

,e smiles ol Gcuesee reach 1000 bbls. at $6 37 and SC 44 fur

nmon brands, and 36 50 a S6 56 for fancy; Ohio, S6 37.

southern, the transactions are tight ; sales 4U0 bbls. How-

slreil »<;50, 4 mos ; 600 do Philadelphia 86 37, 60days;

10 do Georgetown 86 50 a 86 75 per bbl. 4 mos In order

— reduce the quantity of Flour going to New York and

" s^ro markets, the millers in Western New York, have

It ippe<l griading for one week, which it is estimated will re-

'.e theqnanliiy 60,000 bbls.

'LOUK.— Baltimore Howard Street S« 50 lo 6 62— Gen-
nimon, 86 56 lo 6 62— Ohio 86 25 to 6 37— Indian
al 83 50.

;RA1\. -Corn— Northern, bushel 74 to 75— Round Yel-
3— Soiith-rn Flat Yellow 72 -While do 69. — Bye
-ihern 7i lo 60— Oals— Southern 50 to 62 — Norihern
o3t.

ROVISIO.NS. The sales of Beef and Pork have been
ale cxlremely limited, and quotations being entirely iioni-
, atfiird hut little guide lo the actual state of the market
these articles. Considerable business has been done in
d, ibe sales rather exceeding 2500 kegs, taken al prices
g from 7 a* I -2c. per lb., cash and 6 mos. cr ; a sale
lion of 100 bbls No. 1 Beef, 86 C2 a 7 per bbl., 4 mos.
lit.

eel — Mess, 4 mo. bbl. nominal — do Navy — 89 00 —
1 87 00 a 7 50— Pork— Extra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 813 a 14

0 Clear 812 50 a 13 00— do Mess SlO a II 00— do.
Tie 3-i 50 a 9 00- do Mess from oiber States 810 a II 00—
Prime do do 9S DO a 9 00— Clear do do 812 50 a 13 00
oiler, shipping 6c. a 12c. — do slorc, uninspected 10 a
■do dairy 15 a 15— Lard, No I, Boston ins. 7 a S— do
ihern and Western, 6 a 7— Hams. Boston, 7 13 3 6 12

1 Southern and Western, 5 a 7— Cheese, Shipping and
leal, 4 a 6— do new milk, 5 a 7-
AY

HEESE— Old 4 to 6 c — New S to 7.
GGS, 14 a 16.

^OOL — There has been a fair demand for all descriptions,
sa'es to siimc eilcnl have been made at prices corres-
liag with the range of oht qnoiatioiis. The slock of pul-
wool is considerably diiniiiisbcd, while that of fleece has
et increased, bat Ihe supply of either description is not
irge.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH

l.rciiliiiipniveineriu have been made Ihe past year in Ihe
form and workinativl.i,, „f ,|,esc Phmghs ; the mould In »rd
has liceii so fi.rnie.l a* lo lay the furrmr 'nmiilrlrly orrr
turmnir m rrrry, mrtirle of gras. or. luWe, and. earinif ll„
ground m tlie bent possible manner. The IniDih of iht
mould board has b< n very much increased, .o ihai ibe
Plongti works wilh Ihe grealest ease, bolh w,ih re.ucci lo
Ihe holding and Ihe train. The Commiuee at Ihe late Irml
of Ploughs nl Woreester, sav,

" Should our opinion bo asked as lo which of the Plnui-hs
we should prefer bir use on a farm, we might perhap. say to
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy lo work
iry Piouly & Mcars, but if your land is heavy, h/ird or roehv

BEGIN WITH Ma. HovCABD's.''

At the above me-.t;oned trial the Howard Plough did
more work, with Ihe tame pncer of team, than any other
plough eihibded. No oilier turned more ihan twenlyse en
and one, half niches, lo the 112 lbs. drau-ht, while ihe
Ihward Plough turned ticcntmine and onehaJf inches, to
Ihe same power of team ! A 11 acknowledge thai Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most subsianiinllv
made. '

There has been quite an improvement made on the shiw.
. . , ,, . , "■■ '8'"'*"''' "'.>!'" P'""?''- which can be renewed without

All orders addressed lo the subscriber, will be promptly having to furnish a new landsidc- this shoe likewise seciiies
attended lo ; and Trees when so ordered, will be securely the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
packed in malls and moss for sale Irunsportulion lo all dis- Plough very iinicb.

iaiit places, by land or sea, and delivered in the city free ol | The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo 8|5 APlonch

charge for transporliug by the wagon which is sent thilher ; sufficient for breaking up with four callle- will cost about

daily- WILLIM KENIUCK. 810 60, and with ciilter 8|, with wheel ind cutter »2 60

Nonanlum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. ti, 1641. e.\ira. '

Oct. 6 epiDec. 1 The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail at

ihe New F.ngland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stilic
Nos. 61 & 53 North Market Sirrpi \ y '
JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

GRKEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTKB.

Popnlar DlnKaz^txs iTlih rich and BeauUful
KiigravlMga.

The subscribers being me authorized agenls, supply sub-
scribers in all pans ol N. Eiig.aud, as lor the lasi eight
years, with ihe principle magazines, issued in ihis, and other
cities, as —

The Lady's Book, and Lady's Jlmericari Magazine,
Edileil by Air- Hale, and Slgourney, with rich and inosl
be.iutilul engravings, mnnllily, at per year 83 00.

The work has allaiued a circulauou of nearly 2000
Monthly.

GraJtains Ladle's and Gentleman's Magazine — with
original stones ami the choicest engravings, inonlhty, at per
year 83 uo

The Youth's Medation, — with Engravings and
Music,— twice a iiionlh, al per year 81 00.

The Chi-istian Family Magazine, — at peryear $1 00.

Address JORDA.\ &. CO., 121 Washiuglou, opposite
Water street.

Intelligent men wanted as agenls to these, and olher works.

Ocl. 6 3t

APPLE; PAKEKS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural Ware-
house, No 51 and 62 North Market Sired, a good supply of
Stanley's Superior Apple Parers, a very useful article. With
one ol these inacbiiies a bushel of apples may be pared lu
a very short lime m the best possible manner, and with great
saving ol ibe apple, as the oulsides may be taken olfai any
required Ihiekiicss. The above is also lor sale at N. P. H
WILLIS, No. 13 North Market .Street, SCUDDEK, COR-
DIS Jt CO., and HOSMER & TAPPA.N, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

SVS 0IA1.S.
Just received a few of Sheldon & MoLire's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the time
of dar in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4r CO., No 51 ond 52 Norlh Market St.

Sept I.

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water and Haud Grindstones
per ton, 318 lo 20- Eastern Screwed 814 to 16. conslantly on hand and for sale by A.MMl C. LO.MBAUU

& CO. 13 Lewis s Wharf isly. Nov. 17.

L.'ETAMG LUnfil.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly to their advantage lo try the St. George Co's.
LElang Lime, said to be superior lor that purpose to any
olher ever yet introduced. Fur sale by DAVID DAVlb
over the Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston.

Sept. 8. 3m

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England .4cticuI-
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and .^2 Norlh Mar-
ket Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Slraw, Hoy and
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not before
applied to a«y implement lor this purpose. The most prom-
inent effects of this application, ond some of the consequent
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requisite
to use it. thai the strength of a half grown boy is sufficienl
to work it elficienlly.

'2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bush-
els a minute, which is full Iwiee as lasl as has been claimed
by any other machine even when worked by horse or steam
power.

3. The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening less often than those oC any other
slraw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
logelher very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in general use lo gel out of order.

OR I ENT.l I. POP FY.

The best lime for planting this magnificent Perennial, n
the present time. For sale at 50 cents per root. Also, Pxo-
ny VVhiiljeii, Humei, Rosea, Albicans, Tenufolia. Hybrida,
Tarlarica, dtc., from 60 cents to 8i 00 per root.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK, & CO., No. 61 and 88
North Market Street. Sept. 1

KDBIUND T. HASTINGS *. CO.
Pure Sperm oil.

No. 101 State .St, keep constantly for sale, Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which Ihejr
warrant to be of the best quality and to burn without
crusiinir.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. l, 1841. isly

120

N E W K N G L A N D F A R M E R .

OCT. 13, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.

DT :i. W. LONGFBLLOW.

Under a spreading chestnut tree.

The village smithy stands :
The smith a mighty man is he,

With large and sinewy hands,
And the muscles of his lirawny arm

Are blroug as iron hands.

His hair is crisp and Mack and Inn^,

His face is like the Ian,
His lirow is wclwith honest sweat.

He earns whate're he can.
And looks the whole world in the face,

For be owes not any man.

Week out, week in, from morn till night
You can hear his bellows blow —

You can hear him swing his heavy sledge,
With measured beat and slow,

Like a sexton ringing the old kirk chimes,
When the evening sun is low.

And children coming home from school,

Look in at the open door ;
They love to see the flaming forge,

And hear the bellows roar,
And catch the burning sparks that fly

Like chair from a threshing floor.

He goes on Sunday to the church.

And sits among his boys ;
He hears the parson pray and preach, —

He hears his daughter's voice,
Singing in the village choir,

And it makes his heart rejoice.

It sounds to him like her mother's voice,

Singing in Paradise !
He needs must think of her once more,

How in the grave she lies :
And with his hard rough hand he vr'ipes

A tear from out his eyes.

Toiling— 'rejoicing— sorrowiug—

Onward through life he goes :
Each morning sees some task begun,

Each evening sees it close —
Something attempted, something done,

Has earned a night's repose.

Thanks, thanks to thee, my worthy friend,
For the lesson thou hast taught ;

Thus at the flaming forge ol life.
Our fortunes must be wrought —

Thus on its sounding anvil shaped
Each burning deed and thought.

ALL SORTS OF PARAGRAPHS.
Dress. Nothing looks inoro unpleasant to us,
than to see a young man wlidse wages are small,
spending nil he can get, and perhaps more too, for
(Ircsa; — every thing about his pcr.son of the latest
fashion and of the nicest fit, as tlimigh his whole
mind was centered upon seeing how pretty he could
look — and all for what? To gratify the eyes of
those who are as foolish as himself. But this he
does not Ho, for even they are disgusted with him.
Instead of pleasing nny body, he only makes liim-
self the pity of the wise, and n laughing stock for
fools.

" I hale to hear people talk beliind one's buck,"
as the robber said when the constable was chajiing
him, and crying "stop lliief!"

Birds sing less in August than in any other

month. Ladies chatter the least in February

The former of these curious facts in natural history
has some mystery about it — but the why and where-
fore of the latter is found in the fact that February
is the sliorlesl inontli.

Sdtnliftc discuvtry. The editor of the St. Johns
Morning News, has discoveied that k'ac* -berries
are red when they are green. Good, lor a IHut-
nose.

Industry. Industry is not only the instrument of
improvement, but the foundation of pleasure. He
who is a stranger to it, may possess, but cannot
enjoy — for it is labor only which gives pleasure.
It is the indispensable condition of possessing a
sound mind in a sound body.

IVhal does he mean ? A country editor, after
enlarging in full and glowing terms, on the advan-
tage of giving charcoal to sheep, observes in clos-
ing, "ire have tried it."

Reader, learn a lesson from the falling leaf — im-
prove every hour in the spring of your days, for
the time is not far distant when your autumn will
come, and you, like the leaf, will fade, sink to the
earth, and mingle with the dust

Many of the greatest tnen the world has produc-
ed, have sprung from the humblest origin — as the
lark, whose nest is on the ground, soars nearest to
heaven. Narrow circumstances are the most pow-
erful stimulant to mental expansion, and the early
frowns of fortune the best security for her final
smiles.

A new mode of dispersing mobs has been dis-
covered out west, which is said to supersede the
necessity of military force. It is, to pass round a
contribution box.

The Dutch are as famous for " bulls" as the
Irish. "I po iostch two cowsh," said .Alynheer —
" unt von vash a calf, unt two vash a bull."

That inveterate punster, Theodore Hook, onoe
declared thai he could not see upon what principle
the teetotallers made water the god of their idola-
try, since water is universilly allowed to have been
drunk from time immemorinl.

A gentleman writing a deed, began with " Know
one woman by these presents." " You are wrong,"
said a bystander, "it should be, "Know ail men."
"Very well," answered the oilier, "if one woman
knows it, all men will, of course."

The entire population of Francestown, N. H.,
constitutes the christian congregation of the town.
The church consists of 500 members. There pro-
bably is not a parallel to this in all New England.

An editor of a Pennsylvania Journal apprizes
his delinquent subscribers that he has appointed
I he sheriff his agent, and has authorized him to
give receipts and close accounts.

One of the editors of the New York Express had
his pocket book stolen the other day. The thief
must be green to expect to finil any thing in an
editor's pocket.

A farmer who had married a rich wife, after pro.
mising another of meaner circumstances, endeavor-
ed to palliate his conduct to a clergyman, who told
him it was so wrong Ihal he did not know any thinn-
like it. " If you do not, I do," says Hodge : " it is
similar to your leaving a poor parish for a rich one."

INSTINCT.

A person in Scotland had occasion to send a fln
specimen of the spider tribe to a medical friend i
Dundee who was excedingly curious in such mal
ters. As the readiest means of conveyance, he ct
closed the spider in a common square box, and des
patched the parcel by stage-coach. The spidt
found the box too round for comfort, — and as h
was also discommoded by the jolting of the coaci
he had recourse to a simple and ingenious remed;

When the parcel reached Dundee, and the bo
was opened, tlie spider was found safely siding i
a fine hammock that he had spun for himself an
suspended in the middle of bis prison-house b
cords attached to the four lop-corners.

It has long been known that bees display exlrc
ordinary sagacity in overcoming difficulties of fort
or situation, and it would appear from the abov
mentioned instance that spiders share to some e>
tent in the same kind of instinct.

CONTAGIOUSNESS OF CRIME.

Bulwer, in his last work, entitled, "Night an
Morning," makes the following just observatior
on tlie contagiousness of crime: "It may be ob
served tlial there are certain years in which, in
civilized country, some particular crimes come i
vogue. It flares its season, and then burns ou
Thus, at one time we have burking, at anothe
swingism ; now suicide is in vogue — now poisor
ing tradespeople in apple dumplings — now littl
boys cut each other with penknives — now commo
soldiers shoot at their Serjeants. Almost ever
year there is one crime peculiar to it ; a sort of ar
nual, which overruns the country but does nc
bloom again. Unquestionably, the press has
great deal so do with these epidemics. Let
newspaper give an account of some out-of-the wa
atrocity that has the charm of being novel and cei'
tain depraved minds fasten to it, like leeches.—
They brood over and revolve it ; the idea grow
up a horrid phantasmalian nionomalia ; and, nil of
sudden, in a hundred dilTerenl places, the one see
sown by the leaden types, springs up into a foi
flowering. But if the first aboriginal crime ha«
h.is been attended with impunity, how much mot
docs the iinitative faculty cling to it. Ill-judge
mercy falls, not like the dew, but like a great hea
of manure on the rank weed."

PRINCE'S NL'RSERIF.S AND GARDE.^S

The New Catalogues are now ready l.ir di»
tribution fi-rn/u to all who apply, post pat.l, p«
mail. Tiioy comprise an immense nssuriniec
nl' Fruits and Oninmcnlal Trees, Slirnliiief]

and I'lams, Bulbous Flower Roots, and l);ihliaj

(!rc,n House Plants, tiardcn Sieds, &c., all of which at
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will n
ceiro prompt attention. 41eow .Sept. 8

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEEKLT PAPER.

The Editorial department of this paper havlii" r

into the hands uftlie subscriber, ho is now n

by the publishccs to infurin the public that lb.

1 he pnpoi is reduced. In future the terms wi

pir year in adrance, or $2 oO if not p:iid v\ilhiii iJutl

days. ALL1;N PUTNAM.

N. B. — Poslmastora are reqaired by law to frank ai
subscriplionB and remlttnneea for newspapers, wihou
expense to •ubscribers.

Tl'TTLB AND DE.N.NETT, PRINTERS.

01,. XI.l

AND HORTICULTURAL R E (i I S T E R .

PUBLISHKH BY JOSKPH BllECK & CO., NO. r,i NOUTll M.VRKKT STllKKT, (Aohicultuual WABBMounit.j-ALf.KN PIJT.NA.M, KDITOK.

BOSTON, WRDNKSDAY K.VKNINC, OCTOHKR 'JO, 1811.

[HO. 16.

N. E. FARMER.

TIIIRTEKNTII .\N.NIVERS.\RV
9r tliF .>la»«chuactta HorticnlturBl Sociaty.

"To Btuily iNiiliiro, w ns iliu Insk do»ij;nril.

And Iparn rr'>in lii:r llie Qtilartcni«nl ol the iniiiil.

Lparn from her wurks wliitevcr Truth mimires."

Another season his, in its coiir.'se, brought the
enJs of Flor.i anJ Punnnn together. They hnvo
hibited ami compared their various speclnieiiR of
owcrs and Fruiw ; and notwitlistanding^ the sea-
n has bceii unusually hot and dry, glill the earth

u 3 yielded her increase, and our Hall has been
coraled with the things that delight llie eye, and
r tables loaded with fruits of the choicest kinds.
Tlie Hall of the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ny "as opened to the public at noon on Wednes-
y, Sept. 2"2d ; and, although the Meclianics' Fair
IS drawing thousands to admire the works u( Jhl,

5 D Hall was soon filled with visitors. It is with

i sasure we record the fact, that the taste for fruits
d the love of flowers are on the increase. Tfie
hibition closed on Friday, at 9 o'clock, P. M. ;
d tliDugh the weather was unfavorable, yet the
jiu was filled vrith company, many of whom re-
ed with reluctance, — an evidence of the interest
t by the public in the science of Horticulture.
With these few introductory remarks, we submit

^ following report :

Flowers.
Our friends are aware that this is not the .season,
th the e.TCpption of the Dahlia, for fine flowers :
! shall therefore confine our rsport to a list'of
5 names of the contributors, with a brief notice
such specimens as were new, rare, or of great
aiity.

Plants in Pots — from the garden of J. P. Cush-
^, Esq., Walertown ; by Messrs. Winship, Brigh-
n ; from the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, by W.
Carter; from the Public Garden, Boston, by Jno.
idness ; by S. Sweetser, Woburn ; by J. T.
nith, Ro.^bury ; by K. N. Perkins, Rnxbury ; and
essrs. P. Barnrs, The*. VVillot and T. H. Felt.
We noticed fine specimens of Corypha embracu-
•ro, and C. Taliera, by Mr Gushing ; Cactus seni-
, and Banksia sp. ? by Mr Carter ; Lisianthus
jssellianus, by Mr Cadncss ; Rhodochiton volu-
e, from Mr K. N. Perkins ; Brunsvigia t"alcat>,
Mr Willot ; and Lagerstrsmia indica, by the
cssrs. Winship.

D'lhliiis. The display of Dahlias wag fine. The
incipal contributors wore M. P. Wilder, Ksq.,
esident of the Society ; Messrs. D. Mclntire, J.
ickney, Hovey &, Co., J. J. Low, F. W. Macon-
y, Dutton, Winship, Haggerston, Cadness, Mt-
nnan, Carter, J. Breck & Co., Sweetser, Barnes,
irague, Bacon, Vila, Ware, J. .'\. Kenrick, Wnt
jnrifk, Ellery, and S. Walker.
In the collection of the President, and also n
e stand of Mr J. Stickney, we noticed Pickmck, a
and beautiful variety. It has often been sad
at there is much in a name; and while we pen
is report, we have the original Pickwick befo-c

us, in our mind's eye, and imagine wo hear him
exclaim —

" In liglil's elheroal bcnuly drest,
Bob..li!, behold Iho fiivor'd nowcr,

Which Fl"rn'9 high conimnnda invest
With ensijtns ofimpcnul power."

Wr also noticed in the collection of Mr Wilder,
charming specimens of Primrose, Marshal Soult,
and Wheeler's Maria.

In the stand of Air D. Mclntiro, (who is one of
the bc.<t and most successful cultivators of tlio Dali-
lia in the country,) we found beautiful speciuiens
of Evn, Marshal Soult and Ne plus ultra.

In addition to a fine specimen of Pickwick, wc
also noticed e.xtra fine flowers of Argo and Miss
Johnson, by Mr J. Stickney ; Ne plus ultra, by Mr
David Haggerston ; Duchess of Richmond and Eva,
by Mr Low ; Charles XH. and Fireball, by Mr
Diit;on ; Fireball, by Mr Bacon; and Fireball ex
tra, by .Mr Spraguc ; Frances, by Mr P. Barnes;
Lady Bathurst, by Mr S. Sweetser; Ne plus ultra
and Hero of Tippecinoc, by Hovey & Co.; Virgin
Queen, by Messrs. Winship ; Duchess of Kent, by
Capt. F. W. Macondry ; Unique and Marshal Soalt,
by Mr W. E. Carter; Constantia and Egyptian
Prince, by Mr C. idness; Reliance, by Mr Vila;
Hope, by P. Ware ; Glory of Plymouth and Royal
Standard, by S. Walker.

lioiiijueis — by Messrs!. Ellery, J. Breck & Co.,
Warren, Winship, Wales, Haggerston, Wm. Ken-
rick, Cadness, Carter, Sweetser, Jno. A. Kenrick
and S. Walker.

Cut Flowers — from the gardens of Messrs. Wm.
Kenrick, J. Breck &, Co., Low, Ilnvey & Co., Jno.
A. Kenrick, A. H. Hovey, McLennan, Haggor.';ton,
Ellery, N. P. Keinshup, Sweetser, Ware, Macon-
dry, Winship, Wales, Warren, Cadness and Walker.

Mrs Bigelow, of Medford, presented some very
fine specimens of cut flowers, among which we no-
ticed some Lilacs. Joseph H. Cabot, of Salem,
sent us a fine specimen of Lyclinis Bungeana ; and
though last not least, in our estimation, some fine
specimens of Viola grandiflora were presented by
the Messrs. Hovey &. Co.

Fbcits.

The number of varieties and the quality of the
Fruit exhibited on the present occasion, far exxeed-
ed that of any previous year. There were upwards
of one hundred and twenty varieties of the Pear
from Mr Robert Manning, of Salem ; more than
forty varieties from M. P. Wilder, the President of
the Society ; and about the same number from the
garden of J. P. Gushing, Esq., of Watertown ; also
very liberal contributions by Messrs. E. Vose, of
Dorchester; B. V. French, of Braintree; S. Down-
er, of Dorchester ; Otis Johnson, of Lynn ; George
Brown, of Beverly ; h. P. Grosvenor, of Pomfret,
Ct. ; C. Newhall. of Dorchester; J. Fisher, of
Bpiokline ; Wm. Kenrick, of Newton ; Wm. Oliver,
of Dorchester : J. L. L. F. Warren, of Brighton ;
Josiah Lovett, 2d, of Beverly ; S. Pond, of Cam-
bridgeport ; Frederic Tudor, of Nahant, and others.

We would particularly notice the following, as
being very superior specimens, viz: in Mr Man-

ning's large collection of Pears, the Flemish Beau-
' ty, (Jrbaniste, St. Michael's, Beurrc gris, Alpha,
I King Edwiird, Andrews, Huguenot, Beurro Diol,
Golden Beiirre of Bilboa, Dix, Colmar of Auiuirm,
and the following among many new varieties which
have not before been exhibited : Compt do Lancy,
Althorp Crusanne, (large and handsome,) St. Ger-
main (Van Mens,) Delight of Charles, (from Van
Mons — fine,) Doyuiiiic nouville, St. Andre, Bon
Louise royal, (froui Van Mons — very liandnome,)
Foster's St. Michael, (raised in the State of .Maine
from seed of the Old St. Michael's — large and
beautiful, with very clear ekin,) Bon Parent and
Colmar of Autumn.

In the collection from the President of the Soci-
ety, tlie Columbian, Urbaniste, Duchease d' Angoii-
leme, Glout morccau, Passe Colmar, Beurre Did
and Dix Pears.

From Geo. Brown, Beverly ; Jalousie, BrowD
Beurre, Seckle, Dttchcsse d' Angoulenic and Beurre
Diel Pears.

'J'he specimens of Duchesse d' Angoulcnie Pears
sent by Josiah Lovett, of Beverly, were the largest
on the tables and truly splendid.

In the collection from the garden of J. P. Gush-
ing, Watertown, very large and beautiful Chaumon-
telle, Brown Beurre, St. Germain, Beurre Ranee,
Gushing, and Duchesse d' An,jx>ulemc Pears, and
very superior specimens of Black Hamburg. Mus-
cat of Alexandria and Frontignaa Grapes.

Very fine St. Michiel Pears from. the garden of
Mrs Bigelow, Medford.

Bartlett Peiirs from A. D. Williams, Roxbury.

Excellent Sweetwater Gra-pes, by S. R.. John-
son, Charlestown.

Isabella Grapes, very large and fine,, by J. L.
Fersjiison, New Bedford.

Bartlett, and Andrews Pears; from Ji Fisher,
Brookline.

The Seckle and Brocas Bcrgamot Pears, from
Thomas Dowse, Cambridge), were of extraordinary
size and beauty.

Napoleon, Beurre Diel and SU Michael Pears,.
from Cheover Newhall — very 'ine.

From S. Pond — Beurre Diei;' (very large,) Duch-
esse d'.'\ngouleme, Dix, Easter Beurrr,.'5laii<; Louise
and Urbanist* Pears ; also Lombard, and Semiana
or Blue Imperatrice Plums.

Porter Apple;', by Aaron Hill.

Very large Peaches, fioanJohn Hill, West Cam-
bridge.

EIruge Nectarines, from George Lee, wm»
beautiful.

The collectitm of .Apples by B. V. French, of
Braintree, was very large, and tlie speeimens re-
markably handsome.

The Gravenst»in, Hawthorndean, and Lady Ha-
ley's Nonesuch Apples, from E. Vose, were splen-
did specimens.

Beurre d' .Aremberg, Green Sugar, Napoleon,
Jalousie, St. Michael and Buiruni Pears, io the
collection of Otis Johnson, wore superior.

Fine Napoleon, Roussclet d'Rheim, and Beurre
Diel Pears, and beautiful Peaches, from J. Jj. L. F.
Warren, of Brighton.

12-2

NEW ENGLAND F A R xM E R ,

OCT. ao. IX4 1

The Bartlett Pears by Samuel Pliipps, Dorchi's-
ter, were unrivalled.

A basket of Scedlin? Peaches, called the Mar-
tin Rareripe, contributed by S. SweeUcr, were
very lar^rc and rich.

Jaques' Rareripe Peaches, by E. Newberry, were
superb specimens.

St. Michael Pears, by Charles Ford, Roxbury,
were remarkably fair and larpe.

Grapes frotn Win. Pratt's garden, by Alex. Mc
Lennan, were rich and finely ripened.

The Brown Ueurre Pears, contributed by Perrin
May, Biislon, would rank among the best speci-
mens exhibited.

The following are the different varieties of fnnt
contributed :

From Marshall P. Wilder, Dorchester, President
of the Society : Pears — Bleeker's Meadow ; Louis
Bonne of Jersey; Van Mons ; Thompson; Wel-
bcck ; Ronsselet d' Rhcims; Pope's Quaker ; Bur-
gomestrn of Bolwillcr; Seckle ; Duchesse d' An-
jjooleinc ; Comprette of Van Mons; Berffamotte
dePaqnes; Passe C'llmar ; Alpha ; Buffum ; Chau-
tnontolle; Capiamont; Uolmont ; Bnn Chretien
Pondani:?: Bartlett; Roi de Wirtemberij: Belle
et Bonne :'Cntillac ; Lontr Green ; Glout Morceau ;
Easter Beurre": Belle Lncrative; Beurre d' Aretn-
l)er(r ; Ptrind ;iMmisie!!r le Cure ; Hoathcote ; Ur-
haniste ; Prince's • St. Germain ; Wilkinson; Co-
lumbian ; Dix ; Vertii Inn^ued' Automne ; Cushiii^j ;
Rousselcnch ; Marte Louise ; Queen Catherine ;
Oulotte de Swissc; Brown Beurre; Beurre Did.
-Ipples — Minister and Fall Harvoy.
C^uinces — Oranpre.

From Rcrbcrl Manning, Saletn: Penrs — King
Edward: Queen of the low Co'intrip? ; R"-»y de la
Mntte; Marie Louise; Beurre gris ; Urbaniste ;
.Mpha ; Beurre d' Amalis ; Easter Beurre ; Madotte ;
St. Ghisliin ; Be/.y Chaumontelle : Conipte de
Lainey : Ueine de Poires ; Monsieur le Cure ; Na-
poleon ; Genesee ; Beurre Colmar of Autumn ;
Harvard; Comptde Michaux ; Enft'nt desProdiges;
Belle et Bonne; Epine d' Ete ; Cabot; Belle Lucra-
tive ; Van Assene; St. Andre; Great Citron of Bo-
hemia ; Pailleau ; Calabasli ; Rougselette de Meea-
ter; St. Germain, (Van Mons); Beurre ~Bonnet;
Beurre Bosc ; Doyenne Blanc; Johonnot; Pope's
Russet ; Charles of Austria ; Siculle ; Beurre
Bronze; Dumortier; Dundas; Delight of Charles;
Queen Caroline; Whitfield; Wrcdow ; Par.nen-
lier; Glout Morceau ; Marquis ; Henry IV. ; Wir-
tcmberg ; Black Pear of Worcester; Wilkinson;
Rtyrian ; McJ^aughlin ; Wmter Orange; Winter
Nelis ; Wilbur ; Prince's St. Germain; Bon Pa-
rent; Fig Extra ; Crolt Castle ; Petre-, Beurre d'
Anglelerre; Niell ; Bonne Louise Royale ; Aman-
(Jeg double ; Tillington ; Beurre Duval ; Passe Col-
mar; Jalousie de Fontenay de Vindry ; Doyenne
Nouvellc Bcissouck ; Beurre Diel ; English Autumn
Bergamot; French .Autumn Bergamnt ; Cumber-
land ; Green Pear of Yair ; Beurre Van Marum ;
SurpasBC Virgouleusc ; Naumkeag; Long Green of
Europe ; Flemish Beauiy ; Bishop's Thumb ; Duch-
esse d' Angoulemo ; Althorp Crassanne ; Bartlett ;
Beurre d' Aremberg; Andrews ; Duchess of Mari ;
Catillac ; Clara ; Uvedale's St. Germain ; BufAiin ;
Foster's Sl Michael ; Hooper's Bilboa; Long Green;
Dix ; Fulton ; Dearborn, of Van Mons ; Kowdoin;
Bergamotle de Paques ; Bezy de Moiuigny : Jose-
phine ; Lewis ; Green Sugar ; Henthcolo ; Flenkil ;
Hericart ; Bon Chretien Fondante ; Frangipano ;
Fondante (Van Mon«); Echassarie, and eight new
kinds from Van Mons — names unknown.

Jippks — Crowningshiold Sweet ; Superb Sweet ;
Monstrous Pippin; R. I. Greening ; Pigeonnette ;
Danvers Winter Sweet ; Victorious Rcinelte; Os-
sipee Cream ; Pennock's Red Winter ; Lyscom ;
Canadian Reinette; Ribstonc Pippin ; Yellow Bell-
llower ; Murphy ; New Red Crab ; Boxford ; Grav-
enstein ; Rainbour Franc; Maiden's Blush; Fall
Pippin; Sam Young; Pound; Full Harvey ; Ortley
Pippin ; Ross Nonpareil.

By D. Haggerston, (from Mr J. P. Cushing'.-',
Watertown): Grapes — Black Hamburg ; Morocco ;
Muscat of Alexandria ; White Sweetwater ; White
Frontignac.

jVeclarincs — Violet; DucdeFiUey- Downton ;
Brugnon ; Red Roman.

Ptaches — Royal Charlotte ; Noblesse ; Double
Mountain ; Royal George : White .Magdalen ;
Gross Mignonne ; Teton de Venus.

Pears — Bartlett; Andrews ; Bon Chretien; .Mon-
sieur le Cure ; Verte longue ; Sieulle ; Beurre d'
Aremberg ; Chaumontelle ; Colmar Souverain ;
Beurre Ranee; Beurre Blanc; Verte longue Pana-
che ; Duchesse d' Angoulome ; Fortunee ; Beurre d'
Anglcterre ; Bezy Vaet ; Bergamotle Cuditte ;
Beurre d' Amalis ; Poir de Hiver ; Beurre de Hiver ;
Doyenne gris; Colmar; Colmar d' Ete; Beurre
Diel; St. Germain; Napoleon; Brown Beurre;
St. Michael; Beurre gns ; Colmar Epineaux ;
Bezy de Monligny : Epine d' Ete ; Belle et Bonne ;
Rousselette de Rheims : St. Germain panaclie;
Beurre dore ; Ne plus Meuris; Gansell's Berga-
mot.

By L. P. Grosvenor, Boston : Pfnr^^Bartlett ;
Bon Qirelien ; Bonne Louise ; Urbaniste ; Duchesse
d' Angoulemc ; Chaumontelle; St Michael; Syl-
vanche Verte ; Passe Colmar ; St. Germa'n ; Belle ;
Harvar<3.

Peaches — Seedlings ; three kinds.
Jippks — Chandler; Porter; Greening ; Pearmain ;
Queen Anne ; Lewis' Favorite ; Black Gillyflower ;
Spitzenburg^ Baldwin ; Pippin; PecT<'s Pleasant;
Hawihorndean ; Nonesuch ; Striped ; Company ;
Benuni ; Black.

By S. G. Whiting, Dedliam : Pears— &t Mi-
chael ; Whiting.

By H. H. Crapo, New Bedford : Grapes — Sweet-
water.

By J. L. Ferguson, New Bedford : Grapes — Isa-
bella.

By S. Pond, Cambridgeport : Pears — Duchesse
d' Angouleme ; .Marie Louise ; Beurre Diel ; An-
drews; Barllell; Gushing; Burnet; Urbaniste;
Dix; Easier Bcurro ; Julienne; Wilbur; Su Ghis-
lain.

Plums — Lombard ; Somiana ; Corses ; Coolidge
By C. Ford, Roxbury : Penrs— 2 baakeU of St.
Michaels ; 1 do. of Seckle.

By Thomas Dowse, Cambridgeport : Pears —
Seckle and Bro<-.u's Bergamot.

By Stephen \^ . jfec'KSon, Boston : (Quinces — Or-
ange,

By J. T,'>Vheelwrighl, Nowton: nipples — Wash-
ington ; Greenings.

Pears — Bartlett; Chaumontelle.
By B D. Whitney, Jiarlhhmo' : JppUs — Quince ;
Red ; ilerefordshire ; Red Streak ; Blue Pearmain ;
Puniftkin Sweel i Cathead: Summer Pearmain;
Red Hamburg.

Penrs — Beurre Moac ; Harvard.
By Rev. Mr. Allen, Norlhboro' : .4p/>/«» — name
unknown.

By Clieever Newhall, Dorchester : Peart — St.
Michael; Poun<J ; Beurre Ranee; Beurre Did;

Bartlett ; Napoleon ; Surpasse Virgalieu ; Wilkin-
son ; Chaumontelle.

Appks — Gravenstein ; William's Favorite ; Pip-
pin.

From S. Downer, Dorchester : Pears — Dix :
King of Wirtemburg ; Diel; Urbaniste; Fulton;
Marie Louise ; D'Aremburg; Wilkinson; Monsieur
John.

Jippks — Esopus Spitzenburg ; Show ; Horn, oi
Ramsliorn ; Pumpkin Sweet.

From J. F. Pierce, Dorchester : Appks — Squash.
Pears — St. Michael.

From Wni. Oliver, Dorchester: Peaches — Presi-
dent.

Pears — Duchesse d' Angoulerae ; Seckle ; Su
Michaol ; Urbaniste; Capiamont; Broca's Berga-
mot.

From George Brown, Beverly : Pears — Bartlett
Seckle ; Brown Beurre ; Jalousie; Prince's St, Ger-
main ; Urbaniste; Easter Beurre; St. Michael
La Vanstalle or Princess d' Orange ; two French
names unknown.

Appks — Drnp d' Or; Spitzenburg; Baldwin
Pomme d' Api ; Cresy ; Sweeting ; Pickman Pip-
pin ; Siberian Crab ; Blue Pearmain.
Peaches — White Malacatune.
J^eclnrines — Harrison.

From Wni. Stearns, Salem : Pears — Tarbel
Chelmsford; Endicott.

From Josiah Lovett, 2d, Beverly : Pears — Duch-
esse d' .\ngouleme ; Beurre Diel ; Bartlett ; D'Arem-
berg ; Seckle ; Bezy de la Motte ; Frederic of Wir-
temberg.

.^/Tp/es— Baldwin ; Drap d' Or ; Kilham Hill.
From Win. Mcintosh, West Roxbury : Appks —
Piirr;'kiu Sweeting; Ro.^bury Russet ; Fall Ru»'
set ; Snow Russet ; St. Petersburg.
Pears — 4 kinds, unknown.

From George Pierce, West Cambridge : Penchtn
— Willow ; Royal George.

From Win. Kenrick, Newton : Pears — Beurn
d'Arembiirg; Easter Beurre ; Capiamont; Gloa
Morceau, or Beurre d' Aremburg of France ; Duchi
esse d' Angouleme ; Fulton; Catillac ; Dr. Hunt'1
Connecticut; Passe Colmar.

Peaches — Malta or Belle de Paris ; Catherine
Old Mixon; Vinouse; Tardif; Pavie Abricote.

From E. M. Richards, Dcdham: Appks — Ly»>i
com ; Fall Sopsavine ; Fall Pippin; Seekoofarther
Codlin.

From Otis Johnson, Lynn ; Pears — BulTum
Princesse d'Orange ; Burgomaster ; Catillac ; Pound
D'Aremburg ; Suuiincr Thorn ; Roi de Wirtemburg
Easter Beurre ; Duchesse d' Angouleme ; Passe Col-
mar ; Bleeker's Meadow ; Napoleon ; Washington
Bonne Louise de Jersey ; Green Sugar : Sl. Mi
cliaol ; Jalousie; Hi>ricart : Bartlett; Admiral
Culotte de Swisse ; Long Green of Autumn ; tlitei
k.nds, names unknown.

From Kendall Bailey, Charlestown : Grapes—
While Sweetwater ; Isabella ; Red Chassclan.

From J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton : AppUs—
Gloria Mundi ; Porter; Greening; Golden Russet
River; Lady ; Baldwin.

Pears — Napoleon ; Urbaniste ; Seckle ; Ronssc
lette de Rheims ; Julienne; Brown Beurre ; Alarii
Louise.

Peaches — Red and Yellow Rareripe; Teton
Venus; Red Magdalen ; Petite Magdalen ; Petij
France ; I>emon Rareripe ; Late Royal Geurg
Yellow Malacatune; Kenrick's Healh.
From John Hawkins, Baltimore: Apphs.
From Messrs. Winshlp, Brighton — Shephnrdil

vol,. XX. NO. I«.

A N D H C) R T I C U L T U R A L REGIS T E R

13.1

■or BiilVnlo berry ; I'liysnlis I'oruviann, .'1 kind:* ; u
new fruit from Calcutta, South .Atnerica and tliu
Stato of Michigan.

Frarm Pnincis R. Digolow, McHford : Grapes —
habelln.

.'tpplfs — Rambour Franc ; .Mi>nstrous Pippin ;
Red nnd (Jroen Sweet.

Pear.i — Spnniali (iood Christian ; St. Michael.

From Benj. V. French, llraintrec : Pears — Flo-

rcHo ; Hoiirro Remain ; Jaininette ; l,ong Green ;

Louij Bonne ; Beurro Van Mono ; BulTuni ; Beurre

pris ; .'> kinds unkmnvn.

.Ipplr.1 — I")iitch Coillir); Canada Reiiioi:e ; Yel-
low Bellflowcr; Jericho; Monstrous Pippin; Rug
jrles : .M.>orc's Red Winter; French's Sweet ; Gar
diner's Striped ; Gardiner's Sweet ; fi varieties
nanios unknown.

From .■\. D. WilliamfS Roxbury : .Ipplu — Por-
ter; Ramshorn ; LaHy ; Gravenslein.

Peara — Bartlflt ; n. kind unknown.
Grapes — Black Hambur;:.

From Dr. Burnet, Soutliboro' : Penr$ — Konrick
of Van Mons ; Burnet; Henrietta of Van Mons.

.Ipples — Seedling.

From Walter Cornel, Milton, by Jos. Arnold, Jr.
Grapes — Black Hambur?.

From John Hovey, Ro.xbriry : Grapes — Sweet-
water (open culture.)

Peaches — Red Rareripe.

Apples — Pumpkin Sweet.

Pears — name unknown.

From S. Sweetscr, Woburn : Peaches — Martin
Rareripe.

From SjmucI Walker, Roxbury : Pears — Cap-
sheaf; Bnrtlelt ; Foodante Bergamet, of Van Mons ;
kind naxic unknown.

From Elijah Vose, Dorchester : Pfors — Napo-
leon; Marie Louise ; Urbaniste ; Duchesse d' An-
gouleme ; Buffuin; I)ix ; Bezy de la Alotte ; Long
Green ; W'arden; Gushing; Pope's Quaker; Roi
de Wirtemberg.

Apples — Gravenstein; Boxford ; Summer Pear-
main ; Hawthorndean ; Lady Haley's Nonesuch ;
Large Red Sweeting.

From N. .N. Dyer, Abington : Apples — Hightop
Sweeting; 'i Stedliags.

From Dana Dowse, Brighton : Apples — Mon-
strous Pippin.

From George Lee, West Cambridge : Apples —
Ribstone Pjppins; Swan's Sweeting.

Pears — unknown.

.^'tclariites — Elruge.

Grapes — Native Perry.

From J. Fisher, Brookline: Pears — Bartlett ;
Seckle; Sl Michael ; Andrews; Wilkinson; Roi
de Wirtemburg ; Passe Colmar; 1 unknown.

From Nath'l Clapp, Dorchester: Pears — Bart-
lett ; Broca's Bergaraot.

Peaches — Seedling ; Clingstones.

From Edward W^inslow, Roxbury ; Pears — Roi
de Wirtemburg.

Peach — Melacatune.

From D. K. Wilder, Lancaster, by Mr Carter,
Boston : Apple, known as the Graft — large and
handsome.

From S. R. Johnson, Charlestown : Grapes —
White Chasselaa — open culture.

P. P. Spaulding, Chelmsford : Pears— St. Mi-
chael's ; unknown (French.)

From James Vila, T.exington : Grapes — Black
Hamburg.

From Hovey &. Co., Boston : Pears — Long
Green ; Autumn.

I By Alix. Ahl.tnnun, fnii.i .Mr I'rait'r.. Wnt.-r-

! town: Grapes — Black Ilainburg ; Sl. I'llurs ; lluy.

I al Muscadine ; Sweetwater.

j Prnrj — Bartlett.

[ Vf<m Wni. Kurd, Newton: I'tars — Bartlett.

1 App'.rs — Fall Iliirvey ; Cathead.

From Stephen Fnuiicc, Jr., Roxbury : Grapes —
I White Chasselaa and Black Hamburg — both open
I culture.

Peaches — Seedling — fine.
I From John A. Keiirick, Newton : Peaches —
Spring Grove ; Vnnzundt Superb.

Apples — Bflldwin ; Hiyhtop Sweeting ; Hub-
bardston None.-suili.

From Samuel Pliipps, Dori:hest«r : Pears — Bart-
lett, of groat siae anil beauty.

From Frederic Tu lor, Nahant : PeucAe**— Win-
ship's.

Pears — Bezy Vaet ; Wilkinson; Beurro Ranee;
Napoleon ; Brown ileurre ; Bleokor's Meadow

From John Hill, West Caiubridge: Peaches —
Lemon Rareripes, a large quanlily, of delicious fla-
vor.

From Amos Hill, West Cambridge: Apples —
Porter.

From Edward Newberry, Brookline : Peaches —
a Inige ht.^ket of Jacque's Yellow.

From N. D. Chase, Lynn : Peaches — Crawford's
Early.

Vkoetables.

From M. P. Wilder, Dorchester — White Car-
rots.

From S. Downer, Dorchester — Missouri Mar-
row S(iuash.

From Win. Mcintosh, Roxbury — Chenango Po-
tatoes.

Prom S. Sweetser, Woburn — Tomatoes.

From Elijah Voso, Dorchester — Lima Beans.

From Francis R. Bigelow, Medford — Cherry
Tomatoes.

From J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton — Wiite Al-
trinolinm Carrots ; Sugar Beet; Yellow, Crimson
and Scarlet Tomatoes.

From Mr Everett, Wrentham — Peach TomatoeB.

From Otis Johnson, Lynn — Parsnips, Carrots
and Watermelons.

From Marshal Wyman, Woburn — Tomatoes.

From Josiali Lovett, 2d, Beverly — Beets, Car-
rots, &c. ; a groat variety.

From A. D. Williams, Roxbury; Squashes,
Beets, Carrots, Purple Egg Plants.

From John Hovey, Roxbury — Toir.atoes.
Per order,

S. WALKER, Chairman.

IMPROVEMENT OF POOR LANDS.
Another way of mending land, is what they call
n England, green dressing ; this is by sowing
buckwheat, oats or ryo, and when it is grown up
and is full of sap, they plow it in; iifter this, let it
lie till fully rotten, then plow again and sow your
wheat. I am told the Dutch people, on poor pine
plains, in this way, have fine crops of wheat; but
for green dressing, I should prefer above all, sow-
ing millet, on the account of the cheapness of seed-
ing the land ; the cost is but a trifle ; the stalk
and leaf growjng large, it must afford a good large
coat to turn in when plowed. Being once in Kent,
an old country farmer told me he had been in the
practice of green dressing ; he had plowed in green
oats ; it seemed to alter the color of tlie land ; it
looked much belter than the rest of the lot, which

had not bein no .M'rvud. Thu farmer mini, tliiit he
could ruiiie land ur increoso the (trcngth tu a great
[ degreo in a few yeura, in the following manner :
, uflur his oalR worn liarveslcd, he added hoiiiO locd
I to iho scattered oats, plowed it in, at the end of
I Scpteiiilior plowed in the grcrii oat.", and »owed it
I with rye ; the next Hunimcr, when the ryo waa well
I grown and full of aap, plowed that in, at common
I sowing time; it would be fit to produce a hirgc
crop of wheat. All the cnkl of plowing and seed,
is not HO much os the cost of dung, carting and
[Spreading, if we can get it; birtthe difficulty il, it
j is not to be had upon any linns; there are very
few such bad hiisbandii as to sell their dung.
I Mr Edmund Quincy, of Bofiton, a gentleman of
learning and ingenuity, to whom I am indebted
for many useful hints and ob.'jcrvationg — infornii
ine, tliat having a son reaiding al Porlinore, in
England, the young gentleman writes, that some
farmers in that neighborhood are- entered into a
new practice, which is to sow their dry land which
is not fit for pasture, with rye, ond feed their sheep
upon it, so tliat it may not spindle' or grow op;
that this feed makes excellent .-rrtilton, and will
continue to grow from year to .<year, without any
tillage or resowiiig; he doth not say how long it
will continue : possibly the practice is so new that
they do not know themselves. ' 1 have obseryed
that where sheep are well kept, 'and remain upon,
the land night and day, the land will grow better.
As rye will endure the heat of a strong sun much
better than grass, 'tis seldom hurt with dfoughL
I suppose this may be of great service in our South-
ern Colonies, where the heat comes so fast that the
grass has not time to cover and shelter the roots
from the picrcin? rays of the sun. The advantage
of the grass growing up before there is a strong
heat is, that the grass gathers nnd preserves the
dews for tlic benefit of the roots: when dew falls
upon naked and un^lieltereJ land that is not plow-
ed, made soft, and so fitted to drink up and retain
the dews, '>r w3il clothed with grass, what falls in
the night is exhaled in the day, and thus the ground
is robbed of that which is tho chief riches.of the
atmosphere.

If I understand it right, this being the state of
some of our Colonies, the ."vbove named method of
making artificial pa.'^turo with rye, may be of ad-
vantage to them, and of use tlso to ua where the
soil is dry.

That wheat and rye bear drought much better
than gross, is an old observation preserved in one
of the English proverbs —

" VVet May makes short corn and long hay.
" Dry May makes long corn and short hay."
As the old English proverbs contain truth and
good sense, founded on due observation and expe-
rience, 1 have a fondness for them. — Elliot's Es-
says, piiblishe-l in 17-17.

FOUL MEADOW GRASS.
In a former essay, I mentioned the strange and
peculiar property of foul meadow grass, that it will
hold out to be in season for cutting, from the bo.
ginning of July till some time in October; this 1
wondered at, but viewing some of it attentively, I
think I have found the reason of it : when it w
grown about three feet high, it then falls down, but
doth not rot like other grass when lodged ; in a
little time after it is thus fallen down, at I'very joint
it puts forth a new branch : now to maintain this
young brood of succors, there must be a plentiful
course of sap conveyed up through the main stem,

124

N E W ENGLAND FARMER,

OCT. 20, IS41.

or straw ; by this means the grass is kept green,
and fit for mowinfr all this long period.

Whether this ynuni; growth from the Joints, be
owing to the liorizontal position of the straw, or
whether it is a confirmation of that doctrine, that
the joints of plants are seed-vessels, I leave to natu-
ralists to determine.

I find by experience, that the best time to mow
this grass, is when these new branches or succors
have obtained to their full growth — Ihiil.

RECLALMING BOGS AND SWAMPS.

1 would comnrtGnd and encourage the clearing
and draining of Rwamps and bogs, as there is a
depth of rich soil for the nourishment of the rankest
vegetables, and they cai not fail of being the best
of every man's estate who is possessed of them : I
think they will prove like the drained bogs in Ire-
land.

This branch of husbandry is improved and ad-
vancing yearly, and in many places makes a fine
show. Take a view of ft swamp in its original
state; full of bogs, overgrown with flags, brakes,
poisonous woods and vines, with other i;seless pro-
ducts, the genuine -Oitspring of stagnant waters.

Its miry bottom, a harbor to turtles, toads, efts,
snakes, and other c^e(.^i^g vermin. The baleful
thickets of brambles,' n;,d the dreary shades of lar-
ger growth; the d«clling-place of the owl aud
the bittern ; a portion of fo.\es, and a cage of eve-
ry unclean ajid hateful bird. Now take another
survey of the same place, after the labor of clear-
ing, ditching, draining, burning, and other needful
culture has passed upon it.

Behold it iiow, clothed with sweet verdant grass,
adorned witii the lofty wide-spreading well-set In-
di.iii coiii ; llic yollo.v b;irloy ; the iilver-coloicU
finx ; the ramping hemp, beautified with fine ranges
of cabbage; the delicious melon, and the best of
tuniips — all ple.isiiig to the eye, and many agreea-
ble to the taste ; a wonderful cliaoge this! and all
brought about in a short time; a • resemblance of
creation, as much as we; impotent beings can at-
tain to — the liappy prodcct of skill and industry.

Suinptudus buildings and fine gardens, afford a
pleasing prospect, and strike the eye agreeably ;
what are the gaudy shows, the fleeting joys (^f Ra-
nelagh ; the glittering scenes, the chanting music,
the splendid banquets of Vauxhall, compared with
the more than rural pleasures to be enjoyed in
these new sprung fields, considered as a rich source
of supply for man and beast ? but more especially
considered as a compendious lasting fund of chari-
ty .' it being a more extensive charity to prevent
beggary than to relieve it These views serve to
waft away the soul upon the wings of exulting ele-
vated thoughts and warm desires, towards the
Great Creaturand Beneficent Ruler of the Universe.
—Ibid.

SALT AND LIME.
It would be, perhaps, difficult to name any other
Bubslance in the catiilogue of modern fertilizers,
whoso powers have been so often disputed as com-
mon tall. For tills controversy many reasons may
be assigned. It has been generally employed with
little scientific accuracy, has been tried in a man-
ner far too careless fiir any reliance to be placed
upon the majority of the reports which have been
furnished to us, and for many years a prohibitory
duty rendered it inaccessible to the farmer, an im-
post whicii has not very long been removed, and
which yet was the occasion of a great variety of

blundering trials, miscalled experiments. The du-
ty on salt was indeed one of long continuance. It
originated as a »ar tax, in the ninth year of the
reign of W'illiam the Third, and was not removed
until after an arduous debate at the end of that of
George the Third. The price of salt thus raised
to more than aOs. a bushel, was, in consequence,
too expensive a fertilizer to be employed by the
English farmers. During that long period it was
known only in their traditions. Through these
they were told that it was formerly used to kill
worms and to destroy weeds ; that it cleansed fal-
lows, increased the produce of light arable soils,
and sweetened grass. These reported advantages
were rendered more probable by certain facts that
had been forced as it were upon their attention.
Every gardener was aware tliat the brine of the
pickling tubs when poured over his heaps of weeds,
not only killed those weeds and their attendant
seeds and grubs, but that these heaps were then
converted into so many parcels of the most fertili-
zing manure, whose good efiects, especially upon
potatoes and carrots, were very decided. It was
well known too, that a single grain of salt, placed
upon an earth-worm, speedily destroyed it ; that if
brine was poured upon a lawn, that from that spot
all the earth worms were immediately ejected ; and
that if it was sprinkled over a portion of the grass,
on this salted portion all the deer, or sheep, or
horses of the park constantly repaired, in prefe-
rence to any other part of the field. Salt, evicfent-
ly, .therefore, destroyed weeds and worms, and ren-
dered grass more palatable to live stock ; and, up-
on consulting the old agricultural ivriters, it was
found that the notices of salt as a manure were
many and important, and that salt had been cm-
ployed in various agricultural operations from a
very early period. Thus it is referred to by St.
Luke, ch. xiv. v. 34 ; Virgil reprobates a salt soil ;
Cato recommends it for cattle, hay, straw, &c., as
does Virgil (lib. iii. v. 394.) The early German
farmers knew of its value for sheep, and for the
same purpose, in Spain, it has been employed from
ihe earliest ages. In i7.")0, Conrad llercbaschius
commends it as a certain prevention of the " mur-
rain or rotte." In Ki.")'), Sir Hugh Piatt speaks of
salt as a fertilizer, in his usual visionary manner,
and details the result of a very successful experi-
ment on a "jialch of c;round" at Clapham, from
which some late writers upon the uses of salt, have
led their readers into great blunders, by stating
this experiment to have been performetl upon an
acre of land.

The use of salt by th« cultivator, since the re-
peal of the duties in Iri^.'}, has been considerable,
however, in many districts of England, in spite of
these blundering instructions, ill-contrived experi-
ments, and Ignorant conclusions. If to this be ad-
ded the natural difficulty of obt,iining correct re-
sults in any experiments in which vegetable life is
concerned, we need no longer be surprised Uiat
many contradictory statemenla have been made
with regard not only to salt, but to all other fer-
tilizers.

These dillicnlties, with regard to vegetable
chemistry, and the phenomena wjih which it
abounds, are, in fact, not fow in number; they
meet us in every investigation, from the period
when a seed first begins to germinate, through its
growth, its ripening, its decay; and, finally, when
the putrefactive ferir.entation, by reducing the
whole mass of vegetable matter to its constituent
earths and gases, puts an end to every trace of a

vegetable substance, we are still obliged often t
content ourselves with examining and noting tli
phenomena we cannot chemically explain. The^
mysteries were observed at the very dawn of nioi
ern chemistry, that the same moss of earth, th
same water, the same atmosphere, could, at th
same time, produce the flour of the wheat, the op
uin of the puppy, the oxalic acid of the sorrel, th
vegetable poisons of the hemlock and the nigh
shade, the sugar of the beet-rout, and tlie timber <
the forest — none of which are contained in eitht
the soil, the water, or the atmosphere — were ma
ters of serious and undivided attention ; and a
though the ablest chemical philosophers have ii
vestigated these vegetable mysteries, the harvet
they have reaped, though highly important, ha
hardly been worthy of the laborers.

A mixture of salt and lime was recommended a
a manure by the celebrated German chemist, Glai
her, in his Hints for the Prosperity of Agricultun
more than two centuries since. Ho at some lengt
described the mode of preparing it, and charactei
ized the compound of soda and muriate of lini
produced, as " most fit for dunging lands, and to b
used instead of the common beasts' dung." Chris
lopher Packe, \.ho in 10^8, published a huge foli
translation of Glauber's works, enforces the valu
of this fertilizing compound, with much earnest
ness, in his preface, describing it as " thecheopefc
of all mixtures for the enriching of poor and barre
land." The want of scientific knowledge amongS"
farnters, and the hindrance to tlie use of sal'
through the duties, which were so long impose
upon it, naturally prevented any extensive use c
this fertilizer ; yet there have been many acciden
tal or occasional notices o.'" its valnc. Thus, for
great many years, it has been the practice of th
farmers of Essex, and other English maritime coun
ties, to steep their seed wheat in sea-water, strength
ened with salt, until it is of a sufficient gravity t
float an egg, and then roll the brined seed in limt
This, they Consider, not only prevents smut in th
corn, but promotes the general health and vigor c
the [ilanl. The Essex farmers have a traditio
that this plan was discovered by the accident of
farmer's laborer dropping a sack of seed whea
from the boat in which he was crossing the nioutJ
of the river Crouch. It was long, however, thi
superstitious belief of the district, that the salt
water wetting must be the result of accident, ti
produce a good result. The Cornish farmers havi
for centuries used the valine, calcareous sand o
the coasts of Devon, whicli contains IJ4 per cent
of carbonate of lime, fetching it for some milei
from the shore, in preference, says Dr Paris, to the
unsalted sand, which they can procure at theij
own doors. The very mixture of salt and lime
wiis successfully employed in Ayrshire many yean
since. And George Sinclair, in 181b, very nearly
demonstrated at Woburn, the value of this appli-
cation. He unfortunately, however, applied the
salt and the lime separately ; yet still with con.
siderable benefit The use of salt and lime wa*
noticed in Ihe year 1800, by Mr llollingshead, of
(;;horley, in Lancashire, who observes — "Lime
prepared for manure, should be slacked with salt
springs or salt water ; lime so slacked, will have a
double effect." In 1H04, in the experiments of the
late Rev. Edmund Curtwright, upon potatoes, with
twentyfivc manures, or mixtures of manures, salt
and lime were found superior, in their product of
potatoes, to nineteen others. And in 181ij, Mr
James Manley, of Anderton, in Clicshirc, when

VOL. XX. .\n. 10.

AND H 0 R T I C U 1. T LJ R A r, REGISTER

125

giving his evidence before a coiuniiltoc of tlio
louso of Cominoi\H on llio salt duticii, iiientioiicil,
that 111 ^jolting marl (which i:i a (iiixtiirc of carbon-
ate ol lime, aluiiuiia and silica,) lio had found that,
by mixing it with brine instead of water, that the
portion of the lield on which the brined marl was
used, yielded live biiahcU of whcnt per acre more
San that portion on wliicli ilio watered marl was
mployed. — Johnson's History uf Manures.

BLOSSOM IILOS PERISHING (N WINTEIL
A correspondent wishes to know why the bloa-

tioin buds of the peach and apricot perish in Win-
er '' and also, if there is any way to prevent «uch
OSS ?

A flowing' of the sap late in autumn, or in win-
;cr, followed by intense cold, has long been con-
idcrcd 08 the cause of this damajje ; and we have
10 doubt of its being the true cause ; for those
uds can endure a very low temperature, if they
re not started by unseasonable warmth. We
lave no knowledge that they have ever been killed
n this condition, by the severest cold of this cli-
nate — perhaps ten or fifteen degrees below zero:
ind in the elevated region between the Susque-
lanna and the Delaware, they have probably en-
lured a depression of ten degrees more. Our cold-
■9t winters, when not interrupted by thaws, have
renerally, if not always, been succeeded by fruil-
ul seasons.

In the winter of 18.31-2, the snow drifted around

peach tree in our fruit garden, so that 'one low
imb was entirely buried. This rough weather
fas succeeded by a thaw soon at\er New Year's,
ind the thaw by intense cold. I'caches were very
earce in the lolloiving season. The highest
mbs— the very tops— to which the reflected "heat
-om the ground could .scarcely reach— had a few,
'bile the limb which was buried in the snow, was
jaded down with fruit.

The same effect was produced on a limb that

ested on tlie roof of a building, and was covered

^p in a drift. The warm winds that started the

ther buds, passed over without touching, and left

: torpid.

On bleak northern aspects, we believe the peach
-ee is generally productive in this climate ; and
•e explain the following cases on the same princi-
Je:

For many years we resided in a wide valley,
ounded on two sides by high hills. In the valley,
le peach was an uncertain crop ; but on the hills

rarely failed. A careful observer, who lived in
more sheltered valley of the same district, as-
ured us that the peach tree with them was un-
uitful as often as six years out of seven. In val-
;ys the temperature is more variable than on the
ills- warmer at one time and colder at another;
)r it has been ascertained that in severe but calm
eather, the cold air settles down in the lowest
laces.

Last winter was milder than usual, and yet we
ad some shrubs more injured than in seasons of
itcnse cold. It appears that in these shrubs the
ip had started, and the sharp frosts that followed
ere destructive to a part of their branches.

Treading down the snow so as to accumulate a
impact mass round the tree, and then covering it
ith straw, has been fonnd useful. We have seen
n apple retarded in its vegetation for a fortnight
I Uie spring, by piling wood round it ; but the,
•eather here is so variable and uncertain, that

what was useful in one season, may bo useless in
uiiuthcr — Genesee Farmer.

From the Allinny CulliTutor,

BUCKTHORN HEDGES.

H'illis Caylord, Esq. — Dear Sir— In replying to
your favor of the Vi\\\ of August, it will give me
pleasure to furnish you any inforiimtion in my pow.
er respecting the Biicktliorn for hedges. It is
nearly forty years since I commenced experiments
with n variety of plants for making hedges. Fir.it,
with the English Hawthorn, and soon found it was
not adapted to our warm dry summers ; it would
bliirht as early as .August and lose its foliage, and
was frequently destroyed by the borer. Amon>r
other plants, I tried the three thorned Acacia, to-
commended by Judge Duel, but the experiment
was not satisfactory ; it was too open below, and
liable to be killed down by the winter as much as
it grew the previous season. In the garden of the
venerable Dr Holyoke, of this city, which adjoin-
ed that of my brother, there was a large tree of the
buckthorn or Rhamnii.i catharticus. In Jigging
the latter garden, about the year IS08, thcre^were
found several young plants which had grown from
seed shed by this tree. They were given to me
and set out in a nursery: finding they grew rapid-
ly, I was induced to try thein for a hedge, and I
have been highly pleased with the result. They
were set in a single row in my garden, and very
soon became a beautiful hedge, and it remains so
to the present time. Not a single plant has failed
and has never been attacked by any insect ; it
vegetates early in the spring, and retains its ver-
dure very iate in the fall. It can be trained into
ahi.ost any form, and makes a beautiful arch over
a gate-way or passage. I was so much pleased
with this experiment, that I have since set out seve-
ral other hedges, all of which are now making a
beautiful appearance. With these properties, it
has become quite a favorite plant for hedges in
this section of the country, and I have been induc-
ed to raise it for distribution. I have now at least
one hundred and fifty rods of this hedge, which
has been greatly admired by every peisoir who haS
seen the same. 1 am so fully convinced that the
English hawthorn is not suitable for our climate, I
should not advise any one to set out a hedge with
it, provided it could be done free of expense". One
that nearly surrounded my garden, began to fail
soon after it was set, and I was induced to set a
buckthorn between each of the hawthorns, and it
now makes a fine and thick hedge.

Respecting the culture of this plant, I should
recommend sowing the seed in the fall, (as it is
taken from the tree,) rather thick, in drills from
14 to IG inches apart ; it will vegetate the next
spring : should leave it in the eeed-bcd the first
season, and remove them to a nursery the follon-
ing spring. As soon as the plants are of a good
size, about 18 inches high, I should plant them out
where I wished to make the hedge, fn a single row,
about eight or nine inches apart, either in the
spring or fall of the year, as suited my conveni-
ence. As soon as they begin to vegetate ailcr
setting them out for a hedge, I should" head them !
down to within six inches of the ground, which 1
causes them to thicken from the bottom; this I
consider very important, as it tends greatly to
beautify the hedge. Tlie only fault I find with
my first hedge is, that I did not follow this plan,
and it ia not so thick near the bottom as those I

' hove since act out. In the after mnnngoment, very
little more ii required than to keep Ihi- ground
I clear Irnin weeds, and to form the hcilge in any
way most agrooable to the cultivator. It should
be trimmed regularly every yeor, and I consider
tho month of June as the most suitable season fur
that purpose: the grcalest portion of the labor may
be done with a common scythe.

In answer to that portion of your letter request-
ing information whether the plants would bo siiita-
blo to the latitude of .Maryland, I can only say,
that I have no doubt it would answer for most of
tho States in the Union. It oppears remarkably
hardy, and adapts itsclfto almost iiny situation. I
have been called upon for plants to be sent to seve-
ral of the Stales, a number for the neighborhood
of Baltimore, and I have not in a single instance
been advised thatllicy have not succreded.
Very respectfully, yours, &ic.

E. HERSEY DERIiY.

Salem, Mass., ^ug'. 21, 1841.

From the same.

FAR.MRRS, CUT YOUR FODDER.

Messrs. Gaylord S,- Tucker — As the great mass
of tarmeis in this vicinity, appear to be ignorant of
the advantages of making use of cut feed for their
stock, I will give you the outline of my experi-
ment this season, hoping that it will be the meas
of inducing many others to make a trial. It was
sometin>e in February last that I procured an im-
proved Straw Cutter, (Gibson's Patent,) and having
a quantity of rye straw, and knowing I should be
short of hay, I concluded bv making the host use
I could with my straw, I could with little labor,
make a saving equal to a ton of hay, worth .flT);
and thus save more than one half the expense of
the machine this seison. But the resolt is much
more favorable, for in addition to my rye straw, |
had about three tons of coarse fodder, consisting
of different proportions of sw^amp hay, rye, wheat,
buckwheat, and pea straw.;' to this mixed mass, I
added as I cut it, about one fourth part good hay.
1 fed this to my cattle (.];) in number,; just as
came from tlie machine; they fed onit with a good
relish, appeared satisfied, and rather imiirovcd in
condition. Instead, thercforo, of saving only half
the expense of my machine, I lia^'c saved moie
than the first cost, {i-20,) and had I obtained one
last fall, it would have saved more than .'?50.

I verily believe that one third more stock might
be kept on farms generally by our would-be eco-
nomical farmers turning to good account all their
coarse fodder. I!y obtaining a good machine, I
have saved three tons of good fodder, which other-
wise would scarcely have been worth three hun-
dred of good hay.

To my team horses, one span, I give 20 quarts
ground oats with as much cut straw as they will
eat: they prefer this feed to clear oats, and are in
first rate working order. The length I cut niy
straw, &c. is three fourths of an inch, although I
sec no objections to cutting it longer for cattle.

Brother farmers, are not these things worthy

your attention ? Will you try the experiment ?

Purchase some good machine — [there arc some
excellent Straw Cutters for sale at 52 N. Market St.,
Boston — " P. I)."] — every farmer ought to have one.
RICHARD FISK.

Bennington, Vt., May 15, 1841.

Spend less than you earn, and keep out of debt.

1-26

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCT. 20, 1841

A.M) HOR IICULTL'KAL lUGISTER.

UOBTOW, WxDKESDAr, OCTOBKR 20, 1841.

\VOKCi:STKR COUNTY CATTLE SHOW.
On VVe<liiei.rfay c.f lam week, llio Agricultural Society
of Wnrcrsler County lieM its aiimwl eiliibitimi. Tlio
jiitnlligence und ciiterprizn of the citizuns Ihore, (ngi-ih-
«r Willi the ►ircrgih of ttio soil upon llieir liills and
tlirougli llifir valloy-i, liad us alHavs lo ejpecl n rich
displnv "h.-n thf y bring togethrr the best (roiii their
flocks, iiPrds and (ruit-i. The expeclalinn was iiol dis-
au|ioiiilod, though there are doublh;sB materiels in the
county for making a much better exhibition, in some of
its partii, llian was furnished.

TliB numbi^r of aniTiinl- entered for premium was
454 ; some of those probnbly were not on the ground.
The number above slated include.i about 140 swine. —
Amon" these were pure Bcrkshircs and crosses of every
grade. The display of Uiis class of animals was not only
. oxiensivc, but was in every respect very fine. No other
pen can do such justice to them as that of him who lias
•often sat as chief justice of the court which there adjudi-
cates in relation to the bristled tribe. We hope ere
Innr' to get the decision of that high tribunal, and shall
give no opinions in Rdv.mcp. Worcester pork, though
. good in itself, is yrenlty improved when pickled in the
" attic salt" which is found in that region.

Froui the pens where fat and happy hogs were do»-
'I'Ki we parsed to llii>sc ill which cattle and sliocp were
confined. Here «ere 8 or 9 large and fat oxen ; but not
IIS fine as the county has sometimes produced. The
bulls, suvernl of them at least, were very fine animals.
Of milch cows, the show was very small, and the few
which were there had no prominent marks of gnat ex-
cnllence. Snveral heifers upon the ground promised lo
■bociime valuable cows — Sheep we have litlle knowl-
edge of, and can give no opinion as to the merits of
■ those which were e.ihibiteil.

Trom the caUle pens vie went to tlio plowing fTeld,
where about twenty '.earns were on the ground. One
eighth of an acre was allotted lo each. The land was
■very rocky ; more so than we have ever seen before ae
lectcd for a plinvinu mulch, ll w.-i

tennining the training of the plowmen's tempers and
T)ilience, and also the training of the teams ; for ihcro
■was scarcely a furrow from which the plow was not
thrown out, so as to make it necessary lo stop and back I
no. The plowing was shallow, and the work was done
-with great deliberation — more slowly, indeed, than we
should be desirous of having a team move when pcr-
iurming ihe ordinary plowing upon tlio farm. Nearly
a\\ the cattle upon the field wore quite young and were
•wall trained. The plows, we think, were all of Rug-
bies, Nourse & nason'd manufacture. The ground
wa* BUch that it is iinpo"sible to compare tiri work with
that which isusuallyV'-rformed on such occasions. — We
moticed a boy only 12 years old, Francis Wheelock, of
<irafion, holding one of the plows and driving his team.
ilia work was very good.

Wo understood thai the comiiiiltecs lbi<re paid no re-
j>ard to the liiiie consumed in plowing, but allowed each
plowman to tako as much as he wished fi>r. ll is doubt-
less a good arrangement wliicli gein rid of the hurrying
and whipping that have often been witnessed upon the
field of compelilion ; but wu are not prepared lo say
that wo approve nf u pace cpiite so slow us was allowed
oo the occasion we are describing.

Leaving the plowing field wo went to the meeting
lioiue, and listened to the address by Hon. Josiah Qiiin-

i;y, Jr., of this city. Rarely do we meet with a perfor-
mance so satisfactory as this. Neatly illustrating, by
reference to a classical anecdote, the folly of treating
upon matters with which he was less acquainted than
his hearers, the speaker informed the audience that the
best specimens of slock presenl were not offered for pre-
miums. The breed to which he referred required train-
ing, and rather peculiar training. If badly managed,
they might prove like the stock of tho man down cast

Mr Robinson stated his interest in the formation of
Naiioi al -Xgricullural Society.

Col. Wilder, as President of the Maieacbusetti Hoi
ticullural Society, made a few appropriate remarks.

From the dinner table there was an adjournment '
the hall, where the reports of committees were made.-
This work was not finished until the shades of evenir
were gathered around us.

The exhibition proper — the character of the Ihouaani
he hospitality of the citizen

who by w.iy of speculation, raised wolves for the sake -of people present— the hospitality of ll

of the bounty, but found them "about the most trouble- combine lo render a visit to Worcester exceeding

s.jmest kind .)• Slock he ever seed." By proper treat- 1 pleasant
ineni, however, the animal lo which he referred, might
be sreatly improved. (He referred to man ) And his
eubjecl was the peculiar advantages of an agricultural
life for developing and improving man— for gratifying his
wants and satis'yinj; bis desires, when they are proper-
ly regulated. Tho subject was treated wiUi great clear-
ness and beauty. The high moral tone and the dignified
manliness which pervaded it, place this performance
high among the best we ever had opportuuiy to hear.
.\nd we will not withhold the expression of a desire
thai it may be published.

The trial of working oxen came next. This was woll
contested.- Eighteen yoke of cattle were separately
tried. The greater pari of them were young, handsome,
and well trained. In other counties, where less stock
israised, we find larger cattle put upon trial than were
seen here, and of course frequently see a heavy load
moveil with more ease than in this instance ; but we
have seldom liefore seen young oxen (steers) do as well
as some thai were hero put upon trial. No other coun-
ty in tho Commonweallh can compete willi this in
young workiiijj oxen.

Our steps were next directed lo the H orticultural Ex-
hibition, where we found a fine display of many kinds
of fruits. The apples were uncommonly Urge and lair.
In the room containing manufactured articles, the
crowd prevenlod our making any accurate observations.
The ladie» contributed various specimens of needle-
work ; and butter nnd cheese, (which wo presume
came from their hands,) was there in abundance, and
looked templing. Various agricultural implements,
also leather, cloth-, &c. were in the hall.
II chosen for de- 1 Next came the hour of dinner— and while at the table,
tho President of tho Society (Gov. Lincoln,; favored
us by the reading of various appropriate toasts, and
drew up Mr Webster, Gov. Davis, Mr Quincy, CI.
Wilder, of Dorchester, and Mr Solon Robinson, of Indi-
ana. Each of these gentlemen favored the company
with « short and appropriate speech.

Mr Webster maintained that tho high lands of New
England should be appropriated to alocH—Ui beef— to
wool-and the dairy, 'lliat it is better for us lo ex-
clii'.n-e these orlicles at the South for giaiu. than to be-
come very extensively a grain-growing people. IlisU.ry
shows that the grain-growing tounlries are poor, and
that tlicir soils deteriorate. In England the great agri-
cultural wealth is on the hoof, and their slock is llie
great source of profit and improvement.

Gov. Davis found in the fact lliat Massachusetls and
Rhode Islanrl take lend of the other Slatca in thnnmouni
of weallh which th. ir industry produces, a proof of the
benefit of a division of labor— of a community cngi'ged
in various pursuits, ns agriculture, commerce, manufac-
tures, &c. ; and, as tho Western Slates ore receiving
many of their influential settlers from Massachusetts
and us vicinity, our institutions and our principles will
tak« root in that soil, nnd we shall find this division of
labor and its allendanl beiiofits extending itself through
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, nnd still farthor west.

GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVENtSS OK THI!
BALDWl.N AI'PLE TREE.

In conversation with a very intelligent and industi
ous farmer in lirooklinc, (Mr Coolid^e,) he informed t
that sixteen years ago ho purchased from 80 to 100 snia
Baldwin apple trees, that had been grafled one yes
and were not larger round than the lillle finger. Fro
these trees, last year, he took 300 barrels of apples.-
The land around them has been tilled nearly or qui
all the time.

lie says also, that trees which he lias recently set u
on land where be has lately taken offa growth of savi
or red cedar, are making a very rapid growth. W>
suppose it true generally, if not universally, that lai
from which a growth of any forest tree has been lake
is favorable to the growth of the ajiple.

SALT LEY— SOAP BOILERS WASTE.
The same gentleman informs us that he has for mar
years made use of the spent ley which soap boilers' ri
off when making hard s ap. When run into loam
Meadow mud, it is serviceable to corn or to grass. Tl
article he says is worth preserving, though he does n
obtain it when he can get a full supply of nigJii soil,
his opinion it is very serviceable to run into u heap
coarse iiianiire ; that it hastens the decomposition ai
increases the strcnglli ofsiicli heaps.

LARGE SQUASHES.

We are informed by n gentleman from the South wl
saw them, that there were exhibited at Northampto
Mass., a few days since, two squashes, one of whii
weighed 20a lbs. and th,' other IHO lbs. The namo
till! man who raised them was given lo our informal
but he lias forgotten it.

LIME IN THE POTATO POT
.•\n intelligent physician from South Carolina, tells i
that a piece of lime put into the pot in which you be
your potatoes, has a very good effect in rendering thai
less watery or more mealy. " How big a piece ■'
we. " .'Is big as a piece of lime," ho replied.

GREAT YIELD.
The Biill'alo Republican says — " Mr Luke Bennel,i
Alden, raised this season, linm luur acres and a half i
land, ninety two bushels of corn, uighlythrec of pel
one hunilred of potatoes, and three or lour hundft
weight ul hay. Tho corn averaged l'>I bushels to it
acre."

FROZEN POTATOES.
When potaiocs are frozen, »oak them for three li(
in cold water bifore conking them. If they aro frow
very hard,di8solvH a quarter of an ounce of ealtpotrel
every peck, and add it lo the water. By this metho'
I hey may bo rendered nearly 4s good as ever. — Selecti*

■^f—

vol.. IX. NO. IB.

A N D JI 0 R T I C L' L T U 11 A [. i{ E G I S T E R .

127

■rill'.llMO.MKTKlCAl,.

lirixirlrcl (III Ihr New Giiclitn.l I'nrliiri.

Rait^cofthe riicnnoniciiT nt (he (iur«!eiiur the |iropriotun

if the New Knglaml Farmer, llrifthion, M»n. in n ihadpH

(ortherly exiMwure, week emling Ocl. 17.

rtnmlav.

Pucs.ljy.
" Vdlnesdajr,
~i ^huikduf ,

'Vuliiv,

1..1..S,

Uci. 1S4I. |6,A.M. I 12,M. |6,P.M. t Wiii4.

60

6S

«3

54

(.3

47

63

19 1

t.0

" 1

61

4.-

42 1

w.

N.
N.
N.
S E
K.
N. I

IlKICIl lO.N MARKKT— MosiiAT, Oct. 18, 1841.
Rcporlr.l f.irllir .Ni-w Knclnnd F«rmer

.\i .Mirkcl 3300 Boi-f C'nttlp. 1800 Stnrea, 5800 Sheep
'^fi(l 13Cr> Swiiio. Iiicludine 500 unsold lual week.

Vnic tt.— lieef C<i«/« — Fin.t qualily, $5 25 a ."i 50.

lond quality, $4 a 4 75. Thud quality $3 a 4,011.

Barrelling Cattle. — An error in our rpporl of lant week
ve now rorrccl. No. 1 should hnvc hceii reported $^,00
nstead of 3,50. The followme prices are the oxient
uid to-day, viz Mess $4 00. No. 1, f 3,0>l. No. 2, 2,50.

Stores. — Two year old $3 a 12. 'I hree year old, .f;l3

21.

Sfierp. — About 1000 of the above were reported last
leek. \V« quote loisfrom $1 12, io$225.

inrine. —Lots to peddle, 2 3-4 a 3 fur sows, and 3 3-4
4 for barrows. At retail, 4 to 5.

8ITI'ATH>.\ AS (JAIIDK.M'-.lt A\ A.XTIOI).

An Kni;li»lunnn wh.i hiii Iwii in this cimnlry lor I
or three years, nii.l is ih.iriiughly arquiiiiile<l with his profes-
sion, wam» a siiuadon. Me until rslanili. foniiig, the uiiiii-
«Kement of a Rreenhnusc, and ihc layin^f oiil of ({rnHiiiN.
Any one in want ul such a person will lind him a valuuMe
acquisilinn. Best of references yiven. ll is dvsiraMc Ihiil
applications shoulil be made quickly. Address E. N. 1'.,
Box »4, Totl Office. iw Ocl. 20

WALKBR'S TVLIPS.

For sale by the subscribers u lino ussorlincnl of Walker's
splendid Tulips from 81 to 3 jcrdnz. Also, Crown Imiwr.
inis. Narcissus, llyacinlhs, &.c.

Oct 20. JOSKIMI imUCK & CO.

FItANCONIA RASPBRRRIKR.

For sale a lew hundred fine plants of this celebrated Rasp-
lierry Inquire ai this office. 3w Ocl. 1.1

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected irilfi if real earc, ucckly.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, 93 75 per bushel. Red Top, 50

3 65 cents. Clover — Northern, 13c. — Southern, 10 c.

lai Seed, SI 37 to I so Im. Lucerne, 25 c per lb. Ca-

«iy Seed, rtol a bushel in the market.
FLOUR. The accounts received from New V'ork to-day
an improvemeni in thai market, have had a favorable ef-

!ct on the article here. The sales for ihe most part of the

'eek had lieen for Genesee $5 7-S a 6, principally at the lai-

;r price, at which rates, more thsn lo onn T'lrr^lc rh!tn;7*>^

anus. A lot of 600 hbis Genesee was taken this morning

I go out of the market, at »6 12 1-2, but there were no sel-

rs at the close under SS 25 per bM. — 50» bbis Philadelphia
3ld yesterday at »6, and another parcel al the same, cash,

id Michigan and Ohio, at 45 S7 per bbl., — all held at higher
rices to-day,

FLOUR.— Raltiinore Howard Street S6 50 to 6 C2— Gen-

lee, common, 86 12 to 6 25— Ohio «6 26 to 6 37— Indian

:eal S3 50.

GRAIN.— Corn— Northern, bushel 74 to 75— Round Tel-
•w 73— Southern Flat Yellow "2— White do 69. — Rye

orlhem 78 to 60 — Oats— Soulhern 50 to 62 — Norlbern
210 54.

PROVISIONS. Very little has been done in new Beef,
at amnre active business is contemplated the ensuing week ;
rices not being established, we suspend, for the present, the

iual quotations. Pork remains without much alteration ;

le or two parcels have been sold al reduced prices ; (or
rime, theie has been nither a brisk demand, at 83 .so a 9 per
bl. 4 mos-i clear,8l3,and mess 4in 12 per bbl. The sales
f Lard comprise about 8000 kegs, principally taken to go out
"the market, 7c. cash, and 7 1 -4 a 7 I -2c. per lb, 4 mos. cr.

Beet— Mess, 4 mo. bbl. nominal — do Navy^SS 00 —
lo. 1 »7 00 a 7 5ft— Pork— Eitra clear, 4 mo bbl, 813 a 14

do Clear SI2 50 a 13 00— do Mess Sin a II 00 -do.
rime S j 50 a 9 Oi— do Mess from other States 8 1 0 a II 00 —

0 Prime do do »i 00 a 9 00— Clear do do $12 50 a 13 00
-Butler, shipping Cc. a 12c, — do store, uninspected 10 a
4— do dairy Ih a 18— Lard, No I, Boston ins. 7 a 8— do
ouihern and Western, 6 a 7 — Hams, Boston, 7 1 2 a 8 1-2
-do .Southern and Western, 6 a 7— Ch«se, Shipping and

meal, 4 a 6— do new milk, 5 a 7-

HAY, per ton, 818 to20-Easlem Screwed 817 lo 18.

CHEESE-Old 4 lo 6 c— New 6 to 7.

EGGS, 14 a 16.

WOOL— There has been a fair demand forall descriptions,
nd sa'cs to some extent have been made al prices corres-
nndiag wiih the ranjenf oar qnotalions The slock of pul-
td wool IS considerably diiniuislied, while that of fleece has
ither increased, but the supply of either description is not

1 large.

Prune or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 48 a 60 c. — Amer.
an full blood, do 45 a 47— Do 3 4do42 a 44 — Do. l-2do
8 a 40 — 1-4 and common do 33 a 36— Spanish sheep, RF
Dd S — a — Smyrna .Sheep, washed, 20 a 2S~Dn. un-
ashed, 10 a 14 — Bengasi do 8 a 10 — Saxony, clean, — a —
luenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 — do do picked, — a — Sn-
er6ne Northern pulled lamb 42 a 43 — No. 1 do, do. do. 37
40 — No. 2 do do do 26 a 30- No. 3 do do do 18 a 2u.

FRl'IT AND ORNAIHBIVTAL.TRKF.g, Ac.

Nl'RSKBY OF WILLIAM KENdrK.

Ot J^eacJt Trees and C/irmj VVtr.'i, u collec-
tion unrivalled in any former year, for eilensive
numbers of fine trees, of new and finest kinds.
Of Heath and of Hlum Trees, ihc list has
been increased by numerous addiiiiuis of new
kinds, ol those most highly prodnclive, and valuable, many
of which are "like new to our country, and very extraordi-
nary. Such were the selections made by lh« .subscriber in
Europe, and in person during last autumn, where all have
been proved. Those kinds already well known amongst us
beins identified by him by the wood and ihe leaf.

(inisebcrries of first quality. Apples, Quinces, Nectarines,
Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Currants, Strawber-
ries, &c, &c.

The new abridged nnd descriulive Catalogue (or 1842,
which is now in preparation, will be sent to all who apply

Omamrntal Trrrs and Shruba, Hmeyi-ucklcs, .f-r. ,Sp1en.
did varieties of t)n<ible Yellow Harrison and oiher Koses,
of Tree Pctonies, of Herbaceous I'teouies, and oilier flower-
ing plants— of Double Dahlias, &o. Uhulmrb of first rale
newest kinds, Cockspur Thonis, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will -be. promptly
attended lo ; and Trees when so ordereil, will be securely
packed in mails and moss for safe Iransporlation to all dis-
iant places, by land or sea, and delivcreil in the city free ol
chiirc-c for trnnsporlmg by the wa^:;: v.liic.:. i, ..cu, .'..iln.!
daily. WILLIM KENRICK.

Nonanlum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Ocl. 6, 1341,
Ocl. 6 epiDec. I

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

Gr.at imprnveini Ills have l.ein made the pan nar in the
form anil workinankliip of ibe>e Phniuhi. ; the mould biard
has been so f..rincd us to lai/ the lurroie rovi/ilelely onrr,
turninff m ecrry particle of gratt or iiulMe, andicnriiip the
/ground 111 Ihe br.il potsible manner. The leiigtli of ihe
mould board has In n very murh increnstd, ,o that the
Plough works wiih the greatest ease, both wiih re«pect lo
the holding anil ihe team. The Coininillee al the laic Irnil
of Pbiugbs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the PIf.uebt
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhnpK se) ro
the inquirer, il your land is inoviiy light ami ejsy to woik,
try Prouty & Moars, but if your land i« Atury, luirj orrucky,

BEGIN WITH Ma. HoWABD'S.''

Al the above me-.tioned trial ihe Uoward Pkugh </id
more irork. vdh Ihe same pawer of learn, than any oilier
plough exhibited. No other turned more Ihan twenty«r.-en
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. drauibt, while Ihe
Howard I'lnugh turned lieentmine and one half inches. Ii>
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howards
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has lieen quiie au improvement made on the shoe,
or land siile o( :liis Plough, which can he renewed witlinut
having lo furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise scciiies
the mould Iward and lundsidu together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The jiricc of the Ploughs is from So to Sl5. A Plnoi-h,
sufficient for breaking up with fonr cattle, will cost aboiu
«:o CO, and with culler 81, with wheel and cutter, »2 r>0
extra.

The above Ploughs are fiir sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Sl.uc,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, bv

JiJSEPH liRECK & C(».

APPLE; PARF.RS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural Ware
honse. No 61 and 52 North Market Street, a good supply of
Stanley's Superior .ipple Parers, a very useful article. With
one of these machines a bushel of apples may bo fared in
a very short time in the best povsihle manner, and with great
saving of ihe apple, as the outsides may be taken offal any
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N, P, H
WILLIS', No 45 Nonh Market Street, SCUDDER, COR-
DIS &. CO., and HOSMER& TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

GRKEN'a PATKNT STRAW CUTTER.

EDSFUKD T. IIASTI.VGS A CO.
Pure Sperm l»il.

No- 101 Stale St, keep con.-lnntly for sale. Winter, Spring-
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which Ihey
warrant lo be of the beet qnaltly and to burn wiibuui
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.

Boston, Jan. I, 1S4I. isly

SVN DIALS.

Just received a f^w of Shddon & Mote's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article forllie purpose of giving the lime
of dnv in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4- CO., No SI and 52 North Market Si.

Sept I.

GRUiDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindslcr.c*
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBAUU
" CO. 13 Lewibs Wharf. isly. Nov. 17.

li'KTANCi Liaiu:.

armers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly lo their advantage lo try the St. George Go's,
L'Etaug Lime, said lo be superior fur that purpose lo anv
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over ihe Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston,
Sept. S, 3m

JOSEPH ITREr,,, m . , , .,,1 Agricul-

tural Warehouse auJ Sct-d St, .re .\.jt. 01 ainl.J .North Mar.
ket Street, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay and
Stalk Culler, operating on a niechanic&l principle not before
applied loasy iiMplemenl for this purpose. The most prom-
inent effects of this applicaliou, and horac of the consequent
peeuliariues of the inacbiue are:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum o( power requisite
10 use il, that the strength of a half grown boy is suthcieui
to work it etficienlly,

2, With even this moderate power, ileasily culstwo bush
els a minute, which is full twice as last as has beeu claimed
by any other machine even w^hen worked by horse or steam
power,

3, The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening Jess often than those of any other
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and put
together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable as the
complicated machines in gentral use lu get out uf order.

DRAFT ANU TRAC£ CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Curoivnila,
400 pair Trace (jhaiiis, suitable for Ploughing.
2IJ0 •' Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains, For sale by J, BRECK & CO.^
.\o. 52 North Market st, AprilZI

TVR UP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromaiida, 500 Chains for tj9-.
ing lip Cattle,

These chains, introduced by E, H. Derby, Esq. o( Salem,
and Col Jachces, for the purpose of securing callle to the
stall, are Ibund tv be the safest and most convenient mode
ol fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale iiy J. BRECK & (JO,, No. 52 North Market at.

LAOI'UMBTERS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural VVare-
ouse. No, 51 and 62, North .Market M., a fc* sets of Lac-
ainelers.lur testing the quality ol milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

1-28

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

OCT. 20, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS

THE LITTLE FACTORY GIRL.

The following sketch is from on English paper. It ha? no
original in this country, l>ul is doubtless true to the life, as
descriptive of the sufferings of some employed in the mills
o< Great Britain.— Atu) Hampshire Patriot.
'T was on a winter's morning,
The weather wet and wi'd,
Three hours hefore the dawning,

The lather roused his rbilJ ;
Her daily morsel bringing,

The darksome room he paced,
.And cried, " The bell is ringing,
My hapless darling, haste I"

" Father, I'm up, but weary,
1 scarce can reach llic door.

And long the way and dreary —
0 carry me once more !

To help us we've no mother,
And you hare no employ ;

They killed my little brother-
Like him I'll work and die!"

Her wasted form seemed nothing ;

The load was at his heart;
The sulferer be kept soothing,

Till at the mill they pan.
The overlooker met her

As to her frame she crept.
And with his throne he heat her,

And curs't her as she wept.

Alas ! what hours of horror,

Made up her latest day,
In toil, anil pain and sorrow,

Th>y slowly passed away.
It seemed as she grew weaker.

The threads they ofleu broke.
The rapid wheels ran quicker,

And heavier fell the stroke.

The sun had long descended,

But night brought no repose :
Her day began and ended

As cruel tyrants chose.
Ai length a little neighbor

Her halfpenny she paid.
To take her lost hour's labor.

While by her frame she laid.

Ge.'<f.rai. Pdt.'vam — The Alexandria Index
makes a spiriled defence of "Old Put," ajrainst the
article in a late Knickerbocker. Tlie Index says:
"We take exceptions, hoirever, to the review of
General Putnam's Life, which is the leading article
of the number, and can Bcarcely refrain n smile at
the abortive attempt of the elegant writer to prove
the fire-eater of the old French war and of the
American Revolution, a coward. Romance may
have tinged the deeds of olden time with an illu-
sive coloring, and eXalted General Putnam far above
his contemporaries in the temple of fame ; but we
think .Mr Fellows had better have let the dead of
the Revolution sleep out their glorious sleep, than
to have cast a shadow of doubt upon the bright
page of his country's early history. General Put-
nam was one of the bravest of men. Like Stark
and Knowlfon, ho was better fitted for the sortie
and midnight entriMichment than for the council of
war or the festive hoard. If every man had his
I p. roper place in the memory of his countrymen, how
nu iny kings would bo cobbler.-, and how many phi-
■Wo f„,., ,],„ f II loi»> M'tiPr^ '"""Is I General I'litrmm was a Mnjor

om eSn nrenar n"'?f '''"'r' """^ "^^ eral of the line ; he was. therefore, a sh.nin.

Zr M hi? 7 """^^ "nprove.nent in mark for the junior- when his old lion heart was

object of iaTir^' """""^ "'"^^•' "'^ '-•■i-ld ' •"'• "'" "- •■"-''-■• -rh-t he was „„
11 An.l il.io :. .1,- . Bunke r IJill in the thickest of tiie fight, the Court-

tion s ou be treS 'T,!:'':' r """" '''''"'^ '"' i'T'" '^^'"'""'' '''''^■'' --'"-«ly.
uirectca. J-.ducati.,n. to operate lie it >v a.? that drove the brave, though unfortunate

At last, the engine ceasing,

The captive homeward rushed ;
.She thought her strength increasing

'T was hope, her spirits flushed.
She left, but olt she tarried.

She fell, and rose no more,
'Till by hercomrads carried.

She reachcl her father's door.

At night with tortured feeling.

He watched his speechless child.
While close beside her kneeling,

She knew him not, nor smiled ;
Again, the factory's ringing,

Her last |)crcep«inn tried.
When from her stmw Iwd springin;,

" 'T la TiMBl" she said— and died.

EDUCATION.

beneficially upon the masses, must lake a more
practical direction than it has hitherto done. To
overload the memory with columns of spelling, or
with the contents of lexicons, is not the way to
make children or men happier or better, let the few
who have leisure and inclination, learn, if they
please and have the power, all languages spoken
under heaven, and reveal any hidden knowledge
contained in Ihein to their fellow-men ; but. for the
many, life, unless they wanted to neglect its duties
— is even too short to muster the treasures of know-
ledge brought to their own doors, in their mother
tongue. The education retjuired for the people is
that which will give them the full command of ev-
ery faculty both of mind and body; — which will
call into play their powers of observation and re-
flection:— which will make thinking and reasoning
beings of the mere creatures of impulse, prejudice
and passion ; — that which, in a moral sense, will
give them objects of pursuit, and habits of con-
duct, favorable to their own happiness and that of
the community of which they will form a part ; which
by multiplying the amount of rational and intellect-
ual enjoyment will diminish the temptations of vice
and sensuality; — which, in the social relations of
life, and as connected with objects of legislation,
will teach them the identity of the individual with
the general interest; — that which, in the physical
science — especially with those of chemistry and
mechanics will niake them masters of the secrets
of nature and give them powers which tend to
elevate the moderns to a rank higher than that of
the demigods of antiquity. All that, and more,
should be embraced in that scheme of education
which would be worthy of statesmen to give, and
of a great nation to receive; and the time is near
at hand when the attainment of an object thus
comprehensive in its character, and leading to re-
sults, the practical benefits of which it is almost
impossible for even the imagination to exaggerate,
will not be considered Utopian." — h'eslminister Re.
view, June, 1840.

Callendcr back to the lines, with his sword point
ing at his breast, when the captain of artillerv
sought a hollow in the hill to reduce his cartridgef
to the size of his gun. Putnam, as we said before
was a Major General of the American army. Hie
commission was given to him after the battle ol
Bunker Hill. N\here were Dearborn and Stark
and Heath and Wilkinson then ? Why did thev
let a coward wear the laurels of the brave, anc
lord it over them, when an appeal to the facts woulc
have stripped the craven, and driven him from the
ranks a scorned and unhiily thing? Putnam had
liis Humphrey and his Waldo, and Harrison his
Dawson and his Gushing. How far the biogra-
phers of early and modern times wandered from
the truth 111 their pages, we will not soy ; but we
aver if I'lilnain was wanting in courage, the battle
of Biiiiker Hill was the work of cowards, and Gene-
ral Wa.^^hington was the first to honor the craven
who fired the morning gun of the Revolution al
the Glasgow man-of-war. The post of danger al
the battle of Bunker Hill was not at the redoubt,
as some supposed, but was upon Charlestown neck,
raked ns it was by the grape and cunnistcr of two
vessels of thirtytwo guns each. Across this neck,
in his visits to the doubtful Ward, General Putnam.
galloped, amid

" The iron bail
And the ihunderiii^s of war."

Across this neck he led the backward militia-
and to convince them that the crossing was passa.
ble, he passed and repassed several times, amid
the thickest of the fight. i

(Jeiicral Putnam a roii'a;-;/.' Gracious God ! If'
his acts were cowardly, let us have an army ol 1
such cowards, and our country will be secured for. i
ever from the spoiler's arm and the traitor's insidi
ous blow."

JPniSiCK'S.NlRSKRIES AND G.IROKNS.

" - The New (Catalogues are now ready for dii
tribution i>Tal!ii to all who i\p\>]y. post paiit. pel
mail. They comprise an immense assortmen*
of Fruits and Ornamental Trees, Shrubbery
. and Plants, Bulbous Flower Roots, and Dahlias
,n House Plants. Garden Seeds, &.C., all of which an
now al much reduced prices.
■ Ord.-rs, per mnil. to WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will r».

^ ciivf |irnmiilnllenlion. 41eow Sept. 8

. UltlAUSTO.VES, OK FRICTIOK ROLLERS
I Cnndstones of dilierent sizes hung on friction rollers aad
I mov.-d with a fool treadcr, is found in be a great iinpro»o-
: meni on the present mode of hanging grindstones. Tha
; e;iso with which they move upon the rollers, renders Ibea
VI ry easy lo turn with the foot, by which the labor of ont
man is saved, nnd the person in the act of grinding, cam
! govern the stone more to his mmd by having the cofiiplela
control of his work. Stones hung in Ihis manner are !«.
] coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give unive^
I 5;il sutisfaclion. The rollers can be attached to stones Lua
ill the commnn way.

for sale i.y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 nnd M
N.irlli Market Boston. Jul- ^^

! PESCK rH.\INS.

Just rcrcived from England, I O.OOn feet Chains siiiiohW

. c .. _ purposes. For sale by J. BRECK *

April 21

for Fences or oth

CO., No. ()2 North Miukei st.

NEW F, N G L A N I) FARMER.

A WEKKI.V PAPKR.

The Rditnrinl department nf this pnpor having con
into the hands of the subscriber, lin is now aiitiii>rize<l
liy iliu publishers to inlbrni the public that the price < I
Ihe paper is reduced. In future iliii terms will \w $!
per year in advance, or ;f2 .'iO if not paid within ihirlr
(■"y- ALLEN I'UTNA.M. '

N. U. — I'DSliiiiistors nro nipiired by law to Irank «il
soliscrlptiuDS and remittances for ncwspopem. wiili.>iil
expense to siib^icribors.

TUTTI.F. A^D nr-.^.N-ETT. Pkl.NTERS.

AND HORTICULTURAL R K G I S T E R .

PaULISUEO

BT

JOSEPH

BRECK

4c

CO.

NO.

S3 NOUTH

MARKET

STREET

(AOBICDLTVRAL

Waibhovii.)-

-ALLEN PUTNAM,

EDITOR.

OL.

XX.J

BOSTON

WRDNKSDAY

KVKiNING,

OCTORKR

27

1641.

[MO.

17

N. E. FARMER.

F.\RM.YARD M.\NURE.
Of all fertilizers, tlio most universal nnJ most
luatilo to the cultivator, and yet Ilic most jeiier-
ly miimaiiageii, is farm-yard manure, which has
>en often well described as the farmer's sheet an-
lor. From this fertilizer, man must have derived
me benefits, even before he was compelled, by

0 increase of population, to cultivate and manure
land. It is the earliest mentioned of all ma-

ircs ; although at tirst the only notice we meet
th of dun<T and ilunghills, describes them as ein-
3yed in Palestine for fuel ; and, to this day, in
i barren deserts of the East, that of the camel,
[cr being dried in the sun, is the only combusti-
5 article the natives possess. This manure is
ticed by the earliest agricultural writers. M. P.
ito tells us, in his fourth chapter, to "Study to
ve a large dunghill ; keep your compost careful-
; when you carry it out, scatter it and pulverize
; carry it out in the autumn. Lay dung round
3 roota of your olives in autumn." And In his
th chapter, " Divide your manure; carry half of
the field where you sow your provender; and
there are olive trees, put some dung to their
tta." And in chapter 37, he advises the use of
X«ons' dung for gardens, meadows, and corn land,
well as amurcit, which is the dregs of oil ; and
:omnicnds the farmer to preserve carefully the
ng of all descriptions of animals. These direc-
ins were given one hundred and fifty years B. C. ;
ler a lapse of two thousand years, the direction
ithe farmer must still be the same ; little can be
ded to the advice of Cato, when he said, " Study
Ibave a large dunghill." Virgil is still more par-
ular: in his description of fertilizers, he nien-
ns with common manure, ashes, (Georg. 1. i. v.
I ) Pumice-slone and shells, (I. ii. v. 34G-.yO, and
>4)53.) Varro (c. ;}8, 1. i.) mentions many kinds
animal manure, and is particularly minute in
enumeration of the dung of birds, and includes
m that of blackbirds and thrushes kept in avia-
Colutnella (I. ii. c. 5) advises the cultivator
to carry out to the field more dung than the la-
ers can cover with the soil the same day, as the
losure to the sun does it considerable injury;

1 he enumerates (I. ii. c. 15,) as well known fer-
'crs, night-soil, the e.xcrements of birds and
ep, urine, (especially for apple trees and vines,)
gs of oil, the excrements of cattle, the as?, the
it, of pigs ; ashes, chopped stalks of the lupine,
hop,) leaves of trees, brambles, &.C., and mud
n sewers or ditches.

Of the early inhabitants of Britain, Pliny tells
(b. 17, c. G, 7, 6,) that they highly valued the
of marl for particular soils, but on other lands
1 never employed it. We are told that they
w corn, and lived in houses thatched with straw,
ch would necessarily require an attention to
ilizers. They had also, according to Strabo,
ography, p. 300,) gardens, which could not have
a cultivated, neither could their apple orchards
e flourished without manure. Tlie Roman in-

vasion taught the original inhabitants bettor modes
of using fertilizing materials; but their Saxon suc-
cessors, in all probability, knew less of agriculture
than the natives. War and fighting was Ihcir pro-
fession; they held the husb.'iiidman in much con-
tempt. The confusion attenilant upon liritish,
Saxon, and Danish inroads, still farther retarded
in England the progress of agriculture, which nev-
er prospers in a poor, disturbed country. The very
laws made in those days for its eucouragemenl,
show to what a low ebb the art of cultivating the
land was then reduced. Thus it was provided,
that if any one laid dung upon a field, the law al-
lowed him, if the owner of it consented, to use it
for one year; and if the quantity of manure con-
veyed was inconsiderable quantities, so as to ren-
der it necessary to employ a cart, he was then en-
titled to use the land for three years; and if any
person, with the consent of the owner of the soil,
folded his cattle on it for the space of a year, he
was then entitled to cultivate it for four years for
his own benefit. All these laws were evidently
for the purpose of encouraging the better manuring
of the land ; but the necessity of such an indure-
ment betrays the poverty of the farmers of those
days, and the insufficiency of their live stock. In
the middle ages little was done fur agriculture.
The monks, after the introduction of Christianity,
were the most learned and skillful in the best
modes of applying manures. They early excelled
in their gardens. The population of England in
those days, however, was too limited to require the
cultivation of inferior soils.

In 1570, Conradus Herebashius, a learned Ger-
man, published his four books of Husbandry, which
were translated by Googe ; he mentions the seve-
ral descriptions of manure employed in his time.
His book is a strange mixture of good sense and
superstition. He speaks of the dung of poultry
and pigeons with much approbation; but repro-
bates the use of that of geese and ducks. Human
fa!ces, he says, when mixed with rubbish, is good ;
but by itself, is too hot. Urine he commends high-
ly for apple trees and vines. Of the dung of ani-
mals, he mentions that of the ass as first in order
for fertilizing effects ; then that of sheep, goats,
oxen, horses ; lastly, s» ine, " very hurtfull to come,
but used in some places for gardens." Green ma-
nure was used in his days. " Where they have no
store of cattle, they used to rnend their ground
with straw, fern, and the stalks of lupines, and the
branches luid together in some ditch. Hereunto
you may cast ashes, the filth of sinks and privies,
^•c." And again he says, "The weeds growing
about willow trees and fern, &c., you may gather
and lay under your sheep." He speaks of the prac-
tice of placing turfs and heath, clods in heaps
with dung ; much in the same way as Lord Mead-
owbank has advised with peat. He also advises
the placing of the same turf parings in sheep folds.
" This is also to be noted," says our author, " that
the doung that hath lyen a yeere is best for corne,
for it both is of sufficient strength and breedeth
less weedes ; but, upon meadowe and pasture you
must laye the newest, because it brings most

grasso, in Februarie, the moonc incrcasinf^, for
that is the best time to cause increase of grasso."
When, however, the manure is applied fur corn
lands, " looke that the windc be westcrlcy, and
the moonu in the wane."

The manure coiiimonly furnished by the form-
yard is compomidod of a mixture of animal and
vegclttblo substances, of the putrefying straw of
various descriptions of grain, mixed with Uie fa?ce»
iind urine of cattle, horses i-.nd swine. The mix-
turu forms no new substance, neither docs the pu-
trefaction which ensues add to Itie bulk of the
dung; oil the contrary, it causes a considerable
loss of weighL

There have been many arguments and much
difference of opinion among cultivators, with i-e-
gard to the advantages of employing dung in a
fresh or in a putrid state; and, as is too often the
case, both parlies have run into extremes, the one
side contending for the prop.ietyof employing it
fresh from the farm yard, the other contending that
It c.nniiot well be loo rotten. 'I he mode employed
by Mr Coke is the medium between these errone-
ous practices ; ho found that the employment of
the fresh dung certainly made the dung go much
farther; but then n multitude of the seeds of va-
rious weeds were carried on to the land along with
the compost. lie has, therefore, since used his
manure when only in a half putrefie' state, called
short dung by farmers ; and hence the seeds are
destroyed by the eficcts of the pu: refaction, and
the dung still extends much farther than if suffer-
ed to remain until quite putrefied.

Putrefaction cannot go on without the presence
of moisture ; where water is entirely absent there
can be no putrefaction ; and hence, many fanners
have adopted the practice of pumping the drainage
of their farm-yards over their dutig heaps; others
invariably place theui in low damp situations.
Tins liquid portion cannot be too highly valued by
the cultivator. The soil where a dunghill has
laid in a field is always distinguished by a rank
luxuriance in the • succeeding crop, even if the
earth beneath, to the depth of six inches, is re-
moved and spread with the dunghill.

The controversy, too, winch once so keenly ex-
isted, us 10 the state of fermentation in which dung
should be used on the land, has now pretty well
subsided. I here is no doubt but that it cannot be
applied more advantageously than in as fresh a
state as possible, consistent n ith the attainment of
a tolerably clean husbandry, and the destruction
ofthe seeds of weeds, grubs, &c., which are al-
ways more or less present in farm-yard dung. —
These are the only evils to be apprehended from
the desirable employment of this manure in the
freshe.st stale ; for otherwise the loss of its most
valuable constituents commences as soon as ever
fermeTitalion begins. This was long since demon-
strated by Davy, whose experiments jjl have often
seen repeated and varied. He says, "1 filled a
large retort, capable of containing three pints of
water, with some hot fermenting manure, consist-
ing principally of the litter and dung of cattle: I
adapted a small receiver to the retort, and connect-

130

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

OCT. 97. 1441

ed itic whole with a mercurial pneumatic appara-
tus, CO as to collect the condeiisible and elastic
fluids which might arise from the dung. The re-
ceiver sonn becNine lined wjih <lcw, and drojis
began, in a few hoiirg, to trickle down the sides of
It. Elastic fluid likewise was generated; in
three days thirtyfive cubical inches had been form-
ed, which, when analyzed, were found to contain
twentyone cubical inches of carbonic acid; the re-
mainder was hydrocarbonate, mixed with snnie
azote, probably no more than existed in the com-
mon air in the receiver. The f]uid muter collect-
ed in the receiver at the same time, amounted to
nearly half an ounce. It had a saline taste, and a
disagreeable smell, and contained some acetate
and carbonate of ammonia. Kjnding such products
given off ftoii fermenting litter, I introduced the
beak of another retort, (illed with similar d'ln^
very hot at the time, in the soil, amonpst the roots
of some grass in the border of a garden: in loss
than a week a very distinct effect was produced
on the grass : upon the spot exposed to the influ-
ence of the matter disengaged in fermentation, it
grew witli much more lu.\uriance than tlie grass in
any other part of the garden."

Nothing, indeed, appears at first siglitso simple,
as the manufacture and collection of farm-yard
dung; and yet there are endless sources of error
into which the cultivator is sure to fall, if he is not
ever vigilant in their management The late Mr
Francis Blakie, in his valuable little tract upon the
management of farm-yard manure, dwells upon
several of these: he particularly condemns the
practice "of keeping the dung, arising from diffe-
rent description ; flf animals, in separate hoape or
departments, an J.applying them to the land with-
out intermixture. It is customary," he adds, "to
keep the fattening neat cattle in yards by them-
selves ; and the manure thus produced is of good
quality, because the excrement of such cattle is
richer than that of lean ones. Fattening cattle are
fed with oil-cake, corn, Swedish turnips, or some
other rich food, and the refuse and waste of such
food, thrown about the yard, increases the value of
the manure; it also attracts the pigs to the yard.
These rout the straw and dung about, in search of
grains of corn, bits of Swedish tnrnips, and other
food, by which means the manure in the yard be-
comes more intimately ini.\ed, and is proportionate-
ly increased in value. The feeding trnuglis arKl
cribs in the yard should, for obvious reasons, be
shifted frequently."

" The horse dung," continues IJlakie, " is usually
thrown out at the stable doors, and there accumu-
lates in large heaps. It is sometimes spread a lit-
tle about, but more generally not at all, unless
where necessary for the convenience of ingress
and egress, or perhaps to allow the water to drain
away from the stable door. Horse dung lying in
such heaps, very soon ferments, and heats to an
excess ; the centre of the heap is charred or burn-
ed to a dry while substance, provincially termed
fn-fanged. Dung in this state, loses from .50 to
7.'> per cent, of its value. The diligent and atten-
tive former will guard against such profligate waste
of property, by never allowing the dung to accumu-
late in any considerable quantity at the stable doors.
The dung from the feeding hog styes should also
be carted and spread about the store cattle yard, in
the same manner as the horse dung." — Johnson on
Manures.

FORM OF THK BARN-YARD.

With regard to the form of dung-yards, there is
some little difference of opinion. " Some theo-
rists," says lilakie, " recommend the yards to be
made so concave, as almost to amount to a well-
shape, giving as a reason in support of their opin-
ion, that the virtues of dung can only be preserved
by being saturated in urine, or some other mois-
ture. Others, again, assert, that diing-yards should
be formed convex, and assign as their reason that
farm-yard dung should be kept dry. Practical ex-
perience points out that a medium between these
two extremes is the best; and a yard a little hol-
lowed is the most common shape." — Johnson on
Manures.

propose in two weeks, tind surely the labor and
time could not be better appropriated. So make
your arrangements forthwith and go to work witb%
out further delay. — jJmerican Farmer.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Exhibition of Fruils, Satnrdny, Oct. l&h, 1841.

From W'm. Kenrick ; Elsinburgh and Norton's
Virginia Seedling Grapes.

From George Walsh ; St. Michael Pears: Red
Qhasselas, Sweetwater, and Miller's Burgundy
Grapes. Also, Pigeon and Native Grapes — the
latter improved by cultivation.

From Hovcy &. Co. ; Catawba and Pimd's Seed-
ling Grapes.

From Mr Lovctt, Beverly ; fine specimens of
the Winter Nellis, Prince's St. Germain, Bezy d'
Lamotte, Passe Colmar, Pound, Easter Beurre, and
Duchess d' Angouleme Pears — the latter very
large, one weighing IG 1-2 ounces. Also, a very
handsome Pear brought by Mr Lovett from Italy —
the name unknown ; and specimens of a beautiful
looking apple, also without name.
For the Committee,

P. B. HOVEY, Jr.

SEA SAND.
In Europe, the happiest results have been expe
rienced by the applicatiim of sea sand to cold tena-
cious clays. Independently of the mechanical ef-
fect, produced by the disintegration of the parti'
clcs of clay, all sands from sea and salt-rive"
shores, are churgeil with large quantities of salini
and oily matters, which exert a highly bencficia j
influence in the improvement and melioration o
the soil. We mention this fact, because we art
awart' that on the margin of our seaboard and sail
river .Slates, there are thousands and tens of thoi
sands of acres of cold livery clay lands greatly a
hausted from improper cultivation, and we a
firmly o( the opinion, that by draining these lanj
wherever they may require it, and admixing witj
them from .00 to 100 loads of this sand to the acrw
that a very solid improvement both in the teztur*
and productive capacity of the soil will be thereb.^
produced — Ibiil.

oil

COW YARDS.

Finish al once, if possible, whatever you begin,

As there is nothing like taking time by the fore-
lock, we will again remind our readers of the pro-
priety of having as much mould and leaves hauled
from their woods into their cow yards, as will form
a bed at least a foot deep. These materials, as
reason will suggest, should be so spread, as that
the edges should be higher than the centre, in or-
der that, by giving to the yards a basin-like form,
none of the liquid manure may be washed away
and lost. The stale which is made by twenty
head of cattle, from the period of commencing
foddering in the fall, until the time of carting out
manure in the spring, would be sufficient to con-
vert a hundred loads of the materials spoken of in-
to ofl'ective food of plants, which would be a good
dressing for at least twei,ly acres of corn land. If
then we arc correct in our opinion, and we believe
wo are, surely the labor of gathering and transpor-
tation should not be considered in the light of an
insuperable objection to its performance, as every
twenty loads of manure thus produced, would add
at least ')0 per cent, to the productive power of the
soil, and consequently so much more to the income
of the farni'-r. Without manuring, the most fer-
tile lands, by conlinuou;? cropping, will lose their
fruitful ncss, and defy the labor of the husbandman ;
it should, therefore, be the study of all to increase
their iiiuiiure (liles by all practicable means, and
we need not add, that this is one of the cheapest
plans by which the end can be attained, as well as
being accessible to every one. An enterprising
farmer could with a yoke of oxen, a cart, and one
hand, have his cowyard bedded in the way we

SAGACITY OF HORSES.

A writer in the Knickerbocker tells the follom
ing anecdotes, in illustration of the sagacity of tin
horse :

"Of a two-horse team, belonging to the Earl c

, near Oxford, one was very vicious, the othc

quite the reverse. In the stall next to the gonti '
horse stood one that was blind. In the murnini I
when the hor-scs, about twenty of them, were turc
ed out to pasture, this good tempered creature cod
stnntly took his blind friend under his protectioi-
Wlien he strayed from his companions, his kin
protector would run neighing after, and sme
round him, and when recognized, would walk sic
by side, until the blind friend was led to the grai
in the field. This horse was so exceedingly gei
tie that he had incurred the character of being
coward, when only himself was concerned ; but
any of them made an attack upon his blind I'rieni'
he would fly to the rescue with such fury that ni
a horse in the field could stand against him. Thi
singular instance of sagacity, I had almost said (
disinterested humanity, may well put the whol
fraternity of horse-jockeys to the blush. They, I
be sure, will fight for a brother jockey, whether h
is right or wrong ; yet they e.xpect him to figt
for them on the first similar occasion: but tbi
kind-hearted animal could anticipate no such K
ciprocity.

" Some years ago, the servant of Thomas Wall
er, of Manchester, Eng., going to water the cm
riage horses at a stone trough which stood at o>
end of the Exchange, a dog that was accustome
to lie in the stall with one of llieni, followed tk
horses as usual. On the way, he was attacked b
a large mastiff, and was in danger of being kill*
The dog's favorite horse, seeing the critical sitn
tion of his friend, suddenly broke loose from Ik
servant, ran to the spot where the dogs were fighl
ing, and wiih a violent kick, throw tlie mastilT froi
the other dog into a cooper's cellar <'])positc ; ani
having thus rescued his friendly companion, return
ed with hiin to drink at the fountain.

"God, speaking to Job, asks him, "Hast tho
given the horse strength ? llast thou clothed hi

VOL. XX. Xl>. IT.

AND 110 R T I C U L T V, R A L K K G I S T E R .

131

»eck wilh tliundor ? Ho mockeih nt four, aiul is
)0t artViglitcd ; ncillior tunioth lio back from tlic
iword." Shortly fcfter that mighty battle which
jloseJ the career of Uonaparto and stayed his
irholo^iile murders, at the disbaiidiiijj of a part of
Jie ISritish army, tlio reinnins of u troop of luirse,
)oloiijjing to tlio Scotch Uroys, were brought to
ho hammer. Tlic Captain beinj; rich and & man
)f feeling, was lotli to seo these noble fellows turn-
d into butcher, baker, or beor-houso drags, after
lelpiiig to drive tlio French from Spain, and to
urn the llauk of the Inrinciblts nt Waterloo. He
hercfore bought the whole lot, and set them loose
D one of his fine grass parks, to wear away their
Id age in peace. One warm suinmer evening,
»hon it was just dork enough to render lightning
isible, a vivid tUsh was instantly followed by a
oud report of thunder. At this moment the hor-
les were grazing leisurely, and apart from one
nother, but seeing the blaze, and hearing the re-
ort, they thought a battle had begun. In n mi-
ute they were in the centre of the field, all drawn
p in line, their beautiful ears quivering with anxi-
ty, like the leaf of the poplar trembling in the
reeze, listening for the word of the rider to lead
hem to the charge ! My informant, who was un
ye witness of this wonderful scene, told me he had
flen seen these horses. Many of them bore hon-
orable scars on their faces, necks, and shoulders,
at none on the rump. A Scotch grey never " turns
jl."

" Some few years ago, a baker in London pur-
Ihased on old horse at public sale. lie placed on
ia side a pair of panniers, or large baskets, sus-
ended by a strong leathern strap across the back,
here he himself sat, while his feet rested on a
lock of wood attached to the side. Thus accou-
-ed, he sallied forth to supply his customers with
lot rolls, etc. One day he happened to be pass-
ng the gate of Hyde-park at the moment the
nunpet was sounding for the regiment of Life-
iiards to fall in. No sooner had the sound as-
iled the animal's ears, than he dashed like light-
ing through the Park, with the baker on his back,
to the midst of the squadron! The poor man,
mfoundcd at being placed in military line in
't)iitrank of the Life-guards, began to whip, kick,
pur and swear ; but all to no purpose. His old
harger was so aroused at the sound of the trum-
let, that to move him from his station was impos-
ble. The soldiers were exceedingly amused at
ne grotesque appearance of the baker and the de-
lortment of his steed, and were expressing their
irprise at the apparition, when an old comrade
ecognized the animal, and info.'med the corps that
ne horse once belonged to the regiment, but had
een sold on account of some infirmity, a few
ears before. Several of the officers kindly groet-
id their old companion ; and the colonel, delighted
t the circumstance, gave the signal to advance in
ne ; when the baker, finding alt resistance use-
;s3, calmly resigned himself to his situation. The
•umpet then sounded the charge, and the rider was
istantly carried, between his two panniers, with
he rapidity of the wind, to a great distance. Va-
lous evolutions were then performed, in which the
nimal displayed sundry equestrian feats. At
mgth the sound of retreat was proclaimed, when
ffweot the sagacious creature with his rider,
tfter having performed his duty in the field, he
raa content to resign himself to the guidance of
he bridle in a more humble walk of life."

)''r<)in (Itc Fiirincr'« Cuhiitel,

CORN-STALK SUtMR.
Letter addressed to I)r J. \V. Thompson, Prfsi-
dent of the New Castle County (Del.) Agnoullurul
Society :

" Having ben rcquestoil to fMrni.'ih sonic account
of the process for monufufturing sugar from curii,
I cheerfully comply in giving nil the infnrmntion
on the subject so for as I am at present acquainted
with it. Scarcely one year hne passed since the
first idea was suggested in relation to this peculiar
plan for iiinking sugar ; and tliero has not been
sufficient time for those exact experiments neces-
sary to satisfy the careful calculator. In one case
I obtained from a small piece of ground, at the rate
of 100 pounds of sugar per acre, but other experi-
ments made since, have conclusively shown, that
had a different iiiodc of planting been adopted, the
product would have been increased tenfold. The
manner of raising the corn and making the sugar is
as follows :

The corn is planted in rows 2 1-9 feet apart, and
the stalks are left to stand in the row 3 inches one
from another ; it is then cultivated in the usual
manner. Sometime in August, or as soon as the
stalk shows a disposition to form grain, the ears
must be taken off; this operation must be carefully
attended to, as upon it entirely depcritis success.
After this there is nothing more to do until the
crop is ready to betaken up, which will generally
happen in September : the stalks are then cut up
at the root, stripped of their leaves, and taken to
the mill, where the juice is pressed out between
iron rollers, in the same way usually employed
with the sugar cane. Lime water about the con-
sistency of thin cream, is then mixed with the juice,
one spoonful to the gallon ; it is left to settle one
hour, and then poured into boilers, which are cov-
ered until the liquid approaches nearly to the boil-
ing point, when the scum must be taken off. It ia
then boiled down as rapidly as possible, taking off
the scum as it rises. As the juice approaches the
state of syrup, it is necessary to slacken the fire
to avoid burning. The boiling is generally com-
pleted when six quarts are reduced to one : it is
then poured into coolers or moulds and set aside
to chrystalize. When this process is gone through,
the sugar is to be separated from the molasses;
Bnd the whole operation is finished. The process
here detailed gives the quality of sugar you see in
the samples. If required, it can be afterwards re-
fined as other sugar. The use of animal charcoal
and the employment of steam in tho process of
evaporation, as is common in the manufacture of
beet sugar, would, I am confident, produce white
sugar at one operation.

From what is known on the subject, I fully be-
lieve that an acre of good ground treated as above
described, will yield at least 1000 pounds of sugar
— probably more. The value of the fodder taken
from the stalks, and of the stalks themselves after
passing through the mill, will he more than an
equivalent for the whole expense of cultivation and
keeping the ground up. The fodder produced in
this way is much superior to that usually made,
from its containing a greater quantity of saccha-
rine matter. And the whole business of making
sugar from corn contrasts so favorably with the
manufacture from beets, that I cannot but think it
will obtain the preference wherever the climate
will bring the former plant to perfection. Some

of the dilVorciici'H luny be onuiinTnlcil ns follows:
Ist, the corn iHrlenii mid ngrcenblu to work with,
while the bed ia not. 3d, the machinery for ex-
tracting the juice fniin beds i* not only nioro
costly, but is more liabli- to get nut of repair. TM,
the beet juice coiitniiis a iiiiicli greater proportion
of foreign and injurious matter, decomposition
coiiimences almost immediately after it in presird
out, und if allowed to go im to any extent, will en-
tirely defeat the making of sugar. <ltli, the propor-
tion of succlinnne matter coiilaiiicd in e(|ual quan-
tities of corn and beet juice, in as '.i to I in favor
of the former — therefore the soine difTerenco will
be found in the amount of fuul m-cessary in evapo-
ration. i)(h, beet sugar, when oblained, is inferior
in (|uality and lo.ses a larger per cent, in refining,
(jth.corn is a niitive of our country, perfectly suited
to the climate, a true American, and is in fact, the
finest plant in the world. The author of" Arator,"
(Col. Taylor, of Virginia,) used to call it our" meal,
meat and manure." We now add sugar to the
list of its valuable productions.
Respectfully yours,

WM. WEI!B.

Upon this conimunicjtioii Mr I'edder, the edi-
tor of the Farmer's Cabinet remarks —

"lain free to confess that I have never seen
beet sugar prepiircd by first procrss at all C(|ual
to the samples of corn-stalk sugar forwarded by
Dr Thomson, while the molasses, which by the bye,
contains more than ."iO per cent, of sugar, is far su-
perior to that made from the beet by any process :
indeed I have never knonn beet molasses pure
enough for any pur|)iise but distillotTon or the feed-
ing of stock, fur which hist, however, it is of very
great importance. Air Webb has the merit of de-
ciding the question, " Can good sugar be made
from the corn stalk ?" Whether it can be made to
profit, is a second considerstion, which he will have
it in his power to determine. The simple mode of
operation which he detaih, would do but little in
the fabrication of sugar from tho beet; for tvhile
there is not the least dtfiiculty in the process by
well-appointed machinery, it is readily admitted
that a considerable portion of art is requisite in the
numerous stages of the fabrication of beet sugar,
to free it from the impnrilies found in the root.
With improved apparatus and experience in the
present art of refining, there is no question that
loaf-sugar might be made by first process from the
corn stalk.

Mr Webb's modest and unreserved account of
the mode of manufacture will be read with very
great interest, for if the corn^grower can be direct-
ed to a new channel for the consumption of half
his crop, in the fabrication of an article of such le-
gitimate usefulness, I he gain to the community
will be of incalculable importance."

Jlf^ricuUural Pun. — .\ fanner in the neighbor-
hood of Doncaster, was lately met by his landlord,
who accosted him thus : "John, I intend to raise
your rent:" to which John replied, "Sir, I ivould
be very uuch obliged to you for the kindness, for
I cannot \u'«e it myself." — Eng. pap-

Large Crops. — .\ Wisconsin paper remarks that
the extensive scale upon which farming is carried
on in the West, will astonish the Eastern folks. —
It s'ays one farmer in the vicinity of Michigac city,
raised twenty thousand huahds of wheal the preseut
season.

Ii2

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

OCT. ar, 1841.

l.KTTKR FROM SOLON ROBINSON, Esq.
Xnrth Stonin^lon, Ct., Oct. llth, 1841.
To llie Eililnr of ihc Nuw Eiiijlaiiil Farmer :

Dkab Sik — At my late visit with you, I promi^i-
oi! un article for your paper. On a visit to a rela-
tive hero, ill looking over a lot of my letters, I
found one addressed to a youn^ lady, which al-
thoujjh written in that familiar style common be-
tiv»en friends, yet I find it contains several tliinjrs
as to the mode »nd manner of moving into and sel-
llin" a new country, that may he as interesting' as
any new thin:; that I could now write. The letter
nlinded to i.i dated " I^iiku C. II., la., S"pt. 2bth,
1K;}9" — and read.- thus :

"My Dear Cousin — I had indeed began to think
that my former letter w.-is so long that you had
concluded to bo satisfied, but I find that ne«s from
the far West is still in demand. If I could see
yi.u, I would spread out before you a picture of a
Western prairie. I will, however, give you a
rough sketch.

In the fall of 18:11, I lived in the town of .Madis-
on, in this vState (Indiana,) 7.") miles below Cincin-
nati, on the Ohio river, and about 230 miles south-
westerly from this place, which is near the head
of Lake Michigan, and between 30 and 40 miles
from Chicago, a very flouri.-ihing town in Illinois.

My health was at that time very feeble, to reme-
dy which I proposed to my wife to move to the
North. In two weeks afterwards, which was about
the first of October, we were on the road. We
then had two children, which with the driver of
our wagon, loaded with light articles, provisions,
and a tent, formed our load.

Each night we sought a good "camp ground,"
near a spring or stream, and then pitched our tent
near a log heap fiie, and after enjoying a hearty
supper, spread o';r beds upon some straw or leaves,
and enjoyed that sweet and balmy sleep that can
only be enjnyed under like circumstances. Thu8
we journeyed slowly on during pleasant weatlicr,
and at length on the last day of October, amid the
golden effulgence of an autumn sun, sinking be-
neath the broad expanse of tlie Grand Prairie, we
pitched our tent for the last lime upon a beautiful
spot of blue grass, where late had stood the humble
'wigwam of the original owners of the soil, which
we had come to change from savage wilderness to
cultivated fields. Here, " I.'j miles from neighbors,"
wc commenced the winter of 1834-5. Our house
was soon formed of round poles and clay, the roof,
floors, and doors being made of boards split upon
tlie spot out of oak logs, the whole habitation be-
ing a very hiiriiblc log cabin, only 18 feet square.
On the ca^t lay a beautiful rolling prairie, several
miles across to other timber. On the west a grove
of oak »nd hickory timber, interspersed around our
cabin with plum, crab apple and wild cherry trees.
By the side of these groves, which vary in size
from a few acres to many thousands, the first ecl-
tlers always commence their improvements, ex-
tending the farm into the prairie. I presume you
have a no/i'oji of the appearance of the prairie, but
you cannot have a correct one. You can have no
idea of the emotions on first beholding one. Tliey
are, and so is all this "great West," what ^ou
would call level ; yet it is lar from level. Prairies
are as often rolling as woodland — with the same
diversity of soil ; with springs, ponds, streams and
mill sites, sometimes to be found miles away from
timber. Some parts are dry, hilly, sand, gravel or
clay soil, free from stones, except n few scattering
bouldera of granite ; and others are marshes —

some but little wet, and others quite a morass.
Upon the dry land grows a short harsh grass, about
a foot high, with an immense variety of flowers
and other courser plants, some of which are medi-
cinal. Upon the marshes grows a rank grass, the
best of which makes excellent food fur cattle in
winter; but by far the greatest quantity makes
food for the annual fires that sweep the country.
The burning of these marshes when dry, will meet
the thousand and one de.scription-' that have been
given with more of poetry than truth, of the " awful
grandeur of a burning prairie. But grats upon
the common dry prairie, makes but a slight blaze,
not in the least dangerous to the traveller.

The groves are generally very open and free
from underhush, except near the edges, where ha-
zle, crab apple and plum trees often abound. Hut
these, particularly the habile, are often destroyed
by the annual fires.

Upon the prairie there is nothing in the way of
the plow, any more than in a smooth pasture, ex-
cept that the sward is much more tough. The
soil is black, deep and rich. The spot where I
have settled, is as pretty a one, in a state of na-
ture, as can often be found. High rolling land
upon the ridge that divides. the waters of the Mis-
sissippi from those of the St, Lawrence, while
stretching away to the eastward lies the prairie,
over which the traveller is seen as he approaches
5 or () miles off. To the west lies the " big grove,"
as a guard against the prevailing winds. In all
places good water can he obtained by digging
from 10 to (iO feet through the understrata of yel-
lowish clay into fine beach sand. Wo have good
water and good health, and although we live in a
house built of logs piled up one above another, it
is warni and comfortably finished, containing some
C or 8 rooms, cheap and plainly furnished, yet con-
taining all that is really necessary to make life
comfortahle.

But " 15 miles from neighbors," raethinks I hear
you say, " how could you live ?" Ah, my dear
cousin, never more comfortable, contented or hap-
py. I had provided workmen to come with me
about 40 miles, when I first came on, ond we soon
had up our " first house," which you would have
called a /ii(< rather. But this, when stored with
ourselves and an ample stock of winter provisions,
with a huge pile of hickory wood at the door, with
my own health restored, left me nothing to com-
plain of

For three months my wife never saw a white
woman, though we had many men to sec us, hunt-
ing out locations upon which tosetlle in the spring.
Then the nearest postollice was 40 miles off. Now
we have a mail in or out every day in the week,
and no scarcity of neighbors. In fact we never
have had, except during the first winter. For the
first opening of spring brought emigrants as sure
as it brings the geese and ducks. But although
we had no white neighbors, we had no lack of red
ones. But these you might not fancy, as their
dres.s was not iiuite in ttie fashion. It consisted,
both for men and women, of a blanket over the
shoulders, a greasy calico shirt, buckskin of cloth
leggins, moccasons, and a kind of petticoat, and
with faces ornamented with patches of red, black,
or white paint. Half a dozen of these, men, ivo-
men and children, would often walk in on a friendly
visit. At first, the blood sank back to Maria's
heart, and the children would creep up to us for
protection ; but they soon learned to know their
friends — for no class of our acquaintance were ev-

er more devotedly our friends than were all o
these "wild Indians." From the first, I deter i
mined that in all my dealings with them I woull
deal honestly, and I soon found that they kne'
how to appreciate it.

Never did an Indian go from my cabin hungn
Liquor I gave them none ; and they soon learne
that drunkenness was offensive to us, and ver
considerately avoided troubling our house durin
any of their drunken frolics.

I am eony to lie obliged to say, that as a bodj
I found them better men in every sense, than som
of the civilized ones who have succeeded them.

Allow me to relate one little anecdote to illuS'
trate their character and the natural kind feeling;
of a savage lienrt On the morning of the da-
that Charles was born, an fndian and squaiv cami
to the house, and as is further illustrative of thei
character, saw, without asking, the state of thingi
and went away. Early next morning brought a'
least a dozen squaws, old and young, from thi
grandmother of a hundred years apparently, down
ward. Their first inquiry was for " my squaw an*
the new pappoosc." And on being assured tha>
all wa.s well, they manifested much joy and ai
anxiety to see them both. I soon gained the con
sent of the mother to receive a visit from such kind
hearted friends, who had walked six miles througl
the snow to inquire after her welfare. But befolt
entering her room, the old squaw bade them al
pull olT their wet mocassins, and then tread lightH
and speak little.

After the usual salutations to Maria, just fanci
them all seated in a circle flat upon the floor, witS
the child passing from the oldest to the youngestl
and all caressing it as carefully and fondly
though it was their own.

Such manifestations of kind feeling from " savft*
gcs," arc worth more in the store-house of mj
memory, than a few paltry dollars would be, tha
were obtained by a course of conduct that wouk
have produced a very difl'erent feeling. Hut, driv
en before the giant strides of civilization, the plac<
that once knew them, now knows them no more
and the poor creatures are driven fast towards tin
last resting place that they are destined to fine
upon this continent, far away beyond the " big riv-
er."

No doubt that you fully believe in the judgmeni
of heaven sooner or later overtaking nations at
well as individuals, for national sins. What a ter- '
riblo day of retribution is then in store for this na-
tion, for their sins towards t'e poor Indian.

Sept. 21U/i. 1 was broken off here last evening
to devote a little attention to a party of young la-
dies assembled at my liouse. And what a iuhjeot
for reflection. Five years ago there was not t
while woman in this country : not a road, fence,
house or mark of civilization. In coming liere we
followed an Indian trail. Even tho Indians had
no fixed habitation. Their houses consisted of ■
few poles stuck in the ground in a circle about 13
feet across, tho upper ends brought together and
tied, and then covered round with a kind of mat
made of flags, leaving a hole at the lop for the e««
capo of smoke from a small fire in the centre dl
this rude habitation.

.Around this lire, the whole family of men, wo-
men, children, dogs, and all the furniture find room.

When not engaged in hunting, the men are like
the idlers in civilized society, ollen engaged in
gambling away their whole stock in trade.

The squaws not being troubled with many house-

vol.. XX. MO. «7.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T n R A L R E G I S T K R

133

liold iliKicn, 9|>oml tlioirtiine in a very lisl!t»8 man-
ner. I bi'liofo llioy nro gunerslly sirluous, oxccpl
iht virluo of ncatiiosD.

riut I will leuve llio Indian to his wijwam, and
foil in your more comfortable home, to reflect how
iro ill the West live nml prow and iinprovo in the
:ivili/.od comforts of life, which from the spocimen.t
' have here tjiven, 1 expect yon will soy may yet
>e l"iirlher improved, before you will be willing to
)arlako of such things as are enjoyed by
Yours, most afl'ertionatelv,

SOLON ROBINSON.

For (he N. E. Farmer.

MUCK,

I Good .Ihsorhtnt of the If'asle from the Tnn-yard.
Mr EniTOR — Knowing it to be a satisfaction to
ou to learn of any benefits resulting from your la-
ors, I herewith sciiJ you the results of some ex-
criments which I have been induced to make by
ic cry of "Muck I Muck 1" which your predeccs-
or and yourself have sent through the community
I the columns of your most valuable paper.

In the first place, sir, I am a farmer, and like
lany others, thought little of enriching my farm
om my tan-yard, or at least to that extent that I
m now able to do, 'till, as I before said, I was in-
uced to try some experiments in muck.

I caused to be dug out directly below my tan
ouse and where my limes, drenches and water
Its were drawn, a hole sufficiently large to hold
ly thirty to forty cartloads. This I filled with
uck or peat, letting it remain say eight or ten
eeks, in which time it became well saturated with
me, and had accumulated a good portion of ani-
al matter from the hides: 1 then cleaned it out,
verhaulcd it, and mixed it well together, letting
remain from fall to spring; I then mixed it in
qual parts with stable manure, and used it in
anting corn, potatoes and squashes, and the re-
lit was a larger crop of corn than had been raised
I my neighborhood for many years, ■being little
uort of one hundred bushels of shelled corn to the
en. I have also used it with equal success in
ip-dressing for grass. Therefore you see that
rthe small sum paid yearly for your paper, I have
sen able to make from one hundred and fifty to
fO hundred loads of the first quality of manure
reryyear, and at a very small expense. But, sir,
lis is only one of many benefits I have derived
om your most valuable publication. You will
erefore receive the grateful thanks of

A LIFE SUBSCRIBER.
Od. 17, 1841.

face (for from such hoiI;! tlio ainiiiuiiin incupi'ii up-
I ward Iriun tlio increaseil power of the nun, and not
I downward) may he iniido highly fertile with the
aid of an iiicrci'ibly siniill portion of alumina.

Tlioro are many swamps on which the vogota-
blu matter, peat, muck or mud, lies at no great
depth, (somotimos only ten inches,) one foot to
' eighloun inches. At the bottom of these is often
fouml a sharp white gravel, resembling wjiat is |
called sea sand. We do not think il likely that
the quality of this swampsand is always the same;
hut it is our opinion that all of it found along the
coaBt where the swamp does not riso many feet
above the level of" the sea, will be found to be a
species of marl highly valuable as a fructifier of
the soils lying near these swamps and even upon
the surface of the swamps themselves.

A very intelligent gentleman, a subscriber for
the Visitor, of Hamilton, in Essex county, Alass.,
(Mr Antipas Dodge,) called upon us a few days
ago, and remarked that in consequence of advice
made by the Rev. Henry Colman, while visiting
him about five years ago, to make top dressing of
the subsoil sand found at the bottom of swamps on
his premises at no very great distance below the
surface, he had made trial of it. The swamp was
a quagmire wherever there was any depth of soil :
it was ditched and 'drained. The under soil of
grey or white sand, dug from the ditches and the
bottom of the swamp, was spread upon the surface:
on exposure to the atmosphere it slacked like lime.
The first year the land produced well ; and the
second year the crop was still belter ; ho raised
upon the swamp good rye, and, laid down to hay,
it produced great crops of herdsgrass. Mr Dodge
has succeeded well in reclaiming several pieces of
low sunken swamp. — Jar. Monthly Visitor.

VIRTUE OF THE SUBSOIL.
There is much virtue in that material directly
low the upper soil in miny parts of the country :
e are not sure that the subsoil, whether it be hard
in, clay, admixture of clay, gravel or sand, is not
wiys valuable. The idea of its uselessness ur
ant of value is derived from the fact that on its
8t exposure it is cold and lifeless, and until ex-
Med to both a winter and a summer atmosphere,
ill not beneficially operate upon the soil. Expe-
ence proves to us thst after exposure, the hardest
in gravel will become fruitful — clayey sand upon
luvion ground often becomes fertile ; and even
le sand gravel of the lightest soils which arc er-
meously supposed to be so open as to leach down
le virtue that is near or may be put upon the sur-

IIORSES AND OXEN FOR TEAMS.

I have observed that in many places horses have
taken the place of oxen, and are used for the pur-
poses of fanning — introduced, I suppose, under tfie
impression that they are better adapted to the ser-
vice, and more profitable to the owner. I am not
about to contradict the truth of this supposition, or
prove that a man cannot plow and harrow as fast
and as well with horses as with oxen, but shall
merely mention a few of the comparative merits
and demerits of these animals, that may determine
which is most useful and profitable.

The horse, when put to service, must have ar-
rived at his full strength nnd value, consequently
there is no gain on the capital invested, besides
what arises from service, and as he is good for
nothing at the end of service, there will be a dis-
count at last equal to the amount of his cost.

The ox may submit to the yoke when young,
and partly remunerate his owner for cost of keep-
ing while obtaining his growth, when he may be
sold to the butcher, and the money invested in
younger stock ; thus there will be a constant gain
in growth while the services will be sufficient for
the purposes of farming. The horse, if kept on
hay alone, must have his masticating powers in al-
most perpetual motion. The ox reserves some of
his lime for rumination ; — hence there may be a
difference in the cost of keeping. The cost of
equipping a horse for the rcgulor farm service is
greater than that of an nx, and more time is re-
quired to put on and off these equipments. In
shoeing, the difference of cost is in favor of the
ox, as also it is in the quality of the manure they

innko. The ox has an intrinsic value arising frum
the good <iualilie« of his flesh nnd skin, the one
being good for food, the other for leather — where-
as very lilllu can he made out of a dond horse.

For some kinds of farm service the liorso is pro-
fcrnblc to the ox, such as light plowing ond har-
rowing, but for carting, hauling stones, nnd other
heavy work ho is not so good. He is bolter adnpl-
ed to the road service, nnd is useful fur milling,
marketing, and miitcnin/; ; he also may bo used in
journeying and visiting. It is convenient, and
perhaps profilablo to keep both these useful ani-
mals, as well us cows, sheep, and other stock ; but
when the number of horses greatly exceed those
of oxen or even cows, it is time to begin to count
the cost, which may he done by opening account
current with each animal, keeping debt and credit,
or what you give or receive from each. — Elaine
Farmer.

TILLING THE EARTH.

In tilling the earth, soma people go upon the
same principle that regulates their business inter-
course with men. They must be sure to get the
advantage of the trade ; and if this cannot be se-
cured without, they must cheat and deceive the
person with whom they deal. And they think to
practice the same artifice upon old mother Earth.
You will see them on their grounds in the spring,
as sly as dogs, apparently calculating that Earth
has forgotten the exhausting crops that were taken
from her the last year — perhaps they will give a
sprinkling of manure, and throw it on so as to make
the Earth think there is a noble lot of it. Well,
they go to work. But the Eartli wont be cheated.
She will reward every man according to his works,
and till the truth in the autumn. You cannot get
the advantage of her as you can with human cus-
tomers. Treat her well, and she will reward your
expenditure and toil ; but attempt to cheat her, and
she will make you sorry for it when harvest comes.
— Maine Cult.

HYDATED IN SHEEP.
This disease by some is called " water in the
head," but it has been shown that instead of water
in the head, it is produced by a parasitic animal
called the Ai/rfoferf; it is found in the brain of the
animal. The sheep thus affected, leans its head
to one side, staggers, mopes by itself, shows o-rent
symptoms of distress, and finally dies. If situated
at the surface of the brain, the part affected feels
soft, and should be reached with a sharp instrument,
an awl or a gimblet. If deep seated, the scull may
be trepanned. A small portion of the scull may be
taken out, or cut so as to be raised up. Tlie hy-
daled may then be extracted by pincers; the blood
absorbed by a sponge or linen cloth. Then the
piece ol skull should be replaced, and dressed with
tar put upon a piece of leather, to keep the piece
firm in its place, and prevent the rain from pene-
trating the head — Canadian Farmer.

[In the name of all that is merciful, we would
inquire if there is no other remedy known for this

disease in the sheep, than that above mentioned.

Sooner than subject an animal to jurA a surgical
operation as the one above proposed, we would
prefer to deprive it of life at once. — ..inon.]

Wear your learning, like your watch, in a pri-
vate pocket. Avoid display. Merit will show itself.

134

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

OCT.S7, iSii.

A.M> UORTICULTCRAL REOISTEK.

BosTOK, VVedhesdat, Octobek 27, 1841.

ROOT HARVEST.

The cold wealhor of the last two or three weeks has
hurried on iho hnrveming of most aulumnol crops, and
perhaps wo are late in our notice nf this subject.

Those who cultivate the bi-el, should endeavor to
gather it before the cold is severe, for if once frozen
this root is injured; though it is not ruined by slight!
nippings of frost. It is good husbandry on the dairy
farm, to bring in the root crops gradually, and feed out
the tops to milch rows. No other food for them that
the season affords, will produce a greater Oow of milk ;
and the bpct lenf imparls no unpleasant taste to ihu
products of the dairy. Hut the quantity nf dirt on the
leares, pariicularly ifgalherod when wet, is often greater
than it is good for cows lo consume, and will frequently
ahowr itself at the bottom of the milk pitcher. This
fact, viz: that when cows feed freely upon root top.",
(bmcdirt will work its way through the railk veins, and
be found in the milk, has not been often, if ever, alluded
lo by agricultural writers, and yet we have often noticed
it — noticed it not in the taste or color, but as a sediment
at the bottom of the milk pilcher. The usual way of
harvesting is to pull the beets, strike two together lo
beat ofl' the dirt, throw into the carl, take them to the
proper place for topping, take off the top with a knife,
and then put ihem into the cellar. But Mr W'illard, of
Cambridge, has made use of n small inslniment — call it
a hoe — one side is sharp — ihe other has two proags.
With the sharp side the top is cut off while the root is
in the ground, and then the instrument is turned over
and Ihe two prongs are used to pull the root out of its bed
This ia spoken of highly in harvesting the ruta baga,
and would do nearly as well for the beet.

Carrots are as susceptible to injury from frost aa tho
beet, but growing generally entirely below the surface
of tho soil, they may esciipo injury when the beet would
Bufi°er harm from the cold. The tops of these are very
good for cows. If Ihe soil in which these roots grow is
hard, it is well when digging, lo run the plow along by
the side of each row and then pull out the roots; but if
the soil is mellow, more dispatch can be made to t»ko
the spado and bring the back to the work.

Whether the ruta baga is injured by some freezing,
is not a settled point. We should choose to stow it
away in winter quarlers before Jack's leelh were sluck
into it Hut I'uuli l.athrop, Etiq., of South Hadlev, in-
formed us last winter, that it is his custom lo dig and
top this root, nnd lot it lie sraltered upon the ground on
which it grew for ten or twelve days " If thoy freeze,"
he said " it docs not hurt them, and after this exposure
lliere is no danger of iheir heating in the cellar." The
leaves of this, are taken greedily by cows, but when
thny feed upon Ihem the flavor of the milk is atTocted.
This unpleasant flavor may be removed, mostly if nol
entirely, by pouring into each bucket of milk while it ia
yet warm from tho cow, a pint of boiling water.

Tho English or flat turnip, may be left in the field
until the last. This bears thn frost well. Its tops give
as much unpleasant flavor lo milk as those of the ruta
baga.

Every thing of the turnip or cabbage kind should be
denied a place in the house-ceWuT. Their odor is loo
strong for storngo there. But lot them bo kept in the
barn collar or in beds in Ihe field. If there bo room for
them under the barn, that ii the tnoal convenisnt place

ofdeposiie. Bui they will probably keep sounder and
belter in iho open field.

Ca|it Cliiindler, superintendent of the House of In-
dustry, South Boston, who has had much experience
in various methods of keeping roots, prefers to put them
in beds; iind he recommends that a spot of gently slop-
ing ground should be selected ; that trenches should be
dug up and down the slope, four feet wide and G or 8
inches deep. Then fill the trench with roots, carrying
Ihe pile up roofahaped 3 or 4 feet high. Over them
thus plactrd, put sea-weed, salt hay, any old refuse hay,
oak leaves, or any ihing of the kind. Let this covering
be a foot thick. Upon this put two inches of earth ; let
the bed remain in ihis stale until winter comes in earn-
est, and then make Ihe coaling of earth nearly a foot
thick, and the roots are well secured. Here they will
keep well until April. When any are wanted in win-
ter, open one end of the bed, take out a few days' sup-
ply, and close up the opening.

It is well for every farmer to know how many bushels
of roots he has ; for this knowledge will let him know
how many bushels per day ho can feed out, without dan-
ger of coming short in the spring.

CATTLE SHOWS.

We i>vve an apology — or rather an explanalion — lo ou
subscribers and friends in several counties, for not n.
ticing th»ir cattle shows. About ihe time of their tak
iiig place, we were too unwell to perform labors whii
would liave been pleasant in our days of heolih. W
are as much dispossd to record ihe doings of the hut
bandmcn in Middlcsoi, Berkshire, Bristol and Ply
moulh, as in any other counties, and would have don
it ere now, but tur the circumstance above named.

The accounts have been givi:u in ihe local papers, an
we probably can furnish nothing new to any reader i
relation to the shows. Tbey appear to have been we
attended, and have doubtless dune as much as in precec
ing years to promote the objects for which they wer
instituted.

PATENT OFFICE.
Hon. Henry L. Ellsworth, who is at the head of the
Patent Office, whom we had the pleasure of seeing for
a short time on Saturday last, reminded us that a hall
273 feet long, fiO feet wide, and 30 feet high, is now in
readiness for the reception of models and specimens of
all manufactured articles. He desires all persons who
can, to help in replacing the loss occasioned a few years
since in the destruction of the Patent Office by fire. He
will be glad to receive from manufacturers a sample of
iheir work. An arrangement is made requiring our
consuls in all foreign countries to collect seeds of every
kind, which our national ships bring here to Mr Ells-
worth, and he through members of Congress, sends them
lo all parts of the hnd. We have few men in the coun-
try so efficient in aiding tho advancement of agriculture,
as the accomplished genlleman at the head of the Patent
OfEce.

AIR SPRINGS.

Where will be tho end of mechanical inventions and
improvemenis ? Who will believe that a roilroad car is
already constructed and proved, which rests upon air
springs? Mr Ellsworth informs us, that just bel'nrc
leaving Washington, he signed a patent fur a man who
proposed to construct springs for cars such that passim-
gers should be able to read and write without any in-
convenience. " Of whot do you make your springs —
Iron?" "No." '-Of wood.'" "No." " What then .'"
"Mr." "How.'" " Take a strong metalic cylinder,
12 inches long ; set it perpendicular; force into this 13
atmospheres — (ihnt is, by use of ihe forcing air pump,
make iho air in Ihe cylinrler 13 times as dense or as
heavy ne common air;] — on tho top of this put oil, and
then insert a piston which shall fill the cylinder, and
this makes the spring ! " Mr Ellsworth rode in a car
carrying 80 possengers, which is thus constructed, and
it answered fully the expectations and promises of the
patentee.

JYature't Object. — Nature seems to say — " I have ven-
tured sii great a stake ns my success, in no single crea-
ture. I have not yet arrived at my end. The gardener
aims lo produce a fine poach or pear, but my aim it the
heallh of iho whole tree — rool, stem, loaf, flower and
seed — and by no means Iho pampering of a munsiioua
pericarp at the expense of oil the other functions.'— /J. //'.
Emerson.

AlUCK AGAIN.
The article in another column which speaks of th^
value of muck as an absrirbent of tanners' waste, i
another evidence of the worth of this article. Our fail
in its value is growing stronger. This material bein
so abundani, and well distributed through tho lard, i
within the reach of almost every farmer ; and lo ihii.
more than in limes pasi, attention must be given. Lt
il but have exposure enough to fro.<is and ihe atnio*
phere, to destroy ihe acidity which it contains whe
taken (rom ils bed, and it becomes a very considerabl
fcriiliztr; but it will generally be found more valuabi'
in compost than as an article to be applied by itself

THE ELECTION OF STATt; OFFICERS.

The time is near at hand, farmers of MassachusetlH
when the people are to make choice of those who shat
sit in the executive chairs, and in the halls of legislation
in li;4-. Among the farmer's duties, is that of going t
the polls and expressing his preferences. Thai nobi
gencraiion which achieved our independence, bequeatbt
cd lo the people of this day — to farmers as well as to otI«
en — Iho Inest and best political institutions which ma
ever enjoyed. They bequeathed them as a legaiy I
be transmilteil lo those who shall come after us. An
can that citizen discharge his duty to our revoliiu uar
sires and to the coming generation, who vtill r..>i s
much as help to choose lo whoso keeping these trei
aures sliall be curumiiied .' Can the man who will n(
exercise the elective franchise, be true to his counit
and lo patriotism ? If it is heller for freedom, pm-peri '
ly and public virtue, that the reins of governmeni slinul
he entrusted to the hands of the wisest and most lioneil
ihan thot they should he held by the less coinpi iini am
less Iruetworlhy, Ihen il becomes your duly — jts, i/o«
duty lo determine in your own mind who is tho wisei
and best, both as a private citizen and as a public agent
and to give him support at the ballot box. Indill.renci
in relation to the principles and practices of our nrlers
will nol exist in the bosom of the good citizen m irui
lover 6f his country and its inslilutinns. Aciicu — no
noisy and boisterous — but quiet and efficient anii.n di»
playing itself in the depositing of a vote in the I1.1II01
box — Ihi^ we like lo see on the part of every respi ciabU
and intelligent citizen, whether ho agree with "r diffei
from us. Whoever from inditfircnce, fails In rl 1 ihil,
is undeserving of the benefiis which our instilulijns con- 1
fer upon him.

A man was born nui for prosperity, but to sufTir for
the benefit of others — like the noble ruck-maple, whioii
all around our villages bleeds fur the service of man.—
/i. It'. Emerson.

•".. »X, XO. 17.

A .\ D HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

\3ry

THKK.MOMK.TKIC.M..

Kr|M>flril lul Ihr Ni-w Kiiilltin.l (.itiuct.
lt.i.'<<o( ilic rhrrmoiiif (rr nl llio (Jarth-iiof tlip proprioiuii
il iiir Nrw tngUnil Fiirnwr, llriiiUlun, Mum. in k •Ii»iIimI
KorilHvly espoMra, week en<lin( Ucl. 34.

Oci. ISHl. I 6, A.M. I 12, M. |6,l'.M

6,l'.M.

W\ai.

44

N.

49

W.

44

N. E.

U

S W.

■111

N. W.

39

K.

4i

S. W.

mUMirON MARKKT— M"«i>»T, Oct. 2.1, 1841.
Kriu.rtril r..nhe .N>«r K^iiiltlnil |.'«riner.

.^l .M.'irkri *J0<) Heel Cattle, 1700 Stores, 6700 Shocp
Hid 075 Swine.

rmcis.— Heef CallU —A snintl advance was effected
ind we quote to correspond. First qti-ility, $o ~o a .')
Ti. Second qunlitv, $4 25 a 5 00. Third quality $3

4,00. \Vc noticed a lot of extra Cattle taken at !J(i, a

v: 1-2.

Barrelling Ca«/«.— Choice lots of Moss Cattle were
alien at $4 25. We quote Mess $4 a 4 25. No. 1, $3 00.
lo. L'.$2,50.

Starts— Tvio year old $8 a 12. 'I'hree year old, $13

21.

Sktep.—V>M\\ and prices low. We notice sales $1,00,
Il 12, $1 25. $1 42, $1 62, $1 36 and $2 25.

fiifine. —Sales quick at a small advance. Lots to ppd-
lle, 3 1-4 for sows, and 4 1-4 for barrows. At retail,
1 10 5 1-2.

WHOLES.4LE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected iciih great care, weeklij.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, $3 73 per bushel Red Top, 50
_, 65 cents. Clover — Northern, 13c. — Southern, 10 c.
lax Sred, »1 37 to I 50 hu. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb. Ca
ary Seed, not a bushel in the market.
FLOOR. There has been a good demand for Genesee
hroughout the week, and prices have gradually improved.
Phe sales of Genesee reach 500O bhls. closing at SC 37 for
ommoD brands, and »6 44 a 6 60 for fancy : Ohio and Mich-
ran (625. For Southern there is hut little inquiry. Sales
100 bbls. Baltimore City Mills, 3G 44, 4 mos. ; 250 do.
Jeorgetovrn, 86 so 4 mos. ; 230 do. Fredericksburg, S6 BO,
mos. ; 200 do Howard street, 36 50, 4 mos., for shipping.
Imple supplies are momentarily expected.
FLOUR.— Baltimore Howard Street S6 50 to C 62— Gen-
esee, common, S6 37— Ohio t6 25 to 6 37— Indian Meal
'3 60.

GRAIN.— Corn— Northern, bushel 74 to7B— Round Yel-
mw 73— Southern Flat Yellow 72— White do 69. — Rye
fJorthem 7i to 80— Oats— Southern 48 to 50 — Northern
i2taa4.
PROVISIONS. There was a heavy drift of Beef Cattle
t market this week, and barrellers are selling new packed
less at «9 ; Navy Mess, S3 a 3 1-4 ; No. 1, S7 a 7 1 2 per
irl.; prime, 85 1-4 a 3 1-2 do. : Polk is dull, and some fur-
her parcels Lard have been taken at quotations.

Bed— Mess, 4 mo. Mil. nominal — do Navy— 89 00—
No. 1 «7 00a7 50— Pork— Extra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8l3al4
— <lo Clear 812 30 a 13 00— do Mess SlOa II 00— do.
Prime 83 60 a 9 OO-do Mess from other States SIO a II Ou—
do Prime do do 83 00 a 9 00— Clear do do *I2 60 a 13 00
— Butter, shipping Cc. a 12c —do store, uninspected 10 a
14— do dairy 15 a 18— Lard, No 1, Boston ins. 7 a 8— do
Southern and Western, 6 a 7— Hams. Boston, 7 1 S a 8 1-2
-do Soulliern and Western, 5 a 7— Ch-.'ese, Shipping and
meal, 4 a 6— do new milk, 5 a 7'

HAY, per ton, 813 to 20- Eastern Screwed 817 to 13.
CHEESE -Old 4 to 6 c.--Ncw S to.7.
EGGS, 14 a 16.

WOOL— There has been a fair demand forall dtsrriptions,
nd sa'es to scone extent have been made at prices corres-
pondiagwith ihe raiije of o»r quotations The slock of pul-
ed wool is con^iiderably diminished, while ihat o( fleece has
ither increased, but the supply of either description is not
I large.

Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 49 a 50 c. --Amer-
ican full blood, do 43 a 4.i— Do 3 4 do 40 a 42— Do. 1-2 do
■3^8 40— 1-4 and c-immnn do 33 a 36— Spanish sheep, RF
«nd S— a — Smyrna Sheep, washed, 20 a 27 — Do. un-
washed, 10 a 14 — Bengasi do 8 a lO—Saxony, clean,— a —
Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 i 10— do do picked,— a — Sn-
perGne .Northern pulled lamb 42 a 43— No. 1 do. do. do. 37
I 40— No. 2 do do do 20 a 30- No. 3 do do do 13 a 20.

Briohtob, riT.AH Co»To:«,

."fitiutcJ on the line of the Batlon and Worcaler Hail

fiotift,- & milrtJVom the city.

^riM|^ The I'rnprictori of this extensive nurirry bei(

^^^BB^ leave to inlnnn iheir friends and the public, IhnI

^pRHp I hey arc ready to furnish orders to any atiinunl,

I for Forest Trees, indigrnuuus and exotic.
.^BBte Fruit Trees, including all the vorielies of
Pears. Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &.C.
Vines— Shrubs, Green House Plants, i.Vc.
Catalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery.
Trees carefully packed, to ensura safely m long voyag\"s.
Orders left at the New England Seed Store of J. BaBCK &
Co. Nos. 61 and 62, North Market street, will be delivered
the day following.
Letiers containing orders, addressed to the aubscribers,

J. & F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseries, Oct. 27, 1841.

CARIBRIOOBPORT DVRSERY.

SAMUEL POND has for sale, at his Nub-
SBUV, Columbia street. Cambridgcport, Mass.
a choice assortment of Fruit Tree*, Shrubt,
Roots and Vines. Amoiic them are the best
varieties of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach
A|iricol, Grape Vines, Asparagus Rhubarb, Pear Stocks,
Apple do.. Plum do.; Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries,
&c- Sic. Trees of an extra size always on hand.

All orders left at the Nursery, or at JOSEPH BRECK
& l^O.'S Boston, will be tilled the succeeding day, carefully
packed, to go with safely ta any part of the country.
Oel. 27 Cw

PRVIT AND ORNAMENTAL. TRBBS, Ac.

KSERV OF WILLIAM KESRICK. NONHSTI/M HILL,

Of Peach and Ptar Trees, of Plum and

Cherry Trees a collection unrivalled in any

former year for extensive numbers of fine trers,

of those most highly productive, and valuable,

of new and finest kinds.

Go')sebcrries of first quality. Apples, Quinces, Nectarines,

Apricots, Orape Vines, Raspberries, Currauts, Strawber.

ries, &.C. 8cc.

The new abridged and desoriptive Catalogue for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will be sent to all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, d^-c. .Splen-
did varieties of Double Yellow Harrison and other Roses,
of Tree Paeonies, of Herbaceous I'aeouies, and other flower-
ing plants— of Double Dahlias, &c. Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur Thorns. &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to; and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in matts and moss for safe transportation to all dis-
tant places, I y land or sea, and ilclivered in the city free of
charge for transporting by the wagon which is sent thither
daily, or orders may be left at the Stand at No. 44 Congress
St, Boston,

WILLIAM KENRICK.
Nonanlum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. 6, 1341.

cplDl Oct. 27

TRANSPLANTING.

The autumn is prefered to the spring by
many nursery men and orchardists, for traiis-
lanling hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
lums. The present is a less busy season than
the Spring, and those who intend to purchase
trees can probably get a better article and obtain it with
more dispatch now than next April. The frosts have
already been sufficient to destroy the foliage, and the opera-
tion of transplanting may be done with safely.

We can supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plunj, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs at Nursery
prices, and pack to send with safety to any part of the Coun-
try. All orders faithfully attended to.
Oct. 27. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

BlTl'ATIUN AS QARDENKR WANTED.

An Englishman who has been in this country for two
or three years, and is thoroughly acquainted with liis profes-
sion, wants a situation. He understands forcing, the man-
agament of a greenhouse, and the laying out of grounds.
Any one in want of such a person will find him a valuable
acquisition. Best of references given. It is desirable that
applications should be made quickly. Address F.. N. P.,
Box 94, Post Ofiice. Iw Oct. 20

WAI^KKR'S TVI.IPS.

For sale by the subscribers a fine assortment of Walker's
splendid Tulips from 81 to 3 per doz. Also, Crown Imper-
ials, Narcissus, Hyacinths, &c

Oct 20. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FKANCONIA RASPBERRIES.

For sale a few hundred fine plants of this celebrated Rasp-
berry Inquire at this (ifTue. 3w Oct. 13

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinprovt'ini Ills have been made the past year in the
form and workmanship of these Ploughs ; the mould U ard
has been so formed ax to lay the furrme romptetety ocrr.
tuminf( in every particle nf grain: or iluI'Mr, and ieating Iha
ifrouTut in the best poisibic manner. The length of the
mould board has b< n very much increased, to that the
Plough works with ihe greatest ease, both with respect to
the holding and the team. The Couimitlcc at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" .Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the PInoght
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo
the inquirer, if your land la mostly light and easy 10 woik,
try Prouty & Mcnrs, but if your land is heavy, hird orrocky,
«EoiN WITH Ma. Howard's. ''

Al the above me:;t;oned irial the Howard Plough did
more irork, icilh the same pncer of teajo, than any other
plough exhibited. No oilier turned more than twenlyse.'cn
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while ihe
Howard Plough turned ttcmtyninc and one half inches, to
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howanl'a
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can he renewed without
having to furnish a new landside; this shoe likewise sccuies
Ihe mould board and landside together, and strengthens tlie
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to 816. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost almut
8iO 50, and with cutler 81, with wheel aud cutter, (2 SO
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stmc,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

EDMCND T. HASTINGS * CU.
Pnrc Sperm UU.

No. 101 State St, keep constantly for sale. Winter, SpriiMf
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached ami unbleached ; which they
warrant to he of the best qualtyjind to burn witboat
crusting.

Uil Canisters of various sizes.

Boslcni, Jan. I, 1841. isly

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the lima
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK ♦ CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept 1.

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstores
constantly on hand and for sale by A.MMI C. LOMBAlvU
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. iMy. Nov. IT.

L'ETANG LIMB.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly to their advantage to try the St. George Co's.
L'Elang Liine, said 10 be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For salo by DAVID DAVIS,
over the Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston.

Sept. 6. 3in

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Jusi received hv Packet Coromnnda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO..
No. 52 North Market st. April 21

TY« rP CHAINS.

Just receive.l by Packet Coromanda, 600 Chains for If*-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derdv, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. Jacques, for the purpose of securing cattle to the
stall, are found H be the safest and most convenient inoda
of fastening cows and oxen 10 the slanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 52 North Market H.

LACTOMETERS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural Ware-
house, No. 61 and 62, North Market St., a few sets of Lac-
tomelers,for testing the quality of milk.

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

136

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

OCT. 3T, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS

THE LABOKER.

BT WILLIAM D. CALLAGHEIt.

Stand up— erect! Thou hast ihe form,
And likeness of thy God !— who more 1

A soul !w dauntless 'mid the storm

Of daily life, a heart as warm
And pure, as breast e"cr wore.

What then?— Thou art as true a Mas

As moves the human race among ;
As much a part of the Great Plan
Thai with Creation's dawn hegan,
As any of the throng.

Who is thine enemy?— the high

In station, or in wealth the chief?
The great, who coldly pass ihce by,
With proud step, and averted eye ?
Nay ! nurse not juch belief.

If true unto thyself thou wast,

What were the proud one's scorn to thee '.
A feather, which thou mightest cast
Aside, as idly as the blast

The light leaf from the tree.

No :— uncurbed passions— low desires —

Absence of noble self-respect —
Death, in the breast's consuming fires.
To that high nature which aspires
For ever, till thus checked :

These are thine enemies— thy worst ;

They chain thee to thy lowly lot—
Thy labor and thy life accurst.
Oh, stand erect ! and from them burst !

And longer suffer not !

Thou art thyself thine enemy !

The great !— what -belter they than thou •
As theirs, is not thy will as free?
Has God with equal falrors, tbea

Neglected to endow ?

True, wealth thou hast not : 'tis bol dust !

No place ; uncertain as the wind I
But that thou hast, which, with thy cru5.t
And water, may despise ihc lust

Ofboih— a noble mind.

With this, and passions under ban.
True faith, and holy trust in God,

Thou art Ihe peer of any man.

Look up then— that thy little span
Of life, may be well trod !

A Giant. — The following dpscriptioti of a great
man, we find in the Philadelphia Ledger. Usays:

" Lewis Cornelius, Esq. died in his -17th year, on
Monday last, at his residence at I'Milford, in Pike
county, in the northeastern section of this State.
This gentleman was one of the most remarkable
persons, in respect to size, in the present age, and
13 only excelled by the celebrated Daniel Lambert.
Mr Cornelius was six feet around his body, and
just previously to the illness which terminated in
his death, weighed 720 pounds. He fell ofTin con-
sequence of sickness, and after death weighed but
fi85 lbs. Such was his extraordinary weight, that
an inch rope had to be used for his bedcord. His
wife is a tall, spare woman, and his family consists
of eight children, the yountrest of whom is ton
years of age. His grovn children take after the
father, m respect to height, one of the sons being

six feet and one inch and a half high. Tlie cele-
brated Daniel Lambert, who stands unrivalled in
weight of body, reached, wo believe, 739 pounds,
only HI more than IMr Cornelius, and the renown

HLNTS TO THE WORKING CLASSES.
If a man nt twenty one years of age began
save one dollar a week, and put it at interest eve
year, he would have — at thirty one years of a.'

ofDanielhas placed him among the wonders of I S fi.'')0 ; at 41, $1,850; at 51, $3,(i80; at (
the world. Mr Cornelius was hardly less remarka- $ G, 150 ; at 71, $1 1,500. When we look'at the

bie a ner.^nn. nnfl Rltp/I nnnrUr no rrranf n oitanA :» mima nn/t iirtt.^n ...» «k:_1. L . .t .

ble a person, and filled nearly as great a space in
the world.

The following are the dimensions, taken after
his death :
Circumference of waist,

" body,

" arm, above elbow,

" ' below elbow,

" wrist,

" thigh,

" calf of leg,

" ankle,

G/t. ih
6 2

A FiNF. Woman. — It is very pleasant to observe
how different modern writers and the inspired au-
thor of the book of Proverbs describe a fine woman.
The former confine their praise chiefly to personal
charms and ornamental accomplishments : tlie 'lat-
ter celebrates only the vinues of a valuable mis-
tress of a family— of a useful member of society ;
the one is acquainted with all the fashionable Ian-'
guages of Europe—the other opens her mouth with
wisdom, and is perfectly acquainted wth all the
uses of the needle, the distaff and loom ;— the busi-
ness of the one is pleasure — the pleasure of the
other is business ;— the one is admired abroad—
the other at home. Her cliildrcn rise up and call

sums, and when we think how much temptati.
might be avoided in the very act of saving thei
and how much good a man in humble circumstanc
may do for his family with these sums, we cann
help wondering that there are not more savers
$1 a week. He who saves this sum may n
only pay his own way but help the atHicted, at
subscribe to various benevolent societies. In shoi
he may show mercy to thousands in this world, ar
he may help them on their way to a better.

The above calculation is from an English pape
and the interest is reckoned at about one half t\
rate in this country. If a man here were to sa\
one dollar a week during the time above specific
ho would at seventy one be worth nearly .* 20,00'
provided the interest be computed semi-annually i
6 per cent per ann.

AWFUL CONDITION.

A Scotch paper (the Berwick Advertiser,) tell
a story of a man who was sucked into the strear
and carried over the falls of Niagara— that he wa
drawn into the great whirlpool below, where h
was whirled rapidly round for Ike space of a Jon
niglU, where he was happily kept alive by mean
of biscuits which were thrown him by people stand
■-— on Ihe banks ! A

steam tug was procure'
her blessed, and her husband also'prTiset'h J;^^' K'""" ''''"^'"'"' ''~''°"' "'''^ l'""'*''' to the man-
There is no name in the world equal to this nor is ^''<^"7 'f'^'J of steam put on, when with gre.

There is no name in the world equal to this, nor is
there a note in music half so delightful as the re-
speelful language with which the grateful son or
daughter perpetuates the memory of a sensible and
affectionate mother. — lioslon Chronicle.

Fashion.- Is it sufficient that the clothes we
wear be of the kind best calculated to protect the
person ; to secure bodily health and comfort, and
to exhibit the real elegancies of the human fi'irm ?
No: a thing called fashion, better named folly, is
the grand desideratum. No matter how little" the
dress be calculated to protect the person ; no mat-
ter how inconvenient in its structure, or how much
calculated to injure health ; no matter how absurd
in its appearance, provided it be fashionable, and,
consequently, to introduce a ntio mode is the sum-
mit of human achievements.

IIow much longer will beings, capable of be-
coming rational, by an early direction of their fac-
ulties to pursuits calculated to repay their toil with
real pleasure, be thus tlie dupes of a never-failing
cheat, whose rewards to her devotees are perpetual
renewals of her former promises ? Ihid.

difficulty he was dragged out.— i?ojfon TinUs.

[Those who believe all they read are informei
that the above "remarkabic occurrence" "want
conllnnation'' ! — "P. D."]

Old 1 HEE.— Last week we found on our table
a pear from the ancient " Endicott treo," (in Dun-
vers,) which we behold with due reverence, as a
hit of antiquity not to be slighted in these days of
mushroom things. Respecting this tree the Sa-
lern Register observes: "This venerable and un-
failing tree has again given forth its annual pro-
duct. There duos not appear to bo much diminu-
tion of late years, in the quantity, or deterioration
in the quality of its fruit. By an unbroken tradi-
lion in the family, it is 211 years since it was plant-
ed by the hands of Governor Endicott."— Bo»fon
Times.

il'i'-"'^Tv'* -"^.tRSKRIES AND GARnt:.NS

1 lie ?Vew Catalogues are now ready lor di*
inhulion OT-a/w to all who apply, poul paid, w
niail. 1 hey comprise an immense osMiriinen
"I 'runs an.l Ornanu-nlal Trors. ShniMen
"Id Plants, IJulbous Flott-er Roots, and I>:.!,1„.'
iT.en House Plants, Garden Sieds, &c., all of wl, , : .ir
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, to WJI. R. PKINCE, Flushinir ^■..\\ r.
ceive prompt attention. 4ieow 'srp, g

OltUVDSTO.VBS, OIV PRICTIO.V ROLLERS.

Grindstones of diifercnl sizes hung on friction rollert a«
moved Willi a foot treader, is lound to be a greni iini.r, ve
mciil on the present mode of hanging grinilslomi Thi
ease with which they move upon the rollers, render- ihem
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor ni unt
man is saved, and the person in the act of grindiiii: c.i
govern the stone more to his mind l.y having th« cmnleW
c.ntrol of us work. Stones hung in this manner nr. \.^
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univei"
!.:il salisfuction. The rollers can be allncbed to stones l,un
in ihecomnmn way.

IV sale .,y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. CI and M
North Market Botton. j,,!^ |^

PENCE CHAINS.

Just received fmm Knglaiid, in.ooo feet Chains M,,t,).li
lor Fences or oth.-r purposes. For sale by J. IJKKl K h.
CI)., ISo. t.2 North Market St. jAiiril i

NEW ENOLAiNU

A WEKKLV V\

V A R M E R
I'ER.

The Editorinl department ol Ibis |.nper having cmi
to the bands. if ihfl subsrrii.er, be is now ■ulb'.rize^
by Ihe publishers In inli.rm ibe public that Ibo price i/
Ihi' pnpci IS reduced. In future the terms will b.' M
I'lr year iii attmnce, ..r $2 .■.0 if not paid within ibirlr
''•''>■'• AI.f.EN PUTNAM.

N. li.— Postmasters are required by law to (rnnk all
s.ibscripliona and rcmitinnceg for newspapers, without
expenia to subseribem.

TUTTLl AlfD DINKETT, PKINTERS.

sjism^ m^^'^^^i

ft

^:y

J

AND HORTICULTURAL U E G [ S T K K .

PUBLISHED BY JOSKPH BRKCK & CO., NO. 63 NOttTH MAIUCET STREET, (Ao«lcotTO»*L

Wau«moo««.)-ALLEN PDTNAM, EDITOR.

^kXX.l

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVKMIU'.R 3, 1841.

[JIO. !<(

N. E. FARMER.

For the N. E. Pinner.

Tin: FIRST GUN FROM MUCK-I.\NA!
Doii'l be aUmied at this caption, Mr Editor —
ere 's nothing polilical tn it — not a whit. I am
it about to any a word respeclinfr part;/ triumphs:

I throw politics to the dogs, for all ino. My

DUghts are on the more important triumphs of

tck tliat real creator of real wealth — and vvhicli,

cording to the standard set up by the shrewd
an of St. Patrick's, is " worth more than the
lolc race of politiaians put together" — for, of a
th. It "can make two spears of grass grow where
one grew before."

noticed in your last, sir, a communication over
signature of " \ Life Subscriber," in which the
iter gives an account of a very satisfactory cx-
riment made by him in the use of muck as a ma-
re, after it had undergone a judicious prepara-
n in his tan-yard. — His sagacity in adopting, and
mode of preparing the material, I deem deserv-
of commendation ; but especially would I
ise the disposition which led him to mak'! his
periment publicly known through your columns
the benefit of his brother farmers; and that, in
doing, he teas actuated by this laudable motiv-?,
nfcr from his wiihliolding his name froui publicity.
Now, sir, I must believe that there are many —
iry many others whose names are recorded in
subscription list, who have made experiments
ith muck the past season — and who could give
honorable account of its effects. Now, I want
Bee these come out like " A Life Subscriber,"
id " tell their experience." — What can keep thera
k? Is it a diffidence of their ability to write
sU ? Fudge upon tliis as an objection. — Ton,
nathan Stokes — you can exprcs.s yourself un-
rstandingly enough to Dr. Stubbs, or Parson
fimes, or your neighbor Deacon Spruce, if either
>them inquire of you respecting your management
a crop. Why will you not, then, be convinced
»t the same style of expression will bens cum-
•hensible if done upon paper as if it were direct
m your lips ? It is nut required by the editor
this paper — who is himself a plain farmer, though

I good fortune an educated one, and wlio, by
2 way, is as acctssible to any of his hre'.iron of
! plow, though they may come in their cnv-hide
ots and clad in homespun, ns he is to men of any
ife.ssion, — he docs not require — I know ho does
t — tliat communications upon fanning matters
ended for his columns, should be nicely worded
t!ie studied style of a candidate for academic
nors: by no means. And then, indeed, it is of
consequence however rrroneously you may
II, or how many grammatical errors there be in
ur writing, — these are no objections to it, so
ig as it possess the merit of being iHtelUgil'le —

Now you, Mr Swiitli, and _i/ou, Mr Brown, and
you, Mr Jones, cnii each of you state if you will,
(and I trust after reading thisyuu will kIiow us that
you have both the ability and thn disposition,) your
methods of cultivation ; and though there be not
anything (though most probably there will be some-
thing) now or peculiar in thuiii, still your pubiifhcd
atntementb will be productive of good, for they
will stimulate others to slatfi wherein and where-
fore they arc successful in their cultivation ; and
ilius the chance is — and it is by no means small —
that some new facts will finally bo elicited, which
will be of general usefulness.

Come, farmers — who of you will follow the ex-
ample of" A Life Subscriber,'*and give the second
^im in honor of .UucA-idiia ? or, in other words,
who of you are ready to take up "the grey goose
(luiU" and give ns an account of your success with
your crops the past season — detailing, with as
much regard to exactness as possible, your modes
of management, and, if convenient, the cost nltend-
ing the cultivation of different crops ? Do not
tiiiiiiy respond, "I'll try"." JVous verrona.

Lei tho?e now wriie who never wrote before.
And ihose who've always wroie, now write Uio more.
Old cuujilrlimproved.

I cannot better close this epistle, Mr Editor, than
by rt-eclming, as a seasonable hint, your well-eup-
porlod cry of ''Muck!" Muck, farmers, for the
compost heap, the cuUle-yards and the hog-pen !
Experience is fast demonstrating that this material
possesses in a greater degree the virtues attributed
to that great undiscoveretl | jwer in alchyiny, the
manage to raise a so much larger crop of potatoes philosopher's stono, than ftjiy discovery of modern

. , ■ 1 1. ^_ ^.L _ I .L_ ' . • . 11.1 u ...:.l. I

ly particular or modest in respect to your literary
acquirements, you need not append your namo to
your writing. The omission to do this would proba-
bly constitute no objection to its publication, if,
withal, It bore the inark.^ of (ri(//i.

It is true in agriculture as it is in other sciences,
that one well-ascertained practiced Jnct is worth
more than a thousand unpracticcd theoretical opin-
ions; and it is obvious that nothing will contribute
60 much to the benefit of the art of cultivation, us
the piiblicaticm of the observations made and the
results obtained by practical farmers. It is, indeed,
by the accretion of such facts thus derived, more
than by any other means, that the science of agri-
ricuHurc is to be perfected. There are, doubtless,
many such facts known, but undivulged, either
from selfish or more defencible motives, which if
made public would add something important to
what is already known of the best methods of in-
creasing the earth's products.

Tliese rejections, aside from other considera-
tions, should induce every farmer who would pros-
per himself, and to whom it is a gratification to he
in any way instrumental in promoting the prosperi-
ty of his brethren of tlie common family, to dis-
close such knowledge as has resulted in any bene-
fit to him, that others may profit by it, and be in-
duced from his example, to publish some fact which
lliey may have discovered in their cultivation, and
which, not unlikely, may be new and of advantage
to him.

'J"o come more directly to what I mean to con-
let me ask you, Mr Smith, how it is you

vey-

to the acre than your neighbors, who have the rep-
utation of being as good husbandmen as yourself?
Here you have upwards of three hundred bushels
to the acre, in an unfavorable season, while most of
the fanners in your vicinity think themselves lucky
if they secure about lialf that quantity. State your
management, from the preparation of the ground
to the harvesting of the crop. Do n't persuade
yourself that you canl write out on paper an ac-
count of what you perform with your own hands.
Sit down and make the effort, and imagine the
while that you are addressing your neighbor. Uncle
'Miah, and in the confidence that what you are
saying is wtll enough said.

And you, .Mr Brown, who"ifl»ariably surpass all
your townsmen in your crops of corn — obtaining
(iO and SO bushels to the acre, while your neigh-
bors can seldom get over 40: will you tell us, if
you please, (and no matter in how homely a way,)
the secret of your success with this crop. State
the kind of seed you use — the manure, the quanti-
ty, and mode of applying it — whether you hill
or not, and whether you top or cut up, &.c. We
propose you rather an imperfect outline for your

times. As soon as you are all tlirough with har-
vesting, make a sortie upon Ine muck-bed, to bor-
row a military metaphor: go with your full force,
well equipped, and take it by itorm.

October 20. J. H. D.

CORN OIL.

In the valley of the Wabash, oil for lamps is
now obtained from Indian meal. There corn is
worth 10 cents per bushel, and oil $1 .'iO per gal-
Ion. The corn is ground into meal, which is fer-
mented by the use of barley malt in large masses.
The oil rises to the top, and is taken off with !a-
dlr-a or skimmers. .\fter this fermentation, the
meal is said to make harder and better pork than if
not thus treated.

For the West this is likely to prove a valuable
discovery. But corn is too vnluable here for such
a use. We can get our oil cheaper from the
whale.— Ed.

LOUISIANA CORN,
riie editor of the Louisiana Chronicle has re-
account— fillTn to your liking, and don't be afraid ' cfived some stalks of corn from the plantation of
that you shall be too minute in giving particulars. Mr Bnrgeat, of Point Coupee, which seem to cast
..„--_,- - „ .. And j/OH, Mr Jonea— your monstrous crops of 'the far-f^med Baden com in the shade. Some of

-the editor, or (his very able coadjutor) the " type rula ba^a— 0 or 700 bushels per acre ;— you must : H'C stalks were sixteen feet high, bearing as many

have some peculiar " fr/ioc/fc" of preparing your as eight ears each, and those ranging froin ten to
ground for this root, or in cultivating it. Just stale | fourteen inches in length, well
in what it consists, if you please. ''"'' -"""■•■■'■"""> n-.i ^^.t r«.

cker," I am confident would be pleased to cor
ct any errors which might l)e committed by the
■iter. And then, again, if you are very sensitive-

filled. The land
had been cultivated without manure foroight years.

138

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

KOV. 3, 1*4 1.

THE COW.

Of nil domestic creature? we esteem the cow
the mo3i. val'iahle. The horse will carry our bur-
lifiH, and pull the carl and plow ; iho hog will
gi»e lis flesh lor food, if well fed; but the cow
will furnish us uiilk, butter, cheeaa and n^eat, car-
ry burdens, pull the plow, and almost clothe us.
It is not the least surprising that the peasantry in
many parts of Eiirnpo esteem the cow so highly.
They take her into their friendly cottages, and
give her a warm bed in one corner, while plie is
feeding the family. We hare often wondered
how it could be possible for ihe poorer classes of
that country to live without the faithful cow. In-
deed, we have often asked ourselves if the produce
of the cow is not the most important part of our
living. S.I far as wo are concerned, we would
greatly prefer all the quadruped tribes being anni-
hilated, belore we would give up the cow — the
best friend of the brute race to man.

There is nothing strange in the fact, that the
English have done so much to improve their breeds
of cattle, and that good aniuials bring so high a
price, when we reilect upon their use to families,
and to every individual. We have greater de-
sires to see the co'W still improved in this country,
than any other stock — as sicinlsh 03 we have seem-
ed to be. In improvement of cattle, however, the
people of the United Stoces have done but Utile.
We have imported .some nobie creatures, and some
fair ones have been produced here; but wc ask
where the people are; in this country, that have
studied properly the science of breeding and rear-
ing fine cattle .'

If wc ever rightly appreciate the cow, wc will
understand the secret <S breeding cattle of one
shape for milk, another for beef, and still a third
for oxon. We will learn the milk cow niust have
light fore quarters and brisket, thin neck, delicate
head, soft, silky coat, wide hips, and tliin thighs;
while the best animal for beef, has a short thick
head and neck, heavy quarters, round barrel and
short legs ; but the ox is longer in the limb, body,
and indeed in all his proportions. When breeding
domestic animals is reduced to a science, the dif-
ferent breeds for the milker, beef and ox, will be
discussed with the greatest gravity, and the par-
ticular structure of each will be considered indis-
pensable. Not only so, but the proper manage-
ment of cattle in each stage of their growth will
bo looked upon ns a matter of more importance
than the attention now given to the racer in each
year of its growth. When we esteem the cow as
we should, we will have her winter quarters, in
point of comfort, next to the family dwelling ; and
we will learn that even currying is ut least as ser-
viceable to the cow as the horse. The proof that
wo do not put a proper estimate upon the cow, re-
quires no other argument than the fact, that not
one farmer perhaps in fifty has even a comfortable
slielter or wholesome winter food for cattle. In
Tennessee, we have enough of the improved breeds^
and wo trust a sufficiency of knowledge to com-
mence improvinfr. If we, ns farmers, study our
own cdiiilort and interest, we will produce breeds
of caitio more valuable than any yet in f.vistence,
nnd the prices heretofore given for the best short-
horned Durham, will he no more than a "starting
bid" for them. There is no doubt in the world, a
race of cows may be made which will give a bush-
ci of good milk each per day, and could we imag-
ine an ade(iuate price for an animal of this descrip-
tion ? — J^Tashville (Tettn.) Agriculturist.

SECRET FOR TAMING VICIOUS HORSES'
A correspondent of the New York Spirit of the
Times says :

" My method for taming vicious horses, is gen-
tleness and patience, which removes fear and gives
the animal confidence in man. Rubbing a horse
in the face will cause liini to present his head to
you, and talking kindly to him will attract his at-
tention. After having cleared the stable or pad-
dock of every thing (dugs, chickens, &c.) that will
tend in any way to frighten tlie liorse, drive him as
gently as possible into a corner and approacli him
by degrees, that he may see that there is no cause
lor alarm. Vou must now rub his face gently
downwards (not across or "against the grain" of
the hair,) and when be becomes reconciled to that,
as you will perceive by his eye and countenance,
rub his neck and back, till he will permit you to
handle his tail freely. You may now lead him out,
and call upon him constantly, in a steady tone, to
"come along," (whispering the words, to some
horses, is better than to speak loud.) and in about
ten minutes or less he will follow you about quite
tame and gentle.

In breaking a horse to harness or saddle, you
must be very gentle with him. For the former,
you may commence by throwing a rope over the
back, and letting it hang loose on both sides, then
lead him about, caressing him ns above, until he
becomes satisfied that they will not hurt him ; then
put on the harness, and pull gently on the traces :
in a short time by this kind treatment, he will be
prepared for work.

In breaking for the saddle, you may begin by
showing him the hlnnkot, robbing !iim with it, and
throwing it on his back ; in a short time you may
lay the saddle on, and after fondling him for n. few
minutes, you may fasten it and ride him with per-
fect safety. It is better for one person to stand
by his head nt first and keep him quiet; and then
to lead him along until all danger is over. If he
is dangerous, you may e.vercise him for some time,
by leading him, and leaving him, ns he becomes
more gentle in working. You can then manage
him with more safety. It is better to, work a horse
to make him very gentle; but if this cannot well
be done, I would recommend the use of bit and
harness, that he may learn to be governed by the
bridle : be careful not to get his mouth sore. Put
on at first a loose harness, and let it remain on for
some time: if the harness is tight, it will make an
unbroken horse sweat and faint. You may in the
case of a very vicious horse, side-line him. In a
little time he will pass a carriage without shying,
and will mit caper in gear or under the saddle.

If n horse lie down and will not get up, drive a
stake in the ground and fasten him down for ten
or twelve hours, tlicn loosen him, work him lor
about an hour, water and feed him, and he will
" know better ne.xt time."

I'o make a Horse follow you. Vou may make
any man's horse follow you in ten minutes, or some-
times less ; go tn the horse, rub his face, jaw and
chin : leading him about, still saying to him, come
along: R constant tone is njcessnry : by taking
him away from persons and horses, repeat rubbing,
leading and stopping. Sometimes turn him round
nil ways, and keep his attention by saying, come
nlniig. I suppose in some horses it is imporliint
to whisper to them, ns it hides the secret, nnd gen.
ties the horse : you may use any word yen please,
but be constant in vour tone of voice. The same

will cause all horses to follow. If a horse has ar
injury in the face, you bad better put off tamini;
him until it is well.

To prevent a Horse foom breaking his Halter. —
First, strong-halter him with one that will not draw
as that often makes his jaw sore, then fasten bin
to somi~thing which he cannot pull loose, and let
him pull; indeed, make him pull until he is unwil.
ling to pull any more. You then get on and ride
him a mile or two, and tie him so again, and lei
him stand quiet. By repeating this for a while, it
regular use, you may turn him loose any wher»
and he will be safe.

To teach a Horse to lay down. First, with some
soft haiidkeichief or cloth, tie up one fore \eg
then with a stick tap him on the other, and saj
"kneel;" sometimes by nibbing him on the head
and patting him on the leg, you will induce him ta
lie down. It appears all horses are inclined ti
obey you, and will do so when you teach theiD
that you will not hurt them. You will have to
employ some time and attention : you had better-
take him by himself. Repeat the trial three oi»
four times and you will be successful.

To accustom a Horse lo the use of a Gun, fm-
bri-lla, etc. Commence by showing your friend-
ship, by rubbing the horse's face with your hand:
then snap and explode percussion caps with a pis-
tol ; let the horse frequently smell the powder and!
smoke : then you will fire small reports, until yoi
shall see fear removed ; then overhead and behinfl
the horse, until all is free. If you have a vor^
wild horse, place him in a stall orsmall pen, so as to
have him safe; then firo a gun all around him, anc
go oftrn up to him, speak to hint, and rub hiin in
the face, and then fire the gun again, until he is
free from starling. To make a horse used to an
umbrella, walk before him, raising it up and shut
ling it again ; let him smell it, nnd rub it over hi^
head ; then get on him, gently raise it, and ndi
him along until the fear is over. It is in nil •
better to take the horse to some new plucr .i.u
j from home ; for if you go to the place where lit
has been spoiled, you will find he is apt to prove
unkindqr there than elsewhere. Sometimes horses
will remember fi)r five years places nnd hubits boti
good and bad. You must rub your horse on botli
sides, for he may be gentle on one side and no: on
the other.

How to manage a Kicking Horse. First, make
a stiill or pen for your horse, in which he cannot'
turn round, nnd with slats, through which you call
. put your bond to rub him in the face, and nil overi
' two or three times, raising his tail gently three ot
four times ; then touch one of his fore legs, and'
say to him " foot," " I'ool," until he shows willing*
I ness to raise his foot: raise his foot up, and putH
^ down some three or four times ; then go nil round^^
until fear is removed. All you wish a horse to d%
ought to be done three or four times, repeated t«fi'
, or three d.iys in succession. ''

How lo manage a Cow. Tie her to some plad
80 that you can rub her all over; then salt her
I from your hand ; feed her from your hand, on half
feed, nnd in three days you may do as you pleaae
with her. Rub her near tho root of the tail, ai
thnt has a good effect.

/n breaking a shy or skittish horse, never strike
; him for swerving, but if he is frightened, be gon-
j tie ; get down, rub him in the face, and lead him
to ilie cause of alarm, then back to where you got
off, and then ride him back again to to the object

\ i>I.. XS. !«0. 1<J.

AND II 0 R T I C II I. T I- K A L K K G I S T K R

l:^^

(Kopoat tlin in the lurco of his linbit, and ho will uoncominc the more nocondiiry riiiicliotw of iiiriin- j "Another iin|.ortnril olisiTvolion

*! b« 10611118:117

I tuM habitd. In training horicn to go over bridg

L^ it ia a good plan to lend them over some thruo or

four bridges.

To make n Homt slnnd still trhiU you mnunl. —

Get on and dismount four or live timea before ymi

novehim out of his trm-k

lay horse will stand still.

also, IS that

If an old horse, you may mend ral earth in vegetable reproduction, twenty grams [ weeds and parasiiical vcgrtatmn, are prevented by
. 1... 1 ... ^,,- ^.|„,m ,vero sown u|ii)n the surface of a pane of j tins method, f.ir the straw choki-s every other plant

.

lorses to tame.

D. O.
IN AGRI

ass and covered with sonic straw alone, as in the
other case.

The germination of the seed was soon apparonl,
and most healthy in devcloponienl. "The winter
and by repeating this '""' '•<^'"' rigorous," say these correspondents, " for
this part of the country, and the curlh has somc-
In conclusion, I would advise all breeders to be times been frozen in one solid mass to the depth of
ind and gentle to their foals, and by so doing I *'" inches in the garden where the wheat was
srill venture to say they will seldom haTe vicious sown, and this has happened 8<!vernl times during

I the winter, to the great injury of many plants, and
I even the entire destruction of some, while the
I spots protected by the straw were never thoroughly
I congealed, nor were the grains of wheat, though
lying on the surface under the straw, at all alfcct-
ed by the cold. During the spring, excessive
droughts, prolonged, and several times repeated,
have prevented vegetation on the common plan from
tlourisliing in healthy progress, while our little
spots of wheat have hardly felt the inconvenience
of excessive dryness, for the earth protected by
the straw has never been deprived entirely of
moisture, and our blades of corn (wheat) were
flourishing, when all around was drooping and un-
certain. To conclude, tlien, we have thoroughly
succeeded in our practical experiment, and the
wheat produced is of the finest quality. The straw
was more than s\\ feet high, and in the ears were
50, fiO, and even 80 grains of wheat of full devel-
opement, the admiration of all who saw them, and
particularly those which grew upon the pane of
glass, and which were quite as healthy and as
large as those which grew npon the common earth.
It must be observed also, that there was not the
smallest particle of earth upon the glass, and that
the plants were left entirely to themselves, without
being watered or attended to in any way whatev-
er from the time of sowing to the time of reaping."

The cause of this success, they think, may be
explained in the following manner:

" Straw being a bad conductor of heat, and a
good conductor of electricity, maintains the root
of the plant in a medium temperature, and prevents
the earth from being deprived entirely of moisture.
The moisture of the earth or the substratum, be-
ing continual, facilitates the gradual and constant
absorption of carbonic acid gas from the surround-
ing atmosphere, and hydrogen and carbon, the
chief elements of nourishment to vegetables, are
thus economized in regular supplies where they
are constantly reciuired, and pass in combination
with oxygen from tlie roots up to the stem and
branches of the plants in which they are assiinila-
ted, and the o.\ygen throws off in exhalation from
the leaves. The straw decays but slowly, and
thus furnishes its substance by degrees to the
young plant in due progression and proportion,
(such as the siliqunus ingredients, for instance, of
the pod or capsule,) so that the decomposition of

AN IMPORTANT DISCOVERY
CULTURE.

In the Phalange, a Fourier paper published at
Paris, of Sept. 8th, a novel discovery is described,
which if true, will work a great change in an ini-
lortant department of agricultural labor. It is
lommunicaied to the Paris print by Charles Poil-
iard and .^f. Bernard, who dated their letters at
Srest, AugusI, 1841. It appears that while they
md some of their friends, who farm their own es-
•tes, were engaged in conversation on the sub-
ect of agriculture, it "as observed by one oftliem,

,t that branch of industry was suflfering more
rom the want of capital and enterprise than any
ther, and that nothing was to be done without ma
lire, which was every day becoming more scarce
Jid expensive. This remark led to an inquiry in-

the properties of manure, and particularly as to
rhat provision nature had made in those unculti-
tted regions where there seems to be a vigorous
nd luxuriant growth, without artificial assistance.

In observing nature unassisted, or unthwart-

d, rather by the hand of man, in vegetable repro-

uctioQ, it is found that when the seed is npo it

Us upon the ground, and then the plant which

as produced it sheds its leaves, or falls itself up-

n it, in decay, and covers and protects it from the
'eather, until generation has commenced, and the
loung plant is able to grow up in health and
trengtii, and full developcmont, to recommence
ne same routine of seeding and of reproduction.

'' From this it follows that, in nature, every
llant produces its own soil or humus, and that tiie

Tth only serves to bear the plant, and not to aid
Dourish it in vegetation. Tlie nourishment of
lanta is thus supposed to be derived from nir and
Hlttr, heat and light, or electricity — in different
roportions, adapted to the different varieties of
eg^etablc nature."

Willi this general notion in their minds, and
oosidering wheat to be, in present circumstances,
oe of the most important vegetable sub.slaiices, ]
ley agreed to try experiments, and in October of
tst year, undertook the following operations :

In a field which had been sown with rye be-
ause the land was deemed too poor for "heat, a
lat of twelve square yards, untilied and left with-

ut manure, was carefully strewed over with the 1 ihe straw corresponds to the four phases offermen
ruins of wheat, and wheaten straw was laid upon '"t'""! '" progressing from the saccharine to the
. closely, and about one inch in thickness. In a olcolic, the acid and the putrid elHles, analogous to
arden, also, which had been neglected several those of in/aiicy, 6u<i</i»g', ^oii<A and a«erfing- of the
oars, a few square yards of earth were trodden P'^'it.

ver, and the surface being made close and hard, " We observe that our blades of wheat have but
ome grains of wheat were scattered on this liar- a very few roots, and those are short and liard,
ened surface, and a layer of straw one inch in something like a bird's claw, and this agrees wiih
epth, was carefully laid over it and left as in the the remarks of .Mons. Raspail, who states that the
armer case, to take its chance without ulterior at- most healthy plants in ordinary vegetation have
sntion. And, in order to make doubt impossible the least exuberance of roots and fibres.

but that of Its own need. Many other intcrrsting
observntioDS might be made on these experiments,
but wo refrain at |iro«pnt from obtruding on your
readers; but if any of thorn wish for further in.
formation on this subject, we shall willingly afford
them every facility. The importance of the gene-
ral result will easily become apparent without fur-
ther cor;unenl, and a revolution in the prescnl
modes of agricultural labor is a necessary conse-
quence of this discovery. .No tillage will now be
required nor any artiticiql stimulants in manure
and other more or less expensive combinations
with regard to soil and culture. In fact it would
be tedious to enumerate the various advantages
that may result 111 practice from this casual expe-
riment, and therefore we proclaim it simply to the
world, that all may profit by it."

As this experiment can be easily tried, wo hope
some of our farmers will put it to the test and
communicate the results. We shall certainly try
it on a small seven by nine lot of ground, which is
the largest that is vouchsafed to a dweller in the
city — JV. Y. Eve. Post.

PICKLING PORK AND BEEF.

For a barrel of pork, from three pecks to a bush-
el of salt is necessary : for one of beef less will
answer, say from half u bushel to three pecks. —
Whether for pork or beef, a small portion of salt-
petre, say half a pound to the barrel, is of service.

Let the saltpetre be ground fine and mixed with
the salt; then take the pieces of meat, rub the
salt well ill, pack it away skin downwards, and
should tlio meat not make pickle enough to cover
the whole, add as much strong pickle (of strength
sufficient to bear a potato or an egg,) e.a will do so.

If it be desired to keep tlie meat an;,' considera-
bl'.' time, rock salt will answer best: but if such
should not be the case, equal portioni of ground
alum and fine salt will answer. If the quantity to
be pickled should be small, tine salt alone will an-
swer.

The head of the barrel in which the meat is
kept, must be kept tight, so as to exclude the air. —
Jlmer. Farmer.

OLD PLOW- BO VS.

The Connecticut Farmer's Gazette, in its ac-
count of the Middlesex (Ct) County Fair, says :

" A most interesting exhibition took place in the
course of the day. One hundred and one yoke of
fine oxen were attached to a plow, by the side of
which were arranged a host of sprightly grey -hair-
ed plow-boys, from 70 to 00 years of age. .At the
handles of the plow was the venerable CapL Wil-
Imiii Harris, of Middlctown, a veteran farmer of JtVj
w'inrers, "and who, by the wink of his eye, and the
cock of his hat, was apparently ready for a dozen
more I" At the given signal the train moved on,
the old hero occasionally giving the plow that pe-
culiar shake so well understood by those accus-
tomed to walking in the furrow."

Trii'h can hardly be expected to adapt herself to
the crooked policy and wily sinnositics of wordly
alfdirs ; for truth, like light, travels only in8lrai''lit
lines. — Lacon.

140

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOV. 3, 1841.

For ihc New Englaqd Farmer.

A WORD TO F.MlMIiRS ABOUT ORCH-
ARDS.
It will be denied by few, or none, that a thrifty
bcarint; orchard i3 one iif the surest and most pro-
titable sources of the farmer's income. It costs,
to be sure, labor, care nnd time to bring it to ma-
turity ; but "hen it is brought there, it remains
for years, reciuirinsr each year but little attention,
and repayinir the husbandman by an ample reward
for his pains.

Now if such be the fact, why is it that so few
good orchards rre to bo found among us ? Why
13 it that Ihe old orchards, planted by our grand-
sires, but sadly thinned by the hand of time ami
decay, are still seen, disfiguring many a plain and
lull-side, and yielding but ii scanty hardest of
knurled and diminutive fruit ? Why is it thai our

(ithcrs nay, that we ourselves have not been up

and doing — doing each year something to bring
forward a new and healthful race of trees ?

These questions have often occurred to me, ns
I dare say they have to others— and several proba-
ble answers have also suggested thomselves, which
it may not be amiss to consider ; for the subject,
though not new, is so important that it deserves
repeated consideration tn impress its imporiance.

Many a farmer doclipos setting out young trees,
for the reason that he r.ii»y-not live to partake of
their fruit. He seems tr. reason with himself thus:
that as posterity never did any thing for him, «o he
should do nothing for posterity. But to such an
one a better mode of arguing might be suggested,
viz : that as those who lived on this spot of ground
before me, have done something for me — something
at least, which 1 now enjoy — so urn 1 bound to do
something for those who shall hereafter take my
place — rjr, in other words, if my ancestors had
doDO nothing towards rearing an orchard, I should
now have no orchard ; so, if I do nothing, in the
same way, my children will have none after me.
Manv of the trees that once stood here, he might

state another case. A venerable clergyman of| Another evil to which young fruit trees are tc
New Rowley, Dr Chandler, lived tc. partnke many often e.xposed, even where they are in other ri
years of the fruit of some chesnut trees, the seeds spects well taken care of, is the browsing of ca
of which ho planted after he was///;/ years of age. | tie. For the sake of saving the aftercrop of grae
After instances like these — and they might be , many farmers turn their cattle into young orcharr'
multiplied — let us hear no more of the common and thus inflict upon them wounds from which lh(
objection urged against rearing an orchard, that are slow to recover. It is not safe to let eve
you are too old and shall never live to fee it grow calves or yearlings run where there are youn

Go to work at once about it — let your appre- trees,
hensioiis give way to anticipations — let doing take later.

They will get a nibble nt ihera sooner
Thus browsed, orchards, if they survive tl

the place of doubling — and in a few years you will ; operation, will be dwarfish and scrubbed. Tht V
have the satisfaction of witnessing a substantial j can bo told as far as they can be seen, and it me^ k
change in your orchards.

But it is not from neglect alone to set out trees,
that young and thrifty orchards are so rare. Con-
vinced of the necessity of making a beginning,
many farmers procure trees and set them out, and
leave them to take care of themselves. The field

selected for the purpose, was that year laid down I gleet to keep them from being browsed. If
to grass — the following year it is sodded over — j be the frequent fact — and who can doubt it ? — w ii
and so it remains as long as it continues to yield , cannot fail to pee another cause of the deficienc
a fair burden of grass. In the mean time, neither ' of good orchards. That deficiency will be su]

be safely predicted that they will be as worthle |l
aa they ore ill-favored. The best course to h In
taken with them is to cut them oft" and new grai »
them. But this again your improvident farm'
will not do; it is too much trouble, and if be di it
do, it would be of no u^e, as he would again m

plow nor hoe comes near the roots of the ycmnj
trees : they are grass-bound as firmly as was Gul-
liver when tied to the earth by pack-thread : they
receive neither heat nor moisture, nor air: nay,
they arc not supplied with even an annual pit-
tance of food. Is it any wonder, then, that they

plied, only when young trees are guarded as si
curely as are corn-fields and mowing land.

But supposing a good orchard transmitted, i
many such have been to the farmers of New Enj
land, why is it that they are so fast disappearing
The successive ravages of the canker worm hav

refuse to grow ? How can they, when they have not jn many places, doubtless contributed to this «•
one of the elements to promote growth? and if ; gult niore than any other cause. Tarring the tr6>
they had, have not elbow-room to grow in? Ask the only effectual remedy as yet discovered, Im
the fanner w!iy he docs not keep the field under m many orchards been successfully practiced ; hi-

cultivation

much

more

-he will tell you that it requires too

in more instances, from being only occasional!

anure, and he lias other fields that need il j performed, has resulted in little benefit. Whft.

Inquire of him why he does not cultivate the grubs run in large numbers, an omission to ti
at least a small spot around each tree, — it is too I for a single night, may render abortive the open'
much trouble, and besides he does not like this tion, if repeated every other evening in the seaso-

forcing the growth of trees; they will run out, he
says, faster than lliey run up.

It is in this starving, neglecting system, as 1

It demands careful watching, both in late autum.

and early spring, to detect the day when the

prolific marauders take up the line of march. Bi

conceive, lies the great reason that we have so few ii,js early and late watching is what most farme

thriving orchards. Trees — young trees — like corn ]
or potatoes, must have food, or they cannot grow

not, or do not, attend to. After the enemy
upon them, then, if at all, they begin to make pp

V 'l have cut down for fuel so. that even when they must have cultivation, as plants have, or the parations for an onslaught. I know of a large o

dead I reaped a benefit from them. In the island
of Japan, there is a law that no one can cut down
a tree without permission of the magistrate of the
place, and even when he obtains permission, must
replace il immtdiaUly hy auotlur. Now, by the
latter clause of this law should every one act who
inherits an estate.

But again, how know you that you may not live
to enjoy yourself tlie fruit of your labor ? You
say that you are old, and the chances arc against
you; and you reason thus year after year, making
the chances more against you, and letting opportu-
nities slip by, opportunities, which if unproved,
would turn the scale the other way. But, friend,
let me tell you that you are not too old, if you set
about the business in good earnest. You do not
know how much longer your own life will bo ex-
tended, and perhaps you do not know how rapidly
a. young orchard, well taken care of, will tread up-
on your heels. In the preface to the valuable lit-
tle work on fruit trees, by Robert Manning, of Sa-
lem, he states that it wan late in life when he com-
menced the business of a nurseryman. His friemls
remonstrated with him on such an enterprise for
one of his years, and treated ihe project as visioua-
Ty in the extreme. But he still went on, and what
is the result? The author tells us that ho hus
lived to sell out many nurseries, and to eat the
fruit of many a tree of his own planting. Let mc

eeds and grass will choke their growth. Trees,
or any of the vegetable race, may bo stimulated to ]
excess — become rank and luxariant, and conse-
quently weak and short-lived. But I have yet to
learn that good cultivation and a plentiful supply

chard, once among the most productive and valui
ble in the county of F/Ssex, now almost good fi
nothing but fire-wood, from the unchecked depr(
dations of the canker worm.

Look to it, farmers — look to it in season — loo

of manure, are fatal to their health and longevity, t/i it constantly, that you meet this enemy and vat

Where we have one orchard in danger from these
causes, there are hundreds that from the want of
them, are in peril of coming to a premature grave

quish him. One or two yearly battles, vigorous!
maintained, and you are rid of him. Follow hii
up day by day ; do not spare the tar for fear eitht

The contrast between orchards well cultivated and 1 of the expense or of killing the tree. The one i

those which are not, is so marked and striking,
that it cannot fail to attract the notice of every ob-
server. The bark of the former is healthy-look-
ing, smooth and glossy: that of the latter is of a
sickly hue, scurfy or moss-cpvered. The branches
of the former present the last year's growth of a
great length : those of the latter scarcely give
signs of any last year's 'yfrowth at all. The leaves
of the one are large, green, and glisteuing : those
of the other are pinched, yellowish and dull look-
ing. Eftccts so different, mu.-t proceed from causes
lis different; and lluise causes arc, in general, none
other than the dill'erent modes of treatment or cul-
tivation, to which the trees have been subjected.
Trees, properly taken care of, will yield fruit much
sooner and of better quality tliau those which are
but imperfectly cultivated ; whilst such as are alto-
gether neglected, will linger along only to mock
the expectations of their improvident owner.

not to be named compared with the benclit yo
will gain from it. Of the other there is little dan
ger to large trees, especially if the tar be scrap«
off in summer. Numerous are the orchards de
stroyed by the cankor worm, but 1 know and I ha»'
read of none destroyed bv the process of tarring
ALLEN W. DODGE.
Hamilton, Oct. 20<A, 1841.

KENNEBEC AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Dr Holmes, editor of the Maine Farmer, furnish
cd a pleasant report at the Kennebec Co. Catlh
Show, parts of whicli we extract:

"The Committee appointed by the Trustees ol
the Kennebec County .'\gricultural Society, undei
the appellation of Jncidental Committee, wliich be-
lli" interpreted, ineaiielh a committee to do jus-
tice to those who arc thrust out by arbitrary rulei

Tor. x». wo. \n.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U R A I. R f: C I S T 1^ R

141

■d passed by br «ho rcjjulnr coiiiniitlocs, m cither ! French Dull, »o calloil, which gninod connidcrablo -tfler nl that price. The price hnn doubled within

bore or Moir their notice, beg le.ivo Id report — celebrity some yeari since in liiis noi(;hbi>rhood. a low year* — liirniem connider it cheap aa other

'hat they comiiiencod llieir labors of love by tirsl She has had nothing extra for keep, but i» in ex- ' manure at the preiienl price. Comb niakinf; in

xamiMinj a molhorly hop or hojess, with a beiy ol' collcnl order. We rccoinniond :i gratuity to the , extensively carried on in Leominster, and many of

pockled little responsibilities by her side, belong- lloasrs. tJovc for their fill cow. tlio iiianuraelurors nro farrnera also, and the high

ig to J. & J. tiliddon, of Winthrop. Tlicy were Two yokes of oxen wore next presented for our slate of cultivation ol ihoir farnia, is ample leati-

tlie Tiiscarora breed, which is a variety of the exnininolion, one yoke by Daniel Craig, of Read- [ ninny of the good effects of horn shavings as a nia-

og goiius tlrsl introduced to notice by -V. B- Al- field, and the oilier by Capt. II. I'iiliiicr, of Fayette. ' iiuro. O. V. II.

»n, K-ic)., of Buffalo, N. Y. The chairman of your They were both excellent, and your comniittce !

ommittee ha.1 had some experience with tins were not easily satisfied which would innke tlio ' niSK.VSKS IN TURNIPS.

reed and has had opportunities to observe them in best roast. They finally concluded afier much I ^,,g ^^^^ following articles from the Mark-lanc

hinds of others, and he runs the risk of being thumbing and pinching, that Capt. Palmer's were a (i o,,j„ni j.)
os^irishly hdfrodoi tL3 to assert, th it for quiet little the best, and award to him a gratuity. So ! ^.^ ^iil^- .^.^
leunor, quickness in coming to maturity, and umch for the beef. Li.nm.mlv il

lie

h
em

se III fattening, they are equal to any other breed, j We were next introduced to a couple of surly
0 their name, kith or kin, what it m:iy, although | looking follows, belonging to Col. Chase, of Fay-
ipy cannot boast, like Lossing's Berkshircs, of be- ette. One of them was recognized as Sir John

g nil over black but the tips of their to« nails i Falstaff, whilonio of Monmouth, and the othcras
nd lliTft tchitt hnirs in thrir cue. As we had no I Sir John Somcbodyclse, whose whereabouts was

nds appropriated to our department, we have ' formerly in Readfield. They stood chewing the
othing to restrict our liberality, and shall there- I cud of indifference, and looking with the utmost
)re make out such a bill of gratuities as seemeth 1 calmness upon the fuss around them. The Colo-
good, knowing that there is a vtio power above nel seemed to think that he could oul haul any
s that will upset our good intentions and return il thing that looked through bows, if he only hitched

blank to the people, with their objections. \Vc
icrefore award to Messrs. Glidden the gratuity of

rholo dollar.

We next paid our respects to a couple more of
ie same species of animals, belonging to John

eier, of Winthrop. One was a large and well
haped animal, two years old, the mother of many

happy grunter, and boasting of having Bedford,
lerkshire, and divers other kinds of famous blood

them on. We commend the Colonel for the pains
he has taken to procure such a sturdy yoke of cat-
tle, and cannot but remark that if we had such a
pair of cattle, we should be proud enough without
any premium.

• • • • •

" A barrel of flour was entered by Noah Chand-
ler, of Wayne, but your committee could 'nt find
il, and were under the necessity of going without
her veins. The other was a chubby Berkshire, I bread during our labors. Wi; were, however,
lilt in the most approved form of the day, and as ■ treatc J to a basket of " natural bread," or whnt an
ack as midnight. She was from the herd of l)r Irishman would call " roast beef without bones,"
parhawk, of Conway, N. H., who derived her pro- namely, the potato. These were a new breed,
€nitors from Bement's stock in Albany. Although raised and exhibited by Moses Hubbard, of Fay-
lere may be some among us whose name is known etle They were originally from the balls of

irther, and whose fame has filled a greater space
1 the annals of hoggishnpss, yet wc venture to as-

rt that no man understands the philosophy of
og education better than does John Kczer, Jf., of
H^inthrop. If yon doubt, just call at his piggery
md see with what good manners the veriest hog in
ne herd will behave himself. Wo award him a
ollar by way of gratuity for his biggest sow, and
diploma for his crop-eared Berkshire.

We were next called to cx-.imine another family
f porkers, consisting of the mother and five fat

d frisky piglings, together with a very comforta-
lle and sedate looking companion, all claiming to

Schoodic Blues, and this was the fourth year from
the seed. There were several kinds, large, fair
and haifQsome. We award a diploma to .Mr Hub-
bard for his skill in manufacturing new potatoes."

From the Boston Cultivatoc.

xpress, show thai the turiiipsof England
to diseases which occur here ; and con-
sequently that a di.scovcry of a remedy will bo of
vast service on each side of the Atlantic:

X Sir — A email white grub, with a black head,
somewhat larger than the cheese maggot, is de-
stroying our crops uf turnips completely. Proba-
bly Mr Malson, or some eminent practitioner, would
favor the poor fanners with some advice on the
subject ; allliou^-li I fear it is too late this season
to apply any remedy, as gas-lime, salt, &c. Would
Mr Cuthbert Johnson be so obliging as to give us
his opinion ?

I am, sir, vour obedient servant,
York, Aug. h. EUOR.

il Sir — I have been much annoyed, and suffered
considerable loss in consequence of the turnips in
certain portions of my fields, becoming clubbed.
These pieces, varying from twenty poles to half
an acre, have always been subject to this disease ;
and this year, though lime and chloride of calcium
were drilled with the manure, still the same pieces
of land are marked by this disease, and the tur-
nips entirely spoiled ; while in other parts ■adjoin-
ing, the crop is as good as can be desired. The
soil is sand, blowing sand, in a substratum of a
still lighter nature, and there is nothing discovera-
ble in the soil from the parts adjacent. Can any
of your numerous corrospondenls funush me with
a remedy for this evil ? They would be confer-
ring a great benefit on agriculture, particularly on
your obedient servant, R. C.

HORN SHAVINGS AS A MANURE.
Horn shavings are among the most powerful ma-
nures at present applied to agricultural purposes.
Having witnessed its eiTjcts on various kinds of
soil for years, a few remarks may not be uninterest-
ing to those unacquainted with it. These shav-
e of the real Simon pure Berkshires, belonging to | ings are sometimes spread on wet mowing ground
lend J. W. Haines, of Hallowell. Friend Haines in the pure stale, and at others incorporated with
sjoys the rare faculty of understanding the nature loam or sand, and other substances. Their slow
f more kinds of hogs than one, and the way he di.-coiiiposition renders them more cfiective the 8e-
•i/jTj both with jq/l corn, is 'nt slow — making both cond year after spreading on, than the first, and
pecif 3 wonderfully pleased with the bargain. We } the enriching quality is not exhausted for several
ommcnd Haines for \\\^ indnstry, his perseverance, ' years. This kind of manure appears to be pecu-
nd his pigs, and recommend a diploma as a testi- liarly adapted to moist land, where decomposition
lony of our sincerity. ' is steadily kept on, affording a constant supply of

Eight noble store hogs were exhibited by Daniel fbod for the growth of the crop. It is often spread
raig. We rejoice with Mr Craig ill the prospect on upland ind plowed in, where its effects are
f 30 much future pork, and award him a gratuity, highly beneficial.

•ith the injunction that he remember the poor at Crops of grass from this manure are often very
lauglitering time, and see that they occasionally ' great, and sometimes bo great as to be injured by
ave°a little hog with their hominy during the cold | lodging down. I have known instances where a
ason. Thus "endeth the examination of our share i largo quantity has been applied on wet ground,
f the pork, and by way of change we were invi- I that cattle were unwilling to eat the hay the fir.«t
d to try our hand at beef And first wi; exam- i season ; but after a little acquaintance with it, na-
led a noble large and stalely cow, belonging to I ture will remedy this.

Hips Gove & Son, of Readfield. This cow was I These shavings sell readily at five dollars per
elve years old, and one of the first calves of the | cartload of thirty bushels, and are eagerly sought

SUGAR FROM THE CORN STALK.
Hon. Mr Ellsworth, Commissioner of Patents,
while on his recent visit here, exhibited specimens
of sugar made from corn stalks, the mode of manu-
facturing which i'. detailed in an article in our
last number, copied from the Farmer's Cabinet. It
was excellent in appearance and taste. Mr E.
stales that the corn stalk contains more saccharine
matter llian the sugar cnne: and that we must look
to this rather than the sugar beet as a suitable mo-
lerial from which to manufacture sugar. Three
barrels or more can be obtained from the stalks
upon an acre of rich land sowed thick ; and the
lops of the stalks, the leaves, and the bulls, after
having been ground or rolled, are all serviceable
as food for stock. — Ed.

Oil of Pumpkin .Vfe./.— The Germans on the
bunks of the Wdbash, in Indiana, instead of throw,
ing away or giving to llie pigs, the seeds of tiieir
pumpkins, as is usually done, collect them and
make an oil from them, which they use for all the
purposes of lamp oil ai;d olive oil. One gallon of
seed will give about half a galhm of lamp oil. They
may be pressed like rape and tiax seed. Try it. —
Kiniucky Far.

142

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. :i, 1841

Anr> HORTICULTURAL RKOISTER.

BoiTOK, WEDHESnAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1841.

FRUIT NURSERIES.

In another column of tliis paper will be Tound an ar-
ticle from the pen of Allen W. Dodge, Esq., of Hamil-
ton, upon the growing of trees — especially tlie apple
tree. We insert his communicalion with gr«at plea-
sure. He distinctly and mnngly asks atttiiilinn In a
■ ttbject that is too much neglected by farmers generally.

It costs but litllc labor and outlay to hare young trees
coming forward in the nursery. A farmer can easily
have on Ilia own premises young stocks into which any
scions of a valuable kind of fruit ho may meet with, cin
be sot; and aim, he may have young trees fit for trans-
planting into any nook or corner of the premises where
he vpould desire to have a tree grow. This is especially
true of the appl» tree — seeds of which may be had in
abundance, for the asking, at any cider-milt in the
country. Seeds of pears, plums, peaches, ipiinces,
cherries and many of the ornamental trees, are not so
easily obtained ; yofthere would be no great difficulty
in procuring a supply of these, by the taking of a little
paina.

We allude to the subject at this time for the purpose of
asking farmers whether it may not be well for them to
pat Bome pomace into ihe ground this autumn. The
preient month is the proper time for this purpose.— The
demand for young apple trees is great ; those viho have
raised them for the last few years have found il a good
business. Dull fancy that you are saying to yourselvis,
if wo should do any thing in this way, the market would
be glutted before our trees would be fit for salt. Il may
be so, and il may not. But should it bo so, ihe apple
tree, along the sea-coast, where wood is worth five dol-
lars per cord, is nearly if not quite worth cultivating for
fuel. If in addition to this you will take iho worth of
the fruit as food for cattle and swine, you will in the
course of 15 or 20 years, find ample remuneration for
your outlay. — Should you urge the liability of the apple
tree to doslriiction by borers, canker worms, &c., as a
reason for having nothing to do with tliem, I then will
ask whether this liability to destruction is not in itself
an argument in favor of extensive planting .' for no ono
can suppose that our community will go without apples,
or that tho quantity consumed will grow less. Conse-
quently till! dying otTof old or of any bearing trees, \vill
increase the demand for young ones to take their places.

The worth of the apple to the farmer as a wholesome
luxury and food at his table, and as an article of food for
his stock, is not yet generally eslimaied as highly lis we
believe it might justly be. An orchard in a good bear-
ing condition, brings in a large annual income. \Vc
know that the expense of getting an orchard into this
condition, the interest on original expenditures, and the
injury to tlic land for other purpnsos, is not small. And
yet wo have no doubt that the man who will look for-
ward twcntyfive years will s«e thai ho or his children,
or those who may possess his estate at the end of the
quarter of tho c«nlury, will lie more benefited by a gene-
rous cultivation of fruit trees than by devoting his at-
tention entirely toother productions.

And why is it that our societies for tho promotion of
agriculture, offer premiums for pinntntions of mulber-
ries and forest trees, and leave the growers of nurseries
of fruit trees almost if nol entirely unnoticed? Were
our judgment asked for, we should decide that the
growers of Iruit trees were the greater public hcnefoc

turs, at present, and that tbey deserved at least an equal
share of encouragement and stimulus with the others.

Plant the pumacr — take care of the young trees, and
the fruit in some form will repay you — If you f«ar thai
you shall die before the irees will give you the repaying
fruit, and that therefore you will nol plant ; we should
then ask you never again to taste the fruit of any iree
which your fathers planted. For what right bos he to
lake ihe benofils rosulliiig from the labors of a past age,
wlio will not repay the favors by laboring for Ihe gene-
ration to come ? None. No, he has no right to do it.
May the fruit of that old pear tree which your /(itAcr
planted, blister your tongue at every taste, if you are
too selfish to plant for those who aro to be your succes-
sors.

RUTA BAGAS ON BONE DUST AND SALT LEY.

Some time in May last, wp plowed and subsoil-plowed
about half an acre of land for roots. Ono half of this
land was planted to corn in IB30 and sowed to barley in
1840 ; not highly manured in '3!', and not at all in '40.
Tho other half was sward land — bound out. The con-
tiguous sward of the same quality and in the same con-
dition, did not produce more than half a ton of hay per
acre.

Juno 28, a portion of this land, half stubble and half
sward, was sowed to ruta baga. The dressing, and Uio
only dressing applied here, w:s booe dust or ground
bones mixed with soil and salt le3', (Ihe waelo ley from
Ihe soapboilers, where hard or bar soap is manufactured.)
The quantity of land was 27 square poles; the quantity
of bono, \'i bushels; of ley, 300 gallons; of soil, 1 cord.
The mixture of soil, bone and ley, which had lain in
heap three weeks, was put into drills 30 inches apart.
The seed was sowed June 2S. On the 30lh of Juno
came a fmil storm, which tore down the drills or ridges
and started boih manure and seed from their proper
place. They wero washed into the lowest spots in
abundance, while the higher were left without a sufli-
ciency. After the^plants came up, ihoy were hoed and
thinned. fSubsequently tho flat turnip was sowed in
spots where the ruta bagas wcre'wanting ; but even af-
ter this the ground was far from being covered, and the
plants stood upon it very irregularly. In the early pan
of iheir growth, these plants gave no promise of doing
well ; hut later in the season they imjiroved. During
the last week they wore harvested ; and the produce
was 113 bushels of ruta bagas and 9 bushels of flat tur-
nips, or Hi2 bushels, of 50 lbs. each, on ono sixth of an
acre. This is 732 bushels, or twenty and un half tons
nearly per acre; (no very extraordinary yield ;) but as
the roots were TemarkaJjly fair and sound, and as the
compost applied was diU'ercnl from wliat has been ap-
plird to our knowledge in any other instance, we tliouglit
this statement might bo interesting. We should not
again apply so much bone to the saino quantity of land
Our rale was T2 bushels per ncro ; but 40 bushels is
quite as much as we should apply another season ; and
we should expect from it as much, or nearly as much
benefit aa from a larger quantity. Neither should wu
use one half as much soil in the compost as before. The
cost of our manure was — 12 bushels of bone, $5 ; 300
gallons of ley, !{;2 ; or at tho rate of $4^ per acre. This
— that IS $4'.i — is about the cost of seven cords of eiable
manure in our neighborhood. We reckon cost in the
field.

SALT LEY.

We have been inquired of na to the chtmical compo-
silion of this article. We are unable lo give a replv —
If any of our chemists can givu ihu answer, wo shafi be
happy 10 receive it.

BONE MANURE— SOME MISTAKE.

The mistake is, that we allow the bones ol this vicii
ty to be shipped to England, to be used in fertilizing II
soil across the Atlantic. W ilhin ihc lasl twelvi-inonl
500 ton< of bone were pnrahased of Mr Ward and shi
pod to the mother-land. The ship aame back for ano'
er cargo. These facts show that there is more wor
in the bones than wa in this vicinity attach to them.
Our own observations as to the action of bone upon d
soils, give us a highly favorable opinion nf its perm
neiit efficacy. In the third and fourth year after its a
plication, its effect in promoting Iho growth of grass, b
been obviously very great. How much longer il w
continue its action, time alone can tell.

CO.MMON SCHOOLS.

For a fe>v moments, farmers, we wish lo talk to yi
of sonieihiog besides lands, manures, crops, cattle, bo(
&c. &c. The district school is.a matter ileserving yo
attention. Our system of common schools, in whii
the sons and daughters of all may receive an educatio
is one of admirable wisdom and beneficence.

The interest which the people ol a school district tal
in tho character and competency of lum who eils
mastor at the desk in Ihc school room — the interest Ihi
take in having a comfortable, well warmed and wt
veiililated school house — ihu interest ihey take in ha.
ing bjth teacher and pupils do well the work aasigm
iham^tkis interest is a mutter of no small moment — t
where the interest of this kind is deep and strong,
hclp'i forward the cause of education in the neighbo
hood more than would scores or fifties of dollars added
the sum usually expended for the school. Whether yi
have children of your own or not — act the part ol
good citizen and of a friend lo the generation wliJcli
fast coining up lo take the places which you and yoi
mighliurs now fill, by giving thought and atlenlion
thu public school in your neighborhood. Endeavor
iiiako the inlcrest in the prosperity of tho school bo
general and deep.

When a teacher is to be employed, it is not alwa
good economy to take him who will work Ihc cheapei
A good school of «ix weeks duration is vastly belt
than a poor one of three months. If you clmo-c. yi
may entrust the keeping of your cows and pigs to a jio
tool, who will work cheap, and w« wHl spare all coi
plaint; you may have your own way in peace and qi
eini!ss. But if you show a disposition lo commit ll
training of the minds and hearts of ycpur ohildron, or
tilt! ohildrcn of the neighborhood to one who is iiicomp
tent to instruct, unfit to form their morals, unapt
teaching ; if you show a disposition to make such i
one lord of the scliool room, because he is willing
work cheap — then we cry, shame vpon you — then H
tell you distinctly, ihat you are ready for the monslroi
crime of b^irlering the iiilellectual improvement and \i
moral welfare ot ihlrty or foily young iminorluls tor
lew paltry dollars ; — do it not — do it not. In the nnn
of decency, do it not. In the name of philanthropy, i
it not. In the name of uvery good motive, do it nr
Give your voice and your influence in favor of it^oo
toucher, or of none. Better close the iloors of yoi
School room, and keep your rhildren at home, than pi
thum into the uiunagrment of incmpetent handii.

Also supply your chil.Inn well with books: yc
may as well expect a boy.lo cJiop wood without an ai(
us to make niu'h pntgreM in the school room withou
books. Send your children to school in siiSMn, an
send them constantly ; for unless this be done, Ihe pro
per exercises of tha school room cannot go on «ucceaii
fully and well. Do all you can to make the sclmnlt-
tlicse nurseries of young minds and heails— il c grea
blessing they are capable of becoming.

TOI.. \X. XO. IS.

AND lIOkTICU LTU II A L REGISTER.

143

TIIKIIMOMKTIIK Al.

llriMirlrJ loi lh« Ncn tllclKnd Ktinnrr.

H» nfiiltlie riiirmoniMrrul Iho (iurileiii)l llie |)ro|iri<!lor»

ti.r \r<r EngUmI Karmer, Uriiklun, Ma«*. in » thmlinl

rlliirly cxpofure, wr»k rniling Oct. Jl.

URSlillTO.N MARKKT.— MoKUAT, Nov. 1, 1841.

Krpnrlril I'ui lli< ,\i-w Kiigland Koiiiinl.
A I .Mirkel 2G00 Uuei Ctllle, ICIH) Storeii, 7500 Sheep
d 4lMI Swine.

I'i:i< »:s —Beef Cattle —A bi-aulirul lot iif cntllo were
>iu Duiclies CuHiily, N. Y., and were prohably sold
;lirr lliaii our qiiiilalions. We qiiotu fiml i^ualilVi
"^ 5(1 a U 00. Second qualilv, $ J 50 a 6 So. Thitd
al.lT ijtSOO a 4 eri.

Biirrellinff Cattle.— We quote Mess- $4 25. No. 1,
I r: No. 2, $2,.S0.

Starrs. — Two year old $12 a 15. Three year old, $14
24.
SHerp — A l.irgM niimbor of Sheep were sold at ihe fol-

3 prices, $1 17, $1 33, $1 02, $1 8S, $:2 00, $2 12,

-' L'S.
6if inf. —In consequence of the limited number at mar-
t, iiricrs advanceil. Lois to peddle, 3 l-'i for K>ws,
d 4 1-2 for bnrrows. A selected lot, 4 and 5. At
:ail,4 1 3 and 5 1-2

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected icUh great carci tccekl'j.
5EEDS. Herds Grass, $3 50 per bushel. Red Top, 80
65 cents. Clover — Northern, 13c. — Southern, icic.
IX Seed, Si 37 to 1 M bu. Lucerne, 25 c. per lb. Ca
y Sesd, r>ol n bushel in the market.

•'LuL ll- For the mest part of the wefk there has been
extcDsire relnil demand, and purchasers for [pastern niar-
5 have operated quite freely. All the late arrivals of Gen-
e have been taken from vessels by dealers, and several
eels from stores, comprising about 3000 blls. common
nds, early iu the week, al 86 37, and 6000 Mils, since, at
41) a 6 44'per bl)l. 300 libls Hoa'ard street, S6 .50 4 mos ;
I do. FreJericksbur.;, SC .17, 4 mos; TOO do. Georgetown,
50, 4 mos. The market at the close exhibited a more lan-
d demand, owing partly to the mild state of the weather,
I the expectation ol further early arrivals.
'LOUR.— Baltimore Howard Street «« 50 to 6 02— Gen-
'C, common, tfi 37— Ohio 36 37 to C 44— Indian Meal
iSO.

jRAIN.— Corn— Northern, bushel 74 to "S— Round Yel-
■ 72 — ^Southern Flat Yellow 70 -White do 61. — Rye
rthern "5 to 7o—Oals— Southern 43 ta 60 — Northern
10 54.

?ROVISI()NS. The sales of new Beef consist of 10 or
K) this. Mess, at 9 a *9 25 per bbl; 600 libls. were taken
one dealer from another, on speculation, at 39 per libl., 3
ceni. off for cash. The sales of pork have been at some
uction on late quotations; and by auction, tn-day,26 bbls.
ss i'j 2."i a 9 37 ; 74 do. prime, 87 per bbl. 4 mos ; 40 bbls.
.■stern Prime Beef, ordinarj-, 82 60, cash.
Jeel — Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 00 a 9 25— Navy— S? 00 a
0_\o. 1 »7 00 a 7 50— do Prime S5 23 a 5 50— Pork—
::ear, 4 mo. bill. 813— do Clear 312— do Mess 39 .",0
10 10 - do Prime 87 60 a 8 59 — do Mess from other Slates

00 a 10 00— do Prime »7 00 n 8 00— Clear 812 oo
rJ.W. per ton, S|8 to 20- Eastern Screwed 817 10 18.
::HEESE— Old 4 to 6 c — New 5 to 7.

BGGS, !4 a 16.

»VOOL. Huty. The value whereof al the place of ex-

latiou shall not exceed 8 els. per pound, free. All where-
tho value exceeds S cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. vol. and

Is per pound.

The iransaciions in this article have been to a fair extent
lliou! any clianje on prices. The supply ol most descrip-'!
ns is cqcial to the demand. The stock of pidled is r,»tfter|
lifd .\n import of 40,000 lbs. Buenos Ayres, the last ,
portalion, has been sold, price not public— the precise
ms not being defiuitely settled al the close of the present

art.

rime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 48 a 50 e. — Amer-

1 full l.lo.xl.do 43 a 4.->--Do 3 4 do 40 a 42-Do. l-2do
a 33—1-4 and common do 30 a 33 -Smyrna Sheep,

*hed, ?0 a 27— Do. unwashed, 10 a 14— iteneasi do
I 10 — Saxony, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a ID —
perfine Northern pulled lamb 42 a 45 — No. I do. do. do.
a 10— No. 2 do do do 23 a 3')- No. 3 do do do 13 a 20.

llnibHTOR, KKAR llolTOt),

Situalld an the line of Ihe llnalnn ami tl'iircetter Kail
Itoad,--R mUet^from the eitij.
^tfB^k The Proprietor! of this extensive nursery bei;
gj^^^^V leave In inform their friends iind ihe public, Ihni
^pMHIt they are ready to rurnlsh onlers to any amount,
"~" ("^ for FoiMst Trees, iudigenuous and exolic.
.^K^^^ Friiil Trees, inclu<lin(( all Ihe vnrielies of
Pears, Peaches, PlupM, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. 4c.
Vinos— Shrubs, Green House Plants, &ic.
Catalogues nuy bo olilnincd by applying at the Nursery
Trees carefully packed, to ensure safely in long voyages.
Orders left at the New Enslttiid Seed Store of J. IIhbck St
Co. Nos. 51 and 52, Norlh Ainrket street, will be delivered
the day fullowincr.
Letters containing orders, addressed to the subscribers,

J. 61. F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseries, Del. 27, 1S41.

CAMDRIDUEPORT NURSERY.

SAMUEL POND has for sale, at his Niw
PKiiv, Columbia slnxl. Cainbrid^cporl, 'M.iss.
a choice assortment of Pniil Trev, Shrubs,
Roots and Vines. Amooe tlienviire the be.sl
varieties of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach
.Apricot, fJrape Vines, Asparagus Rhubarb, Pear Stocks,
Apple do.. Plum do.; Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries,
&C. »Vc. Trees of an extra size always on baud.

All or.lcrs left at the Nursery, or at JOSEPH BRECK
& CO.'S Boston, will be filled ihe sueoeeding day, carefully
packed, to go with safely to any part of the country.
Oct. 27 6w

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAl. TREKS, *o.

yrasEnv or William kesrick. nonhntijm hill.

Of Pcacli and Pear Trees, of Plum and
Cherry Trees a collection unrivalled in any
former year for extensive luiinliers of fine trees.
o( ihose most highly ptoduclive, and valuable,
of new and finest kinds.
Gooseberries'of first quality. Apples, Quinces, Nectarines,
.Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Curranls< Strawber-
ries, &c. &c.

The new abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842
which is now ia pie|jaraiion, will l.e senl to ail who apply.

Omatncntal Trees and Shrubs, Ifoneysuakles, i^-c. Splen
did varieties of Double Yellow Hnr ' ' "

of Tree Piconies, of Herbaceous Pa!i
ill? plants— of Double Dahlias, &c.
newest kinds. Cockspur Thorns. (Sic.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, -Anil he promptly
attended to; and Trees when so ordereil, will be securely
packed in niatts and moss for safe Iransporlalion to all dis-
tant places, by land or sea, anil delivered in the city free ol
charge for transporting by the wagon whieb is sent thither
daily, or orders may be left at the Stand at No. 44 Congress
st, Boston

WILLIAM KENRICK.
Nonaoium Hill, Newton, near Roslon. Oct. 6, 1841.

eplDl Oct. 27

isnn and. other Ros
inies, and other iiower-
Rhubarb of first rale

•WALKER'S Tf MPS.

For sale by the subscribers a fine assortment of Walker's
splendid Tulips from Si to 3 jer doz. Also, Grown Imper-
ials, Narcissus, Hyacinths, &c.

Oct 20. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

PRANCONIA RASPBERRIES.

For sate a few hundred fine plants of this celebrated Rasp-
berry Inquire at this office. 3w Oct. 13

TRANSPI-ANTING.

The autumn is prefered lo the spring by
many nursory meiv and orchardisls, lor Irnns-
planling hardy trees, as Apples, Pears niul
Plums. The present is a less busy season than
the Spring, aiui those who intend to purchase
can probably gel ii belter article and obtain it with
more dispiitch now than next April. The frosts have
already been sufliclenl to destroy the foliage, and the opera-
tion ol'iransplanlin!; may be done wilb safety.

We can supply c.^tra fine Apple, Peur, Plum, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornainenial Trees and Shrubs al Nnrsery
prices, and pack to send wilhsafcty to any part of the Coun-
try. All orders faithfully atlendi-ci to.
Oct. 27. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

ED9IUND T. HASTINGS *, CU.
Fare Sperm UU.

No. 101 State St, keep consiaully for sale, Winter, .Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which thrjr
warrant lo be of the bcsl quality and to burn witbuet
crusiiDe.

Oil Canistersof various sizes.
BoslDU, Jan. I, 1341. isly

HOWARD'S IMPflOVEO EASY DflAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinpriiv.. his hiui- l„.,ii m.ndc il.o pn.i vf.ir in the

form unci workmnnsbip ..| ihcse Plnn-b.! : ihr- mould b> arri
has been so formed as In Ini/ the Jurroa cnnplctelii oeer.
tumin/r in eecrij parliele of gra.ii or tliJMc. and ir.tcini' M«
ground in Ihe best ponib/e mannrr. The hiiflli oT the
mould board has Ik n very much increase*, so ihat ihe
Plough works wiili Ihe jjrealesi case, both with respect to
the holding and ihe lenni. The Conimitlcc al the lulc trial
of Ploughs at Woreesler, say,

" Shoiibl our opinion be asked a* lo which of the Ploughs
we should prefer bir use on a farm, we might perhaps say to
Ihe inquirer, It your bind is niMsiiy li^hi nml easy to work,
tr\- Prouly & Moars, Iml if your land is heoT'j, hard OTToel.y,

DBGIN WITH Mb. HnWABO'a.''

At the above mer.t'.oiied trial the Howard Plough iiii
more vork, with the same pmccr of team, than any other
ptoiiffh e.rhibited. No .Mlier turned more than Iweniysu-.-eo
and one half inches, to the 112 ll>s. draught, while ih«
Jfnward Plough turncil hcenli/jiine and one half incJics,!*
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or hind side of ibis Plough, which can he renewed \»'itlinut
having lo furnish a nev; landside; this shoe likewise seciiie:i
ihe mould board and landside together, and strengthens ttie
Plough very much.

The price- of the Ploughs is from 86 lo»i5. A'Ploneh,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost alioul
810 50, and with cutter 81, with wheel and cutler, fj SO
extra.

The ahove Ploughs ate for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New Ensland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Slme,
Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Siroet. bv

JO.-JEPIt iHlECK & CO.

SCN IJl/VI.S. ■

Just received a few of Shel.'oi 4i*Ioore's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful arricle lor t t puil^ose of giving the time
of (loT in the gardeii'tir Held. Price 'rS cents. For sale by
J. BRIECK $■ CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept 1.

GRINDSTONE.S:

An extensive assorlmenl of VVnler and Hand Grindstnies
cnnstatlily on bund and for salebyAMMlC. LOMBAM)
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. 17.

li'ETANG LI.HE.

Farmers in want of Lime for .Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly lo their advantage to try Ihe St. George Go's.
L'Elang Lime, said to be superior for thai purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
orer the Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston.

Sept. s. 3m

DRAFT A^D TRACE CHAINS.

Just received bv Pabkcl Coromandn.
40O pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
•200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
.\o. 52 Norlh Market st. April 81

» mvfi rp CHAINS.

Just received hy Packet Coromandn, 500 Chains for lys-
ine lip Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derbv, Esq. of Salem,
and Col Jaccji-es, for the purpose of securing cattle to the
stall, are found t< be the safest and most convenient mod*
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market •!.

WILLIS'S LATEST I.tlPROVED VKGETARLE
CUTTER.

This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of eui-
ling Ruta B.ign, Mangel VVurtzel, and other roots. The
great objection to other m.tcbiiics, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes it nlmosi impossible for the cattio
to get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into Large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
cnnvonicnl bir ihe CDttI'' to eul. It will cut with ease from
one to two bush-ds of roots per minute.

Forsalehv JOSEPH liRECK & CO., at the New Eog-
land Agricuftttral Warehouse, No SI and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

144

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. -3, 1841.

MISCELLANEOUS

NONANTUJl HILL.

The name of Ihis place, about seven miles from
Boston, is of Indian ori<,'in. The " Heights of Nu-
nantum," were the subject of a grant made to the
Christian liulinns by h special act of the General
Court of Massachusetts, at a very fnrly day. The
first church of converted aborigines in America,
was here congregated, under the pastoral care of
that renowned and pious apostle of Christianity,
• the Rev. Mr Eltot. There, also, was erected the
humble cdihce, wholly of Indian workmanship,
which was built by them for a place of worship.
The hill ' commands one of the most delightful
views, both of city and country, which is to be
found in New England. Westward, and in the
distant horizon, is Wachusett mountain, at the dis-
tance of sixty miles ; on the north-west and north
are the flourishing towns and heights of VValtham
and Watertown ; north-east and eastward are fine
views of Cambridge and Clsarlestown, and the
beautiful river Charles; a distant view of Dorches-
ter and Milton hiK, and, more beautiful than all,
the city of Boston, with its numerous domes, cupo-
las and spires, melting, as it were, with the Atlan-
tic ocean, which bounds the view in that direction.

Nonantum, on Dhe v _slcrly side, siid to the sum-
mit of the hill, is now the possession of William
KonricU. This portion of the hill i« in the town
of Newton, and near the division lino between that
town and Brighton. Here are Mr Kenrick's Gar-
dens and Nurseries. The whole establishment
covers an nreu;of sixtyseven acres, a part being in
young forest and grass. The principal Nurseries
comprise aboDt thirty acres, including the dwelling
house and some of the appropriate out-buildings,
with such portions of the land as are successively
required in the rotation of productions — all being
at times cleared and replanted. Here are culti-
vated all the most approved and superior varieties
of fruit trees — the most hardy ornamental trees,
shrubs, and herbaceous perennial plants. In tiie
selection of tliese, Mr Kenrick has spared no pains
or expense in-searching out and procuring all ihut
is new, valuable and beautiful, adapted to our cli-
mate, from all accessible resources and collections
of other countries. His present collection of fruit
trees is probably unrivalled in this country, for
rareness, variety and excellence. Of the number
of trees of each kind, or of the aggregate number
of all the sorts we have no knowledge. A slight
view would discourage any attenipt to count them,
or to get the number but by approximation.

The actual amount of sales at these Nurseries,
both of fruit and ornamental trees, we believe is
unequalled in the United Slates, except ar one or
two places. In the spring, sixteen tu M-. nty 'irst
rate workmen are employed, and about a dozen
during the remainder of the season.

Mr Kenrick has now in a state of forwardness,
an " Abridged Descriptive Catalogue" of the Fruits
and Ornamental Productions, that will be offered
for sale in 1842. This catalogue, which is intend-
ed for gratuitous distribution, is to be printed on a
large sheet, in eight quarto pages. We have seen
a portion of it, and judge from tlinl, that it will pre-
sent a more perfect collection than can be found at
any other nursery. Mr Kenrick was in Europe
lost year, and laid a conscription on the nurserie.-
of Franco and England, the product of which has
been transferred to his own, whence the gardens

and farms of his fellow-citizens may be enriched
and improved.

No.NA.-<Ti'.M Dale. Adjoining the estate above
described, at the foot of the hill, are the Nurseries
and Gardens of John A. Kenrick — formerly the
property of William Kenrick, senior, and the father
of the present William and John. This gentleman,
who has now been dead some years, was among
the earliest cultivators of native Jorest trees in New
England. The present proprietor has given to the
place the name at the commencement of this para-
graph. The extent of the farm is from eighty to
ninety acres, lying chiefly in a valley, as its name
indicates, sheltered by gently swelling hills. The
land is of an excellent quality. A considerable
portion of it is stocked with fruit trees. Eight
acres are planted with peaches of the finest kinds,
for an orchard. The nursery covers about ten
acres, in which may be found all the most valua-
ble fruit trees, that admit of cultivation in our New
England climate. Most of these arc produced
from buds or grafts, taken from bearing trees, and,
consequently, no doubts can be entertained of their
identity. There are, also, about two -hundred va-
rieties of ornamental trees and flowering shrubs,
embracing the most desirable hardy sorts. Mr
Kenrick has a splendid collection of roses. The
Jirst premium of the Massachusetts Horticultural
Society for the "fifty finest varieties," has been
awarded to him for several successive years. His
assortment of herbaceous plants is also extensive,
and includes all the most beautiful Pmonies and
Dahlias that are cultivated in this vicinity. — Bos-
Ion Courier.

JVero Sofa Stuffing. An extraordinary and inge-
nious escape was made fr«im the New Hampshire
State Prison recently, by one of the convicts. He
worked in a shop as a cabinet-maker and uphol-
sterer, and iiaving orders for a large sofa, he made
it with a false bottom and stuffed it with some very
light materials. In the space formed between the
top and bottom, he contrived to introduce his body,
at tiie time when the wagoner came to take away
the piece of furniture. Ho was quite a small man,
and his weigiii was not sufficient to produce any
suspicions in the mind of the driver. Tlie sofa,
thus loaded, was accordingly slowed away in the
baggage wagon, and our hero made his escape. —
Boat. Timts.

Sharp .Instvcrs. " Boy, your corn which you »ro
hoeing there, appears to be quite small."

"Yes, sir, we planted little corn."

"But it looks yellow."

" Yes, sir. Dad had to go all the way down to
Uncle Nat's to get yaller corn to plant."

"[shouldn't think you would have more than
half a orop."

" No, sir, we don't expect but half a crop — we
plant on shares."

OU.i:EN'S pati;m' sxrawcuttkk.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. al iheNew England Ajjnc
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and.'i-.! .\«irlli Mi
kel .Street, imve lor sale, Green's PaleDt Straw, Hay a
Stalk Culler, operating oa a mccbaLiiccl principle not btfi
applied lo asy iinplcoient for this purpose. The most proi
ineiil ellects of Ihis application, aad some of the euosequc
peculiuriiies of the luacbine are:

1. So 1,'reat a reduction of the quantum of power requis
lo use It, that the strength ol a half grown boy is sutticit
to work il efficiently.

2. With even this modcralc power, il easily cuts two l>u»
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claim
by any other machine even when worked by horse or siei
power.

3. The knives, owing in the pccniiar manner in which tb
cut. require sliarpening less oflen than those of any olf
straw cuti«r.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and f
together very strongly. It is therefore not so lialile as t
complicated machines in general use to get nut of order.

APPl.l!J PARKKS.

Just received at the New England Agriculiural Wai
house, .\o 51 and 52 North Market Street, a good supply
Sliinln/s .i'upcj-ior Apple Parcra, a very useful arlich-. \Vi
one ol these machines a hushel of apples may be pared
a vary sliort time in the best possible manner, and Willi gre
saving ol the apple, as the oulsidcs may be taken oflat S'
ronuired thickness. The ahove is also for sale at N. P. 1
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SCUDDER, CO."
DIS Sl CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

3r at

bbS
ihliMl

In a temperance procession at Rochester, N. Y.,
the ladies carried a banner on which was inscribed
this motto : " Total abstinence or no husbands" —
Upon this a paper remarks, that the young nieti
should adopt for their motto, "Natural form.i, or
no wives" — and then both stick to it It would
be diflicult, we think, to suggest a more elTectual
plan for lessening the evils of light-lacing and
hard-drinkii)''.

LACTOMETERS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural Wi
liciu-ic, No. 01 and 53, North Market St., a few sets of L
iwiriLiorSffor testing the quality of n-.ilk.

June 23 JOSEPH URECK & CO.

PRINCE'S Nl'RSERIES AKD GARnEJVS.

The New Catalogues are now ready for d^
trihution .."Tnlu- to uU who a\>y)\y, past paid,
mail. They comprise an immense assorln
of Fruits and Ornamental Trees, Shrubb
and Plants, Bulbous Flower Roots, and DahliiiL
Ijreen House Plants, Gurdtn Seeds, &c., all of wbicb t
now at much reduced prices.

Orders, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will i
ceive prompt attention. 4teow Sept. 8

UUrNDSTUNBS, ON FRICTION ROLLERS.
Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction roll, r« «
moved with a fool treadcr, is found lo be a greni
Hunt on the present mode of hanging grindslo
ease with which they move upon the rollers, tcwi
very easy lo turn with the foot, by which tnc In' '
man is saved, and the person in the act of grii-
govern the sttme more lo Ins mind by having thf

control of his work. Stones hung in this niaiui

coming daily-more in use, and wherever used, givi
sal salisfaction. The rollers can be attached lo sto
in the common wav.

Foreale ny JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. r.l nnd I
Norlh Market Boston. July

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains
for Fences or otlier }>nrpo8es. For sale hy J. llh'
CO., No. f.2 North Market st. ,.\

1.0. «

dli
ill

N F. W F, >' « L A N 1) F A R M £ U .

A WEKKLY TAPKn.

The £ditoriaI department of thin pttpc-r having con
into the hands nf the subsrribir, I.e is now aulborilc
by Iho publishers to inform lh.> public that the prio
iho pnpor IS reduced. In future the terms will bH
pur year i/i udtanct, or ^U M if not pnid within
d,iy8. ALLEN PUTNAB

N. B. — Postinastiirs ari^ reqaiied by biw to ftanA
Kiihecriplions nnd remittances for newspapers, will
pxpensfl to siibsrribem.

TUTTLE AKD DBHWETT, PHINTERS.

AND II O 11 T I (• U L T U R A L 11 E G I S T E R .

PDBLISHBD BT JOSEPH BRBCK * CO., NO. 63 NOUTH MARKET STRKBT, (AoiiouLtural Waiihoui>.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

:

BOSTON, WKPNKsn.W KVKNINC, NOVKMBKR 10, 1841.

N. E. FARMER.

ROTATION OF CROPS.

In Englisli treatises upon husbandry, a judicious
ystoiii ul rotation is inaisted upon as essential for
reserving the fertility of the farm. The charac-
;r of our soil and climate differ so imich from
lose of England, that we probably should fail of
iiccess were we to copy their processes through-
iiL But while it may be unwise for us to culti-
ilo the same cropa which are there Ibund most
ofilable, it by no means follows that the princi-
es upon which they establish their rotations, may
Dt be valuable hero. It is a rule with them not

let the si.iie kind of •rop grow upon a field two
icceesive years. And the principle may be valu-
le in its application here. Our own obscrva-
ons are opposed lu taking a crop of Indian corn
oni a tield two successive seasons. For though
e second crop may be as good as the first, yei
e second application of manure is much less ser-
ceable on the following crops than the first; in
her words six cords of manure applied to in acre
r corn in 1841, and six cords to the same acre

corn in 1p41, will not turn to so much account
I the u.\vr cropo tts v,c-!J be .btu.r.cJ froi.i pi:l-
ig the six cords in 1841 upon a different acre. —
'e have no design to discuss this subject here.
It are merely introducing the following extracts
am Morion on Soils, which, though rehting to
nglish crops, may furnish some iiints at princi-
which will be valuable in Yankee liusb.-iiidry.
ae author •>! ••'''IrerE'Tij «h? tcurste of Phi'ip Pu
y, Esq., M. P., and now President of the Royal
gricultural Society. — Ed.

"The rotation which you adopt is called the
>rfolk or four-field course: the first year wheat,
[isr one year clover made into hay ; the second
ar is turnips after the wheat ; most of your dung
laid on for this crop, but part of the field intend-
for turnip is sown in September, with winter
tches nr rye, or white and yellow clover sown
lOngBt the wheat, and these crops are fed off by
|» in April, May and June, after which the
id is sown to winter turnips ; there is also u part
metimes sown to white peas, and when they are
nested the land is sown with turnip seed ; the
rd year tlie whole is in barley, with clover seed ;
Id the fourth year the whole is in clover, »liich
made into hay : this I believe is the system of
Iture which you strictly adhere to.
Now, before we examine the several members of
■ course of cropping, let us see how the ccono-
' of your live stock goes on. They consist
lOlly of a flock of sheep, and these piincipally of
seding ewes ; (I believe there are very few of
n that ever fatten any of your ewes or lambs for
butcher;) and that you dispose of your lambs
d old ewes in summer and autumn, and that the
ice you get for them, with the price of the wool
>in your ewes, is the amount of money you year-
receive from your sheep ; this is all the return
iy make for the whole of the food they co.nsiime
twelve months. The only other stock you have

is working horses ; some of you may breed n colt
to keep up his team, others have some cows for
the use of the family. (These remarks are not in-
tended to apply to the dairy farms.)

.All your live slock may therefore be said to be
your working horses and your flock ot sheep, and
all the return they make you is the value of your
lambs, old ewes, and the wool from your ewes, be-
sides the value of the manure from the sheep when
folded on your turnips, or on your land tor wheat,
either before or afker it is sown.

The whole of your wheat, and barley, and peas
ynii tnke to market, and the price you get for these,
with what we have before mentioned as the return
from your live slock, make up the total amount of
return from your farm.

From this system it is evident that the several
crops come around in rotation once in every four
years ; this quick repetition of the same crop on
the same ground, is the greatest objection to the
Norfolk systi^in. It has been found thit land soon
gets tired of any particular crop, when repeated in
so short a period.

The first member of the course that fails is the
clover, which is by no means so sure or productive
a crop now ns it used to be ; it is very freriiieiitly
a laiiing crop, dying when ii comes up, or blight-
ing off in the spring or early part of the summer;
indeed, the land seems to be so completely tired
of it, that we can scarcely ever see a good crop of
clover. A remedy for Ihisevil has been attempted
on your stronger land, by dividing the clover field
into two, and taking a crop of beans or peas over
one iialf of it, and clover on tiie otiier naif, so
that if these crops be taken on the alternate sides
of the field, that which was beans last turn, comes
in course for clover next turn — so that it will be
eight years before either the clover or the beans
come round on the same ground. This is a great
improvement, so far as the crop goes, and it will
remedy the evil, and I have no doubt but an in-
creased crop of clover will be the result ; but it
must be remembered that by this change one fourth
part of the green crop, as food for sheep, is given
u[), and this fourth pirtt is added to the corn-pro-
ducing crop, not to he Consumed on the firm, but
to be sold and curried off the land. Tliis is an
evil e(|iial in magnitude to the failure of the clover
crop: thus a fourth part of the food for sheep is
gone, and with it, of course, the means of return-
ing the manure it would have produced to the soil,
for the reproduction of food for stock.

That which we have already noticed as to the
failure of the clover crop, also takes place with the
turnip which is of much more consequence to you :
how often do we sec the turnips to be a failing
crop ; indeed how seldom do we see a good crop
of turnips on the fine turnip soil of which your
farms consist.

This fiiltirc is, we think, partly owing to the
same cause hs that of the clover — the too frequent
repetition of them on the same land. If the crops
were farther apart, say six or eight years, we have
no doubt that the crops would not only be more
certain, but also more abundint.

About the first of tliis century the turnip cropa
in Norfolk began to fail ; great complaint* were
heard in every quarter, that the turnips, instead of
producing large bulbs as they used to do, produc-
ed roots like fingers and Iocs, without any bulbs;
and much was written on the cause of the failure,
and on the remedy ; but every rcwiiedy failed, tilL
some one by claying a lield a second lime, (that is,
putting on a 100 cubic yards of clay or clinlk;
marl to the acre,) found that, after this, the sandy
soil, having a much greater degree of tenacity or
adhesiveness than before produced good crops of
turnips, as well as good crops of clover, barley and
wheat.

When I mentioned to some of you this mode of
recruiting your land which is tired of turnips, (and
which is still continued in the sandy parts of Nor-
folk and Suffolk, of claying thoir land every Leight.
years,) you expressed your approval of the plan,
and stated, ' We have no doubt of it, for if wc lake
any earth from the sides of the field or road, and
put it on our land in course for turnips, we are
sure to see turnips where the earth was laid, if
there be any in the field.' Now there is scarcely
a field, particularly in Charney, but what lias accu-
mulations of earth at th" end o*" the old ridi^es.
left by the turning of the plow, and it would be an
advantage to the field to have these iicciimulallons
removed : and it wouid be of great use if carted
over the field, or if mixed with the dung, and forty
or fifty cartloads of such a mixture put on the acre,
would be sure to secure a good crop of turnips;
besides this, there are the sides of the field, the
load sides, ano liie sides of liie diicnes wouid fur-
nish as much matter as would give a covering to
the whole of your arable land, and there is clay
within a mile I think of any field on the estate ; a.
covering of which would produce os good an effect
on the sands of Berks, as it does on those of Nor-
folk and Suffolk. ,

But in some instances there may be another
cau.'ie for the complete failure of the turnip crop;
indeed I have seen very good reasons for believing it.

Before we attempt the cultivation of any plant,
it is quite necessary for us to be well acquainted
with the nature and habits of the plant, and liie
mode of culture which suits it, to be able to culti-
vate the plant with siicci-ss.

If the nature and the habits of the turnip, and
the kind of culture necessary for the developement.
of its natural character be unknown or neglected,
wc shall very seldom succeed in producing good
crops ; but if we know something of the nature and
habits of the plant, and attend strictly to the mode
of culture necessary, under every circumstance, we-
shall seldom fail in producing good crops.

The turnip seed and the habits of the young
plant arc in every way like those of the wild mus-
tard and charlock, which is to be seen growing ia
the spring very abundantly and luxuriantly, on
land which has been pulverized or reduced to a
very fine tilth, and is so injurious to early sown
barley, or oats, or spring sown wheat on some»
soils ; but these plants very seldom grow on tbei
same field, if the land be left in a rough or clodd/^

U6

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

NOV. 10. 1^41.

State, not finely pulverized ; here then \a a key to
the production of thesu plants; lienco the necessi-
ty of h.avinj the land well pulverized in the early
part of the spring, and then to keep it so for the
porfect (levelopenient of the turnip plant, whose
habits in the early stages of its growth, are in eve-
ry respect like those of the wild mustard and
charlock.

We think, therefore, to secure a good crop of
turnips, the hinil must be early reduced to a fine
tilth, and when in this fine pulverized state, it nnist

TEIE FARMER'S ALMANAC FOR 1842.
This good old farmer's companion, by Robert B.

Brought forward JC8 2 6
instead of 200 sheep at night only ; after
this rate the manure would be worth 4 16 0 1 Thomas, again makes its annual appearance, and'

! among all the works for telling u6 of the changes

£12 18 6 I of the moon, the times of the tides, and the risings

Thus a clear loss of £12 I8s. (id. per acre, is the ' and setluigs of the sun. there is none that we like

result of a failure in our crop of turnips. j belter than Thomas's. For f/ty years the autlior

But although we have now come to the end of , has annually furnished his manual for the farmer,

our course, with a loss of £12 18*. (id. per acre, | and his ren. arks upon the length of time he has

during the course of four years yet the evil does < been an almanac-maker, are well worth a reprint:

, . , ., not terminate here ; for it cannot be expected that ; c. F,^..rv Years Ago! It is just fifty years,

also be kept moist; for a fine pulverized soil, re-Uhe land will be in so good a stale for the produc p^;^,„j, „„j p^^,„^,^ ^ and new_we know not
cently inade^»o by mechanical means, .b dry and Ho,, of ^ crop of turnips now, as it would have been j „hich arc the most numerous or the most kind,

without moisture in it to vegetate the seed. This had a good crop of turnips been produced on it , ,, „ho have gone hand in hand with us for
IS universally the case w_,th land (ho«ever light four years ago, and by their consumption on the j ^ century, or you who have known us but a

half ie

and sandy it may be) which is plowed the first
time for turnips in the spring, and we have seen
the first plowing given to turnip land in the month
of May, and the result was, wlint was predicted, a
complete failure of the whole crop of turnips.

Here let us stop for a little, and try if we can
ascertain the amount of loss sustained by the fail-
ure of the turnip crop ; for this is a most impor-
tant question, and it is right that we should liave a
clear view of it, for it is universally believed by
every turnip farmer, that if they gel a good crop
of turnips, there is no fear of good crops during
the remainder of the course, and this we believe
to be the case.

But before we can ascertain what loss we sus-
tain from not having a good crop of turnips, it will
bo necessary for -us Lo know the value of such a
crop: well then, a good crop of turnips may be

feir

and, leaving such a quantity of manure of the | ^j^^^^ summers— it is just fifty years since we-
most excellent kind. There is, therefore, not such j gjj,^[p,| ^^^^ unpretending, but, as we trust, useful
a prospect of your getting a good crop of turnips | jj,„„j| Fifty years 1 It is a life by itself! In
now as you had four years ago when you failed, j j^at time how many millions, who were, half a cen-

The evil is llierefore perpetuated, and a diminu-
tion of the productive powers of the land is the
result ; and all this evil has arisen from your fail-
ing to produce a good crop of turnips."

From the .same.

would be more anxious about its increase anil more

careful of it, so as to prevent it from running to

waste ; for we have seen dung. hills on the road

reckoned at 20 tons of bulbs per acre, and it has ' aide wiih the rich liquid manure running out of

been ascertained by many experiments on a large, j|,e,n i„to the ditch, or sinking into the rock ; we

vho.

on turnips, will i have also seen them covered with docks, nettles.

oC^l", thnt f=hpcp,

consume as great u weight of turnips per day as j and every kind of weed, and we have seen a

the quarter weight of their mutton; that is, if a Ltream of water, in wet weather, from the yard,

tury ago, living, breathing and moving, full of Ij
hope, of young lite, of energy and of vigor, have- li
gime down to the silent grave ! In that time, what
countless millions of the human race have been-
called " to sleep the sleep which knows no wak-
ing!" It is now but a little over fifty years sinca k

, the immortal PVanklin, author of that quaint, buB

SAVE YOUR MANURE. time-honored work, "Poor Richard's Almanac,"

The real value of manure to a farm seems notj^j^j. ^^ ,^ho "wrested iho lightning from tha
to have entered your head; for had you a right j ,^g_^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ sceptre from the tyrant." Fiftwii
ideaofitsvalue, one would have thought that you years since, and the high and pure-souled Wash-
ington, one of the noblest characters that our '
country, ay ! or any country has produced, was
alive, directing with his wisdom, and giving, by
his presence and counsels, new vigor to those en-
e.-gies vrhich tl;e people of these United States
hardly dared lo hope that they possessed !

sheep weighs 80 pounds of mutton when dead, the
same sheep will have consumed about 20 pounds of
turnips per day while fattening, if no other food
was given to it, and if it had as many as it could
ei»t.

carrying off all the most valuable parts of the ma
Dure, without any attempt being made lo stop it,
or to mix it with the eartli, &c. : this is a very
common case all over the country. It would be

Patteninor r»ttle rnn?orT' nbotn the p».mc ] .liiT.tult lo culculule how much is lost yearly
quantity in proportion to their weight ; thus, if an I throughout the country by inattention to this sub

Within filty years, while we have gone on in
the even tenor of our way, our blessed country hai
stretched upward, from the lithe and pliant Eap-4
ling, to the strong and mighty tree, spreading
abroad her majestic branches, giving shade and
protection t.n all who ha'e sought her shelter, and
firmly establishing herself among the other nations
of the earth, with a population increased during

per day, if no other food was given to it, and if it
had as many turnips ns it could consume.

From the above facts, we learn that an acre of
turnips weighing 20 tons will keep in a fattening

ox weighs when dead 8 cwt. of beef, it will while ' iprt • nerhnns a oiiarter i'" not one third or even a ! , • /• ■ n <• n-

f„„„-° . I k . o . p. iJ^'^^' l"^"^""!"* '''l"*™'^' '•■""■""'' ""^"' ",'^,' "' I that lime, from hardly four millions to seventeen

fattening have consumed about 2 cwt. of turnips half of the value of all the dung, is thus allowed to Ljj„JQ^g

I Fifty years ago, and cities now full of thousand!
of souls, were the hunting-ground of the Indian^
and covered only by the forest or swamp. Fift]
state 12 1-2 sheep, weighing 20 pounds per quar"- j gold,' conveys a truth which you really seem lo years ago, and the city of New York contain,
ter, six months from the 20th day of October till have lorit sight of, but which I hope you will be

the 20lh day of April ; but if the sheep are kept in more familiar with for the lime to come, as it is, , . ,^„,_„ „ .„ „ „ „,.

a store stale, the same acre of turnips may keep 16 I for your own pecuniary advantage, for without ma- , ^^-'P'"" '''«" "bout 40,000 ; now 200,000. BalU*
sheep for the same period. t n,„o we seldom succeed in procuring good crops ': '""re, "hich then had but about 13,000, has no-

Now, from the above facts, let us see what loss r,f nnu L-in.l nn.l win, « lilioml simnlv nf it of „ 1 100,000.

go to waste, thus exhausting the soil hy negli
gence, instead of increasing its ptoductivenet^s by
attention to the subject.

The old maxim that ' muck is the mother of

>«Vi[

but about 3;i,000 inhabitants ; it has now 312,000.'
Boston then about 18,000 ; now 1>,%000. Phil»-

we sustain from not producing a good crop of tur-
nips.

The increased value of the 12 1-2 sheep which
an acre of turnips will keep for 6 inonths, in a fat-
tening slate, we cannot reckon at less than 13j. per
head ; this is after the rate of Cul. per week per
head, or 16 store at lOj. per head - - £6 2 G

There is aljo the loss of the manure (dong
and urine) which the sheep would have
made from the consumption of 20 tons of
turnips ; this must be equal to 15 tons at 5«.
per ton, or if wu take the opinion which
farmers have of the value of the fold, which
18, that 200 sheep will, during the night, in
a week, go over an acre, and that this Is
worth £1 IOj., this folding will be equal lo
325 sheep for a week, both night and day,

good quality, jiroperly applied, we can produce the
most luxuriant crops nf every kind, you should
therefore use every means in your power to in-
crease its quantity and improve its quality, and
inake every exertion to produce the largesl quanti-
ty per acre of those crops which by their consunip

Fifty years ago, and we had nolhing of the gi-
gantic wonders of steam ; we had no boiling cauU
drons traversing the land and wat(?r. puffing and
groaning, and pulling or pushing enormous iiiasBCJ
with fury along, now here, now there, as the mas-
ter spirit which controlled them might dictate. —

lion with sheep on the land, or with stock in the ' Fifty years ago, the worthy fathers and mothers of
house or yard, will return the greatest quantity of | the present generation were willing to drc-s in
so valuable an article." j llitir own homespun; the busy wheel was «hir-

I ring by the kitchen fireside, the knitting ncedlci.

The farmer with no inheritance hut health, with ! «ere plied, and the wool woven in the house,
no riches but industry, and with no ambition but ] the finer fabrics dressed at the fulling-mill, whii
virtue, is the sole king eniong men, and the only I I'^s given way to the spacious factory. The

man among kings.

Irrfall and steam engine, the improved spindra
and other machines, manufacture now millions I
Resolve to perform what you ought, and perform ! yards, where fifty years since only hundreds weJ
without fail what you resolve. , made, and that by the induslrioufi and thrifty ban

VOL. XI. sro. lu.

AND H O R T I C U L T b* W A J. R E G I S T E R

117

of tlio iiiolhoni and ilatightcre of tho hardy rannors
ol'tiiodo days.

With all ihc chang^es thai have been goinj; on
ia lh« freat world, iho course of oiir .America has
b««n "onward and upward." Wu have had as
Presidents, our Washington, Jefferaun, .Madison,
Monroe, .\dani8, father and son, Jackson, Van Uu-
ren, Harrison, and now Tyler. Kn;,'Und has had
her Georges III. and IV-, her Williiiin IV., and
now hos her Victoria. France h.is had more chang-
es, has bet-n the scene of more violence and more
•xciting and terrible commotions than almost any
other part of the civilized world, and from wliicJi,
thanks to a kind Providence, we have been meas-
urably exempt. Within fifly years, Russia and nil
the countries of the old world have had their
changes, soino natural, others startling and im-
pressive. The South Sea Islander has become
converted to the goapel — the whole continent of
Now Holland, fifty years since u barren wildor-
oesj, has ben partly peopled. The Turk has ro-
:ogniied tho Jew as a human being and a brother ;
>ie has exchanged dress with the Christian.

Within the past fifty years, science has done
onJers for the human race; she has by her dis-
:overies, the facilities she has created, the powers
he has developed, added to the wealth and happi-
less of almost every class in our land. The far-
ner, among others, is indebted to her for his well
onatructed plows, his improved breeds of cattle
nd Bwine, new varieties of seeds and grain, as
rell as trees, shrubs and vines, and his improved
mplements of every kind, from the simple apple-
leeler to the steam threshing machine. Domestic
iconomy too has been indebted to science for im-
loments to add to our convenience and comfort.
!\ritbin the past fifty years, commerce has made
r«tbren and friends of the remote inhabitants of
he earth ; tho cause of peace has, as we trust,
leen progressing ; that of philanthropy and tem-
•nnce is rapidly advancing, and we trust as na-
lone grow wiser, better acquainted, more civilized,
lat vice and ignorance will give place to virtue
nd knowledge, and the horrors of war to the quiet
lessings of peace and good fellowship.

Though wi! have now accomplished what has

ildom been done in this or any other country, as

e believe, the getting op and publication for half

century of a manual, edited by the same person,

ven as unpretending as our modest and homely

Tnual, we do not mean to rest here; should we

? -DEired, we shall go on, as we trust, to a good

:i; and though we may not reach the lOOlh

r of the "Old Farmer's Almanac," yet

ill endeavor to improve as we progress, and

iiitiniie to unfold our yearly budget to our pat-

.ns :i3 long as Providence permits, hoping always

' I them with a srniling face, and ihat they

l be disposed to cut our acquaintance, as a

a dandy would a rusty cousjn from the back-

oiMlfl, because we look, as we pride ourselves in

eking, a littlo old-fashioned, a little (oo indepen-

mt to change our dross for each new-fangled no-

on — a little " t'other side of fifty."

Friends and Patrons ! The form of the editor

ho ha» jogged along side by side with the older

of you for fifty years, will, with many other

now full of life and vigor, before another

llf century, be crumbling in the dust! The

orld that now seerns so joyous, will ere that time

ive passed away from many millions now alive, it

tj be from the reader as well as from ug ; and if

>, may we receive the reward of the pure in heart,

may our sins be forgi\oii uii, and may our virtuvH
be hold in fond rcnionibranco by thuno who have
best known us on earth, and miiy »o pa»a to our
filial account as thoso

" Who wrap lli» drnp' rr "flhoir couch
About Ihsm, ond lio itown lo |ilcnaniil ilnainn!"

ROBKRT n. THOMAS.

Prom ih« Albany CulliTaior.

driven, never bu fed nt unsuasonablo liouri, and
above oil things, never bo allowed lo want for food.

FATTENING ANIMALS.

There are some rules which may be advonta-
geoiisly adopted in feeding animals, ivliicli hiiwev-
or obvious they may he, nre too often past^cd over

or neglected. Some of these will be specified

and

Ist. Tht Preparation of Food. — This should be
so prepared, that its nutritive properties may be all
made available to (he use of the animal, and not
only so, but appropriated with tho least possible
expenditure of muscular energy. The ox that is
obliged lo wander over an acre to get the food ho
should find on two or three square rods — the horse
that is two or three hours eating the coarse food
he would swallow in fifteen minutes, if the grain
was ground, or the hay cut as it should be — tho
sheep that spends hours in making its way into a
turnip, when if it was sliced it would oat it in as
many minutes — the pig that eats raw potatoes or
whole corn, when either cooked, could be oaten in
one quarter of the time now used, may indeed fat-
ten, but much less rapidly than if their food was
given them in the proper manner. All food should
be given to a fattening animnl in such a state, that
as little time and labor as possible, on the part of
the animal, shall be required in eating.

2d. The Food should be in abundance. — From
the time the fattening process commences, until the
animal is slaughtered, he should never be without
food. Health and appetite are best promoted by
change of food, rather than limiting the quantity.
The animal that is stuffed and starved by turns,
may have streaked meat, but it will be made too
slowly for the pleasure or profit of the good farmer.

3d. The Food should be gi'rtn regularly. — This
is one of the most essential points in fooding ani-
mals. If given irregularly, the animal indeed con-
sume.s his food, but he soon acquires a restless
disposition, is disturbed at every appearance of his
feeder, and is never in that quiet state so necessa-
ry to tho taking on of fat. It is surprising how
readily any animal acquires habits of regularity in
feeding, and how soon the influence of this is felt
in tho improvement of his condition. When nt
the regular hour the pig has had his pudding, or
the sheep its turnips, they compose themselves to
rest, with th<; consciousness that their digestion is
not to he unseasonably disturbed, or their quiet
broken by unwonted invitation to eat

4th. The animal should not be heedlesshj intradid
upon between the hours of feeding. — All creatures
fatten much faster in the dark than in the light, a
fact only to be accounted for by their greater quiet.
.Some of those creatures that are tho most irritable
and impatii!nt of restraint while feeding, such as
turkeys and geese, are found to take on fat rapidly '
when confined in dark rooms and only fed at stated
hours by hand. There is no surer proof that a pig
is doing well, than to see him eat his meal quickly
and then retire to his bed, to sleep or cogitate un-
til the liour of feeding returns. .Animals while
fattening should never be alarmed, never rapidly

BEE IS FOR (JATTLR.

.\* cxporiencc, and not speculation, i« whit far-
mers need, I will give my observations in fording
beets 1(1 my co«s during the two pa»t winters.

In lf:<8, I put up about ;I00 bushelo of mangel
wurtzel bpRts, 100 bushels of turnips, and soinr
potatoes, for the purpose of experiiiientiiig in feed-
ing my cattle through the wintor. I knew noth-
ing but what I learned from books, as I was oc-
quainted with no farmers (nor am I yet,) who fed
with roots. .\t first I was nt a loss lo know how
to feed them — whether in a row state or cooked —
but having determined ti> try b<ith plami, I com-
menced the work, and each did well. Young ani-
mals are peculiarly fond of the raw beets, and
thrive astonishingly on them ; but fur cows that
give milk, they are better boiled, parliculorly if a
steamer can be used in the process. Though
milk cows should liave raw beets once in every
two or three days if grass cannot be had.

The turnips and potatoes were given precisely
as the beets: but I could not determine that either
had the preference over tho other, as the cows gave
about the same quantity of milk, and their condi-
tion did not seem changed by either. In feeding
the same animal with beets, it was easily told that
one third less than of the turnips or potatoes would
make them give the same quantity of milk, of bel-
ter quality, and they showed better keep. The
beets made the milk better, the butter better, and
the cows look much better. On one half bu^'hel
of beets per day to each cow, without straw, and a
little meal or bran mixed in, Ihey continued in
good condition through the winter, gave as much
milk as in the summer, and the butter was full as
good as in May. — If'estern pgper.

CAUSES OF THE DECAY OP TURNIPS.

The following is submitted to the opinion of oil
that are interested in the inquiry made in the first
number of the present volume of the New Genesee
Farmer, which ia for the cause of the decay of ru-
ta baga turnips.

I hare come to tlio conclusion that early sowing
in warm seasons, will lead to the true cause. When
turnips are forward in the season, they fail for
want of sufficient moisture during the extreme
wann and dry weather, which aflTects the heart or
centre of the tnrnip, and commences the decay,
whicli first appears by the top turning yellow when
the outside appears sound and healthy. This ef-
fect is produced on largo turnips, when small ones
will escape. Another cause may sometimes be
observed, .\fter the turnip is nearly matured, wtt
weather will produce a new life, and cause them to
crack open, and during warm weather, water stand-
ing in the crevice will cause the decay.

It may be well to stale, that the turnip and cab-
bage tribes flourish best in a climate something
cooler than the summer in this section, and that
warm, dry weather is equally injurious to both.
Therefore, the time of sowing should be delayed
as long as possible, and have them mature before
the winter too nearly approaches, nnless some is
wanted for early use. — Genesee Far.

If we read the history of disordere, we are as-
tonished that men live; if of cures, we are still
more astonished that they die.

148

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

KOV. 10,1841.

CROP OF CORN-STALKS.

Permit me to iiieiilioii an experiment made liy
(iiyaelf at Washington, on the subject of fodder. —
Noticing the statement made in the French poriodi-
cnls, Ihiil the stalks of corn (maize) contained one
half ns much saccharine matter as cane, and know-
ing that my ancestors made their molasses during
tlic revolutionary war from these stalks, I Hoived
four and a half bushels of common corn, broadcast,
and harrowed in the same. This labor was easily
performed by a single man with a team (includ-
ing the plowing) in a day. Having soaked tlie
corn in saltpetre water, it took a rapid start, over-
topped the weeds, and covered the ground with a
forest of stalks. When fairly tasselled, I cut the
same, which I fed to cattle, horses and hogs, both
green and dry. If fed to swine alter being cured.
It was cut and fermented with chop or bran. Be-
ing anxious to ascertain the quantity, I inPasured
a few square feet of the stoutest. I found I had .'5
lbs. of green fodder per square foot; this may not
seem incredible, and it is probably less than what
would grow in rich lands at the West ; if, however,
we consider there are 4;5,5t)0 square feel in an acre,
we shall obtain "217,800 lbs., equal to 108 l-i tons
of green fodder !

I cut the first crop the early part of July,
and plowed and sowed the same land again, and
took a second crop two thirds as large, and even
tried a third on the same land, but it did not reach
over ten inches before the frost seized it. Persons
who have only u small patch of ground may try
this experiment to advantage, and fill their barns
with fodder.

In curing stalks, it is recommended to place tlie
small end upon the ground, with the butts upward,
to guard against the absorption of moisture from
the wet ground. Whoever will try the experiment
of cutting flowers, and putting some on damp flan-
nel, or into water, and hanging up others in the
sun, will see the advantage of curing fodder in the
way I have mentioned. Should any fear the stalks
would not stand upon the small end, a few rows
could bo left to support the remainder. — Won. H.
L. EllawortK

FKNCING AT THR WEST.
The usual mode of fencing at the West is to
make a P'irginia or worm fence. This is made
eight rails high, with a stake and a rider, equalling
ten rails to a paunel. This construction loses of
course much ground in the anglis, which furnish
a nursery for weeds to endanger the fence by con-
flagration from the annual prairie fires ; much is
lost in timber by not taking a straight line, and the
fize of the rails of a Virginia fence is much heavi-
er than is required for post and rail fences. Late
improvements in boring posts and sliurponiiig rails,
have greatly reduced the kind of fence adopted at
the East, where the wants of society have convert-
ed the woodlands into prairies. Transportation of
fencing materials is rarely carted so HJiort a dis-
tance at the East as is nrcessary for the western
settler at present. Posts can bo cut and split (the
wood taken standing, the value of which is nonii-
n\\, where heavy timber can be bought at $4 or $5
per acre,) for M cents per one hundred ; rails can
be split for 02 1-2 cents per one hundred. Not
only is one half to two thirds the timber saved by
adopting post and rail fence, but in carting (a ge-
rious item,) the same advantage is gained. A sav-
ing la effected by throwing up a mound, by run-
ning the eommon plow on both sides of the fence ;

with longer mould-boards it is believed that a ditch board or table, and the seed after being steeped, U
18 inches deep, making an elevation from the bot- be dropped through the sieve thereon, and mixe(

torn ef 2 12 to 0 feet, may be made in this man
ner. Two planks placed at an angle of 18 to 20
degrees, and 12 feet long, will answer the pur-
pose. One plank should run straight in the fur-
row made by the plow ; the other should be wider,
say 12 to IC inches, placed at the above angle ;
a brace in the rear will suffice; handles can be
attached to guide and press the pcraper. The fol-
lowing directions are given in laying out the ditch-
es: Measure off eight feet three inches, plow the
two parallel furrows at this distance, throwing the
furrows both on to the eight feet three inches;
plow two furrows <mi eoch side, then take the scra-
per and thus proceed : first plow and scrape until
the embankment is completed, which will be in six
rounds, that is, six passages on each side; on a
section line, two horses would easily make one
mile of ditch per day; the angle of the ditch may
be about 40 degrees ; the angle should be such as
the other side of the bank will readily turn over.
One horse succeeded perfectly in my experiment
at Washington with the new ditcher. I hope oth-
ers will be profited by my improvements, if such
they shall be deemed to be. — Ibid.

ON SMU r IN WHEAT.
To the Editor of the Mark-lane Express:

Sir Smut in wheat is most probably occasion-
ed by the attack of a small worm or grub, produc-
ed in the dung used for manuring the ground. It
seizes on the root of the wheat when the plant is
starting into ear, and by feeding on the sap ves-
sels which convey nourishment to the ear, and
thereby extracting the juice requisite for perfect-
ing the grain, causes the production of smul. And
this mischief extends to such of the grains in the
ear as immediately derive their nourishment from
the particular vessels in the root, which have been
exhausted or impoverished by the worm.

The use of the pickle or preparation hereafter
described, has been found an etTectual remedy for
preventing this evil ; its ingredients rendering the
seed wheat so nauseous as to deter the worm from
attacking the root. Anil it must also be remarked
that it is equally efficacious in preventing the fly
from injuring young turnips by feeding on the seed
leaf; for if the turnip seed be also prepared or
pickled agreeably to the following instructions,
the fly will make no attack on it — the seed-leaf in
some measure partaking of the offensive nature of
the preparation. The quantity of the following in-
gredients may be suited to the purpose of the
grower : but the due proportion of each ingredient
must be carefully observed:

or rubbed so as to have as thick a coating as pos
Bible.

It may be remarked, that good old dry wheat an
swcrs better for seed thus preparedi, than nev
wheat. I am, sir, yours, &.C.

An Ahndal Sdbscribkr.

From the Vermont Cbiunicle

A VERMONT OAT CROP.
Mr Tracy — I noticed in your paper an accouD-
of Gov. Hill's oat crop this season ; and if any nDai
had produced more, he was invited to cooimunicati
the fact.

I will give you a brief etate.iient of my oat crop*
on the same number of acres, (four.) Ah he gavi'
his manner of cultivation, I will give mine, aa they '
differ in soino respects. .

Our lands were under about equal state of cul
tivation, to begin with. In the season of 1839, mji '■
land was plowed up in the sward. In the moDtl'
of May, 1640, it was plowed and thoroughly harrow- f|
ed ; then twenty loads of good manure were spreaca '
to the acre, and all plowed in to tlie depth of foon
inches, and harrowed down smooth. Then th«<
four acres were planted to potatoes; and I bar
vested 977 bushels from the lot. In the spring o« "
1841, the laud was plowed once, and I sowed 10
busheli of oats upon the four acres. The oatJ*
stood up remarkably well ; but few lodged ; and I'P
think the cause was, that we had no rain to limbei<r
or burthen the stalk after the oata began to fiU'P'
Tlie piece was reaped, and the oats bound in ver
large bundles — so large that it was difficult in
many instances to stook twelve bundles in a stook
I had them stooked in that manner for the purpos*
of counting correctly ; and the result wa^five huttf
drtd and eighlyeiglU slouks, of twelve bundles ta
the stook.

If New Hampshire has beaten Vermont on oatfl
this year, let us know it, and we will try them nex«
season. DRANCEti JUNE.

Brandon, Vt., Oct. 4, 1841.

.Vo/f by the Editor of the Chronicle.— Gov. HWVi
crop from four acres was 27.5 stooks, 12 bundles 1 '
the stook — rather more than half the number
.Mr June's. We should like to know the numln
of bushels in each.

Remark.i of Got: Hill upon the above.

We acknowledge Mr June's crop of oats to b*
as much larger than ours as the soil of VermonV
which makes the Green Mountain boys the great-
est agricultural producers of the Union in propor-

Copperus, 3 oz. ; train oil, i quarts ; oil of tur- ,jg,, ^^ population, is better than that soil of Ne*>

pcntino, 1-2 pint; old chamber ley, 1 gallon; bal
sam of sulphur, 3 oz. ; nitre, 3 oz.; bullock's gall,
1 quart. Bruise and squeeze therein 12 heads of
garlic, nnd add as much soot as will make it thick
and ropy. When all arc mited, pour in two quarts
of bay salt

The longer these ingredients are mixed before
being used, the better; indeed they must stand for
a week before the pickle is used, as their initnediuto
application would defeat the intended object.

The seed wheat or turnip seed must be steeped
in this liquor six or eight hours, then taken out and
thickly coated with the following composition :

Ashes, I peck; soot, 1-2 peck; lime, 1-2 peck;
brimstone in powder, 1 lb. All mixed well to-
gether, sifted through a fine sieve to cover a flat

Hampshire eastward of the Connecticut river.

We have threshed four loads of our oat cro^
and we find the product ninety bushels, making at
the rate of not quito seventy bushels to the acre.
Our crop might have been somewhat larger if dou-
ble the quantity of seed had been put upon the
ground, and the oaU had stood up firmly. Of this, al-
though there was no severe rain to lay them, there
would have been great doubt — for the rank stalkt
fell aa it was where the pile of manure had rested
the previous year. Besides, we encountered here,
us we believe, one of the severest droughts ever
known ; and we have reason to think the drought
this year did little or no injury to Mr June's crop in
Brandon.

The quantity of the Brandon crop of oats would

-VAL- Ti\. Xt). 10.

AND HORTICULTURAL 11 E G I S T K R .

149

leeni 10 bo incredible: if tho bundlci wero the
lixc of oum and as Tull heads, the crop couM be
lardly loss thin ont hundrtd and fifty biuUds lo
St acre '. Practical fanners will bo able lo judge
rhetlicr it be possible lo obtain so much rr»in an
icrc. Mr Juno sowed sixteen bushels of seed
rhcre «e sowed only six bushels : there hivinj;
lOen no rain to limber or burden the stalk after the
«ts began to fill, it is possible tho same ground
light have sustained more than double the quaiiti-
j of oats upon our ground: it would, however, be
mpossible, as we think, for any ground to bear
a ei|ual burden in proportion to the seed sowed.
Tho editor of the Visitor travelled in the month
f .\ii;just, up the Connecticut river valley and
hroujjh the county of Orange, into Washington

»nd back through Windsor county, Vermont, when
le drought in this part of the country was most
CToro. Beyond the region of drought, both in
he valley on the New Hampshire side and upon
he tine green hills of Vermont, to their very tops,
re saw and admired the then growing oal fields.
There wero many highly cultivated fields about
qual to our own — we saw no one field tliat we
houjrht better.

sary, and believe that sheep, with their thick coats
of wool, would bo no inure benefited by shelter
than the down-clad animals of the arctic regions.
But this is a great error. Who has nut observed
thorn, on the approach of severe weather, careful-
ly seeking wlmt feeble protection they could ob-
tain from the storm, by tho side of slacks, or un^ler
open fences ? Would they do this, if it did nut
contribute to their comfort .' Certainly not. What-
ever, thcrel'ore, contributes lo their comfort, de-
mands attention, and whatever causes suffering to
them, should be carefully avoided. Hut by con-
stant exposure in open fields to storms and snow,
they are almost constantly suffering in n greater or
less degree, throughout the long months of winter.
In those countries of Europe which grow large
Huantities of the finest wool, strict attention is giv-
en to this subject, and sheep are not only sheltered
every night, but whenever the weather demands it
during the day; and this is also said to be essen-
tially necessary in preserving the quality and fine-
ness of the wool.

There are various methods by which proper
sheds could be cheaply constructed for this pur-
pose : the following description from Arthur Young,

The permeability and great strength of the Ver- may afford a useful hint to those who may wish to
nont soil on both sides of the mountains, makes it I direct their attention to the subject : — " The late
etlcr for an oat or potato crop than any land we I Gen. Murray's standing folds enclosed an area of
lave ever seen. Immense crops of both have this I 57 yards in length, and 20 broad, containing 1,140
■ - 1 ■ .1 .1 , ir ■• .1. o ' square yards. *' ""'^ r,i.i„j :_ :.

'ear been raised in the north half of that State
Dough surplus to purchase all the Genesee flour
hat the Vermontors may wish to use. Winter

beat is little cultivated in that State ; and the
pfing wheat is so liable to attack from blight or
be weavil, that the farmers do well not to risk

any acres of wheat where the oat and potato crop
so certain. The soil of Vermont, without ma-
lure, gives for several successive years fine crops
if both oats and potatoes. Peas are also easily
aised, and are extensively used for fattening pork.
The Green Mountain soil is in many places So
raitful in grass feed, that cattle,, horses and sheep
lie raised at about half the labor and expense
laually bestowed upon them in the towns nearer to
he seaboard in IMassachusctts and New Hamp-
tbire.

If the Brandon crop of oats have mounted up to
^50 or even 130 bushels to the acre, it will be such

crop as has been seldom witnessed in this or

ny other country Fanner's Monthly Visitor.

WINTERING SHEEP.

It is commonly considered more difficult to win-
.er sheep, than most other domestic animals, and
Jiis is doubtless true to a certain extent. But in
ine cases out often, the want of success is owing
> bad management, which is generally misnamed
lU luck. Sheep, in order to bear the winter well,
ibould first of all be prepared for it, by being kept
n good condition at the commencement. About
Jie first of December, instead of being left to room
)ver the fields, to obtain food from the scanty her-
bage, they should be entirely fed on the preserved
growth of summer. Little nutriment can be found
in grass at this season — besides, what now re-
mains should be left, to prepare it for an early and
igorous growth in spring.

There is one subject which has as yet received
but little attention from our farmers — it is that of
viding suitable sheds for the protection of
iheep from the winter's cold. Now we are aware
tkat many farmers consider this as wholly unneces-

Above 708 ewes were folded in it
at night, and for that number it is more than a
yard and a half for each sheep. All around it was
a shed nine or ten feet wide, and also across the
middle, which latter was open on both sides. A
rack of hay placed against the wall, which was
boarded, surrounded the whole ; and another, which
was double, to be eaten out of on both sides, stood
along the central shed ; under the rack was a small
manger, in which the food was given." In what-
ever way sheds are constructed, it is indispensably
necessary that they be kept clean at all times: to
effect this object, they should be frequently sup-
plied with straw litter, which will absorb all e.x-
creted matters from them, and form valuable ma-
nure.

It is a mistaken notion that water is not necessa-
ry for sheep: the fact that they always drink when
it is supplied to them, proves that it is needed for
the performance of the animal functions, to which
it is as requisite as in other animals. E.xperience
has also proved the correctness of this.

Not only sheep, but all domestic animals which
exist in numbers, should be divided into parcels or
flocks and separated thus from each other ; each
flock to consist of those of nearly equal vigor and
size; by this the weaker one will not suffer from
the domination of the stronger, but will all feed
alike and do well. Particular care should betaken
that old, poor ond diseased shec|) be separated
from tlic rest, so that they may receive more atten-
tion, better feeding and more eflectual shelter.

Thus, by commencing the wintering of sheep in
good condition — by sheltering them from the se-
verity of the weather — by supplying them with
water — by affording the weaker the additional pro-
tection they need — and above all, by intermixing
dry food with a proper quantity of roots, (especially
ruta baga,) — little difficulty will bo experienced in
sustaining them during winter in fine condition,
without danger of the frequent losses, so often at-
tributed to bad fortune only.

The following account of euccessful manage-
ment of sheep, by a gentleman of Philadelphia, is

taken from the Baltimore Carmer, and wpjl ox-
plains the socrul which many kuppusc the ait con-
sists in : " On Mr Bnrncy'it Into visit In this city, I
put the quuntion to him, wherein conaislod his iiu-
perior iimnageiiient of sheep ? Ho gave tho fol-
lowing reply : He said u gentleman visited hiui not
long since, and on going lo his sheep yard and
viewing it, asked him the same question. He
showed at that lime, from fifty ewes, upwards of
sixty lambs, all lively and brisk, with a loss, I
lliink, of throe or four. Tho gentleman observed
to him that he had his shed covered with dead
lambs ; and asked wherein the secret of breeding
lay. Mr Barney observed to him, "you stuff your
sheep with dry food r" " Yes, as much good clover
and hay as they will e:il," was the reply. " You
('ive them no water, but suffer them to go out in
liiiiu of snow, and cat it as they are disposed to do ?"
"Yes." "Then," said Mr Barney, "there lies the
secret. Your sheep fill themselves wiili dry hay ;
they gel no water; and they have not a sullicicBl
supply of gastric juice to promote the digestion of
the bay in the stomach ; lliey cannot raise it to
chtw the cud ; they lose their appetite, are thrown
into a fever, and cannot bring forth their young —
or they bring forth a feeble, starved lamb, that falls
offnnd dies on the tirst exposure to the cold and
rain. On the contrary, I take care to provide rny
sheep with good clear water in summer and win-
ter. I feed them regularly with hay through the
winter, and give them ruta baga and mangel wurt-
zel every day. The ewes produce nie 120 per
cent, increase in lambs. You cannot," says Mr
Barney "gel along without ruta baga and mangel
wurlzel." — Western Farmer.

PLAN TO REMOVE STOMPS.

The Western Farmer and Gardener contains a
communication upon the subject of removing slumps,
and as the machinery is cheap, simple, within tho
means of every farmer's procurement, and, as we
believe, will prove efficient, we copy the descrip-
tive part of the paper:

" Procure a dry, red-elm lever, about twenty
feet long, and about six to eight inches in diame-
ter— a good stout log-chain, with two yokes of ox-
en ; this 18 all the machinery that is necessary.
The mode of operation is thus : Wrap the log
chain around the stump a little above the ground,
and make what is called a log hitch ; lay the lever
horizontally, on the ground, large end next to the
chain and against the slump ; make the other end
of the chain fast to ihis end of the lever, drawing
the lever tight against the stump ; the cattle are
hitched to the small end of the lever, and driven
around the stump in a circle of which ihe lever ia
the radius. One revolution of the oxen around the
stump will generally twist out the largest of them,
but should not the power thus applied be sufficient
to move the stump, the side roots may be uncover-
ed and cut partly oft"; after this is done, the stump
will be easily removed. You will find this plan
much preferable to any 'patent stump extractor'
that you may have seen puffed in the papers."

Influence of Colored Glass on Bulbous Roots. Put
a bulb, as a hyacinth, narcissus, &c., into a white
glass, ond another into a purple glass : the latter
will grow faster than the former; and if a pinch of
salt or a piece of nitre be put into the water when-
over it is changed, the brightness of the color of
the flower will be considerably increased.

160

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

Jft^V. 10, 1841,

am) horticultl'rai. rkoister.
Boston, Wedkzsdat, Notimber 10, 1841.

aclioii Dlriiiiis, nndlVosls and windc, ihey will become
so (flTic iiiallv (liliUuiI, that no one need fear to apply
them in llie greaicst profusion. — But if any one can so
far depart from old usage as to preserve tlie strength of
his summer manure, vie will hint to him that it may be
well cither to leave it where it is, on the bottom of his
barn yard unlit spring, or put it in as compact a heap as
possible, and so cover it with leaves, straw, muck, soil
or the like, as to preserve it from the weakening influen-
ces of the weather.

But by some the contents of the yard are destined to a
different application. Their custom is to spread the
umrner manure upon their mowing lands —They will

PREPARATION FOR WINTER

Tlie harvp9lin» of the crops of the neason is now nca
ly over. Bui there is much which the prudent husband-
in.in may tind to do after his cr"|is are housed

Protrcliiiu of Cellar and Buildings against Cold. —
Where ciiibankincnts around the house or barn are need-
ed, let llrein be mode before the winter is fully upon ] °" " 7 ■ "^i ""j ''j .i, f,„u .n^

tu, ici >. V ., put tlie compoBi in heaps a rod asunder in the held and

^l_;- 1. :_ .1 ^ ..... ..««:l.. t.«rn*A llrn Aorth IB I ' ' '

VVii look upon this as

ly. We prefer spreading directly from the

cart. We prefer this, because in this way the dressing

you ; this woik is .lone more easily before ihe earth is | ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^.
firmly frost-bound ; and when ,lone, it puts the "Vvner i ^_,_^^ ^,^^^^ We prefer

fi
ofhi

il land stores at ease, so far as relates to the in-

oress of frost, — Not ihe cellars and house alone, but the i , .u i j i. ;= ;mnn=

B'"" "' "" ' ' ] may be spread If. ore evenly over the land. It is impos-

barn tlso slioiild be made as comfortable as possible
Ifone objects to keeping domestic an imals very warm — j
and perhaps ihere is no benefit in great warmth — there j
certainly cm be no sound objection to protecting them
from currenis of cold winds wl ich sweep ihrriiigh the
cracks on tlie sides of too many barns. This exposure
to such currents, which blow upon parts of the body on-
ly, is more ur.coinfortable and more harmful than expo-
sure to those whrch blow upon the whole body. We
should be as willing that a cow should' be exposed to
all the winds which might blow upon her in an open
shed as to mke such as would come immediately upon
her through a crack half an inch wide in the boarding
of the barn. If you cannot make the boarding nearly
tii'ht in any other way, you probably can find means to
batten. This may be »dnne by Licking shingles, clap-
boards, or boards over the cracks around the leanto, on
either the inside or oulsidc of the boordtng. If you
have* little prop<r prido which makes you slightly
ajhanied In put them on tho outside, where every passer
liy can sec Ihein — then put them wilhin. This will add
much to the comfort of your cows and oxen — and com-
fort is very economical food.

The Hone. — This animal does best in a warm stall in
the cold winter nights, and a pood blanket does him no
harm. Indeed he will improve more in appearance by
sleeping under a blanket, than by eating an additional
quart of grain per day.

Piirs It is difficult to make them tlirive unless they

are protected from the cold. In a good warm cellar,
Btoro pigs will pain from 30 to .50 per cent, more durini;
the winl(-r months upon the same keeping, than they
will in a common pip-pen above pronnrl. Where a
farmer keeps half a dozen store swine, their additional
growth will pay him the interest on IfiO dollars outlay
in fixing for them a good warm cellar inlo which little
if any frost shall enler. If this cellar shall receive the
manure from the horse stable, the pijrs will get from
that an invigorating and nutriliocis warmth. Do the
best you can to keep your pigs warm. Do it for mercy's
sake — and do it for profit's sake

Cotes. — .\s soon as the nights grow quite cool, let
your milch cows have shelier, lither in the barn or in
good sheds Sensations of cold and shivering are never
nccoiiipanied by a good flow of milk.

Manures. — The present month requires much atten-
tion to preparation for tho winter's manure. Most far-
mers have now to clean out their boni-yurds. The con-
tents will be put in heaps in the field, where they may
lie mixed in the spring with fresh manure from the barn
or hog yard, and then used for planting corn. Here,
that is in the open field, they have a fine opportunity for
throwing oil all the liquids and gases, which might make
'hem too powerful for tho young plants ; here, under the

sible, especially if the niaterial lies in heaps on the field
over winter, to avoid leaving more of the sirenpth
where the heap was diopped than on other paits of llie
land. If however the team is much wanted for other
purposes, it inny oflui be well to drop the top-dressing
in heaps.

Af^er the yard has hnen cleared out, it is to be forth-
willi covered over from six to twelve inches deep with
the best material for compost which the farm affords.
Leaviis from the woods, muck from the swamps, soil
from the roadside or something else, every good farmer
will put in, for his cattle to trample upon and enrich
during the winter months. — And these who can pile up
or house some light substances which will not freeze
compactly — and thus have them on hand to be scattered
over iJie yard from week to week, will find this a bet-
ter course than to put the whole in at once in the Au-
tumn.— In the preparation of our own small barn during
the past summer, we have contrived so 4lial one corner
of the cellar iiiny bo filled- with meadow mud, and d.-^ily
mixed with the droppings of tho cattle and then worked
over by the swine. If our protections against frost are
siillicieni, wo expect to make manure with more success
during the freezing months than is done on most farms.
Shoul<l our plan be approved by our readers, they will
take a hint .ind prepare to do likewise at the first con-
venient opportunity.

.lutumnal plowing. — It is- often recommended, and
probably with sufficient reason, to tarn up with the plow
ill Autumn, tile lands which have been tilled during the
past season. The mellowing and fertilizing inliueiic
of frosts upon the land when thrown into furrows, is
greater we may suppose than if it is suffered to lie in the
position it was in when the crop was taken from the
held. This operation exposes the eggs of insects to the
destroying action of culd. In some seasons — (open win
ters, with little snow and many freezings ami ihawings)
ihe plowing of quack lands in the autumn will kill the
quack grass. But in winters more steadily cold ihis
grass lives and grows tho more profusely the following
spring for having been plowed. — We know of no process
by which it can be killed hut that of pasturing or feed-
ing. It will all die out under the tongues and Itelh of
grazing aiiiinals, in the course of llirua or lour summers.
Why, we caiiiiut tell.

Some prefer breaking up sward in the autumn tiiat is
intended for planting the f.rllowing year. Others choose
to break up late in the Spring. We have for several suc-
cessive years, tilled where part of the field was broken
up late in November, and the other part about the first ol
May. And so far as the amount of cri>p aod Ihe pres-
ence of worms goes, we have never been able to see any
difference, though our attention has been directed to
these points. The advice « hich our experience diclnles

therefore is, to break up such lands in Ihe aui umn il
there is lime to do it without neglecting other work that
cannot be put off. For at this season of the year your-
team will do the work with less exhaustion than in May;
and the having the work done in advance is an impof
lant step in facilitating the accomplishments of the Spring
work.

If any farmer is bold enough to venture upon an ex-
periment with the subsoil plow, a day or two in the au-
tumn can on most farms be more conveniently devoted
to this toilsome process, than tho days of Spring,
Where we used this instrument last May, our groundr>
were preserved by its use from any pinchings by tbo
drought in summer, when all the contiguous grounds,
suffered, though not severely. On the farm of the Hon.
R. C. Winlbrop, in Wenham, which is under the man-
agement of Win. R. Putnam, the sub-soil plow was run
several times across through the cenlre of his cornfield
and also through the cenlre of his carrot ground. Wei
have watched the effects, and it is the opinion of all the
workmen on the place, and we concur in it, that, each
of the crops was improved quite perceptibly. Why not,.
Mr Kditor, why not, as vou ask us to measure crops and
ascertain results with accuracy — why did you not meas-
ure and delermino the exact benefit of subsoil plowing.'
Because the hail storm of June 'iO, was very irregular iai
thinning our growing plants. We could find no two,,
otherwise suitable pieces for ineasiiremcnt, on which we
could suppose that the number of stalks or roots was any
thing near equal.

PRESERVING ROOTS— ERRATUM.
In our account, Oct, 27, of Capt. Chandler's methodll
of keeping roots in beds— we stated that he covered then
pile with sea-weed or leaves to the thickness ol a foot
This was a mistake — 3 or 4 four inches is his depth. A,
foot he says would cause the roots to heat too imich. '

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Exhibition of Fruits, Oct. 29th.
From M. P. Wilder— Bleeker's Meadow, Passe Col.
mar, Buffuni, Duchtas d' Angouleme, Beurre Uiel aodll
Gloul Morceau Pears.

From Wm. Oliver — St Michael Pears.
F'rom John Prince — a specimen of Co:n — probably i
new variety — of good promise.
For Ihe Committee,

BENJ. V. FRENCH. ,i

IO=Mr C. W. James, of Cincinnati, Ohio, (oflBce ao^
residence on Harrison street, east of Bruadwav,) is aU'"
thorized to collect money and receive new subscribei^i
lor the 'New England Farmer and Horticultural Regis'
tor. He will be assisted by H. M. Lewis, IVI. Meeker,
mid James R. Smith. Receipts of either will be good.

Worms in flower pots may bo destroyed by watering
the soil with lime-water. Too much must not be used,
nor must it touch the plant. Powdered charcoal assisif
tlie growth of the Cactus family. Decayed leaves of a
plant, ju,it buried undvr the surface of the earth, form

an excellent compost, on the homapathic principle.

The leaf of the sime plant is best for each. — Eztract.

Twenty thousand bushels of potatoes havo been pur-
I based in this village for < xportation, during the jiast
week. As they bring two shilliiigs per bushel, qiiiek,
when delivered heie, farmers have thus carried into the
country in one week, from the sale of this product of
Ihvir farms, nearly seem thousand dollars. — Halloieell
Cultivator. ,

I

TOL. XX, .>-<>. 18.

A N D li 0 R T I C U L T L' I( A I. R F. C, I S 'I' K R .

i.n

rilKK.\U).MKIIll« Al,

KrpurlcJ l»I lllF .Nrw bllfUlKl huniirl.

Ran^eitfiltp rhprmonielrrni the <iiir«!tiinl llir proprirrom
afitie i\ew Enf|l»nil Fanmr. llriihton, Uau. in * nhKlud
Norlhcrly px|iu>ure, week enninj Nov. 8,

~Nov. 1841. TeyA.M. I 12. M". \6j.M. | WinH^

W.

w.

s. w.

S. E.
N. W.
N. W.

N.

Mon,).vv,

I

Tlu-Mlav,

3

Wriliid^ilay,

Thur>day.

Kri.lav,

Sol irJav,

*i...luv.

63

7'

f.3

64

C-l

&S

43

53

47

36

60

49 1

43

49

43 1

3-i

47

43

35

44

3S 1

HIUliHTON MARKKT— Mosi.AT, Nov. 7, \><4\.
Rrpnnril rutllir .Nrw k:n|lin(l Farinrr.

At .Market 2700 Unci CaUle, 1100 Stores, 4tiOO .Sheep
uvl 555 Swine.

i'mcca — Beef Cattlt — We quote lo correnpond with
lait week. First quajilv,$5 .50 n (iOO. Second quality,
l4 50 a S 25. TliiLlquality $3 00 a 4 25.

Biirrrlling Cattle.— We qtiole Mess $4 25. No. 1,
3 12. No. 2, |2,50.

Stores. — Two year M $8 a 15. 'I'hreB year old, fU
, 24.

S-hccp. — Dull. Sales were maile at lbs following
rices, $0 75, $1 03, f 1 25, $1 58, $1 88, $2 00, and
^23.

Swint. — Lotd to peddle, 3 l-'i a 3 3.4 for sows, and 4
1-2 a 4 3-1 for borrows. At ret.iii, 4 a 5 1-2.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrtcted ititfi great care, vieekly.

SGGDS. Herds Grass, $3 23 to 3 50 per bushel. Red Top>
0 to 65 cents. Clo»er — Northern, 13c. — Southern, ID c.
■lax Seed, %\ 37 to I 5D bu. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb. Cn-

try Seed, not a bushel in the market.

FLOUR. There has heeo a fair demand for floiK through-
at the week. Sales 3000 bbls. Genesee, common brands,
losing ai 86 31 from vessels, and 86 37 from stores ; fancy
tands t« 44 a 6 10; 400 bbls. Georgetown, S6 37, 4 mns';
lOO do. eitra brand do, *6 60, 4 mos ; 400 bbls Krederirk?
ur^ mountain, for export, S6 44, 4 niobj COO do. Philadel-
hiadodo. $6 SU. 4 mos; 200 do. Howard street, Se- 37, 4
nos; 300 do. Baltimore Wharf, 86 37, 4 mos. It is under-
lood that all the mills in western New Vork ceased grind-
igOD the 6(h iust. by mutual agreement, being about two
reeks earlier than uttual.

Baltimore Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 8» 37 a G SO— dn.
•harf, 86 37— do. free of garlic, 86 37 a 6 50— Philadelphia
lO. 4 mos. 86 37 a 6 SO — l">edericksburg, lowered, 4 mos.
i 37 — Aleiandria, wharf mountain, S6 31 a 6 37— Genrge-
»wn, 86 60 a b 76 — Ricluuouu Ciiudi, 86 37 — do. Ciiy,
r 00 a 7 25 — Petersburgh, So. side, 87 00 — Genesee, com
no, cash, 86 31 a 6 37— do. fancy brands 86 44 a C 50—
ihio, via canal, 86 23 — Indian Meal in bbls., S3 50.

GRAIN.— Cora-Northern, bushel 74 to 76— Round Yel-
iw 72— Southern Flat Yellow 70~White do 61. — Rye
lorthem 75 to 73— Oats— Southern 48 to 60 -Northern
tto64.

PROVISIONS. The sales of new Beef consist of 10 or
BOO bbls. Mess, at 9 a SO 25 per bbl ; 600 bbls. were taken
|y one dealer from another, on speculation, al 39 per bbl., 3
Br cent, off for cash. The sales of pork have been at some
•duction on late quotations; and by auction, to-day, 26 bbls.
less 89 23 a 9 37 ; 74 do. prime, 87 per bbl. 4 nios ; 40 bbls.
Vestero Prime Beef, ordinary, 82 60, cash.

Beel— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. #9 00 a 9 23 — Navy— 88 00 a
50— No. I 87 00 a 7 50— do Prime S3 25 a 5 30— Pork—
lllraclear, 4 mo. bbl. 313— do Clear 8l2^-do Mess 89 50
10 00— do Prime 87 51) a 8 50— do Mess from other States
>(H)a 10 00— do Prime 87 00 a 8 00— Clear 812 00.

HAY, per ton, 818 to 20- Eastern Screwed 817 to 18.

CHEESE— Old 4 to 6 c— New 5 to 7.

EGGS, 14 a 16.

WOOL. Outy. The ralue whereof at the place of ex-
ortation shall not exceed 8 cts. per pound, free. All where-
rthe value exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and

cts per pound.

The transactions in this article have been to a fair extent
rithoul any change on prices.. The supply of most descrip-
lOns 18 equal to the demand. The stock of pulled is rather
mit«d. An import of 40,000 lbs. Buenos Ayres, the last
Dportation, has been sold, price not public— the precise
irms not being definitely settled at the close of the present
iport.

Wime or Saxony Fleece.", washed, lb. 49 a 30 c. — Amer-
an full blood, do 43 a 43--D0. 3 4 do 40 a 42— Uo. I -2 do
( a 36 — 1-4 and common do 30 a 33 —Smyrna Sheep,
•shed, 30 a 27 — Dn. unwashed, 10 a 14— Kengasi do

a 10 — Saxony, clean, — Buonos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —

luperfine Northern pulled lamb 42 a 43 — No. I do. do. do.

a 40— No. 2 do do do 2S a 30- No. 3 do do do IB a 20.

i>irr( II ui i.iis.

'I'lie subscribers Wuuld iiiforin Ibeir Iriomli .uiJ cuvluiner'.
ihal they have jusi ri-cened a splendiil n>onriineni of Dutch
llulbs, cnnsistinR of double aad muKle Hyacinths of all rnl«r>.,
Pnl^anllius, NnrciHsns Gladiolus, I. rocu», I'rown Iniiiermls.
Tulips, double and single. Iris, A.'e. Sic , uiirrniileil in be of
anc quality. Kor sale hy JOSKPII IIRF.CK & fO.

Nov. 10.

iircKTiinniVB wantrd.

The subscribers would like to piinhn^e in.iiOO nuekthorn
pInniH, .1 vears old. Apply at the New England Farmer
Oliice. Nos. 61 and 62 North Market slrect. J'SEPH
BKKCK it CO. Nov. 9.

Hrighton, KKAn Boston,
Sitiiatetl on the line nf the Boston and H'orceatrr Rail
lloiid,--h milts from the city.
The Proprietors of this extensive nursery lieg
leave to inlorm their friends and llic public, that
ibey are ready to furnish onlers to anv amount,
for Forest Trees, indigtmious and exotic

Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of
Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. iic.
Vines— Shrubs, Green House Plants, &c.
Catalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery.
Trees carefully packed, to ensuro safety in long Toyages.
Orders left at the New England Seed Store of J. Breck &
Co. Nos. 51 and 52, North Market street, will be delivered
the day following.
Letters containing ordets: addressed to the subscribers,

J. & F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseries, Oct. 27, 1341.

CAMBRtDGEPORT KURSERY.

SAMUEL POND has for sale, at his Nra-
f:sRV, Columbia' Street. Cambridgpport. Mass.
a choice assortment of Fruit Trcen, .Sftrufts,
Ii'onls and Vines. Among them are the best
varieties of .ipple. P(?ar, Plum, Cherry, Peach
Apricot, Grape Vines, Asparagus Rhobarb, Pear Stocks,
Apple do., Plum do.; Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries,
&c. >Vc. Trees of an extra size always on band.

All orders leli at the Nursery, or at JOSEPH BRECK
& CO.'S Boston, will be filled the sucreeding day, carefully
packed, to go with safety to any part of the country.
Oct. 27 6w

FRUIT AND ORNAMEKTAL. TREES, Ac.

NUR3EBY or WILLIAM KE.S'RICK, SO.NHSTir.M HILL,

O/" Pcarfv and Pear Trees, nf Plum and
Cherry Trees a collection unrivalled in any
J former year f^.- ci;ens;ve numbers of uiie irees,
of those most highly productive; and valuable,
of new and finest kinds.
Gooseberries of first quality. Apples, Quinces, Nectarines,
Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Currants, Strawber-
ries, &c. Slc.

The new abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will lie sent to all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shruhn, Honeysuckles, (f-c. Splen-
did varieties of Double Yellow Harrison and other Roses,
of Tree Pieonies, of Herbaceous I'eeonies, and other flower-
ing plants— nf Double Dahlias, &c. Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur Thorns, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended 10; and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in mails and moss for safe Iransporlalion to all dis-
tant places, by land cr sea, and delivered in the city freeol
charge for transporting by the wagon whicli is sent thither
daily, or orders may be left at the Stand at No. 44 Congress
St, Boston,

WILLIAM KENRICK.
Nonantum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. 6. 1341.
eptDl Oct. 2T

IVAI.KER'S TULIPS.

For sale by the subscribers a fine assortment of Walker's
splendid Tulips from 81 to 3 per do2. Also, Crown Imper-
ials, Narcissus, Hj-acinlhs, &c.

Oct 20. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY ORAUGHT PtOUGH.

(ireul iiiiprnvein.niH lijive I.e.,, ninile the pnsi year in the
form unri workinanvhip o( ilie-e Pbinghs j the miiuld !.< aril
has been so funned as to /ni/ the furrme romjtirtcly nrer
tuminr in rrery particle of grasi or MuMe, andienring Ikt
/fTound in the best possible m.inncr. The lenelb of llw
mould board has Im n very much increnne-rf, •» that ih»
Plough works willi ihe grealen ease, both wiih resprct lo
the holding and ihe learn. The Uominiltee at the late trmi
of Ploughs al Worcester, say,

" .''bonld our opinion be asked as 10 wbieb of the Ploughs
we shnuld prefer bir use on a larm, we might perhaps saj 10
the inquirer, il your land is inoKiiy light and e,isy to woik,
try Pronty & Muars, but if your land is heavy, luirj orrocl.y,

BEGIN WITH Mn. HoWARO's. '■

Al the above me'.f.oned trial the Howard Plough did
more leork, vith the same paver of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No other loriied more than Hv<.n|v«../(.n
and one half inches, to lire 112 lbs. draught, while lb*
Howard Plough twncd Cteenlyninc and one half inrhes. tc
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantiDlly
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on Ihe shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can bo renewed without
having to furnish a newfandside. this shoe likewise secures
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens llw
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo 8|5. A Ploneh,
sufficient for breaking up with four catlle, will cost abmit
8io 50, and with culler 81, with wheel and cutter, 82 HO
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesute and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stoic,
Nos. 51 & 62 Nor:h Market Street, bv

JOSEPH BRfCK & CO.

.SUN DIALIBl

Just received a few of Sheldon ii. .\fo*re's. Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purp-^seHif giving the lime
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cests. For sale by
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 51 and 52 North M»rket St.

Sept I.

GRI?rDSTONES.

An eTt'"i''ive''«fC'trT»."t of Water and Hand Grindstcoes
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBARD
&C(5. 13 Lewis's Wharf isly. Nov. 17.

L'ETAIliO L.IIMIS.

Farmers in want nf Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find il greatly to their advantage to try the St. George Co's.
L'Elang Lime, said lo be superior for that purpose 10 anr
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID D.AVIS,
over ihe Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston.

Sept. S. 3in

FRANCONIA RASPBERRIES.

For sale a few hundred fine plants of this celebrated Rasp-
berry Inquire at this office. 3w Oct. 13

EOMUND T. HASTINGS A CO.
Pmra S|ionn Oil.

No. toi Stale St, keep constantly for sale. Winter, Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of the best quality and to bum witboM
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Bostou, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

I>RAFT ANU TRACE CHAINS. '^

Just received by Packet Coromandn,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
2011 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,'
IS'o. 52 North Market St. Apriltl .:\

TYrt rP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Cnromanda, 500 Chains for Xj*-
ing up Cattle.

^hese chains, introduccpl by E. H. Debbt, Esq. of .Salem,
and Col. Jacoues, for the purpose of securing cattle to tha
siali,are found t« be the safest and most convenient moil*
of fastening cows and oxen lo the sianchinn.

For sale bv J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market si.

TRANSPLA.^TINO.

The autumn is prefered to the spring by
many nursery men and orchardists, lor trans-
ilanling hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
"■lums. The present is a less busy season than
the Spring, and those who intend lo purchase
trees caii probably gel a better arlicle and obtain it with
more disprtieb now than next April. The frosts have
already been sufficient 10 destroy the foliage, and the opera-
lion of transplanting may be done with safely.

We can supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plum, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs at Nursery
prices, and pack to send with safety to any part of the Coun-
try. All orders faithfully oUended to.
Oct. 37. JOSEPH BRECK &. C).

152

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

wov. 10, i8«ir.

MISCELLANEOUS

From the N.Y. Herald.

TO THE HON. JOHN aUINCY ADAMS.
On reading his beautiful poem on the " Wants of Man

SY C080L1.A IIVACINTHZ BENNET.

Your wants, clear sir, will seem but small,

Wlicn they're comiiared with mine;
My single tran( outweighs them all —

I tfan< a soul like thine.
For a'l the wants that you may find,

And yet ten thousand more,
Can never satisfy a mind

So filled with wisdom's store.

I want a finut that in a span,

Can grasp the orbs on high ;
The only essence of the man,

That is not doom'd to die.
I want a place in yonder sky,

Where you and I may meet,
To sing the praise of God on high,

And worship at his feet.

" You do not " want the voice of praise i'*

It follows yo» behind —
You will be thought, in future dayt,

The friend of huniaD kind.
And after ages, a*lhcy rife,

Kxulting will proclaim,
la choral union tofthe skies.

Their blessings aa your name.
September \ath, 1841.

HINTS TO PARENTS AND THE SCHOOL
MASTER.

'I'lie following excellent hints are from a work
entitled "The Fk:onomy of Health," by Jamoe
Johnson, of London, one of the most eminent phy-
sicians of the age. He is epeakinfj of what he de-
nominates "the second septenniad" of liunian life,
embracing the period of youth between the ages of
7 and 14 years : —

"Schools. It is in this septenniad, which may
be styled par eiceltence, the scholastic, that the
seeds of much bodily ill and moral evil are sown.
In this, and often in the latter part of the first sep-
tenniad, the powers of the mind are forced, and
those of the body are crippled The progress of
civilization, literature, science and refinement has
rendered tins state of ihinps unavoidable. It may
be mitigated, but it cannot be prevented. Knowl-
edge is power. Bodily strength is now of little
use in the struggle for power, riches and fame :
mental nciiuiremeiits and endowments are now all
in all.

Those who are likely to mix much with their
fellow-creatures during their sojourn in this world,
had better begin torjo so in a public school. Knives
are sharpened by being rubbed against each other:
80 are intellects. The flint and the pIpcI will not
emit sparks unless they come into collision : nei-
ther will brains. The coldest marble and the ba-
sest metal will glow with heat by friction; and the
solid oak will burst into flame by the same opera-
tion. The emulation of the school room will call
energies into action that would otherwise lie for-
ever dormant in the human mind.

Whether the scholastic institutions be large or
small, public or private, one radical evil is sure to
pervade the system of education pursued therein ;
namely, (atid I cannot repeat it too often,) the dis-

proportion between exercise of the mind and exer-
cise of the body — not merely as respects the sum
total of each species of exercise, but the mode of
its distribution. The grasp at learning is preter
natur::l, overreaching and exhausting. The les
sons imposed on youth are too long ; and so, of
course, are the periods of study. The consequence
is, that the lesson is not got well, because it is
learned amid languor and fatigue of the intellect.
The grand principle of education is, or ought to
be, the rapid and the perfect acquisition of small
portions of learning at a time, the punctual premi-
um being the interval of play. In this way, the
idea of knowledge would be constantly associated
with that of pleasure; and each impression on the
juvenile mind being vivid and distinct, would con-
sequently be lasting.

But if the periods of stuidy in the first years of
the second septenniad, were reduced in length, as
well as in the whole daily amount, I am far from
thinking that the sum total of elementary learning
acquired during the sciioiaslic septenniad would
thereby be diminished. What is lost in letters
will be gained in health; and this profitable ex-
change may enable the youth to sustain those in-
creased exertions of the intellect which devolve on
ulterior stages of scholastic and collegiate disci-
pline. It is to he remembered, also, that a majori-
ty of pupils are designed for oilier than the learned
professions, and to them a modintm of health is of-
ten of more value than a magnum of literature.

No public school should bo without a play-
ground; and no play-ground without a gymnasium
of some kind, for the lighter modes of athletic ex-
•Toise. Tl..: :v.-;i;^-;ng c,'-,"?r-!tus at the iiiilitary
asylum in Chelsea, (Eng.) seems well calculated
for effecting that combination of active and passive
exercise, so peculiarly adapted to the human frame
in the present stale of civilization and refinement.
We have more mind and less muscle than the Lace-
diEinonians : and therefore art must accomplish
wh:it slron-th fails to do. !t is in a more advanc-
ed period of life that passive exercise is to be pre-
ferred to active : in the second septenniad, the lat-
ter should have the preponderance. In all gym-
nastic exercises, however, great regard should be
paid to the constitutions of individuals. There are
some youths, with whom disposition to oflcctions
of the heart and great blood vessels prevails; and
to these, all strong exercise is injurious. Those,
also, who are predisposed to pulmonary complaints,
must be cautious of athletic exercises."

GRKEN'S PATENT STRA'W CUTTKB.

JOSEPH BRECK &^ CO. al iheNew England Agrieul •*
loral Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and.'iZ ISorlh Mar
k«t Street, have lor sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay an<'
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not befon
applieJ loony implement for this purpose. The most prom
inent effects of this application, and some of the canset|ueD'
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a reduction of the quanimn of power requisil*
to use 11. that the strength of a half grown boy is sutncieol'
to work It efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bush-,
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimeill 1
by any other machine even when worked by horse or steajn ^
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which they
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any other
straw cutler. ,

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and pi&
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as tbn »
complicated machines in general use to get out of order.

APPL.B PARBKS.

Just received at the New Ensland Agricultural Ware-

ll

house, No 51 and ,';2 North Market Street, a good supply od i
Slanlnfs Superior Apple Parern, a very useful article. VVith|E
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pared i
a very short time in the best possible manner, iind with
saving of ihe airple, as the outsides may be taken ofl'ai^anya
required thickness. The above is also (or sale at N P. H
WILLIS', No 45 North .Market Street, SCl'DDER, COR-'-
DIS &. CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.
Sept. I 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

LiAOrOJUKTERS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural War**!
house. No. 61 and 62, North Market St., a few sets of La&-1
loineiers, for testing the quality ol ii.ilk. "'

June 23 JOSEPH BRECK & CO. '

Orde

eive f

RIIVCR'S NL'RSBRIES AND OARUBNS.

The New Catalogues arc now ready for diaJ*
Iribution ffralis lo all who apply, post paid, per"'
il. They comprise an immense assnrimeotf
ol t-'ruus and Ornamental Trees, .Shrubbery,'
nd Plants, Bulbous Flower Roots, and Oahliaa,'
House Plants, Garden Seeds, Sic, all of which aic
much reduced prices.

rs, per mail, to WM. R. PRINCE, Flushing, will rt-
rompt attention. 4teow Sept. 8

The Rfin Dekb. The speed of therein deer
is very considerable, and his power in supporting
the fatigue of a long journey, very great. His
pace, ascertained by an rxpcriment over a short
distance, is nineteen miles an hour. Remarkable
anecdotes arc told of the Bwiftne.<8 with which rem
deer jouniies have been performed. In one in
stance, in Jtiy,), an officer who carried Ihe news of
an invasion from the frontiers of Norway to Stock-
holm, went with n single rein deer and sledge, a
dislnnco ot SM) miles in 48 hours — averaging 17
\-'i miles per hour. The faithful animal dropped
down dead ut the end of his journey.

He that will not permit his wealth to do any
good to others while he is alive, prevents it from
doing any good to himself when he is dead ; and by
an egotism which is suicidal, cuts himself ofl" from
the truest pleasure here, and the highest happiness
hereafter — Lacon.

UltllKDSrO.VBS, ON FRICTION R01.LERS.

Gnuilstones of dilTerenl sizes hung on friction rollers aad
nuived with a fool Ireader, is lound to be a great iinprove-
nieiil OH ihe present mode of hanging grindsloncs. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders tbem
V( ry easy to turn with the loot, by which the labor of one
mail is saved, and the person in the acl of grinding, caa
govern the slune more lo his mind by having the complete
control ol his work. Stones hung in Ihis manner are be-
fninui:' daily inure in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can be attached to stones bun
in the common way.

for sale i.y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., No». 61 ?.^ li
Noiih Market Boston. Jul\ t

FBNCR CHAINS.

lived from Kngland, 10,000 feel Chains, su
pnr|iascs. For «ale by J. BRK.i
Apri

CO., No. 62 North Market at.

NEW ENGLAND FA R M E R .

A WF.KKLT I'APER.

The Kditorinl department iil'thiN papor having; coma
into iho hands oftliB siibsrribir, lie is now antb'inzed
by till- publishers to inform the public that tlin price of
the pnper is reduced. In future the terms will hi; $t
pir veai ill advance, or |(2 &U if not paid within thirty
diiys. ALLEN PUINAM.

N. H.^Postmnslnrs are required by law to frank all
sibscripUona niid reniiltnnccs for newspnjmrs, without
expense to aubscribers.

TOTTLB AND DKItlfETT, PMNTERS.

AND 11 O U T 1 C U L T U It A L R E G I S T E K .

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BR&CK fc CO., NO. Si NOUTH M.IRKET STRKliT, (Aoiiicuitubai. War«mou.£.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, KDITOK.

BOSTON. WEDNKSDAY ?:VENING, NOVEMBER 17, 1841.

ino.

N. E. FARMER

• TURNED FARMER.

An article in Blackwood'* Magaiinc, 18.19, was
jighly ciilcrlauiinjr wlieii we read it, soon alter its
ippcarancc. Wo have turned back to it. and find
,t so po«d llint we elinll till the most of our col-
jmns Willi It tins week. Here our readcra mil
Snd a !,"•'"' anlidolo to the many published articles
vhicli are calculated to draw inexperienced men,
jf small means, into liie purchase ol"a farm.

The pursuit oi' agriculture is certainly a good
>De for those who understand it, and itIio have
itruog arms to aid Uiein in the work : it is also one
)f the best luxuries of those who have ample means
o farm fur pleasure. But it will rarely do for one
»ho has made a little, and only a little money in
lome other pursuit, to invest all his little property
n a farm, and i.'iink to get a living from it. Some
if the disappoiiitiiicnts to which he is liable, are
linttd at or may be suggested by the extracts be-
ow. Though the picture we hare show may be a
■ricaturo, it yet keeps near enough to nature,
ruth and fact, to teach some useful lessons, and
li»t too in a pleasant way. — En.

ON AGRICULTURE.
Letter from Euscbius to hisfrienii, and his Reply.
It was long before I could bring myseif to think
eriously of your intentions. You farm! — arc you
imenled ? I have imagined you in all possible
isitions agricultural — and have laughed at the
retched figures I have conjured up, very heartily.
You will be the butt of the whole race of
it-faced farmer.", and before you have been in it
X months, will be reduced to be the scarecrow
your own fields — andt:ven then, the very hedge-
rrows will cock up their tails at you, and chirp
itticisms upon you in their depredations. Well,
U your own doing — and remember the saying,
He that makes his choice without discretion, do.h
W his corn he knows not when, and reaps he
lows not what." Your reason is sophisticated,
id your heart is not in the matter, and never can
i The very style of your letter proves you are
iluding yourself. Yon used to be a plain-spoken
■n, told a plain tale in plain words; now you
Hte, and to me your familiar, as if you were la-
iring at a prize essay, and run your periods into
ceronian English. .\nd because Virgil tossed
out the dung with dignity, you think it incum-
nt on you to walk out of your library with a
tchfork over your shoulder, upon your campaign
folly ! ' * .^nd there you are, I dare to say,
this moment, in your easy chair, dreaming on,
id glorifying yourself, leading a prize ox by the
Iter: dream on — it will soon turnout — "The
icar my defeat, and all the village see."
The fabulous part of ancient rusticity is pleasant
iongh, when there was a sort of golden age, and
I taxes, and shepherds had nothing to do but
pe, and nymphs to dance — but now we must " pay
e piper" — and who now-a-days ever sees Chaw.
iCon like Alphesibeus, dancing the "satyrs ?"

The only tune the farmer delightoih to ilance to, is
" Money in both pockets" — I wish ho may got u !
for "he dancrth well to whom I'ortuno pipeth."
The country pipes, now-n-days, are terribly lusti-
cated with tobacco, not the bacca hedcne, and ol-
ivo". And can my friend — my classical, my taste-
ful friend ^jog with bumpkins to fairs? Can he

bear to fumigate away all his better ideas in the
Cacua dens of " entertainment for man and horse,
his damp clothes reeking of stall, stable, wool and
the weed." You have been reading about " the
Divine Swineherd," and want to "go the whole
hng." It won't do — it is altogether a n.istake —
you are not " natural born and bred to it." You
will be cheated by your servants, laughed at by
your neighbors, and, worst of all, detested by your-
self, before you have been initiated, if initialed you
ever are. Your sheep will die of the rot, and your
hny will be burned in the making — you li'ave no
Pan as the '' oi'iiim cuslo:" and so you will be out
of the frying-pan into the fire. Your cattle will
go astray, and your neighbors bring actions of
trespass against you. You will be so sick of and
mad with troubles, that, like poor old King Lear
in the storm, you'll bid them "Blow and crack
their cheeks." Yes — the " pitiless storm" — it will
como down, well directed upon your hay-field,
whilst your host of laborers, your Damons, your
Thestylus', and Phillis', are enjoying their idleness,
and drinking you up by the gallons. In vain you
will be classical, and cry out upon the ^^illa misto-
mm" — down pours the inexorable torrent, and the
living tottering cider-casks and beer-barrels drink
to you in their ''swilled insolence," and then fall
off and snore like pigs in your presence. You
must positively contrive to lose the delicacy of
every sense ; seeing, touching, smelling, tasting,
hearing. There has been a story going the rounds,
of a musical genius in the back settlements, for
lack of other instruments, arranging his pigs. What
think you of studying the gamut of grunts, in ex-
change for your "ancient C(mcerts ?" You that
ore wrapt in Elysium with Handel and Mozart, to
be put off with a chorus of butchers cheapening
your cattle ! You used to delight in the song of
birds, and would stay at the chirping of a hedge-
sparrow, and say it was the very note of exquisi-
tive happiness ; you fed them with crumbs ; but
now your innocent delight is gone ; they are no
longer your sweet choristers, but feathered depre-
dators ; you even teach poor children mercenary
cruelty, by instigating the churchwarden to put a
price upon their heads — a penny a dozen — nay,
those you used to feed so familiarly from your
window, you immolate into a sparrow pudding. —
Yon will no longer go out to admire nature with
your sketch-book and colors; your portfolio will
contain nothing but maps and terriers ; the earth
will be estimated by chain acres. In vain will the
sun's gleams glide before you, enticing you into
wood and glen ; you will bid them begone to ripen
your mangel wurtr.el. Do you remember showing
your Itolian landscape (a veritable old niaaler) to

Farmer S , who asked you the value of it, and

' when you told him, was astonished, and inquired

'• If that iort of piiint waH paitieiilarly dear, for h»t
had painted all his front paling for fifty Hhillingii :"
You will soon be like him. Yon will, depend up-
on it : you will prefer coal-tar to ultramarine ; sub-
lime effects of cloud and vapor will no longer at-
tract your eyes upward ; your utilitarian ospccl
will be to the ground ; you will not enjoy tha
weather l'rovi<lence thinks fit to give yon, without
grumbling. In siin>ihiiie you will want ram, in
rain suiishino ; you will perpetually put on the
crying philosopher, alternating your Borrows be-
tween arable and pasture.

Do you really think yon have the making of a
farmer in you ? — not a bit of it. I have heard yoa
declare that nature made men specially for their
occup.ition.i. Have you looked in a glass lately ?
Have you the broad hand and the largo foot, to
handle well the spade and press it into the soil,
which is the very stamp and mould of a natural-
born agriculturist; not forgetting, however, the
broad shoulders and sloiit calves, to help a cart
wheel out of a rut, and if need be, for breast-plow-
ing.- Then how different are the " /Vtig'f* con-
mmere nnti !" Small hands and feet, of little worth
for sturdy work — a goodly paunch, no very large
head, but an undue proportion of mouth. Then
comes the artisan, slender throughout, somewhat
pinched, nimble fingers and a busy eye. Whatev-
er of either of the two there may be in your com-
pound, there is not an atom of the agricultur.st —
• • An agriculturist's eyes have but one specu-
lation— arable and pasture ; all else is a desert
When you and I asked farmer John Turnsoil, who
hud gone to and returned from London, what he
thought of St. Paul's — what was hia reply r "I
do n't think much on 't ; 't seems there 's a good
deal of ground throw'd away." * ' With your
helpless incapacity, (excuse me for the plainness,)
how long will it take you, map in hand, to know
your own lands — and for the minutest trespass, you
will suffer by encroachments, or worse penalties.
You will cut your neighbor's hedges for your own,
by mistake, and not have the wood ; and your
neighbor will cut yours, and carry away all — and
no mistake. Then you must have farming ser-
vants— locusts — eating up the land, and iheir ig-
norant master too. Do you flatter yourself you
can manage thein ? Can you bluster and swear at
them ? You will not even know if they have done
what thoy ought to have done. Out of your genu-
ine kindness you will thank them, and the first
time you do so, you will be laying down a measure
for their idleness, to say no worse of it, for their
perquisites shall be measured by it, till they ex-
j cced all measure. Yuii must have a hind to man-
age for you, who will inevitably be your master —
I the worst of masters — a semi-slave master- — your
taskmaster, whom, like any other inadinan, you will
have to pay for being your keeper. He will whig,
tie and sing all about your hou«e, that used to be
80 quiet, and if you gently remonstrate with him,
. won't keep his mouth shut nor his tongue and
teeth idle, hut will sn'l'ily fling himself upon your
' bench, and sit down to your beef and puddin^; with
a vindictive appetite. And all under him, and

154

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. 17, M4I

that have tlie run nf your house, will think ttifm-
eelves bound to observe the fugleman, and do like-
wise : such is the esprit dt corps. Do you rcinein-
ber (he anecdote I once told you of the "rent Miss

G , who undertook the mnnnpement of some

of hi-r land ? She thoii:.'hl herself clever enoutjli to
manage John Chanburon, and the rest of them: so
one day she stood hy when Jidin was at his dinner;
and he dul not make the worse dinner for that.
Now, knowin;; the elasticity of Jolin's 8t<inincl], as
111; was risinj to his work, lime up, she said, " John,
I tliink it would save time of coming and poinfr, if
you Hniild sit down again and take your supper."
" No objection in the world," said John, and down
he sits, and instanter despatches another jiound or
two, and drink in proportion, ending with her lady-
ship's health and many thanks. '• Now then, John,"
quoth the Lady Bountiful, " you may go to your
work." " ff'ork, Ma'am !" said John with a grin,
" I never works, ma'am, after supper," iind so lie
threw himself down, and in three minutes snored
like a pig. Laugli at it — laugh at it, and so Iniigli
at yourself He sleeps — that is more than you
will ; your head will never lie easy on yonr pillow
again; when niirht closes upon your crops for
growth or for blight, or if ripe for depredators, you
will dream of thieves and foxes prowling about
your poultry yard.

• • Is it too late to be " a word to the wise .'"
When your laborer rests from his work, your work
■will be going on. You may, indeed, quote your
favorite Gray —

'* The plowman homeward pluds his weary way.
And leaves the world to darkness and lu mc."

You m:iy well call it darkness, for you will have it
black enough — all will be black, even your corn,
for that will be sooted. And when all your pro-
jects fail, and you are really ruined — for I see no
other end if ycu pursue this folly — wliat bantering,
jeering, and insttlt there will be at the sale of your
stock, and what bitter sacrifice ! You had better
sell off all now while you can with a good grace.

Y'ou ought to liave been made wise, for it was in
your presence I heard our excellent friend, George
Cartoon, go through his experiences of farming.
You remember the taking possession — how he set-
tled first his family at tlic town of , and ar-
rived at his farm one morning before breakfast,
where his land-bailiff or manager met him. Then
came a volley of disasters : tlie neighbors' cattle
had broken into his pasture; the poor had destroy-
ed his hedges for firewood; half his slitep were
going fast with the rot. " Well," thought he, as
he pushed the man out of the room, " I will have
my breakfast first," and so down he sat ; and scarce-
ly had he tasted the first morsel, when the man
came in again to tell him that his cattle had broken
into a neighbor's field, who had seiit word to say
he had put them in the pound, and would measter
be pleased to go and get them out.' " Hang 'em
all," said Cartoon, "let me hare my brenklast ;"
and away went the man. Then in rushed Jenny
Lake, the dairymaid, in a rage, that Sally Good-
man's bie boy had tlirow'i a slick at the gander
and killed him. Her he pushed out of the room,
and this time he locked the door. Jt was n't long
before it was invaded again, but ho was deaf to all
entreaty to open it; repealing just — " Can't come
in, can't come in." Breakfast over, out he went,
fairly intending to buckle himself to his task of ca-
lamities, and know them all. The list was long,
and bad enough ; and ho never found himself, he

said, with all his imagined knowledge and power
of invention, so completely at a loss. However,
having in some sort settled tlie most urgent, and
left others to settle themselves, he ttiought he had
done enough for the first day ; and he determined
to indulge himself, and be free from all further in-
terruptions. So being, as you know, a lover of the
picturesque, he wandered among the rocks, and
seeing a snug place under a broad shadow, " Here,"
thouglit he, " not a .<oul will ever find me out ;"
and here down he sat, took out his little book and
apparatus to sketch, thinking he would have the
beauty, if not the profit of tlie country. Scarcely
had he spread his paper before him, when a fanner
riding along the road some distance below him,
(and nothing less than the sharp eyes of Malevo-
lence, he vowed, could ever have found him out,)
spied him, and thus called out to him — " Holloa,
measter ! the craws be picking out ihe eyes of
your lamb.s." "What," cried Cartoon, " do they
do these things here too ?" and so he gave up his
sketching for that day. * * For several months
he endured torments agricultural, beyond what his
imagination (a fertile one,) could have drawn. He
could 'nt sell his sheep, he said; and one day ask-
ed a farmer who seemed most friendly to him, the
reason. " Why,'' quoth he, " you should put big
buttons on your coat, and drive 'em to the fair, as
we do, and be there, d'ye see, yourself" " Well,"
said Cartoon, "since I had come to infra dig., I
thought for once, buttons shouldn't stand in my
way, and for once I would not have a soul above
buttons ; ao I got the pattern of the farmer's, and
big buttons had I to my coat." And so to fair he
went. One came and pinched his sheep, and
went away; another did the same; but nobody
bought, ask what price he would ; and by degrees
all went away, and he found himself left in the fair
with his detestable sheep. Nobody would buy
them; and most grinned and walked off when they
had fell them. Then the greatest annoyance he
had in doing as the farmers did, was in returning
from fairs — stopping with them at inns; and in
those fine days, they drank their bottles of wine, as
well as spirits. Now Cartoon detested drinking,
and nearly killed himself in the attempt to c'o as
" we farmers" do. On one occasion, he asked the
same farmer again, when the wine was in him, why
he could not sell his sheep. " Because, to tell you
the truth, they don't like gemmen, and won't buy
of a gemman." " Then," thought Cartoon to him-
self, " I '11 give up ;" and so he did ; and sold his
farm, luckily, at no great loss. He laughed very
heartily, and said he had one trifling, and he hoped
innocent, revenge upon his agriculturist neighbors.
On Ihe road, one day, he met some caravans going

to the fair at B , and fell into conversatiiui

with a gentleman riding the same road. He turn-
ed out to be the celebrated ventriloquist of the
west of Kngland. This man he engaged to ride
after a trio of farmers at a little distance. He did
so ; and when they came to the cross road, he pre-
tended to turn his horse's head another way, and
threw his voice into the beast's mouth. " Do n't
pull me so, for I 'd rather go along with these far-
mers." Offset the farmers, as fast as they could
gallop, verily thinking a greater thief in grain than
themselves was after them,

• • Now, my friend, be wise from Cartoon's
example, and turn fince more to be a sensible man.
Resist, if it be not too late, the temptation. "Take
the bull by the horns" — no, that is an evil omen ;
have nothing to do with bulls nor cows. You ha»e

already been vaccinated and caught the infection—
the love of cattle. You are like St. Antony, tempt
ed bv all unclean beasts. Soon your taste will de
generate into the porcine ; they were devils tha
entered into Bwjne ; take care the swine done
enter into yon. Then your very similes, and al
your ideas, will be hoggish : you will ronslder ih;
svmmum bonum to be a good bacim pig. " A-talk
ing of sows," drawled out a farmer to anoihei
"how's your wife?" Was any thing ever mor
thoroughly porcine ? Such ftllows are blind t'
everv other beauty ; they go about with a sty ii
their eye. You will prefer offal to romance. /
vile butcher will be your real Orlando, and Angeli
cas you will see no more: nay, the soft touch
woman's hand will furnish you with no other idei
but that it would make good butter. Abel, the stu
dent, was rusticated " to sow his wild oats," fell ii '
love with the butter-woman, and made horned cat "^
tie his friends, and became as one of them. ''

* * Leisure you will have none — not a mo» '
meni ; there will be always something to be donep
to be looked at, or to be mended. You will b*
worn to a shred, to a skeleton ; you will be pinchMi
like a snipe, and your nose be as sharp : methinki
I see you, like him, poking it into the ground tff
try to live upon suction. It will be the death ot
you. However, farewell : light lie the earth upon
you when you die, for it will be the heaviest M
burdens upon you as long as you live, (>>ncen<
not vourself about your epitaph. That shall htH
the last office of the pen of your loving and truthl
telling friend, not only till, but after death, "

KUS.-BIC9. II

_

Reply to Eusebius.

' ' My farming, of which you make so black
an account, is at an end. "Othello's occupation 'jj
gone." I have in disgust thrown all up ; the uai
pleasant feeling has worn off, and I can now laug]
with the best of them at myself. I made known (ji
you my intention to purchase a few acres; yoi
said nothing to dissuade me from so doing. !l
bought; and thinking the next step in life was t^
acquire some knowledge of agriculture, delcrminefl
to manage it myself; perhaps I ahuiild have sail
mismanage. ,^

I will not be wearisome by enumerating all n^
little disasters, but merely tell you how I maiiagi
about my sheep. I had a day laborer, who scrvi
me as a hind : he was a faithful and honest fcllu
I believe, but a bit of a wag. He had o dry hi
mor about him ; not that I, by any means, vi)i
say 1ic did not dp his best to vioiaUn it : he v
about forty years of age ; a little man ; every fufc
turc in his face seemed to have a screw in it, whii
he could move either way at pleasure. Whency
Ii8 spoke seriously, he always looked straight at^
wall, if one was near him, or the bole of a tree,
if no such object presented itself, at his finge:
(and they looked like tilings grown out of roU|
ground;) but whenever there v- . ■ i,

what he had to say, he alway,--
face, let out some of his scre«,s, ,:.i ,. ■' «'
ers, and nearly half-closed one eye, and ui
(|uite the other, and inclined his head a trill
wards his right shoulder. This would have a;
me, but I soon discovered it was his usual in
telling that something or other went wrong, ;
thing out of Us usual course, which he aieaql
show went wrong through my foult.

My first purchase of sheep happened thus: 1

vol.. XX. MO. to.

A N D H 0 II T I C U L T U it A (. K E G I S T E R .

155

eciinmienili'il tn send ti> the lair of , nnd tolil

rhat 1 iiiislil 10 five for half a score ot' ewoa. Ilo-

orc i!)o lair Hay, however, aa I win wnlkin|r aloiip

lie romi, nenr iiiv fiar''^" ff**'?. ' ""'I " lar:,'" tlork

if alicp, nnd soino drovers. I fouml lliey wrro

foiii? to llie lair. Here, tlioiiplil I, la an opportn-

lilv n • l" bo lost — no trouble of sending to lair —

lod a . .uml'est Nnvin^ in having llieiii dnven liniiie :

found too, ihe price was iiiucli under what 1 was

aid tc <rive, so I tliought iiiyseH' pcrlectly safe :

heep 'vore eheep. .ind the sheep I bought — and

ritliout the aid of my man. When he cnnie up.

iS he wa» sent lor to put the sheep in the field,) I

id, >Mili an air of some importance, never hiiviiii;

n till' iiiusier of so many aniinala before, " Here.

iciiard, I have bought lo-ni-Jtht lliese sheep."

Which, sir," said he, "ewes or wclliers ?' I nm

lined to confess, Kusebius, that I did not know !

as provokinp — I looked like a fool. The man

hid bought of, relieved me by poiiilinjr out my

rchnse, and Richard was lor a lime loo busy to

)tice ni . '• These are pretty light-fools," said

then, with Ins arch look; "where shall I take

m, sir?" "Why," said 1, "you know very well

-U) I III- field." " Oh, ay," quoth he : " but may

th'V won't like the lield." I could not in the

t tell what he meant, never having heard of

nsiilting their liking. " Well," said he, "I will

»e them tiiere, but if they don't like it lliey won't

"What do you mean ?" said I. "Why,

em sheep be all greyhounds." Shortly after, I

neighbor, and told him what a purchase I

id made. ".And where are they.'" replied he.

the lield above tlie house," said I. " No, they

not," Jays he ; " for I have just seen about that

mber break over lied^'es, and away with 'em, as

t as they rould scamper. If ihose^ are yours

had better send alter them, and — [going off] —

» youVe caiigA/ 'em, sell 'em." This was. in-

d, a bad beginning. I went for my man : he

ked this time in my face, as I told my story, and

d him to go after them. "Oh! there's not iiiiich

I in ''oing after tnem," said he, " at least not

:hout a dog:" and away ho went on the run. I,

i a fool, I am ashamed to confess it, little dream-

r ho was gone to borrow a sheep dog, let loo.se

large Nowfeundland, and away I went along

1 road, as fast as my legs could carry me. About

ile on, F found the sheep ; that is, I came in

rtlt of tlirm, and pointed them out to the dog.

went Neptune, nnd off went the sheep : I saw

plunge into thenmistof them ; he had broughl

irn one, and the rest went farther than ever. He

indeed brought down one, and by the time I

ne lip, had made a pood hole in his side. The

thing was killed sure enough. Now I did'nt

Ihc loss of the sheep, but was in dismay at

Bbard's up. look, which I knew awaited me. I

t it. and was humbled. " Your honor," said he,

ad hniter keep a hunter, and a pack of iMUiids,

them deer's capital sport, and I see your hon-

i in at Ihe death." After much time, trouble,

1 cost, the sheep were recovered, and, us my

nd advised, sold — at a loss. It was amusing

■ngti to Richard, the day of the disaster. I re-

ned in no very good humor, and finding two

ge pigs in m.' garden, made a boy, whom I had

t hire. I, drive t.iein instantly to the pound ; and

the evcni ./ in came Richard, witii one of his

k*, nnd a.-; • .1 for money to get the pigs out of

pound. •• Out of the pound 1" said I, " I get

m out of the pound ! why, I've had 'em put in."

'hen your hanur," quuth Richard, " will be sure

to get 'oni out." "Not I," said I, indignnnlly ;
" let those gi't 'cm out that own thciu." Tne fol-
low gave a double screw, and slightly curl»d his
ihin lips, nnd, affecting great f<iibmi«Bion, roiilied,
in a low nnd slow voice, " Thnn i$ i/onr hnnar's
men }iiics .'" This look me by »"rpri«i<, flfocluiilly
diHsipalcd my bile, I threw niysolf back in my chair
and laughed most heartily. Kichnrd put his hand
to hi*; mouth, mode antics with Ins knees to sup-
press his iiiirlh ; but it would not <lo. lie gave
way to his humor, laughed loutler than I, nnd then
as siiddcnly slopped — asked my pardon, adding —
" Sure your honor knows besl ; but I think we'd
belter get 'em out this time, nnd punish thtm (with
a marked eiii[ili«si8) next."

My second purchase was still more unfortiinnte.
This time 1 did not trust to my own judgment, but
requested a neighbor farmer who was going to a
fair, to buy me six sheep. "Six sheep I" said
Richard, who was present, looking up, now at me

and now at farmer \, ; "six ewes in lamb this

time." He looked again at me, as much as to say

I doubt yet if measler knows one from t'other."
The six ewes were bought — twcntyfive shillings
apiece. I had heard that a good slieplierd knows
every sheep in his large flock. I had the curiosity
to study the physiognomy of mine ; in vain, I never
could tell one from the other, and judging from the
iiitepscness of my observation, I much doubt the
fact. Well, I now had sLx ewes in lamb. These
will produce me at least a lamb each, that will be
twelve; twelve sheep ; twice twelve, twcntyfoiir ;
and so I went on counting, till (upon my fingers)
I was master of a tolerable flock. In the morning,
before breakfast, if any mot inc and asked where 1
had been, the answer was, "To look at my sheep"
— after breakfast, " to look at my sheep" — before
dinner, " to look at my sheep" — after dinner, the
same. I was looking at my sheep all day and
wool gathering in dreams all night. I did Richard
the justice to tell him, one day, that lie was ns
watchful of my six sheep as I was. Ho gave one
of his looks, and said, suddenly dropping his speech
into great gravity, "They must be looked arter, for
I question if 't would n't be best to send 'em to Ihe
butcher!" Send my six ewes in lamb to a butch-
er! Why send them to a butcher? thought I.
Not long after, seeing Richard, I said, for some-
thing to say, "Well, Richard, have you seen my
six sheep this morning ?" "No, sir," quoth Rich-
ard, and then screwing up some, and unscrewing
others of his features, " I have seen five, for t'oth-
er's mullon, and mutton your honor wont like to
eat." One of my sheep was dead. The week fol-
lowing, anoihor. I had now but four sheep out of
six. " Bad work, Richard," said I, " four out of
six." •* Four sheep and two skins, your honor will
please to count them," quoth the scrutinizing Rich-
ard. To make the best of it, and be beforehand
with my joke to my friend Richard I said to him,
"Well, we have four sheep and two treasures of
skins." " No, your honor, excuse mc, you 're
wrong there ; four sheep only — the skins were sto-
len last night." There was no standing this: it
was so. The day after came the saddest news of
all: Richard called mc from my bed. " I hem as
took the skins." said he, " have come for the sheep

— Mfi/'re /foil'-." "Gone!" said I, "where?"
" Most likely," replied he, "to Fair." "The

lair! that's twelve miles off, Richard." "Yes,
sir, and them as took 'em must have took 'cm in a

light cart, for two of 'em never could have gone

there a.fout, and be sure they're at the fair at 1.

by this lime." 'J'lius of my »ix ewes in Innib, I
had iH.I rviMi n Hkiii. I iliought it right to send af-
ter them, nnd accordingly Richard went, nnd rc-
tiirnod the niglil foUowiug with my Ui»r ahccp.
The thief, uiihor finding lli'.'iii nut marketable, or
from feuror other caimc, had abandoned them, nnd
llioy wero found about a mile from the town. "I've
brought 'em bad,," said li^', "but I doubt if two
of 'em be worth the filcliina I" The following
day another died, and «itliin a few days another.
My six sheep wore now rciliiccd to two. Richnrd
hid no confidence jn their hxiks, ami said if ono
would lamb, it would b-; lucky. .After a lime they
did lamb. I had now Iwo slicep and two lambs,
for my purchase of six ; then one of. the sheep and
one of the lunibs got bud heads, and Richard pro-
nounced their doom, and advised mc to send them
to the next fair. I took his advice, and to Ihe fair
he went with them, and brought me back £1, 3*.
bJ. ; a pretty business this was — keep thrown away

nearly all the purchase-money thrown away — all

my looking at the sheep thrown away — nothing
lel\ but the remombrancH o' Richard's looks, say-
ings, and doings, which I doubt not, you. Eusebius,
will think well worth the cost. I need not go or.
to tell you how the cow got staked, the horse
wounded by a pick run into him at hay -making,
how the sow devoured her young — these are minor
annoyances. 'I here were others much more seri-
ous, so that ere long I found my spirits flag; the
love of farming, like most forced loves, departed
from me, a general ennui came upon me. I saw
iiolhing in a pleasant light, for, as yet, I could not
return to my former pursuits. The worst of rare
is, that it makes a man see, .as it were, quite tliro'igh
the layer of ple.isiire and delight, that like a kindly
atmosphere envelopes the world, down to the bare
skeleton of things, and presents to the intellectual
eye nothing but deformity. We become disen-
chanted, ungiftcd. As in the fabulous times, when
gods mingled in the battles of men, there was a
cloud removed from before the eyes of llie lieroea
to 1 tble them to see deities ; so is it now remov-
ed by care to enable us to see devils. So much,
Eiisebius, are wc deteriorated from llie golden age.
We are even beyond the iron — we live in an age
of mud and ditch-water, which is continually stirred
into horrible commotion and restlessness, by the
tempests of our own wilful passions.

« • I was like the man that said if he had
been bred a hatter, men would have come inlo the
world without heads. I delcrinined, therefore, to
give up farming, before it gave me up. I deter-
mined to dispose of my foolish speculation, and
have done so; yet, I cannot but tell you the last
farming conversation between me and Richard.
Vou know what a horrible season we have had.
One day, as it was pouring rain, Richard said there
was no help for it, but the— what shall we call it,
what, ought to have been hay, must be drawn inlo
the yard, it was good for nothing but muck. "Il'»
terribly "Ct," says he, "and them oats is wet." —
" Ay, ay," said I, in disgust, " It '6 all wet, Richard,
all wet, wet, wet." " No, your honor, quoth Rich-
ard, with his most exquisite look, "It ain't all wet,
the cow '« dry .'"

My dear Eusebius, ever yours, .

Forest tree seeds should not be suffered to be-
I como dry before they are planted, and when planl-
I ed they should not be covered loo deep. We had
I good success in planting the butternut, by merely
! pressing the nut inlo the earth by the foot. — Mc. Far.

156

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. 17, 1841.

For the N. E. Farmer.

HINTS FOR THK MONTH.

Lodk to the drains about your lowlands : see that
they are free from obrttructioii'", so thai the water
from heavy rains may pa.sa off, and no large quan-
tity be left to stand and freeze upon the land, as
by this the trrnss roots ar« injiirod.

If yon would not have your meadow or salt marsh
cut up by the treading of cattle and horses, see
that the fences around them are in good condition.
The pijT.pen — see that thi.s is made comfortable
for its inmates; that they are well protected airainst
the severities of winter. A hog, thouijh lie be n
hop, and plebinn as is his rank amnnfr domestic
animals, has iieverthele.ss as much feeling about
him as the noblest of those of more patrician blood,
Biid will as well repay for all the attention you
may* expend upon his comfort.

Adopt some plan by which your cattle can be
watered at homo this winter, and not be compelled
to wander a mile or two throuijh cold and storm, to
some distant brook for their drink.

Tighten your barn about the cattle stalls; shin-
gle over the crevices ; bank up the underpinning,
if its condition exposes the cattle to cold. The
cows' quarters especially, should be made comforta-
ble ; they will reward you for it in an increased
yield of milk.

If you have no covering for your manure, erect a
ehed or dig a collar for it immediately. It is need-
less to state the advantage of this, as it must be
apparent to every one who has devoted a thought
to the niatti.'r.

If you have no barn cellar for the dcposite of
roots, and if the circiimstancca are favorable, set
about constructing one for the purpose.

Increase your wall fence at odd jobs: this im-
provement pays a good interest in the long run : anil
what of this you do make, make compact and strong '
— better build one rod thus than five of loose and
slight construction.

Make a bon-fire of those eye sores, the bushes
Bt the sides of your fields and avenues: cut them
up or burn them down, without regard to the state
of the 7noo;i or ony thing else.

Construct a comfortable fold for your sheep, and
make provision for supplying them with water du-
ring^ the winter; — the notion thai they do not re-
cpiire this, is a " barbarous relic of a barbarous age."
It is the opinion of eminent sheep-growers, that the
exposure of sheep to cold and storms, coupled with
feeding them solely on dry food, as hay, seriously
impairs their constitutions, and, as a consequence,
their otfspring are weak and delicate and iriany of
them die. Sheep, should have a meal of some sort
of roots once a day.

Construct an apparatus for steaming apples, po-
tatoes, &c. for your ewine. A siiiip'o contrivance
for this purpose will occur to almost every one: if
it should not, make an inquiry for a plan through
•omo one of the agricultural papers. It is more
profitable to feed with cooked than uncooked food.
Would it not bo well to substitute some new
gate posts for those old rotten, ricketty things which
are threatened witli overthrow by every breeze .'

In what slate is the shingling on your barn and
granary roofs ? Perhaps a look there would dis-
cover soinetliing which needs remedying.

You know best whether it would be wisdom in
you to break up that old piece of pasture, which
has'nt felt a plow these fifteen years, and which
now produces hardly sufficient herbage to keep a

couple of yearlings from starving. If you should
conclude to break it up, plow deep and lay the fur-
rows Hat.

Dispose of all stock you have more than you
have the means of wintering wf// ; — and perhaps
should you procure a straw-cutting machine, and
use yiiur straw cut and mixed with your hay — per-
haps by this means you might be enabled to winter
a head or two more of olock than you otherwise
could.

But in attending to these matters, if they need
your attention, do not neglect to he collecting ma-
terials for manure ; for upon assiduity in this busi-
ness depends much your prosperity ns farmers.

If you are blessed with abundance, imparl of it
to the poor. Should you present old Mr Goodsoul
a turkey for Thanksgiving, and tip up a load of
wood at the door of widow Worthy, do you think
you would ever be the poorer for it?

Finally, in the words of Franklin, " Resolve to
perforin what you ought, and fail not to perforin
what you resolve ;" leave not that for tomorrow
which may well be done today — " Procrastination
is the thief of time." J. H. D.

P. S. Since writing the above, Mr Editor, I see
that some of its suggestions have been anticipated
by you in an article in your last. Good advice,
however, will justify repetition.

From the British Farmer's Magazine.

ON LUCERNE.
The cultivation of this plant is extending, since
its valuable qualities liave become better known,
and the foddering of horses and catlic in enclosed
yards has been adopted. It succeeds well upon
any description of land of deep staple, provided the
subsoil is dry ; but this is not always an e.vceplion,
as upon some of the strong rjay soils of good quali-
ty, it succeeds as well as upon most others, which
is not in accordance with its general habits, as no
drainage except that effected on the surface can
bo given; and as far as my experience extends, I
have found all descriptions of soil that will produce
mangel wurUel and Swede turnips in perfection,
will likewise produce this excellent plant in per-
fection. I have also found it invariably succeed
well after a crop of mangel wurtzel, and it is rare-
ly if ever injured by the fly upon such rotation,
from the facility with which I obtain a plant under
my present system, which is by sowing every year
and plowing up a portion that is wearing out, or
has become overrun with grass. My process is
simply as follows: The land is first summer-tilled,
with or without turnips, for barley or oats, and all
root weeds are thereby destroyed. After the bar-
ley or oat crop is harvested, the land is immediate-
ly plowed, and if the weather permits, one or two
more plowipfrs are jiven before the winter ; the
land is then put upon ridges for the mangel wurt-
zel, and during the winter or in the spring months,
from sixteen to twenty loads of good compost ma-
nure are added, and the land aftenvorda planted
with mangel wnrtzel ; after that crop is gathered
in November, the land is ogain carefully plowed,
and in the following spring, if perfectly dry and
friable, another plowing is given, or it is scarified
so us to produce a fine tilth upon the surfare ; nnd
about the middle of April the seed is drilled in, at
the rate of about If! lbs. per acre, in row.s ten in-
ches distant from each other, or it may be sown
broadcast with 20 lbs. and lightly harrowed. The

sowing may take place at any lime afttr the mid-
die of April until the middle of June, but should
not be sown earlier; the late frosts being equally
injurious as the fly, which frequently destroys it
akogpther. Upon '.he young plants appearing and
liecoining well established, the land should be
kept free from weeds by hand-weeding and repeat-
ed Iioeings ; at midsummer or soon after, it should
be mown, and again mown early in September. Id
this process the scythe should have a keen edge,)
and u|)on no account shonUI it be cut with any but
a sharp instniinent, as, if bruised by that opcratioO(
the next shoots will be weakened and dwindling^
In the autumn, after the cuttings have been con^
pleted, sheep should be closely folded upon it ; audi
if fed upon the spot with turnips, cake or corn, adi
ranch the better. The manuring on this plan ia
better adapted to ensure a full crop than by anj|
other mode ; and whilst it prevents the grass in*
creasing, it lends to increase the produce in th(|
greatest possible degree; but if sheep cannot"
avoilable, a dressing of well mixed compost, con^
sisting of stable dung ond fresh maiden eartkjj
should be applied. In the following spring litlU
requires to be done, further than picking ufl' the
loose stones, pieces of wood, &c., that may have
accumulated so as to retard the scythe during iImi
process of mowing. If any weeds appear, lhe]| r
should be carefully removed in .March, but the hi
should be used sparingly, for at this season thH
slightest exposure of the roots to frost will injuiii 1
it greatly. The first mowing will be ready to coi
nience in the latter part of April or the beguiiiina n
of May, and from its growing rapidly at this se4* -t
son, may be cut early, as the succession will bt>
better maintained ; three or four cuts may be taken
altogether during the summer. In the ai:tumn ttn
every year the folding with sheep must be repeaK
cd, or a dressing given by the compost will bi i
quit'; sufficient : and if thus early repealed, ti. lu j
cerne may be kept in vigorous growth from ei 'h
to ten years ; but as it is far more nutrilioiis in til
first tiv9 or six years, if other land is available, ai
a succession of pieces is once established, it ou
never to remain longer from one so
those, however, who may wish to convert the lai
to permanent pasture, perhaps no bettor mode
be adopted than by letting the lucerne coiiti
until the natural grasses supersede it. It is
necessary literally to follow the plan I have
down ; I only state it as my practice, and by lb;
succeed. The essential points are — First, that thi i
land should be thoroughly cleaned, but the lucenn i
does not succeed will immediately after the lallot |
until a crop of turnips, mangel, or some other crO| |
has been taken, that lias also been kept free Iron i
weeds. Secondly, it should not be sown too early t
and the seed should be new. Thirdly, clean tlw |
roughly the fir-'t simmer, and regularlv fold npoii
it with sheep al'ternards, discontinuing the hue ll |
together. As the produce must vary accordioii
to the nature and quality of the soil, no slntemeil
can be furnished of the quantity other than bv st» t
ling the weight of that which has already been pro ii
clucod ; three cuttings from good land will \ loli
from five to six cwt. per square rod. Upon
acres I have kept six horses and colls from
middle of April to this time, besides a portion
for weaned calves, Upon another far,
have supported ten cart ond two nag I
the same period. And a friend ofmii, , ^

very strong cloy land farm of nearly 4V0 acrei
has kept sixteen powerful horses upon eight acre

I twi u ,

AND HORTICULTURAL K E G I S T K R .

157

\:tn\ to Uctobor, for novenil yearn punt, with

> (ition of throo weeks bolwocn tlio first ond

iittinfru wlioii t'l'd upon tiri'g. I find llmt

i inmiiUiin tlicinselvos in conditi>n witli-

I, and perform their work l>etlcr thin otiiers

I nro fed upon cut clover, tarca, \,c , and one

iliel of oats each per week. A fine piece of

erne I calculate to bo worth froRi QO/. to 25/.

acre; if cut for hay it nhoiild be thoroughly

ic, us heating upon the slack spoils it, and

kes It inouMy.

ROBERT BAKER.
IfrUlte, Ksitx.

For lh« N. E. Farmer.

SCRAPS FRO.M MEMORY.
Ft is with no little ditfidcnce, Mr Editor, that I
empt to commuDicalo any thin<; for your pages
;>ertaining to prtTciicni matters in agriculture, for
m yet young and have no thorough knowledge of
! op<^rations of the farm. I was always fond to
ault of agricultural pursuits: I always loved the
lort of the field : no other employment is so con-
ninl to my disposition. In former years, during
bi-yhood, many a time after having toiled all
rht in a mechanical business, have I gone the
t day (which we had for leisure, in recompense
our night's work,) some miles out of the town
a farmer friend's, and helped him plant, or hoe,
harvest, as the season might be, and esteemed
day, sleepy and exhausted as I was. At a later
iod I resided at one time ten months upon a
ge farm. During this time I learned many of
! practices in cultivation : I wish I could have [
n able to have learned more : I wish now, with
Alcott, that I had the means of becoming a |
!w England farmer upon a small scale : soon
uld I bid adieu to the city — its sickening pomp,
empty hoartedness, its squallid poverty and its
Ijhts of misery. But fortune's promises to me
3 inauspicious. — It is easy to sny that one may
in whatever he resolves to attain, and the pre-
pt perhaps gives a wholesome spur to young am-
ion ; and this, again, Cardinal Richelieu tells us,
should know no such -word as/oi7" — but after all
kig assurance, dear sir, how often is the merito- i
IDS and modest youth doomed to plod through the
)rld without friendly aid, and in many cases de-
luded of the small pittance which he earns by ]
nest labor, while he who is his superior only in I
■3 stock of impudence, lives in the sunshine ofl
osperity. " Alan is the master of his own desti- '
," siys Victor Cousin — and the proposition is a |
ry pretty one to repeat — very pretty ; but in the
ly I take its signification, it appears, in its effect,
be exceedingly similar to the efficacy of that j
ecies of charity which says to the needy appli- '
.nt, "Be ye fed, and be ye clothed." — I ask no I
her encouragement than this — that whatever I
in permitted to earn by the toil of my head and
iinds, be promptly paid me in good faith. — E.vcuse
«, sir, for obtruding so much of my private opin-
318 upon your attention : I surely did not mean
hen I commenced this, to betray thus much of
y feelings upon this matter. I will now come
what I designed to communicate. |

Upon reading the article in a late number of
)ur paper headed " Important Discovery in .^wrj-l
ihure," in which it was stated that in the experi- j
ent of which an account is given, that the seed
heat sown in the fall was covered with a laying '

of straw, I was n^minded of an cxpcrinioiit made
by n farinor with whom (as before in<<ntioni'd) I
once resided. The cases, I know wore disfiiiiilur,
hut the idea of protecting fall-pown gram with
some kind of a covering, as cxpn'sscd in lliu ac-
count, brought ti> my mind the circuiiislance which
I will relate, and to which I was a witness. Wish.
iiig to bring into grass a piece of ground wliich
had for several years been used us a vcj^ctablc
garden, ho sowed it in the full with grain — of what
kind 1 do not now remember. After the plants
had come up to the height of about three inches,
and before the ground had been frozen of any con-
sequence, he covered the pieco with a thin coating
of eel grass from the shore of a salt bay near which
he resided. In the spring, the plants came up
most promisingly, evidently, in the opinion of all
who witnessed them, much benefited by th'.ir cov-
ering during the winter. The crop (I think it was
wheat,) matured well and produced an cxtraordinaiy
yield of fine plump grain, whilst a piece of the
same belonging to an adjoining farmer, was cut
down for fodder long before harvest time. Query
— did not the plants derive some benefit from the
saline properties of their covering ? 1 have thought
they might. j

One more scrap. It was an invariable practice j
with the same farmer, to give his sheep rock weed I
fresh from the shore, twice or thrice a week through
ail the year when the ice did not prevent its being
obtained. They used to eat it greedily, and I have
often smiled to see them come in from " the swamp"
so regularly for their treat, and demand to be
served. I never could refuse a sheep a favor, they
ask it with such an imploring expression of coun-
tenance. The flock were aUvays in excellent
health and condition. I suppose the rock-weed
answered the same beneficial purpose as manufac-
tured salt.

One more. As every thing which is capable of
increasing the earth's products, must be a matter
of prime importance to the farmer, I will relate the
effects which followed the application of a mixture
of blue mud and old mortar to a plat of ground,
which I learned from the lips of the experimenter,
a neighbor to the farmer above referred to. In
digging a well upon his premises, the workmen
struck a stratum of blue clay several feet in thick-
ness, which attracted the attention of the proprie-
tor by the peculiarity of its quality, seeming, as
he expressed it, sonpy, and with the exception of
its color, precisely like new made putty. He
thought if mixed with some other material it might
answer as a fertilizer. The year previous he had
torn down a large old dwelling-house on his premi-
ses, and the old mortar which accrued from this,
had b^en thrown into a heap and left near the site.
These two materials he mixed together in the fall,
by alternate layers of each, covered over and the
mass left untouched till spring. He then broke up
a piece of thin sandy soil, well known as white
pine plains. To this he applied the mixture of mud
and mortar as far as it would go, and dressed the
remainder of the piece liberally with stable manure
whicii had been sheltered during the winter, and
planted the land with potatoes. At harvest, ho
found that the portion which had the dung had done
best; but in the succeeding crops of barley and
clover, the burden on i7 was not over half so great
iS that on the compost. And the barley which
grew on the portion dressed with the mud and mor-
tar, was such for fineness of quality, that ha sold
all of it he would spare, at an extra price, for seed.

But enough of your scraps, for this time, per-
haps you Hay, .Mr IMifir. Well, 1 don't know that
It will do to threaten you with any inoro. I'orhapa
in inditing the fon-going I may have dona it at
the expense of being laughed at, by thotiu who have
Ined longer in the world, as a rrtailer of oW neirt.
If so, I will niuxteroll my philosophy ond — langh
loo. It Is a practice wiUi mo not to pass liy even
an old rusty nail without picking it np or kicking
it into the notico of suinu one else. In the hope that
it may be of service to somebody : and it was the
same motive, air, which mtluenced mo to communi-
cate iho preceding "snatches from memory."

Respectfully, &.c. J. H. D.

LITERARY.

The lioslon ^fiscellnny of Literature and Path-
ion. Published by Bradbury & Soden. — The first
No. of this work wo have looked at with more at-
tention than we have of late been able to bestoir
upon most things literary. But the motions and
complexion of our fingers ond the tenor of our
thoughts arH so rustic, that we begin to ihink that
we are a bear, culling flowers from the garden,
when we undertake to gather beauties in the bow-
crs of elegant literature. Yet as Bruin has pre-
ferences, though his taste may not be very refined,
so we are not equally pleased with all that is offer-
ed for our reading. — This work is " got up" in un-
commonly good style, and its literary merit is
greater than is often found in periodicals. Should
future numbers equal the promise of the first, this
Miscellany will be prized highly by readers of re-
fined and delicate taste. — Kd. N. E. F.

MASS. HOKTICUUTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION OF FRriTS.

Saturday, , Aow. C.

A basket of Duciiess d' Angouleme Pears from
Mr E. Vose, Dorchester. Take the basket togeth-
er, they were the choicest specimens that had ever
been exhibited at the hall for the season.

Dix Pears, from the original tree, by Rev. Dr
Harris, Boston.

Fine specimens of Colmar Sovereign, Beurre
Diel, Urbaniste and Glout Morceau Pears, with a
kind unknown, from John Prince, Jamaica Plains,
Roxbury. For the Committee,

B. V. FRENCH.

Flowers and Bails of tlie Red Potato. Has any
one ever seen any flowers or balls on the Long Red
Potato? We never have seen any. This variety,
it is said, was brought from the River La Plata, in
South America, nearly or quite thirty years ago,
and retains its characteristic properties better than
any other variety of the potato tribe that has been
cultivated. In this State, it continues to grow un-
til the frost comes and kills its vines, and the po-
tato itself does not really come to maturity until the
following spring. If it is planted in a rich soil, a
little inclined to moisture, it will produce heller
than any other potato that we have. We should
like to obtain some of the balls, if any one has any
to spare. — Wai'nc Farmer.

xff^Br. Holmes — You arc rather late in your call,
or wc could have furnished you to your heart's con-
tent. This variety of the potato here bears balls in
great profusion ; but it is not as prolific now as it
was in the days of oiir boyhood, when few, if any,
balls loriiied upon its vines. — Ed. N. E. F.

158

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

ROV. 17, Igtt

AMI IIORTILLL 1 LRAl. R1G13TK11.

BosTOM, VVedhkbdat, November 17, 1841.

AGRICULTURE SHOULD BE MADE A »TUDV.

There are few it any nllier pursuita iliat open »o wiile
a field t'lr inquiry as ugricuUure. It is true that every
boy ol'ri-mrnon ca|mrity, who has been raiMPd on ii farm,
becomes siitlicientiy fumiliar with the usual farming cpe-
ration^ to pursue the business in a way iftat enables hitn
to get a livinfj. But in nio.it instances hi« operaiions
are carried on with but very littlB inquiry as to ilie most
correrl and b st prim iples of husbandry. He goes on
this year as lie went last J ear, and as his lather wi iil for
many te.irs. Moving onward llius in his unvaried rounds
from year to year, l\u: industrious and prudent man may
gain property and he a respected and useful citizen. But
his pursuit wuuld be more inl'-re^ling, and he would he-
come a more intell;gein man, were Jie to observe more
closely ihe immediate and the lasting (ictiiin of each kind
of manure that he applies J were he to note the elfecis
of each kind of manure upon each diflerent crop that he
cultivates; were he I'l talcuhite the cost of earh crop
that he raises; were he lo determine by careful oliser-
vatioii the .soil best nuited lo each crop ; were lie to de-
termine the best lime and manner of apphing manure
to each; were he to stud i/ how to make as much ma-
nure as possible ; were hi; In siitisfy himself fully as to
the proper distances for hills of corn and rows of roots;
were he to lenrn whence his pl.ints derive their piinci-
pal nourishment, and in what state they take it up ;
were lie to satisfy himself ns to the parts of the farm
which are too acid or loo cold lo bo [irodurtive; were
he to learn carefully what spots couM be greatly improv-
ed by deep plowing; were he to seek diligently to
know will I it would be best to do on each comparative-
ly unproductive spot of ihe farm, in order to make it
fertile; were he to be observing, studying, thinking,
reasoning and judging upon these mailers, llieio can be
no doubt that without ever reading a line upon airricul-
lure, or making any other cx/icrimcn* than wliat h:s usu-
al routine ntfords, tliat he would become a more intelli-
gent and a more successful farmer, than if he bestowed
iiu particular attention upon these and other equally im-
jiortant mattcra.

Rut wl ile he may make important advances in the
ail of agriculture without comparing notes with his
neighbors, and without reading, it is not lo he doubled
that moat men could derive much benefit from learn-
ing what the cjpe.-iencc of others has taiighl. Who
knows so much that there is none oilier wise enough lo
teach him .my thing? Who understands firmin" better
than all the men combined who ever wrote upon the
subject ? If there be any such man, he may be excused
from rending or inquiring. But such nn one nowhere
erisls, and all who till Ihe earth inny gain information
frtjni many a written pnge

Agricultural Papers, And now when the evenings
are lorig and the labor-s of the day not very severe, jut
there l.o at liand some agricultural paper or some treo-
tiso upon agriculture, that you may look into for half an
hour or an hour. Many ihinas that you will read were
written for Romi-b<idy else, anil will give you but liille
iio.lrii.tion. Other nrlicl.s will fiirni-li hints and facts
which you may turn to ^ood account. Read — read and
rsflect — ^r\A you will become a wiser and betler larmor.
Take nn iigriculluinl piper; have one that you can call
your own: preservi' it on file ami it «il! be to you on
many orrnsions valuaMi' for reference. There are pa-

pers eiioug,

ekh^

at 5*2 per jcar, and

onthli.

1 at

from 50 cents to $1. Take one or more of them, for
you will get from many a single cojiy, knowledge that
will be worth more to you than Ihe price of all the num-
bers for a year.

Town Jigricultural Soriities or Associations. Many
of you find ihat alter being out in Ihi: wind ond cold all
day, that you become slei'py and stupid when you sit
down to read in the warm kiijlii^n. Here lies one of
the chief re.ubns why f.iriners d" not read more. The
warmth of the room and llie silling posture invito them
very strongly lo repi se Reading is, for this reason, to
many of them, dull and stupid business. They do not
lack inquisiliveness or interest in their business, so much
as they lack ability to keep themselves wide awake
while altemptingf to read, and thus tack ability lo gel up
much interest in reading. For this reason, amoni; oth-
ers, we repeal a recommendalion which was strongly
urged in our columns last winter, that associations nf
fwrmers living in the same immediate neighborhood, say
within two or three miles of each other, should be form-
ed for the purpose of talking over matters pertaining In
agriculture. IjCt ihe exercises be reading, discu-sion.
narration of experiences, or any thing else lhat might
furnish the most information in the most inleresting
manner. Occasionally a lecture upon the subject might
be procured. Should such associations become general,
more — much more benefit would flow from ihcm than
nil the ('oiinly. Slate, or National Societies will confer,
though llie.se may be very beneficial.

Get lip one in your neighborhood.

CROPS OF THE YEAR.

The barvesling is now over, and general accounts of
crops have come in from all parts of the coiintrv-

Tlie wheal crop was veiy tood in Ihe North VVestern
Slates, but in New York and the States south from that,
the crop was much injured by drought. This crop is
probablv a little less th-in last year.

Indian Corn. Throuirh ihe same sections where
wheat suffered, corn was injured by want of rain. In
many p^irls of New K.njland too, the corn was cut short
Rut jenerally in the Northern Stales the crop is fiir.
In Ihe whole country the corn has not done ns well as
in former years.

Potatoes. These snfTered more than anv other crop
th't is extensively used by man as foo-l. The yield has
been small.

Bui notwithstanding nil the crops which we exten-
sively rely upon for sustenance are less than in most
years, there yet is no danger of scarcity. — The root
crops generally in this section have been fair. Apples
are scarce. liny is not abundant. Stock of all kinds is
low, compared with ihe last two or three years

MOTTS VEGETABLE BOILER.

We obtained, a few days since, from Messrs. II. & F.
Siimpson, 127 State street, one of Mott's Vegetable
Boilers, said to hold a barrel and an Inlf— price 2.'> dol-
lars— with which we are much ple.nsed. Tli" man on
the fnrm lolls us that when he puts in about three hush-
ela of roots with nearly water enough to cover them, he
can " make the pot boil" in fifteen minutes from the
lime he kindles the fire ; and that the quantity of wood
con-unied in the boiling is scarci- one fourth «• murh as
was riquired for a boiler of about the same aiie set in
hriok which he used two or ihree years sinrc on another
fnr'U. Tins boiler consiaia of a common cast iron lox
atove, cjcepling lhat the top is wenting, and the sides
of the stove are extended up in lit shape for a boiler,
then the boiler proper is set into this beiler-ihapod slove
directly over the fire ; a space of about one inch is left

between the outer iron and the inner one, ail around a>
up the aides. We are persuaded that in this we c
cuuk at much less expdnse for fui I ihan the old fashio
ed boilers required.

PROLIFIC POTATOES.
A long blue potato has been exhibited to us from d
ferent places, which is said lo be very productive,
gentleman (if we have the name corrBcily, a Mr Hard
of Wallham,) brought in aainplea and stated th.it fro
five busliels he raised 250. A Mr Uyer, of Alllebort
raised 41 bu-hels from one ; and anoih> r friend of
HI from one. Tlie latter gentleman planted, seided ar
tilled in the asual way of managing this crop. Or
calls Ihem " Velos," one "Florida,'' and the oih
" Dean." All agiee lhat ibey are unusually prodiicti'
and that ihc quality is good.

TO MAKE CHILDREN HEALTHY. I

Give them thick shoes, warm clothing, a simple riie-fki
and je: them run out freely in all ttalea of the wealhei'
While young, strengthen the body by exercise and esi
posure Teach them habits of obedience and trutli-tels
iiig, and let study or ihe teaching and training o
the intellect be but a secondary matter. First take car
of ihe body and the bean — the mind may be trained a!
forwards.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXlilBITIO.N or FRUITS.

Saturday f A'ov. 13.

The exhibition of I'ruils at ihis season of the year
Biiiall, but, to the horticiiliurisi, of more importance thau
at a season when fruit is more abundant. The exhibi
tion of Mr Vuse's Angoiileine I'ears at our lust exbibi<
tion, could not have been shown to so great advaiilagr
at any other time. We understand Mr Vose was indue
ed to pan wilh a portion of his AngouUimes lo ii grocori
and we have been informed lliey were resold al fiftj
ccnls eiich — ,in evidence of the high cstimaliun the citi<
zens ofUnston put on choice fruits.

Mr Manning exhibited seven varieties of Pears today,
of medium size, al maiurily, four of which were superi'
or, viz : Lewis of Bologna; iNo. I'JItf, unnaiiie I, frooii>
Van .Moiis; Eiif.in Prodigc, and Hacon's Incomparable.
No. 1230, unnamed, from Van Mons, Tellinglou and
I'rongipane were desirable fruits, but not judged so good'.
as the four first.

Mr Manning also presented the Red Jellyfiower, t>
good Apple, and the Corniah Aromatic, past its prime.

Mr Grosvenur exhibited Angouleme fears, and Mr
Pund some Quinces.

For the Committee,

BENJ. V.FRENCH. ,

The good people of New York, " according to Ihe pa>
pers," says ihe Concord Freeman, are to have t/ire*
Tliankagivin<;s this year. Tlie Boston Transri ml stale*
that one is to be on Thursday, the 19th day ol l>i-ceni-
her, which. nC';ording to our almanoe, is Sui-.i.ni Th»
Boston Alios says one is lo be on Thursday, Ue>.einb«r
30tli, and the I'osi a-serta thai one la to lake place o»
Thursday, Ueceiiiber 9lh. If all this is Irue, nol a lur-'
key will be left alive in Ihc Stale.

It ia related of a farmi r on Long Island, lhat on the
birth of each child he planted a hundred locust tree*.
.\s his children came of age, the proceeds ol Ihe bun Ired
trees, afforded eiicti a handsome outfit. We tru:>l ih*
fona imilnled the example of ilieir sire.

t

\Ot.. XT. >'0.

A N D H 0 K T 1 C U L T L' li A L REGISTER

1^9

TlltnMO.METlurAI..

Rrix'ilrd fi.t lllr .\rw EntlunK *'»•'

i!i" rioTiiKimFirr nl ilip (innlriiof
K.o'liti.l Kuriiipr. Ilrich(.>n. M:ii
il>' KBre, wwli (■mlini Not. 16.

N

i-^n.

' 1

6. A.M.

11, M.

1 6:e.M.

Winil.

8

IS

37

u

S.

9

36

*■!

35

E

nv,

Id

31

St

!0

K.

II

21

*i

1 33

tN.W.

13

3J

36

1 37

E.

lur.l

1.1

37

U

1 39

W.

El

14

.13

44

1 45

S. E.

JKKiil ro.N M.\RKi: r — Mo»i>»T, Nov. 15, IB41.

Rfiv.rn-.l r..f Ilif N»w K.iicUnil Farmiir.
\\ >1 irkel 2250 lloel Citlli-. 1(XX) Stores, 550O Sheep
1 lO.tU Swiiie.

•fic I ».— «<■«/■ CntUt—Finl (\uMly,$^ 50 a 6 00-
ond (lunliiy, f 4 50 a 6 -J5. 'riiiid quality $3 OU a

9

1,1 r

riling Catlle.—\Ve quote Mess $1 35. Nu. I,
.No. I'. f->,50.
!fi»r«. — Two Tear old $S a 15. Tlirce venr old, $14
■t.

SW'/> — Salin were made at llm fcdlnwing piices,
00. $1 2d, $1 42, $1 bS, $1 e^, §2 00, !\iid $y 23.
'H-i'ir —Salpi quick nt a small advance l.uls lo |ied
3 I 4 .1 4 for FKjws, and 4 :i-4 a 5 for barrows. At
ii. I I-- fi>r sows and 5 1-2 for barrows.

Plit'.tf TRKKK €»IV l»H;.M IIOTTllMN.

Sauilrcry «ii|i»riiir I'liimlr.-.-., Ill iIl.'J>m..i rii;
r.ius ^rovrili, I'liijriiliril iin fliiiii >Iih k«. nii.l «
r 8 f.'i'i III hi'i);lii,Fiulpraciii)(oll ilic liiirai iH-ar-
nit kinds, for «nlf iii <50 p,T liiiii Itr.f, nr at l»
oris per (In/rn. 'I'lioc Irn-n are worlli at lrn«i,
IwiLi- «r llirico a« morh a< tlione ttnualljr nrt'prni l.ir unlp.
I'racli Ircrv, & lo .s leal, at tUi per luo. Cliuiiics, 7 lo ID
feel, nl «4il p.-r hundred. .Apples, 7 In i feel, Ui per I' 0.
Penr?, »37 I a per 100, and lunjer and rarer kindi 60 ceriu
each. Neclarinea, 37 cvnis. Apricols, 37 ceiitn. Quokr
I'frrics finest kimU, «2 per dnzrii. Lnr«i! lU-d Antwerp
IlssplK^rries, 6 leel hii|h, tlO per 1 00 and fine Ked Knsplier-
ry fnr market tj |>er inn. Isnbella, ami Cniawba drapes,
iii per 100. Oranife Quince, $30 per lOn.

Orders per mail, will receive prompt aitention, ami the
nmouni can be enclosed therewiih, nr remilled on receipi nf
the trees, and all ihe trees will he selected and |>nckcd with
such cure, as lo ensure Balufaclinn. The auliscriber allenda
personally to all orders.

WM. R. PRINCE,
Linnaean Ourden and Nurseries, Plusliing.
Nov. 17 3w

Dl'TCII BrLRS.

The snhscribers would iolorm iheir friends and customers
that they have jusi received a splendid assnrlinent of Dutch
Rulbs, consisting of double and sin;;le Hyacinths of all colors,
Pnlynnilnis, Narcissus Hlailiolus, Crocus, Oown Imperials.
Tulips, double and single, Ins, *c. iic , warranted lo be of
tine quality. For sale by JOSEPH BKEOK Si CO

Nov. 10,

-X

<j>aigj^-,»j.*;i^.rrit-

M'lIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Cormted trith great care, weekly.

FEn>= Herdsfirass, $3 00to 3 60 perbnsh.;! Red Top,
5.'. cuts. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Southern, II to 12 c.
S.eJ. it 37 to I 5J bu. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb. Ca
Seed, not a bushei in Ihe market.

LOliR. In consequence of head winds there has been
liitif KInjr afloat for several days: thu, inijether wiih
isual active demand at his season, has caused an ad.
e ol 25 a 37c. per bbl , in Gei.esee, during the week
i, earlT in the week, of Genesee, 86 37 : at the close S6
,os p.nid for common brands, and S6 87 a 6 94 for fancy.

re has bceu a ^oo i demand for Southern, for the West
?s. Sales son bbls. Baltimore City Mills, 36 44 a C 50,
i. ; 300 do Howardslreet, 16 50, 4 mos. ; 250 George-
, •6 50, 4 mos. ; 400 do. do. extra, $6 76 ; 200 do. Rich-

d. S6 50, 4 mos. cr.

.Itimore Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. t6 62— tio. wharf,

)— do. free of garlic, *6 62— Philadelphia do. 4 mos.

J — Fredericksburg, lowered. 4 mos. *6 5u — Alexandria,

-f mountain, SS 60 -Georgetown, S6 62 a 6 67— Rich-

i Canal, 86 62 — do. Ciiy, •? 00 a 7 25— Petersburgh,
aide, *7 00 a 7 25- Genesee, common, cash, «6 81 a

—do. fancy brands 86 94 — Indian Sleal lu bbls,, S3 50.

IIAIN.—C;nrn— Northern, bushel 74 to 76— Round Vel-

72 a 73— Southern Flat Yellow 71 a 72— White do 63 a

-Bye Northern 76 to 78— Oats— Southern 4S to 6u—

hem 52 10 54.

10VISI().\S. There has been an increased demand fur
during the week, and the outside prices have generally
realized. The market for Pork has been of iale very

1 depressed by the great quantity of soured and rusty
Is which have been forced offal auction. Holders of a
and sound article decline any further to accede lo the

iffers made by buyers, and the market is now more firm.
idvaiiee a liltle on our previous quotations. For Lard
is d good demand, and considerable sales at 7 a 7 l-4c.
hippinij; 150 kegs butler sold by auction at 12 a 16c.

J).

el — Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 49 25 a 9 60 — Navy— Sg 23 a

-No. I t7 25 a 7 75 — do Prime $5 50 a 6 00— Pork-
clear, 4 mo. bbl. 813 — do Clear ill — do Mess $4 5U
— (io Prime S7 OU a r 50— do Mess from other Stales
1 9 5)— do Prime »7 00 a 7 50— Clear ill 00 a 3|2 On

\Y, per ton. *!S lo 20— Eastern Screwed 917 to 13.

lEESE— Old 4 to » c— New S-to 7.
GS, 14 a 16.

OOL. Duty. The Talue whereof at Ihe place of ei-

tion shall not exceeds cts. per pound, free. All where-

; value exceeds S cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
per pound.
ere is no change in the prices of this article. Sales to

• exieni have been made of both fleece and pulled.

me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 48 a 60 c— Amer-
full blood, do 43 a 45--Do. 3 4 do 40 a 42— Do. I -2 do
3S— 1-4 and cnmmoD do 30 a 33 —Smyrna Sheep,

ed, 30 a 27— Do. unwashed. 10 a 14— Bengasi do

0— Saxony, clean, — Kuenns Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10—

rfine Northern pulled lamb 42 a 45— No. I do. do. do.

40 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30- No. 3 do do do 18 a 20.

RUCKTHOHN!* WANTED.

The subscribers wniikl like to purchase 10,000 Buckthorn
pliints.l yearsold. Apply ul the New England Farmer
Otfice, Nos. 51 and 62 North Market street. J >SEPH
BRECK & CO. Not. 9.

Brighton, neah Boston,
Situated on Ihe line of Ihe Boston and fVoTcester Rail
Road,--5 miles from the cilij.
The Proprietors of this extensive nursery beg
leave to inlorm their friends and ihe public, that
theyare ready lo furnish orders to any amount,
fnr Foreji Trees, indigenuous and exotic

Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of
Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c.
Vines— Shrubs, Green House Plants, &.c.
Catalogues may be obtained by applying at the Nursery.
Trees carefully packed, to ensure safety in long voyages.
Orders lefi at the New England Seed Store of J. Breck&
Co. Nos. 51 and 52, North .Market street, will be delivered
the day following.

Letters containing orders, addressed to Ihe subscribers,

J. & F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseries, Oct. 27, 1341.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

(.real linprovein,,, 1,1,,,,.,. 1„.,.„ „,„,|e ,he past yeirinlha
form and workmnn.bip r,( ihe.e Plough.; the mn..: I l.ard
has lieen informed as lo lay the /vrmn romplrlrlv neer
lurn,n/r,n every ,, article (f grant or tiiMIe, and le'iring Ike
frnnnil in Me fcr«/ pos.ihU mnnner. The len(ilb r.f ih*
mould board has In n very much inrreaaert, «o ibni ih*
Plough work, with Ihe greatest ease, both wiih re.iM-cl to
the hoi ling and (he team. The Committee at Ihe iale IriaJ
of Ploughs ni W.ireesier, sny,

" Should mil- opinion be nskeil iis lo wbirh nf ibe PInughi
we shnuld prefer b.r use on a farm, we miitht perhap. mv io
Ibe inquirer, il your land is inosily light anJ ea«v lo woik,
iry Prouly & Menrs. but ifvour /ondw '•rary,h.,rl orrocl.v
BBGiN WITH Mr. HnwAno'a '

At Ihe above me'tioned irial the Howard Pl"ugh itid
more vork. with Ihe same ptvcr nf team, tlian any oilier
plough exhibited. No oiher turned more ihnn Iweniysi- -en
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught uli'ile ih»
Hmrnrd Plough turned ticrntt/nine and one luilf in.htt lo
me power of team ! All ncknnwledgc that liou

the

Ploughs are much the strongest and most substanliallT
made, '

There has been quiie an imprnvcmenl made on Ihe shii«,
or land side of tins Plough, which can he renewed without
having lo furnish a new bindsiile ibis shoe likewise secuies
Ihe mould board mid luiidside mgellier, and sirengiheiis \\t»
Plough very much.

The price nf the Ploughs is from »6 to »I6. A Ploiiph,
sufficient for breakina up with fnur cattle, will cost abnnl
«.o 50, and with culler « I, with wheel and cutter, (3 60
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and relail,at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Si..ie.
Nos. 51 &. 53 North .Market Sire.i, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

isl'N OIAL.S.

Just received a f;\v of .Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Diala, t
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the timt
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cenU. For sale by

J. liKECK 4- CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept I

FRUIT AND ORXAMENTAl. TRKES, ±.o.

HSERV OF WILLIAM KENRICK. NO.NHNTD.M HILL,

Of Peach and Pear Trees, of Plum and
Cherry Trees a collection unrivalled in any
former year for eiicnsive numbers of fine trees,
of those most highly productive, and valuable'
of new and finest kinds.
GoMseberries of first quality, Applos, Quinces, Nectarines,
.Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Currants, Strawber-
ries, &c. &c.

The new abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will be sent to all whoapply

Ornamenhil Trers awl Shr,i'j<, Hnney.'iuckles, (f-r. Splen-
did varieties of Double bellow Harrison and oiher Roses.
of Tree Paeonies, of Herbaceous I'aeonies, and other flower-
ing plants— of Double Dahlias, &c. Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds. Cockspur Thorns. &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will he promptly
attended to; and Trees when so orderei!, will be securely
packed in mans and moss for safe transportation to all dis-
tant places, by land or sea, and delivered in the city free ol
charge for transporting by the wagon which is senl thither
daily, or orders may be left at the Stand at No. 44 Congress
St, Boston,

WII.LI.XM KENRICK
Nonantum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. 6. 1 j4i.
eplDl Oct. 27

GRISTDSTONES.

An extensive assorlm,-nt of Water and Hand Grindstoies
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBAKli
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. i.siy Nov 17

L'STANu Liaie:.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes

find it greatly to their advantage to try the St. George Co'».
L'Elang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over Ihe Hope Insurance Office, Stale St., Boston.
Sept. S. 3m

DRAFT AND TRACK CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
2110 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK i CO.,

April tl

No. 62 North Market st.

TTK rp CHAWS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for l»«-
inir up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Debbt, Esq. of Salem,
and Col jAcauEs, for the purpose of securing cattle to tha
slall,are found t< he the safest and most convenient nod*
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market «.

KDSrt'ND T. HASTINGS A. CU.
Pore Sperm OU.

No. 101 State St, keep constantly for sale. Winter, .Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of the best quality and to baru witboit
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.

Boston, Jan. I, 1841. isly

THANSPLAiVTIlVG.

The autumn is prefered to tb« spring by
lany nursery men and orcbardists, lor trans-
laming hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
lums. The present is a less busy season thao
the Spring, aod those who intend to purchaao
ircis can probably get 8 belter arlicle and obtain it with
more iii-|iaicli now than next April. The frosts hava
already been sufficient to destroy the rnlinge, and the opera
lion ol iransplanling may be done wiih safely.

We .-an supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plum, and oiher
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs at Nursery
prices, and pack to send with safety to any part of the Coun-
Jed to.

try. All orders faithfully ottende

Oct. 27

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

160

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. ir, 1S41.

MISCELLANEOUS.

From the Philadelphia Friend.
The followini; lines were written hy » poor mcchonic of
Killileagh, Down, Ireland on seeing a family prayer hook
which contained ihese words in the preface :—" This l)Ook
is intended to assist those who have not yet acquired the
happy an of .iddressing themselves to God in scripiural and
appropriate language."

While praying is deemed an an so happy

By a few who others rule,

Jesus teach us its importance,

In thy self-denying school.

Prayer 's the sweetest, noblest duly,

Highest privilege of man,
God 's exalied— man 's ahased,

Prayer unites their natures one.

God alone can teach his children,

By his spirit, how to pray ;
Knows our wants, and gives the knowledge,

What to ask, and what to say.

Why should man then manufacture
Hooks of prayer to eel them sold,

Sttri delusion ! strive to barter
Christ's prerogative for gold!

Where 's the book, or school or college,

That can teach a man to pray 7
Words they give from worldly knowledge ;•

Learn of Christ, then— He 'j the way.

Why ask moniy from the people
For these barren books of prayer ?

Paper, ink, and words are in them.
But alas ! Christ is not there.

Those who seek shall surely find Him,

Not in books— He reigns within ;
Formal prayers can never reach Him,

Neither can he dwell with sin.

Words arc free as they are common,
Some in them have wond'rous skill.

But saying Lord, will never save them,
Those He loves, who do His wiU.

Words may please the lofty fancy.

Music charm the li^l'ning ear.
Pompous words may please the giddy.

But Christ, the Saviour is not there.

Christ '8 the way, the path to heaven,

Life is ours, if him we know.
Those who can pray, he has taught them,

Those who can't, should words forego.

When a child wants food and raiment,

Why not ask his parent dear?
Ask in laith then — Cjod 's our falher.

He '8 at hand, and he will hear.

Prayer s an easy, simple duty,

'T is the language of the soul ;
Grace demandi it, grace receiTCP it.

And Grace must reign nljove Iho whole,

God requires not gracelul postures.
Neither words arranged with form :

8och a thought I— it presupposes.
That with words, we God can charm !

God alone roust be exalted.

Every earthly thought must fall;

Such IS prayer, and piaise triumpbant.
Then does Christ reign over all.

Every heart should be a temphe,
God should dwell our heans within.

Every day should be a Sabbath,
Every hour redeemed from sin.

Every place, a place of worship.

Every tune, a tune of prayer,
Every sigh should rise to heaven.

Every wish should centre there.

Heartfelt sighs and heaven-born wishes.

Or the poor uplifted eye,
These are prayers that God will answer.

They ascend his throne on high.

Spirit of prayer ! be thou the portion

Of all those who wait on thee,
Helpus!— shield us !— lead us !— guide as 1—

Thine the praise, the glory be I

Admiral Wager, of the British Navy, began his
career upon the ocean, as an apprentice to an hon-
est old Quaker, Capt. Hull, of Newport, Rhode
Island. On the first serious trial of his mettle, he
gave proof of those (jualitics so essential to a sea-
man, and especially an otBcer — coolness and cou-
rage. His master's ship, commanded by his mas-
ter, was approached by a piratical schooiior, full of
men, thirsting for spoils and for blood. Capt.
Hull's quakerism would not allow him to defend
himself or his vessel ; but young Wager was no
quaker, and determined that the guilt of liis blood
should not, if he could help it, be upon the pirates'
heads. After a good deal of earnest entreaty, and
a litile respectable force, he got the good captain
into the cabin, and accidentally fastened him in.

Taking command of the ship, he made hasty but
efficient preparations to run over the pirate. Hull
watched his movements with intense interest; and
looking out from the companion-way and perceiv-
ing the abject of young Wager, could not help ob-
serving to him — " Charles, if thee intends to run
over that schooner, thee must put the helm a little
more to the starboard." Charles observed the di-
rection of the quaker. The ship passed directly
over the schooner, which sunk instantly, and every
pirate perished. This exploit procured for Charles
a commission in the British Navy, and thus laid
the foundation of his fame and fortune — Eitter
JVf.ws Letter.

Gai;:EN'8 PATENT STBAW CUTTKR.

Oripin of the word Lady. In an old work of the
date of 17G3, is the following account of the term
lady: "As I have studied more what appertains to
the Indies than gentlemen, I will satisfy you how
it came to pass that women of fortune were called
ladies. Vou must know, thai heretofore it was the
fashion for a lady of affluence, to distribute a cer-
lr\in (|iiantity of bread, once a week or oftencr,
among her poor neighbors, with her own hands, on
she was called by them the L'ffday, that is, the
bread-giver. These two words were in time cor-
rupted, and the meaning is now as little known ns
the practice which gave rise to it"

The word dun was first used during the reign
of Henry VH. It owes its birth to Joe Dunn, nn
Knglish bnililT, who was so indefatigable and skill-
ful in collecting debts, thnt it becamo a proverb
when a person did not pay his debts, " Why do n't
you Dunn him?" that is, "Why don't ymi send
Dunn (liter him .'" Hence originated the word
which is in so general use.

JOSEPH BRECK tc CO. at the New England .Agr
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and ,12 Norib I
ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay
Stalk cotter, operating on a mechanical principle not bi
applied to asv impleflienl for this purpose. The most pi
inent effects of this application, and some of the conseq ^
peculiarities of the machine are : *

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power reqn
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sutli
to work it etficieotly.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts twob
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been clai
by any other machine even when worked by horse or Bl
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any t
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable
complicated machines in general use to get nut ofordt

APPLE: PARER8.

Just received at the New England Agricultural W
house. No 51 and 62 Nonh Market Street, a good snpp.
Stanley's Superior Apple Pnrers, a very useful article. \
one nf these machines a bushel of apples may le pare»
a very short lime in the besl possible manner, and iilhl
saving of ihe apple, as the oulsides may l>c taken offr
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N. I
WILLIS', No. 45 Norih Market Street, SCUDDER, C
DIS Jt CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & C«

I

Popular Olafjazlnes. irllh rich and Beai^Ui
EngravluK'.

The subscribers being Ihe aulliorized agenls, supply^
scribers in all parts of N. Eugiauil, as fur the last <
years, with the principle magazines, issued in this, and I
ciues, as —

The Lady's Book, and Lady's .Imcrican Magi
Edited by .Mr^ Hale, und Sigourney, with rich and
lieiiulifureiigravings. monthly, at per year S3 00.

The work has attained a circulation of nearly
Moiiihlv.

(jralutm's Ladie's and Genthman's .Magazine —
original sloiies and the choicest engravings monthly, a
year *3 00.

The Yoidh's JMtdalion, — with Engravings
Music,— twice a month, at per year tl 00.

The Christian Family Afngazinc, — at per year $1

Address JORDAN 4i CO., 121 Washington, opp|
Water street.

Intelligent men wanted as agenls to these, and other vN

Oct. 6 3t

UlllNDSTONBS, ON rRICTtO.^ ROL.L.Ii:Rl.i

Grindstones of dillerent sizes hung on friction rollect"
moved with a loot treader, is lound to be a great iinpl^
nicnl on the present mode of hanging grindslom's.
ease with which they move upon the rollers, remlers t
very easy to tu|rri with the fool, by which ihe labor of
man is saved, and the person in 'the act of giiiuling,
govern the stone more to his mind by having the comp
control of his work. Sloncs hung in this manner an
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give uni
sal salisfaclinn. The rollers con bi Itaehed to stones I
in the common way.

For sale hy JOSEI'H BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 am
North Market Boslen. Juljl

NEW ENGLAND FARMlil:

A WEKKLy PAPF.K.

The Editorial deportment of this paper I i
into the hands of llio subscriber, he Ik now
by lli« publisliers to inform llio public that i •
the paper U reduced, in future the lerrnf »il
per year m advance, or $2 50 if noi paid wal.ii
days. ALLEN PI. If

N. H — PoKtmaitors am reqaired by law lo
sobscriptii ns ai d roinittancea for newspapers,
eipcnso to subicribem.

TtJTTLB A1»D DKBHKTT, PKIHTERS."

AND II O R T I C U L T U R A L REGIS T G R .

PUIU,1SHKI> BY JOSEPH BR&K it CO., NO. sa NOUTH MAllKET STRKKT, (Ao.icuitubal WA«tHooit.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBKR 21, 1841.

[\n, ai.

N. E. FARMER.

ELIOT'S ESS. AYS.
These essays on husbandry, from whicli we liavo
Mdy made copious extracts, and intend yot to
more, were published in 1747 ; and tliough so

wo know not where else in the English lan-
»ge to tind an hundred pages conUnung more
lod agricultural philosophy and advice than is
ron in tliese hundred pages of the old Connecti-

clergynian. Below we give a portion of hia re-
rks upon the means of producing giiod crops
iout manure, or with litile manure; and though

lands at the present tiwio require more aid from

manure heap than Mr R. thought his might de-
ad, yet his leading idea, thai much stirring of

land has similar efl'ects to those produced by

urc, is undoubtedly sound and worthy of re-
mbrance : —

I propose to set before the reader the way of

ding our poor land and raising crops either
hout any dung at all, or if any be applied, it

II be in a small quantity, tljat the expense will

but little, compared with the coiniiion way of

bandry.

n this undertaking I pretend to no othp"- rrcrtt
that —
To explain the doctrine or principles of Mr

1, in such a manner as to bo open to any com-
understanding.

. To offer such reasons and proofs for the sup-
of these principles, as will naturally occur.
To direct to the perforiiianco of the work

1 inslrumenu less intricate, more plain, cheap,

commodious, than those used and described by

Tull.

'he snly way we have to enrich the land, is by

f, or by tillage separately, or by both of them
ther. It is performed by dividing the earth
many parts, or as the common way uf speaking,
done by making the ground mellow and soft,

Jiol the roots may freely pass and find their
er nourishment. The more mellow and fine
earth is made, the more roots will be sent out
1 corn or whatever is sowed or planted in such
ow land, and the more soft and mellow the
nd is made, there will be not only more roots,
they will be longer and extend farther, so that
corn, turnip, carrot, or whatever plant it is,
receive so much the more nnurishiiieiit, and
equently grow so much the bigger and better.

g, or any other manure, divides the ground,
the parts at a distance, and so gives a free pas-

o the roots of plants. In this action the
in dung hath much the same operation and
tas leaven or emptyings hath on dough; it
;s it rise, makes it light, that is, sets the parts
distance. If nothing be done to divide the
I, and make the ground mellow by plowing, or
;, or both, no crop can be expected. Sow <ir
t upon untillei! land, which is hard and unculti-
I, no corn will grow. If the earth can be as
divided and made as mellow by plowing, dig-
or hoeing, why should not tillage do without

dung — provided the tillage bo equal or in propor-
tion to dung? To do this in the common way of
repeated plain plowing and harrowing, would be
too much charge and labor; for Mr Tull said, that
three limes plain plowing did only prepare the land
for tillage. There is a way by tillage alone, with-
out dung, to make the land fine and mellow, and
this way is cheap and effectual ; is done in the fol-
lowing manner :

first, plow your ground plain, and plow it deep;
if you have no dung, you must have the more loose
mellow earth : when it is thus plowed, harrow it
well with an iron tooth harrow, let it lie a fortnight,
exposed to the sun, air and dews, then plow it into
ridges; to every ridge there must be eight furrows
of the plain plowing, two furrows covered, four
plowed, and two left open ; so that in ridge plow-
ing the team and plow travels but half so l-ir as in
plain plowing; ridge plowing will cost but half so
iniich as plain plowing.

I suppose I need not give any particular direc-
tions coiiccrnins' plowing the land into ridges, eve-
ry plowman understands this, or if he doth not, he
may soon learn it of them that do. When it is
thus plowed into ridges, it is prepared to plant with
wheat, or cabbages, carrots, or what else you see
fi' tc pW"!. In what manner, ai. J vwJi "ii^.. i"-
strumonts the seeds of wheat, turnips, or cabbages
are to be planted, I shall describe under the third
head. I shall only add in this place that the wheat
is to be planted in two rows on the middle of the
ridge, the rows to be at ten inches distance; the
cabbages and turnips in one row on the middle of
the riilirp thp tiirntns nt 81V inrhPi dislancp frr.m
each other, cabbages at a foot and a half, or two |
feet distance ; carrots are to be planted in two rows
at ten inches distance ; that is, the space between |
the rows is to be ten inches, the carrots to be
planted at six inches distance one from the dlher,
as they stand in the line or row.

The reader will observe, that as yet there is no
more tillage applied to the land than what is com-
mon and usual in our ordinary way of husbandry.
Now, what follows, 13 that in which the art and
mystery dolli consist ; and when it is described and
set before you, will appear so simple, so little, so
mean, that it will be to you, as Go wash in Jordan
was to Naamaii the Syrian. Suppose it be turnips,
cabbage or carrots planted in the spring, (for as to
what relates to wheat, the golden urain, I propose
to treat of that distinctly by itself,) — as soon as
your cabbages and turnips can be seen, weed them
with a small hand-hoe. The carrots for the first
time must be weeded with the fingers ; this is te-
dious work ; when tliis is done, and the plants a
little grown so as to be plainly seen, then take one
yoke of oxen, a long yoke, so long that one ox may
go in one furrow, and the other ox in the other,
and the ridge between, in the same manner as we
plow Indian corn ; and with n common ox plow,
turn off a furrow from the ridge, coming as close
to the plants as you can, and not plow them up;
you may come within two or three inches, if the
oxen and plow are good. Thus lake off a furrow
from each side of every ridge till all is plowed;

1st it lie in this stHlc a fiirtiii;;ht or three wcoki,
then with the plow turn up the two furrnva to the
ridge ; slay about as long as before, and turn the
two furrows off from the ridge again ; the oftener
this is repeated, so much the belter: wo ordinarily
do it but four times ; but seven times will do better.
When the plants grow larger, you must keep the
plow at a greater distance; for if you plow as near
the plants as when they are small, you will cut off
too many roots.

You must hoe between the rows of carrots with
a narrow hand hoc, lo kill ilie weeds : and to till
the ground between the rows, you must mind to
dig deop.

Turnips, and whatever is [ilanted in a single
line or row, must be lended with a hand hoe while
the plants are young, and 'till all the weeds are
destroyed so that you may use the plow. I have
been obliged to enter into the practical part of this
sort of husbandry, without which I should not he
able to explain the principles, or doctrinal part, as
I proposed under the first head.

1. This way of tilling land makes it exceeding
fine, soft and mellow beyond what you would im-
agine: this, we have slievfed already, is one thing
requisite and needful.

ij. I>y uiio l.ilu^. wn open such cicds and parts
of earth aa never were opened befrfre, and conse-
quently never was touched by any root ; its whole
nourishing virtue remains entire: in short, it is new
land. Every one knows what new land will do
before its native and original strength and vigor is
consumed and exhausted by the roots of corn and
other plants. Thus this sort of ti'lRge '''^•b, 'i '.
degree, furnish us with new land. In this way
old things become now.

3. In tins way of tillage we entirely destroy and
extirpate all weeds and grass, yea, even that stub-
born grass called blue grass, which is so hurtful to
corn : by which a whole crop is frequently almost
destroyed. This grass by many is called Dutch
grass; and probably that grass in England there
called Couch grass, may be the same, and miscalled
here Dutch, from a resemblance or likeness of
sound — their farmers making the same complaint
of it as ours do here. The destruction of weeds
and grass is of great advaiiUge in tillage. Weeds
very much exhaust the land, hinder and damnify
the crop: the more these robbers are destroyed,
the more nourishment there is for corn.

Repeated plowing in land that is too light, and
the pores too large, will settle it down and close it
together, contract and lessen the pores, as well as
raise the heavy land and enlarge its pores. This
seeming contradiction, this blowing hot and cold
out of the same mouth, may be well enough recon-
ciled, and accounted for in a philosophical manner;
but so long as experience shows that all this is
true, it will be to no advantage to the farmer to
say more about it ; nor should I hove entered so
far into the philosophy nf tillage as I have done,
were it not necessary for a practical farmer to un-
derstand it so far as to make a judgment, and sec
into the reason of this new kind of tillage and
fanning; aad this is the more needful, as there is a

16-2

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NOV. 24, 1*41.

prejudice in men's minds aijainstwhat is new, or at
least what men suppose to be new.

I will liftre give such reasons and proofs for the
Biip])ort of the principles of tillage above described,
as did occur upon the one year's trial which I made.

After my land was prepared and plowed into
ridges, it was planted with cabbages, carrots, tur-
nips, onions and beels, and a furrow plowed otf
from each side of the ridge, and then plowed on;
and this being repeated four or five times from
spring to fall, the event was, the weeds were killed,
the ground grow fine and mellow, clods and knots
broken and reduced to du^t; the plants put out nu-
merous roots, spread and grew very finely; all the
ground was mellow, not only the furrows which
were plowed, but also the comb or ridgn in the
middle, as it was narrow and so exposed to the air
and dew on three sides, it was struck through,
grew mellow, and received as much advantage by
the tillage as that part of the ridge which was
plowed off and on. The land being plowed deep,
there was a great quantity of fine earth prepared
to receive the dews and salts of the air, and suffi-
cient room for the roots to spread and branch out
on all sides, so that every thing grew apace and
were large, although there was no Uuns; applied:
the same land would produce in the ordinary way,
carrots no bigger than a common candle ; in this
tliore were many eight, ten, and some twelve in-
ches in circumference; they were so large, that
three ridges of fifteen rods long each, two rows on
a ridge, produced more tlian twenty bushels ; so
an whole acre's product, yielding in the same pro-
portion, would be two hundred and thirty bushels ;
)iad the three ridges yielded no more than twen

its growth. It is intended to intervene between
the last crop of the four-course system, which is
generally wheat, and to be eaten, and the land
plowed and worked for a crop of turnips. It is
equally applicable to all kinds of rotations, and
would well precede a fallow or a crop of rape.
As it is generally upon farms where the four-course
system is pursued, that spring feed is most wanted,
the writer will confine his observations to that ro-
tation.

" So soon as the wheat is cut in the autumn, the
plow should be set to work. This may be done
even before it is carted, during the mornings of
harvest. A single plowing is given, and a very
slight dressing of any kind of short manure. In
some cases where the farmer lays on his manure
in the autumn, for turnips the ensuing year, it
might be belter to lay it on before the plowing. It
should be remembered that the sligiit dicbiiiig
should not all be considered as given to the rye;
in reality it becomes incorporated with the soil,
and more intimately mixed with it than by the or-
dinary mode of spreading it on in the autumn, and
any part of it which the rye may abstract, will be
more than compensated by the droppings of the
slock, and the carbonic acid gas which they evolve
while consuming it; and which the soil more readi-
ly absorbs in the spring than in any other part of
the year, evaporation going on at that period to a
much smaller extent than in any other.

The seed must be sown upon the plow. seam
broadcast, at the rate of 2 ]-2 bushels |)er acre, and
if of that year's growth so much the better, as it
is earlier and more certain of germination. To
this a peck of rape seed per acre should be added.

ty bushels, hcsidi'S the greater increase of the crop, for although the latter is not able to stand a win-

it is done cheap and with more case, as tlie horse
plow performs the work with more expedition than
it can be done by hand, so it is done much better
for the present crop, and also mends and enricheth
the land, and prepares it for future improvement.
It is easier this way, to raise five bushels of car-
rots t.'ian one in the common way. I also tried
this method of tillage with turnips planted in a
single row ; by the middle of June they were sur-
prisingly large; as I did not weigh or measure
them, I am not able to give a perfect account of
them.

GREE.N FEED IN THE SPRING.

Many farmers in the vicinity of this city whose
pastures are poor, feel the want of a more succu-
lent food for milch cows in the month of May than
can ordinarily bo obtained. Two or three years
ago, we heard the question started, whether winter
rye might not bo profil.nbly resorted to for supply,
ing this deficiency. Neither the inquirer nor we
could see any reason why this grain might not
well be employed for the purpose in question. We
have not forgotten the matter, and it is in our pre-
sent plans to sow rye among Indian corn next Ju-
ly, where we shall cultivate without hill, and in
the following spring feed on soil with the rye. —
That the course promises success, is rendered pro
bable by the following paragraphs taken from i
prize essay, by Matthew M. Milburn, contained in
vol. ii. part 2, of the Journal of the Koyal Agricul-
tural Society of England :

" It is the intention of the writer now to state
his experience, and offer his recommendation of a
crop embracing several advantages peculiar to it-
self. It is that of rye, oaten in the early stages of

ter when the frost sets in early and severe, in many
cases it will get sufficiently vigorous to resist any
ordinary frost, and will much improve the feed in
the spring. Should the rape not be sown, a peck
of winter tares per acre will improve the feed, or
an additional peck of rye may be added ; as a ful-
ler bite and excited growth in its early stages will
be secured — a point gained when wanted to de-
pasture, although it might be injurious if sown for
a crop.

In cultivating rye as feed, there need be no
fears entertained of its becoming ' winter proud,'
for as that only affects the ears of tlie corn, it is a
circumstance of no importance, and therefore the
earlH>r it is sown the belter able it is to resist the
early frosts, as well as having a better cover and
more leed when wanted. When sown it should
be thoroughly harrowed, but not rolled — a double
with a pair of fine harrows is sufficient, and the
6ur.''ace weeds should be gathered off, or the whole
raked with the hand, which will nioro elliciently
cover the seed. An advantage is gained to the
soil by this plowing, which cannot be obtained
when the land is sown with the vetches. The an-
nual weeds on the old surface are prevented from
running to seed, and a new surface is exposed to
the air and frost.

The rye will be fit for consuming the last week
in .March or the first in April, or if allowed to re-
main until the middle of the lattor month, it will
carry a grratcr quantity of stock. After it is iho-
roughly eaton up, it should be freed, and by the
first week in May will afford another pasture of
fine young nutritious feed ; at least, in ordinary
seasons. It is bad management, though sometimes
practiced, to allow the rye to remain uneaten until

will become much less palatable and useful. By
consuming it young it is much more valuable, and
the succession crop equally so as the first.

The second crop being consumed, the plow
must be put into operation, and the soil prepared
for the succeeding crop; ami the advantage of its
cultivation — by no means a small one — is, that it
interferes with no other crop.

Rye has the decided advantage of being capable
of resisting any conceivable degree of frost, and
when even the hardy wheat is carried olT hy an un-
genial season, it will escape injury, and even thrive.
At this time (Feb. 21, 1840.) the writer has a plot
growing for feed, which would now affnrd more
eating than almost any mixture of artificial grasses
in the middle of April, and that on a thin light soil
not worth more to rent than 25s. |ier acre.

It should be remembered that this interferes with
no operation of husbandry, and prevc.its no cropi
so that no rent of land or other extras are to bi
reckoned — the plowings would be nearly the san*
if the rye were not sown. Nothing is better re«
lished bv stock at the season when it is intended
to be used ; a guide by no means unsafe as to itti
nutritious qualities, and which is borne oot by thd
condition of the stock feeding on it.

To recapitulate the advantages of its cultivation

1. Provision of excellent green food is made Bt
a season of the year when of all others it is moHf
wanted.

2. It is produced without sacrificing any portioi
of the usual rctations«pur6ued on a farm, and witM
little extra labor, nor does it interfere with tha
management of any preceding or succeeding cropi|

3. It will grow on any soil, but is especial^
calculated for poor loose sand, when every othai
green esculent is more or less uncertain.

4. It will bear any degree of frost to which oi
climate is subject, and is sufficiently hardy to deM
the effects of the coldest situations in the counti|
being there cultivated instead of wheat for a ci
crop necessity.

5. It is as inexpensive or more so than any gnkt
or leguminous plant.

C. It is readily consumed by stock, cspcciall]
young animals.

7. It improves rather than deteriorate the soil
upon which it is grown.

TO PREVENT THE GIRDLING OF TREES
BY MICE IN WINTER
We find the following paper among the Memoij
of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, puj
lished in IglO:—

To the Hon. John Lowell, Esij.— Sir — The v(
great destruction of fruit trees, occasioned by mi)
and moles, during the winters of the two or ihl
last years, has made it an object of the utmost il
portance to discover the host means of prcvcntil
the mischief, or to invent a remedy for the e\
alter it has taken place. SSo prodigiously hav(
these pernicious vermin multiplied of late, in sotni
places, as to threaten the destruction not only O'
fruit trees, but also of forest trees, and the gra»i
of our best mowing fields. During the winter
1808 and ISO'.!, they were known in some cases
attack a whcde copse of small trees, leaving scat
ly one ungirdled ; and in many mowing fields,
glitter almost the whole surface of the ground,
acres together, with their burrows and paths.

tead of molesting only the small tn'es in our (
the seed-stalk begins to shoot, for in Uiat case it 1 chards, as usual, they have of late completely

VOL,. XX. NO. 41.

A N D H O R r I C U L T U li A L R E G I S T E R .

Ki.'i

died &pplo Iroos, in soiiio instances, of nrarly throe
feet in circuinloronce, and destroyed ihcni.

Ai tint) ini9cliiet \a seldom durio but in tlio se-
verity of winter, when these vermin are driven tn
Uio roots of the trees for shelter, and nro deprived
of their ordinary subsistence by the frostand snow,
the most ctVectual way to prevent their injury is,
in the month of November, just before the wiiiicr
tcts in, to clear away all the rubbish and furze |
from around the roots of younj; trees, leaving the '
ground bare, and then to put a coal of dry ashes
all around. The roots of the tree then allbrding |
them no shelter above ground, ond they having a I
natural aversion to burrowing in ashes, they will
be driven for shelter to some other place, and your |
trees will thereby in a great measure be preserved
from their mischief. The ashes also willubun-j
dantly compensate you for the trouble and expense, |
causing your trees the year following to liirive and
flourish exceedingly.

Another method of some use is, in the early part
of winter, after tlic first snow, to shovel s.now
around the roots of the tree?, and then tread it
down hard, by which it will freeze, and becnnic
solid like ice, through which they chnnot easily
penetrate. But this method is by no means sure,
as they will freq'iently burrow under the ice, and
sometimes injure the roots underneath, and in the
least thaw pass up and injure the tree.

But after the injury has been done, and your
tree has been completely girdled, and all the bark
eaten off round the tree to the hard wood, I know
of but one remedy, to presarvc the tree alive, al-
though many experiments have been tried. A
tree girdled 'n this mT^ner, having ni niPiP" of
conveying the sap and nourishment from the roots
up into the body and branches above, must wither
laod die. The usual wny among farmers is, in
isach cases, to dig up the trees and set out new
loncs. Sometimes they are cut off and headed
down below the place eaten, and new wood, in
length of time, will shoot out and make a second
itree.

But it occurred to me that if any artificial way
T could be discovered to renew or make a communi-
cation of the circulating vessels of the lower sec-
tions of the bark and sap eaten off, with llio upper,
so !:■ to convey up the juices and nourishment from
the roota into the branches, the tree might be made
e and flourish.

cordlngly choosing a fine thrifty tree, about
0 inches in circumference, as soon as the
was off the ground in the spring, which had
I completely girdled by the mice, and all the
Abark eaten off all round to the hard wood, more
than four inches wide, like a belt; I took a sharp
knife and eveneil the edges of the lower and up-
per circle of the bark eaten off; then took a scion
from the tree, about the bigness of a pipe stem,
and an inch longer at each end than the space
where the bark had been eaten off around the tree,
split the scion lengthwise, and shaved the split
side down, so as to fit to the body of the tree, be-
ing very careful not to disturb the bark of the sci-
on; then cutting away the lower circle until it
came to fresh bark, made a perpendicular slit ore
inch down towards the root of the tree, then crossed
this at the bottom with a horir.ontal slit, half an
inch on each side, as in budding; then gently
peeled up the bark on each side, and fitted the low.
er end of the scion in, and squeezed the bark down
woond it ; then fitted the upper end of the scion
into the upper circle of the bark eaten off, in all

respects as I had dono the lower. In this miinncr
I pliiced six scions all roiiiiii thi' body of the tree ;
then covered it over an inch or more thick with
Forsaith's composition, ami hood the dirt up all
round tho roots of tho tree to keep it moist.

The tree did not put out its leaves so soon, nor
so vigorously at first, as the other trees ; but by
(he middle of summer it flourished very well, and
in tlie fall there was no apparent difference be-
Iween it and tho surrounding trees. It bore soni".-
I'ruit the lust year, and is now covered with young
fruit, and appears as healthy and flourishing as
any tree in the garden.

In the fall of the year after this operation, I
opened the roots of this tree, ami lore away the
plaster, and to my surprise, l.toiind that four of
the six scions had taken, and grown to the size of
nearly an inch in diameter. The other two did not
take, by which means the tree is a little flat on one
side. I lately opened the tree again, and have
found that it will soon be covered with bark again,
except the side where the scions did not take.

This experiment I have known to have been
tried several times since with equal success. Mr
Isaac Davis, of Roxbury, a very intelligent and re-
^pectable farmer, in the spring of the year I80il,
treated in the same manner a largo spple tree, of
more than tweiityseven inches ini circumference,
which had been eaten off all around for a space of
more than four inches. The tree flourished, and
bore fruit the last year, and is now covered with a
great abundance of fruit ; and is extremely thrifty,
having recently examined it for the purpose of as-
certaining its present state. Mr Davis made use
of common el-" n>nrtar in hi^ ?X|; -.iir.Gnt, instead
of Forsaiih's compoeitioo, which he thinks answers
as good a purpose.

Knowing, sir, the interest you feel in every
thing that tends to improvement in agriculture and
husbandry, I have taken the liberty to address to
yon the aforegoing experiments and observations,
which, ifinyniir npininii shool-l lie dfomnd nf nub
lie utility, you are requested to communicate in
any manner you think most useful to society.

I am, with the highest sentiments of respect.
Your most ob't and very humble serv't,
LUTHER RICHARDSON.

Roibury, June 10, J8I0.

VALUE OF URINE AS A MANURE.

To show the fertilizing effects of urine as a ma-
nure. Sir John Sinclair says :

"Every sort of uiinc contains the essential ele-
ments of vegetables in a stale of solution. The
urine of a horse being so much lighter, would be
more valuable than its dung, if both must be con-
veyed to any distance. Tlie urine ot six cows or
horses, will enrich a quantity of earth sufficient to
top-dress one English acre of grass land; and as
it would require 4/. worth of dung to porform the
same operation, the urine of a cow or horse is worth
about 1'2 shillings per annum, allowing 8 shillings
per acre as the expense of preparing the compost.
The advantages of irrigating grass lands with cow
urine, almost exceeds belief. Mr Ilarley, of Glas-
gow, who keeps a large dairy in that town, by
using cow urine, cuts some small fields of grass six
times ; and the average of each cutting is l.'i inches
in length."

This fact furnishes strong proof, from the very
best source, of the great value of urine as manure,
and it suggests a most striking truth to the mind

of the agriciillurist, in tho fact of the imiiionse Iosh
auHtniiied by hiin, in permitting thu u-iiiu of his
stock to go to WBHlp — a truth which we think
should make hiin seriously consider upon the pro-
priety of adopting some practicable plan, by which
it may bo saved, and iiiado to contribute to the
fructification of his soil. As most stables and
barnyards are constructed, the major part of all
liquid manures are now lost to the owners ; but by
a little atteiitiiin in hauling loam and leaves into
tiic latter, and giving the proper form to thorn, a
very large proportion of that iiiado by tho cattle
would be absorbed, and thus preserved for tho pur-
poses of the spring crops. — Wmer. far.

From tha Ailiiny CultiTalof.

CUTTING UP CORN.

Messrs. Gaijlord (f Titrker — It has been the
practice of moat fanners for a few years past, to
cut up their corn at the bottom, and stack it in the
field. But I find there is a difference in the mode
of doing it. Now I will give you and your readers
the manner in which we do it. Two of us take
five rows, and commence cutting; when we get an
armfull, wo set it up on the middle tow, around a
hill which is left standing, to make the stack, nev-
er laying it down at all: when the stack is made
of suflicient size, we take a band of straw, turn the
tops down, and bind around it, and it is done. We
are convinced that we can cut up b field of corn in
this way in less time than wo can in topping, bind-
ing and slacking it in the old way. Where we
cut it up and lay it down 'n KmiHIea nn'l I'mn bsro
to go and bind thein, and draw them together to
stack, we have found it to be an ugly and tedious
job ; besides it takes about double the time and la-
bor to do it. As to the economy of cutting up
corn, I think there are few farmers that will ques-
tion that point: the abundance of catlle fodder
which is saved, is enough to induce any farmer to
uo it ; besides tins, we liave the ground clear lor
the spring crop. I know there are some fanners
who object to this manner of curing corn, on the
ground that corn gets ripe better when topped than
when cut up at the bottom. Now as to that I Uiink
that the ni.ijorily of farmers will bear nie out in
■saying thai corn cut up at the bollnm will ripen
better, be sounder and heavier corn than in any
other way in which it can be cured.

Talking, a short time since, with a practical far-
mer and gardener of this place, (Leman Stone,
Esq.,) he said, " that corn may be cut up a great
deal earlier in the season than mos^ people think,"
for he says "as quick as the kernel begins to grow
hard in the centre, it will do to cut up, and then
the stalk which is green will retain the juice, which
is carried to the car, and both the ear and the stalk
are preserved in a much belter condition than
when the stalk is left to dry up before it is cut up."

If you or any of your correspondents have a bet-
ter way of cutting up corn than this, I wish you
would give it to us throuffhthe columns of the Col-
tivalor. Yours, with respect,

LEVI DURAND.

Dtrly, Conn., Stpt. 25, 1841.

To Preserve the Wood of Wktd Hark. Let the
wood remain a while in water in which alum, cop-
peras, or other salt has been dissolved. Boiling
the spokes of wheels a while in vitriol water, will
secure tliem from decay where they enter the hubs.

164

NEW ENGLAxND FARMER

NOV. 84, 1841.

For the N. E. Farmer.
MUCK, ONCE MORE AND AGAIN.

THE LARGEST SQUASHES YET.
Ills stated in the New England Farmer, on the
I authority of a genlleii.an who saw thein, that there

Mr Editor— Thinkin? yoii might liko a little „,gre exhibited at Northampton, Mass., a few days
variety in your st.inding dish, niiif*, like the Irish- ■ gjnce, two squashes, one of which weighed 202
man, who for the sake of variety, ate his big pota- pounds, and the other ItO pounds,
toes one day and his small ones the next, I propose [ These are indeed most extraordinary vegetables,
to give you a mess <.f small ones, hoping you will g^j ,^g thj^;. j|,g grower of them would do good
relish them, after the A.V "gun from Muckiana." service, were he to favor the public with a paper

Lust spring I thought I would try the value of „pon ,1,^ g^bji-ct of their particular variety and
muck upon potatoes, in a small way. I put on ,„o,ie of cultivation. In the treatment of the lat-
thrt'C carts full of muck, which was taken from the | ter part of this duty he should state the ncreable
swamp the last of August, 1840, and laid exposed quantity and kind of manure; how far distant the
to the frost during the winter. This was applied |,i]is ^ere ; the kind of soil and subsoil in which
to four rows through the piece, putting a common ,|,gy ^.g^e grown, as well as the number of times
shovel full to the hill ; the next four rows on one ^ they were worked, the mode of working them, and
side, I put in the same quantity of strong manure | the number grown on a vine,
from the barn cellar ; on the other side, four rows I ^yhen the fact is considered that these two pump-
were planted upon straw upon whic-h the calves had i^j^^ ^s<juashes, sir,) afford full feed for a cow C 1-4
lain for several weeks. The twelve rows were ; .i^yg^ „.g ^^e sure too much importance cannot he
planted with the same kind of potatoes, and the | attributed to their value as cattle feed, and we are
same quantity put in each row : they were all cul- ' gg certain that every pains ought to be taken to in-
tivatcd alike. i troduce them into general culture. If the seed

When the potatoes came up, and during the sum- [ ^oM be disseminated throughout the country, and
mer, the vines or tops looked as if this mmk was'nt j ,|,e proper pains were taken to do justice to their
—to use a homely Yankeoism— " what it is crack'd , cultivation, immense profits would be derived from
up to be" by some of the agricultural papers; but : ,|,e increased quantity of butter and milk that
upun digging them, the four rows upon the muck would be yielded.

yielded more than those upon the barn manure, and
they were of more uniform size and better quality.
The fciur rows upon the straw produced tlie great-
est quantity, but they were not so uniform in their
size as those ^ipon the muck, some of them being
quite large and of very irregular shape, and many
quite small. AN ESSEX FARMER.

NEW AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT.

A plow has been recently invented by Herrick
Aiken, of Franklin, N. H., for making ditches for
fences on jirairie lands, also for dfaining wetlands.

The one he has put into operation makes a ditch
three feet at the top, two feet nt the bottom, and
two feet deep, carrying the earth upon the land
half a foot in the clear from the edge of the ditch.

As the session of Congress is now at hand, we
most respectfully suggest to the public-spirited
gentleman at the head of the Patent Office, the
propriety of procuring some of the seed for distri-
bution through the members of Congress. That
appearing to us the most eligibli; mode of effecting
our object, we throw ourself upon his indulgence
to excuse us for making the suggestion. — American
Farmer.

-Ed. N. E. F.

The report of these mammoth squashes M-hich
we originally inserted, has been confirmed by the
Northampton papers. And we should be very
happy to receive from Mr G.Cook and Col. Pat-
ridge, an account of the process by which they ob-
tained these huge vegetables. The largest of these
, . , , ^ ,,,,.. ., S'luashes was purchased by Dr Blanden, of South

It IB seventeen feet long, four and a half feet wide, i r"..,„i;.,„ „„j =„„. »„ - f_;, . i e ^.. ; .i.e..

, . ^ , . , r , . , , , t^arolinn, and sent to n friend ot his in tliat State.

and four feet high, weighing seventeen hundred

pouiuls. It can be drawn by twentyfive yoke of
cattle, and makes a ditch at the same rate that a
common plow makes a furrow ; or it can be drawn
by two yoke of cattle with a grapple and blocks,
half a mile or more per day, with one man to drive,
as the plow needs no tending or guiding. The
various parts are firmly riveted and bolted together,
forming but one piece, like the common plow, and
it is no more liable to get out of order. It is call-
ed a plow, because it performs the work in a simi-
lar manner, although it bears no resemblance to a
plow, excepting the mould-board, The same con-
struction can be varied to any size required. One
could be made to cut four, five or sik feet wide, (fnd
a proportionable width and depth, and carrying the
earth a foot or more from the edge of the ditch.
HEIIRICK AIKEN.

Franklin, M //., JVor. II, Itill.

(Jy^'Mr Aiken's model of the implement above
described, we have examined with some attention,
.ind believe that in the rocky soils and small enclo-
sures of New England, it will be of little service ;
but on the prairies of the West, for throwing up
enclosures around sections of land and for drain-

COUGH IN PIGS.

A correspondent in Charleston, apprises us of
the loss of several Berkshire pigs by a dry liusking
cough, which does not affect their appetite. He
seems to think, from the circumstance of several
of his other pigs having taken the cough also, that
it is contagious. Having lost sevoriil with the same
disease, we were under the same impression ; but
it has been suggested to us, that from the circum-
stance of the hogs running in a yard, and probably
exposed to the alternations of the weather, that the
disease takes its origin in a heavy cold, the which
settling upon their lungs, 1ms given them the dry
husking cough which he describes. He says lliiit
he has tried sulphur, charcoal, ley and salt with
their food. Now this, it is also intimated by a
friend wlio has some knowledge of such matters,
would have been all very well, provided the pigs
have had the advantage of a itry icarm sty, covered
from the weather, but while running in the yard,
and of course subject to the inlluence of the clian

ges of weather, the administration of sulphur was
ing the low and wet spots, it will be found very j any thing else than advisable, as from its known
serviceable. — Ed. | tendency to open the pores, it served but to in-

crease the susceptibility of the animals to the e
fects of the cold already contracted, and to rctai
rather than effect its cure.

On the first discovery of the cough, he shou
have removed them from the yard to a dry, war
pen, provided with an apartment to sleep on eh
vated a lew inches from the floor, so as to secui
them against the dampness incident to feedin
Their sleeping bunk should have been provide
every ffw dnys, with fresh straw, hay, shavings <
leaves. Added to this, their food should have bee
of a cooling nature, and after bleeding them froi
the tail or cars, he should have given them a di
coction of garlic boiled in milk, to be mixed witl
say to each, half a gill of flaxseed, sweetened wit
molasses or honey in their food, (which should b
a soft, warm mash, made of some kind of mea
three times a ('ay, allowing them also a good sup
ply of fresh water.

This is deemed the proper course of treatmet
that ought to have been pursued, and we will re
peat what we have said in the previous part of thi
article, that a dry pen and comfortable clean lodg.
ing are indispensably necessary to a hog whe
confined. There is, perhaps, no animal that mot
delights in rooting in the mud, when at large, ne
ther is there one which instinctively shows a grea<
ter desire to seek shelter from the inclemency c-
ihe weather, or to repose where they will be pre
tected from its influence through the night. Hi
iiistinet should, then, teach us, when our interesi
induces us to curtail him of his liberty, to do thi
fi)rhiin which he would do himself, had we not di
nrived him of the power of action Jlmtr. Far.

ROCK AND SEA WEEDS ^ .MANURES,
The following is from an address by ex-Goverm
or Hill, of New Hampshire, bqfgre the Kennebei
Agricultural Society :

"Fortyfive years ago — as long as I can well n
member — my father occupied a little farm 8eve4
miles out of Boston, being the parental premises
the first Hills settled in that partof Cambridge lon^
known as the parish of Menotomy. I passed ihl
place a few weeks ago : — it is now beautiful, H
are all the garden farms around Boston. Th<|
abundant crops taken from much of this ground— i
the productive apple and peach orchards — evepj
species of tree, plant and vegetable growing on il
magnificent scale, and two, three and sometimeM
four crops produced in the same yeor upon thi»
fame ground. Aly father before I was ten yeoip
old, lefk this ground and moved further into thH
country. The lot adjacent to the house which hM
occupied embraced only eight acres, saving a paa*
tore upon the rocky hill a mile distant, in which
was a broken up field, and an acre or two of sail'
marsh on Charles river: these eight-acres were al)
the land he cultivated. Not over (hree acres wei
annually under the plow, and the five remain!
acres in grass filled well a forty foot barn, so tin
often times the salt hay and corn stuff" remained
be stacked in the open air. It was then a nel
thing to make use of rock and sea weed aa manul
The experiment in that neighborhood was fi
made on these eight acres as many as fortyeigj
years ago, to which my recollection just reachi
The rock weed was brought from the islands
Boston bay, gathered upon their rocky sliores, C8I
veyed to Medford in a fisherman's lighter, carti
thence about two miles, and spread so as to cc
the surface of the grass ground. A neighborii

TOI,. TK. NO. 41.

AND HORTICULTURAL R [•: Ci I S T K R

]Hf>

^ntlcnian ofsn oliler (^nrroti>>n, hid n l»l of near- ' jn the aliiipc of ■ niilk-paii. I liava aUo vn sliapi'il
y the gaiiio size aloni;sido of llioso oiglit acres : ihe irrouml iiiulcr my lio}j pens, tlinl iho li(|iii(l pari
condemned decidedly llio experiment of Ins of the innmiro will rutlior tend to llio cenlro of llie
'ounger neiglibor : the rock weed had corlainly ' yard. From a bank » hive I could not plow, I have
lestroyed the crop, ho said, for one year, and priiba- riirtod liiaiii and spread upon tho bottom of the
ily tho land would suffer for many years: this was | yard and under llio floor of tho pens, (which I never
aid at the time of the old election in Mastiachu- < siitfiT to be lasteiiod down with nails,) to the depth
etls, the last Wednesday in .May, when the whole , of about J \'i feet. One other little concern I

iij;)iborhood had a holiday in huntinjj crows, I have attended to — a wheel barrow. This may be

ackhirds and bobolinkhorns, and Then tho grass j thought a very insignificant aUiiir, but it is a mighty
n ni'ilher licld had started much ahead. In the | alfuir, notwithstanding — lor manure is the founda-
ourse of the no.xt month the ditfercnce was seen — lion of the wealth of nations. No farmer should

dark, deep green covering of clover, herds grass I be without a wheel barrow ; it is a very convenient
nd red-top, springing up where the rock weed was i thing for many pvirposes, and a farmer who hiis one
pro.Til, lit to mow on the fourth of July; while on ! can constantly increase his manure. Swme that
le other side of tho fence the yellow dew grass i are shut up in pens or yards, should be daily fur-

th scarce a head of the cultivated grasses, stood i nished with a quantity of some kind of matter to

9 dilTorent in stature as if tiio one lot belonged to
ic kingdom of Brobdigiiag, and the other was in
le lorrilory of His Majesty of Liiliput. "Capt'n
teplien," as the man in a multitude of the same
amo was called by his christian name — Captain

nianulactiire into manure. The hands of I'linncr
Thrifty, I can assure you, move the wheel barrow
more or less every day. It is oft(^n troublesome
to yoke the oxen every lime we wish to add a little
to the hog sly or to the compost heap under the

tcplien, who gained reputation enough in the war ; sink spout,
f the Revolution, to become a 'train band Cap- | Evory farmer may find materials more or less
in' of a militia company dressed in uniform and , which may bo cither carted to the barn yard, the
illed the ' Menotomy Fusileers,' and who marched , hog sly or tho compost heap There is not a farm
: Uieir head to quell the Shays rebellion about the [ in the Stale of Maine which does not contain more
ear \~6C>, might be a good soldier, and was ac- | or less of rich black earth, muck, &c., and the far-
nowjcdged to be, but an indifferent officer — hut I mer who does not collect this precious treasure,
as probably a still more indifferent farmer. The j must be stupid enough. Even common dirt spread
nd described as with the poor crop of hay, re- I on the bottoms of barn and hng yards, under the
laint in the possession of the same family lino, as 1 floors of hog styes, hovels, stables, &c. will make
les nearly the whole neighborhood ; but such ' good manure. No good farmer will suffer maniire
■8 been the, improvement on that ground since, during the summer to lie exposed to the weather
at it would be impossible a really poor and slo- and uncovered with loam. For a cold, stiff, clayey
5nly farmer should be permitted to remain in the ' soil, light upland loam, after lying in the barn-yard
r'lob' end village. The people at that place are , through llje winter, is an excellent manure, and
)t afraid of injuring their land by tlie application I for a light dry soil, a clayey loam is just the ma-

mauurc, which if it is not produced at hand uii
leir own premises, or brought from the sea, is
jrchased in .the adjacent city of Boston and cart-
1 from seren to ten miles. One hundred dollars
oith of manure to an acre, repeated at intervals

jevery two or three years, is not in that neighbor-
lod considered extravagant; and the money ex-
snded returns to them increased four fold, after
ifrayiDg the expense of labor from the city, where
le manure is derived.''

From the Maine Farmer.
MANURE.

terial. Some materials, such as muck, leaves of
trees, door dung, nnd other substances of woody
origin, sliould be carted to a compost yard, (and a
compost yard every farmer certainly should have,)
and lime sliould be thoroughly mixed with the
same. Lime destroys the acidity (sourness) wliich
such materials contain, and rend'TS them healthy
food for plants. Some low lands are acid in their
nature, which renders ihem unproductive. Now I
suppose that lime is just the tiling we should use
to sweeten the soil ; or if you please, try the ex-
periment of carting upon such kinds of soil, light
upland from some bank where you do not wish to
plow. In order to manage manure in the most
skillful manner, much scientific knowledge is- re-
Ma HoL.MES — I will once more speak of the ex- ', quired, and this knowledge is open to all ; every
lUency of manure. If you will not think ine ] farmer that reads may understand. It is the duty
jilly of egotism, I will mention what I have done , of every agricultural writer to give his ideas in a
ysclf and what I am now doing. In a communi- ! style that may be easily understood by the weakest
ilion I wrote a year or two since, I promised that ] capacity. Every farmer should feel his own
my life and health were spared, I would give an strenglli, and endeavor to improve in scientific
:uinple of what ought to be done by farmers in knowledge, and also employ good common sense,
ference to the management of swine. I have and try experiments with a. view to correct theo-
)w begun to redeem that promise ; have con- 1 retical errors.

ructed a concern, and shall soon procure all the | Once more. Air Editor, I will invoke aid from the
jcessary apparatus, and I intend that things shall [ strong arm of the government and sue for legisla-
! so managed, that ten hogs may be fattened with j live encouragement for the noble science of airri-
less amount of labor and fuel than would be re- culture. Will our yeomanry jiroslratc themselves
lired to fatten two hogs by the usual method i before the Iloii. members of the legislature, brg-
•acticed. The hog is very celebrated for bis ging for a support to that great interest which is
laptation to the business of manure making, and the foundation of our national glory and happiness .'
think every farmer should endeavor to supply or will our farmers ere long speak in little elerner
ID with materials, and make him earn his living tones than those of supplication ?
id oi much more aa possible. I have by dig. J. E. ROLFE.

ing, carting, &.C., shaped my hog yard somewhat i Rum/ord, Oct. 1841.

feedi.m; li.w Tt) siii:i:i',

I ani located in a vory hilly country, and of
course my syatiim of farming is varionii, but my
iiitontion ia ultimately to confine myaclf to railing
fine wool. I liavo tried many ways of fi'eding
slioep on hay. I have spread It on the ground,
which I consider the most slovenly and waslnly. I
have fed in board boxe» or racks, made about 'i 1-8
feet wide and from 12 to ](i feet long, with a roof
to keep the hay dry ; they are made of boards
about I foot or I,') inches wide, nailed on 4 inch
scantlings in each corner ; tho bottom board to
stand on the ground; the next course to be nailed
on 8 inches above, leaving that space all round the
box for the sheep to put their heads through to the
hay ; but they will waste considerable hay fed in
this way, if they are fed all they will eat. Forthe
last two winters I have let my sheep run to the
stacks, which may appear to be vory wasteful and
slovenly, in theory, but I do not find it so in its
practical effect, owing to the manner in which I
build my stacks. In the first place, I take a pole
about five inches in diameter at the butt and about
ihrce at the top ; blue ash is the best I set this
about ii 1-2 feet in the ground and stamp the dirt
firm around it ; let it be long enough to project
about three foot above the top of the stack, for con-
venience of the stacker in topping off; then take 4
blocks about 18 inches high, sawed off a log about
18 inches in diameter ; place them around the pole,
and on those blocks build a rail pen only three
rails high ; cover the ground with rails about f> or
S inches apart, to keep the hay off the ground, and
in this pen and around the pole, build the stack in
the usual way. I generally put *'rom. 3 1 -2 to 3
tons in a stack; the sheep will eat ofttthe hay un-
der the rails clear into the pole, and' the slack will
settle down the pole, the bol' im kresting on the
rail pen, until the sheep will eaL it ajl up, with but
little waste. Such has been my practice for two
years past, and I have this sumioer stacked all my
hay intended for sheep in this manner. My sheop
are Saxony and grade sheep, and I have about 250.
I have tried various lengths forthe blocks to build
the pens on, and find about 18 or 20 inches the
most suitable length ; larger sheep would need
higher blocks. — Albany Cult.

GREAT YIELD OP CORN— CLQSE PLANT-
ING.
A Seotch farmer residing in the town of Sodos,
Wayne county, N. Y., informs us that he raised,
the past season, 400 bushels of Indian corn on four
acres of land, notwithstanding the dryness of the
season. He attributes his success mainly to his
manner of planting, and thinks farmers generally
plant too thinly. His mode is, to plant in rows 3
feet apart, and drop two grains in a place only 15
inches apart in the rows. The variety used is the
Red Blazed Flint The soil is sandy loam, and
100 loads of manure were put on the four acres.
The corn was ripened and cut sntficiently early to
sow the ground with wheat — Gentsee Far.

For JVetc Boots. — A pint of linseed oil, two oun-
ces of beeswax, two ounces of spirits of turpentine,
and half an ounce of Burgundy pitch, slowly melt-
ed together, and then applied to new boots, will
render them water tight without becoming stiff.
One who has tried it several years, believes that
his shoemaker's bill has been reduced by it one
half.— /6.

16fi

NEW ExN GLAND FARMER,

NOV. 34,1841

A.NI> HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOK, Wednesday, Notzhber 24, 1841.

CHOICE OF A WIFE.

Young man, you intend, I suppose, to get inarriud nt
some convenient time. At leait, you ought to have
sucli an intention, pruviJed you hnve no bi>(l:ly infirnii-
tiea or menial or moral obliquities that will probably be
transmitted to your children. Though if the probabili-
ty is strong thai your children will be consntutionally
sickly, or that iIh\v will inherit from you pecidiarbj
strong propensities lo intemperance, falsehood, theft, or
other vices and crimes, you certainly ought never to be
married. If you have a tolerably sound body and tolera-
bly good charnctor and disposition, then it is belter for
you and belter for society that you should take a partner
for life, provided you can get a good one, an<i that you
have a prospect of being able to give a family comforta-
ble support But to get a good one, falls not to the lot
ol'every ninn. Too little serious thought is given to
this subject. Accident or youlhl'ul and momentary emo-
tions are often allowed to determine who shall he hound
together by matrimonial cords. And while we ndtjiit
that lore — real love-.-»s an important emotion in the bo-
soms of the married pair, we musl call Ihut foolish weak-
ness which lets any emotion trample upon judgment
and set its decisions at defmnce. You have no other
bargain to make, so important as that in which you bind
yourself lo a companion for life ; and there is no other
which shiiuld claim more serious consideration. Do n't
yoke yourselffor life until you are quite sure that vou
are to have n gnnj male l*he wife does mucii In inTke
or mar the husband's success, lespectabilily and useful-
ness in life.

The preity face of'one gjrl, the sprightliness of anoth-
er, the wit ot a third or the^usic of a fourth, may please
your fanry and strongly tem'pl you to seek to have her
yours; but do not sell yourself f>r any one or all of
these, unless you can (jet - domelhing more and belter.
These in your dayeof courWhip may amuse and antisly ;
but«/(«r!oarrf«you will vuant a woman of firm rnoriil prin-
ciples, of sound conimon sense, of firm health ,and skilled
in household afiairs; you will want a good uifu and a
good mother.

Extensive observation and some reflection, leads me
to think ihat the following principles and rales are
sound, and that the young of both sexes may be bene-
fited by givinj! them attention.

First. In judging as to what the girl's moral and in-
tellectual cliaracler will be in after life, take into your
account not merely what slie exhibits now, but also the
character of Acr rnolhtr. For the moral propensities and
iuleliectual capacities are in many instances inherited,
so that when Ihe girl in process of years comes to have
the same cares and relations (hut now surround the
mother, she will exhibit the same trails — shn willic
what her mother is. This is tlio general rule, though
there are many ixcep ions to it. Other things being
nearly equal, choose llie girl whoso parents (especially
the mother) possess in the highest degree the qualities
you wish for in a wife. The dau).'hier of an unprinci-
pled mother, if virtuous and worthy, deserves and should
receive respect — respect even greater than would be due
to her If burn and reared under happier influences; ond
yet there is more hazard in taking such an one as a
partner on the Ion(> journey of life, thnn one no more
virtuous and worthy than she, but whose blood has come
down through the veins of a more virtuous anrcstry.
Secondly. Choose one who has a good constitution

and who is generally in good henlih. And this not
merely because health and strength will render her
more efficient in the discharge of household duties, but
also because she piobably will be the mother of healthy
children. Here too it is well to look back to the paren-
tage, for where the ancestors have been healthy, the
chances are best fir health in the generations to come.
To secure Ihe object of which we are now speaking,
and which should not be overlooked, cvnid intermar-
riage with all blood relations. Let the blood be as far
removed from that which flows in your own veins, as
you can conveniently find.

Thirdly — the temperament. Should you be ardent
and excitable, it will be well to have the wife as widely
different as may conveniently be found. Should you be
ofa rery calm and placid disposition, let the wife be
more excitable. If you are in the centre between these
extremes, it may be viell that your companion be so too,
for from such connections may grow up a race, with
feeling enough to be energetic and efEcicnt without
being tormented by ungovernable tempers.

Lastly. Personal benuty, property, and fashionable
accomplishments are but secondary matters — they are
desirable if they can bo had in connection with other
and better things ; but are not worth taking excepting
where firm moral principles, good sense, and skill in do-
mestic affairs can be had in addition to them.

about it. But as to my medder, tir Editor, why it
done pretty well, as to lhat. I do git a good crop
Er.gltsli hay where I did n t git nothing to speak on, a>
that poor stuff. I d like to know how other folks wc
it, and if you raa'ly think, Mr Editor, that my writi
woulil set them at it — why then I 'II try.

Editor. That 's right, sir — that's right. Now, f,
mers, send in your statements, without further invitatii

LEND US A HAND.

Farmer A. Yes, Mr Editor — I 'm not very busy now
— I 11 give you a lift. What do you want done .'

Editor. I want you, now that you have got your fall
work well done up, and can «parc a little time, to write
out an account of your process in reclaiming lhat me.i-
du.. of youis, V. i.cic you now ciu '4 I-.. iOUaoi iingiioli
hay per acre.

Farmer A. I thought you asked for a hand — that I
could have lent ; but you seem to be calling for head
work, and that 'a quite another affair: I don't know
about that.

Editor. I want the hand at the pen.

Farmer Jl. At the ;ieK — tliat'e where it do n't work
very well : it 's too etift' for pen work — let it go lo the
shovel, or spade, or hoe, and it feels at home, and will
work well, and the head will work with it down in the
ditch ; but when you come to put the huge paw upon
white paper, the head won't work riiflil, and the fingers
don't move right. I don't know, Mr Editor, about my
helping you.

Editor. Well, suppose none of you practical men
write, how shall I make up such a paper as you want.^
The ficts which common farmers give lo one another
through the papers, tire tfie most instructive and useful
part ol our weekly sheet ; and if you won't till what
yon have done, and farmer H. won't tell whnt he has
done — if all the others all iho way down the alphnbet
Wont tell — why then the editor can't furnish all that
you want — he can 'I furnish what you want most, lie
ran theorize and give advice, and extract from other
publiciilions ; but he can't get hold of the important
facts, unless you — yes, yoHy and others like you, will
" lend a hand" and a heod too. Come, now, farmer A.,
give us a few lines, and set a good example.

Farmer.'!. Fact, Mr Editor, what you any ta1<es a
leetle o' the starch out o' my fingers, i never sen'd the
matter jisl in ll at light afore. 1 want to know how
neighbor D raised his hiinder'd busli.'ls of corn lo the
acre ; and Imw Mr W. raised his 'leven hundcr'd of ta-
ters. I'd like to have um write all almul it; what
kind o' land 'i was — how much they plow'd it, dung'd
it, and work'd on 't. Yes, I 'd sartinly like to know all

PRODUCTIVE POTATO AGAIN.
In our last we made mention of a long blue pota
that had been brought lo us from three ditferent plac
Since writing that notice, a letter has been received fn
Mr Nathaniel N. Dyer, of Abington, in which he sayi
"I raised u few to try them, and from one bushel I rai
ed 41 I2bushels; I did not cut all of them ; they we
the most of them, largo ones. A neighbor of mi
raised from one bushel of the same kind, 73 1-2 bushe
the ground not being manured much and not very ri<
When I was in Boston you spoke of having a collccti
ofdiflferent kinds of potatoes. If you think to make I
collection, I have a number of kinds I will send ia
you." We did think at one lime of making a collectii
but the coming on of cold weather reminds us of wl
we happened to forget, lhat if we collect and keep thi
where they can convcnienlly be seen, the frost fl
soon ruin the whole; Iherefore, until the winter is ft
we shall make no attempt of the kind.

Hj'It is, we presume, most particularly unnecesi
to remind lhat portion of our readers interested in li
matter, that Thursday of this week ia Thanksgiving
throughout (if we mistake not) all of good old M4
England. We mention the fact for the purpose of n
ing a suggestion to ihnce of tbrrn i^-hc b!:\t 'i. ju^Ii
to spare of this world's goods : it is — whether it wi
not sweeten the pleasure they anticipate on that tiil(
honored occasion in regaling themselves withroast||
key and plum pudding, to reflect that some pour fat
through iheir benevolence, were partaking of the
choice viands with joyous and grateful hearts. W
not but believe that he who had performed such an
would have done not a little of that good which ia
quired of us on esrlli in order to secure thai other ga|
which is laid up for us in Heaven. *t^

The occupation of the agriculturist is supposed
many to be utiliivorable to the cultivation ot taste 1
refinement of manners. This is not so in any just I
legitimate sense. If attention to the fopperies ol dlf
and the frivolities of fashion — if sacrificing substance,
show — if a passion for vain and frivolous amusenienll
if a contempt for all industrious einploymenl — if an U
elusive regard to the accidental circumstances of bw
or wealth, or position, constitute superior refinement'
manners or of mind, then 1 confess ihe fanner, ond I
sons and daiighlcrs am destitute of taslo and refineniM'

But if good sense, elevation of thought, respect I
mental and moral worth, and a capability of disccrni
il — if a sensibility lo all the beauties of nature and
art — if an admirnlion of what is grand and sublime in t!
woiks of the C'reator, or mognilicent, or great, or
in llie works of genius, or in the developmenis ol
constitute or imlicute good taste and rurineineni,
belong lo the cultivators of the soil : and one well
caled farmer's lamily possesses more genuine good till
refinemenl and politeness, than nil the " geiillemei
and " ladii's" which the Pariii.in tailors and nnllinr
have ever made. — Mr SmitJi's Addrtss befor* tlir .l/./ar
Co. (jV. Y.) .IfticuUural Society.

' in tt
"J

There ia nothing which requires so strict an f<
as our benevolence. Wo should husband our in
the agriculturist does his manure — which if be spn
over loo large a siipeifices, produces but little goo
oter too small a surface, exuberates in rankness aadv
weeds.— tucon.

"' VOL. \T. !«rt. 41.

A N D fl 0 R T I C U I. T V 11 A L R K r.]>T K R .

107

BKlUmro.V MAKKK r — MoMur, iNov. 'Ji!, ItMl |

kriH.iipd A<rlhf> Now KniUnil li'miri
Al Mirktt MOO B«el Cttlle, tUU Slurcs, 0000 Shoap
id liv;.'! Swine.

'Hicr» — lietfi'nltU S»\vt wore nol l>rlak urn) Ihi" pri
!• oliimiiod U»t werk fur n like i)u*lil.v wrre Willi imn li
iffk-utiv vdVcii'd Wc ijiiole tu ciirrrkpond Kinit qiinl-
V, $:> no It li (Ml Secund quality, |J 50 n 3 •£>■
''biiil qunliiy $3 00 a 4 25.

Barrrlling Caltte.—We quota Men $-1 25 a 4 38. Nu.
3 a :t 12. No. 2. $2,50.

Stores. — Two year »ld |t9 a 15. 'I'lirec venr old, $14
21.

Shrrp. — Oiill. \Te noticed one lot ordinary sold fur
c<-ni..> each, .ilw, Uus >( 8^. $1 00, $1 17, $1 33,
1 r.ii, $1 t'T, $1 '.12 nnd $'.' 25.

.Mr(;if -Lot.< to pi'dille, 3 1-2 a 3 3-1 for nnvs, and
12a 4 3-4 lor burrows .\t retail, 4 1-2 and o 1-2.

9

PLl .ll TU KKN U.% I'H Ml IIO'l"ri>MH.

■JSihi v.ry »ii|«enor IMuin trre», iil ilie nu»t '

oniUH f-rowih, cni;rurieil on IMuiii meekii, nml C

or a fri't in lieli;hi,pinl>racinKnll llir lliii'il lirnr- '

init kindi, for «alr al *6ii prr linn.lreil, ur al 16 \

or »d per dozi-n. Tlicsc Ireci. aie wotlli al lca«l, i
Iwii.' or tlirice nj iiiuoli ns ilione UHiially ofliTod lor •ale.
I'lnili lroc«, 5 In R IciM, lit »J5 pi'r loo. Clierriei, 7 lo 10 j
feel, al •40 pi-r liundn-d. Amiles, 7 lo 8 feet, tii per I' 0.
I'oars, tJ7 li per 100, nnd lari^er and rarer kinds 00 cents
each. Nectarine!!, 37 cents. Apricol!i, 37 ceiiti. Goose
I'crrie^. finest kinds, t3 per dnzrii. Large Red Antwerp'
Ua.spl>erries, & feel hi^li, (10 per luO and Uric Ked Kisplier- {
ry for market, $5 per loo. Is.\liclla, and CulawLa Orapcs,

*J5 per too. Orange Quince, «30 per 100. _ ^_ _

Orders per mail, will receive nrnmpl attention, and \hv \ turninf^ in errnj particle of grn«» .
-mount can he enclosed ihcrewitb, or reiniucd on receipt nf I ^roun<f in Ihr best postible maitn

mould Iwnrd has Ik n very murli increase I. so tlial tlit
PInnifh works with ihc ifreiilest ense, hoih with respect la

ha

WnOLES.VLE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrnttd vith g^rcal care, tccekly.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, {13 iifl lo 3 50 per hushel. Red Top,
to :•■> cents. Clover — Northern, 13c. — Southern, II to 12 c.
ai S<'ed, SI 37 to 1 50 hu. Lucerne, 25 c per lb. Ca
ry S'ed. not a bushel in the market.

!■ I.Ol"R. Early in the week the price of Flour went up,
hi, li i-aused boy.TS to operate sparingly. The Irar.sactions
nee h.ive also been very moderate, and the market closes
ilhuu. animation. Sales Genesee, common brands, at
: fancy, (G 94 a 7 00: Uhio, (6 76 ; 300 hbls. Rich-
ond. far export, *6 87, 4 mos ; 20P do. Georgetown, 86 75,
mos ; 300 iio. extra branl. 86 87 a 7 per bbl 4 mos. Or-
is, we understand, were received by the Caledonia, lo pur-
ase lor the English market, but the limits were cousidera-
f below our prices.
Baltimore Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $6 62— do. wharf,

60— do. free of garlic, 86 62— Philadelphia do. 4 mos.

60 — Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 mos. 86 60 — Alexandria,
arf mountain, 86 60 —Georgetown, $6 62 a C b7— Rich.
Dod Canal, S6 62— do. Cny, 87 00 a 7 25— Pelersburgh,
side, S7 00 a 7 25 — Genesee, common, cash, 86 80 »
J7— do. fancy brands 80 !>4 — Indian Meal in bbls.. 83 50.
GIlAl.\.—Corn— Northern, bushel 74 lo7B— Round Vel-
V 72 <i 73— Southeni Flat Yellow 71 a 72— White do 64 a
— Rye Northern 75 to 73— Oats— Soulhern 48 10 61 —
orlhernS2 to 54.

PROVISIO.NS. There have been no sales of any great
iponance sine the last report. Beel is a shade higher,
,d Pork, notwiihstunding ihe pressure on the money inar-
I. is without any further reduction on prices Sales 1000
rgs Lard at 7c , 4 mos.; 2 lo 300 do by auction, 6 1-8 a
I -40. per lb., cash ; 40 bbls. Western Mess Pork, 87 75 per
il. cash.

Beel— .Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 25 a 9 60 — Navy— S3 25 a
75— No. I 87 25 a 7 75— do Prime 85 50 o 6 OO—Pork-
[Ira clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8l3— do Clear ill— do IVIcss 88 50
9 60 — do Prime 87 00 a : 50— do Mess from other Slates
J 25 a 9 50— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50— Clear 811 00 a S|2 00
HAY, per ton, Sl3 to 20- Eastern Screwsd 817 10 18.
CHEESE— Old 4 to 6 c — New 5 la 7.
EGGS, 14 a 16.

WOOL. Only. The value whereof at the place of ex-
iTIalion shall not exceed 3 els. per pound, free. All where-
the value exceeds S els. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
els per pound.

There is nu change in the market. Manufacturers pur-
lase moderate quantities to supply their wants, at prices
'thin the range of quotations. S<une large sales of coarse
reii^n have been made without change from usual prices,
frime or Saxony Fleeec.«, washed, lb. 43 a 50 e. — Amer-
an full blood, do 43 a 45— Do 3 4do4a a 42- Do. l-2do

a 3^—1-4 and common do 30 a 33— Sinjriia Sheep,

ashed, 20 a 27 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 14 — liengasi do

a 10 — Saxony, clean, — Buenos Ayrea unpicked, 7 a 10 —

uperfine .N'orihern pulled lamb 42 a 45 — .No. 1 do. do. do.

a 4 1— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30- No. 3 do do do I5 a 20.

FKNCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
ir Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK &
10., .No. 62 North Market si. A pril 21

nriLLIS'S LATEST IMPROVSU) VEGETAB1.E
CUTTER.

This machine surpassa.s all others Ibr the purpose of cut
iog Rula Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots The
Teat objection lo other m.ichines, is their culling the roots
Dto slices, which makes it almost impossible for the cattle
D gel hold of tbem; this machine with a little alteration,
Ills Ihem into large or small pieces, of such shape as is mosl
onvenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from
iQC to two bushel- of roots per minute.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
ud Agricultural Warehouse, No SI and 62 North Market
itieet, Boston. SepL I

the trees, and all the trees will be selected and packed with '
such care, a.s to ensure satisfaction. Tlie subscriber attends
personally lo all orders.

WM. IX. PHINCE,
Linniean Garden and Nurseries, Flushing.
Not. ir 3w

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH

fireal iiiiprnvemrnts have leen mndp the |>n>i year in the
nnd workiiiaiisbi|).d thes,, I'loujbs ; the mould l.rarH
been so binned as to hi/ the ftirrme ^nmp/etrty oner.
ul>bte,nnil terirtng the
The length of Ihe

The Committee al Ihc late trial

DUTCH BCIiBS.

The subscrilwrs would inform their friends and customers 1 "^j'.",,.™'!"."" _""**""'
that lliey have just received a splendid assoriinem of Dutch
Bnlbs, consisting of double and single Hyacinths of allcolorsi
I'nlyaiitlius, NnrcisiHs Gladiolus, Crocus, Crown Imperials.
Tulips, double and single. Iris, &.c. &c , warranted to be of
fine quality. For saleby JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Nov. 10.

RUCKTHORNS WANTED.

The sdlpscribers would like lo punhase 10,000 Buckthorn
plants, T years old. Apply at the New England Farmer
omce. Nos. 51 and 62 North Market street. J >SEPH
BRECK & CO. Nov 9

'W2SffsiiiSS"s iKnErm©ii!S?.'S",

Brighton, near Bostom,
Situated on the line of the Boston and iVorcester Rail
Road,--5 miles from the cittj.
The Proprietors of this extensive nursery beg
leave lo iulorin their friends and the public, that
1 hey are ready to furnish or.lers to any amount,
for Forest Trees, indigenuous and exotic.

Fruit Trees, including all the varieties of
Pears, Peaches. Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c.
Vines— Shrubs, Green Himse Plants, Sec.
Catalogues may bj obtained by applying at the Nursery.
Trees carcfiiHy packed, to ensure safety in long voyages.
Orders left at the New En;»land Seed Store of J. Breck &
Co. Nos. 51 and 52, North Market street, will be delivered
the day following.
Letters containing orders, addressed lo the subscribers,

J. & F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseriei, Oct. 27, 1341.

PRUITAVD ORSAMENTALJTReES, <fcc.

KURSEBY or WILLIAM KE.MRICK, N0NHST1:.M HILL,

Of Peach and I'car Trees, of Plum and

C'u-rnj Trees a collection unrivalled in any

birmer year for extensive numbers of fine trees.

ol those most highly productive, and valuable,

of new and finest kinds.

Go i^.berries of first quality. Apples, (Juinces, Neclarines,

Apricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Currants, Strawtier-

ries, &.C. &c.

The new abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842,
which is now in preparation, will liC sent to all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, <f-c. Splen-
did varieties of Double Yellow Harrison and other Rose.s,
of Tree Phonics, of Herbaceous I'teonies, and other flower-
ing plants— of Double Dahlias, &o. Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur Thorns, &c.

All orcler.i' addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to; and Trees when so ordereil, will be secnrelv
packed in malls and moss for safe transportation to all dis-
tant places, by land or sea, and delivereil in the city free ol
charge for transporting by the wajnii which is sent thither
daily, or orders may be left al Ihe Stand at No. n Congress
St, Boston,

WILLIAM KENRICK.
Nonanlum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. 6. 1841.
eplDl Oct. 27

Ihe holding and ihe team,
of Ploughs al Worrester

" Should our opinion be asked as to wbirh of the Plougha
we should prefer lor u^e on a farm, we might perhaps say i»
the inquirer, il your land is irtosiiy light nnil e,i»y to work
try Prouiy & Moars, but if your land u hc^tUj, htr.l orrucku
"iowAnn's."

Al Ihe above me-.l.oned trial the Howard Plough did
more work, with the tame pmrer of team, than any otiirr
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlyse. 'en
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while ihe
lloicard Ptouf^h turned ticentynine and one half iiivhci, to
ihe same potter of team ! All acknowledge thai Howanl'i
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantia lly
made.

There has been quite an imprDvenienl made o<i the shoe,
or land side of ;liis Plough, which can be renewed without
having lo fornish a newlandside: this shoe likewise seciiies
the mould board and landside together, and siren^hens ilia
Plough very much.

The price of Ihe Ploughs is from 86 io8l.^, A Plom-h,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost aboni
810 50, and with cutler 81, with wheel and culler. 82 OO
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed St.iie,
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH' BRECK & CO.

SUN DIALS. : 1

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose ofgiving the lima
of dav in the garden or field. Price Ts Vertts. For sale bv
J. BRECK tr CO., No 61 and 52 North' Market St.

Sept I.

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grind.storea
conslanilv on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMtJAM'
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf jsly. Novi;

l.'ETAN(i iAklE.

Farmers in want of Lime for )igricullural purposes will
find it greaMy to their advantage to try the St. George Co'a.
L'Elang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over Ihe Hope Insurance Office, State §{.,. Boston.

Sept. 8. 3m

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor.pioughing
200 •' Truck and leading Chain*,,
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CQ.,
•*■ "'-' Aprilll

No. 62 North Mtrket st.

TVto I'p chain;.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for ttb-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Dcrbt, Esq. 0/ Salem,
and Col Jacques, for the purpose of securing cattle to tha
stall, are found l# be the safest and must conveuient nioda
of fastening- cowsand oxen to the slancltion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 NorlhMarkel M.

EDMl'NO T. IIASTI.\GS A. CU.
Pnro Sperm OU.

No. 101 Slate St, keep constantly for sale, Winter, .Spring
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which they
warrant to be of Ihe best quality and to burn wiibont
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizat.
Bostou, Jan. 1, 1841. islj

TRANSPL.ANTINO.

The auiumn is prefered lo tlie spring by
many nursery men and orchardists, lor traiia-
plnnting hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
Ptumsv The present is a less busy season thaa
_ the Spring, and ihose who intend to purchase
trees can probably get a better article and obtain it with
more disp,iich now than next April. The frosts have
already been sufficient to destroy the folinge, and Ihe opera-
tion of transplanting may be done with safety.

We can supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plum, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs al Nursery
prices, and pack lo send with safely to any pan of the Coun-
try. All orders failhfully attended lo.
Oci. 27. JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

168

NEW ENGLAND FARVIER

ROV.a«, I84I.

MISCELLANEOUS.
THKFISHERBOAT.

BV ELIZA P. COOK.

No reefer struts upon her deck —

No boatswain pipes her crew,
Whose rough and larry jackets are

As olien Mack as Mup.
Her sails are lorn, her litnhcrs worn,

She's hut a crazy cralt,
Vet luck hctides her in the gale,

And plenty crowns her draught.
Let hut a foe insult the land

That holds their collage home,
And Yankee hearts will spring from out

The merry little Koam.
What ho ! what ho ! away they go,

The moon is high and bright,
God speed the Utile fisher-hoal.

And grant a starry night.

No pennant flutters at her mast,

No portholes range hTside,
A dusky speck— she lakes her place

Upon the midnight tide.
While gaily sings some happy boy,

" A life upon the sea.
With jolly matis, a water-can,

And trusty nets for me."
But many an hour of fearful risk,

She meets upon the wave,
The ships of stoot and giant form;

Would scarcely care to brave;
And many a on>! with trembling hand

Will trim the beacon light,
And cry " God speed the fisher-boat,

Upon a sturray night."

We proudly laud the daringones

Who cross the pathless main.
The shining perns and yellow dust

Of other climes to gain;
We honor those whose bldSd is with

The mingled waters found.
Who fight till death to guard the clifli

Those waters circle round.
'Tis well, but let us not forget

The poor and gallant set.
Who toil and watch wherf others sleep.

To cas'. the heavy net.
T'neir perils are not paid by fame-
So trim the beacon light,
Aud cry "God-speed the fisher byat,

And grant a starry night."

HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE.

There is a melancholy pleasure in visiting these
noble institutions of modern times, especially those
in our Stale. Once insanity was looked upon as
an almost incurable evil, and its victims were re-
garded Willi fear, and caged up and chained like
wild beasts. But philanthropy has of late years
hoped for bolter things of those deprived for a
time of reason; and experience, has done much
to prove thai the condition of all such may be
greatly iinprovid; thai in'a majority of cases they
may be restored to soundness of mind. Much of
the dread witli which the insane are usually re-
garded, is done away, by an examination of one of
our hospitals where under proper treutnienl, ihey
are found, for the most part, lo be harmless and
easily made coinfiirtable. Who would have be-
lieved a few years ago — that men and women on
whom no clothes could be kept — who had commit-
ted homicide, were wild and frantic day and night,

and from necessity, as it was thought, kept mana-
cled and confined, — might be seen dining together,
dancing together, and even attending public wor-
ship together, without any outbreak or di.sturbance.
And yet this may be seen daily, at Worcester or
Charlestowii. Insanity is now considered simply
as a disease, and one, too, quite within the reach
of cure, when taken in its earlier stages. The
mad-house has become a hospital. Besides medi-
cine for the body, there is also administered med-
icine for the mind. Great use is made of the pow-
er of associations. The deranged are treated with
firm kindness and perfect truthfulness. They are
not subject to severe punishments and are never de-
ceived. If any one doubts the superior efTicacy of
love and sincerity, over harshness and deceit, even
in dealing with those whose reason is for a while
dethroned, let him go to a well managed asylum
for the insane and be convinced of his mistake.
Nor is the pood success of the new system con-
fined only to the latter class of patients ; it is
found to do wonders even with apparently the most
hopeless subjecls, as we can testify from a recent
inspection of the hospital at South Boston.

This is a city institution, built during the last
year. The arragenients on a smaller scale, are
similar to those at Worcester. The first patients
wore taken from jails and alms-honses, where they
hod been long confined, and a majority of them
wcie, of coiirse, incurable. Since January last,
the average number of inmates has been 105, and
now a majority are curable. Most of the work
about tlie hospital is done by the insane. They
take almost the entire care of the beautiful flower
garden ; and one very crazy man cultivates the
grape uitli great success. In general they dine
together, like other people, fifty being seated some-
times in the same room, handling their knives and
forks with great propriety. Dr Butler, the very
gentlemanly head of the establishment, appears in
all respects suited to his interesting office. He
governs his strange household with great skill ; and
by a firiii buL at iii* ouinc liifie plcusailt aiiu ciieer-
ful manner, finds no difficulty in securing obedi-
ence. It is very seldom that he has occasion to
resort to punishment ; and when he does so, it is
rarely any thing more severe than a shower of cold
water. One fact will give a better idea of this
and similar institutions, than any general descrip-
tion. In one of the halls for females, we were
surpiised to find an infant only five weeks old, in
the arms of a young woman. At first we sup-
posed it belonged to some visitor, or to some of
the attendants. What was our surprise to learn it
was born in the house, of a deranged molher, wlio
since its birth had entirely recovered, and was
down stairs at work, leaving the babe to the caro of
these crazy women : and never was a child more
tenderly tended, and never did a circle of gossips
seem more |)roud to show olT a wonderful bantling.
It was striking to observe how one of the strong-
est, and best affections of the sex remained undi-
minished, and served to keep calm and peaceful
these disordered minds. The little, unconscious
innocent was here an angel of mercy.

It is the lot of many to come in contact, sooner
or later, with insanity ; and therefore, we should
advise all wiio can do so conveniently, lo visit the
hospital we have been speaking of, or one like it.
They will thus gather useful hints — and what is
of equal importance, probably lose Bometliing of
their horror of derangement, and learn lo regard it
as a disease whose victims are not to be feared as

dangerous, when properly treated, or given up at
condemned to a hopeless malady, from which deal)
alone can release them. — A^ewburyport Herald.

CRkKN'S patknt straiv cuttkb.

JO.SKPH BRECK it CO. at the New England Agricul-
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and .'■.2 North Maf.
ket .Sirocl, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay aai
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not before-
applied lo aRy implement for this purpose. The inosi prom
inent edecls of this application, and some of the cunsequeol'
peouliarilies of the machine are:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requisi
to use it, thai the strength of a half grown boy is sulficienli
to work it elliciently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bush'
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimed
by any other machine even when worked by horae or sleaii»
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which lbej(
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any otbeK
straw cutler.

4. Tiie machine is simple in its construction, made and pi
together very strongly. U is therefore not so liable as l'
complicated machines in general use to get out of order

Just I

APPLKPARBKS.

lived at the New England Agricidtural Wara-J

house, No SI and G2 North Market Street, a good supply 4
Stanley's Hiipcrior Apple Parers, a very useful article. Wid
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pared
a very short time in the best possible mauner, and wilhgro
saving ol ihe apple, as the oulsides may be taken ofTat an
• 4.::.: ;:.icl..,ess. Tb"^brve-. -Iso for "Ic al ^ ~ '"
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SCUDDER, COB
Dl.S & CO., and HOSMER & TAPl'AN, Milk Street.
Sept. 1 (jw JOSEPH BRECK &. CO.

Popular Majfazlnes. %tII)k rlcb and Bcautlfal
Eugraviiilifa.

The subscribers being the authorized agents, supply sub
Ecribers in all parts of N. Eng.and, as for the last eigfa
years, with the principle magazines, issued in this, and oiha
cities, as —

'JThe Ludy'a Couri, and hady'i Amtiicau Magoaxn
Ediled by Mr- Hale, and Sigourn'-y, with rich and mo
liiMuliful engravings, monildy, at per year S3 00.

The work has attained a circulation of nearly 200
Monlhlv.

Gra)iam\i Ladk's and Gcntleman'.i Magazine — wit]
original sloiieii anil the choicest engravings monthly, at ]
ycir 83 00.

The y'oiUli's .Medation, — with Engravings and
Music,— twice a inonlh, al per year Si Ou.

TIte Clu-istian Faniili/ .Magazine., — at j>er year $1 (

Address JOKUA.N •.^c"CO., 121 Wusliingtou, opposiU
Water street.

UKINDSTO.VBS, ON FRICTIO.\ ROL.L,ERS.

Grindstones of dilTerent sizes hung on friction rollers aid
Minved with a foot Ircader, is lound lo be a great iinprnvc-
incnl on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
case with which they move upon tlie rollers, renders ibcm
very easy lo turn with the fool, by which the labor ol on*
man is saved, and the person in the act of giinding cao '
govern the slone more 10 his mind by having the coiiiplets u
control ol his work. Stones hung in this manner arc ba-j
coining daily mure in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal salisfnction. The rollers can be attached 10 stones bun
in the common wav.

[•'orsale i>y JO.SEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 5\ and S»
North Market Huston. July 14

- t^-.' ' ' I'

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLV P.iPER.

The Editorinl dopnrtinciit of this paper having con
into the hands of ilie subsciiiier, lie is now aulliorizi.
by the publishers to inlorni ihe public lliiil the price (i
ilie paper is reduced. In t'lilure thn lornis will bo
per year in advance, or $2 CO if not puid within thirtl
days. ALLEN PUTNAM.

N. 11. — Postmasters are required by law lo frank all
fiibscriptions and remittances fur newspapers, wilbon
I expense tu subscribers.

AND H O R T I C U L T U R A I. R E « I S T E R .

PUULISHKD BV JOSEPH BREfK St CO., NO. 52 NOUTM MAIIKKT STRK.KT, (Aoiiicultu.ai Waii«mou.e.)-AI-LKN PUTNAM, KOITOK
VOl»XX.]

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY EVKNINC, DKCKMUKR I, 1841.

ISO. as

N, E. FARMER.

FARMYARD MANURE.

The quality of farm-yard compost naturally v»-
ic9 with tiio food uf the animals by which it is
made : that from the cattle of the Btranr yard is
decidedly the poorest — that from thuso fed on oil
akc. corn, or 9wede.<, the richest. Of Btahle
uiig, that from corn-fod horses is most powerful —
Tom those subsisting on strau- and hay, the poor-
Thc difference betwoen the fertilizing ef-
'acts of the richest and the inferior farm-yard dung-,
3 much greater than is commonly believed : in
niny instances the disparity e-tceeds one half; —
bus, that produced by cattle fed upon oil cake is
ully equal in value to double the quantity fed upon
urnips. And as tlio food consumed so materially i
fluences the quality of the manure, it follows, as :
natural consequence, that that mode in summer j
y the clover, grass, and tare-fed stock is much '
operior to that produced during the winter months ;
J the store-fed cattle of the straw.yard, which is
su&lly still further impoverished by the rains and
I0W8. Hence, too, the superior richness of the {
iianure of fatting swine to that of pigs in a lean I
tate, and the far superior strength of nightsoil to
my manure produced from merely vegetable food. I
hemical e.\amination3 are hardly necessary to
rove these facts. Cvc-ry farmer who has had stall- 1
id cattle, will testify to their truth — every cuiti- 1
itor will readily acknowledge the superiority of |
town-made" — that is, corn-produced stable dung, |
» that from horses fed only on hay and straw — and I
at night soil is far superior in strength to either. I
'he relative quantities employed by the cultivator
stray the same fact; for on the soils where he
iplies twenty loads of good farm-yard compost
ir acre, be spreads not half that quantity of night
iL

It is usual for the farmer, although not so com-
lob a practice as is desirable, to increase the bulk
not the quality of his dung-heaps, by addintj to
era various other substances. Thus, as to en-
rging them, by adding to that of the farm-yard
lat mosi, the late Lord Meadowbank made many
iperiments with success, and his directions are
a very simple and easily followed description.
Let the peat-moss,"' he says, " be thrown out of
e pit for some weeks or months, in order ti> lose
redundant moisture. 15y this means it is ren-
!red the lighter to carry, and less compact and
avy, when made up with fresh dung for fermen-
tion ; and accordingly less dung is required for
is purpose tlian if the preparation is made with
lat taken recently from the pit: the peat taken
ra near the surface or at a considerable depth,
swers equally well. Take the peat moss to a
y spot convenient for constructing a dunghill, to
irve the field to be manured ; lay the cartloads of
in two rows, and of the dung in a row between
em. The dung thus lies nearly on an area of
i6 future compost dunghill, and the rows of peat
lOUld be near enough each other, thai workmen
making up the compost, may be able to throw

them together by the spade. In making up, let
the workmen begin at one end, and at the extremi-
ty of the row of dung, (which should not extend
quite so far at that end, as the row^ of peaH on
each side of it do,) lot them lay a boitom of peat
six inches deep and tifleeii feet wide, if the ground
admits of it ; then throw forward and lay on about
ten inches of dung above the bottom of peat, then
add from the side rows about six inches of pc;it,
then four or five of dung, and then six more of poat
— then another thin layer of dung, and then cover
it over with peat at the end where it was begun,
nnd at the two sides. The compost should not be
raised above four feet or four feet and a half high,
otherwise it is apt to press too heavily on the un-
der parts, and check the fermentation ; when a be-
ginning is thus made, the workmen will proceed
working backwards, and adding to the column of
compost, as they are furnished with the three rows
of materials directed to be laid down for them.
They must take care not to tread on the compost
or render it too compact, and of consequence, in
proportion as the peat is wet it should be made up
in lumps, end not much broken. In mild weather
seven cartloads of common farm dung, tolerably
frosh made, is sufficient for twentyonc cartloads of
peat moss ; but in cold weather a larger propor-
tion of dung is desirable. To every twantyeight
cartloads of the compost when made up, it is of use
to throw on above it a cartload of ashes, either
made from coal, peat or wood ; or if these cannot
be had, half the quantity of slacked lime may be
u.sed, the more finely powdered the better; but
these additions are no wise essential to the general
success of the compost. " The dung to be used
should either have been recently made or kept
fresh by compression, as by the treading of cattle
or swine, or by carts passing over it; and if there
is little or no litter in it a smaller quantity will
serve, provided any spongy vegetable matter is add-
ed, at making up the compost — as fresh weeds —
the rubbish of a stackyard — potato shaves — sawings
of timber, &c. ; and as sonic- sorts of dung, ev«n
when fresh, nre much more advanced in decomposi-
tion tlian others, it is material to attend to this ;
for a much less proportion of such dung as is less
advanced will serve for the compost, provided care
is taken to keep the mass sufficiently open, either
by a mixture of the above mentioned substances, or
if these are wanting, by adding the peat piecemeal ;
that is, first making it up in the usual proportion
of three to one of dung, and then adding, after a
time, an equal quantity more or less of moKs. The
dung of this qual'ty of greatest quniitity is shamble
dung, with which under the above precautions six
times the quantity of peat or more, may be prepar-
ed. The same holds as to pigeon's dung and oth-
er fowl dung, and to a certain extent also, as to
that whicli is collected from towns, and made by
animals that feed on grains, refuse of distilleries, &c.
The compost, after it is made up, gets into a
general h»at sooner or later, according to the
weather and the condition of the dung : in su-u-
inor, in ten days or sooner ; in winter, not perhaps
for many weeks, if the cold is severe. It always, I

however, has been found to come on at last; and
in summer it sometimes rises so high as to be mia-
chievous, by consuming the materials (firt-fangxng.)
In that season a slick should be kept in it in dif-
ferent parts, to pull out, and feel now and then ;
fiir if it approaches to blood heat, it should either bo
watered or turned over, and on such an occasion ad-
vantage may be taken to mix it with a little fresh
moss. The heat subsides after a time, and with
great variety, according to the weather, the dung,
and the perfection of the making up of the com-
post, which then should be allowed to remain un-
touched till witliin three weeks of using, when it
should be turned over upside down, and outside in,
and all lumps broken ; then it comes into a secon d
heat, but soon cools and should be taken out for
use. In this state the whole, except bits of tJ le
old decayed wood, appears a black free mass, at id
spreads like garden mould. Use it weight fi ir
weight as farm-yard dung, and it will be found in
a course of cropping fully to sfand the compirisoi n.
Compost, if made up before January, has hitho) •-
to been in good order for the spring crops, but tli is
may not happen in a long frost. In summer, it is
ready in eight or ten weeks, and if there is an anx i-
ety to have it soon prepared, the addition of ashi .'s
or of a little lime rubbish of old buildings, or ( >f
lime slackened with foul water, npplicd to tb le
dung used in making up, will quicken the procci s
consideribly. Peat prepared with lime nlone hi is
not been found to answer as good manure ; in oi ,o
instance, viz: on a bit of fallow sown with wliij: it
it was manifestly pernicious. The opinion of Loj d
Meadowbank in favor of the use of peat or sat /-
dust as a mixture ivith farm-yard compost, has bc< -n
recently confirmed by Mr Dixon, of Hatheraha' w,
in Lancashire.

WOOLLR.N RAOS.

These are almost entirely composed of anini al
matter; tiiey are found to contain a very lar( ;e
proportion of albumen, (a substance similar in a p-
pearaiice to boiled white of egg,) minute portioi is
of lime and silica, and traces of various salt s.
They form, therefore, an excellent manure, b y
slowly decomposing In the soil ; .nnd are found ;to
remain dissolving in it, and forming soluble aa d
elastic matters for the service of plants, when ap'-
plied at the rate (if twelve hun Irod weight per aor« •,
for periods varying from two years on the heavy
clays. The lightness of carriage, and its readi-
ness, as well as cleanliness of application, render
it peculiarly eligible as a fertilizer; it keeps, too,
for any lon!>ili (if time, until the farmer is ready to
apply it to his ground, and is much more slowly
decomposed and consuir»ed, than either blubber,
rape cake, train oil, or bone dust.

Of these rags, the consumption by the Berkshire
and Oxfordshire firniers, and especially in Kent
for the hop grounds, is very considerable. I am
informed by an extensive dealer in these rags, that
at least 20,000 tons ore annually consumed by the
farmer.s of the south of England. My informant
himself has a vale of more than .500 tons per an-
num, which he delivers free on board o vessel, at

170

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DFC. 1. 1-4

any of the London wharves, for fivr guineas per |
ton. The custom of the furmor is, to cnt tbo wool-
len rags by means of a chopper and block, into
pieces uboul the size of a crown piece, and then
spread them on their fields by hand, out of a com-
mon seed basket, as evenly as they can ; they find
that this manure is admirably adapted for hops,
wheat, turnips, &,c., and that the brneficlal etfect
is as great the second year as the first; it appears
that one farmer in Kent, Mr Ellis, of Barming,
purchases annually four or five hundred tons of
these rags, almost exclusively for hi» hop grounds.
The fanners of Kent think the application of the
rags warms the ground ; Ihey certainly, as they
slowly putrefy in the soil, afford nouriehment to
the crop, for wool is composed almost entirely of a
peculiar animal matter, with a slight portion of
phosphate of lime, or earthy matter of bones.

The very cottager is interested in these facts —
for every shred of an old woollen garment is avail-
able for his garden, is an admirable manure for his
potato ground, or if he has not a garden, the poor
collectors of these rags, who travel about for the
large dealers, will readily give him a farthing per
pound for all he can collect; and yet, judging by
the careless way in which very old clothes are often
to be seen absolutely thrown away, in some coun-
try places, I should certainly conclude that the in-
habitants were not aware of their value fohnson's

work on Fertitizers.

COMPARATIVK V.'VLUE OP HAY, VKGETA-
BLES AND CORN.
I wish briefly to draw the attention of farmers
to the value of hay, compared with other crops, for
the feeding of stock. An acre of hay yields one
ton and a half of vegetable food. An acre of car-
rots or Swedish turnips will yield from ten to twen-
ty tons ; say fifteen tons, which is by no means an
exaggerated estiniate. It has been ascertained by
experiment, that three working horses, fifteen and
a half hands high, consumed at the rate of two
hundred and twenlyfour pounds of hay per week,
or five tons one thousand and furtyeight pounds of
hay per year, besides twelve gallons of oats each
•per week, or seventyeight bushels by the year. An
"unworkcd horse consumed at the rate of four and
lone quarter tons of hay in the year. The produce,
therefore, of nearly six acres of laud is necessary
■ to support a working horse by the year ; but half
an acre of carrnti<, at six hundred bushels to the
acre, with the addition of chopped straw, while the
season for their use lasts, will do it a.s well, if not
better. 'I'hese things do not admit of doubt. They
have been subjects of exact trial.

It is believed that the value of a bushel of In-
dian corn in straw and meal, will keep a healthy
horse in good condition for work a week. An acre
of Indian corn which yields sixty bushels, will be
ample for Uie support of a horse through the year.
Let the farmer, then, consider whether Jt be bet-
ter to maintain liis horse upon the produce of half
an acre of carrots, which can be; cultivated at an
expense not greatly exceeding the expense of half
an acre of potatoes, or upon half an acre of rutu
bagn, which, can be raised at a less e.-.pensc than
potatoes, or upon the grain produce of un acre of
Indian corn, or on the other hand, upon the produce
of six acres of his best land in hay and grain ; for
six acres will hardly do more than to yield nearly
six tons of liay and seventyeight bushels of oats.
The same economy might be as successfully intro-
duced intOilhc feeding of our oeat cattle and sheep.

These facts deserve the particular attention of
tlie farmers who are desirous of improving their
pecuniary condition. It is obvious how much
would be gained by the cultivation which is here
suggested ; how much more stock would bo raised ;
how Miuch the dairy produce might be increased;
and how much the means of enriching the land
and improving the cultivation would be constantly
extending asd accumulating. But when we find
on a farm of two hundred acres, that the farmer
cultivates only two acres of potatoes, one acre of
ruta baga, and perhaps a quarter of an acre of car-
rots, we call this " getting along," in the common
phrase; but we can hardly dignify it with the
name of farming. I am aware that labor of a prop-
er kind is in many cases diflicult to be procured,
and with our habits, as difficult to be managed.
Farming, likewise, can in few situations be suc-
cessfully managed, unless the farmer has capital
to employ, equal at least to one year's manure and
one year's crops. A large portion of our farmers,
also, from the nature of their habits and style of
living, aro so prosperous and independent, that
they have no occasion to extend their cultivation
beyond what it now is, in order to meet their
wants; and to incur all the trouble, vexation and
risk of employing more labor, expending more capi-
tal, and increasing their cares.

But it is not fair to produce such instances as
any examples of the profit or unprofitableness of
husbandry, when carried on, as all other branches
of busine.ss, to be successful, must be carried on,
with intelligence, skill, industry, enterprise ; and
all the capital and all the labor which can bo ad-
vantageously employed in it. I will not, however,
anticipate such general views of the subject, as I
propose to take in the retrospect of the whole sur-
vey.— Colman''s Jlgricullural Survey.

only just think for a moment of the effect which t
system will have on the tap-rooted plants ; a
more especially on the growtli of the potato, wb
deposited on the loosened soil of the furrow a
covered with manure, which will be carried do
by every rain to the tap-roots of the plants imbt
ded in it, instead of the sets oeing laid upon 1
hard pan of the soil, at the depth of a few inci
only, as they now are. I should e.;pect that it »
be the means of adding many thousand bushels
our crops, especially in a time of drought, enabli
us to cope with " the Green mountain boys,' »
find it by no means an uncommon occurrence
turn up from 1000 to ISUO bushels to the act
Where are these subsoil ploughs to be obtaine
John Davis.
Lancaster County, Pa.
QJ^Howard's Subsoil Plow can be had
Breck & Co.'s Agricultural Warehouse, No.
North Market St. Boston.

SUBSOIL PLOW.

To the Editor of the Farmer's Cabinet ;

Sir, — I, too, was so fortunate as to be present
at the trial of Plows at the late Exhibition of the
Philadelphia Agricultural Society, and can bear
testimony to the superiority of the centre-draught
plow for purpose of cultivating the land preparato-
ry to sowing, but whether it is equally suitable for
stirring fallowed land, when it is necessary that the
furrows should be set more on edge that the drag
might take a greater hold upon them, remains a
question, which ought, however, to be solved.
Why does not Mr. Prouty take means to show the
powers of his plow under various circumstances
and in different soils ? The premiums he has ob.
tained, and the desire which it is natural he should
feel to bring his plow into notice and competition
with others, ought to operate as a strong induce
ment to him to use every means in his power for
this purpose.

But my present object is, just to say, the subsoil
plow, with its operations, have convinced me that
the system of stirring the hard pan is about to be-
come the value of the rent of our land to us ;
and the thing is, at once so complete and manifest,
that It nui=l have struck every beholder with sur-
prise. Many had their doubts as to the feasibility
of turning the next furrow-slice on to the loosened
earth of the subsoilcd furrow, thinking it probable
that thu work may bo harder and t!ie land might
not lie 60 smoothly ; hut such was not the case, for
the furrow was turned as easily and laid as evenly
93 though no subsoiling had been practised. But,

Corn from Germ Txoo Thousand Years Oldi-

At the annual dinner of the Southwest Middlet
Agricultural Association, held on Friday last
the Adam and Eve Inn, Hayes, near Uxbridge, 1
H. Pownall, of Spring Grove, Hounslow, while ii
logising the farmers of Middlese.x on their highM
grec of intelligence and practical judgment, v(
duced a head of corn, which '; ■ said had bM
grown in the neighborhood of his residence,
as a proof of their meriting the eulogy he H
passed upon them, stated that he had that n
shown the head of corn to .Mr. Sherborn, of Bl
font, who, on examining it, immediately said it H
Egyptian corn, which Mr. Pownall said was
fact, as it had grown from germ found within'
covering of an Egyptian mummy, witliin which!
had been enclosed for upwards of iJOOO yeani
statement which produced a great sensatt
throughout the assemblage.

We should hope for everything that isgood,«i
the old poet Sinus, because there is nothing '
what may be hoped for, and nothing hut what'''
gods are able to give us. Hope quickens all '
still parts of life, and keeps the mind awake in '
most remiss and indolent hours. It is a kind off
tal heat in the soul that cheers and gladdens 'ij
when she does not attend to it It makes j^
easy and labor pleasant. When CBesar had gM
away all his estate in gratuities to his friends,
of them asked hiiii what he had left lor himsoll
which that great man answered, hope.

London papelf

.1 Ileaiy Beet. — \\c have been favored b;
fellow townsman, J. P. K. Stanley, Esq. with
gar beet raised by him on his estate a few
from Baltimore, of great size. It measures 25'
inches round the thickest part of it, and wei|
when pulled afler the leaves had been taken
Vil 1-2 lbs. This beet is within 1-2 a pou
the largest beet whose weight we recollect to
seen published. The success which lias attend
the operations of this gentleman, in every (
partment of farming undertaken by him, »i
another proof to the opinion we have long
formed, that intelligent merchants, possessin]
requisite industry and perseverance, scarcely n.|
fail to make good farmers. — Amer. Far.

"SI;

The death of Judas, is as strong a confinnati .
of Christianity, as the life of Paul. — Lncon.

vol.. xt. yo. ii*.

AND H 0 R T J C U L T (Hi A L REGISTER

171

^ORCr.^TKK \tiRirULTUR.\L SOCIKTV. ''^'''y '" P"'*"'' •''' '''" t)'1«-''i''t'rB. 'I'ho nccuaed,
I bpinjj nrroKtiMl bv llio tn.irslml oT Ilia ilmlrict, vptv

KKrOUT or TUB JUOOKS OW 9WI.Ni:. |, " • '

' oroiijjht to the burs oftbeir renpective pens. 1 hey
Allhc aonual term of llie Supreme Judiciil gppesre.l without coun-el, un.i th.-rclorc the .If-
OUrt ot Swine, within and for the County of W or- , ,,,„^„ „;• i„,„„,^y „„, n„t u^g^j. j'r„,„ ,,,„ ^^g^,_
*ler, begun, hold, and ended on the thirteenth „,„„y j, ^^^^^ ^,,^^ j,,p ,,„„^ ^f ,^,^ j^.,,^^,^, „„,l,
,y of October, the " Judges' took their seat.s at the „„,_ ^,. Worce.-ter. who occupied the .tutu.n on the

^ual convenient place, at an inconveniently late ^^.,,^,,„ ^.^^,, ty of ll.o pen., enlercd into convcr-

•• Tlieir Honors," Hon. Jamea.\llo.i,olO,.k- „aion with the boar of Mr Lyeander C. Clark, of
jn. Hon. Rufus DuUock. of RoyaUton. Hon. Ben
mill FUtabrook. of .Vthol. and Hon. Aniory Hoi
in. of Bolton, appo.ircd and were duly (jualified
le Hon. Charles Sibley, of Barrc, and Hon. Jedc- j y^^ IJndwin'

ih .Marcy, of SouUibndge, being absent, it be- ' "^^bi^pj tl)«'kmd.hnarteVpreccpi8'or hi8"e7ceilen'l
mc necessary to supply, as far as possible, the „,^,jg^^ ^.,,^ bclonRB to the peaceful and benevo-
cancies on the bench. The Hon. Samuel W ood,
Gratton, and the Hon. C. C. P. Ilastiuga, of
ndon, having been senators of the Slate, were
joioled to be judges of swia

Lye

the same town, in the next adjoinins apartnieol on
the east. Uuring the discourse, eome obscrvatioiia
fell (roiii Mr Clark's lioj wliicli hurt llie fecliiij;s of
The lullcr aiiimul had nut fullv

ent society of Friends. KxnsperDtcd by insult.

unmindful of the non-resisting principles under

which he had been educated, and sensible thai his

, honor had been injured, he was prevoJ<ed to send a

The whole court— •• all honorabU uien — were , ^1,^,,^^^^ ,h^j,yp,, ^,,g ^^j,. This was instantly

pressed with a»c and admiration by the view of |^j^j,p,gj ,i,,,^,y ags,„„ed, as men do. that it was

proper to show which was ri^ht, by showing which
was strongest and most skillful in the adminititra-

vast and venerable assemblage" of swin

collection uf quadrupeds which graced the

could not, it is true, be comp.ired with the

Ititudes of another race, which have in former

s thronged the metropolis of the heart of the

mmonwealth. Confined within narrow limits

restrained frrin forming platoons eight deep,

i; could co: eAhibittuch splendid spectacles as

lion of force and arms. Their motives will be
rendered clear by borrowing a part of the words of
un eminent statesman in a recent address to his
constituenu :

' Their minds, dominated by this sophism, and

long drawn processons which have sometimes having adopted as the rule of their own action, the
lamed the streets; but they stood along the lines theory of denegation of reason, and self stiiUifica-
pens, stretching as far as the eye could reach 1 1'"" "'hich it implies, it is not strange that they

ough the crowd of citizens, in fatness, fulness,
mness and strength, like an array without ban-
's.

Various estimates were formed of the quajitit;

pork, as observed at different stations ; no di-

fsity of opinion disputed that the quality was ex-

lent, and that a more magnificent displny had

er before made the husbandman's festiv.il splcn-

One hundred and seventyseven swine of dis-

uished merit, are enumerated in the census of

population of the pens, on the books of the Re-

rding Secretary.

The congregation of the great, and fat, and good.

assumed the same rule as applicable" to their con-
dition.

Coffee and pistols were not at hand. Swill and
tusks for two were provided. The parties' iinnie-
dialely removed the obstructions to an interview,
and met on the area between the pens, at the dis-
tance of twelve paces. Fierce looks were exchang-
ed without effect They then rushed togetlierj
and severe wounds were given and received. The
seconds, discovering that this, unlike other duels,
was like to become a deadly encounter, interposed
without the common delay of a second, and parted
the combatants with great exertion. Each of the

waited on during the day by several officers : opponents was understood to say that he would
the militia, editors, representatives, ancient and have the satisfaction of being torn to pieces for the

orable senstors, the supreme executive council, | sake of proving that he was aggrieved. Under

Governor of the Commonwealth, the Secretary ! these circumstances, it was ordered that the cnmi-
8tote of the United Stales, and the people of I „ai8 g|,auld be remanded to their pens during the

county generally in tlieir own persons, and | jay . that they should afterwards be delivered to

By distinguished strangers.
Sefore the session of the whole court, an unhap-
idifficulty tf)ok place. The relation of such a
graceful transciciion would bo suppressed if it
lid possibly be passed over to oblivion ; but fidel-
to truth requires Ocal it should be noticed. Il
ame the painful duty of the resident Justice
an information presented of the greatest
demeanor which liad ever dishonored the com-
nity of swine. Two boars, it was alleged, had
n engaged in a dutl. The first blood-shed dur-
aa hundred years, from the silly and cruel
ctice of firivate war, had soiled the verdure of
lurf between ihe area of the pens with its red
n. It seemed incredible thai sensible lings
Id be so foolish as to engage in an affair of hon-

and almost impossible that a decent pig should
orgcl the respecl due to liimself, the obligations
lis famii>, his own reputation, and to the char-

r of his race as to commit either suicide or mur-

Thc complaint demanded immediate investi-

ion, and justice set out promptly and without

the custody of their owners; and, being kept in
close confinement, without bail, at convenient
lime should be duly executed, and made to keep
the peace by being divided into suitable pieces.

The first case presented for adjudication was
that of a horse, exhibited by Mr William Ciishman,
of New Braintree — beautiful in form, of graceful
proportions, six years old, and H! hands high. He
was born on the banks of the beautiful Ohio, where
any one might be glad to live or die. He was
worthy to bound over the almost boundless prairies
of the West ; or course with the .Arab steed over
the plains of the East ; or, better than either, to
be the sire of descendants to draw the carts and
work the plows on the hill-sides of New England.
As it could not be shown that a horse was a hog,
and 08 no preiuium could be bestowed for other
animals, the case was considered to be out of tlie
jurisdiction; and tlic only opinion expressed by
the judges was that they had no opinion.

Having finished what did not belong to iheni,
the Judges proceeded to the discharge of their

other laborioii* diitirs. Tho |;rcat rxcellonco of
the animals exiiihiicd, rendered it dillicult to do-
ciilo where the claims for preiniiimii and praiso
were so nicely balanced that all deserved the first
and received the lant. In bestowing Iho marks uf
the Society's approbation in money, regard wa«
had to the cost of krcping, as well as to the breed,
form and size of llic torliinate coinpetilori', with tho
desire lo encourage ihut block which would yield
the (>reitest profit to the farmer, at Ihe least ex-
punse Ifcirorshave occurred in tli>! decisions,
they have nol hippcned from want of a hinccre de-
sire to givo each his due, but fiuin Ihe brief space
allowed for hurried examination and comparison, or
from missppreliciision of merits.

One hundred and forty of the best pigs " not less
than four in number," wliicli hove ever been wean-
ed in Worcester County, first claimed ihe atli'n-
lion of the Judges. By printed invitations, each
of iheni hud been requested to write his autobiogra-
phy, and several have furnished materials to illus-
trate his own beginning and expected end, and to
explain his experirnce of past living and his expec-
tations of future dying. These tesiimonials of
good conduct, showing that each was or would be
honest, faithful and capable, in life or death, would
require a quadruple " Boston Notion" for Ihe slight-
est recapitulation of worth. Not being able to
turn over such vast extent of paper, it must be
brierty staled that a premium of six dollars was
awarded to Mr Samuel Perry, of Worcester, for
the best pigs, one quarter Bedfor/1 blood and three
quarters native breed. The second preniium of
three dollars was adjudged to be due to Mr Wa-
ters Putnam, of Sutton, for his family of nine pro-
mising animals, dividing the blood of Berkshire
and Leicester in equal moieties.

Beyond all these cases, appeared twenty beauti-
ful pigs of Mr Harvey Dodge, of Sutton, all Berk-
shire; six of Mr Taft Foster, of Worcester, half
Berkshire and half Leicester; nine of Messrs. Si-
meon it P, B, Stockwell, of Sutton, of ilie Leices-
ter and New England Race, and one of IMr Baxter
Ellis, of Worcester, a striped pig, which wore re-
garded with admiration.

The premium of eight dollars for iho best breed- •
ing sow not less than two years old, having had
not less tli;,n two lillers of pigs, w as awarded to Mr
Harvey Dodge, of Su Km. The mother, of full
Berkshire blood, had furnished evidence of her /i<e-
rary accomplishments hy nursing one family of 14
pigs, born August I, 1640 — another brood of It
children more, which come into the world January-
1, 1841 ; and a third smaller collection of 12 in-
fants, Avho commenced their residence in the coun-
ty, August G, 1841. Within twelve months and,
six days, slic had niade donation's of forty individu— ^
als to tlie population. Some of these families have
emigrated, and are now settled in Pensacola and.
other cities of the .So'ilh, or in towns of the far
West.

The first premium of five dollars for tlie beet
breeding sow not lep^ than two years old, which
should have had at least one litter of pigs, wM i
awarded to Mr 'Samuel Knox, of Grafton, for hi s
matron, whose fine una full figure exhibited th e
btauties of the min^jled .Mackey and Berkshire
breeds.

The v'-nerated grandsire of Mr Knox's fire slock,
bore the name o( Major, an honored rank in former
time, but, unhappily, no w ii o more distingui.-hed in
the military force of Ihf • Co mmonwealth, lh»n colo-
nels in the staff or ker'jels of corn on the stalk, tho

172

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DEC. I, 1841.

supply of iiot)i liaving greatly exceeded Ihc de>
mand. The "Major" never look couim-iiid of a
battalion, or bore arms in the campaigns of the ar-
my of Massachusetts, liut lie fell in the service of
his country. He died in civil life in his bed, as a
citizen and a [ntriot should, where his pure Berk-
shire blood wa9 shed by the knife. His prema-
ture decease was occasioned by damages received
in his march to liie pens on a fi)rmer cattle show,
where he bore away the highest honors of his class.
His generous proprietor who fed and lovod him
like a devoted friend, mourned for his loss Avith
sorrow that has not yet been comforted. Two
hundred and twentytwo of the cliildren and de-
scendants of the departed pork could now unite in
lamentations for their bereavement.

No individuals have done more to improve the
swine or encourage the agriciiltuml exliibitions of
the county, than Mr Knox and Mr Dodge. Tliey
Lave, annually, at great expense of time, money,
and inconvenience, brought to the pens large por-
tions of their stock, and with extraordinary libe-
rality, have contributed to the objects nf the insti-
tution, without any adequate ri:niuneration, except
the satisfaction of doing good by the example of
their successful experiments. Sometimes, in the
hurry of the occasion, their animals hiive been ac-
cidentally excluded from their just places in the
enclosures and reports, and have been conipelled
to depart in sorrow. Undismayed by adversity,
they and their pigs have persevered in well doing:
Mr Dodge brought with him to the festival of this
year, twentytliree of the inmates of his establish-
ment, and .Mr Knox produced weighty specimens
of the results of his care and attention. One who
has examined the ears of corn raised by the latter
gentleman, nearly as long and wide ns the broad-
swords of cavalry, which have ornamented the hall
of exhibition, could not doubt that while his fields
yield such defences against poverty, the household
of his hogs would be rich in all goodness. The
long ears of his harvests have made his pigs smile.
Long may the conmiunity of swine prosper. It
was decided that llie thaidts of the Society ought
to be tendered to both, for their generous and hon-
orable exertions to promote the prosperity of agri-
culture.

The secont] premium of four dollars, it was con-
iidered should be awarded to Mr Simeon Stock-
well, of S .tton; for the lady of Leicester which he
exhibited, ;.nda gratuity nf two dollars was recom-
mended for .Mr Alaynard King, of West Boylston.

It must gratify the owners of the fortunate swine
who have carried off the prizes, lo know that they
have experienced no slight competition, and that
if the Society cannot bestow premiums they must
give praise to all. The breeding sows of Mr Har-
vey Dodge, of Sutton, full blood Berkshire; of
John W. Lincoln, of the same race; of Osgood
Bradley, three fourths Berkshire and one fourth of
New England, and of Charles Tucker, of the good
old Byfield breed, would have beat their rompeti-
tors if they could. Ketiring Irom the contest, they
will, it is hoped, try again on the next year, and
once more show to their rivals that if they conquer
ill such contest, they cannot succeed without sur-
passing excellence.

Sixteen four-footed boiirs presented themselves
before the Society. The first promnim of five dol-
lars way awarded to Mr I'ree and Converse, o(
Charlton, for one of the entire licrkshire lineage :
and the second preinliini of three dollars was as-
signed to Mr Benjamin F. Curtis, of Worcester,

ifor one which was of the half blood Berkshire and
Leicester breeds.

'Ihe court could not refrain from recommending
[a gratuity of two dollars to Mr Samuel A. Knox,
of Grafton, for the best boar, through whose veins
flowed a current three quarters full of Berkshire
blood improved by one quarter of that derived from
New England ancestry.

They could only bestow their highest approba-
tion on the boars of .Mr Thomas \i. Eaton, three
fourths Berkshire and one fourth Bedford ; of Mr
Lysander C.Clark; of Mr Charles Hadwin, and
of Col. John W. Lincoln, all of Worcester, and
each one half Berkshire; of Samiirl Perry, one
quarter Bedford ; of Simeon Slockwell, of Sutton,
supposed to be entirely Leicester; of Lewis Bige-
low, of Worcester, purely Yankee, and excellent
in every point, and express their gratification at
the rare spectacle of ihe congregation of the an-
cestors of that posterity which in future lime will
rejoice their owners with happy hearts around their
firesides.

The duties of the Court were not diminished by
the abundance of judgment in the most distinguish-
ed cases of merit. Behind them pressed a mighty
congregation of claimants, where all might be-
come plaintiffs or be nonsuited by the opinions of
the judges.

Such terms of commendation as can be found in
the folio edition of Johnson's Dictionary, have
been at least twice used, and must pass to the
third reading, unless afresh supply can be obtain-
ed from Webster's giant American lexicon. No
aid of new words would accurately express the
feeling which delighted those who inspected the
assembly of the great and good, and bcautitul.

A whole family occupied one pen. It was anony-
mous. The card on the rails was blank; but it
was as significant as the inscription on the pictures
of Atheneum Galleries, where we read that the
work of an artist is the " Portrnit of a Grntleman"
or " Porlrait of a Lady," wliich might be under-
stood without description. It was proved, however,
that these were real gentlemen and ladies belong-
ing to Col. John W. Lincoln, of Worcester. His
mode of education was so much approved, that it
was considered proper to odvise him to extend his
practice in the care of the young.

Mr George C. Davis brought u flock of pig.<i de-
scribed by him as Transcendrntalisls. The form
was orbic — the pork will be cubic. External-
ly they were of superior construction ; the more
interior quality will manifest itself when eaten.
They needed no premium. They raised the out-
er covering of the common commonly called sod,
and built a manument of earth for themselves.
If they could have been aided by a fair of the fair,
and allowed a few hundred years, they would have
htfcped up a memorial as lofty as the unfinished
column on Bunker Hill. ."Vs no gentle help assist-
ed their underluking, and as the clocks which
stand as sentinels on the watchtowers of time to
mark his march, gave warning that his advance
through the next centuries was rapid, it wasrccom-
iiiended that Mr Davis should have a gratuity of
two dollars.

Thirtyjix hogs who had enjoyed the hospitali-
ty o( the Slate Lunatic Hospital, attended the ex-
hibition. The swine of Massachusetts have never
been out of their heads, and heretofore their heads
have not appeared to be out of them. They have
been so infatuated, that without derangement of
their happiness they could dispense with their

thinking faculties while under the care of Doctoi
Woodward. His skill, converting every thing i
touches into good, has given to his slocks liighe
value than they ever before possessed, by allowinf
them to look out for themselves. The breed pro
duced by his care, has been celebrated througl
pen and press. If it was possible, the Societ-
ought to return to the Commonwealth a portion o
the generous bounty which is appropriated for Ihi
encouragement of agriculture, when its ofliccr
promote the great interests of husbandry bf intro
ducing important improvements. It is ii:ore desi
rable to extend the benelils of the munificence o
the State among the farmers, by making them ac
qualnted in some subsequent publication, with thi
high merits of the list of improved races of th(
Old Bay State.

Mr Thomas B. Eaton, of Worcester, had a large
domestic circle grouped around their venerabh
maternal parent, who had consented that thej
should be absent from home. The simple diet ot
which they had gained their livelihood, and theii
fine appearance, rendered it proper to rule that c
gratuity of two dollars should be bestowed.

The art of cooking for the pigs has not advanc.
ed so rapidly as that of eating. Their tables len
delicately furnished than those of men, are ofteili
spread over with living pork, and sometimes abouodl
with delicacies. The bill of fare of one fair cre*.^
lure reclining in all the grace of female lovelineai
a whole bundle ol beauty, had not that rich variert]
of names which perplex the visitors of those 8plen><
did hotels called watering places, because tliQ
guests use so little water in proportion lo theii
consumption of rosy fluid. One day's example
may show the arrangements for food :

Breakfast — Potatoes and apples.

Luncheon — Apples and potatoes.

Dinner — Potatoes, apples and Indian meal.

^Ijlenioon Refreshment — ."Apples and potatoes.

Supper — Potatoes and apples.

The potatoes were described as being small ; i
so, they were the cause of greatness in uthera
As a substitute for tea and coffee, the drink fur-
nished at the repasts was the pure washing froi
the house, unadulterated with those foreign luxiKi
ries which are considered by many to be deletei
ous.

Aluch useful and interesting information, hi
been collected from many gentlemen dijtinguishei
for their love of the arts of agriculture in relatii
to the rearing, feeding, and good breeding of swim
Many communications in answer to circulars ad<
dressed to those who have been blessed with
care of the amiable animals, have been obtainei
It has been considered most desirable to anni
these in an appendix, without impairing their val
by an imperfect and hurried abstract of their conS
tents.

A delegation from the Court, soon after their
appointment, proceeded on a mission lo examine
the condition of the swine in other r^ gions. They
found that the hog was treated with the highcft
consideration in the Empire State. }Ie was pi
iiiitted to frequent the principal places of resort
the commi'rclal emporium, and in the cilio .
and villages of New York. There, lif mtendei)
lectures, and political meetings, went d own ii
cellars, ascended the steps of the palace s of
chants, and visited the homes of the hi isband
Like other free and independent citixr ,ns, he
given to hospitality, and cultivated acquaintance

"vol.. XX. x<>. a«.

AND HORTICULTURAL R K G I S T E R ,

173

rilh atrangcrM by (ivpi'tiirnin<; ihom into iho im
to M to engaj.'C cluster intinmcy. llia Ic^-s .1
vorld tuo \i>ng, were iinititeil from tlio rem deer —
liidark body, two worlds luo lank, xcemed to Imvo
tMO whetted oD the new invented rovoivinK pa-
*DtmrtalUc mzor grinddone. 'I'lic Ion);, crowbsr-
liwped Uote formed a convenient implement for
hrowin^ up slonesor throwing down walls. Look-
Dg lik« a ^eyhound on stilts, he was so fleet that
ho fever and ag^ue could not ovortako and shake
im in a fur chaso, and so thin tliat his shadow
:ould not keep up with him in a race. The lio<;
)f Ohio, more di^nilicd, reclined his culoxsal form
eneath tlie Uuckeye tree, and refreshed his appc-
ite Bith the frujts showered down I'rom the for-
ts. In Illinois, the beautiful prairies swarmcil
ritli legions of swine. There, whore earth, rolling
nlo waves of verdure, expands in seas of green,
he pigs cropped the fairest flowers for their feasts,
nd reposed, when weary, benealli bowers festoon-
d with the crimson drapery of the creeper, and
vthered for their couches blossoms as rich and
are as those which bent to the breezes which
wept over Eden.

Tliero is ueither time nor space, now afforded
or describing that which is indescribable. The
omparison led to the conclusion — That a New
England pig, well provided with means of support,
id in good condition and comfortable circumstan-
ei, had better hold fast by the pens of the descen-
ants of the Puritans, than to devote life, fortune
nd honor to a pilgrimage towards the Paradise of
M West

All which is respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM LINCOLN.

Nbtt. — The following table, compiled from the
ooks of the Society, will present a view of the in-
reasing prosperity of the Swine of Worcester
!oanty :

1833 '34 '35 '3& '37 '38 '39 '40 '41
loaia, 2 4 3 1 4 5 18 14 16

towB, 2 -^ 4 3 6 3 3 12 21

igt, 13 22 30 87 41 C8 60 82140

Total,
hroers,
^mpe titers,

17 28 37 41 51 78 81 108 177
2 1 J 1 3 4 10 e 33
(! 10 8 6 17 16 21 24 42

LARGE YIELDS OP CORN— THE CORN
CULTURE.

We observe in the New Genesee Farmer, the
'illowing notices of large yilds of corn :

L In the proceedings of the Cayuga county, N.

Agricultural Fair, we find that the committee on
rain awarded to Joseph F. Osborn, the first pre-
lium of $8 for the best crop of corn, presented by
Decimens, both in quality of seed and quantity
reduced, which yielded 144 bushels II pounds to
le acre.

2. Tha secoi id premium of ,*5 for quantity (121
ishela 15 pound « to the acre.) was awarded to
imes Sherman, n. f Springport

3. In the proce edings of the Genesee County
gricultura! Fair, we find iliat II. Brainard receiv-
l the premium for the best acre of corn, y7 bush-

4, The editor of tli e Genesee Farmer says —
" A Scotch fanner r esiding in the town of Sodus,
'ayne county, N. Y., informs us that lie raised,

Ee pasteeaaon, 400 bu? i^els of Indian corn on four
res of land, notwithsti ending the dryness of the

llr atlribiiii'M hiH succecs iiininly In lim
... ...:ii . of plantiiif;, iind tliinks fariiuTS gonoriilly

plant 1(10 thinly. II19 mode is, to pliinl in rows [i
leet apart, and drop two grains 111 a pUco only 15
inches apart in the rows. The variety used is the
Red HIazed FlinL The soil is sandy loam, and
100 loadd of manure were put on the four acres.
The corn was ripened nnd cut sufliciently early to
sow the ground with wheal."

j 5. Ill the proceedings of the Monroe county, N.
j V. Agricultural Society, wo find that Uobcrl I).
I Martin received the first premium of $7 for the
I best average acre of corn, the average being 1)4
I bushels to tho ocre; Ebenc/.or Gonding received
I the second premium, $■>. his average being 'JO
I bushels to the acre ; and Lyman H. Lnngworthy
j the third, $3, his acroable average being 80 l-.'ti.
j 0. Abram Ciisliman presented a memorandum
I showing a product of !I8 bushels, but as he oimlted
I to produce his vouchors, lie was not awarded a pre-
I miiim.

{ 7. In the proceedings of the Oneida county Cat.
I tie Show and Fair, the first premium for the best
I ncre of corn was awarded to Julius Curtis, of Wesl-
; moreland : it was 86 bushels 36 lbs. : the second
I premium was awarded to Elisha Shaw, pf Rome ;
I his crop was 83 bushels 1!) lbs. of very good corn.
I There was another acre presented for premium
j by Mr Stephen Scott, of Lee, <»7 bushels 40 lbs. ;
this crop, for some reason not assigned, the com-
j laittee regret that they were obliged to exclude.
We have recorded eleven instances of large
yields of corn, and the nature of the last season
I being considered, we may add, of very large ones ;
1 but we regret that wq are not able to lay before
our readers the character of the soils, the quantity
J and quality of the manures used, the kind of corn
I planted, and mode of planting and culture in each
instance, as such information would be much more
satisfactory than the plan adopted, with one exccp-
I tion, of merely giving the results, and ttiat one is by
no means as full as we could wish. It has always
been our opinion that the agricultural committees
should, in publishing their premiums, require the
information we name, and without a compliance
with such requisitions, that no premium should be
awarded, as besides the stimulating influence at-
tendant upon the award of premiums, it should be a
great object to increase the means of competition
by disseminating among the people the modes of
culture by which success may be attained.

In the case of No. 4, in whicr. an aferage of
100 bushels was obtained oflf of 4 acres, close plant,
ing appears to us to have had a material agency in
producing the yield, us the quantity of manure used
is by no means large, being but twentyfive per
cent, more than the quantity usually applied to an
acre of corn land by provident farmers. In the II
instances named, they are all above 80 bushels
to the acie, 4 largely above 90, one 100, one above
121, and one over 144 bushels to the acre. These
large yields, as the reader will have perceived, are
all in the State of New York, where we are cer-
tain the climate is not so congenial to the growth
of corn, as is Maryland and some of our neighbor-
ing States. Why then this dispority in produc-
tion ? We shall not answer this question ; but
we may bo .indulged with a few suggestions with
respect to some few of the operating causes. With
us it is uiifortiHiute that the desire of many of us
is to get a gnat number of acres of corn in, with-
out being over particular in the accumulation if
manure, so as to provide pasture for it when plant-

ed ; many uf u» ngoiii plant more than we can tend,
wlier«aH to the insl, lie who plontx corn, i» careful
to provide manure for whatever ho may put in, and
to plant no more thnn ho can properly cultiratc.
Earl Slimson, of Sarotoga county, N. Y., from 60
acres in corn, linrveHtB annually about .MiOO bush-
els of grain ; his land it land, with very little ad-
mixture of other kinds of soil in it ; just such land
aa in this Stale we have seen corn growing, over
which we could ride without injuring it. He farms
upon tlu; right principle — ho believes that if land
IS worth farming, tliol it is worth being farmed
well ; that the hoiI like the animal stomach requires
feuding, and llmi he who expccla to extract a re-
munerating yield from the earth, must keep it in
good tilth. In a word, he repudiates the plan of
taking all out and putting nothing in. Ho loo,
like the Scotch fanner in No, 4, plants close — 27
inches each way. We are aware, however, that
with our larger varieties of corn we cannot plant
so close as do the folks to the cast, but still we
think that by diminishing our distances we might
increase our products. And while wo have pen in
hand, we wilt use it to nrge upon each of our rea-
ders to begin at onoo to make provision to secure
the requisite manure to experiment next spring up-
on a few acres. Go to the woods for mould and
leaves ; cover your cow-yards wiih it, and in the
spring mix its contents together, adding in the pro-
portion of about ten bushels of lime to the acre
with the compost. If you do this, prepare your
ground well, put in your corn at a proper lime and
distance for yielding, and cultivate it as it ought
to be, we think we can promise you such a crop as
yon may justly be proud of. — American Farmtr.

FLOUR AND WHEAT.
The quantity of flour and wheat delivered from
the Erie canal during the last week in October, at
the places named below, is as follows, via :

Bblg. Flour. Bu. Khtal.
Schenectady, 532 2,8'JO

West Troy. 25,561 63,775

Albany, 52,376 13,632

Total, 78,469 80,497

The following ia the aggregate of flour and
wheat delivered from the Erie canal during the
month of October, at the same places :

Dhh. Flour. Bu. ffheat.

Schenectady, 2,796 2,969

West Troy, 88,060 201,654

Albany, 180,848 47,515

Total,

271,704 25>,138

Jllbany Daily Adv.

BLOSSOM'S residen(;e.

.\ friend in Cambridge inquired of us a while
since where " Woodside" was, the residence of the
cow Blossom. We find the following in the last
No. of the Farmers' Cabinet, published at Phila-
delphia :

"We v.ould inform our inquiring friends that
H'oodsidr, the residence of Sam'l Canby, Esq., the
owner of the remarkable cow Blossom, is situated
.1 12 niilfs from Wilmington, Del. The manage-
ment of this fine farm is in Ihe English style, and
furms an attractive object with those who have a
proper taste for rural improvement."

174

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

nKc I, is*i.

A.M) HOnXICl/LTURAL RFGISTER.

BosTOK, Wednesday, December 1, 1841.

CARE OF STOCK.

At seasiinalile times we have spoken of the producing
and gathering in nf hny, roots, &c. ; also of the impor-
tance of making the barn cuniforlablc. Without feed
and comfortiible lodging, slock will not thrive. But
these alone nrc not all that the lurtner may pruAlably
allow to his domestic animals.

Kindness or gentleness in the general treatment ofall.
animals, is quite conducive to their enjoyment and
thrift; we tlicrefore recomraend the euiployment of
kind tones and gentle action towards tlie inniatet. of the
barn. No ninltiT honr large your outlay of kindness,
for the investment will yield a good interest.

The card nnd currycomb, by exciting the action of the
skin, help lo incrcwe the circulations and to give health
and vigor to the .•mimal. The cow being gener.illy con-
6nod to the yard in winter and accustomed lo but little
•lereise, require'; carding and robbing more than the
01, whose exorcsBu will open the pores of the skin and
help to keep up.goo'l circulations throughout the system.
And yot it is tin; or, that goes into company witli his
owner, whoso liidn is rubbed down with elbow grc.ise —
while the cow, needing it more, is seldom thus favored.
A good carding, each morning, will be found econnmi-
cal food fur your beasts.

Let all ynur animals be so well littered that their bed
shall be dry and comrortable. Sides bedaubed and wet
with excrements, must be both uncomfortable and un-
healthy.

Feed out your hay in small quantities at a time — the
cattle rolioli belter that which lias just been put before
them, than that which they have fouled by their breath.
Mil a variety of kinds together — fresh meadow hay, salt
marsh hay, oat or barley straw, English hay, these or
whatever other ingredients you may have, it is oft n
well to mix thoroughly nnd feed out In the stock. The
proportions must be dttermiiied by the quantity of each
that is to be consumed in the course of the winter — but
make your calculations 80 ns to have the fond become
better in quality toward spring, than it is in mid winler.
All hiy before being fe.l out should bo well shaken
up. The more the straws cross each other, and the
lighter they lay one upon the other, the belter will tliey
be masticated and the mure nourishment will they of-
ford.

Like their owners, cattle relish variety, and it is well
to vary the kinds of food frequently — n foddering of
corn stalks or stover, duily, is relished not only bv ani-
mals that are made to cat mean hay, but also by those
which are plentifully fed with hay of the finest quality.
Roots are fed out pTofusely by some fanners to their
stock. That tlin\ are valuable, no one doubts — but we
have sometimes ihought that where more ilian a p8>>k or
at most a peck and an hall per day is given to a cow,
that the excess above this quantity is much les.s servicea-
ble than the first peck. A targe quantity is too loosen-
ing, and produces an irritation which causes much of the
food to pass oir loo rapidly, and before it has given out
the nouri-hment it would have furnished had it been
longer retained. Where such resulis follow, thour>h
your stock may thrive — yet the keeping is expensive
Wc deem it doHbtlul whether the use of roots diminish-
es to any con-idoriible extent the quantity of hay which
an animal requires ; but where roots are used, meaner
hay will answer ilio pnrp.se, and the slock will come
out in much Imiter condaion in the spring.

Be Teitular in your hours of feeding. This regularity
contributes much to the quiet and contentment of ail
animals.

Keep the barn floor clean : a broom should always
be kept there and frequently used. Save every thing
that the slock can be made to eat. The lime spent in
the barn in preparing the feed and in keeping the «ni
mals clean and comfortable, is far from being thrown
away.

Water should always be in the barn-yard, and ills
desirable to have it under cover.

The testimony in regard to the economy of chopping
hay and straw, is strong and full.

is our teacher,) we would rather be at work in the ditch,,
than sitting by ihe anthracite coal fire writing for tho
farmer, liul stern necessity olten forbids ilie gratifica-
tion of some of our longings. In other words, we hopa
to earn mora money by the pen than we can by using-
the spade.

Don't forget to dig the muck, if you have any spot
where it can be procured in winler.

THOSE BUSHES IN THE SWAMP.

Might it not be well for you, as soon as the ground
freezes up, to wage war upon the aUlers, blueberry bush-
es, water bushes, i&c. which skirt your wet mowing
lands .' These are iloinly tribes, generally feeding upon
your best soils where grass would be glud lo grow, and
would grow profusely if it could but have a fair chance.
In the winter, while the frost holds the roots in place
and gives one firm foothold, these intruders may be cut
close to the surface, and with much dispatch. They
tell me that an acre of my land from which I took last
summer a irood burthen of wet or fresh meadow grass
was, only four years ago, covered entirely with alder
bushes; these bushes were cut in winter with a hassoc
hon, the man hacking up to the bushes and striking be-
tween his feet. Nothing more has been done to this
land, and yet I have never seen above the surface a sin-
gle stump, or any signs that a bush ever e.xisted there.
At the Agnculiural Worehouses may be found an im-
plement which may be called a hassock hoe, but the bit
is so much twisted that the user of it may strike at the
sideof his feet and yet cut horizontally and smoothly.
Whether tl is will be preferred tothc hoe proper, which
requires the man to strike between his feet, we are una-
ble to form an opinion. But with one or the other, or
with your axe, attack these intruders and eye sores. At
thisseason they can be cut much more smoothly than in
the summer; tliey can also bo removed more conve-
niently, and whero they are of any worth as fuel, the
absence of leaves from the branches increases tho facili-
ty with which the brush can be cut, nnd also makes the
brush much loss ditty. If then you have a few days to
spare for this work, watch Ihc condition of the ground,
and when that is in the right state— frozen but not cov- j ■''fi'" ^^"'' l'"* expression of our thanks, be picased

JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS.

We give today the opinion delivered by the august
and honorable Court holden at Worcester on the day of
the Cattle Show. It is presumed to be from the pen of

Chief Justice L , whose interest in tho^e that are

brought lo the bar of the court over which he presided,
bespeaks a susceptible nnd noble soul, end whose deci-
sions are so happily tempered with consideration, mercy
and good will, that even those whose doserts arc not so
manliest as to entitle them to be sentfneed to receive &
fine from the Society, will return to their home so delight-
ed with the attention they received, as to be favored with
quiet sleep, good digestion, and consequent happine»s
and t'lrift. Those who brought disgrace upon their
kind by engaging in "an affair of honor,' will we trust
bow submissivel/ and penitently to the sentence if the
court, and cause their race in future times to avoid imi-
tating those biped barbarians whose example is evil.

A CARD.

Since writing the above, we have received the follow

Ing card, with a request ihat it should be published.

The thanks are so well merited that we comply with
the request with the greatest possible alacrity.

To the Chief Justice of the Court upon Smne, holden at
Worcester on the 13tb ull. :
Hon. and Dear Sir— The undersigned having bean
placed within the bars of the Court over which you pre-
sided, feci compelled by a high sense of duty, to expres*
to yi»u our hearty thanks for the deep interest you take
in us and all of our kith and kin ; for the much you have
done to bring us into favorable notice, and elevate our
standing; for the unvarying politeness and aliention
you have extended to us, and the manifest disposition
you have ever shown to be an impartial judge of beautu
and excellence — for even while some of us are lome-
what onviousof those whom you have preferred, we
yet have the utmost confidence in your disposition to do

erod with snow— then lay to and cut diligently.

DIGGING MUGK.

What ! muck again .' Yes, muck aijain, and perpetu-
ally, almost. Many of the spots in which this is found
are so wet in winter that Ihoy cannot be worked ; but
from some places you may obtain this m Uerial for com-
post while the ground is frozen. II you would like to
open a diich through that wet meadow of yours, where
it is too soft for the team to go on in summer, try it this
winter. Wait until the frost is three or four inches
deep Then, with an axe, in tho morning out the top
up into cakes, and throw them off from one or two rods
In length. Th.^n take the peat spade, peat knife, turf
spade, (or whatever name you choose for the iiiiplemont,)
and throw out a few loads ; then take the team and cart
off before night what you have thrown out. Muck, pro-
cured at »w.h a time, freezes very hard in a few days,
ond ns a consequence is very minutely pulverized when

the frost leaves it in Ihe spring. We have tried it and I'diency of forming a National A „,,„,„,

1 1 is by no means bad work to dig muck from " f, !""' *'"' "' '""">' "'' ''"' '*"■'" eVs' I,f"N,'w Knolani
„i„. 11 1 J . , will be there as enn find time and t „...,,, ,.,,„nH Thi

nter, provided you have a good pa,r of\ invitation i. to all who are willia g"' "uhe. plrl in ill!

to accept our best wishes for your happin>.>si, and our
trust that you may feast upon belter things than pork — 'I
upon the finest 4cf/and the most dolieate poultry.
Yours, very respectfully— in behalf of
" The Congregation of the Great, and Fat and Good.*"
L. Beresiiire,
B. Leicester,
N. E. Leicesver,
Striped I'lo
B. MACEAr ,'
O. BrriEL 1), ani* l

V oe Idl ~ '''"*'"' -KKDJ .HTAl.

Aim. 25, 1841.

It7-4^nc0{a'« commcDts upon the lef ler of Eusebiui]
will appear next week.

kno
many sji

MEETING AT WASHIN gT ON.
On Wednesday, two weeks from th .i, , j^^ ,|,f (^^
of A|:riculture meet in \Vashington, ,o cn.'ijcr the t

gri' :ulluriil Societyi

boots. So far on peraonol comfort goes, (and experience proceedings.

^•M,. \X. XO. JH.

AND HORTICU LTU R A r. R C r; I S T E R

175

TUKKMOMKl'lllCAI..
RrpolKJ lur the .Nrw t:ii|Uiiil lailnrl.
R« we-.f ilw rhcniioineirr nl ilir ((.inlniof (li« propriclon
«l tho .Nfw Krixlatiil Fitniier. Ilri|;bt.in, »Uu. in x ahiidcl
Noitbr 'ly rx|K)Mire, from Not. 15 (• 28.

Nu>. l!Ml.

1

6, A.M.

30 "

12. M.
44

B.l'.M.

38

1 Wind.""

MoniUjr,

IS

1 N. W.

l\ir»iliV,

16

30

34

32

N. W.

WrdiK&ilay,

17

32

33

34

W.

Tliur«c1«y,

IS

as

3a

32

W.

Krni.iv,

19

22

37

3C

N. E.

SilurJajr,

20

33

40

34

N. E.

Siindjjr,

21

as

4a

37

N. W.

Mondar,

24

32

4a

39

E.

Tufjdsy,
WediicsJaT,

as

47

49

41

N. W.

24

30

46

41

N. W.

Thursday,

as

30

43

i3

S. W.

Friday,
Saturday,

a6

39

34

32

N. E.

27

24

S9

24

N. W.

Sunday,

29

20 1

as 1

26

N. VV.

I'riuic iir Siixoiiy Kli-eci-s, wa^llCll, lli. 1 ri ii . i v. \:u, :
iiaii full I'luixl.do 43 a 4o--I)u 3-4 ilo 4U u 42-L)u. i. ,lu
35 a 3« — 1-4 and cnmnion do 30 n 33 —Smyrna Sho)|>, |
waaliml, 20 a 27— On. unwnahed, 10 a M—Kengnti dii ]
8 a 10— Saxony, elvaii, — Hucnns Ajret uiipitkcd, 7 a I0-- |
Sii|>crlliic Nortliorn [lullrd Ininli 42 ii 45 -.No. I ilu. do. do.
as a 4(1 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30- No. 3 ilo do dn 18 a 2n.

^^

BKlGHrO.\ .MARKKT.— Mosi.At, Nov. 29, Itt41.
Reported forttie New Enelnncl Farmer.

At Market 67b Beet Cattle, 5U0 Stores, UAOa Sheep
and i'ib Swine.

riiicts — /(«/ Cattle Last wocks prices were fill ly
■usiained. We quote first quality, $5 75 a 6 00. Sic-
ond qualriT, $4 7o a 5 50. Tliird qualilr $3 36 a 4 5U.

liarreUlng Catllt.—We quote Me8»'f4 38. No. 1,
$3 25. No. 2, $2,50.

Stores. — Two year old $7 a lo. Three year old, $14
■ ^4.

Slierp. — Dull, and several thousand unsold. We
quote lots at Si'c. jtl 00, $1 12, fl 25, $1 50, $1 (12,
f 1 «8, $-2 00 and $•> 25.

Sieine. —A lot of large hogs, 'i 1-2 and 4 1-2. Lola to

rtddle, 3 fi9 for soivs, and 4 69 for barrows. At retail,
1-2 and 5 1-2.

PKKCK rHALNH

Just received from Kiiijloiid, 10,000 del Chniiii*, Miiiul.le
for F.-I1CC9 or oth.-r purposes. For sale by J. lUlKCK &
CO., No. 62 North Market .st. April 21

WILLIS'S LATEST I.MPROVKO VBtiBTAnLB
CUTTER.

Thi« machine surjNUSsn nil others for the purpose of cut
ting Rula B»ga, Manjcl Wurt/.'l, and other roots The
(frent ohjeclion to other machines, is their cutting the roots
into slices, whieh makes it almost impossihle for the cattle
to get hold of iheini thismachine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenieni for llie cattle to eat. It will cut with ease (Vom
one to two hu^heU of roots per minute.

For sale bvJOSEI'H HRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No CI and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uUh great care, weekly.
SEEDS. Her<ls Grass, $3 on to 3 60 jK-rhushel. Red Top,
50 lo 33 cents. Clover— Northern, 13c — Sonthern, I2t0l3c.
Hai Seed. »l 37 to I .iO bu. Lucerne, 23 c.per lb. Ca
HarT Seed, not a buskel in the market.

FLOUR. The market has been very dull throughout the
week, with large additional arrivals, and prices of Genesee
are about 1-8 of a dollar below the last weekly report;
Southern commands previous prices. Sales of the week
consist of 200 bhis. Baltimore City Mills S6 62, 4 mos, for
export i 200 do. Philadelphia 8C 00 cash : 300 do Fredericks-
burg. *6 02, 4 mos ; 400 do. Georgetown, $6 73, 4 mos.
Market closes with' ui animation.

Baltimore Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. #6 76— do. wharf,
•6 50— do. free of garlic, 16 62— Philadelphia do. 4 mos.
t6 62— Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 roos. 36 62— Alexandria,
,irharf mountain, 86 62 —Georgetown, 86 62 a 6 87— Rich-
mond Canal, SO 62— do. City, |7 00 a 7 25— Petershurgh,
So. aide, $7 00 a 7 25— Genesee, common, cash, *6 75—
do. fancy brands 86 St a 6 87.

PR0V1S1()>S. The market has sustained an improve-
ment, since the last report, of near'y 50c. per bbl , on account
of the light droves of beef cattle, and increased demand ex
perienced by barrellers. Clear Pork is also m better re
qaest, and commands somewhat higher prices. Sales 400
£ees Lard 7c. per lb . 4 mos.

Beel— .Mess,4 mo. new bhl. 89 50 a 10 00— Navy— 83 50 a
9 00— No. 1 87 25 a 8 00— do Prime Sj 50 a 6 00— Pork—
E'xtra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8l3— do Clear 811— do Mess 88 60
a 9 60— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50— do Mess from other Slates
•3 25 a 9 SO— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50— Clear 8l 1 00 a 812 00
GKAI.N. — The arrivals since our last weekly report have
beeo large, and prices at the close lell ofl, for corn 1 a 2c. per
bushel. The sales of the week are about 30 Ouo busbek ;
yellow 70und n 1-2 a 73 l-2c. and do. flat 70 1-2 a 71c. per
bushel; while S'S a Ss 7-8c .4 parcel superior New Orleans
yellow 70 1-2 a "I l-2e. 53 lbs to the bushel, no tare, the pur-
chaser payjog 5c. e aeh for the bags. Bran, none in market.
Sales rthocts dt 46c (""er double bushel

Corn— .Noixh.'^m. bu'shel 72 to 73— Round Yellow 72—

Soullicrn Flat V'Hlow 7,'' »" White do 6»— Birley, 65

• 6S-Rye Northern 73 t.'' 73— Oat.-.— Southern 4-> to 61—
Kortbem do. 52 to 5l— Beai '*■ P" ''"sl"^' 75 a I 50.
H4V, per ton, il6 lo 20- -Eastern Screwed 817 10 18.
CHEE::-E— Old 4 to 6 c— N.^w 5 lo 7.
EGGS, 16 a 25.

WOOL. Duty. The value wher, '"'' ?' '^' P'»" °{ ""
rtatioD shall not exceed s cw perpo '"""' "«^- Allwhere-
lof the value exceeds ias. per nound 3. ' P^' *='• *''■ "'•'»'">
|4 els per pound. '

We do not hear of any sales *f impor, '*^^ f'^'"'^ *•?«
Iweek. The dema, d is not large, aod there . ' " •''"' '"PP'y
meet descripiions.

PLUBI TREES ON PLVM BOTTUHS.

2500 very superior Plumtrces, of the most vig-
omus growth, engrafted on Plum stocks, and 6
or 8 foet in height, embracing all the finest bear-
ing kinds, for sale at 850 per huii-lred, or at 86
or 88 per dozen. These trees are worth at least,
twice or thrioe as much as those usually offered lor sale.
Peach trees, 5 lo 8 leet, at 825 per 100. Cherries, 7 lo 10
feel, at 840 per hundred. Apples, 7 to 8 feet, 825 per KO.
Pears, 837 1-2 per 100, and larger and rarer kinds 60 cents
each. Nectarines, 37 cents. Apricois, 37 cents. Goose
berries, finest kinds, 82 per dozen. Large Red Antwerp
Raspberries, 5 feel high, SlO per 100, and fine Red Raspber-
ry for market, 85 per nm. Isabella, and Catawba Grapes,
825 per 100. Orange Quince, 830 per 100.

Orders per mail, will receive prompt attention, and the
amouiil can be enclosed ihcrewiili, or remitted on receipt of
the trees, and all the trees will be selected and packed with
such care, as to ensure satisfaction. The subscriber ntiends
personally lo all orders.

WM. R. PRINCE,
Linntean Garden and Nurseries, Flushing.
Nov. 17 3w

nnouKi our opinion he uskeil as to which of the PIr
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might M-rhapt i
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to
try Prouty & Mcars, but if your land is heavy, harj ori

DUTCH BULBS.

The subscribers would inform their friends and customers
that they have just received a splendid assortment of Dutch
Bulbs, consisting of double and single Hyacinths of all colors,
Polyanthus, Narcissus, Gladiolus, Crocus, Crown Imperials,
Tulips, double and single, Iris, &c. &c., warranted to be of
fine qaality. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Nov. 10.

RUCKTHORIVS WANTED.

The subscribers would like lo purchase 10,000 Buckthorn
plants, .3 years old. Apply at the New England Farmer
Oflice. Nos. 51 and 62 North Market street. JOSEPH
BKECK & CO. Nov. 9.

E^VITANU OIUiAIIIENTAL TREES, &e.

NURSEBV OF WILLIAM KE-SRICK. NO.NHNTU.M HILL,

f)f Peach and Pear Trees, of Plttm -<ni.!
C'irrry Trees a colieclion unrivalle'' ;n any
Inrmer year for extensive numbers of ^e trees,
ol those most highly productive, and valuable,
of new and finest kinds.
Goiseberries of first quality. Apples, Quinces, Nectarines,
.-Vpricots, Grape Vines, Raspberries, Currants. Strawber-
ries, &c. &c.

The new abridged and descriptive Catalogue lor 1842,
which is now in preparation, will lie sent to all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Hnneysxtekles, ^c. Splen-
did varieties of Double yellow Harrison and other Ruses.
of Tree Psonies, of Herliaceous I'aeonies, and other flower
iiig pi
newest ki

All order." addressed lo the subscriber, will he promptly
attendeil to; and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed ii> malls and moss for safe transportation to all dis-
tant places, by land or sea, and delivered in the city free of
charge for transporting by the wacon which is sent thither
daily, or orders may be lell at ihe Stand at No. 44 Congress
st, boston

WILLIAM KENRICK.
Nonanlum Hill, Newton, near Boston, Oct. 6. 1641.
eplDl Oct. 27

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DHAUGHT PLOUGH.

fJreiit iinprovenivnls Imm been mi'de the pa.l )rar in the
form and workinnn-hip nf tli,i.e Plnui(h» ; the moold Ih ard
has been so formed as to lau the furrow complrtrli/ oner,
turning- in cTrry particle of gram or itulMe, and tearing the
ground in the hr<l posiiblc manner. Tlie length of ihe
mould board bus bi n very much increased, su that lh«
Plough works wiih Ihe greatest ease, both with renpecl lo
the hidding and ihe team. The Cnininitlee at the late Itial
of Ploughs at Woreesler, say,

Id our O|iinion be uskeil as lo which of the Plnogha
-. , . . ^^^ ^^

w<tik

— J, rocky

BBois WITH Ma. How;»BD'a.'

At Ihe above mer.I;oned trial the Howard Plough did
more work, vith the tame pmcer of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No other turned morn than twrntyse.-eD
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while ilie
Howard Plough turned Itecntynine and one'half ineha. It
the same power nf team ! All acknowledge thai Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantiollT
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on Ihe shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without
having lo furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secuies
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens iIm
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 10815. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about
810 50, and with cutter 81, with wheel and cutter, 8a SO
extra.

'Ihealove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England .Vericultural Warehouse and Seed St.ira
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

L' ETA NO LIME.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly to their advantage to try Ihe Si. George Go's.
L'Etang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose lo any
other everyat introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over Ihe Hope Insurance Office, Slate St., Bosion.

Sept. S. 3m

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK i CO
.1. «-.i April ti '

No. 62 North Market st.

TYF. UP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 500 Chains for ty»-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derby, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. Jacoues, for the' purpose of securine tattle 10 iIm
stall, are found tc be the salesi and most convenieni noda
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & Cci., No. 52 North Market al.

Psonies, of Herliaceous I'aeonies, and other flower- n,,,^^ Ij^niich now
nls--of Double Dahlias, &c. Rhubarb of first rale i ^j^.ady biei, suflicien
k.nds, Cockspur Thorns, «lc. lionof iransplantini.. r

rdir." addressed lo the subscriber, will be promptly vv„ ..,„ .r,„ni. „„

GRINDSTONRS.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstoici
constantly on hand and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBAKJi
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf isly. Nov. 17.

TRANSPLANTING.

The autumn is prcfered to the spring by
many nursery moii and orchardisls, for Iraua-
planting hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
Plums. The present is a less busy season thaa
the Spring, aud those who intend to purcbasa
an probably gel a better article and obtaiii it with
more lj.-p.iich now than next April The frosts have
"■ I to destroy the foliHge, and tho opera-
may bo done with safety.
We can supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plum, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs at Nnrsery
prices, and pack lo send with safety to any part of the Coud-
Irv. All orders faithfully attended In.
Oct. 27. JOSEPH BRECK & C'V

EDUUND T. IIAS't'INGS * CU.
Pure Sperm Oil.

No- 101 Slate St. keep constantly for sale, Winter. Spriaf
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which ihey
warrant to bo of the best quality and to bnru witboal
erusiirg.

nil Canisters of various tiles.

Boslou, Jan. 1,1841. UI7

176

NEU ENGLAND FARMER

DKC. I, IS4I.

M* I S C E L L A N E 0 U S

THE BOWL.

BY LIECT. G. W. PATTEN, D. 8. ABMT.

0 ! slinn the bowl !— the draught beware,

Whose smile but mocks the lips of men :
When loaming high with walers rare —

O- never much the goblet then.
Wilh friends we love, though sweet to sip

The nectar'd juice at close of day,
Tet trust ye not the syren lip

That wins to cheat, and lures to slay.

0 '. sliun the bowl, and thou shall know

A deeper spell than swims in wine;
Though bright its hours of sunset glow.

Their crimson clouds as briefly shine.
A few short days in madnesF. past,

And thou wilt sink unknown to years ;
Without a hope beyond the blast,

Which mourns above thy grave of tears.

0 ! leave the bowl — if thou art wise

To shun the path of guilty fame,
The burning road where anguish lies.

And perjured honor weeps for shame.
In after years some cheering ray

From virtue's smile will o'er thee spread,
And thou wilt bless the better way

Thy erring steps were loath to tread.

O ! shun the bowl— as thou wouldst leave

The poisnn'd spot where reptiles tread ;
Lest wi<low'd hearts for thee should grieve —

For thee untimely tears be j-hed.
Yea ! thine may be the fearful lot

To prove, ere Time hath dimm'd thy brow,
A sire— andyet the witness not

Of them w4h) weep his broken vow.

Hast thou a l#ide whose every sigh

Dee," trembles wilh the joy it gives ?
Hast thou s child whose week mild eye

Lives in the light its father lives ?
Then shun the bowl !— the draught beware,

Whose smile but mocks the lips of men ;
When foaming high with waters rare—

0 never touch the goblet then!

" EVERY MAN HAS HIS PRICE."
Bo soy some of the poor fools who think to show
their witantl wisdom by sneering at human nature :
and these poor fools say what is true, hut not in the
sense they attach to I heir saying. Kvery man has
his price — but every man has not the same price ;
and tliere is the mistake many of your modern Sol-
omons make. You can buy some men for nine-
pence. You can buy crowds of men for money.
You can catch not a few by flattery, or by minister-
ing to their senses, or by gratify ihg their love of of.
fice and power, or by appealing to their selfish-
ness. Yet, be it remembered, these gentlemen so
easily bribed — so noisy and so notorious, are not
the whole race. There are others wlio demand a
higher price ; who will listen only to tho com-
manda of conscience — the calls of duty, and tho
promptings of a spirit of humanity. "Every man
has his jirice ?" pray what was the price of Ober-
lin, Washington, .\lnrtin Lutiicr, old Hugh Lati-
mer, and a host of others, whose memory the world
still treats with reverence.' We pity the man who
has a mean opinion of his follows. Reader,
whore you meet with such a degenerate son of Ad-
am, beware of him. — There are persons who scent

out the bad in human nature, and in the doings of
the world, even us the vulture scents out carrion. |
They have a sharp eye for every thing that shows
man's imperfection, and liability to sin and error
and folly, whilst they are as blind as bats to every
instan.;e of noble daring, every manifestation of
moral excellence. Do not trust such morbid critics
of mankind. Their philosophy is false : it is the
product of their own selfish hearts, and not the re-
suit of fair observation. When they say every
man can be purchased by money, they say what is
not true. In political circles, in the world of
fashion, or, perhaps, of trade, man may appear a be-
ing hardly deserving of honor. But who shall tell
the virtue hidden in secret places — the love that
never tires — the many acts of disinterested benevo-
lence— the proof that there is in human bosoms
something of the divine.' Who shall tell this.'
Not he who believes in nothing but dollars and
cents — cares for nobody except himself, and is ea-
ger only for his own aggrandizement. But there
are those who can tell tliis. There are those who
seek good in man, and, therefore find it. Gentle
reader, be one of them. — Take our advice, and
never, never, listen to any libels on your race —
never believe men are either angels or devils ; but
look for their bright side, and you shall see it
Their dark side you cannot well help seeing.

JVewhuri/port Herald.

grkbn's patsst straw cuttkr.

PARENTAL INSTRUCTION.

The following quotation from an address of the
Principal of the Flushing Institute, Rev. Dr Muh-
lenbtirg, should be laid in the heart of every
mother.

We are often asked, " What kind of boys do you
want ?"

Give ua such boys as have been blessed with the
instructions of a pious mother. This qualification

for which tio substitute can be found on earth

Never would we despair of the child who has been
used in his infancy to hear the precepts of heavenly

truth inctilcated in the accents of maternal love.

Truths thus instilled live forever in the memory.

They are interwoven with all tlie sensibilities of
the soul. They are the fortress of conscience, not
impregnable, it is true, but indestructible. 'I'hey
furnish the mind with chords which, in latter life,
seldom fail to vibrate to the touch of faithful expos-
tulation. They are as inextir^'uisbable sparks,
which being seemingly smotliered under a heap of
corruption, may be fanned by the breath of friendly
and spiritual counsel into the pure and genial flame
of piety.

CniiisTiANiTT iiv China. — Accounts from Mr.
Gutzlaff, the German missionary, dated Pekin, 'JOth
Nov. last, state that he was assisted in his labors
by seventeen Chinese, who were serving their no-
viciate as missionaries. Two Japanese pupils of
his wore teaching Christianity to their countrymen
and the Chinese nt Mucao ; and in the same place
two of his nieces had been instrumental in the con-
version of 140 Chinese women of the higher class-
es. Mr. Outzlafl" has sent to the Mission's Insti-
tute of Berlin, Germany, 38 volumes relating to the
Christian worship, that were printed at Pekin,
Canton, and other cities of China, and also to ihr
Royal Library manuscripts of nine rare Chinese
works, giving the description of a great number of
monuments anciently existing in the Celestial Em-
pire, all traces of which have now nearly disnp
pea red.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England Aericnl
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and52NarinMn
ket Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hit am t]
Stalk Culler, opcraiing on a mechanical principle not befoB
applied to any implement for this purpose. The most prom
inent effects of ihis application, and some of the conseijuea
peculiarities of the machine are :

1 . So great a reduction of ihe quantum of power requisd^
to use it, that the strength of a half grosvn boy is sumcienf^
to work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two buiklAe
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been claimai |]
by any other uiacliinc even when worked by borse or aleafll j_
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in wbidt lb«
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any ollui
straw culler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, mad* and pw
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable as llr^
complicated machines in general use to get nut of order.

APPLET PARKU8.

Ju>t received at the New England AgriciiUural War,
hou^e, No 51 and 52 North Market Street, a good supply iM*
StanUy's Superior Apple Parcrs, a very useful article. Wit^t
one of ihes'3 machines a bushel of apples may be pared
a very short time in the best possible manner, and wiibgre_
saving of the apple, as the ouisides may be taken ofTat aoj
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N. P.
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Sireel, SCIDOKR, COB
DISiV CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Popular Alag^azincs, -wltli rich and Bemuttfol
Kngravluga.

The subscribers being the authorized agents, supply
scribcrs in all parts of N. Eng.and, as for the laxl e
years, with the principle magazines, issued in this, and olE
lilies, as —

Tlte Lady's Book, and Lady's ^Itnerican Magasin
Ktiilod by Mr- Hale, and Sigourn-y, with rich and mo
fi'MUiiftil engravings, montldy, at per year $3 00.

The work has attained a cinulalion of nearly
Moi.Uily.

GraJiam's Ladie's and Genilemarx's Magazine — wifl
original stoiies and the choices! engravings monthly, at ]
year S3 00.

The Youth's Afedalion, — with Engravings
Music, — twice a month, at per year tl 00.

The Christian Family Magazine, — at per year $1 00.

Aildress JOUDA.\ & CO., 121 Washington, opposiu
Water street.

UUINDSTONES, OS PRICTIO.\ RObLKIC^

Grindstones of different sizen liimg on friction riplltr .:iJ
Mioveil with a font treader, is found to be a great mi| .. .t-
mcni on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders ihem
very easy lo turn with the foot, by which the labor oi one
man is saved, and the person in the act of griiiriini; run
uovcrn the stone more lo his mind by having the ci'inilii*
control of his work. Stones hung in Ihis inanner ar. i e-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give uuivtr-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can tc altache<l lo slones hun
ill I he common wav.

For sale hv JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and l»
iVorth Marke'l Boston. July 14

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKI.Y PAVRR.

The Editorial departninit ofthis pnper havin" rnme
into the hands of ih« subsi-riher, lie is now autii'Tized
by the publishers to inform the public Hint the price of
Ihc pnper i^ reduced. In tnliirr ibe terms will bo $1
per year in advaner., or $2 fiO if nni pjiid within ihirf"
days. ALLEN PIJTNAM

N. B. — Pofitnini^nrs are permitted by law to frank
I'lhscriptions and remittances for newspapers, with
expense lo subscribers.

TPTTUI A to) DEWnCTT, PRIffTF.ES.

i

AND II O II T I (' U L T U R A L REGIS T E R .

PUULISHKD BY JOSEPH BRECK 4 CO., NO. M NOUTll MAllKKT STllEKT, ( Ao.icoitubai \Va««hoc»e.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOB.

OL. XZ.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 8, 1841.

rso. sa.

N. E. FARMER.

For the N. E. Fnrmor.

GRICOL.\ rPOX TflE LETTER OF EUSE-
»IUS.

Mr Editor — I wus amused by reading in your
per of the 17tli ull. the letters which passed be-

ccn Euscbius and his friend, on liis leaving his
rmcr occupation and "turning farmer." The
tiers are written in a happy style, and manifest
e learned leisure and playful imagination of their
ithor. Such learned leisure and hippy fancy I
innot boast, for I am a farmer, and farmers are
•ouder of raising good crops and turning hand-
me furrows, than of making apt similes and turn-
g handsome periods.

The former business of this amateur farmer,
ust bo matter of conjecture. The plain-spoken
OBebius does not mention it, but speaks of his
helpless incapacity." Such incapacity would
ive insured a failure in any business. George
artoon, too, was unsuccessful in his attempt at
rming, though according to Eusebius, he gratified
taste and satisfied his longing without a pecu-
«ry loss, (which is more than other schemers can

i«t,) but George Cartoon and Raphael Guido,

ve no vocation for farming, nor for any other
isiness of sober, every-day life.

Eusebius' friend, in the outset of his farming
leculation, bought a score of sheep, and because

was so green that he did not know a wether

im an ewe, he herates all farmers who sell sheep.

is uats and hay are spoiled in a storm, and he

arrels with the seasons because liis year is not

e eternal sunshine, and
_" Forgets Ihougli horrors round his cottage reign,
That spring will come and naluro 6mile again.''

Mr Editor, I can see nothing in this correspon-
DCC which should deter a sober, discreet man,
10 has the requisite means and corainon energy,
d common atiiae, from commencing farmer. But
» of so much refinement [?] that he cannot asso-
ite with the honest yeom-inry and so much deli-
«y that he will not puil liis gloves olT; a man
lose friends accuse him of helpless incnpncili/, has
little prospect of success in farming as he has
any other laborious or painstaking occupation.
jt to be a successful farmer, in my judgment, it
not necessary that a man should have been born
'0^ a farm or educated especially for the busi-
ss. There are difBculties and occasional dis-
uragements on the farm as well as in other
ipliiVments. The seasons are sometimes unfa-
rable ; tho markets bad ; the horse may get
roe ; the cattle or *hcep be breachy, and worse
m all, the black hen will sometimes persist in
tting on the white hen's nest. And what station
condition of man has not its disappointments ?
you ask the capitalist, he will tell you that when
[flattered himself that his mjuntain stood strong-
t, his riches have taken wings. If you ask the
erchant, he will tell you that the same winds and
ves which have wafted his ships laden with
salth in safety to their harbor at one time, have

at another, when lashed into fury, dnslicd them up-
on « rocky shore or buried them dcopcr than plum-
met can fathom. Tho manufacturer will loll you
of fluctuating prices, absconding or bankrupt debt-
ors, of a ruinous foreign competition, and of de-
vouring elements. Professional men will tell you
of health, and strength, and talents wasted, and tho
burden of every reply will bo vexation, and disap-
pointment, and sorrow. I do not mean that men
do not meet with success, and sometimes splendid
success, in the various occupations which busy
them, but I do mean that the instances are compara-
tively very few where men relinquish an employ-
ment which has become familiar to them and engage
in n new speculation, or trade, or profession, and
find the golden treasures which their dreamy imagi-
nations have promised ; and they as seldom improve
their condition as Iheir fortunes.

I would not advise every man of every possible
temperament and habit, to " turn farmer," because
every one has not sufficient capital, strength and
perseverance. But I would counsel every one
who is sick of the languor and tediousness of doing
nothing — every gentleman loafer who sits moping
in a " too easy chair," or lies dor.ing on o too downy
bed, to arouse from his sloth, and to begin to live,
and move, and act upon his farm, if he has the
means of buying, upon another's, if he has only
means and credit enough to hire it. The dirty
acres cannot burn, nor sink, nor run away. Farm-
ing is a safe f>nd honorable employment; it is the
most suitable and natural to unsophisticated man.

The witty and classical Eusebius laughs at the
idea of a man of taste and refinement " turning
farmer." Among my acquaintance are a few far-
mers of taste and education at least equal to Euse-
bius, and in practical good sense greatly his supe-
riors. In Plymouth county, a clergyman is a prince
among the farmers ; in Berkshire, a lawyer leads
off the premium cattle and swine, and raises the
tallest crops ; in Middlesex, a lawyer has made the
greatest discoveries in agriculture, and makes heaps
of money as well as heaps of manure. One of
the most elegant and pleasant farms in Hampshire
has been improved in its productiveness and lastc-
fulnees by a gentleman who was formerly a mer-
chant tailor in Boston, and made coats which would
have added now graces to the fastidious and ele-
gant Mr Eusebius: I will not say that he would
have made a man of him, but he would have con-
tributed all that any tailor can towards it

AGRICOLA.

I For (lie N. E. Fiinncr.

j FROZEN POTATOES.

Mr EniToii — Sir — It has often been recom-
mended in several of the agricultural publications
of tho day, that potatoes which are frozen, bo soak-

I ed in cold water, in order to restore them loswoet-

I ness before cooking.

Another plan is, when very hardly frozen, "to

I uisaolvo a quarter of an ounce or so of saltpetre
to every peck and add it to the water" in whicft
they arc boiled.

These remedies, for aught I know to the con-

I trary, may be perfectly elTcclual ; but my plan is,
whenever my potatoes get frozen, to lei them re-
main 80, and if there be any danger of their thaw.

I ing before wanted, to place a quantum sitfficit for
the supply of the table, in a situation where such
n contingency cannot possibly ensue. Potatoes
that are frozen ever so hard, if taken in that state

I and immersed in water heated to the boiling point,
(provided they have not previously undergone the

j operation of freezing and thawing,) arc as good

I and palatable as if untouched by frost. I learned

j this lesson, which to me has been a valuable one,
many years since, in the camps and logging swamps
of Maine. Hi^ving no cellars, and indeed few oth-
er conveniences for keeping their potatoes, it is
customary for the logging men to preserve them
by exposing them constantly to the action of the
frost, and whi^h ..= often effectually done by storing
them in tl;e"baci» ^art of tlic camp, but more fre-
quently by allowing them to remain in the open

I air. It is not the operation of freezing, simply,
that delerioratei 'Jiz potato fur culinary purposes ;
but on the Oont-arj the gradual thawing to which
they arc subsequently exposed, ere they arc regard-
ed by many as being St for food.

Respectfully, ycurs, H. D. \V.

ffiudham, Mc, Xov. 29, 1841.

Use of Toarls. — We make the following extract
from the letter of a correspondent at Attakapas,
Louisiana: — "A very wealthy neighbor of mine
has been suffering for many years fnmi what he
calls rheumatic pains, but which is more probably
gout. All the watering places nnd the best physi-
cians could atl'ord him no relief. An old Indian
prescribed for him the oil of toads, to be used by
rubbing on the suffering part. From the use of
this, he has never (ailed to obtain almost immedi-
ate relief, even in the severest paroxysms " — .llba-
ny Cult.

HENS.

The following extract from a letter addressed to
us, contains an inquiry which we hope some of our
correspondents will answer :

"Some of my neighbors are wishing to improve
their breed of hens, and they requested me to write
you on the subject Can you inform me where
the Creole and Booby and some othiTS of the best
kind of hens can be bought.'"

Passumpsia, t't., .Not'. 2*2. L. P. Parks.

We have no knowledge as to where the kinds
named in the inquiry can be obtained, nor do we
know any thing of their peculiarities. Tho Os-
trich, remarkable for its size, and the Dorking,
i which is also larse, and furnished with a superflu-
I oils pair of toes, may be had of .Messrs. Brcck &
I Co. at the N. E. Afrricultural Warehouse.

Small miseries, lile small debti, hit us in so
many places, nnd meet us at so many turns and
corners, that what ihey want in weight they make
in number. — Licon.

178

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DEC. fl. IK4I.

WHITE WEED.

The tdllowing article from the Albany Cultiva-
tor relates to a plant which is, in this viciiiily, call.
ed White Heed. Our farii.ers generally dislike it,
thinking that it roots out other and better plants.

That it makes fjood hay, if cut young, no one
doubts ; perhaps we can have none better. Hut
where this weed nr daisy, occupies the ground al-
most exclusively, the crop is generally siiiall, al-
though these plants, by their wide-spreading blos-
soms, make a great show, and give the appearance
of a heavy burthen upon the ground.

We know not but that cows like to feed be-
twccn the stalks of this plant and eat those of its
leaves which lie npun the ground ; but the stalk it-
self and the blossom are generally left standing
even when feed is short in the pasture.

Many farmers horo wage an annual war upon
this weed. It is feared as an exhausting and vex-
atious intruder. We blame no one for wishing
to keep it out of his lands — but if it get possession,
the harm is not very great ; for while the land is
in tillage, this can bo kept down without great la-
bor, and among the grain crops, and the first two
or three grass crops after the land is laid down,
this weed will not be very abundant; as the grass-
es decline, this weed increases — and it probably
hastens the decline of timothy and red top. — Ed.

WHITE DAISIES AGAI.N.

Messrs. Editors — In answer to the intpiirv of
" Commentator," I would state that I presume the
white daisy of Iris place, which he calls cammomile
daisy, is the same" which makes good hay and pas-
lure here, and that it will do the same there, if he
and his neighbors can divest themselves of their
prejudice against it, and treat it as a friend and
not an enemy.

No man can have a worse opinion of daisies
than I had from my childhood till I was more than
forty years old ; but for more than fifteen years
they have grown in my pastures and meadows un-
molested, (except when greedily eaten by my cows,
horses, and sheep,) and now I would as soon part
with any grass I have as witli them.

I have lately conversed with, several of our best
farmers on the subject, and they are all of my opin-
ion.

Lest it should be thought by those where I am
not known, that I keep my cattle very poor, and
atarva them to eat daisies, I can assure them it is
not so ; but I mean to keep my milch cows so that
they are at all times fit for the butchers; and as
evidence that I do, they killed one for me last
vfeck, that had nothing but what she got in the
summer pastures with the other milch cows, and
was milked twice a day till six weeks aire, and
better and fatter grass-fed beef I never saw ; and
the daisies, although plenty in June, have been
eaten by the cows closer than the other grass.

These daisies have a round blossom, from the
size of a half dollar to a dollar, tlio loaves of the
blow white and single ; that part containing the
seed, yellow ; one blossom on the end of an erect
stalk, from two to three feet high ; sometimes,
however, branching out for more blows, each on
the end of a stem, and single. The flower stem
has a few scattering narrow leaves on it. The
other part of the daisy grows round the stem, and

does not rise but a few inches from the ground ;

in blossom here the latter nnrt of June.

Iftliisisthe same ";>c«/" which Commentator

complains of, and spreads with such "rapidity," he
and his neig-hbors can easily make a Iriol of it, and
if they do it in faith, and thoroughly, I have no
doubt that they will not find it a 7io/i me langere,
or " touch me not,' as they have been used to con-
sider it. On this subject, it is not theory but ex-
perience with me, and I can have no possible mo-
tive to deceive. I said it was good hay for cattle
and sheep, and I think equally good for horses ;
for my daisy. hay, being the handiest in the barn, I
have fed my horse on it since haying, and never
had a horse eat hay cleaner or do belter than he
has. CALVI.M BUTLER.

Plymouth, a., Supt. IG, Ib-ll.

INDUSTRY AND ECONOMY.

Idleness is an inlet to most other vices ; while,
by industry, the powers of the mind are turned to
good account. Usefulness of character depends
much on diligence. Early to accustom children to
industry, application and perseverance, is a neces-
sary part of education. If indulged in idleness
when young, application to business will afterwards
be irksome. They should early be made sensible
of the value of time, they should be made to under-
stand that no economy is so essential as the ccimo-
my of time ; and that as by Sfjuundering pence, we

CRUSHED BONES.

The introduction of bones as a fertilizer, is per
haps one of the must important and successful ag-
ricultural efforts of modern days, and has been cer
lainly one great means of sufficiently increasing
the national production of corn to keep pace witt:
an annually enlarging population. It required
however, like all other agricultural improvements,
much pi.Tseverance and unshaken energy in the
promoters of this mannre, to induce its general
adoption ; many a long and stubborn argument had
to be answered ; many hundred loads of the bone
refuse of Sheffield and Birmingham had to be giv-
en away, before the cautious and suspicious York-
shire farmers could be generally persuaded of the
fallacy of the assertion that " there is no good in
bones.*' To this tardy conviction the erroneous
mode of employing them originally adopted, main-
ly contributed, for they were at first used without
even roughly breaking them, and in consequence,
they decomposed so very slowly in the soil, that
the farmer's patience was naturally exhausted: he
sought in vain for immediate and striking results.

The introduction of machinery, however, by ena-
bling the cultivator to procure them in a crushedl
state, did away with this objection, for when crush-
ed they putrefy with much greater rapidity ; and'
has louL' since induced a consumption of this ma^

are very soon deprived of poiiiids, .-io, by wastin^^

minutes, we shall lose not only hours, but days and | """^ """''^ 'h"" adequate to the national produce ot

months. We must endeavor to inspire children '"'""s- It bas been necessary, in consequence, to

with the spirit inculcated in the following precept ; I search in other countries for a supply ; and for the<

' last fifteen years the quantity of bones imported^
from abroad has been steadily increasing. Thus.,
the declared value of all the bones imported intcw
England —

•We think tlmy are iiol the same — IOd. N E. !•'.

" Whatever thy hand findeth to do, do it with all
thy might."

For a young woman to have been properly in-
structed in the management of a family, is far
more essential to her than all the elegant arts on
which so much time and expense are by some be-
stowed. If she has been made acquainted with
every particular circumstance of a servant's duty,
taken an active part in family concerns, combines
frugality with plenty, retrenches superfluous cost
and decoration, and thus is fitted to meet adverse
as well as prosperous circumstances she will be
useful and respectable in her father's family, and
particularly so in a married state. When domes-
tic economy is viewed in tliis light, is there a wo-
man that would disdain to rank it amon? her ac-
complisliments ? Or a sensible man who would
not prize it in his wife ?

Whatever may be our occupation in life, there
is in an industrious, upright, liberal and benevolent
mind, an inherent dignity, that will meet with es-
teem from all whose opinion deserves to be guarded.

And as frugality and industry are by no means
necessarily connected with an avaricious disposi-
tion, the most opulent parent ought not to

In the

year 1821 was

£1.5,898 12«.

lid.

J 824,

43,940 17

11

162-,"

77,95(! (i

8

1830,

.')8,323 Iti

8

183.3,

97,900 C,

4

1835,

127,131 14

10

1830,

171,80(j 0

0

1837,

254,C00 0

0

Into the port of Hull alone, in 1815, were imported j_
about 8000 tons ; this had increased to 17,.')00 tons '
in 1833, and to 25,700 tons in IS.'JS. These come '
principally from the Netherlands, Denmark, and
the Baltic, but they have been imported from much
more distant places, .such as Buenos Ayres and the
Mediteranean ; and I am confident that if the seal
fishermen of North America and other distant sta-
tions were aware of the fact that the bones of fish
are nearly, if not quite, as valuable for the farmer
as those of other animals, that they would not suf-
fer nny falling ofl" in the supply. By the 3d and
4th William IV., c. 5(>, a duty of one pound per

be
ashamed to adopt, in the economical education of; , .■ j , , , .

his children, the excellent motto, " waste not, want "'^ ."", '1'^ t .'^'^ '=''"^' " •"'7'''''« °" »" ^°"^'
not » Early habits of care, and early aversion and ""!';"'^'' ^"' ^'"'""'*'' P"^P''«e8.
contempt of waste, are interesting lessons for chil- '"*''' ''""o*y'"g table, extracted from one by Rioli-
dren to learn. The ruost industrious and frugal i "■■'' ^'"""'' ''^*1> "^ Hull, will show to the farmer

are frequently the most benevolent and useful.
And it is upon this principle, that children should
bo taught not only to save, but that they are res-
ponsible for making a right use of what they save,
or possess.

While encouraging children in industrious hab.
its, let us not forget or neglect to encourage in-
dustry at their books, and to afford them opportu-
nities for mental im(>rovoment, to qualify them
rightly to enjoy the necessary intercourse with
mankind. — Seltcleil.

from whence the great supply of foreign bones is
derived. This table contains the imports during
1827, in which year the following number of ves-
sels entered the purt of Hull, loaded with bones:

f'esse

's. Tom bones.

From Russia, C

carrying 832

' Prussia, 9

1174

' Sweden and Norwav, (1

3«2

' Denmark, ,'>7

3778

' Hansoalic towns, (il

3760

' Netherlands, 7C>

Clio

Tot.. XX. SO. lit.

^ ^ ^ » " t^ '1' 1 CIJ L T C K A L K E G f S T E

R

Mecklonbor^,
Hn nov(
Oldoiibc

lonbor^, \
vor, \

iberjj, j

33

'i Toul, 218

■■:■ rbe import of bones into Hull lias since been n'pu

, »rly increBsinp ; it was. nccordin^r m a letter with j
, rhich Mr Tottio favored mo. equal to 'iJ.JlOO tons

1 a \^U, and to -Jo.TOO in IKT.. It would certainly
e well to look to other quarters, besides the on-
incnl, for a tuturo supply, since in some of the
lerman States, a duty on their export has been rc-
eotly imposed.

MO

-— -- nto from other C..W9. On the 7lh of April, her

RESPECTABILITYOFTHBKAUMFirsPKo l"'"'.,'"''^ "'" ''"X- ^'o'?'"-'! '13 ond iMG lb,. On

FESSION "V^ T- '"'"""■'"'^'^•i «ei«hin;r her milk and

"•»'*'"»? •""""■ from It ; in four day. it avernecd 25

Lord ToH-nsend, who received the nppel- ^- "> ">«•■ "nd made jnsl .-j lbs. of butler

lation of Turmp To.vnsend, from the «ita of a li- ' My pasture l„.s been very poor and short durinir

centiousco.irt.forhavin- introduced the culture of H'« season, owin- t„ dry ^veallM-r, and too much

that useful vegetable into En^-lund, ha. conferred a »"'='' f'" "-e quantity of pasture. From the time

, There is perhaps no manure of whoso powers i '" 7*^*' "^S*""'"''-' ''"° J"'"^'!"'"'. ha-' conferred a »"'='' '■"■ ""e qimimty „r pasture. From the time
: le chemical evplanation is more easy ; for of the I """'° ""*-' ''enefit on hi=. country than all the ^"■'"'ey """s Hirned out to grass, up to this date
, irtliy and purely animal matters of which bones I P°P'"J'')'9 '"''o ''a*e spread their bulterlly winfrs in «'•" '""* ''ad. by measure, two quarts of Indian meal
; re composed, there is not a single particle which ', «"ns'iine ot Court, from the days of William the ' regnlarly every day.

not a i\irfft ^rinc(itii.m* ... T. _ i f ... ' ConOUCrOr lO t hoR#> nf i'^ttc.^n V;..»„-;_ im» .. I Sha ....111..* „..'l.;i.:»- .1 ...

re compo.xed, there is not a single particle which !, . • •

not a direct constituent or food of vegetables ; < ^""l"'"''"' 'o 'hose of tiueon Victoria. Was it
us if carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in | P""" •'"''"*°" *''« remarked of some one sner^rin^ly,
le abounding oil and cartilage of bones, they are '"^ conversation sai'ored nf bullocks f Yet

lually com:non, nay, ever present in all vegetable i ',''? "'"^''' "'°"''' ''"^'° ''•'«" ''«"er off without a

alters: and if carhnnntp nf i;™„ „.,.i .,i ^t... ,,. Johnson, than without a Colling or a Bakewell

Every generation produces its FifTary great, but
not every generation nor every age produces 'men

alters; and if carbonate of lime and phosphate of
Tie are almost equally common in plants, they are

ill more universally present in all bones. | ""' ""^'^ f;<="<--"'"on nor every age produces mei

To the mode and effect of applyin<r bones as ^ I "''*'' '^ "f" "riginating great and signal improve
inure, either whole, broken, or in a state of pow. I '"^"'^ '" "'"*'' ""portant departments of human in
ir, the Doncasler Agricultural Association paj,) ' ""^'I'V which rive sustenRnrp t,, ,„:ii;„..„ ..r,.
^nsi.lcrable attention, and they have made a very
laable report of the results of their inquiries, in

lich they say :'• The returns received by the As- r"." '" ""-' '<^""^'- stuuio oi nature.^ Thee
ciation, satisfactorily establish the great value of ^'"^®'* ""e shapeless marble into forms of beauty
nes asa manure. Oiirrnrrp«n^n.jo„to ...:.i, __i.. I "'^ other nwulds flesh and blond. nnH rri,.oo i,;.

■•he will bo exhibited at the annual show at
Bridgewater, on the 27th inst., together with other
blood, half blood and native stock.

Respectfully yours, GEO. RANDALL.
.Yew Btdford, Sept. 9, 1841.

nes asa manure. Our correspondents, with only
o exceptions, all concur in stating them to be a
Jhly valuable manure, and on liglu dry soils, su-
rior to farm-yard dung and all other manures,
copying the language of one of them in refe-

Scji.'^DAi,. — Dr Bothune says, with much truth,

that '' slander is more accuinulatrve than a snow.'

I>all." It starts from the mouth of the originator a

mere atom, and passes from hp to lip, accumula-

ting volume and substance till it swells to a size ap-

palling to the di.^interested, and wholly beyond the

„^^^^^_ recognition of its tirst parent. It is like a salad,

the other nwulds flesh and blood, and ^ives" beau- 1 T'""^'' ^^^""^ °"° "'" •'"^"'*''° '" '"^ ''"'" '^'"e, or

ty and value to the unsightly and the" worthless '*^'^ °^ """^ '° '"'""" '"^ "^'''^ ''• ^iJ each

dustry which give sustenance to millions. Why
should the breeder be sneered at .' Is not the ar-
tist caressed .= And what is the breeder but an
artist in the great studio of nature .' The one

ty and value to the unsightly and the worthless.
Is the latter pursuit then, unworthy a gentleman
and man of taste .' Is he who strives to beautify
and adorn this fair world, instead of a gallery or a

^upyiug luf language ol one of them in refe- j , ^ " '""^ woriu, instead ol a gallery or a

ucc to dry sandy soils, we express the opinions ' P"'""— he who labors to restore animated nature
•eated in a far greater number— ' 1 consider bone I '° '"™^ of primal beauty, engaged in a vulgar
lagc one ..f the most useful manures which has I "'' '"^'^less pursuit? It strikes me, on the contra-
3r been discovered for the farmer's benefit. The i ^^' '''^' "° °<=="'Pi"'on 's more congenial to a pure
htnessof rnrri.i,T» i.= ^„;.„i,i r._ ., _ , ,. land elevated taste. No man more than the agri

htnessof carriage, its suitableness for the drill,
I lU general fertilizing properties, render it pe-
liarly valuable in those parts where distance
m towns renders it impossible to procure ma

I
cense.

^aon of the year when time is of the first impor
'Ce ; for one wagon load, or 120 bushels of smal.
II bone dust, is equal to forty or fifty loads of
a manure. Upon very thin sand land its value
lot to be estimated ; it not only is found to bene-
;he particular crop to which it is applied, but
ends through the whole course of crops."
The report adds, that bones have been found
hly beneficial on the limestone soils near Don-
ter, on peaty soils, and on light loams ; but that
the heavy soils and on clay, they produce no
lefit.

rhe mode of applying them is either by sowing
'-.dcast or by the drill ; either by themselves, or

cultiirist has constantly presented before him ima-
ges of beauty. His occupation does not of itself
necessarily bring him in contact, or but slightly.

taster IS so pleased with the sweet morsel, that he
gives It another da^h from the castor, and passes it
on to his next neighbor. Those who have the
least inherent purity of their own, are ever the most
free and liberal jn multiplying the foibles and
magnifying the sins of others. In nine cases out
often tJie reckless traducer of another's character
judges of his victim after the dictates of his own
heart— which being corrupt, corrupts all hia
thoughts, taints with corruption his surmises of the

action, thouglits and motives of others Emanci.

pator.

Rkligion. — We have seldom read a more fin-
ished description of this heavenly principle, in ea

-. ...,,. ».... ..^,.. , ,vu„,u iioi preacnup a crusade "^^v-nfuun oi mis neaverily principle, in ea

against any other of the professions : I would not "^ '"ngunse, than the following, extracted from

drag them down, but 1 would raise the producer vp '''^ ^'"gl'sh Monthly Review :
— raise him up in las own estimaiinn I ,„„..i,i .. d„i;..;.._ .i .

— raise him up in Ins own estimation. I would
have him appreciate aright the dignity of his call-
ing. Man was formed to labor and to be useful.
The primal curse of labor was a blessin? in dis-
guise. There should be no drones in the great
line of humanity. Labor enobles its followers —
Mbant) Cult.

Religion — that messenger of heaven dwella

not exclusively in cells or cloisters : but goes
forth among men not to frown on their happiness,
but to do them good. She is familiar and cheerful
at the tables and firesides of the 4iappy ; she is
equally intimate in the dwellings of poverty and
sorrow ; she encourages the innocent smiles of
youth, and kindles a glow of serenity on the vene-
rable front of age ; she is found too, at the bed-
side of the sick, when the attendants have ceased
from their labor, and the heart is almost still ; she
Messrs. Gavlord & Tpckeh— F send you nerl'*"^^" "^ ''"^ ''""^^ "' mourning, pointing upward
' • ''" Ihe ' house not made with hands;' she will not

From ihe Albany CuiiiTitor.
AYRSHIRE CATTLE.

« is much b. rr „ ' 1 ^' T""'u "• T I *^""'''- Gavlord & Tpckeh-F send you per " 'f " "^ ""= ••""'« "'' '"""^-infr. pointin

ferm ni^d ^ne'^TT.''"^ -th earth first packet for Albany, three portraits of my , ho I '" '^^ ' ''""^"^ ""^ ""'<^'^ -i'l't'^nds ;' sh

ited a e deddedlv t ^''\'^l\^"-\'oueh bred, full blooded Ayrshire Cow, SwinTey im l'?'"'" '""« "^ ""^^« '^ «-■-' """ <="" ^-

done so. The quantity applied per acre is
lul twenlyfive bushels of bone dust, and forty
ihels of large broken bones. The dust is best
immediate profit ; the broken half-inch bones
more continued improvement. Mr Birks says :

I were to liM for early profit, I would use bones
'dered as small as saw-dust ; if I wished to
P my land in good heart,! would use principally

prcvent-

^..._ ..„„ o.A 1 1 - o- - - ■• '^ not un-

years old in May last. She gaie me a calf on the ' ''"'^ '* ''""''• """ ^'"^ ''aliens away and

31st of March last, was milked three days regular '""^^^ ^^^ "''"'' '" ^'"^ ""Idcriiess, so that she may
ly, previous to dropping her calf, and had drawn °"' ''* ""*" ^^ '"^"•"

from her in that time from 45 to .50 quarts. Com- '

menced setting her milk for butter, on the 1st day ^ He that to what he sees, adds observation, and to
ot April. The calf was not allowed to touch a what he roads reflection, is in the ricrht road to
teat, but was led on the mother's new milk for 9 knowledge, provided that, in scrutinizing the hearts
days ; after that on skimmed milk. Quantity of of others, he neglects not his own —Ucon

180

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DEC. 8, IS4I.

HYBRIDS.

There is sotnelliiiiij very curious in llie mixing?
of seeds. In tlie case of .Mr Whitman's turnips, us
related helow, where were two kinds in one pod,
which was produced from a single blossom, and
tiie farina or pollen (which is allowed to be the
fertilizer of the seedj of both the ruta bajra and llie
flat turnips must have lullen' upon it and impreq;- j
iiated the seeds accordingly. One would suppose
that the seeds would all of thpm have become mon-
grels, or as they are called, hybrids. But it seems
that they did not. 'J he mixture or hybrid charac-
ter does not always show itself the first year in the
seed. It is related that the celebrated English
horticulturist, Thomas Knight, mixed the farina of
a dwarf kind of a pea with a tall grey pea. The
seed that year resembled the common i,'rey pea as
usual, but the next year thaproduct of those seeds
partook of the nature of both its parents, and a new
variety was thus formed. Some time since, a friend
in York county gave us an ear of Tuscarora corn,
■which grew by the side of some of the common
sweet corn. The kernels of the sweet corn we
picked out ; the remaining kernels were to all ap-
pearance fair specimens of the Tuscarora corn.
These we planted by themselves, at a distance
from any other, but in the fall we found kernels of
the sweet corn mixed in with the other. Next

seeds. The small sized seeds, when 1 waa a boy,
over fifty years ago, were called the small sweet
melons. The small kind I have not planted or
raised any for several years past.

The seeds that I planled last spring were not
of my raising, but were all of the largest sized
seeds. I am of opinion that both kinds of the
melon seeds were planted and grow near each oth-
er the last year, similar to the ruta baga seeds.

If you think the above facts are worth publish-
ing in your columns, they are at your disposal.
J. WHITiMAN.

.V. Turner, mv. 1811.

EXPENSE AND PROFIT OF A POTATO
CROP IN VERMONT.
The following communication from Mr Ricli, is
of a kind which we always welcome. Exact ac-
counts are what all fanners like to look at — they
are what all fanners should keep. In what way
is it possible for a man to determine accuratdy
wiiich of his crops are, taking a series of years to-
gether, the most profitable, unless he does note
down the expenses of each and its worth ? It is
true that observation and good judgment may help
him to get near the truth, but this is all. The first
of January will soon come round again, and before

t arrives, we advise every young farmer — (we don't
spring we picked out the kernels of sweet corn as ] very willirigly except the old ones) — to provide

Dr.

To 21 loads of long manure at 3s. $10 5

' 1 1-2 days plowing, with 2 yoke of oxen

and 3 men, 5 S

' Man and horse 3 hours in furrowing, T

' 32 bush, seed potatoes, at 2*. per bush. 10 t

' 1 1-3 days planting, at 75 cts. per day, 1 i

' First hoeing, 3 1-2 days, at 7o cts. ' « 2 (

' Second do. 2 3-4 ' at 75 cu. ' ' 2 C

' Use of horse for both hoeings, 1 C

' 12 3-4 days in harvesting, 9 5

' Interest on land, at 850 per acre, 4 £

Deduct two thirds expense of manure
for succeeding crops,

Cr.
By 477 1-2 bush

potatoes, at 2.«.

Deduct expenses.

$159 1
41 1

before, and planted nothing but fair looking Tus-
carora. At harvesting time we found the same
mix as before. The third season we again picked
out the sweet kernels, but in thefalUwe still found
some mixed in with the Tuscarora, and this too
when it was planted each year so far from any of
the sweet variety that the pollen of the one could not
blow on to the other. How long it will be before
we shall be able to get the sweet corn blood eradi-
cated from the Tuscarora, wo cannot tell. It
shows, however, that seedsmen cannot be too care-
ful in keeping plants from which they wish to ob-
tain seeds, separate from others of the same genus.
What are called Dale's Hybrid turnips, which is
a turnip with a ruta baga bottom and a flat turnip
top, we presume originated by mixing the pollen
of the two varieties, and perhaps if Mr Whitman
examines, he will find some among his that will be

of the same or of a better variety than Dale's

Maitte Farmer.

RUTA BAGA AND FLAT TURNIP SEED IN
ONE POD.

Mr Holmes — In a- former communication I
promised^that I would inform you of my opinion,
and the evidence I had that ruta buga and English
or flat turnip seed would both grow in one |)od.

Last year, in the spring, I sel out my roots fur
seed, as usual. Beets, carrots, onions, ruta baga,
English turnips, &.c. The two last were set near
each other; when thoy became ripe, I carefully
gathered them separately. On the 17th of last
June, I planted the same seed which I gathered
from the ruta bagas, where no seed grew last year
except a few weeds. They came up ns usual : —
about one sixteenth part proved to be flat turnips ;
both kinds were in aliijost every hill. '1 he tops

himself with a book in which to keep a journal
If this is done, he has it in his power to turn at
any time to all the minutes he wants^to enable
him to sum up the profits and loss of every crop.

Shortham, Vt., Xov. \5th, 1841.
Mr Editor — Sir — In reading the agricultural
papers of the day, I frequently meet with the mode,
culture, expenses, and loss or gain of farm crops,
which I think is an advantage to the farmer, espe-
cially where thoy are particular in giving the de-
scription of soil and mode of treatment. Being
induced from the frequent recommendations in the
papers, to keep debt and credit of farm crops, I
will give you a statement of one acre and five
eighths of potatoes. Soil, about one half a deep
loam, the other loam and sand, (rather moist.) It
had lain to grass two years, and on the 12lh of
June I drew twentyonc cartloads of long manure,
and spread it evenly over the ground, and plowed
it under to the depth of eight inches, immediately
after spreading. The herds grass and clover had
attained a good growth ; so much so, that it
was necessary to have one hand keep up with the
plow, and with a forked stick prevent the grass
accumulating about the coultor. It was then tlio-
roughly liarrowod, and then furrowed anc' planted
as soon as possible. The ground was furrowed
three feet one way, and planted about two feet the
other; the potatoes being cut and covered two in-
ches deep. First hoeing, 15th July: ciiUivator
run twice in each furrow; second hoeing, 28th Ju-
ly, niid cultivator usod as in the first. 1 endeavor-
ed to have my hands hoe them on the level sys-
torn as much as po-ssiblo ; but owing to their being
furrowed very shallow, and the mode new, ihoy
were hilled njore than I intended to have them,
have resembled both kinds the summer through. ! The season was good until the second hoeing, and

The flat or English turnip bottoms resemble the
ruta bagas in many respects. When convenient I
will endeavor to forward you a sample of some of
tho roots.

Enclosed arc two kinds of water melon seeds,
that grow tho summer past from the largest sized

from that time to the 1 5th of September was too
dry, (which was the case throughout the county.)
From that time to the 14th October, they grew
very fast, and on harvesting them 1 had four hun-
dred and sevcntyseven and a half bushels of pota-
toes. Now fur the account: —

Profit, - - $116 C

or $72 G8 per acre.

1 wish your opinion or some of the eontributoi
to your valuable paper, on the following inquir
Last spring I purchased .55 loads of bone mi
nure from the slaughter house in my vicinity, ao
put them on to three and three fourths acres i
land, it having lain eight or ten years to pastur
The head and jaw bones were broken to pieces
little and then turned under. The piece was the
planted to corn on the 7th June ; produce, 40 bush
els per acre. Soil, a deep muck, inclining to cla
and rather moist. Tiiis piece of land 1 wish i
seed to grass next spring. Will spring wheat t
likely to do well, if not, what will ? Any info
mation will be thankfully received by
Your friond and subscriber,

QUINTUS C. RICH.
P. S. — I have charged nothing for board in tl
above statement on the potato crop, as my Ubi
cost me from 10 to 12 1-2 dollars per month.

1 think there is one great error with those w|
write, in withholding their names. Pieces mcrel
signed with a letter of the alphabet, do not can
such strcngtli with thein as those where tbe author
name is attached.

Is there a remedy for warts on cow's teats ?

Q. C. R.
dj"! am tempted hy the foregoing statement!
give an account, /com memory, o( my own petal
crop. My book is twenty miles from here. It wa
a wonderful crop.

About the last week in May, I took a strip i
land three rods wide and forty long ; plain pastur
land with but little herbage on it. Soil mostly
light colored loam, inclining to a sandy loam. Brok
up and snhsoiled 2-3ds of this with two yoke i
oxen and two men 1-2 a day. Next morning brok
up the remainder with one yoke of oxen and on
man, one hour and an half One fourth of an acr
ot this land, was planted to potatoes. Before plow
ing, I spread upon the 1.4 acre three loads of rot
tin<r (not exactly rolled,) straw, potato vines, mead
ow inud, &c. which 1 found in tho barn-yard wlic
I purchased the place. After plowing I sprea
about four loads of the same powerful manure up
on the furrows and harrowed it in. The land ws
then marked out 4 feel one way and 3 feet 3 ir
the otlier. Then I planted 4 1-2 bushels of a

>!.. XX. SO.-t3.

AND HORTICULTURAL R E G I S T E R

LSI

|orniy and inferior potaloca as icrrt tver tten.

jfhy plant such ? llioy were brou|;lit on to tlie
)un>l bcTorc I a>w ilioin, and I tlion knew not
loro I could gft any otiiers — look next liino be-

\rt i)Oii buy, said I to iiiysolf.) Also, I pUntod

Ipccks of a new variety, fnrfctclicd, wliicli cost
per bbl. They were liocd twice — and now Uow
iny potatoes do you suppose I obtained from tliu
hole piece ? Why, about IhirUtn bushels ; and
etc about as good as I planted.
And DOW for the debt and credit : —
Dr.

7 interest on 1-4 aero at $ii per acre,
Plowing and harrowing,
7 loads of manure (?)
4 l-'i bushels uf seed at &.
~ 7 pecks do.

Hoeing,
Harvesting,

r....By 13 bushels, at -is.

$0.11

1 00

3 50

150

325

50

100

$11 06

433

I us : wo have no wish to doer; husbandry — ws ore
i making no attempts to Jo it. Dot nur desire is
I that its merits should bo fairly and fully presented

— let its discouragements and its hardships bo told

in connsction with its profits and pleasures, for
I even then it will stind and command attention and

respect. It will make its way bettor in the world

for a full and frank account of itself.
1 The inipiiry of our correspondent relative to
j spring wheat, wo can give no satisfactory reply to, ]

for wc know not how the soil and climate where |
j ho lives usually act upon that crop. Wc can only

say that the bones will do the wheat no harm, but

will probably bo of service to the crop.
' If'arts. — Some English journal says that if a so-
j lution of alum be applied three or four times to

warts on cattle, they will be removed. We know
j nothing of the value of this prescription Ed. N.

E. Far.

Loss,

$6 73

It would spoil a good story to state that a hail

J orm shattered the vines of these potatoes into

I ireds, and that they never recovered from the ef-

-j eta of the pelting — and there may be no occasion

say that the main object was to get the land

imewhat mellowed and fitted for a crop the next

lason. Were such things mentioned, the main

iject of these statements might he defeated, which

to show that though farmers of\cn get a large

ofit from particular acres, they also are liable to

sses on other parts of the farm ; and that their

uincss, though a good and respectable one, is

)t, on the whole, so lucrative as many may imag-

e, who make their inferences only from such ac-

lunta as appear in the papers, where writers gen-

lly speak of those parts of the farm which have

)ne well, and leave failures, blacksmith's bills, re-

lira of fences, repairs of buildings, &.c. &c. un-

Hiced. I could make out an account — and as

irly too as many others are made — which would

aow a farm

Dr. 1841, about

Cr. 1-2 bushel turnips sold,

$500 (10
J2

Loss, §4911 88

nd yet it would require a statement of facts to
itisfy me that I have fared worse than many oth-
rs, who can give accounts of large and profitable
rops.

An effort is making, and we rejoice at it, to
ring agriculture into more marked favor than it
as hitherto enjoyed. But partial and delusive
;atements can never do this. Every man who is
llured into it to his cost, will bo likely afterwards
) spoak of the pursuit in terms ot disapproijation
nd contempt. Unfairness will obstruct the ef-
3rt8 of those who would have farmers hold their
wn occupation in higher esteem. The unfairness
'e refer to, is not any that can be pointed out in
articular accounts, but it is necessarily found to
m through the ajricultural pre.-is, where no pains

taken to keep the public informed ihat there is
Dother side to the picture.

Remarks like these would be unnecessary were
iumers accustomed to give accounts of failures as
reely as they do of success : but this is hardly to
le expected of them. But do not inisundcrstand

From ihc Albany Cultivalor.

REMEDY FOR THE ROTS.

I Messrs. Gaylord S,- Tucker — In my early days,
I my father, being fond of good horses, paid great
I attention to their health, and whenever ho appre-
hended that his horse was affected with the bots,
had recourse to strong salt water, generally brine
in which beef had been salted, and it appeared to
have a favorable effect on the animal. The brine
j was given first without any thing preceding it ; but
I after my neighbor made tho following experiments,
[ we changed our course ef practice. A two years
I old horse having died of the disease, our neighbor
opened him, and taking the oesophagus (or ozen, as
, it is perhaps more generally called,) from the sto-
mach, split it open, and exposed the grub to fair
view ; he found their heads deeply embedded in
the cellular substance ; ho then dropped a few
drops of brine on some of them, which induced
those that it touched to contract and adhere with
greater tenacity ; he then dropped on some others
some molasses, which instantly produced a diffe-
rent effect ; they appeared to expand and slacken
their hold ; on to these he then dropped some beef
brine as at first, which caused them immediately
to let go their hold and fly off from their former
station. lie found that by this course, he could
dislodge them whenever he pleased ; hence the ex-
pediency of administering something sweet and
agreeable before the brine is given, is clearly sug-
gested. As there is no doubt that the insect which
is called the bot bee, depositing the egg or nit on
the hair of the horse, produces the grub in the
stomach by being taken in at the nsouth, it is very
desirable to prevent their continn.ance on the horse
where he ;woiild be likely to take them into his
mouth by biting himself, which I have seen one
horse show great reluctance to '\n; he deliberately
viewed the part thickly covered w,ui nits, and af-
ter some hesitation contracting his lips with his
teeth, bit the part, and thoaas if to avoid all adhe-
sion of the nits, he gave a very sudden motion to
his lips. These little eggs or nits are easily re-
moved and destroyed, by rubbing on them almost
any kind of oil or greasy substance.

AN AGRICULTURIST.

Friim (lie Allony Cuhiralur.

RELIEF OF CHOKED CATTLE.

Having by nccid'^nt dmcovored a wiiy to relieve
cattle when choked by attempting to swallow too
large a piece of ruta baga, or utlicr rooto, I thought
I would coinmuoicatc the process of relief to the
Cultivator. Sumo two or three years ago, my bi;cf
cow got choked with n turnip, and having tried tho
usual mode of pouring soft soap down her throat
without the desired effect, I concluded to butcher
her before the turnip had done its work ; sho had
fallen down before I could get a knife roady ; bo I
took hold of the fore leg to turn her in o better po-
sition for opening the veins in the neck, when I
perceived that she was relieved, and soon got up.
I attributed it to drawing the fore leg forward and
out from the body.

I have recommended the same process to my
neighbors, some of whom have tried it with com-
plete success. I would suggest that each fore leg
be pulled alternately.

Yours, respectfully,

DAVID F.LOTT.

VEGETATION OF SEEDS.

An article recently appeared in the Hartford
Courant, on the subject of the vegetation of the
seeds of plants, by being placed on the surface of
untilled ground. A correspondent says it reminds
him of a similar experiment made in Coventry, Ct.,
some twenty five years ago, by the Rev. Abel Ab-
bott, as follows :

He occupied a small rough farm, and having a
pasture very thickly covered with small bushes,
brakes, &c., he cut them down, and laid potatoes
on the surface, at suitable distances, and then the
bushes, &c. over them, adding some straw, enough
to cover them so thick as to keep them moist, and
did nothing more to them until autumn, when he
removed the covering and found a fine ciop of po-
tatoes on the surface of the ground, waiting only
to be picked up ! — Conn. Farmer's Gaz.

Words are in this respect like water, that they
often take their taste, flavor, and character, from
the mouth out of which they proceed, as the water
from the channels through which itftows Lacon.

GRAFTING WALNUTS.

Mr Slorer — I noticed a communication in your
valuable journal of last week, by " A Subscriber,"
who inquires "if walnuts can be grafted and culti-
vated like apples ; and what time to graft the same."

In reply to your subscriber, and for the informa-
tion of your readers who may be desirous of culti-
vating that valuable fruit, the walnut, I can state
that it can be grafted in the same manner, and
with the same success as tho apple, the pear, and
other cultivated fruit trees.

The best time for performing the operation is the
last of May or the first of June, or when the buds
begin to expand and take the leaf form. — Ibtd.

'> Why is it that tho love of flowers takes such
deep hold of the heart ?" Why? Why it is be-
cause they are emblems of love. Show me one
who does not feel his own heart expand as he
watches the expanding beauties of some delicate
flower, and you will show me one who knows noth-
ing of that pure and perfect affection of the heart
which binds the human family together. — Leigh
Hunt.

Tbe praise of the envious is far less creditable
than their censure. — Lacon.

182

NEW ENGLAxND FARMER,

DKC 8, 1S4I

U^

A.NP HORTICITLTURAL REOISTER.
BoSTOlf, WEDIfESDlT, DECEMBER 8, 1841.

AtJRfCULTURE, MANUFACTURES AND COM-
MEKCK— AI.L MEMBERS OF ONE BODY.

Tht eye cannot eiiy to the hand, I have no need of thee;
nor oirain the head to the feet, I have no need of thee.

— ST°i*iUL.

Farmers, ineclianirg, ami merchanis arc all memliers
of ono great body piilitic. The labors of ejcli cIubb are
serviceable to both the others. Neither can say to anoth-
er, " I hare no need of thee." The bonds o( mutual de-
pendence and sympathy between them all are strong;
fo that, as a gennral rule, when one prospers, the others
are partakers in the profits ; and when one suffers, the
others .-suffer wiih it. Whatever slates of public opin-
ion ; whatever events ; whatever legal enactments ;
whatever national treaties are permanently beneficial to
either one of ihi so great pursuits, confer a share of
good (and that no stinted one,) upon each of the others.
Jealousies, envies and discontents among these mem-
bers of the {;reat American body, are as unnatural and
■8 baneful as such feelings would be among the broth-
ers or the sisters who dwell beneath a single roof Mu-
tual respect and gortd will ; fnutual rejoicing in each
other's welfare, should ever bo entertained by farmers,
mechanics and merchants. The opposite of thia is fol-
ly; all rash and uncalled-for attempts to persuade cither
class that it is slighted, trampled upon or undervalued,
are worse than folly — they tend to engender discontent,
and to produce evils, which coming tipon any one class,
must come upon all.

Are farming and farmers sligl.ted or undervalued by
public opinion or by the legislative assemblies of this
country ? But before answering that question, let us
remark briefly upon the importanee cf husbandry and
its dependencies upon other pursuits.

Agriculture is usually called the great business of the
Union and of the world ; it is represented as lying at
the foundation of both manufactures and cotmierce ;
furnishing them with a large part of the raw material
that they work upon, and giving sustenance to those
who are engaged in thern. Farming might possibly cr,
ist without mechanical assistance ; but a bare existence
is all that it could havu without aid from mechanics.
Should the farmer say to the mechanic, " My pursuit is
older and more important than yours, for I furninh food
for the world;" the mechanic might ask, in reply,
" What progress could you make in your work without
the plow, tho yoke, the hoe and the spade, which 1
make ? Thoirgh you do furnish food, you could not
procure ennirgh to keep tho world from starving, without
tho aid of those implements which my skill produces."
Manufactures, in some form, must have been born ere
man tilled the earth with any thing other thnn his fin-
gers and sticks. The two pursuits have come down to-
gether and in inseparable connection, fr<tm tho first ages
of tho world. Tho farmer depends upon the mechanic
for his tools, his clothing and his shelter. The mechan-
ic relies upon the farmer for his braud and meat, wool,
linen and hides Each pursuit abaulutcly requires oid
from the oth»r. Each is essential to man's comfort and
welfare, if not to his existence. Each is honorable and
should bo honored. Each should be favored by public
opinion, and preserved against harm, if need be, by
legislative prutoclinn.

As things now are, agilculturisU look to mecbaDics
not only for their tools and clathin2, but also aa tho
buyanof the surplus producu of the farm. Let m.inu-

facturcs — we now use tho word in its popular sense —
let these languish, and the demand for what the farmer
products, will slacken, and he will find it dilTtcirll to
sell for cash. Always when mechanics nre thrown out
of their accustomed employment, many of them turn
their attention to tho soil ; then the number of produ-
cers increases — the number of buyers dirninishoe, and
the profits of tho regular fanner come diwn. The pe-
cuniary interests of the f-irniors are promoted by that
prosperity in manufactures which calls vast numbers
away from the plow, lessens the amount of agricultural
produce, ajid increases the number of purch.isers. Con-
sequently whatever favors tire marrufacturing interest,
and, in most cases, whatever benefits commerce, and
draws a large number of people into those pursuits bene-
fits agriculturists at the same time. From this it will
follow, generally, that our laves regulating commerce,
and those which increa.se oirr manufactures, act in favor
of the farmer, for thorrgh tho prosperity of other pur-
suits may oblige him to pay higher wages upon the
farm, the price of his produce has a still greater rise.

Commerce calls many thousands of our cilizerjs away
from the field io build our ships, to navigate them upon
every sea, and to dwell in cities for the purpose of dis-
tant and foreign traffic. All these many mouths must
bo fed upon the productions of those who labor upon
the soil. Nor docs the victualling of our navy and mer-
chantmen, and tl 0 feeding of those who buy and sell
and get gain, comprise the whole benefit which agricul-
ture here derives from commerce. Marry of these ships
go from us laden with cotton, tobnecn, f]nirr and meat,
to markets abroad, iitid thus raise the homo price of the
productions of the soil. Wero the cirtton and tobacco
fields of the South appropriated to the riising of grain,
the market price of nearly every article that New Eng-
land farmers raise, would bo sensibly reduced.

These general remarks, if sound, show that in all
such of the doings of government as have been wisely
suited to encourage and protect the other branches of in-
dustry, have at the same time been acting effectually in
favor of agricultitre, liy furnishing it a brisker market,
less competition, and greater profits. This is nearly all
the aid thnt seems dcsirablo. Boirnties by government
upon the productions of tho soil, we deem unwise ; but
oppropri.ilions for tho purpose of acquiring and dissemi-
nating knowledge in relation to this important science
and art, might be wi.so and useful. Further, could we
say a word which might find its way into the balls of
Congress, wo would suggest to legislative wisdom,
whether it might not bo well to take off the duty that
must now be paid upon foreign seeds. — The direct aid
of government to agriculture needs be but little.

But what is the estimation in which farmers and farm-
ing are held ! There is but little cause for complaining
of the prevailing opinions in relation to this point. Per-
haps some of those who have but jus', bleached the
brown from their faces which a country «un painted
while they were pulling weeds from the soil, and who
now sweep the stores of the city, may look with con-
tempt upon the farmer and his occupation ; a few there
may be who think that labor in the field is degrading.
But having mingled considerably in all grades of socie-
ty, from tho rich to tho poor, wa have never known the
agriculturist, as such, lobe ddspLsed or sneered Hi by
any of those whose character for judgment and discrirni-
naiion stamps their npirrions upon tho pirblic mind. In
llie halls of legislation, in all public places, and in tho
press, farmers and their pursuits aro always mentioned
IS honorable. And when electioneering campaigns are
carried on, how Imrdly does this parly and that ono too,
proclaim that their candidate is a farmer.

Tile great change that is desirable is, that the farmers

themselves should regard their own calling with deepi
interest and more favor. Cuuld they but bo brought I
hold themselves in as much esteem as those of olb« tr^"
pursuits readily accord to them, no other change of put "If'
lie opinion would be desirable. The change we apeii
of would manifest itself in their general disposition t
have their sons and daughters laborers on the farm an
in the dairy-room — in their efforts to understand bell{
the principles of agriculture — in efforts to teach thei
families more that perlnins to the pursuit; — in an in(
pendent but mu</es( deportment when in the society o Mt
less rustic people, and in their more contented ai
cheerful tone when speaking of farming, its hardship ||GI
and pleasures, its profits ami its losses. Far be it fron
us to say that there are not many among them who an ^^.
such as we desire to see ; but this cannot be said of all jk
nor of the mass. .

With these views we can have no sympathy with anj ,,.

who would labor to elevate farming by appeals to mei
of other pursuits to hold this callrng in mi re rcspeel
Nor could »c join a cr^ that farmers are depressed an.
degraded by tho laws and the opinions of the New Eng| '
land Stales. *

The tendency i-j now already sufficiently strong ia
men of other occupitions, to become owners and tlllerM
ofthe soil.

These opinions, if well founded, show that the pui«< ^
suit is regarded with sufliciunt favor. Who can desiral '■
rhat other callings should bo so far abandoned as to dsa '
stroy or much injure the farmer's market ? "

Instruction in their art, and a just appreciation of ilH '
respectability, and of tho blessings which the practice oil
it affords, are what their friends should strive to assist far«4
mers in acquiring.

BLACK POTATOES.
We have received in m Rev. Mr Worcestir, of Bridge
water, siime potatoes, which he says are called in Ne«
Bedford the " Black Bulman"— in Fall River, " Black.'^
This we recognize as an old acquaintance, whose facS4
we have missed for } ears. Some twenty years ago it'
was productive, and in the spring and early summer
was remarkably good for the table.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITieN OF FRUITI.

Saturday, JfToT. 27, 18il.
By L. P. Grosvenor — Pound Royal and Chandler Ap-
pl> s — the l.-il'tcr from tho original tree — offered for the
Wells premium lor the best winter fruit.

From Noah Kendall, U'oburn — a large Apple, weigh-
ing 20 oz when taken from the tree.
Fo.- the Committee,

BENJ. V. FRENCH.

lJjf"The inquiries of J. West will be attended Io in
ojur next.

As we cannot judge of the motion of the earth by any
thing within tho earth, but by some radiant and celes-
tial point that is beyond it, so tho wicked, by comparing
Itlomsolves with the wicked, perceive not how far lliev
are advanced in their iniqirily ; to know precisely w li it
lengths ihey have gone, they must fix their ultentiiu in
some bri;:ht and eialtod character tliat is not of t
but above ihcin. — Lacon.

Ai the next thing to having wisdom ourselves, is to
profit by that of others, so tho next thini; to having merh
ourselves, is to take care that the morituriou* profit by
us; for he that rewards thn duserving, makes himswr
ono ofthe number. — B>.

I

XT. Hfo. as.

AND H 0 R T I C U r> T U R A L REGISTER

188

TIIKIIMOMI. i KICAI,.
H«|>oMril lot lilt .Nr» Dnclnnd Ksililrl.
[■ i<r<>f (lie riirriDotiirirr »t llir (turtleiiuf thr priipricion
:hr New KniElun.l Fanner, n9|[litun, M.i«i. in n ihadcd
nhr.ly rK|.o«ure, fur 111* week emling Dec. 6.

1^1.

|6,A.M. I IS. M. |ft,P.M.| WiD<«.

ml»v,
fiii.iV.
i)ne>.l.iy,

irsii.i) .
Jav.

6 I 34 I 3f> I

pir pmiiiil, :i'J |K'r rl. sil irnl.

■ il llio Talui' cjCi'ciU
i •H |HT pouriil.

Wo <lo II. >| lienr of niiy opi'riUioiin in this nrliclc iluriiig llw
weik wortliv iif lieinff reporleil.

I'ruiin or Siixnny [•'Icrcc^, wuslied, lli. 4S n 50 c. — Amer-
iiaii lull Mood, ilo 43 n 'U>--Uci 3-4ili>40 n 42 -Uu. t-'ido
J6 n aj — 1-4 ond ciiminon dii 30 n 3J — Sinyrna Sheep,
wnthcd, 20 « 27— Dii. uiiwiislied, 10 a 14 — llengoti do
8 a lil-Snxiiiiy, clean, — Buennn Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
Sii|>erfine Norlnrrn pulled lainli X'i a 4j— ^l>. I ilii. dn. do.
33 n 40— Nu. 2 do ilo do 2S u 3ii- No. 3 du ili> do IS a 20.

'X

o

J

RKiliroN M.\KKI:T — MoM.Ai, Dec 7, lt<41

Krpnrleit lor the New Kniltlid Fwriuet
,1 .Markcl 8:5 Dee( Cattle, 775 Stores, I'lOO Shoop [ y,,'^,

57r> Swiiic.
mens.— Beef Cattlt. Wo quote to correspond wild

week. Fii>l i)uality, $5 7o « C 00. Second qual-
$4 73 a 3 50. Tl.iid qu.ilily $3 'iJ a 4 GO.
tarrelting Cattle. — The barrellefK refuned lo pay for-

priccs and gcvorni lots «ito purchased at former
es. We quote Mess $4 ii a 4 25. No. I, f :< 12.

2. $2,50.
tores. — Two year old $7 a 14. Tliree year old, $14

YOINU MAN W,\NTF,n.

The ndvrrlii<er waiil.i ;i Miiiirt iiiiil iiili'lli;;ent younf; man
upon n h'arin, ho will liuTe opporlunily In he in!>lrucled in
Ihe .Viirscry nnd (iardeninr tm.tiniiii: in nil lib rurieiies ;
his nppnrlnnilies for valnaliTe informutiun, will ho of great
service lo him if ho n disposed lo lenrn. The ai;e not lo ex-
ceed IG years; ho must hnng uiidouliled recomnieiidulinns lur
iilegrity and cood nior:ils ; he will he wanted for several
.'ar». Inquire at the office of the N. E. Farmer.
Dec 8.

TRAKSPLANTrSa.

The autumn is prefered to the spring hy
lany nursery men and orchardists, lor trans-
lanting hardy trees, us Apples, I'cnrs and
Mums. The present is a less busy season than
the Spring, and those who intend lo purchoio
trees can prolialily ge.t a heUer article and ohtiiiu it wilh
more disp.tlch now than next April. The frosts have
already been sufficient to destroy the folingc, and the opera-
tion of transplanting may be done wilh safety.

We can supply extra fine Apple, Pear, Plum, and olher
sort of fruit, and Ornumenlal Trees and Shrubs at ^'ur^ery
itep. — We quote lots at $ I 00, $125, $1 33, $ I 02, j prices, and pack to send wilh safely to any part of the Couo-
y> &o i\n ... I e>) 'i^ "*■ All orders faithfully attended to.

pz, $J 00 and J. -D. „ „ , ^ Oct. 27. JOSEPH BRECK & C'>

«. — LotD to peddle, 3 1-2 a 3 3 4 for sows, and

2 a 4 3-4 for barrows. At retail, 4 1-2 and 5 1-2.

WHOLESALE PRICES. CURRENT.

Corrected uilh great care. neekUj.
SEDS. Herds Grass, $3 00 lo 3 50 per bushel. Red Top,

AVILLIS'S 1,ATEST IMPROVED VBXJKTAiruE
CUTTER.

This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of cut
ting Rula Baga, Mangel Wurlzcl, and olher roots The
great olijeclion lo olher machines, is their culling the roots
into slices, which makes it aluiusl impossible for ihe cattle
to get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
conveiiienilor Ihe cattle to eat. It will cut wild ease from
one 10 two bushoU of roots per minute.

Forsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-

6S cents. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Southern, l2lol3 c.
Seed, 31 37 to 1 51 bu. Lucerne, 2.5 c per lb. Ca
Seed, not n bushel in the market.

LOUR. The demand has been extremely languid .^ ,_

iffhout ihe week, purchasers taking only what they j land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 52 North Market

An extensive i

:or immediate use. and prices al the close are full one Street, Boston

.h of a dollar below Ihe last weekly report ; small sales 1

•see common brands, 86 62, and Fancy, 86 75 : Ohio
<ew York canal. S6 50 ; 300 do. via New Orleans, 86 31,
; iOl'ii bhls. Bood common brands Genesee, by auction,
) a C 60 per bbl. cash. In Souihern, the sales consist of
bbls. Howard-street, 86 62. 4 mos ; 100 do. do. 80 50
; 150 do. Philadelphia 36 50, 4 mos ; 300 do George-
, 86 75 a 6 87 ; 600 do Fredericksburg, " Extra Eagle,"
, on time.

illimore Howard Slreet, 4 mos, cr. 86 62— do. wharf,
I— do. free of garlic. 86 62— Philadelphia do. 4 mo».
• — Fredericksburg, lowered. 4 mos. 86 50— Alexandria,
•f mountain, S6 SO — Georgetown, 36 C2 a 0 75— Rid
I Canal, 56 62— do. Ciiy, 8r oo a 7 25— PetersburgI
tside, $7 00 a 7 25 — Genesee, comnion, cash, 36 50-
ancy brands 86 75.

.OVISKINS. The advance for Beef noticed in the
reekly reimrl has been fully supported, and some hold-
« asking still bicher prices, on account of the small
>er of Hecf Cattle offered in tlic market. No change of
1 consi''(Mjir.c in Pcirk. Sales Lard 6 1-2 a 7c. per lb.,
ome [..reels al auction, cnmnnui, at lower prices; 100
Wesierii, fair. 6c. per lb.

,(_Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 49 50 a 10 00 — ^Navy— S8 50a
-No. 1 87 25 a ? 00— do Prime S; 50 a 6 50— Pork —
a clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8l3-do Clear 81 1— do Mess 83 50
>0— do Prime 87 00 a r 50 — do Mess from other Slates
a 9 30— do Prime S7 00 a T 50— Clear 811 00 a 812 00
IAIN. The transactions o( llie week have been con-
ably affected by the slate of ihe money market. The
ure, however, having somewhat abated, we look for a
ly renewal of active business. Sales coosisl of round
7ac.; yellow flat, ij7 a 65c and white, 05 a 66 per bush-
rl on short credit; ea.slern Oals, Sue, and northern, 60
. per bushel; Delaware same, pan on time, adding in-

rn— Norlhem, bushel 70 10 71 — Round Yellow 70 —

lern Flat Yellow 67 a 68 White do 66— Barley, 63

-Bye Northern 70 10 73— Oats— Southern 43 10 51 —

leru do. 52 lo 54 — Beans, per bushel 75 a I 00.

lY, per ton, 813 to 20- Eastern Screwed 817 to 18.

lEESE— Old 4 to 6 c— .\cw S to 7.

iGS, 16 a 25.

30L. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex

tion shall not exceed a cts. per pound, free. .All where

Sept. t

' DUTCH BVLBS.

The subscribers would inform their friends and customers
that they have just received a splendid assorlinent of Dutch
Bulbs, consisting of double and single Hyacinths of all colors,
Polyanthus, Nnrcissus, Gladiolus, Crocus, Crown Imperials,
Tulips, double and single. Iris, Ate. &.c , warranted to be of
fine quality. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Nov. 10.

ItUCKTHORNS -WANTED.

The subscribers would like to puri-hase 10,000 Buckthorn
plants, 3 years old. Apply al the New England Farmer
Office, Nos. 51 and 52' North Market street. JOSEPH
BHECK & CO- Nov. 9.

ORIJNDSTONES

rlmenl of Water and Ila'',i <>rlndstoi'<s

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in Ihe
form and workmanship nl these Phiughs ; the mould bi ard
has been so formed ns to lav the furrmp complrtelt/ orer.
turning in everij particle of graat or ilul'hie, and leaving Ihe
ffrounil in the' hrst pm-ti'lile manner. The Kiiglh of the
mould board has In n very much increased, %o that lh«
Plough works wilh Ihe greatest ease, both willi resfiecl lo
the holding and the team. The Cnmniitlcc at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo wliirh of Ihe Plougha
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we mighl nerhapn say lo
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light ami easy to woik,
try Priiuly & Mears, bul if your land it hcaty, hirj orrocLy,
Buois WITH Mb. Howard's.''

At the above mcr.f.oned trial llie Howard Plough did
more vork, leith the same pmner of team, than any olher
plough exhibited. No other turned more ihan Iweutysc/en
and one Imlf inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while lh«
Howard I-'loitgh turned tieentunine and one half inches, to
the same power of team I All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been qniie an improvement made on ihe shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without
having to furnish a new hindside: this shoe likewise scciiies
the mould board and landside together, and slrengihens llbc
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to 815. A PloHt>h,
sufficient for breaking lip wilh four cnllle, will cost about
Sill 00, and with cutter 81, with wheel and cutter, 82 60
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, al
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Slma,
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FENCE CHAINS.
Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or olher purposes. For sale by J. BRECK &
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

TYE rP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 600 Chains for lyt-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derbv, Esq. o( Salem,
and Col. Jacques, for the purpose of securing catile t</the
stall, are fonnd to be the salest and most convenient mode
of fastening cows and oxen l^f the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,N«). bi North Market at.

cnnstanily on hand and for sale by A MU ' n fnMmi'I^
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isl,. NoTl?

EDSIVND T. HAS'»-4XGS A. CO "

Pure Sr.orm OH.

No. 101 State St keep constanllv for sale, Winter, Spring
and tall Sperm Oil, b'.eaalied and twblenched ; whi^h they
warrant to be of the best quality and lo buru witbout
crusting.

Oil Cap'isters of various size*.

Bo-stou, Jan. 1, 1841- laly

L'ETAXG LIMB.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural pitrpos es will
find it greatly to their advantage to try the St. Geor >e Co's.
L'Elang Lime, said to be suijcrior for that purpo! e to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DWIS,
over ibe Hope Insurance Office, State St., Boston

Sept. 8. 3m

6t)K DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo 're's. Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful articlofor the purpose of giving the time
of day in the ";<;iieii or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRiOK * CO., No 51 and 62 North Market St.

" ^ ' Sept I.

DRAFT AND TRACE OilAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughir lu
2U0 •' Truck and leading Chains. "■

200 " PJ;''' Chains. Fir sale hy J. BB ECK! & CO«

ApriUl

.IGRICULTl'RAt, IMPLEfllKNTS, Ac

The Proprietors of the New n:ngland AgricuUural Ware-
house and ^Seed Store No. 61 and 52 Norlh Market slreet
wixuld inform their customers and ihe public generally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agn-
culuual and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which are the following :

.No- 52 North Market st.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Ifoii Ploughs
3PD Common do. do.
200 Cultivators,
too Greene's Straw Cullers.
50 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis* Patent Corn

Shellers.
511 Common do do.
2u0 Willis" Seed Sowers.
60 " VcgefiUe Callers.
50 Common do do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
1 00 Ox Yokes.
1500 Doz Scythe Stones.
3000 '• Austin's Rifles
March P.

too doz- Cast Steel Shovels.

Common do.

Spades.

Grass Scythes.

Mem Snaiihs.

Common do.

Hay Rakes.

Garden do.

Manure Forks.

Hay ilo.

00 Pair Trace Chain; .
too " Truck do.
100 Dralt do.
500 Tie up do.
50 doz. Halter do.
OUU yards Fence dn.
25 Grind Stones ou rollers.

184

Z\V ENGLAND FARMER.

DECS, I84I.

MISCELLANEOUS

THE BACKWOODSMAN.

BY EPHBAIM PEABOOV.

The silent wilderness for me!

Where never sound is heard,
Save llie rustling of the si^uirrel's foot,

And the flitting wing of bird,
Or its low and interrupted note,

Or the deer's quic^, crackling tread,
And the swaying of the forest boughs,

As the wind moves overhead.

Alone, (how glorious to be free I)

Jly Rood do? at my side,
My rille hanging in my arm,

I range the forests wide.
And now the regal Buffalo

Across the plains I chase;
Now track the mountain stream, to find

The licavcr's lurking place.

I stand upon the mountam's top,

And (solitude profound!)
Not even a woodman's smoke curls up

VVilhin the horizon's hound.
Below, as o'er its ocean breadth

The air's light currents run,
The wilderness of moving leaves

Is glancing in the sun.
I look around to where the sky

Meets the far (orest line,
And tills inipt'ria! domain —

This kingdom — ail is mine.
This bending heaven— these floating clouds-
Waters that ever roll —
And wilderness of glory, bring

Their ofierings to my soul.

My palace, built by God's own hand.

The world's fresh prime hath seen;
Wide stretch its living halls away.

Pillared and roofed with green.
Mt music is the wind that now

Pours loud its swelling bars,
Now lulls in dying cadences, —

My festal lamps are stars.

Though when, in this my lonely home.

My star-watched couch I press,
I hear no fond "good night"— think not

1 am companionless.
0 no ! I see my father's house,

'i'he hill, the tree, the stream.
And the looks and voices of my home,

Come gently to my dream.

And in the solitary haunts.

While slumbers every tree
In night and silence, Ciod himself

Seems nearer unto me.
l/cel hi.s presence in these shades

Like the embracing air j
And as my eyelids close in sleep,

My heart is hushed in prayer.

statue, whose immense size struck the spectator
afar off with astonishment ; but when nearly view-
ed, it appears disproportioncd, unshapely, and rudo.

Observations of the same kind may be applied
to all tlie rep'itation derived from civil accomplish-
ments ; from the refined politics of the statesman ;
or the literary efforts of genius and erudition.
These bestow, and within certain bounds, ought to
bestow, eminence and distinction on men. They
discover talents which in themselves are shining ;
and which become liighly valuable, when employ-
ed in advancing the good of mankind. Hence, they
frequently give rise to fame. But a distinction is
to be made between fame and true honor. The
statesman, the orator, or the poet, may be famous ;
while yet the man himself is far from being hon-
ored. We envy his abilities. We wish to rival
them. But we would not wish to be classed with
him who possesses them. Instances of this soft
are too often found in every record of ancient or
modern history.

From ail this it follows, that in order to discern
where man's true honor lies, we must look, not to
any adventitious circumstance of fortune ; not to
any single sparkling quality ; but to the whole of
what forms a man ; what entitles him, as such, to
rank high among that class of beings to which he
belongs ; in a word we must look to the mind and
the soul. A mind superior to fear, to selfish inter-
est and corruption ; a mind governed by the prin-
ciples of unifonr. rectitude and integrity ; the same
in prosperity and adver.sily ; which no bribe can se-
duce, nor terror overawe ; neither by pleasure
melted into effeminacy, nor by distress sunk into
dejection : such is the mind which forms the dis-
tinction and eminence of man. — One, who, in no
situation of life, is either ashamed or afraid of dis-
charging his duty, and acting his proper part with
firmness and constancy ; true to the-God whoin he
worships, and true to the faith in which he profess-
es to believe : full of affection to his brethren of
mankind ; faithful to his friends, generous to his
enemies, warm with compassion to the unfortunate ;
self-denying to little private interests and pleas-
ures, but zealous for public interest and happiness :
magnanimous, without being proud ; humble, with-
out being mean ; just, without being harsh ; sim-
ple in his niiinncrs, but manly in his feelings ; on
whose words wo can entirely rely ; whose counte-
nance never deceives us ; whose professions of
kindness are the effusions of his heart : one, in
fine, whom, independent of any views of advan-
tage, we would choose for a superior, could trust in
as a friend, and could love as a brother — this is the
man, whom in heart, above all others, we do, we
Blair,

GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTER.

THE TRUE HONOR OP MAN.
The proper honor of man arises not from some
of those .•splendid actions and abilities, which ex-
cite high adniiration. Courage and prowess, mili-
tary renown, signal victories and conquests, may
render the name of a man famous, without render-
ing a man truly honorable. To many brave men, < must honor,
to many hemes renowned in story, we look up with
■wonder. Their exploits are recorded. Their
praises are sung. They stand as on an eminence
above the rest of inankind. Their eminence, nev-
ertheless, may not be of that sort, before which we
bow with inward esteem and res[ioct Something
more is wanted for that purpose, than the conquer-
ing arm, and the intrepid mind. The laurels of
the warrior must at all times be dyed in blood, and
bedewed with the tears of the widow and the or-
phan. But if they have been stained by rapine
and inhumanity ; if sordid avarice has marked his
character ; or low and gross sensuality has degra-
ded his life ; the great hero sinks into a little man.
What at a distance, or on a superficial view, we
admired, becomes mean, perhaps odious, when we I Total of all dcmominations,
examine it more closely. It ia like the Colossal I 1 in G of the population.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. al the New England Agric
.tural Warehouse and Seed Store ISos. 51 and 62 North Mi
kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay »
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not bef«4 ^,
applied to asy implement for this purpose. The mcst pro)
inent offects of this application, and some of the consei]al| 11
peculiarities of the machine are:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power reqoil^.

sufficM

t, that the strength of a half grown boy is sul
to work it efficiently

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two biw t
els a minute, which is full twice as fust as has been claim He
by any other machine even when worked by horee or steii
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which thl •
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any ott f
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and|
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable asl
complicated machines in general use to get out of ordeti

APPLfc PAKEKS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural Wai
house, No 31 and 62 North Market Street, a good supply
Stanlry's Superior Apple Parers, a very useful article. Wi
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pared
a very short time in tho best possible manner, and with gra
saving of ihe apple, as the outsides may be taken off'at
rtquirtj thickness. The above is also for sale at N. P.
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SCUDDER, CO]
DIS Jt CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. I 6w JOSEPH BRECK & C'

DENOMINATIOfJS IN BOSTON.
A writer on " City Miisions" in the Boston Re-
corder, gives the following statistics of the mem-
bers of the different churches in the city :

Churches.
Orthodox Congrcgationalists, 13
Baptist, 9

Methodist, 10

Oother Evangelical, (including Episcopal),
All others. Unitarian, Universalists, Cath-
olic, &c..

•Vfrnter.?.
3,750,
3,000,

1,800,
1,000,

4,noo,

14,150, or

Brightob, near Boston,
SUuaicd on Ihe line of Ihe Bnslon and Worcester Ha
Road, — 5 miles from the city.
The Proprietors of this extensive nursery 1
heave to inlurm their friends and the public, t,
^they are ready to furnish orders to any amog
lor Forest Trees, indigenuous and eiotic.
Fruit Trees, including all the varietiec
Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, Uk. &c.
'Seines— Shrubs, Green House Plants, &c.
Catalogues may be obtained by aipplying at the Nan
Trees carefully packed, to ensure safety in long
Orders left at the New England Seed Store of J. Bhi
Co. Nos. 51 and 52, North ftlarket street, will be deli»
the day following.
Letters coRtaining orders, addressed to the subscriber
J. & F. WINSHIP.
Brighton Nurseries, Oct. 27, 1841.

tiltUIDSTUNES, ON FRICTION I:

Grindstones of differenl sizes hung on i:
moved with a foot trcader, is found to be ii ur' mi iiii{
ment on the present mode of hanging grindstones,
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders th
very easy to mm with the (ool, by which the labor of (
man is saved, and the person in the act of grindiqg,
govern the stone more to his mind by having the comp
control of his work. Stones hung in this manner aral
coining daily more in use, and wherever used, give uoil
sal satisfaction. The rollers can be attached to stones hi
in the common wav.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 md
North Market Boston. July 14

NEW ENGLAND PARMKR.

A WEKKLY TAPRR.

The Editorial dcparlinent of this paper having coai^
into tho hands of tho nubscriber, he is now autnorll
by the publishers to inform the public that the prim
iho paper is reduced. In future the terms will ba
per year in adzonce, or ;J2 50 if not paid within
days. ALLEN PUTNAl,

N. B. — Postmasters arc permitted by law to frank ^
•ubscriptions and remittances for newspnpcr.s, witbbtt
ezpenM to tubscriber*.

TUTTLK AWD DEWHETT, PRINTERS.

AND H O H T I C V L T U R A L REGIS T i: R .

PUDLISHKD BV JOSEPH BRECK i CO., NO. 62 NOUTH M.VIIKKT STllKET, (Aobicultuhal Wabeiiohb*.) -Al.r.EN I'UTNAM, HlJlTOll.

OL. XX.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, 1841.

[BO. aft

N. E. FARMER.

SHEEP.

Wc would very gladly favor tlio farmers of the
Icrior with more inronnalion relative to sheep
an we have heretofore given, if our correspon-

nt« would help us. In the immediate vicinity of
oston, sheep are seldom found upon our farms.

may be as well for us to acknowledge frankly
at we know nothing about them, excepting what
ttle we may have derived from books. But while
e are unable to furnish any thing upon this topic
om our own experience or observation, we will
iry cheerfully publish the thoughts and opinions
■ others.

Mention has already been made in our pages of
" Treatise upon Sheep," by Ambrose Blacklock,

I American edition of which can be iiad at the
x>kstores of Boston and Now York. As far as

are competent to judge, it is a work of merit
^e give below an extract from its pages relative

the feeding of sheep upon turnips — for while
le English customs dificr so mucli from ours that
lany of his remarks will be useless here, he throws

many other general remarks which may be use-
il on this side of the Atlantic : —

"The fattening of sheep on turnips is muchpro-
lOted by their having access to a grass field, more
pecially if it happen to contain whins or heatlier.
is from want of attention to this that sheep are
liable to disease when eating turnips, for, apart
am the benefit that accrues to them from a dry
kir, they are enabled to turn their food to bettor
Bcount when consuming bitter herbs. It is no
noaual thing fur turnip-fed sheep and cattle to
soonie quite lean, as the farmers say, 'almost
the lifting,' for no other reason than that they
,»e been confined too strictly to one article of
let They have been denied access to plants
antaining of all things the one most necessary for
le maintenance ot their health — hitter extractive
latter — as it is called by chemists — without a due
niportion of which the most nutritious substances
lonot be turned to account 'As an essential in-
vdient in the provender of herbivorous animals,
may, I think, be admitted as a fact, that its im-
Dltance is tn nn inverse ratio with the nutritive
»wera of the food.' Thus accounting for the
ingth of time that sheep will continue to thrive
a turnips alone.
"With all the advantages, however, which ac-
rue to the sheep when on turnips, from the quan-
ly of nutritive matter which these roots contain,
progress when restricted tn them frequently
ills very far short of the expectations of the own-
;. In the greater number of instances, also, far-
>era are unable to account for their want of suc-
iSB in this department, so that I may be excused

II endeavoring to point out, at some length, the
uaes of their failure. To proceed : —

"The point in sheep management in which our
innera are most deficient, is turnip-feeding; one
ipon which most will pique themselves as being
lerfect, though, speaking guardedly, hardly one

man in twenty understands the rudimentary princi-
ples on which sheep-feeding should bo conducted.
They are unacquainted with the habits of the wild
animal, and, unlike any other class of men, interest
themselves little in the fundainenlnl study of their
calling. There is not a showman, or a bird-fan-
cier but knows to a tittle the peculinritii's of the
creature that ho has in charge, and endeavors, to
the best of his ability, to provide such food as its
instincts crave. Noi so, however, with the Riore-
farmer. He cares not to inquire whetlior the sheep
is naturally calculated to subsist on one kind of
nutriment ; and if so, whether they will, when left
to tlie exercise of instinct, resort to turnips of their
own accord ; whether the sheep is usually restrict-
ed to confined localities, similar to our fields, or is
the unrestrained rover over an extensive pasture.
Yet it is from investigations of this kind that wc
are to derive our mode of treating sheep, and are
to form plans beneficial to ourselves, from their be-
ing, in a manner, improvements upon nature. We
find, from a perusal of the works of travellers, and
from the anatomical peculiarities of the sheep, that
it is fitted for residence in countries precipitous in
surface, and scantily supplied with herbage ; con-
sequently, it must range over a vast extent of
ground for a subsistence, and its food must, owing
to the varied features of the country, consist, not of
one or of a few plants, but of a most extensive
mixture of herbage. Experiment also points out
that the deductions from these observations are
correct. Sheep, in fact, consume a greater number
of plants than any other domestic onimal. liinnip-
us, in examining into this subject, found by offer-
ing fresh plants to such animals, in the ordinary
mode of feeding, that horses ate 262 species, and
refused 212 ; cattle ate 270 species, and refused
218; while sheep took 387 species, and only re-
fused HI. We find, too, great difliculty in pre-
venting sheep from springing over the dykes and
hedges that we place as boundaries to their ram-
bling habits, yet how seldom do we see the true
cause of their determination to sot them at defi-
ance. We may partly account for it by consider-
ing their analogy to the goat, and their propensity
to scale rugged eminences ; but I think these move-
ments rather indicate an anxiety to change a pas-
ture already exhausted of variety, for fresh fields,
and herbage abounding in that miscellaneous pro-
vision which nature apparently reckons essential
for them. Shepherds own as much, and will \g]\
you that frequent change of pasturo is the aoul of
sheep husbandry, though they see no ycason why
sheep should not be kept for many su^essive weeks
on a patch of turnips. They aclmit the necessity
of a frequent shifting in the one case, hut deny it
in the other. Magondie, a celebrated French
physiologist, has shown by experiment, that it is
impossible to keep an animal in a healthy state
longer than six weeks on one article of diet, death
frequently taking place before even the end of that
period : but our sheep farmers, in happy ignorance
of the fact, confine their flocks for months to tur-
nips only. And what, may I ask them, is the con-
sequence of the practice ? Why, that it ia not un-

usual to meet witli «liecp owners who loao ut Irani
one out of every fifteen, and all owing, ns mar easi-
ly be proved, to this mode of maiiugeincnt. In the
first place, the turnip is a kind of food entirvly (or-
eign to.ihe nature of till! shi'op. nnd one to whitli
at first they evince great repu(,Miance. There arc
many varieties of sheep incapable of feeding on
turnips, owin;; to the form of the fnco, the upper
jaw projecting considerably past the lower, hinder-
ing the chisel-shaped teeth from being brought to
bear upon the root. Nono of our British breeds
certainly have this as a regular feature, nevcrthe-
ess they are lialile to it ; and there are few far-
mers that have not, several times in their lives, met
ith grun-mnutUed sheep, as they are called in
Scotlind, from their profile resembling that of the
pig, and suiting them for poking in tho eartli, rath-
er than for rating in the usual way. Again, if the
structure of the sheep's mouth proves that it is not
adapted for eating turnips, the composition of the
turnip no less satisfactorily shows that it is not
calculated as food for the sheep. Bitterness is es-
sentially necessary in the food of all herbivorous
animals; without it, indeed, they sooner or later
fall into ill health. This property i.s shown by
chemists to reside in the extractive matter o'" plants,
which has, therefore, been called hitter titrnclivc.
The quantity is al.xo found to be in the inverse ra-
tio of the nutritive powers of the plant; that is to
say, where the plant abounds in alimentary Miiuler,
the proportion of bitter extractive is small, cornpsr-
ed with what it is where the former is deficient.
Turnips contain a large quantity of matter capable
of affording nourishment to the body, but they
yield little or none of the bitter principle. In rc)n-
sequence of this, sheep acquire fat rapidly for a
time, when placed on turnips; but, experiencing a
want of the medicinal bitter, begin with equal ra-
pidity to lose the advantages they so recently gain-
ed. Their appetite becomes depraved, and, from,
being shutout from access to the stomachic intend-
ed for them by nature, they take to devouring earth
or any substance capable of serving as a substitute
for it 'With regard to the natural use of bitter
extractive, it may be laid down as a truth, that it
stimulates ih.e stomach, corrects putrefying and
unwholesome nutrir;,ent, promotes lardy digestion,
iricreases tl.e nutritive powers of those vegetable^
Bubst-^nces to which it is united, and furnishes a
"natural remedy for the deranged functions of the
stomach in particular, and through the sympathetic-
niedi-im of that organ, for the atony of remote parts
in general.' All, indeed, concur in scttin; a high
value on tWs constituent of plants— all, with the
exception of those whose interests are most deeply
concerned in a knowledge of its importance. Far-
mers, in genei dJ, cannot perceive the utility of at-
tending to concerns apparently so triHing, though
in the n,frht cjndvl't of these they depend material-
ly forsr.cce^s. Say, I have known man argmng..
that i„ sir weeks they have pi^on ordinary sheep
an -excellent coating of fat, by keeping them oa
»"• ni'. ft only ; tlw»g''. °n ^l'**^ '"''"'''[ being made
' nto the nature of the field in which they l^d beeq..

,percpa,i^ h- '''-y^ *"^"^'^°"' '"' ^'' "''

i86

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DFC. 15. t^41

liad access to other things, their owners having
wilfully BJiul their eyes to the true circumsiances
of the case. Depend on it, no sheep will continue
in liealth during six weeks on turnips alone, much
less will it cmitinue throughout that time to take
on fill. Much of the mischief attending a want of
hitter matter, is obviated by the plan of allowing
the sheep corn, salt, oil cake, and hay, which serve,
cppcciilly the last, as tolerable substitutes for it.
Good hay ought always to be plentifully supplied
to shi-ep on turnips, as, from the variety of the
plants composing it, it contains much that is not
to be found in turnips. Besides, one of the most
useful bitters with which we are acquaitited, (the
lioghean — Menyanthes Trifotiata) occurs in mea-
dow hay, and is a plant suflicient of itself to save
the animal from the consequences of neglect.
Whenever you hear of remarkable instances of
sheep becoming quickly fat on turnips, you may
safely believe they have had liberty to nibble some-
lliing in addition to the ordinary provender. They
have, had access to broom or whins, perhaps only
to bushes that are laid as a defence on dykes, or
only to the scanty pickings on the edges of fields ;
still they have by such means in a manner satis-
fied the craving for bitter aliment, and enabled
their stomachs to turn to better account the other-
wise unprofitable turnips. Broom is at all times
an excellent medicine for sheep, and one which
they are partial to, and which ought therefore to
be placed, if possible, within their reach."

For the N. E. Farmer.

STOCKING CORN— CASTING FOAL.
In the Farmer of Nov. 24, we have Mr Durand's
method of stooking corn, from the Albany Cultiva-
tor. With him I entirely agree, that cutting up
corn is the easiest, safest, and best way of manag-
ing, both for grain and fodder; and also that lay.
ing down the corn, or binding it into bundles, is
tedious and unnecessary. I take five rows, select-
ing two good hills on the centre row, and twisting
their tops together for a foundation ; then cut and
jet round these two hills as much as will make a
stook of a suitable size ; put your arms round the
.atook, and take hold of about half a doxen good
stalks, cross them, bring them forward and tie with
a grain knot. Then double down the tassels and
bind with one stalk, or twist them together, and
the stook is done. I think my way rather the best;
for t MO hills stand braJ'ng' ""'' S'^'^ '''° ^'''°'' ^""^''
a support that they cannot bio.''' °^'"'- '^'"' ®P*'='^
in the centre gives the air a chanv.-c to circulate,
and the corn will not damage in any 5>eathe.'; even
If put up green and wet. But I think the jreates:
improvement on Mr Durand's mo-J. ,s in W?
with the stalks: this, though difficult to describ^;-!
s done m an instant, and save, the trouble of mak-
>J bands. Doubling dow„ the tasselH is of no
great co.isequence, but adds to the neatness of the
stook, and a very slight fastening is sufficien t. Corn
put up ,n tliis way. will stand for any lo ngth of
t-me in any kind of weather, and be perfec tly safe
r.u„ every thing but vermin. When you ,v,sh to
or c, ', T "'"''^"'* "^e^the st^k. arid a^oth-
Z.1 "T^""''.'"^ ••'"'• *'th a sioA;; ,.nd both
.together throw It in the cart.

Now my hand is in I wirI. (« «, i

.»Jatate„/„c, hop;n'g:h:?;r^---.r"o;
-^on«of,our readers .i,Jravo/u.Uh ,2 •::;it.-

I have often heard that the sight of fresh beef
would make a mare with foal iniscarrry, but always
considered it as a moon story. Is it true or not.'
Now for the fact. We had a four-year old mare
which had brought a fine colt this spri.ig, and was
again with foal. About three weeks since, some
beef was to be killed on the barn floor near her
stable. A neighbor who was assisting, said she
must be turned out of the barn or she would lose
her colt. As it was cold, and stormy, I would not
consent, but to pacify him, put her in a remote part
of the barn, and mostly out of sight of our opera-
tions, and when the beef was carried in and the
floor cleaned up, she was returned to the stable. In
a few days I perceived that something was the
matter with her; she was dull and sluggish; hair
I looked bad, and something was evidently the mat-
' ter, though I did not suspect the real cause, but
laid it to her lampers and shedding her teeth. In
just fourteen days she miscarried. This one case
establishes nothing, and though every body here is
sure that the same eflect will follow the same cause,
yet no one can give me another instance in their
own knowledt;e. I can easily suppose that beef or
any thing else that would frighten a mare, might
produce this eflTect; but this mare was not fright-
ened, betrayed no uneasiness, and kept eating the
wliolo time. For old traditions unsupported by
evidence, I have but little respect; but as all true
theories are formed by a collection of facts, I sub-
mit this with the hope it may prove in some way
useful. B.

Ktnnebee Co., Mt., Dec. 5th, 1841.

Our correspondent B., in his sensible remarks,
has said al! that seems necessary, unless more
facts can be adduced. We never before heard of
the existence of tho opinion he alludes to, and have
nothing to say either in its support or refutation.
Can any one give us otiier facta .' — Ed.

n

CHOICE OF WHEAT.— SURFACE MANUR-
ING.

Absence from home during the latter part of Oc-
tober, and continued indisposition since, have pre-
vented our paying attention to several of the past
communications at tlie time of their appearance,
when comments would have been better timed, and
perhaps more satisfactory than now. These seve-
ral omissions will now be supplied.

\Vc entirely agree with our valued correspon-
dent, Mr A. Nicol, in considering it an important
desideratum, that some of our most experienced
and successful wheat farmers shall present their
opposite views of preference for each of sundry
different kinds of wheat as the supposed beet crop.
.\nd without designing to exclude, or to slight such
infornr"''"" '"' opinions from any other source, we
oiild espcT'""/ fPquest the opinions of Messr.-f.
nil I'arler of .'^birley, John A. Sidden, of West-
over af.a William B. Harrison, of Brandon, be-
cause unde'Btanding that '^^se gentlemen prefer
difi-erent wheaC.-i. and becau5C t,';e judgment of each
of them deserves hrgh. respect. \'s ^o^'d name
many others from whom opinions on this sulijcct
wouid be no less valued, but of wli -se preference
of kind nothing has been heard.

In our own general practice for more than the
twenty last years, we have adhered to the "moun-
tain purple straw wheat," and, on tho whole, have
preferred it to any other kind. Sundry other kinds
have been tried as part of the crop, because sup-
posed at the time to be preferable ; but each has

been afterwards abandoned, and the mountain pu
pie straw again sown exclusively. Our preferem
was founded on the belief that this kind, on a gen
ral average of years, was at least as productive
any, and that the grain was better able to wit
stand •.vet weather during harvest, than any whi
wheat, and perhaps most of the red wheats. AA;
later wheat would be more liable to be injured I a
rust ; and any bearded wheal is less manageable
safe ill reaping, shocking and thrashing by m
chinos. The grain is supposed by experienct
millers to make the richest and best flour — thoug
of course not so white, and therefore not so higj
priced as the flour of the thin-skinned and mo:i
tender white wheats. These, our grounds of pir
ferencc, are stated to invite correction of our judfc
ment, and opposing views from better sources
information.

If the writer of a recent communication signal
S., at p. 028, had been a reader of the earlier v<x L
umcs of the Fanners' Register, he would haveseM
mniiy confirmations of his opinion, (though a^ •„
dcoiiieJ in his region both novel in practice a|p
heterodox ill theory,) of the propriety of applyio(
putrescent manures to the surface. We have fil
seven or eight years considered the advantage ■
settled by suflicient experience ; and the ralw
or theory as being perfectly satisfactory. And"
it be as improving to soil or crop, or even nearly
to apply manure to the surface as to plow it undfl
it offers a gain of 50 to lUO per cenL in the vain
of the general manuring operations of a farm,
the greatly increased convenience. Under t
formerly supposed necessity for plowing under m» ..
nil res to prevent their waste, they could be applie i
but at certain times, and under certain condition
of nionure, and of crop. But, if it be permitted t
apply to the surface, the application is not only ai
most always more easy and convenient, but th
manure may be laid on when too coarse to be easi
ly plowed under, or when the state of the land c
the crop would not permit plowing. Forcultivate
crops, and short or partially rotted manure, w
should care very little whether it were plowed un
der just before planting, or given as top-drcssinj
very soon after; and considerations of mere con
venience would induce the choice of either mode
lint perhaps the very best application of coarse ma
nuro is on clover, (or other grass) not designed ti
be grazed or mown. Tho manure gives as mucl
and as early benefit to the clover as it could U
any tillage crop ; and the increased growth of tht
clover serves to speedily cover and shade and keef
moist the manure, so as to induce its speedy rot
tinir : and as fast as it rots, its enriching parts are
taken up by the growing crop, and through its in-
crease, the quantity of manure is multiplied for the
use of the next grain crop. If pine leaves are laid
over wheat after tho sowing and harrowing, and
before the plants come up, there is not only a slight
early benefit from tins coarse and poor manure, but
a valuable protection from the winter cold, both to
the wheat and the clover seed sown thereon. So
fur as this can be done, nt so busy a season, it il
the best mode of using the Takings of pine land.
'I'hc trash might be raked up and left in hoapi
during the previous autumn and winter, as it roti
very slowly in heaps.

The greatest economy of applying the manuNiJ
to the surface, furnishes the explanation of all thtfl
i.stiue and beneficial reported in the article at'
page 043, as a new and wonderful discovery made
in France, We liave no question that the factt

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U H A L 11 E G I S T K

1H7

train stsleJ are much exaggerated, ami soino of
am altogether niialaken, or falsely s'aloil. Of
•, arc the statement of the growth of wheat on
pant of ghus, and without the aid of toil, and
It of two inches thickness of wheat straw serv-
■ to prorent the growth of all weeds. But, re-
tinj; such exaggerations and false atatomenls,
ero is no doubt of the established truth of the
moral principle which is there presented as a
w Jiscotery ; thai is, that a covering of vegeta-
5 mailer will serve well as manure, and also (if
ick enough) preserve the moisture and niellow-
M or tilth of the soil, and smother weeds. Two
hes thicknt^ss of straw could not however, effect
J of the latter objects. — Farmtrs' Rtg.

From the Farmer s Cabinet.

HORN-AIL.
Mr Editor — Having persuaded myself that the
ictico of boring the horns and applying spirits of
rpcntine, &c., in the disease called horn-ail,
lich is so very prevalent in America, is entirely
•oni' in principle, and has the most pernicious
Dsequences in practice, I deem it not improper
recommend, by the means of your valuable pe-
dical, a system of cure by which, during a long
terinary practice, both in France and in Philadel-
ia. New York and Harrisburg, I have been suc-
nful in most cases; whil»by the common way
proceeding no animal is sated, some either not
▼ing been attacked by that disease, or getting
led by nature itself.

This disease is also called the " red water," or
sod in the back or loins, and arises principally
im the cattle being at grass during the summer
lots which are very dry and without shade, and
imtheir being exposed to excessive lieat of the
a and to great cold in winter time ; there are va-
lUB other causes, as moory pastures, moist wea-
sr, &.C., to all which cattle in this country are
nerally exposed ; sour and mouldy hay, the ex-
live feeding on corn-stalks, also contribute a
tod deal to this disorder.

Aathis disease is of an inflammatory character,
B application of spirits of turpentine and the
,e, which produce inflammation, is entirely wrong.
iring the horns is at most curing symptoms and
It the disease. I recommend to every owner of
ttle the following mode of cure, tried by me a
•od many times with success :
When an animal is observed to be suSering from
is disorder, one or two quarts of blood, according
the size of the animal, are to be drawn immedi-
ely from a neck vein ; then two table-spoonfuls
tlie following powder are to bo given three times
ery day, the powder being previously dissolved
a pint of lukewarm water; this is to be coatiO'
id until the animal recovers:
Glauber's salts, 6 ounces.

Cream of tartar, 2 "

Purified saltpetre, 2 "

Powdered root of altheae, 1 1-2"

is necessary besides, to rub the animal frequent-
duringthe disease, principally on the back. But
the animal should be costive, either of the fol-
iring clysters is to be given :
Take a handful of camomile flowers, two hand-
ils of flaxseed ; boil them in two quarts of water,
jain them, and add eight ounces of linseed oil
nd three table-spoonfuls of common salt. This
lyster is to be applied by the means of a syringe.

Sluiuld those nrticli'g not bo nt hand, take one
quart of wheat bran, pour two quarts •>( boiling wa-
ter on it, strain, and add eight ounces of flnxscod
oil atwl two ounces of common salt. This clyster
is to bo lukewarm when applied to the rcctiiin or
straight-gut, by the mean.'! of u Byrin(.'r or a litfun-
nel. JOSKPII KIKHKKR,

I'elerinary Surf^eun.

Harrisburir. Oct. f>, 1811.

M'oman and j]griatUure. — Agriculture is un-
doubtedly the first and most important of industri-
ous pursuits. And it is an occupation in which,
from the earliest histories of the human race, wo-
man has delighted to engage, and by her labor,
and more especially by her counsels, ossist in
bringing to a state of perfection. Yes, in this
honorable pursuit, man has been nssistod by that
partner which the Eternal, in his goodness, has
given him to share his toils, alleviate his cares,
and embellish his life. Indeed, by looking over
the past, by reverting to the most distant periods
of time, we shall perceive through the glimmering
light, which succeeds the darkness of unknown
centuries, that woman, so well designated as the
" flower of the human species," has had, in all
ages, a direct share in the progress of Agriculture.
Let us look to Egypt. By raising the veil
which fiction and heathenism have thrown over
truth, we shall find that in remote ages, while
Osiris, the wise king of that country, who was af-
terwards deified, was dictating laws to the Egyp-
tians, Isis, his Queen, was giving them those pre-
cepts in Agriculture, which rendered the Egyptian
dominions the richest in the universe. They thus
became familiar with the mysteries of embank-
ments, irrigations, and drainings, in order to derive
all the benefit which could be afforded by the de-
posit of the benignant Nile. Isis chose the ox as
her type, on account of its great usefulness in Ag-
riculture ; and the Egyptians imagined that the
soul of the celebrated Queen, after her death, ani-
mated the ox ! — Selected.

From the Maine Farmer.

IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENT IN SELECT-
ING SEED WHEAT.

Mr Editor : — Every thing that will advance
the interests of the grain grower ought to he made
known, especially in a country where the importa-
tion of bread stufl" is as common a circumstance as
in the State of Maine. And no farmer who has
actually tried an experiment, and knows by expe-
rience that the process will succeed better than
any former management, whether it be in the se-
lection and preparation of seed, or the manner of
preparing the ground on which it is cultivated,
ought to be backward in communicating the result
of his experience for the benefit of others.

But without further remarks I will proceed to
state what this important discovery is, and leave it
with those who are willing to benefit by the ex-
periments of others to go and do likewise.

In the selection of seed wheat, take at least 6
•bushels of a good quality, then take a sieve or
screen with holes sufficiently large, so that 5 bush-
els of the () will pass through it The one bushel
that remains will be kernels of the largest size,
and this should be used for seed. When this seed
is grown and germinates, it will be found that the
blades which spring from it will be uniform, and

present tho samo healthy nppoaranc, and will
maintain tho same equality until thu timo of har-
vesting. Thus instead of having mi groat a pro-
portion of small wfiikly stocks storl from diseased
or pinched kernels, which con never produce nny
thing bulHinoll straw ami consuquontlywhrat of on
inferior (|ualily, tlio whole will stand a fair chance
to come to maturity, divcslrd of many evils which
attend tho sowing of grain where sifting is nifg-
Iccted.

But says the reader, this important discovery of
which you speak, don't amount to any thing after
all. It has been known fur yeora, that to sift out
the small grains from seed wheat is a good idea,
and is now generally practised ninong our best
tanners. I will rcapcclfiilly ask such, have you
ever known silling carried to the extent I propose?
If you have not, you know but little of the real
benefits that will result from this discovery nnd a
practice in accordance with its reasonable theory.

I am informed that Isaac Bowles, Esq. of this
town, tried tJie experiment the past season, and the
result was what he had good reason to expect.
The most perfect growth of wheat he has ever
raised. All the heads were about the same size,
the straw even, and no part seemed to have the ad-
vantage from the time it was sowed up to the day
of harvest. And here I will express a wish that
Mr. Bowles will make his views and experience
on this subject known to the public, as ho can
speak from his own experiense in this innlter. I
believe if this practice should be adopted general-
ly, by the farmers of this State, the quality and
quantity of ihe wheat crop would in a very few-
years be increased one quarter by the simple pro-
cess of sifting seed in the proportion I have-
named, and no fanner need be afraid of injuring his
seed by carrying the principle to too great an ex-
treme. Any one who candidly reflects on the sub-
ject, must be satisfied I think of the propriety and
reason there is in the suggestions I have made.
The improvement is within the reach of every
farmer, and he can satisfy himself on thiS point.

Jfinthrop, ^rov. \84\. P.

From the same.

BLACK SEA WHEAT,
Mr Holmes : — As it was expected that all
those who had the Black Sea Wheat which was im-
ported last year, would give an account of the
manner of its treatment nnd success, and some are
bound to do it. I now proceed to give an account
of mine. I had two bushels of large good looking
wheat It was sowed on the 26th of last May, on.
land in good order after a crop of corn, the soil
was a clayey loam, a good wheat soil. From some
cause it came op thin, and was evidently loo thin
the whole time of iu growth. It is a larger spe-
cies of grain than the square headed wheat which
was mixed to some extent in the Black Sea Wheat
imported by Payson Williams. Either from the
late sowing or its being too thin, or something
else, the wheat shrunk considerably in the kernel,
but after all we obtained twenty and a half bush-
els. I have not ground any into flour. If sowed
in good season sufficiently thick, I know not why
it may not be a good variety. The Society has
ordered other varieties to be imported which will
be in season for next year, especially the bald.

wheat

ELIJAH WOOD

mnthrop, Me.

188

NEW E N G L A x\ J) FARMER,

DEC. 16, 1841.

Fnr the N. E. Farmor.

I'VE C>.MK TO HELP.— CHOPPING H.\Y.

Mr Editor — I do n't exactly call myself a book
(arincr, althoiinrfi [ luke your paper, which is, when
at ilie end of the year put toorether, something of
the shape of a bnok — in which are to bo found many
pretty thing's and ;roof/ tilings, which my good wife
(and yon never seo'd a better one,) likes to read as
well as myself. Von, Mr Editor, have been call-
ing out for help, and want we fanners who expect
to be qniot this winter, to turn out and lend yon a
hand. Now, the same application which has taken
a leetle of the starch out of Farmer A.'s fingers,
has affected mine ; and wife's head and my fingers
have concluded to go together — (don't think I
mean to»(riAehor! I mean, to mork together;) —
and perhaps with lier head and my fingers, we can
help you. She is a very obsarving woman, and
she says we get along better and the farm looks
slicker than it did before we sold them are turkies
to pay for the N. E. Farmer, and she xcill make me
pay for that paper year after year. And seriously,
the truth must come, it has taken a good deal of
the starch out of my notions of things about the
form. You have talked so much about muck, that
wife says you would make a capital husband, for
sho is satisfied that that is the stuff, when we clean
our boots, after digging, before we go into the
hou3?, and because she and you think alike about
the conversation you had, just before you talked
with Farmer A., when you told about a man's get-
ting a woman to lend him a hand and give him a
heart.

I 'vc been wanting to tell you how much it saved
me in feeding my cattle, and iiow much more milk
the cows give, and this wife sees clearly, cause
now they eal nothing but mince meat, as thoy liave
alt their fodder cut for them, which saves me one
fAirJ of the hay and adds to the amount of milk,
and could you see them are cows and oxen in the
spring, you would think that they had Thanksgiv-
ing all the time ; and with a few roots, the cxpenue
is not near so much as when I fed them without
cutting and without roots. As one of the IMe in-

(lispensablts begins to cry, wife says stop bo you

will hear no more from farmer Z.

ECONOMY OF PASTURES.
The question has often been mooted and dis-
cussed, whether it be better to depasture stock, or
noil them-' that is, wliethcr it be more economical
to let them run on the meadows and gather their
own food, or keep them up through the grass sea-
son, and cut and carry the grass to them; but as
yet tho old custom of depasturing prevails, thougli
every one who has made the experiment of soiling,
boars testimony to its superiority on the score of
the economy of provender, as well as manure. In
England, where there has been much experience,
the difference in favor of the lastsystem of feeding,
IS so apparent, that but very few attempt to contro-
vert the claims which are there put forth in behalf
of Its advantages. To be sure, labor, a great essen-
tial, is in that country much cheaper than here,
but as half the labor of a hand would bo compe-
tent to cut a sufficient quantity of clover for, and
to foddrr 20 head of cattle, that should not be por-
miticd to operate to the non-adoption of the plan,
as tho cost would not be any thing in comparison
with tho value of the extra quantity of manuru

which would be made under a well devised and
properly executed system of soiling, over and above
that which enures from depasturing. Even if it
took the same quantity of land to support cattle un-
der the former system, which it does not, as we
will presently show, still the great saving in ma-
nure alone should be of sufiicicnt moment to influ-
ence the judgment in behalf of the latter.
Let us see how the two systems compare :
In grazing, an acre of^ooJ grass is considered
necessary to the support of each head of stock;
of ordinary grass one and a half, or two acres are
not more than enough.

In England, where the soiling system has been
very generally adopted, and carried on with care,
according to Mr Curwen's experience, some years
since, three acres of grass cut and carried, sup-
plied thirty milch cows with 28 lbs. each, daily,
during a period of 200 days. And this gentleman
observes, that to have supplied a similar number of
cows with a like quantity for the same period,
would in the usual way of management, have re-
quired 75 acres of land for its production. And to
have grazed such a number of cows at liberty that
length of time, must, it is obvious, have taken a
very considerable number of acres. Again ho
says :

"This vast produce from so small a piece of
land, may at first appear very problematical ; but
experience and good management will soon con-
vince the ('airyman that he may realize the advan-
tage, great as it may appear. To enable the mea-
dow to support this exhaustion from tho scythe, it
should be cleared at the end of every autumn, from
all kinds of weeds and rubbish, and fresh grass
seeds of the best kinds, cast upon the bare places.
A coat of good rotten manure, or ashos, should thon
bo allowed, consisting of all that can be collected
from tho household, or procured elsewhere, mixed
up and augmented with virgin earth."

If we admit that the number of acres assumed
by Mr Curwen, three and a half to each cow, be
too great, and take one, tho minimum quantity
named hy us, as the proper one, thon there will
still be a saving of 27 acres of grass by the soil-
ing over the depasturing system. And if we re-
serve this grass to be cut for hay, it will give a
sutBcient quantity to carry thecows through the
winter, or foddering season ; so tliat, to this amount
there will be a. clear gain. Then let us add the
immense quantity of manure, which will be accu-
mulated in the soiling yard, and we cannot hesi-
tate a moment in coming to an opinion as to tho
relative merits of the two plans of feeding stock ;
for all will admit, that summer made manure is
very far bettor than that made in winter, as also
that the most of the droppings in pastures is lost,
by nieans of evaporation and rains, In all the availa-
ble purposes of the farm, and no one will contend
that the cost of the price of half tli.j labor of one
hand, and that of a horse and cart iliiring the time,
should be considered to be of more value than the
savings wo have pointed out. Suppose that, in ad-
dition to the accumulation of manure from the
droppings of tho cattle, tho yard ho covered some
!) or 12 inches dorp with mould or uLher earth from
tho woods or headlands, to act as absorbents of tho
cattle's stale — wo say, suppose this bo done, and
wo will venture the assertion that every square
foot of such mould or earth would bo so saturated
with the urine of the cows as to bo equally as valu-
able as thoir droppings. Thus then, in whatever

light we may consider the subject, the advaotagei/
in favor of soiling are apparent to the judgment.

It may be urged against the soiling system that
it would not afford the requisite exercise to the
stock. W'e are free to admit that exercise, to t
certain extent, is necessary to the health of the
brute creature, but at the same time we are free to
maintain, that all that is indispensably .necessary
to ensure health and comfort, may bo obtained in
a yard of a fourth of an acre in extent, and wo
doubt much if regularly fed and watered therein at
stated hours through the day, and salted semi,
weekly, whether they would not maintain as mm
physical vigor thus confined, as they would roami
at large in a pasture of many acres. It is qu
tionablo with us also, whether they would notyieli
fully as much, if not more, milk and butter. At
all events, the experiment is worthy of a trial, and
we therefore commend it to our readers' attention.
— American Farmer.

([J='\Ve agree fully with the editor of the Ame.
rican Farmer that "the advantages in favor of soil.l,
ing are apparent to the judgment." But many eal
periments are needed before the question can
satisfactorily settled. The opinion that cows coi
fined to a yard embracing only one fourth of
acre would have sufficient exercise, we are fi
from being ready to adopt. Could it be convi
niently done, we should require cows to take moi
exercise than they now generally get; especial
such as find luxuriant pasturage in summer. A:
may not the evil — if evil it be — find a remedy,
our heifers arc trained to the yoke, and the co
made to work — to work not as constantly as cot
oxen do, but with sufficient frequency to strengthea
the system and give firmness to the health .' Look
at the human animal, and judge from your obser-
vations whether labor or indolence is most condu-
cive to health and to the furnishing of nourisluiieDt
for the young.— Ed. N. E. F.

ASSISTA.MCE TO EDITORS.

We gave a call for help: the judicious and ex-
cellent editor of the Cojineclicut Farmer's Gazette
has done the same, and has appended our call to
his own. His appeal suits our views and wants M
well, that we must repeat it in part :

" It is true we have been more industrious wil
our own pen, and the amount of editorial matti
has been much greater than heretofore ; but surel
the farmers will not rest satisfied with our uttei
to enlighten them from the meagre sturehousi
our own knowledge. We have not cultivated
the farms in the State ; tee have not raised the bi
crop of corn and potatoes ; tee have not made thtfl
greatest improvement in the manufacture or applet
cation of manures ; we have not tested the differ
breeds of cattle, or sheep, or swine, and determini
which are tho most profitable stock for the fa
tcf cannot fill the columns of the paper with
results of our own practical experience and obi
vation. This duty devolves on others, and all
we can do is to offer our columns as a medium
communicaliim between one farmer and anothi
and urge thorn to use the privilege ws tender Iheq

"Our paper is intended to be a farmer's papt j
and the farmers of Connecticut have it in their po^
or to make it of inestimable value to Odcli olher.-
Only come forward, brother farmers, and do yoil
duly to yourselves and to each other, and it woui
be impossible to estimate the value of the paper.Ti
If any of you have succeeded in managing jofl

I

vol.. XX. !«<>.■»« •

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

189

vour »lock with le»y trouble or grcator ty required from nbroml to mnke U|> the falling oil'

fil lliaii horotofore, lot us know how you have
la It, and we will tell others; and then they
1 give us an account o{ their doings and wo will

you. In this manner you will bo benelUing
irselves and each other ; your children will be
ing u|) stores of useful knowledge ; you will be
iWUig richer and wisw; your consciences will

lighter; your slumbers will lie quiet; your
ams will be pleasant, and you will be tar mure
pectabic and happy. For your own sakes, then,
■ay como forward at once and discharge your

[RICULTUR-'VL statistics of MASSA-
CHUSETTS,
ts rtparltd to the I'alualion CoinmiUte, 1640.
res of tillage land, including orchards
lied,

bels of wheat,
rye,
oats,

Indian corn,
barley,
inda of hops,
la of hemp,
flax,

broom corn,
es of English and upland mowing,

18 of liay, yearly produce of the same,
es of fresh meadow,

19 of hay, yearly produce of the same,
es of salt marsh,

18 of hay, yearly produce of the same,
es of pasturage including orchards

latured, 1,210,154

8, the same will keep with the after
>ed of the farm,

98 of woodland exclusive of pasture
>nd enclosed,
res of unimproved land,
land unimprovable,
land used for roads,
land covered with water,
ole quantity of land returned, acres,
ises one year old and upward,
es and asses one year old and upward,
:n four year old and upward, 4

259,038

101,178

453,705

1,22(),300

1,775,703

149,004

237,941

7

2

580

440,930

467,.537

184,832

135,930

39,305

26,202

111 our own growth, may easily bo obtained, if
own inorchaiits do not rush into rn?h spfciilations,
without paying such exorbitant pricOH as have re-
contly been given. America has a surplus of
wheat, which will, in the shape of Hour, find Its
way to this country. In the Mediterranran, largo
purchases liavo already been made, which muHt bo
sent hero, and it is highly probable that many of
the large holders in the Baltic will, (when they as-
certain that the Uritish merchants refuse to pny the
high prices to which they have lately become ac-
ciisloineil,) consign to us on their own account. We
have, on several former occasions, endeavored to
put this matter clearly before our readers, lor the
sole purpose of warning them against entering too
eagerly into extensive investments in foreign wheat,
and thus keeping up the value of the article, at the
principal continental ports, higher than seems war-
ranted by circumstances."

203,560

729.792
955,28:3
360,278
90,074
1.57,524
4,491,812
60,030
117
584
"8 three year old and upward, 143,.">!)1

era and heifers one year old and upward, 88..562
■ep six months old and upward, 34.3,390

ne six months old and upwards, 90,335

ount of real estate doomed, 73,37f',837

ount of personal estate doomed, 43,661,305

THE WHEAT CROP OF ENGLAND.
he following is from the Mark-Lane Express,
Tov. 15th:

Some of the reports received during the last
night, do not speak quite so despondingly of
yield of wheat, now that it has been pretty ex-
lively put to the Ust of thrashing, as the ac-
nts circulated immediately after the harvest ;

it is evident that the produce is decidedly de-
;nt both in quality and quantity ; so various,
ever, are the estimates of the deficiency, that,
vitlistanding the advanced stale of the season,

hazardous to venture on a positive opinion.
' impression at present is, that the total yield of
lat of the United Kingdom will prove about one
h below an ususal average, but that the quanti

For the N. E. Farmer.

BONE MANURE.
Ali.en Put.'^am, Esq. — Dear Sir — Having com-
pleted my experiments for this season, in the use
of crushed bone as a manure for potatoes, agreea-
ble to your request, I will now give you some ac-
count of my use of that article.

The field, an old pasture, plowed the September
previous, a part of which was well stocked with
whortleberry bushes; the other part had never been
plowed within twentyfive years. The soil, stony
loam. On the 15lh of May, thirty six bushels of
crushed bone was mixed with two cords of goo
horse stable manure, about the same quantity of
loam, and three bushels of plaster of Paris, by aU
ternalc layers of each. In two weeks the heap
ivas in a fine state of fermentation ; it was then
well worked over, and left ten days, to decompose
the bone. The tenth of .Tune we commenced put-
ting the compost into the hills, and planting on
three acres, and finished on the fifteenth. Another
part of the field was manured from the same stable
at the rate of five cords to the acre, and planted
within the same time. Three fourths of an acre,
another part of the field, was limed when planted,
and before hoeing, three gills of ashes and plaster
was put to each hill. The cultivation on the whole
field the same.

Results. The crop good for the season. The
part manured with the bone compost, and that with
the stable dung, produced about equal quantities
per acre ; that with lime and ashes, about two
thirds.

Tho bone has n.ore than answered my expecta-
tions ; every bushel of it has proved equal to a
common cartload of static dung for one crop of po-
tatoes: what its effect will be on next year's crop,
remains to be proved.

I intend next season to continue experiments
with the bone on other crops.
Yours, respectfully,

A. TUFTS.
Dudley, yov. 15, 1841.

Men are born with two eyes, but with one tongue,
in order that they should see twice as much as
they say ; but from their conduct one would sup-
pose they were born with twotonfjucs and one eye ;
for those talk the most who have observed the least,
and obtrude their remarks upon every thing, who
I have seen into nothing. — Lacon.

OlITAlMNti CIU'.AM FRnM MILK.
A process of divt sting milk of itn component
portion ofcreain, in an extent hitherto unattainable,
has been efl"ccted by Mr Ccorg'- Cart-T, of Not-
tingham Lodge, and is thus detailed by that gen-
tleman, in a paper presented to iho Society of Art« :
" A peculiar process of extracting trcam from
milk, by which a peculiar richness is produced in
tho cream, has long been known and practiced in
Devonshire ; this produce of tho dairies of that
country being well known to every one by the name
of dotted or clouted cream. As there is no pecu-
liarity in the milk from which tins fluid is extract-
ed, it has been frequently a matter of surprise that
the process has not been adopted in other parts of
the country. A four-sided vessel is formed of zinc
plates, twelve inches long, eight inches wide, and
six inches deep, with a false bottom at one half
tho depth. The only communication with tho low-
cr compartment is by the lip, through which it may
be filled or emptied. Having first placed at tho
bottom of the upper compartment a plate of perfo-
rated zinc, the area of which is equal to that of
the false bottom, a gallon (or any given quantity)
of milk is poured immediately when drawn from
the cow, into it, and must remain there, at rest, for
twelve hours ; an equal quantity of boiling water
must then be poured into the lower compartment
through the lip ; it is then permitted to stand 12
hours°more, (i. e. 24 hours altogether,) when the
cream will be found perfect, and of such consis-
tence that the whole may be lifted off by the finger
and thumb. It is, however, more effectually re-
j moved by gently raising the plate of perforated
zinc from the bottom, by the ringed handles, by
which means the whole of the cream is lifted off
in a. sheet, without remixing any of it with the
milk below. With this apparatus I have instituted
a series of experiments ; and as a mean of twelve
successive ones, I obtained the following results:
Four gallons of milk treated as above, produced in
twentyfour hours, four and a^ half pints of clotted
cream, which, after chnrniu* only filtcen minutes,
gave forty ounces of butter; four gallons of milk
treated in the common mode, in earthenware pans,
and standing fortyeight hours,- produced four pints
of cream, which after churningninety minutes, gave
thirtysix ounces of butter. 'ITie increase in the
quantity of cream, therefore, is twelve and a half
per cent. The experimental farmer will instantly
perceive the advantages accruing from its adoption,
and probably his attention to the subject may pro-
ducc greater results. I shall feel richly rewarded
if, by exciting an interest on the subject, I can pro-
duce any, the slightest improvement in ihe quanti-
ty or mode of producing an article, which may
properly be deemed one of the necessarira of life."
— Fam. Gaz.

On the subject of cream, the experiment which
I send you above may be tried with two tin milk
pans, by putting an old horseshoe, .r any other
convenient thing, into one for the other to set on,
then pour in boiling water; next put in the pan
that contains the milk— let it stand in cold weather
\i hours— the plan is good for making winter but-
ter, making more and better.

A. CHURCHILL.

It is with diseases of the mind, as with those of
the body ; we are half dead before we understand
our disorder, and half cured when we do.-

-Lacon,

190

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DKO. 15, i$«r.

ANP HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOK, Wedhesuat, December 15, 1841.

1 beneficial with us upon the greater portion of the land
I that we cultivate. Experiment alone can determine.

Those who h.ive noticed our ccurae during the pas< ^
I year, have learned, we hope, to t.ike such (talementj u

BONES— BONE DUST— CRUSHED BONES
Out pages have contained for the last fevj weeks, more
articles upon bono manurd than any other lop;

How can farmers turn unbroken bones to good ac- the foregoing, as nolhing more ibaii our opinioiu. Wt
1 count. In one the back numbers of our pnper is an ar- cannot be responaible for their soundness. Every far'
licle from one who subscribes himnelf " A Mechanic," mcr should lake what he has seen and experienced, it ^
which gave lis a valuable suggestion, and which may be connection with what he reads, when deciding upoi «t
[ acted upon by every family. According to our recol- ! questions like those we hare been noticing. The sub
lection this mechanic remembered that hia mother when ject here brought up is one of great importance, and w.

The

she made soaii. put bones in the leanh— and that the ac- shall bo very glad to receive light upon it from any on> £
reason ofthis is simply a conviction that this means of J tiori of the ashes softened and almost consumed the who can aid its elucidation.

bones. Might not a tight box or tub be procured which

enriching the soil is not sufficiently regarded. Having
made use of crushed bones for various crops, and ap-
plied Ihein under various circumstances, and this not in
one year only, but in 1838, ';i9and'41; and having
seen their eflVcta not upon the first crop merely, but up-
on two and tliree subsequent ones, we set a high value
upon them. It is our intention to use them more ex-
•ensively the next season than wo have done before,
and for the single reason, that when we sit down and
with pencil and paper figure up cost and efficary, we
find this a cheaper manure than any other that we can

luy.

The results of our experiments have in part been
made public in the Transactions of the Essex Agricultu-
r»l Society for 1536, and in the back numbers of the N
E. Farmer. There is no occasion to repeat tbein here.
Our purpose in this article is not so much to prove their
worth, as to give some cautions and directions in regard
to the tise of them, ano suggest a mode by which the
farmer may turn to good account those which he is daily
removing from his table, or which be obtains from the
heads and legs of the animals which he slaughters, or
may get from such animals as he loses by death.

In England, 40 and 60 bushels of crushed bone are
applied to an acre. But it ia unsafe for us to follow
their example. Their climate is vastly more moist than
ours, and their cultivated soil is generally much heavier.
Healing manures may profitably be applied by them in
quanlitii-8 which wodld burn up the crop in our sum-
mers. Bones aie obviously very healing; and *o are
satisfied that where they have been used in this vicinity,
the quantity applied has bceW tec great. We shall not
in futare use more than twenty bu.sheU upon an acre,
and generally shall use much less than that. They
must be used as aids ic common manures, and to mark
and sand. And thst their influences upon the muck
and upon the silex in the sand, may bo fairly brought
out, ashes or the ley of ashes should be one of the ingre-
dients in the compost heap. Let them be well fermen-
ted and then apply them sparihgly. The fermentation,
however, is not designed to make the bones themselves
directly act with more power upon the soil — but it is to
weaken them by making them give out t portion of
their fertilizing properties to the muck, or soil, or sand
with which they arc mixed, and thus enable you to
spread the bane in a diluted state.

Such bones as are usually ground, have previously
been boiled, and as much of the oily and gelatinous
matter has been taken from them as boiling can remove.
One might at first imagine that bonca thus treated would
be found of but little -value. The matters extracted by
the soapboiler are unquestionably good fertilizers, but
the phosphate of lime is the property in the bone that
constitutes its greatest value as a manure — and this, the
boiling does nut remove. Experiments in Europe have
shown that the difference in effect upon the soil be-
tween those that have been boiled and those that have
not, is very small.

In England they are found useful, particularly on
light soils. Some friends whose eyes have gnzed upon
fields of Old England, tell ua that light aoils ihoro might
b* called heavy here. Cooiequenlly bones may be found

might be sot in the ground, into which bones and ashes
and water could be put from time to time, and thus the
bones bo eaten up. If so, and we believe they might,
then the two or three bushels nf matter that could bo
taken from this tub once or twice a year, would be found
an exceedingly valuable addition to a compost heap of
20 or 30 loads. Two bushels of bones thus digested,
would probably furnish as much phosphate of lime as
the ruta bagas on an acre of land would require; and
this crop requires more than any other.

SAND IN COMPOST.

Through the post office a letter has come to us from
Mr J. West, containing some important inquiries and
stating some practices prevailing in the neighborhood of
the writer, that seem to us pnculisr and worthy of alten-
tioii. As Air West omitted to mention his place of resi-
dence, and as we are unable to read the post mark, we
must asK him to favor us with the name of the place
where sand is as highly valued for compost as loam or
muck. Is it sea sand, or the sand of inland hills and
plains.' The writer says; "Some farmers here use
sand alone, contending that it is the best thing for mix-
ing with manure; some use loam, others muck and
sand." He then asks : " Does sand retain the salts and
gases ol tlie manure, 08 well as loam or muck?" We
say, no. But if the compost is to be applied to soils
that are composed mostly of loam or muck, it ia not im-
probable that sand will be the better article in the com-
post. For by its mechanical action it will increase the
friability of such soil, and the silex, or flinty particles in
the sand, may furnish to these soils alkali, in which
they are often deficient. But if the soil is sandy on
which the manure is to be applied, we should prefer
first muck and next loam in the compost. In other
wonls, the principal ingredient in the compost should
be different from that of the soil on which it is used. —
These remarks embrace our answer to the following
questions :

" Is sand when mixed with hog manure for the pur-
pose of manuring in the hill for corn, as valuable as loam
or muck .'

■■ What ia the value of sand for carting into cattle or
hog yards, compared with loam or muck ?"

The character of the soil on which it is to be used
must determine.

" Where muck cannot be had, will rand pay the far-
mer for the trouble of mixing it with manure ?"

Yos — if his soil be not very sandy. 'And oven in ca«e
it be sandy, the manure would lie rendered more ser-
viceable by the separation of its particles by sand, and

MR SLEEPER'S ADDRESS.

A.'< Address delivered bcfoie the Agricultural Societ;
of Wcstburo' and vicinity, by John S. Sleeper, Eiq jii

This address by the editor of the Mercantile Journal
maintains that that curse — labor — is a blessing, Tbi
position is sound. And his further position that agricui
tural labor is among the most useful and honorable o
industrial employments, is equally correct. Theaddri
throughout abounds in appropriate and useful genera ■
reflections and advice. Near the close we find this leo k
tenco : " If there is any class of persons who are dia il
posed to undervalue the labors, or bring discredit on thi
occupation of the farmer, il is the farmers themselves.'
Here we sgreu with the author fully. The same sentit
ment we have often uttered, and it should be repeateo
until farmers are willing to have their sons be farmei
and until farmers' wives shall be willing to have theU
daughters become farmers' wives.

The address is published by Gould, Kendall <& LiH
coin. We shall give extracts from it in future numbeiM

[HT'Mr Colhak, the late Agricultural Comipiuiom
has given notice that he is about to lake charge of tin
editorial department of the New Genesee Farmer, paM
lished at Rochester, N. Y.

THE BEST SEED TO SOW.
There is one kind of seed which many farmers woul"^
find it much to their interest to sow more plenlifull
than they do. Its peculiar advantages are that it ma;
be sown at all seasons of the year, on every variety o
soil, and with every crop. Wherever planted, it alway
springs up immediately and gives a profitable crop. Tli
name of this article is every where known, and th
iM'nf should be everjr where found: we mean disert
lion. Sow this in the garden and the field — aow it wit
corn — with potatoes — with grass — with every thing. 1
leesene the cost of all crops — it saves in the consumptioi
of all crop*. Sow it — it is the best seed.

CANKER WORMS.

The warm weather of the last week has caused tbi

Cenker-worm grui to run rather freely in this vicinity

THOSE CHIPS.

John, get a basket and go and pick up all the chipt

about the yard, before the snow comes and covers theE

"P-

THE CARDS.

Boys, have those cows been well carded every morn
probably these particles of sand which have never been '. j„g ,;„„ Thanksgiving f Remember that we luld yoi

subjected to the action of the fibrous roots of plants, may
yield their silux more readily to the growing crop than
those particles which have long been subjected to the
action of living fibres.

" If a aand hill is near at hand, and muck a mile dis-
tant, will it be for the farmer's interest to use sand with
his manure i*"

Y
muck also

they ought to be.

MEMORANDUM.

That compost heap ought to grow rapidly in open
winter weather.

0*We have seen it announced that Hon. F. O. J.
but he must not fail to send the team fur the Smith, of Portland, Me., is about to establish in that city

a new agricultural paper.

n.. ix. so. -it.

AND II 0 R T I C U L T U R A I. RE G I S T K R

1f)l

TlltK.MO.METRirAI,.

R«I>orI>d lor Ihr New Kli|land Knrmn.
R«i<"'^'''« I'lierinoinctcrnl the (iarrfrunf llie |iro|iriclon
iIm New Englanil Farmer, llrighliin. Mam. in » •Iwdml
oilli"'' l> i-jixMure, for Ike week ending Rec. 13.

Dec. 1S41.

1 6,A.U. 1 13, M.

1 6,I>.M.

1 Wind.

on.(«v,

6

ar

37

30

N.

lendjv,

T

34

S2

31

N.

edn,;..lir,

S

17

37

34

W.

iurM,ay,

«

40

it

44

N. E.

r..l.iv.

10

3S

U

43

E.

II

SI 66

44

E.

irnlj) ,

12

36

37

40

N. W.

RllillTO.N MARKET.— McKUAt, Dec. 13, IWI.
arponril fur (lie New Eu(Und Farniar.

Al .M.irket '.)75 B.>cl Cattle, 200 Stores, 4200 Sheep

il ISt) Swine.

I'mcis.— B«/ Cattle. Last weeks prices were hanl-

sustiincd. Wo quote first quality, $5 50 a G 00.

coiij quality, fl 50 a 5 25. Tliitd quality $3 25 a

50

llarrelli

Starts. — Two Toar oJd $7 a 15. Three year old, $14

•ii.

Sheep.— DM. Lois were sold a 67cts., d2cU., $1 12,

4 J, $1 T5, $2 00 and $2 25.
Sieim. —No lots were sold to peddle. At retail, 4
" and 5 1-2.

in^ Cd^s.— We quote Mesa $4 12 a 4 25.
I 12. No. 2, $2,50.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrtded vith great care, xteekly.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, 03 00 to 3 50 per bushel. Red. Top'
55 ceuls. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Southern, 12 to 13 c.
Seed, St 83 to 1 55 hu. Lucerne, 25 c. per lb. Ca-

CSeed, not a bushel in the inarkeL
LOUR. The usual transactions of the week have been
lerially inlcrrupteJ by the unfavorable'state of the weath-
and bad cxndiiion oi' ihe roads in the country for iravel-
. i the tighlnc-iS in the money market has also operated
nrauce prices, and several parcels have been forced otT
iog the week at extremely low rates ; sales good com-
I brands Genesee were made at t6 12 t-2 a 6 2S, from ves-
, and Ohio the sume. The regular transaetions from
cs have been at the following prices: Michigan, flat
ps, 86 3 3 i Ohio, via New Vork, 86 1-4; Genesee, 86 1-2;
imon and fancy, »6 56 a 6 62 1-2 : Howard street, 16 37
. sixty days, and S6 SO, 4 mos. Richmond country,
8S, cash, 86 37, 60 days, and 86 60, 4 mos. The market

s extremely languid and prices quite unsettled.

illunore Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. *6 62— do. wharf,
SO — do. free of garlic, SO C2 — Philadelphia do. 4 mos.
60 — Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 mos. 86 50 — Alexandria,
Iff nHMintain, 86 SO —Georgetown, 86 62 a 6 75— Rich-
d Canal, 86 62— do. City, 87 00 a 7 25— Petersburgh,

side, £7 00 a 7 25 — Genesee, comaiOB, cash, 86 5U —

faocr brands 86 75.
IROV ISID.SS. No change exists in the market, and
idy sales at quotations. For I.ard there is a fair di-

d, and sales 1200 kegs at C 5 8 a 6 3-4c. per lb. -1 mos.

•ome common parcels 5 3-4 a 6c per lb.
leel— .Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 50 a 10 00— Navy— 38 50 a
•- No. 1 87 25 a « 00— do Prime 83-50 a 6 50— Pork—
ra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 813— do Clear *ll — do Mess 83 50

60— do Prime 87 CD a r 60 — do Mess from other Stales
5 a 9 5U— do Prime 37 00 a 7 50— Clear 811 00 a Si 2 00

RAIN. A great dullness has prevailed in the market,
■oghout the week, aod dealers having large stocks are
inclined to continue their operations ; prices in conse-
nce have further declined. About 40,000 bushels Cnrn^
ained atloui unsold at the close of our report, aod present
tations are rendered entirely nominal. Sales have been
hiie Corn, G4 a 63c ; yellow flat, 6G a e;c per bush ; 63
1 1-2 and 09 for new and old northern round. Oats, Del-
re. 30c ; northern, no prime in market ; sales good, 49 a
Bran scarce, a cargo was taken at 47c per bushel, for
ory use. Nothing doing iu Rye of any great importance.

niirket closes without buyers for Corn, and prices un-
aiii.
orn— Northern, bushel 68 to 69— Round Yellow 67 —

Ihcru Flat Yellow 60 a 67 White do 64— Barley, 63

Rye Northern 70 to 73— Oats — Southern 43 to 60—
tbem do. 49 to 50 — Beans, per bushel 75 a 1 50.

AY, per ton, 8l3 to 20— Eastern Screwed 817 to 18.
IHEESE— Old 4 to 6 c — New s to 7.
IQGS, I6a26.

COL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex'

ition shall not exceed 8 cts. per pound, free. All where'
he Talue exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
per pound.

The demand I,. r nil doM'tiiMMMin Im'i boi-n luniK-.l duiint
■be week, and rnntequcnily but few sales liavo been made
A public aaln ol rurriKii lonrse wnn made on Wi-diirnday la«t
at« l-Sa.s 1 .2c. for Ruenaii Ayres unwnsheil ; do. dn. w:nb
e<l and picked, 13 a 18c : uawashed Mestiin, coanr, S I 8 a
3 I 4c; Ccirduvn. >n colled, 8 1-4 a lie. per I'l. 6 moi.

Prime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. IS n r.o e.--Amer
■can full bloud.do 43 a 43--Da 3.4dn4n g 42 — Du. l-2do
86 a 3^-1.4 and common do 30 a 33 -Smyrna Sheep,
washed, 20 a 27— Do. unwashed, lu a II— UengTim do
8 a 10 — Saxony, clean, — Buenos Ayres iinpirked, 7 a 10 —
Sii|ierfine Noiuiern pulled lamb 42 a 45— No. I do. do. do.
33 u 10— No. 2 do do do 23 a 30- No. 3 do do do 18 a 20.

YOl'NG MAN WANTED.

The advertiser wants n smart nnd intelligent young man
upon a Farm, he will have opportunity to be inslrncled in
the iVursery aiiii O'ari/cninjr businas in all its varieties ;
bis opportunities for valuable information, will be of great
service to him if he is disposed to learn. The age not to ex-
ceed 1 6 years ; he must bring undoubted recommendations for
integrity and good inornls ; he will be wanted for several
years. Inquire at the office of the N. E. Farmer.

Dec. 8.

TRANSPI.A NTING.

The nulumn is prefcred to the spring by
any nursery men and orchnrdists, for traiis-
ilonling hardy trees, as Apples, Pears and
■■lums. Tlio present is a less busy season thaa
the Spring, and those who intend to purchase
trees can probably get a better article nnd obtain it with
more ilispaioh now »ban next April. The frosts have
already been sufficient to destroy the folinge, and the opera-
tion of transplanting m.iy be done with safety.

We can supply extra fine Apple, Penr, Plum, and other
sort of fruit, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs at Nursery
prices, and pack to send with safety to any part of the Coun-
trv. All orders faithfully atlendi'd to.
Oct. 27. JOSEPH BRECK &.C'»

'WILiLiIS'8 IiATEST IMPROVED VEGETABLE
CUTTER.

This machine surpasses all others for the purpose of ent
ting Ruta Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots. The
great objection toother machines, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes it almost impossible fbr the cattle
to get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, ofsuch shape as is most
convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut witn ease from
one to two bu^hcN of root?* per minute.

Forsale hv JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agriculturar Warehouse, No 51 and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

DUTCH BVLSS.

The subscribers n-nnld inform their friends and cuslom^re
that they have jus: received a splenilid assortment of.Dutch
Bulbs, consisting of double and single Hyacinths of all colors.
Polyanthus, Narcissus, filaiiiolus. Crocus, Crown Imperials.
Tulips, double and single. Iris, &c. tac , warranted to l>e of
fine quality. For sale by JOSEPH BRECK &. CO.

No». 10.

BUCKTHORKS WASTED.

The subscribers would like to puri'hase 10,000 Buckthorn
plant.'', 3 years old. Apply at the New England Farmer
Office, Nos. 61 and 62 North Market street. JflSEPH
BRECK & CO. Nov. 9.

GRINDSTONES.

An rilensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindstores
constantly on band and for salebyAMMIC. LOMBAKP
«!, CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. 17.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinprovenirnis bare been mode the nasi year in the
form nnd workinnnsbip of these Ploughs j the mould b< ani
hns been so formed as to lay thf furrmc mmp/rtrlif oror,
luniinfr in every particle of grant oniulMe, awiiearing Ihe
ground in the brtt potrible manner. The length of ih«
mould board hns bi n very much increase:!, so ibnt Ihe
Plough works with the greatest ea«e, both with respect t*
the holding and ihe team. The Committee al the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs
we should prefer for use on a farm, we might perhaps tay to
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to work,
try Prouty & Monrs, but if your laruiit heavy, hard orrocky,
BEGIN WITH Mb. Howard's. ""

At Ihe above mcr.tioned trial the Howard Plough dii
more work, with the same pmecr of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlysr.cD
anil one half inches, to the 112 lis. draught, while ihe
Howard Plough turned twcntynine and one half inAet . ia
the same poieer of team I AU acknowledge that Howanl's
Ploughs are much the strongest aud most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvcmenr made on Ihe shoe,
or land side of litis Plough, which can }*& renewed without
having lo furnish a new landsidv: this shoe liliewise seciiiet
ihe mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to 8l6. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost aliogt
8il> an, and with cutter 81, with wliee) and cotter, 82 68
extra,-

The above Ploughs are for sole, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stme,
Noft 51 &. 62 North Market Sireel. l-v

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,00n feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK it
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

TVE UP CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 600 Chains for lya-

ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduceil by E. H. Derbv, Esq. of Salem,
and Col Jacques, for the purpose of securing cattle to the
stall, are loiind te be the safest and most convenient Bode
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market St.

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-tre's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose ofgiving the tims
of day in llie garden or field. Price 76 cents. For sale bj
J. BRECK tr CO., No 61 and 52 North Market St.

Sept 1.

AORICUL.TURA.I' lUPLEME.VTS, A-o.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
iiuse and Seed Slore No. 51 and 52 Norih Market street,
ould inform their customers and the public generally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agri-
cultuinl and Horticultural Tools to he found in the United
States. Part of which are the following :
1600 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
2011 Culiivalors.
100 Greene's Straw Cotters.
50 Willis' do. do.
too Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Con

Shelters.
60 Common do do.
2,)0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutters
M Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
16IIU Doz Sc)the Stones.
3000 '' Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

too doz

■ Cast Steel Shovel*

130 "

Common do.

100 "

Spades.

500 "

Grass Scythes.

300 "

stent Sn.iiths.

200 "

Common do.

600 "

Hav Rakes.

200 "

Garden do.

200 "

Manure Forks.

300 "

Hay do.

500 Pai

r Trace Chains.

100 "

Truck do.

100

Draft do.

600

lie up do.

60dnz

Halter do.

000 yards Fence do.

25 Grind Stones on rollers.

192

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

DEC. 15, 1841.

MISCELLltNEOUS

DEATH OF THE FLOWERS.

BV BRYANT.

The melancholy days are come,

The saddest of the year,
Of vailing winds, and naked voods.

And meadows hrown and sere,
Heap'(f in the hollows of the grore,

The wilher'd leaves lie dead ;
They riisile to the eddying gusi,

And to the rabliil's tread ;
The roiiin and the wren are flown,

And from theshruh the jay,
And from the wood-top calls the crow,

Through all the gloomy day.

Where are the flowers, the fair young flowers,

That lately sprung and stood
In brighter light and softer airs,

A beauteous sisterhood ?
Alas ! they all are in their graTes,

The gentle race of flowers,
And lyi.-ig in their luwly bed,

With the ftir and good of ours,
The rain is fai'.'ea where they lie,

But cold November rain
Calls r.ot, from out the gloomy^earth,
T'' e lovely ones again.

"^.he wind flower and the violet,

They perished long ago,
And the wild rose and the orchis died

Amid the summer glow :
But on the hill the golden-rod,

And the aster in the wood,
And the yellow sun-flower by th» brook

In Autumn beauty stood,
Till fell the frost from the clear, cold heaven,

As falls the plague on men,
And the brightness of their smile was gone,

From upland, glade and glen.

And now, when comes the calm, mild day,

As still such days will come.
To call the squirrel and the bee

From out their winter home.
When the sound of dropping nuts is heard,

Though all the trees are still.
And twinkle in the smoky light

The waters of the rill.
The south wind searches for the flowers

Whose fragrance late he bore.

And sighs to find them in the wood

And by the stream no more.

And then I think of one who in

Her youthful beauty died,
The fair, meek blossom that grew up

And faded by my side :
In the cold moist earth we laid her,

When the forest cast the leaf.
And we wept that one so lovely,

Should have a life so brief;
Yet not unmeet it was, that one,

Like that young friend of ours,
So gentle and so beautiful.

Should perish with the flowers.

THE POOR OF ENGLAND.

The following extracts arc from the journal of
an agent of a benevolent society in Birmingham:

JrNE. — " The reiterateii complaint of want of
employment is truly distressing, and the melan-
choly conscfiuences are visible in the cheerless
abodes of the poor : furniture and clothes gradual-
ly consigned to the pawnbrokers' shops ; — these
things often deaden the energies, and lead to neg-
lect, recklessness and despair, and too often pre-
vent access to the heart. I saw, a few days since,
a poor child ' dying by inches,' from want of pro-
per nourishment, and lying in an old deal box. An
evening or two since, I called at a house having
scarcely an article of furniture, no fuel, nor bread ;
the poor woman with her children, pale and emaci-
ated ; the man had been out of work for several
months : want was here like an armed man, and

CRKEN'S PATEKT STRA'W CUTTKR.

JOSEPH BRECK &■ CO. at the New England Agri
tural Warehouse and Seed Store No». 61 and 62 North V 1
kct Street, have lor sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hav l
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not bw , '
applied to any implement for this purpose. The most pr k
ineut eflecls of this application, and some of the conscqi )f
peculiarities of the machine arc :

I. So great a reduction of the quantum of power requ:
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is suffic
to work it efliciently.

With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bi
would that I could say that this is a solitary case !" j els ammule, which is full twice as fast as has been clai

JpLY. — " My labors increase daily, and my
work literally grows on my hands ; and unless my
heart greatly deceives mo, I fcol, notwithstanding
the difficulties and sometimes the discouragements
of my office, an increasing desire to go on, — to
spare not myself, so that good may bo effected by
my exertions. I have now called on nearly four
hundred families ; many of these calls give me
real pleasure, as in many instances I discover a
stronger desire to see me at each repeated visit ;
although this feeling chiefly manifests itself among
the sick, the aged, and the very miserable, it is by
no means conjined to them. I have not received a
rude answer, and scarcely a cold reception, during
the last four weeks, and very rarely before ; and
considering that I have called on persons of differ-
ent classes and dispositions, and without the slight-
est previous knowledge of each other, this I think
speaks well for the poorer inhabitants of Birming-
ham,— indeed for the age, and for human nature.
The poor, generally speaking, properly appreciate
kind treatment and a regard for their feelings ; and
I am persuaded that if the wealthier classes would
mix more with them — not with tlie haughty parade
of condescension, but in the feeling manifested by
the words of Peter to Cornelius, ' Stand up, for I
also am a man,' — great mutual -good would bo the
result, and much of that sullen feeling of distrust,
displayed by the laboring classes against their
employers, would cease. It is astonishing the good
done by a few words of cordial sympathy on the
minds of tlie most destitute and miserable."

July 113th. — I saw a poor creature, Elizabeth

, lately residing in Court, Bristol Street,

a married woman with two children, — her husband
travelling in search of employment ; — the poor
woman is in a most deplorable state, having this
morning been turned out of her house for arrears
of rent, and having no means of procuring another
lodging. I saw and relieved her some time ago,

by any other machine even when worked by horse or st
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any o
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, mode and
toijether very strongly. It is therefore not so liable at
complicated machines in general use to get out of ord*.

APPIiB PAREHIg.

Just received at the New England Agricultural W'
house, No 6t and 62 North Market Street, a good suppl
Slanlry's Superior Apple I'arcrs, a very useful article. V"
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be parei>
a very short lime in the best possible manner, and wilb^
saving nfihe apple, as the outsides may be taken otfal
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N. P'
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SCUDDER, C
DIS 6^ CO., and HOSMER& TAPPAN, Milk Street.^

Sept. 1 6w "

Oi. 1 Al'fAlx, HiilK &ireei.
JOSEPH BRECK & CH

VUII«USTU!«E8, ON FRICTION ROL.1.E

Grindstones of different sizes hung on friction rol lei
moved with a fool ircader, is found to be a great im
ment on (he present mode of hanging grindslnnrs.
ease with which they move upon the rollers, reiuiors I
very easy to turn with the fool, by which I lie l.ilwir of
man is saved, and the person in the aci nf grinding,
govern the stone more to his mind by having iho com]
control of his vi'ork. Stones hung in this mniinor an
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give ugi
sal sailsfnction. The rollers can be attached to iioncs I
in the common way.
r . - , . ,, .1 . u . f .1 <• . r r! Porsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. r.l an

and she has since told mo, tliat but for tlio first loaf jj^f,], Market Boston. July

of bread I gave her, her children and herself must i^^-^—^— — — »i^^-«— i^— — — i»

have perished of hunger."

Sf.ptf.mbkr. — " Never, perhaps, was the hand

of liberal, yet judicious and discriminating charity,

Bbightor, hx&r Bostok,

Situated on the line of the Boston and Worcester i
Road,--S miles from the city.
The Proprietors of ibis extensive nursei^
i leave to inform their friends and the public,
^ they are ready to furnish orders to anv .i
for Forest Trees, indigenuous and exotic.
^^^iSiCs^ Fruit Trees, including all the varielie*
Pears, Peaches, Plums, Nectarines, Cherries, &c. &c.
Vines— Shrubs, Green House Plants, &c
Catalogues may ba obtained by applying at the N
Trees carefully packed, to ensure safely in long vo;
Orders left at the New England Seed Store of J. Bb_
Co. Nos. 51 and 62, North Jlarkel street, will lie del^
the day following.
Letters containing orders, addressed to the Bubs(

Brighton Nurseries, Oct. 27, 1841.

J. & F. WINSt

needed more than at this time ; for never was dis
He that has energy enough in his constitution iress — nay, appalling destitution — more prevalent
to root out a vice, should go a little farther, and than now. A cabinet-maker, on whom I havecall-
try to plant a virtue in its place; otherwise he will ed, is forced to break atones ; earning, in one
have his labor to renew: a strong soil that has 1 week, only two shillings, for the support of him-
produced weeds, may be made to produce wheat I self, his wife, and five children. The family, one
with far less difficulty than it would cost to make 1 day last week (as I was assured by a neighbor), had
it produce nothing Lacon. \ nut tasted food until a late hour in the afternoon."

NEW E N O L A N I) FARMER.

A Wr.KKl.Y PAPER,

The Editorial department of this paper iiavingc
into tho hands of the subscriber, he is now author
by the publishers to inform the public thai tbe prii
the paper is reduced. In future the terms will bi
pnr year in advance, or *2 50 if not p.iid wiii n il
days. ALLEN PI IN \N

N. B. — Postmnslors are permitted by law i.i Irani
•iibscriptiuns and remittances for newspapers, will
expense to subscribers.

TDTTLK AND DHITETT, PRIHTEBI.

AND H O R T I (' U I. T IJ II A L II E G I S T K K .

pmiLISlIKl) BV JOSKPll BllKCK * CO., NO M NOKTH MARKET STIlKliT, (AoRiouiTO«At W*««iioi««.)-ALLEN PUTNAM. EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNRSDAY KVKNING, DKCICMBKU 22, 1841.

I .vo. -ta

N. E. FARMER

AGRICULTURAL ADDRESS.
The Formers' Register contains an AJdresg to
e .\gricultural Society of Cumberland county,
bv VV. S. .MiiKTOw, President of the Society,
he object of the ndilrosa is to show that mun, by
e laws of nature id doomed to labor, and that
)edionca to this law generally ensures success,
fler opening the subject in a happy aianner.lhe
tlior imagines a traveller making observations
tiio " Old Dominion.'" Similar sights may eoiiio-
mes be met with elsewhere : —

Let oiir traveller now coma about the bonie-
ead, and he will find the dwelling-houso good,
d, or indifferent, as the case may be. The same
ay be said of the granary. The stable is apt to
J indifferent — in many instances »ery bod; with
wet and filthy floor, and sometimes with mire eo
p at tlie door, as to require some hunger to in-
jcc a horse to encounter the entrance. Perchance
3ar the door there may be piles of manure, long
nsed by the rains, not actually put there to 8|Joil,
it thrown out to prevent the horses from being
ilf buried, on lying down. This is admitted to
an extreme case, but (or its slovenliness and
uelty deserves rebuke. Imagine our traveller
ing at an animal which might have stood in
>ld relief among Pharaoh's lean kine, begrimed
ith filth, and covered with ice, its hollow eyes
ournfully turned towards the fodder-stack, with
hinder legs almost crossed, to present the sharp-
edge possible to the wind, while its fore ones
re stretched, with almost dying energy as props,
/ere he from Yorkshire, England, or our own
outh Branch of Potomac, he niiglil feel some
>ubt abi.'ji the species of this poor beast ; he would
cl certain, however, from its horns, its mournful
iring, and chewing its cud — if cud it had to
new — that it belonged to the genus " Bos." Such
picture as this, also, is very rare, but, I think I
ive seen something like it The owner of this
limal means to improve his stock when he gets
«dy. But what is that our stranger is inspecting
> narrowly ? Its face is sharp, and it is sharp all
/er. It looks as if it had just passed through a
lUing mill. lie has read of the opossum, and he
ould like to take a look at its pouch. It roots,
jwever, most furiously, and if it only had cars, he
ould suspect it must belong to the hog family.
lerhaps the owner of these animals sells corn,
ome few instances of such misguided, left-handed
sonomy may be found in our country, and as no
inishment can be inflicted on them except ridi-
ulc, they should have enough of that I am hap-
gentlemen, to feel assured that such extreme
;s of mismanagement are not to be found in
vicinity, or among our members ; and to think
lat I perceive evidences of something like im-
rovcnient. Let us earnestly endeavor to make
much more manifest.
But let us introduce our traveller to the people.
he be fit to make observations at all, he has al-
idy observed that success in agriculture, or in-

deed any thing else, depends much more upon
them, as agents, than upon any thing on which they
may operate.

Permit inc to premise, that whatever reflections
may be made in relation to the young, arises from
no unkind feeling towards thorn, but from a deep
and mournful conviction, that their fiiults are pro-
duced mainly by errors of their parents and teach-
ers, and errors in public sentiment.

The time was, when our boys were drilled in
the rudimen'.s of education, by sound scholars
among the Episcopal clergy. Afterwards, by well
qualified clergymen of other denominations. These
gentlemen rigidly inculcated on their pupils, that
while they were boys, they cartninly were not
men, and, when necessary, they made them sensi-
bly/tc^ the truth of this. The impression was BO
deep, that even after they became men, they could
hardly believe it. But the conviction of the truth,
in this instance, had a much better foundation in
reality than it would, had it been assumed in ad-
vance of the fact.

In more modern times, somebody discovered that
the clergy had too much important business to oc-
cupy every moment of their time, to spend any part
of it in the education of youth ; even before any
safe and well ndjiistod scheme for their education
could be devised.

Since this discovery, parents and teachers have
got together by advertisement, and every other
conceivable mode, except the right one, that of a
thorough knowledge of character. These teachers
have generally been knowing ones enough to find
that the best way to become jiopular and to get the
most scholars was, to electioneer among the boy-i.
Since then, the boys have been knowing ones too —
have had their day — have been men — and some of
them great men at fourteen. And now, who does
not see that they, in a great measure, rule the
country ?

It would be needless to give a detailed account
of female education, in this country, in former times.
Suffice it to say, that girls learned but very little
at school. They were taught to read, write, and
cypher a little, by a matronly lady, in the family
or at school in the neighborhood, while very young ;
after which their edui-ation was chiefly domestic
and maternal. The best of books were put into
their hands, and thny acquired a taste for them,
and such women as they made immeasurably greater
men than he who addresses you have told the
world.

Our stranger in forming acquaintance, begins
with the young ladies. He first sees them at
church. He is struck with their mode of getting
there. He has somehow learned that their moth-
ers were not loo proud to ride to church, ^ico on a
horse. But now he sees a single sylph-like being,
who he could have easily imagined to have flown
there, issuing from a fine carriage, which cost her
father more money than he can leave her as a lega-
cy. Our traveller is a bachelor, and wishes to
lake the grand master's degree in life. He has a
great horror of carriages, as their introduction
brings with it all manner of luxury into ^ commu-

nity. He begins to iliiiik this ih not tho country
for him, but, like a prudent man, reriolvea to Iook
further. Her dress probibly cost more than iier
mother thus expended in five years, or hor graiwl-
inolher in her life-time. Ho finds Uiat they all
come t» church in carriages, and thai lliero arc
more of these on tho ground than can be readily
counted. He thinks ho cannot settle in Virginia.
He must look further. On getting better acquaint-
ed, he finds that the ladies arc very accomplished
in novel-reading, know somolhing of grammar, ge-
ography, astronomy, geology, mineralogy, chemis-
try, in short, of almost every thing, except, per-
haps, self-denial in expenditure, the source whence
money comes, and tho art of hoiise-keoping. He
makes his augurigs of the future prospects of agri-
culture in our dear old dominion. ' What a pity,'
he thinks, ' that these fine girls have not been wtH
grounded in a thorough taste for the British clos-
sics generally, and especially such poets as Milton,
Thomson, Young and Cowper!'

He turns to the boys. Many of these ha might,
have taken for young Indians, had their skins been
rod, and their persons wrapped in blankets. 'Ihcir
hair, dressed a la mode Cherokee, hangs down to
their throats. Their velvet hands arc covered
with silk or kid gloves. Their dress, of the most
costly materials, is fashioned in that style which
but a few years ago fixed upon those who had the
firm ha^HJlMLto assume it, tho appellation of dun-
dics^^^^^^^^rcilious glance and magnificent
striu^^^^^^^Rore loudly than words, 'ulio but.
we '-"^^P^^Me the lords cf creation !' .\nd
many of them carry out this Eontimcnt ; for they
rule all about them. Sii*li ina'ellous precocity
amazes our stranger. Bin ho p.-severes in his in-
vestigations, and finds that they really art men,
for they have their wine parlies, and card parties,
and sometimes spend more money in one of tiieir
nightly orgies, than their fathers make — as clear
profit — in a whole year. And that iJiey swejr in
onths as long and as senselessly arranged as their
own dishevelled locks. ' Whit are their calcula-
tions ?' he asks in amazement. Why, they expect,
as soon as they become legally men, they will, by
instinct, or in some oilier mysterious way, be per-
feet prodigies, and feeling that Ihcy have indeed
tasted of the tree of knowledge, they threaten, that
if the old mnn,aa the father is irreverently called,
iiiulertako to control them, they will march to .Ma-
bama or Mississippi, or be off to Texas. But how
comes such deep depravity at so early an age.' It
is found (oh horrid!) that these parlies are gene-
rally contrived by one or more older br ys with the
same profusion of hair on their head& either natu-.
rul or artificial, and a perfect mop of it on Iheir
faces and throats — and that all this is their diaboli-
cal work. Now, 08 to tho fashion of the hair, I
am not very particular ; but when it becomes so
perfectly the ra/^e, as to give an impress to charac-
ter, and exert on influence on morals, it deserves
rebuke. It is true, I have not learned that since
the days of Samson, length of hair had any con-
nection with strength, either of brawn or intellect,
and if one does not fall into some delusion on thii

194

subject, it matters not much how he wcara his hair
It would be very pleasing, liowever, to s.-o onr beys
dressinij in n. style becoming the relotinn they sus-
tain to society, and giving fair promise that they
will prepare, in the best manner, for the high and
responsible destinies which await them. They
Irtle think with what deep afTection and absorbing
interest they a'C regarded by their seniors and pa-
rents.

I am an ardent friend of the boys: 1 could most
eordially wish them to be laboriously preparing for
the theatre of manhood, and for incomparably sur-
passing the deeds of their fathers. The example
of Phaeton is too \ividly recollected to trust them
as yet with the reins. When they get ready, 1
shall most heartily unite in cheering them into the
ranks.

For the girts, I feel the most dclinnte and the
deepest anxiety, and am assured, that whenever
their fathers and brothers shall fall into the right
track, Ihsy will sweetly glide into that coi:r.se to
wliich tlie puhlic welfare so loudly calls them.

Tlic conclusion of the whole matter is, that the
best agricultural periodicals may be published, the
best essays may be written on the improvement of
farming, tho best implements of husbandry may be
wvented, the best races of slock introduced, phi-
losophers may speculate, the ministers of our holy
religion may preach, yet after all, appalling as the
thought may be, we must WORK ! Yes, we must
WORK ! !"

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

followed after, with a hold of the stilts, and in this
formidable and ludicrous manner, they repealed
their attacks on the soil !"

DFC. »».

EXTRACTS FROM SLEEPER'S ADDRESS.
Smalt Farms.
" A vine-dres.ser (in ancient Rome,) had two
dnughtors, and a large vineyard. When his eldest
daughter was married, he gave l^u^^rd of the
vineyard for her portion, not^vith^^^^^Kh^ch he
continued to have ;iie same .;: vntity oF^B as bo-
foTC. When his y'lfigest iI.d .bter iif^Pnarried,
he gave her half ct i*hat remained, and still the
produce of his vineyard was undiminished.' This
e.xlraordinary result was the consequence of his
bestowing as much labor on the third part loft af-
ter his daughters had received their portions, aa
he had been accustomed to bestow on the whole
vineyard.

.'\ good moral may be drawn from this apologue,
even by the farmers of New Kngland in this en-
liglitened age. Cultivate a little land well, and
it will be more ptofitable in proportion to ll>e
labor expended, than the cultivation of much land
in a careless and unfaithful manner. This self-
evident truth lias been repeatedly urged upon the
attention of the agricultural comuiunity, and it
cannot be too often repeated, until small farms bc-
couie the order of the day, and tho land of New
England is cultivated as il should be, and trebled,
nay, quadrupled in population and value."
Plowing as it tens.
"It is not many years since, that in some parts
of Scotland the plows used to be drawn by four
horses abreast, and required the attendance of three
men. The businefs of one man was to drive. For
that purpose he placed himself between the middle
horses, with his face towards the plow to guide it
straight, and in this position he stepped backwards
with the reins in his hand. Another walked before
the horses with a flecked statf, which ho fastened
in the front of the beam, and by this means regu-
lated the depth of the furrow, by raising or lower-
ing the plow, as occasion required. The plowman

Is the Old H'a;/ alwuys the Best ?■
"Once upon a lime there was a certain ancient
vender of fish, who was in the habit of tramping
from place to place, carrying his merchandise on
an old fiorse, with a couple of baskets, into one of
which the old man used to pack his fish, while in
the other, by way of counterpoise, ho would stow
an equal weight of stones; One day a neigiibor
who had some brains in his head, remonstrated with
our itinerant hawker of marine merchandise, on
the absurdity of his conduct, and endeavored to
prove to him that it would bo much hettor to put |
fish into both baskets, and altogether dispense with !
the stones, as the horse then would be able to car-
ry double the quantity of fish, or the same quantity
with twice tho ease.

The fishmonger, who, by the way, was a great
stickler for good old customs, and had a profound
veneration for the wisdom of our ancestors, either
would not, or could not, comprehend the logic of
his reforming neighbor; and gruffly told him that
his plan might do, for any thing he knew, but that
his father and grandfather used to carry fish in one
basket and stones in the other, and he was deter-
mined to do the same as long as he lived, as he
hated all new-fangled notions from the bottom of
his heart I

Now we are, all of us, ready to condemn the
conduct of this man, and to wonder at the stupidity
and force of prejudice which are so strongly exhi-
bited in his conduct. But there are few, very few,
among us, who are not, unconsciously perhaps,
pursuing a similar course ; that is, contemning the
light of experience and intelligence, and following
the track of our ancestors, wlio may have erred
through a want of practical knowledge.

It is common to cry out against -itinovalion ; but
it has been well said, ' there can be no improDfmf n(
without innovation.' And there is probably no
business in life which is more susceptible of im-
provement, which will derive more advantages from
experience, from facts, and from experimental sci-
ence, than Agriculture. As.'iociations like the one
I have the honor to address, where intelligent hus-
bandmen meet and compare notes, and stale facts
or express opinions, all tending to enlighten or in-
form, must therefore be highly ben(-ficial. And
every man, however humble in his own opinion,
however uneducated, is capable of acquiring valua-
ble knowledge by observation, which it is his duty
to add to the general stock."

him, in accents of commisseration, ' My frien
pity you from the bottom of my heart.' ' Oh, ^,
said the other, while a smile of pride and exultf' i^n^
played around his mouth, and for a moment illu ■
ed his wo-begone countenance, 'I am not so n
to be pitied as you imagine; for neighbor Jen
lives just over the hill, owns one half of
land ." "

From the New Genesoo Farmer.
A CARD.

jitJ

If I
(It*

IfTOl

jVot so Poor as you think, Sir.

"Men forget that the intrinsic value of a farm
does not consist in its number of acres of barren
land, but in its productiveness, in the excellence of
the acres of which it is composed.

And this reminds me of an anecdote, with which
many of my audience are doubtle-ifs familiar. A
good practical farmer, one day, travelling through
a part of New England, came to a spot, where two
large farms were situated. He gazed upon the
half-tilled soil with a feeling akin to sadness. At
length, seeing a man with a physiognomy betoken-
ing a broken spirit, busily employed in tho liope-
iess task of destroying the weeds wliich overtopped
an immense field of yellow looking corn, and be-
lieving, of course, that he must be the owner of
this extensive but barren tract of land, ho said to

At the desire of Mr Bateham, [the propria
the subscriber announces to the friends of the 1
Genesee Farmer, his engagement to remov
Rochester, and take, on the first of January e .
ing, the exclusive editorship of this work. I!
no"t without a just diffidence that he undert
this enterprise ; but, with honorable intentioni' .
is persuaded that in the generosity and public B< j|'^
of the New York Agricultural community, he i'
find a welcome. He leaves the good old
State, the land of his nativity and the sepulchi
his fathers, not without many strong emotions;
he does not feel that in going to New York II
I going from home. He has been long acqu«ii
I with^New York and her citizens ; and has ti
always the deepest interest in her enterprizes-
improvements. He has always regarded her h
cultural progress and success with admiration ;
now that in addition to the common tes of fril J^
ship nnd political fraternity the two Slates ai
he linked together by iron bom's in the great
tcrests of internal trade and coi imercc, he da
his removal much less a separation from home*
the friends of his youth.

In coing into New York, he feels that he is
ing among old acquaintances. He had many y
the pleasure of an intimate friendship with the
lamented Buel ; and he is happy in standing iO'
same relation of mutual respect and esteem
the present enlightened and indefatigable editt
the Cultivator. Her Aliens and 'I'liomases,
VVadsworth and Gaylord, and Rotch and V
and Ball and Blydenburgh, and Beekman
Grove, and Bement and Hall, ar.J \V«lsh and
Rensselaer, and Dunn and Corning, seem to
like old and tried friends, united by a bond too
cred to be polluted by any base and selfish inta

tlie bond of a common devotion to the advai

ment of an improved husbandry, and the social,
tellcctual, and moral elevation of the rural and
boring classes.

He goes to New York to continue the labon
which forty years of his life have been dcvot
and to unite his humble efforts more clo.sely l
thciiK in this common cause, the cause of hoi
comfort, of good morals, of private and public g(
He will be most happy to be recognized as a >
laborer. He goes to New York with no assiu |
lion of authority cither to leach or to lead. N( i
ing is farther from his thoughts. Ho goes nd
(li-ire the team, but to draip in the team ; and wl
ho has wind enough left, lie promises, with
goading or whipping, to do his best to keep
draft steady, and his end of tho yoke squnre.
has no higher earthly ambition than that it may
said of him, when the bow is pulled from his ne
" he has done a good day's work."

The object of the present nolo is merely to mi
his bow to his New York friends, and to say ll
he hopes for their better acquaintance ; and tl
when he calls again, somewhere about New Ye

vol.. x\. xo. -ts.

AND H O R T I C U L T H R A L R !•: G I S '1' E R

105

tliall " if lliQ ul>l fulks oro mllin);, rciipacirully
leave (o s(»y ull ni;jlit." lie liaa now just dropt
mil wiiii't iiilrudp.

Rispcctlullv. UELNRY COL.MAN.

t<uloii,Xov.i7lb, H?-ll.

For the N. £. Karnior.

IIKNS.
LLK!» Pi'T>AM, K»q. — Ocnr

lis r,>."i HijKiiiil ii.it be cxiicclei! uiiloaii llio fowU ore
«cll I'od and slicllprcd.

Mr Doswell apeaka liiglily of the •• Poland," a
bluck lien with a white tul'l on the head, •riieso
ha nnrnea as one of the most useful varietien, par-
ticnlnrly on account of the aluiiidancu of cj;j;a
>Wiicli thoy lay, bcinp less inclinnd to Kit thnn any
' other breed — nlionco Ihey ore soiiicliinca called
\evcrl,istinf^ /nyrrj. Our ubaervations ngrco very

Sir I notice in ' *"" "'"' ''"""' reinnrks upon tlie Poland.

New Kngrlund Farmer of the Pth inst., an in- | J^everal inquiries linvo recently been niado of us

under ih-; signature of L. P. Parks, relative to ' i^l'^'i^e |<> hens — and the best reply wo can mokr

nproveinent in the breed of hens, and whore ! '" to advise those who are seeking infornialion, to

of the best breeds may be obtained — which ."''tain this work of Mr Boswell's. Its cost proba

ies I propose tf> answer. | ^'y *'" ""' '•« "'<"'e tlian 37 1-2 or .'»0 cts. — lio.

havo had some experience in that line, and ■

d mnny of different breeds : I have found none j 0>f RAISING POTATOES FROM SEED,
irofitablc as a cross of the Malay and Java j A correspondent of the Massachusells Plowman
ds. They lay early in IIkj spring, and nol on- i says :
ove to be good layers, but excellent mothers, i it ■ i

"Having been frequently asked liow to raise po-
tatoes from the seeds of the balls, and believing it
very important to produce new varieties by this
process, I will describe my mode of doing it. Wlicn
the bulls ore ripe, mash them, •.vasli out the seeds.

liu objert with inc is to be in advance of my

ibors in the market, and in this I have been

successful. I raised, this year, over one hun-

chickeits by the last of July. From that tin>e

e 20th of August, I sold them all from 20 to , , , ,

s. per lb. at wholesale, they weighing from 6 | '^'^ "'"^ '"y '^^'." """y ^°' "^C- ^o* them like

carrots or parsnips, and keep the plants free fron
weeds. Each stalk will have one potato, and sel-
dom more than two. T<iey vary in size, but arc
not often larger than a pigeon's egg.

Care should be taken when digging them, to no-
tice wlielher two or more belong to any one of the
la inv mode of treatment, &c., I will cheerfully I ^'""',^: ^^o or more belonging to one stalk are of
lunicate to such us desire ihe information. 1 °"^ '""'' ^"'^. ''"'"'y' "'"^ "''""l'' be secured it, one

lb. per pair dressed while at the same time |
eigUbors, with the common fowls, were not I
to get theirs to market before October, when
would command only 8 to 10 cts. per lb. This i
ihew your correspondent the advantages re- 1
from an improvenient of breed. As it re- !

DOW on band six pairs of the kinds described
, which I will dispose of on reasenable terms
y of your friends who may desire to puichase
Very respectfully, voure,

JOHN GILES.
ovidttkct, Dec. 13/A, 1841.

"THE POULTRY YARD."

paper, and planted in one hill. I believe that there
are as many sorts or varieties as there arc stalks
the first year.

Save only the largest and best shaped — prefer-
ring the kidney shaped. Plunt them fifteen inches
apart, with only one potato in a hill, except when
more than one belonged to one stalk. Yoa will
then have as many sorts as you have hills.

When you dig them, keep the different sorts sepa-
ia is the title of a work by Peter Boswell, of i rate, and save only the best The next spring,
ilaw, Eng., an American edition of which we j plant all belonging to one hill, and ihen put down
has been recently published by Wiley & Put- i a stake ; then all from another hill, and put down
New York. This edition has not found its i another stake ; and so of tlie rest.
o us, but our English copy we have read from In this manner I have obtained fourteen bushels
jage to the end. The work is from the pen of one sort the fourth year. The labor is but little,
le who is evidently well acquainted with his and I think the advantages are great. S. W.

t, and his treatise would give much valuable Bridgewatcr, .Vof. Q7tk, 1841.

nation to most of our fdrmers in relation to

ducks, gce.<e, turkeys, &.c. ; their origin, There is unfortunately a sort of mania which
1, wonts and the proper modes of feeding and , pervades our country once in a while in favor of a

ig each kind. Experiments there detailed
that rye is not generally well relished by
but that all the other grains are. Boiled po-
1 and roots generally are found beneficial.
quantity of grain which o hen will eat in a
rhen she has it always by her, is found to be
oats, buckwheat, or barley, 92 pints,

wheat, 09 "

maize, or Indian corn, 58 "

rye, 35 "

particular thing or a particular kind of stock, which
is scarcely limited within the bounds of reason.
The Merino sheep have had their day ; the blood
horse his day; improved cattle have had their day ;
the mulberry fever has raged and it has left the
patient in a complete state of collapse. These
over zealous efforts might even produce benefits by
disseminating a good thing through the country ;
but sometimes they are so overdone as to produce
destructive and revolting reaction. The pig, the
•ne experiments which we made two or three ; hog, is now lord of the ascendant, and more par-
since, led to the conclusion that a hen would | ticularly attracts the attention of the whole coun-
me of yellow tiat (southern) corn, about five - try than any thing else in the farmin? way. Mr
or 60 pints per year. The cost of keeping ! Lossing, Mr Bement, Mr -Martin and Mr Ilurlbut,
when confined, is probably about ■$ I per year, j not forgetting our worthy friend in Hollins street,
lumber of eggs which can be obtained from i are the great men of the day, and if they do not
9 variously estimated at from 125 to 17.5. quarrel too much among themselves, we may yet
nnallest of these numbers is as high as can chance to elect one of them to the presidency. You
Iculatcd upon with any safety. And so many will see here all the favorite varieties of that use-

ful uniMinl, the h.)g now become so universally pop-
ul !r. 'I'hc oiiiatc'iir in good liaina, and llie specula-
tor 111 |)ork and Inrd, uiny fcnst tlicir eyen lierc to-
day to tlieir lieorlH' c intciiL The tiiilh u, it would
seem, we have been so Imig required by rescript
"to go the whole hog," that wc now go to hiin
vnliiiilarily and from pure choice. — lien. Kmory'$
Mdrtts be/ore Ihe Maryland ,1g. Soc.

Lucerne — We published in our lost a paper from
the pen of Mr Robert Hakcr, England, upon the
culture of this excellent, ihoiigh with lui, neglected
gr.\sR. Since then we liave paid a Hying visit tn
Mr BeltzhooverV farm, near this city, (Hnltiniore,)
where we had the pleasure of geciiig a patch of
about a third of an acre, and was pleased t« learn
that it had fully realizeil the highest expectation*
which that gentleman had formed of its value as a
soiling grass, and as a proof ivc were pointed to an
!iddilional patch which had been sown this fall, Iho
which, if we were not opposed to croaking, wo
would say, wo fear that its setting was delayed loo
late. Wc learned that the first patch to which we
alluded above, afforded five or six cuttings the
present spring, summer and fall, yielding well oL
each cutting. The advantages of an acre or two
of this grass upon a farm, to be used ss green meat
for the working horses and nulch cows, we think
cannot be too'h.j'ily appreciated, and wc would
again urge Jt opor. our brethren to make the neces-
sary arrangements this winter, to set a small quan-
tity of ground nextapring with it .imti. Far.

Film in the Eye of a Beaal A correspondent of

the Yankee Farmer suggests what he considers a
new rcme^^K a film, i. e. spitting tobacco juice
into the^^^^Bc animal. He remarks, that he
has scei^^^^^Bly twice, but each time with en-
tire succe^^^ffa with very sensible caution con-
cludes, by saying "the remedy requires to be more
fully established." We can assure our cautious
friend that the remedy has been fully established
down South foryears. The memories of our oldest
tobacco clievvers reach not the antiquity of its dis-
covery. We have often seen tobacco juice spit in
a horse's eye, when weeping or looking weak, and.
entire telief afforded. — S. C. Teinp. Adv.

Burning nf Antliraeite Coal i»i Stoves Much

use is made of hard coal in jitoves, and great use is
made of iron vessels for evaporating water lo regu-
late the atmosphere of the apartments thus heated
by coal fires. Ijistead of putting water in the iron,
vessels, put a quantity of dry sand, and in this sand,
set an earthen bowl containing pure water, and this
renew every day, and at the same time rinse out
the bowl, so that it is made clean. Water evapo-
rated in iron vessels is very offensive, which ren-
ders the atmosphere of the aparlmenls impure a»
well as disagreeable. For parlors where the at-
mosphere is desired to be pleasant and agreeable,'
a small quantity of Cologne or perfumed water may
be added to the clean water, which will diffuse it-
self in the atmosphere of the room and make it.
pleasant.

The heat produced by hard coal is very different,
from that produced by bituminous coal, and is inju-
rious to persons in delicate health. Rooms in.
which hard coal is burnt, require more ventilatioa

than those where bituminous coal is used A". Y-

Jour. of Com.

196

NEW ENGLAND F A R M p: R

DRC. 33, 18*

CATALOGUR AND PEDIGRKE I

or M- Jnques' Cream Pot Breed of Xtnt CallU, |
" hrtd hj him, and beton«:ins to the Ten Hill Stock ;
Farm, to ht offered nt public sale, on Tuesday, I
Me \]th Januanj, 1843, at 10 o'clock, A. M.-

I5ll 1.1.8. ;

Don Cream PoM No. 3.)— Red, calved Dec. 20tl), j
1834. Got by Oeam Put (No. 2) ; dam, the Cream i
Pot cow ; grand dam, tho Groton Cow, by Coelebs
(No. I.)

Don ia probably one of the most valuable bulls
ever offered for sale. His color, a deep glossy
rod ; Ilia form, constitution, temper, vigor and ac-
tivity, are all that can be wished. And what is of
the utmost importance, he transmits these proper-
ties to his descendants. His weight is 2000 lbs.

Cream Pot bull (No. 2,) got by Coelebs No. 1 ;
dam, the Groton cow.

Coelobs fNo. 1,) not being recorded in Coates'
Herd Book, under this name, (his name having been
changed on his passage to America,) lins led some
to doubt his being Ihoroujrh bred. I5nt the original
documents which accompanied him at the time of
importation, and now in ))ossession of .Mr Jaqiies,
loads him to beltcvo tliat he wiis thorough bred.

It has been remarked by our best judges of stock,
tliat the cows by Coelebs, have proved for deep-
ness and richness of milk, superior to those from
any other bull known in this country.

Leo, (No. 4.) — Red, witli a fo-w spots of white ;
calved Miirch I8th, 1833, by a son of Wyecomet ;
dam, Cream Pot cow : g. d., Groton.

Orange, (No. .').)— Red ; calved Aug. 14, 1837,
by Cream Pot, (No. 2,) dam, Orange, a native.

.Vf(/ium, (No. 7.) — Red ; calved -A,ug. 15, 183i),
by Cream Pot (No. 2,) dam, Molly, by Cream Pot
(No. 2,) g. d. Silver Skin, a native. ^^|^^

C'i<ri'(f, (No. 8.)— Ked; calvcd^^^^l83!),
by Don, (No. 3,) dam, Cotnfort, by W^^Pot, (No.
2,) g. d. Civilia, gr. g. d. Countess, gr. gr. g. d.
Plora, imported.

Count, (No. 10.)— Red; calved March 10,1839,
by Don, (No. 3,) dnni, Kato Bolivar, by a son of
Bolivar, g. d. Kate, by Col. Powell's Bolivar, (see
Coates' Herd Book,) d. a native.

Si7i'er,(No. 12.)— Red ; culved Jan. 14, 1840, by
Don, (No. .3,) darn, ('ivilia, g. d. Countess, by Coe-
lebs (No. l,)gr. g. d. Flora.

Chjto, (No. 13.)— Red; calved Jan. 18, 1640, by
Cream Pot (No. 2,) dam, a native.

Globe, [No. Iti.)- Red; calved April 27, 1841,
by Don (No. 3,) dam, Grecian, by Cream Pot (No.
2,) g. d. Glossy, gr. gd. Crenjo Pot, gr. gr. g. d.
<iroton.

Diamond, (No. 18.) — Red , calved April 1.5,
1841, by Don (No. 3,) dam, Dolly, by Cream Pot,
(No. 2,) g. d. Dodge cow, a native.

Oblonp, (So. 20.)— Red ; calved May 4,1841,
by Don, (No. 3,) dam, Olive, by Cream Pot, (No.
2,) g. d. Orange.

Arch, (No. 21.)— Red ; calved May 21, 1841, by
Don (No. 3,) dam, Anna, by Cream Pot (No. '2,) g.
d. n. native.

Limpiil,{No. 22.)— Red ; calved May 22, 1841,
by Don (No. 3) dam, Lemon, by Cream Pot (No. 2,)
g. d. Lilly, by a eon of Coelobs, gr. g. d. a native.

Ifelmme, (No. 2.3.)— Red ; caked May 2f), 1841,
by Don (No. 3,) dam, Winslow Cow, g. d. Israel
Munsnn, Ksq.'rs Tuberose, imported. See Coates'
Herd Book.

Cawiui, (No. 33.)— Red; calved Oct. 6, 1841,
by Don (No. .3,) dam. Cypress, g. d. Coral, gr. g. d.
Cribbage, imported.

Herod, (No. 34)— Red; calved Oct. 7, 1841, by
Don (No. 3,) dam, Huldah, g. d. the Heard cow, gr.
g. d. the Fiske premium cow, a native.

Cows AND HeIFF.RS.

No. 1. Civilia. — Red; calved Deo. 1827; dam.
Countess, by Coelebs No. 1 ; g. d. Flora, in calf,
by Don, May 18,1841.

2. Funny Cicero. — Red and white; calved 1831 ;
dam. Flora, by Cicero, No. 29 ; in calf by Brilliant
Cream Pot, Nov. 8th, 1841.

Cicero, by Coelebs No. 1 ; dam. Flora.
Brilliant Cream Pot, by Don ; dam, Betty.

3. Kate Bolivar. — Red, with a etar ; calved
March 17, 1832; dam, Kate, Iiy a son of Bolivar;
g. d. Kate, by Bolivar; dam, a native, in calf by
Don, April 1st, 1841.

4. Cream Pot Cow. — Red ; calved April 27,
182.T ; dam, Groton, by Coelebs No. 1 ; ^uncertain
as to her being in calf)

GrotoH. — This cow wa.s purchased by Ralph
Ilaskins, Ksq., of Mr Hall, of Groton. The owner
knew nothing of her origin. She had no leading
points of any particular foreign breed. Her color
was a deep red. She was of medium size, of good
form for a native, and silky and elastic, or excellent
in the handle or touch ; and distinguished for the
quantity and extraordinary 'richness Of her milk.
Coelebs being crossed with this cow, their first
progeny was a heifer calf; the ne.xt was a bull
calf. The heifer, when at maturity, proved so su-
perior an animal, particularly for the quantity and
rich quality of her milk, having given 21 quarts of
milk per day, and her cream having produced at
the rate of 21 lbs. butter per week, and this on
grass feed only, induced Mr Jaques to adopt the
name of Cream Pot as a family name for this
breed of cattle.

5. Glossy. — Red ; calved May 9, 18^7 ; dam.
Cream Pot, by Admiral, (see Coates' Herd Book,)
g. d. Groton. In calf by Don, May 18, 1811.

C. Olive. — Red with a star ; calved Oct G, 1834 ;
dam. Orange, by Cream Pot, No. 2 ; in calf by
Don, Sept. 2(1, 1841.

7. Belly. — Red; calved Jan. 2, 1835; dam, the
Dodge Cow, by Cream Pot, No. 2. In calf by
Don, March 10th, 1841.

8. Coral. — Red, with some white spots; cnlved
Jan. 2d, 18:i5; ilam, Cribbage, an imported cow,
by Romulus, No. 28. In calf by Don, March 10th,
1841.

Romulus — dam. Flora, by Cicero.

9. Gate- Red ; calved June 3, 183G ;.dam,
Glossy, by Croam Pot, No. 2; g. d. Cream Pot,
gr. g. d. Groton, in calf by Don, Aug. 30th, 1841.

10. Dolly.— Rod; calved Dec. 11, 1835; dam,
the Dodge cow, by Cream Pot, No. 2. In calf by
Brilliant Cream Pot, July 10th, 1841.

11. Cherry — Red; calved Jan. let, 183G; dam,
Civilia, by Generosiis, g. d. Countess, gr. g. d. Flo-
ra, in calf by Don, Nov. 24th, 1841.

Gencrosus, by Devonshire; dam. Countess.

Devonshire, imported by Hon. B. Rodman, (sec
Coates' Herd Book.),

1 1. Coijuet. — Red and white ; calved Jan. Uth,
18.3() ; dam, Oibbage, by Cream Pot, No. 2. In
calf by Don, Aug. «, 1841.

13. Giptey. — Red, withaatar; calved June 20,
I8.i(i; dam, the Gowing Cow, by Cream Pot, No.
2 ; g. (I. a native, by a son of Coelebs, No. I ; in
calf by Brilliant, April 4th, 1841.

14. .'^imi.— Red ; calved Nov. 10, 183G; dam,
a native, by Cream Pot, No. 2. In calf, by Don,
Aug. 6th, 1841.

Wl

'if

15. Lemon.— Red; calved March 2.3, IK*'"'
dam, Lilly, by Cream Pot, No. 2 ; g. d. a nati J"
by Coelebs, No. 1 ; in calf by Don, Aug. 21, IS' '"'

10. Cypress Red and white; mostly r< I**'

calved Juno 12, 1837; dam. Coral, by Leo, No. f'
some uncertainty of her being in calf; she has i J'.
in tho pasture with Brilliant. "

17. Grecian.— Red ; calved July 13, 18.37; de "j
Glossv, by Cream Pot, No. 2. In calf by D "
Aug. 'l5, 1841. *'

18. //i(Wu/i.— Red ; calved July 15, 1837 ; dt «"'
the Heard cow, by Cream Pot, No. 2 ; g. d. i ''
Fiske cow. Some uncertainty of her being
calf. She has run with Brilliant ,^f^

19. Only.— Red; calved Aug. 29, 1837; da ,j
Olive, by Don, No. 3. In calf by Don, Aug. ij
1641. ^

20. Bountiful. — Red; calved Sept. 11, 188 ^,1
dam, Kate Bolivar, by Don, No. 3. In calf by Df _,
July 8th, 1841. " jf,

21. Jiouiiuet.— Red; calved April 11, 1831
dam, Bughorn, by Don, No. 3. In calf by Dr
Oct. 24th, 1841.

Bughorn, dam, a half blood, by Bolivar.

22. 0»er Red; calved May 10, 18:58; da>

Orus, by Don, No. 3 ; g. d. Orange, by Cream P' '
No. 2. In calf by Don, Aug. 1st, 1841.

23. Diana. — Red ; calved June 8, 1838 ; da>
Dolly, by Don, No. 3. In calf by Brilliant, Nt
9tli, 1841.

24. Cosset. — Red; calved Sept. 2;}, 1S.W; da;
Coquet, by Don, No. 3. In calf by Don, Aug. i
1841.

2,5. Crimp. — Red, with n star ; calved Jan. 8l ''
1839; dam, Civilia, by Leo, No. 4. In calf
Brilliant, July, 1841.

2ii. Topaz.— Red ; calved April 22, 1840 ; daJ"
tho Thorp Cow, a native, by Don, No. .3. In en "
by Brilliant, Aug. 1841.

27. Charm. — Red and white; calved April 31 •■
1840; dam. Coquet, by Don, No. 3. In calf If'
Brilliant, Aug. 16, 1841.

28. .Vi/m/;/,.— Red ; cnlved July 12,1840; dawf
Nell, by Don, No. 3 ; g. d. a native, by Cream P'
No. 2. In calf by Brilliant, Oct 20th, 1841.

29. Constant Red and white ; calved Sop

20, 1840; dam, Fanny Cicero, by Leo, No. 1.
bo in calf: ran in pasture with Brilliant.

30. Ghent.—Red; calved Nov. 12, 1840;
Gipsey, by Don, No. 3. May be in calf, as X

31. jBrnncA.— Red; calved Jan. 9, 1841
Kate Bolivar, by Leo, No. 4.

32. Chrystal. — Red; calved June 1,1841 ; Jan
Cosset, by Don, No. 3.

3-3. Cologne. — Red and white; calved An;,'. 1'.
1841 ; dam, Fanny Cicero, by Don, No. 3.

N. B The Croam Pot Cow, Cream Pot liul

(No. 2,) Leo, (No. 4,) and Glossy Cream Pot, wer
bred by Ralph Ilaskins, Esq., and purchased «
him by Mr Jaques.

The Bulls arc numbered in this catalujjua ii
they are recorded in Mr J.'s Herd Book. Tin
Cows are numbered 1 to 33,only for this cutalourm

In selecting and breeding these animalN, ^reS
care and attention were requisite ; for not one iajf
thousand uf our native cows combine and transnil
as breeders, the properties most dedrcd for A
dairy, the shambles,, the yoke, &c. But Mr JaquA
by adhering to tho principles that like prodad
like, that tho strongest strains of blood must pi0>
dominate, and that the good or bad propcrtiali
whether of color, or character, arc transiiiKajbl*^

Ml

dan

vol.. XX. TiO.-tH.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGLSTER,

197

,h lonj; oxporiencc, clo»e obscrvalinn, niul a jii-
iou« exercise of tho fy' ""'' '""•'', •""» boon oiia-
to rour » race oraminalH, coiiibiomg, in R great
free, all thc«e propprties ; — BiiiiiialH, wliich ore
nonnced by tlic best jiid-jen in this couiilry,

111, if not superior lo any known.

Hr Henry Colman, Coniinissioner for (ho Agri-

nriil Survey of llie Slate of Miissachusclts, in

2d Report pp. t>l to 70, gives some further nc-
nt ul° lliis stock. But for u more full pedigree,

rente can be bad 16 the Herd Dook, kept by

Ja(|UOs.

South Dow.n SnErp.
t the same time will be sold, about twenty
South Doirn Rama and Ewes. The original
his slock WIS selected in England with great
They arc probably butter adapted, for all
ful purposes, to this country, than any other
p ever introduced ; and ore too well known to
d further remark.

From ihe .Albany Cullirator.

LONDON I.ACrARIES.
'o those unacquainted with this vast metropolis,
the almost incalculable amount of supplies the
iber of its inhabitants must necessarily require,
article of milk must not appear the least strik-

he writer of this little notics — an invalid,
ding an interval in the vicinity — is enabled to
the following description of Laycock's dairy
linglon, near London. The lactary covers a
e of sixteen acres, including the layers, grain
rick yardss &.c. It contains nine cow-houees,
about one hundred and forty feet in length,
wenlyfour feet broad ; either of these contains
r cows, ihirtytwo on a side. There are
falling pens, and an infirmary for such of them
ay happen to require temporary separation ;
D instances, however, considering the great
bei kept, and the artificial mode of treatment,
>ut rare, the writer being assured by the resi-
vcterinary surgeon, Mr Stavley, to whose po-
ess the former is indebted for his information,
nearly the only inconvenience felt is, that aris-
Vom lameness. The animals, all of the finest!
ription, are constantly kept in their houses I
day and night, in the summer season only be- I
urned out for a few hours daily into the layers.
3 are rarely kept here longer than twelve
hs, during which period they are regularly I
id, and what may appear extraordinary to those
ant of the management, the process of foiling
on with the milking; so that by the time they
me what is termed "dry," most of them arc fit
mithfield market, and but few of the number
lundred constantly kept,) require stalling after
criod of milking is at an end.
le writer has viewed several in an extraordi-
y high state of condition, (almost fit for a
itmas show,) at the time the Cambrian and Hi-
an women were sitting upon their stools, each
;ising, with inconceivable volubility her ver-
lar tongue, and "filling her milking pail."
lis number affords twelve hundred gallons of
per diem, upon the average: it is taken away
early hour of the morning and afternoon by
enders, who purchase here to retail in the mo-
llis.

he average worth of each cow is about It*/.,
h, assuming the number kept always to ave-

rage six luiiulrod. (tho ininimiini riillicr than oilier-
wise,) gives a capital of IO,!l(K)/. iilwnVH nlloat to
"lock this stiipcndoim dairy with cows only.

Their feed consists of grains, inangin wnrtzel,
iho Swedish turnip (llio latter in fatting,) ind hoy ;
at the rate of

1 huahel of grains ;
"J."; lbs of mangel wurtzel, or turnip ;
13 lbs. of hay,
lo each ; or

Kit) bushels of grains;
I.'i tons of wurtzel and turnip;
:i ()-28 tons of hay,
per day, to the total number.

The quantity of butter madn here is, for an ob-
vious reason small ; and rarely exceeds 100 lbs.
per week.

The number of pig? kept here is about 400, some
bred, others bought in, but all fatted here.

Forty horses are always required, and constantly
employed upon the dairy.

The layers are capable of receiving ItiOD head
of fat cattle, exclusive of sheep; and the overage
number for Smithficld market resting here weekly,
is 800 ; the charge of Inyerage being 3d. per head,
and fodder at the rale of lis. per 2.5 lbs. or truss.

Such is one of the London Lactaries: — there nre
many of iheni, some of larger, several of equal, and
a few of inferior extent.

From this brief description of one, however, some
idea may be formed of the consumption of this nu-
tritious article of our food, but which, nevertheltrss,
forms so inconsiderable a portion of it, called m\U.

J. R. ■ "

From tho Yankee F.irmer.

COUCH OR WITCH GRASS.

Mr Editok — I noticed in your paper of Novem-
ber 2.5th, No. 45, an e.\tract from the .Maine Par-
mer, informing farmers how to eradicate couch,
wilch grass, joint grass, or wild rye. It is aston-
ishing to sec how tenacious people are lo slight
the best blessings that Providence confers upon
them. Some time ago, within one or two years, I
wrote a long article fur the Yankee Farmer, ex-
plaining the superior properties and value of this
grass above all others. The sum of these good
qualities is, superior quality of the hay, and supe-
rior quantity.

The very things which are alleged against this
kind of grass, are the very things which will re-
commend it tn the favor of every one who wishes
to raise good hay, whenever its properties shall be
fully understood.

It is a great complaint that it cannot be gotten
out of the soil when once in. This is one of
the recommendations that it has, because the ex-
pense and risk of rc-sceding are avoided, which, on
an average are probably .50 per cent, to every far-
mer, taking into the amount tl'.e loss by drought and
frost, of all other grasses, neither of which ever de-
stroys witch-grass.

The only misfortune, and which creates all this
odium against this species of grass is, the want of
B proper knowledge of Ihe proper manner of culti-
vating witch-grass lands. If properly managed,
they would undoubtedly bo found most convenient
and profitable of any. I will remark here, that if
any other grass now known, should be treated with
the like abuse, not a spice of it would remain on
the earth. This one fact shows that this grass in
itself is superior to any other. I likewise remark

I thai, in rough lands, whore tho plow cannot bo
I freely used, it is not so cniivenicnt to cuhivale,
because it cannot be worked to so good advanlagn.
1 The way I propose to farmers l« cultivate where
I this grass abouiidn, is this; Whenever tno crop of
'gro-sH indicoles decay, as all grasses will in a few
years, turn Iho ground over and raise ono crop, and
then let the field go again lo mowing. And I pro.
pose this method : If corn is tn bo raisod, let the
land be, till it is timu lo plant. Then spread what
manure is to bo put into lliu land, and turn it over
with a broad, deep furrow, and plant the corn im-
mediately. The land will need no hoeing, as there
will be no weeds, nnd tho griiss will not be up so
as to injure the growth of the corn. Uy iho fall,
this grass will be np so us to make a good fall feed,
and next year it will bo fit for the scythe. If turn,
ed over thick, with tin even furrow, the rains and
frost will make it siilVicienlly muoolh for mowing.
The turf iieing turned under, an<l kept under, serves
to keep the ground moist and loose. So, if the
owner wishes for a crop of any kind of grain, turn
the ground over and sow the grain immediately.
The grass will not re-appear so as to injure Iho
crop, but will give a good fall feed, and be ready
for the scythe the following year.

To raise potatoes on turf land of this grass, drop
the potatoes in rows on tho grass, and cover them
by turning two back furrows upon each row. Then,
when the potatoes are gathered, break up and level
the ground, and it will be fit for mowing the next
season. And I remark, generally, that ground
once filled with this grass, never needs re-seeding.
It only wants to be loosened lo give the roots a
chance to firm and grow anew. No olher grass
can be renewed in this way ; but must be re-seed-
ed. This is a great saving to Ihe farmer, especial-
ly as h(^fl^^u;el loved from all the risk and loss
by droi^^^^Vrost, that is, the loss by drought-kill
and wintCT^^^ which losses are very great upon
all other kinds of grasses.

In the article alluded to, it is stated that the best
way to eradicate this grass, is to put in hogs, and
let them root it up and eat the roots, because they
are very fond of them. It is true that hogs arc
very fond of the roots of this grass, and will thrive
well on them. This is an additional proof of the
value and richness of this grass, and it is to be re-
gretted that the farmers have not as much sense
concerning this grass, as the hogs have. If they
had, they would be as careful to protect and keep
it, as the hogs are to uproot and eat it.

This grass will grow ond flourish well upon a
greater variety of soil than any oilier known grass,
and the hay, when made, requires but about two
thirds the barn room to house it. These advanta-
ges are worth something to the farmer.

Suppose the farmer wants a. crop of English tur-
nips. He may mow or turn in the crop of grass,
and then sow his turnips. The field will be fit to
mow the next season.

Lands that can be taken up and cropped once
and then returned to mowing the following year,
would be much more profitable to ihc farmer than
those which have tn be kept up for several years to
fit thein for reseeding.

Taking all these advantages into view which
this grass presents over all others, I do confidently
hope and believe that some few formers, at least,
will have enlerprisc enough to so far outrun these
vulgar prejudices against witch grass, as to give it
a full and fair trial. Philo.

Portland, Dec. 2, 1841.

198

NJ:W ENGLAND FARMER,

Dice, as, 1841

A.Nn HonriCULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOK, Wkdnesdat, Okcehber 22, 1841.

innrlyrs" blood in liis veins. His jialerniil ancestor, I ] Qf^f^ .rp AFFORD IT

Pioire Jay, was one ofthe lieroes of Rochelle, wliu pre-l „ „, .-

forring exile ami poverty ,o the loss of a good en/ Mr Thr,fty Why do n't you. neighbor Doli.tie, dit,

science, ^uated France forever On the n.-.tmal side, ""f, "'^''"" """ """"^"T "^ '"""' """ """"'" '"
„r.„ ,!„„ , , ■ ,■ > ■ , ticlds more, so as to make vour farm of eicrhtv uc

also, through two successive hiiUs, do wc trace him up .. . . . -^ ■»■"•"■ cigmy oc

10 the same strong slock — the simple, true-hearted, un- , ,

rompromlsing Huguenot ; and seldom, if evcr^ w« think, ,. _ ,.„, ,,,, ,. „, .,

didancestranicodjlou,morcpurdyoritron.ly. Oflris ' *' ^""f ' ^ '^' ^'^^"^'y^ "'" ''"'""•' <='

father and mother a so.„ewlia.g..n.l„r picture is dr,wn." •^"I J"" "-'""'o.h ends meet now, and if I should ,

iniiier ana moiiicr a somcwiial gi.nllc'r picture IS drtiwn. , . , ■

Thus far the reviewer; and he has illustrated .he point 't'T^r '"''".'''■ '"°'"'"' '""'"^« '""' '«''°^'
.... , . ' should only run into debt,

that we wish to make pronunenl, viz : thai in taking

the positiiin that " like produces like," wo arc to apply

illiot to the [jarenis only, but lo grand parents of seve-
ral gcneiations. And thus applying it, we phould ex.

ifr T. Are you suro that you should be the poor
for hiring two or three hundred dollars, and laying
ot2t in improving your lands P

Mr D. Why, certainly ; if I run in debt three hni

pe(t1h.itm(mi/(not all,) of the i.fl'spriligof a likely bull' j„j j„ii,.„ .:„., i ., , . . , „

' // " ,, •', ,, I drcd dollars, ain t 1 three hundred dollars the pocr

tliai havvcncd to come from nrdlnnrv nHfpnt«j_ ivfiiiM li#» ' .- .. . ~

cowfs instead of live, beside* your oxen ar

SALE OF CREAM POT STOCK. " ' ""' '

Our readers arc referred to the catalogue and pedigree

in this paper, for 7)ar(ici;/flr^ ill relation lo the aninmlB

to be sold ut llie Ten HiM Stock Farm, Charlcslovvn.
Wc are disposed to rrall particular attention to this

stock. Now when these animals are to he sold and

scattered through the community, their claims to pecu-
liar ex'-ell.nce and wcirlh should be fairly considered.

Out of what has the breed been formed and what are

its cliaracleristies.' An imported bull (Coolebs,) a no-
ble animal, and one nl the very best of our native cows,

are the p:ir> nl.« of this breed. Wlictlicr Coelebs was a

ihoToiiuh bred nnlirals or Yiot, (a point which is unset-

lied,) it in our judgment a rnalter of little moment.

That he was in himself an animal of lincommon beauty

and cxcelleniie, and that his descendants partook freely

of his exc'llence.'i, hiis been generally acknowledged,

and never, to our knowledge, doubted. This is all th.it

we care to khow. The cow O'roton, was a deep red ;

and was remnrkable for the quantity and richness of her

milk. These were the animals with which Col. Jaques
cominenceil the formation of an i^merican brerd.

The cours- adopted was wisely chosen for procuring
animals that Should combine the excellencies produced
by judicious breeding in England, artd an adaptation to
the climate and circumstances of this country. And
what has been the result .' What are the chiir.ncteristics
of Col. J. 's slock? This question wc must ans\.er very
cautiously, becauan our positive knowledge upon the
subject ts quile limited. Wd know of nn faots which
should r.iise a suspicion that thb Cream Pota are not ani-
mals of more than common worth. Moj^^|^k|iiis

we are able to call manv of thrm animals oj^^^^^Bnvrv I .-,.. . r- , , ~ ~ " — ' i„- .u ^ i ' .- '

and color "vIIi'iJWKk"", I " Samuel Jaqiies, making known his inteniion to 1 _ "°'''^ °' '^"'^ "P°" >""' ^our acres of meadow, an

that happened to come from ordinary parents, would he
but indiffcicnl animals. On the other hand, if the bull
were from a good stock, though not himself a remarka-
bly fine animal, we should expect from liim, in the ma-
jority of cases, fine calves.

Now, as Col. Jaquci began 12 or 15 years ago with
very fine animals, and as he lias used none but good pa-
rents in producing his present slock, our principles and
reasoning Tiring us necessarily to the conclusion, that
the animals he now offers for srilo must be very valua-
ble 10 such farmers as are extensively engaged in rnis-

fi.rit;

Mr T. No, not if you iiirvsUhe money where it wi
give you a greater interest than you pay.

Mr D. That 's true enough ; but if I ky it oul upa jj
that swamp or in I uyiiig manure, who is going to p»
mo interest upon it ?

Mr T. Yoor cows will.

Mr D. Cows pay me interest ! That's a good oni
How can cows pay mo interest .' I should like to knov

Mr T. Let u> look into this .matter a little. Yd

, ,, , ... . have to spend your whole time, summer and winter,

ing stock. Consequent y we hone lis sale will be well om„-j . r > , .

_,f__j J ...J ._ .^ ,_. ., . IJ- ""»""' »^'" oc wen attending to your farm and slock ; you have lo keep

atlended, and we trust that this first attempt to form a
distinct and valuable American breed, will receive in
the liberal prices bid, a fair lemuneration for ihe ex-
pense and skill bestowed.

To show ihe estimation in which Col. J. wa.-iiiold in
J8:)0, as a suitable person to manage a slock farm, we
copy the following :

" Boston, Kov. ]3(A, 1830

yoke of oxen and a horse ; and all that you can kee
besides is five cows ; — ain't it so ?

Jlfr n. Yes.

Mr T. Your cows give you 30 dollars income opiec
annually. Your oxen gain 10 dollars ingrowth. Tlii
is all the income you get from your slock, .ind you now
have to hire a man two months in the summer, whic
costs you, wages and board, $50. Supjiose then, now

" The undersignetl, Trustees of the Massachusetts So- """ 5""" should hire a <naii for seven months at f '-'0 pe
let)/ for Promoting .lirriculture, in relation to the letter """"''i '"eluding board ; suppose you allow ninety del

beauty of both form and color. That the'
and that ihe cream is converted into butter
mon ease, there can he no dmiut. Evidence of this has
repeatedly been giverl to the public. We have never
seen eljewhero so thick a coating of cream upon the
eurfjco of the milk ii a common milk-pan. as we v\'it
nessed in Col. J.'s milk room last winter. How his
cows compare with others in the quantity ofmilk yield-
ed, wo are unable to slate. He«aTls tlieni — we doubt
not correitly — good milkers as tn qifantity , but we pre-
sume that he would choose to make i-ichnesi rather than
guantity of milk, the test of excellence. Be this as it
may, the stock in its purity shoiild not be hist. If it be
preserved, we have strong faith that it will be found
valuable for the dairy and fur beef, and that it will in a
lew years be highly prized.

The present worth of this stock turns upon the ques-
tion whi;lher the animals generally possess a property
which the owner claims for " Don," viz that " helrans-
mits these properties to his descendanls." We believe
that in much of this stock tl o blood is so pure and so
well fixed thai the ehnncea for gelling otfupring like the
parents are nuirh greater than in ordinary cases. This
belief rests upon the principle that " like produces like."
A principle which is sound, though in its application
we must look not at the iuimodiate parents merely, but
must go buck lo grand parents and great grand parents.
Wc lat ;\y fiiind the principle recognized In a review of
the " Life and Writings of John Jay. " The writer says
" that the marked trails of Jay's character were early
developed, and came as much from nature as from culli-
vation. The lineago (rom which he sprang was like
himtelf. Through throe descending sircaras was there

■■■■gi- -Ipl, ^ " i.ttv Miii/ii tw

' establish a Slock Farm in ihe vicinily of Boston, and
with uncom- .• t... . , ^ , o.."

requesting of this board an opinion on ihe utility of such
a farm to the community, and their appiobation of him
as a suitable person to manage it, have considered the
subject, and unite in the opinion, that an eslablislimenl
of the kind would tend greatly to advance the leading
branch of New England husbandry. It is well known,
the nising of horses, neat cuttle, sheep and swine, has
been a favorite and successful pursuit of Col. Jaques for
many years, and tliat hehss an established reputation in
all parts of iho country as an inlclligeni and skiHful
breeder. His decided taste, his experience and enter-
prize, qualify him eminently to conduct a Stock Farm,
.on a liberal scale, beneficially to the country.

THOMAS L. WINTHROP,
WM. PRESCOTT,
E. irERSEY DERBY,
JOHN HEAllD, Jr.,
R. SULLIVAN,
P. C. BROOKS,
JOHN WELLES,
I. THOKNDIKE, Jr.,
JOHN C. CR.\y,
JAMES JACKSON.
Bf.hj. Gold, Recording See'ry.

LlEBiG'S CHEMISTRY— SECOND EDITION.

Wo are indebted to the publisher, Johi> Owen, Tan
bridge, for a copy <if the second An
Ibis inleresling work. This i

; that this allowed each year for two years, will reclaic
it. When thisis done, the meadow will yield you si
tons of good hay— enough to winter three cows, whij
now you do nut git from il more than cuough to wiflW
one ; and what you do gel is poor stuff. Here tlien yoi
gain by laying out 'M dollars a year for two years, an.J'
ten dollars a year extra for tools and work of oxen OH (
Ihe meadow, say in all 200 dollars; by laying out thi'
sum you gel enough more from your farm lo enable yoi
lo keep two cows. The interest on your money is j:
dollars — the interest on what you must lay out in pur
chasing the cows, three dollars The sum required U
cui and make the hay, above what you now expend, iii
six dollars : i<i all, your interest and increased aiHiua
expenses may be, say 30 dollars. This is no more lliar
ihu income from one cow — you will have then the in-
come from the other as clear profit. Your land, wfiichi
now is not worth more than 25 dollars an nure, will ill
once be worth 75 If you can only make both endu
meet now, I say you can 't afford to let that meadow andl
those fields remain in their present slate. The truth in
the ease is, Mr Uulitiie, that you are not rich enouirli to
afford Iho time that is wasted by keeping jusi flock
enough to keep you from attending to any thing *lsc il
the winter, and yel not enough lo keep you busily cmi ^
ployed. You are not rich enough to afford lo «|#nd onaf ^
hall a daf in going to market with 21) lb». of butlur,
whim you might so manage as to carry ami dispuse of

40. Many of the items of expense on the farm, as th^

lean edition of cost ef keeping team — the expenses of iiiarkeling-

ililion contains in addilion expen.eacf feeding the stock, &c. &e., are very fl

to wiiat 1, found in the first, upward, of thirty page, of f,„,„ i,oing in the direct ratio of the number of animal

notea and appendix.

kept. It ii those poor, therefore, who think Ihcy can '

vol,. \X. M>. -.'.I.

A X D II O R TI C U L T U R A L R E C I S T K R .

199

il 10 iniproru llii-ir rariiu— il i«i>ucli im-n who en
\Jf^rd to Itl them rein^iin oj theif iir«.

YA.NKEK kWR.MER.

\Vc nolKe ;n tho Inut nunil>cr of llio Yanl(*e F»tmiT,
hnl llmt p«pur ia In bi) niorgril in Ilia Mii««i>rliu>olt>
Plowman, edil»d bjr Win. Iluckminslor, K»q

■IIU.KMO.MK.TKICAI,
ItrpiirtrJ li.r IIif ,Vi'W Kntlnnrt Km
ll.t •<-i>f tlie rhnrmomeH'i at llie (ianleiior (he proprivtun | S » 10— Saxony, clean, — Bucn
I ilw New EngUnd Fftrnier, lUighditi^ M
lorlliO'iy OKpoaura, (orUi* neekentiing Dec. 19,

K(HiS, 16 n 3a.

WOOL. I>ul^. The viUic whi'rrni nl the place of «i-
poriiiliiiii khnll iKit exceed S els. per potind, free. All where-
of the Tuluo rxceoda ^cls. per p<iunil, 3'i per el. ad. TBI. ami
4 CIS per pound.

Some «alen of fleece huTo hecn made during Iho wc^k at a
rediiclion of from B lo lii iier com. on the prices ol. lamed 00
days Hince. Modcrole sales uf pulled without miKh yaria-
lions on recent prices.

rfime ot Satnny Fleeces, washed, lli. -13 a 50 c. — Amer-
ican full hlatNl,do 43 a 4r>--Do. 3-4 do40 a 4'J— Do. I 'J do
.V, a J-J — l-l and coininon do 30 a 33 — Siiivma Sheep,
hcd, -iO a 27— Do. unwashed, 10 a 14 — liengnsi do
Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
' . , , I Superfine Norlhern pulled Inmli 42- a 43 — INi>. I do. do. do.
in n aimaoi ,. .. 3g_y„ .^ ,!„ ^o do 25 a 30- No. 3 do do dii 18 a 20.

6,P.M.

1 Wind.

40

E.

46

E.

41)

N. E.

41

N. if.

30

N. K.

19

N. \V

24

N. W

VOINO .MAN ■\V.VKTED.

The advertiser wants a Pintirl and inlelti^cnfyoilng man
I upon a Farm, be will have opportunity In lie inslructed in
I the Nursery and (iardcniiiff busincis in all il* varieties ;
1 his opportunities for vahiahTe informaiinn. will lie of great
' service to himiif he is di5[lo^ed lo Irarn. The as;c noi lo ex-
ceed 1 6 years; he musl hring iiiulouhte I rocnnimciidalions lor
i integrity and pood nionils ; he will I.e wanted lur several

years. Inquire at the office of the N. E. Farmer.
' Ue» 8.

IKUillTON MARKET.— MoKliAi, Dec. 80, 1K41. I
RriMirled for the New Rnclind Farmer. j

At .M irket 77.5 Boel Cattle, 200 Stores, 2500" Sheep j
ul 411) Swine. I

riiicKS— Ht»f Ciitlle Wo quote first quality, $5 .'iO';

1. Seciind qunlilv, SI 50 a 5 00. 'Tliitd quality ,

»3 25 a 4 25. ' ■• ' I

tlarretling Cuttle. — We reduce our quotations. Mess
*0i). iN<.'. I, $:t 00. No. -i. $2,50.

.Slnrts., — Two year old ^7 a 15. Three year oldj ^M

Shrrp. — Sales quick, but no advance. We quetaiots
1 mi, SI 33. $1 ti2, $1 8.-*, S-' 00 and §'> 25.

Hieme. —One entire lot, 3 3-4 and 4 3 4. Selected
4s 4 and 5. At retail, from 4 1-2 to 6.

'NVII.LIS'S L.A.T&ST IMPROVED VEOBTABL.E:
CUTTER.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected ft it k /rrcal carc,weeA-li/.

SEEDS. Herds Grass, $3 01 to 3 23 perliushcl. Red Top,
to5i cents. Clover — Norlhern, 13c.— Southern, 12 to 13 c.
lax .Seed, SI it lo 1 S5 bu. Lucerne, 23 c per lb. Ga-
ry -Seed. S3 per bushel:

FI.OUR. Owinirto ihe continuance of bad weather, and
e slate of the market, the transactions of the week are of
rtle importance ;■ hold,>rs generally manifest more anxiety
■ realize ; and for«a-b on ihe spot some parcels have been
Id at an l-Shelnw rejularprices. Salesconsist of Gene-
ecoinmon brands *6 1-4, and small lots- 6 3 S ; fancy, tc
9; 200 bbls. Howard street. S6 44 a 6 50, 60 days and 4
osi 200 do. Philadcli hia, 86 2.5 cash; 100 do. do. S6 31,

; 200 do. Riohmnnrt. r, 25 cash, and 6 37, 60 days. The
aikel closes eiircmely. laii^id. .
Ballimore Howard Strert, 4 mos. cr. »6 50— do. wharf,

37— do. free.of i^rlic, »ti 30— Philadelphia do. 4 rocs!

50— Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 mos. 80 37— Alexandria,
Uarf moonuin, 86 37— Georgetown, 86 50 a 6 73— Rich-
ond Caoal, S6 37— do. City, 87 00 a 7 23- Pctersburgh,
-). siHe, 87 00 a 7 23— Geaesee, common, cash, 86 25—
K fancy brands^S6 50.

PROVISIO.NS. The sales of ilie week have been con-
led In a limited demand Irom the trade wLlhmit change
1 lorroer prices. Sab s L.aid.500 kegi at & 1-2 a 6 3 4 per

; and by auction, 230 kc?s Western, 6 a 6 l-4c., 4 mos.-
I d". do. 5 3-4 a 6c. per lb. cash.

Beet — Mess.;4 mo new bbl. 89 0 00 1 0 go— Na-/y— J9 50 a
00- No. 1 87 26 a 8 Ort— do Prime-t3 SO a 6 50r-Pork—
xtra clear, 4 mo bbl. 813— do Clear 8n— do Mess 83 so

9 50— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50— do .Mess from other Stales
) 23 a 9 50— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50— Clear 811 00 a 812 00
GRAIM. The market exhibits an umisuaj degree of dul

ss. owing to heavy slocks in the hands of regular dealers
id Ihe continued preskure in Ihe money market. A large
srliun of the arrivals during Ihe past week, have been
ored by first hands for the want of buyers. Sales consist
yellow flat Corn, common, 60 1-2 ; gtwid, 62 and do. eic-
mcaliiig. 64c. per bushel ; 2000 bushels .Northern round,
k:; and while, 60 a 61c. per bush; Oatj, Southern, 48 a
»c; .Norlhern, 49 a 5'c.

Com — Northern, bushel 66 to 67— Round Yellow 66

>uthern Flat Yellow 62 a 63 While do 61 — Uirley, 66

»8— Rye Northern 70 10 73— Gals — Southern 4S lo 60

orthem do. 49 10 50— lieaiis, per bushel 75 a 1 50.
jHAY, per ton, 820 to 2,-.- Eastern Screwed 817 to 19.

CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 5 to 8.

This macliiiie siirpas»»s all others for the purpose of cm
ling Kula Ibigay Mangel WuHzel, and other roots The
great objection lo oilier maabines, is their cutlii>g ihe roots
into slices, which maizes il almost impossible for the catllo
lo gel hold of ihem; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient for the cattle lo eat. It will cut with ease from
one to two InisheU of roots per minute.

. Forsal, by JOSEPH I5RECK & CO., M the- New Enj?
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 52 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

CRINOSTOiVES.

.An extensive assorlment^f Water and Hand Grindstorts
constantly on hand and for. sale by AMMI C. LOMBAMi
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. i.sly. Not. 17.

AGKIODLTTjRAI. IMPWSMEKTS, &o.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 62 North Market street,
would inform their customers and the public (generally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agri-
cultaial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators^
100 Greene's Straw Cutters.

50 Willis'

too Commnn

100 Willis'

Sbellers,

50 Common ■

do.
do. do.
Patent Corn

,. _ d« do.

2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegenijte Cutters
60 Common d<f. do..

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1 500 Duz- Seville Stones.
3000 '- Austin's Rifles.
Blarch 17.

100 do7. Oasri3leeI Shijvelg.
A6,

luO

Common
too " Spades.
600 " Grass Scythes.
300 " ntenl Snaiihs,
200 " Common do.
600 " Hay Kakcs.
200 " Glrdcn do.
200 " Mminre Forks.
300 " Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chaius.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do..
5U0 Tie up do„

50 doz. Halter do.
1000 yards Felice di>.

25 Grind Stones on toilers.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the pn>l vrar in Ihe
form and workiimnsbip o( these PImujIih ; ibe miiuld Im nrd
has been sn formed as to la<i fir turrmr rom/ilrlrltj orer.
luriu'n/r in rrrnj pnrlicle of grast or tlul-blr.nnd .ctring llic
pround in the brft possible maimer. The biiglh of the
mould board has bi n very much increaneH, >o Ihat the
Plough works with the grealest ease, both wiih respect to
Ihe holding and the team. The Cnmmitlee at Ihe Intc trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion he ask<*H as lowbich of the Plnui;ha
we should prefer for ose on a farm, we might |u'rhnp« saj to
the inquirer, if your land is innsiiy light and easy lo work,
try Prouiy & Mears, but if your land la heaty, hard orrocl.y,

BEGIN WITH M«. HoWAnO'S.''

At the >hove mcS1;oned 'trial Iho' Howard PK-ugh dU
more work, yritli the same povcr qf tenrn, than any other
plough ex/iihilril. Nu other turned more than twentyse.-cB
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while Ihe
Ifownrd Plough't'nmed licenhjnine and one half inches, to
the mins pr.rtcrof learn I All acknowledge ihal Iloward't
Ploughs arc much the siroiigest and iiiot.t siibstaiitially
made.

There has been quite an iiTiprovcmcALmacfe on the ahiie,
or loud side ol this Plough, which can "be renewed witlinut
having to furnish a new landside: ihis'shoe likewise seciiies
Ihe mould board and landside together, iHid sirenglhens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 loSlC. A Ploiirh,
sufficient for breaking up with four catib'. will cost about
S;o 50, and with culler Si, with wheel and cutler. 82 60
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sil*, wholesale and retail, at
ihe New EnL'land Agricultural Wa;"ehouse and Seed Stuie,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Sircet, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

Jus"
ng up

4P

p LWUIe.

TYE rP CIlAli*.

by Packet Co-amAflda, 500 Chains for lye-

Thcse chaiijs, introduced 1 > R. fWDEnav.Esq. of Salem,
and CbI- JACauEs, for the piirp se (it^ecnring talile lo th«
stall, are foiirtd lu be the safest and mnxi convenient mod*
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRBCK & CO., Nn. 62 North Market 54.

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo -re's. Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the time
of dnv in the garden or field. Price J5 cents. For sale by
J. lUiECK .* CO., No 51 and 52 Nor<b 3I»rke,V St.

Sept I.

liETAHrC LIME.

Farmers in want of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
fiml it grcally to their a<ivnotage lo Iry the. St. George Co'a.
L'&ang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over I he Hope Insurance Office, Stale Si., Boston.

Sept.. 6. 3m

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coroninnda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Track and leading Chains.
2U0 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
No. 62 NorlhJHarkct St. Aprilli

EDAIVND T. HASTINGS * CO.
Pare Siierm Oil.

No. 101 Stale Si, keep cnnstanlly for sale, Winter, Spring
ami Fall Sperm Oil, blenched and unbleached ; which ihey
warrant to be of the be^l quality and to bnru without
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

PENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or oth.-r pur|>oses. For sale by J. BRECK &.
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

•200

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

DEC. as, Ig41

MISCELLANEOUS

THE IIAI'PY.

BV J. M. II. DAVLEV.

The happy ! ihc happy ! and where arc ihcy—
Rolling along with the glad and e«y^
Is their ahode in the " lialls of stale,"
The col of the poor, or the dome of the great ?
Are they found in the priestly pile,
Pacing its *' consecrated" isle ?
May you behold them among the f»ir —
In the place of mirth, or the house of prayer —
Are the happy there ?

Do they rank with the heirs of fame,
The proud of heart, or the noble in name ?
Rush they on with the giddy throng.
Rant v.ilb the joys of the dance and song?
May they he traced to the convent wall,
Where Monk or Ahbot alike enthral ?
Is their walk in the rich parterre.
Amidst the (doom of the bright and rare '
Oh, no ! not there !

Dwell they in those spheres above,
*Mid beams of bliss and the light of love ''
Have they home in realms unseen,
Set in beauty and hung in sheen?
Is the throne of their seat forever given
In the cbryslal courts of a boundless heaven?
Claim I hey a place with " spirits," where
God is the glorious theme for prayer?
The happy are there .'

threading their way llirougli the green meadows — Building Horses. A wag observing^ a paii
look atall or any of the innuiT-crable, the sttipendous | migerably lean horses waiting to have their un i
and the ininiile phenomena of nature — look through \ standings secured by a few nails, stepped into
the telescope or llirougli the microscope — look , shop and gravely accosted the man with "Dc
with the eye of scicnca orof poetry, and you see i build horses, sir?" "Build horses I" excia; '
every where and every moment, not only the imme- the aeloniehed son of Vulcan, taking off his p
diate workings of a being almighty, nllwisc and cap and lengthening down his round good-nal '
omnipotent, bai failh/ul and true — keeping the i face — "build horoes, sir I what do you mo
covenant which he lins made with our fathers from I " Why," replied the wag, " I saw ii couple ofyVi »
generation to generation, and hen redeemed to us < stanJing at the door, and I thought I 'd just inqu
year by year and hour by hour in our life-long ex- 1 — Selected.
perience. — Unpublished MS. | ^_

Dr. Franklin's Toast. — Long after Gen. Wash-
ington's victories over the French and English had
made his name familiar over all Europe, Dr. Frank-
lin chanced to dine with the English and French
ambassadors, when, as nearly as I can recollect
the words, the following toasts were drank:

By tlie Brilisli Ambassador. England — The
sun, whose beams enlighten and f.-uctify the re-
motest corners of the earth.

The French Ambassador, glowing with national
pride, drank — " France — the moon, whose mild,
steady, and cheering rays arc the delight of all na-
tions ; consoling them in darkness, making the
dreariness beautiful."

Dr. Franklin then rose, and with his usual digni-
fied simplicity said, " Georixe fi'ushinf^lon — the
Joshua, who commanded the sun and moon to stand
still, and they obeyed him." — Anon.

GRKEK'S PATENT STRAW CVTTEB.

IMMORTALITY.

Mo3. SlOOURNEV.

A butterfly basked on a baby's grave,
Wheie a lily had chanced to grow.

Why art thou here wilh thy gaudy dye?

W here she of the bright and ilie spa.
Must sleep in the church-yard lo

a^P^e

Then it lightly soared thro' the sunny air,

And spoke from its shining track :
I was a worm, 'till I won my wings ;
\w\ she whom ihou rnourn'st like a seraph sings-

Would'st thou call the blest one back ?

NATURE'S TESTIMONY TO GOD'S TRUTH.

Every revolution of the seasons witnesseth to
God's truth. In his works and his word he estab-
lished them of old, and hung out the bow of pro-
mise llint so they should continue. And the sum-
mer cloud still wears that ancient emblem of his
faithfulness. Seed time and harvest, summer and
winter, day and night, still alternate in annual or
daily testimony that his word changtth not.

Trusting in God's voracity, however unconscious-
ly and undevoutly, yet really trusting in it, the hus-
bandman plowed the land and planted, and wailed "What's that horse out of?" said a fellow, with

his life, the life of all living things staked upon a view to quiz a farmer's boy, who was riding an

the faithfulnoss of Him who alone giveth the in- old horse, which showed less blood than bone.

Squash Bunnels They do have some strange

" fi.xins" in Texas. Only think of a lady with a
culinary vegetable on her head for a bonnet ! and
yet such is the fact. The Houston Telegraph says
that many of the western planters lately introduced
the culture of a species of squash that may be man-
ufactured into bonnets, and several of the western
ladies have already obtained beautiful bonnets from
this hithftrto despised vegetable. These bonnets
are formed from the fine glossy fibrous lining of
the interior surface of the squash, and are remarka-
ble for the strength, lightness and delicacy of the
texturo composing them. They are so tenacious
and flexible that they may be easily washed like
silk. It is said a milliner some time since, took
one of these to one of the oastorn cities of the Uni-
ted States, and it became quite an object of admi-
ration. Possibly in a few years (says the Tele-
graph,) these squash bonnets may become all the
fashion; and even the pumpkin heads of the PSorth
[hear the squash talk !] may be decked with squash-
es from Texas.

Out of?"

Yes, what's he out of — do you know ?"
Yes, I do." '

Well, what?"
Out of oats."

crease. And the pledge kept through six thou-
sand years, was a;,'ain redeemed. Day by day was
it redeemed again on and on ta its consummation.
The receding frost, the mellowing soil, the swell-
ing bud, the shooting blade, the opening flower,
tho ripening fruit, redsemod it. The genial sun,

the quickening showers and dew, day and night, • If men have been termed pilgrims,
revealed a God lltal fori;elteth not his word. And ' "' "'' "'"" "'" '""'

the earth has been covered all over, and the store-
houses of men are filled with the tokens of a faith-
ful God.

Look into the spangled heavens; look upon the
teeming land ; on the sea, keeping its bounds ;
upon the clouds gathering above ; on the streams

and life a
journey, then wo may add, that the Christian pil-
grimage far surpasses all others, in the following
important particulars : in the goodness of the road ;
in the beauty of the prospects; in tho excellence of
the company, and in the vast superiority of the ac-
commodation provided for tho Christian traveller,
when he has finished his course. — Lncon.

JOSEPH BRECK >k CO. at the New England A^
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. SI andri2Norlh
kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Ha
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principle not
applied to any implement for this purpose. The most
inenl effects of this application, and some of the conse
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a reduction of the quantum o( power rcq
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is suD
to work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has been cb
by any other machine even when worked by horse or
p<nvcr.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whic
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its conslructioo, made ai
together very strongly. It is ihcrofore not so hable
complicated machines in general use to get out of on*

APPLK PARBH8.

Just received at the New England Agricultural
house. No 51 and 62 North Market Street, a good sup-
Slanla/s Superior Apple Pavers, a very useful articlo.
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pai
a very short lime in the best possible manner, and will* i
saving of the apple, as the oulsides may be taken ofT
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N
WILLIS', No 45 North Market Street, SCUDLM'.K,
DIS & CO., and HOSMER & TAl'PAN, Milk .Sue.

Sept. 1 Gw JOSEPH BRECK & ■

GKINDSTOXBS, ON FRICTION ROI.I.RRI ,

Grindstones of different sizes hung lui
moved with a foot Ireader, is found to
menl on the present mode of hall^lll.'

ease with which they move upon the ruli^.i

very easy lo turn with the fool, by whitli lliu lulor
man is saved, and the person in the act of grindiii|| ^
govern the stone more to his mind by having the cot i
control of his work. Stones hung in this manner |4
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give d'
sal satisfaction. The rollers can be attached to sionetT-
in the common way.

Korsulc by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., No^
North Market Button. .lulj

NEW ENGLAND F A R M K K

A WEKKI.Y PAPRR.

The Editorial department of thia paper havin
into the hands (if tlio siibsrriber, he is now aul
by the publinhers to inform thi' public that thoT
tho paper is reduced. In future the terms will
per year in advance, <ir ;f2 .'ill U° not paid witliii
days. ALLEN PUT*

N. U. — Poatmostors arc pcrniilled by law (o
■iibscriptittns and rcniitluncea fur newspoperSi
expenso to subscribers.

TDTTLB AKD DKHRETT, FUINTBE9.

A N 1) II O R T I c; U I. T U II A I. K E G I S T E U .

rUUttSHKO BV JOSia>U BRECK & CO., NO. sa MOUTH MARKET STRIiblT, (Aoiicultuhal Wa««mou»«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, KDITOH.

"iSi

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVKNING, DECKMBKR 20, 1841.

CNO. Ml

FARMER

A LETTER FROM THE WEST.

IHT TRJkVELLINO O.t TnF. PRAIRIF, AND OTHF.R

MATTERS,
the E.<iior of the New Knqlaiul Farmer :
Ml woRTiiT Friend — No doubt llie recollection
n evening's rid'^ which you •nd I had together,
■inj my Iste visit nt Boston, is yet vived in your
^d. For our visit to tliat delightfully pleasant
ting place of tl'e dead, which docs hotior to the
ng, as well as to those who liavo Hkcn up their
il resting place in the groves of Mount Auburn
and the pleasant hour that we spent amid the
endor of the artificial paridisc which has been
ated by Mr CtsiiiKG — together with the hearty
1 enthusiastic welcome which we received from
t nobleman by nature, Mr Phinivky, have lefl
arcssions upon onr minds that a long series of
4r9 cannot efTace. ■ It was altogether one of
se delightful days that seem as though created
purpose to efface the recollection of many other
/s of misery from our minds.
You re iiemb>r that we were " thrown nff the
ck," by which wo were necessitated to take an
ning ride over ten miles of strange road during
lark evening. But how different night travelling
apon stich a road, from what it is upon a broad,
;\jllivated prairie, I will endeavor to illustrate by
description of an evening ride upon the night
t I reached my own humble, but happy home,
the 13th of November.

After a boister'Hi-s passage around the Northern
kes, during stinr.s of wind, snow and rain, and
oUL'h d.-iys anil nijihts of fog that prevented the !
joymenl that the picturesque scenery of these j
■jions alwiiys affurd during a summ'er passage, I t
ived at tlio nt;/ of Chicago on the I2th of No- !
Tiber, and hirdly waiting lor the boat to touch !
harf, I boiiiiiled upon the shore with all the
itticily that the prospect of reaching home by an •
tension of only 40 miles of my journey, and a ■
utiful sunny da;' — the first in two weeks — was
Iculated to inspire me with.
As there wa» no public conveyance to my place,
first effort was to seek a private one, which I
jnd a matter of some difficulty, as the late rains
d so affected the roads, or rather the soft prairie '
il which Fiirrour;ds this city, where roads will '
me day be constructed, that the usual abundance
farmers' wagons were not among the things seen. '
After an hour's tramp through the unpaved, but
•I unmuddy streets, I 8uc>:eeded in getting the
ges of pigs aed poultry, plows, forks, fruits and
robbery that had nccimulaied upon my hands by i
e liberality of nr.y agricultural friends, upon the ,
: WTigon of one of my niighbors, and succeeded j
bearing of another with a horse ti'am, who had ,
me ten miles nut that evening. But that difficul- 1
was soon oliviatod by the kind offer of the very i
jntlemanly editor nf the Chicago "Union Agri-
illurist," who sent hii) team to the hotel, witli di-
ctions to his man to take me out that evening ;
Qtil I overtook m^ friend's wagoo. I

Myself and a companion, with a heavy lot o'
; '•"ofl*"''' *'"' heavy roads, gave ine a much more
unpleasant ride than the ono which we had togrlhcr.
But a warm supper and warm welcome, ami a
sweet night's sleep, during which I dreamed of the
bright spots in niy late delightful tour, restored iiiu
to myself again, and with the sun, 1 set my face to-
ward that place, of all others in this world the most
enticing, to the fond husband and father.

My friend being persuaded that the drive could
be easily accomplished during the day, made some
delay, proving in the end that " delays are dange-
rous," for just before dark wc entered upon a prai-
rie that is about five uiiles across, without liabita.
tion, fence, or what you would cali a road. .As all
the " improvement" ever Uiade upon it was to
stick a row of stakes to guide the first wagons un-
til a track was made that could be followed after-
wards. But in this as in many of the paths tlirousli
life, the want of union, the want of thought or care
for those that come after us, or the disposition of
every one lo seek out a new and better route for
himself, had loft "the road" but a sorry blind man's
path. To add to the difficulty, the prairie had just
been burnt over, thereby destroying all contrast
between the white grass and black track which
travel makes upon our very black soil.

Hut, like the thoughtlessness of youth, or the
heedlessness of many of more adult age, who travel
the dark paths of life, we pressed forward while
there was yet ligh', without a thought of how soon
we should need more than a mortal eye^ to guide
us along our dark and gloomy path.

The stranger in this region, who upon his own
native mountains has often enjoyed the beauty of
the long lingering twilight of an autumn evening,
has often been surprised at the sudden transition
upon the prairie, from clear light to the darkness of
midnight. iSuch is the fact, and it came upon us on
this evening so suddenly, that we did not perceive
that the horses had left the track, until I observed
to the driver that either Iiim orlhowind had chang-
ed its course. For, guided by former well bought
experience, I had almost instinctively observed up-
on entering on the prairie, that the wind was di-
rectly in our faces, in order that we might, in the
absence of all other guides, steer our course by the
wind, for that is not mure changeable than many
of the guides through life that we are worit to steer
by.

The sharp ring of the midnight bell, strikes less
alarm to the ear of the denizen of some busy city,
when il announces that the devouring clement is
unchained, than did my words to the ears of my
companions.

" We 're hjst," is not the most pleasant sound to
men in our situation. And then too, just as I was I
anticipating that in a few minutes more I should
come in sight of the lights in my own house and
neighborhood, to be left in utter and impenetrable
oarkiicEs, was gloomy Indeed.

I caution those who would despair with such a
chilling prospect before them, not to emigrate to
the West ; at least, not until we, better pioneers

than they, have marked out better paths for thom
to follow.

When we found wc were where we know not
where, a council of — not war, but peace, was held
to contrive " ways and means" by which means we
could follow our ways in peace, — the only valuable
result of which was, a detcriiiinali.m lo go ahead
somewhere, which you will allow was o much wi.
ser conclusion than to go nowhere. The old man
who had been driving, also concluded to yield the
rcin.9 lo my govcirnment, while he footed it, in the
hope of putting his fool into the right track, which
he in a short time gaily shouted that he had done,
but in which opinion I was decidedly skeptical;
and after following il a mile or two, I bcca/no still
more decidedly certain that we should never reach
a happy termination of our journey, unless we
mended our ways.

.Although, east, west, north, and south, the cheer-
ful blaze of some distant prairie fire shot its red
rays up to the clouds, there v^a nothing to indicate
which way, north or south, or east or west, might
be. To steer by the Wind en!iroly, might be some
like my present writing — windy.

In vain did I search the hor!'.on to discover some
known object Ilow anxiously did 1 look for some
known star: — all were hid. No — there, is that a
star? If that twinkling little light closedown to
the ground was in any other direction, I should say
it was a candle, oi the bright and cheerful light of
son.e log cabin firr. It must be. At all eventa, il
seemed that our only chance to escape from the drea-
ry prospect of a night upon the prairie, was to steer
for that light.

But when a man undertakes to steer through the
world by the dim light of another, without any in-
nate principle to guide him, he will be let iti »*
great a unandary as we were, when in pm^ihffuvvr
some inequality of the ground, that lig'ht faded from
our view. But as if to prove that a greater and.
better light will always shine upon those who strive-
to guide themselves aright through life, just at this
time the clouds broke away and showed the North
Star.

I now begai: as the sailor would say, to work
up my (fcckon ■ g, and by drawing a map in my
mind of the vaiioiis coiir.'i'S that wc had travelled
sinne dark, and by the aid "fa match, aacertaining-
tlie time, I formed the opinion that I could steer
direct for home.

But there was one difficulty ; — there was a riv<^r
in the way, and it might not be so easy to find the
bridge ; yet, iff was right in my calculations, if"
I steered a certain course which [ was then able
to do by the wind, I should strike a road before I
did the river, and thereby save myself a duck, al-
though I could not help thinking thai I was a goosa
for being caught in such a scrape. But as the ro-
Bull proved, my companion! gave nie more credit
for being a (ox tlinn a goose. Certain it is, I
smell my way out of a more unpleasant situatiua
than I hope to get in again veiy soon.

But there was a blessing in store for me sufi^.
cient to repay all my toil and anxiety lo reach home.
A wife and children blooming in health, full of joy-

NiW ENGLAND FARMER,

^ niy return safe and well if ,(,ng Iheuu Uh [ : has been obviously very great How much longer
who would not travel in iail'.neas across the Ijitd.j it will continue its action, time alone can tell."

to meet siicli a ''«'=''jption. \ 1 would say to tlie writer of tljat article, that he

And now methinVs '. l,ear yon e-;^c'\a»m, Jttfler lia«- j speaks like a phjlosoplier ; for not only are his Bur-

tt Bropcd your W'"y lints lur I. ,tuugli my " uark- niises perfectly true as to tlie worth of the bones,

mes made visibl'e," -what has ^\\ ihig to do in the but his opinion as to the use t)f them also.

■vjlumns of 0.T1 agricultural r,iper ? | I gues8, Mr KJitor, without further commerrt or

True there is not much of the practice or theory 'bones of contention in the matter, you will take it

From the Maine Cultitator.

Bgric , u

returned safely to my own home, well pleased with
oil I have seen, and well satisfied to live upon our
fertile soil, and suffer many inconveniences that
the emigrant to the West must necessarily do ;
•till hoping with a fond hope that the time is not
far distant when such a fertile soil as now lies
waste before me, will be so improved, and thereby
be the means of improving many of my fellow crea-
tures, that if you should ever visit me, as I hopo
you may, you would find such a road as would not
■endanger you to the liability of losing yourself up-
on a Western prairie.

And now, to you, Mr Editor, and my excellent-
friend, the proprietor of your journal, and to my
numerous agricultural acquaintance wlw read your
pages, accept a most hearty " God speed the plow,"
from your western friend,

SOLON. ROBINSON.

Luke C. H., Indiana.

of farming here, hut t>,erc is amid the bushel of | for granted that no nation upon earth knows the
chaff perchance a groin of wheat, that some of i uses, qualities, virtues, and efficacy of bones better
yourreaders may fep.l some delight in sifting out, ! than the peoplu of Great Britain. Vou will allow,
as they sit of a Ion g winter evening, around some j also, that, althougli wo cannot give them credit as
cheerful hearth of my own iiotivo and still loved } being a lootli puking, we may without fear of con-
New Kugland, Tliey wiH learn something of j tradiclion, pronounce them a ione ;)ic/cing- . nation.
" life in the West ;" and from the hearty reception | Yes, and from all we read and hear, bones, and no
that I met with from a gnodly number of them, | bread, is the order of the day with them, (that is,
they wilt, I am sure, Irani with pleasure, that after for the poor.) You have not forgotten the four last
a iournev of some' five thousand miles, which I lines of .1 song the writer published some few years
made on purpose to witnes.9 the improving slate of back, touching tlie lilg Hugs and Hum B./g-a which
ulture in the United States, I have at length I so long governed that nation. The lines run thus :

"I 'm a Bull <.rili« Old British breed-
Like many, hud grown spnre and lankey,
As tlie Dig Bulls took all the best feed,
I chnngi'd from a Bull to a Yankee.''
"Them was my sentiments," and doubtless those
are liie senlimciits of a thousand others. But
enough of this ; let us leave these legions of bone
epicureans to pick their bones in sympathy and
quietness, while we look into the grand secret we
arc in quest of.

The secret, .Mr Editor, is, that there nre raor«
ways of using bones to profit and advantage, tnan
that of making sou;?, or even manuring the land
with them. Yes, I have known numbers who, at
one lime in their lives, lived upon picking of bones,
and afterwards got a fat living by bone picking (or
otherwise, bone fcoiiing-.) The fact is, merchants
of this description manage to erect a machine term-
ed a Jl^W, or Bone Smasher, wherein all bones, af-
ter going through the ceremony of soup making,
and being well picked by man and dog, arc gath-
ered up and sold by the bushel to those bone

CULTIVATION OF ROOTS.

.Vorridgetcock, Dec. G, 1&
MtssKS. Editors — Believing that the c>
lion of roots is the roof of all good farming, I
devote this communication to tliat subject. E
Marshal's return in this State, the produce of
was as follcJws :

JIai*

»i»li
I am

Wheat,

Rye,

Corn,

Oats,

Buckwheat,

Barley,

848,166 busheliii
137,941 "
9.')0,529
1,076,409 «
51, 54a
355,161

■Hie

smashers and boilers, who then pound and puKc- I i^re of turnips and top roots. If those who

BONEOLOGY !

The grand secret, Air the cat let out of the bag '.
To the Editor of the Karmers' Gazelle :

Sir The above caption will no doubt strike

you as singular, and at the sninc time cause you to
■wonder, in the name of type, pens, ink and paper,
to what purport could such a text be converted, to
make it worthy of a space in your paper. I would
only say, Mr Editor, by the way of prelude, that as
it is nothing new for banks to make large capitals

from nothing make nutmegs from wood — cheese I mors for manure, at an enormous profit !

from clay— honey from treacle — bear's grease I There's the secret, Mr Editor, and 1
from hog's flesh— and a thousand other f/ce/eras ] Wliat think you ? Have 1 not convinced yourself
moulded from the same lilllc word, [will try my | and readers, ihat I have /)on*(/ and rnanufacturrd
hand for once, to sec whether I cannot produce 1 something out of wliat they supposed to be nothing.^
something out of that which many persons in this ' I guess I h:ive. Have 1 not also shown them that

3,419,748

Potatoes, 10^02,380 — more than three
for every bushel of grain grown in the State.
valuing wheat at Ss., rye, corn and barley
oats and buckwheat at 2s., the grain crop ami
to $2,469,29-2. The potatoes at 1». Q>d. amoti J'
$2,.'>75,59.5. I am for the present willing toi
the value of the potato crop, (what I candidi
lieveittobe) worth, for sustaining animal
equally as much as every bushel of grain rais
tlie Slate. I have no doubt this view of the
ject will appear startling to some of your rei |
The truth is, what comes to us with great ce l|
ty and from very ordinary means, attracts .
less attention, than that which is uncertain an ,
quires our utmost skill Jind. perseverance, and
not always to be had.

We talk and write, and labor and empla;
best skill and means to grow corn and whea(l
\ our siircess or want of it, are fruitful subje^
contemplation for the year; whilst by stlckij
our potatoes any where and almost any how,
England is, as it were, annually saved from sta
lion. I am aware that agricultural papers
been much occupied for several years on the

rize them into small powder ; after which they are
transplanted into an enormous lur;re kettle and
boiled until every partii-le of fat and marrow is
extracted. It is then carefully skimmed into bar-
rels or hogsheads, placed there for that purposo,
until full ; then headed up and exported to some
foreign market, as genuine first rate Russian tallow !
The drogs arc with avidity bought up by the far-

no tnistake.

country suppose to be nothing

You of course are aware, sir, that yoiif useful

they may make better use of their hones at home
tlian they can by sending them abroad ? And have

little paper of Nov. 26, contains an article quoted I "ol given them the ide,., (that is, 1 they did not
^om the AV« England Fanner, headed ■■ Bone Ma know it before,; that they can as well erect bone
nure-Some Mistake." The art.cio in qoeslion P'X-d"". '""l^" f'l"-. ""''«»''« l''", "f^es for their

acquaints its readers, thot wilhiii the last twelve
months, 500 Ions of bones were purchased by [of]
a Mr Ward, ujid sent to Eng4.ind, and that the same
ship came b.i«k for another cargo! Then the wri-
ter makes the following comment: "These facts
show that there is more worth in the bones than we
in this vicinity attach to them. Our own observa-
tions as to the action of bones iipoii dry soils, give
us a highly favorable opinion of ils permanent effi-
cacy. In the third and fourth ycur after its appli-
colion, its effect in promoting the growth of grass

own land, ns well as for llieir neighbors acr
the wotcr ? It I have convinced them on that
head, and that they arc satisfied, and will keep
their hones at home, why, so is

Your bone, sinew, and miiscU friend,

WM. GOODWIN.

The Ornpe Fine. — Five millions of acres are de-
voted to the cultivation of the vino in France. The
value of the annual crop is oslimated at 500,000,000
francs, or about a million dollars.

running mad on this subject will hold still a ml
I will tell Ihein what I know about it. Pro!
no man in this section has grown as many ruti
tigs within eight years as I have, and I tli
shall substitute the potato for it, alniosl whol
a field crop. .My reasons are as follows : Oui
mate is not so well adapted to its culture as .
more humid one of England. The plant.-; nre
liable to be injured by flies and grasshopprrs.
weeding, transplanting to fill vacant places^
the thinning out the plants, require more care
one man in ten will devote to the subject.

Not being as valuable us potatoes, more ci
room is required for the requisite quantity. 1
are loo offensive to the olfactories to occupy a
lar over which human beings dwell.

True, they are a fine article for all kind
stock, and store hogs will do tolerably well on li
either raw or boiled. If cooked, it must be d
away from the dwelling, for the effluvia is \
offensive. They keep badly the second sea*
and are not worth half as much as potatoes, if k'

I have tried the winter radish, mangel wurt
sugar beet, blood beet and common carrot 0
small scale. Those who choose can try them
a large one, and i( they gel rich by it, we Yank
will always stand ready to follow.

I have nol tried the while carrot, although Ih
seen some very large ones. They appear coa
and will require cutting for cattle or sheep. T^

>l,. XX. mo. H'

AND H 0 R T I 0 n L T IT u Z_

A L ii K G 1 .S r !•: |{

«%i> liiirn cellars und suitable tillngc nnd

to Willi own tlieir hands only, may frcncrally
II in raitiiii<; tnrnipa for stock, but I ttiink I
low tlioin a better way.
all aoiU except those which aro so roti^h and

to require fall plowing and the niellowin<;
ICO of peas, peas and uats, or buckwheat, po-
or corn should in general be the first crop
itation, irhcro the uso of manures makes a

the process. Of nil tiiu modes I have tried,
:r on a fresh sod or stubble, that of spreadinj,''
ig manure in May, and turning uiidor, has

best, both on account of labor and cnip.

produces more advantage on some lands
some seasons than others. This season, on i
d, two bushels of plaster increased llx! crop '

ro bushels per acre, or about seventeen per

thin^ which most astonishes me in relation
mojt important of all crops, is, tlint our far-
ko so little pains ns to the variety they plant,
ffcrciicc on the same ti_eld, of equally fine
otatocs, is more than four to one. Tho blue
0 "Christie," from Aroostook; the " Round
from New Brunswick, " the flesh colored,"
orcester, are three to two compared with
;nani;o€s or common yellow — more prolific
far-famed Rohan, and equally so with the
Reds, nnd far superior to any of the
the Chenangoes excepted.
Dry prolific potato usually has a strong;
ot attaching it to the top — pulls up by it,
rfty per cent, cheaper dug, than shy bea-
'onr stalks in a hill arc enough for me ;
ho plant whole, large potatoes, mar/ get a
rop, but I doubt it.

e lately seen some very fine calculations
irofils of the potato crop — and among other
six hundred bushels stated as the quantity
ught to be grown to the acre. All this
ell on paper, and for ought I know may be
d on some other soils than we possess in
et

ijr farm, I would not grow 600 bushels to
if I could — I am sure the policy would be
le. Notwithstanding I am as sensible as
can be, that we spread our means usually
much surface ; still I believe the opposite
is only applicable to cultivation in the vi-
fcities where hoed crops form-the principal

:oiintry and market such as is most of our
0 one crop in a rotation should be forced to
ry or neglect of others. In preparing for
and corn crop, I have my calculations on
>n of four or six years — one hoed crop —
eat or barley — then two or four years to

d has not been sapped, ten or twelve cords
manure from the barn-yard, spread on the

ward in May ; say from the tenth day, for-

■ the acre, is the proper quantity for the
farmer, because it will give him, on an ave-
properly planted and tille>l, between two

'6 hundred bushels. The next year he will

tier wheat than if he used 3o or 30 cords ;
uccceding years as much grass as will be

jfilable, as regards firmness and sweetness.

r next I will speak of the method of plant-
cultivating which has proved most success-
Your ob't serv't,

JAMES BATES.

t AltKOT r\iov.
'I'hu Ijt'.nesi'o Knriuor contiiins llio following n£.
couut of a crop of carrots raised by a Mr 8h.i(ror,
I which reached t>.'>:l I -'J bushels por aero :

j Tho soil on which I ralsfd my carrots, is a blaclk
heavy loam ; ((ient-sco Klnts,) not liable to suffer
J much from drought or pxcnssivo moisture. Tho
, provioim crop was potatoes. Twentyfive loads of
' well rotted mnnuro were applied per ncro, and
I plowed under in th« fall. It was then loft till
ihe time of planting — 20lh of .May ; I then com-
mence nnd plough a narrow land on one side of
tho field — this I harrow nnd roll immedintcly, be-
fore it becomes ilry, which leaves tho surface fine
and smooth for planting. I then mark out the
rows, two feet apart, with nn implement made fiir
the purpose, resembling a hcnvy rnfcc with two pegs
or teeth two feet apart, which is drawn across tha
field by a man, first putting up three or four stakes
to measure with and go by, so as to make the rowa
straight.

1 soak the seed 48 hours, then roll it in white
plaster before sowing. Two pounds of clean
seed arc requisite for lyi acre. I measure ofi" the
ground and ascertain how many rows there will be,
before I commence sowing ; then I mensurc the
seed nnd calculate the quantity per row ; then a
boy drops the seed by hand along the drills, calcu-
lating the requisite quantity for each row. .Anoth-
er person immediately passes along with a hoe and
covers the seed one half to three fourths of an inch
deep, with fine earth, smoothing it down firmly
with the back of the hoe, which leaves the rows
distinctly visible and greatly facilitates the first
weeding.

As soon as the plants show the third leaf, I hoe
and thin them, leaving them from 3 to 0 inches
apart. I keep them clean of Avecds during the
summer, and -about the 1st of November T harvest
the crop ; dig them with a spade and put them in
a cellar.

TJie following is, ns nearly as I can estimate,
the expense of raising and value of my crop, of
one acre of carrots :

Preparing the land and planting, 5 days work.
Hoeing and thinning, 1st time, !) do.

2d

3(1

4lh,
Digging and securing crop.

Say 48 days labor, at 75 cts. per day, .S30 00
Two pounds clean carrot seed, 3 00

Expense of crop, $33 00

I feed my carrots to horses, and consider them

worth at least half as much as ont-s.

Say 653 1-2 bushels at 1*. 3d. $102 10

Value of the tops for fall feeding, at least 10 00

SIIEKK
Jnflutncc 0 ^"H'l'iHon on form i

6

do.

6

do.

4

do.

0

do.

Total value of crop,
Deduct expense, as above.

S1I2 10
3.-i 00

Nett profit of the crop, $09 10

GEO. SHAFFER.

fPheailaiul, Monroe Co., A". Y.

Remarkt. — Our readers will perceive that Mr
Shafl^er has omitted to reckon the rent of the land
and the value of the manure used for the above
crop. These items we should judge, would reduce
the nett profit to about sixtyfive dollars — a liberal
sum for one acre Eds. Gen. Far.

1 • ., - ■ 'I iltt/innUioa

VoMcV'""" "1". '^•'^P''. to a great exlonl, tho form
and dispo. ■'"<"' "•" ""« ""'mil. .Such chnngm may
be brought ».'''p"l "''''""■ '•y "'« P'oiily, or scnrce-
nvtm, of fhd i/ •'fbagn ; or by the nature of the
I country on which I'ml hcr/'ngo i» produced. Ar>i.
ninlH found on hilly couiilrK*». are always widely
I dilTerent from tlmsc oi'" thepluWin. Their bodies
are light, their loj;s long, """I lliei.' habits of that
unquiet kind which rundoi " Uiom .'lostile to any
thing like restraint. It is fo.' these rea«ons, that
when once; a flock nttnchcs iticlf to n range of
hills, and becomes suited to the /ncans of subais-
tonce, It mny preserve itself for ages apart (rem
neighboring varieties, and present, after a long ae.
rics of years, those qualities in their native purity
for whirh it was noted by the earliest observers,
The sheep of a level country are distinguished, on
the contrary, by heavy bodies, shoU legs, nnd easf
tempers. -They are, in fact, constructed on Dutch
proportions, and are imbued, as a natural conse-
quence, with those imperturbable and steady going
habits so characteristic of the ' bulbous bottomed
Hollander. Subdued as they are by the nature of
their locality, they readily snbinit to man, who tu-
tors them at will, and works on them those profita-
ble changes from which have originated our im-
proved varieties. — Btacklock'i Treatise.

Familiar Acquaintances. — Of all vistors in the
editorial room, we should think that our contempo-
rary of the Concordia Intelligencer eiiji yed some
of the HROSt insinuating in manners. Ho says : —
" Louisiana is a delightful country, but very snaky.
Our office and sleeping room are so near to, that
they may be said to be inside of a cotton field.
Every night on going to rest we have to shake the
snakes out of bed ; we consider it amusement to
kill three or four before getting to sleep. What
makes us write about snakes is, that we have just
been disturbed by a long garter crawling over the
table, making rather free with our newspapers I"

Croup.-^^.\n old subscriber callctl Upon us yeS'-
terdny, and informed us that, by the publication in
our columns a few daye since, of a very simple
and easily attainable remedy for tho croup, we had
heen instrunicntnl in saving Ihe life of an infant of
his, on Sunday night. The ingrudients are sliced
onions, nnd sugar layed on the slices in layers —
the syrup being administered. He wishes us to
" keep it before the people," as a sovereign nnd aU
most instantaneous remedy. — AC Y. Sun.

A party of Etiglish [Jeoplc were visiting an ele-
gant private garden at Palermo, in Sicily, and.
among the little orftamental buildings, they cam*
to one upon which was written, " JVon aprite"
— that is, " Dont open." This prohibition only
served to excite their curiosity, nnd they very un-
civilly proceeded to disobey the; hospitable owner"*
injunction. On opening the door a forcible jet of
water was squirted full in their faces — a very just,
though not severe retribution. — Selected.

There is nothing formidable about deatf. but the
consequences of it, and these we (jurselves can
regulate and control. The shortest life is long
enough if it lead to a better, and the longest life,
too short if it do not. — Lacon.

i>04

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

SOWINC CLOVER SEED.

We are gratified to lenrn llmt the sales of clo-
ver seed in this rnarl;rt have i;reat!y ii: reaaed
williin the Insl three or four years — and "e trust
lhey have done so elsoivhere — because »c are
taught to believe from this singfle fact, that the
spirit (jf njricliltural improvement has taken the
prnper direction. With the aid of clover, plaisler
and lime, if these friictifyinj agents iverc properly
used, "c arc conlident that all the old worn out
fields of the old Slates may be brought up to a
atate. (if profitable fertility, whilst those of the new
ones may be prcservid from deterioration. Where
grounds have become so far c.\hausted as to be in-
adequate to tl>e production and sustenance of a
^ood crop of clover, they may be very readily so
faf restored, by turning in two successive crops of
buckwlieiit or outs, which may be raised in one
season, as to enable them to do so, provided a
bushel of plaister to the acre bo sown thereon at
the time of sowing the buckwheat or oats. The
proper time fur plowing in either of these grains,
j« when they are just in flower, and before the for-
mation of the kernels. At the time of being plow-
ed in, a roller should precrd' the plow, to compress
the herbage, and lliiis enable tiie' plowman to turn
the whole well in. After tlie plowman shall have
done his work, a careful hand or two should go
over the field with a wooden spado or some other
Euit.ible instrument in hand, to shove in and cover
whatever of the vegetable matter that may have
escaped being turned under by the plow. This
done, a roller must be passed over the field, in the
same dir<^ction that it may have been plowed, to
consolidate the earth, and thus promote the decom-
position of the vegetable coating turned under. In
two weeks aRer the second crop shall have been
plowed under, it will be found that the putrefactive
pruccss will have been sufficionlly carried on to
justify the solving of the grain. As soon ns the
grain is sowed, let about from ^5 to ^40 bushels of
lime to the acre be sown tiiereon. adid finish by
rolling. In the spring, as sot a aa^the frost is out
of the ground, and the earth sufficiently dry to al-
low of the operation, clover seed, al the rate of 12
to 10 lis. to the acre, should be sown thereon and
harrowed in with a light harrow ; and that opera-
tion should bo followed by the roller. No fears
need be entertained of iiiji\ring the crop of grain
by drawing the roots out with the harrow to perish ;
fur nearly all will be restored by the roller, and
the impetus fur tillering that will be imparted by
the working which tho grain will thus receive, will
more than make up lor any loss which may be sus-
tained by the dragging up of the plants ; so that
"ivliile the grain itself will derive a positive advan-
tage from the cultivation, certainty is ensured, by
jli e coveiing of the clover seed, to its vegetation.

\Vc have always thought, and all our experience
goes .V> cvmfirm our opinion, that many of the fail-
ures in Uic setting of clover, arises from the circum-
stance of casting ilie seed upon the earth without
covcin", 11'' relying upon the cracks and crannies
left by the frost to perform the rest of the work.
It stands Lo reason, that if seeds, so delicate as
are clover, be sown upon a hard baked surface, ns
is most generally the case, a very large percentage
of iheinliiust perish, for want of an earthy covering
to protect them from tho influence of sun and air.
Moisture, heat and air, we all know nrn essential
in the germination of all kinds of seeds, and though
these may sometimes he found on a surface par-
tially bare, yet the surest way to succeed, is by

placing such as w&jnay commit to the earth, in
such a position as will secure to them the full bene-
fit of these advantages. By harrowing winter grain
in the spring, the pores of tho earth are opened
favorably to the admission of sun and air, and we
thus place it in a condition to derive the greatest
amount of good from the genial inlluence of the
spring rains. Let us view the subject as we may —
and we have thought often upon it, and had some
little experience — we have come to this conclusion,
tint, whether it be the intention ot a farmer to sow
clover seed or not, all autumn sown grain would
derive very material benefit from spring harrowing
and rolling. — .^marican Far.

[a book, of their ingoings and outgoing.';, .in
I are the persons who often complain of " a ..
'the purse," and yet they are not curelul to hay*
repaired in due season.

From the Farmers Cabinet.

CASH BOOK.
.1 little care prevents much trouble and cost.
It is a very easy and simple affair to keep a cash
book, and yet how few farmers do it. Any person
who can write, can keep a book of this description,
and many advantages accrue from it. On one page
of your cash book s-^t down every thing sold, and
the sum received for it. On' the other side put
down all your outgoings and expenditures ; and
when it is begun, if the amount of cash on hand is
put at the top of the column of receipts, at any
time by adding up the two pages and taking the
difference of them, will show the balance of cash
you should have in hand ; and if there is any disa-
greement, there must be some error of entry, or
there must be " a hole in the purse." A book of
this kind accurately kept, would show at the end
of the year, or any other time, the amount of wheat,
corn, potatoes, butter, poultry, eggs, or any other
articles sold, and the sum received for them. It
would do more: it would show your outlayings for
slock, seeds, implements of husbandry, repairs,
clothing, tea, coffee, sugar, salt, &c. &,c., and also
for wages, and would present a very curious docii-
ment for family examination at the end of a twelve-
month ; and if there should be found to be "a hole
in the purse," it would indicate the spot where re-
pairs would be most necessary.

A farmer kr.'fping a book of entries of tliis de-
scription, would always know his latitude and lon-
gitude, as a captain of a ship does when on the
ocean, and he would he less likily to run on the
shoals, or get among the breakers. As it is not
very usual for farmers to take receipts when money
is paid on ordinary occasions, and not in very large
sums, and as the memories of many people r.re
very frail, such a book of entries as has been re-
ferred to, would be of essential service oa a record
of payment, when no other evidence of it existi.d,
and might prevent litigation and trouble in case of
the decease of one or both of the parties. On the
death of the head of a family who has kept no regu-
i lar record of his receipts and payments, much dilli-
I cully, and sometimes heavy losses have occurred,
besides a great deal of trouble and anxiety to thnse
who were obliged to grope in the dark in settling
his estate.

It is well that very many worthy, intelligent far-
mers are careful to preserve an accurate statement
of all their wordly concerns, duly arranged in pro-
per form, and such rarely find " a hole in the purse."
But there are many others who wmild at once
plead guilty, or if they did not, could readily bo
convicted on responsible testimony, of totally neg-
lecting to keep any intelligible series of entries in

MASS. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. •
Report on Orchards. 'i

.\l a meeting of the Board of Trustees of J
Massachusetts Society for Promoting .AgricultB
held at the Secretary's office, Dec. 1(), 1841 — •
Mr Welles, the Chairman of the Committee j
awarding the premium for the best orchard, tnif
report, and the premium of fifty dollars, was bj*
awarded to Capl. George Randall, of New Bedfc'
which report was accepted, with the request tl
the Committee would publish their report, "ith
much of the communication of Mr Randall e= th
judgment should direct.

A copy from the record,

BENJ. GUILD, Rec. S Vj, •

REPORT.

The Committee appointed by the Trusti l
Society for the I'romiilion of Agriculture in i^^
sathusetts, C(msisting of Messrs. Welles, Pre
Phinney, Codmaii and Q,uincy, having, by
Cliairiuan, examined the orchard of Capt. G
Randall, report —

'J'hat it appears said orchard was set O'
April, ISit/. Its extent was about 3 1-2 acres.
soil was good, but ralher light, and was in a
state of preparation for the trees. The groun
been since annually cultivated for a crop ; the I
fit of which, bolh in the thrift and production
orchard, seems generally agreed in. The nu
of trees was 212: their distance apart, 25
There was a doubt with the Coiniiiittcc wbl
the distance might not have been advantage*
enlarged even to 35 or 40 feel. In four years,
had acquired, several of them, near the roots, i
ihirlcen inches in circumference, and at three
above the ground, eleven inches by measure!
.Many of the trees had extended in the gIO^
the limbs during the past season, from 15 to n
30 inches.

Mr Randall's communication contains
count of a wash of oil soap, &,c. which has
used by him on the trees in this orchard, sinci
were set out. If this application should opori
prevent the ravages of the borer, it wili be of|
important utility, as this depredator, with theci
worm, seem to threaten the very existence oi
orchards. All which is well and fully set foi
the comiiHinicalion above alluded to, which
comiiiiUee recommend should bo forthwith
lished. And the committee further recomi
that the premium ef Fifty Dollars bo awardel
paid to Capt. George Randall, for the best ore

All which is respectfully eubmitted by on"
the Comniiltee, JOHN WELLEI

Chairm

.Yew Bedford, I7th .'iii/r., 16
To Benj. Gt'ii.n, Esq., Boston : — Hir — I hd
young apple orchard in the town of Rochl
Plymouth county, M.-iss., and ten miles frod
place, which I wish to offer for a preiniumj
do, by this tetter, offer, or apply for the premiu^
the best orchard in the Commonwealth, tb^
been planted out Jour years from the nurserji
Respectfully, your ob't serv't,

GEORGE RANDALL

XX. NO. un.

AND H O li r I C U L T U RAL K E Ci I S T E k

205

g:

I'lu' N> liiwing coiii|icii>ei Mr IvniiilaU'd UDuful ob-
A'Dlioiid :

The extent of the orchard, 3 I -'J acres ; the iiuni'
of trees, ^I'i ; tlisir distance apart, 'J.'i IVct :
njmcs of the apples or varieties, 57 — as fnl-
B : MelaCarla; Fliiiiiiing Spitzcnbcrg ; Lndy ;
tur ; English 11 iisset ; Knight's Pippin ; Criuvs
,. . I'uinwater Sweeting ; Hod and (irecn Sum-
rl'oarcnain; I'ear Apple; Anmry ; Rod Doctor ;
gglou' Sweeting ; French Nonpareil ; Peck's
:isant ; Uravcnstein ; Black (Jelly (lower ; Daw-
i; H) re ; Coney; Prince's Harriet: Summer
isol ; Orang* Sweeting; R. I. Greening; Sj-
iiir Sweeting (from the garden ot" the Hon. Jus.
^V.ille, Bristol, R. I.); .Esopus Spitzcnberg;
e Pi'urmain ; Mawney Sweeting ; Newton
lzonbcrg;.No Core; Vellow Bellrtower ; 'I'ewks-
y Winter Blush ; Wurner, (from Canaan, N Y.) ;
iiiiai-r Circeniug ; Codling; Porter; Roxbury
s$ct ; Marigold ; llubbardslon's Nonsuch ; Coop-
; Sock-notartlicr ; Summer Sour ; Ben ; John
lodwiu ; Green Newton Pippin ; Pennock Red
inter; Summer Rose ; Catlin; Baldwin; Fall
rine ; Belltlower; Winter Swetting ; Honey
ining ; Lilv Pippin ; Early Sweet Bougb ; None-
:h. " '

Tientment.

Till} ground has been planted to roots, every
nr since, and including, lS-37, viz: to potatoes, |
rrots, ruta baga, sugar beets and mangel wurlzcl. ',
The manures used, have been common stable;
mpust of stable, loam and swamp mud ; lime com-
t, sificnt nslies, plaster, and a small quantity of
tpilro. ',

The trunks and lower limbs of the trees have [
an well trashed with oil soap, sand ond water,
ery spring and fall since they wer« planted out;
er which a coat of oil soap has been put on with
aimer's brush. The oil soap is made by refining
d. bleaching sperm oil, and is composed of from
1-3 to ^5 per cent, potash, and the balance
erm oil and impurities from the oil.
The first pruning was done the first of May last
at ; at which tiinc every tree had tho earth re-
vived from around it, to examine for borers, not
« tree was found to contain a burer, or any indi-
tioQ of one.
The soil, a sandy-giatrelly loam, and naturally

|:ht.

Observnlions.

I have noticed that shallow planting with all
;e3 succeeds much the best, and can, I think, be

counted for pliilosupliically. 'i he roots are luxu-
iiting in a good soil, and are more immediately
ider solar influence.

My mode nf planting is as follows: — The muti-
ted roots of each tree are carefully cut off smooth ;
■en the small fibrous ones, and engrafting salve
It over large cuts. Tho roots are immersed in
aler for above one half hour before pl.mting,
ereby inducing the mould or loam to become at.
ched to them. The hole to be dug sulficitntly
rge 81) that every root may extend without bend-
ig or being crampc). I put nothing around the
lots but surface earth, and that carefully worked
I by hind, each root and fibre thus laying horizon,
lly and naturally. I use no manure in setting,
ine bushel of fine stable manure was put round
toch tree the first of November, and repeated for
Wo year*.

' I prefer rniHing tho earth around trees when first
planted, above the common level, and thereby give
llioiii firroiu's.x, than to plant deep, placing n tree
ili-epi'r llinn it originally i-tocd, with no prosprcl
of finding the surface earth, thus bixomiiig n moss
^ covered and (tinted tree, whoio rooLs have been
seaiching a cold and uncongenial soil, with little
or nothing to givu tlioiii vitality.

As to ilie time for planting, from the little expe-
nenco I have had, I much prefer the spring of the
year.

Much has been said and written in favor of au-
tumnal planting. It may be that English autlmrH
have done much to encourage this opinion. In Old
England I should expect them to succeed well in
full planting : they have but a fow degrees of fiost
compared with New England.

In answer to your inquiries as to tho oil soap, I
say that from 8 to 10 lbs. of oil soap are put into a
common pail, we put on a sufficient quantity of
warm water, so that when commingled with the
soap, it is about as thick or a little thicker than
pniiit when mixed for use. With this pail of soap,
thinned as described, the man having a small tin
puil, or bag, or pocket, filled with fine sand, tied
round his waist, with a coarse crash cloth and a
paint brush, is ready fur operating. He first wets
Ills cloth with soap, then scatters on some dry sand,
and gives the trunk and branches a good rubbing,
after which, with a paint brush, lie puts on a cout
of the soap, prepared as above, equal to a thick
coat of paint. It is well to select for this work
the termination of a storm of rain, when the moss
or any roughness on the bark, will yield more
readily to rubbing.

Respectfully, your ob't serv't,

GEO. RANDALL.

The preceding useful observations were in part
made in Mr Randall's first application to the Sec-
retary, Mr Guild, for premium, and afterwards en-
larged by the requeet of the Committee.

infostod with lice, and nut liable to diaordera ; and
this ir'ethod oft.iking care of them is very conve-
iiiiMit. aa llipy nny bo k"-pt in n yard with tho
"liec'p, BPparuii! frmn the other cattle, and watered
in the morning before other cattle uro turned out,
winch are liable to dmlurb or injure tliein. After
Ihu stronger cuttle are houiied early in the evening,
tho calves may again go to tho water in peace and
safely.

VVIien calves run with sheep, it may be well to
tie them up a part of tho time in the latter part of
the winter or in tho spring, else they will be more
difRcult to manage the second winter, if not accus-
tomed to confinement, and frequent handling to
tunie tliem tiie first winter.

Wo have never known the practice of keeping
calvea among sheep to be pursued cRtensivcly,
therefore we recommend it for experiment, as it ia
highly approved of by all who have tried it, as far
as our information extends. Please try this way
and report to us the result. — Farmers' Journal.

A Curiosity. — There was in the market, yester-
day, a kidney and suet which weighed 138 lbs !
It was lately part and parcel of a cow, and the
whole animal after it was slaughtered weighed
only about (iOO pounds. The other kidney weigh-
ed only four pounds. Commonly, the kidney of
an animal of 800 pounds weight, weighs about 6 or
8 pounds. '1 he cow had been fed for fattening
during the .summer, ate heartily, was driven from
Manchester to Beverly just before she was killed,
and appeared to be well and lively. The beef waa
very poor, almost the whole nutriment seeming to
have tended to this enormous kidney. Some years
ago there was a case here of a kidney weighing
sixty or seventy pounds, but we never heard ot
one which quite equalled the present. — Siilem Reg.

CALVES AMONG SHEEP.

Some farmers who have kept calves among sheep,
recommend this method as decidedly superior. VVe
have tred it with success, and noticed a great im-
provement in calves, in a month or two aflcr put
with sheep, when the sheep and calves were fed
with buy only, the same as previously given to the
calves.

Tine digestive powers of young cattle arc very
strong, and well calculated to dispose of coarse
fodder, and on such fodder it is generally allowed
that they do the best. Whether the calves receive
an advantage from the coarse fodder on which they
mostly subsist when with sheep, as the sheep readi-
ly pick out the finest, or the dung and stale of
sheep dropped on the fodder has a good effect, we
cannot tell.

The orts of sheep are 8omelim>.'s found to pos-
sess medicinal virtues for other stock. We once
owned a sick horse, whose disorder seemed proof
againsit other medicine, and by keeping him wholly
on sheep's orts, which were mostly raked out of
tho manure, where they had laid fur a month or
two, and which were readily eaten, a speedy cure
was produced. We knew not enough ol horstotogt/
to delormine what Ihe disorder was. It was at-
tended with a severe cough, lose of appetite, lean-
ness and general delibity.

It has been stated, and by our observation con-
firmed, that calves that run with sheep are never

Sail your }l htiit. — We copy the following from
un eJtchangc paper, and if correct, the information
is of value to the wheat grower :

" Salt is said to be a complete preventive against
the dcstriiclion of wheat by the weevil. Mix a
pint of salt with a barrel of wheal', or put the
grain in old salt barrels, and the weevil will not
touch it. Ill sticking wheat, 4 or .'5 quarts of salt
to every hundred sheaves, sprinkled among them,
will entirely secure them from the depradation of
the insect, and render the straw more valuable ■«
food (or cattle.'" — Ky. Far.

TranspiuiUing Trees. — Most nut-bearing trees
may be as much improved by transplanting and
grafting as fruit trees are. The hickory and tho
chesnut may thus be made to bear nuts far better
fluvo.-cd and three times as largo as they produce
in an uncultivated stale. In a good soil they will
soon come to maturity ; and tor shade, fuel, or
limber, the chesnul, butternut, and liickory are not
inferior to the unproductive liorse chesnut, elin,
and maple. Late in autumn or in spring is the time
tor transplanting, for which and for grafting the
same course is to bo pursued as with the apple or
pear tree, care being taken to place the roots about
the same depth in the earth that they naturally
grow. — Farmers' liegisltr.

Wealth, in this country, may be traced back to
industry and friijialily ; and tlie paths which lead
t J it are open to all.

^06

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

DKC. aa, 1841.

A.ND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOii, VVednesdat, December 29, 1841.

OUR COURSE— PAST— FUTUfiE.

For the Bpiire oC n year, now, iiiive we rollciled and
prepared the innller which has filled lie columns of llie
Now England Farmer. Of our success, we obviously
are no suitable judge — The paper njight hare been mode
more entertaining — we could have ninde il »»ore amus-
ing wllhoul I he slightest effort. Uul useful nags lias been
our .liiii — sober instruction mainly t<ur means. (Jur oth-
er labors and c^nns have not been small. Our own aims
in regard lo the paprr Ihvc not been reached, /^'c are
not Bati>fiHd with our own doingS'-but the respectable
Publishers desire that we slmuld renew eurungngementa
with them, and wc dip S".

In future we liopeto keep-as free from subjects foreign
to agriculture, as we have during the past year. We
hope also, but dare not distinctly promise it, Ihiit our pa-
ges hereafter shall be occupied with shorter ami more
pointed articles than hereiofiire. Another changr^ may
perhaps be introduce^. As far as other pressing matters
will allow of its being done, wn propose to hll several
pages of each paper with ditVereni articles -upon sninc
one subject For instance, we may make Cows the
principal topic in one paper, Swinc in another, Corn in
a third, &c. if this course shall be distinctly decided
upon, we may give notice of our subjects in advance,
and request communications and inquiries in relation to
them. This course, if found agieeable to our subscri-
bers, will render the paper more valuable and conve-
nient as a reference. For by this course, much matter
upon a particular subject will be brought togeliier upon
the pages of a single psj er.

To our friends who take an interest in the Fanner,
wo will say that our itlier lubors in addition to the care
of the paper will apparently Is less the next year than
they have been during the IhsI, and that we shall try to
give thorn bettor instruction and advice But we must
bespeak their kind aid : they may hi Ip us, both by writ-
ing for our pages and by efforts t'l eilend the circulation
of the paper in their neighborhood or town.

A TREATISE ON DOMliJSTIC ECONOMY.

BY MISS CATHERINE E BEF.CHEK.

The publishers, Marsh, Capen, Lyon,& Webb, have
furnished us with a copy of this work \)y Miss JJcecher.
The book evinces extensive and accurate observation ;
and contains many just and forcible remarks upon the
lesponsibilitirs and duties of American women. — It is
refreshing to find a lady of a ptrcmg and well furnished
mind, distinctly denouncing the growing habit of regard-
ing all vigorous exercifo and all application lo the labn.
rioaa parts of housekeeping as ungentcel and unladylike.
We are glad that the disastrous consequences of bring-
ing up girls in ignorance oflha labors in the kitchen and
the garden have been so distinctly fcI forth. Alias
Beecher has produced a good work, exposing evils
which are accumulating upon those who nro now grow-
ing up to womanhood, and evils which tliclr children
must inherit. Shn goes lartlier than this, and shows
how the evils may be avoided. Her advico, generally,
is good, and her principles are correct. The book she
has furnished, deserves lobe extensively read, and its
inatiuctions should bo heeded.

Among all the philanthropists of the day, none are en-
gaged in a more important work than those who draw
attention lo, ard strive lo ward off the increasing physi-
cal feeblrnesa und dependence of American females —

for as long as the laics of the immutable God remain un-
altered, domestic comtort and happiness, intellectual
Hireiygih ond vigor, moral power and courage, religious
health and efficieni y must decline in the land, as the
physical health of the community declines. Though
here and there an individual who is weak in body, inay^
exhibit domestic, iolellccUial, mural and religious quali-
ties in wonderful beauty and strength, yet it is not so
with the community. iM^n generally are so far depend-
ant on the state of the body for giving- efficiency to
their virtues, that any eystein or any practice which
wars against the public health, wars at the same time
against the fico and full development of the intellectual
powers and the social and rel'gious affection.s. Praise,
therefore, be to tll0^c who faithfully alien pi to preserve
.■Xmirican women from th^ inefficiency which hangs
threateningly over them, and not litem alone, but also
their children.

CUTTING WOOD AND TIMBER..

Every good farmer in the interior will, before the
spring opens, get out and v»ork up his fuel for a year, or
at least for the greater part of a year. It has been a dis-
puted question whether it is best to cut clean in the
wood lot as far ai you go, or to select here and there the
(iecaytiig trees and such as have done growing. The
harm done to ihe suirounding young trees by the fall of
a large one upon them ; the bending and trampling of
vigorous shoots when going through the lot in various
directions with the team, and the greater labor required
lo obtain a given. number of cords, are all reasons in fa-
vor of making clean work. And this curse is to be
preferred where wood is abundant. But where it is
scarce, the fanner if he can contrive' to pick out trees
that will never grow mora, and this icithout doing much
harm to ijaunir trees, in.-iy. find it for his interest lo spare
all such trees as are making wood fast from year to year.
Thie certainly is the best course, if he looks forward not
iflore than-lwenty or five and twenty years. But if he
can afford to look forward for more than a quarter of a
century, and consult the inlerosts of the next generation,
perhaps he will give them a better growth, by culling
all as he .goes- now, .and Jetting tiees come up which
shall bo uniform in age,. and which may approach uni-
formity in size and maturity wJien it sliall next be found
udvisuble^o clear the same laud.

Much of the farmer's summer fuel in the vicinity of
iheseaboaid, consists of the trimmings of his orchard,
the toppings of his willows, &c. t&c. Economy in tlie
iTier? expense of collecting and cutting up this kind of
fuef'i Will require the farmer to tiim his trees in mid win-
ter and-fiave the brush all chopped before the hurrying
work of'spring comes on. Bill mid winter is generally
thought lo be a less proper time lo trim an orchard than
the spring and early summer, so that there is a reason
f9r delay. Which of tfiese reasons should be allowed
to prevail, may depend much upon iho worth and condi-
tion of the trees from vthich branches are to be taken.
If there be on the place forest trees or aged fruit trees,
fiom which but little if any thing but fuel is ever expect-
ed, no greai harm can be done by trimming tiieso at the i
most leisure season, and woiking up the limbs thus
obtained while tho wijiter affords leisure fur doing such j
work ; but healthy and vnluable fruit trees should not
bo pruned until the season is near at wliich tho wounds
will henl most speedily. — Get up, while winter last, as
much of your wood and brush as you can. without harm
to the orchard.

A FACT? BUTTER— AN INQUIRY
An inielligent gentleman, conversant with the doingi
of Ihe Massachusetts Society for the I'riimotion of Agri
culture, informs us that while thai Society annually o:<
fercd handsome premiums on butter, there was in ou
market a fair supply of good New England buiier, thi
wuuhl command frooi tliirty lo fifty ceot^ per lb., bt
that now when no premiums are offered, such butter i
nol to be found. Thu grocers how have none butGosb
en or New York butter which ihey call good And th
gentleman adds, that ihuugh this Goshen butter is quit'
uniform in quality and free from bad properties, it is no
as good as (/to/ ^oo(Z New England butter which couJi
be had in the days of . premiums. Where is the butte
from our best New England dairies ? Can any one ae- ""'
count for the geolleinaii's facts and .answer his inquiry

THfi AGRJCULTURAi- SOCIETY OF THE UNI
TEU STATES.
Thr friends of Agriculture who met at Washingtor
en the 15tii inct., formed a society, and made arrange
ments for future action. The account of their doingi
did nol reach us until the greater part of our matter foi
this week was in type. In tho next paper we shall copy
the-full account of their proceedings.

ENGLISH MUTTON.
There were sold last vreek in tho Quincy Market
House, several carcases of English mutton, brought out
in the ice house of the 4aEl steamship. It was bright and
in good condition — fat as pork. The fat on the rib»
was between two and three inches thick. It was sold
for from 16 lo 25 cents per lb.

FAT GOOSE.

Col. JaqiM» shewed us last week a dressed Bremen
goose weighing 18 lbs. The goose waa not behind the
mutioD in fatness.

Father TY'me is. not al way s a hard parent, and though
ho tarries for none of his children, often lays his. hand
lightly upon those who have used hiin well; making
them old men and women inexorably enough, but leav-
ing their hearts and spirits young, and in full vigor.
Willi such [leople, the grey head is but tho impression
of the old fellow's liand in giving them his blessing, and
every wrinkle liul a notch in the quiet calendar of a
Well spent life. — Bamaby Rudge.

It s lunds odd for a professed republican to deny Ihe
equality of man — thus repudiating the glorious declara-
tion of independence — and attempt lo prove it by a flim-
sy scries of affirmations about the different conditions
and capacities of mankind. He ought lo know, if he
lays claim to common intelligence, that equality in refe-
rence to natural rights is all that is avowed ty tho be-
lievers in the doctrine he assails. It would be the height
of absurdity to declare liial all men were endowed with
the same amount of natural talent, or condiiioncd alike
in lili). Every body knows belter. The paltry volun.
leer in the ranks of despotism, who endeavors lo ex-
plode that divine doctrine of the equality of man, by
such contemptible sophistry, deicrves the scorn and exe-
cration of every lover of freedom and our common coun-
try, exalted as site is by her free institutions over every
governini.'nt on earth, those free institulions being based
on the equality of all mankind. — Selected.

A lady, in the Maino Farmer, says that n cracker
pounded and put into a pumpkin pie, iias tho same good
effect OS eggs, one cracker for five plate pieg.

The niosl contemptible of all cowards is he who is
afraid to do right.

vol.. \x. x(>. nn.

AND HORTICULTURAL R K C. I S T E R .

•2(>7

TIIKHMOMI'.I'IUCAI,
llrporlrilloi llir .Nrw Knclnnil Kirmrr.
ifM Ills riipriiMiinPlrr nl llw (iarilrilur tll« pr»|)rirloi
I Ikn New CngUiiil Fnrnior, llrigliiun, Mnu. in n alimlr
orthrrly os|wnre, (brilio wrrli ciuling Dcr. 26,

Dt-o. 1X11. I 6 A.M. I 12, M. I O.P.M. 1 Win^.

loniH

iKit;iiro.\ .MARKirr— Mosi.At, Dec.37, i«ii

KriH.flril ruilhr .\»vv Knslnnd Farmrr

.\i Mnrkcl 40* lifiL'l Cattle, 50 Stores, 2530 Shoep
ul ^I'-if^ SwiiK-.

I'liicKs — lltef Cattle Tlie prices obtainiid Inst week
ere I'ully •ustaiiieti. We quiile lint qualiLy, $^ ''>0
5 *,'<. St'ciiiid quiilily, $4 76 a 5 25. Tliiid qualitv
3 5(1 a 4 50.

narreUittg C<i«/«.— Al ess $4 00. No. 1, :» 00. No. 2,
50.

Mff/i.— We quota lou Ht $1 1:;, 1 21. 1 33, 1 42,
75, I '.1-2, and U 25.

Sicine. —One lot, solecled, at 3 1 4 and 4 1-4^3 and

vns tlia only offer Tor llio remainder. At retail, fr'un 4

6.

rATt.MEiNT OF CRIGH lO.N MARKKT FOR

l-^JI.
;(j,ri07 beefcatt.'e, salea estimnled at
,7".>4 stores,

M,(i;.o 8i)
1,^72 swine.

4,lt^0 bfef cattle,
2,73(; si. lies,
4, 11 2 sliecp,
2,350 ewioe,

3,203 beef cattle,

,2.'2 stores

400 sheep,
6,0<;t3 awiiw,

26 I II

M

27 '

•20

16

14

12

23

20

46

33

3}

30

1 22

a-t 1

N. W.

N.
N.

N. R.
N. W.
N,
N.

wim-li are i|uiie liiniled, riliilni no nmiirml clinii:;<- cm for
iiier uuuialious Salea luu ki'sn Uird 6 1 3c'., niid aouie
(■an ela interior, fi 3i a Cc. (wi lli. 1 iiioi. cr.

Heel— Mesd, 4 mo.new Mil. Iio 00— Nnvy— 18 SO a 9 00

— No. I »(i 00— do Prime «.-. Bo a 6 00- IVrk — K«rn clear,
4 mo. hill, tia— do Cienr til a 12— do .Mess t-i .-,u a » fin

— do Prime •? oi) n .• do- do Mc»» from nilier .SI.t1«« »S 2i
a 0 50- do Prime »7 00 n 7 50.

Oli.'tlN. Siiirn niir lu.sl weekly rep<iit the market hos
eiliiliite<l Qo aTUiptoina of any iinproreiiitiil ; buyers arc
ilis|iOM-d to operate In a moderate eilent at fiO a Clc. lor
m-w yellow, iiul holders ask 62 n e;l. . and Sue. for while,
nl which rale some sales .tmre licen made ; sales old yellow
54c. and do. norlherii round C7 a 68c, jier bushel. Onta re-
main without chanf^e on former prices.
Corn— Northern, bushel 60 to 67 — Round Yellow C»—

Southern FInt Yellow 61 n 63 While do On— Hurley, f,.1

« 6ti— Kye Northern 7U to 73— Onl-i-Soult-rn 47 lo 60—
\urlh«rn do. 4S to oO-lieans, per bushel 76 a I 60.
I H.AV, per ton, i20 lo 2.">- Uasleni Scre.wed 817 10 19.
j CHEESE -Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6o.--New 0 lo8.r
EGGS, tea 2fl.

WOOf,. Duty. The value whereof nt the place of tx-

portation«hall noi exceed 8 els. per pounds free. All where-

I of the value exceeds s els, per pound, 32 per et. ad vol. mid

4 cts per pound.
I Duriiii; the last ten days sales of fleece Wool have been
{ made to the extent ol about 100,000 lbs., at some rodnelion
; on the prices obtained OUdays since. A small lol of liake-
wcll fleeces, very coarse, sold at 30c. ; common and very
low grade, 32 a 35c. 12 to 3-4 blood, 37 a 40c; full blood,
I 44 a 46c, and a few thousand pounds full blood and mixed
i Saxony, at 4Sc ; No. 1 pulled at 35 a 37 I ■2c ; «U|icrfine,.37
M 2 a 40c. and extra. 42c. per lb

Prime or Sa.tony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a SO c— Amer-
ican full blood, do 43 a 46— Do 3.4do40 a 41 — Do. l-2do
j 35 a 37 — 1-4 aad common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna. Sheep,
.washed, 20 a 26— Do, unwashed, 10 n U^Bengusi >do
8 a 10— Saxony, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 19 —
Superfine Nonhern pulled lamb 37 a 42-.'No. 1 do. do.- do.
35 a 37— No. 2 do no do 25 a 30- No. 3 do iki do 18 a 20.

liKI.M>Hril,M.S

Au eilinsivr assoriiueut of Water and tiaiid (Windatoi rs
eonsiantlv on band and for salobyAMMIC. LOMIMMi
&CO 13 Utti.a Wharf. i.lv. Nov. 1».

Sales ealimated at

Sales eali mated at $l',901-t864'

5,830 beef cattle, 1

9,573 storun, ; ,j , .. ...

4,640 sheep, )■ hales estimate.) at

6,104 swine, j

1837

1,644 beef cattle, "l
6,216 stores, ! „ i , ...

0,20li sheep, )-Sulcs eatimaled at

7,052 swine, J

$2,008,004

$2,449,251

WHOtES.lLE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrcdcd uilh great care, uecklij.

•lEEDS. HerileGrass, $3 on to 3 25 per bushel. Red Top,
lo3.'. cents. Clover— Nonhern, 13c.— Southern, 12lol3o.
IX -Seed, 31 81 to 1 85 bu. Lucerue, 25 c. per lb. Ca-
ry Seed, 88 per bushel.

LOUR. The market has been much depressed Ihrnugh-

! the week. The accounts received per steamer Colum-

fa decline in the Knglish market, and the statement

It the stock in New Y'ork was ascertained to be nearly

,000 bbls. tor:ether with a heavy stock in our own mar

, has caused i>uyers lo hold back ior lower prices. Mod-

.le sales from siorcs of Genesee, common brands, at *6

31 ; do fancy do, io 37 a 6 S.i. The demand for

uibern has been for Fredericksburg at S6 37, 4 mos; 206

Richmond couairy, *« 25, cash; 300 do. Howard street,

lO, 4 mos ; 300 do. Georgetown, exira brand, aO 50, 60
rs cr. The market closes dull for all kinds.

^Ilimore Howard Streei, 4 mas. cr. te 50— do. wharf,
37— do. free of garlic, 86 50— Philadelphia do. 4 mos.
37 — Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 mos. 86 37 — Alexandria,
arf mountain, 86 37— Georgciovrti, 86 37 a 6 62— Rich-
md Canal, 86 37— do. City, 87 00— Petersburgh, So.
e, — Genesee, common, cash, 86 25 a 6 31 — do. fancy
iDds 86 37 a 6 SO.
PROVISIO.NS. In Beef and Pork, the transaclions.

yui:ng) man wanted.

The advertiser wants a smart and intelligeut young man
upon H Farm, he will have opportunity to be inslructed in
Ihe Nursenj and (■iardenins' btisincfs in all lis varielies ;
his opportunities for valuable information, will be of great
service 10 him if ho is disposed to Irarn. The a;;e not 10 ex-
ceed 16 years; he must bring nndoul.led recommendations lor
integrity and good aior.Us ; he will be wanted- for several
years.. Inquire al the office of the N. E. Farmer..

Dec 8.

WILLIS'S LATEST IIUPfCOVEO VEGETABLE
Cl'TTER. .

Tbivmachine surpanses all others for the purpose of cut
ting Rula Baga, Mangel Wurlael, and other roots The
great objection lo oiher in,ichincs, is their cutlins ilie rooU
inio slices, whith makes 11 alm.ist impossible for the cattle
to get hold of Ihem-, this machine with a little alteration,
cuts Ih.-m into large or small pieces, of such sbaiM as is most
convenieni fnrlbe callle lo eat. IlWill cut with ease from
one lo two bushel* of root,* \ter minute.

Forsalc by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., al the New Eng.-
land Agricultural Warehouse, NTs 51 and fl'J North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. 1

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-re's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the time
of day in ibe carden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale bv
J. BRECK * CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept 1

AnnK'l LTl'RAL INPLK.IIKMTS, Ac

The Proprn>l..ra of the Now England Agricultural Ware,
houae nnd Saeil Sinro No. 61 and 53 North Market atrrel,
woulil inform their i-iihlomers and the public Kcnorally that
ihey have on hiin.l Ihe moat extensive aai.ortment of Agri-
culluinl and llorlicullural Tools lo he fouod lu the Uoiled
Slates. I'ari of which are Ihe following :

1000 Howard's Palonl Cast

100 doz

Cast Steel Shovels.

Iron Plouifbs

ISO "

Common do.

.100 Common do do.

lOU "

Spdea.
Grass Scythes.

200 Cultinilors.

600 "

100 (Ireenc's Straw Cultcrs.

300 "

nieni Snaitha.

60 Willis- do. do.

200 "

Common do.

100 Common do. do.

600 "

Hay Rnkea.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 "

(iarden rio.

Shelters.

200 "

Manure Forks.

60 Common do do.

300 "

Hay do.

2uO Willis' Seed Suwersi

600 Pai

r Trace Chaina.

60 " Vegelnble Cutters

100 "

Truck do.

60 Common Ho. do.

100

Draft do

200 Hand Corn Mills,.

600

1'ie up do.

200 Gmin Cradles.

50 doz

Haller do.

100 Ox Yokes.

1000 yards Fence do.

1500 Doz. Scythe Stoner.

25 Grim! Stones on rollers.

3000 ' Austin's Riflea.

March 17.

L'ETANU LIME.

Farmers in ivaiit of Lime for Agricultural purposes will
find it greatly to their advantage lo try the St. George Co'a.
L'Elang Lime, said to be superior for that purpose lo any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over the Hope Insurance Office, Stale St., Boston.

Sept. 8. 3m

HOWABD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Creat imprnvemrnts have been made the pasi \e,nr in the
form and Wori(imin..ihip of these Ploughs; the mould biard
has been so formed as to lai/ the Jurrmc '■onipldchj orcr
turning in 'very paHide of grass or sluhblr, and icnrine Ihe
ground in the ifsl possible manner. The length of the
mould board has, be a very much increase.-', so that llie
Plnnnh works with the <;realest ease, both wiih respect lo
the holding ;ind the team. The Commitiec at Ihe !nte Innl
of Pl.-iughs at Worcester, say,

" Shoubl our opinion be asked as to which of ihe Ploughs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we mi[;ht perhaps say 10
the inqnirer.if your jand is mostly light an.l easy to woik,
try Prouly & Mears, but if your landis hcavj, hjrU orrocl.y,
BEGIN WITH Ma, HowAno's.''

Al Ihe above mer.t;oned irial the Howard Plough did
more Kork. iril/i the same power of learn, than am/ oilier
plough cxhibilcd. No ..llier turned more than Iwcoiyspven
and one half inche?, to Ihe 112 lbs, drauqbt, while ihe
Howard Plough turned ticcnlipiinc and one hal/' inches, lo
Ihe sam/: po\eer»fleam ! All acknowledge thai Ilowar.l'a
Ploughs are inucli ihe strongest and most subsianiislly
made.

There has leen q«ite an iniprnvcmenl made on the slme,
or land side of this Ploneh, which can be renewed without
having lo furnish a new lund^tile: this shoe likewise seciiie*
the mould hoard and lardjitle together, and strenglhens tlie
Plough viry much.

The price of the PlonaJw is from 86 to 815. A Plm.ch,
snfliiionl for breakins; up with four callle. will cost al.<nil
Sio 50, and with culler 81, with wheel and culler, 82 BO
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and relail,at
the New- Englaari A^rtcultiiral Warehous'e and Seed St.nc,
Nos. 51 4: 52 .\orlh "MarUit Streei. bv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

EDMUND T. IIASTI.XGS A. CU.
Pure Sperm t 11.

No. 101 State St, keep con'lanlly for sale. Winter, Bpriii
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which Ihey
warrant lo be of the beat quality and to born wilb.nM
cru.^lieff.

Oil Canisters of various size*. ^
Boctoii, Jan. 1, 1841. isly

208

NEU ENGLAND FARMER.

DEC. an, 1S4I.

MISCELLANEOUS.

TEMPERANCE HYMN.

TnHE : — " Zion,"— from tiie Boston Academy's Col-
leelion of Cliurtli Musir.

Fhom ilipriiounliiin top and valh'y,
t-Vf ! llic banner struaming high !
While the sons of freednm rally,
To the ividuvv's lonely cry.
Sisters weeping,
Bill us lo tiic rescue fly.

Now the trump of Temperance sounding,

Rouse ! ye freemen, why delay .'
Let your voices all resounding,

Welcome on the happy day
When that tyrant
Must resign his crm^l sw.iy.

Nor again shall hci molest us,

(Though ho has oppross'd us sore)

Nor his (loi.sonous breath infest us —
Soonwell drive him from our shore,"
All uniling —

Shout— the monster's reign is o'er.

Could we hear the mother pleading,
Heaven relief would quickly send;

Can we sec our country bleeding,
Still refuse our aid to lend ?
No ! dread monster,

Here thy triumph soon shall end.

Must »>'e sec ihc drunkard reeling,

(Void ol reas'n) tu the grave.
Whiro's the hcrl so dead lo feeling—

Who would not the wanderer saver
Uod of merry,
'Tis thy blessing now wecraTo.

Dearest Saviour, oli, relieve us,

Unto tliee wc humbly bow, —
Let that fiend no more decrive us.

Grant thy loving favor now ;

While against him

Here we pledge a sacred vow.

PREVENTIO.M BETTER THAN CURE.
Upon this proverb as a text, the Newburyport
Herald sermonizes thus:

If all the wisdom e.Tprcsaed in old and homely
uttered proverbs, were reduced to practice,' the
world would speedily chanfje its face for the better.

They arc, many of them, the concentrated judg.
ment of ages, ilio essence of human thought
and experience. Even as acres of flowers are
pressed and distilled, to extract a few drops of the
otto of roses — even so our homely proverbs are
the brief and invaluable results of much argument
and much observation — of the long lives and variid
fortunes of the race. How pitliy and significant
they are ! They are almost enough in themselves
to teach men how to live, guides and finger posts
■11 along the road, Uiroiigh tiiiin. Just think of a
few of tliein. "Rolling stones gotlier no moss."
How many rovers, without home, money, or reputa-
tion, liavc proved that to their cost and shame.
"Long lived trees make roots firsL" Without a
good foundation, the costliest superstructure will
not last. " Idleness is the inolher of mischief."
Every body who has dealt wiili loafers or children
knows that. "Haste makes waste." " Make huy
while the stin shines" — and many others to be
found ill Poor Richard's Almanac and elsewhere —
how full of meaning the whole tribe ! But
among them all there is none whose counsel it
were better to follow, than this — "an ounce of
prevention is worth a pound of cure." Lotus take
it for a tuxl to a short disuourKc, part of which wc
will give now, and the rest, when the mood takes

Uf.

If soci.ely did half as much to prevent evils as

it does to remedy them, society would exhibit a
vast deal more of common sense, enjoy a vast deal
more of peace and comfort, than it does now. Ma-
ny arc the modern schemes for the reformation of
the world ; but none of them will do much, unless
they remove the enxises of ignorance and vice.
Some schemes have this for tlieir object. But still
very little, comparatively speaking, is done to an-
ticipate and guard against trouble. It is a poor
time to build forts, when the enemies batteries are
already pouring out their hot shot. It is miserable
policy to shut the barn door, after the horse is
stolen — and you cannot pump the ship dry until
you have stopped the leak. Voters will not study
the cimstilution on election day, and lessons on
the rights of property are not very efficacious, if
the teaching of them be left to tread mills. Yet
not much more wisely does the community act.
Crops of crime grow as regularly as crops of corn ;
and there is an annual harvest of sin, ju.^t as there
is an annual harvest of wheat. Somebody has re-
marked, tliat among every generation of babies, al-
though you cannot pick him out, there is the poet,
orator, hero, painter, of the coming age : in short,
some one to fill every place death makes vacant.
This is true, and what is worse, it is also true that
a regular supply of vagabonds, thieves, incendia-
ries— whole armies of miserable wretches, arc born
and reared up, to people jaile and adorn the gal-
lows. Alas that it should be so ! but so it is. So
much so, that many appear to think it a settled
fact, that there must be just en much wickedness
propagated from age to age, and kept alive and ac-
tive in the world. But this idea is a libel upon
Providenco. Vice and pauperism are not necessa-
ry. If society did not sow them, society would
not reap them. Neglect a field, and weeds will
grow : feed a horse on shavings and lie will die.
Exactly so with the lords of creation : the laws of
their nature, and of their being must be obeyed,
or they will, to a greater or less exient, be a
plague to themselves and to tlieir fellows. This is
simple truth. Every body admits it, but few act
upon it. It is as certain that ignorant e and idle-
ness will |)rodiice crimo, as it is that fire will
caii.se gunpowder to explode,
prevent evils, we shall surely have enough of them
to cure ; yet to do the former would not cost any
more than it now costs to do the latter. Are peo-
ple aware how much they are regularly taxed to
.support crime ? 'I hose massive court houses, pen-
itentiaries, prisons, and alms-houses — these armies
of watchmen, constables, and sheriffs, take a great
deal of money out of our pockets. The appropri-
ation the current year, by the county of Sufl'olli,
for prisons, courti?, and house of correction, is only
folly thousand dollars ! and this is not the whole
of the bill. But it cannot be helped. Why not?
Oh ! because people are very near-si'»hted — have
a strange fancy of saving at the spiggot and losing
at the bung-hole, and believe in one sense that
"siinicicnt unto Ihc day is the evil thereof." If
thry would only look a liltic way into the future,
and act upon the principle, that In villages and
towns the end should be vinn and not money — that
the only truly prosperous places are those where
human souls grow and prosper — that, as Dr Chaii-
ning says, "Of all the fine arts in a city, the
grandest is the art of forming noble specimens of
huiiianily," if people, we say, would only act on
this doftriuo, the millenium mighl not come, but
something like the dawn of better days might be
anticipated.

A Black Jokt No man loved a good joke 1 ^

ter, or was more addicted to the indulg'ence of
mirth-loving propensities, than the late li,
Payne, of Plymouth county, Mass. Among
inferior officers of the Court over which the Ju
presided, was one Qiiasho, a negro, who was
ployed to make fires, sweep the Court House,
One day, when coming out of the Court House
encountered Quasho.

'■ Well, Quash, what news ?"
" Ila'nt hecrd any ; you heerd any, mi
Payne ?"

" Yes, Quash — the devil is dead."

" Ha'nt heerd he dead before," said Quash,
kntw he been in pnin [I'ayne] long time .S'c/t

lo

GR::EN'S PATS;NT SrUA'WCUTTKR.

JOSRPH ERECK & CO. at the New England Aei
liiral Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and.'.i North
kei Strecl, have lor sale, Green's Palent Straw, Hd)
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanicci principle nol I
B|iplied to any implement lor this pur|>ose. The mo^l (
ineiit effecis of this application, and some of the tiin5e<
pccuharilics of the machine are :

I . So great a redoclion of the quantum ol power reqi
to use it, that the sircuglh of a half grown boy is fulfil
to work it efficiently.

a. With even this moderate power, it easilycutstwoll
els a minute, which is full twice as lasl us has been cIm
by any oiher machine even • hen worked by hon
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whicbl
cut, require sharpening less oflen than those ol any
straw cutler.

4, Tlie machine is simple in its conslruclion, made ai
together very stronjsly. It is iherelbre not so liable
coinplicalcd machines in general use lu get out ofoi

APPLiE^ P.\RKI<8.

Just received at the New Eneland Agricultural \*
house. No SI and S2 Norlh Maiket Street, a good sup||
Stanley's Superior Apple J'arers, a very useful ariici
So if we do nol """-■ "' ''"^*^ machines a bushel of apples may he pan
a very short time in the best |x>ssiblc manner, and willL.
saving nf ihc apple, as the uulsides may l>e taken off'
required ibickness. The ahove is also lor sale al N
WILLIS', No. 45 Norlh Market Street, SCUDL>KR,
DlSAi CO., and HOSMER& TAPIMN, iMilk Si
Sept. 1 ow JOSEPH BRECK &

:i

<,)UINDSTU.\BS, ON FRICTION ROt-LEI

Grindstones of different sizes hung oa friction rullci
moved with a loot Ireader, is found lo be a gre
ment on the present mode of hanging grinUsi
ease with which they move upon the rollers, rei
very easy to turn with the loot, by which the hi
■nan is saved, and the person in the act of gi i
govern the sionc inure lo his miud hy having i\>
control of his work. Stones hnng in this m.ii
coining daily more in use, and wherever used, i;
sal satislucliun. Tfie rollers can he attached lo :
in I he coniniun way-

Korsale i,y JO^EI'Il URECK Sl CO., Nos
North Market lio-.ioii.

NEW ENGLAND FARMK

A WF.KRLT PAHFR.

The Editorial dcparlnienl oflbis paper Imvn
into the hands of the subscriber, lie is now au
by the publishers to inlorm the public that the
the pnpei is reduced. In future ihn terms wii
pur year in "(fronOj or l('2 .'iJ if nol paid wji hi 0
days. ALLEN I'l I .NAI

N. U. — I'ostinaslors are permitted by law
•iibacrlptions and remittances fur Dewspu|
ex[rt'nsu to Biibs(!ribers.

rUTTLB AHD DENIfETT, PRIHTF.H9.

A iN I) H O It T I C U L T U R A L 11 E G I S T K R .

PUBLISHED BV JOSEPH BRECK «t CO., NO. sa NOttTH MARKET STIlEliP, (AomcutTuoAi. WABitiioo.«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.
*.. xv.l

BOSTON, VVRnNKSnAY KVKN'INC, J.ANU.MIY 5, IM2.

I><>. !I7

RICULTURAL SOCIETV OF THE UNI-
TED STATES.

L incotiiig of t!ie friends of Agriculture from llio
rent jsectKUis of the United States, was hold,
lutiiitio public notice, in the Hull of the Hou.<!-^

N

FARMER

consisting of five nieiiibers, three of whom shall
coMKtitule a quorum.

•■hi. (!. 'riio President, nnd in his ab.sonce, one
of the Vice Presidents, shall president alj meet-
ini;s of the society. By iho concurrence of the
Board of Control, he may call special iiieetinirs of
the society, ffivinir publii; notice thereof by adver-
tisement, at least throe weeks before said mcctin".

ijpresontBtives at Washington, on the 15Ui of Jje .,h„|| draw all drafts on the trea.surer fur in.

Jieniber, ISA\, when,
>n motion of the Hon. Dixon H. Lewis, of Ala-
, the lliin. James .M. Garnett, of Virginia, was
jintcd President of the meetinir, and the lion.
I. Lewis, of Alabama, Ilou. Edmund Dehcrry,
North Carolina, Dr. James W. Thompson, of
iwnrc, Joseph Gales, Esq., of the District of

paid lint, which drafts shall bo countersip^ned by
the Recording Secretary; and the iroa-urer shall
at the next annual iiicotin:; make a full atateineut
of all receipts and expenditures, setting lurth as
well the items as the amount thereof.

.'hi. 7. The Vice Presidents of the States of Vir-
ginia, INIaryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, and
imbia, Benj. V. French, Esq., of Massachusetts „c t|,e Dis'trict of Columbia, shall be, ex-ofTicio,
James T. GifTord, Esq., of Illinois, were «p- i members of the Board of Control, provided no act
ited Vice Presidents ; and J. F. Callaii, of the s|,a|i be done by said Board without the presence
jict of Colun.hio, and Robert E. Horner, of I „fa qu„r„,„ of iho original Board.
|» Jersey, weie appointed Secrctarioe. ] Art. S. The Recording Secretary shall keep a

he President, having very ably and pointedly , f^n record of all the proceedings of the Society,
essod the Convention, appointed the follo«ing anj supervise the publication of them as may be di-
niittee to present the Constitution of the Soci- rected.

viz : Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, of D. C, Hon. D. ,j^, <> ti,^ Corresponding Secretary may be
^ewis, of Alabama, Hon. James A. Pearce, of „„p „f (^e five members constitutiii/T the Board of
yland, Hon. Zadoc Casey, of Mim.H, Hon. G. Control, and in addition to conducting all the cor-
veim, of Pennsylvania, John Jones, Esi;., of Lgspondence of the Society, shall keep a record of
iware, Peter Thatcher, Esq., of Massachu.-elts, I all cxp.-nditnies ordered by said Board, and, in
C. F. Mercer, Esq., of Florida, who, after h"v"- s|,„rt_ ,,erf.,rin f6r said Board all the purposes of a

etircd for a few moments, reporti-d the follow-
Constitution, which was read and adopted :

he style of this society shall be " The ,'lgrieul-
l Soriely of tke Untied Stales." Its objects
be to improve the condition of American lius-
lrr,ond from its central position to serve as a
iura of communication and of action with other
cultural societies throughout the Union.
rlide 1. This society shall consist of such mem-
as shall, at the formation of the same, sign the
stitution, and pay to the treasurer two dollars,
one dollar annually thereafter as Jong as they
1 continue members.

rl. a. Any citizen of the United States may
me a member of this soeiety by paying the
requir?d for membership.
rt. 3. Any agricultural society in the United
es shal; become an auxiliary society upon piy-
to the Ireasarcr the sum of ton dollars, upon
ication, and live dollars annually thereafter;
each auxiliary society shall receive no loss
five printed copies of the annual proceedings
is society, and shall also be represented by
delegate or delegates as they may appoint to
nnual meotlni;s of this society, and on all
lions to be decided by the society, such dolcga-
shall be entitled to ten voles
'rt. 4. Any person paying to the treasurer ten
irs, shall receive a diploma of membership for

rt. .5. 'I'he officers of this society shall consist
jne President, one Vice President from each
e and Territory, and one from the District of
imbia, a Recording Secretary, a Corresponding
relary and Treasurer, and a Board of Control, '

secretary, and shall receive such compensation
therefore as said Board, with the consent of the
President, may allow.

^r<. JO. The Board of Control shall consist of
five members, living in, or ala conveniont distance
from this city, who shall perform all the executive
duties necessary to the purposes of the Society,
not specifically assigned to other officers. They
shall avail themselves of all the moans in their
power to become acquainted with the agriculture
of foreign countries, and through such aid as they
may be able to receive from our diplomatic agents
abroad, as well as our consuls, shall, if consistent
with the pecuniary means of the Society, introduce
from abroad whatever they may think materially
calculated to improve the agriculture of this coun-
try, whether it consists of information as lo new
and improved modes of culture, seeds, plants, addi-
tional articles of cultivation, agricultural imple-
ments, or domestic animals; the disposition of
which shall be made at the first anniTal meeting of
the Society.

J}rt. 11. The Board of Control shall also use the
necessary means of having a large exhibition, at
each annual meeting, of improved agricultural im-
plements and machinery, with a full and public trial
of the same ; of improved stocks of all kinds, and
particularly of inviting the exhibition of such ani-
mals as have taken premiums at other agricultural
shows, wilh the view of testing the superiority of
prize animals themselves; also, of the different
breeds of animals, for the purpose of comparing ihe
advan'ages ol each. They shall affix to such ex-
hibitions such premiums as they shall adjudge suita-
ble, appointing such judges as they mny select, to

award the some, which judg •.-< .^Iiiill not only im-
sign their preferences, but shall draw up a detailed
report of their several examiftalirm<i, setting forth
fully a description of the nrticlrs'.ir animals ad-
judged, and the grounds upon which their prefer-
ences are awarded.

.trl. I'J. It shall further be the duty of the Board
of Control, when ihoy think it expedient, to procure
a model of such implcmenlH and muchinory as may
have received a premium, to be kept in some suita-
ble and convnuiont pi ice, selected as an agricultu-
ral repertory, for the inspection of the public, and
particularly of members of the Society.

.Irt. 1.3. The said iloard may also award pre-
miums for prize essays, lo be read before the So-
ciety, for well conducted and well reported experi-
meiits in agriculture, havirrg reference in the same
to the prevailing agricultural productjpns tif, iho
different sections of the Union. • • , * •

.Irt. 14. The said Board sliaUjfiW flfte notice
by advertisement, of the time aiit|^aoe Sfsiich ex-
hibitions, the premiums to be *awardcd, and the
committee by whom t.'iey arc to be awarded, ond
for the expense attending the discharge of the du-
ties herein imposed, they shall draw requisitions on
the President, selling forth, severally, the items of
expense, which r:?quisitions shall be recorded by
the Recordiilj;; S. ;retary ; and the President, if he
approves the sair.o, shall thereupon issue his draft
on the Trea ,iirer for the amount. ■*

.Jrt. la. The said Board shall also be instructed
to make efforts to obtain funds for the cslablish-
niciit of an agricultural school in the District of
Columbia, and appurtenant thereto, a course of
public lectures on Agriculture, Chemistry, Botany,
Mineralogy, Geology ami Entomology, as appropri-
ate Ecionccs to the great business of agriculture,
which, witli the buildings and improvements thereon,
sliall, in tlio laiigiia'.'e of Smillison, bo set apart
forever " as an establishment for the increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men."

Jlrl. lU. The Board of Control shall procure an
appropriate seal for the Society, lo bo attached to
diplomas or other documents or instruments which
may be issued to honorary members or other per-
sons, under the viirection of the Si^ciely. They
shall lill all vacancies that may occur by death, re-
sigiiaiion o"- otherwise, either in their own body, or
the list' of Ihe officers, to continue until the next
general mooting.

.'Irt. 17. In flirther aid of the purpose of this so-
ciety, the said Board shall invite some suitable per-
son to establish an agricultural publication in this
city, and shall also petition Congress for the incor-
poration of this society.

Art. 18. The first general meeting of this Soci-
ety shall be in the city of VVasliingtun, on the first
Wednesday in May next, and thereafter at such
times as the Society may direct.

Jlrl. I'J. All moneys paid to the treasgrcr either
for subscripticms or as donations to the Society,
shall be deposited to the Society's credit, in such
bank or institution as the Board of Control may di-
rect, and can only be withdrawn upon the requisi-

210

iVEU ENGLAND FARMER

JAN. S, 184^ i

tion of tlic President or acting President, counter-
signed by tlie Secretary and Treasurer.

v3r<. 20. Tliia Conrtlitutionsliill lit- amended only
l)y a vote of two thirds nf all rlie mombers present
At an. annual meeting of the Society — but the Board
•of Control may, by the aid of the President, estab-
LJish any noedful by-laws for the better order of the
Society, not iiieoiiiputiblo with this Constitution —
wliich by-laws may at any time be amended by a
niiajority of the Society pre?cnt.

Jlrt. 21. Elections for all officers of the Society
shall be held by ballot at every general meeting
thereof — but until an election at the general meet-
ing in May next, the following persons shall be a
coiimiitleo to appoint the officers herein before
mentioned, and to make publication of the same in
'ten days from this time.

On motion, J> 9. Skinner, Kst]., Hon. D. H. Lew-
is, and lion. ILIj. Ellsworth were appointed a com-
mittee to wai; -upon the chairman and solicit a copy
■of his address for publication.

On motion of Mr Tnrry, of Mass., it was
Resolved, That the Board of Control of the Soci-
«ty be instructed to present a petition to the pre-
.«cnt. Congress of the Dnited States to set apart the
Smitlisonian bequest for the purpose of carrying
■out'tli^.o'bjcctsof the Society.

The Mon. Lefi Woodbury, of New Ilampshirci
Jlon. Lewis F. Linn, of iMissouri, Hon. Wm. C-
Rives, of Virginia, H<.n. VVm. C.Johnson, of Mary-
land, Hon. D. H. I.ewis, of .Mabania, Hon. John
Hastings, of Ohio, Hon. H. L. Ellswortli, of the
District of Columbia, John S. Skinner, Esq., of the
District of Columbia, and J. F. Callan, of the Dis-
trict of Columbia, were appointed a committee to
jtelect the officers of the Society provided fur in the
■Constitution, to serve until the regular eleotion in
May next.

On motion, it was

Ordered, That subscription papers be left with
the Secretary of the Senate, the Clerk of the House
-of Representatives, the Librarian of Congress, and
"with the Secretaries of this meeting, where per-
sons desirous of becoming members may enrol their
jiames.

Ordered, 'V.iat. the proceedings of this meeting

"be published 'n niltlie newspapers of the District.

And the *.' invention adjourned.

J. F. Callan, > „ . .
T, ri u / Aecretants.

R. E. HORNF.R, )

The Committee, appointed by the Agricultural
Society of the United Slates to select the Officers
of the Society to serve until the first general meet-
ing and exhibition on tho 4tli day of Alay next,
have met, and do hereby reconmienil and report the
following gentlemen to fill tho offices annexed to
their respective names. The Recording Secretary
is requested to publish the list, iind give special in-
formation to each individual of his selection.
Levi VVoouburv,
Chairmun, fur the Committee.

President — Jamks M. Gar.nf.tt.

Corresponding Secretary — John S. Skinner.

Recording Secretary— }i-:\\n V. Callan.

Treasurer — Edward Dyer.

Hoard of Control — Levi Woodbury, Elisha Whit-
tlesey, Alexander Hunter, John ,\. Smith, W. J.
Stone.

J'ice Presidents — Maine, George Evans ; New
Hampshire, Isaac Hill ; Massachusetts, R. V.

French; Connecticut, Eli Ives; R. Island, Gov.
Fenner; Vermont, VVm. Jarvis ; New York, C. N.
Bement; New Jersey. C. S. Green; Pennsylvania,
Geo. E. Keiin ; Delaware, J. W. Thompson ; Mary- [
land, Thos. Emory; Virginia, Edmund Ruffin; N. ;
Carolina, Edmund Deberry ; S: Carolina, Wade
Hampton; Georgia, W. Lumpkin ; Alabama, Dix-
on H.Lewis; Louisianr, Alex.Mouton; Arkansas,
Archibald Yell ; Tennessee, F. H. Gordon ; Mis-
sissippi, M. W. Phillips ; Kentucky, Chilton Allen ;
Missouri, Lewis F. Linn; Illinois, A. W. Snyder;
Indiana, Solon llobinson ; Michigan, Isaac E. Ca-
ry ; Ohio, John Hastings ; District of Columbia,
H. L. Ellsworth ; Florida, R. W. Williams; Iowa,
Timothy Davis ; Wisconsin, Henry Dodge.

The Vice Presidents of Virginia, Maryland, Dis-
trict of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, are
ex-officio members of the Board of Control.

PHYSICAL DEBILITY OF AMERICAN WO-
MEN.
Extracts from Miss lieecher's IVeatist on Domestic
Economy.

But the second, and still greater difficulty, pecu-
liar to American women is, a delicacy of constitu-
tion, which renders them early victims to disease
and decay.

The fact that the women of this coirntry are
unusually subject to disease, and that their beauty
and youthful nciis is of shorter continuance than
that of the women of other nations, is one which
always attracts the attention of foreigners, while
medical men and philanthropists are constantly
giving fearful monitions as to the extent and alarm-
ing increase of this evil. Investigations make it
evident that a large proportion of young ladies
from the wealthier classes have the incipient stages
of curvature of tlic spine, one of the most sure and
fruitful causes of future disease and decay. The
writer has heard medical men, who have made ex-
tensive inquiries, say, that probably one in every
six of the young women at boarding schools, are
affected in this way, while many other indications
of disease and debility exist, in cases where this
particular evil cannot be detected.

In consequence of this enfeebled state of their
constitutions, induced by a neglect of their physi-
cal education, as soon as they are called to the re-
sponsibilities and trials of domestic life, their con-
stitution fails, and their whole life is rendered a
burden. For no person can enjoy existence, when
disease throws a dark cloud over the mind, and inca-
pacitates her for the proper discharge of every duty

It would seem as if tho primeval curse, that has
written the doom of pain and sorrow on one period
of a young mother's life, in this country lind been
extended over all ; so that the hour neverarriv.es
when "she forgettelh her sorrow for joy that a man
is born into the world." Many a mother will testi-
fy, with shuddering, that the most exquisite suffer-
ings she ever endured, were not those appointed
by Nature, but those which, for week after week,
have worn down health and spirits, when nourish-
ing her child. And medical men teach us that
tlii."), in most cases, results I'rom a debility of coii-
atitulion consequent on the mismanagement of ear-
ly life. .And so frequent and so mournful arc these
and the other distresses that result from the failure
of the female constitution, that tlie writer has re-
pealcdiy heard mothers say, that they had wept
tears of bitterness over their infant daughters, at
the thought of the sufferings which they were dcs-

lllir

tined to undergo ; while they cherished the
ded wisli that these daughters should never r
At the same time, many a reflecting young w
is looking to her future prospects with very i
ent feelings and hopes from those which 1
dence designed.

American women are exposed to a far gi
amount of intellectual and moral excitement
those of any other land. Of course, in or
escape the danger resulting from this, a g
amount of exercise in the fresh air, and all
methods which strengthen the constitution, ar
periously required.

But instead of this, it will be found that, i
to the climate and customs of this nation,
are no women who securp so little of this boa'
and protecting regimen. Walking, and r:
and gardening, in the open air, arc practic
the women of other lands, to a far greater e;
than by American females. Most English w>
in the wealthier classes, are able to walk si:
eight miles on a stretch, without oppressive fat
and when they visit this country, always e»
their surprise at the inactive habits of Ame
ladies. In England, the regular daily exerci
the open air is very con)iiionly required b'
mother, as a part of daily duty, and is soug
young women as tin enjoyment. I-n conseqn L
of a different physical training, English womo f^
those circles that enjoy competency, preset lit
appearance which always strikes American gMji
men as a contrast to what they see at borne. L
English mother, at thirty or thirtyfive, is in thi C,
bloom of perfected womanhood ; as fr&sii and he
fill as her daughters. But wliere are the Ai
can mothers who can reach this period unl
and unworn? In America, young ladies 1;
wealthier classes, are sent to scliool from
childhood ; and neither parents nor teachers i
it a definito object to secure a proper ainou
fresh air and exercise, to counterbalance this i
Icctual taxation. As soon as they pass their 8<
days, dressing, visiting, evening parties, and st
lating amusements, take the phice of study, i
the most unliealthful modes of dress add to
physical exposures. To make -irrning call
do a little shopping, is all that can be called
exercise in the fresh air; and this, compare
what is needed, is absolutely nothing, and on (
accounts is worse than nothing. In ronsequi
of these, and other evils, that will be pointed
more at large in the following pages, the yc
women of America grow up with such a delii
of constitution, that probably eight out of ten
come subjects of disease cither before or as t
as they are called to tho responsibilities of dot
tic life.

Want of Employment and Cart, a cause of Dtbi'
"Inactivity of intellect and of feeling (says
Combe,) is a very frequent predisposing caus«
every form of nervous disease. For demonstrat
evidence of this position, we have only to look
the numerous victims to be found among pert
who have no call to exeition in gaining the me
of subsistence, and no objects of interest on wh
to exercise their mental faculties, and who con
quently sink into a state nf mental sloth and n
vous weakness. If we look abroad upon socil
wo shall find innumerable examples of mental i
nervous debility from this cause. When a pc
of some mental capacity is confined for a long!
to an unvarying round of employment, which

01.. XX. >0 HT.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T IJ R A L R K G I S T E Ji

•ill

neitlior acope nor stimulus fur one half of liis
Lies, mitl, from wmit of oduoaliuii or sociuty,

xlornnl resources ; Ilia mental powers, for
of exercise, bccoii.o blunted, and lua perccp-
slow and dull. The intellect and fcclinj^,
sing provided witli interests external to tlieni-
u.st eitlior become inactive and weak, or
upon themi>elve9 and become diseased."

Th( Htnefits of Lauglilrr.
other resource for family amusement, ia the
IS frames that are played by children, and in
the joining of older members of the family is
a a f^rcat iidvantnge to both parties. All

men unite in declnring, that nothing is
beneficial to health than hearty laughter;
jrely our benevolent Creator would not have
led risibles, and mndo it a source of health
ijoymcnt to use llieni, and then have madi; it
so to do. There has boon a tendency to as-
im on this subject, wliich needs to be remov-
Such commands as forbid Jooliiih laughing
eating, "tvJiich are not consenioit," and which
all idle wordii and vain conversation, cannot
to any thing but what is foolish, vain and
a. But jokes, laughter and sports, when
n such a degree as lends only to promote
, social feelings, and happiness, arc neither
bolisli, nor " nut convenient." It is tJic ex-
f these things, and not the moderate use of
that Scripture forbids. The prevailing tera-
the mind, should be cheerful, yet serious j
ere are times, when relaxation and laughter
jpcr for all. There is noUiing belter for
d, than that parents and older persons should
the sports of childhood. Mature minds can

make such sports more entertaining to
n, and can exert a healthful moral influence
leir minds ; and, at the same lime, can gain i
ic and amusement for ihemscK es. How la-
)le, that so many fathers, who could be thus
and happy wish their children, throw away
pportunjties, and wear out soul and body ir.
suit of gain or fame !

DISE.\SE AMONG HORSES,
■re is a strange disease prevalent amongst
particularly team horses, in this vicinity
apprehend the evil i.i extended. Some
teams are affected, and many valuable horses
ied. As it is not known what the disease
oarticular remedy can be applied. When
there is a stiffness of the joints, followed by
d limbs, body and head, and some are blind.
otrs yatla Gaz.

orrcspondcnt of the Boston Daily Advertiser

Editor — lam induced from a fondness for
■)blc animal, the horsr, to give you for publi-
recipe, which wa.' found eminently suc-
I last year, at the South, in curing the disease
revalent amongst the horses there ; which, I
as recently made its appearance here also,

already many valuable horses in this city.

disease is not described in veterinary books,
is highly infectious, and fatal if negected.
fmptoms are swelling of the legs, inflamma-
id weeping of the eyes, a good deal of fever,
metimes a running tf the nose,
ttended to in time, it readily yields to the
ing treatment, viz: — Bleed the horse freely
neck, mouth, or nose ; I prefer the latter ;

and give immediately s catlmrlie. ball, compmicd of
sulphur, copperas, and nitre, in the proportions of
three of imlphnr to two of copperas and one of ni-
tre ; the ball a* large as a pullnt'n egg. Then
givi' freely a strong solnticm of glniiber salts — an
morh as the horse will drink for Iwn or tlirso days,
and the cure will bo complete. The forage given
after the symptoms appear, HJioiild he, of course the
lightest and most cooling kind ; such, for instance,
as cornfodder and chopped straw, with a few oats,
vtc.

From the Maine Fanner. I

OLD THINGS.

Mr EniTOB — Perhaps the following remarks '
nny be like an old almanae, entirely out of »ca«m, \
hut if any one can profit by a ))cru.-:al uf them, I i
shall bo satisfied.

Theoretical persons are apt to condemn the eon- !
duct of their fathers in the maiiagciiient of their •
larnis. Although much may justly be cnndemncd, I
yet I am fully persuaded that very much may be
learned. These remarks have been elicited by
recollections of some of my father's notions on
farming. Although destilulo of scientific attain,
ments, he possessed a shrewdne.ss of character and
a cli>se power of observation that enabled him to
carry on his farm in such a way as to add several
hundred dollars to his real estate annually. But
what I wish to notice at prfsenl is, his method of
replenishing his barnyard with materials for ma-
nure. Soon after haying, when a neighboring
swamp which he called his^oW mine became suffi-
ciently dry for digging, he would take us boys
with a hired man to a spot a few yards from the
bank, and commence digging o trench jiarallcl to
the said bank, end throwing the muek in a ridge
towards it. By this process the muck was drained
and dried.

Now it is well known that muck contains carbo-
nic acid in loo great abundance for immediate ap-
plic.ntion to the soil ; but by this process, murli of
it escapes in drying. From 50 to 100 loads were
thrown up at a trifling expense in a single day.
As soon as the ground became frozen he would
set us to work hauling it into the barnyard where
was a reservoir siiflicienl to hold 300 loads, where
it laid tintil the next year, till it became saturated
with the salt from the neighboring manure heaps.
Now by these steps, lime was hardly necessary to
neutralize the acid, for by the time it wag ready to
be applied as manure, it was entirely free from it.
Another advantage arose from the division of labor.
For while draining the ditch we were kept shovel-
ling without the intermission of setting carts, be-
sides when ready to haul in the fall, it was so light
that a cart could soon be filled, and what without
draining would have roquircd two yoke, would now
be hastily accomplished wiili one.

I have another recollection in regard to the ap-
plication of muck directly from the swamp. There
was in the neighborhood of this swamp a barren
sand hill which would not produce any thing but
sheep sortel. A qtiantity of muck at the rate, as
near as I can recollect, of tJO or 70 loads to the
acre, was hauled on this hill in the month of Au-
gust, Slid spread so it became dry enough to burn,
and as soon as the rain came it slacked. It was
then ploweil in, and planted early the next spring
with potatoes, and such potatoes to cook you never
saw: their only fault was, they were too mealy to
hold together when boiling.

I A quantity of murk was likewise hauled on a
piece of ■iiuiiy iiionuig land soon after haying, and
spread. There wan n tlecidcd improvement in the
'crop the next year. I he lierdHgiass grew remarka-
bly stout, but not HO thick at the bottom.

It was ill this way that my fallicr from n poor
young man, remlerr.l himself an independent far-
mer, 'i'his muck heap wdm with him the regulator
of the market, for if hay brought a good price, ho
could sell it without seriously impairing the fertility
of his form, and if stock was the most profitable to
sell, he always had some on hand for the market.
I am awaro that old things may not be so welcome
to the readers of this go ahead generation an some-
thing new ; but I am quite sure that (f we wooJil
combine tlie new with the old, much greater pro-
gress would be made in agriciilluro. 'J'ho more I
examine farming as a science, tire more I am con-
vinced that scientific farming con<tf^is in the appli-
cation of -very simple principles within the reach of
every individual. AGRICOLA.

HINTS FOR THE SE.\S')N.

Winter is now upon us — and the farmer must
be vigilant to secure what he has gained by the
labor of summer. Flocks and herds need close
attention, or they will soon lose nnich that has
been gained by a half year's care.

Animals thrive rapidly in warm weather; — this
thriving may be continued through winter, by crea-
ting artificially the advantages of summer ; — (or in-
stance,

The green and succulent food of summer is imi-
tated by feeding roots copiously ;

'I'he comfort of summer may in degree be cob.
fcrred -by having good stables and other shelters;

And other tilings may add materially to these,
as the frequent salting of food ; the fiee use of
good litler; and constant supply of pure fresh wa-
ter;

To feed an anima' on dry food exclusively,
would be like foe^in: a man -on dry Indian meal,
which would be'raU.er hard;

To deprive it of shelter, would be like making'
a man sleep in the snow-drift, wnich would be^<l<>
er cold ;

And to li prive a man of dr<nk and condiment,
he would liiiiik was short allowance. All would
have a te idency to thin oif his flesh ; and wiiat
would reduce the flesh of a man, would tend lo re-
duce the licsh of an aivimal. A want of comfort
is a waste of flesh.

Horses thai have run to grass all the past sea-
son, should uol be kept on dry hay and grain ; the
danger of disease, so conuiioii at this season, would
be greatly lessened, if they had a liberal supply of
roots. They soon learn to cat all kinds.

Be very careful not to waste fodder — have good
racks and feeding troughs.

Chop up cornstalks finely for cattle ; the body of
the stalks, usually wasted, is the richest part. If
Win. Webb, of Delaware, can make 1000 lbs. of
sugar from an acre of cornstalks, after the leave*
are stripped off, such rich and sugary fodder should
not be thrown away. Salt it and meal it, and they
will soon eat it.

Straw or coarse hay, sprinkled with brine, is
readily eaten by cattle, and the salt does them
good.

Repair broken tools. Thresh your grain before
the rats eat it. — .Vtic Gtneste Far.

•212

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JAN. n. 184

Forlho N. E. Farmer.

MUCK, &.C.
Mil Editor — .At tlio earnest solicitation of your
correspondent, "J. H. D.," I will tfivo you some of
my experience with the use of muck. It is now
four years since 1 coinineiiced llio use of it, and
from \.\\p crops llmt 1 have obtained wliorc it was

kinds, namely, the leafy matters taken from some
wet hole; and also peat earth, sicamp muck, peat
and the like — but we exclude the last, that is, the
henvii earthy matters which are sometimes desig-
nated by that name.

The word, as we use it, embraces substances
that are very nnoqual in value as manures. 'I he
inequality may arise from the diffeient properties

..II .1 c . 1 ~ inftlip [reus which orininaHv covered the swamp
nropcrlv anp ed. think it must be of <rroil value. 1°' "le trees wn lu on iubi y i-

propcrijaiH ' . , , . ".. and its surronndius uplands ; from the dilTerenl de-

jrrers of decay wliicli the vcnrelable matters have

The first season I planted a pioco of potatoes
containing 82 rods, manured with 19 loads of com
post formed of muck, taken from a swamp the suui
mer previous,
with manure from my sheep pens, probably

underaone, and from iIlc peculiar properties of the

ud n„xed in the month of April ! waters which ooze up fr«m below and impart of

tj their propert-es to the muck or peat._ iNo one

finds the peat or

flbout

four loads of manure to fuo uf muck. Fcrmeula- should inler thai because A.
tionsoon commenced, and the heap was once turn- muck from his wet meadow, swamp or m k hole
Produce from the 82 rods. 340 bushels. The , very valuable, that therefore B. will find the mat-

cd.

next season the same ground was sown to ruta ba-
gas, dressed with eleven loads of compost, similar
to that used the previous year : produce, 50.5 bush-
els. I also planted one piece with potatoes, using
nmck in a raw stiitc, williout any apparent benefit.
The last season I planted one acre to corn, manured
with .'50 loads, manufactured by my hogs from muck,
brakes, &c.; produce 75 bushels.

I liave also used considerable on grass groand,
which I spread in the full, apparently with good
effect. Fro;n what experience I liave had wiiii
muck, I have come to the conclusion that it is more
beneficial to mix it with manure, or some other
substance that will cause fermentation.

In another part of the paper containing J. H. D.'s
re'iuej't, I notice an account of the destruction of
the turnip crop in England. Having the last sea-
son lost my rutii baga crop by the same means, I
have tried to investigate the cause of the maggot,
and have come to the conclusion that they were
produceil liy the manure. The land on which they
were sown, had been in grass for several years
l)revious to 1640, when it was broken up and plant-
ed with potatoes, using very hlile manure. About
the middle of Juno last, it was sown to ruta baga,
having been dressed with a heavy coat of compost,
formed of manure taken from the hog-pen, and
barii. While the

ters which compose his low lands equally good.
The fair presumption is, that if these matters are
found, when skilfully used, of service on one farm,
tint it is worth one's while to ascertain by fair ex-
periment, whether similar matters on ar.othcr farm
are not well worth using there also.

When farmers give details of their experirnenle,
they would render them more valuable by describ-
ing as accurately as they can, the appearance of
the muck, its color, its tendency to pulverize or be-
come fine under the actiim of the sun or of frost,
its degree of decay, its freedom from fibrous roots,
or its fulness of such roots ; by telling also the
kind of wood whicli is found imbedded in the muck ;
the kind of earth whicli surrounds the muck hole or
swamp, the nature of the bed on which the muck
rests, and whether the waters running from the
meadow deposite any mineral substance. When
these things are described, the descriptlim helps
other farmers to means of judging whether they
have on their premises an article like the one de-
scribed.

The success of Mr Smith, as related in the com-
munication above, is certainly uncommon, and is a
valuable testimony to the worth of his muck. Near-
ly ()30 bushels of potatoes and 1000 of ru'a bagas
per acre, are extraordinary crops.
1 Not less valuable is the remark t)mt in a raw
Luk.... t.-v-.i 11. .uC. u.c Sarii. .. iii.e ir.e '"-"i^ Lia(g (by which we infer its state when first taken

«,a8 fermenting ,t was infested with swarms of | ^.^^^^^ ii/bed-unfrozen-undried)-not less valua-

small flies, which r have no doubt were depositing

their eggs, which produced the maggot. I think

the evil might have been avoided had the compost

From the Journal of the English Agricultural Societ'

TURNirS.

Proper distance for the Plant? Swede tur.

with dung are sown upon drills of llie width of * «
inches from centre to centre ; and wlule turnips '
drills from 28 to 30 inches ; witli bone man
and for spring food, a width of 2(i inches is si
cient. The quantity of seed used is 2 lbs
white, and 3 lbs. of Swedish per acre. Kor
purpose of clearing and working the land efTer
ally between the rows, it is of srr-at importa |"
that room enough be given for the action of
small plow and sciiffler, and that the drills be )
fectly straight. In a district whore such a brea
of turnips is cultivated, and which affords but ^^
populous villages and towns to supply e.\tra la .
rers, it is necessary that as much of this kinij

!,'«
(lie

•III

(I

$<

bio is his remark that in this state it produces no
benefit. The great difficulty has generally been
that farmers have applied muck before it has lost
the acidity (sourness) which belongs to it when it
is first dug. Perhaps however, the gentleman
means that lie used it unmixed with any manure,
and found it of little value. If so his experience
is valuable. All experience, or nearly all, makes
muck worth more for forming compost, than for usi;
in an unmixed state.

Kroin some experience and more observation,
we have for some time believed that strong ma-
nures from the ham-yard or the hog-yard, oftener
produce luxuriant foliage, worms and rot, in the
ruta baj!a,than thry do large and fair roots. We
natters, mostly leaves found in some moist or wet i have- little doubt that .Mr Smith is correct in as-

holc, and having no fibrous roots among it, and no I cribing the existence of the worms to the kind of

tenacity. Others include in tlo' ti'rm, ;jen< in all inunure used. It is possible that by the earlier

its different degrees of solidity and firmness — and

others still apply it even to matters taken from

low lands which are wet and heavy and which re-
main rather heavy after fieezing and drying. As

a necessary conse(|uence from this, the term is of-

ten made to convey to many readers, ideas which

the writer of the word had no intention of cniivcy-

iiig. Our use of it niakcs it include the first two

been prepared earlier in the season, or of materials
less attractive to the fly.

As you have called for h'lp, if yon think the
above will be of any service, it is at your disposal.
Respectfully, yours,

EBENEZKR SMITH.
Middlfield, Dee. Q2d, 1841.

Meaning ff the term MfCK.— We find this word
hearing different significations, not merely in differ-
ent sections of the country, but also in different
coiiiiticB and neighborhoods of our own Slate.
Some apply it exclusively to ilrcayed vegelabl

mixing ol' his heap he may avoid the evil, but we
should only expect him to lessen it, not nmove it —
while III' has so much hog manure in the composi-
tion applied.

Wc thuuk Mr Smith for this "help," and sliall
be jrraicful for more favors of like kind. — En. N. E. l".

Do 'nt your harnesses want oiling ?

work as possible be done by horsehoeing, leavi T
to manual operation only the thinning of thepla
anil removing weeds from the top of the drill
latter is light work, and is performed with gi
quicknes.s and dexterity by young women and b
who strike the hoe through the young plants
way which, to a stranger to the process, coi
the idea of utter doslruction, hut is found to le
a siillicieiit number, and those the strongest, alv
regular intervals. To give rocm for a full ci
whe'C land and other circumstances are favoral
swede turniiis should be allowed an interval o
inches between the jilants in t!io row; and wl
turnips from 10 to 12, although on poor lund, w P"
late sowing, inferior manure, and for spring fooa *■■
will be prudent to leave them much closer.
large weight cannot be produced but from la
bulbs. A moment's consideration will siiow t
the last inch in the diameter of a large turiii]i, i
of itself be equal to several small ones; even
this, however, a medium is to be observed, for v
large turnips, if not consumed early, do not sti
long, and are inferior in nutritious quality.

The arerase Crop in .Yorlhumberland, (the .V5«
(f England.) — It would not be safe to siato
average produce of the district al more than 25 1
tor swedes and 2d for white turnips, wlien clea
of top and root — although 40 tons have been gro
and 35 are not uncommon — but such largo weig
are only produced by an extra quantity of du
which endangers the succeeding crop of corn
lodging, and consequently the grass seeds ak
with it: of the latter, the kind which produces i
largest bulk is the tankard, but from its shape a
size it is so much above the ground that it is
jurrd by the earliest frost, and it is therefore ad
sable to sow it only on such land, and m su
quantity as is intended to be fed off by Ciiintn
at latest. Next to it is the globe turnip, "Inch,
the seed be raised from well selected plants, pi
serves a good shape and nutritious quality. Set
ral varieties of the Swedish kind and uU
brids arc cultivated, each probably p
properties which render them applicable t>
situations, but which it is unnecessary tier
of in detail.

Mode of Tillage. — The first operation upon li
nip drills, so soon as the plants are of Kutficie
size to bear it, is to take the soil from tip side
the drill with the small smgle-hoise plow,
along one side and returning on the otiitr, vvhiii
cuts down also any weeds that may have sprui
up, and lays them in the hollow of the drill ; tl
plants are then thinned and the top of the dr

of I

rul,

H ifoi., XX. NO. ■Jr.

AND II O 11 T I C U L T U R A h K E G I S T K R .

•213

noil of weeds, wlilcli nre iiUo ilrnwn into the

onr by liaiidliociii);. Wlicro bono dust liu

n iisod, it \s rocoiiimonilcd rntlicr In thin tlio

iK by pulliivi; than by (>trikin>; (lie lior throupli

^ n, nn \n lliiM way loss of llio bone innnuro in

,j wn off from llie root« of llic lurni|is. Aflor ten

wclvc day!), when the weeds have hud time to

I ler and tlio pUnli have recovered ihcir uprinhi

tion, a sciilHcr is run alonjf between the rows,

iiifj the s.iil «hich llio little plow hnd laid

e, and sinkinj; tlic wccila with which it is mix

, the turnips are again hand-hoed, and after a

Ic, unless a tendency to weeds renders another

in<r necessnry, in winch case the sciilller may

ifjBin applied, also, s double mould-board plow

iin alonj, layniff the soil back against the sides

he drill, but not so hi<;fh as ot all to cover up

bulb, which would prevent the frrowth of the

lip. This is the linishinj process, previous to

h the little plow and scntfler will have been

MANNER OF SOWING GRASS SKED IN

ENGLAND.

Grass sccdc are universally sown by a drill

which lays them with great ro^'iilurity, and avoids

:ili the inconvenieiu'o and uiici|iial dlvlribution <ic-

casiuneil by iiiifavorablo winds in Noninj; by hand.

It is drawn by one horse, and ntlrndud by u man

who drives the horse with reins while ho walks

behind the mncliine and sees that all is poin^ riiflil.

I Till! horse walks in the furrow between the rid^jos,

j which keeps him in a straij.'lit course, and the ma-

cliiiio sows to the middlo of tlin n<l|;es on each side,

j lipiMij constructed to sow 12 or l.'i feci, as may he

I required, and to deliver various quantities of seed,

uccordiiiff to the amount per acre wished to be

'sown. All descriptions of seeds intended for sow.

I injf, arc mi.ved thoroughly together by frequent

i turning on the granary (loor before being carried

I to tl>e Held and put into the niacliine. A man and

, , , , , liorsn will easily sow 30 acres in a day on ridges

e or ess frenuentlv emplovcd, as the tondcncv ' ,-irr . i o i i .

' , ■ ,. \. , , I ,. ■ I ol 1.1 teot wide. !>ecds sown upon wheat arc coin-

or an unkindiv state of the land from ! , ,, , i i- i .i i i .i -.i u

, , ■ ,, I in Milv rolled and lightly harrowed ; those with bar-

vv rains or other causes, may render advisab e. , ■ . .i •• ■ . .i

• . , , , lev arc sown at the same time, j. e., previous to the

;re is, however, great truth in the common say- , '. , -.i .i i u i ■ i .i i

' , *^. , last turn with the harrow by which the seeds arc

■' the more the irons are among the turnips,

I the leaves begin to spre.id across the inlcr-
> between the rows, the better ;" even if there

no weeds to overcome, the turning back and
»ard of the soil, and the free admission of air,
c a great effect in promoting the health and
wih of the plants.

Properties nf the Turnip affected by Soil and Cli-
e. — The superior feeding quality of the turnips

sorllmmberland and the counties north of Tweed
e-xoilod the surprise of agriculturists from Cain-
ge and other counties where good turnips arc

Juced, but which they say will not bring stock

naturily without adventitious aid. This may
from a coinbination of causes — the greater

bility and loaniincss of the soil, the larger sixe

the turnips and their more solid texture, from
greater moisture in general of the climate.

ry are certainly less subject to the ravages of
fly at the ou'.set, and of mildew afterwards ; for

covered, a roller following to leave a smooth sur
face. The seeds sown consist of a mixture of
red and white clover, a little trefoil, perennial rye
grass, and occasionally timothy or Italian rye gra.^s
and cocksfoot : in the portion intended for hay, a
larger quantity of red cimer is introduced and less
of some of the others: clover hay is thought to bo
improved for horse feed by a rai.vturc of rye grass,
anil it is more easily made.

The drill for sowing grass seeds is an important
improvement (by its equal distribution of the seed
over the land, its capability of sowing in any wind,
and its lightness, with which a man and horse can
easily sow thirty acres a day,) over the old plan of
sowing by hand, which was obstructed by wind
and rain, and where one patch wonld be found
much too thick and another destitute of plants, so
as to leave a good deal of land unoccupied. It is
not possible to ascertain the fa-.l with precision.

but 1 do not hesitate to stale an opinion, that l-nd
ugh frequently attacked by the fly, they arc I sown by such a machine will produce ii-.iire li.->y,
dom overcome by it. Their success in this re- and grcize a greater quantity of stock than that lelt

ct may be mainly ascribed to the vigor with

ich the plants generally come up in consequence

the mode of cultivation : pains are taken to have

anure in a proper stage of fermentation, so

t it may be spread smoking in the drills and

ered up immediately — a process (that of fermen-

on) which it is belter should go on under the

face than above it, although in a crop like lur-

I, where the object is to produce an immediate

ect, nothing being of so much impoitaneo to its

cess as a rapid and unchecked growth in the

t stage, a more advanced stage of decomposition

necessary than in the case of wheat and crops

ich continue for many months to flraw their

urishment from the soil and the manure incorpo-

ed with it. The Northumberland farmer places

manure, of whatever kind, in the situation

lere the plants must at once strike into it, and

the more delighted the greater ilifficulty he ex-

riences in keeping up with hoeing tliem ; while

3 mode of sowing, much used in the midland

unties, upon a flat surface with a large portion

the dung drawn to the top and left to the influ-

ce of the sun and wind, fills him with astonish-

ent.

Do'nt forget to card the cows daily.

in the patchy condition which follows the unequal
distribution of small seeds liy the hand, subject al-
ways to the fitful iiifliirnce of the wind.s. Corn
drills arc not in general use, because the land is
well cleaned for the turnip crop, and unless for the
extirpation of weeds, broad-cast sowing produces
more corn, the land being more erpially accessible
by the roots, which draw nourishment from all its
parts; whereas in drills tley are clustered in nar-
row rows, and the ears arc less regularly exposed
to the sun, especially if the drills lie from cast to
west. Rollers, scufflers, scarifiers, and other im-
plements, are imicli the same as those found in
other districts ; the double turnip driil with rollers,
sowing two rows at once, is universally used. —
Jour. Eng. Jltrr- Soe.

his own olfspring. lions above tho coiniiiun size
of their rCKperiive varieties, arc by no moans pre-
fnrablo cither os loy<'rs or setters. Tho indica-
tions of old ngi- are paleness of the comb nnd gills,
I dullness nf color, a sort of stitViicHi in the down
' and feathers, len/ftli and sizn of tslnns, and the
Ixcnlrsupon the legs becoming large and pruiiii-
i nent.

Qualijiculionii of <i Poullrii-kefper.—\ncxtent\vo
farms, there must nlwiiys bo a person that can bo
depended on, fur the management of fowls, nn of-

I fice usually entrusted to an elderly woman nr a

j girl. To acquit herself |>ropcrly of this employ,
she must be cleanly, careful, mild, patient, clever,
attentive and vigilant; when all these qiinlilios arc

< combined in her, she is a perfect treasure, and
ought not to be pirted with for slight cause.

ller first duty in coming into office, is to try to
render herself liked by the fowls the management
of which is cnlnistcd to her, to maintain peace

I amongst them, to settle their quarrels, to make her-
self acquainted with the peculiar disposition of
each, to distinguish those that are not so shy, by
speaking to them in a language which they under-
stand, and by evincing her affection for them by
caressing gestures. No one except the keeper
whom the fowls knoiv, and the voice and si»ht of
whom rejoices them, must go into the hen house,
for fear of scaring or disturbing tho hen< in laying.
The inconvenience would be still greater, were a
stranger to go and disturb them when they are
silting, or tending their chickens.
The keeper should also know —

1. That raisin stones stop the laying of hens,
and that during which time their use must be for-
bade them.

2. That very nourishing and slightly salted food
are favorable to it.

3. That the pip giving notice that the hens have
experienced a dearth of water, or have drank some
foul, she must, after making them undergo the oper-
ation which is proper in this case, pay attention
in. giving them always plenty of good water, being
oaraful to let them have it lukewarm in winter.
'%<!. That in a looseness occasioned by too moist
food, she must give them that which is dry and
rather astringent.

.5. That in costivencss, it is useful to employ
loosening food, such as beet root, lettuce. &c.

6. That in ihe itch, or other diseases of the skin,
it is good to cool them with potherbs chopped up
and mixed with bran soaked in water.

7. That when they have the gout, she is warned
to take more care of the hen house.

S. That when the shells of the eggs are rather
soft, it is because they are rather inclined to turn
fat. It is then proper t^i diminish their proportion ;
it is also proper to mix up a little chalk in their
water, and to put a little brick-dust in their victuals.

9. In fine, that she must avoid giving them paste
of bitter almonds destitute of oil, bitter .iliiionda
being poison to them BoswelPs PouUnj Yard.

POULTRY.
Sij^ns of He nil h and .l^e in Fowls. — The health
of fowls is observable in the fresh and florid color
of the comb, and the brightness and dryness of the
eyes, ilie nostrils being free from any discharge,
and the plumage of a healthy gloss. The most
useful cock is generally a bold, but savage and
active bird, cruel and destructive to his hens, in
his fits of passion, if not well watched, nnd even to

Ji wife tporth having. — Miss Charlotte Mitchell,
of t-'forgia, was recently married; and on her
wrddiiig^diy appeared dressed entirely in sillc nf
her own ma'nufacture — cap, glove.s, stockings and
dress— equal to the best pongee. Lr.dies, do you
hear that? Such a girl, says the Baltimore Re-
publican, would ho worth more to a young man
just starting in the world, than a thousand dol-
lar farm, and half a dozen pianos to boot.

-14

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JAN. S, 18«S.

Wl

AM> HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER.

THE NEW YEAR.

VVi! miglil comply with custom, and wish our readers
and friends " a H.-ijipy New Year," were not llie year a
f.w days old bcfure we liave an opportunity tn speak.
Lit that pas.-i.

Farmers now should square accounts wiili neiglibors
and all with whom ihey have dealings. If the money
is not on liami, foot up the books and adjust matters so
lliat nothing shall remain to be done but t4> hand over
tho money when il comes.

Also, tommenco keppin:; accurate accounts of all
moneys receive{i :md paid in IS42. Likewise procure a
bo ik in which to keep a regular account of all work, all
tnodes of culture, and all crops during the year. If this
woik be new, it will be fuund convenient and profilal.lc.

De constantly getting thirgs in preparation f"r spring
and summer use on the farm — fuel, fencing stuff, tools,
&c. should be got in readiness for use while winter
lasts.

I'lans of operation for the next season should ce form-
ed and matured.

Let induslry, economy and good husbandry be resolv-
ed upon now and carried out through the year. — While
these things are attended to, forget not the higher duiies
of honesty, temperance, command of temper, kindness
to man, and faithful service of God. Remembering and
doing these things, theiiew year when it shall have be-
come old, will have been a hap^y one.

THK IN.STITUTION OF PLOWING MATCHES-
JOHN PRINCE, KSa , OF ROXBUKV.
U'e know not when plowing matches were first insti-
tuted in England ; but tliB first in this country was held
in Pitlslicld, Berkshire county, Mn.is., in 1817. While,
however, o county society was llie first to put in practice
here this means of benefiting agriculture, we have little
doubt that the publication by the State Soci':lv of its in-
tention in August, JS17, to liave a plowing match at
Biighton, in October fi>llowing, suggested the idea to
the people in lierk«liire, who )u-li their cattle show a
week or two earlier. Before Uie otlicers of the State
Society, this project was brought-forward by John
Prince, Esq. To liim, more than to any otlier man, are
the farmers of the Commonwealth indebted for whatever
good has reaulled fr<un thcfo cunlcsts with the plow.
Mr Prince also imjjortcd in 1817, tin: first plow with i
cait iron mould board, which was used in these contests
of skill, and thus furnished a nindel which has been
adopted and improved upon until iho old wdoden mould-
board plows liave disappdared from all ihe fields of tho
State. And not in this matter only but in various wuys
and for many years has Mr Prince been laboring and
appropriating means to advance and bonelii tho cause of
agriculture. Few men among us have done muie for
tlie farmers generally, than this gentleman. Not merely
has he made, and often made, " two blades of grass
grow wlierc but one grew before," but his imporlatiohs
offruit trees, of agricultural implements, and of domo's-
tic animals, have furnished for many an orcliard choice
trees, for many a laborei mora convenient tools, for many
a farmer better stock.

Massachusells Legislature.— Th'i* day the law-maUors
of the Commonwealth assemble to commence I 'icir la-
bors. We tiUBl that ihey will work as vigorously and
faithfully for the State, as they would wish individuals
in their private employ to work for them.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF THE UNITED
STATES.

This national Society has been formed. Its Constitu-
tion is given on another page of this paper. We must
omit notice at present of many of its features. But there
are one or two points which we will notice now.

The government is, very judiciously, to be confided to
a few men, and those are to reside near each other.
Under any other arrangement, nothing could be expect-
ed but delays and inefficiency. But even now the pro-
ject will fail, unless ihe Board of Control shall be com-
posed of 7;icn of the right stamp. Upon the judicious se-
lection of these officers, hangs thr question of life and
death, or nearly that, with the Society. If these are
prudent, economical, discreel and ';fBcicnt mi;n, all may
go well. If, on the conlrary, they are hasty, extrava-
gant, and t'llkers rather than jrorAcr^, tho institution
will become embarrassed and must die. Here is the
grand point to be attended to by tho?e xvlio are acting in
this matter. This is what we wanted to say, end to say
now. It is important to he wise and cautious in the
choice of the Board vf Control

Should the Society flourish, and should a farm be cul-
tivated under its direction, we hnpo that measures will
be taken there to procure a thorough analysis of each
variety of soil and subsoil upon the farm ; and also of
every common cultivated plant, and of every different
manure.

We have often felt the want of trustworthy tables,
giving the chemical composition of every grain and its
stalk — of every root that is used for food — of every
thing in short that the agriculturist cultivat.'^s as an im-
portant crop ; and in addition to this, we have w ant(;d to
know what all the common manures are composed of
Had we such tables, the question, and it is an important
one, could be settled, wholhcr chemistry can lead us
safely to a wise and successful adaptation of manures to
particular crops. Such tables when constructed, would
be useful every where, if u^e^ul any where.

On the proposed farm we hope that the chemical com-
position of the soil, of every thing applied to the auil,
and of every crop taken frtuii the soil, will be ascertain-
ed. To do this will require the scfvices of ihe very
beet chemist for a yiar or years; and, also, an experi-
enced and competent man should direct till the opera-
tions in the fiuld,and note the results. Nothing here
should be left to conjecture.

We speak of MorouwA analyses, and emphasize tho
word ; we do this because very fertile soils and some
that arc almost barren, in some instances, are found to
differ from eacli other but little in their composition
We have heard that soil from the fertile banks of ihe
Nile, has 07 of its parts in 100, precisely the same as
exist in tho almost barren soil on Sekonk plains. This
shows that only thrt'o parts in un hundred, taken from
or added to a soil, may change it fiom fertile to barren
or from barren to fertile. If then barrenness and fertili-
ty lie within 3 per ceiil. of eacfi other, no analyses are
of any woith but thosu which arc strictly aocurite and
full.

Such analyses, we believe, have never yet been made,
excepting in tho case of a comparatively few articles.
All opportunity, as we judge, may now occur for neconi-
plishing a valuable object which has never yet, in any
country, been (airly attempted. Wo trust that here,
when the work goes on, tho question will be settled,
wherein ond how far scirnco may be Iho safe guide of
art in matters of husbandry.

Farmers at the Ntirth and F.o<l, even though they may
never think of meeting with tho Society, should remem-
ber that the payment of the small sum which is requir-
ed to constitute llieniselves members, will bo valuoblo

aid to tliosc who are moving in ths measure, which
designed to be of national benefit.

At some future time, we may notice the other objec
of Ibe Society, and perhaps explain more lully our view 0t
upon the importance of bringing science and art iot ^|
iheir closest possible union in the operations upon tit
experimental or model farm.

WESTERN RAILROAD.

This road is now open to Albany. Last week tb-
city otEcers of Boston, in company with many othe
gentlemen, made a visit to Albany, where they wcr
feasted and toasted profusely. On their return, tho'
took with them the government of Albany, and in ihei
turn gave tlie feast and toasts, &c. The iron roui
whicli now aflfoids an easy communication between tbii I',
city and the Slate of New York through its wholf '!"■
length to the Lakes, promises to add much to ihe biiai.
ness and growth of Boston.

Candles wori! used for lighting the iiall in Albany, m
Monday evening, which wore made in New Bedford oa
Monday morning. On Wedi esday evening, in Boston,
the company feasted upon cakes made from flour, th*
wheat for whicli was threshed in Rochester on Mondw
morning, and the barrel in wjiich it was brought com-
posed in part a standing tree, on Monday morning

FARMERS' MEETINGS AT THE STATE HOUSB.J

We trust that such members of the Legislature a<i -.re
interested in Agriculture, will at an early day in ■;
session, reinstilute such meetings for the discussiM.i oi
questions connected with this great branch of industry,
as have been held in years past. Hitherto the meolinga
have been inleresling and instructive.

I

THE BOSTON ALMANAC.

Tlie seventh number of this useful annual, by S
Dickinson, (Thos. Groom & Co., publishers, 82 Stak
Street,) has made iU appearance. For people in tlH
cily, and such as aie accustomed to visit and do busineL
hero, this is an exceedingly convenient and useful liul?
work. We happen to know that ono young man,»
siranger, wl.o commenced mirketing hero the last au-
tumn, found this a safe and sufficient guide toevcry part
of iho city , and to every man who deals in such articlei
us he had to dispose of.

BUEL-8 FARMERS COMPANION.
.•\ third edition, revised and enlarged, of this valuabit
work, has just been published by Marsh, Capen, l,yo»
>iiid Webb. The sound judgment and clear style of th«
iaie Judge Buel ns a writer upon agriculture, are so uni- .
versoUy known that any thing we might say in commen-
dntionof this work, would be superfluous. Thoauthor'f
name alone tells all that iieud lie said for the body of
the work. Tho glotsarf or definition of terms, and the
ind.x in this edition, are very full. Tlie work may ba
very safely recommended to the farming community,
as one well worth their purchase and perusal.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Saturday, Jon. 1, 1.''4-.
liemsrkably largo and fine specimens of Celery wcro
exhibited by Mr Samuel C. Mann, of Dedham.

SAME PO.NI).

When we cannot engage in an undertaking with the
approbation of conscience, wc may be tuic we are wronj
if wo proceed. A feeling of self graiulalion alwars ac-
companies an eflort to do right, though it result in ca-
lamity to ourselves.

*VOI<. XX. N'rt. UT.

A X D II 0 R T I C U L T U 11 A L R E G I S T E 11 .

•215

rilK.UMOMKTKKAl.
KoiltI'iUliiIic Nrw Rnjl in.l rnniici.
lU '^-of lUc rhrrmoiHflrrnl ihc (mnlcuof tlio pro|>riiMi>r«
llw Now Eoulnnil F»nner, Urighlon. M»m. in « ilHxIr.)
Milir.'ly cspoiare, fcrilw we*k mtling J>d. 8.

J«n. 1S42. I e.A.M. 1 12, M. | S.P.M. | Winrf.

omliy,
■.lav.
'«.liieMl»)r,
ur>d.iv,
id.iv, ■
lurJoy,
iml.iv.

ar

34

3C

S8

3i

31

36-

31

39

34

as

3«

a I 3i I

I 3S

N. E.
E.

N. E
S.E.
S. w.

I .W.

wool,. Duly. Tlic raluc wliirc.il ul llic y-- >

IMutnlinn klmll iml t'lcrcil H cl». pcriU'Uml, fmv An .'■'■:■■
I'l llio vnluf ricvcds b cli. per pound, 3".' j>tr ct. nd t«l. and

4 >n per pound.

Liiniird sal«9 or (l«erci and pulird ot pricn wilbin ihr
liuiiin of our f|uu(alious.

I'riine or Suiony l-'loi-cr». wnthrd, Ih 47 n 00 c.--Amrr.
ican full I'lood.do 43 a 4»--Uo 3 4iln40 n 4 1 - l>o. I -'i do
a a 37 — 1-4 and coinmou do 3U a 32 — Smyrna Slicep,
wnthcd, 20 a 26— Do. uiiwaslicd, In a I4--Ilctign»i no

5 a 10 — Saxon| i, — llucnoa Ayn-n iinpu'Urd
do i.iclccil, 12 a I " .. « .

*— No. 1 do. do.

a 42- ...

No. 3 do do do Id a 20.

.— ,., r-- « 10—

SuiHTfinc Norllwrn pulled Inmli 37
6 u 37 — No. a do do do 25 a 30-

lIKUill ro.N MARKKT.— .MoNDAi, Jan. 3, l«42.

I!rl«.rlrjfurtll» .\ew Enflnnil Fnilllft.

Ai .M.irkel 3d) Bn«l Cattle, 2100 Slicep ami 210
iriiio ,

l'i.icr.a.— net/ Cattle. Wa quoto to rorrcspond with
)t » t'l'k ; about iho same prices were obtained lor a like
lalilv. Kirot qiMlilv, $.5 50 a 5 75. Serond quality,
I Toa 5 25. TLiid qualilv $3 50 a 4 50.
SAcr/i.— We iiolieed a few" lieautiful sheep, but could
ilobliHi the price lh«y were sold fur. We qaolo lots
^1 I .', $1 37. $1 02, $1 88, and .$2 25.
bKine.—\ selected lot to peddle 3 14 and 4 1-4; a
to close nearly all barrows, 3 1-2 Ai retail, fnim 4
6.

POt;HRETTE.

GOO Barrels Poudrelle mav be had on nppliealion to ibc
I subscriber, at »2 per barrel of four busbels cncli— delivered
! oil board of vo>!.el in ibis city. Orders bv mail, enclosing
ihe money will be promptly altenJcd to, if^ reeeivrd soon by
n. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nassau st , New Vork.
Jan, G, 1312.

WILLIS'S' I.ATEST IMPROVED VEGETABLE:
CUTTER.

MHOLES.\LE PBICES CURRENT.

Corrected uUh great care, weekly.
SEEDS. Herils Grass, ^ 00 to 3 25 per bushel. Red Top,
to 53 cents. Clover— Nonhern, 13c.— Southern, 12 to 13 c.
Seed. St ^5 to 1 85 bu. Lucerne, 23 c. per lb. Ga-
ry Seed, 85 per bushel.

, LOUR. There has been considerable Flour sold this
lek, at previous reiwrled prices, comprising 3000 hbls.
?c common, 86 1-4, and fancy, 6 3-8 cash ; 500 hbls.
lorsielnwn. $6 44 a 6 50 per bhi. ; 200 ilo. Alexandria *6
\6 37 : 300 d.>. Fredericksburg, S6 25 a S 37, 4 mos. ;
0 do. Howard sticet S6 37 a 6 50, 4 mos. credit.
The quantity of flour received at this port for the year
ding 3lst Decemlier, 1341, was —
From .\cw Vork, 239,114 bMs.

Albany, "6,691 "

Kiagston, 34 " 316,835

" Baltimore,

" New Orleans,

" Fredericksburg, ,

" Richmond,

" Georgetown,

" Alexandria,

" Petersburg,

" N..rfolk,

" Philadelphia,

" Forts in Dcleware,

" New Jersey,

'« Connecticut,

" Massachusetts,.

" New Hampshire,

" Maine,

Total bbls.
In 1340,
In 1339,
In 1833,
In 1837,
■kimore Howard Street,

02,740
62,334
31,900
17,031
18,016
12,962

6,002

676

42,993 '

1.027
100

61-9

574,233
550,359
461,667
379,704
4 i3,246
mos. cr. $6 37— do. wharf,

25— do. free of garlic, 86 37 — Philadelphia do. 4 mos.

25 a6 31 — Fredericksburg, lowered, 4 mos. 86 23 a 6 31
Alexandria, wharf mountain, 86 25 a 6 31— Georcetown,

37 a 6 50— Richmond Canal, 86 31— do. City, 87 00—
-ncsee, common, cash, 86 25— do. fancy brands 86 37
o via Canal, 86,00 a 6 12— Indian Meal in bbls., 33 00
3 2-1.

PROVISIONS But little doing, and prices of the last
lek for most articles continued.

Beet— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. SlO 00— Navy— Ja 50 a 8 00
No 1 8* 00— do Prime 83 00 a 5 50— Pork— Extra clear,
BO. bbl. 813— do Clear 811 a 12— do Mess 83 50 a 9 60
do Prime 87 00. a r 60— do Mess from other Sutes 83 26
) 50 — do Prime 87 00 a 7 50.

GRAIN. There is a large stock of Grain in market, and
kes are still depressed. Sales Southern while Corn. 67 a
c; old crop. 59 a 60c ; yellow flat, 60 a 03c. ; some parcels
ime old vellow flal, 64c. ; and northern round, 69 a 70c. ;
00 bushels Delaware Oats, 43c. per bushel.
HAY, per ton. 820 to 25- Eastern Screwed 817 to 19.
CHEESEi— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New S to8.

BGGS, I6a26.

Thi» machine surpasses all others for ihe pnrpose of cut
ting Ruta Bags, Manuel Wurlzel, and olbcr roots The
great objection lo other in.icliincs, is their culling Ihe roots
into slices, which mikes it almost impossible (br ihe canle
10 get hold of ihem ; tins machine with a lillle alteration,
cuts them into lar^e or small pierrs. of such shape as is most
convenient forihe cattle to eat. ll will cut witfr ease from-
one to two bushel* of roots per minute.

Forsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural WaKhouse. No 51 and 52 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. 1

APPLE PAREltS.

Just received at ihe New England Agricnltur.il Ware
house. No St and 52 North Market Street, a good supply of
^anlcy't Superior Apple I'arers, a very useful article. \\Hlh
one of these machines a bushel of apples may be pared in
a very shoit time in the best po-^sible manner, and with great
saving of ihe apple, as the ontsidcs may be taken olfat aiir
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N. P. H
WILLIS', No 45 North Market .Sireet, SCUDDER, COR-
DIS &. CO., and HOSMER & TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

AGRlCtlLTtlRAI. IMPI..EME.\"TS, 4.0.

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 62 North Market sireet,
wonhi inform their customers and- the public generally that
they have-on bond the most extensive assortment of Agri-
cultuial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which are ihc following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
100 Greene's Straw Cutters.
50 Willi's' do. do.
lOU Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
50 Common ilo *io. .
■2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutlers
50 Common do, . do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles,
too Ox Vnkcs.
1500 Doi. Sc>the Stones.
3000 '■ Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

100 doz-Cast Steel Shovels.

160

" Common do.

lOU

" Spades.

" CSrass Scythes.

600

300

"■ atent Snaiths.

20O

" Caiqmon do.

6U0

" Hay Rakes.

200

" Garden do.

200'

" Manure Forks.

300

" Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

100'

" Truck do.

100

Draft do.

600

Tfe up do.

59 d4z. Halier do.

1000

yards Fence do.

25 Grind Stones on roller*.

l-'nfliMf.

I. |.-.r\\<i i.i.ilK.

Ill 111 1,11111. lor Aijiicullural pur|K>«rt will

lind It greaily lo tlicir advanloge lo try llic St. (Sror^o Co'»
L'ElauK Lime, xaicl lo be •upeiior for Ihiil puriKne lo anj
other rvrr yet intrtKliicrd. Fur sale by DAVID DAVIS,
over ilie Hu|m Insurance Office, Stale St., Uosluo.
Sept. 8. 3m

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great linprovcnienfi have been mode live iinn year in the
form and workiiiansbip o( these I'louiflis ; the mould li aril
has been so formed as lo ii^ the /urroie rompletety oeor,
turning in crrrij particle of grass or titd'hli-, ami leating the
ground in the. beat passible manner. The b-iiglh of the
mould board bns bi a very much increascn, so that lb*
Plough works wiib ihe greatest ease, both wilh rc»pecl te
the holding and ihe team. The Commillee at Ihe Inle trinl
of Ploughs at Wnreester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of thePlnoijha
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light anil easy lo woilt,
try ProBty &. Mears, but if your land is hcavt/,hirj orroel.y,

BBSIN WITH Mr. llnWAHD'S.''

At ihe above mer.f.oned trial the Howard Plough rfirf
marc teorfc, irilh the same pmcer of team, than any alitor
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twenlyse.'ca
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while Ihe
Itotcard Plough lurjied tiecnt'/ninc and one half inehts. Lo
the same potecr of tearrjf All acknowledge that Howanl's
Ploughs are iniieb th^' strongest and most subslanlisllj
made.

There has b?en quite an improvement mode on the shiw.
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wiilmul
having lo forntsh a new landside: this shoe likewise secntea
ihc mould board and landside together, and strengthens tlw
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo 8lS. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up wilh four cattle, will cost abiiul
810 50, and wilh cuUef 8l, wilh wheel and cutler, 82 OU
exira.

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, a4
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stuie,
N0S.-61 & 62 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

EDMUND T. HASTINGS A. CU.
Fnre 8perni crfT.

No. ini State St, feeep constantly for sale. Winter, Spriaj
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleached and unbleached ; which Itiey
warrant lo be of the best quality and to buru withoM
crusting.

Oil Canisters of Tarinus siiea.

Boolon, Jan. 1, 1841. Ulj

sour DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mcnre's, Snii Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose olgiving the tune
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. Fur sale by
J. BRECK ^ CO., No 51 and 52 North Market Si.

Sept I.

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hnnd Grindstoi «s
constantly on hand and for sale by AMMI C. LOMBAKD
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. isly. Nov. 17.

FENCE CHAINS. ' '

Just received from England, 10,00" feel Chains, suitable
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK &
CO., No. 52 North Market st. April 21

TTK I'P CHAIHS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda, 600 Chains for Ijre-
ing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Derby, Esq. of Salem,
and Col. jAcauES, for the purpose of securing tattle to ths
stall, are found Ic be the safest and most convenient mods
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market St.
DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

Just received by Packet Coromanda,

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.

200 " "Truck and leading Chains.

200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
No. 62 North Market St. April 81

216

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MISCELLANEOUS

HUNTING IN VERMONT.

Extraordinary Snf;acity and Persfverance of lite
Canine Race. — A IcttPr in the Vermont Srnlincl,
dated at 'I'roy, in tiiat Slate, gives tlic following
curinu8 incident in a luinlPr's life :

During the past week, Mr. Moses Hayward, of
Troy, with his two hounds, went in pursuit of
game. A fox was soon started, and the dogs,
which were well accustomed to the chuse, having
run together for a long time, pursued with unusu-
al vigor, sending fortli at every bound, as they
passed the surrounding hills, their well known
howl. lie kept within hearing of lliein the fore
part of the day, but in the afternoon tlmy separa-
ted, and he entirely lost them. He then went
home, thinking that they would return at night, as
nsual — but they did not arrive.

The ne.vt day with a friend, he set out and
spent a long lime in searching for them, but all
proved unsuccessful. Eight days from this, two of

his neighbors happened to be passing a piece of may be, wear any tiling but the thinnest of pumps,
woods scarcely a mile from his house, when they I Double soled shoes, whose only utility consists in
chanced to liear a faint howl. 'J'hey iminediatoly keeping the feet dry, must not for a moment be
repaired to tla' spot from whence the sound pro- thought of; and Frencli clogs are not to be en-
ceedcd. Here, they found one of the dogs stand- dured for a moment. The beauty of the foot must

Here he lived eight days without a morsel of food,
at the same time digging out the hole in order to
escape, hot which served only to confine him more
closely until at last he was unable to move at all.
During all this lime the other dog stood without
calling for assistance, not leaving him once in .the
whole time — presenting an example of the most
devoted attachment rarely equalled by that of any
of the human species.

Here is a pretty good hit. It is copied from the
Philadelphia Ledger : —

" Fashions for Ducember. — The fashions for this
month are importint. They have caused us a
great deal of consideration, and will, of course, be
followed by all who pretend to taste, fashion and
style.

The ladies being fine, hearty, robust, and of
sound constitution, may go very thinly clad during
this month. They should not put on any extra un-
der garments, which only tend to destroy the beau-
ty of the figure. They must wear silk stockings,
and on no account, how sloppy soever the streets

dog — that his dog sat down carefully his bi
and alter giving his assailant a good shaking,
up his basket and proceeded on his way Yi

Mtdnllion.

Tupptr's Hill — It is the boast of the I
fishermen and coasters of the north that they
tell whereabouts they are, without any instrui
but the lead, and with no other observation tl
scrutiny of the sand brought from tin: bottor
it. A few years ago one Captain Hunker was
cruise, and being confined to his cabin by :
ness, he directed that the lead should be bro
down to the berth for his inspection. The
belonged to Nantucket and was in sand ba
The mate of liie vessel, a wag and doubter of
Captain's infallibility, greased the lead and dip
it in the ballast, carried it down to the berth.
Captain Hunker's eyes dilated witii astoni.shn
as he asked, < Do you say you got this saD<
sounding ?'

• Yes sir.'

' Then by thunder Nantucket 's sunk, anc
are right over Tupper's Hill.'

The mate went on deck.

grkesi'S patent sxraw cuttkk.

ing at the mouth of the hole in whi'ch the fox had
burrowed. The sagacious animal, instead of
avoiding them as he always did when strangers ap-
proached him, ran to meet them, though so weak
and exhausted by hunger as to be unable to move
without the greatest difficulty, wagged his tail,
leaped and bounded like the most devoted spaniel
when meeting his master after a long sopiiration,
as if he knew not how to contain or express his
joy at their arrival. He then ran back to the hole,
set up a mournful howl of distress, then again ran
back to moot them and urged them forward by ev-
ery means in his power like ihe most rational be-
ing, as if- he knew the life of his companion was
in the utmost peril.

Tools were imtnediately procured for digging, ly liable to consumption, may do what they always
and they set themselves to work. As soon as this
was done the poor starving animal seemed to he
contented and willing to leave his companion with
them and come home, for the first time during the
whole eight days. Here he did not stay longer
than was necessary to satisly his hunger, but im-
mediately went back to see the result. The men,
after digging to the depth of twelve feet, came in
contact with the dog, completely moulded in the
solid earth, hut still alive. They soon liberated
him, but not without much difficulty, and the two
dogs met apparently with much joy. It was like

the meeting of old cherished and absent friends

The hole was then cleared out, upon which the
other dog rushed in, brought out the fox, which
had long been dead, and both grappled as if to
glut tlii!ir ri.'vcngc with all tlio ardor that they
would if he had been taken alive, when fresh in
the chuse.

It appears that the dog had burrowed the fox
in the afternoon before named, when one of them
followed it to the distance of twentyfive feet, when
he overtook and killed it. He then worked his
way back to within twelve feet of the entrance
where a root five or six inches in diameter crossed
the hole ; this he gnawed entirely off", but in the
moan time a large stone had rolled, which blocked
up the passage so closely as to leave only a small

JOSEPH BRECK &

tural Warehouse and Seii;

on no accouut be sacrificed to the weather. At

this time the dry goods merchants expose in their
stores Canton and other tlaiinels. Ladies must
not be induced by these temptations to spoil their
figures with flannel petticoats. The article is only
introduced into the market for the use of Quaker-
esses, who study vulgar comfort, and care nothing
for fashion. It is quite sufficient to say that these
people wear worsted stockings and thick shoes.

Tlio other fashions are, short silk dresses, with
velvet short cloaks of the night-gown fashion,

made more for show than service, and velvet bon- j Uei Street, have lor sale, Ur«» =. Pau-„i siraw, llaV
nets which cover only half the head — crimson | stalk Cuiier, operating on a mechanical principle n.i Ui
linings arc the rage. | opp'icd to any implement forthis purpose. The mosi m

G.I I • 111'. , . , inent efTccls oft liis application, and some ot the con»S

entlemen being weak, delicate, and particular- | pcculianiics of the machine are: ^

'• So great u reduction of the quantum ol power rpqul
have done— take care of themselves. They may I lo wnrk'it effic'entf'*'"*''' ""^^ half grown boy is sui9
wear cork-soled bouts, and strong stout over-coats, I 2. VViih even this moderate power, iteasilycutMwobt
of the pattern of the time of George H., lined and '<■'«» •"'""te, which is full twice as (asi as has been claii
-„:i,.,i , hy any oihcrmachinc even when worked by horse or

H""'<-"- i power.

It is only the ladies who are privileged and en- 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which!
joined to set the weather at defiance it is „ | ™'' f")'"fe sharpening less often than those uf any (*
L .T T -J I. 1 , ' - siraw cutler.

beautiful idea. It shows atonce the superior cour- | 4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and
age oif the female sex, which many have doubted. I i"Sether very strongly. It is therefore not so liahle i
JHen dhre not do it." I '^""'Pl'';''!'''' machines in general use to gel out of on

/!„.„ ;«( /• n Tl -. r I CJUlNDSTO.\KS. ON FRICTION ROLLERI

^Inecdote of a Do^. — The sagacity of dogs is I r,;. i.i , «. „r i <r . ■ i r- • ,,

. , , .- I ... , ' . . "=: I Grihdslones of diflerent sizes hung on friction rollotf

truly wonderful. If they arc not reasoning beings, moved with a foot trcader, is lound lo be n greai impn
their instinct, as it is called, is iiuite as useful to "'^"' "" ''"^ present mode of hanginEt grinilsionos. ji

them as the reason of soine binedB ' ""'"' *""' ^■'"'''' ""'>' "'"" "f™ "'« rollers, rend, fs lb

mem as iiie reason ol soint Diptds. , ^„^ ^,^ ,„ ,„„, ^^^ ,1,^ foo, |,j, ^,,1^^ the la!.

As I W08 going to my dinner, the other day^ and man is saved, and the person in ihe act ol gum .,

pa.ssiiig the store of James HaUL'hton &, Co., j„ ho^e'" '''<■, *!™^ >"?"'" ''''' n.ind hy having the com

W„i, . .tL ,1 , ,, control ol Ins work. Stones hung in this manner ar

nsliinmoii street, I observed ,i large dog with the , coming daily more m use, an.l whm-v.-r used give
handle of a basket of ineat in his mouth, trying to I *''' saiislucilon. The rollers can he ollacbed lo'stonei
open the door with his paws. In returning to my j "" ^tTn^iO^i^H BRKGK & CO., Nos. 5. at
place of business, I met Mr. II., the owner of the North Market Boston. July;

dog, and asked him if it could bo possible for his '
dog to carry his dinner so near his mouth without
tasting it, when he was hungry .' lie said the doir
was in the habit of going to market, and buying
his own dinner ; that he always brought it to his

store, and was contented to eat what was given to
him.

Mr. H. further stated, that the dog one day, in
opening just sufficient lo supply him with fresh air. | returning with his dinner, was attacked by another

AEW ENGLAND FARMKK.

A WEKKl.T I'AfKR.

Terms, $2 per year in ailcance, or ^■S .'iJ ifnotj
within thirty days.

N. B. — Postmastiirs are permitted by law to frant
•iibscriptions and remittances for newspapers, wilT
ezpenso to •ubscribcrii.

TUTTLK AWV DENHETT, PRINTERS.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

9

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRBCK * CO., NO. 68 NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aoiicultviial War«hoo.«.)
ff-l BOSTON, WEONESOAY KVKNINC, JANUARY 12, 1812.

INo. as.

N. E. FARMER,

From Ifai Monroe (La.) Olive Brancli.

SILK BUSINESS IN LOUISIANA.
I will buy cocoons (of eilk worina) of the next

fs crop to the lotli June, and nill givo at the
I of from tbrco to four dollars per bualiel for
:ooii9 clear of floss, according^ to the quolilv.
rforated or otherwise dofectivo cocoons will Ix;
ectcJ. I will give egfjs of silk worms and mul-

ulis mulberries to those willing to engage in

easy and profitable occupation of raising eilk
rms, and who will apply for them no later than

l.">tli of February. Information its to the best
de of raising silk worms in this climate, as ac-
red by long experience, will bo willingly given
bally to all persons desirous to obtain them.
II. BRY.

Uk EniTOR — In transmitting to you the above
ertiscment for insertion in your paper, I think
per to explain the motives which prompt me to
lourage thus tlie culture of a most valuable crop,
dly known in our Slate. It is obvious Uiat I
1 have no pecuniary object in view, as all I n)ay
chase will probably be a dead loss to me. But
[ can, by this means, be the cause of the estab-
imcnt of a single filature in our State, monev
1 never have been expended to better purposes.
Wy intentions are, if a sufficient number of per-
s appear willing to engage in the reelirig of
; worms, to propose the establishment of a fila-
e, on a small scale at first, by subscription. I
ieve that persons understanding well the reel-
of the cocoons, can be procured from Philadel-
,, not only to reel at once what cocoons may
procured, but also to teach the ort of reeling,
ich is easily acquired by a practice of two or
ee months ; and I cannot but entertain the lioj)e
t the reeling of silk will, at some not very dis-
t period, be as common with us as the carding
I spinning of cotton is at present, and that the
lale part of our community will be as expert
he one as they now arc in the other. A lila-
D often reels could be established in any of the
ishes of Louisiana, at the probable following
•ense to, wit: Purchase a quarter section of land,
TQod second rate, in the pinn lulls, at 91 25 per
e, .*iOO; necessary buildings on asimple, plain,
I comfoHablo plan, about s^SOO ; ten reels,
sdrnontese,) and cost of transportation, nt ^20
U, i'iOO; other fixtures and contingencies,
ut »!"200; making in all a total of J, 100. Let
iay that it would amount to .*1,500, to which
f be added a email sum to purchase cocoons,
merchantable reeled silk, in its raw etate, finds
;ady market, the money expended in purchasing
oons is soon reimbursed by the cale of the silk,
1 the same operations may be renewed several
«8 in the year. The sum required for that ob-
t need not therefore be probably more than be-
en 8300 and $.500. If the establishment is
1 managed, the profits will afford surticient

I means to increase it, as it must naturally grow in
importance if successful j and here it may be ob-
served, that In Philadelphia a filature of ten reels
con bo started with a capital of ^300, not only be-
cause the silk can be sold for cash daily or weekly,
according to the wants of the proprietor, but nl-io
because, instond of purchasing land oiid erecting
.suitable buildings, convenient houses arc rented,
on very low terms, either in that city or its neigh-
borhood. 1 believe, however, that in onr Stotc; it
would bo bettnr to adopt the plan hero proposed,
as suitable land can be easily hud, the improving
of which cannot fail being profitnble to the estab-
lisliment. Filatures could bo formed also in the
towns and villages in our State, where houses could
' bo rented. But the discussion of thie as well as
j of other matters connected with this undertaking,
' would at present be premature, and will have ne-
cessarily to be left to the discretion and judgment
I of the persons who may be entrusted with its man-
a^'reincnt.

'I'his establishment would require a superinten-
, dent, ten girls to reel, and ten children to turn the
I reel ; and could turn out on an average, ton lbs,
I of reeled silk per day, which could find n ready
[ market at from $.5 to $G per pound. A bushel of
good cocoons as can be raised in this pariah, would
produce from one to one and a half pounds of silk.
] A large quantity of silk worms could also be raised
on the samo land. To ensure a complete success,
a sufficient quantity of cocoons ought to be pro-
cured, mostly by purchase from the neighborhood,
to keep all the hands employed during the whole
year. This cannot be accomplished at once, but it
will take place as soon as the settlers, finding it a
profitable business to be engaged in. will turn their
attention and industry towards that objrct. Such
establishments could be made in every parish in
our State, particularly in those where the quality
of the soil is inferior to the rich land on the margin
of the watercourses. If that was attempt-'d, no
douht can be entertained of success, if judiciously
managed. Silk would become one of the .staple*
of our country. Its production would before long
acquire an importance of which we can at present
form but a faint idea. Although the importance
of the culture of silk begins to be pretty well un-
derstood in most of the Slates of the Union, yet I
shall offer a few remarks as to its results in Loui-
siana. Few countries arc better adapted to that
object than the Southern States. An experience
of fourteen years has proved to me that it is by
far and without exception the surest crop that can
be attended to in this climate. Bilk worms can be
raised on the banks of the Mississippi and bottom
lands OS well as in the hilly part of the country;
but it cannot be expected that the wealthy planter,
engaged In the culture of cotton or sugar, wouhl
deem it advisable to enter into new pursuits, the
success of which may appear to him doubtful, al.
though a quantity of silk worms could be raised
on every plantation, without at all interfering with
the main crop. It is in the pine hills in the north-
western (-part of the State, and in West Florida,
that the introduction of that culture will be emi-

nently useful. Il will materially add to the wealth
and strength of the Rlalc. Millions of acres of
lliose lands, considered now of but little value,
will rapidly be inhabited by induatrioua farniori,
who cannot at the present low price of cotton, cul-
tivate it to Bilvniilngc ; several having no other ai-
si.stanco than what they can derive from their wife
and children, have already abandoned that culture,
as the few bales which they could bring to market
did not remunerate them for their labor and expen-
ses. VVc cannot anticipate a better market furoiir
cotton. Groat Dritain is now trying to rai«c in
her East India po.^sessions the cotton wanted for
their manufactures. They cnn succeed ; for ti.e
labor of the llimloo does not cost one fourth part
of the working hands of Louisiana. Although it
is not to be expected thit Great Britain will ever
try to do entirely without American cotton, (fir if
they did, we would, in self defence, endeavor to
have a market al home, by increasing the nuoibcr
of our manufai-turcs, and thus become their most
formidable rivals all over the world,) yet that mea-
sure will have its effect to a degree which cannol
permit us to entertain the hope that even the pre.
sent low prices will be obtained but for a few years
longer, it may well, therefore, be considered im-
portant to provide beforehand for a substituto to at
least a part of our present crops. None can be s>
easily introduced, and with a better prospect of
success than silk. The market for that produc-
tion cannot bo glutted for many years to come.
Besides the many millions of dollors worth of man-
ufactured silk imported annually into the United
States, our raw eilk will find a ready market in Eu-
rope. France alone, notwithstanding all the f f-
forts of individuals and the encouragement given
by the Government to the culture of silk, imports
yearly twenty millions worth of the raw material
to supply her manufactures, the greatest propi>r-
tion of which they import from Piedmont, the bal-
ance from the southern part of Italy and the Le-
vant

To conclude, I cannot help repeating that, (o
ensure suc(^cs£ it is necessary to obtain a suffi-
cient quantity of cocoons to keep the persons em-
ployed in reelnif;, as constantly occupied as possi-
ble. Allowing bit two hundred days of reeling in
the year, each reel would yield about 200 pounds
of silk per annum, to produce which would require
at from 500,000 to 000,000 cocoons a year. It is
therefore highly important to encourage immediate-
ly, and by all pofsible means, the raising of silk
worms in our Ktate. II. BRY.

Q5^Now that the morus multicaulis fever has
passed away, having carried many fortunes to the
grave, and rendered more plethoric a few purses
the public pulse is sufficiently regular and sleady
to admit of a calm consideration of the question
whether the silk busines.s can bo made a profitable
one in New England. Though during the past
year we have refrained from saying much upon the
subject, we have never thought that ih:; people of
this country would always rely upon foreign na-
tions for silks. In many f'imilies at present, par-

218

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JAN. la, 164)B.

ticutarly those in wliicli there
the feeding of silk worms ond

ore manv fenmles, I cents, one acre of the land last mentioned, is worth in a season, and remember what an amount of grain

1 four acres of the other.

All these circumstanoes, ^ those insects would have destroyed, if they had

Audubon is so

PllESlDENT \VAYI.AND\S ADDRESS.

We have bnen favored with tlin copy of an ad-
dress delivered brfore " llic Rhode Island Society
for tlie Promotion of Domestic Industry," by Fran-
cis Wavlakd, Oct. C, 1641. — From a man devoted

cheaper than at the West.'

Mtuni of Humorintr our Changinble Ctimali.
"Our climate may, probably, be humored advan-
tageously by a choice of seeds. We have heard
frequently, of late, of the failure of Indian corn, in
consequence of short seasons iind early frosts. It
exclusively to literary pursuits-frou, the president | may be that the seasons have changedj.ut it seen.s ^

of a college— no one will expect a,v address that to me much more probable that our«erf has chang- g,,,,,^ j^ ,,,„ i,e all ..f no avail,
unfolds tlTe iTiyater.es of agricultural science, or ed. We know that almost every kind of seed loses ,,,8 work for us far cheaper an

that particularizes the Lest processes of cultivation
But the general opinions and views of a clear,
strong, observing and well cultivated mind, are al-
ways interesting and instructive. V\e have read
the address before us with much interest and sat-
isfaction. It is more to the point and more forci-
ble than oflen comes from the pen of a man who
has no practical acquaintance with farming. The
views presented are llirouirhout sound and perti-
nent, and are given in a clear and forcible stylo.
Wo copy the following paragraphs, which are all
that we can find room for in the present number:

before us.

"Lot un learn a lesson of wisdom in this re.ipecL "f"
I wish that a law were passed prohibiting the
shooting of all birds except such as are carnivo- '
reus. I believe that until this is done, we shall «
be able lo make no headway against insects. Wu ^'
may CMilrcle our trees with lead, or with tin, wa K
may anuint them with tar, or entwine them witj „j
The birds will "
d more efifcctualli^ ||i

a portion of its vitality by being frequently raised ] gj,j ^^..l| ^.j^,, ^,^ vheir music into the bargain, mil* k(

Means of Happimas anil Success wilhin your Reach.
"We are bound, as wise men, to survey, and
survey attentively, the means of happiness within
our reach, and I say this emphatically. There is
in this part of our country, a very jirevaleiil impres-
sion that the only means of improving our condi-
tion is lo remove far ofTto the prairies of the West.
That un enterprising and industrious man may suc-
ceed well at the West, I have no doubt. But I
am yet to learn that an enterprising and industri.
ous man may not succeed well at liome. It is cer-
tainly wise to inquire whether it " be not belller to
bear the ills we have, than fly to others that we
knovf not of." It would be well lo inquire whether
the same labor, skill and sell-denial at home, would
not produce as great an amount of happiness here,
as in Illinois, or Iowa, or Missouri, or Wisconsin.
I,cl us, at any rate, inquire, what we can make of
our opportunities hero, before we resolve lo sur-
render thein up for something in the far distance
which wo mny posaiWy attain, but which must be
attained by enduring severe toil and by incurring
most serious disadvantages both to ourselves and
to our families.

"Much, I know, is said of the cheapness of the
land at the West. But I doubt whether there bo
the diffi.'rencc in this respect which many persons
imagine. When you pay ihe government prices
for land at the West, you pay for nothing bul land.
But when you buy a farm in one of the older States,
vou buy all the fixtures, fences, barns, roads, clear-
ing, cultivation, with a part in all the schools, meet-
ing houses and public buildings which have been
erected in the vicinity, together with proximity to
a market, which, in many situations, is almost ut
your very doors. Thiii last circumstance is a mat-
ter of very great consequence. If in one district
wheat lie so far from the market, or if roads are
HO bad that it bo worth no nn re ihan twciilyfivc
cents a bushel, while, in another district, owing to
contrary circumstances, it is worth one hundred

on the same soil. May not this be the case witl
several of our crops ? Corn is raised well in re-
gions North of us, where the season is shorter. A
gentleman in Saratoga county. New York, lately
informed me that by procuring seed from a more
northern part of the Slalo, he had raised corn fit to
get into the bain, in eighty days from planting.
Might not we render our crops much more secure
by changing our seed every few years, and thus
introducing occasionally, seed which had been ac-
customed to « more northerly climate and a shorter
summer.

" Again, may we not render our climate more
serviceable by a greater attention lo its changes ?
By- unexpected changes, and by changes which are
expected, bul which do not happen, how much time
and property are annually lost. Migtit not the use
of instruuicnts materially Ic-scn this lo.^s ? What
master of a vessel would, in the present day, make
a voyage without a thi>rmomfjter and barometer ?
And I apprehend that the knowledge to be derived
from these instruments is as valuable lo \he farmer
as lo the seaman. I saw, last winter, with great
pleasure, a barometer hanging in the room of a
farmer in Somersetshire, England, of very moderate
property, and he informed me that he would not
on any account-be without it. I was told that the
use of it was very common amwig agriculturists
there. Why may we not derive equal benefit
from the same means.

SIC as good as that of the piano, though it cost nq
so much in the loarning. I believe that such (
law as 1 have spoken of, exists in Ma6sacbusett|| ii
Would it not be well for us to follow her exampl^ h
But whether such a law be passed or not, I ho||
that every farmer of Rhode Island will drive evei|
bird-kilh.'r off from hiafarin, and teach his childrfl
to protect antJ foster these invaluable assistani
that Hca\en has in kindness sent him. We spen
a large sum of money every year in providia
means of protecting our trees from instccts. Sup^l
pose a young fellow should amuse himself by gO«J
itic through our fields with a hatchet and destroy
ing these attempts at protection. We shoul
cause him to be arrested and punished immediatelj
But we allow him to kill our birds, though eve^
bird 13 incomparably more valuable a protectid
from insects than all the artificial means that
can possibly devise."

To J)pprenUces The only way for a young

man to prepare for usefulness, is to devote himsoll
to study during his Icisura hours. First, be induj-
trious. Never complain that you are obliged tc
work ; go tu it with alacrity and cheerfulness, aod
it will become a habit that will make you respect-
ed by your employer, and the community. Make
it your business to see and promote your employ-
er's interest ; by taking care of his, you will learn

to lake care of your own. Select useful siudiM,
And, lastly, let me inquire whether our climate ! ^^^^ assiduouelv pursue them. Few persons can
*ould not be materially improved by higher ma- i ^^^^^pj^^jj, ^^c ^ i^^^jp^ ^^^5,^^ than Franklin's, yet
' ' ""* he laid Ihe foundation of his greatness whcnn

apprentice. Success depends not on tho amount
of leisure you may have, but upon tho manner if
which it is employed. — Gov. Hill. ^

nuring and more perfect cultivation. I fancy that
careless farmers, who pay bul little attention to
improving their soil, are most apt lo be overtaken
by early frosts, and to be injured by summer
droughts and unseasonable rains. The plant which

springs up upon a rich sc^il, and under the most ,,„>..,.,,_. - •,

careful cultivation, grows much more rapidly, comes ^''"» ^ork hge MarkeU-\i has been aseert..*
to maturity sooner, and is of course less liable to i ed that half a million of eggs are consumed eveif

nonth in New York. I hey arc brought down tol

our lands. Not only will they thus produce? a
larger crop, but they will produce a better nrlicle,
and their production will be less likely to fail us
from any variation of the seasons."

Birds the Farmer's Friends.
'Just remember what myriads of grubs and

supplying the Astor House with 1000 each day ft
five days of a week, and on Saturday ^AOO. — At 1.
paper.

Large Pig. — A pig only 9 1-2 months old, ir4l

slaughtered in this to»»n lost week, by Mr M. %.

Chandler, which weighed, when neatly dresM^,

worms a robin, or a crow, or a woodpecker destroys 1/our hundred arid two pounds — Jluguata Banntr,^

TOl.. X(. NO. lis.

AND H O R T I r U L I' U i{ A r. R E (i I S T E R

219

BXTK AC-l'S TKOM MISS ItKIX'II KK'S TIU'. \-

TISI-; ON domkstk; kconomv.

tt'htte M'atli. — There is notliinor whicli «o niucli
improve* t)io appearance of a lioiiae and the pruni-
UeH, as painttni; or whitewnaliini; the tetieiiu iiiv
tnJ fences. The followinu Tcccipls for wliilo-
washing;, linvo been found by experience, to an-
twcr the (ainc purpose fur wood, brick, and stiwu',
uil-paint, and are niucli cheaper. 'I'lie first is
the receipt used fur the President's liouso at Wash-
ington, improved by further experiments. I lie
ccoiid is a simpler and cheaper one, which the
»riU'r has Isnown to succeed in a variety of cases,
Bating as long aud loolsiiig as well aa wliito oil-
paint.

Rectipt. — Take half a bushel of iinslacked lime,
nd slack it with boiling water, covering it during
he process. Strain it, and add a peck of salt dis-
olved in worm water ; three pounds of ground
ice boiled to a thin paste, put in boiling hot ; half
pound of powdered Spanish whiting ; and a

>aund of clear glue dissolved in warm water.

U[ix, and let it stand several days. Then keep it
D a kettle on a portable furnace, and put it on as

lot as possible, with a painter's or whitewash
rush.

Another. — Make whitewash in the usual way,
ixcept that the water used should have two double-
dfuls of salt dissolved in each pailful of the hot
rater used. Then stir in a double-handful of
ne sand, to make it thick like cream. This is
•etter to be put on hot. Coloring rviatter can be
idded to both, making a light stone color, a cream
olor, or a light buff, which are most suitable for
aildings.

To wash Woolen Yarn. — Wash in hot water,
utting a tcacupful of Icy to half- a pail of water,
nd no soap. Rinse till the water comes off clear.

To wash Black Worsted or Woollen Hose. — If
lew, soak all night ; then wash in hot suds, with
ePs gall, a tablespoonful to half a pail of water.
.inse till no color comes out. Then stretch on
(ocking-frames, or iron them when damp on the
rong side.

To wash Painted Muslins. — Wash in one or

ro portions of lukewarm suds made with white

cap. Rinse twice in cold water, putting in the

It rinsing-water a teaspoonful of oil of vitriol, or

roligneous acid. Stiffen with rice water made

If boiling a pint and a half of rice one hour, in a

•lion and a half of soft water, and strained.

Itretch and dry in the shade, wrong side out.

'hen sprinkle and roll one hour before ironing.

To cleanse Genttemen's Cloth Coals and Panta-
ions. — The writer has tried and seen others try,
le following method with remarkable success, on
it sorts of broadcloth articles of dress. Take
le beefs gall, half a pound of salecratua, and
iBP gallons of warm water. W"ith a clothes-
rush dipped in this mixture scour ihe article, lay-
ig it on a table for the purpose. The collar of a
jat and the grease spots (previously marked by a
itch or two of white thread) must be brushed
ith this mixture repeatedly. After this take the
rticle and rinse it up and down in the mixture,
'hen rinse it up and down in the same way in soft
lid water. Then without any wringing or press-
ig, hang it iip to drain and dry. When dry
ainpen with a sponge and iron on the wrong side,
else spread sometliing between the cloth and

iron, iruniii;,' till pi-rl'iriU ,1,, |r ,., ,,

out pocketi and liniii|;s, if ilic uiUv-lcn n vw.;i;

, the trouble. Also brunh the urlicle boluru wash-
ing. It is o(\un best to iron no part but the skirt,

I and prciH ihe lappota and cuffs.

Anothrr Moik of tvashinff Broadcloths. — Shako
and brush the article. Kip nut pockets and lin-
ingit. WoHh in two portions of strong suds, put-
ting a leariipful of ley in the first. Do not wnng
but roll them tight and press the water out. When
■entirely dry sprinkle them, and let them lie all
night. Iron on the wrong sido or with an inter-
vening cloth, tilt perfectltj dry. For light woollens
white soap must be used. Iron on the right side
with an intervening cloth.

To tcttsh Merinos, Bombazines and Challys. —
Take out all gathers and plaits. Free the article
from dust. Make a suds of warm (not hot) water
nnd whito soap, adding a spoonful of ox-gall.
Then wash in a weaker suds, adding for dark
things a handful of salt, and for light things a len-
spooiifiil of nil of vitriol. Do not wring but fold
and press the water out on a table, catching it in a
tub beneath. When nearly dry roll in a damp
towel and let it lie an hour. Irni: on the wrong
side. Do not let them remain damp very long.
For black bombazines, put in ley instead of ox-
gall.

To prepare Beefs-Gall, or Ox-Gall.— Bcnii a
bottle or jug to tJie butcher, and request that it
may be filled with beePs gall. Perfume it with
nny strong essence that is agreeable. Keep it
corked and in a cool place. If eventually it smells
disagreeably, the smell will be removed by drying
the articles in the fresh air.

THE LABORING CLASSES IN ENGLAND.

" There are signs in the political horizon which
we do not love to see. The Bloriii appears to be
gathering, the clouds to be thickening and lower-
ing. The misery which at the present exists and
is increasing in the niaiiufactiiring districts, is be-
yond what the power of the sword can eradicate
and cure. There arc thousands on the brink of
famine, starvation, oye. tens of thousands who
know not in the morning how they are to get
through the day. There are men maddening in
their misery, and reckless <if what may come or
what may happen. There are women and chil-
dren and babes in arms all pining together under
the gnawing and craving pressure of liunger.
There are infants vainly striving to draw their
nourishment from the breasts of their exhausted
mothers. And disease is busy, and death is busy
with them also ; and as if these things were not
enough, the Yeomanry, wo are told, when the To-
ries come into power, will be busy, too, gleaning
amongst what remains when death and 'disease
have got in their harvest from the prolific field of
wretchedness and misery. And why is all this .'
why are the inillion.s of this country condemned to
a state worse than slavery ? Why .' Simply that
pomp and pride and vanity may be pampered, as
they add luxury to luxury, pleasure to pleasure,
and gratification to gratification, while those who
so indulge them it is to be hoped for the .sake of
human nature, never count the cost, never dream
of the price of calamity, sorrow, grief nnd woe, .it
which their enjoyments are purchased and their ap-
petite for splendor and their passion for display
ministered to and fed. And when the " worm

I'lrns upon tl,.' I.miI tlinl |ir.-i.Hi'f) it into tiiO enrlli,"
ulifii the pi'i |ili.' »i,rii out by opprvasiuii and un-
dur the afllictiun of famine, murinur at the forlorn
and most nnserablu coiidiliun, blrni^'htwuy tlio
PharAuhs of ihu land meet their cuiiplnint with a
mocking talk of Vkomakry, YioMAMir. It
makes the blood of every hnnnst man first run cold,
and then boil over with indignation, to hrar of
such things." — London Mornin/r Chronicle.

Powder 0/ Slippen/ Elm Wo live hut to Ifnrii

and obtain knowledge. Being in the country a
few days since, on n visit to a sick friend, I was
shown an article entirely new to me, which iH (aid
to bo remarlt.ilily nutritious and pnlnlabic for de-
bilitated and Kick personn. It was Hour, prepared
by the Slinkcrs from Slippery Klni, and used iho
same as arrow. root. One lable-spuonlul of this
flour, boiled in a pint of new milk, is excellunl to
feed infants weaned from the breast : they will
not only fatten upon it, but it will prevent bowel
complaints. It makes an easy and nutritious diet
for consumptive and dyspeptic persons. Kroin the
character I received of it, I presume that it only
need be known to become of general use. — V. H.
GazeHe.

Put a Ring in his Nose. — Mr L. Wood, of this
town, wishes us to say to his brother farmers that
if they have a pair of fractious nnd high strung
steers to break, the best way to manage them is to
put a ring in each of their noses, and thou by a
string you can make them "Aaic nn</ g-ct" at the
word of command. He has tried this mode several
times, and therefore speaks from experience. He
says that he had rather break fcmr yokes of steers
after being furnished with a ring as above, than
one yoke without. It is a small job to put in a
ring, and the labor and time saved in the training
of the -animals is immense, to say notliing of the
saving m the " wear and tear" of (latience. — .tfntiic
Parmer.

Breeding in-and-in, — The system of breedin"
in-and-in proves, in fact, as destructive to flocks,
as marriages of near relations to the human kind.
We would not witness an every-day entailment of
diseases, if people would forego their unnatural
love of money, and cease their endeavors to keep
it in "the family," by torming matrimonial allian-
ces with those w\h) are nenr of kin. The law ol'
God forbids us to wed those who stand in certain
degrees of propinquity ; but, if wu and our descen-
dants avail ourselves of the limits of this luw, and
marry on its verge a certain nuiitber of limes, mise-
ry must infallibly be the lot even of the tenth gene-
ration ; and instead of being fathers of a iiiighly
people, few and full of sorrow will be the days of
our children ; while in place of retaining in their
(lossession our darling wealth, it will, ere long,

pass into the hand of the stranger Black lock s

Treatise on Sheep.

Two neighbors met, one of whom was ex-
ceedingly rich and the other in moderate circum-
stances. 'J'hc latter began to congratulate the first
on his grout possessions, and on the happiness
which he must enjoy ; and ended by contrasting it
with his own condition. " My friend," said the
rich man, " let mc ask you one <|ue6tion. Would
you be willing to take my property and take the
whole care of it for your board and clothing .'"
" No, indeed." " Well, that is all 1 gel." •

220

NEW E N GLAND FARMER,

JAN. I a, 184) I

F..r llio N. E. Farmtr.

jrrSCARRVING OF MARKS FROM SERING
FRESH I5I;EP.

Mr PiTNAM — Sir — In your paper of 15th De-
cember, Mr B. inquires, if it be true that tlie sight
of " fresh beef will make a mare with f'>al miscar-
ry." lie observes that ho had " always considered
it a moon story." He thin relates n fact. The
fact I am nut disposed to dispnle. But 1 will re-
late another fact which will go to prove that this
old saying is in reality a "moon story." .SevHn or
CiKlit years ago, my brother had a mare with foal,
and ne were then living together: his mare and
my horse occupied a stall beside each other, open-
ing directly into our burn floor. It so happened
that we butchered some dozen of youn^ cattle dur-
ing the winter, and for want of a better place, we
butchered them all in this floor, in fair sight of my
brothel's mare, and not many feet from her stall.
I had always been told from a boy, that the sight
of fresh beef would cause a marc with foa! to mis-
carry, and I believed it to be true, and of course ad-
vised my brother to remove hia mare to another
part of the barn. But he considered it, as did Mr
B., a " moon story," and so she remained in fair
sight of the wliole process of butchering until the
whole was comj)lete. All of this did not in the
hast affect the mare. In due time, which was
three or lour months from the last butchering the
mare brouglu forth, aid the mare and the foal were
bright and right. So, Mr Editor, since that I have
considered that saying a "moon story."

OTIS BRIGHA.M.

ff'tatboro', Mass., Dec 28, 1641.

ASTONISHING INCREASE OF CREAM AND
BUTTER ! !
The following is from the Ky. Farmer. Wo
have little faith that the process described will be
of one tenth part the value ascribed to it; but pcr-
linp.=; there are some dairy women :vho may have a
disposition to give it a trial, iind if ;he?y should, we
shall be happy to hoar with what i'lccess. — Ed. N.
E. F.

A Sccrtlfor a Farmer's IHfe. — While the milk-
ing of your cows is going on, let your pans be
placed ill a kettle of boiling water. Strain the
milk into one of the pans taken hot from the ket-
tle, and cover the same with another of the hot
pans, and proceed in like manner with the whole
mess of milk, and you will find that you will have
double the tjuantity of good, rich cream, that will
give you double the iiuanlity of sweet and deli-
cious butter.

From the Kentucky Former.

" ONLY HALF A DOLLAR."
We dined with our friend Tonison the other
day. It v/as the first time we had been to see him
since ho quit his large house in Walnut St. and
moved to liis present small one. His lands, his
loans, and his slocks have turned out to have no
more substance than the leather of (ilenn's Sapo-
naceous Compound. His fourteen sections in In-
diana and Illinois are from sonic cause or other,
reiiiolencss from a market, prcvnhmce of milk
sickness in the neighborhood, or something of that
kind — worth less than the original government
price. The Iliig-a-muj and Derry Down Rttil-

road Loan, and the stock of the Flipflap Bank, in
which he was interested to the amount of forty-
eight thousand dollars, are now quoted so low that
lie considers them worth little or nothing.

In dining, the conversation was partly about the
change in Tomson's style of living. We have al-
ways been very intimate, and he tells us all about
his affairs : " I have told Mrs. Tomson," said he
in the course of the talk, " at least one hundred
limes within the last month that I found our expen-
ditures must not exceed two thousand five hun-
dred dollars a year." " I will vouch for your hav-
ing said so a thousand timrs" rejoined our hostess.
" I hear nothing but retrenchment, economy and
reform ! The cry is as loud and fiequeiit in this
house as it used to be among the Harrison men be-
fore the election." Then Mrs. T. addressed herself
to us particularly. " Why sir, will you believe it,
I asked Mr. Tomson to order a quart of ice cream.
He knew you would dine with us ; but no, it would
cost eighty seven and a half cants, nnd so he must
economize, and now we have no ice cream !" Af-
ter the delivery of this speech Tomson took out
his pocket book and made a memorandum in it.

The conversation turned. We remarked that
the streets had not looked very nice recently, and
ventured to suggest thai the new city administra-
tion had not yet got warm enough in their places
to take a peep out of the windows and see in what
a dirty condition are the thoroughfares. To this
remark Mrs. Tomson assented, and added that for
her part she regretted nothing so much as the giv-
ing up of her carriage. " Indeed," she added, " I
hate cabs, but this morning 1 was out shopping,
and the streets were so uncleanly, that I got into a
cab in Second street, and rode home." " Were
you tired, my dear, so that you could not walk ?"
asked Tomson. " No, but I did'iit want to walk,
and the cab was only twenty five cents ?" Tom-
son took out his pocket hook and made another
memorandum in it.

" You were out, my dear, shopping this morning,
you say. What did you buy ?" inquired Tomson.
" Nothing at all. I saw fifty things I wanted, but
I knew you would begin to lecture about economy
the instant you should see them." " Well 1 ad-
mire your self-denial in buying nothing." " Noth-
ing ! Oh no, I bought this little pink plush cravat
for myself — the cheapest thing I ever saw. They
ask a dollar and a quarter in Chesnut street for the
same article, and what do you think I gave for it ?"
" Well," replied Tomson, " have you not a pink
silk one, and do you need this new one ?" " Not
positively, but then it was only three quarters of a.
dollar." Tomson took out his pockelbook and
made another memorandum in it. I

" Well, Mrs. Tomson," said we, " yon have cer-
tainly not given your husband cause to lecture you |
to-day on retrenchment, economy and refiiriii, if
three quarters of a dollar is the amount of all your
shopping." " Slop," exclaimed the lady, " I have j
not shown you one purchase I made, cheaper than [
the plush cravat. Do you see this pair of milts ? |
What do you think I gave fiir them •'" Wo could i
not guess, but Mr. Tomson asked of what use Ihoy
were. " Oh, none at all," answered his wife, '• but I
thoy are so pretty and so very cheap. 1 gave only I
half a didlar for them !" Tomson took out hi^
pocket-book nnd made another nn-morandum in it

" Tomson ! what are you writing in that book ?'
we asked, inquisitively. " Well, I will show yon,'
said ho, and then placed the book in our hands
where we read in pencil the following entries :

OcTOBEa ^sJr
Credit J. T. for Ice Cream not

bought, 87 1-2cei|!'

Charge Mrs. T. for Cab hire

when she could walk, only 25 cents-

Charge Mrs. T. for pink plush '

cnivat not wanted, only 75 cent«. {

Charge Mrs. T. for Milts not j

wanted, only 50 cents, f

(I

$1,50 cenu. '
After we had examined these, during which tii'
Mr. and Mrs. Tomson sat silent, he took the bo< *
wrote something more in it, and then returned '
to us with his calculation : |

$1,50 I

Multiplied by 3C5, the number of days in l'

year. '

750
900
450

$'547,50 — Five hundred and forty ae
en dollars and fifty cents
year.
" You sec," said Tomson, " only twenty
cents, only half a dollar, is at a rate of more t
five hundred dollars a year out of my pockeL'

CORN ROOT.

.\bout a year since, a gentleman called at
office and gave us a partial account of a rep
which was said to abound in a certain swam]

the town of Brookfield in this Stale, which pc

ed remarkable nutritive qualities, and was foun
be equal if not superior to Indian corn for fall
ing hogs.

It was stated by our informant that the discovi
of this root was somewhat on this wise : A fai
whose premises bordered on and extended into
swamp, a few years since fenced olfa lot adjoii:
it, for the uccommodation of his hogs during
summer months. The swine not only had
range of the hog pasture, but were allowed
access to the swamp. After a few days occupu
of their new territory, it was but seldom that
hogs would come up to feed at their wonted
and fears were entertained that they would
"hold their own" through the summer. It
soon apparent, however, that they were thri
rapidly, although they at length wholly rej
the food offered them. Finally, the owner on
occasion followed them into the swamp, and wal
ed their operations; when he found that they i
busily engaged in turning up the surface of
swamp, and feeding greedily on something
their researches develo|>ed. On examination,
whole swamp was found to abound in large
live roots, on which the hogs were thriving rema
bly, and on which feed alone they finally bee
uncommonly fat; and the pork proved to be of
tra quality.

This fact becoming generally known to the
mors along the borders of the swamp, it bei
customary for them all to turn their hogs into
swamp \.o fallen. The superior quality of the
thus made, was a means of obtaining the hij
market price ; and our informant stated that
made in this swamp was always sought for in
fcrence to any other, and always commanded
extra price.

These roots are represented as gfrowing to I

vol.. XX. NO. «<«.

AND H O R TI C U I. T U Pv .\ F. R E G I S T V. R .

221

ien«i(>n'< — Trom tlic size (if b \nrge nr orcurii to
of i\ man's arcn, ami even Inrgor. Troni llu-
p, as well ns from Ilic purpose to wliicli it >v:is
lied — beinf a coinplrte substitute for corn in
failcnin^ of pork — this root took the nnnio of
n llou(, and as such is known in the neighbor-
d.

hir infiirmanl gave us the names of several pen-
ten 111 ItrookficM and towns odjacent, to whom
miplit apply for more particular informalioii
•eriiiiii; this root. We wmto to some of these
Icmcn, but received no answers ; and wc hnd
n up the idea of ever henrinj any thinjf furlli-
n tiie subject, until some time last fall, when
of our subscribers in llrookfield happened to
on lis at the office. On miikinj inquiries of
he staled that he had frequently seen the Corn
t, and could undoubtedly send us a sample of
>gotlier with something more dclinitc in reln-
its history. During the last week wo re-
ed from tliis gentleman the following letter,
h contains all the information we at present
ess on (his subject. If our correspondent can
ny means send us one of the roots, he will not '
confer a personal favor on us, but do an cs- 1
al service to the agricultural community in
1 1 fliis root can be introduced into other
nps, and used for the some purpose, and with
ainc success that the Bronkfield farmers have
it. It must prove of immense value to our
try ; and we should rejoice in being instru-
al in its general dissemination ell over the
Coiin. Farmer^s Otiz.

BrookfulH, .Voy. 27, 1841.
i:ab Sir — Agreeable to your request, I made

inquiries about the Corn Root, some time ago.
9 told by a gentleman who lives near to the
lh.il the root had become scarce, and those
had formerly found it a source of very great
ntage in raising and fattening hogs, now found
iltle. Two reasons were assigned by him for
carcity wliich now exists. The first which he
ioncd was, that when the hogs found a root,
stuck to it until it was gone. The second
•n was, that about four or five years ago, con-
able labor and e.ypense were laid out at the
t of the creek, in lowering the rocks, in order,
uic measure, to drain it ; and this draining
lad the eflTect to lessen the growth of the

and root.

lis information I obtained from a gentleman
hoiu I can rely, as he is not now, nor ever has

in any way interested in those swamps where
orn root grows. I have since been^ble to
lain that his .statements were correct.

I am yours, &.C. S. li.

Ik- supplied nt this season lit comparatively Binnll
expense. Thosu who havu never prncticrd upon
this important principle, and who have been acciis-
toiiied to have rccourKO tj their mechanical neigh-
bors for every implement necessary in their line,
woiiUI be snrpnscd a( the saving which ita syslc-
iiiatic adoption would elVecl in a single year. Many
a man » ho would think himself ruined by a slight
ilomand upon his e)!ch<'i|uer to defray the unneces-
.snry cvpenses of some indoor duty which ho hail
reason to suppose was within the capacity of the
" good dame" or her daughters to perform, does
not hesitate in making large and ruinous disbursc-
nionts, annually, for implements which a little in-
dustry and self-determination would enable him to
supply himself. " D'conomy ia wealth," says the
I'ld adage, and wc would therefore seriously re-
commend to every one who is in the habit of under
estimating his mechanical capacities, and running
to a mechanic whenever a cart gets Biuashed or a
harrow broken, to provide himself with a book nnd
set down the various small items of expense to
which this practice gives rise.

Such a practice can involve nothing very difli-
cult or expensive in lis prosecution, while it can,
a! the same time, scarcely fail we think, o."" being
productive of the best results. — Maine Cult.

From the Maine Farmer.

PREP.ARATION OF TOOLS,
le present ii a proper season for farmers to
up and prepare their tools.
i the spring is necessarily a very busy season,
:)uld be a standing rule with every farmer to
ly himself beforehand with the various imple-
requisite in the prosecution of its pursuits,
lere are but a few farmers, probably, who do
.ossess sufficient skill in the mechanical arts
lable them to furnish for themselves, and with
own hands, many of the most important im-
ents usually found upon the farm. Harrows,
3, drags, racks, and carts of all descriptions —
Jier with a larg^e variety of other articles no
issential in the management of the farm, may

AVERSION TO NEW INVENTIONS.

Dear Doctor — We frequently read of wonderful
discoveries in agriculture, which strike us as new
and surprising, and go out in the highways with
the e.vpectation of proclaiming an unhciird of and
wonderful experiment. But we are often met with
the repulsing information, that we are only enu-
merating an old and long published truth. This
result convinces us that there is more truth than
poetry in the declaration of Solomon, "There is
no new thing under the sun." I supposed that
the announcement in a French periodical, that
grains of every kind could be scattered upon the
surface of the earth, and covered with straw, and a
bountiful crop so produced, was all that it purport-
ed to be — an actual promiil^'ation of something
hitherto unknown, iiut 1 have learned that it is
no new thing with our fanners. It wa^ known and
practiced by the first settlers on this river more
than half a century ag'>.

I do not know that iiny grains were raised in
this way, but potatoe.-! were frequently thrown upon
the surface of the ground, and covered with straw,
and no further care taken of them lill harvest tiHio
arrived. The straw was then removed, and a good
bed of good sized potatoes, and average increase
from the quantity deposited, were the sure return.
If this had been the best and surest mode of rais-
ing potatoes, why was it abandoned ? It was cer-
tainly easier to produce them in this manner from
a small piece of ground, than the present mode of
plowing, manuring, planting, hoeing and digging.
It must be then that the experiment did not always
succeed, but that casualties would occur to destriy
the increase to which the present mode is not lia-
ble. Our farmers, though in the main, indusfious
men, are not so very fond of labor as to prefer the
present method to an old one, if it secured to them
ao equal return for a less bestowul of care and toil.

Laboring men, sometimes, look with jealous eyes
upon the use of machines which economize in la-
bor. But notwithstanding all the inventions of all

the adepts iii nuichinen, " the sweat of the brow"
IK as much reijuirod and as much ixpundi'd, im in
ages when the hand wai aliiinit' the vole " labor-
saving" impleinrnt.

A curious iiistaiico of llii< aversion to such in-
novations was onre given on this river. B'fore
the invention 'f the "tread back nigger," the ]itng
carriages of\cr the saw had run its course through
the log, were thrown back by hand — a lever wan
placed between the upokes of the rag-wheel, and
it required all a man's strength, with the hi'o»y
timber of that period, to give the wheel a backward
revolution. The throwing back of the carriage!
in this way, was a slow and toilsome operation, and
it oflcn required more lime than was consumed in
sawing the former run. It ivould seem, then, that
the "tread bock nigger" coming to the aid of Iho
iiiillman, would have been sure of a kind reception,
and his proffered services gladly accepted. Liko
Watt and Arkwright, he was a wonderful econo-
mizer of toil, and, like them, he received only vitu-
peration from his own generation. The old inill-
inen were jealous of this new competitor, and one
man, when the nigger wns put in operation, ac-
tually threw down his nxe, shouldered his jacket,
and lefl the mill, declaring that "it would bo no
work at all to saw in a mill, and any fool could
manage one with that nigger wheel to roll b ick
the carriages, when he ought to do it himself."
The old millmnn prided himself upon hin frequent
exhibitions of skill and strength in throwing back,
by personal force, the carriage sides, when cum-
bered by'S log of huge dimensions. Tlic glory
and boaSt of his occupation was gone, and there
was no sfttsfaction in working longer in the mill.
But the " nigger," though slandered by one, who
ought to have considered him his best friend, and
praised him withont measure, kept his place, and
gradually by his "tread back" course, worked him-
self into hi^'h fnvor. And now, tlie expulsion of
the "tread back nigger" would be the signal for a
general strike with millinen. Though no aboli-
tionist has penetrated to his obscure station, and
prayed that lie might be absolved from perpetual
bondage luid unrewarded toil, yet he is not forgot-
ten. Whenever his footing becomes insecure, by
his con.^tant waltzing", it is made safe at once, and
his fall is guarded against. Should his head work
become derangiid, caused by. his perpetual back
whirl, the needful remedies are at once applied,
and his blind stagger gives place to a sober revo-
lution; and /ii» revolution is ever backwards — an
excepticn to the general rule. Black though he
be, olone of all his name, he is regarded with no
antipathy, and his way of life is as smooth ond UD-
interriipted and easy as a weekly ajiplicntion of
grease can make it; so that at the very period of
labor, ho is all the time living on the f<U of the
land.

There are yet many in the ngriciilliiral commu-
nity who still persist in carrying a stone in one
end of the meal bag, because their fathers did so
before them. But the number of those who rever-
ence their ancestry so fnr as to be more careful in
imitating their crror«, is rapidly diminishing. They
may love their parentage, if they will, " errors and
all," but they have enough of their own. without
reckoning those which belonged lo their dead fath-
ers, nnd not to them, into the account. They had
better "let the dead bury their dead," and follow
living and safe counsels for themselves.

Yours, iruly, Sai.\tbiel.

Saco River, Dec. 1841.

•2-22

NEW i: K G L A N D FARMER

JAN. I a, IM

A.xn IIOHTICULTUBAL RK6ISTER.

BOSTOK, WkONESDAY, jAIfUARt 12, 1843.

FIRST AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE
ST.VTE HOUSE.

Agreeably to prei ioiiB notice, members of tlie li'giala-
tiirc and friends of agriculture, met at tlie Slate House
in Boston, on the evening of January 7tli, 18'I2. Mr
Lntlirop, iif Siiulh Hndley, called the meeting to order :
Allen Pulnnm was chosen Clii>irm«n, and S. \V. Cole
Secretary pro tern.

The Chairm.in slated the plan that had been pursued
at the meetings the previous )ear.

Then a committee was < hosen tii nominnle a list of
officers for the season, and leport at the next meeting.

The following (piestion, |>roposed by Mr Merriain,
was adopted for discussion at iho next meeting : —

What ought to be done by the Legi.'latnre and Con-
gress to give an equal impulse to Agriculture with the
aister arts P

After the necessary preliminBrieB had been attended
to there wi.s u brief but pertinent contiderntion of
AlUCK.

Mr Stone, of Beverly, stated that he was not a farmer,
but that he was interested in farmers and their purnuils,
and that hj wjs desirous of learning in order that he
might commmiicole and do good. He desirtd to learn
Boineihing of the worth of muck, meadow mml, swamp
muck, or whatever else its name ; how it should be used
and on what soils.

After a silence of some minu-tes, the Editor of this
paper stated thai he was unwilling to have so important
n matier to ihe farmers fall undiecuesed — and that he
would say a few words.

He comm.'nced by remarking that the articles wliich
pass under the names of murk, swamp mud, meadow
mud, bog murk, &c. have been used with very difl'erent
success. In some instances it has been found serviceable,
in otliers not so. This may be owing in part to the dif-
ferent qualities of the article taken (mm different locali-
ties. The manor obtained from the wet holes is most-
ly decayed vegetable matter, and its quality may be va-
ried by the kind of growth which has been sustained in
nges past, upon the swanip and the surrounding uplands.
An intelligi nt gcnllcmin once expressed to him the bi-.
lief that where the growth upon the swamp had been
maple and that upon the surrounding uplands had been
hard wood, timl the muck is belter than where the origi-
nal growth was pine. The speaker knew not whether
the opinion is well founded.

The mineral matters in the bed below the muck and
in the adjoining uplands, which impregnate the waters
that ooze up through the muck, m«y affect the charac-
ter of the muck as a fertilizer. From these views it fol-
lows that if one man has found his muck serviceable up-
on a particular soil, it is by no means certain that oilier
muck will bo found equally valuable upon a similar soil.

Ho believed that the great causa of failure is the use
of the article in an improper slate. All vtgeiablo mat-
ters in their process of decay become acid — while they
remain in the wet bed, the acid is retained in them —
and as long a« the acid is there, the muck ii not n fertili-
ror. He had two years since an account of the use of
muck from a very intelligent farmer of VVeslboro', who
Ihen represented that town in the legislature, which
▼ery distinctly points out the difl'erent effects of muck
when applied in its fresh state, and when not used until
it has been dug several years. This gentleman pur-
»bued ( small farm a mile distant from the one on which

he lives. The foriiicr owner dug a considerable quanti-
ty of muck, and applied about one half of it in its fresh
stale to a field which he planted to corn — the crop was
little or nothing. The next ye ir oais and grass seed
were sown — both failed to do any lliing. The other
half of the muck, supposed to be worthless, was left un-
disturbed in a heap for soveral ye.ar.s. When my infor-
mant (Mr B.) became the owner, he plowed up the
vamo field on which the muck had been applied, and
spread the heap there ihat was on hand. He planted to
corn and had a fair crop; then sowed to oats and grass
seed, and both did well. Time, or rather ihe nclion of
frosts and the atmosphere, will remove tln^ acid — but we
may hasten the process by the use of dung, ashes, lime
or alkalies of almost any kind, and may thus speedily fit
for use. It is always well to let it have one winter's
freezing.

As to the proper soil on which to use it, bethought
that, as a general rule its benefits are the greatest on
light and s.indy soils. Tlicio may be a chemical reason
for this. Whenever one finds a ruck or stone imbedded
in the muck, the atone is always ir/ii(e. This is owing
to tliu fact that the acid in the muck has diawn out-the
alkalies the coloring mailers from the rock, and combined
wilh them. Immedintcly around the rock, the acid in
the peat is tmuiralized by matters obtained from the
rock itself. I'ut muck then upon sand or rocks and it
will get from them alkalies, and will be thus prepared,
in pait at least, to become H fertilizer. On oilier soils,
also, il 0 muck is often very conducive to feitiliiy.

A gentleman whose name is noi known, thought that
sacii results as are here described, could exist only
where the rocks contain some lime.

Mr Fitch, of Shefli. Id, staled that by the month of
two or three witnesses a word is conlirmed. There
could be no doubt that this swamp mud was in many,
cases highly serviceable. A friend of his in Dutchess
county, N. Y., where the soil was on a slaty and clayey
gravel formation, was in the iiabit of applying this muck,
after il had been dug one year, and found it as valuable,
load for load, as barn manure. None can doubt its
worth, for upon throwing up a ditch bank through a
meadow where none but the coarse water grasses grow,
there will in a few years be on this bank a heavy growth
of grass of good quality. His observations tended to
confirm tlio views of the Editor in regard to its great
value upon sandy lands.

[We have given but a meagre report of the interesting
und valuable remaiks of this gcnllcman. The situation
in which we were placed, deprived ua of opportunity
to take notes.]

Mr Buckminster, editor of the Plowman, dwelt more
fully upon tlie difl'erent and unlike substances, taken
from the wet holes, than those who preceded him. Tho
matters from holes which contain mostly decayed leaves,
wood and the like, ho called muck, and stated that il
might generally bo applied immediately to the soil. In
meadows where llicio is a growth Iroin below, the eub-
stance is peat. But peat is very different in its texture
and properties — some is black and firm, having but liiile
fibrous matter, while other i« composed mostly of fibres.
The former is as much better than tho loiter as hickory
or walnut wood is butler than white pine. Another
Buhstanco, heavy and black, found where hassocks
abound, contains (as he was understood to say,) no vege-
table matter, and is of little value as a fertilizer. Tho
muck and poat he tliinks good. Upon sandy and grav-
elly lands these articles are found to produce highly
beneficial clfocis— particularly upon gravelly knolls.
There, perhaps for reasons already suggested, the acid
of the muck may bo neutralii.d by alkaline matters in
the amall stonef. But we do not profeii to know the

T

leiA *!
tu4 =

cau-e — lUnfiict is all ihat is important to practical i!
.-Msn, it is probable that the muck or peat here hai
vorable mechanical notion — helping to retain mots
and to keep the land from drying up. Gravel is
warm nature; the muck is cold, and a mixture of
two gives the proper temperature. Here is a rt.
why on somu cold lowlands, gravel is a bettor drtk
than cl.ij or even the best garden mould. On mei<l '
more loose in texture, and warmer, the other fubstti
clay, loam or mould, will be found most serviceablt „
Mr Collnmore, of I'einbrokc, staled that ho had.«.
some use of meadow mud. A few years Bince,.|
the v.inlcr rut a a ditch through a meadow and M
the mud to the upland. By mixing with the niudM ^
casks of lime, he foimcd thirty cartloads of coi
I On tome of this he planted ^jotaloes, and by thei
he planted potatoes upon barn manure. In aulu;
afked the man who was digging the potatoes, an4^
was ignorant ol the applications that had been m^
I ihe soil in the spring, wlielher he found any difTtn
: in the potatoes on ihe dilfereni part* of the fiild. '
wficre llie plaster was put, they are. best. The <
mistook the partirles of lime for plaster. Another
lion of the compost w.-ia spread on corn land ;
upper and poorer side of tho field. The Agric
Commissioner visiting Mr Cullamore in the lui
was enabled by the superior sizd of the corn, to tel
far the muck or compost extended. Mr C. thin
with a cask of lime and muck enough, he can rai
loads of very gojd manure (or light lands

Mr Merriam, Editor of tho Culiivator, stated
one inaiance muck put into his hog yard laio in a
did not fraeze much in the winter, and when
next season was of very little service. While
dug at the same time, and put where it was
during the winter wilh urine from his cattle,
very good. He Btated also other facts generally o
ing the statements of those who preceded Jiim.

The conversation relating to muck, was a vei
sant, and as wo think, useful one. Our ra|>ort
loss full tliaii we wish it was, though tlieimportai
are mostly if not entirely included.

FOURTH AND LAST REPORT OF THE
CULTURAL COMMISSIONER.
This Report fills more than SUO pages — is ezcea
well written— contains very many valuable (U
and will add to Mr Colman's reputation. Il
principally to tho agriculture of Franklin and Mid
counties. While we give il general approbation,
are many passages and pages, which, though well
ten and interesting, seem to u» misplaced in the bl
report of a public officer. Wo shall have occasion
after to notice it more particularly, and to extract I
from its contents.

ROBERT MERRY'S MUSEUM.
This work, issued inonlhly, is edited by S. G,
rich, author of Peter I'ai ley's Tales, and is publii
Bradbury & Sodcn, 10 School street. No oihar
ill our vicinity equals Mr Goodrich in pleasaat
tellin;,'. The general tono of his stories is (leallll
moral, while they both entertain and instruct ihi
of readers for whom they arc designed. This Hi
would find a welcome, ond would bo uieful io I
every family where there are children.

STILL ANOTHER AGRICULTURAL PAPI

"The British American Cultivator," publii
Toronto, edited by W. G. Eilmundion, is the till
monthly paper, well got up, and gives promiae »t
a valuablo work.

\ \. xr». .in.

A N D H 0 R T I C U L 1' U R A L R K G I S T E R

223

>r Ar.ij — r.>wl« nhoiild nrverl..- k. |)i nil lli«) at.-
roiiiij; "iiiM i.iy more <igi;<, niiil V"un;< oiun iiro
pt (■> lay llicrn wlirn lliry •re ri'ni"»e<l In a ili»-
irn ilinii wlirii k*pl xvlirro lliry »i-rti luod. Any
iii:\) |>.iy for > ni-w(|>ap«r I'lir yi-nm witli llio pro-
if ii'»in|{li' lion wull brcil to l.iunjt rfs»; and •mo
of buckwheat with a vrry iVw p<ilali>cs will koop
t cr>'p full during the winlur — and t>v" hour'a
• uilablr luil will ofii-n lif nulliriunl, trillinul
ri', t.> Tnuo a buslu'l of buokwliont Wlin that
, cannot afford to lake a »f\v»papi-r — Mu»t-

rrnlily n-diirrd. Wo do nut hear nr any naUi ol fureinn
wurih rrp'iriins.

Triine nr Sakony KIecce«, woiihril, lli. -47 a :.n f.--Ainrr
unii flill Mood,ila43 a 4r.--l).i 3 4 ilo 40 a 41 l)<>. I i dn
31 a 37 — 14 and cuniinoo di. 3i) a .ia— Sin\rnn Sheep,
^vn^lled, 30 a »6-- l>n. unwnahod, 10 a 14 '-lleni;n>i do
8 u ID— Saxonj, clean, — llueium Ayr»» unpicked, 7 a 10—
.lu di> picked, I '.2 a It— Siiperliiic Northern pulled lamb 37
H 4.* -.No. I do. do. do. ib a 37— No. 1! do ilu do Ui a 30-
.\o. 3 do Jo do 18 a 20.

UAV, per ton, tlO to 2n- Ivantern Socewed 817 to 19.

CIII'.KSR--Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to «e.— New & Ia8.

ECliS, 16 a '25.

Tlir.llMOMKIIUCAI.

Kriiorlrillui llle New CiiKlniul Kainiri

ml llie rherinoineternl the (iardeiior ill

ew F.iigland Farmer, llrighion, Mnm.

rly exponure, for the week cniling Jan. 9;

POl'HUK'ITK.

r.Oo HnrreU P.uidreiK- mnv he lind on application to the

1 iuliseriher, at «2 per barrel ol four bu«hel8 each- delivered

! propricioi-s „„ |,u„f^ „f vessel in lliis city. Orders lij- ninil, rnclnniiig

in a ahadcd the moin'v wiil he promptly mien. led to, if rceeiveil soon by

D. K. MINOU, Agent, Ho Nas-au st , New York.

Jan, 0. 1842.

1«I42.

I 6,A..M. I 12, M. I 6.1*. iM. | Winii.

N. W.

N.
N. W<

N. E.

S. \V.

N.E.

34 I 3.J I 3J I N. W.
* beJow zero

• II lOiN .MARKK.T.— .Monday, Jan. 10, IM3.

Ite|x>rteii fur llie New Knslonil K«cinrr.
.M.irket 330 Beef Cattle, 820 Sheep niid 180

ts — lieef Calllt We quote ihc aiime as last

Kimt quality, $■'> '"0 a 5 7."). Sir.ind quality,

5 i".. Tl.iid qu.ilily $:) 50 a 4 50.

p. — .N'-nrly all the sheep at Market have been

Wo quole lots at $1 50, $_',U0 $2 50, and

... -.\ small lot selected, 3 1-4 and 4 1-4 ; a lot
a 3 1-4. At r«i:iil, fn.m 4 to 5 1-3

rilOLESALK PRICES CURRE.NT.

Corrected tcith threat crtrr, iceckhj
DS Herds Gras.i, $3 on to 3 25 per bushel. Red Top,

cents. Clover— Northern, 13c.— Soulhcni, 12 to 13 c.
ced, »1 8J to 1 85 bu. Lucerne, 25 c per lb. Ca-
■od. 85 per bushel.

UR. There hiive been no solea of Southern of any
np<-'runce, and the business done in Genesee has
erely lo supply Ihe jmrnediale demand for home con-
jii. There have been several arrivals from New Or-
lUl no sales had been made 31 the close ol our repntl
at SO. The quaniily of FInur received ai New Or-
roni Gib Novemberto December 24ili, was C5.914 Ibis
more Howard Slreel, 4 nios. cr. tB 37 — ilo. wharf,

6 25-do. free of sarlic, »6 37— Philad.lphi.T Ho. 4
; 12 a 6 .'5— Fredericksbnrsr, lowl'd 4 mos. »6 12 a
lleiandria, wharf uiounluin. SO 12 a 6 25 — Geiiri;e-

6 25 a C 37— Richmond Canal, J6 25— do. Ciiy,
.Genesee, comnion, cash, *G 25 — do. (ancy brands

0 37— Uhio via Canal, tifij a G 12— Indian .Meal in
3 00 a 3 2"t

Vl.-^IONS. No material change has occurred in
iriicle under this bead since Ihe last report, and for.
ices arc continued. The quaniily of Pork received
'ew Orleans durin? the past year exceeds Ihe imports

preccdini; year 2I,2G8 bids; and of Lard, 1270 bbls.

aii kegs; tlams, 6J3 hhds. and 510 l.bls.

— Mess, 4 mo new bbl. «10 00 — Navy— »8 SO a 9 00

1 »- iki— do Prime *.'. 00 a 5 50— Pork— Eilra clear,
bbl »I3— da Clear ill a 12- do Mess S$ .50 a 9 So
rime *7 00 a r 50 — do Mess from other States tS 25
-do Prime 87 00 a 7 50.

.\1N The market remains exceeilinijly depres.^cd,
. larijc stock on hand. Several recent arrivals are
If -red, for the want of iiuyers. Sates of ihe week c^im-
ew vellow Com, 60c.; do old do. 61 a C3c. ; new
56 a'5'^c. i do old. 59b 6iie. per bushel ; old round Mc.
I O.rs. Delaware, 4-4C. per bushel; 750 iiusheU Ohio
sold by auclion to day. 57c. per bushel, ca»h.
I— .Northern, bushel 6"> lo 69— do. Round 1 eMow 63
:)n. Southern Flat Vell.iw 60 a 62— While do. 56 a
rlf-y 65 a 65 — Oats — Soiiihern 47 a 48 — Norlhern do.
0— Beans, per bushel 75 a 1 50.

l)L. Duly. The v.ilue whereof at the place of ei
1 shall not exceed 8 els. per pound, free. AM where-
il'je exceeds 6 els. per pnuml, 32 per ct. ad val. and
T pound.

_ has lieen a moderate demand for domestic Wool,
ot reported prices, and the stuck at market is consid

>%'IL.I.IS'8 t.ATBST IIUPRUiED VKOBTAUL.K
CVTTBR.

This machine surpasses nlloihers for the purpose of cut
ting Riiia B»?n, Man:;el Wurliel, and other routs The
greiil olijecl!on lo nilier m.ichincs, is ih.
inin slices, whiih innkes it all

to get hidd of Ihem; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into l.irge or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenieni fortlic cattle to *at. It will cut with ease from
one lo Iwo bushel. orroot:a |ier minute.

For .sale bv JOSEPH BRECK&CO.at the New Eng-
land Agri'uliural AVarcfiouse, No 51 and 5i North Market
Street, linsioii, Sept. 1

ing Ihe roots

npossible for the catile

APPLE; PAKKHS.

Just received at the New En:?l3nd Agriciiliural Ware-
house, No 51 and 52 North Market Sircet, a good supply of
Stniiln/s Siiprrinr Apple I'arers, a very useful article. With
one of ihesi* m.-ichincs a bushel of apples may be pared in
a very shoi i time in the best posible manner, and with great
saving of ibe apple, as the oiilsidcs may be taken otfai any
required thickness. The above is also for sale ai N P. U
WILLIS', No 45 .\'orih Market Street. S(;UODKK, COR
DlSsV CO , and HOSMER&, TAPPAN, MilU Street •

Sept. 1 Cw JOSKPII BRECK & CO.

AGRICUL.'rtTRAL. IMPLIO.MKXTS, Slc

The Proprietors ol the New England AgriculluralWare-
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 52 North Market street,
would iiif"rm their customers and Ihe public generally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortinenl of Agri-
culluial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
.States. Part of which are the lolluwing:

1000 How^ird's Patent Cast

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovel*.

Iron Ploughs

150 " Common do.

300 CoinmiMi flo. do.

inu " Spades.

aoo Cultivators.

500 " Grass .Scythes.

tuo 1 Ireenc's Straw Cutlers.

3.1(1 " nteiit Snniths

00 Willis' do. ilo

2ii<i " Common do.

100 Commo'i do. do.

son " Hay Rakes.

lot) Willis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden ilo.

Shellers.

200 " Manure Forks.

50 Common do do.

3iio " Hay do.

2..0 Willis' Seed Sowers.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

50 " Vegenble Cutters

lOO " Truck do.

00 Common do do.

100 Draft do

200 Hanrl Corn Mills.

500 Tic up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

50 doz. Halier do.

100 Ox Vokcs.

mill) yards Fence do.

I6II0 Doz Scvihe Stones.

2j Grind Stones on rollers.

30OII • Austin's Uiflei.

March I7.

L'KTANU MMIC.

Farmers in want of Lime lor Agricultural purposes will
lind It Krenlly to th- ir mlvnnlnge to Iry llie St. (iiorije Coa.
WV'Mtut Lime, snid lo li« i>ui>erior h>r that purinoe In any
other ever yet intrixlnced. For ule by DAVlll DAV'ldL
over Ihe Hope Insurance Olltce, Statti St., lioslun.

Sept. 8. 3m

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinprovcnn iiis bnve been niiiile the nasi year in th«
form and workmanship ol ibese Ploughs; the nmuld l>< aril
has been so formed as to la>i Ihe furrmr romplctr'ti orcr.
lurning in coerij particle of graft or ilul'hie, ami lenrire Ihc
grnnnd in Ihe best jwasible manner. The Icnpih of th*
mould board has hi n very much' incrensct, vo that the
Plough works wiih Ihe greatest ease, both with renpect to
the holding and ihc lenm. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the Ploughs
we should prefer Inr use on a farm, we might iierhaps sii) to
the inquirer, if your bind ts mostly light and e.isy In wiul,
try Proiity & Mears, but if your land is heavy, hird orroel.y,
BKGIN WITH Mr. HowABn'a.''

At ihe above me-.l;oned trial the Howard Plough did
more trork, with Ihe same p9ver nf learn, than any other
plough exhibited. No >ither tunied more than iwentyse.'en
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draucht, while lli«
Jfmeard Plough turned ticentynine and one Imlf inehet. to
Ihe same power of tram ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quiie an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side ol tins Plough, which can be renewed without
having lo kimisJi a new bindside: this shoe likewise secniea
ihc moiihl board and landsidc together, and strciiglheus llic
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to »I3. A Plongh,
snfficicnl for breaking up with four cattle, will cost al*inl
tlO 60, Olid with culler tl, with wheel and cutter, 12 50
exirt-.

The al«vo Plouchs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, M
the New F.ngl.ind Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stole,
Nos. 51 & .52 North niarket Sircet. by

JOSKPIT 13RK0K & C(».

EDSIVKD T. UASTIKGS & CO.
Pore Sperm (°ll.

No. IDI Stale .St, keep constanlly for sale, Winler, Sprint
and F;!ll Sperm Oil, bicnclicd and unbleached ; which ihcj
WarranI to be or the best quality and to bum witboH
crusiii'g.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.

Boston, Jan. 1,1841. isly

SVti DIALS.

Jast received a few nf Sheldon & Moire's, Sun Dials, ■
very neat and useful article for llio purpose of giving the time
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4-CO , No SI and 52 North Market St.

Sept I.

GRINDSTONRS.

An extensive assortment of Water and Hand Grindttoctl
constantly on hand and for sale by AM.Ml C. LOMBAI\i>
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf i-ly. Nov. 17.

FENCE CHAIXS.
Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
oiher purposes. For sale by J. BRF.CK fc

CO., No. .'•2 North Market st.

April 21

TVR I'P CHAINS.

Just received by SOO Chains for tyeing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. II. Deubv, Esq. ol Salell^
and ('ol Jacquks, for the purpose r,f securing entile lo Iha
stall, are found tr lie the safest and most coiivenient mocte
of fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market M.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.;

Just received by Packet Coromanila,
400 pair Tnce Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.
2U0 " Truck and lea ling Chains.
2(10 " Draft Chains. For pale by J. BRECK * CO..
No. 02 North Mtrkel St. Apriltl

2-24

NEW £ xN G L A N D FARMER,

J AS. 12.18

MISCELLANEOUS.

ARTIFICIAL ICE.

One of llio iiinst remarkable inventions of the
(lay, is that of arlijicinl ice, pavements of floors of
which are to be laid down for the amusement of
til )Ke useless people whose time is of no conse-
quence. The world is indchled to some genius in
England for this invention. — The following is from
a Into London paper :

" In America they are boasting the construction
of a railroad to convey ice to Charlestown for llic
supply of the West Indies ! Very well ; but that
is real ice. England has done something nron.' ;
she has established hor independence of winter.
She can do without frost altogether, and yet go on
sltatinr: all the year round. She has discovered
more than Parry did at the Pole ; she has found
out — artificial ice.

To Mr. Bredwcll, whose ingenuity as a machin-
ist has su long been signalized in Covent Garden
Theatre, the public will he indebted for the rcali-
z:\tion of this wonder. It is proposed that in what
were once tiie nursery groimd.'f, in the New Road,
the infant sliall be nursed and reared, and the New
Road to enjoyment thrown open. Magnificent
rooms, on a scale of e.xtraordinary magnitude, will
be laid with sheets of patent ice, upon which the
common skate can be used with the same facility
as upon the frozen Serpentine. There will be
rooms for learners and private parties. The arliti-
cial ice has been put to the test of tlie extreme
heat, and is unaffected by it. It may be used in
jirivate houses, and be carpeted wlien skating is
over.

Such is the accredited statement, and our infer-
ence naturally is, that skating soon will become
popular all over the world. The speculiitors who
long ago sent out skates to India, will now ma!;e
their fortunes. With ourselves it will soon be the
national pastime. People will get up in the dog-
days early, and go out for e. morning's skating.
They will enjoy the sport with advantages hitherto
undreamed of; there will be no keen winter wind
to cut them int wo, no ' mobocracy' to mi.x «ilh, no
rheumatisms to catch, no duckings to dread. The
word ' dangerous' will be osa term in the unknown
tongue. They will not anticipate a draw. back in
llie use of drags, and though they mix in every so-
ciety, the ' Humane' will be untroubled ; there will
be neither falling in nor falling out.

Skating. floors of course, will be laid down in
nil the houses of the affluent, and invilea will be
issueu irom Portland-place and Park-lane, after
the fashion of the accompanying curd :

. Mr. and Mrs. Slippers request the honor of
Mr., Mrs. and Miss Slider's company to an evening
party, on the Ist ot July, 184-. Skates at 10.'

It will be the privilege of a gentleman to soli-
cit the hand of a lady for the ne.M ligure-of eight,
to beseech her to take part with him in the date of
the year, or to join him in a true lover's knot.
Servants will skate in and out with real ice. The
text of .Milton will be altered in llic next edition,
and his couplet will be rend —

" Come trip il, long aii'l Inte,
On the light faiita»li»tknu."
But the skating-tloor will b'e'in equal requent for
family use as for company. On a wet morning
when it is impossible to go oot, the gentlemen will

say ' Here's a soaker ! no ride, no walk ; James,

bring mc my skalca.' Or perhaps the lady will

cry, ' V/hat a horrid dry day 1 nothing but dust !
Why don't ihoy put an awning all over Hyde
Park .' Eustace, my skates ?' What an im-
mense saving will there be in the article of firing,
when people are thus irresistibly moved to ' stir
their stumps,' instead of the fire.

But will the advantage end here r Certainly
not. There can be no question but that the ex-
periment will be tried in tho new House of Parlia-
ment, where, should a ekating-fioor be laid down,
notices of motion will be far less abundant than
motions without notice. Changing sides will be a
matter of constant practice ; to cut figures, not to
cultivate them, will be the order of the day ; the
noble lord will • feel great reluctance in reducing
himself to the level of the honorable gentleman,'
and the honorable gentleman ' will be very unwil-
ling to adopt the position of the noble lord.' Sup-
porting/ic-titions will be of less consequence than
supporting par. titions ; and the strong party mea-
sure that will be necessary, will be a strong party
wall.

Westminster Hall will of course be furnished
with a floor for the use of the lawyers, and the ju-
ries in waiting ; the counsel will show where an
action may lie, the plaintiff will naturally go
against the defendant, and the defendant will nat-
urally move for a new trial. The town-halls
throughout the kingdom will be similarly supplied.
But may not patent ice-pavements be laid down in
our popular thoroughfores ? We have asphalte
promenades and wooden highways ; but what are
such inventions as these to the convenience of
ice-pavemenle, and the luxury of skating down
Cheapside, to be early on 'Change ? What a
ninth of November will that be which shows us
the two Sheriffs skating away to Guildhall after
the new Lord Mayor, followed by the Court of Al-
dermen and the Companies. A procession on
skates ! the Cabinet Ministers, the Judges, the
sword-bearer, and the men in armor, — all skating
like Dutchmen !"

.1 Challenge of Love. — The following anecdol
is too good to be lost. Two of our most respeclil
ble and benevolent citizens, whom we shall de
nate as B. and W., were in conversation reso
ing a poor family who needed aid. Said B., '
you ought to give them a barrel of flour."
will," replied the oilier, " if you will whe
down there in twenty minutes." " I'll do it,"
•ponded B. The barrel of flour was purck
and B. trundled it off, in compliance with tlie<
lenge, through the snow and mud of last Satur
to gladden the hearts of the poor family, at a {
tanco of not less than a mile. — HampaKire Ga

A man named Stone exclaimed in a bar-n
" I'll bet I have the hardest name in tliecomp
" Done," said one of the company, " what's
name ?■" "Stone,' cried the first. "Hand I
the money," said the other ; " my name is Hi
er I"

Jl Quaker's Advice. — A pretty girl was
plaining to a young Quaker that she was dread
ly troubled by chaps on her lips. ' Friend M^
replied broad brim, ' thou should'st not allow
chaps to come so near thy lips.'

GRifZEN'S PATENT 8TRA IV CUTTER.

4

JOSKPH BRECK *. CO. at the New England A
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nog. 61 an<i62Nort!
ket Slreel, hove for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hav A
Slalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not btfe
applied toa»y iniplemeni for this purpose. The most
inenl effects of ilus upplicaliou, and some of the cour-
peculiarities of the maeUine arc:

1. i5o great a reduction of the quantum of power r(
to use il, thai the strength of a half grown boy is sul
to work il clficieiitly.

2. With even this moderate power, il easily cuts tvi
o,) In the -iirp nf BPvpntv els a minute, which is lull iwice as fast us has bcea
ed to the age ot seventy. ^ ^^^ ^^^ other machine even when worked hy horse o

I 3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner mwnu
cut, require sharpeuiug less often than those of any
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple nuts construction, mad*
together very strongly. Il is therefore not so liable
complicated machines in general use to get out of

Age of Animals. — A bear rarely e.^ceeds twenty
years ; a dog lives twenty years ; a woif the
same ; a fox fourteen or sixteen years ; lions are
long lived. Pompey

The average age of cats is fifteen years ; a squir-
rel or hare seven or eight years ; rabbits seven.
Elephants have been known to live to the great
age of four hundred years. When Alexander the
Great conquered one Porus, king of India, he took
a great elephant which had fought valiantly for the
kingi «n<l named him Ajax, dedicated him to the
sun, affd let hiin go with this inscription : " Alex-
ander the son of Jupiter hath dedicated Ajax to
the sun." This elephant was found with this in-
scription 350 years afterwards. Hogs have been
known to live to the age of 30 years ; the rhinoce-
ros to iO. A horse has been known to live to the
age of (;'2, but averages a.5 to 30. Camels some-
times live to the age of 100. Stags are long
lived. Sheep seldom exceed the age of ten.
Cows live about fifteen years. Cuvier considers it
possible that whales sometimes live one thousand
years. Mr. Mallerton has the skeleton of a swan
that attained the age of two hundred years. Pel-
icans arc long lived. A tortoise has been known
to live to the age of one hundred and aovcn. —
StUcicd.

The purest pleasure is that which arise* from
the conscioBsness of having done our duty.

9

alllMDSTOSES, ON FRICTION ROL.t.EBl.

Grindstones cf (litferciil sizes hung on friction roller*
moved with n foot Iroodor, is found to l.c a great ""I*
menl on the present mode of hanging grindstones. W
case with which tliev move upon the rollers, render? IIB
very easy In turn with the loot, by which llic lalor uf
man is saved, and llie person in the ocl of grindinj!,
goTern the stone inure to his mind by having the cc
control of his work. Stones hung in this inannnr
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give
sal satisfoclion. Tho rollers can be allacbed to »lor
in ihe coniiiion wav. _„

For sale l)y JOSKPU DRECK &, CO., Nos. H aiiB
North Market Uoston. JuljM

N EW ENGLAND FARMKE. ^

A WEKKLT PAPER. ^

Terms, $2 per year in adtance, or $2 53 if nol|^

within ihirly days.

N. B. — Poilmnslers arc permitted by law to frii

(iibscriptiona and remittance* for newipapen,

ezpfnsB to aubacribcra.

TUTTLK ABB DKWNITT,

II

AND H O It T I C U L T U R A L II E G I S T E K .

PDBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO. B9 NOUTH M.tUKST STUEliT, (Aoiiioultuuai Waeimobie.j-AI.II \ II I \.\.M, EDITOR.

BOSTOiN, W KDNi:si)AV KVK.MNG. J.\NUAriV 11», \BVi.

N. E. FARMER.

Korihe N. E. Kiriner.

AYRSHIRE STOCK.

In EuiTOB — I have lately rend in the Boston

tivalor, of Doc. 4th, a few answers by the cdi-

to the questions of a correspondent about Ayr-

0 stock, wherein he stales that "it has proved

excellent in the short pastures of Scotland,

wlirn removed to richer pastures it has run to

ind has not sustained the high dairy character

:h It has in Scotland." Would not this, there-

, prove a very excellent stock for New Eng-

, where it will be allowed the pastures arc

3rally short ; i^.vcept in the mowing fields, and

ilhcr thi'ae ■!« Ids or the pastures happened to

)0 rich, the remedy would be easy ; just put on

; stock ; and if its susceptibility of running to

n rich, and its high dairy character on poor

ure is so great, would it not answer two of the

important purposes that we require stock for,

milk and beef? For fine symmetry of form

beauty of color, it is not surpassed if equalled

ny other breed. I think the editor has been

nto some mistake about rich pasture injuring

igh dairy ciiaracter, or if it does, it can only

) a small extent, as the following statement

show. Mr Harley, in his work on the dairy,

ms us on page 2(5^, that Mr .Mton set down

uarls of milk per day as a reasonable estimate

e avcmgc produce of each of the 2000 cows

in the city of Glasgow, they being generally

e improved Ayrshire breed, and higlily kept.

doctriRe of rich pasture injuring its high dairy

icter, would be news to the people of Britain,

■e rich pasture is highly appreciated for dairy

OSes. The editor of the Cultivator farther

3 that "this stock is neither common or sought

real Britain, the Devone being better adapted

e light lands of England." Now I think the

ir has been led into another error in two of

5 statenienls at least, viz: its neither being

nmoa or sought," for it is stated on the above

ed page of Mr Harlcy's book, that " for 20

9 u-liote cdonies <>f the improved breed have

carried to every county in Scotland, and to

counties of England." What the editor

^a by light lands, 1 cannot say, but if Ik; means

light or short pasturage is produced from such

, then however well the Devons may be adapt-

3 such land, according to his own eliowing the

shires certainly are. Mr Harley, who is of the

est authority on this subject, informs us, on

> 104, that he "had cows, by way of experi-

t, from dili'ereni parts of the United Kingdom,

urcliased ten at one Edinburgh market, of the

c shorthorn breed, at £20 each, but they did

give more milk nor of better quality than .Ayr-

1 cows that were bought at the same period for

a head, and on comparison it was found that

latter were much cheaper kept, and that they

oved fvlly more in beef and fat than the high

id cows, a decided preference was therefore

given to llie improved Ayrshire breed." He stales
on page 100, tJial ho had one cow which for a con-
siderable time, gave 40 <|uarts per day, had a num-
ber of very fine cows which produced from 'i^i to
30 quarts per day. On page 10t> ho further states,
" Another pood quality of the improved Ayrshire
breed is, that nUer they have yielded a large quan-
tity of milk, they fatten well, make excellent mixed
beef, and yield a considerable quantity of tallow:
this is easily accounted for, as in general ihoy feed
freely, have capacious stoiiuichs, and when dry, the
food which produced the large supply of milk, is
converli'd into fat and flesh ; this fact should in-
duce every dairy husbandman, whether on a largo
or small scale, to be careful in the selection of his
cows." And it would appear from llio result of
tlio Bridgewater Cattle Show, that Mr Hiirley was
borne out in his opinion, the preference there being
given to the Ayrshires — .Mr Randall's stock car-
rying off three of the highest premiums given, viz:
on bulls, cows, and heifers, the Durhains coming in
only second best. In the report of llie agricultural
meeting held in Boston, January lOlli, 1840, Mr
Webs;er, after speaking favorably of the Devons,
says that he "thought quite well also of the Ayr-
shires: they were good milkers, and being a hardy
race, were on that account well suited to the cold
climate, and to the coarse, and sometimes scanty
pasturage of New England."

Respectfully, yours,

ALEXANDER BICKETT.
Lowell, Jan. 6, 1842.

SALE OF CREAM POT STOCK.

On Tuesday, llth inst. was sold the stock which
Col. Jaques has for several years been engaged in
raising. Much has been said of these aniiunls —
but the public estimation in which they are held, is
less, if the price obtained for the animals is a fair
index of public opinion, than we have been accus-
tomed to suppose.

We subjoin a list of the names of the animals
sold, with the age or nearly the age of each ; the
price, and the number of the animal on the Cata-
logue (published in our paper of 22d December
last.)

The ten bulls averaged a little less than $20
each; the eight heifers, $\0; the twentyfivc cows,
quite near $50 each. Fortythree (throe calves not
counted,) brought .S10'J8, or about !?30 1-2 each.

We should give the names of the purchasers,
were it not that some of them have expressed a de-
sire that we should withhold them.

Bolls.
Ab. on Catalogue. Name.

13. Clyto,

7. Medium,
IR. Globe,

5. Orange,

8. Curvet,

3. Don,
10. Count,
12. Silver,

4. Leo,
Brilliant,

.age.

Prier..

2 yrs.

.$10

2 1-2

22

3-4

1.5

4 12

10

2 1-2

28

7

04

3

2;}

2

2«;

9

8

2

51

20.

Topaz,

1 3 4 yrs

#21

28.

Nymph,

1 J-2

M

;io.

fJhenI,

I 1-1

M

31.

Branch,

1

13

32.

Chryslal,

23

12

25

Crimp,

3

35

27.

Charm,

13-4

41

29.

t'onstant.

1 1-2

10

;i3.

Cologne,
Cows.

12

7

1.

Civilia,

14 yrs.

eic

3.

Kate Bolivar,

10

31

4.

(Ireampot co»

16

7

T^.

Glossy,

1.5

38

0.

Olive,

714

34

7.

Betty,

7

III

Her calf.

24 days.

12

8.

Coral,

7 yrs.

00

Her calf,

2;! days.

6

9.

Gaze,

.5 1-2 yrs.

,52

10.

Dolly,

fi

05

11. '

Cherry,

0

:J7

13.

Gipsy,

512

7.5

14.

Anna,

5 1-4

40

15.

Lemon,

4 3-4

38

16.

Cypress,

4 1-2

35

17.

Grecian,

41-2

47

18.

Huldah,

41-2

31

19.

Only,

4 1.2

67

20.

Bountiful,

4 1-3

65

21.

Bouquet,

3 3-4

39

22.

Otter,

3 23

71

23.

Diana,

3 1-2

45

24.

Cosset,

31-3

25

2.

Fanny,

11

19

12

Coquet,

0

29

Gem,

]r,5

Her calf.

10

For (he N. E. Farmer.

CORN CULTIVATED WITHOUT HILLING.
Mr Editor — I last summer cultivated a piece
of corn without hilling, so often advised in your
columns, and shall never hill any more. There is
not only j great saving of labor, but the land is
left in much belter condition for the plow at har-
vesting ; grain, &c. are more easily sown among
it, and also harvested with greater facility. It is
sometimes prostrated, but it recovers itself, and
hilling is no preventive of this misfortune.
Yours, respectfully,

A BroiMTm.

The above communication contains nothing from
which we can oven conjecture who is the writer.
Nameless articles, though often good, and often
such as we are willing to insert in consequence of
their own merits — these nameless articles carry
with them much less vreight than such as have the
writer's name annexed. — Ed. N. E. F.

226

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

For the New England Fiirmur.

Tlie general charges of W., of " imperfeclionR, j and other superior grasses, is one richly dw

— I unpardomllc blunders, rocklesBnesi, ne<'iiiTence

AMKRICAX SWINE BIIECDER. | &c., can Ve mat only by n genoral answer." I cm

MrPi'TNAm— Dear Sir — I nnlicod in a late | ""'V ^oy 'I'cy "'■'- unfounded— os unfounded as

number of tlie " Massachusells Ploujliman," ac-
companied by liighly comniendntDry remarks by the
editor of that paper, some severe strictures, over
the signnturo of W., upon a work lately published
by H. W. Ellsworth, Ksc)., entitled the " American
S>vinc Breeder." I fully ajjree wiih \V. in his
general views ns to extravagant visionary theories
of the unpracticcd in farming', as well as upon any

tliey are discourteous to a (.rentleinaii who has hon
estly endeavored to extend the knowledge and ad-
vance the interests of the farfning community.

F may be excused for sayinpf that I have some
ac(|uainiance with the subject of which Mr Ells-
worth's bonk treats. Tlie truth and correctness of
most of the principles therein laid down, I have
verified by the test of experiment. I have had, al

other subject, whether recommended in nn afrricul- so, the opinion of other persons enn-ni'ed in the

tural paper, or published in the more imposin
form of a. book. But I do not like their applica-
tion in this instance, because I think he has done
great injustice to the character of that work, as
well as to the motives of the talented and highly
respectable author. I am of opinion also, thai his
remarks may do essential injury to the farming in-
terests, so far as they tend to bring into disrepute
a work which I believe all practical farmers, at
least OS far as I have been able to gutlior their
opinions, consider to be one of the most valuable
contributions to agricultural science that, for many
years, has been offereti by learning, industry and
praciical skill.

I have the pleasure of knowing Mr Ellsworth,
and I can assure \V. he has entirely mistaken the
views and motives which actuated that gentleman
in preparing and publishing the work alhulcd to.
1 cannot doubt that W. v ill give me credit for ihe
most perfect sincerity in assuring him that it was
not " for the sake of profit" nor from "an ambition
to appear in print," that induced Mr Ellsworth lo
publish his book upon the reoriagof swine. The
subject was too humble for the pen of one who had
already distinguished himself as an author, to in-
duce him to suppose it could add much to his fame
as a writer, and there are too many, in our lime,
whose motives I have no right to question, who are
continually nursing the already too prevalent pre-
judice against books upon agricultural subjects —
too many who arc ready to throw a sop to this dis-
gusting bantling, the offspring of jealousy and
prejudice, that has set like an iuciibua upon every
generous effort for improvomcnt in ru-al economy,
to allow the learned author of the " American
Swine Breeder" to presume that the profit on the
work would add much to his wealth. Very little
has been written in this coiiniry, and our formers
ore perhaps less ncfiuainted with the business of
rearing and fattening swine than with any other
which 88 materially aflTccts their interests, and in
the wholecalalogue of English works upon farmini',
we find but ono, and that very imperfect, which is
exclusively divoted to this subject. Something
was needed to awaken the attention of farmers to
their true interests in this mailer, and to enlighten
them on a subject so intioiatoly connected with
good husbandry. Ereling the importance of such
a work, and with a single eye to the advancement
of agricultural knowledge, a few practical farmers,
on casting about, could find no one whose treneral
information, expuri'Mice in this branch of husband-
ry, and ardent devotion to the best interests of far-
mers, so well qualified him for the undertaking as
Mr Ellsworth. At their suggestion he undertook
the work, and with great labor and research per-
formed it, and with what success, lot the wonder-
fully improved cundilion of our swine, the extend-
ed diiiiorisions of our manure hi;aps, and the in-
creased produce of our fields, tell.

tlie attention of the economical stock raiser."

Hern then is the whole offence of this " ree
author. He has honestly given to the rearf
results of practical farmers in England, anij
eludes by recommending it to the consideratf
farmers in the Western Stales, and that it dei
the alleniion of the economical stock raiser.

As to .Mr Bntnham's pigs, I have no doub'
gentleman considered the hay tea as ihc
cause of their death, but from a conversation
I had the pleasure of having with him a short'
after the appearance of his published occoi'
was led to infer that Ihc clover hay made use
him, was not of the first quality : that having '
imperfectly cured, it was not entirely free
must. If I am correct in this inference, i' •
alone would have been sufficient to prodi ,
disastrous consequences that followed. i; i
fully persuaded that Ihe los? of Mr B.'s pi
not occasioned by hay tea. By feeding for
siderable time on thin wash, unmixed wit
coarse or stimulating food to excite a heall
I'on of the stomach, and having no charcoal

rearing of swine — gentleinen, loo, who are " un-
imlli7ifr to tend themselves to ileceive" who either
want the sagacity of W. to discover these " blun-
ders," or the ingenuousness to state them. If
these numerous errors do in fact exist, they should
be pointed out, and until tlioy are, 1 must bo al-
lowed the liberty of ranking these sweeping denun-
ciations among other too often repeated, sickening
tirades against "book farming."

To prove the "nckliss" character of the author
of the " .\merican Swine Breeder," W. quotes the
case of Mr Biirnham's Berkshire pigs, whose death i ''^'''"'^ substance to correct the redundant bit
is attributed to one of the unpardonable blunders ' f""'*^" "^ •'"' digestive organs ceased to ai
of that book. Mr Burnham ascribed Ihe death of' ''"^ animals died of dyspepsia, rather than fn
his pigs lo the use of hay or clover tea. We are ' '^'"^'^^ oSTect of the hay tea
to infer then, that the blunder of -Mr EllsworUi con-
sisted in his recommending hay tea for swine.
Now supposing that gentleman (Mr B.) lo have at-
tributed the lo.ss of his Berkshire pigs to the true
cause, let us see how far the imtlior of the book in
question has been accessory lo their death. On
page 240 of his work, Mr E., on the subject of hay
tea says : " The use of hay tea in the store feed,
ing of hogs, we learn has been attempted by Mr
Saunders, of Stroud, Gloucestershire, with mnch
success. He was led lo the use of this liquid from
considering its efTects in weaning calves. In his

(Mr Saunders') experiments as stated in the Agri
cultural Magazine, tlie sorts of hay iiiadu use of
were clover, sanfoin and lucerne, and ho thickened
the tea with grains, bran, or any kind of meal, and
e had the great satisfaction to find that he made
a single sack of boiled polaloes, when mixed with
this tea, and without any other ingredient, go as
far as four or five sacks, though boiled, where he
gave Ihem to the pigs alone. With a view, of
showing the praclicability of prosecuting the plan
upon a large scale, he (Saunders) gradually in-
creased his stock to upwards of four hundred, and
in the course of his cxperiiiieiits he useil nearly fif-
teen hundred hogsheads of the wash, consiiniimr,
when his slock was al the highest, ahout five hogs-
heads daily ; and incredible ns it may appear, he
maintained them collectively al the very low rate
of one penny a head per day, in excellent store
order and many of them fit for the butcher."

Af\er further describing the effects of ihis tea,
as stated by Saunders, he adds "that the hay used
for this purpose must be of an excellent quality,
aiul that bad hay is certain destruction to pigs."
I hiia much for the experiments of Mr Saunders.
Mr Ellsworth, also gives the aulhority of Loudon
on Ihe use of hay tea. His oicii opinion on this
subject .Mr E. gives in the following words on page
iJlli : " It is Ktiggesteil lor the consideration of far-
mors in the Western States, whcllier advantigeoiis
resiills might not be anticipated from the use of
hay tea prepared from the wild or prairie grapes:

With all deference for .Mr Burnham's o
I am led lo this belief from the circumstanca
formerly lost some five pigs in the same i
de.-cribed by him, and probably from the
cause, though I gave ihcin no hay tea. I
l.ito years avoided any losses in this way, 1
ing iny swine, every few days, a hearty it
coin, soaked in salt water and mixed with
ashes, having a considerable portion of ch
with it.

Had the author recommended hay tea fort
of hogs in the strongest terms, which he
have been warranted in doing, as well from
riments made in England as in this counlr]
the effect been as bad as Ihat ascribed to it I
Burnham, still it would not, in my opinion, f
an apology for such unqualified censure upol
whole work — a work which it must be alloW
every candid reader, contains much valuable
ter, from which much useful in.ilruction
gathered, and should therefore be in the hsi
every farmer.

Respectfully, yours,

E. PHINN(
Lexington, %ih Jan., 1842.

BERKSHIRE HOGS.
Wilhin the last law years the Berkshire hq
been introduced. His symmetry, thrift, clj
iicss, fineness of bone, his excellent shouldei^
hams, and, above all, his good humor and his I
ed deficiency in the organ of tunc, secured Ul
sal favor. In iny visits among Ihe farmersj
the introduction of this race, I have been
with their enthusiasm for their swine, resell
that of parson Trulliber, in Fielding's Hist
Joseph Audrews; and in finding them, 1 hi
most said, mora proud of their Berkshire p^
their troughs, than of their chubby and rosy-CM
children round their supper tables. I am a |
admirer of the Burkahiro swine, but I could I
synipathise in these preferences : and my
fur human nature has considerably increased j

the experiment, ul all events, in regard to clover, | the progress of the blessed Temperance refoBi '

li

U. X \. .vo. «0.

A N n M 0 R T f C U L T U K A L iv. E G I S T C R

•227

nd slnci- men iiro mnv seldom si-on ns for- '
ffitti nil ritiiiiiahty cxtin^uMlicd, and vvcn j
niiiinl iiatura outraged and degraded,
have licon coiupclli-il, liowever, in this as in I
ithcr cuMOs, to wilneNn the caprlciuusncss of
favor; and to adopt, iviili tlio variation uf
letter, tlio familiar proverb, and say in this
hat " every ho^ must have his day." The '
ty of the Berkshire swine is on tlie wane. |
ijeclod to them by many formers that they 1
lar^fo enough, though they ore camly made '
at fourteen ni<intlis old, ,100 or 'MW lbs. ; !
ther. that Iboy do not cut up well ; and that
on (heir backs and sides i» not thick enough, I
Uy for packing down for fishermen, who |
)« pUd to have their pork all fat, and whom ;
Been spread their uncooked salted fat pork, '
men spread butter, on their bread,
former objection is not made by all persons,
would prefer for their tables the pork of a
ghing 300 lbs. to that of hogs weighing
of which I have seen many in our market
espect to the latter objection, I was half
at first to consider it as mere caprio", but
Phinncy, of Lexington, a farmer in this
not unknown to fame," — and another most
blc farmer of Franklin county, admit that
some truth in it ; and they, as well as ma-
8, prefer a cross to the pure blood. The
on is becoming general, and the butchers
cy market are unanimous in their unfavor-
nion of the Berkshire hogs. They admit
r hams and shoulders are good for bacon;
r backs, where they most require it, have
of fatness, and they are therefore unsuita-
lalting. They are good breeders and nur-
hey may be kept, therefore, to much advan-
re the object is to raise roasting pigs for
Ket. This is sometimes quite profitable,
sow has two litters a year. A roast pig,
aned by the knife, has from time immemo-
1 deemed a most Uusurious dish. So it i.s
continue to be. Charles Lamb says that
nese never knew the luaciousness of a
pig until an accidental fire occurred which
d a pig stye with its inhabitants. In pull-
bodies of these poor creatures, burnt to a
im the fire, some of the skin or flesh ad-
the fingers of the Chinese, and in putting
ids by chance to their mouths, they for the
I in their lives inhaled the odor and tasted
;iousnes8 of the roasted sjiiii. After thut, i
fental burning of pig styes becan-.e se com- ]
t the civil authorities were compelled to

ut just, however, to the Berkshires to say,
unfavorable impression in regard to them,
;eneral, is not universal. An intelligent

exact farmer at Braintree, B. V. French,
d them to answer his expectations. Upon

killing a number, he was well satisfied

r appearance, and is of opinion that much
ejudice which e.'cists against them, belongs

pure but not to the genuine race. — Cot-
ourlh Report.

The Hupcrintrti(l;iiit of the furin itiriiriiii''! uh dint ho
had paid over to tlio u«iicr.< as not profit from this'
land for one year $.'{000, and tlml ho hus «avod
from the profits as his prrional coiiipensatiun be- .
cides, about .f 1000 in the Haine time. IIii ordina-
ry crop of potolnes wns ;)500 bushels, and for '
these he had often obtnined forty cents tlie bushel.
I he farm yielded annually from I'JO to 200 tons of
Kiigli-ifh hoy, worth from ten to fifteen dollars Iho
ton. There wos a largo apple orchard upon tho
f.um, from which 0 priifit is j;'""'-'''''")' derived.
The occupant showed us some large corn, which
hill been raised the last season at the rate uf sixty
busiiols the r.cre.

This farm might be made far more productive
than il now is. It is too large for a profitable New
Kngland farm, cultivated under the eye of a single
occupant in the most advantageous manner. It
would make four or five good farms, and its pro-
duce might be made to reach four or five limes the
present amount

Oxford Sausages. — The following recipe for
making the celebrated Oxford Sausages, so much
desiderated by the lovers of good eating in Eng-
laud, is from a lato English publication. Now is
the time to try it here :

Ingredients : One pound and a half of pig meat
cut from the griskins withotit any skin, and a half
pound of veal. Oue pound and a half of beef
suet, the yolks and whites of five eggs. A dessert
spoonful of sifted sage, after being well dried.
Pepper and salt to taste.

HotD to make the above into Sausages : Chop the
meat into small pieces and then pound it together
in a marble mortar till it is short and tender.

Chop the suet very fine, and when the eggs aro
well beaten together, after the white specks are
taken out, pour the liquid over the pounded meat
and chopped suet, well kneading it toijetlier with a
clean hand, throwing in the sifted sage, and pepper
and salt from a coarsish pepper box during the op-
eration, so as to let them impregnate the whole
mass without being predominant in any part of it.

Press tho whole when well mixed together into
a wide mouthed jar, and keep it from the air in a
cold place.

Roll the sausages on a flour board and use very
little grease in frying them, as they will be almost
fat enough to fry themselves with tlie aid of a fry-
ing pan.

iierr, niid bo nhle to trovcri«e the rail rond with
velocity and snfi.ly.

The Yankees nre priivorhial for llicir ingenuity
and enterprise, and every farmer like tlio (;ie:il and
gund Ws'thiiigloii. rliould mark u'.il liin farming op-
erations for yinrn i:i ndvnnce. If a field is to be
laid out and broken up u yecr or two hence, he
should at hid loiMurc, or when no other avocation
presses, dig and ilrow his rocks to the lino — dig
the trench and fill up with small stones — destroy
the bushes, <l'c. So likewise if he intends to re-
claim a Hwaiiip which has laid dormant since the
days of old Adam, ho should ilitch nnd plough, or
cast on Ilia award, and prepare his compost at a
season of the yenr when he ran do nothing else to
advantage. If he intends to till a sandy lonm, and
convert it into n fertile field, he should prepare the
basis uf his compost heap the year beforehaod,
which should cunsist of mud, clay, with Vegctablu
or animal manure, which a little expcrienci? will
teach liiiii how to npply to the best advantage. No
farmer need be at a loss lor materials to enrich his
fields — ditch-mud, soil from the road side, and
hedge-rows around his fields, will supply him with
tho basis of a rich compost — these carried iritohi*
barn yard and hog sty, in proper seasons and in
suflicient quantities, he will soon 9u.';ceed in render-
ing his farm productive. Kvery farmer should be
provided with a barn cellar, a shelter for his ma-
nure, and a work nhop for his swine. Materials for
their employment can be obtained from a tliouscnd
sources; all vegetable matter, weeds, straw, course
grasses, brakes, mud and loom, will by them be
converted irto the most fertilizing manure, and
these substances can be coilo«t'.'d when there is
nothing suflcring to eali your attention el.-iewhi»rs.
There is no more important or profituhlc labor on
the farm ; but how lo do it right, requires head
icork as well as bodily toil. — Plymouth Rock.

iduclive Farm. — Mr. Hill, in his Monthly
a capital asrricultural periodical, by the
es the following account of the '' Davis
.t Augusta, Me. This farm consists of ."iOO
id sold a few years since for .$23,000.
e other Eastern land purchases, this has
o be at that price a profitable investment.

FAR, MING.

The operations on a farm require incessant toil ;
the corporeal machine must be in constant motion.
It therefore behooves farmers to work head work.
How many of us can see after performing an im-
portant agricultural operation, that with a little
study, we might have accomplished it with much
less labor. VVo are too apt to misapply our
strength, ond waste our energies in some favorite
scheme of redeeming our soil, which a little mental
exertion would have rendered a light and healthful
excreise.

There are several ways in which almost every
farming operation can be performed. The old
road, the turnpike, and the rail road ; some will not
travel the turnpike on account of the loll, and many
prefer the old road because they are better ac-
quainted with the track. And yet a rnan of mod-
erate ingenuity, may soon become a skilful engi-

SHEEP.

Causes of the various Farms of the Horn. — Horns
are seldom met with in tho sheep of hot climatco,
occurring more frequently in cold and temperate
regions ; thus following closely the developemciit
of the other coverings, to which they are strictly
analogous. The fleece consists of two portions —
hair and wool, the one predominating more or less
over the other, as the climate may direct. The
form of the horns is always in unison with the char-
acter of the lleeco : thus if the anirnal is covered
with hair, as in the goat, the horns will be straight ;
but if it is clothed with wool, as in the sheep, the
horns will be curved. The same holds good in
other animals. The reason of this appears to lie
in tho tendency which the hair or wool, constitut-
ing the horny fheath, has to model the form of the
supporting bone. The fibre of hair is nearly
straight ; that of wool is, on the other hand, re-
markable for the number of tufted curls, or small
spiral ringlets into which it naturally contracts; so
that a Merino ram, for example, will never be
found with rectilinear horns, nor a true goat with
tivisted ones. The truth of these remarks is borne
out by observations on animals on whose heads
more than two horns are occasionally met with.
Wo always in such instances notice, that the addi-
tional horns are straight, thus indicating the pre-
sence of a considerable quantity of hair among tho
wool. From these considerations, I am led to be-
lieve that the form of the horn, when present, is
an index to every gradation which can possibly
occur between wool and hair. — Btackiock,

228

HEW ENGLAND FARMER

JAN. 10, 1841

For llie N. E. Farmer.

CATS FOR FODDER— POT-VrOKS FOR
LI (JUT SOILS— CI-OVER.

ProviJencr, Jan. 10, IS-i'l.

Alle.n Putnam, Rsq. — Sir — I should be much
gratified if I could learn throii^'li you l.'ie opinion I
of those wild have cx]ierience, as to the compara-
tive value of oat.s cut green for fodder, and good
Enjjlish grass, or clover — each well cured — and
whether it is iuorc profitable to raise oats for fodder j
on light lauds, than to cultivate it with the ditlerent j
grassi!.s. Also if oats are sowed for fodder, what;
ia the best kind, and what the quantity to be sown. |

What is the best variety of potato for light lands ? \
By best variety, I would lake into view the quanti-
ty likely to be produced, and the quality for home
use, or shipment.

How many years should elapse between the
plowing up of a clover .«od and seeding again with
clover? or does it make no difference.'

If you will be kind enough to answer these que-
ries through the Furiner, or by letter, if indeed you
consider them worthy of notice, you »vill greatly
oblige one who has already taxed you in the same
way, and recently been encouraged to do the same
again. Vuurs very respectfully,

\VM. C. CHAPIN.

(JJ~ln reply to Mr Chapin's inquiry as to the
■comparotivc worth of oats cut for fodder, and Eng-
lish hay, we think the common opinion is, that they
are about equal, ton for ton. We should estimate
them alike, excepting in cases where the straw is
very rank and the grain upon it comparatively light.
When ho asks which is the more profitable on light
lands, he goes beyond our ability to give a general
reply ; because our observation teaches that some
lands rather light, bear oats freely compared witli
grass, while on other light lands the crop of either
is generally small. We therefore can only say
that if the e.fcess of an oat crop above that of hay
is more than enongh to pay for the extra expense
of cultivation, (annual plowing and seeding,) the
oat crop is best. But in most soils we should ex-
pect no such result. Ti:e' hay crop, generally, as
often and as constantly as one can get a decent
growth, is the most profitable on the great majority
of farms. No instance has come to our knowledge
in which any other than the coninion oat of Now
England has been sown for fodder — the relative
value of different kinds, as far as we know, has not
been proved — (will Mr C. ascertain by experiment ?)
The proper quantity of the common oat is from 3
to 4 bushels of seed per acre — 3 on lands in good
condition — 4 on the poorer fields. We should not
^encraWi/ recommend the oat crop ps a,- suhslitiUe
for grass, though such substitution rr>.ai/. be a good
course on stmie soils ; whether it wi,ald be so on
the soils around Fruvidencc, thoso who reside
there and can estimate the usual comparative yield
of the two crops, can best judge.

Our correspondent starts a question relative to
potatoes, which we have never seen or heard dis-
cussed at any length Indeed, the general ques-
tion as to trhich among (til lite vnrlrties of potatoes
is litst suited to n particular soil .' is new to us.
But if new, it is well worthy of attention among
farmers. The Chenango has done better with us
upon a very light peaty meadow, than the La Plata
(long red,) or than a round blue potato, or a white
kidney. The Chenango's propensity to push it-
aelf up out the ground, shows its determination to

live where it can breathe freely, and thus asks us, | duly honored" — which 1 did on the '.J.'ith of sal
as plainly as a potato can ask, to plant it in a po- [month ; but the draft was nut " duly honored,")
rous soil where the atmosphere circulates freely, i it came back linpairf, and, after waiting about
'1 his potato yields well, ripens early, and its quali- | weeks for an explanation, which was not
ty is good. In some places this is called Mtrcer. i made, I went to Boston for the piirpo.se of colU
On light soils, that iire subject to drought, either , ing the amount, and waited then- several dnyi
that variety which would in most seasons attain to | enable Mr Bosson to pay il, which he did; and
its growth before the ordinary time of greatest i parted, as / supposed, without a feeling of unkl
dryness arrives — or a variety so late that it shall ] ness on cither .«ide, certainly none on my
have done but little more than send up its vines to ' (though I may have talked plainly to hiin,) notw|
their full height before the early autumn rains fall, j standing his wntit of punctuality — aa well aa
is perhaps to be preferred to such as are neither expense and loss of lime in going to Boston
early nor late. For should drought pinch when the money. I was not a little surprised on li)
the potato is growing, or wishing to grow very | ing over the Yankee Farmer, after my relui
rapidly, and this it does as soon as it gels well un- find such a remark from that source. I cnncluj
der way, then there is ruin to the crop. Hut this ; however, to let it pass for what it was worth,
suggestion may not be worth much until our alma-j siiiniug that a man who would thus use a
nac-niakers become more trustworthy prophets of under his control to gratify private resentmeii
the weather tliat is to come. After using so many consc(|uence of being required to fulfil his a{
words, we may as well own the truth, and say to ment, would not publish a reply from me;
our correspondent, that he has asked a question did not deem it of sufficient importance to troi
that we cannot answcT. If any of our corrcspon- 1 either of the other gentlemen connected with
dents can, to them we cry help — Mp. Has any agricultural press in Boston. Should you, sir, (
one satisfied himself that there is a particular kind sidcr the subject of sufficient importance to
of potato, better suited than any other to a light this slaleinenl an insertion in the Yankee Farii
soil .' I or so to refer to it as to place the article prep

The question relative to clover, w9 will notice by this Company before its readers, who have
at some future time. — Ed. l the paragraph referred to, you will greatly obi

— _ I Your ob't servant.

We copy the following from the " Massachusetts ^' ^' ^"NOI

Plowman," for the purpose of saying that we have

received from Mr Minor .similar statements to the f^™™ '•'* sofe.

subjoined, in regard to the poudrette manufactured —

under his direction, and that wo know of no rea- ' ON FATTENING SWINE.

sons why his statements are not worthy of credit. Siii — In your paper of the J8lh, you have a c^
We should have published them before but for the munication on the cooking of meal for hogs, i
fact that his letter contains a request for informa- Now, sir, I have no doubt that it is the best way

tion which we are not yet able to furnish En. fattening s« ine, both as the most economical an

also the quickest way ; for in the first place, swjii
love the tnste of food thai is boiled or scalde^

N. E. F.
POUDRETTE

EDITORIAL HONOR, &c.
.Vejo York, Dec. 24, 1841.
To the Editor of the Plowman :

Dear Siu — I perceive by a notice in the Van-

much better, if we may judge by the way in »hic
they take hold at their meals, than when thev 'at
the raw article given them, and it follo" -.
matter of course, that they will fatten ()uickc r i:

keo Farmer of the Itith ulL, that you have now the cooking of food renders it more luscious, and
charge of that paper in connection with the Massa- takes a less quantity than when used in a la
chusetts Plowman, and I am pleased to learn the ' state. I have seen some farmers give their lioj ■,
fact, as I am fully satisfied that you will allow me j raw pumpkins, potatoes, and also apples, tin. kin „
to repel an imputation cast upon me in a para- ; to fatten them : the result has been, astir oi ,
graph which appeared, editorially, in the paper of have observed, a great waste of all these .iiiicle ,
18th September last, under the article " Poudrette." I and a very small profit. To be sure, a little nhi!
In reply to that article, I desire to say that the before killing time comes, they have given iliei
" New York Poudrette Company" do not, and have , shelled corn, to finish them off Now I liave c
not, in a single instance, mixed either "ffrnie/ or j doubt if they had cooked two thirds, or mayhap
tfuf/i mud" with the material of which they luanu- j less quantity, they would have realized u luuei
facture poudrette. Such articlo.q only are used as j larger profit, and not heard so much Equaling, fof'l
dislnfcclers and absoi bents— anil no " gravel" or hog is not content with raw apples, potatoes,^
other iHjw/iiWe sub-stances are found in the pou- oven a fine pumpkin thrown over in his muddy i
drette prepared by this Company, except what camel main, without raising sundry screeches of d
from the .link, and are so small that they pass i probation. I once fattened two hogs on cool
through the screen used to separate foreign sub- [ apples, that is to say, they were the chief of
stances. This statement I make to you, sir, with- j living. The process was this: I filled a laifl
out hesitation, and desire that you will give it the i boiler with apples, and then put in water tilli
same publicity through the columns of the Fnrmer, [ cams even on the top. After the apples were suf "
that was given to the paragraph casting the iinpu- j ficienily boiled, I stirred in cob meal till the watei °
tation— and 1 will simply add, that I know of iio was soaked up ; this was fed out to them tlire-
cau.-fe why the late editor should have indulged in i times a day; at first it physiccd them, but in'
such a remark, unless it arose out of a business , short time, with the aid of alillle salt, it d:.i icn
transaction between us, a short time previous to ' well. My apples were generally the I'cfufu itJu
that date, in which he requested mo to send him j barrelling fruit, and of course worth but lilllc. I
"sixty barrels of poudrette immediately on receipt 1 kept them on this food from the middle of Septein-
of hlH letter, (dated August 18, J84I,) and draw for ! her till about the twentyfifth of December, wber.
the amount at /Ar« days sight— the draft will be t we slaughtered them. They appeared all this tilK

t3

.XX.NU. -40.

AND II 0 R T I C; U L T V il A L REGISTER

229

and fatleii woll; and all tlioiiglit who anw

■r llioy wore butchered, llinl they would

ur liundrcd pouiidti, and i lliouj;ht itio

lit whoii tlioy wore wci);hud in Uusloii,

cy were soldi thoy did not como to qiiilv

uidrod pounds. Tha pork wti suit nml

lid did not weis>h like corn-fed purk ; but

I' '~t L>r making; il nni.i sii.all, coinparod to tliat

lorn-led pork. Now I use but low apples, and

le in (he early purl of the lull, boiled up with

Uur..H and pumpkins; about the (irat of October

ed tliom on boiled potatoc:] with Indian iiiPnl

cd III, Dutlicitnt to make n thick mush : nud in

iroinbcr they have meal scalded, till the Intlor

ot' the month, or llio timt of December, when

f are slaughtered. I have found thiis, as I think,

best ond must economical way of fnllcnins my

s. taking cnre tliat thoy always have a good bed

Iry litter, for this is better for them than muddy

ku to lie upon. I had two hoifs slaughtered

Jie ;'Olh of last inontli, which weighed, when

sscd, eiirht hundred and tliirtynine pounds, and

cli were fattened as I have slated above. I

8 two of the JIackay breed, fattening in the

0 way, tluit are a year old in February, and

ch I suppose will wci;rh three hundred at Oic

lent time. I have used wheat shorts, for hogs,

did nol find them to answer. An intelligent

enliglitrned farmer of this town, told mo that

once made use of rye meal fur his hoga with

<d success : this was when the price of rye was

h below that of corn: and now, sir, if you

ik these remarks are worthy of notice, you may

them a corner in your good farmer's paper.

Yours, with respect, L. (J.

ftston, Dec, 1841.

3ur Weston correspondent is a prncticnl farmc-,

we are pleased that he defends the good old

lice iif letting hogs have a variety of good

igs. If some of these are cheap, so much the

ter : and in regard to cooking (ood for swine,

crience seems fully to prove the advantages of

If it suits the stomach better, it must prove

e nutritive than raw food. Pork raised and

ened wholly on grain, seldom commands price

ugh to repay the cost, and the refuse of the

ry is well adapted to promote the growth of

',a; but other cheap materials may often be used

dvantagr, and by boiling, they may be rendered

re palatable. — Ed. Plowmnn.

U'lIAl-K.Oi:. SOAP— KILLS CATTLK LICK.

.\t this season of the year, many cattlo begin to

\ Miiirer from lousinoa*. Destroy these peals at onc>',
or your •iniinaU, besides being excerdiiigly uiuom-
fortable during the remninder of the winter, will,

I ill Iho spriuif, bo in poor condition. Tobocco
wiishcs, unguinliim, oil, and various other nrticli'S,
hnvo been much used for this piirpuau ; and not

I without good effects. But a more cloanly and Iras
olTcnsive appliration is desirable, if siirhanonc can
bo found, that will nnswcr the purpose. A good
friend of ours, worthy of full confidence, says that
strong suds of the wlmlo-oil sonp, do lliis work ef-
fectually, lie has been using this application, and

I his neighbors, like sinsiblo men, are copying his
oxampio ; and on the day following the washing of
a lousy calf, they tind lice — nbsfnt. We presuiiio
tlial neither this nor any other safe application will
kill the nils — and that it will in many coses be nc-
I'ossary to repeat tin.' washings. This soap can bo
obtained at various places in the city, at about 5 or
G conts per lb. Messrs. Brcck iSi Co. havp it in
kegs of about 20 Ibe. each, al$l per keg. — Ko. N.

IE. P.

POT LIQUOR FOR SWINE.

Have farmers ever conjectured that the water in
which they boil their salt beef, pork, cabbage, itc.
injures the opprtiie of hogs ? We have been re-
queited to make this inquiry by a swine feeder,
who was asked a few months ago by a wumrni, (and
women gcnernHy have good reasons for their hints.)
whether he gnvc his pot liquor to the hog-- He
said, yea. But thinking that the question .night
mean something, he set himself to notice the effect,
and is now satisfied that alter he regales himself
upon "boiled pol," and gives the hogs the broth,
that their appetite is injured for two or three days.
Is this a common effect? Fanners, let us hear
from you. If your brains are not up to the work,
use your wives' brain-i, and put your own fingers to
tlie pen, as one good fellow has recently done by
way of "help" to ns aud example to you. The
wife's opinion is the best in this case, for the hoga
j always thrive best where the women tako care of
them.

Quere. If the fact above stated be a common
one, is il owing to the meal, or to the pu(alots that
are boiled with the meat ? — Eu. N. E. F.

Advantages of Law A young man who studied

in Conoucticut, become acquainted with the
owing facts, which are certainly very remarka-
though n'<t so singular. A farmer cut down a
e which stood eo near the boundary line of his
m, that it was doubtful whether it belonged to
or his neighbor. That neighbor claimed the
e, and prosecuted the man who cut it for dnina-
The cose was continued from court to court
ne was wasted, temper soured, and friendship
but the case was gained by the prosecutor,
e last my friend know of the transaction, the
>n who "got the case" came to the lawyer's of-
e to execute a deed of his whole farm, which he
d been obliged to sell to pay cost ! Then, house-
a and homeless, he could thrust his hai.J into
I empty pocket, and triumphantly exclaim, "I v'e
at him '." — SiUcted.

Ice on door steps may be eaaily removed by
rowing aalt upon it.

A NEW STEAM BOILER.
Our attention has been called to an apparatus
for steaming, which from the representations made
to us in regard thereto, from a gentleman of the
highest respectability, who has erected one on his
farm, as also fioni the statements mailc by super-
intendents of several of our public institutions,
we have reason to believe will prove a desideratum,
long desired by the agricullural community, for the
feeding of stock, &c. We copy the foDowin;.'- de-
scription of the apparatus from the " Clipp«r," of
this city, which will shew the nature of its con-
struction.— Bait, farmer.

Messrs. Editors — By iho kind permission of the
very polite Warden of your Penitentiary, (whose
gentlemanly bearing and friendly attention to
strangers deserve high commendation,) we wore
pprmitled to see ono of the most uaefn), and, as
we think, among the most remarkable improve-
ments of the present day. Wo mean the steam
boiler there used for culinary purposes, and lately

put up. By thfl iiso of this curious and |irnclic«l
I invention, five Urge InnkH filled with «iit.-r nro
kept nt the boiling point with a small boiler, not
nioro than 20 inches in diameter, and not 2 foet
long. The conKtruction il simple. The boiler it-
self is divided into coinpnrlmeiits, alternately of
flame and water, so that a ihin Htrat<iin of wator is
acted upon at one time by a fhcol of flame, and
I immediately cnnverted into steam at .'.\U°, which
escapes into the middle tank colhd tlio generator,
by means of a cimnecting tube placed at Iho tup
and back part ol the boiler, and the place of tbo
expanded water or Htcaiii is supplied from the aame
lank by a tube situated still lower— so \lint a con-
tinned current of steam rushing into the generolor,
and of cold water returning to the boiler lo supply
the vacuum, is kept up, antil the whole of iho water
is raised to the br>iling point.

We were informed by Mr Iloulton that with it,
at least five sixths of the fuel is saved, and the
amount of labor formerly required, greatly dimin-
ished, and that the expense saved to the initilution
had long siiico repaid the original outlay. Wo
must confess that we were somewhat astonished to
sec about two or three hundred gallons of water
kept rapidly boiling with two or three small sticks
of wood, at some distance from the tanks. Our
surprise was increased when wo were told, that
left in that condition, and without adding wood,
the coffee which wns then in a cour.<c of prepara-
tion, would be quite hot enough for use in the morn-
ing. ■ The Alms House, wo understand, lias^ sup-
plied itself nilli a similar apparatus ; and we really
think that this labor and fuel-saving machine
should be put up in every public instiiution, re-
quiring much hot water for culinary or other pur-
poses. To producers, for steaming and theroby
swelling produce for cattle, it cannot but be inval-
uable, and must shortly find a place iipou every
farm, as a profitable and time-saving instrument.

We have been informed that the patentee of
this very curious and economical improvement in
the arts resides amongst us. He certainly de-
serves encouragrment. His invention, from its
own utility, must find ample patronage. — Baltimore
Clipper.

.Nectssili/ of .'lltenlion In farming, as in every

other business, attention and strict superintendance
by the principal, are essential to success. No
matter how good the manager may be, it is abso-
lutely necessary that his employer should look
close to his own interest, and see that the labor on
the farm is conducted with fidelity and care, for
there is no truth more incontrovertible, than that
neglect on his part, from its contagious nature,
will beget indifference on the part of those under
him. It is not alone necessary that he should be
able, and may give, proper directions: it is equally
important that he sol- they are faiihfiillv executed.
— .Imer. Far.

Vour hens would thank you for a tcgiilir supply
of corn ; for some pounded oyster sh'.'IU, burnt and
pounded bone, old mortar, old plastering, or some-
thing of the kind. The hay seed on Ihc barn floor
and their pickings from the manure heap, do nol
supply all their wants.

Give the pigs a dry and warm neat. Comforta-
ble lodging is cheap /ao(/ for your animals, and
they have a right to lU

230

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JAIf. 19, ts*

A.M> IIOnTICUt.TURAL RKOISTER.

DosToii, Wednesday, Jakuart 19, 1842.

SECOND AGRICULTURAL MEETING— JAN 14

The commidpe oppciinted to nominnio officer" for tli<
season, reported

For Preiidtnt — Hon. Josiah Q.oiKcy, Presidi-rit of
the Sennle.

Vice Presidents — I'noli Lnthrop, Esq., of S. Haelley,
ofthe Hoiiso ; Hon. iMrPlunket, of the Scnnlc ; Hon.
Mr Hastings, of \\w Council.

And the four Editors of agricultural papers in the
city, for roporii rs, ond also for a busines.i commitiee, to
announce subjectB for discussion, and obtnin gentle-inen
to commence the discussion.

The Pri'sidcnt, upon Inking the chair, stated that he
oved his election to his olTico in the legislature, and not
tn his ngrictiltural acquirements. But his interest in n^*
riculturisls and their pursuit was f;real, and he was hap-
'py to a'-sist them as far ms was in his power.

The subject that had been adopted at the previous
meeting was then taken up, viz : — " What ought to be
done by the Legislature and Congress to give un equal
impulse ;o agriculture with the sister arts?"

Mr IJuckminsier, editor of ihe Massachusetts I'low-
man, remarked that in ihe opinion of some, Congress
and the Legislature may do much to benefit agriculiuro.
Bui he doubted whether legislation can do much more
ihon it already accomplishes. The State grants to each
of several county societies, $600 annually, to be brstow-
«d in premiums: this ie well. But he thought liitle
good comes from LouHties. Ho feared that if wo try to
do much more than is now done by legislation, we may
do more harm than good.

Mr Merriam, editor of tho Boston Cultivator, then
coiumenct'd h\H speech. He maintained tliat much can
be done and ought to be dona by gnvernrasnt for the
benefit of agriculture. This pursuit has been hardly
used. Tho agricultural pre.is has done it harm. Judge

for I ducaljun will lake the first rank. Farmers, not liav. operation this is not an oppressive burthen upon the

ing these udvaiiiages, are not resj>ei:ted as much as oih- farmer.

ers. The leginlature might make grants In each of the ^ Farmers, too, can get money at the banks upon rual

colleges for purchueing a farm ; and agricultural protes- eatsto security — he knows Ihey can.

surshijis should be cslublished. ! Mr Buckminsler doubted the propriety of trying to

[The above contains the heads, as far as we recollect compel tlm banks to loan money upon real estaie seou-
them, of Mr Merrism's speech ] ."ty-- The banks Jiiusi redeem their bills in money, n<;t

Mr Dodge, of Hamilton, remarked that Mr M. had in farms,
traversed a w ide field— and that if we aitempted to fol- 1 Mr Quincy pleasanlly said, that inveterate talkero .ire
low him there was dangir of our heipg distracted. It sometimes put in the chair to keep them silent — bui ,\t
bad not been (uslomary in former years at these meet-, this was bin lirst appearance there, he need not presume

mgi

to be BO discursive. Tho aim had been to present , that that trick had been played upon him.

some single point in practical agriculture, and to adhere 1 He uskcd whether any thing can be done to make
toil. Having such a point and adhering toil, we get men ef education engage in farming? It raoy bo ditfi-
valuablii instruction, which we can carry nway with us. cull here — lor iho Yankee wrints to make m(mey. Agri-
He was unable to ogreo with the previous speaker in ' culture does not open a field for making a fortune nip-

very many of his views. The idea that farmers were
not held in proper respect, he thou>,ht was incorrect.
He denied ihat farmers are not intelligent and shrewd,
and that they are not respectable and respected. The
education whir h they tan, orid which many of them do
get, fits thum well for their calling Agricultural
schools where attejnpted have, in this country, failed.
They are not strongly called for. You may have an
agricultural professor who may teach college boys the
poetry of agriculture, and draw their attention to it ; but
when they come to the practice — when they hove to
" hoe their row," they will find that farming "uintwhat
it 's cracked up to be." Such professorships may do in
Europe ; but here, it is on a good farm that the boy can
get his best education ns a farmer.

He differed from tho gentleman (Mr Merriam,) in a
wish for bounties on silk, beet sugar, &c. The wheat
bnunty was not wise, and probably will not be renewed.

Protection of fiirtners by duty upon hides, may injure
the shoe inokers, (many of whom are farmers,) and tho
good done to agriculture may be harm to mechanics.

The fact, supposing it to be a fact, that farmers cannot
get accommodation at banks, is not a very lamentable
one. For farmers do not wish to got money there if
they can possibly avoid il. Their business, if properly
managed, does not often moke it necessary. Were it
Buol was the only editor who has taken correct vihtvsof . utiierwiac, no legislation can be of eervico, for we cannot

the subject. «•

Why are enterprise and cnpiinl thrown out oC agricul-
ture ? Why do tho young leave it ? Not from aver-
sion to labor ; but heeaui-e they seo government con-
stantly furnishing mercantile facilities and helping mer-
chants to the means of borrowing money, while the far-
mer cannot raise funds. Concentration of capital in
hanks, tends to cut off tho farmer's facilities for borrow-
ing.

CftngresB can do sornclhing. It can lay a duty upon
hides, and thus help the farmer. He had v/atched Con-
gress with an evil eye, to Koe if thny would do any such
thing, hut they have not. Th« silk nnd sugar bent busi-
ness mny be encouraged by proper duties on the foreign
articles. Potatoes from the Provinces may he kept
from our market.

Government makes no provision for agricultural edu-
cation. No class of citizens can flourish and take high
rank, unless there are many highly educated men among
them.

The Stale may aid agriculture by oltering the laws in
regard to laxotion. Farmers poy more tax by one third,
than they ought to. Tho legislature mivht by law re-
quire corporations to send to assessors iho names of
stockholders. The farmer is taxeil not only for what he
is worth, but for oil his real esiato, even though it bo
under heavy moilgoge.
Our whole system of education is adverse to agricul

compel tho banks to loan to one whoso credit is not
good. The subject wiis not, in his view, a proper one.

Mr Merriam then romsrked : — There arc some poli-
ticians who wish to keep the farmers blind. But it was
not so with Judge Buel. — The subject not a proper one !
These groat questions not proper! But we must come
here to talk about trifles, such as muck, and not about
laiBS .'

Ml Stone, of Devcrly, stnled that he had at the former
meeting suggosted the subject of rnuc/^, and that the con-
versation upon it had been instructive to him. He hop-
ed that practical farmers present would tell the meeting
whether any tiling could ha done for them by legisla-
tion, and if any thing, what.

idly. Our people, bent upon money gelling, lo
trade, where great risks are run, and where money mny
be made, and where, too, all may be lost. Tho farnu r s
life is quirt — his gains arc small — I. is risks small. What
needs to bo done then .' We need to leach men ihai
money-making is not the groat end of life. Teach ihcm
this, snd yuu may niako them forego the hazards, anxi-
eties ond temptations of mercantile life, and seek for
better thingt — for honesty, integrity, independuiice.
honor and virtue, where they can be more certainly
gained — oti the farm. That whicti seems to bo wanting,
is to teach the young what are the just aims and ends of
life ; for then they will turn to farming as the pursuit
in which those high aims can be most safely and surety
reached. Take just views of the true objects of lilt —
just views of man's duties and destiny, and then calcu-
lating and balancing the advantages and disadvantages
of the various pursuits, agriculture will stand well.

[Subject for consideration at the next meeting — Cul-
ture of the Potato.]

BOSTON ALMANAC.
Considerate. — Mr Dickinson, hoof the Boston Alma-,
nac, sent us a copy of bis book, (and his book is (As icMt
of almanacs) — which we duly noticed; and though we
praised, we did not flatter. Now there has come anoth-
er copy — (ono for our ojjiee and tho other for the farm,
as we take it.) Thank you, Mr D. fur remembering
that wc live at two places. And wo advise every body
around the city that wants fi good almanac, to buy yi^u/t.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

EXHIBITION or FR0IT8.

Saturday, Jan. I, 1843.

Fine specimens of the Beurre d' Aremberg and Co-
lumbian Pears, from the President, M. I'. Wilder

A seedling Swoot Apple, from Jacob W. Watson, of
Princeton.

From L. P. Grosvenor — fine specimens of Apples:
Peck's Pleasant, Pearmain, Chandler, Russet, Baldwins,

For tbe (Joramitlei!,

B. V. FRENCH.

Pound Royal, Spilzenberg, tiucenin. Greening, Pipped,
Col. Newell, of West Newbury, thought the educa- Company, and two kinds unknown,
lion of fanners pretty good. Thought, .ilso, that the — -

great political questions involved in tbe subject ond re-
marks upon it, worthy of consideration and debate.
And perhaps it might be well to waive the considera-
tion till some futiiro time, when gentlemen might be
lietter prepared for debate.

lie then asserted that Mr Merriain's position in regard
lo laxniion, is false in theory ond in proctice. It is true
that the farmer does pay tax upon tho whole worth of
his farm, oven though it bo under mortgage
also true that Ihe merchant is taxed fur his stock in
trade, although he owes for n great part of il. The visi-

Saturday, Jan. 15, 184?.
Samuel Mann, of Dedham, exhibited very fine Celery«
For the Committee,

A. D. WILLIAMS.

(live your collie but little iiay at a time, and lei tbA
But it is little be well shaken up.

Again wo say, boys, doo't forget lo card the cows
re. Tho class which enjoys tho grsotest advalitages I '•'* P'T^'^'y '' 's»ed and must be, and in the general let this invariably be attended to before breakfast.

vol.. \X, X(l.

A N D JI 0 ii T I C U L T U R A L R K (i I S T K R .

2.^1

MASxSACHUSKTTS IIORTICl'LTUK.M.
SOCIKTV.
The h'riiii Commiltrr (n^ hcr«l>y imtilicd ihnl Ihrra will l>c
n mcciiiig al lilt' lluriicul.uial Ruomi on Salurdiy S.'il nut.
•( linll rail 10 ii'clock A M.

U. V. KUKNCH. Chiiiriii.1,1

THKU>U)MKrilUAI..

Kopnnrilliii lUr Nrw Kliclnnd KsNiiri.

ttn i>;eo( llm riicrititinielcr iil llin (larilcHof ill* iirHprictniD

<l lilt- \c<v Encl^iiKl l'*rniar, Urighmn, M:i<>. in n •h»cl<<l

illio>-ty oupotiiro, rorth« utt-k ending Jiin. 16.

y.m. 1842.

1 6.\.M.

1 la. M

1 M'.M.

1 Wind.

Hiindiv,

10

1 39

33

32

N. E.

°iiriid.iT,

M

88

36

30

E.

Vfdiu-bdny,

13

26

36

31

N. W.

rinir-ilay,

13

6

6

1 7

N. W.

•"riduv,

14

lU

3S

1 41)

S.

hiur.lav,

li

23

33

I 3^

N. W.

Mjn.l n , _

16

12

■ii

1 22

N.

Si>lr» if ill di'tcripliuni will nol f.ill inuili sliorl of lOO.ono
|Miiinitft.

I'miif iir Saxony Klcrccn, wathnl, lit, 47 ■ 6U «.--Amrr
liail full l.lo.Hl.do 13 II 4R-Pn 3 4 ilo 4(1 II 41 — Do. i-2dn
.10 u 37 — 14 and rommnii do nn n 32 -Siiivrna Sln-i'|i,
washvil, 20 n 86— Dn. unwoahrd. lu n 14— ■Bcntpini do
S n IO--Saxaiiy, clcnn, — UiirnnH A)ri'» iiupicki-d, 7 a 10—
do. do iiicknl, 12 a I A-Sn|i<-rfiiic Norilu-rn pnllcd Imnh 37
a 42— No. 1 do. do. do. 86 11 3r— No. 2 do do do 26 • 30-
No. 3 da do du 16 n 211.

HAV, prt Ion. 620 lo 25-En.^u•rn Sifcwcd 817 lo l».

CIIEKSE -J^hiiipiiig nnd 4 meal, 4 10 6c — Nt-w 6 I08.

EGGS. 16 a 25.

l.'KTAKd I.I. II K

I'BrniiTu in iviini of Limr for Aijrii-ullB
(iiiil it Krii'U I" llo-ir adiranlagi^ In iry itii

l.'RinnK I.I , said 10 I* tujiriiur lor ili

olliir cvc r yi'l inlrcxiiicni. For ulp liy
over ihe llopi' lnauroiice Ofllcc, Slate St.,

Sein. «. am

nl |inr|>

DAVID
lloalon.

u.... «lll
rgr Co'a.
»•' lo any
UAVia,

imiiilirO.V .MARKDT.— MosiiAi, Jan. 17, I ^Id.
Ilrl'arlrii r.uMir Natv .Knclinil Koruiar.

Al .Marki'i 300 llocf Cattle, 13123 Slie«p ami -.im
wine.

Vt.U't.a~ Reef Cattle A few yoke of choFce ralilc
Id un iJie hoo&i at n trifle more than our higlie!>t que
ijoiis. Wo quote first qualilv, $5 iiO a 5 75. Sit-

nd (|u.iliiv, $4 T.'i n 5 25. Tl.iid qu.ilitv Si3 50 a 4 &0.
SVf/..— Store 8lieei> from $1 10, 10 $1 50. Stall led
cm $1 7.'» to ;J3 00, and a lew very fine at a higher

ripe-
Sicinf. —No lots sold to peddle. .41 retail, from 4 10
1-2

WHOLESALE PRICES CL'RRENT.

Corrected uiih great care, ucekly
SEEDS Herds Grass, $3 00 lo 3 25 per bushel. Red Ton,
tocj cents. Clover — Northern, Lie. — Southern, I2lo 13 c.
ajc Seed, 31 80 lo I 85 liu. Lucerne, 25 c. per lb. Ga-
ry S<."ed. 85 |>or l.ushel.
GK.ilN. There was a slight improvement at the close

prime qualities of mealing Corn ; one or two cargoes of j
How Ual sold at 6'ic. and for some other parcels, including I
argo 10 arrive, ihe same price was reahzcd. Suulho.-n j
«nd \eIlow, old and nciv mixed, O^cj Northern da. old, !
c. per liushel ; white C-7 a 37 1-2 : and a cargo do. part old, |
c jier liusliel. 2000 hushels Delaware Oats. 4jc per bush- I
Sua bags Ne.v Orleans while corn sold by auction, S7 a j
1-2 c. per biisb. of .t3 lbs cash I

Corn — Morlliern, bushel 6S 10 70— do. Round Yellow OS
C7— do. Southern Flat Yellow 61 a 63— While do. 56 a
—.Barley 66 a 6b— Oals — Southern 47 a 4S— Northern do.
to£0-;-Beans, per bushel 75 a I 50.

PLOCK. The market for the most part of the week has
ihihiled ihe same dullness as before reported, and some
4es hate been made at a slight reduction. The .-.ales of
week consist of eoo a looubbls Genesee at $6 12 12,
d small parrels tC 13 a 6 25 ; fancy i6 31 a 6 37j 1600
Is Ohio, via New Orleans, at 95 87, on lime, wiih in-
est; It'iQ do. do. 83 94, 30 days : 300 do. do. not in good
ler. 85 50 cash ; 6U0 do Eiedciickshurg at 86 12, 4 mos.
export^ SoO do. do. Bellemont brand, extra quality for
ters, 66 75 cash : 300 do Ciiy Baltimore City Alills, 86 26;
los. for export 1 too do Howard st, S6 15 per bid. cash.
Baltimore Howard Slrecl, 4 mos. cr. »6 26 a 6 37 — do.
aif, i6 12 a 6 18— da free of garlic, S6 25- Philadelphia
4 mos. S6 12 a 0 IS — Ertdcricksbiirg, lowlM 4 mos. tG
a 6 18— Alexandria, wharf mountain, 86 12 a 6 18 —
firgetown, 86 25 a C sr^Richmond Canal, 86 25— do.
ly, 87 00 a 7 23 — Genesee, common, cash, 86 12 a 6 25 —
lancy brands 86 31 a 6 37— Ohio via Canal 85,87— Indian
al IK bbU., 83 00 a 3 23.

'ROVISIONS. The market, during the past w.-ek, has
n cxlreiucly dull, and prices are sustained only for small
ceU 10 supply immediate wants of ihe trade, and for
,seU' use. Sales of Lard, public and privale, comprise
>ul .^300 kegs, various qualities, and pari for shipping,
-4 ;i 0 I 4. per 111.

jeel— Mess, 4 mo new bbl. 810 00 — Navy— 83 50 a 0 00
So. 1 8? 00— do Prime 85 OU 8 5 50- Pork— Extra clear,
10. bbl. 813— do Clear 81 1 a 12— do Mess 83 50 a 9 60
0 Prime 87 00 a 7 5'>— do Mess from other Stales 85 25
60— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50.

JVOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex.
tation shall not exceed 8 els. per pound, free. All where-
ihc value exceeds 8 els. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
U per pound.

rbe sales of fleece and palled have been during the past
ek to a fair exient, at from 33 a 47c per lb. Tor fleece;
-No. I pulled has been sold al 35c ; superior 38 a 4oc.

FARMS R.'RBAKK.

To le sold, a Farm containing iibout ninety acres of Land,
heaulifully sitnaletl. one mile nnd a quarter from ihc cemro
of Uillerica, on the mnin rond leiiiliiig from Lowell to Hos-
ton; 7 miles from Ihe lormer, mid 17 miles from ihc latter
place. TlnTo is a lur^e Dw lling Howe ihcrenn, suitable
for two faniilii'»; also a hirge. Hani. AImi, nn establish,
men! built two years since for keening swine, with nn appar-
atus for boiling with steam, and liaving every other conve.
iiienec for the business. Also a Wood Shed, Cbnife House,
Grnn.iry, and Ciib-r Mill House, with n C.raler Mill.

Also, another Farm iiiljo'ning the above, rontainiii!; al out
lliirty live acres of Land, having a Dwollin? House and large
Simp built two yours ago. for a shoe esinblishment. Then
hove named Innda arc of an excellent quality of evi'ry vnnelv
of soil, well Ciilculnlerl for profitable farminv, and especially
adapted lo Krnit, Hay nnd Vegctaldcs fur market, and con-
taining more than SOO Fruil Trees —Paid estale can lie coii-
venieinly divided so as to make ihree good farms, or the
shop with five or six acres of land can be sold separately lo
suit purchasers.

The above |irrpcrly if not prcvifiusly isold at privale sale,
wilt he sold al Public Auction on Thursday the r7lh of March
ncxi at 10 o'clock A. .M. on llie premises.

Any gentleiiuin fium tlie city, wishing a handsome situa-
tion lor a cniintry residence, or any farmer 01 mechanic wish-
ing to purchase, may do well lo call end view the premise,<r.
Inquire of ihc subscriber, living near the same.

SERENO FISK.
Billerica, Jan. 19, 1812. ist t7M.

PAR.IIBR -WANTED.

The advertiser is in want of a man, wiih or without a
family, to take the general charge of a small farm. One
that can bring testimonials of unqin'Stionably good moral
character, and industrious bMjils, uno ol good acquaiutaiice
wiih Ihe principle-; of improved husbaudrj. will fearu of a
desirable situation by addYessilig immcrtiatclj-'post paid,iiox
.\o. 37 Providence R. 1. " 3p Jan-, 19

P0(:DRETTK.

300 Barrels Poudrelle mav be had on application to the
suhscril)er, at 82 per barrel of fmir bashels each— delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders by .mail, enclosing
Ihe money wiil be promptly alien. leil 10, if received soon by
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Kas-au st , New York.

Jan, 5, 1642.

-WIL-LIS'S LATEST lUPROXEID ' VBUETABLIS
CCTTER.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

Great iinprnvemniis have |.e.n made the i.n.t vear in tk«
form and workmanship of these Plough.; ihe mould bi ard
has been v„ f„rmed ns to lax, t'le fvrrnw rompletely opcr
lummfc in crcnj parHcle of grass or piul-blr, anil tearing the
frrouml in llir hrsl possible vwnncr. The lenctli of III*
mould Imard has bi n very much incrensri, so that the
Ploiigh works with the greatest ease, both with respect le
the holding and the team. The Commiliic al the late tiiol
of Ploughs al Worcester, say,

" Should oirr opinion be asked as lo which of the Ploughs
we should prefer bir use on a farm, we might perhaps say 10
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light nn.l easv lo woik,
try Proniy & Mcnrs. Iiul if your laud U licarij, h ird orroel.y,
CKOis WITH :\ln. Hr.wAnii'a.'

Al the above mer.t;oned trial the Howard Plough did
morcicork.uilh llic same pnrcr of team, than any olhar
plough exhibilvd. No oiher turned more than Iwenlyse.ea
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. dtaughl, while the
Hmcard Plough turnid titcnlmine and our half inchct. lo
the eume power of learn ! AM acknowledge that llowanl'a
Ploughs are much the strongest nnd most subslanlially
made.

There has been qiiiie an iiiiprovemnil made on the shi-e,
or land side ol ibis Plough, -whieli can he renewed withoul
having lo furnish a new landsida: this shoe likewi>e seeiiies
the mould board and landside logethcr, and strengthens tlio
PInogh very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from SC lo8t5. A Plonph,
snfficieni for breaking up wiih four cattle, will cost about
8;o 50, and with culler 81, vriih wheel and cutler, 82 60
exira.

The a.'iove Ploughs- are for sale, wholesale and retail, al
ilie New England Agriculluial Warehouse and Seeil Sl.no,
Nos. 61 & 52 ^■b^•1^Marl;el Street. I^v

JOSEPH URBCK & CO.

F.n.w

liiiM

H.^.STINGS A. CO.
rnre ^penu oil.

No. 101 Stale Si, keep constantly for sale, Winter, .Spriiv
and Fall Sperm <Jil, bleached and 'unbleached ; which Ihcj
warrant to be of^ the tiesl quality and to buru witboM
crustieg.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.

Boston, Jan. 1,1841. isly

This machine surpassas all others for the purpose of cul
ting Rata Baga, Mangel Wnrtzel, and other roots The
great objeclioii to other nuchines, is their culling the roots
into slices, which makas it almost impossible lor the cattle
to gel h^ld of them; Ihis machine with u lillle alleralion,
cuts them into Ijrge or small pieces, of such shape as is niosi
eonYenieiitlorlheinlllctoeat. It will cat with ease from
one lo Iwo bushel, of roois jier minute.

Fc.rsal. bvJO.SEI'H HRECK «i CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

Sl'N DIAI-S.

Just received a f;w of Sheldon & Mo 're's, Sun Dials, a
very neat nnd useful article for the purpose of giving the time
of day in the garden or field. Price 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 61 and 52 North Market Si.

Sepl I.

GRINDSTONKS.

.An extensive assorlnient of Water nnd Hand Grindsloi rs
constantly on hand and for sale by AM.MI C. LOMBAIJI
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. ' i.-lv. Nov. 17.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or othur purposes. For sale by J. BRECK &
CO., No. b2 North Market st. April 21

TY;-'. I'P CHAINS.

Jusl received by 500 Chains for lyeing up Callle.

These chains, intrnilueed by E. H. Uebdv, Esq. ol Salem,
and Col jAcacKS, for the purpose of securing cullle to tbt
stall, are round Ir be the safesl and most convriiienl inoda
of fasleiiiiig cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market •(.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAIITB.;

Jusl received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
2nn " Truck nnd lea. ling Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For Kale by J. BRECK & OO.,
No. 52 North Market St. April ||

232

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MISCELLANEOUS.
DISIRKSS IN ENGLAND.

I no weekly earnings, no parish relief. {Hear, hear.) !
Tliat was one instance.' We fear Leeds mayl
stand for a sample of nearly every town in the
manufucturing districts. Winter is rapidly ad-
Our readers liurdly need to be reminded thnt the vancinj on a population without cinploytiient aud
papers have lately quoted repeatedly from the Eng- without property, "hat they had having been parl-
liah papers in relation to the distress said to pre- Ld wii|, i,i order to supply their most pressing
vail in England. Wp cannot refrain from present- wants. It was stated too by Dr. Siniles, that ' the
ing a few of the paragraphs to awake commisera- small groeerii were failing and becoming bank-
tion ami>ng ourselves and to reveal, at least, by rupts in largo numbers. Many were nr-t able to

contrast the privileges and advantages of the la
boring classes in our own country : —

" A public meeting of the inhabitants of Leeds,
was held a few weeks since, to investigate the con-
dition of the unemployed poor — and a report care-
fijily drawn up from detailed accounts, was read to
the meeting. The extent of destitution as repre-
sented in this report, is indeed frightful. It ap-
pears that there arc Itcenti/ tliousand individuals in
Leeds who are living on II 1-2 pence a week each
— about Iwnily cents ! The report said :

" Were the committee desirous of producing
sensation alone, they might possibly recite numer-
ous cases of soul-harrowing privation communi-
cated by the enumerators. They will only state
generally, that in scores of instances, the f luimer-
ators were obliged to write with the books placed
on their knees, in consequence of the absence of
every artii.'lc of furniture that might be made avail-
able for resting the book upon ; and in many, very
many instances, such was the manifest destitution,
that little else than the damp walls whicli inclose
thorn, constitute the only title to ' home' which the
miserable inmates could claim. In conclusion,
your committee beg leave to state that they have
not caused the purlieus of the town to be explored
for the purpose of swelling the amount of destitu-
tion in the report, as several confined places, noto-
rious for their permanent misery, are not included
in the enumeration." The rending of the report
caused a deep sensation in the meeting.

The most harrowing descriptions were given by
some of the visitors, of the scenes they hod wit-
nessed. 'The cases of distress,' said Dr. Sniiles
(editor of the Leeds Times,) ' of extreme distress,
that had come under his notice (hat morning, had
harrowed up his very soul. (Hear, hear
was one case which he would particularly uion-
tion. He had noted down the name, and he. v.as
sure, if any doubts existed, individuals might sat-
isfy themselves ns to the correctness of the state-
ments. At the end of Brooke street there^was a
small cellar dwelling, nine feet by twelve, into
which they were introduced by the enumerator.
The dwelling was so considerably beneath the
street, that only half of the window was above it.
It was a damp, disagreeable, ill-lighted, ill-aired
den. {Hear, hear.) In that apartment they found
three families, con.«isling of sixteen individuals,
nine who slept in it every night. (Sensation.)
There were four adults, and twelve children. Six
individuals constituting one family, slept upon a
litter of straw, huddled together not like human
beings, not even like animals, fur their situation
was nothing to be compared willi the comfort of
our dogs and horses in our stables. (Hear, hear.)
Other four or five slept on a bed of shavings, and
the remaining live slept on another miserable bed
in the apartment. When they entered, the poor
mother was weeping, her infant was on her knee
in the last stage of a fatnl disease, dying without
any medical assistancs. (Sensation.) 'J'he family
were entirely destitute, no means of subsistence,

pay lli<;ir debts. This again acted on middle class
men in a higher condition of life ; and he could
state, what most of them perhaps knew, that a
large number of the first class tradesmen had re- j
cently become bankrupts.' "

Another paper, the Liverpool Mercury of the
30th ult., says :

" The winter is not yet commenced, yet the gen-
eral distress throughout the country has arrived at
such a point, that nothing but a wholesale famine
can carry it further. From Paisley the accounts
are frightful, — so frightful that even Sir Robert
Peel, although he still adheres to his non-interven-
tion aa a Minister, declares his readiness to for-
ward a private subscription for its amelioration as
an individual. In the Potteries, famine stalks
abroad ; thousands are starving ; and those who
would cruelly attempt to delude the sufferers into
the belief that machinery is the cause of their dis-
tress, may read in the general destitution there,
the refutation of their foolish falsehood. In the
Potteries there is no other machine worked but the
potter's wheel mentioned in Scripture. In the me-
tropolis we have a specimen of the general desti-
tution in the fact that even printer-s, usually the
most prosperous of the classes who live by labor,
are appealing to private benevolence, with the ap-
paling fact lliat twelve hundred compositors and
pressmen in London are unemployed, and many of
them, with large families, are actually in a star-
ving state."

The following is nn extract from a letter giving
an account of the distress among the working
classes, prevailing at Stockport :

" All the other trades are equally suffering.
.'.,.""" 'Such is the extreme starvation point to which they
am reduced, that their wives are to be seen beg-
ging from door to door, or gathering the disgusting
offiils tliat are to be met with in the streets. Meat
and water are a luxury which few can boast of,
and as for fire, whole houses are without a spark.
Last week upwards of two hundred fresh men turn-
ed out for wages, and there is every reason to fear
that, ere long, that number will bo frightfully in-
creased. The constant cry of the men is, 'Are we
to die of starvation, or see our children fall before
our faces from hunger, while plenty abounds in the
land ?' The situation of the females beggars all
description — naked, shivering with cold, and faint
from hunger, lliey ore parading the streets, and im-
ploring with tears and supplications, assistance for
themselves and their famishing children."

After giving some thrilling accounts of the dis-
tress prevailing in Yorkshire, the London Atlas
says :

" This is but a sample of the accounts from all
parts of the country. Manchester, Liverpool, Bir-
mingham, Paisley, Norwich, Preston — almost eve-
ry town in England or Scotland where the popul.i-
lion is dense, has the same talc to tell. The mid-
dle classes cannot assist ; they arc tliemselves
falling into actual want. Distress such as this

must affect the capitalist as well as the
and it must spread upwards and downwards, .
the intermediate classes between wealth and 1
are absorbed in the calamity. Meanwhile,
crease of the deposits at the Bank of Engl
the effect even upon those who stand rein
from all ehances of immediate distress ; and
this is going on, bread is nearly double the
in London which it is in Paris."

and I

It is said of the eccentric John Randolph, t
political opponent who wished to draw him ii
quarrel, one day boldly met him on the sidewall
Washington, with the remark, "1 do not turn
for every vile scoundrel I meet." "I always
said Randolph, with an expressive waive of
hand ; and suiting the action to the word, he tm»
ed one side and went on his way.

Curious Law. — It is said that there is a 1|*[
among the Arabs which permits a man to diva
any of the four wives allowed him, who do]
make good bread. Fortunate for some of the fa
ionables of the present day, there is no such U> I
ifi force in this country ! — Ezch. pap.

OKKEN'.S PATENT SrRA\V CUTTKB.

JOSKPH BKl-.<-K. .V Cv). ni ine.\cr- Knii.!
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos, 51 and .'.2 Korili
kel Slrcel, have for sale, Green's Palonl Siraw
Suilk Culler, operating on a mechanical princijile not
applied to any implement Corlliis purpose. The mo.sl
inenl effects of Ihis applicalinii, and some of the conr-
peculiarilics of the macliine are :

1. So great a reduction of ihc quantum of power reqo

to use it, that llie strength of a half grown boy is sufticfc
to work it cfhciently.

2. Wilh even -this moderate power, ileasilyculstwohi*-
els a ininuie, which is full twice as fast as has been .1 nan
hy any oiher machine even when worked by borec ur >i<ii
power.

3. Tlie knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whichllB
cut, require sharpening less often Ihau those of any ollv
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple inits construction, made nndfi
together very strongly. Ii is therefore not so lint'ie nlli
crmplicatedniacbines in generaJ use tu get mil ol oi :fr

UUINDSTONBS, ON FRICTION ROL.L.KUX.

Grindstones of ditlercnl sizes hung on friclion roil. -s nt
moved wilh a fuol trcadcr, is found lo Lc a grcal l;ll^'n>»
ment on the prcteul mode of hanging grindstones. Hi
case wilh which they move upon the rollers, renders ikB
very easy in turn wilh the fool, by wliich the labor of m
man is saved, and Ihe person in ihe act of gtiniiiiii:. •
govern the stone more lo his mind Uy having the lonipfcli
control of his work. Stones hung in this monn'-r iir»l»
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give uatWt
sal salislaclion. The rollers can be altoched lo tloncs hii
in the common way.

For sale i.y JOS'lil'II BRECK & CO., Nos. 01 »«<»•
North Market Boston. July 14

NEW K NGLAND FARMKU.

A WEKKLT PAPFR.

Torms, $apor year in arfrance, or f 2 50 ifnotfli'
within thirty days.

N. U. — Postninstora arc permitted by law to frinitt'
Kibscriptiona and remiltancti for newspapers, withwK
expeiue to lubacribem.

TUTTLB AHD DEBKETT, PKINTERS.

AND II O R T I C U L T U R A J. R E f i I S T E R .

:— " = ■,- 'S' J5S

Priit.lSHKD BY JOSi:i'H RREi-K & CO., NO 58 NOUTII MAllKKT STRKKT, (AuniciLTUiiAL Wa««mou.k.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, liDITOK.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY «>, 1841

fpio. Stt.

N. E. FARMER.

For the Nfw England Farmer.

BONES AND ASHES.
MX Pi't:«am, Esq. — Dear Sir — One question
^leoted to nsk in my inquiries of Inst week :
this: — Wliicli would you choose for light
that y«u were about to lay down to grass,
or iowf.t, if hoth cost the same ? F do not
tliat you will iinderslmd me; Imt it is this :
le hundred bushels of spent ashes spread,
d cost a ci-rtain sum, would you, or not, prefer
», in quantity to amount to the same cost?
hat amount of bones would you apply to an
>f liijlit sandy soil ?

hes cost with us, delivered and spread, about
9. per hushcl ; and ijround bones, unboiled, .W
cts., accordinof to fineness.

Very truly yours with respect,

VVM. C. CHAPIN.
»viJence, Jan. 17, 184'j.

Any answer to a question like the forego-
nust be rather a matter of opinion than of
'ti/ge, until bones have had a more full trial
Dur coimni;nity has yet given to lliem. We
reply to the inquiry, but it will be with a
iousness that the answer ouglit not to have
weight v.iih any one ; for even tee are un-
g to have much confidence in the corrcclness

opinion we now hold, until our e.xperience

use of bones shall become more extensive
1 are undoubtedly very good for grass, and
«lto for most other crops. Light land is gen-

favorable for both ashes and banes. The
aslies are snid to be more serviceable near
a coast where salt from the atmosphere coin-
with tliem, than they are in the interior, [f
e true, such aslies are worth more as a ma-
tt Providence, R. I., than they are in" most
of the country. Our own c.yperimenls and
if our careful observations have been nude
1 a very few miles of the ocean | and eien
we should now take the lioncs in preference

ashes, if we could have but one. That is,
onld choo.se U5 bushels of bones rather than
"spent oshes. Could we, however, have . 50
Is of nshes and 12 1-2 of bones, and mix the
hiirouifliiy, adding to the mixture three or
arlloads of soil, and let the heap remain un-
)eJ and I'ermeot for two or three weeks pre-
to its apjilication to the land — we should
,' this in preference to either by iiself We

choose It, even if we had to deduct enough
he quantity of bone and ashes to pay for the
of niiiing. Oor tri-iis have been made with

tliat were boiied before they were ground ;
with such, nc think we can do as well as
.shes, our correspondent who proposes to use
ed, pcrnap? may hope to do better. For
1 It be tru2 that the phosphate of linic is the
pal property in bones that ucls as a fertilizer :
lOiigh tins is not extracted by boiling — yet
ly and gelatinous matters which the boiiing

docs remove, are good fertilizers, and llicrofuro un- Barn manure, 7.'i Iba. ; bono in drill, 10.") lbs. • bone
boiled bones, if the perishable lu.itters in them can spread, 82 lbs. ; muscle-bed, Hti 1-2 lbs.
bo preserved, are probably the best — particularly: " I aowed with ruta baga, June Ist, 10 drills 3
the lirst year. We give below extracts from the feet apart ond l.'i rmla long; five drills on barn
Transactions of the Hssrx .\griciilluiiil Soritty, i manure, part of it fresh from the barn cellar and
I^3^'. 1'hcsc di'tail uiir own experience with bones. ! pnrt partially decomposed, !» cords to ihfe iicr«.
"ShallT tell yon too what virtue there is In I .'!!!'*'""'" ,"7 "" '>"ne, .'.0 bushels to the acre!
bones .' From Mr Ward, of Roxburv, I obtaine.l, ' ^'"--^ «" "'« ''"'"-■ ""■'<= '""^^ ^otei. by the fly thait
last spring, 20 bushels ground bone ; (cost at Rox- "'* "thers, though tli.- others were not very badly
bury, :« cents per bushel ;) sold one bushel ,„ „ ! •".l"'"^''- '^ -^'/'P C' feet in length) across tl>«

drills, where o had hone and '> manure partialtr

hbor ; mixed the remaining 1!) bushels will,
about one cord of soil taken from the side of the
roads in the fields where the mixture was to be
used. Some of it waS used in ten or twelve days
afler it had been mixed, and some remained in
he.ip five or six weeks. .iVbout the lOih of May,
when planting corn where four cords of manure to
the acre had the previous autumn been turned un-
der the sod, and where I was putting four cords to
the ocre in the hill, I selected four rows through
the centre of the piece, in which I put the tjone
mixture, at the rate of 50 bushels bone to the acre

decomposed, yielded : bono, 24d lbs. ; manure 'Zm
lbs.

"Another strip, l(j 1-2 feet long, where there
was bone and fresh manure, gave bone, 212 lbs. ^
manure, 227 lbs.

"About the 10th of June, ( sowed ruta baga on
reclaimsd meadow land; drills :j feet apart; ma-
nure 9 cords to the acre; bone .50 bushels. Soon
after the plant-f came up, those on the barn ma-
nure ivere nearly all destroyed by the fly ; it was
necessary to sow a second time. Those on tli«

no other manure in Ihe hill. The corn here looked I ^""^ \^'!-' ^"' ""y '''"'' '"J"'"^<^- ^""^ ''fi"»>
as well through the season as on the remainder of '"" ""^' '""5' ' ',? ^°"^' y''"^'^'"^ ■*^> ^■~ ">»• = <"'""-

the piece, and ripened a little earlier. At the time
of harvesting, 104 lulls on bone yielded 181 lbs. of
corn on the cob. The same number of hills in the
adjacent rows on manure, yielded' 1S8 .3-4 lbs.
That on the bone was the dryest at the time of
weighing.

" The first week in May, I planted a piece of
corn, where I put 3 1-2 cords of manure upon the
furrow, and 4 cords in the hill, to the acre. Throiigli
the centre, I left four rows until about the 10th of
May, when I planted them wilh bone, as in the
other piece. Here, from (iO hills on bone, I obtain-
ed 90 lbs. ; from (iG on manure, !l(i lbs. Here,
too, the corn on the bone ripened earlier, and of
course weighed less.

"May 21st, when planting potatoes where four
cords of manure to the acre had been turned under
the sod the previous autumn, and where 1 was put-
ting five cords to the acre in the hill, two rows
were planted on bone, 50 bushels to the acre. This
ground was furrowed only one way, and the hills
on the bone happened to be put ilearer to each
other than those on the manure. When dug, equal
(;uan<i7i"(S of ground were taken; of bone, 14 hills;
of manure, 12 hills ; the bone yielded 55 lbs. ; the
manure .52.

"Between the 15th and 20th of May, I sowed
sugar beet, in drills, 'i feet apart. In some, used
barn manure, G cords to t!ie acre ; in others, muscle
bed or sea marl, 5 cords; in others bone, 50 bush-
els. Three drills of each kind, about three rods
long, yielded as follows, viz: from barn manure,
247 lbs.; mu.scle-bed, :J55 lbs.; bone, ;ja7 1-2.

" At the SBino season, I sowed carrots on barn
manure, muscle-bed and bone. Barn manure, 6

on manure, 4.'i<j lbs. Da.niei, Pit.nam.

North Danvers, Dee. 5, 1838."

In the autumn of I83i), wc said to the farmers'
of Essex —

"Bone manure, last season, did pretty well. In
all the uperaiions I have aided to make with it the
present year, it has been so mixed up with other
ingredients that it is impossible to judge of its effi-
[. |cacy. 'Ihe corn where it was used, wore in the
early part of the season, a most sorrowful and for-
lorn aspect; the warm suns of July, however, en-
livened its spirits and changed its complexion. lis
present size would rebuke me were I to assert thai
it has not found somewhere a pretty good suppir
of nourishment. In the field of a friend, who left,
his corn to feed upon bones and meadow mud, or
starve, its aspect a few weeks since, indicated that
the food was either difficult of mastication or hard
to digest. Its growth was less vigorous and it!*-
oppcaraiice less healthy than that of the surround-
ing corn upon "dificrent diet. A rust, a bad rust,
was upon all its leaves while the neighboring corn
on all sides was bright and healthy in its appear-
ance. Probably you euo find more economical
means of enriching your soils, than that of procur-
ing bones."

The expert, ent upon which the above remark»
were founded, was this: — About (50 bushels of
bone and (JO bushels of live ashes were mixed with
three cords of soil. .After two or three weeks'
fermentation, this compost was put in the hill foi'
three acres of cofn. About 20 bushels of bone and
20 of ashes per acre. Four cords of good bara
manure per acre had previously been plowed in.
One acre of this field yielded 80 bushels of corn ;
but iliis acre was much the best. We then thought

cords to the acre; muscle-bed, 4; bone, 50 busli

' • ' "^' ""="' . Kill iMio ouic W03 iiiucii me PBsi. >\ e men inought

els. bonie of the hone and the other manures I p^ottv well of bones ; but judging from the effects
were spread broadcast and a part of the bone was | ,„,on the first crop only, the conclusion was that
put in the drill ; rows 14 inches apart Two row, | „her manures might be procured at less expense
ofeach kind, three rods long, yielded as follows: ■ compared wilh Ibcir cffects.—The

field of coriv

234

N E \V ENGLAND FARMER

JAN. 26. IS4 3.

Iicrc spoken of, was cukivated without any liiU.
And {Tiasa sevi was sowed among it at the last
time of hoeing. Consequently the mixture of
hone and ashes lies unmoved in the hill? where it
was originally placed. In the spring of 1810, we
saw the clover jjrowing luxuriantly in hilU. The
same with the second crop. Also in 1841 the same
effects were seen in both first and second growth.
That is, while the wliole soil had been well dress-
ed with good manure for two, and sonic of it for
throe successive ) ems, so that the grass diil well
between the hills, (we u«e liiu expression for con-
venience, though in fact there was no hill there,)
while tlie whole was in good condition, the clover,
where the roots found ihe bone and ashes, has for
two successive years, in bolh the first and second
crop, been so much larger tlian on ihe remainder
of the ground, that the difference could be discern-
ed at any distance at which l/ie fulcl cn\t\t\ be dis-
tinctly seon. The continued good effect upon the
gross has caused the ar'.tcic to rise in our estima-
tion.

But the question will come — why ascribe thrso
effects to the bone, when yon used as many ashe.i
as bones .' They both do good undoubtedly. But
the small patch where the potatoes were |iut upon
bone.-', wilhoul ashfs, in l>i'ii6, was sowed to barley
and grass seed in J6:}9. Here, in 16-10, and also
in 1841, the clover was so much larger than upon
the surrounding land, that its superiority in the
month of June, could be lii.scerned at as great n
distance as you can ordinarily distinguish the spot
where you made your manure heap upon the field.
The liittcr instance, lor ought that we can see to
the contrary, is a fair proof that 50 bushels of bone
per acre, where 4 cords of barn manure li;id been
plowed in, is very much more serviceable in the
way of producing hay, in the third and fourth years
after its application, than would be 5 cords of good
strong fresh barn cellar manure.

The soil in the above trials was a good warm
loam, 0 to 8 inches deep, resting upon a hard grav-
elly subsoil. The land has been in tillage and
mowing for some ages — probably as many ages n.s
almost any in .^mcrica.

These trials were made on my father's farm in
Danvcrs ; but the applications were made under
my own eye, and to a considerable extent by my
own hands. The weighing and measuring was
done by myself, and as far as the fncls go, they
may be relied upon.

The growth of grass in 1840 and 1841, caused
my father and myself also, to change our opinion
of the worth of bones. We holholHained them for
use last spring, and we bolh intend to use them
still more extensively tlij coming spring. The ef-
fect of a part of what we applied tho last spring to
a crop of rnta baga, is given in the N. K. Farmer of
Nov. 3. That was used in connection with soap-
boilers' waste ley. Tho turnip, cimtaining con-
siderable phosphate of lime, is probably benefited

hy bone more than most other crops. Clover and

It is on that mainly that we have made observa-
tions— clover is more bonefited by it than redtop
or timothy.

But while we speak well of bones, the inference
must not be made that they will be found equally
good on all soils. Mr llaggerston could find no
benefit from their, on Ulr Cu-^hin;r's farm, in VVa-
tertown. The soil there is nnich stronger niid
heavier than any where we have applied tho article.

Our use of bone has been more free than we
shall make in future. Twenty bushels to tho acre

is as much as we shall apply next year. In Sep-
tember last, wc. sowed bone from the cask, 0 bush-
els to (he acre, (no other niaiuire,) on old pasture
land, and harrowed it in with winter rye, which
we were then sowing. In one month from that
time the rye was quite percefitibly larger, where
the bone was used than where there was none.
The openness of the winter — the repeated freez-
ings and thawings it is undergoing, will probably
do the rye much harm. Should it survive, we de-
sign to ascertain the precise benefit of this sparing
application to the rye crop.

Our correspondent speaks of using unboiled
bones. We apprehend that fresh bones, unboiled,
would be exceedingly difliciilt to grind, and that
when ground it would be impossible to keep them
from rapid putrefaction and most (jffensive effluvia,
since the marrow, oil and flesh must ferment and
decay rapidly. Age may fit bones for use — but
would not age take from them tho same matters
that are taken by boiling ? By thcsi.' remarks we
intend to intimate a doubt wliether any bones bet-
ter than boiled ones, will answer the purpose for
grinding and using a^ a manure.

We have hardly answered the question before
us so dcfinilely as we could wish. There have
been no accurate experiments comparing the two
articles in question as lar as we know. We can
only repent our recommendation, which is to use
bolh; and this we do because of the different na-
tures of Ihe subslunces, each furnishing much that
the crops want, and because the ashes help to de-
compose the bone Ed. N. E. F.

MR COLMAN'S REPORT.

Wo have previously mentioned the Fourth Re-
port of the Agricultural (Commissioner. We now
allude to it again, not however wiih the purpose of
reviewing it at length, but mainly with the design
of giving to the author more jiarticular attention
than we have yet bestowed.

Mr Colman, probably, is entitled to the credit of
being the cause of the passage of the resolves
which established the commission under which he
has been acting. For whatever gooil ;he survey
has accomplished and will accomplish, the citizens
of the Couimonweallh and the country aie more
indebted to him than to any other man — perhaps
more than to all other men. When he entered
upon the duties of his office, he brought to it ex-
traordinary zeal, activity, industry and luquisitivc-
ness. It would be difficult to find another indi-
vidual in our community who can collect facts from
people widely scattered, and upon all questions
relating to human interests, with facility and dis-
patch equal to Mr C.'s. He can be in more places,
make acquaintance with more people, and put more
questions in a given time, than any other man of
our acquaintance. These peculiar powers he has
been constantly putting forlh. And consequently
his collections of facts and opinions arc exceeding,
ly extensive.

In the last rep.rt he has arranged his nmlerinls
with great skill, and thrown into the work more
spirit and beauty of style, than can bo found in
any other work upon agriculture, that wo have ony
acquaintance with. We have no fault to find with
the work in any respect, excepting the slight one
previously mentioned of introducing some pages of
description, sentiment and morals, which, thou"h
beautiful, just and pleasant, wc should not venture
to put, even were we capable of producing them,

into an ofScial report. But in this wc pro!
differ from most into whose hands the work
fall ; and our criticism will act as much to oui
credit as to his.

Wo have seen in some of the papers of the
insinuations that it was a saving or econoi
disposition (to use no hai slier term,) that indi
the iijembers of the Legislatiiro to cut slioi
survey before it was completed. We had
opportunity to know fully the view taken of
mutter by the Legislature, and we have no
that a miserly disposition Ind any connection
the action which brought the Commissioner's I
to ail abrupt close. The action in this coso
such as we felt bound by our obligations I
Cominonweailh not to oppose.

The report in question will do more lo wii
its author a high and lasting reputation as a
laborer in behalf of agriculture, than all h<
done before. It will be referred to in ycars^
ages to come as a vnlu.ible collection of facts,
which most useful inferences may be drawn,
will conlinui; to shed light upon husbandry, en
when the present generation shall have given pik
to ihosi; who arc yet unborn. "

We know not who owns the copyright — but
the Commonwealth, would it not be well lor d
Slate to roliiiquish its right in favor of the nutk
ai'd give him opportunity to republish all bis
porls, if it shall ever seem to him desirable..
N. E. F.

For (he N. E. Farmer.

MANAGE.MENT OF SWINE.

On this subject much has been said and
People differ in opinion ns much as they difl
looks. A. tells us this way is Ihe best — B.
thai way is the best, and C. differs from both,
der such conflicting opinions how shall we i
The answer is at hand. Give all npininnal
methods due consideration, and then judge fori
selves. Or, in oiher words, -'prove all thi
hold last that which is good." That whic
good for us. Management that is good for^
man, may not, in all cases, be good f.ir ana
Circumstances often alter cases. I will ve||
lo give my opinion, and shall ask no one to i
it, if it be not worthy of con.'ideration.

In the first place, thfre mi(</ be a f^ood pi{
There is a greater failure in this respect, I
than in any other. The swiiic arc too cold in^
weather, and too warm in worm weather,
owners of lliese animnl.s do not sufliciently con
that they require lo be coinforluhic, in ordfl
thrive and do well. It is a lumenlable fact,j
withslanding so much has been said and
on the proper management of sv\ine, (hat
have hogs that are continually snldinp ai\d
not so much on account of being scantily fei
fi)r the want of a comfortable piggi'ry. I weB
one of these miserable ]iena the other night, '
the inmates were winning out something lika
following : —

Oh I cruel maalpr, why do ye
Confine lis in thin pijfgery ?
Oh ! here we lie, witlinut a bed.
Dirty and wel, Irnm tool to he.id ;
Horms coinc..! m, from e%eTy rrurk.
And biles our ears, our le^s and buck:
Thus uc ahiver all the niglit :
We scotdf we trAine, nn-l poineiimcs bitt.
Hard inaslor ! i.h*ll it always be,
To have no better P'Sgeryf

V X. \ll. .10.

AND H () K T I a U L T V. it A I. R K (] I S T K K

•236

li.' laii sii|ip»HL' tlial iwino will Jo well, wlion
uic ' :>rort.iblu and rrstle»«, and lutiirc forci-s
ijp \o uliiMc (Mil 8U0I1 heart rendin$r i-onipbint!) ?
|> 111 iiiK'nl's rolloelion iiiii^t ronviiico every one

tsviiiio oiiglit to hnvo a dry, conilorlnblo nest.
Iionnoro, it IS lii);lily necessary that it alioiiid
f, Mat they can ba«k in tlio !iiin in cold woiitli-
id liiuo tlie benelit of tliu air and shade in
L There is no dmibt but a third may bo »aveii
lod aeconiinodnlions.
the second place, Ihtrt must he suilnkle food
rooJ atttnclance. — Sows that have pi<;!>, on^ht
ve Jillerenl keeping from whnt hogs generally
In order to have their otTspriii^j do well.
not only innst have meal, but a |;ood supply
Ik, or »hey. This is soon imparted to their
'ny, and, penerally, (»viih good uttcndance,)
:es what the owiH'r so much desires. I'arlu-
liavin;; taken place, care should bo taken lor
days, not to over feed. After whieli, the
ni<.'ht to bo fed 6ve times a day, and have
what the appetite craves. Id other cases,
especially llio potato, can ho used to great
itnrje. This, I iJiink, is the most natural for
, and can be raised (all things considered.)
the least expense. Not only roots, but men],
eve, ought to be cooked. I very well know
here is some expense about it — but wliore
cominodations are good, there will be tin-
edly a great gain. VVeaiied pigs and swine 1
re are fatting, ought to be fed thr''e times a I
.nd about such a lime. Punctuality in this
;t, is highly important Some contend to I
wice per day is as well, or better, than oflen-
But against this practice, reason and cxpcri-
raise a powerful voic;e. Nature teaches that
cquire not only a breakfast and supper, but
icr. The food must be of good quality and
out liberally, but not to cloy. Meal sliould
ide of B niLvlure of grain ; it is more palata-
nd has a better oflect upon iho recipients.
eding swine three times a day, in a jiroper
?r, the stomach may be duly distendeil, but
■ as to produce disease. Whereas, if tlie
hat they havf: at three times, be given at l«o,
I so diitend the stomach as to have this effect.

SEN EX.
ittboro\ Jan. 17, 1842.

jEN. b.arnum's potato crop.

the ajjncultiiral meeting nt the State House
iday evening last, Mr Stone, of Beverly, in
ing that Mr Barninn, of Vermont, b.id raised
bu.sliels of potatoes per acre, was ijiouglit
iny present lo stale what was incredible,
uw that he might have doubled the amounl
, we copy the following from the N. K. Kar-
vol. xiii. page 204, which appeared originally
V'crgcnnes (Vt.) Gazelle:

POTATOES.

2 following is the result of some experiments
e during the present season in growing pota-
Presuming ;he produce would be such as to
.0 too much of the ntarrellous for general be-
nd some s-nall risks having been taken on
suit; to place it beyond the reach of doubt
ilradiction, it was agreed lo appoln', Samuel
n, Esq., one of the Common Council of the
md .Mr R. Stowell, measurer, to superintend
lally the measuring of the ground, the digging
potatoes .ind the measuring of ihnni in the
iberal manner, giving 38 quarts to the bush-

el. Tlio folliMving wm the roKiilt <>f tli" dilU>ront
pieres :

No. 1, at the rate of l.Ttil bush. 6 quarts.

No. 'J, do. do. :i4IO do.

No. ;), do. d.i. VU41 do. !28 do.

No. 4, do. do. IlkVI do Hi do.

No. 5, do. du. 22511 do. :» do. ;itr arre.

Average of the whole number of pieces, lt<4.1
bushel..) and ri ilt-i-Kil (|uarls to the acre. The
onsting was performed by Ucnj. It. Alloii, \. M.
and Mr Sidney Diinlon, ninthemntician^.

This may certify thai the above is a correct es-
timate of the rate per acre of which the several
lots of A. W. Barnum, (above described by their
respective numbers,) produced.

Bkmj. n. .\i.i.r.y.

/ Vrg-fniKs, .Vol). 23, 18;J4.

Owing to the eaily drought, my first planiing
(late in April.) proved a failure, prodiicinc; In.'stlinn
lialfacrop. In digging some early in June, for
family use, I found they had not only ripened
prematurely, hut had put forth shoots, a second
growth. In August, I discovered upon these
sprouts, (which had then risen to the height of from
(I lo 8 inches above the surface, assuming the top
and appearance of a regular planted potato,) small
potatoes from the size of a pea 10 that of an ounce
ball. I regret exceedingly I had not permitted a
drill to have remained until the usual time of gath-
ering in the fall ; the experinionl might hnvo af-
forded 6(mie valuable informatinn on the .<iubject of
growing this most useful of vegetables.

From the frequent experiments I have made, I
fully believe that 1000 bushels of potatoes may be
raised upon one square acre of land, with less than
half the expense it usually costs on four acres, in
the common manner of cultivating them. I would
most cheerfully communicate the manner I have
adopted, in planting, hoeing, &c-, the result of 25
years' experience, aided by the valuable informa-
tion received from others, but presume, like many
useful hints daily published in our public journals,
it would be reluctantly read, and rt-adily disregard-
ed and forgotten. A. W. BARNUM.

Vtr^inncs, Dec. 24/A, 1834.

[O^Eor an extended account of Mr Barnuni's
process in the production of the above crop of po-
tatoes, see N. E. Farmer, vol. xiii. page 399.]

"MISS JANE"— THE OURANG OUTANG.
To the Erlilor of the New England Farmer :

An editor is supposed to know every thing, and
therefore you need not be informed that this Oiirang
Outang is the " greatest /ion" now in this city ;
but the same omniscience is not accorded to your
readers who live in the country, and it may not be
aini«s to say fomething concerning her for their
benefit. Meeting the owner of her in Ihc street,
he invited me to call and see bt-r. We apccplcd
his invitation, and were iiot disappointed in our an-
ticipations that she would exhibit herself interest-
ingly. Slie did, remarkably so, though it was in
the evcnirg, and she had entertained a hundred or
more visitors during tlie day — a circumstance not
likely lo excite her physical or intellectual powers.
She walked erect, ascended a rope to the ceiling,
amused herself with a needle and thread, and a
picture book, and drank a gla.-^s of water with as
much apparent g-ui/o as an honest "teetotaller."
But it woe her voice and manners — her exprcs-

j linn* of pleasiirn and pain, and hrr neatncii and
civility, in which we took mum interest. If dis-
I pleaveii, she woiilil (frieve and cry like a child, and
ion the contrary,' Inngh when plra>innt. She wag
I neatly attired in a mlk dren, and would not siitfer
it tn hn soiled. She nttached herself lu a littlo
boy, ei|;ht or nine years old, who was prc-icnt, and
could not be separated from him by any p<ri<(in but
h'r keeper: u gentleman attempted to lake her
iiiviy, and sh" hit him. .Mnny OuraiiK Outang*
have been brought to this country ; but it Is be-
lieved, on the authority of diHtingiiishcd scientific
and medical men, that u more ppifect specimen has
never been exhibited. Il.imin beings have been
divided into races — the white, tlic block, and tho
yellow races ; hut another rnce might be added to
those, ond it ought to bo called the " wild race."
Jane is evidently a little " wild woman." She
does not d'lfcr much from any other little woman,
except in ihc developcment of what are perenologi-
enlly called the " refleelive faculties," and in tho
mechanism of her vocal organs. Dr. J. V. C. Smith
has said, "that ten minutes devoted to the exami-
nation of her h>'ad, faciei expression, niescular dc-
velopements, and general external characteristics
would prove more satisfactory to a man of scientific
pursuits, than whole tomes of dcscriptivo writing,
even from the highest authority."*

"Miss Jane's" ajiartments arc at Young's SalooD,
2'J5 Washington street. B.

'Boston Medical and Hurgical Juiirnal, nf Jan. 19-

,1 Discovery for Housekeepers. — A correspondent
of the Boston Transcript says that a small quanti-
ty of green snse placed in Iho closet, will cause
red ants to disappear. The Worcester /Egis adds,
" If this be true, how much ill temper will be spar-
ed to careful housekeepers and nice young maid-
ens, whose sugar-boxes, bread-boxes and cake-
boxes, made to shut never so tightly, have been
found infested with this vermin at the critical mo-
ment when their contents were wanted at the la-
ble.-"

The K'ni.'worlh Hog.—A.B. Allen, of Buffalo,
who has returned from Europe, has brought home
with hirn a new breed of hogs, which are denomi-
nated Kenilworth. Some of this kind have weigh-
ed, when full fatted, 17(0 pounds! They stand
four feet high, hive no bristles, but their hair and
color white. — ftestern Far.

EXPERIMENT WITH CORN.
A correspondent of the Naslu'ille Agriculturist
says — '• The farmers in this erction, w ijioiit a sin-
irlo exception, so far as 1 know, nub their seed
corn, <ir shell off the grains for about an inch and
a half at the small i;nd of the ear, as refuse corn,
and ''"'"6 shell off a little at both ends. Last
spring -vhen I was planting corn, I nubbed off the
small ends of the cars in a half bushel, and had
(helled the gnod corn in another. When I had
planted about one third of the patch, 1 discovered
that I iiad been planting the iiubbcd corn by mis-
take. I then sent for the good corn, and planted
the balance with it. When the crop was harvest-
ed, I found the part phuited with the refuse or nub-
bed corn, lo be eq'ially as large, as sound and heavy
as that planted with the good corn; therefore it
must be all a notion about taking off the nub ends
of seed corn, if it is sound."'

"^36

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

1(01.1

GREAT YIELD OP CORN.

We find in tlie Union Agriculturist, n communi-
cation from Col. Joel Walker, of Belviilorc, Hi.,
giving an account nf corn raised by liini llio past
year. The kinds sclrctcd for the experiment weri;
the Chinese Tree corn, 1'2 rowed ; Yellow Dunt,
12 rowed ; and New Jersey, S do.

'■'The pround wa.'? highly manured, at an ex-
yenec of $'-i per acre, li;jlitly plowed and ollierwise
prepared in the ordinary manner. The seed was
planted in hills four feet apart; number of kernels
to the hill not remembered. The crop is harvest-
ed, and the result is as follows :
Chinese Tree corn, IfiO J-2 bush, shelled, per acre.
Yellow Dent, 170

Wew Jersey, 9!) 3 4 " " "

To be sure there was no mistake, each parcel
was measured twice ; and as the tiditnr of the Ag-
Ticulturist has vouched for its accuracy, itKiiay be
considered one of the most enormons yields on re-
cord. Col. Walker also planted ii small quantity
of the Brown corn ; and from its fine appearance
and yield, expresses the opinion that it will one
day supercede every other variety. Such yields
of corn as this, and some of those recorded in our
December number, for which premiums were a-
■warded by our county societies, will make Kit
Cornhill, who in his rommunication in imr last,
wsinhutted his doubts of the reality of such crops,
open his eyes wider than ever. — Jithany Cult.

DOMESTIC FOWLS IN WINTER.

One of the greatest errors that prevails in the
Tnana;;cment of the domestic fowl, and one which
must be destructive of all profit, is the common
practice of leaving thorn to "shirk for themselves"
during the winter monilis. ^-There is no animal on
ihc farm that better .epay ^ood keeping than the
hen, and with it, there ie none that affords so much
profit on the capital employed.

The hen should have a close warm roost, for
there arc few creatures that suffer more from the
cold than fowls. They should have a box of grav-
cl, sand, ashes, &c. for them to roll and dust them-
oelvcs in, to prevent the alt.icks of those insects to
which fowls are subject; they should have access
to pulverized limestones or limestone gravel, as
this will give material for shell, and contribute to
ihe health of hens ; thoy should have abundance
of water, clean and pure, for fi.'w animals will
drink more frequently or eagerly than hens, if wa-
ter is within their reach ; and no one need expect
healthy fowls, or a plentiful supply of eggs, who
does not pay strict attention to their supply of
food. Indian corn, pons, buckwheat, oats or bar-
ley, may be fed to fowls. Potatoes, steamed or
toiled, arc excellent food for them, but must be
fed while warm, as fowls will not cat cold potato,
iinless driven to it by hunger. Towls should have
access ti"» a warm yard in the .sunny days of winter,
as warmth is particularly invigorating to them. If
confined for any time in a close ill-ventilated room,
they will become diseased and feeble, and will re-
<iuire extra attention to repair the evil generated. —
]bid.

From the Allany Cultivator.

ON THE CULTURE OF POTATOES.

Messrs. Cnylord S,- Tucker — Located as I am,
near a village on the banks of the Hudson river, I
find the most profitable crops I can raise are pota- j
toes, hay, and oats. I will give you a description
of the manner in which I raised my crop of pota-
toes this year. After mowing a field containing
three acres, I put on seventyfivc loads of manure
in the month of September, and plowed it under
immi'diately after it was spread on the field. In
the month of April fidlowing, I had the ground
made mellow by cross-plowing, and in May plant-
ed in rows 2 1-2 feet apart both ways. About
ten days after the field was planted, when the
sprouts began to break the ground, I had the field
plowed wiili one horse, putting two furrows to the
row, throwing the dirt on the rows, which covered
the potatoes very deep. I then had them harrow,
ed with a wooden tooth harrow ; this threw the
small stones and lumps of dirt off the potatoes into
the furrows between the rows, and made the field
apj)ear like a field of newly sown wheat before it
had come up. In a few days the potatoes came
up beautifully ; all vegetation in the field at this
time was destroyed, except the potatoes. In the
latter part of Juno, I had them plowed and hoed
once, and that was all the labor bestowed upon
them. The field yielded TS.') bushels.

I planted another field, containing five acres. I
put on twenty five loads of manure to the acre ; it
was spread on the sod in the month of April, and
plowed under ; the potatoes were planted in May.
This field could not he tilled as the other: the
sod prevented. They were plowed and hoed in
the usual manner. The field yielded 010 bushels.
I planted another field, containing five acres,
which had been planted with corn the year before,
and manured at the same rate previous to planting
the corn. I had it tilled in the same manner as
the three acre field, which is my practice in Cases
where it is practicable. This field yielded 875
bushels.

I had 72 loads of potatoes : my wagon and cart
hold each :!.') bushels — making in all, 2.520 bushels.
With my own stock, I make about 100 loads of
manure yearly. I buy about 200 loads in the vil-
lage for t!2 1-2 cents the load.

Tlie northern part of Westchester county has
suflTercd very much these two years past for the
want of rain. I consider my potatoes about two
thirds of a crop. Two years ago, they averaged

MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL
KTV.
Premiums on Crops.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of 1
Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of
culture, held Jan. 8, le'42 —

The Committee on Crops made a report of|
premiums awarded, which was accepted, and
were requested to publish the communic
which they had received.

A copv from the record.

BENJ. GUILD, /?ec.

The Committee of the Trustee.'; of the Ma
chusetts Agricultural Society •• on Vegetable]
Grain Crops," having examined the several cl*
award as follows:

To Francis Dodge, of Delivers, for hie crop of
Indian corn, on one acre, being 105 bnsh-'
lis, weighing 70 2-5 bu.sliels as measured
in baskets, or 98 42-75 bush,-ls, of 75 lbs.
each.

To Frederic Tudor, for his rare crop of sugar
beets, grown at Nahant, having had, on 93
rods, 42,284 lbs., which at Sil lbs. the bush-
el, gives about 1300 btishels to the acre, or
:lt; tons,

'I'o John Noyes, of Ncwburyport, for his crop
of winter rye, being 40 22-32 bushels from
t 1-2 busii. of seed,

.Mr Leonard Hill, of East Bridge^■ ater, prei
ed his claim for the premium on co .i, having pK
duced 92 bushels (m 1 acre and 4 rods — almct j
equal to Mr Dodge's crop.

P. C. BROOKS,
For the Coinmi

Corn Crop.
Francis Dodge's Slatemenl.
To lli« Commiimeof the MasBichusetls Agricullur
cicly "on Grain Cropa"
Ge.ntlkmf.-v — I offer for premium a crop of Ii
dian corn, obtained from one acre of land, and nw
soring one hundred and five bushels. The lanii
a (lark loam, with a subsoil of clayey gravel,
know not the name of this corn, but some of ll
same was e.\liibitcd at the annual meeting of tli
Essex .\gricultural Society at Georgetown,
crop of hay was taken from the land Inst sea
after which it was plowed and sown to turnipa (
corn. It had at this time a dressing of three (
of manure from the hog yard. In the sprinl

over 300 bushels to the acre. The plan of cover- was cross plowed and harrowed, and I'our con
ing them with the plow when they are about com- inanure from the cellar was spread on, whwii
ing up, saves me twenty or thirty dollars a year in was again plowed ond furrowed at a distance at
labor, and I think my crop much better. 1 got the ' three feet four inches one way, and three feetlb
hint from the Cultivator, and I would give Ihe man i inches the other: four cords of old manure •!•
that wrote the article the credit of it, but I have i put in the hill. This manure was hove well fc
searched the back volumes, ond I cannot find it. the purpose of getting it fine. It was planted A
If it had not been for the Cultivator, I probably i 8th and 1 Ith of May ; 7 kernels were dropped, a*:
should not have known it ; so I save twenty or from 5 to <> stood. It received two hocingsjil
thirty dolliirs a year in this one thing, by reading ! each time the cultivator was used. The 27lfca!

your highly valuable paper.

Respectfully yours,

TYLER FOUNTAIN.
Perhshill, .y. Y. JVov. 12, 184L

Jtock Salt. — A body of rock salt, like that found
.in Europe, is stated to have been recently discover-
ed near Abingdon, Virginia, at the depth of two
liundred and sixty feet. This is the first that has
ovc." been found in the United States.

September it was cut up and slooked, and harVI^
ed the last of October

Erptnscs of Ihc Crop.
Interest of land, (valued at $100,)

Judge Kent says " there are very few evils to • Eight cords of manure, at .$(>,
which a man is subjected, that he might not avoid. Heaving old manure,
if he would converse more with his wife, and fol- i Plowing twice and borrowing,
low her advice." An exchange paper thinks the ! Furrowing,
Judge is a sensible man. I Putting out manure,

96 (C

I

vol.. \X. %■<). .10.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

237

apjun^', cim-niig nm! spim!,
ItM.iiiiig livioc, iiid liocing twice,
tlHi^ up and (looking,
rvcstiiig and liuvkinj^.

f'nlut of Crop, l(c.
If of (ho manure,

InislieU com nt t^O ci».
i I J Ions loddir at $10,

From which deduct expense of crop,

2 ^!i

7 on
2 CO
•>00

t84 00

$34 00

84 0(1
35 00

$l4:i 00
81 00

possible. Also, during iho dry wi-nlhor of Au. chc» spnrt ; llien I put into llio furrowt .VHinnie.
L'.ist, the tops of Bovoral of the row. w»-ro cut off curl londs of horno, Blablc and hoj; manure, an.ount-
for fodder for the cowa. My own boliof i». u ! i")! to upunrdu <>l nino cnrd», from llm fnfii»uro of
would bo poaalblo to hovo produced on ihe Hiin.c j ihc carl ; t ih.Mi Htriick off the land Iho olhrr way
piocM of ground, if much care had been taken, KiOO "ilh a mu.lniip, ju«l two foot upnri, and planted ;
bu,|,o|s. letting (where there woru to lunny.) Ihro'' stalk*

Mhink the crop which has been thus produced | 'land in a lull: I unod eleven ipiarta of ired ; ono
on n.y land has not been caused by the lrenchin(j, half yello>v, niul Iho oilier larjje while corn. I
but by the looaonc.-s ot ilio soil and llie lop dr.'sa- I'lonted il Ir.i.n llie 20lli to •J4lh ol Mny. I hoed
injfof rich manure, ol which I haxc spoken. The H'e same four timeu, plowing between llie row.
»sclulne.ss of a top dressing, more especially in a each lime. I hoed ihe first lime the lOtli or 1 1th
drv season, is undoubtedly great. of June, and Ih- Insl lime llio first of July. I cut

Inclosed are the cerlilicatej, which I suppose to ">c slalks, before the *JOlh September, and cut up
be all the Society will re<|Uire. The whole crop the corn mid had the same husked nnd weighed

Net profit, $.■">!) 00

FRANCIS DODGK.
Ao;M Danvtrs, .Vow. 1S41.

This is to certify thai I, James Flanders, ineas-
d the corn wilhin mentioned, and the number of
ihels as suiod, was token from one acre of land.
Iso weighed several baskets of the above corn.
J lound il to weigh 70 2-5 lbs. to the bushel.

James Flahoers.
Land measured by .■Vnsel \V. Putnam.

Sugar Bket Crop.
Fndtric Tudor's Slattmtnt.
Ta Benj. Guilrl, Esq. — Sir — In the spring of
40, I caused about an acre of land, of the pas-
•e lands of this place, to be fenced in and trencli-

20 inches deep. The ground had never before
d an agricultural instniincnt of any kind in it.

was a pasture, of indifferent soil, with many

nes in and upon it.

The trenching consisted in reversing the soil for

inches in depth nilli the spade, and after put all

stones (which were found) in the bottom ; 3

;hp3 of muscle mud were put on them, followed

the turf and best of the soil — then 2 inches of
;k weed and kelps, fresh from the shores, or cut
iin the rocks ; then the less rich part of the soil
d more muscle mud: the top left with the poorest
d most gravelly soil. In all, there were about
inches, in perpendicular height, of manure, added

the soil, which when pressed, might have been
bn 6 inches in perpendicular hciglit; so thai the
ad had been moved with the spade a deplh of a
tie exceeding two fceL

I^n the spring of 1640 it was sown with sugar

els. but did not do very well, tiie lop soil being

very poor. In ihe spring of 1841, 1 had il
owed about 0 inches deep; but the plow did not
ach any of the richer parts of the soil below, and
Jiibited little more than yellow loam and gravel.

I caused 03 rods of this lot to be again sown
ith sugar beet seed this spring, and after ihebeels
id come up, had the land dressed on the surface,
lerely spreading it on,) with 1.1 cords of rich cow
ird manure. This caused the young plants to
greatly, and iho crop has been so large, that
have determined to cvlilbit It before the Slate
gricultural Society, and put in a claim for the
remium which they have offered, which I beg
ave now to do.

I should observe that I had ne design of making
lis claim, until the growth of the beets promised
great return. There has been no particular care
f them given, and indeed several patches in the
3 rods were to be seen where the seed had failed,
nd which should have been tilled with plants, if
le object had been to try the utmost which was

was sold by auction, nnd the weights given were
what the purchasers paid for, when they took Ihe
beets. I am your ob't serv't.

FKEDERIC TUDOR.

jValianI, ATov. Ut, 1841.

pijdTK. — The largest beet of the field measured
'M inches in circumference, and weighed HI lbs.,
but was hollow-hearted.

The largest sound and perfect beet weighed 21
pounds.

A fair bushel measured of these beets weighed
a fraction short of (iO lbs., which gives a fraction
over 1217 bushels lo the acre. Tl'.e weight of 50
lbs. to the bushel, which is the usual weight al-
lowed, gives 8 fraction over 1454 bushels to the ] ed, nnd weighed by uj.
acre. As the .Agricultural Society have prcscrib-l
ed 5Glbs.Ho the bushel, the number of busiiels per!
acre at this weight will amount to a small fraction
short of i:W0. P. TrpoR.

from, the Killi of October lolhe 24tli of naid month ;
nnd there was 17.'J baskets, weighing in ir- than
40 lbs. to a basket — the whole made (i'.»15 lbs.,
which is 02 4575 buj-hela.

The cultivation cost —

I'lowmg,

Hauling manure, furrowing and planting,

Hoeing,

Culling stalks.

Harvesting,

$H 25

The foregoing corn was raised on one acre and
four rods of land, and was planted, hoed, Inrvesl-
L.EONAKI) llll'L,
GIX)Raii 111I.L.

Land measured by Josiah Whitniiin.

Land measufed by Alonzo Lewis.

Weight of crop on !)3 rods, 42,294 pounds — ns

{O^JVote by the Editor in relation lo Mr Dodf^e's

StateiiKut Mr Dodge oppears, by ihc coirfi'oitee'a

report, to have obtained 105 bushels of corn per

weighed and certified by Ezekiel Peabody, Isaac I ncre by vitnsnrtmcnt, and only 98 bushels by
C. Perkins, and \V. G. Perkins. , weight. This leaves room for the inference that

his measurement was scanty. \Vc happen Xc

R TE Crop.
John Miyes' Slalement.

know that the crop was measured in October, for
' thi! purpose of entry for premium with the Csse^i;

To the TriistPes nf tlie Massachusetts Society for the i ^°- Agricultural Society ; and thai Ihc weight was
" -- ■'- - "■ *- '■ not ascertained until Inte in Ji'ovimber. We have

no dmibl that large corn will shrink in weight dur-
ing the first month after it is housed, near ten per

Promoiinn of Agrlcultu

Ge.ntlkmen — renter with you for premium, a
crop of winter rye. The soil on wliich it <'rew is
a black loam upon a clay bottom. Potatoes were

raised upon ihe land for three yenrs previous

The produce in 1640 was two hundred bushels.
Eight cords of manure used, was plowed in. The

In 18:?!), we found a crop, by actual trial,
lo shrink between the last of October and the last
of November, from 87 1-2 bushels to /'.» 1-2 bush-
els. Therefore, had- Mr D. Wfighed, when he

last of September, 1640, 1 sowed one and an half , "'^"^'"'"^ '" Oc'ober, it is probable that ho would
bushel of rye. Reaped the grain July 30, 1841, i '"'^'^ ''^'"'y ""'ff''' "'•'' '''■'^'"^'' "'' "'°'''^-
and threshed within ten days after. The produce

was 40 bushels and 22 qts., besides 8 qts. of small
grain. Yours, with respect,

JOHN NOYES.
Xtwbun/, JVov. 10, 1841.

Grain ineisured by John J. Adams. Land mea- i..,
sured by Tristram Little.

■B of the Matsachuaclls Society fur the
Ajjnculluri' :

Cork Crop.
Leonard Hill's Stalemrnl.
To the Trust

Pri>moliun <

Gentlkme.x — Tne following is a statement of
Ihe cultivation and produce nf a lot of Indian corn,
raised by Ihe subscriber in East Bridgwater.

The land had been planted lo poluloes in 1840,
and yielded 250 bushels. I put in 10 loads of
good manure and had ihe potatoes hoed three times.

Sheep Husbandry. — The Boston Cultivator says
that, according lo the best calculation.^ there ar*
34,000,000 sheep in the Union. 'J'his is an in-
crease of aboul 5,000,000 within the last three
years. These are worth, at a fair c ili-iilolion,
$70,000,000. About one fifth of nl' these are
found in the single stale of New ^■ork. These
sheep, at three sheep to the acre, would require
11,000,000 acres for their keeping, worth twelve
dollars per acre, making the amount of |!I32,COO,000
invested in lands.

The aggregate amount invested in sheep hus-
bandry in the U. States is :

In Sheep, . <l(i6,000,000

In Lind, 132.000,000

$200,000,(100
The annual crop of wool is cstiuiated
This present year, the land was plowed about the 1 1)0,000,000 lbs. and worth nearly $40,000,000.

middle ol May, very deep, wiih a heavy plow; I

furrowed the same very deep one way, 3 feet 8 in- Read, reflect, and you will gain in knowledge

■iss

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

jAir. ae, i84i|

»13 Mr I3i'/Ciilf,^5tU> lJ»4J,Siiii:JaJ29

AM) IIOKTlCl'LTl'BAL RKGI3TKR.

Boston, Wcdke80at, Jakuary 20, 1842.

THIRD AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT TIIL
STATE HOUSE— JAN. 14.
Cultivation of the Potato.
Mr CdIc, EiliUir of the Fiirincis' Journal, biviiig b«cn
lequcsteil 111 o|)i'n tht disc ii.'ijion, stated lliat lie had not
prepared a •ipee.li, but woul.l make some ra:iinrks. Hf
WB!! unable tu dctcriiiiiiti vvbicli account wits correct,
that ubicb lon^iderod South Ainerirn, or that made
Virginia tico plai-c wiien- the potato was firnt found.
When fif.Hi iniroduccd inio England, it wan tnialt and
inferior in tiuality, hot has been improved by cultiva-
tion. It 19 now alinoBt every where acclimai..cl; an'l it
is singidar that a tropical plant should be improved and
should dii bi!9l in high lalitudc.

The planting of seeds, and climate, both may hava
contributed to give iisi the many varieties that now ex-
ist. Where the climate is warm, ihey do best on n cool
soil; at till! North, best on lighter fiuils. He has been
most successful in cultivating them up.m greensward,
riows late in May or the firtl of June ; the sod d. com-
poses fast, and is srrviceable to the crop. If planted
very early, ihcy get ripe too early, and do not keep
well. Chooses to plant the last of May or first o( June.

Fresh lioro'o or ox manure he considers betli-r than
that which IS rotted. Crop h(St whore manure is put in
the hill. Harvesting phould not be earlier than ihu last
of September or first ofOctober. When dug, should be
kept as much as possible from the action of the air and
sun. Close t^ins in the. cellar are good for keeping them.
It is well to cover Ihcm with earth, sods, houghs, or the;
like, and bi close t)ic cellar as soon as the polatons are
in.

Is large or small seed best.' He had made an experi-
ment, pulling in the hill in one row K single largo pota-
to, and in eiiolher row two small ones. Tlie large seed
gave G bushels, where the small gave 5. S<inielime.s
the differenc: is greater than this. Murh may depcn'd'
on the season anl soil ; when the.se ar; dry, larjje does'
the best, furnishing drink lo the plant. Where birge
seed is selected for many succeesive years, the variety
is improved ; if this be not done, it delerioiates. One
gentleman in New York, whose experience MrC. rela-
ted, had caused a variety to improve by selecting larfjc
seed ; and so h id another man of his acijuaintance who
had selected for 30 year*. Some varieties at times give
but few balls— and is not the production of balls an indi-
cation of degeneracy.^

The taking olf thj llossomf has been I'uind to in-
crease the I rop ; sometimes it has nc.irly doubled llie
produce. Once .Mr C. collected balls wlirre they eniial
ed one quarter the rrop of potatoes. It i« Inciter lo get
seed from the South than the North.

Some in rultivalinj make a hill ami others do not.
He prefers a sin.ill flat hill Once on hard and rocky
land whcie ho could make but little if any hill, ho ob-
tained 100 bushels from one eighth of an acre— the land
rich. Hills that are surrounded by sods do well.

Mr riunkelt, of Pittsfield, stated that he had made
the following csperiment Ho planted <J rows, vach
sbout ir> rods long ; and put in each hill for seed in the
rows as follows :

1st row, one large potato — produce, 5 1.2 bush.

8d " two small do. " 4 1-4 '■

3d " one small do. " 2 3.4 <•

4lh " one seed end, " 3 a

3

4 1-2

5lh row, one butt end — produce,
6ih " J -2 of one potato, "
7lh " two laige potatoes, ■'
81I1 " one (pinkeye) "

9th " on* (black kidney) "

Siie ol the produce was prevailingly like that of the
seed, e^cepting where he put two large | olatoes, and in
that case there were too many sin.ill ones. And this
shows that while large seed is bes', that you may orer
seal. That liirgc |iarenls will jirodiicc large offspring,
is a law of nature, and holds true as well in vegetables
as in animals.

Covcrino; deep always has injurious efrerls upon this
crop. Where the seeil is placed deep in the ground, the
roots strike out from the stem near the surface, and dis-
tant from the parent seed. Dr. Campbell, of Pittsfield-
has made many experiments, and finds that wilted pota-
toes will come up the quickest, ond aic best fir un earhj
ctftp. The climate must determine which is I he best
soil for this crop. Warmer I.inds at the North than at
the South, arc most adapted to its growth.

The kidney-shaped and flgj-shapid potatoes never do
well on a dry soil. They require ground that is damp
and not cold. Round potatoes and round ohiong, will
often do well on dry soils.

The shape is of value in determining the quality of
the potato. The round oblong (Merino, Long Red, &c )
are the coarsest. Next, the rt.und, (English Whites,
Round Blues, &e.,) — then the fiat kidney-shaped, (Che- V'
nangos, and others like them in shape,) and lastly the
egg-shaped. The first kind give very liitle starch per
bushel ; the second give G lbs. : the third, give G 3-4 to
7 1-4 Ills. ; the fourth give 8 or 8 1-2 lbs. Where tha
productiveness is great, the quality generally is not good.
Where the qunlily is good, the yield is not great

4 1-2 bu. (good.) first yo.irafier obtaining it, in a warm moist soil, and |
4 1-2" produii.' wao yood — very good; but has since been grol

C '• I in,> it upon dry soil, and it has been doing very pooiT

He pi.-ftrs ihe Long Red potato to any other. This!

been rai.-iid on bis (iirm for many years, and has bi

improving in quantity and quality. It stands drou|

well.

Some persons arc of opinion that the potato croi
one ofihe most pri>fitable, and if it be so, it is desiri
that laiiiicrsgeiierally should be made acquainied
the fact One •.cntluman of his acquaintance in
Newbury, raises largely for shipping, sometimes I
sands of bushels annually, and thinks it his besl c
This man plants in drills.

Mr Stone, of Uevcrly, stated, that the question,
what means the greatest amount of this crop can be
tained from a given soil, is an impoitant one. Is
one kind of manure or mode of culture to be prefei
1.1 all others .' A iMr Barnum, of Vcrgennes, Vt , sti
that he has producid 1000, 1200, and even l.'iOO bu:
per iicre [See article headed '.Gen. itarnum's Pol
Crop," on pnge 235, of this paper.] He is in a coli
climate than ours, and is c>n a clay soil. He plan
drills running North and South: the drills 20 jm
apart and G deep; manure in the bottom. Seeds 6
10 inches apart. Soon attcr the potatoes are up,
the ground between them, but does not hoe. Tl
carts on rubbish of all kinds that he can get, and cO'

und over. He says if you hoe, you make
and after rnin there will be a crust. If you hill,droU|
may piiicli. His application of a coating of old tnj,
straw, brush, &c., is more expensive than hoeing, buti
more profitable. Mr S. then asUcd, can such a courw
of culture bo adopted here .'

Col. Newell, of West Newbury, staled that in Ei

Mr Dodge, of Kamilion, stated that some farmers put
the manure above the seed in the hills, and inquired | *^''""')' "'' S^' "'"■'"'*' 1'"""° "^^ops upon peat meadol
whether any one present had tried this method and could

give the results.

A gentleman (name nofttnowu,) replied that wheth-
er it was a good course, depended lipon i\ie soil. Where
• hat is dry, he was understood to prefer the manure on
top — but where wet, the rniiiture should bo below vfie
seed

Mr Putnam (Editor,) then •talodthat his experiences
were not worth much, for ho had not been very suecoss-
ful with this crop. He however had studied it some
during the past year, and would give an opinion.

Bulbous roots do best where there there is n mixture
ofsand in the soil. This probably, in part, because the
•arid fits the soil to give place or yield easily as the bulb
Ipxna' ds He had noticed too, that where sods surround
a hill of potatoes, or stones of such slinpe as to ad-
mit a free eirculntion of air in the hill, that the pota-
toes grdw large. He inferred that in order to have the
tubers of potatoes do well, they should be in a soil or
manure that will yield easily 10' their pr«8SI>ro while
they arc enlarging, and in one also that admits of a free
circulation of air. But the [>otalo, besides having a
hulb or tuber, has also fibrous roots, and these fibrous
roots, like a fine or pulverized soil and manure ; there-
fore it may he desirous to put o lililo fine manure in the
bottom of the hill for the roots, and then above, put
butt stalks, hoy, brakes, lonves, brush and the like, to
furnish a bed in wliiih the tubers can expand ersily .nnd
brcathcTreely. He gave this merely as a iheary. (Hiid
he been willing to consume the time, he thinks he could
have adduced fads, from which those viovrs would have
been no forred inferences.)

Mr Dodge, of Hamilton, as evidence that MrPlnnkcil
was right in thinking that the egg-shaped potato likes a
moist soil, slated that ho planted the St. Helena, the

anb I
s.if

ititl^

loilb
mi

u4|
uiM

that liave been well drained; and thai this fact, sil
those lands ar« very light and porous, may favor
Putnam's view as to the benefits of air. Ho ra
clioscs to raise upon old ground, and after the pla
are up to harrow the rows, (the to/JS of the rows, if
wo understood him, and this harrowing is a siibstiti
for a first hoemg,) and subsequently he gives one hoeil
He thinks some other kinds belter than the Long

Mr Putnam. The foots that Mr Dod^e, whose suilii
mostly light, prclers the Long Red, or La Plato , ui
that Col. Newell, whose soil is clayey, does not pfi
this, but rather the flat poliitoes, go to favor .Mr Plui
ctt's view, that round and oblong round , ore belter sui
to dry land than arc the flat, kidney, or cgg-sliaped

Mr Alger, of Chelsea, stnlcd that on lands where li
was told tfiat if he did not put a spoonful of lime in tkl
lull, the worms would spoil his crop, he ajiplied tkl
lime, excepting to a small part. Where there nasM
lime, Ihe worms Iroubli-d him, but did tioi whore hi
limed. He inquired whether it is best to cut the see4.

Mr Stone, of Beverly, suffered from worms where hi
used barn manure, but not where ho applied muck «
sca-wecd.

Mr Lathrop.orSouth Hadlev, staled that for this crop,
he plows well, turns the furrow flat, spreads Ii,ng ma-
nure, and harrows it in. Cuts his seed, if large. Mak«
no furrow or hole : pats the seed on tho surface, ni
barely covers it. In this way he gets his largest croW
If, howevei, he had but little manure, ho nii°lil patfl
in the hill ; but if so, be would keep ihe manure npM
the surface. He wishes to cblain qnantitij, and, exc«|i
ing a lew for tuble use, plants the kinds that prove iHI
him most productive, wliirh are the llobanK and M4P
nos. [Wo think the Merinos ol the f.iriiiers fiom A(
western part of the State, are the Long Reds of iM

%OI-. \3C, .Ml». 31).

A \ D II 0 R T I C U L T U U A L 11 E G I S T E R

•iJlS

til— i. e. iho La Plata — but on ihia poinl Ihem ii

riir ;;' iiliaiunii wliu n<-xt aildrxwcd Iho inetlinK, was
li> .ir.l liy iij wi>li (iilUciriit ill«iiiirlri«M> to <in;iblo ii.i
<'P"ri liii rainaiki.

itr Miirnnin, Kd. Cultivator, ihinkii thai if the noil in
, It i< bi'at tu ii!«o ritnr^tt inanuri*, ami put it uiiih-r
p'ii«u>«!i. Uut in olhi'r aoila hii would iml do this,
fipkh •Irting initnura uiidiT ll.oni, in iipt to priului i'
riiia. ir Iho iiianufe ho aprvad, tlii> woriii* do imi
tar HIiisti-r iiicti nacd Ilia crop Olio fifih. Hr c"*"
loin ficls which rpnd«ri'd it* prubnblu thnt a lilt n

II tli« nianuin will keop ulTlhe Mrnrnia.
liif<Hitin for di«ni«sion at th« nr xi niefling — tha Cut-
of />!«'< Trees

'orrrrhon. — Mr Mi'rri.im iiif.iinis us thilinour rrpnrt
li^ ri'iiinrk:! Iii-t work, wo iiiisrrprci'nircl liiin in two
rpssinns. lie had watched C.uigro^s with iin eiigle.
Dot an "ivilrye." Alan, h>- r«i;urd» nauci »« Very
uabic, nnd d.d n.it rail it n " trifle "

•IJIKK.MO.MI'.TKICAI,.
Rtip<irlriHortll,; .Niw Klitlanil KarlMrt.
»i;rof the riicrinuinrirriU the (iardeuof tli« pvopriclors
le Now Engl.iiid Farmer, Ilrighlon, Mass. in « ahadnl
llici ly exposure, lor ihe week eii'liiig Jan. 23:

mT 1S42. fe^M- I 12, M. | 6,l'..M. | Wind.

idiT,
sd.iv,
iuJMtay,
r-day,

Itcrl— .Mek«, 4 mn new bid. •li) 00— Navy- l-i Jo a •) 00

— No. t •(< on— do Prtino (2 ou b a in- l'ork--K»lrn clear,
4 mn libl. (13— do Clear lit a la-dn Mi-aa •<< 90 « » 60

- ilo Prime tr e'> a 4 00— do Meiui froin other Slaiea IS IS
u ') til -do Prime »7 00 a 7 (.0.

WOOL. Ihily. The T.ilue whereol lit the plarenf ex
piirialinn »hall mil exceed 8 clx. per pound, free. All wliere-
nl' tliu value eicceda 8 eta. per pouml, 3i per cl. a>l val. and
t cts jH'r pound.

Sides of fleece nnd pulled continue lot* made to-cnnaid
ernlilo extent at the receiii retjuceil prices. For lorcigii
cuurso ihore is only a liniitvil demand.

Prime or Saxony Fleeces. w.i.*.hed, lb. 47 n 60 r.--Amer
lean rultldoiMl.du 43 a 4S--no ;j4(lo40 n 41 — Do. ivdo
35 a 37 — 14 anil common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Slieep,
wnshcil, 20 I 28-- Do. unwashed, 10 a 14 — llemjiisii Uo
B n 10 — Saxony, clean, — Huciiom Ayres nnpirlled, 7 n 10 —
■lo. do picked, 12 n 16— Siiiierfino Norihern pulleil hinili 37
ti 4i— No. 1 do do. do. 33 u 37— No. 2 do >lu do 25 a 30-
No. 3 do do do 18 a 2li.

HAV, per ton. Sao Io23-Eostern Screwed SlOtoao.

(7[IF;KSE- -Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to Cc —New 5 lo».

EGGS, ICa25.

1.1
rdav,
diy,'

83

1 ^

36

36

\ 30

45

36

1 34

4«

4a

i 37

62

SO

1 GO

SI

44

1 26

30

27

1 >»

14

IS 1

R.

W.

N.

v..

S.

a K.

R.

N.

w

N

w

lltiH rO.H MARKI;T — Mo.Ni.AT, Jan. 24, IH43

Kr|.nrteiin.rtlle N>w Knslinil F'iriner.
t .Market 300 Beei Cattle, 1475 Sheep nnd 140
no.

f.s.— fieef Ciiltle We quote to correspond with
week viz. Kirst <]unlitv, $'i .'50 a 5 75. Second

, SI 75 a 5 -i'.. Tl.iKl qunlily $3 5(1 a 4 50.
Srr/i. — Sales dull T\vo lo:3 were sold by live
;hi ; one lilt at 3 1-2, and one at 4, both lots stall
'lois were s.dd from $l,=iO to 45.
trine. —Two lois were sold, one for less» nd one
a t'raciion: more than 4c., more tbao half barrows —
few were sold at retail.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uitli great care, ifeekly.
ErEDS. Herds Grass, 93 00 to 3 25 per bushel Red Top,
i3'> cents. Clover — .Northern, 13c. — Southern. l2;ol3c,
t Seed, »i S'J lo 1 *5 hu. Lucerne, 25 c pcrlb. Ca-
Seed. »4 00 a 4 30 per bushel.
RAIN. The transactions since the last report have not

I l/> any great extent ; prices have been uniform ihrougb-
the week, with a i^lighi improvemenl at ihe close. Stiles

isl of yellow flat Corn, 61c, while do., of winch there is
none of any consequence iir first hands, 6Sc; odyel.
, 63 a 66c. per bushel ; Delaware Oats 47c ; 7000 hushela
:tisli do. extra weight and quality, 35c- per bushel,
orn— Norlheni, bushel 6S lo 69— do. Round bellow 69
:— ilo. Southeni Flat Veliow 6o n C2 -While do. 57 a
-Birleyes a 6S— Gals — Soulhern 46 a 48 — Norlhcm doi
o 3.1 — Beans, per bushel 75 a I 30.

L JUR. Since the la?i report iherc has been more busi-
5 done in Genesee, and at the close bui few holders were
losi'il to sell at So 23 for sooj common brands, ibe arri-
of late being smalt and the .slock at market ii'aieriallv
inislied. Sales fancy 637 a <6 44 per bbl. cash A few
dred barrels Freuericksburg sold at <6 12, 4 mos.; aod
do. Georgetown al the same price and credit.
allimore, Howard Slrcet, 4 nujs. cr. •6 25 a 6 37— hIo-
irf, ao 12 a 6 M— do. free of sjarlie, 86 25— Philad<.'lpbia
4 mos. io 12 a 6 la — Fredericksburg, lowi'd 4 moe. (6
a 6 14— Alexandria, wharf mouulain, S6 12 a 6 13 —
rselown, »6 2', a i; 37 — Riclimond Canal, »6 25— do.
r, •/ 00 a 7 2 1— Genesee, coinnion, eash, *6 25 a 6 31 —
ancy brands 86 37 a C 44— Ohio via Canal. t5,d7— Indian

II in Mils , «3 0U a 3 25.

ROVISIONS. For all descriptions there exists a very
ted demand, sales liciog chieHy confined to the supplies
lired for vessels' stores. The eales of Lard by auction
private coulraci comprise 1800 kogs, at former, 5 S 8 a
4c per lb ; 600 do. do , private 5 1-4 a 6c. per lb. 4 mos.
100 bbis « esieru Prime Pork, common, »4 3 9 per bbl.

VKM.VI'S FoRSAl.tS.

To be sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres of Land,
beautifully siui.iled,, one mile nnd a quarter from the centre
of Billeriia,on the main road leading from f.nwell lo Bos-
Ion ; r miles from the former, ami 17 miles from the Inner
place There is a large Dw Ming House thcreiui, suitable
for two families; also a l:tr:?e Barn. Also, an establish-
ment built iwo years since for keening swine, with an njipar-
otus for boilin; with steam, and liavin; every other emive-
nieiice for the business Also u Wood Shed. Chaise House,
Graniry. and Cider Mill Hou«e, with a Grater Mill.

ANo. another Farm adjo'ningihe aboTe, conlainins al out
thirty five acres of Land, havinij a Dwellin ' House aid large
Shop built two years ajo. for a shoe esiablisbmeut. The a
hove named lanii^ arc of an excellent quality ol every variety
of .soil, well calculated for profitable farminL; and especially
adapted to Fruit, Hay nnd Vegetables for market, nnd con-
lainina more than SOO Fruit Trees-- Said fslale can lie eon-
veiiienlty divided so as lo make three good farms, or i*i^
shop wil'h fiveor six^acres of land ean be sold separately to
suit purchasers.

Tlie above properly if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Piiblic Auction on Thursday the '.7th of March
next at 10 o'clock A. M. on lite premises.

Any gentleman from the city, wishing a handsome siton-
lion for a country residence, or any farmer oi mechaoic wish-
in:: to purchase, may do well to call 8\id view the premises.

Inquire of the subscriber, living near ihc same

„.., . SEltENO FISK.

Billerics, Jan. 19, 1842. ist 17M.

\t'lL.I.IN'>< I.ATKSl" 1.1|l'llO\ Kl» VKUKTAIII.K
I I TI i:it.

This ninebiiie surpasses all others for the purpose of eiii-
liiig Riita I'.aja, Mangel Wurtzcl, aod other rwils The
great objecliim lo other m>ichines, is their cutting ihe roots
into slices, which makes n olmost impossible for the cattle
to gel hold of ihem; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them inlol.irge or small pieces, of such shape as is most
eoneenieiii liirihe cattle to eat. ll will cut with case from
one to two liiish«-l< of roolii ijcr minute.

Forsal. byJOSEI'll BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and Hi North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

L'BTASIO lAMX

Farmers i^i want of Lime for Agricuilural purposes will
find it grcally to their advantage to try the St. George Co'a.
L'Elap.g Linie, said lo be superior for that purpose to any
other ever yet introduced. For sale by DAVID tiAVlA
I'ver ihe Hope lusuraace Oflice, State St., Bosluii-

Sept. R. 3in

FARMER -WANTED.

The advertiser is in want of a man, with or without a
family, to lake the general charge of a small farm. One
that can bring tcsiimonials of uuqnestionaWV good moral
characier, and industrious habiu, and of good acquaiulaiiee
wiih the principles of impvoved husbandry, will learu of a
desbabte sitnnlion by addressing iinmciliaifely post iiaid, box
No. 37 Trovidcncc A. I. 3p Jnn, 19

■POI'WRETTE.

son Barrels Poudrelle mav be had on application to the
subscriber, at S2 per barrel of ./bur bushels each— delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders by mail, enclosing
the money will be |ironiplly alien. icd to, if received soon by
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nas-aust., New Vork.

Jan, 5, H42.

EDMUND T. HASTINGS & CU.
Fore Sperm oil.

No. 101 Slate Si, keep constantly for sale, Winter, Spriai
and Fall Sperm Oil, bleaclied and unbleached ; which Ihej
warrant to be of the best quality and to burn wiihoii
crusting.

Oil Canisters of various sizes.

Ilostoii, Jan. 1,1841. isly

Sl-N DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-re's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the liine
of dav in the garden iir field. Price 75 cents. For sale bj
J. BRECK 4- CO., No SI and 52 North Market St.
Sept 1.

pknce: CHAINS.

Jast received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fciiecs or other purfioscs. F»r sale by J. BRECK &
CO., No. 62 Norih Market st. April 21

GRINDSTONES.

An extensive assortinenl of Water and Hand Grindstoi es
constantly on baud an I lor sale by AMAH C. LOAIUAM'
& CO. 13 Lewis's Wharl. U\t. Nov 17

HOWARDS IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Greai improvements ba>e been made the past year in th«
form and workinanslrto ol- these Plunghs; the lawuld Uard
has been so formed as to Iny I'le fiirroxr ~ji;i/j/e.'«.'y oner,
turning in ererij partfcle of gfnss or sivl'hie, ami lenring the
ground in the b>sl- possMe irnmnfr. The length of lh»
mould board has li( a very rijtirll idcreasc'. so that the
Plough works with the greatest ervse; bulb w.ib ie«pect te
the holding and llie team. The Cominitiee at tile late triai
of Ploughs al Woreesler, say,-

'■ Should our opinio»r>e askerfas lo which of the Plough*
wc shouid prefer lor usf on a farm, we might perhaps wy le
ihe inquirer, ,t vour land is inosliy lisbl andcdsv to wmk,
try Prouty& Mears. bA i/voai fanrf i/Acory, /) /el omW,/.

DEGIN WITH Mh. HoWAa-V.^" ■'•"

At the above mer.f.oi.e Sfeirial iho IToward Pl-ugh tiid
morework,m hihe ^amepmrer of team, ll,n„ any other
plough exhfbiled N.I pii,„ turned more than iwcniyse 'eo
and „„. half inches, lo the 112 lbs. drausbt, «h,lelhe
//oir.ir/ P/nuffh titmerl ltrenlm,i„e and one Im/f ,i,c/,„ u,
Ihc ,„me pmccr of team ! All acknowledge that Howards
Ploughs are much ihe strongest and most sal stantiallT
made. '

There has beeii quite an improvement made on the shoe
or hind side o( this Plough, which can be renewed wiihout
linvMig to luriiish a new lendside. ihi, shoe likewise seci.ie.
the mould hoard nnd laiuiside logelber. atid slreugiheas tlw
I'loiiqh very much.

The^irice of Ihe Pbnifhs is from 86 to Si.t A Plough
Mifficient for breaking up wiih four callle. will cost about
S.O 50, and with culler il, with wheeLaud cutter <2 SA
extra.

The ahcvc' Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail a«
the New F.ni;hiiid Agricultural Warehouse and S-eil Sl.iic
Noa. 51 «t 62 North Markel Str-et. I v '

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.!

Just received by Packet Coromanda,
400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor PloughiiiB
200 " Truck nnd leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For Fale by J. BRECIf t CO
.No. 52 North .'Harkei si. Aprilti '*

240

NEW Ex'^J GLAND FARMER,

TEV1PKRANCR AT WASHINGTON.

\Vc fiiiJ llie following loiter in the Albany Ar-
gus :

W'AsnisGTnM City, Jan. 7, 1842.

E. C. Dtlnvan, Esq. — My Dear Sir — For some
weeks pn«t the tcnif'eranco cnnse in this city has
excited an nniisiml interest, wliicli hiis been follow.
ed by sonn; very extraordinary results, 'rempo-
rance meotin^rs have been held two or three cven-
ing.s every week; the great transparent painting
which I have forwarded to you, ropreRcnlinic the
condition of the drunkard's stomach in the vtirious
sta^'e^ of inleinperaiicc, has been exhibited and ex-
plained ; crowds have thronged the houses to see
and to lieur, and multiliides have signed tlie total
abstinence |»lcdge, many of whom have been aban-
doned drunkards for years. The hearts of the
most despondent are cheered, and we confidently
look forward to the time when this city shall stand
redeemed, and intemperance be swept from the
metropolis of the country.

A riinst animating and glorious scene was wit-
nessed at the meeting of our Freeman's Vigilant
Total Jlbslimnce Societij, held at the .Medical Col-
lege this evening, which I will briefly describe.
The name of 'IMiomas F. Marshall, a member of
Congress from Kentucky, nrphew of the late Chief
Justice Marshall, is doubtless familiar to you. His
intellect is of a very high order, and his mind of
that peculiar and original cast which gives pungen-
cy, power and eloquence to all his eflbrts in the
House of Representatives ; and he possesses also a
warm, generous and philanthropic heart. But
while he has been admired for the splendor of his
genius, and loved for the qualities cf his heart, and
while wp liave felt proud of him as an .American
orator, all have wept over him: yes, all — political
friends and political opponents — have wept over
him as a lost and mined man. But i\us day, Thom-
as F. .Marshall, while in the Hall of Representa-
tives, CMine to the conclusion that he was lost for-
ever, without a spceily ami entire reformation, and
deliberately formed the resolution to join a tempe-
rance society. This evening he was accompanied
by his friend Mr l>rig£;8 and myself to the tempe-
rance meeting at the college, where he placed his
name on the parchment roll, and took the total ab-
Btinenco pledge; after which he rose and made a
most touching and eloquent address, detailing some
interesting incidents in the history of his life. A-
mong other things, he said he was not ashamtd of
the net which he had consiiminnted ; that lie was
not only willing that this step should be known to
the society, but to Congress — to the nation — to
the world. Aflcr he sat down, Mr Briggs rose,
and from an overflowing heart made an address full
of power and jiatlios. Several other hpccches fol-
lowed, and an impression was made upon the audi,
encc which will not soon be effaced. Several oth-
er members of Congress followed Mr Marshall's ex-
ample and placed their names under his upon the roll.

I need not till you, that this '.vent, while it is
destined to heal a mother's woundi, will cause a
whole State — nay, a wliole nation Ut rejoice over
tl»e return of o lost favorite son.

Let us now have the example of the President
snd his Cabinet; let them banish from their tables
and social parties, the use of wine and other intoxi-
cating drinks ; and let the members of Congress
sustain us by the influence of their example, aiul
the great object will soon bo accomplished, and we
shall become a happy, virtuous and wealthy people.
Very truly yours, THOS. SEW ALL.

SELF-PRESUMPTION.
It is with nations as wiili individuals, those who
know the least of others, think th'- highest of them-
selves ; for the w tjole family of pride and ignoiance
are incestuous, and mutually beget each other. —
The Chinese aflcct to despise European ingenuity,
but they cannot mend a commoM watch ; wlieii it
is out of order, they say it is dead, and barter it
away for a living one. The Persians think that
all foreign merchants come to them from a small
island in the northern waters, barren and desolate,
which produces nothing good or beautiful; "for
why else," say ihey, " do tlie Europeans come to iis
for such things, if they are to be had at home?"
The Turk will not permit the sacred cities of Mec-
ca or Aledina to be polluted by the residence or
even footstep -of a single Chris'ian; and as to the
grand Dairo of Japan, he is so holy that the sun is
not permitted to have the honor of shining on his
illustrious head. The king of Malacca styles liiin-
.self lord of the winds ; and the Mogul, to be equal
with him, titles liimscif conqueror of the world, and
his grandees are denominated rulers of the thunder
storm and steersmen of the whirlwind : even the
pride of Xerxes, who fettered the sea, and wrote
his commands to Mount Athos; or of Caligula, who
boasted of an intrigue with the moon, are both sur-
passed by the petty sovereign of an insignificant
tribe in North America, who every morning stalks
ouf^ftf his hovel, bids the sun good-morrow, and
points oui to him with his finger, the course he is
to take for the day: and to complete this climax of
pride and ignorance, it is well known that the
Khan of Tartary, who does not possess a single
house under the canopy of heaven, has no sooner
finished his repast of mare's milk and horse flesh,
than he causes a herald to proclaim from his seat,
that all the princes and potentates of the earth
have his permission to go to dinner! — Lacon.

Walking on Watk.r. — A gentleman of Cin-
cinnati has invented a life preserver, by which tlie
power of locomotion is retained in the water, in an
upright position. It consists of a garment, water
tight to encase the feet, less and to the body near
the arms, and near the latter is fitted a large life
preserver To the hands are fixed paddles. Hav-
ing witnessed an e.xporimcnt in front of the citv,
where the wearer entered the water and passed
down the channel for a distance of fourteen hun-
dred feet, the editor of the Cincinnati Gazette tes-
tifies that the buoyant power of this garment is so
great as to float any one for hours, without getting
wet

Pretiij Fair. — A distinguished counsellor nt
Nantucket, found a ball of yarn in the utreet, and
winding up the thread, he followed it until he ovcr-
.took the lady who dropped the ball and had the
other end of the thread in her pocket. The coun-
sellor made' his polite bow, put on his blandest
smile, and returning her the ball, said, " 1 have
often heard of ladies spinning street yarn, but nev-
er caught one at it before." — JVew Bedford licg.

AGRICULTVRAli IMPLiBMIEN'TS, Ac.

The I'roprictnrs of the New ['.iisLiirl Agricultural 1
house and Seeii :jtnrc Nu. 51 anil 52 Norlli Market i
wnulii in''i)rm iheir ^u^lorIlers and ihe puhlic ^enerallyl
they hiAve on hand the mobt extensive assortment of A
^llhul:ll .ind Horiitullural TooN lo he found in ihc Uj
States. I'arl of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Culiivalors.
too fircene's Straw Cutters.
60 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shcllers.
60 (."^iiinmon do do.
2,.0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutters
50 Common do. -do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles,
ion Ox Yokes.
15U0 Doz- Scythe Stones.
3000 '■ Austin's Uifles.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Steel Sho
150 " Common dq
100 " Spades.

Grass Scytlwa,.

nteni Snaillis.

Common do.

Hay Kakes.

Garden do.

Manure Korks.]

Hay do.
500 Pair Trace Chains,
luo " Truck do.
100 Drall do.
500 Tie up do.

SO doz. Haller do.
inoi) yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on roll

600
3U0
200
600
200
200
300

APPL.K PARISUS.

Ju>l received at the New Kn3land Agricultural ..
house, No 61 and 62 North Market Street, a good sup|l
Sl.anli:/s Siipciinr Apple Parcr.t, a very useful article. \
one of these machines a liushel of apples may he par*,
a very short lime in the best possible manner, and wilhg^
saving of the apple, as ihe outside-s may he taken oA'all
required thickness. The ahove is also ior s-alc at N. PJ
WILLIS", No 4.5 North Market Stre.'i, SCUDI>Ell, Cf
DISvV CO., and HOSMER& TAPP.AN, Milk Street.]

Sc|Jl. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & Cd

GKt.;EBI'S PATENT STRAW CUTTEB.

A good story is related of President Humphrey,
of Amherst College. One morning belorc rccila-
tioiis, some of the students fastened u live goose to
the President's chair. When he entered the room,
and discovered the new occupant of his sent, iio
turned upon his heel and coolly observed, " (ion-
tlemen, i perceive you have a competent instruc-
tor, and I will therefore leave you to your studies."

JOSEPH BRECK & CO i:nTlandA^

tural Warehouse and Seed S;... ...-. ,., ..iul,''.2 Norllrl

kit Street, have for sale, Grecirs Patent Straw, Hbt
Stalk Cutler, operating ou a nicchaniccl principle not f
ap')!ied to aay implemeiil lor this purpose. The moRt|
iiieiit efTecis uf tins application, and >ome of the coo
peculiarities of the inacliine are :

1. So great a red'uction of the quantum of power re
to use it, that the strenglh of a halfgtown boy is sud
to work it elliciently.

2. Willi even this moderate power, it easily cuts two!
els a ninute, which is full twice as fast us has been di
liy any other machine even when worked by horsbor I
power.

3. The knives, ovrinfr to the peculiar manner in whicL
I ui, require sharpeuiug less often than those of anyjl
sirjw cutter.

4. The machine is simple inils construction, made an
together very strongly. It is therefore not so liable
cuiiiplicaled machines in general use to gel out ofc

WIIIMDSTONBS, ON KRICTIUX ROL.

Grindstones ol diirereut sizes hung on friction rullei
moved with a fool trcadcr, is lound to be a great iinpi
n;enl on the present mode of hanging gri:.dsloncs,
ease with which they move ujwu the rollers, renders
very easy In turn with the loot, by which the labor 4.
man is saved, and the person in the act of giiiidingj
^ovcr.n the stone more in his mind hy having the coot
control of his work. Stones hung in this manner ai
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give lii
sal salisfaciiun. The rollers can he attached to stones
in the comiiKui wav.

For sale iv JOSEPH BUECK & CO., Nos. 61
North Mai ket BoMon. July i

^ E W F, N (; I, A N I) F A K M K R .
A wi-.KKi.v p.^rKn.
1'emis, fi per year in advance, or $2 .VJ ifnol
within thirty days.

N. B. — Hiistiiiaslera arc permitted by law to frank
siibscriptiiins and reiiiitlanccs for newspapers, wil'
expenaa to •uborribers.

VDTTLt ARC DEHRETT, PKIMTK&S.

AND II O R T I ( U L T U R A L R E (i I S T E R .

PUULIbHF.U BV JOSKPH BREOK <c CO., NO. 62 NOttTH MARKET STIIEKT, (Aaiiioui.Tu«AL WabiiioubO-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WRDNKSnAY EVENING, rEBRTT.\RY 2, 1845.

CWO. 31.

N. E. FARMER

POTATOES,
itir Form indicniinz their Vnfitntss for Particu-
lar Stils. — Clover.
In our paper of Jan. 1!), we ■roticed a question

by a corn'sponili'iit in Providence, wliicli was
these worild : "Wlial is llie best variety of po.
o for liglit I inds ?" We ihi-n recommended tli '
cnanjo, because wc Ijad found this doing n--
rkalily well on liglit peat lands. Xnt in tlils
6 the soil at the depth of two or three inches
ow the surface, was quite mcist. And in such

tuation the variety rrcommendcd will undoubt-
y do well. But if the lif^ht soil of our corres-

denl is also a dry soil, then in the opinion of

Plunkctt, of Pitt.-jfielij, (whose valuable remaiks
the ajricnitural meeting in the Stale House, "o
orted last week,) a round, or oblong round, vari-

would do best. Wo would ask particular nt-
tion to the whole statement of !\lr Plunkett, for
ugh brief, it contains more valuable facts and
-^cslions relating to the potato crop, than are

n furnished even in elaborate articles upon the
ject

Repetition of the Clover Crop. — Our corrcspon-
t nsked "how many years should elapse between
plowing up uf a clover sud and seeding again
1 clover ?" The common statement among
jlish writers is six. But the time varies appa-
;ly according to the amount of gypsum in the
: where that is abundant, this crop will bear
ating every lliree or four years — as often, in-

d, as one may wish to apply it. But where one
I of clover exhausts nearly all the gypsum
ch the soil contains, it is useless to repeat the
I until tiie soil can obtain from the atinos|)here
:w supply of this food of clover, unless you
s the land with plaster or with ashes contain-
the principal ingredients of plaster. Iftiii< be

e, clover may do well, immediately after clover,
doubt, however, whether it will answer to re-

. this crop lor any considerable number of tirne«,
iciliatcly after itself, unless one should apply
ctable matter freely lo the soil as well as gyp-
in some one of its forms. — Eo. N. E. F.

For the N. E. Farmer.

Do you know wlmt will be best lo do?

What will prevent the grubs at llic roots of cab-
bages ?

I have some flourishing plum trees. Three in-
ches above the ground, they arc all three times as
large as they are at the surface. Would it be well
to raise tho earth a few inches, so that roots inny
protrude from iho large part of the trees? I have
placed slakes around tli'-iM and lied them, to pre-
vent them from breaking down in gales of wind.

I have generally been annoyed by the potato
worm. Laatspring, before pl;i«ing, spread lime
about half an inch thick, on half the piece I intend-
ed to plant; on the other I ."pread as much unleach-
ed ashes. After plowing 1 did the same. Where
I put the ashes I had scarcely any worms. Where
I put the lime I had not one.

When I set out my cabbages, I tried several
kinds of manures, but I found none so good as
that which I took from a place where I had cut
and sawed my wood for twenty years. The chips
had decomposed, and there was about a foot deep
of black mould. The largest I had weighed twen-
tyoight pounds. Where I put old barn manure,
the largest was about 17 or 18 pounds.

I take your e.vcol lent paper, the .Veu? England
Farmer, in which if you will answer the above ques-
tions, (if you think them worth answering,) you
will confer a favor on several of your eubscribers.
Yours, respectfully,

ALLEN COFFIN.
■■Edgartown, Dec. 16, 1841.

(E^We saw this worm that destroys vines, last
year, for the first time. Complaints of its ravages
were very common in this vicinity. We seardied
for it at various times, but genera. ly it had left the
vine before our ciamination. In ii few instances
we found it however; and we found also that it
had passed through the centre of the main root ;
and we inferred that it commenced its work an
inch or two below the surface of the ground and
worked its way upward. If such were the course
of its movement, the soot, lime and ashes of course
would alToid no protection. We cannot name any
preventive that has been proved valuable liy expe-
riment, but will name the application wo oesign to
make next season, which is salt in the manure. This;
may be used at the rate of 0 or 8 bushels in the
manure for an acre ; at this rate it iias been found
highly destructive to vermin in England, and has
also been favorable to tho growth of plants.

To cabbages, or rather the soil on which they
grow, we will suggest the same application after
the plants are up.

" There is, perhaps, no agricultural «se of com-
mon salt more undoubted than in the dcptruclion of
vermin. The elTect, loo, is direct, and the result
immediately apparent. For this purpose, from five
to ten bushels per acre are abundantly sutiicieiit.
The agriculturist need be undtr no apprehen.iion
that the salt will destroy his crop, for 20 bushels
of salt per acre may be applied to young wheal
with perfect safely : I have seen even ii bushels
used with advantage. Ad opportunity should be

selected when the weather is mild and moist, but
not rainy — when iho land is damp but not wet
And salt should never be sown when (he aun ia
shining ; but either early in the morning or laic is
the evening; alter suiMOt. We sow at ihe rnto of
4 or 5 bushels per acre. In the morning each
throw may be digtingiiished by the quantity of
slime and number of dead slugs lying on th«
ground." — Johnson on Monuiei.

The whale oil soap which has been found ao d*-
structive to slugs, is worthy of triftl. Makn'rironr
suds, and water the ground with them in the eve-
ning.

The swellings on the plum stocks, if they are not
grafted is caused by the worm that infests that tree,
and the earthing up ulone will be of no service.
The worm must be cut out ; the diseased bark taken
off; the earth scraped away around the roots and
new earth applied. But we should not expect
benefit (roin attempting to get a new set of roota.
If the bunches are merely the expansion irf the
scion, in consequence of its being of a more thrifty
kind than the stock, it may look a little better !•
draw the earlh up around It ; but this, if it caused
new roots, would give the Iree a tendency to form
tt'ood rather than fruit, and is not a desirable course.
The trees are very well as they are. — Ed.

NEW METHOD OF WORKING FOUR HOR-
SES.

At a lato plowing match for experimenting oft
the qualities of varioLS plows, held at Rozcllc, by
the Ayrshire Agricultural A^ociati;n, it becamt
necessary to use lour horses, iJnd to test the force
exerted, two dynamometers were required. The
report thus describes the manner in Mrhich this was
accomplished :

" In treating of the draft of the horses, it may be
useful to notice an expedient lliat was adopted to
measure heavy implements requiring a draft of
eighty stones, while the scale of the dyiiamometcra
individiiiilly, extended only to seventy stones. The
horses were yoked two and two to the ends of •
runner chain, which was p.nssed round an iron
sheave [pulley wheel] attached to the plow's bridle.
The hind pair of horses were yoked to the short,
end of the chain, while the foremost pair were
yoked to the other end, lengthened out EUfficicnOjr
to give freedom of action, and each pair drew by a
set of common swingtrccs, with a dynamometer air
tachedtoeach set of trees. In this manner the
two dynamoinotere were found to indicate, with all
the precision that could be desired, that equal f«rc«
was exerted by each pair of horses, the sum of (he
forces being the real draft of Ihe implement. Thm
method of yoking four horses, be it observcil, is one ■
of the best now employed. It is simple and cfTec-'
live, equaliring the draft to the whole four, in ar
manner aa perfect bb it is possible to approach,"

The reasonableness of ibis statement will b<-
once apparent lo every practical man, cortair' '
every teamster. Such know that «hi'n foi- ■'." ;
are worked in the usual way, a much I '■■ '' »''**

.r.rer otO'

portion of drafit, in nine cases out of ten, istal«en
ty one of the teams llian by the other, and llie or-
dinary mode of lianiessini; and worl<in<r, renders
the equalization of dralt impossible. This preat
desideratum is easily effueted in the manner men-
tioned above. — Albany Cull.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

FEB. a, is4a.

FAIJLEOF THE CHICKENCOCKS .-IND THE

HENS,
IHierein some very wise precepts are inculciilcd per-
taining to the rifihti and duties of the gentler sex
of the poultry yard, and females ge.nkbally.
It happened upon ii time, if fables be true, that
the fowls in the barnyard of u certain neighbor-
hood, became awiiliened to an unusual dej ci; o(
interest in all subjects pertaining to their own well
bein<T, and tlial of their race in general.

They gathered into groups, or as men would
say, into "conventions," and at these palhsrings
they crowed and cackled, and clapped their wings
and did all other things in manner and form as
such creatures do, when they are deliberating upon
matters of moment to their:solves and others. 'I'hings
had proceeded thus for a long time, and many plans
designed to produce the most happy influence upon
the social condition of chickens, and of birds in
general, had been devised, and were in process of
exxcution, when certain hens got it »ito their iieads,
that the part which they acted in public concerns
vas not ju!<t so important and imposing as it might
be ; and to this opinion agreed certain of the roost-
ers. In this state of things, it was agreed that al
subsequent gatherings of the chickens, these dis-
nflected lions should stand up and participate in
the doings of the assembly, just as the roosters
had been accustomed to do before; and thus, as

believed it did to others, very coarse and uncome-
ly in them. He said farther, in the third pUce,
tliat in the public nieotiugs of tlie fowls, as ll>ey
' were nofenlirely perfect in llieir nature, it oflen
occurred that there were some contentions in the
best assemblies, about who should speak, and what
should be said ; and that sometimes there arose a
great degree of. heat in deciding the matter of
right; — and just at this point, advancing one of
his legs, he displayed quite a respectable spur,
which, he said, enabled liim to maintain his rights,
and their interests. 'I'hese, he said, they were
without ; and allhoagb he hoped never to have oc-
casion to use his spurs, (and he was ojjposed to us-
ing tlicm except in self-defence,) yet they indicated
that when contention existed, as the Creator had
furnished him, and other roosters with weapons of
defence, and had not given such implements of de-
fence to the hens, it was very clear to his mind,
that hens were not designed to have any thing to
do with scenes of contcniion. He likewise quoted
a certain record which all professed to regard as
authority in matters of duty, and showod them that
the teachings of this record were directly opposed
to tlieir present intentions. In conclusion, he add-
ed, that if the hens had a desire to control public
affuir-s, he would tell them a method by which thoy
could have more influence than any other class in
the coinmunily of fowls. That was this. The
little chicks, he said, were all con^mittej to their
charge, for several months of their life. During
this period, their minds were just in that slate tliat
impressi(;n3 migiit be made, that would influence
their conduct in all after life. Now, said he, you
can make your influence felt in all al'ter ages ;
and the future governors of the barn-yards may be
controlled in a great measure by the principles
which you inculcated during their minority. Thus

they said, equality would be promoted, and the ac

tive wisdom of the roost be brought to bear upon 1 y,n, „,j|| \^a.\ic greater influence than any other

the subject in hand. An old rooster who was ac-
customed to look a good deal into the nature of
things, and who was not easily carried awaj' with
the new-fangled notions of the younger birds, re-
«ionstrate<l against this procedure of these hens,
and stated many grave and weighty reasons, show-
ing the absurdity and folly of their intentions. Af-
ter mounting upon a fence, and clapping his wings^
and crowiii!.', to engage attention, he presented tho
oaso something as follows: — In the first place, it
was not convenient at all times for the liens to
leave the little chickens, to attend to public affairs.
It was exceedingly important, he said, that the lit-
tle creatures should be attended to, and nature
seemed to have devolved that duty upon the hens,
and to turn aside from it, to act in a, sphere for
which nature had not designed them, ho thought
would be "strange and unnatural." In the second
place, he said that there were insuperable barriers
in their way, which they could never surmount.
For instance, their voice was not of that kind which
was suitable in addressing public assemblies ; but
it was of a mild and sweeter lone, and better
adapted to please and interest in the social circle

class, in determining tho character of public roost
ers; And certainly, he added, they might per-
ceive that to have the business of forming the
oharacler of the governors, and then take- tho field
as public chickens themselves, would bo attending
to more than their share of public matters.

The old bird said ho had but a single word to
say to those roosters who had fnvored this folly of
the hens, and then-he would fly down. It was t.'iis
— that it ap|)oaredtn him it would be much moie
easy for them to doft" tlieir combs- and their spurs,
and to have the flash featheis in their nils pulled
out, and thus acoommodale them.«clves to liio ap-
pearance and duties ol the hens, than for the hens
to assume their nppenrance and duties.

Whilst this addre.-is was being delivered, it was
perceived that the disafiocted hens, and those
rooNters who had made common cause with them,
turned their eyes askant, and closed their ears
against the unanswerable arguments of their coun-
sclloi. And no sooner did ho fly down, than one
of the most forivard of the biddies flapped her
wings, and moved the following resolution: That
the crowings and cacklings of tho chiukencocks

It was true, he said, that hens might crow, and he

hud heard them attempt it, but it always appeared ""<■• ■^"'"''^'y '"" "' '"'^"' ""'' """ ""=y n^'"'"

to him a very ridiculous and unnatural business. ''"^"^'^ "'" "=""« °f chickencock, chanticleer, no

lie added, furthermore, that in public speaking a
certain amount of red, or brazen color seemed, to
, be necessary about the physiognmny, and this, he
• remarked, snmc roosters possessed man uncommon
••.''rgrce, Avhile the hens were enliri'ly without it ;
r=nnd ''■ OS he remarked, they ondeaviirerl to assume
1 this b«,i.''.cn appearance, it appeared to him, and he

roostor 6'. C. Temp, .^rfij.

Great difliculty is frequently experienced when
glass is accidentally broken, in removins the old
putty. Moisten the putly with nitric or muriatic
acid, and it may he removed at once. Strong soap
will likewise loosen it in a few hours.

From the Alliany Culiivaior.

ON FEEDING APPLES TO STOCK.

^f|'ssrs. Editors — Permit me to call the atter"
tion, through your valuable jmirnal, the Cull ii ate
of my brother farmers, to the subject of fecdip*"
apples ; and especially of those who have I
orcharil.", remote from market, and make cidei
them, and ihen perchance sell it at a dollar
barrel — as I think I caa ^how. them that they i
dispose of '.hem to much better advantage by
ing llifin to their cows and swine. Boih are^
ceedlngly fond of them. V am well aware t
there o.Nists a great pK'judice against this prac(i(
but ei<;lit years' experience warrant me in sayi
that it is not supported by fads, and that it is m
prejudice. The common opinion is, ih-it app
dry up milch cows, and many tliink that tliey i
kill tlieui. I have oflen heard farmers relate ii
they !n^t a valuable cow or o.\, and how suci
noighbor's cows broke into his orchard one nil
and he lost a number of them, and those that i
not die, neajly or quite lost tlieir milk. Now j
same result would have followed had tJie cows
to a pile of potatoes or bin of oats. But I
confess that I was a believer once myself, and
deed came very near losing a very valuable cow, i
by eating too many apples, about ten years a
It dried up her milk entirely ; thus contirming
the arguments against apples; and I assure y
was most careful thereafter to keep my cows fi
eating th?m. But thanks to a kind and unkni
friend in Vermont, who sent me a paper contai
his experiments in feeding apples tw milch co
which appeared to me so satisfactory that I at oi
determined to make a trial of it. I told my hi
man whati Intended to do ; he objected strongjj i
and advised me not to do it, using the old argo- i
ments, &c. But I was determined upon makinf I
the trial, and not to be dissuaded from my purpose, i
Accordingly I commenced feeding my cows a peck i
apiece the first night and agiiin next morning and !
evening; on-the third day I had increased
quantity to half ii bushel n.orning and night,
this time there was an increase of milk fully
third. The fourth and frith days I gave them th
pecks apiece, morning and night, but ihcK
not a corresponding increase of inifk. I then ga»i
them a bushel each. They ate then) the first,
cond and third time, but tliere was a decrease
then went back to half a bushel, and an increoi
of milk followed. This satisfied me that a liiishel
twice a (lay was too much, and produced injurioi
efi'ects. I regret that I did not follow up the ex|
riment with one cow, and note the result. I
over two hundred bushels that fall and was vi
much pleased with my first experiment.

And while I was paying strict altention as
their efl'ect upon the quantity of milk, I wa!
unmindful to note tho quantity of the cream
butter, and found that it fully corresponded wil
the increased quantily of milk, and that the butltt
was of superior quality. The apples were abool
three fourths sour and one fourth sweet, ripe, gnl
ed fruit; and eight years' experience has lully
isfiednie that apples are perfectly ImruileKM;
they will not kill cows nor dry their milk any mi
than potatoes, pumpkins or grain; but wlicn cal
to excess, have an injurious effei-l, dry up ibi
milk, and I have no doubt have often killed col
I>et Ihem get used to them gradually, and llicr*
no danger. It ig the eating to excess that di
the mischief.

hXl

wu
shel

will

I

vol.. XV. NO. .11.

AND H 0 R T 1 C U L T U K A L R E G 1 S T E R

24S*

(tavin<; hlatod lo yon my rxporii'iici' in fecilini;

f\e» ('I c>in'i<, 1 will ntid Uiat of lociliii); tlicin to

^. My lirst c.xpaniiiont was only » pnrliul one,

sn I rmicil my liojrn uii appios ami cum. My

ond, "Bs live yi-ars uf^, «jid more to tlio point.

1(1 llicii a lar;;c i|uanlily ufapplci); iho price in

■ket »va-> loo low lu pjy transportation. 1 nc-

in^ly turnttd my hcjps into llio orchard, about

lOlli !*oplembcr, to hrip llieiDSclvcs, and tliey

the slop of tlio kitclii'ii be.'suleM. When dre«3-

lliey averaged a trifle over 300 lbs. — »<;c SBven-

nionlh.s. Three years »<rn, h.»viiig a^ain a

e quantity ot°apple<i, my ho<;ii were served aa

ire; when dressed, they avcraeud «i"i.'> lbs —

sixteen oinl n hall" months. W'antinij to keep

a couple of weeks longer after my apples

gone, (I only tVed thcin windfulis,) I fed iheni

but they cviilenlly I'ell away. The reason of

probably was, that tiieir teeth had bocoinc ten-

inJ the corn was too hard for them. One

ago my liojis were nnniii fatted on apples,

n dressed averaged a trilie less than 300 lbs.,

pliiig one liog, which would not take ou any

tall.

s to the quality of the park, it is equal to any
don corn, or other substances. If any one
ts it, let him coinu and dine with me, and -he
be convinced. Many fanners in this section
got in the right way, and feed all they ean-
ell, to Uioir hogs, and it gives nie great plea-
in slatmg, from nuinero<is inquiries I have
, that they are hinhly gnilified with tin piac-
If boiled, it improves them materialJy, and
'ho have experience in this matter, agree in
on that a bushel of apples are worth as tn'jcli
Itening hogs, as a bushel of potatoes.
do not mean, however, to be undcrstoo<l that
ise every farmer to feed his apples. Loca-
price in market facilities to it, and cost of
portation, ought to be taken into account; but
r than sell them at a very low price, and catt
a day's drive besides, or make elder of them,
ell that at a dollar a barrel, I would feed them,
n that manoer convert I hem into cash.
Yours, very respectfully,

H. D. GROVE.
inhVJfc'* Bridge, JST.Y., Dec. 1841.

DWELLINGS OF THE POOR IN ENG-

L.\ND.

he London Morning Chronicle observes very

' Iq all large towns, how wretched arc the

itacles of the poor, their miserable liabita-

! Property has been left to work its own

and make the most of every square inch of

. " The same room," says the Statistical lie-

of the Leeds Town Council, " containing

000 feet of atmo.?pheric air, sometimes serves

t diy and sleeping apartment of a whole

V. There is no provision for ventilation ; and

Id and the young, the sick and the healthy,

iridled together, three, fo;ir, or even six pcr-

in a bed. Amidst such inJiscriiiiinate as-

ages of persons of either sex, the decencies

; must be lost sight of, the obligations of

ity forgotten, and contagious diseases dlffus-

th fearful celerity." Manchester, Liverpool

ondon abound in these pestilential rookeries.

pay the proprietors better than decent dwell-

Old buildings in close courts arc bought

song, when they ought to be pulled down,

!t in small portions, every avenue being built

up, that It may yield its rent. nrninago, »owcr-
nj;L', or any provision whatever tor clcanlini'S!! or
wliolosomenesH, it never dreamed of by this clasM
of landlords, nor ever will until they are compell-
ed hy Itw. Ill the motriipolis, a corporation im-
provement occasionally clears away eoiiiu of llicsc
ih'iis of disease uiid dcmorali/.Hiioii ; but the in-
ha'bitants arc only driven a little fiirlher out of
iii^'ht, to some similar nest of nastinciw ; perhaps
lifter having, iis lately happened, to take .shelter lor
a few nights under the arches of n railway. In
' laying out a brood, new street, it is never planned
to raise any other than lof^y and spacious dwell
' lugs. The poor ore driven back by street im-
pnivemcnts, like beasts into a jungle. The build-
I uig and drainage bill of Lord Normanby, intro.
j duced last spring, however imperfect in some of
I its details, was a noble attempt to grapple with tliis
I wide-spread nuisance. It has been pushed asnlc
; by the monopolist conflict. The cxciteinont of
j changing a government, in order to ^iphold a bread
I tax, loaves no leisure Ibr considering whether liu-
j man beings may not be lodged with a. little more
I of the comfort enjoyed by dogs and horses —
I '^ My tiger spring most crush thee in its path,

'Butcannut ainy to pity thoe."

By the Leeds report just quoted, it appears that
in that town alone there are upwards of 13,000
children who do not go to school at all, besides al-
lowing 10,000 for such as are too young, or are un-
iivoidably prevented. The fact is a frightful one.
It could not happen were the poor properly cared
for by a legislature. It is a horrible disgrace on a
country possessing millions per annum for educa-
tional purposes. Nor would it be the case, were
the parents themselves in a thriving condition.
Amongst the city poor, at least, there is no con-
tempt for education, nor disregard of its advanta.
gcs. But they need their children's work. Or
they, and rightfully, po.>tponc the purchase of
learning to the purchase of bread. It must wait
its turn ; and the turn never comes.

The following is better : —

The Liverpool Mechanic's Institution cost no
more than £15,000 ; contains up>vards of 3,-'i00
members ; 850 pupils in three day schools ; COO
pupils in 15 or Iti evening classes ; has 50 leach-
ers regularly employed, whose salaries amount to
£5,000 a year ; -a library of 7,000 volumes, with
1,300 readers, and a daily distribution of '.JOO vol-
umes ; and public lectures twice a week, attended
by audiences varying from 600 to 1300.

BOILED CABBAGES FOR SWiNE.
To the Editor of ihe Farmer's Cabinet :

Sir — I notice that one of your correspondents.,,
in the November number of the ('abinet, recom-
mends boiled cabbages as a whiilesome and eco-
nomical food for swine. My experience, which,
in regard to these animals, is not inconsiderable,
does not confirm that opinion. ' I have never been
able to induce my hogs to eat boiled cabbages with
avidity ; on the contrary, they have generally slioiwi
a marked aversion to them, unless they were com-
bined with a pretty strong proportion of grain of
some kind; anil even then, I havodouhtcd whether
the cooking process made the cabbages more con-
ducive to the health and nourishment of the ani-
mals, than agreeable to their palates. If, as it has
been said, brutes, particularly swine, have an in-
stinctive partiality for both such sorts and sueh
preparations of food as arc most congenial to tiietr

ciiimtitutions ; and it°, an I have heard, the intei--
liiies of a hog arc m^ro like those of a man, tli»B
orf the intestines nf any other domritie onimal,
the preference of nwino for raw rathrr than boiled
cabbages, may be accounted for. Vou have prolra-
bly seen llio work of Dr. Beaumont, dcrenhinj the
cxperinicnls made by him in rclolion to the com-
parative digestibility of food in the Homach of the
soldier, wliose side, having been pierccil by a mus-
ket ball, loft a hole when the wound healed, big
vnough to carry on such experiments with accuracy.
The doctor puts down raw cabbage as having bcc»
about as ciisy again for Ins ))alieiit to digest, as
boiled. So, 1 have no doubt, hogs find it, oncl
therefore prefer it. My experience too, has con>
vinoed me that hogs not only prefer raw cabbage
to boiled, but to any other vegetable, whether
conked or raw, If given alone ; and that they will
cat raw cabbage first, when given to them at the
sumo time with other vegetables, whether cooked
or not. I have never succeeded in attempts to
make rtiy hogs cat raw carrots, parsneps, or white
turnips. Yellow turnips they will devour as if they
liked them ; but Miave often thought that, even of
these they prcferied the lops to the root,'. BeeU,
of which they relish both the tops and roots, I nm
inclined to think, make, with shorts or bran, and a
due proportion of salt, and ashes, the best and
cheapest winter food for store swine.

As to the coinparatrvc economy of cooked or
raw food for swine in general, I have no doubt
that, with the exception of cabbages, all vegeta-
bles, and all grain without exception, will go much
further if thoroughly boiled than when raw; but
the cost of the boilrng apparatus, of fuel, and of the
labor necessary for the purpose, must be wkcn into
consideration; und if they bo, it will be found that
for a email number of hogs — say less than twenty
or thirty — raw food will bo cheaper than cookcA
BRAWN.

Haertem, iiear If'nshington, D. C.

In this vicinity, we believe it will pay well to
cook food for a much smaller number of hogs than
that above suggested. — Ed. N. E. F.

T+ie following is ridiculous. May we never
fear the people or love ourseWos so much, on thfs
side of the Atlantic, as to attempt to monopolize
the salt water or any other of the great Creator's
gifts.

•' It is contrary to law in France to take even a
pitcher -of water from the sea, lest it shoald he
evaporated, for the sake of gaining an ounce oT
salt, and avoiding the payment of duty. The
Sentinel -des Pyrenees informs us, that a servant
who was taking a pail of water from the sea, at
Briarrits, a few days ago, for a bath for a child who
wos ill, was perceived by a custom-house officer,
who instantly compelled her to throw it iiack, and
return with the en\pty pail. — Ca/ignam.

Rich MUk. — A Lancashire farmer in the London
Farmers' Magazine says: — "I have a cow in my
stock which has had five calves, two of which she
has dropped since she came into my possession.
She is now giving not less than 2(1 quarts of milk
diily, ond this anrearing of superior richness, in-
duced me to try wlint weight of butter her milk for
se\-cn days would give; Ihe trial was completed,
yesterday, and the butter weighed 22 lbs. 3 1-2 oa,-'
I had a cow ten years ago, which gave 20 lbs. (J"
oz. in a week."

l^ A

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

FED. a, 1^43,

3^^

FATTENING SHEEP. | Co8t of feed brought over, $158 11

'Hjc Ijcsi age for eelectinij wellxira to fiitten, is SaJes of above sheep, (U at $4 each, and 5i

at $4 OJJ eacli — advunco on 114,

175 16

'from tl jree to five years old. They must be fed
with I jje utmost regiilarily and exactness; slrang-
■ era n just not be suffered to go ainong them ; and
t'le p-eatcst pains must be taken not to disturb or
•'o tm them. If folded, fifty are as many as should

cv -jer be put in one enclosure, and a less number a„)on,r thernl and the sa'le affected by a large ' '"*'"'^'"^'' '" ''''^ '"'"••'^ ^"'' they arc in the habS
■ oould be bettor. There should be a shed under , „u„,|,er in the market on the day they were offere^d. I °^ sending annually many very fut shopp to Brighf*
^vhich they may take shelter at their pleasure, and , jj^^ ^i^^^ 1^^^!^ ^^..^.^j ^ ^^^^^^^^ earlier, Ihey would 1 o" mnrkot. The ordinary commissiona chargi
•whore they may always find a dry bed ; and their | (^^^.^ broii<rhl as much as at the time they were ! ^°' driving fat sheep from Connecticut river to B(

These are the most exict experiments which)

have cnme within my knowled;,"' in regard to tHtfl

fatting of wethers. The resnlt is in n degree sabV^

jeot to the same caprices and fluc:iiation8 as tWr

Net balance in favor orf the sheep, $17 05 j fatting of beef: but in general, imder good moi

N. B— It was noted that the thrift of the above ' agement, it affords a compensatory return. TM

sheep was injured by the prevalence of the foot-rot | to*"" "f Shelburne and Conway, arc particularl'

yards, likewise, should be always abundantly lit
tered, because if suffered or compelled to stand in
wet yards, where there exists a predisposition, tliey
are liable to become infected with the foot-rut, a
jnost troublesome disorder, and fatal to all thrift, scp-
erate from its infectious character, which will cause
it to diffuse itself rapidly through a large flock.
Their feeding troughs likewise, and mangers, should
Be kepi thoroughly clean, and their yards well sup-
plied with pure water. In selecting slieop for stall
fieeding, the fine-wooled kinds often make up for
want of size in the superior value of the fleece.

This matter is of so much importance to the far-
mers in the interior, that I shall go more at large in-
to it, and illustrate it by some actual experiments,
of which I have received an authentic account.
]. I'iXperiment in stall-feeding sheep.
Forty wether sheep from 2 to 3 years old. Cost
f!],'J'J each. Put up 1st December ; sold 5th March,
at S4 per head in the yard.
Feed.
From 1 Deo. to 15 Dec. 1 gill of corn per

day, 600 gills.

" 15 Dec. to 21) Dec. 2 gills « " 1120 '
" 20 " to 14 Feb. 3 " " » 5640 '

sold. Ill regard to circumstances of this nature, I '""-"" '"''""i '"•<'"'>'''ve cents to thirlythree co:
no certain calculations can be made ; but they il- I each ; hfly cents are sometimes charged, whei
luslrate the caprices to which all such operations the sheep are remarkably valuable
are liable. ' ^^'" s"''J"'" some miscellaneous notes, whi

I will serve to illustrate the general mode of ked|
3. E.xperiment in stall-feeding sheep. I ing sheep.

180 wether sheep of superior size and condition D. I!, has sixty wother sheep in preparation
were put up to be stcll-fed on the 1st of December. ' market. He allows them as much hay as tl

125 delivered on the 11th Feb. were sold at $5
per head.

55 delivered on the ]8lh Feb., were sold at $5
25 per head.

Cost of the above sheep:

118 wother sheep at $2 50 pvr head, $2f>5 00

2 " cosset sheep at .S3 per head, G CO

CO " sheep at S3 OtJ 1-2 per head, 183 75
Commissions for purchase and driving, 25 cts.

each, 45 CO

Interest on $530 at 10 per cent including

risks, 13 25

Equal to 283-4 bush.
From 14 Feb. to 5 March, 1 bush, per
day, to 40 sheep, 10

Total of corn, 47 3 4 bubh.

Prom 1 Dec. to 10 iah. 3 bu. of tur-
nips per day, 123

Trom 10 Jan. to 5 March, between 5

and 6 bush., siy 5 1-2, 297

Total of IWrnips, 420 bush.
Hay by estimation, 2000 lbs. at $10.
xCo.-n 47 3-4 bush, at ,50 cents, $24 00

Turn ips, 420 " at 10 cents, 42 00

Hay,2c''00 lbs. at $10, 10 00

^03t of 4v? sheep at $1 92 each,

$543 00
Produce consumed in fatting the above sheep:

$51 DO

519 bushels turnips at 10 cts. per bush.
151 " of corn at 75 CIS. per bush.
Hay at 2 1-2 lbs. per day each, 33,;i()-J lbs
Tons 10, 1,362 lbs. at $8 per 2000 lbs.

will cat, and three pecks of corn and two bushel
of potatoes daily among the whole. He will
degrees, increase their feed.

A. A. has seventy five fatting sheep, and havii
lately addi-d to their (ecih gives them five pecl
of corn per day, rind one bushel of potatoes, with
much hay as they will consume, feeding them fl'
times a day. He mentions the case of an excel!
flock of sheep, which were fatted upon corn, wil
liberty to go to a stock of pour meadow at thi
pleasure. To use his own expression, " the col
did the work." The quality of the hay docs
seem important.

0. N., one of the best feeders in the count
has fiftyfive sheep in one yard. At d.iylight
gives them a feed of corn, dividing it so as to gi
the flocl; about one bushel and a pi'ck in thecou:
of the day ; after that, ii foddering of hny ; at nil
o'clock, another foddering of liay ; at twelve
clock, another feeding of corn, the sane as in
morning; after which, another feeding of hay; at
four o'clock, P. M., another feeding of hay and the
same measure of corn as before. He think* it
best to have them finish their eating by ni;;!]'. *■)

I as not to be disturbed after durk; and that K.^y

$72 IC relish their corn host at night.

N. I), and G. D. liavo one hundred and
fatting sheep. Feed with corn and hay; bcgi
with one pint, and now average about one quart
corn per day. Their sheep are uncommonly fi:
T)io live weight of one, 180 lbs.

1. N. has one hundred wetliors ; fifty of them

1 13 25
J33 44

$841 .59
913 75

76 80

$1.52 80
PtoceeJs of saLi « $4 nQh,5th March, 160 00

$7 20
Manure consiu'ercd eouivalent to the attendance.
2. Experiment it.' 8tall-.'"ceding sheep.
Dec. 9lh. Put up to be stall-fed ,50 wether sheep,
" 17lh.
•' 16lh. "

Cash received for above sheep,

Net balance in favof of the sheep.

Note. — The amount of hay charged as above,
was matter of estimate rather than of measurement.
Twenty of the above flock, put by themselves and
fed as fully as possible, consumed in three days,
150 lbs. ; and in the succeeding four days, 155 lbs.
or 305 lbs. in seven days=2 5-2S lbs. each per day.
On a previous trial of this kind of a flock of sheep \ ^ s»per'or character. To the one hundred, giv(
of a smaller average sixe, the consumption of hay ""^ bushel, honped measure, of oil meal per d"

12

114 at two and a
half dollars each, .$285.

Feed consumed by them as follows:
Swedish turnips (rula baga,)S62 bu. at 10c. $86 20
English flat turnips, 125" .5c. 6 25

Indian corn, 37 " 70c. 25 90

Hay (rowcn'i 9942 lbs. at 40 cts. per 100 lbs. .39 7(1

was equal to 1 48-100 each per day

From a3,362 lbs. diduct I 5=26,690 lbs.

cost $100 70. Now 133 44 100 76=

26 08 cents, * ,$20 08

Call the interest and risk 7 per cent, instead

of 10 per cent. $13 25 9 27=3 98 3 98

Estimate the turnips at 8 cents instead of 10

cents ,$51 90 41 52=10 38 10 38

Amo'int of difference in charges in favor
of sheep,

Add former balance in their favor,

Balance in favor of the sheep, $113 20

1 good
whole.

The above sheep, when put up, were
condition and of a large size token as
The price at wliich thi'y were sold was low com-
pared with many sales at the time. The native

SI58 11 b'uoil predominated in llicm.

with hay. His oil meal costs him twenty dolli
per ton, besides the expense of transportation two!
tyfive miles

D. N. has sixty sheep. To the sixty gives half (
bushel of oil lueal and half a bushel of corn p t
day. "

G. S. has fiflyeight sheep. Corn and hay onlf
are allowed. Allows one and a half bushel ofculD
per day to the fiftycighl sheep.
I A. R. has three hundred sheep — in pensoftweU"
tyfive sheep in each. His aim is to induce \h$
y "\ sheep, besides hay, to take one quart of corn caciv »
/■i 1() giygn ai three times a day. i

T. R. has one hundred and twelve sheep. F<'cd» t
with corn and Iny. Fifty of them have one bush- t
el per day. The best and most forwnrd have onO i
quartcach. The live weight of om, 210 lbs. «

G. D., on experienced feeder, is of opinion lh»l ~
no advantage is gained by giving the sliuep iiicsl
instead of uiitjround corn.

. Tt.N0..1l

AND H 0 II r I C U I. T \> R A L 11 E G I S T E R .

245

"'

' , lonj fiiiiiilinr wllli tho fiitliiij of sheep,
wclhors tocHCs; prefers Mcnnm lo oilier
buys lliem nt difTerenl ngcs, no th«l they
1 the jinll in succession ; thinks five yonrs
best s^e for f;illcninij ; r.nd chooses to feoil
uulemlely tinlil a short tmio before he in-
I nisrkct them, as, in his exponencc, they
: piiy the cost of Iniili fi-cding durinj; a long
Ho often bui^ins in March to feed sheep
'mi desi);ns to send to market after slicarin;;.
i-cnsloincd to keep liis store- wetlicrs in the
ilh his cattle, upon the orts and husks that
c thrown (iUt to them. He is careful not lo suf-
:r his fattinjr "etliors ever to be disturbed. When
a begins to feed with corn, ho never permits his
leep to bo hungry. Do keeps iiis sheep upon
i«en llie first p.irt of the seuson ; thinks merino
icc|> arc kept nt less expense than native : and
ceins the fattening of sheep profitable. lie men-
ons a case in which he bought si.vty merino wctli.
•3 in June, for 133 cents each ; and sold fifty of
icin in the ensuing March for (WO dollars. His
ether sliecp, which arc not sent lo market until
flcr shearing, often give four pounds of wool at a
lip. — Colman's Fourth Rtyorl.

ForlbeN. E. Karmer.

POT LIQUOR— PRODUCTIVK FARMS—
BERKSHIRE HOCS, &c.

Mr Put:«am — Dear Sir — .\a you e.xpress a de-
re lo hear from your (arming friends that are silu-
tcd around you, I take the liberty of addres-iing
nother letter to you. I wish lo write a few lines
I a hasty manner on various things, for I ablior
'riling: I had rather hold the plow all day than
rile one letter.

Pot Liquor. — .\nd first about "pot liquor." You
ish to know if any of us have any hogs that lose
heir appetites after being fed with pot lifjnor. ]
are a large quantity twice a week, which is given

0 my hogs, and \ have never found that iheir appe-
tes suffered in the least afterward; bat potatoes
re not boiled in the same liquor with the meat;

If I hold that the witer in which potatoes are
oiled, is one of the worst things that can bo given
hogs. If your "swine feeder" did not srffer his
magination lo run away will) him on account of
lie hints given him by the wouian, and if he is
gill in saying that his hogs lost their appetites, I
lionid (if potatoes were boiled with the nicul,) as-
ribe it to them ; if not, why perhaps his hogs
vere seldom regaled with such a savory mess, ond
s l)Se food which followed was less tempting, they
^ishci^ tosetllieir appetites on edge by abstaining.*

Pri.^du tlivt FnrniS. — Secondly, regarding pro-
ictjve fai ""*' pfcat crops, &c. We are told by
ov. IJjij i„ lis " Visitor," and quoted in the N.
Farmer i" * f^'^n which cost $2.1,000, from
ich the profit- ' '" '"'" '^^'' ""'' J'"''' "'''''-' *'"^''0.
f«' rate int ercst ''""^ ' ^''^ ''°"''' ""' ^"^•
". '1 Uie , lamc b '^'"''' ■"'^'^ ">''' "* '"'"' '' """
1 fur one shou '''' '''=e '" '""'«'• '" " •'»''''
nber of U le N E I "«''mcr we have an account
en from « paper in Nt'"' York, of a man in Gen-
e county . hat raised 12.'' bushels of corn on on
e. andJiia land " for the i ■"<>«' P"t """''■" '
''=. sir. it must have been re.'narkably ffoorf snnd,

1 siiould like a few acres of oiicli Hand here.

The

„j feeder's" hogs w«ie well led and tended

We have all the best stories — we have \v> poor (
ones : let us liiive accounts both of prnlits and loss,
and in both in^>tance^ liow the land was niannged :
and when a person sends an account of a great
crop, let him tell how he did it. 'I'ho mnn who
can raise ho iniirli corn on snnd, if he would show
others how, would bo .i public bencfoclor.

Next, Me lUrkshirc Ifu/r You may romombcr

that I was formerly an ndvocots for tliein, bill I
have departed from the fuitli. I did not find them
immaculate (pardon the pun) as I expected. Not
only did Ihey not cut up so well as they look, but I
cannot get so much per pound as I can for a white
skinned hog. I hope to show you some in the
spring, across of the Wobiirn and iMackay, supe-
rior in all points lo the Yorkshires.

The .'hnerican Swine Bretder. — En passant, 1
should like lo record my humble opinion against
the .\merican Swine Breeder, notwith.-<landiiig the
decision of a gentleman of nuicli experience on
the subject in favor of it. It is not practical enough
for us hurd-working farmers. It will do well
enoiigU for men lluit can afford to make their pork
for 12 1-2 cents per lb. and sell it fur 6 1-4 or give
it away.

Yon had a few words to say, Mr Editor, about
Col. Jaqucs' stock. You thought that they were
not held in so high estimation by iho public as it
was generally thought. I believe you are right,
f attended the whoUrsale, and hoard various re-
iiinrks which made me arrive ut the same opinion.
I have a heifer which was raiseil in Vermont, a
pure native, that will equal some of the Colonel's,
and with due regard for his slock, I think that had
she been called Bttly Cream-Pot, or some other
Cream Pot, and put wiih the Colonel's on the day
of sale, that she would have brought $100. Her
milk is so rich that 1 have taken the cream off wiih
a fork. But I must close, wishing you health and
better crops llie coming year.

Yours truly in the cause,

Camhriilge, Jan. 22rf, 1842. W. A. J.

(][/='Our correspondent alludes to the "Ameri-
can Swine Breeder." This work, it will be re-
menihercd, was highly comnfEnded in our columns
a few weeks since, by E. PmN.NEy, Esq. His ex-
perience and discretion render an opinion from
him highly valuable. We have mncli confidence
in the soundness of his judgment in the present in-
stance. But if " VV. A J." has come to a different

ciinclusion, we most willingly give it publicity

The work may not contain nil the minute and sim-
ple directions which are desired by some breeders
or growers of s»vine ; but if found wanting in these,
we remember thinking, when we read the book,!
that its principles are cenerally sound, and its di-
roclions judicious. We have never read it with a
view to giving an opinion of its merits to our read-
ers. I

Many have "fallen from the faill? in regard to j
Berksiures. There is no doubt that the most, ifl
not all, of them are found wanting when the knife
comes to be used. They arc thin on the sides and
bcllv, and there is too much lean meat. But yet
they may be valuable lo many people. One has
called lliem "the poor man's hog," because of the
clieapnc.-is with which they can be kept. Can they
be ki-pt very considerably clicapc.-, than others?
This question is not fully settled. Until it is, the
Bcrksliires should not be utterly discarded, even
though ihey do not make as good meat as some
other breeds — Ed.

Fur llin New Kn;;liind Kiirmir

WORKINU COWS.

Much as ( hiivc hoard of tho practice of working
cows, I am ni't awaru that I linvo ever liad a prac-
tical ond salisfiictory doinunstralioii uf its fooai-
hilily before ycnterduy.

It has been frequently protcsled by writers in
various papers, that the cow, if Irnined early and
systematically to the yoke, will dcinoustralc llie po-
sition that she is abundonlly able l>i perform ai
much labor and with as lillle inconvenience, gen-
erally speaking, as tho ox. I'liis, however, is rath-
er problematical, as tho advantages uf sizu and
muscular ttreiiglh iniisl be admitled lo be greatly
in favor of the latter, allhoiigli there can bo nu
question, I think, that the cow can work, and per-
form much uf the lighter labor on the farm, without
cssenlially injuring her fur liic pnrpoiica either of
breeding or for milk.

The gentleman who had the management of tho
cows to which I allude as being the first animals
of that description I have ever had an opportunity
of seeing yoked in team, has worked them for years,
and is of opinion that the performance of constant,
but light labor is no detriment ti) them whatever.
He has made it a constant practice, he says, to
work his cows more or less every day for many
years, and has even driven them twenty miles with
a heavy load, and at .-casons when with calf, Tho
animals under his management, were perfectly do-
cile, and to all appearance extremely well trained.

nintiham. Me., Jan. 22d, 1642. II. D. W.

■ Cement for Floors, — Tho manner of making
earthen floors for country houses is as follows :
Take two thirds lime and one of coal nshes, well
sifled, with a small quantity of loam clay ; mix the
whole together, temper it well with »vaier, and
make it up into a heap, letting it lie a week or ten
days, and then temper it well over again. After
this, let it lie for three or four days longer, ond
temper again, until it becomes smooth, yielding,
tough and gluey. The floor being then levellnd,
lay the plaster abont two and a half or tliree inches
thick, making it smooth with a trowel. The hot-
ter the season is, the better; and wInn it is tho-
roughly dry, nothing can make a belter floor. If
any one would wish their floors to look vtijf hand-
some, let him take lime of rag-stones, well temper-
ed with whites of eggs, covering liie floor about
half an inch thick with this mixture, before the
under flooring is too dry. If this be well done and
llioroiighly dried, it will look, when rubbed with a
liUle linseed oil, nearly as Imnsparcnt as iiielal or
gliss, and endure for iiinny years withnul crack or
blemish. — Farmers' Cab.

EXTRACTS.
Infrrntitude. — Ingratitude is a crime so shameful
that there never was yet one found who would ac-
knowlcilge himself guilty of iU

True Xobility. — There is no nobility like that of
a great heart, f 'r it never stoops to artifice, nor is
wanting in good oflices where they are seasonable.
— Gracian.

Honest Jirtions. — Tho memory of good and wor-
thy actions gives o quicker relish to the soul than
il could ever possibly take in the highest enjoy-
ments of youth Addison.

Z46

NEW i: N G L A N D FARMER,

FEB. 8, IS43-

AND HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER.

DosTON, VVevNESDAY, Fkbruarv 2, 1842.

fOURTH AGRrCULTURAt MEETING AT THE

STATE HOUSE

Discussion on Fruit Trees.

Mr Dodge, of Hainilion, in tde Chair.

Mr liuckminHter, EJ. of Mass. Plowman, liiid p.nid
iDucli allentioii lo cullivniion of fiuillrnos; hut lie his
much yd lo K'nrn, and many fanners net d lo lerirn slill
more than lie docs. The idua is iTr<ineoiis that it is the
next generation alnne that can eat the fruit of t lie trees
that we plant. As f.iriners generiilly nianage, there is
need In ^cait long for fruil. Thiy stick out Iref s, and
suirur ihcm lo stand 3, 4 or 5 years without care. Often
they set thoin on land where corn was planted the pre-
vious year, and sow grain and -grass close to the trees &■*
well as on the remainder of the land. The grains and
grass rob the trees of nuurisliinent. Trees would fare
better if set in holes dug in sward land than tii<iy will
thus placed. Trees require hoettig as much as corn.

A» treated, trees will lite — but this is not enon^h.
Trees should tie taken up for tninsplanling when the
ground is not very wel. Last of March and first of
April re gcneHlly a bad time for selling out. Let lliis
bo done when the ground is mellow.

Trees are often set too deep. People set ihein deep
10 make them /i»c. Should never bo placed deeper than
they stood in tile nuisery. In summer, cover the roots
with liitcr. Take ihis away in auiumn, or the mice
will live in it. Tread the fust snow around the trees,
to keep away mice. Lime is good to keep them away.
Tlie ground around young trees should always be cuiti-,
valcd. ISy the road-side set winter fruit and trees that
make an njiright top. Trees often do better by the wall
than any whore eUe.

He chooses to take up' his trees rather early in the
spring, put thejr.^n a oi)ld place, and not set out until
the ground has bi-conic mellow and warm. Thus ircat-
ed, they wi;l grow well the first season; this -is quite
important ; fr iflliey do nol ^row;, mo.'ii and lice usually
trouble iheiii. Trees from a rich nursery arc said not to
do wall in a poor toil — but they should never be put in
a poor soil. Mako the land rich by manure, if it be too
poor. He once set ten thrifty trees in good soil, and in
four years from thai time, each of nine of them bore a
peck of apples. These had no exira care afier the 6rst
summer. The same remarks apply to peaches, plums
and other fruit-..

Evergreens may be transplanted as easily as other
trees. If Inim a nuriiery, there is no diflicullv — but
when from a forc>t, many will die, unless you take up
much earth. Ho (ransplmted the wliito pine success-
fully the latter part of June.

Mr Pulnain, (Editor,) would state a few facts in con-
firmotion of some of .Mr B.'s positions. Last spring, set
more than oVie hundred trees upon the surface of the
ground, just covering the roots with soil, anil every onu
lived. Evergreens if trannplantcd before the buds have
expanded, ar« apt lo die, because if done sooner, the re-
sinous matter on the bud dries, and the tree has not
power lo cause the bud to expand.

Mr Dodge, ol Hamilton, found the trees on his place
were decayinir, and inquired how he best could replace.
Concluded lo BOW seed. He obtained pomace in the
spring, and planted; S'ton the trees wern up in abun-
dance The nn.it spring he transplanted, ('ul off part
of the tip root; put a litllo manure on the land. That
season he budded many — near !iOO. The next year,

snine urihc liuils grew to he as high as his shoulders.
Then he budded the remainder — has 50 varieties. Pre-
fers budding to grilling.

Sione fruit. Tie seed should not bo planted deep.
Nature is our best guide, anil she plants shallow. If you
do not plant the seed of stone fruit as soon as the fruit
ripens you must keep the stones moist by pulling them
in earth, barnyard manure is rather co.irse fur nursery.
.Mr Pond likes <alt ley— the spent ley of soapboilers
Mr Manning likes muscle-bod — or sea mail Mr Ives
finds clay good — (his soil is dry.) Trees from a rich
nursery do nut flourish in . I poor soil. He preftjis trans-
planliiig ill the spring. Knows of a (iual-er who will
not sell from his nursery in the aulumn. In pruning, it
is injurious to take off all the sido shoots. At least it is
while the trees are quite young. Apple trees do not
long flourish upon a sandy subsoil. The Roxbury Rus-
set especially fails in such situations.

lias read from " A Tour in Flanders," that trees do
hist on a side hill, lecause thcij there put out their bran-
ches mnre horizontally than nn plains. Does not know
whether this is correct. He too would put winter ap-
ples by the side of the road, and sweet apples by the
wall separating the field from the pasture, because these
are better for the cattle, and they will eat what drop on
the pasture side. A small number of trees well taken
care of, are more profitalde than m.iny, if neglected.

There are doubtless some good varieties of native
fruit in iilinost every town, that are unknown lo the
nurserymen, and is it not desirable that some efforts
should be made to make iliem knovfn ?

Mr Merriam, Eii. of Hoston CuUivator, considers fruit
and hay the two best crops. Fruit will Bull everywhere.
He lliiiika ihal most farmers nnuld do belter to set apart
a pieca of land fur an orchard, than to plant out trees by
the walls around their fiells. The ground should he
kept under cullivulion. Where there are old and mid-
dle-aged trees upon the farm, that bear poor fruit, it is
easier by engrafting them to get good fruit soon, than to
begin with young trees. He prefers trimming oftncrrty
all ihe top of such trees when he grafts. Thinks that
thus lie gets a more vigorous growth tor the scions. [In
this he is probably correct; hut if his experience shall
be such as we have often witnessed, ho will find after
four or five years, that his trees will rapidly decoy. He
make.^ the disproportion between the roots and the
branches too great. The scions will do all they can lo
elaborate the sap sent up, but the leaves on them are too
few for this purpose, and al^er a few years' siruggle, ihe
tree will perish. We should leave many branches,
whose leaves would lo stomachs for digesting food for
the trunk; and should prune out from time to time as
the scions increased in size. — Ed]

Mr Cole, Ed. Farmers' Journal. Thinks it possible
by care ond perseverance, lo cause like to produce like
in fruils. In other words, that we might have our best
fruits reproduced without grafting and budding. He
would separate seed fiom the i ce, which is easily
done by washing. The pomace is acid, and is unfavo-
ralile to the growth of tlin trees.

The fall, first ol October, ho think.s the be-tt lime for
cutting scions. Put them in a box in the cellar, and to-
wards spring place over and around Iheni a wet mat.
He likes the latter part of October as well as any lime
for transplanting.

Mr West, of Pittsficid, stated, that many years ago,
ho was familiar Willi a praclice like this : When your
trees had had their first summer's growth in the nursery,
take them all up, cut ofl° the lops and pack the roots in
clay or soil in the cellar. Thin in winter and spring,
as coiivcnienco might allow, bring the roots up from the
cellar, and graf\. Many of the routs may be cut into

two, and some iii'.o three pieces, each of which may
have a scin put upon it. The root ond top togetli'S''
need not be more than four or five inches long. A *
lliey are {.raftid, replace Ihem in the collar, and ia
spring set them out. This is a very comfortable wa^
of grafting, and he had found it very successful.

Subject for discussion at the next meeting — the Cul-
ture of Silk.

COL. ADAMS' LARGE HOGS.
We went on Monday lo Mr .Monroe b provision stor»
in Ann sir. it, to see four hogs, raisrd by Col. Daniel
Adams, of West Newbury. These hogs, when slaugh-
tered, were 31 months and 24 days old ; a cross of the
Byfield and Mackay. The weight of theVour was 2120
pounds, or .'j27 1-2 lbs, each. We have never seen hand-
somer pork than ihis. One of the hogs only was cut:
thai, thick on both belly and back. Col. A. was among
the first to announce distinctly lo the public, tliat ihe
Beikshires are not the best breed of hogs — that they do
not cut up ;<s well us some others, and that the meat is
not to good. We believe his icorlis verify his assertions -
Mr Monroe, Ihe purchaser, says that lie has never seen
bolter pork than this from Col. Adams. On the back,
the hog that had been cut up gave about 7 inches of fat
above the shoulders, and held the thickness well through
all his length.

FRIF.ND JENKINS' HOGS.

At Mr S. S. Learned's stall, 50 Market House, w«
saw samples of 70 hogs, bnuglit ol Friend VVm Jenkins,
ol Providence, R. I. The 70 averaged 433 lbs. ■ Tho
lorgest weiglicil G44. These had in them a cross ol the
Berkshire. They were a heauti.'iil lot of hogs, and di>
great credit to Friend J. as a pork grower.

THE WEATHER.

The litst month has been remarkable for its mildnesa-
and its freedom from storms. There have been not
more than threu or four cold days in tho month, and not
a single storm. We do not remember another January
so uniformly pleasant.

If tho farmers have not been clearing the swamps of
bushes, and getting manure on to low lands where the
team cannot go in the spring, or doing something lo fa-
cilitate the spring work, then wo cannot very lii^'hlj
eoinplimenl their skill and forethought.

Thanks — We are much obliged lo Mr Abel Conner^

of Hi nnikcr, N. IL, li:>r sending us scions of the Orange
Apple — a voriely very much to our taste, and which we
never met with until friend Conner gave us one, a few
weeks since.

Extracting Grease Spots — One of the best nK^jcB of
doing this (says the Albany Cultivrlor,) wh ^^^ t'.rop*
have lalloii on dresics, hooks, &c., is lo place innenesia-

on the spot, rub it in, rover it with cleu>

p.>per.

and

I

plaoe over this a warm iron. The grea ^ yjiU coinbin*
wilh the magnesia, and be thus reniovi . I'lnelv pow-
dered chalk will do, but it is not equr j ^ „ncBia. R*"
peutod operaiions, or applications gf ^^^^^ °^,„^ n,ay b»
necessary where considerable gre ^,^ ,,^ f^^^ ^J

Look out for your fire wooj j,,, „,^ ^^^ j„g year.-

Nothing can justify icoldin'^ j,, ^ „om«n, bu l a amo*

ing house and green wood (^^ ,^^f jj ^_^^ ^ (^yo

words and sweet sfnile-,, moke sure of dry wood an*

bright lire. So saitli -.l.e Albany Culiivalor—. nd he W^

dues not what it leconiniends, has no right lo expecl"
groot amount of '■ fireside pleasures."

"• tT, NO. .11.

A N D H 0 R T I C U L T U R A L R K C. I S T E R

•247

TIIKItMO.MKTKICAI..

Rrp<inrilrnrtrir Ni>«r Enclnnn Fmnirr.

r.i><*nf ihe riiormomplrr III ilie (iiiri!<*itol till! pro|tricior«

il ilm Nrw KiikIumiI P^trmrr. Hrii'tuiin, M;im. in n nhmlnl

/Inilliei'l) pxiioinra (Iiritip nrrk cixliiig Jan. SO.

Jan. 1S42.

M..n.l.y.

'Imcs.Ijv.

I.i.-sriay,
Tlmr-day,
Fii.t.iV,
{iiiur.lay,
fiiiiidjy,

I 6 A.M. I 12, M. |6,i>..>l. I \Vin<l.
N. W.

S»

40

at I 41

14-1 IN. \v.

iian fiill hlood, ilo 43 a 46— Do 3.4(ln4n a 41 — Do. l-adn
3r, a 3> — 14 anil tnmmnn dn 30 n 38 — Sinvrnn Shcon,
washed, m a 911— Do. iniwnnhdl, in a 1 1- 'llfntTiKi ilo
8 a III— Saxon; . ilran, — Hupncw Ayrrn unpii ki-il, r a 10—
.lo. ilo iiiiko.l, 12 n ic-Siipi-rrinc Nodliorii pulled laiiili :17
n 42- No. I ilo do. dn. 33 u 37— No. 2 do ilo do 23 u 30-
No. 3 dododu 18 n2n.

HAV. per Ion, «2i) lo 23-Ea»torn Scrowrd 819 10 30.
CHRKSE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 in »c.— New 5 to8.
EGGS. (6 a 2.-..

IIKKJino.N .MARKKP— Mosn.T, Jan. 31, IH42
Keporlr.i r.irllie .NVw Kncliii'l F'liiiet.

.\l Mnrkel AM^ Beef Calllo. 17,j0 Sliefp niul 90 ' ''i'"« fuf 'hf lii'V'""??
wine. 30 BeerCaUle un.nld. I C'^'n-'X- «nd Cider Mi

ri.irKB — Rtef L'fttllt. Tli- priees nbtoined laat week
for t like qunltly were not susliiimil nnil we reduce our : s|,op |,u(|| |
qii.ilaiion ; a viry fe>v were sold for somelliing more I t,„ve named In

Ihiii) our liigheai qiioliitioiis Wo qiiole firal qimlily. i iif .<oil, we»l ciiiculnicil fbVprnfifnMeVjImi'iiiriiii^d'csnre^^
Jl5 .')0. Second quality, .$ I 75 a 3 UU. Tliiid quality | adnpied lo Krnii, Hay iind Vrgclahles It innrket, and con-
$3 .tO a 4 JiO. I lainins rtiore ihan 800 Fruit Trees-— Saiil eslalc can he con-

iV'p — Dull Sevrml lots were sold for lesa than I »p»'«"'!5' diviilid so ns to moke iliree good farms, or ihe
thrv rii-t in llie roiiniry. \Vc quote lots $1 5D, SI 92, i *''"n wiih five or six acres of land can be sold separately to
^ .-lO, *3 i5, and !!.4 i" ' '"— "

HOWARD'S

PAnsis p .n BAi.p.

To 1 e lold.a rnrm conlnininr; alioul ninoly acres of t.nnd,
l.enunrully •.iluaiod. one mile and a qiinrtor from llic cenire
of Hilleriin, on llie mnin road leudiiiij from f.owell lo Ros-
Ion i 7 miles from the former, and 17 miles from the loner
place There is a Inrije Dw llieor House tlicreon, suilahio
for two families; also a liirie I5nrn. Also, nn esloMish.
inent hiiili iwo years since for keeiiins swine, wilh nn nppnr-
alus for Imilinj Willi steam, and linvini; every oiher rniire-
Also a Wood Shed. Chnise Honse,
ill House, with a Gtaler Mill. " SliouM our opinion lie nskcd as to whirh of ihe Plnuuhi

Also, another Farm adjoninc the aliove, iiiulninins! ahout ™* should prefer (or use on n farm, we mielii pethaus soj lo
thirty five acres of Land, havin?a Dwellin-' House and larije "'" inquirer, il your laud is mosiiy light and easy lo «i.ik
earsaso. forn shoe esinlilisl.ment. The a. i "■)''''<»">• *!• Mc'irs, liui if your /aiidw Acory, A.jrJ orrwAi/'
" arc of an oxrelliMil quality ol every variety "K""* with Mr. HowAiiD'd.''

At the oliove me-.f.oned trial the Howard Pl-utjli ,lii
ore Jroilt, irith the snme pnrer nf Iram, Ihan any oilier

MPROVEO EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

(ireat imprnvemmis h.ive heen mode Ihe past year in th*
form and workmanvlnp „( ilie^e Pliuighs ; the mould li nril
has lieen so f.irmed ns to laii He fiirrotr 'orn/ilrfrh, orer
lumw/r 111 ercTij parikh nf gratu or nuhbl'-, an.hrnrinr llie
^roimrf in Me bc^l poynl.lc tnonncr. The length of ihe
mould hoard hns Ik n verv much inrr-iiM 1, vi il.ul ihe
Ploiish Works with Ihe Breolest ease, hoik wiih rr«pecl I*
Ihe holdini} and 1 he lenin. The Cominitlec at the lale IrwJ
of Ploughs at Worcester, suv,

Siriiit. —No lois were sold to peddle ; a few were re-
laiK d from 3 1-3 tu 5.

WHOLESALK PRICES CURHENT.

Carrcdcd iiith great cure, loeekhj.
SEEDS Herds Gross. #■? 25 to S on per hushel. Red Top,
BOtoo'i cents. Clover — .\oriliern, 13c.— Souihern, l2tol3c.
H»x Seed, 31 80 lo 1 lio l.u. f.uccrue, 25 c per lb. Ca-
nary Seed. St 00 a 4 50 jier bushel.

GKAIN. Sales of the week consist of 700ii Inishels new-
yellow Rat Corn, 64c; .MiOOdn do C3c'; 3niio do. do. old do.
and one narcel at 7Uc ; 6 lOO bushels yellow flat, afloat,
is held for liiijher prires ; white Corn scarce : soles CO a C-.'c
^r hushel ; prime mealing Corn 15 much wanted, and would
imr.iand the extreme qiotJiions ; Oats are geil'ng scnrce,
id are held above the last quoiaiiun; a sale of prime Pela
are was made at CUc. per bushel.

Corn— Northern, bushel 72 to 73— do. Round Yellow 70
A 71 — do. Soiitiiern Flat Yellow 63 a 64— While do. CO
— Birley 65 a 6S— Oals — SoiHhern 47 a 50— N'orlhern' do.
18 to 511 — Biaiis. jier busbi-l 75 a 1 50.

FLOUK. The iransactious of ihe week have been on a
moderate scale, al alwut former repotted prices for Genesee,
uid soinc rcductiou lor Southern. ;<ales of the former hove
ueen for good common brands *C 31, and fancy Sf..-)? a 6 44
I>erhll;"9i0 bids Ohio, flal hoops, ,i prime article. *6 31
_L-4 pe.- bbl; 2oi» bids. Groit^elown, S6 25, 4 mo«. ; 2Uo do
3nward street, at s-jine price and credit ; lUO ilo. do. 86 12
-2, 60 days; -2oO do do a shade under *6, cash.

Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. or. J6 12 a 6 25— do
rharf, »6 to a 6 12— do. free of aarlic, 86 12 a 6 25— Pnila-
Iclphi:) do. 4 mos. *ii no a G t-2— prederickshnrj. lowi'd 4
DOS. 86 00 a 6 12— .Alexandria, wharf iiiounMin, $6 00 a
1 12— Georeetown, 16 12 a C 25— Richmond Can:il, 86 12
-do. Ciiy,»7 00— Genesee, common, cash, 86 31— do lancy
iraiids S6 37 a 6 44— Ohio via Canal. 86 no a 6 3i Indian
leal in bills., 83 uu a 3-25.
PROVt.SIO.NS. There have been no private sales of
ny importance durins; the past week, except of Lard, 12 a
(iOO kegs of which sold, pan fur shippin-,', at 5 7.8 ,1 6c. per
h. The transactions by auction cou,>.i^t of 43» bbls Mess
»ork. 8: a 3 per bid ; 350 do. Prime, 86 a 6 37 do -, 50 do.
Icar, 810 .lO a 10 6> dn. do; Cii do. do. 81 0 60 a II) 75 do;
I do Mess, commi'n, iiM\ 33 do. Prime do. do. 8187;
4 dn. Shoulders, 83 75 per bbl; 30 do. do 82 50 do. do;
J l<t':;s jud 14 bbU Lard, 5 aS 3-4c. |ier lb 4 mos.
H>'cl — Mess, 4 mo new bbl. *!0 00 — Navy — 8S5na9 00
-No. 1 8< uo— do Prime Si 00 a 5 50- Pork— Exira clear,
mo bbl. 813— do Clear 81 1 a 12— do Mess 8.-! 50 a 9 611
do Prime 37 SO a 8 ou— do Mess from other Stales 87 50
3 O-'-do Prime 36 .iO a 7 00.

WOOL. Duty. Th» v,ilue whereof at the place of ej.
nrtalion shall not exceed S els. per pound, free. All wliere-
llic value exceeds 6 els. per pound, Ji per ct. ad val. and
els per pound.

There has been a fairdeman I for domestic, at Ihe late re-
need prices ; manufacturers buy rather more Ireely, but
jII are not disposed to lay in larije slocks. The slock o!
eece is considerably diminished ; of pulled there i^ ampb-
oply. Sales of ahoul 3ii0 bales South American have
,,'i made during the week cl about the lale p-.:blic snle

L-CS.

•linn' or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a SDc.--Amer.

suit purchasers.

The above properly if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold ai Public Aiiclion on Thursday the 17lh of March
next 01 10 o'clock .\. M. on the premises.

Any gentleman from ihc cily, wishing a handsome silun-
lion for a country residence, or any fornier 01 mechiinic wish-
insr to purchase, may do well to cull and view the premises.

Inquire of the sultscriber, living near the same.

SERENO FISK=

Billcrica, Jan. 19, 1842. ist 17111.

FARMER WANTED.

The adYeriiser is in want of a man, with or without a
family, to take the general charRC of a small farm. One
thai can !-ring lestimonials of unqiiestiuiiahly ^ood moral
characler, and industrious habits, and of good acquainlunee
with the principles of inrjirnved husbandry, will learn ol a
ilesi -able situation bv addressing immediately post paid, box
No. 37 Providence U. I. 3p Jan. 19

Sl-N DIALS.
Just received a few of ShHdou & Mo-re'«, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the lime
of dav in ihe gnMeii or field. Price ?3 cents. For «al6 by
J. BRECK fy CO., No 61 and-52 Norlh' Market St.

Sept I .

willis's latest i.11proved vexietablb
ci;tter.

more 1

plough exhibilril. No .iilirr turned more thnn Iwenlvse -ea
tfnd one half inches, to the Ii2 lbs. dranaht, while llie
Howard PIniurh litrrteil lieentimine avil nve half in, 'iri lo
the same pntrer nf Icain I All acknowledcc that Howard'.
1 loughs are much iho strongest and most substontiallT
made. '

There hns been quite an imprnvemenl made on the shoe,
or land side ol this I'longh, which can be renewed willii.ut
having to furnish a new bindside this shoe likewise seeiiies
Ihe mould board and landside together, and strenglhcns lli«
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to8i.%. A Ploi-h
sufficieni for breakinimp with four catile. will cost about'
».o 50, and with cutler 81, with wheel and cutler, 82 68
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and relnil at
the New England Agrlciillnral Warehouse and Seed Sl..ie.
Nos. 51 & S2 Noflh Market Street, b?

JOSEPH URECK & CO.

PENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, I n.ooo feet Chains, suilalile
for Fences or o'ber purposes. For sale by J. BRKCK &
CO., No.52 NoriH-THarketM. April 21

fOUIIRBTTE.

son Rarrels Pnndrelle mac be had on spplicaliop to the
r,ut,.vcriher. al «2 per barrel of fovr bushels . 01 b-dcl,vered
on board of vci-sel in ihis ciiy. Orders bv mail. 1 nclosing
the money wid lie promjitly alteii.lcd 19, if receivil soon by
D. K. MINOR, Agent, I2u Nufc-anst , New Vork

Jan, 5, 1642.

TY«5 I'P CIIAIMS.

Just received by 000 Chains for lyemg np Cattle

These chjiiis, introduced by E. H. Deiibv. E>q. id Sah-m,

and Col jAcauES, for the purpose of securing talile 10 lh«

siall,are lound te be the safest and niosi convciiieiil mods

ol fastening cows and oxen to the siunchion.

For «ile by J. BRECK & CO., No. 62 North Market sL

This machine surpasses all 01 hers for the piir|inse of cut.
ting Rota Bago, Man:;el Wiiruel, anil oiher rools The
grenl objectnm 10 other nwchincs. is their culling ihe rools

inlo slices, whnh mikes it nl st iinfiossible for the entile

10 gel hold of iliein; Ihis mochine with a liille olleralioii,
cnlH th^in into I irze or small pieces of such sliaiic nsis most
convenient f<K ihe cattle loi-ai. 1 1 will cut with ease from
one 10 two bu>he| of root.s |ier minute.

Forsal. by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.. al the New Fng-
land Asri'-ultiiral Warehouse, No SI and it North Market
Sireel, Bosion. Sept. I

EDSIVND T. IIASTI.VGS &. Co.
rnre Sperm <■£!.

■ No. 101 State St, keep conMunilv for sole. Winter, Sprini
and Full Sperm Oil, ble:iclied mid unbleached ; whiih Ihey
warrant tu be of Ihe best quality and to' buru without
cruslies.

l)il Canisters of various sizes.
BdsIuii, Jan. I, IS4I. isly

GltlNDSTO.\|.:s.

An extensive assorini-Mi ofWalernnd Hand Grindsloies
eonsiantlyon hand and for salebyAM.MIC. LOMBAM'
Jl CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. ialy. Nor 17

L'ETANG Li.tia:

Farmers in want of Lime lor .4gricu;iur,il purposes will
find il greatly to th-ir adviiiiage lo try the St. Georse Go's.
LEiaiig Lime, said lo be siipeiior lor that piir|io>e lo any
other ever yet iiiirodiiced For sale by DAVID DA VIS,
over ihe Hope Insurance Olfice, Slati! St., Boslun.

Sept. S. 3m

DRAFT AND TRACE OIAIKS.

Just received by Packet Cornmanda,
4110 pair Trice Chains, suiiiible lor I'.'uughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Droll Chains. For rale by J. BRECK & CO
.No. 52 North .Market St. Aprils] '

248

NEW ENGLAND FARxMEK,

PRB. 2.IS4a.

MISCELLANEOUS.

AGRICULTURAL. LNPLEMISXTS, 4l

The Proprietors of the New Kiiyland A^'riciiltural Warv

ISLKS OF SHOALS.

Some interesting skelchcs of these islands and
their inliabiianlt', liave appeared in llie Newbury-
port Herald. Tiie following arc extracts :

" A story i.s linndcd down by tradition, rcmindinfr
U9 of llie voyage ot the Methodist meeting house,
(which was carried olfin the spring of }SN by a
freshet, from Norwich, Connecticut, and ran foul
of the echnuner Fame of Bridgeport, whilst at an-
chor in Npw Lon Ion harbor,) recorded, as our rea-
ders may romember, in a serio-coiiic fragment, by
Brainard, and to be found in Cheevcr's Common
Place Book of American Poetry. The story runs
thu3 : At an early period after the settlement of
the Shoals, a house belonging to one Tucket situ-
ated on the rock, near the water on Smutty Nose,
was washed, during a violent siorm, from its foun-
dation and Carrie. 1 entire to Cape Cod, where it
went ashore, and a box of linen and papers, &c.
were taken out, by which it was discovered where
It hailed from. 'Jlie family had just time to es-

fishermen at the Shoals. While he ofSciated

there, he was incensed by some speeches in a si^r- 1 housiTnVd 'scVrl Siore"No.'6r'and'62''N.VrriV¥a^

mon of Mr. Larkham's, the minister at Dover, wouUI inlorm tlieircusinmers and the puhlic Lrncrally thr>

« heroin he inveighed against stu.h hirelings. Mr. | .hoy_have o., hand the n»«^ex,e,,s.v.^ rXll^'uX

Gibson, in way of retaliation, sent liiiii an open , 5^,,^, Pari ol which arc the following :

letter, wherein ho scandalized the government of|,Qug Howard's Patent Cast
Massachusetts, and opposed their title to those Inm Plouiths

t • ,, 1 ■ ■ I .1 ...I..,..,* 300 Common do. 00.

parts ; but being called in qnesticin by them wliose , 200 Cultivators,
authority he had contemned at a distance, he sub- ' 100 (Greene's Straw Cutters.

- • - ' 60 Wilhs' do. do.
lOU Common ds. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Siiellcrs.
50 Common do do.
2,i0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegcfjlde Cullers
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Vokes.
1500 Doz- Smihe Stones.
3000 '• Aus'liji's Kiflcs.
March 17.

mitted himself to an acknowledgement of his of-
fence, and was discharged, (in regard he was a
stranger,) without either fee or fine." — Hubbard's
History of J\\w England, pnge 38i.

Tho following story in regard to an affair of the
heart has been handed down. " William Pepper-
ell, the father of tho first Sir William, was a na-
tive of Cornwall, England. He emigrated to this
country about 1(>7(>, and settled at the Isles of
Shoals as a fisherman. It is said he was so poor
for sometime after his arrival, tJiat the lady to
whom he paid his addresses at the Shoals, would
not hearken to him. — However, in a few years, by
his industry and frugality lie acquired enough lo
send out a brig which he loaded to Hull. The

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovelt.^*''''

lOU " CuRirmjQ do.

too " Spades.

500 " Grass JSovlhes.

.10(1 " «ient Sn'ailhs.

200 " Common do.

500 " Hay Rakes.

200 " (iarden do.

200 " Manure I'orks.

300 " Hay do.

600 Pair Trace Chains.

too " Truck do.

100 Draft do.
500 Tie up do.

50 doz. Waller do.
loou yards Fence do.

2j Grind •StonesoD rollei^i

AFPLb FAUEKS.

Just rcceive<i at llie New Eneland Agricnliural Ware
honse, No 61 and 52 Norlli Market Street, a good supply a
Stanla/s Siipen'nr Apple l^arcrs, a very useful article. Will
one of these machiiics n hushcl of apples may l-e pared
a very short time in the best possiMe manner, and with grei

cape before the house went to sea. ^^^ -;- l^;^^-^^,^^ ,,e, consent. Af- ?^:>:;'j:;:,r!:' ''TJ^'a,r'^';r,jr;^r';:al:'^'N"ll TI

Here is another anecdote, it may be well enou
to put on our recurd. " When the famous Low
and other pirates infested the American coast, they
troubled the fishermen at tho Slioals not a little.
On one occasion Charles Randall and others were
taken by these free-booters. As they had no prop-
erty, the pirates gave them a flogging, and then
asked, " Do yon know old Dr. (y'otton Mather .'"
The prisoners replied, " we have heard of him as
a very good man." " Well then," said the cap-
tors, " our orders are to make each of you jump up
three times, and to say at each jump, " Curse Par-
son Mnlhcr," otherwise you shall all be hanged."
The fishermen were not made of the stuff out of
which martyrs are moulded, and so alas ! they did
us they were ordcrcil."

A friend has pointed out to lis a passage in
Hubbard's Hi.story of New England, relating to a
curious event that happened at the Shoals. We
give the ([notation as sent us, without having time
to hunt up the particulars, merely premising that it
may throw light upon the subject, to state that in
1G4I, the two settlements on the Piscalaqna,
Strawberry Bank (now Portsmouth) and Dover, had
voluntarily put themselves under the jurisdictioii of
Massachusetts. How far the iiihahitants of the
Shoals were consulted in this thing dues not ap-
pear. Gtbson seems to have been an adventurer as
a school-master, and perhaps was not in "orders ;"
yet, doubtless an Episcopalian. He seems to have
been a sensitive, but not a gedliious or obstinate
man, and did not suppose he was heading a rebel-
lion. Richmond Island must have been in what
was then French, now British America. Was it
Rich-mun'H Island .ibout three miles N. of Port-
land ? Here is the extract, and any antiquary so
disposed may follow up its hints.

" In the year l'il2, the Isles of Shoals being
found to fall within the juiisdictiou of Massachu-
setts, and hoving siihmillcd to the government
thereof, were provoked to revolt from them by one
Mr. Gibson, a scholar, whom they lind entertained
in the nature of a niinislcr, and he exercised that
function after the manner of the Church of Eng-
land, lie had been sent to Richmond Island thot
belonged to Mr. Trelany, but not liking to abide
there, he removed to Piscataqna, Strawberry Bank,
and so at last came lo an employment amon|^ the

ter his marriage he removed to Kitlery Point,
where he became a very wealthy merchant He
died in 1734.""

Tho first meeting house on Hog Island was built
of fcn'cJt. On that island, it is said, arc now to be
seen more tlKin seventy old cellars. The removal
of the iiihubit.iiits from Hog to Star Island, is re-
lated to have been on account of the greater ease
of landing at the latter with small boats.

" About the year 1790, some of the people of
the baser sort, not having the fear of God before
their eyes, pulled down and burned the meeting
house, (i. e. the second meeting house on Star Is-
land,) which was a neat and convenient building,
and had been greatly useful, not only as a place of
religious worship, but also as a landmark for sea-
men."

In 1813, January I4th, the ship Conception, a
Spanish vessel, was wrecked on Smutty Nose, and
all iiands were lost. Fourteen bodies were found
and decently buried on the Island, side by side.''

It may not be generally known that Mr. White,
who was murdered some years since at Salem, was
a native of the Slioals.

We remarked at the commencement of these
sketches, that the liistory of the Isles of Shoals
besides being i.nteresting in itself, had an excellent
moral. Wlnit that moral is, tho reader cannot fail
at once to perceive. Hero is a community, which,
almost in the memory of man, has gone down from
quite a high state of civilization, to a condition
even worse than the savage, and now is rising
again towards its formcT piospcrity. And what is
the cause ? Is it not inninly tlie destruction and
renewal of the institutions of religion and educa-
tion. The whole history of these Islands furnish
a practical argument for the necessity of churches
and schools to the temporal well-being of socicly.
And, although it may never be that we shall sink
to the degradation they have seen, it is well lor us
to remember the lesson their experience teaches,
that it is only as wo provide well for tho moral and
inlelloctunl nature of man, and so give to that na-
ture iU nghfiil stipreinacy and authority, that "C
can either preserve onr present enlightened condi-
tion or advance to higher and yet higher degrees
of prosperity.

WILLIS'. No 45 North Market Street, SCUDOKK, CUlU
DIS& CO.. and HOSMliR&. TAPPAN, Milk iSircei.
Sept. 1 6w JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

GUKE9i',S PATENT STRAW CUTTKR.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Rl fhcNcw England Agrtctil- '
•tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 anriW North Mar- '
kcl Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Strjw, Hay rnj
Stalk Cutler, operating on a niechaniccl principle not helnr*'
applied to any implement ibr this )iur|iose. The most prom-
iuenl cflTecis of Ihis application, and some of the couscqucol
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a redaction of the qimntuin o( power reqni9it*<
to use it, that the strength of u hall grown hoy is sulhcical
to work it clliciently.

2. With even I his moderate power, it easily cuts two hash--
els a minute, whi< h is full twice as last us hiis lieen i-laimeii
hy any other machine even when worked by horse or steaat4
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which they •
cut, require sharpening less often than those ol any oilitr
straw culler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and ptiK
together very strongly. It 19 therefore not so liahic n^ '.h*
coinplicalcd machines in general use to get out of ord. r

UIIINDSTO.VKS, ON FRICTION ROI.LEKS.

GrindMunes ofdiHorenl sizcji hung on friction rollers aiiAl
moved with a loot (reader, is louiiri to he a great iinprov«»«
n:ent on the present mode of hanging grindstones. Th»«
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders then..
VI ry easy to turn with the loot, hy which the lalor of on»«
njaii is saved, and the person in the net ol giinding. caB.
govera the stone more to his mind Ity 'having the complet**
control ot his work. Ston^-s' hoi.g in this munner are he--
coming daily more in nse, and wherever iiscif, give univcr*
sal satislaclion. The rollers ciu he otlgched to stolKS huD
in the comuiim wav.

For sale ny JOSEPH BRECK &. CO., Nos. 61 and »»•
Nortti Market Doston. Jul; M

NEW E NtiLANI) KARMKR.

k WKKKLV PAPRIl.

Terms, $2 per year //i atfrtince, or $2. 3.) ifnstpnid
within thirty days.

N. U. — Posliiiaslirrs are prrniitled hy law In frank nil
•.ihscripliuna (Hid riMiiiltancta for newtpapcrs, wi''i ' 1
ex)i«ns« to 8ubseriberfi.

TUTTLE AND DKHKETT, PKINTF.RS.

AND II O 11 T 1 C U I. T U R A L K E G I S T K II .

PUULtSHBD BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO.. NO. 52 NOUTU M.\UKKT STllKKT, (Ao.icultubal Wa.»m»i..«.)-ALLKN I'Ur.NAM. b:DITOU.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 9, 1842.

(HO. 3a

N. E. FARMER

Tins manure wa.'i u.fod 111 llic saiiiu inniincr mi.l Those who tcside where veiioinoim sprpeiilH nre
in the same quanlitieB as the iMai.uro from ihc p.^ ' common, may bo nble lo give na .vHl aulhenticatcd

For the N. E. Fitrmor.

MUCK.
Much has recently been said about muck or nii«i
I manure ; and 1 h^pc that none will think that
h has b«-cn :-:iid, till much more is known. —
»ve read wluit was lately said at the Stal House,
1 many communications in our agricultural p.i-
Wliat I have learned by e.xpcriment is but
le, for I am n very small farmer. Still, I am
aware that others have told all that has occurred
me as useOil to be known.

There are a few acres of swamp or low meadow
my farm, covered with hassocks, wild grass, and
DCS. The mild or muck is from six inches to
ee feet deep ; and below this is a white sand,
king a very hard pan. This sand has not prov-
of Bny"*»luc when dug or plowed to the sur-
The meadow is difficult to drain, and proves
little value except for pasture in the spring, and
muck.

Some years ago I looked at this meadow, and »t
itain pond holes where much mud was collected,
I asked how it came there. I looked al the
Iher lands, and saw that they lacked what tens
ledtd in the low places. I then guessed where
mud caine from, and resolved to carry soino of
lack.

n the autumn I had forty or fifty loads carted
■n two gravelly ridges, where scarcely any thing
lid grow, or had grown for many years. I
ced it ill small heaps, and spread it the next
ing. The grass upon wnicli it was spread,
rted very earlv ; partly because of the blackness
Lhe surface. Wherever any of it was spread,
crop was greatly improved. I plowed one
;e aftersprcading a larfje quantity of mud, and
1 used some more in the hills of corn, squashes,
ito€8 and beans. The beans were followed by
lips. Wherever there was any mud applied,
advantage was very apparent. I applied more,
t lowed grass seed. These ridges »ill produce
»er, timothy, and any good grass, in large crops,
h a litlle mud.

The fields which I usually cultivate, have a
ivy, clayey soil, with many stones and rocks.
manure them, I have tried the following r.\peri-
nts.

n the .''pring or autumn, I have placed by the
;!ofiny pig-yard, some loads of mi<J. I put this
) tlio yard as fast as the hogs worked it over. 1
posed this lo be manure oi \\\c first qttalitij. In
cow-yard I placed a large quantity of mud in
autumn. In the spring, as soon aa it could be
ved, I prepared to make a manure heap. I
ead about three inches of mud, covered this
h lime slacked on the spot; then a little more
d, then two inches of horse and cow manure,
h the straw and hay that were mixed with it.
ese were followed by similar layers. Tlie mud
■8 tlie greater part of the heap. When I carted
o be spread on the fields or put into the lulls of
n and potatoes, it was thoroughly mixed.

yard ; and no one could perceive in one part of the
Bcason, that one kind was more useful than the
other.

When some stable manure is collected during
the summer, or reserved from the winter, it should
bo used with mud and lime in the niilimin.

The niuil and lime may be mi.\ed in the atlti<mn,
and the manure from the stable added in the spring.

facts, which will aliow conclusively whether thii
tree has such powers as aro ascribed to it. Every
person must be regarded as inlercited in Rach in-
formation.

'I he white ash is one of our most beautiful tree*,
and the strength and elasticity of its timber, render
it very valuable. If the obliging Kditor will afford
his aid, we may now learn jroiii every part of the

The main points now urgo.l, nre that nuirf or i country what is known concerning its virtues in

murJi should be returned to the higher grounds
from which they came ; and that lime and Inin mn-
nun, on such land as mine, are useful, when mixed
with the mii(/. The mud alone Is good — lime and
stable manure make it more useful.

Every farmer should consider that if he has any
places containing mud, it needs to be carried back
to the fields from which the soil has been washed.
It should be dug, and placed on convenient ridges,
where it is dry, and when the farmer is not driven
by other work. Then he should never tllow his
car*, to return empty from the low to the high land.
If it is not loaded with the produce of the farm, it
should be loaded with mud. This should be
placed in tlie pig yard, barn yard, or in heaps on
the poorest lands. By spreading it in the spring,
when it has been placed in heaps, or by making
with it a compost manure, and then spreading it, or
using il in the hill, it will be found very vaiuaiilc.

I do not doubt that new modes of improving the
quality of mud will be discovered ; but it is a good
rule to do as well as we nou> know how to do.

S. W.

preventing and curing poison. S. W.

()^/*'We remember it used to be said in our boy.
hood, that if we had a mixture of white ash in the
wood-pile, no snakes would come near the house.
We had classed this among "idle tales" not worth
regarding. But as our correspondent lias experi-
enced the efficacy of the ash for other good purpo-
ses, we may have " idly" discarded the old saying.
Any facts upon the subject we shall be hoppy to
publish. — Ed. N. E. F.

ForiheS. L Karmcr.

For tlie New England Farmer.

THE WHITE ASH.
It has frequently been said, and sometimes writ-
ten, that the leaves, baik, and wood of the white
ash have power over serpents, so that they cannot
bite where this opponent is near them ; and some
say that the leaves, bark or wood of the white ash
is a complete antidote to the poison of serpents.
We are told many things about this, which seem
marvellous; but 1 am inclined to believe that there
is much truth in what is related concerning the
virtues of this tree.

I have had no means of malting experiments
with the ash upon serpent*, or wounds made by
them; but! have often applied an ash leaf, rubbed
between the finger?, to the pimples caused by mos-
quitoes. The itching and soreness were instantly
removed. In one case, when I had been stung by
a bee, I applied the same : when I applied the leaf,
the pain was severe ; as soon as the leaf was ap-
plied, the pain ceased.

Within a year or two I saw an account, which
seemed to be well authenticated, showing that sheep
had been cured by a decoction of white ash bark,
when poisoned by the small laurel or calmla

MEAT FOR HENS.
A late number of your paper, Mr Editor, spok«
well in respect to feeding and housing fowls. I
believe Ihc article was copied from thn Albany
Cultivetor. The writer omitted to say that meat
is essential to keeping fowls in good condition, and
making them lay well. During the summer, fowls
eat worms, files, bugs, grasshoppers,' — they eat
meat. In winter, buy for them fish and flesh of
the cheapest kinds — such as is often wasted. Cut
it fine, and see them eat it. Then gather the eggs,
and you will need no arguments to prove that this
is profitable feeding. S. W.

From the New Genescu Farmer.

STRAW.
How can I imkc my cattle eat straw ? I have
often askcil of some experienced fanners. "Give
them less hay," was the general reply. Not liking
this mode, however, :ind knowing that good farmers
ill England and this country made free use of straw
as food fir cattle, I resolveil last summer, when
threshinir, to change my plan. I stacked it os
usual, but in the progress of the w<irk, sprinkled
on from one to- two bushels of safc 1 used the
"Pitto Thresher," which gave md>l';- addliioiinl
ndvantrge of mixing the cliafT through the whole.
Well, during the warm wrather in the first pari of
this month, iny cattle, instead of wandering about
with little appetite, might be seen any day engaged
in filling themselves with straw. At night, when
the cows were lied up to receive their roots, their
hay would be almost untouched. Their rotund
appearance left me no apprehension of their starv-

lowever. This was continued until near the
The few facts which I have witnessed, and the present time, when I was obliged lo reserve the
many that have been related, induce me to request j remainder of the stack for the use of the stables,
the Editor of the New England Farmer lo afford ' Nearly a month's feeiling of hay was saved,
his aid in obtaining information on this subject. ' Macedon, VZmo. 2W, 1841. W. R. S.

250

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

From ihe Farmer's Cabinet.

OAT HAY.
Mil EniTOR — It has lonp; l)een known that the
o»l crop, when thickly sown on a highly manured

mowinp, making Bnd carrying four acres of oaU, ! our oats when fairly in llie milk, and feed then
thirteen dollars! And if to this be added the cost to stock iintlirashed. They a;

of seed and the labor nf working the land, (the
Inst item alone being about nine dollars,) we must
he astonished to find that even then there remains

soil, forms one of the most valuable green crops (or a Profit amounting, manure included, to more than

soiling all kinds of cattle as well as horses, coining

ofTin time for the land to he sown with turnips,

beets or buckwheat, or even to be planted to pota-
toes, leaving the soil porfnclly clean and in the

most suitable order for these crops ; hut it appears

from a late account, that the same CT'<\> when cut

green, has been made into hay of the tinost iiuali-

ty, the quantity also being very great. I here

the whole expense, valuing the hay at about one
half cent per pound. After this, I do not hesitate
to put the difference between un American and a
Scotch climate to a " whole rent,'' and if eleven
days spent in drying a crop of hay, sufficient only
for carrying into temporary stacks, be not enough
to confirm us of this fact, I know not what more
we can expect to receive in the way of evidence,
present yoQ with ttie particulars of nn experiment j As is said by your correspondent, here is proof
ade by W. Stewart, Esq., Pcebleshire, Scotland, ! Positive that neither the cradle-scythe nor the

for insertion in your valuable pages. Ho says:
" Having a field of 14 acres which had been

partially t'lirroiv-drained, and from which a crop "nihnicrin I
oats had been taken, to prepare for a green crop;
finding there were about four acres which required
complete draining, and that it would be the better
for extra working, I determined to sow it with oats
for the purpose of making them into hay ; and this
I did on the 11th day of March, sowing iili bushels
of seed on the four acres, without manure. So
goon as the l!c>wer was a week out of the shot-blade,
on the 27th of July, I begun mowing them ; the
crop was put into a temporary stack on the 7th of
August, and after a few days it was carted to the
barn-yard and put into the ricks of three or four
cartloads each, for the convenience of leading into
the hay loft. The produce of the four acres was
1.5,2ti4 pounds of hay. The horses prefer this fod-
der to every other kind of hay, and I have now be-
fore inc my farmsleward'.n letter, saying, 'The
horses getting common oat fodder are m tolerable
condition, but those getting oat hay and eating the
same quantity of oats and doing the same work,
arc as fat as they can be.' Annexed is a state-
ment of the expense of the oat hay experiment:

Cost of 2(> bushels oats for seed,

Work 00 the land,

Mowing, four days.

Making hay from 27th July to 7th Aug.

Carting and stacking.

i;4 C 8

horse-rake are yet known there ; and in a climate
so humid as to require eleven days to dry n. crop
only partially, and so uncertain as to require that
bo put into two separate fixings be-
fore it reaches the hay- loft, lest the rain should be
down upon it, and spoil all, no hope must ever be
entertained of getting off the grain crop in time for
a second crop of turnips, beets, or buckwheat, or
of raising corn at all ; whilo, judging from Ihe ac-
count before us, the diflerencc in the expenses in
securing a general crop, and the difficulty and un-
certainty arising from so late a period of harvest,
must, indeed, warrant " Vir's" statement, that "the
forwardness of the seasons here, by which the far-
mer is enabled to secure his crops, both hay and
grain, so early as July, during long days and fine
weather, often performing the labor of two days in
one, with the advantage of immediately recropping
his land on the removal of his first crops for the
use of himself and his oul-door stock in the com-

I

FEB. 0. 184iV;

- r

and feed thenB

y are considered
about as much per ton as good timothy or h
grass. — Ed. M E. F.

ir

HOGS.

We believe that experience has nearly, if
absolutely, determined that the Berkshire: are
to be the favorite hogs in .Mus-iachusetts. The
culiar merits and defects of each noted breed
pretty well understood by all our subscribers
take much interest in the subject, and we supi
there is little occasion to load our columns i
long dissertations upon swine. But in the Wf ii
crn Farmer, of January, is a letter upon hogs, fl g.
Solon Robinson, Esq., so pleasantly written
we are unwilling to deny our readers the eighth
few extracts :

'In the first place, I will premise, that afli
very careful examination of a great number of
ferent breeds of Irish Graziers, Liecestersl
Wobiirns, Westchester, IMackay, "Hospital,"
apolitan, "China Improved,'" and unimproved
a still greater number of the Land shark varit
that the more they are improved, the worse ||,
become, unless their cross-grained nature is ci
ed out of them by a cross upon some stock
partakes less of the nature and quality-of a ciil
cut s.iw, than a great portion of ilie swine of f
U. States now do. I have come to the conclusi I
and as I think, without fear, favor or nfiection. f
or for any of the homogenous genus homo, tliatll<
genuine Berkshire hog is as decent a hog as ' |i
naturi; of the subject will admit of

The M.ackay breed is peculiar to the

■1

ng winter, with a moral certainty of obtaining a i "f^ Boston. It is an improvement upon tha

C92 stones hay— 22 lbs. — at fill

season of sufficient length to bring them to full
maturity ; and after that to enjoy sufficient space
to winter-fallow every acre of unemployed land
during the fine weather of autumn — all this is cheap
at an extra rent." To bo sure the Scotch are ex-
empt from tythe and established-church rates, noin-
1 Ifi 0 linally so called, but the English calculate that
1 1 0 j they are paid in the shape of extra rent, and it is
0 18 (5 I a fact that lands in Scotland are charged with very
0 13 6 J high rents.

~~~~~l With regard to the nutritive quality of oat hay,
17 r 0 i ' P'"''^'""^ "'^'■^ '^ "" T'cslion that it is great, the

[saccharine properties being enhanced by sncrific-

ing the crop of grain ; but I should be inclined to
allow it to stand a little longer, so as to give time
for the grain to form, but not to ripen; it might

£8 12 4

Leaving a clear profit of
independent of the manure."

Now, sir, I think yaor readers will agree with I require judgment to fix the exact period, but there

me in considering this one of the most curious and { would be no difficulty about it. To cut such hay
interesting statements that have ever found their into chatT, must be by far the best mode of cxpciul-
way to this country ; and if it does not go far to in^, j,, mul i, jg reasonable to suppose that such
bear out the reasoning of your correspondent /ir, i fodder would be particularly sweet and suitable for
in your last number on "American farming," I : milk cows in winter, especially when given with

^'^'

must have read that article to little purpose to be

sugar beet, which also might be raised in this

80 mistaken. But what must wo think of sowing | country as ,i second crop of the greatest luxuriance

six bushels and a half of seed oats pr-r acre? It
would not he easy to persuade many, that any re-
turn can repay such an outlay, mi;/ how ! .^nd
then the mowers, being four days cutting four acres
of preen oats, at an expense, for this work alone,
of five dollars, and n farther expense of nearly ns
much for eUvni days drying and preparing and
putting into temporary stacks, to be pulled to pieces
in a lew days and taken to the barn yard, there to
be re-erected in larger stacks, preparatory and con-
venient for a final removal to thchay-lofk, at an ex-
pense of three dollars more. Say, therefore, for

I toll you, Mr Editor, 710 one knows the blessings
of such a climate — in other countries it is, of course
unknown, while here, we are so accustomed to it
as to be unable, properly to appreciate its ailvnnta-
Res. A. RA.\KI.\.

Perhaps our correspondent is not aware that the
Scotch acre is one fifth larger than the English
acre — say, ihcrefiire, four Scotch acres arc eipial
to five acres English. — Ed. Cabinet.

KIT'What ia here called oat hay, is common in
Ihe eastern part of Massachusetts. We often cut

China breed, giving greater size, and is well Cf
lated for that region of country, where it reqo
hard digging to dig feed enough together to fe\
large breed of large feeders. Besides, in Ma
chusetts, the art and mystery of making " wh.
hog bacon," is among the things often hcmd ■
but never seen. A farmer there without [nckl
pork, would feel in as great a pickle as one ui t
west would if his smoke house should happen
lose its wonted fullness before the full time to 1
fill iL So that the round and handsome barrel
the Mackay hog, when well fatted, being well ci
culatod to make u fat barrel of barrel pork, is Ihe ,
held in high esteem.

The " Hospital" breed of hogs is one that
been made up of Brrksliires, Mackay, and perl
some other, at the Massachusetts Ho.-:pital at W
cester ; and certainly if tho credit of a hog mu at ,
credit to an establishment, that does credit to th
State, the beautiful specimens of this breed 1
saw at the last fair at Worcester, are well cole
tod to do it. I hope none of your beautiful rea
will object to the term " beautiful hog," for
must po.>-sess less of & hoggish disposition thi
have, if they have no disposition to call
well disposed hog beautiful. The inmates ofl
Hospital certainly have no reason to complail
their ho.-;pitnble fare or spare diet, if they are 1
allowed to dine off the spare ribs nfsuch fair]
j?rs as tlie.<c.

The Neapolitan has sometimes been called '
gentleman's hog," which may be all right, for]
sure he should not be called the lady's ha
especially one of " those ladies" that put
taints upon the legs of the piano, because '^
could not bear to sec naked legs in the room f

t»i.. V \. xo. :««.

AND H 0 U T 1 C U L T [> K A f. R K (i I S T K R .

2A1

lNea|i>>litiui liojT, liavinj; come from a WBfm | rcniiily discomr the (IiIUtoiico in llio ;,'ri)Wlli ; imd
pti-y, liss nogloclcJ 10 coiiio properly clullicd, j » ln-n iiKiued, ifio part iiiaiiiircd willi iho iiiiiiernl ,
llicrcl'urc may bo said to be a imkfd Iioj;. ' yielded full one <|iinrtcr more crop For live yettri", [
kt little hair he lias is black. );rnurally, though , tlio field has averaj^cd t»'o tonx, and is by no means .
(tunes he Iries to hide his nakedness with olh- | a rich soil. 1 am no chemist, nnd ciiiinul describe
)lors. .-Vllhoiigh I think that a little more of ; by what property it acts on llio land. I I'oiind in '
kcd truth" would bo benetkial both to the crruss |;round where the varimis kinds tif foul grma ,

iH iii('>i(li>tv bultoiii, hss with common uaa|{e, produc-
ed Iroiii two to two and a half tons of hay onnuallj.
It mi|;ht be made to produce a much larger <|uao-
lity." — Ibid.

From llie Albany CultiTator.

and seller of " improicd" hogs, many of
h, it must bo coiiles.-ied. arc only made so by
acuity of hidin<; the naked truth ; yet I must
that tbo Neapolitan, although ho may ba a
enoui;h hojr fur a f^cntlcman, is not so for a

le more seiUenco about hogs, and I hsvo done
this " whole hog" subject,
nonij the recent importations, I saw an entire
variety, called "Kennilworlh liogs,'" in which
y will be found size enough even to suit the
of a southern gentleman, who wrote to Mr
for a hog "as big as a horse." For though
about tliree inonlhs old now, they are half as
and h.ilf aa high aa "a right smart chunk of a

e more word in the way of odvice, to all buy-
stock. Never purchase from ony man but
f known and established integrity, who has a
ctcr to lose, but which he is determined nev-
do.

d now, .Mr Editor, may you never have peace
jr mind while you have a piece in your pock-
tjl you have induced a goodly share of the
Its of the valley of the beautiful Ohio, to take
e of your monthly advice, that the best way
p peace in the family, will be to get a family
ceabic pigs in the pen, and then tliey will
be without a piece of good bacon, with which,
ho calls, they can treat their old friend,

SOLON ROBINSON.
kt C. H., /a., -Vou. 27, 1841.'

GL.ASS FACTORY MANURE.

ibjoiD the e.xperitnents of the Superintendent

Gloss Manufactory, at Sandwich, Plymouth
*cming Jarves, in the use of a material not
known as a manure. I am much indebted to
ndoess for this account. As there are some
nwe glass manufactories in Middlesex county,
bstance may be equally procurable there,
grceably to your request, I herewith give you
ment of the mode of using, and of the ef-
ts a manure, of the material obtained by the
Tinnufacturers in refining their pearl or pot
—usually called neutral salts, being that part

ash not soluble in water. After many ex-
!;ils, I found a barrel of this material well
with 10 horse cart-loads of soil or loam, was
Qst proportion. Too much care caiiiint be
n mixing the material well with the earth —
n its unctuous nature it is apt to lie in lumps,
1 more injury than good. When welF pre-
I have found it the most powerful manure I
ver seen used. I liave successfully applied
d in all cases as a top-dressing — on coUl
land, meadow, and high grass ground ; also

glic.J fields for rye, corn, oats, &,c. Whor-
sed It has been marked by powerful etfects.

various experiments I made, no other ma-
vos applied the same year. On one tield in
of about ten acres, I dressed a few acres at a
ith this miierial ; the other part of the field
led with barn manure, at a rate equal to l.j
la per acre. Before mowing, the eye could

or weeds grow — such as some. call lamb's loiijiue
sorrel, &ir.., ull these disappeared, and the clover
and lierdsgrass took their place. I am this full
dressing the last aero with this material, und do
not lulend to use any other manure ; my practice
has been to spread about '-20 loads to the acre. In
ploughed land I have found the same lieiieficial re-
sult when compared with that part manured with
barn manure.

How long its good effects will last, 1 cannot
say; certainly for three years its influence is felt.
Wet ground will bear more of it than dry ; too
much on dry ground burns the land.

It has been used in this vicinity, ot times, for
twenty years; but the want of knowledge in tem-
pering It, made its usefulness very limited. One
fanner for many years secured all a glass manu-
factory made ; and he told nie ten years since, he
used It secretly and with great success ; so much
so as to occasion much surprise among his neigh-
bors, that his farm yielded so luxuriantly, when he
did not appear to make more barn manure than they
did.

I once ploughed under a strong dressing, but
did not discover any good effect from it; my im-
pression at the time was, I lost my labor and ma-
terial.

Its alkaline property cannot be very strong, as
all that tan be obtained from it by the several pro-
cesses which it passes through in the hands of the
glass manufacturer, is small, yet strong enough to
neutralize the acid in the soil. When mixed as
heretofore named, and thrown in a pile, no weeds
will grow in it for two or more years, but it will
remain dry and barren." — Colman'3 Fourtli Report.

PRODUCTIVE LANK.

The produce of a small piece of land in Groton,
belonging to George Brigham, is so remarkable,
that I subjoin it. The owner, the year I visited
him, besides a full supply for his cow, sold ten dol-
lars' worth of hay. The abundance of the yield is,
I believe, to be in some measure attributed to the
fact that a large potash establishmcBt, forty years
since, stood on the lot.

"The small plat of ground which you saw when
at Groton, contains one and a half acre ; about one
half of which is meadow bottom, deeply gravelled
more than thirty years since. I mowed the grass
about twelve years, and once in three or four years
gave it a light dres.^ing of common manure. Find-
ing it to yield much more hay than was nece.ssary
for a cow, and wishing to save the trouble ond ex-
pense of pasturage, perhaps a mile or more from
home, 1 appropriated <me half acre for that purpose.
It produced a good supply for five years ; when I
gave It a light dressing of compost manure, and
reduced the pasture to sixtyeight rods by accurate
survey. It has for the last four years supplied iny
cow with an abundance of feed, from early turning
out to September first. The pasture is low ground
bordering <in meadow, and is altvays moist. I
have never noticed a dry spot, even in tlie driest
seasons.

"The adjoining acre, about two thirds of which

"DID Nr I DRU.M WELL.'"
.Many of your renders, doubtless, have road the
onecdote of the justly celebrnlod merchant of Bos-
ton, Hilly lirny, ns ho was fanulinrly called; but
lent oil your readers may not have seen it, I will
lake the liberty to give the substance here. When
Mr Gray was somewhat advanced in years, he was
one day superintending a piece of carpenter work —
for nothing about him was permitted to escape his
vigilant eye ; ho hail occasion to reprimond the
man who was performing it, fur not doing Ins work
well. The carpenter turned upon him — he and
" Hilly" beins known to each other in their youth ;
and said; " Hilly Gray, what do you presume to
scold me for ? You are a rich man, 't is true, but
did n't I know you when you were nothing but a
drummer?" "Well, sir, did'nt I drum wf//, eh,
did'nt I drum well T' The carpenter was silenc-
ed, and went on to do his work better, agreeably to
Ijilly's orders.

Billy Gray commenced his career a poor boy,
and began early and continued through his long
life to act on the principle of always drumming
well; or in other words, of doing every thing as
it ought to be done, and not by halves ; and the re-
sult was, that he died worth his millions of dollars.
A number of years since, I heard from his nephew,
who received his mercantile education in his un-
cle's counting house, several anecdotes connected
with his habits of early rising, untiring industry,
personal supervision of his imnjcnse bu.siness, and
the clock-work manner in which every thing about
him had to move — indeed, always "drumming
well" This is a text from which much, very much
might be deduced to the advantage of every far-
mer. Let us, one oml nil, endeavor through the
year 1842, to drum belter \.U.\i\ we have ever drum-
med before ; and an increased reward to our labors
will be the snre result. L. A. MORRELL.

Barley. — Barley should be sown as early in tho
spring as the ground can be well fitted for its re-
ception. We have known it sown from April to
June; but it may be observed, as a general rule,
that on soils equally prepared, the early sown
grain always gives the best samples. From the
1st to the 15th of May may be considered the usual
time of sowing. It rarely suffers from spring
frosts.

Any siul that will proiincj good roots, or clover,
will grow barley. It should bo rich and friable,
moist, but not wet. C<dd, heavy, tenacious soils
are unfit fur this crop. — Alhnny Cult.

A Cutting Reply. — An orphan beggor boy ap-
plied for alms at the house of an avaricious rector,
and received a dry mouhly crust. The rector in-
quired of thi-- boy if he could say the Lord's Prayer,
and was answered in the negative. " Then," said
the parson, " 1 will teach you that : repeat after

me — 'Our Father who' " Our father 1" said the

boy ; "Is he my father 03 well as yours?" " Yes,
certainly," said the priest. " Why then," replied
the boy, " how could you give your poor bruthtr
this niiJuldy crust of bread ?"

•252

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

FEB. 9, 181

For ihe N. E. Farmer.

POTATOES.

There is no use to me in proving lint .Mr Hnr-
num, of Vermont, raised 2000 bushels of potatoes
on an acre, e.xcept thnt of provoking' me to a8l< hotp
it was (Jont. I dcBire to raise two thousand bush-
els to the acre ; but Mr Barnuni and the editor do
not tell me how to do it.

Facli, which tell only what has been done, sre
not satisfactory ; we want truths which tell wliat
may be done, and hoio it may be done. S. W.

(JIT'We have had from varioua sources, hints of
wishes that we would republish Mr Barnum's state-
ment to which we have referred, (vol. xiii. p. 320,
N. E. Farmer.) Aa miiny of our subscribers are
probably rot in possession of thut volume, we talio
the hints, and republish the statement so far as the
mode of cullurt is concerned.

We are glud that S. W. wants to rais? ^000
bushels per acre, and hope he may succeed accord-
ing to his wishes. We have f<iith thnt it can be
done, but are no firm believer that it will ojltn be
done.

We have made a hasty casting of figures and
find that if one should plant in hills 3 ft. •'} in. apart
each way, and put one potato in each hill, there
will be required to seed an acre 4000 potatoes.
Mr Barnum's distances will require :il,3ll0. We
liave just weighed one half a peck of eastern blue-
noses, (rather small,) and find the weight 8 1bs. ;
and a common sized potato of the lot weighs 1 oz.
This will give 33 potatoes in the half pci k, or 256
per bushel. Dividing 4000 by 25(), we obtain 1.5
5-8 bushels as a co'.uno?! seeding. And dividing
;jl,;WO by 250, we gtt 122 1-2 bushels as the seed
required in Mr Barnum's way. The e.xpense of
seeding and of tilling is great, but try a small
patch, and see if you do not git well paid for the
expense. — Eo.

From Mr Barnum's statement : —

" PREPAKATION FOR PLANTISO.

"Whatever soil may be selected for this purpose,
to insure a large crop it should be highly manured
with compost, decomposed vegetables or barn yard
manure — the latter I consider preferable, when it
can be obtained with convenience ; if raw or
coar.se be made use of, it should be spread imme-
diately before the first plowing, on the same day,
to prevent the evaporation of its best qualities,
wliich Will rapidly depart if left exposed to the sun
and Blinnsphcre.

"The first should bo deep plnwingv. nnd may he
done as early as suits the conveniei.ee •f the culti-
vator. If B stiff marl or clay soil, it i anid be well
to have it plowed late in the fall previous to plant-
ing. Where compost or other substances not lia-
ablc to fermentation, are intended us a manure, it
is better the spreading should be omitted until just
before the last plowing, after which it should be
thoroughly harrowed fine and smooth as possible,
then take a narrow light cullivulor, or small plow
calculated for turnmg a deep narrow furrow ; with
this instrument lay your land' in drills, twenty in-
ches asunder and four inches in depth, running
north and south, if prnclicable, to admit the roy.f
of the sun to strike the plant equally on both side^f ;
put into the bottom ol the furrows or drills about
two iurhes of well rotted barn yard manure or its
equivalent, then drop your potatoes, if of the com-
mon si'/.e, or what is more important, that they con-

tain about the usual quantity of eyes ; if more,
they should be cut, to prevent too many stalks
shooting up together. Put a single potato in the
drill.s or trenches 10 inches apart; the first should
remain uncovered until the second one is deposit-
ed. Plaee them diagonally in the drills, which
will afl^iird more space between the potatoes one
way, than if laid at right nngle."< in the rows. The
covering may be peiformed with a hoe, first haul,
iiig in the furrow raised on each side the drill, then
carefully take from the centre of the space the
soil to finish the covering to the depth of 3 1-2 or
4 inches. By taking the earth from the centre of
the space on either side to the width of 3 inches,
it will leave a drain of 6 inches in the centre of
the space, and a hill of 14 inches in width, gently
descending from the drill to the drain ; the width
and depth of the drill will be sufficient to protect
the plant against any injurious effects of a scorch-
ing sun or drenching rain. The drains in the cen-
tre will at all times be found sufficient to admit the
surplus water to pass off. I am not at all tena-
cious about the instrument to be made iise of lor
opening the trenches to receive the manure and
potatoes ; this work should be well done, and may
he performed with a eoinmon lioe, with much uni-
formity and accuracy, by stretching a line to di-
rect the operation: it is true that the labor cannot
be performed with the same facility as with a horse,
but it can bo belter done, and I think at less ex-
pense, taking into consideration the labor of the
man to hold, the boy to ride, and the horse to draw
the machine.

DRESSI.ilG, IIOF.ING, KIC.

"When the plant makes its appearance above
the surface, the following mixture may be used :
Fi.r each acre, take one bushel of plaster and two
bushels good ashes and saw it broad cast as even
as possible. A moist day is preferable ft)r this
operation, for want of it a still evening will do.

"I consider this mixture decidedly more benefi-
cial and much safer than plaster or ashes alone.
The alkali and nitre contained in the ashes lose
none of their fertilizing qualities in a moist season,
and the invaluable properties ol the plaster are
fully developed in a dry one, by decomposing the
atmosphere and retaining to a much later period in
tii8 morning the moisture of the evening dews.
There are but few plants in our country that re-
ceive so great a share of their nourishment from
the atmosphere as the potato. The time for dre.-ss-
ing or hoeing will be found diflicult to describe,
and must be left to the judgment of the cultivator ;
it should however, in all climates be done as early
as the first buds for blossoms make their appear-
ance.

The operation of hilling should be performed
once and oiice onh/, during the season ; if repented
after the potato is formed, it will cuuse young
shoots to spring up, which retards the growth of
the potato and diminishes its size. If weeds spring
11(1 at any time, they should be kept down by the
hand or hoe, which can be done without disturbing
the growing stalk.

My manner of /lOfing or hitltnfr is not to haul in
llic earth from the spaces between the hills or rows,
but to bring on fresh carlh sufficient to raii-e the
hill around the plant 1 1 .2 or 2 inches. In a wet
.season Ihe lesser quantity will be suflicient ; in a
dry one, the larger (piantity will not be found too
much. The substance for this purpose may con-
sist of the scrapings of ditches or filthy sticcts, Ihe

earth from a barn yard that requires levelli
where convenient, it may be taken from swar
marshes, the beds and hanks of rivers or si
sluggish streams at ]ov water. If planted c
clay soil, fresh loam taken at any depth from
surface, even if it partakes largely of fine sand,
he found an excellent top-dressing. If planted
a loamy soil, the earth taken from clay pits, c
or slaty soil, will answer a valuable purpose,
fact, there are but few farms in the country
what may he furnished with some suitable 8
stance for top-dressing if sought for. The hoe
and iiillii-g may be performed with facility by
! aid of a horse and cart, the horse 'ravelling in
centre of a space between the drills, the cart whi
occupying the two adjoining ones, tliereby av<
ing any disturbance or injury to the growing pla
The tune for colleeting the top dressing may
regulated by the farmer's own convenience ;
earlier the better. Deposited in large piles ir
near the potato field, is the most suitable place
distribution."

From the Northern Light.
NOTES FROM MY DIARY.

i'!

BT C. N. BEMfNT.

I have kept a " diary" or journal of the " doin,
on my farm for the last six years, wherein ev
thing of importance relating thereto is carefiu
noted ; and more particularly wherein experime-
are tried, as without my notes they would be
little use. It is the detail and conectncss t
give to experiments, whether favorable or unfa.
rable, their intrinsic value. Should the followii
meet approbation, I may occasionally furnish
ors.

li

Gtrmlnation of Steds. — In order to hasten (»
mination, I soak my mangel wiirlzel and beet set i
in hot water, and keep them warm for four or I ,
days previous to depositing them in the grou ,
then draw off the water, and to make them s y
easier, I have generally sprinkled and rolled th „
in plaster of Paris. One year I tried on a pi |
lime in powder, and to my surpri.sc, that part whi ||
was limed came up some days earlier than U-
rolled in plaster, and that which was rolled in pi
ter came up a few days before that which was ol
soaked. The former kept the lead in color, si
and luxuriant growth, ihroughout the season. ■
In 184(1, after soaking the seeds of my si
' beets in warm water four days, and draininpi
I the water, I rolled a part in air slacked lime
I powder ; which, besides furnishing an alkali,
a great atHnily fi)r carbonic acid, which appeal
be necessary to be extracted from the starch bel
j it can be made soluble, and which produces
' by concentration of the oxygen and carbon
being extracted. After the seeds were thorou,
* dampened and drained, I sprinkled them with
powder of liinc, and kept tlieni damp by the us
a small watering pot, for five or six days ; at
end of which time they had become plump,
' when deposited in the ground they were not li
'in pushing through their seed leaves, healthy,
j right, and dark green in color, ond the plant heall
and vigorou.". The reasons why I preferred 1
were, its cheapness, and the affinity of quick li
' for carbonic acid. As to its alk.ilinc prope
soda would probably be much more powerful,
lime seemed to be the more powerful, and
which had produced the most cfiect in the cxpeii

vol.. w. i«i>. 1-4.

AND II O li T I C U L T IT R A L REGISTER,

2d3

nts "I" M I'ovcn ami others, iti rpfcrcncc to llic
le matter. The »eril wa« kept damp until »own,
he dry powder uoiilj be apt to injure the vitnl-

Bml seed;! do nut suit well lo have their dor-
il powers brought into action without beinjius-
led, for if for «dvance<l and severely checked,

a course mijht dostroy lifo alloijother.

ly altontiou wan tir>t drawn to this fiibjoct in

7, hv one of my nei(;libor«, who tried the expe-

nt on his corn and potatoes with sinfrular suc-

Ilia field of corn was noticed by every one

passed it, as heinj of a much darker color, and
ntaininj; a much more healthy nppcarnnco than
other crop in the neijjhborhood : and hia crop

better, and the grain superior to that of his
rhbors. It will be recollected Ihnt the year of

was a very unpropitious season for corn. He
ied it in the hill, where the seed was planted.

to seeds containing albumen, principally in
form of starch, that it will be of most benefit,
ice the propriety of rolling wheat in lime be-
sowincr it.

or the last two years 1 have been in the prac-
of u.'>ing a composition for my corn, which I

found very beneficial. 1 applied it as soon as
plants appeared above ground, and ai^fain after
first hoeing. It consisf'd of one part slacked
, one port of ashes, and one part of plaster,

mixed together, and applied the same as plas-
>a the hill. Since using this composition I

never been troubled with the grub or cut
n ; and even the crows have not thought proper
ouble me.
lba»ii, Jan., 184"2.

For the N. E. Farmer.

lEST TREES—EFFEC rS OP CROPPING.
R Editor — In a communication on the subject
anting forest seeds, (N. R. Farmer, vol. xviii.

Ill,) it was remarked that my success with
evcral kinds of acorns had been far from sal-
tory and gave little promise of much benefit
ly generation. The growth from the acorn

four or five years was a mere shrub, which
d more like an incumbrance on the land than
oundatioiv of the stately oak tree. This ill
ess, it was supposed, might be ascribed chiefly,
I altogether, lo the character of the tdil in
h the acorns were planted : it was, in the lan-
c of farmers, icorn out land. But we did not
ely despair of some success even in so ua-
ising a situation, it was determined to try the
rinicnt of cropping about the first of M.iy.

was done last spring, not so early in Alay as
thavc been desirable, but about the middle of
lonlli. We cut do»n a part of the shrubs
with the ground, and left a part in the natural
, that the ctfect of cropping might clearly ap-
On the 21st of June the field was visited,
t was found that sonic of the sprouts from the
ps hid grown to the length of sixteen inches
tie more than one month. Several sprouts
ig from every stump: some care and labor

necessary during the summer, in clearing
■ redundant sprouts and preserving only one
e mo=t vigorous and shapely to each stump.
iC close of vegetation last fall, the sprouts

taller than the natural growth from the acorn
c years. Thus far, the experiment has been
ded with all desired success. Whether there
lie sufficient energy in the soil to produce tim-
rces, time will show. The writer cannot ex-

pert to see any near approach of the lre<"s lo ma-
turity ; but it is cnoU|;h tu stimulate him to perse-
vering labor, to know that every root introduci-d
into the soil, and every leaf that falls on if, are do-
ing something in its reitori>tion lo the primitive
slate. The renovation of exhausted land* is of
high importance to the community. It is painful
luid dishi'arloning to surveyor travel over fields
that answer no other visible purpose than post ways
to more iisuful spots. The recovery of all our
worn fields cannot bo effected in processes of cul-
tivation, probably for centuries, unless the tide of
emigration, which is now swelling the population
of the West, should at some time turn and (low
with as great forco eastward. It is very little la-
bor for us to sow forest seods in those fields w!iich
we cannot renew in n course of cultivation. In
doing this, we are preparing a most valuable inhe-
ritance for future generations. We cannot sup-
press an emotion of wonder that so liltlc has been
ilone lo replenish barren wastes with such trees an
would enrich the soil, beautify the face of the coun-
try, and ullimalely supply some of the most press-
ing wants of society in a rigorous climatu, by fur-
nishing both shelter and fuel. Are we slow to
engage in this easy work because there is nothing
in it of Yankee zest, immediate profit? Let us
not, in worship of the fr.scinating idol, sordid gain,
forfeit our charact<^rs as philanthropists or grow
unmindful that other human beings are to succeed
us, to whom accommodations and productive soils
wjJI be equally important as to us.

MORRILL ALLEN.
Ptmbroke, Jan. W, 1842.

TIGHT LACING.

The following is extracted from a work recently
published in New York, enlilled " Personal Rccol-
Uclions, by Char'.otlc ElizubetU" : —

• * " My dear fallier was right; and it would
be a happy thing for girl)" in general, if somewhat
of appearance, and of acquirement too, was sacri-
ficed to what God has so liberally provided, and to
the enjoyment of which a blessing is undoubtedly
annexed. Where, among females, do we find- the
stamina of coiislitiilion, and the elasticity of spirit
which exist in those of our rural population who
follow out-door eniploym'.'nt ? It positively pains
me to see a party of t'irls, a bonncled and tippetcd
double-file of humanity,

" That like a wounded snake, drags ils slow Icnjth along,"
under the keen surveillance of a governe.'is, whose
nerves would never be able lo endure the shock of
seeing them bound over a stream or scramble
through a fence, or oven toss their heads and throw
their limbs as oil young animals, except that op-
pressed class called young ladies, are privileged to.
Having ventured, in a fit of my country d iriiig, to
break the ice of this very rigid and frigid subject,
I will recount another instance of the paternal good
sense to which I owe, under God, the physical
■powers without which my liltle talent might have
laid by in a napkin all my days.

One morning, when his daughter was about eight
years old, my father cuin>? in, and found sundry
preparations going on, the chiet materials for
which were buckram, whalebom*, and other stiffar-
ticlos ; while the young lady was under measure-
ment by ilii; hand.-i of a female friend.

" Pray what are you !>oing to do to the child ?"

"Going to fit her with a pair of stays."

" For what purpose ?"

" To impinve her figure: no young lady can
grow up properly wiihout them."

"I beg your pardon: J^oiiiig' Kfiitlnuen grow up
very well witho'it them, and so may yuuuK liidiet."

"Oh, you are mMiakcii. See what a sloop aha
has already : depend un it, this girl will be both a
dwarf and a cripple, if we do n't put her into stays."

"My child may bo a cripple ma'am, if such is
(iod's will ; but »\\e shall be one uf //i> making, not
our»."

All remonstrance was vain ; stays and every »pe-
cies of light dress were strictly prohibited by the
authority of one whoso will was, as every man'i
ought to be, absolute in his own household. He
also carefully watched again.st any evasion '>f the
rule: a riband draw ii tightly n und my wuist would
have been cut without hesitation, by his deter-
mined hand; while the liltle girl of Ihe anxious
friend whose operations he had inlerriipled, enjoyed
all the advantages of that system from which I was
preserved. She grow up a wand-like figure, grace-
ful and interesting, and died of decline at nineteen ;
while I, thnugli not able lo compare shapes with a
wasp or an hour-glass, yet passed musler very fairly
omong human forms of God's moulding; and I
have enjoyed to lhi.9 hour a rare exemption from
headaches, and otiior lady-like maladies, that ap-
pear the almost exclusive privilege of women in the
higher classes."

SHEEP.

Choice of Parents. — It is in general supposed,
that if the female be by descent small, that the
longth of the legs of the issue will not be influenc-
ed by the male. The weight of the carcass is ■
good deal aflected by the male, but not so much
as by the female. The impressions of one or the
other, especially of the male, do not cea.>'j on the
birth of the fruits of a connc.lion, for though he
may have no further meeting with thai female, yet
are the succeeding offspring tinged with his pecu-
liar color, or modelled after his form. This is well
illustrated by a fact which came tindir the notice
of the Earl of Morion. His lord^llip bred from a
male quagga and a mare of seven eighths Arabian
blood, a female hybrid, displaying in form and col-
or her mixed origin. The marc was then given to
Sir Gore Oiiseley, who bred from her first a filly
and afterwards a colt, by a fine black Arabian
horse; but both of these, in their color and in llie
hair of tlieir manes, strongly resembl .'d the quagga.
This isolated fact vould be, however, but of > small
v.'ihie if uns-jpporled by others, which arc luckily
now of common occurrence, among which the fol-
lowing tends strongly to its corroboration: — In the
Philosophical Transactions for 1821, Dr. Wollaa-
ton relates that D: Giles, Esq. had a sow of the
black and while kind, wjiicli, after littering by a
chislnul boar, of the wild breed, was put, some
time after the death of this, to boars of quite a
different variety, yet the oflspring were covered
with chest:iut marks, so as closely to resemble
llie long-departed parent. — Blacklock's Trtalist.

Men ought to he esteeniod for their moral worth
and intelligence, not for their comeliness, p.irent-
ttgo and wealth, whii;h so generally receive the
homage of society. j'orlune often bestows the
latter on the most worlhles.s and despiculile char-
acters, while she withholds ihein from the moat
viriiious and deserving. — iitlectrd.

254

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

FEB. 9, I84!S.

AND HORTICULTURAL RKGISTER.

DoSTOif, W£DI(ESnAT, FEBRUARY 9, 1642.

FIFTH AGRICUI-TURAL MEETING AT THE
STATE HOUSE.

Silk .Culture.

Mn Q,umcr, President of the Senntfi, in the Chair.

Rev^. Air liarbour, ufOxfurd, stated thut in rnlntion tu
every new branch of agriculture, there are snine impor-
tant qucstiuiia at ihe bottom. Are l\<a cUmntc, soil, ge-
nius of the people, :ind liic market Cxvor^hlo ? If thoy
are, the tiusinesa proniiHcs well

la ciur climate tavorable to the silk business.'* Fur
this business there is wanted a cliivate warvi and dry,
but not hot. A temperature of 70 to SO degrees is bet
ter than n higher. The worms suffer in very hot weath-
er. Our climate is war :i enough to imswer-very well,
and it is dry, na are all climates where the prevailing
winds are land winds. Silk requires tlie s.inie ilijnate
as corn. The (jood corn cliinale is lavorable to both tlie
tr«e and the worm. Our climate is better than any oth-
er, exrepiing that of China, and is as good as that, being
very much like it. Dr. Parker, a missionary, and a na-
tive of the East who is travellin;; in fl>i,'i country with
the Doctor, say that our climate is the same— ihat the
trees now are getting to be the same, andcullivalion the
same ; that is, wo now head down the treeS'Ss they do.
Some now cut up the bushes or twigs and gather the
leaves in that way. The trees need not be taken up in
the fall, I'Ul in spring they must be headed down — (cut
near the ground, if we understood the matter. — Ed.^

We have fed in closed rooms, but it may be better to
feed in open sheds, as they do in China. This practice
has not yet been adopted here. We have taken all our
ideas from Europe, rather than from China; though we
probnb'y ought to learn from the latter country, whose
climate is liko ours.

Efforts were made to grow silk in this oonnlry more
thon a century ago. Mr liarbour rc»d some interesting
extracls from the silk journal of President Styles, show-
ing that the subject here received attention as long ago
as 1727, and that then the climate was favorable. But
the colonials had oLstnles which do not now oblruct
our course. U was and is the poliey of England to
make her colonies produce raw material, while she
would do the manufacturing at home. Attempts were
made to transport cocoons, but thiy mildewed, and al-
ways will, on the passage. There was in the colonies
but little manufacturing enterprise— but now our coun-
try is full of it.

ffail. — Is our soil suitable? There is wanted alight,
dry soil ; sandy, gravelly or a light loam, Such is bet-
ter than heavy soil, and gives better »ilk. A proper me-
dium is desirable. The trees should grow well, but not
rank. A soil that will give 35 bushels of corn lo the
acre, is rich enough. Has had acres of trees, mostly
multicaulis, staniling out in winlcrs past, aml.hns not
lo.it any. Sometimes the twigs arc killed, but this is of
no consequcnco, as he cuts the trees down in the spring.
Habits. — Are the habits of our country favorable? —
This pursuit may be more intellectual than most branch-
es of farming, but it is not more diOJculi than others.
Wo have onterpriso and industry enough. Compara-
tively littlj has been done in the manufacture — but we
are improving in thai. If there bo difficulties, the man-
ufacturing spiiit of the ago will surimunl them. More
practical knowledge is needed, but ihis can soon bo
gained.

.tfur/it(.— We import silk annually t(j the amount of

30 millions. This is the largtsl item of imports. Why
m.ed it bj so ? The demamls of the home market will
be extended. There can be no frar of glutting the mar-
ket in one generation. But suppose you have supplied
the home market. The United States may take the lead
of the world in supplying Uio markets of the world
Our climate is as good as any — our skill and industry
are greater than those of any other country, where the
climate favors the busini ss. In other inanufactures
England competes with us; but in this she cannot: her
climate is too moist.

High Price of Labor. — Labor is worth not what it
costs, but what \l produces. We have drivfn India cot-
ton out of the market. He was born in the back part
of Vermont, and remembers when he had his first cotton
shirt to wear to meeting, and it cost 42 cents per yard.
And yet, nolwithsl Hiding the low price of labor ill In-
dia, no one here now would make up India cottons if
given to him. And what has caused the change ? The
ingenuity and skill of rjur manufacturers have been such
■as lo more than counterbalance the low wages of India.
^Inother Staple. — We need another staple — anolJier
! branch of industry. We want something with which to
meet our foreign exchanges. Cotton has seen its be.st
days. Rice, tobacco, meat and grain do not meet our
wants in full. Silk can answer the purpose. For the
last ^0 years our iinporlations amount lo 247 millions
above our exports. If I buy 247 dollars worth more
than I sell from my farm in a year, 1 run in debt or
draw upon reserved oapital. So of the nation. It may
sometimes be wise to lun inlo debt. Our debt to foreign
nations is about 2o0 rMillions. The amount of our silk
importations in *J0 years has been about 250 millions.
The inference then is this : we have gone into ilcbt for
our silk goods. No wonder that we have hard times.
No more doubt exists that we can grow silk successfully,
than that we can grow corn, potatoes, &c. There is no
more difficulty in fcediiiji Ifie worms than in feeding
chickens.

Mr Field, of Chnrlamont, staled that moat persona
who have attended to the subject, will agree with the
statements of Mr Barbour. The business is in its in-
fancy. It is liablu'to some interruptions — bad seasons
for this, as for other things, will come. This promises
as well as any other business in which we have had no
more experience. Want of skill in the care of the
worm is probably the greatest difficulty. We have not
yet satisfactorily learned the best modes of administering
the food. He thinks a tight room, so constructed as to
admit of good ventilation, is belter than open sheds.
Does not hold up the idea that farmers should neglect
other crops for this, but that they should have this as
a source of employment for females. It is well suited
to them, excepting the collecting of the leaves, and to
this they may attend in some cases.

G( n Hulnian, of Itolton, thinks that the agriculture
of Massachusetts requiies a new staple. Rail roads
will bring down the prices of our agricultural produce.
Wo must compete Willi N«w York and the West Our
agricultural iiuercsts will suffer, unless wo get some
t\ew article. What shall we take hold of? Silk may be
resorted to— and, said Gon. 11., I expect lo get my liv-
ing frcmi that branch of farming. Ho has experience —
and ihc greatest difficulty— ihal of gelling foliage enough

has been overcome by the process of cropping the

trees. Foliage can bo produced at so low a rate as to
make this a first rate business lit has reeled, thn last
season, 50 lbs. ; lins 20 or 30 more to reel. Ho intends
lo prosecute it for a livelihood in connection with other
fanning opcratiims;— thinks he has made it profitable.

Air Dodge, of Hamilton, thinks matters in relation to
ihia subject look brighter than two years ago, and is

glad of it. But he should be sorry to tbink this the onl
bright spot in thu rirmer's prospects. If we need
new si i|jle, will not farmers choose to lake one abov
which we have nut so much lo Jearn ? He doub^
whether iliey will touch it, unfil it can be proved to b
prufitaL^le. 'I'fie rail roads nmy cause our farmers to su
fer in relation to some articles ; but in hay, also in win
tdr apples, wfiicli are soon to be called for for forein
markets, we can do well. There seems to be no wan
of eniploynient for females — and should they engage i
the silk business, the men almost will have to bee
dairyiromcn. Can the worms be kept back from hatch
ing until iho leaves are grown to feed them upon ?

Gen. Holinan, Mr Field and Mr Barbour all statei
that experience proved that they can.

There was much subsequent conversation, which Wf It'
have no sjace for rejiorting.

Subject for discussion at the next meeting — Sht^ ||
Husoondrij.

THE WEATHER— AGAIN

The inildnrss of the winter is so remarkable as to d*<
erve particular record. Last week, we described

il:

month of January. On Thursday and Friday of laai I*?
week, (Feb. 3 and 4,) we liad very warm rains. Nearljl '1^
all the frosl was out of the ground on Saturday morninfl *
We are told that soma farmers and gardeners in the
cinity have loday been plowing. This afternoon wi
noticed that the buds on the elms that urnamcni ihi
sidewalks of Boston neck, have swollen very perccpti |k^
biy. Lilac buds by our window in Roibiiry, are begiitt
ning to burst.

Saturday, P. M., Feb. 5, 1842.

WHAT WINS FAME?
Ghahles Dickens Jiaa power iowrile, just as common
and poor people talk. Because he has done this inll
he is honored with more attention and fume than wuuld
be given to almost any other person who could come tc
our city from the old world. This looks well; — w(
would have wieaihs of fame placed upon the brow o
him who sympathizes with tfie poor and oppressed, anb
who makes millions of readers sympathize with liil
while they turn over his pages, true to life — far rathi
had we that such genius should be honored wilh the
laurel garland, than Ihat it should encircle the heads «l
those who have been successful in the field of battle, or
who wear the titles of nobility or royally.

'

Correction. — In giving last week an account of some
fino hogs (Bylield and Mackay crosi) raised by Col.
Daniel Adams, we called litest Newbury his place uf re-
sidence. He resides in Newbury, and his adilr. - ,f
Aewburyport.

irrTke will of the late Mr Benjamin Bussey, ofRrq

bury, was presented for Probate on Tuesday lasl.
has left an immense estate. After providing li:uKUon
ly for his imniediale descendanls, he has given one ht
of his property for the establishment of an aoricullurll
school on the place where he lived in Ruxbury : on*
quarter to the Law school, and one quarter to the TIhO-
logical school cnnnecled wilh Harvard Univer.-i'. —
Bos;. Times of Monday.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

KXHinirlO.N OF FRDITS.

Saturday, Feb. 5, 1S42.,
Isabella Grapes, in a fiiio statu of preservation — froA
J. L. L. F. Warren, Brighton.

For the CommittB, B. V. FRENCH

4

vol,. tX. so. .T).

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

2.')'>

TIlERMO.MKTKirAI..
RrpoTlrdlnr Ihr Nrw Encland PMintr.
^<if tlir rhftrini>inrirrni ilie (iiirtfpiior ll»e propririom
lllr Nrw EnnUn.l Flinnrr llriKlH.in. Mniu. in « ihatlr.!
^kfthctly rxpoaiire, for the ucfk en<ling Prh. 6.

IRIUHIO.N MARKKT— MosDAT, Feb. 7, 1843

Krporird rorllic Nrw Enflancl Farinrr.

At Market 300 Bpef Cattle, 720 Sheep nml GO

fine.

HICKS.— B««/ Calllt A few choice cattle were la-

al about )!6. We qiinto first quality, $ri 50 n '>

Seciind quality, $4 75 a 5 75. Third quality f:)

S**--/!.— Lota were sold $1 75, $2 US, $3 00, $3 50,

I f-t 50.

iteine. —A lot to peddle at <tc. At rettil rrom 3 1-3

'rratum. In our report last week Beef Cattle should
^e been reported as high as tliey are this week.

WIIOLES.4.tE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uU/i great care, weekly

BEDS. Herds Grass, $'2 2.'; to 3 00 perl>usbel Red Top,
S5 cents. Clover— Nonhern, 13c. — Soulhern, 12 to 13 c.

Seed, »l 8) to t 83 l)u. Lucerne, 2j c per lb. Ca-
Seed. »4 00 a 4 50 per bushel.
IR.41N. The sales of the week have been, new while,
63c ; old do 64c ; a cargo yellow flat, 6oC ; and old do,

stares, Ga a 7Dc per bubliel. Oats are quite dull of sale,
per bushel.

am — Northern, bushel "2 to 73 — do. Round Yellow 70
—do. Soulhorn Flat Vellow 63 n 60— While do. 62 a 64
irley 65 a 6!j— Oats — Soulhern 47 a 50 — Northern do.

50 — Beans, per Imshcl 75 a 1 60.
jOUR. An increased demand at the early part of the
« for Genesee, and diminished stock of common grands,
led to a slight advance in prices; sales were ihen freely

at (6 31 a 6 37, and at the close, with a mere moderate
less, the market is firm at S6 41, and for fancy, S6 50
>hl. The Iransaciious in soulhern have been at rather
r rates: Howard slreel, 46 12 a 6 is, 4 mos. Baliiraore
non, i6 00, 4 mos. and other descriptions al quotations.

common, 46 12 1-2, aad do Canal, fancy, t6 31 a 6 37
;r bbl.

Ilimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $6 12 a 5 25— do.
f, t6 00 — do. free of garlic. 86 12 a 6 S5— I'hila-
>ia Ho. 4 mos. *6 no a 6 12— Kredoricksbur?, lowl'd 4

(6 00 a 6 12— .\leiandri.i, wharf mnunlain, S6 00 a

Georgetown, 46 12 a 6 23 — Riclimond Canal, 36 12

City, 47 00 — Genesee, common, cash, *6 44— do fancy
(s 46 50 a 6 56— Ohio via Canal, 46 25 a 6 37 Indian

in bl)ls., 43 00 a 3 2o.

OVISIONS. The most important movements in the
et the past week have been by auction, comprising 262
■iVeslern clear Pork, at 4» 62 a 10 25 ; 150 do Mess do,
■3 ; 9i) do Prime, sour and unsound. 2 87 a 3 50 per bbl.

ks Hams 3 3-1 a 4c ; 17 casks pickled shoulders 1 3-4
, 4 mos. Also, 70 bhls Weslern Mess Pork 8" 23 ; 10
ime do, 6 50 a 6 75 per bbl. 4 mos ; 200 kegs VVcMern '
5 3'4c per lb. 4 mos.

!f— .Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 4|0 00 — Navy— 48 .50 a 9 00
. 1 4^ 00— do Prime 45 00 a 5 50— Pork— Extra clear,

bbl. 412— do Clear 410 a 11— do Mess 49 00 a 8 5(1
Prime 47 03 a 7 50— do Mess from other Slates 86 50
1.

)0L. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ei-
ion shall not exceed S els. per pound, free. All where-

value exceeds 3 els. per pouml, 32 per ct. ad. val. and

per pound.

es of pulled and fleece have been made to some extent

quoted prices.

ne or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 50 c— Amer-
full l.lou<l,do 43 a 46— Do 3 4 do40 a 41 — Do. 1-2 do
37—1-4 and eommon do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Sheep,
!d,20 a 26— Uo. unwashed, 10 a 14— Bengasi do
— Saxooj , clean, — Buenos Ayrcs unpicked, 7 a 10—
>. picked, 12 a 16— Siipcrlinc Nonhern pulled lamb 37

n 42— No. I dn. do. do. 35 ■ 37— No. S do do do 88 ■ 30-
Nk. adodndu 18 aSO.

11 A V, per ton, 420 loSS-Rmilem Screwed 4igia3n.

HOPS. The slock at market i^ chiefly New Hanipkhire
Hops, and n«l of the first (piuliiy. Mn-.>a>'hii->oiis iiihp'c.
linn srnrcc. and smalt parcels command 12 ■ 12 1-2 {k*i lb.

1st sort. Mass. 1841 per lb 12 a 13.

t'HEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to Ec —New 5 toH.

F.GGS, 16 a 25.

FARMS FtinSAI.lC.

To I r sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres nl I.,inH
beautifully silualeil. one mile anil a qunrier from ihr cenfre
of Billcrun, on the main road leudini; from (.owell lo Bos-
ton ■, 7 miles from ihe former, nnil 17 miles from the luller
place There is a large Ow lling House thereon, suitable
ior two families; also a lar?e Barn. Also, an establish,
meni built two years since for keening swine, with an appar-
atus for boiling with steam, an^l having every other coiive-
iiionce for the business. Also a Wood Slied. ('hnisc House,
(;rKniiry, and Cider Mill House, with a Graler Mill,

Also, nnuther Farm adjn ning the above, containing about
ihirty five acres of Land, having a Dwellin ! House and large
Shop built two tears ago, for a shoe esiablishment. Then
hove iiameil laniis are of an excellent quality of every vnnptv
of soil, well calculated for profitable farming, and es|iccially
adapted to Fruit, Hay and Vegeiables for niiirket, and con-
taining more than 300 Fruit Trees- — Saiii estate can be con-
venienlly divided so as to make three good fari:is, or the
shop with five or six acres of land can be sold separately to
suit purchasers.

The above properly if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Public .Auction on Thursday ihe 17lh of March
next al 10 o'clock A. M. on Ihe premises.

Any gentleman from ihe city, wishing a handsome situa-
tion for a country residence, or any farmer oi mechanic wish-
ing to purchase, may do well lo call and view the premises.

1n<|uire of the subscriber, living ii<ar the same.

SEKENO FISK.

Billerica, 'Jan.M», 18J2. ist I7M.

SON DIALS.
Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo->re's, Suii Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the lime
of day in the garden or field. Price 76 cents. For sale bj
J. BRECK * CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept I .

'WILLIS'S LATBST IMPROVED VBGBTABLB
CVTTER.

This machine snrpassas all oihers for ilie purpose of ciif'
ting Ruia Baga, Mangel Wurt^el, and oiher roots Th«
great objection lo oi!«.r m.ichines, is iheir culling ihe roots
iiilo slices, which mokes ii almost impossible for the cattle
to get hold of [hem; this machine wiih a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient forlhccattlelo eat. It will cut with ease from
one to two Inshcl. of rooi.* |wr minntc.

Forsalrbv JOSEPH BRECK ii CO., at the .\ew Eng.
land Agrieultural Warehouse, No SI and 57 North Market

Street, Boston.

Sept. 1

OHINDSTO.VES, OBI FRICTIOIV ROLLERS.

Grindstones of dilTerent sizes hung on friction rollers and
moved with a foot ircader. is found to be a greal imprnva
menl on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
ease with which Ihey move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy lo lurn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in the act nf grinding can
gover.n the slone more to his mind by having the complete
control ol his work. Stones hung in this manner are he-
coming daily more in use, and wh.rever used give univer-
sal satisfaction. The rollers can he attached lo stones bun
in Ihe common way.

Forsalei.y JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and s.i
iSorth Market Boston. July 14

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

iMcut iinprnvpiinnis have been made the pa>t year in Ik*
form and wotlimnnvhip o( these Ploughs; the mould bi ar^
bus been so formed at to lai/ Ihe furrme 'ntniilrUhj nrir.
lumin/f in erenj parlirle of ffrum or §iuH>le, and icirinff Die
,^rnuntl in l/ir hrsl pohsi'ble manner. 'The liniih of ib*
mould board has hi n very much increnM.I, .o thai tha
Plough works wiih Ihe greaiest ease, boih wiih re»p.cl I*
the holding nnil ilie team. The Coininillie at the late triaj
of I'loughs al Worce-sler, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as 10 which of 111* Plnui(hi
we shou'd prefer bir use on a farm, we mighi prrhapo saj la
Ihe inquirer, if your land is mostly light ami e.isi lo wmk,
try Prouly & Mcars, but if your /anrfw /icai>y, A-;rJ orroc/.y,

BEGIN WITH Ma. lloWABO's."

At Ihe above ine'.t;oned trial the Howard Pl'ugh ilH
more work, irith (he same poiecr of learn, Uinn any oilier
ploiiff/i erhibilril. No other turned more ihnn twenlvse •■■
and one half inches, lo ihc 112 llu. draught, while the
Howard Ploiisrh lurncH twentunine and ono half invhct. It
Ihr. tame potter of learn ! All acknowledge llia't Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantiallj
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the »hi>a,
or land side ol this Plough, which can be renewed wiihoul
having to furnish a new Undside: this shoe likewise secmaa
I be mould board and landside together, and slrengihens tlia
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to 415 A Plnnek,
sufTicienl for breaking npwiih four entile, will cost about
S;i> 50, and Willi culler 81, wiih wheel and cutter, 42 M
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, M
ihc New England ,\gricultnral Warehouse and Seed St.iia,
Nor. 51 &. 52 Norlh Market Slreel. by

JOSEPH BRECK & CC».

FBKCE CHAINS.

JVst received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, suitable
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK fc
CO., No. 62 Norlh Market st. April 21

POUPRETTF..

.100 Barrels Poudretle may be had on application to the
subscriber, at 82 per barrel of f<mr bushels <o< h — delivered
on board of vessel in this cily. Orders bv mail, rnclosiiig
thi money will be promptly allen.ied lo, if rcceivd soon br
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nas-ausl , .New Vork.

Jan, 5, 1S42.

TYK rP CHAINS.

Just received by 500 Chains for tyeing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Dehbv, Esq. o(Salei&
and Col Jacques, for ihe purpose of securing cattle 10 ih«
stall, ore loiiinl it be llie safest and most coiivcuient BMda
of fastening cuws anil oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale by J, BRECK & CO., No e2 Norlh Market a*.

t'ARIlI IN LE3UNG'rUN

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as the Hastings
Place, containing about 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
E. Phiniiey. The land is of excellent qualiiv, well stocked
with Iruil treoa, and a good supply o( voniig wood. For
lerms apply al this office, or of E. PHJNNEV, living near
the preIIlI^cs Lexington, Feb 9,1842.

FOR StI.E,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 104
months oil. E. PHINNEY.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

DRAFT AND TRACE CI.AIN.*.

Just received by Packet Coromnnda,

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable lor Ploughing.

•' Truck an* lea.liiig Chains.

200 " Draft Chain
No. 52 North Market «t.

sale by J. BRE'JK & OO,
April •!

' GRINUgTONKS.

An extensive assortment of Water and Haul GrindsloiM
constantly on hand and for sale by A.M.Ml C, LDiMliAkU
81. CO. 13 Lewis's Wharf. U\y. Nuv. IT.

256

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEO. 0. IM

MISCELLANEOUS

THE SKATEE'S SONG.

BY KPHRAIU PEABOOT.

Away, away, our fires stream bright

Ailing the frozen river,
And tlit'ir arrowy spark Icsi of brilliant liglit

On tile forest branches quiver.
Awny, awiiy, for the stars are forth,

And on the pure snows oftha valley,
In a giddy trance tlie moonbeams dauCc —

Cume, let us our comrades rally.

Avrny, away, o'er the sheeted ice,

Away, awny, we go ;
On our sicfl-bound feet we move as fleet

As the deer o'er the Lapland snow.
What ihougli the sharp north winds are out.'

The slialcr heeds them no! ;
'Midst llie laugh and shout of the joyous rout.

Gray winter is forgot.

'T Is a pleasant sight, that joyous throng

III the liglit nf the reddening flame.
While with many a wlieel on the ringing steel

They woijc their riotous ffamn ;
And though the niglit-air cntleth ke»n,

And the white moon shineth coldly.
Their home hath been on the hills I ween.

They should breast th? strong blast boldly.

Let others choose more gentle sports.

By the side of the winter's hearth,
Or at the ball or festival.

Seek for their share of mirth ;
But as for me, away, away,

Where the merry skaters be,
Where the fresh wind blows abd the smooth ice
glows-

There is the place for me.

answer for it that no disgrace would ensue if he | An Irishinao was gpeakinj; of the exccllenci'
should do it. Bu.Kton, and a number more who ! a telescope. " Do you see that wee speck on
heard this, immediately spranij from the ranks and 1 hill yonder ? That now is my old pig, thougb"
ran "ith all speed to the iiilrencliment. They , is liardly discernable ; but when I look

The Battle or Bunkf.b Hh-l.. — Any facts in
relation to thia memorable battle are always road
with peculiar interest, wiien they come, as do the
following, from an cye-witnesa and actor in that
desperate struggle. The subjoined is from the
Hampshire Gazette:

"The following particulars, which are strictly
true, were gathered from Sergeant Buxton, an old
man who served his country long and faithfully,
and who after the war lived many years on my

grandfather's farm, in C parish, in tho State

of Connecticut. The old man said, that as he was
standing on the hill the night before tho battle,
Putnam came along and threw down some rails,
telling the soldiers to throw up the inlrenchmeni
pretty much as these rails lay. The soldiers went
to work with great spirit, and "Old Put" passed on.
Buxton remained at the works all niglit, and in the
morning hastened to join his regiment. You have
probably seen it stated, in soino of the many /ic-
counts of this battle, which you may have read,
that one regiment, either through cowardice of its
Colonel, or from some other motive, (probably not
from any other motive,) kept aloof and did not en
ter the battle. Buxton, (who was a sergeant in
this regiment,) says that every fi.ce in it but one,
was burning with impatience 'and anger. 'T was
too much for Buxton ; he stepped up to his captain
and asked him, ' whether or not ho should he con
sidcred as a deserter if he left the ranks of the
cowardly rascal ?' The captain told him that he
had no authority to let him go, but that he would

reached it just as their friends were preparing to
fire the second lime. A moment after entering,
Buxton saw Gen. Putnam, who came along, and
told him, himselT, not to fire till the whites of the
enemy's eyes were visible, and then to take de-
liberate aim, with a steady hand, and tire low, after
that, to fire as fast as he could. He also saw, at
a little distance, Wiirren standing in his farmer's
frock, encouraging the men. A stillness reigned
for a little while, and then came the word fire !
They did so, and the next moment saw blood flow-
ing in torrents. The effect was tremendous. " Ob,
how they fell !" exclaimed the old inan, as he re-
lated it. In an instant, eleven hundred men tum-
bled to tiie earth together, and lay struggling in
the agonies of death.

"Again the British fled, and again they rallied
and poured into the inlrenchiiient
desperate aftray, and lastly the order to the Ameri-
cans to 'take care of themselves.' They did so,
and retreated in confusion over the neck, across
which cannon balls from the flotilla were constant-
ly flying. As Buxton was passing with the rest,
over the neck, he saw ahead of him one of his
townsinen. His first thought was, I 'II go and
speak to him, and he sprang forward to touch him.
At that instant a cannon ball from the floating bat-
tery cwl the man in two, and Buxton, leaping over
his mangled body, passed silently on. When these
brave men were out of danger, they met a great
crowd of their countrymen loaded with arms and
provisions for them. Buxton saw his own father
leading a horse laden with eatables ; he told what
they were, and mentioned among the rest two large
cheeses. He says that the excitement was intense.
Old grey-headed men came riding in on their long-
tailed mares, grasping their long muskets, and
eagerly asking, ' where are they ? where are they .''
He says that the prevailing spirit was such that the
crowd could hardly be prevented from rushing pell-
mell into Boston. If they had, the shock would
have been most tremendous, for such a spirit noth-
ing but death can quell. J. C. M."

through this glass, he appears so near that I
nost hear hinr, grunt."

Query. — Wliy is a young lover poppinc
question, like a tailor running a hot goose ovi
suit of clothes ? We knew you 'd guess it.— .
cause he is pressing a suit.

HI

Why are buckwheat cakes like the chrys^ It
D' ye give it up .' Because they make the bu

Jiy-

AGRICULTURAIi I.tIPLr-:AIE.\TS, Ac.

The Proprietors of the New pneland A|;riouliural W ''
house and Seed Slnre No. 61 and 52 North AlarLel^ i^
Would inform their ruslnmcrs and the pulilic (jenerally» in
tliey have on hand the most extensive assortment of i
n.on '/-niTio thp i culluial aart Horticulturiil Tools to lie found m the Ol
1 nen came me i g^^^^^ p^^^ ^^ ^i^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ following :

1000 Howards Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
100 Oreene's Straw Cutters.
50 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shelters.
50 Common do do.
2u0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutlers
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Oi Yokes.
1500 Doz- Scythe Stones.
3000 '• Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Steal Sho>
160 " Common d«
too " Soades.

Gross Scytlies.

atent Snaiihs.

Common do.

Hay Kakes.

Garden do.

Manure Knrki,

Hay do.

600 Pair Trace Ch.-iag.
too " Truck do.
luO Dralt do.

600 Tie up do.

60 doz. Haller do.
1000 yards Fence do.
26 Griod Stones on roil

600
300
2U0
6110
200
200
300

ORKEN'S PATEST STRAW CUTTER. •

Old Deacon M., was the only storekeeper in a
pretty little village "up country," and used to tak
great pleasure in catechising the youth who in
visit his store. One day a ragged urchin entered
who seemed to the dencon a fit subject upon which
lie might exercise hi,' questioning powers. Patting
him on tiie shoulder, he asked — "My son, xvlial's
the strongest thing you know of?" The lad thought
a nioiiient, then scratching his bump of communica-
tiveness through a hole in his hat, answered —
"Why, [ reckon marm knows: she '» tarnal strong
herself — she can lick dad any lime, and she said
that the butter I got here t' other day, was the strong-
est thing she ever seed ycl — for that was so strong
slie cotiWiii hold il after she got it down ."' — Mass.
Ploioman.

"Jim," said Solomon Hubbard the other day to
his unpromising son — ''Jim, if you are always as
lazy as you are now, how on earth do you expect
to pet a living ?"

'• Why, father, I've been thinking, (and mother
says it's a good it/ec,) that when I've got my
groHth I '11 be o revolutionary pensioner I" — East-
ern paper.

applied to any implement fortius purjwse. The iii.islf ,
menl effecls of tins application, and some ol the cunse<
peculiarities of the inacliine ore : '

1 . So great a reduction of the quantum of power reqi i
to use it, thni the sircnglh of a half grown Iwy is suBi
m work it elticienllj'.

a. With even this moderate power, it easilycnl^iwol '
els a ininule, which is full twice as last as has hecu cl«
by any other machine even when worked hy horse or • .
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peeoliar manner in which 1
cut, require sharpening less often ibun those ot nny > |
straw caller.

4. The machine is simple in its conslruclion, II' - ii
together very stronijly. It is therefore not sol;
complicated machines in general use lu get out ■ .

NEW ENGLAND F A U M K K . |

A WF.KKI.T PAPKR. |

«

Terms, $2 per year la «<fi;aiir«, or $2 50 if noA
within thirty days. 1

.;

N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to fri
■nbscriptions and remitlancsi for newspapers, w
expense to subscribers.

TOTTLB A»D DBBMKTT, TKltlTth.^

AND H O R T I (, U L T U R A L REGIS T E R .

PUBLISHED BY JOSKPH BllECK & CO.. NO. Oi NOUTH M.411KKT STIUIKT, (AoaicoiToaAt Wa.«hok«.)-ALLKN PUTNAM, KDH'Oll.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY KVKNING, I'EBRUARY IB, 1842.

two. »t.

N. E. FARMER.

For the tiew England K.nrnior.

)RKST TREES— THEIR BENEFITS TO

CLI.M.VTE ANf) SOIL.
Ir ICniTOR — Sir — In looking over the eastern
itie.s of ,Massiicliu3Qtl:>, I have ot\en tlioughl
oiir fiireralliers, in clciirinii llie lanJ for culti-
>n, did not pursue tiio \vi:«e«t plan, nor tliat
ihtlioy would have ndopti'd, liad ihey been led to
ider the interests of posterity, instead of their
iiiiincHialc ndvantanc. When our ancestors
settled in tills country, they probably found
and in general far more moist thsn at the pre-
dav ; the lorests which cvered the land, not
rill;; the rays of the sun to fall upon the ground
evaporate the waters, wliich had fallen in rain
snow, from the place where they fell, they
first obliged to saturate ihe ground, and llie
rsbundance was then drained off by the streams,
same effect t.ikes place evidently, in an cn-
f or partially cleared tract of country, but in a
eascil ratio. I'rom these con.siderations, the
iti why o'lr ancestors cleared for cultivation
ligher portions of land and left the parts which
ower in a state of nature, is evident: they
d the hills moist enough — the valleys too much
> warrant the commcnccnient of agricultural
ations. I have ever been of the opinion, and 1
: I am sustained by the experience of others,
had they pursued a nenrly opposite course,
cleared the valleys and left tlie hills to depend
for a supply of lumber and fuel, they would
greatly bene.itcd the future clirriate of the
try, ond in tiio end, seciireil to themselves and
?rity more valuable lands for cultivation ; for,
■e first place, as the country was cleared of
brcsts, and the rays of the sun were at liberty
feet a greater evaporation of the moisture on
jrface, the hills, which were formerly moist
gh, became too dry, and the valleys, which
formerly too wet, became dry enough for the
OSes of agriculture ; and in the second place,
ligh lands, which were formerly rich enough,
contimieti cropping became exhausted ; where-
le low lands, on account of their receiving the
necessary to vegetation washed from the higli-
nd.s, retain their fertility for a longer period,
probably never reach that permnnont sterility
h we offen perceive in our exhausted hills.
y opinion, the proper distribution of woods as
•otcction from destructive winds, cannot be
itrongly dwelt upon ; and as the reclaiming of
ow, boggy lands is becoming an important and
gsary branch of agriculture in the neighboring
•ties, I think the recovering of some of our best
le elevations of lar;d with forest trees, worthy
ttention ol agriculturi.ots, as a means of ame-
lion of climate and protection of tender vege-
n, a8w^lla3 a profitable investment of time
labor ; for experience^ has proved that certain
ible timber trees will flourish on lands of little
I for cultivation.
have perceived with pleasure that in years

past, preiimiriis hare been olfcred by the agricultu-
ral societies of .-oiiie counlies, fur piniitiitions of
forest trees; yet, so far as I have observed, peo-
ple have chosen for these operations, fields unwar-
ranted either by economy or advantage, and have
not paid sufficient attention to the selection of trees,
besides those situutiniis mentioned, ornamental
forest trees can be introduced with advantaire and

Fiirihf N. E. Karincr.

PROFITS OF FAIlMlNfJ— ADVANTAGE DE-
RI VEI) FKo.M A<iUicri;ruR.\L pacers

IMPROVEMENT OF HOG LAN 1), ic.

Mr Pdtnah — Dear Sir — A few years «j>o I pur-
chased some lots of land, in the wh.ile JO acrci»,
that Iny in different places, hut none of it more than

profit in bells, for the protection of gardens, or- ' ''»""« "'i'" ^"1" uiy dwelling; iiboiii ,'.'> acres <.f a
chards and dwellings from noxious winds ; and in """fe"^- l"" '"'''"'""' "" unproductive stale. Be-

ihese undertakings, with a little allcntion, beauty
and economy can be easily combined. The trees
that can ho introduced with advantage, in my opin-
ion are llie following

ing engaged in maniifacturinL', "hich I was iinwill.
inir to relinquish for farming on so small a kc.iIo, f
offered to rent llie land, hut no one would give me
5 per cent. o;i the cost, which led me to c«uicliido

The White Oak ^Qiiercu.i nlbn)—\l adapts itself!""" ' '""• """'>-" » *'■•'<' i"vestinent, and then wished
to almost any soil, is of fine appearance, and the "'>' '""<! '"t" n.oney again. I, Imwevr, let it out
repute in which its timber is held, is too well known "" "''ares two years, and then began to grow very
lo require comment. It grows moderately fast, as ^'^k "f farming, as my crops were light and land
in ordinary situations it attains a diameter of 6 or 8 &"■<"*■'"? poorer. I tried to sell, hot found I could
inch''S in about 20 years. ""' without n.akini great sacrifice : then came to

The Sugar Maple (Jlcer sacchnrifenim,) I think "'« conclusion that I would make the best ol n bad
is descrvinir of notice, on account of its beauty, I '"""f.""" »"<■ '^X '">' '•"'" "I"" '"farming, without
the value of its timber for many purposes, and the | S'ving up my other business. Accordiriirly I pro-
fact that, when there are a snflicient number of I <=""=''"'•' "'^^^'^-'^fV ''"P'"^'"*""'^. '■"?»f-"'' '"V '"'"'P.
sizeable trees, (he manufacture of sucrarfrom their!""'' "'"> '''° assistance of the N. E Fanner, anA

the example and advice of my nF.ighbirs, I com-
menced operations in the spring of l(5."}7. In order
to ascertitin thr; result of iny experiment, I opened
an acrxxlnt witii my land, chirgcd every expense,
and gawb crcdii for all the products at a (\iir raarkeL
price.

Now, at the end of five years, after summing op
both sides of the account, and striking the bhlanco,
I find that my land has paid ihe interest of 10 per
cent, yearly and a fraction over; besides it is wortU
at least 2.j per cent, more than it was five year*
ago. Have had no extr loilin iry crops lo boast of,
but every kind has generally given a fjir yield
with an annual increase. My regular course has
been to manure well, which lias been a large item
in the account ; and to have help .siilllcicnl to do
my work in season and in a proper manner. Have
also paid some attention to the application of iiiii-
nures, in order to ascertain what kind was best
adapted to a particular kind of soil. Have already
shown that I was uiiinlcntiimiilly drawn info the
farming business, winch I coinnienced wilh much
reluctance; but now I pursue it out of choice.
Have derived much benefit from the N. K. Fanner,
and am convinced thai I had better have paid $10
a year fur that or sninc o.her agricnllural paper,
than to have been deprived of ils benefits.

Here I was going lo close, but thought I would
just say what I had been about this winter.

On observing in your paper last fall, some direc-
tions for "winter's work," cunclu.led that f would
do some things therein pointed out, sliouid Provi-
dence permit Accordingly, since seciriiig my
Mr Thos. Affleck, of Cincinnati, editor of the harvest, have built a shed to my hor.sc stable, Ui
Weslern Farmer, gives nolico that ho shall sail for protect the manure, which also answers other valu-
Eurripe ahniit the first of May, and thai he will lake i "''le purposes ; have buill a cellar lo my barn, for
orders fi.r tiie purchase of stock, *tc. He proposes ; t'le same purpose; have dng n.iick sufficient for
lo stop, and "examine into the state of things in another year's use, and have carted -lOU h.ads of
the East," before he embarks. We hope he will j sand on to a bog. 1 commenced on this bog in
favor lis with a call.— Ed. N. E. F. I I**''- •' was very soft, and produced nothing of

sap, becomes an object wnriliy of attention.

'I'he common Beecii {t'ufrns sylvrtiica,) is a tree
of bcaiiliful ajipcarance, easy growth, and althnugh
its timber is not so remarkable for durability as
some oiliers, yet it is in great demand for particu-
lar uses.

The Shell-bark (Juf^lnns regin,) is remarkable
for ils flourishing growth. Its timber is of great
repute on account of its durability and strength,
and ils wood as an article of fuel, is uiisurpnsscd
by any other. The fruit of the Shell-bark also,
greatly cnliinces ils value, and for this reason I
think it wiirlhy of more attention than the common
forest walniii, (Juglaiis alba,) wliicli in other re-
spects is ils rival.

Bui Pines are of all others Ihe most suitable for
the re-eovenii;; of our barren liills, as they are of
quick growth and flourish well, even on the most
inferior soil. Of the pine there are many varieties,
the most common and valuable of which, in this
climate, are iho W^liite Pine (Pinus shobus,) and
the Pitch or Hird Piiie (Piniis resino3a) — the for-
mer "f which is of the quicker growth and gener-
ally of the hi'ttir iippearance, although the latter is
esteemed of greater value for limber. The fore-
going I coiisih-r to be the forest trees most worthy
the attention of ogriculliirists, as all ihe varieties
mentioned cm be easily raised either by trans-
plantation or from llio seed.

The forogoiiig remarks are respectfully submit-
ted to your consideration bv an

Olt.SERVER OF NATURE.

258

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

FRB. id. 184

any value. I first ditched, but still it was miry ; I 'to make his statement, or give the information re- bought, but must be made, by a farmer in tho i
then laid a railway wiih plunk, and wheeled on the <)uircd, that prevents many of the best apricultu- | ,ior. Mr Adams's crops the last year, as b^

sand by hand, which made slow work, but covered
3-8 of an acre in this way. In 1840, put on

IfickforJ, R. I., frb. 7, 1842.

MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY FOR PROMO-
TING AGRICUI-TURE.
Rf.port on Farms.

'I'he Commiltee of the Massachusetts Society ; evidence of respectable husbandry, your committee
for Promoting Agriculture, consisting of Messrs. j think there is only one of the number that they can
Welles, i'reacotl, Phinney, Codnian and Quincy, I recommend as a pullern of good farming, to bo fol-
appointod to examine and report on the several [ lowed by others, or as entitled to either of the pre-
claims for premiums on the best cultivated farms, 1 miums offered by the Trustees. This is a farm of
respectfully Report — ninetyfivo acres besides woodland, proposed by

Thut Ihcy have attended to the subject, and al- I Abel F. Adams, of Fitcliburg, in the county of
though a respectable number of applic:itions have I Worcester. It is his judicious, c.ireful and me-
been presented, they regret to find that tlio liberal ! thodical manner of conducting and cultivating this
premiums offered by the Society for the best culli- 1 farm, rather than the crops produced, that entitles
valcd farms, have failed to attract the attention of i it to consideration ; for the crops do not appear lo
our best agriculturists generally to the subject, to be large ; but there are some particulars in his
the degree that was hoped and expected. It was practice which it seems to the committee would ad-
the intention of the Trustees to indemnify the far- I niit of itnproveiiient, particularly in the inanagc-
mer by their premiums, for his trcjuble in keeping '; menl of his apple trees. To this important branch
a general account of the management of his farm, | of rural economy, the culture of fruit trees, the
and of his crops, and in making his statement and committee regret to find that so little skill has been
application to this board ; and they flattered them- [e.xhibited, and so little attention bestowed by Mr

selves that their highest premiums would bo prized | Adams. It appears by his statement, that he plows i you consider the best method ^f improving thl
as marks of distinction, and testimonials of e.xcel- his green sward in August or September, and in | That portion of the soil which rests
lence in the most honorable profession in our coun- i the spring spreads his long manure and cross plows j pan and is moist, is usually situated on the al
try, aa much as for their pecuniafy value, anil that j it in, and puts his compost in the hill. Your com- est part of the side hill, i prefer lo keep for

*"

Hsi*

rists from claiming these premiums. This trouble, observed, certainly were not large, and EonH jijoi
your committee believe, is greaily overrated. They them were quite small. This he ascribes tft fisi
good coat of horse manure and seeded it well think it would be found on trial that a. few memo- severe drought in that part of the country, and :
with herds grass, clover and red-top. It was too i randa on a blank book, or a sheet of paper, would known that in many places it almost entirely'
moist foV the clover but the other seeds took well, I be sufficient. All that would be necessary to sit i off some species of crops. The committee C8!
and yielded at the rale of more than three tons lo | down, or nearly all, would be ihe quantity of grain j conclude their remarks without noticing with m
the acre last year. This beginning resulting so and grass seed sown, of maiiiire used, the quaiiti- satisfaction, the accurate schedule of the van
favorably, encouraged luu to go on with the filling, ' ties of different crops, the weights of his beef and
which has been done this winter at less than half pork, butter, cheese and wool, and perhaps u very
the former expense. I opened a bank on the south [ few other things ;— the rest, a great part of the
side of a hill that had the sun nil day ; then as ' information required, would be within the farmer's
90on as Ihe surface of the bog froze sufficient to [ own memory and knowledge. Your commiltee
bear a team. 1 began to cait j have been interrupt- think it very desirable that there should be a cor-
ed several times 'by thaws, but have tilled more : rect understanding among the respectable agricul-
than half an acre this winter. This bog in its ori- j turists on this subject.

ginal state was of no value, and now the part that] Your committee further report that they have
was mowed last year is estimated at SJOO an acre, received claims for premiums on five farms situate
Yours respectfully C. { in different counties, all of wliirh they have caused

to be inspected by an agent employed for the pur-
pose; and have also received from tho several
claimants particular statements or answers to the
interrogatories proposed by the Trustees. All
these they have examined with great care, and
fully considered, and although all of them exhibit

productions of his farm, which he exhibited, an i
spection of which will show that it is no diffiii
thing to keep and prepare one.

Upon the whole, your committee recommend
a premium of One Hundied Dollars be awardt
the Trustees to Mr Adams, f.ir his farm, as thej
cultivated farm offered for their premium,
would have given the committee great pleasunl
have recommended a higher premium, as wel [
premiums to the other respectable applicant/f
the principles upon which these premiums were if
tended to be bestowed, and their duty to the puU
would have permitted.

JOHN WELLES, Chairmami

Mr Adams's Stalemenl.

Tho Commitlee, by their agent, Chester A4
examined the farm of Abel F. .\dams, of Fitchl
and obtained the following answers to their ij
ries :

(iuesl. ]. Of how much land does your faro
sist, exclusive of woodland ."

.Ins. Ninotyfive acre.«, and thirty acres of i
land, of a very thrifty growth, adjoining the cl^
land.

2. What is the nature of your soil ; does it J
sisl of sand, gravel, clay, loam or peat ?

The farm is on a hill, and consists of a gr
loain, a yellow loam, and in moist places a 1
loam, re-;ting, to appearance, on a clayey gutj
from which latter soil numerous and nevcr-fafl
springs issue.

3. It ol'a part or all of tho above kinds, what

u successful, benevolent competitor would feel a
satisfaction in seeing his lees skilfuU neighbor
guided and assisted by his iiisl.-uct.itn and example

mittee have long thought it better husbandry to j ing. When I break up any land, I plow the
plow such ground deep in the spring, and not turn sward with a side-hill plow in the month of Ai
the sod again ; but to plow it with a liglil plow or or September; let it then rest until the folio
Although tho experiment has hitliOrto not been bo ■ harrow it heavily and thoroughly with the furrow t spring, when I spread on my green manui
successful as could have been wished, the commit- | or diagonally. The nutriment which the decaying j immediately turn it in by cross plowing: ihen
tee still entertain tho belief that there is no other | vegetable matter in the sod would furnish to the j row and furrow for planting in hills with corn
way ill which the funds of the Society can bo em- i corn, is partially lost by its being exposed to the i potatoes. Apply compost in the hills for
ployed so beneficially to the agricultural interest, [ air by cross plowing ; but they are aware that ! and green manure for potatoes. The yeai full
if that interest can be induced to co-operate with , there are respectable farmers who still entertain a
them. They consider the utility of this measure ! ditferent opinion, and it nioy safely bo left to fur-
to consist, not only in exciting the best farmers to i ther experience to decide. The quantity of ma-
iiiore careful and belter farming, and to making | nure used by Mr Adams — six loads of long and
greater improvements, but also III obtaining models .twelve loads of compost — if they were common
in husbandry for the imitation and guidance of those | loads, seems rather sparing ; — the next ten would
less skilled. The slateineiits made to tho Trustees [ liave given him his profit. Ho appears to have
are laid before the public, not aa theories, but as laid down his land to grass in the spring, your coin-
successful results, by which the less skilfiill farmer ! mittee think, in a husbandliko manner, and they
may learn how lands similar to his own, and under [ wore pleased to observe that he was not so sparing
tho same climate, have been cultivated, and his , of his grass seed ns many ore wont lo be: ton or
may be cultivated BO as to yield large crops, with i twelve pounds of clover, a peck and an half of
small expense— in other words, profits. It is this herds grass, and three pecks of red top to an acre,
use of the .statement that renders it important that ! are none too much. They noticed also with plei-
it should be somewhat particular, and your commit- | sure, his attention to collecting materials nnd mak-
ice apprehend that it is the supposed trouble of [ ing compost. Manure is an essential, indispensa-
keeping such an account as will enable a person i ble ingredient in good husbandry, and cannot he

ng I lay down the ground with oats or barley,
sow herds gross and clover seed when the gi
sown. Harrow in the grass seed and roll in{
clover. I always roll all land laid down, to
the surface suioolh, and it protects the roots
grass from exposure by a droiiglit. I soinel
sow winter rye in the autumn after breaking
the green sward. I always have a good crop, m
never keep up my land but one year. Early plot
ing I find by far the most beneficial.

4. How many acres do you till, and how mud I
inanuie ? &,e.

Eight nc»as are annually planted with corn in
potatoes, and sowed with oats. Lay down tu
acres lo grass yearly, spreading and plowing inili
tho tunc twelve loads of compost and six loadtfli
green manure, mixed, to the acre.

AND H () K T I C U L T \' K A I, R K G I S T E R

•259

iiiaiiiirc nppliod in a cuinpost, or ^rcc-ii

ii 8(iror>il ftiid |ilow in your ma nil re ?
swiToii as before.
What li your inelliod will) green sward r
iwori'J as before.
Hon' many acres of upland do you moiv, ond
is tiio nveroRO quantity upon llic acre?
irty acres, yieliliii^ 4'i Ions of liny — n very
crop, owing to the dry season — much smaller
ast year.
How many acres of grass land do you irri-

ne, excepting what is done temporarily by
x on llie t'ariii.

Do you nnnure the land irrigated, or any
lanil you mow; how much to nn acre, and
kiiiil of ninniirc do you put on ?

Iho cold and moist part of my mowing land,
out of my barn ynrds and lay in small heaps
reading, about eight loads of compost manure

acre, whic'i was made in the summer pre-
y by carting street dirt into the yard. These
are spread in tlio spring following for a top

How many acres of land not suitable for tiie

Jo you mow ?

ne.
What is your method of reclaiming low, bog

it lands .^ Have no such lands.
How many acres of corn have you planted

eaent season ? &c.

e acres ; three of which were planted upon

soil anJ upon a rye stubble plowed in. Green

e was spread before plowing and compost :
used in the hill. The stubble land almost )
tire fiiilure, and the other almost failed, ow-
the dry and parcning weather. I had but {

ve bu.^hels in tlio whole crop. I

How many .ncrcs of potatoes did you plant

escnt year r &,c.

ree acres, — raised 320 bushels — averaging

ishels per acre of early whites, rohan, che-
and io.ng rjds. Put green and compost mn-
lixcd into the hills. The dry weather pre-
H many of the potatoes from sprouting in the
I.

What number of acres of other vegetables
II plant?

ised 70 bushels of carrots on not more than
ih or one sixth of an acre ; crop very stouL
ider carrots the most nutritious for cattle or
of any root that can be raised, having niscd
led all of the various and popular kimls. My
res eat them most readily and thrive best
hem.

How many acres of grain did you sow, when,
lat kind:) ? &c.

en acres, to wit — three bushels of wheat,
in lime, sowed .May 17, on 1 1-4 acres ; sev-
hcls of barley, sowed on 2 1-2 acres, and Ifi
s of oats, sowed on -i 1-4 acre.'. I rniscd 14
of wheat, 41 of barley, and 100 of oats;
) bushels of v. mtet rye — nil injured by the
It. I sow winter rye on grass land plowcil
vious spring. Never raise any spring rye ;
>p fails.

How many acres did you lay down to grass ?
method is this: — I plow tlio land in the
and make it fine and mellow; then cart otf
stones on the top of the ground, sow the
and iuimediatcly after sow 1 1-2 peck herds

grass and Id to 12 lbs. clover seed ii.ixed to the
acre ; harrow in the same, thru sow U prckn of
rod top seed to the aero and roll it in Willi n heavy
roller. On very wet land, the gniss seed in au-
luiiin.

IS. What are your means and manner nf mnkvng
nnnure ?

My means are very good, and I never fail to im-
prove them. I cart loam, weeds, green brakes and
wash from the road-side into my barn yiiril atid
barn cellar, os plentifully as would be useful, stirr-
ing It as often in the summer as would be bcncfi-
ciiil. Cart 50 loads of meadow mud intermixed
with vegetable matier, into my hog sty, annually.
Purchase the mud at 10 cents n load. The wash
of my well and sink drain into Iho h.ig sly. I al-
ways purchase as much stable manure for my farm
a,-! the hay would make which I sell yearly. I in-
tend'to increase the i)uantily of manure from year
to year.

li). How many oxen, young cattle, cows, horses,
&c. do you keep?

Four oxen, two cows, two horses and fifteen
head of young cattle. My horses are kept to hay
the year round ; take in cows to pasture in the
summer at ;{/ 1-2 cents each per week: this is
very convenient to the neighborhood, a manufac-
turing village, and profitable to myself. I am
troubled to procure good lielp to manage a dairy.

20. What is the size of your barn or barns ?&.c.
One M by 'SO, the other 40 by ;i(! feet ; cellars

under a part of both. My stable m.intire is always
kept under cover. I cart ;jO or 40 leads of loam or
mud into my barn yard every autiimn after the
summer manure is carted therefrom.

21. Are your cows of native or mixed breed?
Native.

22. What is your management for raising calves ?
1 raise none; they are more profitable for veal,

having a market very near home.

SJ. How much butter and cheese made this year?

No cheese and only enough butler to supply my
own family.

24. How many sheep ? None.

2.1. How many swine ? 10 — .'Sold and 5 young.

26. What quantity of pork made?

The five old ones were Hjutchered and weighed
1850 lbs. Breed is native, crossed with Mackay
and Berkshire: they fatten easily.

27. What do you feed them on through the sum-
mer months ?

Refuse old potatoes, squashes, pumpkins, apples
and cob meal scalded in a large kettle or boiler^
and mixed as occasion may require. My swine
which I fatten, will soon be cloyed with clear Indi-
an meal, but cob meal never produces such a result,

28. How many cart loads of manure do you
make in a year ?

Sixty loads of first rale manure, includHig the
droppings of two cows and two oxen in the winter
season.

29. What number of hands employed on your
farm ? &c.

Two men seventh months, at $15 each per month.
One man four months in the winter at $10 per
month, exclusive of my own labor.

30. What number of apple trees ; arc they natu-
rol or grafted fruit?

About 75 full grown trees and 90 young ones;
one half grafted. Grafted fruit sold ; native given
to the swine, and worth more than if made into cider.

31. What number of fruit trees have you exclu-
sive of apple trees ?

About 40 ; cniisialiiig of peach, plum, pear,
cherry and quince.

32. Have ymir trees been nttnckcd by canker
worms or borers ? They have not.

3.3, In the cultivation of your farm do you al-
low ordont spirits? Never, »n any account.

litforming Itiflnena. — Tho world with its tur-
bulent and vindictivf! passions, is alow to believe
that llioro is more power in kindm-ss, than in ao-
veiity. It is o niolancholy truth, but too easily
proved, that society, in many cases, first inanulac-
tures and then wuh a hypocritical afTectation of
righteous indignation puniRlies crime. It is also a
melancholy truth that llie' egregious folly of at-
tompting to promote permanent poaco and order,
through the instrumentality of phyaiciil force, and
the agency of the wor.nt passions, is still practised,
altlinugh the history of tli.- world shows that no
good has over come, and obvious considerations, in-
dependent of experience, make it clear that no
good ever can come from such proceedings. — Wars
only perpetuate wars. The dungeon and the gib-
bet never had any reformi;ig power. Persecution
never made converts to any cause, however good.
— For the protection of the community, it may be
necessary to visit offences against social order with
quick and severe retribution. It is not of this wc
are speaking: liut rather what will be most effica-
cious as a reforming infliieiieo — as a priivcntive of
crime — as a promoter of peace on earth, and good
will among men. This benign power wo say is
not force and laws with bloody penalties. There
i^ an omnipotence in genuine kindness — a real,
sincere- spirit of huminity — a failli in man that
works by affV-ction — of which, as yet, notwitstand-
ing some, nay many glorious manifestations which
shine as stars in the darkliess of midnight, the
world at large hardly druains. But until that om-
nipotence is believed ir. and acted upon, to an ex--
tent far greater than at present, we shall continue
to gather into oucpri^oivs annual crops of crime ;,
even as wc gather into our grmaries amiual, har-
vests of wheat — we shall co:itimio to educnl« out
of each gcneraiion enough to till tho places of ^hs'
hardened villians whom the law may cut off in the
midst of their wickedncris. We shall continue to
sell our fellow-creaturcs into tond.ige to vice for
money ; and to wet the bosom of tho earth, which
was intended to teed the race with blessings, witlx,
the blood of man, shed in strife wiih his brother.

Some may think thi^ rather ton si-rioits a traii^
of remark for the columns of a d;iily newspaper —
but we have no apology to make for it. It isquit»
time for the press to touch upon such themes. It,
is quito time that those practical principles, in re-.
gard to tho true methods of preventing social evilar
and rescuing the disturbers of tlie uomiuunity froir*'
degradation — which the nature of man and past
experience teaches, as well as a higher authority
it is quite time these principles should be UTf V
through every organ that reaches tho public r f
there is not a man who has not occaaioii to nrac
tise them every hour. — .Vcwburi/por( HeraU

For Ftver ami Ague. — The fullowinjj prescrip-
tion ia said to be an effectual renifdy fr,r ihjg jjg.
ease: — Take 1,5 grains poiiiid'Hl snik.o root 20 J
salts of wormwood, 1-2 an ounce of hest red bark
1 gill of molasses: mix tho wimie togeiher, and
take one third every six hours, beginning aflt-r the
fever turns, about half way between thai and the
ngue fit. — Communicated.

•^60

N E vV ENGLAND FARMER,

FEB. 10, 1«

For the N. E. Farmer.
TIIK SQUASll-VINE DESTROYER.

.■E^eria Cuctirbitce.
Mil PcTHAM — Dear Sir — Tn the " New England |
Parmer," for Aiigii.st the 22d, J8-28, 1 gave an ac- j
count of the insect that destroys the 8(|iiash-vinG |
by boring into its stem and roota, in llje manner
observed by Mr Coffin and yourself, as stated in
the Farmer of t)ie 2d instant. You will al.so find
n description of its ravaw^es, of its transformations,
and of its appearance when arrived ut maturity, in
my "Discourse before the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society," in October, 1832, in my " Descrip-
tive Catalogi:e of North American Insects belong-
ing to the Linnican genos Sphinx," published in
the ;}(!lh vrjjnme of Prof. Sillirnan's Journal of Sci-
ence, and a short notice of the same insect in my
lately printed " Report on the Insccla of .Massachu-
solts injurious to Vegetation." Having now made
a sketch of the creature in its winged stati!, I take
the liberty of sending it to you, together with the
following remarks, which may possibly interest
some of the readers of your paper, w)io have not
yet seen either of the four previously publi.=lied
accounts of this pernicious insect. A knowlcdiic
of its habits and transformations may postjibly lead
to the discovery of suitable means for jncventing
its ravages, by persons more favorably situated for
making experiments than myself. >

During the month of Au ;'jst, thffsqnash and oth-
er cucurbitaccoiis vines are frequettly found to die
suddenly down to the root. The cause of this
premature death, as you liave observed, is a plump,
whitish worm-liko in.«ect, which begins its opora-
lions near the ground, bores into the stem, and de-
vours the pithy substance within. Through the
hole by which it enters the plant, it thrusts its re-
fuse castings ; and its burmw extends both above
and below tliis hole, and is rinally carried into the
root. The borer comes to its full size between the
middle of August and the first of September, and
then mcasurefl from one inch to one inch and a
quarter, or rather more, in length. Notwithstand-
ing its worm-like or grub-like appcinancc, it is a
true caterpillar, of the boring kind, like the borers
o( the peach tree and of the currant bush. These
naked caterpillars or borers differ essentially from
the borers of the apple, locust, and innple trees, in
having legs, and In being able to make a gummy
kind of silk. The body of the sijuash-vine borer
is not perfectly cylindrical, being a little pressed,
and tapering to a blunt point at each end. Its
head is sinull, and of u pale brown color; and on
the lop of the first ring behind the head, there are
two oblique brownish spots. It has sixteen legs,
all of them very short, however. The first three
pairs are the longest, arc jointed, and taper lo a
point. The others are mere fleshy warts, beset
with minute clinging hooks on the under side. As
•oon as it is fully grown, the insect goes into the
ground near the root of the vine, and there encloses
Itself in an oblong oval cocoon or pod, about an
iDch long, which, being made of gummy silk, be-
comes coated on the outside with grains of earth.

Soon afterward-^ the insect changes to a chrysalis
within Its cocoon, and remains at re>t in the ground
thioughoui the auliinin and winter. 'J'he chryealis
is of a shining lironn color, and the rings of the
hinder part of its body are armed with tiansversc
rows of little teeth. Towards the end of June or
eaily in July, the chrysalis bursts open one end of
the cocoon, and hitcjjcs itself half wny out of the
opening by the help of the little teeth on its back.
Tiie skin over the fore part of its body then spliu,
and the creature, in the winged form, crawls out
and works its way to the surface of the ground,
leaving its empty chrysalis., skin sticking in the end
of its C(/Coon in the earth. The insect, thus dis-
closed in its perfected state, is a four winged day
moth, which I have named JKgeria cuciirbtta, or the
squash vine /Egeria. The upper side of its head
and thorax are brownish green or olive-colored.
The attennic or horns are greenish black. The

From the Maseichuscits Plowman.
APPLE TREE BORER.

Saptidit Bivillata.
Wm. Burkminster, Esq. — Dear Sir — Your i »«
versation with nie about the apple-tree bor
short lime ago, has led me to think that a wfj lie
communication on the siibjcct may be accept <"<
to you. From your remarks, I inter that thii

hind body is orange-colored, with a row of four, sect, in its perfected or winged condition, ilill<!*
five, or six black dots on the back. 'J'ho fore generally known. The person who told yon #e
wings expand about one inch and a quarter; they | it resembled a wasp, h.i.<; probably confound^ '*■
are of a glossy olivc-hiowii color; and the hind jrwith the winged borer of the peach tree, wl
wings are colorless and transparent, with blackish really has somewhat the appearance of a
veins and a brown fringe around the margin. The The apple-tree borer, when arrived at maturiM Uti
hind legs are long, are covered in the outer side a hard-shelled beetle, approacliing lo a cylin^ I's
with orange-colored hairs, and are thickly fringed shape, and is furnished with six legs and two* m
with long black hairs within. From the tenth of ' tapering horns, or antennse. The upper side 4 Fo'
July till the middle of August, these pretty moths body is brown, with two broad, white stripesji* 'f
may he seen hovering over the vines, and frequent- 1 ginning on the head and continued along the I f

to the end of the shelly wing covers. The ro» |
its body, its horns, and its legs, are white. (S
pencil sketch of the insect, inclosed in this cot
nication.) This pretty beetle varies in length!
a little more than one half to three quarters
inch. Its scientific name is isapcrda Invitlnt
two-striped Saperda. It comes forih froii
trunks of the tiees in the month of June,
its escape and taking wing only in the ni(
which time, also, it lays its. eggs. On accci

ly alighting upon them, close to the roots, to drop
an egg. So intent are they in this business, that
they may often be approached quite closely without
being alarmed. The eggs arc not much larger
than a poppy seed, and are of a deep orange color,
'i'he insect continues laying several days in suc-
cession, and dies when her store is exhausted.

If any offensive substance, that would not injure
the plants, could he applied around the vines, near
their roots, it might prevent the insects Irom laying

their eggs on them. Jilubber ml has been suggest- | its nocturnal habits it is very rarely seen; biltj
ed ; but I do not know whether it would prove ef. ' be found in the night, in June and July, oi
fectual without destroying the vines. Aa soon as i lower part of the trunks of apple treei, in
a vine is seen to wither, it should be examined iin- orchards which have siift'ered from its pi
mediately, and the borers slumld be taken out and ravages. During the day it remains at rest
killed. This may not save the vine attacked, per- ' concealed among the leaves. The plants
haps, but it will tend to diminish the number of which it lays its eggs are the apple tree, the qi
the insects. By carefully searching the ground j mountain ash, hawthorn, and other thorn bot .
around the vines in the autumn, the cocoons may the choke-berry, the June-berry or shad-bush, '
be found, and these also should bo crushed. other kinds of Aronia. Our native thorns

Yours, respectfully, j Aronias appear to be the natural food of thd

T. W. HARRIS. I sects, for I iiave repeatedly seen the beetles
. Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 8, ]84'i. jlliem, eating the leaves, and have fomM

The foregoing communication from Dr. Harris,
shows us that we were wrong in our conjecture that
the squnsli-vine destroyer commenced its work of!

destruction below tho surface of the ground, and I , , , ' , , " .' ,

ivori,«,i .,„.„„. I n- 1 1 11 I ■ ed from llicm, are the borers, Mnich are so

worked upwards. /re, individually, are much n- , , , , . ^ ,

(lf.i.i/,,1 . . n. II <■ .1 ■ I .1 u ■ known that a particuar description of them I

(leDteU to Dr. M. for the information he has here

given, and wo doubt not that our readers will be
equally so. — Ed.

j young, the borers, within the stems of tlics
j The eggs of these beetles ate laid upon ilie 1 1
I near the root of the trees. They ore hatcliJ
about three weeks ; and the young insects pp

ptio

Men spend their lives in anticipations, in doter-
inining to be vastly happy at some period or other,
when ihey have time. But the present time has
one advantage over every other — it is our ovm. It
has been well observed, that we should treat futuri-
ty as an aged friend from whom we expect a rich
legacy. Let us do nothing lo forfeit his esteem,

and treat him with respect, not with servility /^o-

con.

Nothing annoys an enemy so much as kindness.

P
necessary. It will be enough lo mention that
are fleshy, whitish grubs, with a smalt browi
head, and are entirely deKlilute of legs. Bf
want of these they arc ea.sily dislingiiishcd A
the borers of the peach tree, which have sixd
short legs. With their strong jaws they iiniM
ately gnaw through the bark, and begin to bort
to the wood, the fragments of which they deft
and, from lime lo time, as they proceed, il.ry (
the undigested refuse out of the holes I' "I
they had enlcred.

From observations made upon the borcn
rious limes, I infer that tiiey come to their
in the third summer, that is when they are

i

VOL. IX. \«>.M.

AND H O R T I C IT L T U R A L R ?: G I S T E R .

2(51

1 \.-nrM i)l<l. Ihoir luirnnvn i-xlomi iipvrnriU of |
lit 'T Ion inclics in ll>u milul «iiih1 of tlic (roes, i
I nl tlip iippor end Ihpy iipproncli to, niij lire cov- i
«] only by ihc bnrk. Wlion tliose nro finished, |
d iIm- borers tiavo attnined their full site, lli<* j
liT li-iivo off eBlin;;, snd, nfler resting » little
ile, lliey throw off their Bkins nnd tnkc'.ho pupa '
chry*nlis form. Tlio insect, in this condition, j
neither a grub nor a beetle, but is inlcrnicdiale '
iwein both, in its nppenmnrc. It is still soft.
shy. Slid of a whitish color, but ii provided ivith
)rt h';;s, winfjs nnd horns, wliicli ore folded upon
breast, and ore too «»eak and imperfect to be
d. t)n each of the rings of it.i back there is a
n'vorse row of sharp points, like the teeth of a
p, nnd several more of these points anuind the
id'T extremity of its body ; and, by the help ol
'■, the insect can move slowly backwards niul
ards in its burrow. When the time of its final
lu'e approuclius, slripes of brown oepin to bo
ibie throusrh the thin nnd transparent skin that
vers ilic wing-shells nnd the top of the thorax,
iho month of June, the skin of the chrysalis
rsts open on ttio bncic. and is thrown off, the lib-
»led insect crawls to the ino'itli of its burrow,
«ws a round hole through the bark, and comes
t upon the trunk of the tree a perfect beetle.
For other particulars respe .'ting this insect, iil-
i» nie to refer you to my " Piscuurse before the
araachiisctis Horticultural Society," in the year
•il. and to my "Report on the Insects injurious
Vegetation," — and believe mo to be, very re-
eclfullv, Your friend and aerv'',

T. \V. HARRIS.
Catnhriilgt , Mat)., Jan. 7, 184"3.

CONNECTICUT CORN ROOT.

liie Editor of tlic New England Farmer ;

Dkar Sir — In your paper of the l'2tli of Janiia-
, is an article from the Connecticut Fanner's Ga-
tte, which gives on account of a root found in a
ramp in the town of Hrookfield, Ct., and which
e people there call Corn Root ; and according to
alements made, must be an exceedingly rare
id womierful root. Now, sir, I would ask you, if
is probable the facts are as slated ? Why would

not be a good plan for some of our Societies of
armers to send some suitable person to get a few
'these valuable roots, so as to stock some of our
wet swamps in this section of the State, and
ereby render them more valuable and productive
an it they were converted into fine Knglish mow-
g lands .' Or do you think this statement of " S.

" of Brookfiuld, a great humbiig ?
Yours, with respect,

Heaton, Ma33., Feb. 7, 16U. h. G.

We last winter saw a gentleman from Connecti-
ul, whose name and residence we do not now re-
leniber, from whom we received an account simi-

r to the one copied from the Farmer's Gazette.

he impression upon our inind then was that the
lan was telling us truth — and that he was ac-
uaiiitcd with this "Corn root." We cai. imagine
o reason why he should attempt lo play the "hum-
' The suggestion of our correspondent is a

ood one. We hope at least that the editor of the

aniier's Gazette will not fail to get possession of
he root he has described. — Ed.

Knowledge is treasure, but judgment is the trca-
lury.

COMI'Altl.SKN tt|' .M AM'KKS,
Messrs. lloiiMsingiiiilt nnd I'nyen have lately
produced an elahoralc memoir upon the compara-
tive value (if different kinds of mnniire. An ab.
htrnct only of it has as yet reached us, the sub-
stance of winch is as follows: — These chemists
regard nitrogen o« tho element whose presence is
of the greatest importance in manure, and every
substance capable of furnishing it, becomes valua-
ble ill an agricultural view, provided that substance
can extricate azolised products in a soliibh: or vol-
tttizable state. If, however, the nitrogen is incapa-
ble of entering into putrid fermentntiuii, and of so
furnishing niiiinoniacnl salts und other nzotised
combination, tho substance contnining it can be of
no use for uinnure, as is proved by the shale of the
coal measures, which contains considerable quoiili-
tics of nitrogen, and yet has absolutely no ofTect as
a manure. Hence the value of a manure is lo be
Icleriiiined by the power it possesses of yielding
ammonia; putrid urine, for instance, one of the
most energetic of fertilizing principles, yields car-
bonate of ammonia; nnd guano, that lieh com-
pound which for centuries has given fertility to
the arid 8;ind& of the Peruvian coast, consists al-
most entirely of salts with an nmmoniacal base.
The authors do not undervalue the importance of
other substances, such as alkalies or earthy sails ;
on the contrary, they admit their presence to be
indispensable to the growth of plants ; nevertheless
it is to ammonia that they assign by far the most
importance. The following tuble gives the result
of their inquiry in respect to a considerable num-
ber of substances, and showing how many loads of
each are required in order to produce the same ef-
fect as 100 loads of common farmyard dung. We
have omitted from these tables a few substances
which, not occurring in this conntry, have no inte-
rest for farmers and gardeners in (Jrcat Britain. —
English Gardeners' Chronicle, .

A Tabu of Manures,
Showing the numbers of loads required in both the
moist (or ordinary) nnd dried (or prepared) states,

to equal 100 loads of farm yard dung, so far as
the quantity of nitrogen is concerned :

Moist. Dried.

Pea straw, 22 100

Sainfoin straw, 83 361

Vetch straw, 39 174

Wheat straw, ]66 6.50

Do. 81 367

Do., lower joints, 97 453
Do., upper joints, with the beads after

thrashing, ."^O J37

Rye straw, 235 '.175

Do., of 1841, 95 390

Oat straw, 142 541

Barley straw, 173 7.'>0

Wheat chaff, 47 207

Jerusalem artichoke straw, 108 453

Broom, 32 142

Green beet leaves, (fanei,) 80 43

Potato leaves, 72 84

Carrot leaves, 47 G(i

Heath leaves, 22 102

Sea wrack, 46 138

Do. 42 123

Do. 28 85
Do. fresh from the eea, 74

Malt dust, 8 39

Buried clover roots, 24 110

Flax cake, 7 32

R.ipo cake,

Fish cuke,

Grease rake.

Heel root pulp,

Do.

Potato pulp,

Starch water,

Do.

Starch refuse.

Do.

Dunghill drainings,

•Sawdust of acacia,

Do.

Do. of fir wood,

Do.

Sawdust of oak.

Solid cow dung.

Cow urine,

Mixed cow dung,

Solid horse dung,

Horse urine,

Mixed horse dung,

Do. pig dung.

Do. sheep dung.

Do. goat dung,

Pigeon dung,

Liquid Flemish manure,

T)o)

Belkini's poudrette,

Oyster shells,

Marl,

Dry muscular flesh.

Cod salted,

Do. pressed and dried.

Blood soluble,

Do. liquid,

Do.

Do. coagulated .ind pressed,

Do. dry insoluble,

Feathers,

Cow's hair.

Woollen rags,

Horn raspings.

Bones, boiled (fondus)

Do. moist.

Do. fat.

Glue refuse,

Glue dross, (niare de coUe,)

Graves,

.s

.•1.")

71

32-.>

11

49

30

154

iO.'i

154

7(i

100

571

r,n

111

107

24

67

126

1.(7

513

173

029

2.->(>

ma

173

629

74

25(3

1J5

84

90

51

W

75

72

68

15

IS

54

64

frl

57

36

(;3

18

49

4

21

210

181

10

44

125

487

78

377

3

13

5

17

2

10

3

13

13

14

8

11

2

11

2

11

2

12

2

9

2

13

5

25

7

6

75

213

10

34

3

15

Cost of EnrcATiON. — The large amount which
is annually expended in Massachusetts for the sup-
port of our free schools, is often a subject of re-
mark ; but few people, however, are aware of the
value of the sums lost tn the State, by the exemp-
tion of literary institutions from taxation. Tho
Boston Courier says that " about ten years ago, a
gentleman whose researches into the subject had
enabled him lo arrive at a pretty accurate conclu-
sion, estimated that nearly one fifth of all the prop-
erty of the Commonwealth then escaped taxation,
from the circumstance of its being invested in
funds for the support of religious and literary in-
stitutions."— Mercantile Journal.

Jlclion before words. — " I did 'nl like our minis-
ter's sermon last Sunday," said deacon Doze to
his neighbor Higgins. (The deacon had slept all
sermon lime.) " Did 'nl like it! Why, deacon,
I saw you nodding assent to every proposition he
made." — Selected.

Never go to bed with cold feet or « cold heart

262

NEW ENGLAND F A R i\I E R

FKB. in, 1841

A.M< IIORTICULTURAI. REGISTER.

BoSTO!', WtllNESDAV, FEBRUAIlr 16, 1842.

HIXTH AGRICULTURAL MEETING AT THE

STATE HOUSE.

Suhjcct — Sheep Husbandry.

Mr Buckniiiisti^r, E<l. of PIciwnian, said ihnl lie former-
Ij kepi xiioxp, butdoca noinind it |iro(itiil>le now nnar the
city. Tlio sheep is a great gnrmondizer — natiirnlisls
tell us lliat ilssloinanh is lar^ior in proportion tn ild sizr ,
thiin lliiit nl' iiny other domestic animal. He would re-
pent Olio nf'liis iibsurd notions adv.incrd last )e(ir for the
purpose of bringing on debate. The absurdity is this —
thut he has not round the manure of sheep as gnod as
that of cows. Also, it is an old niixiin, that one ho^
will make as much manure as two cOwb — but he thinks
one cow as good for making manure as two li"gs.

A gentleman, name not known, said he would suggest
a few qiioslions as to llto most profitaldc kinds of shec[>.
There iire n lew South Downs among us — there are
Spanish .Merino and Sa.tony, good for wool. The Irish
• niully fici^d and white faced, good lor mutton — which
is the most profitable?

Mr Fitn.h, of Sheffield, r.'plied, that if the object is to
get looo/, th" Merinos and Saxonies are heat; but if ma(-
toti is wanted, the large, longwooled are to bo chosen.
The Saxon,' is from the .Merino. The oliject ainie.d .-it
in Saxony vi:\sfinettrss of fleece. At present prices, the
Merino is morn profitable thau the Saxony, taking
weight of fleece and constitution borti into the nceouni.
They p'oduce almost twice as much. Saxonies will
give a fleece of 2 1-4 lbs , which %vill bring 50 cents. A
flock of 40 Merinos, in Connecticut, with- which lie is
acqiiainli'd, (.ave iJOO lbs. of wool, or 5 lbs. each, worth
from 3-i to 40 cents; — the same flock gave 40 lambs.
The nheop have every attention and ore well kept. Has
himself lakin IC lbs. of wool fiom two Merino bucks.
The Merino is more hardy than the Saxony — hears the
winter belter and requires legs attention at the time of
lambi-ig. At birth the Merino lambs are clothed —
while the Saxony are almost snaked. Fineness of wool
is gctieralty an iinlication of degeneracy — and Hnoness
of hair on the human head indicates the same.

The lineness of Saxony wool has been produced by
breeding in and-in. Tbis course brings di-generacy.
These shei*p require a close house and much care. The
Merino will do well with much less atteiiliim. Thinks
sheep manure good ; and when properly littered they
will make more from a ^'ivou qnunuty ol food than cat-
tle. They improve fields nioro when feeding upon
tliem.

Mr TidJ, of Mow Brainlree, asked whether Mt Fitch
had been speaking of pure Mniinoa.

Mr Fitch. Yes. Tho Merino will give as much
wool as any nlhr.r shoep of ilie same weight: Tho ex-
pense of keeping is in proportion to size : the wool is in
proportion to surface. The solid contents of rylinders
are as tho cubes of their diameters : the surface is as the
squares. So that if the siieep are of equal length and
round, the sm.iiler one will hnvo the mont surface in
proportiim to weight. [Let the diameter of imc (heep
be 2, and of another 3. The square of 2 is 4 ; its cube
is 8. The sqmiic of 3 is 9— its cube is 27. The surfi-
co« in these cases are as 4 to 9 — while the bulk, weight,
or s'llid eootenls is as S to -7,— showing that there is
obviously good ground for Mr F.'s conclusion, that a
larger anixunt of sheep surface or wool ground can be
maintained at the same vxpciiae on small sheep than on
Urge ones. — lUyortcr.]

Wool on l.iige sheep is generally looser than on small
ones The small have the mo.st wool in proportion to
sizo. Merinoand n itive cross give good slock of fine
constitution — better than Merino and Saxony cross.

Mr Plunkelt, of Pitl8li> Id, said his experience is not
much, but ho thinks that sheep shou'd bo suited to tho
soil. Small ones are best for hills ami short pastures,
larger ones f^>r rich pastures and meadows. He can
make about as many pounds of fino wool as of coarse
on the same quantity nf lied. Tho luising of sheep has
not been a very good business latly, owirii' to the low
price of \vool — but perhaps it has hp.tn as good as most
other liranches of fartning. A cause of the low prices
and of need of beltei- protection, may be found in the
following statistics.

The growth of wool in the United States is piobably
not less than forty millions ol pounds It may be as-
sumed that one half of this amount is worked up in our
manufdiTluring establish men is.

" Tlio importance of this branch of agricultural industry
is not only great, considered of itself, hut in its effect on
the other branches of ngriculliiriil labor. If the farmers
are drivin from the wool growing business by low prices
of wool, then the dairy and beef growing business will
j become depressed from over production of those great

; Staples.
1

It is well known to the farming interest that at the
present time the price of wool is very iiiueh depressed,
and that our wool growers are generally desirous of get-
ting out of that kind of farming ; anil it might be useful
to inquire into all the causes that have tended to this de-
pression.

By the compromise of the tariff question in 1832, all
foreign wool costing at tlin place from whence imported
less than eight ceiiis per pound, was admitted free of
duty. There was imjiortid in the year ending Sopt.
1832, 4,042,838 lbs. ; out of this amount were exported
1,227,059 lbs ; leaving less than three millions of lbs. to
be consumed in this country.

Tlie imponation <if wool has gradually increased
since that time. In the year ending Sept. .30th, 1838,
there was imported 6,908,365 lbs. ; 0,551,126 of which
were imported free of duty. In tho year ending Sept.
30th, 1639, there was imported 7,.'^24,548 lbs.; 7,398,519
of which were imported free of duty. Only 9,800 H)S.
were exported during the sumo year. Mr P. has not
been able 10 asccilain the importation ol wool in tho
years of 1840 and '41. We may, however, from known
ficlsobout the importation of wool, cahulote the amount
impirtf^d in the l.ist year to exceed ten millions pounds;
an^amouIlteqllal to about one half of what is raised by our
farmers in this counir)' to be sold to the manufacturers.

Ileie wo hcvo a principal cnusunf the great depres-
sion of the price of wool at this time.

Frauds are practiced in the importation of foreign
wool, which def'iaud tho government of revenue and
oppress a large agricultural interest. This is done by
the mixing, -in the foreign country, dirty nnd coarse woid
with better qualities, and even dirt is mixed with the
wool, so that tho compound is worth lisj than eight
cents, also by importing it on the skin in a filthy slate.

This wool, much of it, is as good as the Inwcr grades :
of onr own fleece wool, and all of it lake* the place of j
just such an amount of American raiseil wool. |

It may be said justly, that iho price of wool is as high I
as manufacturers can afford to pay, with the present |
price of cloths. Still the farming interest ought not to I
be sacrificed to the manufacturing interest — tho one
ought to be 08 much protected as the other. This is a
subject which rails for tho immediate action of Congress I
to correct the evil.

Mr .Merriam, Ed. ol the Cultivator, stated that
ranibliog propensities of sheep may be owing to the fi
that they will oat a greater variety of plains than ol
animals, and perhaps require a greater variety. ]t
been proved in England that they will not do wull
turnips alone, for more thin six weeks: they requi
bitters. He related the facts of the well known expel
ment in France, by which it was proved that youi
bucks and older ewes produce more female than
offspring, and that older bucks and young ewes prodi
more males tlian feniahs. Ilrceding in- ind-in not gi
The manure, where they arc we'll littered, is worth mi
than that of any other animals. He added a little to
I'lunkett's statistics, and urged the importancaof mi
effectual protection of the wool growing interests.

MrC'de, Ed. Fanner's Journal, has had cxperi
with but few kinds; first had natives— next 7-8 SaxOI
This flock gave fleeces of from 4 to 6 lbs. The Saxoi
where he lived in Maine, was preferred to any othi
The reports of the Agricultural Society of Kennal
county, Mc, show that they picfir the South Downa
any others. I'ngtutes for sheep should be high and
They do best in dry seasons. He has n<:ver g«en l!
drink in summer. In winter tliey will drink oftei
than cattle. Clover hay is good feed for them. lloolA
are excellent for them in winter, but they should not
have many potatoes just before lambing; better then to
give some grain. Evergreen boughs are ofXen given an4
answer a good purpose in feeding. The manure is bet*
ter than most other kinds. (L. Peters, Esq., of VVeBibo«
ro'jinqoircd what kind of grain lie would give.) Uoef
not know whether corn or oats is to be preferred, bul
would grind in either case.

Mt Aloseley,of Westfield, has fiiund the Johnswoi
poisonous and troublesome to shiep when he gives thci
salt, but not so when sail is withhelJ. Ten sheep, with
him, require two tons of hay worth 24 dollars; can get
13 dollars worth of wool and 12 of lambs ; and by throw
ing in the'pasturing come out square : — that is the way
fanners arc getiing rich. Their manure is good.

Mr West, of Pittsficid, is not a woul grower, but soma
of his ueighbors have large flocks. One who has 1
lar;;e flock keeps them in barn rcllars, grates his roots
and cuts his fodder mostly. I'roiertinn of this interest
is loudly called for,and our people should answer to lbs
call.

Mr Lalhrop, cif South Hadley, pave an interesting ac-
count of a small flock of South Down shoep, which ha
is satisfied do well in small flocks, but has not tried them
in large numbers. Iln gave many facts relating to tha
sire of these sheep and the ease with which lliry take
on fat, that we did not hear with siifliciunt ^islinctnera
to note with aceuruey. Thinks that 8 fair sized sheep
will eat about as much as one cow. Fresh earth mixed
with milk will counteract the poisonous ellocts of laurel
—(laiiib-kill or kill-lamb.)

Mr Merriam has found that cast it oil will cure.

Mr Tidd says that shot will do the aame.

WILL OF BENJAMIN BUSSEY, ESQ.
Lost week wo copied from one of the riiy papers a i
brief account of Mr Biissey's uill, frimt which it inighl
be inferred that one hiiir<.( his large property (§;3.'>0,(I(I0,)
is to be I'mmer/irirt'i/ applied to the esiablishuient of an
agricultural school or college. One half of the estate ii
lieqiieallied for that jiurpose, but not nil after ihedeceasa.
of Mrs B. and also of two other persons who are ye
}'oung. According to the usual course of Provtdenc6|]
the property will be in possession of the family untifl
unotiior generation uf agriculturists shall conic upon th*j
stage.

A good book and a good woman nro excellent thing! J
for those who know how justly to appreciate their val-

vol.. XX. >•<». .11.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

•263

TIIK.IIMOMKTIUCAI..

Rfp..rlrOli.i llif NVvv Knthinil Karmrr.
if ih» rhrrmiiiiM-iiT ni thp (■■nlriinr llie prnprielom
iIht Nri* CniMauil (■"wTMir, l>rigliliin, Mnn. in k thiidnl
rx|ingiir«. (tir ilm wf^k «n<lin^ Frb. IS.

FrI.. lS-12.

I 6 A.M. I li, M. I B.I'.M. I \Vin.l.

N.
N. W.

ii.l>

n

33

BO

<« 1

31

3i

30

6

10

18

IM

38

31

S«

44

4S

41

»a

40 1

1 30

4(1

39 1

S.E.
N.
S. F.

KUiino.N .M.\UKK"r.— Moni.AT, Feb. 14, IWJ
RriMiilril for Ills Nrw Knilmil F«rin«r.

Al .Mjrkel Jl.n ilecl ( 'nt tic, and C.-'O Sheep.

'i.icre — />«f/ Ciiltle \Vn quiile n luw clioico calllc

$0 Wc nimio first qii.ililv, S.I .W a 5 7,'i. Sen-
J qiinlily, $1 75 11 5 a? 'ri.iid qunliiy f:i 75 a 4 .'lO.
SAf'/i. — All ai nnrkct »vcro stall frd. fales frnin

(X) to

Stcine. —None at market except a Tew from tlic ncigli-
•hciod.

^VIIOLESALG PRKES crRltEMT.

Corrected uith great care, iccckly

BEDS. Herds Grass, $9 33 to 3 00 pcrhushel Red Top,

o45 cents. Clover — Northern, IJc. — Soulliern, 12 to 13 c.

I S«ed, *1 SJ to 1 i?5liu. f.uccriic, 25 u. per lb. Ca-

y Seed, t3 50 a 4 00 per bushol.

R.\I.\. Sales of tlie week consist of while Corn 6lo.
3W llat, 65 a 66c and old do. do., which is scarce, 6S a
yi*^r bushel. Oais, Delaware, 4Sc. hut few huyers.
, uone in market; a few p.ircels country Rye have been
ghl in, and sold to dealers at 85c, 56 potinds to the

hel.

om— Nort<iem, bushel 72 to 74 — do. Round Yellow 71

!— do. Southern Flat Yellow 64 n 66 — While do. CI n 62
rlejr 65 a 6S— Rye, Northern, bo a S2— Oals— Souih-
17 a 43 — Northern do. 46 to 50— Beans, per bushel 75
0.

ILOUR. Sales to the trade ol" common brands Gene-
«& 44 a 86 50 ; fancy, i6 56 a 36 62. In southern, thertv
been but little done ; sales Italliinure city Mdls $6, 4
,'do extra, S6 25, 1 inos ; Howard street, $6 12, 4 nios,
Fredericksburg, i6, 4 mos. Philadelphia, t6, oirshoit-

ime.

Caltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. te 12 a do

rf, K uu — do. free of garlic, 86 18 a Phila-

thia do. 4 mos. 86 no a Fredericksburg, lowi'd 4

86 00 a Alexandria, wharf mountain, $6 00 a

GeorgetowB, 06 12 a 6 25— Richmond Canal, S5 00 a 6

•do. City, 87 00— Genesee, common, cash, 86 44 6 50 — do
f brands 86 56 a 6 62— Ohio via Canal, 86 25 a 6 37
■o Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 23.
JOVISIONS. There have been sales on Mess Beef,

iJOo bbls al 80 5e per bbl. 4 inos ; 3 a 40oci kegs Ucstern
Laid, 6c; 150 bbls do do. Ec per lb. 6 mns ; so do do
mon, 4 3-4C. The public sales consist of 220 bids West-
Mess I'oFk 87 25 ; TTi do Prime, io SO a 6 75 ; 14 bbls
.tern Mess beef, 86 75 ; 56 do Prime, 84 12 ; 22 bbls do
, 87 00 ; 14 do do Mess. 89 1 -3 per bbl ; 50 do do new
r Pork, 8i 1 1-4 a 1 1 3 8, 4 mos ; 1200 kegs Lard 85 3-4
per lb. 4 inos.

•el— .Mess, 4 mo. new I.M. «9 60— Navy— S3 50 a —
o. 1 87 75 a 3 Ofi— ilo Prime 85 00 a 5 50— Pork- Extra
•, 4mo. bbl. 812— dii Clear 8lo a It- do Mess 83 00 »
— do Prime 87 00 a 7 50 — do Mess from other States
) a 7 50.

OOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ei-
lon shall not exceeii 3 cts. per pound, free. .All where*
value exceeds 3 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad val. and
per pound.

lies of Heece and pulled have been made to a rootlerate
ttt, prices conforming to late quotations; but little doing
irse foreign, and i>ric'es unchanged,
me or Saxony Fleece.^, washni, lb. 47 a 60 c. — Amcr-
fuli Mood, do 43 a 46— Do 3 4 do 40 a 41 — Do. I -2 do
37 — 1-4 and eommon do 30 a 32— Smyrna Sheep,
led, 20 a 26 — Do. unwashed, 10 a I4~liengusi do
0 — Saxony, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
~o. picked, 12 a 16— Sujierfine Northern pulled lamb 37
—No. 1 do. do. do. 35 a 37 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30-
3 do dodo 13 a 20.

*V, per ton. 820 lo25-Eastern Screwed 819 to 20.
DP.S. There is no great addition to the stock, and piiccs
111 the same as bclore reported ; Massachusetts Inspec-
12 1-2 a 13c per lb, lor first sort.
I sort, Mass. I S4 1 per lb 1 2 a 1 3.
HE.ESE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New S to8.
OS, 16 a 25.

KAIl.n KUK li.\l.i:.

I.or sale a ■■'arm in t.oxiniitnn •iliMt'.<l one mile veil of
the Village, and 11 niib « frnin Ho<«toii, runtniiitiig 175 acres,
including about 40 ai res of wund land, the soil ii rirh, and
iin.ler n high stale of cnMivalinn. ftn the prrinises is a
large Dwelling House, whirh will ennvenienllyaciioii nio<lala
two families; a large Barn, Shed, Chaiao House, Mill
Houie, Cider !Mill ami Ice Hniisr.aiid an extensive Piggery,
nil of which are new, nnn gniHl rfoair. The Farm is sloi-k-
eil with every variety of {•'nut, and the (•ardeii, which in
eliidea nbont an acre, wijh a choice solcttlion of Shrubii and
J'^lowering Plants, whirli the proprietor has devoted several
vears in procuring, with great care i\nd expense. Wuhin
the garden is a Green House, 40 feet by 16. with suihiblo
buildings adjacent to iiccnnimodato the (inrdener. The
House IS healeil tipnti the most approved pliiii, iiiul is slock-
ed with a variety of the best Grapes, Flowering plants, &c.

A valuable stoi-k of improved Short Horn, Durham, North
Devon, and Alderney Cattle will be sold to the purchaser of
the Farm if wnnled. For further particulars inqujrr nl
ARAD PROCTfe-R, on the premises, or of JAMES VILA,
Bath Street, Boston,

If not dis|xised of at private sale it will be offered at
A net inn on Friday, ist of April at 3 o'clock P. M.

Feb. 16. eplAl

FARMS !P.JR SAkK.

To he sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres of Land,
beautifully situated, one mile and a qunrur from the centre
of Billeriia, on ihc niiiin road lead iiig from Lowell to Bos-
ton ; 7 miles from tin- former, and 17 miles from the latter
place. There is a large Dw Ming House thereon, suitable
for two familicA also a large Barn. Also, an estiiblish-
ment built two years since for keeping swine, wilh an appar-
atus for boiling with steam, and having every other conve-
nience fur the biisincis. Also a Wood Shed, Chaise House,
Granjry, and Cider Mill House, with a Graler Mill.

Alflo, another Farm ailjo'ning the above, containing aboub
thirty fivefleres of Land, hnvinga Dwellin'; House and large
Shop built two years ago, for a shoe esiablishineut. The a-
hove named lands arc of an e.xcelient quality of every variety
of soil, well calculated for profitable firming, and especially
adapted to Fruit, Hay and Vegetables for market, and cnn-
laining more than 800 Fruit Trees' — Said estate can lie con-
veniently divided so as to make three good farms, or the
shop wiib five or six acres of land can be sold separately to
sun purchasers.

The above property' if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Public Auction on Thursday ihe 17th of March
next al 10 o'clock A. IM. on the premises.

Any genllcniaii from ihc.cily, wishing a handsome situa-
tion for a country residence, or any farmer oi mechanic wish-
ing to purchase, may do well to call and view the premises.

Inquire of iho subscriber, living near the same.

SEKENO FISK.

Billerica, Jan. 19, 1842. ist 17M.

SrX DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-^re's, Sun Dial«, a
very neal and useful article for the purpose of giving the lime
of dnf in the garden orfield. Prion 75 cents. For sale by
J. BRECK 4- CO , No 61 and 52 Norlh Market St. .

Sept 4 .

WILLIS'S LATEST IMPROVED VEQBTABLK
CUTTER.

ThiB machine suruasse.s all others for the purpose of cut-
ting Riita Baga, Mangel Wurtzel, and other roots The
great objection to oilier machines, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes it almust impossible for the cattle
to get hold of Iheni; this machine with a liltle alteration
cuts them into Ijrgc or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient for the cattle to eat. It will cut with ease from
one to two bushel- ofrool.'f per minute.

Forsalt bv JOSEPH BRECK «i CO., at the New Eng.
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and S2 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvenieniv have been made the pnsi voir in Ike
form anil workniaiisliip of these Pb.iifhs ; the nioubl bi ani
has been so fiirmed iis to lai/ the Jurroir '■njiinlrtrh/ orar.
tuminpr in tTrrij particle nT i^raKt lir ilnhhlr, nnti irnrinr Ihe
firroiinil in the' hot jmssiblc manner. The b-ntlh of lb*
moulil board has b< n very murb inereajrH, «n that lh«
Plough works with Ihe greatest ease, both wiih re«pect l»
the holding and the team. The Cummiltee at the late trial
of Ploughs nl Worcester, say,

" Shoul.l-our opinion be asked as to whirh of the Plough*
we should prefer for use on a farm, we mieht iieibrij.* say N>
the inquirer, if your land is innsily light ami easv to woik,
try Prouly & Mcors, but if your laiulin heanj, h>n i arroel.y,
OEOis WITH Ma. HnWABp's.''

At Ihfe above me-.tMned trial the Howard Pl'iigh tlid
wore irork,ipifft the same pmr.cr oftenm.tttan amj other
plniifrh exltiljilril. No other turned more ihan tweniyse oa
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. drangbt, while ih*
Horcard, Ptoiigti turned iiccntifninc and one ttnlf inthea, to
Me «,/mc power of team I All acknowledge that Howard'*
Ploughs are much the strongest and most sulsiantinlly
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shn^
or land side o( this Plough, which can be rene\v> d w itbout
having lo furnish a new landside- this shoe liki »i>.e seciiiw
the monk! board and landside together, and strengthens th«
Ploiiuh very much.

The price of ihe Ploughs is from 86 In »I5. A Plough,
suflicienl for breaking up with four cattle, will co-t about
31i> 50, and with culler 81, with wheel and cutter, 82 M
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, ■!
the New England Agricultural Warehntise and Seed St<>i«,
Nos. 61 & 52 Norlh Market Street, hv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FARM IK LEXINCSTON

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as the llnstinga
Place, containing about 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
E. Pbinney. The land is of excellent quality, v "11 stocked
wilh fruil trees, anil a good supply of voiinc wood. For
terms apply at this oflice, or of E. PHINNE^', living near
the premises Leiiugtnn, Feb. 9, 1842.

S-OR SALE,.

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIG.S, from 2 to 4
months ofl. E. PHINNEY.

Lexing'.on, Fe^. 9.

GKIIVDS'rOKES. ON FRICTION ROLLERS.

Grindstones of dilTerent sizes hung on friction rollers and
moved with a fool treader, is found lo be a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging gri.id>tones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders ihem
very easy to tuni wilh the fool, by which the Inbor of on*
man is saved, and the person in the act of g:iuding, cai
govern the stone more lo his mind by having il.e cnmplel*
control ul his work. Stones hnng'in this i. • -r nre be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever Used, - ..• univer-
sal satisfaction. The ndlers can be attached u» ol-mcs hue
in the common way.

For sale ny JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Njs. .m and (3
North Markel Boston. July 14

POl'DRETTE. %

500 Barrels Porudrette may be had on application to the
subscriber, at 82 per barrel of four busliels each- delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders by mail, entlosinf
the moiiev will be prompllv alien. ;ed lo, if receivril soon br
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nas-aust , New ^■.l^k.
Jan, 5, 1842.

TYF. rP CHAINS.

Just received by COO Chains for lyeing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. 11. Denuv. E-q. ol Salei^
and ("ill Jacques, for the purpose of securing loiiIc to tin
stall, are found te be the salesl and must convcnienl mode
of fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

For sale by J. BRECK &. CO., No. 82 Norlh Market •(.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fence? or olher purposes. For rale by J. BRKCK li
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

264

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PRB. 16. IK4 9

MISCELLANEOUS.

"CHILDREN, COME TO PRAYKR."

" O come let us imrship and bow down : let u» hneel be-
_Jbrc our Maker."

The folli)wini» lieauliful lines were published in ihe Union
Annua!, unJirllie hcail of "The Family Allar."

Conic to tlic place of prayer !
Parents nmi children, conic and kneel liefore
Your Goii, und with united hearts adore

Him whose aione your life and heing are.

Coine lo ihe place of prayer;
Ve hand of loving hearts; O come and raise,
With one cnnscnl, Ihe grateful song of praise.

To him who hiessed you with a lot so fair !

Come in the morning hour.
Who halh raised you from the dream of night'?
Whose hand liath poured around the cheering li^htl

Come and ador that kind and heavenly power.

Come Dt ihc close of day.
Ere wearii.'d nature sinks in gentle rest;
Come, and let your sins be here confessed ;

Come, and lor his protecting mercy pray.

Has sorrow's withering blight
Tour dearest hopes in desolalion laid,
An4 the once cheerful home in gloom arrayed ?

Yet pray, for He can turn Ihc gloom to light,

His sickness entered in
Your peaceful mnnsion ? then let the prayer ascend,
On wines nf faith, lo that all-gracious Friend,

Who came lo heal the bitter pains of sin.

Come 10 the place of prayer.
At morn, at night, in gladness or in grief—
Eurround the throne of grace; there seek relief,

Or pay your free and grateful homage there.

So in the world above
Parents and chihtren may meet at last.
When this their weary pilgrimage is pist.

To mingie their joylul notes of lo\e.

"Well, my y.mng friend," replied Iho President, retires from a world wlierc every lace is stern, a{
"I gcorce'ly koo any way in which yon might be every look cold, and once more is happy nmnng
useful to us. The request is somelliing singular." children. Tliey iiro a borid to bind us to^elhcf.

"Why, I can bring water, cut wood, or black they keep our hearts from beinj; chilled by cor,
your boots," interrupted tlie boy, bis eyes bright- tact with the world. God bless little children U
ening in liis earnestness. " I » ant lo {;et an edi- StUcUd.
cation — I want to make something of myself. I
do'nt keer how hard I work, only so as to get an; It is stated that during the year 1840, the tq

edication. I want " .' j number of persons convicted of felony in F.ng\^

He paused, at a loss for words to express his was lt<,St27— of these 4,K.') were transported, i
ideas. But there was a langimge in the cxpres- ; of which number only 3'JO had received such
sive lip, and glancing eye; there was a languafre education as enabled them to read and understi!
in his manner— in the tone in which the words I the Bible, the reiuainiiig ;},7J5 being more or Ifl
were spoken, that appealed at once to the Prcsi- | and the great majority wholly uneducated,
dent's feelin"3. near and fatal the connection between ignorai^

He determined to try the sincerity of the youlli. j and vice !
" I am afraid, rny young friend, that I can do
nothing for you. I would like to assist you, but I
see no way in which you can be useful to us at
present."

The President resumed his book,
he glanced nt the plowboy, who, silent and mute,
stood holding the liaiiille of the door. He fingered
luH rough hat confusedly with one fihnd — his eyes
were dowi cnst, and his upper lip quivered and
trembled as tliau'.;h ho-were endeavoring to repress
strong and sudden feelings of intense disappoint-
ment. 'I'he effort was but half successful. A tear
emerging from the downcast eyelid, rolled over
the sunburnt cheek, and with a quick, nervous ac-
tion, the plowboy raised his toll-hardened hand
and brushed away the sign of regret.

He made a neW meant but awkward mark of

obeisance, and opened the door, had one foot across

the threshold, when the President called him back.

The plowboy was in a few niinutes hired as man-

of-all work, and boot-black lo the College.

AaRici;i.Ti;RA.i,. ii)iPi.i£Ai£:.\'rs, ao

The Proprietors of the New England Agricuhural Wj
house Dnd Seed Store No. 51 and S2 North Market i
I would inform iheir cusloniers and the piihlic generally]
In a moment they have on hand the most extensive assort incnl nf A
ciiltuial and tlurticultunil Tools to he found lu the L'n
Stales. Part of which are Ihe following :

1000 flownrd's Palent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Cnmninn do. do.
200 CuUivainrs.
100 nreene's Straw Cutters.
EO Willis' do. do.
lOU Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellcrs.
50 (l^ommon do do.
2iK) Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegcl5l)lc Cullers
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1500 Doz- Scythe Sinnes.
30110 '■ Austin's Kifles.
March 17.

THE BOOT-BLACK AND THE COLLEGE
PRESIDENT.

TWO SCENES FROM RTAL I.IPE.

Some scorn of years since, the President of a
well known College in Kentucky, was one morning,
while silting in his study, astonished by the en-
trance of a singular visitor.

The vi.silor was a boy of some seventeen years,
rough and uncouth in his appearance, dressed in
coarse homespun, with thick, clumsy shoes on his
feet, an old lallercd felt hat on his head, surmount-
ing 0 m:iss of uncombed hair, which relieved swar-
thy and sun-burnt features, marked by eyes quick
and spurkling, but vacant and inexpressive, from
the want of education. The whole appearance of
tho youth was that of an untaught, uncultivated
plowboy.

The President, an affable and a venerable man,
inquired into tlie business of the person who stood
before him.

" If you please, sir," said the plowboy, with all
tho hesilaney of an uneducnted rustic — " if you
please, fir, I 'd like lo get some lariiin'. I heard
you lind a college in these parts, anil 1 thought if I
would work a spell for you, you wQuld help me
now and then in geltin' an edication."

The ne.\t scene which we give the reader, was
in a new and magnificent church, rich with the
beauties of ardiitcclure, ami thronged by an im-
mense crowd, who listened in deathlike stillness
to the burning cloqiienre of the minister of heaven,
who delivered the n:i8sioii of his Master from the
altnr.

The speaker was a man in the full glow of mid-
dle age — of striking and impressive appearance —
piercing, intellectual eye, and high, intelligent fore-
head.

Every eye is fixed on him — every lip is hushed,
and every car, with neivous intensity, drinks in the
eloquent teaching of the orator.

Who ill all that throng would recognize, in the

famed, the learned, Ihe eloquent President of

College, Pennsylvania, the humble boot-black of
(.'oUegc, in Kentucky. — Louisville Jour.

CmLniiKN — They are the blessings of this world
— the sweets ninong its .sorrows — the roses amoii
its thorns. With their merry smiles, their joyous
voices, their careless laughter, they liglit up our
abodes as with a ray from heaven. Whose heart
docs not leap within him to hear their shouts .-
Who can look on their faces nnd not rejoice that
there are such linppy creatures on this dull earth?
They meet the poor man coming from his labor,
and lie forgets his fatigue, and his whole soul bless,
es tiiem. They gnlhi-r round the rich man's
health, and he who is haughty to other", mu*< stoop
to fondle them. The fortunate i?ian comes home,
and his successes thrill him with deeper pleasure,
as his children welcome him — and the unfortunate

100 doz. Ca<it Steel Sho
150 '* Ciifomun do.1
ittii " Sj>ades.
000 " Gross S<vlhe8.
men! Snaiihs.
Common do.
Hoy Kakes.
Garden do.
INIanurc Forks.
Hay do.

00 Pair Trnce Chains.
100 •' Truck do.
100 Dralt do.

too Tie up do.

50 doz. Haller do.
lOiKI yards Fence do.
23 Grind Stones on rolls

3(IU
201)
600
200
200
3U0

cni'lEN'.S PATK.VT STHAW CUTTKB.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. nt ih^Ncw England Aifmi
tuial Warehouse nnd Seed St.ire Nos. 01 andf.2 Norlbf
kel Slrccl, have tor sale, Green's Patent Sir.iw, Hay
Stalk Cutter, operating <ui a nicclmnic!:! prinri|ile not f
applied lo any iinplomcni lor liiis purpose. The mosl |
inenl efli-ctsuf ihis uiiplicalini uud some ul the cuaso)d
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a redaction of the quantum ol power reqail
to use it, that the strength of a hall growa boy is suma
lo work it eMlcienlly.

2. With even litis moderate power, it casilycutstwoba
I'ls a minute, which is full twice as fast us has licen claid
liy any oibcr machiuc even when worked by burse or itCI
power.

3. The knives, owing lolhe peculinrinanner in whichlj
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any on
strjw cjtter. <

4. The machine is simple inits conslruction, made andl
together very slron;;ly. Il is therefore not so liable as]
coinplicalcdjnuchincs jn general use tu gel out ofords

A E W F. N C I- A N I) F A K M K R .

A WKKKLT r.^l-KK. <f

Terms, $3 per year tn ajranee, or $2 OJ if not pn
within tliirly days.

N. B. — Pojtmanlnrn arc permitted by law lo frank Bl
• iibscriptions and renullunctii lor newspapers, wiihosi
eipeoso lu •ubMcribera.

VVTTLX AND DENNETT, PHlMTEnS.

AND HORTICULTURAL U E G I S T i: K .

PUBLISHED BT JOSEPH BRBCK * CO., NO. S3 NORTH MARKET STRKET, (AonicutTunAi Wa»ihoo««.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOIl.

L.XK.]

BOSTON, WRDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY K), 1842.

[RO. .14.

N. E. FARMER.

For lh« N. E. Farmer.

JBLIC SrillIT— SUHSCRIBING FOR A

PAPER.

Vc uften hear farmers and others expntiating
ally upon llie beauties of public apiril, but ro-
up to testify their re.-pect for this virtue, when
ly anA practically exhibited to their view,
or my own part I never hear a person culogii-
thu virtue, without wishing to inquire whether
tiiJic.i the pnprrs." Thousands who ore elo-
it 111 extolling public spirit in otlitrs, are woii-

roinidd in practising it themselves,
s a general lliin:;, fanners, I think, are more
to neglect this virtue than others. There is
Ims of men by whom instruction is more nced-
laii by the farmers ; and none by whom the
nse requisite to secure it, is more generally
penurioiisly benriidjcd. A man who will talk
i4/ic spiril, onJ refuse his family the advanta-
3f a newspaper, which will cost perhaps oao or
dollars per year, should be regarded as one
cares Ices for practice than Ihtory, and who
d, were it not for the laws, permit his family
ffer for ordinary conveniences, in order to
omizc his cash.

hero are thousands of farmers in New England
•re not subscribers to any paper, and whose
e are so thoroughly overcome by prejudice,
they would nut receive a paper were it offered
of all expense. Such a spirit cannot bo oth-
lethan fatally detrimental to the best interests
3 country, and should be repudiated as an enc-
I society al large. H. D. \V.

indham. Me., Feb. 12, 1842.

^We are sorry that our correspondent's asser-
in relation to the reluctance of farmers to
papers, are too true, /f'e should not have
ired upon such remarks ourself, because they
d appear, when coming from us, to be but an
osted and m^rcerary call for subscribers. It
le that we should be glad of more subscribers,
ivould be thankful to any friends who would
0 our list ; — but, bo it weakness, or be it snme-

ectitled to another name, we cannot urcre men
kc our own writings. We gladly insert the
icited remarks of our responsible correipon-
and hope that tney will bo regarded as his,
icted upon as the advice of one whose on/y
/e is to benefit fanners.

e will take this occasion to give publicity to
ught that comes up every week and almost
■ day, as we look over the exchange papers.
V — f.ir too many of them are unfit for general
lation. The moral tone of them is nothealliiy :
are unfit to be thrown before a family of chil-
Tho spirit of contention, recklessness, slan-
vituperatiun and a host of other evil things, is
fleii seon in the periodical prcs». And when
ubscribc to the opinions of our correspondent,
o It with the proviso that farmers and all oth-

ben selecting papers, should take only such

as furnish food nourishing and wholesome — only
such as are chaste and moral. It is better never
to see n p.ipnr than to ho soiled by the reading of
K.iine that are in circulation. The press is a pow-
erful engine for good or for evil, and no well wi»h-
or to his country or to man, can look upon its pre-
sent inllupncos without having fears crowd thick
upon his hopes. — Ep.

For the N. E. Fnrnier.

THE SQUASH-VINE DESTROYER.

.•\f,LKN PuT.NAM, Esq. — Sir — I have rend in the
N. E. Farmer of Feb. 2, a communication signed
Allen ColBn, ii^vhich the writer asks for a preven-
tive to the BttOTis of grubs upon the roots of cab-
bages.

I suppose I have suffered from the same cause.
I say suppose — but will endeavor to bo more pre-
cise. All the cabbage tribe are liable to be attack-
ed at the roots, by whatlcall maggots — resembling
the maggots in cheese — which are properly, I be-
lipve, the larva- of some lly. These are what I
suppose Mr Coffin means by grubs. Cabbages are
also attacked by grubs, resembling, if not the same,
the grubs found in corn and potato hills. These
last change, I believe, into brown and yellow
beetles. This grub is very destructive to cabbage
plants, but in a ditlerent way from the maggot at
the root.

The grub attacks the plant in the night, at or
near the surface of the ground, and cuts it entirely
off. It may generally be found without much
trouble and destroyed.

The maggot works entirely under ground ; at-
tacks first the small fibrous roots, and then pene-
trates ttie main root, where it will generally be
found. At least, such is my experience — the first
notice you have of this hidden enomy, is in the
wilting of the outer leaves of the plant, and (t soon
after perishes and comes from the ground like a
dry stick: — I mean it has no hold by its fibres.

The preventive I have used — and I think with
good success — is essentially tho same, Mr Editor,
with tho one recommended by yourself, viz: salt —
but in the form of gea-water. I got the idea from
the story of some one, who in a fit of desperation,
watered his cabbages with saltwater — thinking,
and perhaps hoping, that it would kill them — but
which, to his astonishment, resulted in imparting
great vigor to his phints. My plants, which were
cauliflowers, were fast failing from the attacks of
the maggots, and I thought the salt water could not
hurt them more than the maggots — so I applied it
to them very freely — say one quart to a plant, and
that repeated several days — and it re.sulted, as I
thought, very favorably. I have also used salt
water for the destruction of aphides or plant lice
on ruta bagas, as well as the cabiiage tribe, both
of which are sometimes much infested with that
insect.

I have no doubt that salt, in some form, acts very
favorably upon vegetation ; but the difficulty here,
as in many other cases, would be in the applica-

tion. Will not some of your correspondents en-
lighten tho cianiiiiinily ts to the best mode of using
it. Whether dry, as an ingredient of the compost
heap, or whothcr in solution, as sea water, and ho
spread it over our fields.

Will it be safo for me to give light praRs land
a good thorough drenching of fea-wiitcr next
epr'"g ? S. X.

ICT'Salt has been much used in compost in Eng-
land during the Inst ten years. Its effects, ns de-
scribed by Cnthbert W. Johnson, in hi." work on
manures, have been |liighly beneliciul, and pirlicu-
larly so on lif;lil liinils. We have met with no ac-
count of tho use of salt water ; but we should have
no fears from apjilyingit freely early in the season,
or at any time when the land is quite moist. By
freely, we mean ten or twelve gallons to the square
rod, or 15 to 20 hundred gallons per acre. We
sowed two or three pecks of salt last summer upon
the grass, but have no minutes of the rate per acre
or of'tho effects, but were satisfied that the result
was good. Ten bushels of salt per acre, when the
ground is moist, will do no harm Our correspon-
dent, whose communication indicates that he lives
near the sen, will, we trust, make experiments with

ocean water, and give the results to the public

Eu.

UNDER DRAINING.

The following paper from tho Journal of the
Royat Agriciiltura! Society of England, dc.-icribes
an article for draining-, which can be very readily
obtained from many nf (he peat or turf meadows,
and also from the salt marshes of this vicinity.
Wherever the subsoil at the depth of from one and
an half to two and an iiaiffeet, is of sufficient firm-
ness to retain its place and furnish smootli sides
for tho ditch, much of the tough fibrous peat or
turf that is used for fuel in Essex county, wnuld
apparently an-^wer the purpose of covering perfect-
ly well. — Ed.

" To Ph. Puse;/, Esq. — Sta — -The conversation
which look place between our Secretary, Mr Hud-
son, and myself, relative to the cultivation of heavy
land, was in consequence of my observation of the
successful practice of Mr R. W. King, a considera-
ble landed proprietor of this parish, in growing tur-
nips upon cold soil, ill calculated naturally for the
purpose. The part of his farm to which I alluded,
is situated upon the hi;ihest point of Cambridge-
shire, twelve miles distant from Cambridge, and
bordering upon the county of Suffolk. The surface
of the soil is tenacious loam, shallow, upon a sub-
soil of cold clay.

Mr King's method is, in the first place, to drain
his land, whirh is done with dried turf procured
for the purpose from the fens, similar in appearance
to what used to be consumed instead of coal in the
cottages: the length varies from 12 to Ifi inches,
according to the goodness of il^ quality, some be-
ing more brittle ond more easily broken in carriage
than others. The width and depth of the best
turves IS about 3 inches : the retail piicc is now

260

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

1

FEB. !91, 184fe>l^'

^=sr

7*. per ihoosand : 4 horses in a wagon easily bring !
3000. Supposinfj the drain? to be a rod, i. o. 5 \.'i
yards nsunJcr, tlie usual distance, 2000 turves
amply suffice for one acre of land : the durability
of the drainafje depends upon the soundness of the
clay, the depth in the earti) at which the turf is
buried, and ttie goodnc-.ss of turf, which varies in
different parts of the fen. I have myself beon n
ile-niakcr for my own consumption, nnd used
many thousands, but after twenty years of practi-
cal experience of tile and turf, prefer the latter ;
it is two-thirds cheaper than tiles, and, where sheep-
folds are set, not so liable to have tli« drains bro-
ken in, the turf pfiving way to the drift, whereas the
tile breaks and the earth follows. I now cut across
the old tile drains to make turf ones in opposite
directions, and deeper in thn ground. The tile-
drains are fretiuently found to be destroyed — rats,
rabbits, moles, or narrow wheeled carriages pass-
in? over them sre all injurious. Turf is found
to be sound which has been laid Ki years, but it
pays well to renovate the drains every eight sea-
sons. The $hape of the drains corresponds with
the turf. I send a slight sketch. The first opera-
tion is with a double-breasted plow, which makes
t deep impression in the land : the laborer then
lakes a shovel to clear out the loose earth ; after-
wards he uses th« spade ; lastly he uses the land-
ditch tool, with which the lower part of the drain
i« excavated to the depth of twelve inches more :
the widlh of this apertifre is about 3 inches at the
top, and is gradually .'■educed by the shape of the
imi)lement to 1 at the bottom. The drain is per-
fectly cleared by a drawing-tool or hoe. The torf
is then pressed into the drain by the foot to its
depth, which is about 3 inches, leaving an open
course for the water of about 9 inches deep under-
neath ; when expanded by moisture, with the earth
filled in open, it will bear any weight of horsd or
cart. Th« party of men who undpitake the job
generally carry to the field a small iron drift, with
which they break or remove any stone that may in-
terrupt the spade ; if a large one they dig it out,
filling the space with clay out of which the drain
is formed for the turf A little boy or girl, from
six to eight years old, commonly attends each
drainer, with a tin mug, often an old powder-tin, at-
tached by a bit of siring to the end of a stick, and
filled frequently with water out of a pail, with
which the child follows the spade, and by pouring
it out when necessary loosens any stiff piece of
clay or earth ; when not wanted, the boy shovels
out thn moulds, previous to the operation of the
spade, or collects the stones cast out, for which he
is paid per load. The price of draining varies
from 3«. 6d. to 5a. per score rod, including hoy's
wages ; a good hand will execute 14 rod, Rome
I more, in the day. Sometimes 2, or even 3 spaihs'

depth is taken out to get a proper level, or to pene-
trate the clay, when the price of course rises in
proportion. If the shoulders of the drain give way
in a gravelly or galty place, bushes or stubble are
placed under the turf, which is doubled to fill a
larger aperture.

Land-ditching, as it is here termed, is a work in
which laborers take an interest ; families work to-
gether ; there is a competition between different
parties, which is a stimulus to all ; the work is
never too hard for children, their attention must be
always engaged; and the advantages arising to
landlord, tenant, and laborer, are so abundant, that
I hope I laay be excused in prolonging this com.
munication, as well as in earnestly recommending

this simple and economical method to all classes
not convinced by experience of the benefits arising
from frequent drainage of surface-water in a heavy
country.

For the growth of turnips on this heavy soil, Mr.
King's method is to plow hi.'i land after wheat up-
on 8 furrow ridges, twice if necessary, during win-
tor : early in the spring, about April, these ridges
are split by the plow ; the manure is plowed in
as upon the Northuinberland system. These ridges
are not disturbed till the time of sowing turnips,
when he takes a shim, which is a sharp piece of
iron about 3 1-2 feet long and 3 feet wide, with a
sharp edge, attached to a pair of wheels like Kent-
ish plow wheels, and cuts under every ridge and
manure, ridge after ridge, throughout the field ; this
operation destroys annual weeds as well as plow-
ing. The earth in a pulverized state, and manure
which hos had time to work, are mixed together,
and the seed which is drilled upon it grows with
astonishing rapidity, and for two years has produ-
ced such a crop of turnips as I never saw upon
such a description of soil. Sometimes they are
drawn off, at others fed upon theJand, when good

weather permits.

G. F. HOLCOMB.

STABLES.

Nothing conduces more to the health of a horse
than a good and wholesome stable. It should be
built upon a high, airy, and firm situation, that the
horse, in bad weather, may come in and go out
clean. No animal delights more in cleanliness
than the horse, or to whom bad smells are more dis-
agreeable and pernicious. Great attention should
be paid to the removal of all offensive and putrid
nwttor, to prevent the farcy and other troublesome
and distressing diseases, which frequently proceed
from such neglect. A log stable is preferable to
any other, on account of its odmitting a free circu-
lation of air in Slimmer, and by the use of slabs or
straw in winter, can be made warm and comforta-
ble. Opposite to each stall there should be a lat-
tice or window, with a shuttor ; by which means
you can, at pleasure, either welcome the cheering
breeze, or bar out the threatening storm. The rack
should he smooth, high, and firmly fastened to the
wall, which will prevent a horse injuring his eyes,
skinning his face, and doing himself otiier injury
when feeding. The upright pieces in a rack shouhl
be four, or four and a half inches apart, to prevent
long food from being unnecessarily wasted. The
halter should never be tied to the rack, (several
fine horses having been ruined by such careless-
ncss,) but should be fastened to a ring in the man-
ger, and confined by a longer or smooth piece of
w(,od, weighing about a pound. With a haller of
this description, there is no danger of a horse's
hanging, alarming, or injuring himself. A stall
should be four and a half or fivo feet wide, which
will allow him to lie down with comfort. The sta-
ble floor should be planked, to make the coat of
hair show to advantoge, but a dirt floor is far pre-
ferable, when a horse is wanted for service ; there
is a moisture received by the hoof from the earth,
which is absolutely necessary to make it tough and
serviceable. Kilher kind of stable floors should
be a little raised towards the manger, to turn the
urine from the stall, which produces an unpleasant
smell, and (when permitted to stand a length of
time,) very unwholosiime vapors. When the size
of the (table is calculated for several horses, the

partitions between the stalls should be neatly
smoothly planked low enough to the floor to
vent the horse when lying down, from gettil
legs through, and high enough at top to pi
them from smelling, biting, and molesting eael
or. A plentiful bed of clean, dry straw affoi
a fatigued or travelling horse, as great a wel
as his food, and is as necessary in the stable
pitch-fork, curry-comb and brush. — Mason's I

GATES AND BARNS.
It is said that a farmer may always be kna
his gates and fences. There is no doubt tit
the remark. If you see good gates and fein
a farm, you are very opt to see good barns, I
and shelter for cattle. They are unerring^
of a good fanner. The time saved in p
through gates, instead of pulling down ba
fences, will amount to many days in the cot
the year. If you have good fences, your c
secured from ihe depredation of aiiimals, wh
some cases amount to an almost entire destn
of it. Besides this, there is no time lost in
ing and guarding your field. If you have f,
barns, your fodder, hay, straw and shuck are M ,
from destruction of the weather, and contain nj,,
nourishment for your cattle and horses. tjnodiL,
bles and shelter are absolutely essciniHl. Willi,.
them you cannot expect to keep your stock in| ,
order. When sheltered and protected from
cold and rain, less food will answer all doi|
animals Farmtrs' Gaz.

w

UNIFORMITY IN THE TREATMENT 0 i
STOCK. I

I know no greater mistake that farmers con 1
in respect to their animals, than in their vara I
nnd capricious treatment of them ; soinetimay^:;
ing them to repletion, at other times subjflBnlii
them to the most severe usage ; taking thedpfi
example, from the pastures in the autumn in! i
condition, and by hard usage in winter, red« I
them to mere skeletons before the sprini; ' t
animal constitution always sufl'ers cs8c:ili'\II- ■
such reverses. It is said that a sheep is n.vei t
but once. There is a great deal of truUi in •
assertion. Perhaps it is to be received wuht i
qualifications; but I know how very diflicuit
to raise an animal from a low condition
mers prejudice very greatly their own int«l
suflTering their milch cows to come out
spring in low condition. During the tim
dry, they think it enough to give them the c
fodder, and that in limited quantities ; this, tM >
a time of pregnancy, when they require the kiw
treatment and the moat nourishing food. Tl
itself, under this treatment of the cow, is e;
feeble, lie finds comparatively insuflicieni
port from his exhausted dam; ond the return
the cow makes in milk during the summer, ii
less than it would be, if she came into the
in good health and flesh. It requires the
summer to recover what she has lost. The
constitution cannot be trifled with in this
Co/m«ii'» Fourth Report.

A notorious rum-drinker having died, soD
asked the cause of his death. A wag replia
breath had become lo strong that he could n't i

Travellers now go from Boston lo Roe
(450 miles,) in 24 houra.

m. XX. NO. n^.

AND Ff O R T I C U L T II k A r. REGISTER

267

THE m;ST .\NIMALS TO JWTTKN.

■econd qiiciition ofsomo importance is, wliotli-
ii belter t<> slall-fccd sninialii nf n email nr
uni lize, tlian those of large frame*. In gen-
the farmera incline to tlia mcdiuni-sized ani-
Animala do not consume always accordin<;
leir size, tlioii);h in general, animals iiro kept
expense in soma measure proportionate to
■ iz*. The niattrr resolves itself into tliia

0 cuiestion ; wliotlier tlie some amount of feed
irodiicc more amount of llesh in an animal
iderate, than in one of large stature. I do nut

that any certain rule can be laid down in
ase. Small. boned, snug and compactly built

Is, will be found generally to li.ivo a much
;er tendency to ft.tness, than aiiimala of large
oarso frames. But after all, the main point
' ihriftiness of iho animal. Tlii-re is always
;h stroiiffer tendonry in some animals to grow
id to keep fat, than in others, and where this
sitiun predominates, the gaiu is likely to be
iportion to the size.

e ihrifiincss of an animal may bo in some
ire determined by the eye ; but e.\perieiiced
in their judgment on this point, depend more
the hand, or what is technically called, the
r • beast " It is," says one competent to

io these matters, " the nice touch or mellow
fthe hand, which, in a great measure, consli-
the judge of cattle ;" and what you wish to
n an ox, is "a thick, loose skin, floating, as it

on a layer of soft fat, yielding to the least
ire, and springing back towards the fingers

piece of clumois leather, and covered with

glossy, soft hair."

a description given in an English treatise, of
unal best suited to the stall, is so skilfully

np, that I will not forego the pleasure of
■ribing it It follows: — "Attention should

id to compactness and symmetry of form,
"ore-quariers, wide carcase, fine small bones,
lately thin hide, a protuberance of fat under
ot of the tongue, and large full eyes. A
tiaped ox should then have a small head with
lid countenance, as indicating docility, and a
{uent disposition to get fat; a fine muzzle and
nostrils; the throat should be clean; long
^in in the neck, but wide and deep in the

ers ; the back should be broad and straight
^^o the setting on of the tail, with the rump

fat and coming well up to it ; the barrel
be round, wide across the loins, and the

iecp behind the shoulders, with the space be-

the hip-bone and the first rib very small ;
-e-legs should be short and wide apart, so as
lent a broad appearance to the chest, and the

of the hind legs sliould be shut well in tlie

the seam in the middle of which should be

lied, and the flanks should be full and heavy.

1 such as this is not only the best for alford-

2 greatest weight, but will be also generally
to lay the flesh upon the prime parts, to pro-
he least quantity of ofial with such a large
ly of tallow, as, emphatically speaking, in
tcher's phrase, will cause the animal to die

These marks, however, are not the only indi-
of a propensity to fatten quickly. On the
f, it has been found by experience, that
coarse beasts with large bones and gummy
lave often proved superior in that particular
tr animals of undoubted superiority in point
tpe; but those coarse thick bides handled

l«('l\ and silky, with a sleeky degree of incllowncBX,
which is the cliaractcriittic of a lieollhy habit, wlnlc

, Iho skin of the others wa* wiry, nnd llicir fli'sli
IVlt hard. The slate of the hide and fle«h, ihcn--
fiiro, is of the first importance as the esscntiiil pro|)-
orty of hnmlliiig tpttl." — Colman't four/A Report.

From the Munllily Miscellany uf Religiun nnd Luitura.

THK SILVER TANKARD.

On a slope of kind opening itself to the south,
ill a thickly settled town in tho Stale of Maine,
some hundred and more years ago, stood a farm-
house to which the epithet " comfortable" might
be a|i|ilicd. The old forest caine down to the
back of it ; in front were cultivated fields, beyond
which was ground partially cleared, full uf pine
stumps, and here and thore standing erect, the gi-
ant trunks of trees which the fire had scorched and
blackened, though it had failed to overthrow them.
The house stooil at the very verge of tiie settle,
ment, so that from it no cottage could be seen ;
the nearest neighbor was distant about six miles.
Daniel Gordon, the owner and occupant of the
premises we have described, had chosen this val-
ley in the wilderness, a wide, rich tract of land,
not only as his home, but, prospectively, as the
home of his children and his children's children.
He was willing to be far off from men, that his
children might have room to settle around him.
lie was looked upon as the rich man of that dis-
trict, well known over all that part of the country.
His house was completely finished, and was large
for the limes, having two stories in front and one
behind, with a long sloping roof ; it seemed as if
it leaned to the south to offer its back to the cold
winds from the northern mountains. It ivas full
of the comforts of life, — the furniture even a little
" showy" for a Puritan ; when the table was set,
there was, to use the Yankee phrase, ' considera-
ble' silver plate, among which a large tankard stood
pre-eminent. This silver had been the property
of his father, and was brought over from the moth-
er country.

Now, we go back to this pleasant valley as it
was on a bright and beautiful morning in the
month of June. It was Sunday, and though early,
the two sons of Daniel Gordon and the hired man
had gone to meeting on foot, down to the ' Land-
ing,' a little village on the banks of the river, ten
miles distant Daniel himself was standing at the
door, with the horse and chaise ready, and wailing
for his good wife who had been somewhat dctain-
nd ; for even then, in those primitive times, the
women would be a little backward, — for the last
word or the last house-keeping duty. He was
standing on the doorstep enjoying the freshness of
the morning, with a little pride in his heart per-
haps, as he cast his eye over the extent of his pos-
sessions spread before; him. At that instant a
neighbor of six miles' distance, rode up on horse-
back and beckoned to him from the gate of the en-
closure around the house.

' Good morning, neighbor Gordon,' said he, ' I
have come out of my way in going to meeting to
tell you that Tom Smith — that daring thief — with
two others has been seen prowling about in these
parts, and that you'd better look out, lest you have
a visit. I have got nothing in my house to bring
them there, hut they may be after the silver tank-
ard, neighbor, and the silver spoons. I have often
told you that these things were not fit for these

now parts. Tmii is a bold fellow, hut I suppose
tho fewer ho iiiuets when he goes to aleal, the bet-
ter. I ilon't think it safo for you nil to bo off to
meeting tu-duy ; — but 1 am in a hurry, neighbor, au
good-by.'

This communication placed our friend Daniel in
an unpleasant dileinrr.a. It had been settled that
no one was Io bo left at home but his daughter
Mehitable, a beautiful little girl, about nine year*
old. Shall I stay or go, wnn tho question. Dan-
iel was a Puritan ; he had strict notions of tho duly
of worshipping (lod in His toinple, and he had
faith that God would blesu him only as he did hi<
duty: but then he was a father, and little Ilitty
was tho light and joy of liia eyes.

But thesu Puritans were stern and unflinching.
He soon settled the point. ' I won't even take
Hilly with me, for it will make her cowardly.
The thieves may not come, — neighbor Perking
may bo mistaken ; and if they do come to my
house they will not hurt that child. At any rate
she is in God's hands, and we will go to worship
Him who never forsakes those who put their trust
in Him.' As he settled this, the girl and tho
mother came out ; the mother stepped into the
chaise, the father after her, saying to the child,
' If any strangers come. Hilly, treat them well. —
We can spare of our abundance to the poor.
VVhat is silver or gold when we think of God's
holy word r' With these words on his lips he
drove off, a troubled man in spile of his religious
trust, because he left bis daughter in the wilder-
ness alone.

Little Hitty, as the daughter of a Puritan, was
strictly brought up to observe the Lord's day. She
knew that she ought to return to the house ; but
nature this once at least got the bettor of her train-
ing. ' No harm,' thought she, ' for me to see the
brood of chickens.' Nor did she when she had
given them water, j;o into the house, but loitered
and lingered, hearing the robin sing, and following
with her eye the bobo'lincoln as he flitted from
shrub to shrub. She passed almost an hour out of
the house because she did not want to be alone,
and she did not feel alone when she was out
among the birds and was gathering here and there
a wild flower. But at last she went in, took her
Bible and seated herself at the window, sometimes
reading and sometimes looking out.

As she was there seated she saw three men
coming up towards tlie house, and she was right
glad to see them ; for she felt lonely, and there
was a dreary long day before her. ' Father,'
thought she, ' meant something when he told me
to be kind to strangers. I suppose he expected
ihein. I wonder what keeps thein all from meet-
ing. Never mind ; they shall see I can do some-
thing for them, if I am little Hitty.' So putting
down the Bible she ran to meet them, happy, con-
fiding, and even glad they had come ; and without
waiting for them to speak, she called to them to
come in with her, and said, ' 1 am all alone ; if
mother was here she would do more for you, but 1
will do all I can ;' — and all this with a frank, lov-
ing heart, glad to do good to others, and glad tu
please her father whose last words were, to spare
of their abundance to the weary traveller.
|[Concladed on page 372 ]

To Color JVankin. — A pail full of ley, with a
piece of copperas half as large as a hen's egg,
boiled in it, will produce a fine nankin color, which
will not washout ff'tstern Far.

268

NEW ENGLAx\D FARMER,

FEB. 23, 18^

MANURES.

mosphere gradurilly destroys the distinguisliing

The principal source of manure to the farmer prope'lic^ of bof' kinds.

'i "■ u „„ ;- 1,-,^ =.,,.1- TliP ^ome animal manures, wlien new, contain 80

remote fiom cities or villages, IS Ills «tocl>. i lie ' ', .

rtmoit ■■ <- b , , . niuch ammonia a elrong alkali, as to injure vege-

nnnual oiiRntitv made in tins way uopcnHs inucn in v , , . . u-

annual m< ^ y f„„.,„,«„r^ „V,n<r nipins tables at first, until reduced by mixture or combi-

savincr every I iiiig. Uooo tanncisaie using means . , , , , .i

Having I. y „ nation Willi oilier substances, such as earth or wa-

tig every

to secure tlieir stable manure from the weather,
and to cart common earth and swamp muck into
their yards to absorb the juices. In Great liritain
the urine is estimated at ono third the value of all
the rest, or nearly so.

For common farming purposes, a ton of unfer-
mentcd manure from the barn is probably worth

about a dollar, applied to soil of medium quality; , ., • .■ ti r

but applied to soil naturally good, but reduced by (--"lers choose to have their mamire partially fer-
croppiUitiswoithmore, and on rich land less ; ".ented before applying it ; others oppose that sys

, '' , '^ ., . . .■ . ,1,^ .,„,,„ ^f ii.o tern ; both mcthoc a rciiuire some precautions, and

the value being in proportion to the poverty ol tlie '■"="'1 •■ . , , .

, .1 1 „.„ „f ;, profitab e practice depends on circumstances.

and, and natural goodness ot it. \r 1 .' . i ■ _

Another source of some importance, often neg-1 Wheat and turnips require manure to be .n a
lected, is to have a quantity of earth, decomposing forward stale of decoinposition when sown. Pota-

' ' ^ • . . . *AAa .^r. tUA r.nntrrtrtT At\ n/.t until I Q 1 «» in t ll n COH-

gain taster than others coming frooi a. good fjM P
ture.

The first cross of different breeds often does 1
— they are afterwards apt to incline to one sid^Hl'^f
the other, and sometimes degenerate. This i«
ticed in swine. Breeding from relationi alii

wiiu uiljer suusLuiii:c;s, sui..(i uo caini wi "«- | i= i

From this it is inferred that in its recent j lias a Undency to degenerate the species and i

ter.

state it should be applied only to crops that ripen
late, and in dry land be well covered with earth.
On sour peaty soil it may answer a good purpose
for any crop, by correcting the acidity. Tlie burn-
ing quality is soon dissipated on exposure to moist
air, or by mixing with damp earth. Some good

der it worthless. A good general rule is, nevi
sell or kill the best, but reserve them for breej
— Farmirs' Monthly Visitor,

From the Albany Cultivator.

chips, or swamp muck, or any good absorbent plac-
ed where it may become saturated with suds, urine,
and dish-water. Compost of this kind is found to
be valuable. Hard-wood chip manure, more or
loss saturated, is proper lor a top-dressing to wet
mowing lands. Swamp muck is frequently of con-
siderable value, depending on the kind of timber
which contributed to the formation of the muck,
the chance for receiving wash from rich pasture
land, yards, &c.

Hard- wood timber contains much of the ele-
ments of fertility ; soft wood comparatively little.
Hemlock, and white oak bark, and perhaps spruce
and tamarack, contains tannin, a substance which
is likely to injure lie value of any manure. Hence
the reason why swamps receiving their contents
from hard wood timber are best. Acidity is also a
cause of injury to the value of muck. The correc-
tive for tannin is to mix the muck with animal mat-
ters, such as stable manure, butchers' refuse, &c.
Fermenting a compost of muck and animal ma-
nures also corrects the acidity of the mud. Acidi-
ty is perhaps in general a greater evil than tannin.
A small quantity of nowly slacked lime, at tlio rate
of five per cent, of lime to ninetyfive of muck,
tlioroiighly mixed when first thrown from the

toes, on the contrary, do not until late in the sea
son. Hence one Bystcm of rotation makes it ne-
cessary to have the manure fermented in the yard,
and another will do as well to have it applied in
its recent state. Manure loses much of its virtue
by exposure to the weather in the heat of the sea-
son. Properly covering it in the soil where it i-s
to remain, prevents this loss, if done in the spring.
When it is neither profitable nor practicable to
get the manure out in the spring, a covering- of
earth should be thrown over it to absorb the gases.

The size of a breed of cattle may be increased
or diminislied in the course of several generations,
by attention to breeding. Any quality, good or
bad, is subject to tho same law. Food and treat-
ment are supposed to be sufficient in time to effect
a change, in the size and hardihood of the race.
Thus cattle, that for many generations are kept on
poor pasture, and exposed to a severe climate, are
thought to diminish in size and become more hardy.

Very large animals will have to work hard to
obtain a sufficiency on short pasture, while small
ones would do it with comparative ease ; of course
one would become lean, while the other would fat-

swamp, would probably correct the sourness. Too I ten. Hence the size of stock should be propor-
much lime would injure the value of the muck, in : tioned in some measure to the goodness of the

THE VERMONT OAT CROP.
In our last yol., p. 192, we gave an account (
crop of oats grown on four acres, by D. June,
of IJrandou, Vermont, which produced 588 etc
of I'J bundles each. It will be seen by the fol'
ing Utter from Mr June, that he has since thras
measured and weighed the oats, and that the
acres produced .'jl4 bushels and 20 quarts, b
an average of 128 bushels 21 quarts to the i
Who can equal, not to say beat this ?

Brando."*, Vt, Jan. 22, 184
Messrs. Gaylord Sf Tucker — Having been
quested to communicate the result of my oat
and manner of cultivation, to your paper, as ii
an extensive circulation among the farming i
munity, I would stale that the land was pasi
several years previous ; in the season of 1
was plowed up in the sward, (the soil black mi
in the month of May, 1840, it was thoroughly t:
harrowed down smooth, then twenty loads of
manure spread to the acre, and plowed in
depth of four inches, and harrowed; tliea pli
to potatoes. In the spring of lfc'41, the land!
plowed once, four inches deep, which made it
light and mellow ; the 16lh of May, I sowe<
teen bushels of barley oats on the four acrei
reaped 588 stooks, of 12 bundles to the stook,
the four acres ; having thrashed and meai
them in the half bushel, (not by the stook or
tho result is 514 bushels 20 quarts, makio]
bushels 21 quarts to the acre, and weighing
to the bushel. DRANCES JUNj

Tiif

I Slur

the same way that it does .barn manure, by absorb- feed.

ing the carbon. A quantity of muck cart(^d into |
yards, answers a double purpose. It not only ab-

The offspring are apt to partake largely of the
nature and qualities of their parents or grandsires

sorbs juices, but also becomes decomposable, and i If any great extreme, either good or bad, exists in

consequently more Tit for the food of plant*, after | both parents at tho same time, it is often transmit-

deducting what is absorbed. ted with interest to the progeny. For example, in

I'ond marl, when good, is likely to answer a England it was found that in breeding horses, if

useful purpose ; on any dry land, especially where
the original growth of timber was soft wood, on
such land it is likely to do best applied in its raw
state without burning. But if intended for wet
peaty soil, it would probably do best to be convert-
ed into quick lime.

Hard-wood ashes, for land "urn by cropping, or
natural to spruce, or other soft wood, are probably
worth more than the market price. Unfermented
manures applied last tho longest, but do not pro-
duce so much effect the first season. All manures
are subject to loss, if permitted to heat much, when
exposed to the air.

Plaster of paris is said to be a good substance
to mix with manure; but lime is not, in many ca-
ses. Animal manures are alkaline, and vegetable
manures acid, in their nature. Hence the utility
of combining them. Long exposure to tho atmos-

both parents were remarkably short or long in the
legs, the colts were often more so than either pa-
rent. The same reasoning may apply to any other
quality, ill other kinds of stock.

The progeny is most apt to possess medium qual-
ities, when extreme points, in ono parent, are bal-
anced by opposite qualities in the other. That is,
the peculiarities of the parents should be exactly
the reverse of each other to produce a medium in
the offspring. But to increase any peculiarity that
is considered good and useful, it is necessary that
both parents should excel, and boalike in that par-
ticular point. The power of habit and good keep-
ing may sometimes be made to operate as aids, as
is the case with feeding and milking heifers to
make good cows.

Young cattle raised on very poor pasture, and
afterwards taken to that which is good, are said to

[From the same. J

CULTURE OF INDIAN CORN.
Messrs. Gaylord Sf Tucker — I now propose
redeem my promise, made some time since, byj
ing you an account of my crop of corn,
were four acres in ilie field — one acre of Du
two do. of llrijwn, and one do. of China. Th«
lowing is the amount of each variety per acre!

1. Dutton. — One acre jiroduccd 7,711 lbs.
100 lbs. ears, taken promiscuously, made
lbs. shelled corn — equal 3(il 1-2 lbs. shelled j
per acre, or 113 bushels 33 1-2 lbs. per acre.

2. Brown Corn. — 7,300 lbs. of ears per
100 lbs. ears made 81 1-4 lbs. of shelled ca
equal 5,'.*'3\ 1-4 of slicllcd corn, making 105 1
els 51 1-4 lbs. per acre. There were two
of this variety in tho field ; I know of no differ
in it, but think one acre as good as the other.

3. China Tree Corn — third crop, from seed 1)1 '
taincd of William Thorburn, Esq., of Albany|i'
the spring of 1830. It produced 7,020 lbs. tli''
per acre ; 100 lbs. ears made 7!) 1-2 lbs.
corn — c(iual .'i,.'>80 3-4 lbs. of shelled corn, (
bnshelR ,3ii 3-4 lbs. per acre.

The above crop of corn wes all raised inj

II . \X. \-«». 3».

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

269

•111; llio Pu'.tiin mill Cliiii!i wcro on a j onis, both nf "liicli I IriiHl will np|ipnr in llie Ciil- '
lie lioM that has been under cultivation for tivntor. I never huvo Imtl any siicceni in ruiain); |
lilt extends beyond the kiiuwledge of any ontH, and nni desirous of Icnrnin;! how ii in done by
resent inh»bitant!i of hut village. Tlio olheM, who do encceed. I slimild bo j;lnd to learn
v\ II corn was on ii part of the field that was ' fuinetliinj about rnisinjj barley : which i« thi? best |
sen up to subdiio the sweet elder, with which | variety to cnlliTate, which is tho best nicthod of ■
as ci'vered about six years ago, and has been ^ cullivution, wlial amount of seed, per acre, .tc. &.c.
cr cultivation ever since, with a crop of corn t If some of your readers would furnish tho informa-
ati, without manure, except tho two last sum- I tion, they would confer a favor. E. CORNELL.
8. The China corn yrow on the same aero of j Ilhaca, JV. Y., Dec. 07, 1841.

nd that yielded nie 100 bushels of Duttoncorn [

lie sunuiier of ISIO, and t'O bushels in tho sum-

of 183!*. For ihc present crop, the ground

plowed late last fall ; this spring, the ground
»lncli the Dutlon and China corn grew, had fif-
1 l(i;ids of unfernienled stable manure per acre,
nd broadcast and plowed In, the ground mark-
cross the furrows four feet apart for the China,

tlirce feet apart for the Dutlon. (i^orii planted
jss the marking, the same distance apart, mak-
the China corn four feet apart each way, and

For the New England Farmer.

MR METCALF'S COURSE OF CROPS-
PEAS, CORN, GRAIN AND GRASS.
Mr Ali.en Putnam — Dear Sir — If the follow-
ing theory and course of practice meets your ap-
probation, you are at liberty to moke it publi;.

When my upland meadow becomes turf bound,

and the grass nitt out, so that it rciiiiires plowing',

my method is to turn it over smoothly with the

Dutlon three feet apart eacii way. Seed at tho j plow, as early in llio spring as convenient, and sow

of one half bushel per acre, soaked in copperas i it to peas, at the rate of three bushels to tho acre,

cr and rolled in plastsr; the corn thinned down harrowing them in thoroughly, lengthwise of the

bur spears in a hill at the second hoeing. The , furrow<>. And when the plants have attained the I

na corn was planted 2Sth Moy ; Dutton corn height of four or five inches, 1 sow on plaster, at

the rate of 1 l-i bushel per acre, and ordinarily gel j
a good crop.

The next spring I spread on my barn manure at
the rate of 20 or 2.5 cart loads to the acre as evenly 1
aa possible. If it is principally free from straw, 1
apply it unfermented. But if it is combined with
a good deal of straw, I consider it important that it
should be rotted before it is applied to the land.

The manure being spread upon one side of the
field, I commence plowing it in, crosswise the
furrows of the- previous year — observing to have
the work done in the neatest manner. This, it is
to be understood, is to be performed at as short a
period previous to planting as possible. 1 ne.\t
mark out the field in rovra across the furrows — if
spread broadcast; it suffered in earing, also, I the land is sufficiently light — wilhout harrowing, as
I being left too thick in the hill, causing the the harrow tends to rake out the manure and bring
to be short it to the surface.

was absent from home at the time of hoeing But if the land is not sufficiently pulverized by
9 thinning the corn. On my return, about the the plow, then harrow and mark across the harrow
It of August, I saw the fault, and inquired of the strokes so that they may easily be discerned, with

an implement which makes two rows at a time, 3

1 of May, and the Brow n corn 2d and 3d of
e. Tiie corn was hoed three times, and work-
twice with the cultivator: no hilling allowed :
ground kept as level as possible. I commenc-
culting up the corn at the ground, the Ifilh Sep-
,ber, and put it in small stouts to cure.
I'he Brown corn was planted in rows three feet
, and hills from sixteen to eighteen inches
■rt in the row ; manured in the hill with fifteen
Is unfermented manure per acre ; three fourths
I bushel of seed per acre, soaked and plastered
the above. A part of this corn failed to come
from bad planting on coarse manure in the hill,
was replanted about the 12th June. This corn
bred more from drought than where the manure

10 who had charge of it, why it was not thinned
I directed : ho said " it looked so ower when
■:y hoed it, that the men all thought it a pity to
ttroy it ;" so they killed it with kindness ; but it
tS too late to remedy the evil, and I let it go
th from five to ten stalks in a hill. This corn was
Itivated in all other respects as the above. I
nk with proper management I can get a much
■ger crop of this kind of corn per acre than I
re this year.

By measure, the Brown corn will outshell the
utton, as will the China, but they both fall short
weight, as will bo seen above — the Brown 1 1-4
s. in 100 of ears, and the China 3 lbs. in 100 of
rs.

The China corn makes a beautiful meal for fami-
use, but is too laie a variety for elevated lands
this latitude. The acre of China corn produces
lOut four tons of fodder; the Dutton three tons,
id the Brown two tons. The Brown corn pro-
ices more corn for the amount of stalks than any
iriety that 1 have cultivated.
I am anxiously waiting for a statement of the
ethod pursued by MrOsborn in raising 144 bush-
Is of corn and 130 bushels of oats per acre ; also,
T June's statement in reference to his crop of

feet or 3 feet and 3 inches, as best suits, and plant
with corn, crossing the marks, so os to form rows
each way.

After ihcjirst and third hoeings, I dress my corn
with plaster, dropping it on the hill with the hand,
at the rate of at least one bushel per acre. If the
land is very sensibly affected by plaster, a good
way ia to sow it on broadcast after the second hoe-
ing.

By the process laid down as above, the crop be-
ing well tended, I get from 40 to 50 bushels of corn
per acre, and more where the land was previously
in good condition.

Tho third year I sow to wheat usually, and stock
with clover and timothy — plowing and harrowing
in the best manner, and giving the ground a dress-
ing of fine compost manure, ten or twelve loads to
the acre, of any kind Icon procure, a/7er plowing
and previous to harrowing. After this, I mow the
field throe or four years, according as the grass
holds out, as to being profitable.

'1 his is the course of rotation and manuring I
have adopted, varying the crops according to cir-
cumstances ; sometimes planting potatoes instead
of corn, and sowing oals instead of wheat; bat I

prefer pras for the firnt course willi a light top-
dreHsingnf fine manure, if I liavo it on hand.

My reasons fiir lliiit course of practice an; these.
If I spread my manure upon tho sward and plow it
in the first year, turning it under a thick turf it
hurirs it so deep that I Io»p, in a great niensiire, its
I'erlilizing properties by its leaching downwards;
and if I plant to corn or potatoes, (one of which is
usual 08 a first course,) the roots do not get hold of
the manure sutlicieiitly to benefit the crop; and if
tho manure is spread on the surface, it loses much
by evaporation.

But by tilling the land first with a crop of peas,
the sod ia subdued, and on applying the manure tho
neTt year, in the way I have slated, it is neither
buried under a thick turf, where all the juices are
lost, nor left upon the surface to hi! dried up by the
sun, but is inrurpnruled with the soil.

Another adv.iiitage derived from the first crop in
rotation being pens, they lodge or fall to the
ground, and lying for some length of timo, they
collect a quantity of tho fertilizing substances
which are afloat in the atmosphere, and deposit
them in the soil. And by the turf being subdued,
it renders it easily cultivated in corn or potatoes
for the second course, which if well done, prepares
the field for a crop of wheat ; and the course for
this crop being faithfully pursued, tho foundation is
laid for three or four profitable mowings; after
which it generally hecoines necessary to repeat a
similar rotation.

I would add that my land is neither sand, gravel
nor clay — but tho common loarn.
Your sincere friend.

And humble servant,

A. V. MRTCALF.

Poplar Hill, LenoT, Mass., Feb. S, 1842.

OZT^ThB foregoing statement of our correspon-
dent, details a course of rotation with which we
have no acquaintance, and upon the value of which
we are unable to offer an opinion satisfactory even
to ourselves. The system here followed requires
much plowing end working of the laud from the
time the sward is broken up until tho land is stock-
ed again to grass. In this vicinity where plaster
is inoperative, we should be reluctant to copy Mr
.M.'s course; but it by no means follows that it
may not be a wise one in the western part of the
Slate. His reasoning against turning manure un-
der the sod is plausible, and is in accordance with
the alleged experience of many cultivators in the
vicinity of Boston. But our own experience, upon a
warm loam soil, resting upon a hard gravelly sub-
soil, proves that half the manure to be used, by be-
ing lurned under the sod six or seven inches deep,
is as serviceable, taking three or four crops togeth-
er, as when so applied that it will become mixed
with ll:e soil. We do not disturb what is thus
turned down, until we break up the land again, 6
or 7 years afterwards. Our course, however,
would probably be bad upon a cold and heavy soil.
Our correspondent's statement is very clear and
full : we insert it in our columns with pleasure,
and shall bo happy to hear from him again. — Ed.

Extravagance in fine clothing is often a recom-
mendation to the eye — but not to the understand-
ing of men. Dr. Franklin, we think it is, who says,
"A fine Coat frequently covers intolerable igno-
rance, but never conceals it."

The amount of flour exported by Michigan last
year, is staled at 340,000 bbls., valued at $1,700,000.

270

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PEB. 93, ll)4Si| '"

ANn lloRTlCULTL'nAL RKCISTEB.

BosTOif, VVcDicesnAT, FsiiRUAitT 23, 1842.

BEVENTll AGRICULTURAL MEETiNGATTHE
STATE HOUSE
Subject— The Dairy.

Mr Putnam (Kditor,) slated that having been unnble
to obtain any cne olse to open the dehate, he must talk
■while. — It should be, on abutter farm, an ol)ject to ob-
tain from a given quantity of fted, aa much good butler
as possible. Toilo thi^, attention should be paid lo the
butter properties of the milk of different cows. Then;
is a vast difference in this respect, even among cows oT
the same bri;ed. Some make a comparatively Inrgc
quaniity ofbutter from Jiltle milk, while some free milk-
ers make but little butter. He had known l»'o cows,
one giving 40 to 48 lb?, of milk per day, in June; the
other giving about 3.'> lbs. ; and each makingabout 13 1-2
lbs. of butler per week. A two year old heiler from the
first of these cows, gave 10 or 11 qts. of milk per day ;
a two y«ar old heifer from the second cow gave 8 or 9
qts. per day, and each made aboiit 7 lbs. of butter per
week. In these instances the cow and the heifer which
gave the most milk, made the best butter — though all
was good. Is it a general rule that where the quaniity
of milk required for n given quantity of butler is large,
that the butler is better.'' Should not have e.Tpected
this, bat the reverse. Thinks that if the cream from
different cows is kept separate, the quantity of butter
will be greater than when mixed as is usual. This
opinion he holds because when the milk of the several
cows is kept seprrate, the result by calculation shows
that the qiinntily from the whole flock should be grealor
than it is. Rnniembers that Dr. Merriarn, of Topsfield,
stated in the Transactions of the Essex Agricultural Po-
cietv, that he <ibt.iineil about as much butter when he
kept but one cow as when he k«pt two, ihough the one
cow was one of the tico, and the pasture the same. (Was
not the feed of the one as good as that of the two .' ask-
ed Mr Buckniinstcr.) Perhaps the feed was the same
for one as the two, Ihough Dr. M. is not a person likely
to stint an animal in food.

The morfc o/mi/Zan^' is of much consequence. (We
have not room to report the experiment that proves it.)
The operation should bo performed quickly and gently.

The food given to the animals has much effect upon
the quantity and quality of the milk. Nothing is belter
than the ^ood natural grasses — but in this vicinity our
pastures dry up very much in August and September,
and then a good article of food is cirn fodder, or corn-
stalks. This ran he obtained in large quantities from a
given quantity of land. Among the hays, the second
crop or afler-malh, and fine clover are the beat for milk
Of the roots, potatoes uncooked will produce a large
quantity, but the quality is poor; when cooked, the
quality uf the milk is better, but it is less in quantity.
Carrots make rich milk. Sugar beets make a large
qusntitv, of good quality. Rota bag.ns increase tho milk,
but generally give an unpleasant flavor to milk and but-
ter. This may bo remedied by pulling a half pint of
bailing water In each gallon of milk, immediately after
it is drawn from the row. Pails, pans, chums, collar,
milk room, Su:., all should bs kept clean and sweet. In
■ummur, the temperature of the cream at the time of
charninn;, should be kept as low as possible; but in
winter, if it , be kept up between CO and 70, the butter
will roRio without troubit). Tho grent cause of bad but-
ter is tho failure to work out the bultirniilk. The dif-
ieronce bulwean tliu worth nf good and bad butter is so

gnat that our dairy-women ought if possible to do bet-
tor than ii! usual »ith lliem.

Mr Dodge, of Hamilton, agreed with tho remarks in
relation to the worth of corn fodder. He sowed 1-2 of
an acre late in May, upon sward land. It was of a
small kind and ihe drought hurt it. ISut be fed well
twolvo cows and some young stock, from this, every
night for five weeks. The effects were very good ; his
cows did not fall off in their milk like his neighbors.
They were carri :d well through the dry season, and ilid
belter through the whole autumn for this summer feed-
ing.- The labor of growing the half acre is not great-
He shall next season sow the Southern corn — it is not'
so much affected by drought. The stalks of sweet
corn are not eaten so well by his cows as those of the
common corn.

The labor and care of making butler are so great, that
ha wonders that peo(ile can complain of the price of
butter — 25 cents per pound. Tho churning by the com-
mon shaker churn is a tedious process. He wishes that
some ingenious Yankee would out do the Shakers and
give a bntter churn.

Mr Quincy {President,) visited Orange co., N. Y., a
few years since. There they do all the churning by
do^i, in a sort of treadmill. The dog gets tired of it—
and you must catch liirn where you can. We have a
great many lazy dogs hero in Massachusetts, and would
it not be well to put them to the churn .'

Mr Kuckminster, (Ed. of the Plowman,) agreed that
cows should bo milked rapidly. Has ascertained by cx-
periencu that il makes a great difference. If the milk
be not taken away fast when it be^jins to flow freely in-
to the baj;, it seems to be dsawn back again. In making
butter, the important point is to separate the buttermilk
thoroughly. Some insist that washing with water hurts
the butter ; but he deems this the result of piejudica.
He puts w.iter into the churn as soon as the butter has
rome, and keeps drawing off, adding and churning un-
til the water ceases to be white. You may make good
butter from sour croam if the butter is properly worked
over.

It is a good plan to dry the salt-^tben it helps to ab-
sorb the moisture.

Mr Dodge finds the women in his neighborhood full
in tho belief that water hurls the butter. He has been
laughed at for asking to have it tried. Believes that
where an opinion among practical dairy-women is uni-
versal, that ihere is some good foundaiicvn for the opin-
ion.

Mr Putnam. The washing of butter is done in Essex
ruunly. Much that has obtained premiums there has
been washed. Cut il is worked over by hand after-
wards.

Mr Boies, of Blanford, stated that in his vicinity it is
ihouirhl important to have the cream sweet. II water is
put upon the butler after it has been set away and be-
come cool, tho effect is bad. Some dairy-women arc
particular about the kind ofaalt used. Rock suit ground
is much better than common salt. Butler made " be-
tween hay and grass," does not keep well and is not
good. If he ware in Mr Dodge's situation, keeping a
dozen cows, he would get a dog churn and churn the
milk.

The people in his vicinity mostly make cheese. The
raising of corn fodder may bo well where the land is
dry and pasturage short; but in his region it is not ne-
cessary. What cows wo keep, should be kept well. —
He would not make butter and cheese both on the same
farm.

Mr Cole, (Ed. I'arniers' Journal,) when ho gives salt
to cows feeding upon turnips, and feeds the cows after
milking, finds no unpleasant taslo to iho milk. Corn

stalks arc the cheapest fodder we can rai«e. A gen
men of Worcester county obtained 40 tons per acre
the Chinese Tree coin. That kind of corn may not
the greatest humbug.

In I'eiinsN Ivania, the dairy houses usually havi
stream of water running through them, and the Tei
are set in water. This keeps tho milk cool, while
room is well ventilated. Prefers stone ware to
other for dairy purposes.

Tho kind of salt is important. The rock salt is
Other salts often contain poisonous substances,
fodder for the hundred city horses kept at the city
bles, is all chopped by dog power, and our city dogs
the exercise. Doubts whether it is well to put watei
butter; thinks it may injure the flavor. Butter shoi
not be worked by Ihe hands. This makes it soft
greasy. In winter, milk set where it will freeze, giTA
more cream. The cream may be scraped off, builad
scummed and churned. The butter will be good,
rot juice improves the appearance of the butter, and
thinks also its flavor.

Mr Thayer, of Braintree, once kept a laige number
cows, and made butter. All must be kept clean
sweet. He washed his butter. You cannot get ou
the buttermilk without washing. What the cow ■
gives Ihe flavor to the butter. Carrots are the very bi
food.

Mr Merriarn, (Ed. of Cultivator,) assigned five caui
of bad 1 utter, viz: sour vessels, buttermilk left in,
salt, bad firkins, and artificial substances to give itcoli
It is diflicult to make cows give much milk in winti
one cause is that they do not drink freely. It is n
give them some warm water after they have taken m <
much as they will of cold. '

Mr French, of Braintree, thinks that ho is dcniiaji
much advantage from having water all the time iiiirafr. i
diaiely before his slock, where they stand in the bai
The water runs in a small trough, 4 or 5 inches squi
immediately before the feet of each animal, and tl
stork drink better there than at the trough in the yard
or at the spring.

(We find it the same with our stock £o.)

Subject at the next moeling — Manures.

H1GHG.\TE CORN.
A Mr Carpenter, of Lyme, N. H., has sent us a few
ears of corn, which he calls supurior to any other in bii
vicinity. It came to him from Highgale, Vt. Ilist
large kerneled, eight rowed corn, Ihe ear of goml nz«
and very bright. It very closely resembles a corn i;. cd
in Westboro', by L. Peters, Esq., whose seed came Ijom
Vermont. Wo think them the same. The corn ha
every appearance of being a valuable variety.

A correapondent of the Central N. Y. Farmer, givst
the following recipe for killing lice on cattle : — Takt
the water in which potatoes have been boiled, rub it all
over Ihe skin. The lice will be dead within two hourt,
and never will multiply again. I have used ten kuiiii
uf the strongest poison to kill lice, all with effect, I jl
none so perfect as tbis.

MR GRAY'S ADDRESS.

We are indebted te Mr Alonzo Gray, for ■ copy ol liit
valuable address before tho Essex County Agriculiural
Seciely in September last. We shall notice it tiiors
fully in some future number.

Ripe etrawhcrries were picked on the 22d of JsnOI^
ry from the garden t>f a gentleman of St. AugustiD^
Florida. f

XX. KO. 31.

AND HORTICULIUIRAL REGISTER

271

TllKllM(V\|KTRir.\l,

Kfporlr.ll.w iric Ni-iv Kntlnnil l'«rm(-r.
Cihc riKTiuoiiif tpr nl iIik (Jnnlrmif llie prnprictort
N.'vv Rnglanil Flirinpr. Ilrinhton, Mnu. in x •hadril
i(l>ii.l) pxpoanrs. fur ih« oerk rmling Fell. 20.

^•b. 1^42. |6,A.M. I 12, M. I S.I'.M. I Wind.

>Bd«jr, II 3r 4t) 3S S.

mdiy, 16 8 16 13 VV.

Kiof^clay, 1« 21 37 33 S.

inr-Hny, 17 19 SI t2 N.

id.iv, 18 17 3a 36 S.

r.Uy, 19 SO 63 34 S.

ml IV, 20 I l: 1 2t I 81 N. W.

KKJHTON MARKKT.— MoNKAT, Pob. 21, 184a

Rr[K>rtril fiirlh» Mpw KnglanJ F«rmer.

At Market 425 Bool Cattle, POO Shcfp, and 120

ins. 40 BccTCatile untold

>Rirr.!i.— Km/ Ciitllt Former pricci for a like qual-

wcro hardly fusl.iined. Miioh belter cattle than

jal were it market. We noticed an iitrnordinary lot

I by Nrael Billing*, Esq., of Hartford, aold for abtJiil

,-.iV We quoio otliers at $6. Firsl quality. $•'> •''I'
i 7.".. Second quality, $4 75 a 5 25. 'I'liiid quality,

7:. a 4 v^O.

iK.rp.—Wt notiMd sates a( $2 50, 3 00, 3 75, 4 50,
(0 and 5 50.

K. — .\ lot to peddle at 4 and ? cts. ; at retail, from

S to G.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uith ^eat care, weekly.

;EF,DS. Herds Grass, $« 25 to 3 00 per bushel. Red Top,

0 4.1 cents. Clover— Northern, 12c.— Southern, 12 to 13 c.

1 Seed, 91 80 to I S5 bu. Lucerne, 25 c.perib. Ca-
•j Seed, «3 50 a 4 00 per bushnl.

—•BAIN. The late arrivals from New Orleans, and
■ed sales by auction have much depressed the market for
, and prices are heary at a slight reduction on the last
Wlions,

lorik— Northern, bushel^ to do. Round Yellow —

■ —do. Southern Flat Yellow 62 a 64— White do. 57 a 60
trier 65 a 6S— Rye, Northern, bO a 82- Oats, South-
4S a 43— Norihsm do. 48 to 30— Beans, per bushel 75
iO.

"LOUR. The principal sales of the weekcomprise 700
I Ohio, S6 25, 30 days cr. ; BOO do. do.. «6 12 1-2, cash ;
do. do. fancy, »6 31 1-4 a 6 37 1-2, do.; 1000 do. do.,
650, cash ; 1000 do. Fredericksburg, S5 7.". a 5 31, cash,
i.'i 94 a 86 per bbl. 4 mos. ; : 00 do Philadelphia, at the
lie ; 400 do. Howard-street, S6 per bl.l., 4 mos.: Genesee,
bbls. common, *6 37 1-2, and from stores, S6 44 a 6 50

lallimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. $6 00 a do

,f ij j7 _ do. free of garlic. 86 00 a Phila-

)hia do. 4 mos. »5 87a 6 00 — Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4
I. •« 87 a 6,00 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, 85 87 a
h-Georgetown, 86 00 a C 12— Richmond Canal, 86 00 a
-do. City, 86 75 — Genesee, common, cash, 86 37 a 6 50—
lucT brands 86 50 a 6 56— Ohio via Canal, 86 25 a 6
iBdian Meal in bbU., S3 00 a 3 35.
RO VISIONS. There have been no sales of consequence
jc the last report ; a few hundred bbls. Pork, chiefly mesft.
clear, have been taken at qnotations, by the trade,
ieet— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. *a 25 a 9 50— Navy— 88 00 a 8
-No. I 87 50 a 7 75— do Prime 65 00 a 5 50— Pork-
Ira clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812— do Clear 8io a 11 —do Mess
DO ■ 8 60 — do Prime 87 00 a 7 60— do Mess from other
itet 87 00 a 7 60.

VOOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ei-
lation shall not exceed 9 cts. per pound, free. All where-
hc value exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
ts per pound. ... . , .

Ve do not hear of any operations in this article to much
ent, except a sale of about 300 bales South American,
rte. price not transpired. A moderate business has been
le in fleece and pulled at the late reduced prices.
■nine or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 60 €.--Amer-
n full Mood, do 43 a 46— Do J-4do40 a41— Do. l-2do
g 37 — 1-4 and common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Sheep,
,hed, 20 a 26— Do. unwashed, 10 a 14 — I'.engusi do
111— Saxonj, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10—
do picked, 12 a 16- Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37
•2— No. I do. do. do. 36 a 37— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30-
1. 3 do do do IS a 20.

30PS. Sales of a few bales at qnotations.
ttsort, Mass. 1S41 per lb 12 a 13.

BAY, per ton. 820 to 25- Eastern Screwed 819 to 20.
3HEESE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 6 lo8.
BOOS, 16 a 26.

F.tnM W A!VTEI>

A itentlcmnn winhis m purcbnx' n i'arin of fri-m CO to
l(Hi acres, with gonil buildini{> thereon, and wiihiii one linnr'i
ride of Boston liy Railrnnd or otherwise. Adiln-"* imkI iinnl,
box 1316, Itntton Post Oflicc, with full description of the
locality, huildinKS, &c. 2w* Feb. n

PARM POI» SAI..I!:.

Lor sale a Farm in Leiinijinn situoted one mile west of
the Village, and II miles from llnslon, conlnininK 17S acrss,
iiicluiling about 40 acres of wood land, the soil is rich, and
uniler a high stale of ciillivniinn. On the premises is a
large Dwelling House, which will conveniently aceommodate
two lamilics; a large Horn, Shed, Chaise House, Mill
House, Cider Mill and Ice House, ami an en»n»ivo Piggery,
all of which are new, or in cood renair. The Farm is slock-
ed with every variety of Fruit, and the Garden, which in
eludes about an acre, wiih a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering Plants, which the proprietor has devoted several
years in procuring, with grent care nnd expense. Within
the garden is a Green House, 40 feet by 16, with suitable
building adjacent to accommodate tlie Gardener. The
House IS heated upon the most approved plan, nnd is slock-
ed with a variety of ihe best Gropes, Flowering plants. Sic.

A valuable stock of improved Short Horn. Durb.iin. North
Devon, and Alderney Cattle will be sold to the piirch.iser of
ihe Farm if wanted. For further particiilnrs ini|uire nl
ARAD PROCTER, on the premises, or of JAMES VILA,
Biuh Street, Boston.

If not disposed of at ^private sale it will be offered at
Auction on Friday, 1st of^April at 3 o'clock P. M.

Feb. 16. eplAl

FARMS FilR8AL.E.

To be sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres of Lnnd,
beautifully situated, one mile and a quarter from Ihe centre
of Billeriea, on the main road leuiliiig from Lowell to Bos-
ton ; 7 miles from the former, and 17 miles from the latter
place. There is a large Dwrlling House thcrenn, suitable
for two families ; also a large Barn. Also, an establish-
ment built two years since for keeping swine, with an appar-
atus for boiling with steam, and having every other conve-
nience for the business. Also a Wood Shed, Chaise House,
Granary, and Cider Mill House, with a Grater Mill.

Also, another Farm iidjo'ning llie above, containing about
thirty-five acres of Land, having a Dwcllin'; House and large
Shop built two years ago, lor a shoe esiablishment. The a-
bove named lands arc of an cxrelleni quality of every variety
of soil, well cnlculnted for profitable farming, and especially
adapted to Fruit, Hay and Vegetables for market, and con-
taining more than 900 F'ruit Trees' — Said estate can be con-
veniently divided so as to moke three good farius, or the
shop with five or six acres of land can be sold separately to
suit purchasers.

The above property if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Public Auction on Thursday the 17th of March
next at 10 o'clock A. M. on Ihe premises. •

Any gentleman from the city, wishing a -handsome situa-
tion for a country residence, or any farmer oi mechanic wish-
ing to purchase, may do well to call and view the premises.

Inquire of the subscriber, living near the same.

SERENO FISK.

BiUerica, Jan. 19, 1842. ist I7M.

WlliblS'S LATEST IMPROVED VXIGBTABLH
CUTTER.

This machine 5Urpa.ss»« all others for the purpose of cut-
ting Rula Boga, Jtangcl Wurljel, and oll.et roots,. The
great objection to other machines, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes it almost impossible for the cattle
to get bold of them ; this machine with a lillle alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient forihe cattle to eat. Il will cut with ease from
one to two buslieU of roots per minute.

Forsalt by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No SI and 62 North Market

Street, Boston.

Sept. 1

HOWARD'S IMHHUVtO EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

fireut improveinenis have I.eiii made the ps>t year in Ike
form end workmanship ol these Pl.iiijhs; lb.- mould b(ir<t
hos l^en so formed as to laiithe furrme '■otnjilrtelt/ oner,
lurniiiff in crrri/ jiarlklr o/ygroM or flulUr, nml irar'ing Ike
/ground in the brut /losiiihlc' manner. The leiifth of the
inouW board has Ik n very much incrroscil, so lliat the
Plough works with the greatest e,ise, both with respect to
the holding and the learn. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our o|>inion he asked as to which of Ihe Ploughs
we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might i>erha|>s say !•
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light ao>l easy lo woik,
try Prouty & Mciirs, but if yonr land is heavy. Air/ orrotKi],

BEGIN WITH Mr. HoWABO'a.*'

At the above iner.f.oncd I rial the Howard Plough iHd
more vork, xtitfi the name pmrcr q/* team, than any othw
plough cxhibilrd. No other turned more than twenlyse.-«»
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while Ihe
Howard Plough turned tuentynine and one half inches, to
the same potcrr of tram ! All acknowledge that Howonl's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substanlislly
made.

There has been quiie.an improvement made on the sh<i«,
or land side ol this Plough, which can be renewed withouC
having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secuiea
the mould hoard aud landside together, and strengthens tha
Plough very much.

The price of »he Ploughs is from S6 lo 8l6. A Ploiigk,
sufficient lor breaking up with four cattle, will cost about
810 60, and 7,'iUb gutter 81, with wheel and cutler, 82 68
extra.

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stun,
Nos. 61 &. 62 North Market. Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

SVN DIALS.

Just received a f.;w of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Dials, a
very neat and useful article for the purpose ofgiving the time
of dny in the garden pr field. Price 75 cents. For sale b?
J. BRECK * CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept 1.

FARM IN LEXINGTON

For sale, n farm in Lexington known as the Hastings
Place, containing about 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
E Phinney. The land is of excellent qnaliiy. «ell stocked
with fruit trees, and a good supply of young woo<l. For
terms apply at this office, or of t. PHI.NNEV, living near
the premises. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1812.

FOR S%l.E,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
months of,l. E. PHINNEY.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

UKINDSTONRS, ON FBICTIO!* ROLLERS.

Grindstones of <li(rerent sizes hung on frici ion rollers a»d
moved with a foot trcadcr, is lound to I e a great improve-
ment on the present mode of hanging grindstones. The
ease with which they move upon the rollers, renders theia
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of one
man is saved, and the person in ihe act of giinding, can
govern the stone more to his mind by having the complete
control ul his work. Stones hung in this manner are be-
coming daily more in use, and wherever use<i, give univep-
sal salisfuction. The rollers can he attached lo stones hua
in the common way.

For sale ny JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and »»
North Market Suitou. July 14

FENCE CHAIRS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK*
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

POIDRKTTE.

500 Barrels Poudrette mav be hod on application to the
subscriber, at 82 per barrel of four bushels each- delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders by moil, enclosing
the money will be promptly attended to, if received soon by
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nas-au si , New York.

Jan, 6, 1842.

272

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

PKB. 2MM»1|

MISCELLANEOUS

THE SILVER TANKARD.

[Continued from pnge 267]

Smith and his two companions entered. Now
it was neither breakfast time nor dinner tiino, but
about lialf way between both ; yet little Ilitly'a
head was full of the direction, ' spare of our abun-
dance ;' and almost before tliey were faiily in the
house she asked if she should get them something
to eat. Smith replied, ' Yes, I will thank you, my
child, for wo are all hunfrry.' This was indeed a
civil speech for the thief, who half starved had
been lurking in the woods to watch his chance to
steal the ' silver tankard' as soon as the ' luon
folks' had gone to meeting. ' Shall I give you
cold victuals, or will you wait until I can conk
some meat ;' asked Ililty. ' We can't wait,' was
the reply ; ' give us what you have roady as soon
as yon cai.' ' I am glad you don't want me to
cook fur you, — but I would if you did, — because
father would rather not have much cooking on
Sundavs.' Then away she tripped nboiit making
her preparation for I heir repast. Smith himself
helped her out with the table. She spread upon it
a clean wiiito cloth, and placed upon it the silver
tankard full of the ' old orchard,' with a large
quantity of wheaten bread and a dish of cold
meat. I don't know why the silver spoons were
put on, perhaps little Hitty thought they niado the
table look prettier. After all was done, she turn-
ed to Sjiiith and with a courtesy told him that din-
ner was ready.

The child had been so busy in arranging her ta.
ble, and so thouyhlful of her housewifery, thai she
took little or no notice of the appearance of her
guests. She did the work as cheerily ajul freely,
and was as unembarrassed as if she had been sur-
rounded by her father and mother and brothers.
One of the thieves sat down doggedly, with his^
hands on his knees and his face down almost to
his hands, looking all the time on the floor.
Another, a younger and better looking man, stood
confused and irresolute, as if he had not been well
broken to his trade, and often would he go to the
window and look out, keeping his back on the
child. Smith on the other hand looked uncon-
cerned, as if he had quite forgotten his purpose.
Ho never once took his attention oiTtho child, fol-
lowing her with his eye as she bustled about in ar-
ranging the dinner table; there was even half a
smile on his face. 'J hey all moved to the table.
Smith's chuir at the head, one ot his companions
on each side, the child at tiie foot, standing there
to help her guests and to be ready to go for fur-
tlier supplies as there was need.

The men ate as hungry n:en, almost in silence,
drinking occasionally from the silver tankard.
When they had done. Smith started up suddenly,
and said, ' Come ! let's go.' ' What I' exclaimed
the older robber, ' go with empty hands when this
silver is here.' He seized the tankard. ' Put
that down !' shouted Smith ; ' I'll shoot the man
who takes a single thing from this house !' Poor
Ilitty at once awaked to a sense of the charac-
ter of her guests ; m ith terror in her face and yet
with a child-like frankness she ran to Smith, took
hold of his hand, and looked into his face as if
■he felt sure that he would take care of her.

The old thief, looking to his young companion
and finding that he was ready to give up the job,
and seeing that Smith was resolute, put down the

tankard, growling like a dog which has had a bone
taken from him — ' fool ! catch me in your compa-
ny ayain ;' and with such expressions left the
Jiouse, foUoweil by the other. Smith put his hand
on the head of the child and said, 'Don't be
afraid — stay quiet in the house — nobody shall hurt
you.' Thus ended the visit of the thieves ; thus
God preserved the property of those who had their
trust in Mini. What a story had the child to tell
when the family came home '. How hearty was
the thanksgiving that went up that evening from
I the family altar !

i A year or two after this poor Tom Smilii was
arrested for the commission of some crime, was
tried and condemned to be executed. Daniel Gor-
, don heard of this, and that he was confined in jail
I in a seaport town, to wait for the dreadful day
when he was to he hung up as a dog between
I heaven and earth. Gordon could not keep away
I from him ; he felt drawn to the protector of his
daughter, and went down to see him. When he
1 entered the dungeon, Smith was seated, his face
I was pale, his hair tangled and matted together, —
I for why should he care for his looks ; there was
no other expression in his countenance, than that
jof irjitation from being intruded upon, when he
I wanted to hear nothing, see nothing, more of his
brother man ; he did not rise, nor even look up,
nor return the salutation of Gordon, who continu-
ed to stand before him. At last, as if wearied be-
yond endurance, he asked, ' What do you want of
nie .' Can't you let rne alone even here ?'

' I am come,' said Gordon, ' to see you, because
my daughter told me all you did for her when you

As if touched to the heart, Smith's whole ap-
pearance changed, an e.vpression of deep interest
came over his features, he was altogether another
man. The sullen indifTerence passed away in an
instant. ' Are you the father of that little girl ?
O what a dear child she is I Is she well and hap-
py ? How I love to think of her ! That's one
pleasant thing I have to think of. For once I was
treated like other men. Could I kiss her once, 1
think I should feel happier.' In this huj-ried man-
ner he poured out an intensity of feeling little sup-
posed to lie in the bosom of a condemned felon.

Gordon remained with Smith, whispered to him
of peace beyond the grave for the penitent, smooth-
ing in some degree his passage through the dark
valley, and did not return unto his family until
Christian love could do no more for an erring
brother, on whom scarcely before had the eye of
pity rested, whose h.ind had been against all men
because their hands had been against him.

I have told the story more at length and inter-
woven some unimportant circumstances, but it is
before you substantially as it was related to me.
The main incidei.ts are true, though, doubtless,
the story having been handed down from generation I
to generation, has been colored by the imngina- 1
lion. The silver tankard as an heir loom has de-
scended in the family — the property of the daugh-
ter named Rlehitable, and is now in the possession
of the lady of a clergyman in Maasachusetts. |

What a crowd of thoughts do these incidents
cause to rush in upon the mind ! How sure is the
overcoming of evil with good. How truly did Je-
sus Christ know what is in the l)eart of man.
How true to the best feelings of human nature are
even the out-casts of society. How much of
our virtue do we owe to our position among nien.
How inconsistent with Christian love is it to put to

death our brother, whose crimes arise mainly
the vices and wrong structure of society,
incessant should be our exertions to dissemi
tlio truth, that the world may be reformed, and
law of love be substituted for the law of pei
The reader will not, however, need our hel
make the right use of the guarding of the "
tankard" by the kindness and injocence of a c

S. E.

He who induces me to extend my interest
my affections to other climates, and to other S'
to different serts, opinions and classes of n
who enlarges the circle of my benevolence ;
instructs me that we are all children of one H
enly Father, all united by one common sy
all subject to the same trials and afflictions, an

inheritors of the same blessed hopes He

kindest and highest friend — He is the friend
benefactor of mankind. — Sir T. Binuird.

UiS

AGIUCULTURAI. IMP1,KMK*TS, &o

The Proprietors of the New Kiiglaiid Agricultural!
housL' and Seed Slore No. 51 and 52 Norih fllurLfti
wcmkl inform their ouslomers and the puhlic Lcucrall'
they have on hand the most extensive asf orliiient of
culluiul and HorlicuiturHl Tools to he found lu llie I
Stales. Part of which are thcfoUowiug -.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
100 firecnc's i-lraw Cutters.
SO Willis' do. do
too Common do. do
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shcllers.
80 Common do do.
2..0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutlers
00 Common do. do.

aoo Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
1 00 Oi Votes.
1500 Doz. Scylhe Stones.
3000 '■ Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

too doz- Cast Steel Sb

500
300
200
500
200
200
300

CoHimon
Spades.
Grass Sc

s Scythe*,
Patent Snaith
Common do.
Hay I<ake«.
Garden do.
Manure Forks,
Hay do.
00 Pair Trace Chaios,
100 " Truck do.
ino Draft do.
i»0 Tie up do.

60 doz. Halter do.
1000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on

ftil

lU

GRblEN'S PATENT STRAW CUTTKB.^Hfoi

Ik

JOSKPH BRECk .. . .; ... .liiNcw England A^
uiral Warehouse and Seed htorc i\os. 51 and .'<2 IS'orlbJ
kel Slreel, have lor sale, Green's Palrnt Straw, Ha
Sialk Culler, operalini; on a mechanical principle not),
applied to any implement forllus purpose. The mo.<it|
inent elfecis ofiliis applicaiinn, and some of the cun>
))ccuiiarilics of the machine arc :

1. So groal a rcduclion ofihc quantum of power rei
to use it, that the strength of a half grown hoy is sufl
to work it elliciently.

2. With even this modcralc power, It easily cut<> two]
els a miunie, which is full twice as fast us has hcen elf
liy any other machine even when worked by horec or I
power.

3. The knives, owin? to the peculiar manner in whid ,
cut, require shurpeuiug less ofieu than those of auyj
straw caller.

4. The machine is simple in its conslructinn, made i
logather very strongly. It is therefore not so liaMe
cumplicnlrd nincliines in gcneial use to get out of on

« K W i: N G L A N U F A R M K R .

A WEtKLT PAFKR.

Termii, $2 per year in advance, or ^2 50 iCtUf
ritliin thirty d.-iys.

AND H O R T I (; U L T U R A L R i: (i I S T E R .

PUBLISHED BY JOSKPU BllECK k CO., NO. M NORTH MARKET STREET, (Aa«icotTO.*t WAm»Hoo...)-ALLEN PDTNAM, EDITOR.

II.XX.]

BOSTON. WEDNICSDAY EVKNING, MARCH 2, 1842.

N. E. FARMER.

PRO-

VSSACHUSETTS SOCIETY FOR
MOTING AGRICULTURE.
rKEsiiiM List— I8li.
The Trustees of llic MassachusclLi Society fur
Promotion of Agriculture, unnouiico to the pub-
Uicir inlontion to offer in prciiiiums not only
sum granted by the (Jovcriinient, but the whole
oantof the income of their own funds; and ns
T agaio omit for the ensuing year their Cattle
jw at Brighton, they propose in addition to their
lal premiums on agricultural e.\perinient8, the
owing premiums :

For Slock.
From any County of the Commonwealth, to bo
libited at the annual Shows of the Plymouth
unty Agricultural Society and the Hampshire,
iokliu and Hampden Agricultural Society, re-
'Ctively, in the autumn of 1842. Among other
ects,

For the best full blooded Bull, of an imported
led, not less than one year old, on satisfactnry
luraoce being given that he shall be kept for
L in some county of the Stale, at least nine
Dths from the day of exhibition.
For the next best ditto, of native breed.
For the best Milch Cow, full blood, of an import-
breed, not less than three, nor more than ten
in old, with satisfactory evidence aa to the
intity and quality of her milk and the manner
Which she has been fed.
IFor the best ditto, of native breed.
IPor the best full blooded Heifer of imported
Bcd, that has been milked not less than three
lOths, with satisfactory evidence of the quantity
fd quality of ber milk.
For the best ditto, of native breed.
For the best yearling full blooded Heifer, of im-
|rtcJ breed.
F^r the best pair of Working Oxen, taking into
•;n their size, power and training.
P". r the second best ditto.

r r the best pair of three year old Steers, tak-
j view their size, power, <Sic.
in animal of full blood, is intended one,
lose dam and sire were of the same race; and
uonable evidence of the fact will be required.
The amounts of the premiums for the foregoing,
11 be particularly specified in the premium lists
said Societies ; and no premium will be award-
, to any animal which has heretofore hid a pre-
lum of the Stale Society.

Competitors will be required to comply with the
les and regulations of said Societies respectively,
id also to give notice in writing, of their inten-
OQ to offer animals for the foregoing premiums, to
iDJamin Guild, Es<i., Boston, Recording Sccreta-
of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Ag-
lollure, on or before Mondoy preceding ihe days
exhibition respectively.

For Ihe Best Cultivated Farms.
For the best cultivated Farm, on which no pre-

mium has before been given, of not loss limn 70
acres, sxclusive of wood land, regard being li.id to
the quantity of produce, the nmiinor and expenBC
of cultivation and the general appearance of the
farm, $200 00

For the next best, '50 00

[•'or the next best, 75 00

For the next best, 50 00

For the next best, 25 00

To obviate the objections which some claimants
for premiums may have to making a written state-
ment of the condition, products and management of
their respective farms, as heretofore required, the
Trustees propose to relieve them of this trouble by
an inspection, either personally or by an agent, of
the farms which may be offered for premium.

The person or persons making the inspection,
will require of the respective owners or occupants
of farms, answers to the following inquiries ;

1. Of how much land does your farm consist,
exclusive of wood land ?

2. What is the nature of your soil ; does it con-
sist of sand, gravel, clay, loam or peat?

3. How deep do you plow on those different
soils ?

4. What effect have you observed deep plowing
to have on thin soils ?

5. If of a part or all of the above kinds, what do
you consider the best method of improving them?

6. How many acres do you till, and how many
cartloads of manure (meaning by cartload 30 bush-
els at least,) do you generally put on an acre ?

7. Is your manure applied in its long or green
state, or in compost?

8. Do you spread and plow in your manure put
upon fields to be planted with corn or potatoes, or
put it into the hills?

9. What is yourmethod of plowing and cultiva-
ting green sward ?

10. How many acres of upland do you mow, and
what is the average quantity of hay upon the acre?

11. How many acres of grass land do you irri-
gate; at what season, and how long do you allow
the water to flow your land, and what is the effect ?

12. Ho you manure the land irrigated, or any
other land you mow ; how much to an acre, and
what kind of manure do you put on ?

13. How many acres of land not suitable for the
plow do you mow, and what is the quality and
quantity of the hay cut the present year?

14. What is your method of reclaiming low, bog
or peat lands, and what has been your success?

l'>. How many acres of corn have you planted
the present season ; what was your mode of pre-
paring the ground and the seed, the kind and quan-
tity of manure used to an acre, the manner of ap-
plying it, and the quantity of corn raised to an
acre ?

IG. How many acres did you plant with potatoes
the present year; what was your method of plant-
ing, your manner of cultivating, and what the iivc-
rage quantity raised on an acre, and what kinds
did you plant ?

17. What number of acres of other vegetables

did you plniit, whnl kiniU, and how uiuny bushels
of produce had you to the aero, and tu what use
shall you apply them ?

18. How many acres of grain did you sow the
present year : what kind of grain, and at what
times ; how was the ground prepared ; what quan-
tity of seed did you sow un an acre ? If you have
raised wheat, of »hat kind ; the nature of the soil,
and was it !>own with or without using lime?

19. How many acres have you laid down to grasv
the present season ; at what time in the year did
you sow it ; how much seed to tlie acre ; and was
it sowed alone or with a grain crop?

(CIT'It is strongly recommended, in laying down
to .grass, that a greater quantity of seed bo used,
than is commonly allowed. -^,- pericncc seems to
show that three pecks, or even a bushel of herds
grass to the acre, and of red-top in proportion, may-
be advantageously used. The quantity of clover
seed commonly sown, is perhaps enough. Sowing
a good allowance of grass seed, gives a better crop
for the same labor, and keeps down weeds.)

20. What are your means and what your manner
of collecting and making manure ?

21. How many oxen, cows, young cattle, horses,
and shee|) do you keep through the year? What
is the size of your barn or barns, and have you a.
cellar under them? Is your manure covered?

22. Arc your cows of native, foreign or mixed
breed '

23. What is your management of calves intended.
to be raised ?

24. How much butter did you make this year, and
how many cheese, and what proportion of it new
milk '

2.5. How many sheep do you keep, and of what
breed ? How many pounds of wool do you gel
from your sheep ? What is your manner of hous- -
ing, penning, rearing and feeding them, especially
in winter, and at the time of lambing ? At what
time do your sheep Iamb ; and what proportion of
their young diej sr J from what causes ?

2G. How many swino did you keep, what quan-
tity of pork did you make, and of what breed were
your swine ?

27. What do you feed them on through the Bum-
mcr months and on what do you fatten them?

28. How many cart loads of manure do you
take from your hog styes in a year, and of what
materials is it made?

29. What number of hands is employed on your
farm, and what do you pay for labor ?

30. What is the number of your apple trees ?
Arc they of natural or grafted fruit? What use
do you make of the fruit?

31. What number of fruit trees have you exclu-
sive of apple trees ?

.•(2. Have your trees been attacked by canker
worms or borers, and what is your meth»d of de-
stroying lliem?

33. In the cultivation of your farm, do you allow
the use of ardent spirit?

The Trnstess are desirous that llleee ques-
tions should be answered with as much particularity
as possible. The applicant will not however, be

!^'74

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

: required to nnstvcr them unJer oath, biit according
to the best of his knowledge and belief.

The Tfijstees hope nnd believe that by the meth-
od proposed, ninny important facts may be elicited,
ond the farmin/r cortuniinily enabled to derive much

MARCH ;9, 184

3. The quantity of manure the present season. ', the Commonwealth, planted out not less than

4. 1 he quantity of seed used. I two. nor more than ten years before April,

5. J he depth of ph.wing. 164-,'— regard being had to the number and
b. llie time and manner of sowing, weeding, { condition of the trees, the kind of fruit, and the

and harvesting; the crop, and the amount of the - - ' ' '' ■

H

useful information from the skill and experience of | product ascertained by actual measurement, after
practical farmers. j the whole produce for which a premium is claimed,
N. B. Claims to be addressed to Benjamin is harvested, and the entire ex|)ense of cultivation!
Guild, Esq., ill llosfon, before the first day of Octo- ' '' *• '""-* '■"-'■• i-.-i— >- <• -i ■ ■■ ''

ber next

(Form of Hit .Ipplicalion.)
To Bf.nj. Guii-n, E.^q., Boston.

Sir, — The subscriber, living in the town of ,

hereby makes known his intention of applying for
a premium for the best form, and offers the same
for inspection.

Jiolittion of Crops.
For the best rotalion of crops on the same
land, not less than two acres, for ihri e or
■ four years in succession, commencing when it
is in grass, $75

Premium to be claimed in December, 1842 or
1843.

It is expected the applicant will state the quali-
ty and condition of the land, when he first plows or
breaks it up ; the manne- of preparing it each year,
specifying the times of plowing, the quantity and
kind of manure used, the seed, -.vhether potatoes,
Indian corn, or other grain, planed or sown, and
the kind and quantity of grass sted, the time when
sown, and whether with grain or alone, and the
quantity of produce each year, including the last.
The applicant's own statement, signed, but not
sworn to, is all that will be required.

Vegetables.
For the 6m/ crop of the following Vegetables on
tlie acre, regard being had not to the quantity
only, but to the expense of raising — such as ma-
uure, plowing nnd labor: —

Of carrots, !^0

" ditto on half nn acre, |5

" Mangel wurtzel, 30

" ditto on half an acre, 15

" Sugar beet, 30

" ditto on half an acre, 15

" Ruta baga, 30

" ditto on half an acre, I5

" Cabbages, free from earth when weighed, 20
" ditto on half an acre, 10

For the greatest quantity of Vegetables (grain,
peas, beans excepted,) for home consumption and
not for sale ; raised for tlio keeping of slock, regard
being had to the size of the farm in proportion to
the crop, and to the number of the stuck kept ; and
also to the respective value of the vegetables as
food, and the expense of raising the same, $30

It is to bo undcrstodd that the quantily of land
«pecified above, is in each case to be in one piece.
And the claimant of any of iho above premiums,
shall, with one other person, make a statement ac-
cording to the best of their knowledge and belief,
to the following particulars, and shall obtain a ccr-'
tificate of the measurement of the land by some
• worn surveyor.

The particular! are —

1. The condition of the land in the sprinff of
1842. ' *"

2, The product, and general slate of cultivation
and quality of manure used, upon it the preceding
■year.

7. At least forty bushels of the vegetable, for
which a premium is claimed, (except onions and
common turnips,) are to be weighed, and 5C< pounds
free from dirt, will be considered as a bushel.

50

20

Eiprriments, Discoveries and Inventions.
For an effectual and satisfactory mode of
extirpating the worm that attacks the locust
ti'ee. $100

For a new, effectual, and satisfactory mode
of extirpating the Borer which attacks the ap-
ple tree, 5Q

For a satisfactory experiment of turning in
Green Crops as a manure, on a tract not less
than one acre, and proving its utility, givin"
an account in writing, of the process and the
result; and particularly describing the condi-
tion of the ground before turniiigin the crop,
the kind of crop, when sowed, and when
plowed in, 50

For any newly invented Agricultural Im-
plement, or Machine, superior to any design-
ed for the same use, a reward not exceeding
fifty nor less than ten dollars, according to the
importance of the invention,

To the person who shall prove to the satis-
faction of the Trustees, that his mode of rear-
ing, feeding and fattening neat cattle is best,
JiJanures.
For the best dissertation on different ma-
nures, and on their practical application to
the various soils in this Commonwealth, $100

For the best conducted experiment, or
course of experiments, in the application of
lime to the cultivation of grasses, grains nnd
vegetables, and generally to the improvement
of the soil by the use of lime— (premium to be
claimed in December 1842 or 1843,)the claim
to be accompanied by a written statement,
specifying the nature of the soil experimented
on, its previous use and treatment,

Plows.
For the best improvement on the Subsoil
Plowa now in use, adapted to reduce the
draught,

Farmer's Diai-y or Day Bool,:
The Trustees are of opinion that great bcnr^lit
would be experienced by farmers, if thev were in
the habit of keeping a Day Book, or Diary in
which should bo noted the particulars of all their
agricultural proceedings, the time and manner of
sowing; Iho state, condition and pro.luce of their
crops, and of their dairy and live stock; their mode
of culture; experiments and rotations; with the
expense and profits of conducting their farms. I'o
this end, a good form, or method of analysis, is no
cessary with proper blanks, columns and headin-rs
for every subject. They therefore offer

For the best form of a Diary and Account
Book, adapted to the wants of New England
farmers, ^^^

''Ipple Orchard.t.
For the best apple orchard, in any county in

.50

."iOt

mode of treatment, which must be described, »

For the second best,

Claims to be addressed to Bekj. Gdilh, E
in Boston, free of expense, on or before the
day of September next.

0;7^Claims for the premiums on Vegel
Crops, Manures, E.vperimenis and Invintionai
gether with the evidences required, are to
writing, nnd sent free of expense, to Be.vj. G
Esq., in Boston, Assistant Kecording Sccretai
or before the first day of December next, and
will be examined by the Committee, previous
5th day of December.

It is understood, that whenever, merely
want of competition, any of the claimants it,
considered entitled to the premium, under a I
construction; yet, if in the opinion of the ju,
the object so offered is not deserving of an
ward, the judges shall have a riglit to reject
claims. Persons to whom premiums shall be a
ed, may, at their option, have an article of
with suitable inscriptions, in lieu of the nion

In cases where pecuniary premiums are off«
the Trustees may, having regard to the circumi
ces of the competitors, award either the Soci
gold or silver medals, in lieu of the pecuniary
mium annexed to the several articles.

If any competitor for any of the Society'b
miunis shall be discovered to have used any dl
genuous measures, by which the objects of thtf
ciety have been defeated, such person shall,
[only forfeit the premiums which may havo b«
awarded to him, but be rendered incapable of k \
ing ever after a competitor for any of the S- c ty ,
premiums.

The Treasurer will pay all premiums awa
on demand.

All premiums not demanded within six moi
after Ihey shall have been awarded, shall be d^
rd to have been generously given to aid the fi
of the Society.

By order of the Trustees,

PETER C. BROOKS,
ELIAS PIIINNEY,
IIENRV CODMAN,
FRANCIS C.LOWELli
'■'*• '842. Commiui^

PEAT COMPOST MANURE.
D. S. Haggerston, the intelligent and experiea
manager of J. P. Cushing's garden and farm at 1
tertown, has been kind enough to favor me, at ,
reque.st, with some practical observations and I
periments 011 the subject of manures, which
serve attention, and are therefore subjoined. ^
" I send you an account of experiments madeAj
e farm of J. P. Gushing, Esq., of the differ«

composts used aa manures, and tha apparent effa
of each.

" Meadow muck or peat has been used in .__
oiis ways, and found so very beneficial, that two!
thirds of the manure used on the farm is dug from
the swamp.

"A compost for top-dressing mowing land iiL.
from leached barilla ashes from the soap-boilers,' (
meadow muck, in the following manner. ' Th» ^
muck is dug from the swamp, the laat part of Au- '

[ere» i

t two I

g from .

Thi'

il

tV. XX. >0. .IS.

AND HOW T I C LI I. T V H A I, R K G 1 S T il R

27.V

or early in Sopleinhor, iiiJ lion ono year on '
rfnce, bIIit it is thrown outof tlio pit It is !
iirtcJ to a convenient place to make tl:e I
heap.-), wtiicli are forined by spreadinj; a
of muck tiMi f«el wide, eight inches thick, 1
• ny lonjjih desired ; on the muck four inch-
ilios are aprond, then another layer of muck, '
on for five layers of each, which makes a i
»e feet high, in the form of a ridge. Thia is I
through the following winter. As soon as |
o.^t IS gono in the spring, the pile is turned
well broken, and mixed together. It then I
II the Ocliiber or November following, when I
pread on the land at the rate of (iftcon cart-
to the acre. I
■"wo accur.ito trials of the above compost, in j
irison with decomposed stable manure, re- I
•B follows ; 4 si]uarc9 of eqiisl size, which j
pi as lawns and mown seven or eight times
!sson, were manured, two with the leached j
and mnck compost, and two with a compost 1
■ rotted stable manure. It was spread at the |
f twenty cart-loads to the acre. The grass |
diliVrent squares was much the same in |
ty, hut on the squares manured with the muck j
■SI, it was decidedly of a darker and richer I
and the manure introduced a greater quan-
■ white Dutch clover or honeysuckle. 'I^ie
1 trial was in a field mown for hay, 2 1-4
The field was divided into two equal parts,
T alike as possible, one half manured with
compost, the other half with rotted manure,
rate of fif>eon carl-loads to the acre. Eight
nd eighty lbs. of hay were cut from the field.
(Terence could ho discovered in the parts ma-
by the ditTerent composts. This proved that,
top-dressin?, the compost of leached barilla
uck is equal to stable manure. After using
large extent for several years, 1 am still in
of it as a t9p-drc.=sing. The compost mn-
«rhich wc used for ploughed land, is made
two thirds muck, and one third manure,
nock in all cases is mixed with the manure
it ferments, and care is taken not to put in
ch muck as to prevent the compost's heating.
irmentation of the manure decomposes the
rapidly, and I am convinced the greatest art
use of muck, as a manure, is to have it in a
• state b<-fore it is put upon the land. To dig
n the swamp and apply it before it undergoes
ical change is undoubtedly injurious. This
is brought on rapidly by hot horse manure
■lacked lime, but with colder substances it
1 longer. For mixing with cow manure, or
in hog styes, it ought to he dug Iroin the
at least six months, and it is belter that it
be exposed to a winter's frost before it is
The air then, in some measure, effects the
e. The action of the manure soon decom-
the fibre in l!ie muck. It falls to pieces like
and then iias an earthy appearance. In this
a mixture ofone third manure and two thirds
has never failed with me to produce better
of all kinds of vegetables than clear manure,
le last five years we have thought it WRSteful
manure without being mixed. Before com-
1 this strong conclusion of the benellt of muck,
u.'fed as a manure, ,nany experiments were
and universally resulted in favor of muck."
Iman^s Fourth Rfporl.

ubt is the vestibule which all must pass, be-
hey can enter into tlie temple of truth.

.M.\SS. II()UTICi:i/rUIlAI. SOCir.TV. [

lltporl of Iht CominitUt on Flotctrs. i

.At an adjournod meeting of the Society htid |
Jan. '.Ji)||i, the Kxcciitive Conuuitteo laid upon the I
tabic llio following report of the Flower Committee, '
oflering premiums for J84'3: — i

'ridipa For the beat display of fine blooms, a i

preiiiiuin of $.%

For the second best display of fine blooms, a
premium of 3

Gtiuniunu. — For the best twelve plants in
bloom — variety of the kinds and shape
and vigor of the plants to be considered,
a premium of 5

For the second best twelve plants in bloom,
with the same considerations, a premium of 3
I'<ronics — For the best display of flowers, a pre-
mium of .5
For the second best display of flowers a pre-
mium of 3
Pansies. — For the best display of fine varieties,

a premium of 3

For the best six varieties, a premium of 2

For the best seedling flower, a premium of 2

Roses — In classes: —

Class I. Hardy kinds.
For the best 50 dissimilar blooms, n premium

of $10

For the second best 50 do. do. " 8

For the third best 50 do. do. " 5

Class 11. Boiirion, China, Tea and -VoiseHe Roses.

For the best display of flowers, a premium of $5
For the second display of flowers, a premium
of 3

Pinks. — For the best display of flowers, a pre-
mium of 5
For the best six varieties, a premium of 3
For the best seedling, a premium of 2
Carnalions. — For the beat display of flowers, a

premium of 5
For the second best do. do. 3
For the best seedling, a premium of 2
Balsams. — For the best display of flowers, a pre-
mium of 3
For the second best display, a premium of 2
German Asltrs. — For the best display of flow-
erg, a premium of 3
For the second best display of flowers, a pre-
mium of 2
Dablias — In the following divisions and classes:

DiVISIO.N A.

Open to nit cutlivators.
Premier Prize. — For the best twelve dissimilar

blooms, a premium of $18

Specimen Bloom. — For the best bloom, a pre-
mium of 7
For the second best bloom, a premium of 4

Division B.
Open to all cultivators of more than two hundred

plants.
Class 1. — For the best twentyfour dissimilar

blooms, a premium of 12

For the second best twentyfour dissimilar
blooms, a premium of 7

Class II For the best twelve dissimilar blooms,

a premium of 10

For the second best do. do. do. a

premium of 5

iilar blomii', a

do.

do.

Class III.— For th. I i ;
premium of
For thu second beat six

prcniiuiii of 4

Division C.
Open to nil culliviturs of less than tivo hundred

plants.
Class I. — For the best twentyfour dissimilar

blooms, a premium of $1.^

For the second lii:st twentyfour dissimilar
blooms, a premium of T

Class II. — For the best twelve dissimilar

blooms, a premium of 10

Fur the second best twelve dissimilar blooms,
a premium of 5

Class III. — For the best six dissimilar blooms,

a premium of 8

For the second best six dissimilar blooms, a
premium of 4

The amount voted by the Society, for the pre-
sent year, ivas one hundred and fifty dollars i
to this has been added sixtyfour dollars, being the
amount set aside for the award of Dahlias for 1841,
as stated in the report of the coniiiiittee awardinff
premiums for that year. The sum of sixtyfour
dollars has been wholly added to tlic premiums
ofl'ercd for Dahlias, in accordance with the wishes
of the cultivators of that flower, who were the com-
petitors for the premiums for 184J, and who relin-
quished their claims to the prizes awarded, on this
condition.

The Committee believe that the arrangement
which has been made in regard to the Dahlias, will
meet the views of every cultivator of flowers. It
is well known that the Society's autumnal shows
would bo meagre, and quite unattractive to what
they are at present, were it not for the exhibition of
the Dahlia: there is no individual flower which
contributes so much to the beauty and splendor of
the room : appreciated alike by all, its brilliant
colors and perfect form command the admiration of
those who would scarce bestow a glance upou
some more humble, but equally as deserving a
flower.

With these remarks, the Committee submit their
report to the Exectitive Committee.

C. M. IIOVEY, Chairvian.

January, 1842.

[The rules and regulations adopted by the com-
mittee to he observed in regard to the Dahlia show,
we are obliged, for want of room, to defer till next
week.l

Bloody Business. — The Cincinnati Gazette gives
the following account of a dreadful slaughter of
— hogs :

"We learn from J. W. Colcnmti, Esq., who car-
ries on the principal slaughtering house, that at his
establishment there have been killed tbis year,
88,531 hogs against about 102,000 last/, ear. At
the other principal iiouses near this, lliqre have
been killed about 12,000. At Covi;igton, we learn^
that about 8000 have been killed. Last year, Mr.
Coleman killed about 22,000 from Kentucky, and
this year about 1200. The greater number of hogs
have come this year from Indiana. The number,
of hogs packed this year, will fall short of that last.^
year about 35 or 40,000."

Those that arc tho loudest in their threats, are
the weakest in the execution of them.

•2^6

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 2, mn.

ADDRESS,
liy Alo.vzo Gray, A. M., before the Easei .Igricul-
lural Sociely, al Georgetown, Sepl.'iO, 1!:'41.
After on appropriate introduction, and an illus-
tration of the position tJiat ajrricuHure should be
based on scientific principlt-s, Mr Gray says :

"This leud« me to remark in the second place,
that in order to secure constant progress and per

boar upon the popular mind ; hence what we need
is, such an elementary knowledge of mineralogy,
botany, chemistry and natural philosophy, with their

edge of the subject ; but we would propose
course to tliose young men who are to become!
leading minds in society, (and there are manysg

application to the arts, that the bcienco of agricul- in every county, in every tow n throughout

lure may be understood, and such a discipline of
the popular intellect that this knowledge may be
practically applied.

"For want of this recipienl power, the press, that
great engine of popular instruction, is deprived of

nianent improvement in Agriculture, its principles | [he greater pirt of its efficacy. Popular lectures,
must be made a regular branch of study in an ex- jhe efforts, the discoveries of scientific men, exert

tended course of an English education. It must
be introduced into our system of popular instruc-
tion. How else can it become a aciencc, unlesa it
is made a. special subject of study ? It must be
stadied as every other art is. It must be made a
prominent and indispensable part of an education.
It will then create a motive for scientific men to
turn their attention to it, and to produce in tliis as
in all other professions, a union of theory and prac-
tice: the theory must be taught in the schools, the
practice in the fields. Its principles will then be
sought out, its experiments carefully compared and
classified ; its apparently discordant facts recon-
ciled and wrought into one perfect system of light
and truth.

" It is only in this way that ^er/ccd'on can be at-
tained. Why is it that the mec'mnie arts have ar-
rived to such a high state of p-:rfe(?ri(>n, while ag-
riculture is so manifestly imperfect? It is simply
because these arts liave been made the subjects of
patient and persevering study. The lights of sci-
ence have shone upon them until we are astonish-
ed and almost confounded at the magnitude of the
resultB, no less than delighted with the b?auty,
simplicity and cheapReas which characterize their
productions. Every ecicntifie man Ims his tele-
scope out, that nothing may pass in heaven or cartli
but that it may be known ; but alas for the farmer,
very faw but empirics have consulted his interests.
He could do well enough without the aid of sci-
ence ; so the farmer has said, and so he believed,
and settled down it: his self-complacency, repelling
all attempts to arouse him from his comfortable,
and as he verily believes, consoling position. But
scientific men and practicr.1 farmers are turning
their attention to this suVoc:.\ New discoveries
•are being made, new resoLicsa are being develop,
'od ; the iniportance of the subject begins to be
.>eeen, and unless I mistake the signs of the times,
^a liecossity felt by many of the best men, that in
order to secure perfection in agriculture, it must bo
made a branch of an English education.

"If agriculture is made a science, however, its
principles cannot be understood, disseminated and
applied, unless it is made a branch of study in our
literary institutions. It may be known as n sci-
ence by the iiiitialod, but there must be a power
to receive and appbj, as well as to conimunicale, be-
fore permanent improvement can be secured.

" It is one of the most glaring defects in our
system of popular instruction, that no provision is
made for the study of those branches which are in-
timately connected with agriculture, and a knowl-
edge of which is necessary in order that the sci-
ence itself may be understood ; we are therefore
met with an obstacle which it is not easy to sur-
mount, whenever we attempt to instruct the com-
munity into the principles of the art. There is
wanting not light on agriculture, but a recipient
power in tho general mind to collect the light
ivhich actually exists. There is knowledge enough
in the world to save it, if it could be brought to

but a feeble influence. The fostering care of the
Legislature, and the indefatigable labors of agri-
cultural societies scarcely reach the general mass
of farmers. The consequence is that no prepara-
tion is considered desirable to become a farmer,
as if men were endowed for this employment with
an instinct like the bee or beaver, which is perfect
in- itself, and could not be improved by education.
" While some degree of preparation is deemed
necessary to practice the riulcst trade, that of a
cobbler or common ptdtnr, the most difficult and
important of all trades may be carried on, it is
supposed, without any prcpnratory or professional
knowledge. What should we think of the wisJom
or the sense of that community which should en

Statt,) we would make thein scientific farmers, ai
scattered as they would be among tho farm
community, their e.xaniple and influence Wi
soon give character and permanency to Ibo pi
sion, and bring all under the power of it* bi
cial effect

" There is not, to my knowledge, a single i\
tution in the country where agriculture is act\
taus;hl in any of its departments. There are i
tulions where men may be instructed in almost e<
ry other art but this. There should be at leaiy
one ;i/ace where the subject may receive that W||
tcntion which its importance demands : one ray«|
light to show, if nothing more, the darkness whici
really e.xists. It is impossible for me to undi
stand the reason why farmers have not ere this
tablishod schools for the study of scientific ngri
ture. They have given their money to educati
ministers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, mcchta:
ics, and sailois. They have, as it wore, gone
of their appropriate fields to cultivate those of tl
neighbors ; they have been ready to aid every

inc. I
d«J|...

ilie

courage all its physicians, lawyers, ministers, mer- ; er profession but their own; they have sent
chanta and politicians to engage in their respective ' sons to learn to he gentlemen, and to pass well
professions without any professioHal knowledge the world ; but have not made provision for tei
whatever? And yet there is as much propriety ing them that profession in which they are tos]
for a young man to engage in the profession of law, | their life and gain their support
medicine, or theology, without professional knowl- j " Attempts have been made in several plai
edge, as in that of farming, without a knowledge introduce agriculture as a branch of study,
of its fundamental principles. True, he might do ■ have generally failed, either because it was i
more injury to society in the former case, but he to raise up a sinking institution that had no
would have an equal title to the character of a dation to it, or because the institution was (
quack in both; and quackery in farming has many lished for the mere sttidy of agriculture, as if
striking analogies to quackery in medicine, and ' preparatory course were required, no disciplini
were it not .^o common, would meet with similar ri- j mind requisite, to obtain a scientific knowledgi
diculo and rebuke by all intelligent men. the subject. Efforts are now in progress to inta j

" But how can this rcripien/ poinr be supplied, { duce the subject into tho Teachers' Seminary*! ,
and how can this professional knowledge be ac- ' Andover ; lectures are given upon tlie subject tk :
quired, unless agriculture be made a subject of present term, and it remains to be seen wheth* ,
study ? As our common school system excludes the farming community will sustain the effort, a»|
those kindred branches of natural science which make it a thorough and permanent means of ■■
are necessary to a professionni knowledge of agri- ! vancing the art, or whether they will permit iiPl
culture, tho commencement of improvement must add another unsuccessful attempt to raise tho OBn
be made in our academies and higher seminaries, ploymrnt to the dignity of a profession, and resell
Our colleges have a different object: their course ' it from merited contempt.

of study has become too rigidly fixed to be altered, ' "A better day, I trust, is dawning up^n ut
and it is doubtful whether any success could crown ' The public mind is awakening to tho eulijecl
tho effort if tried. But this is not the case with Si;ientific men aro turning their attention to
our academies, and scientific agriculture may ho : The friends of education are anxiously inqui
introduced into some of them and taught success- [ for something to remedy the defects which
fully to those who are to be the future cultivators I in this respect in our system of popular instructioB
of the soil. With an institution liberiilly endow- [ and it is now for the /nrmer* themselves to |* '
ed, with proper aids, text books, lectures, apparatus, forth their efforts, and we shall soon have ini
and experiments conducted in tho field, the young tions of. a high cliaracter, where young men
farmer, after having received a tliorough discipline obtain a thorough and practical English educatii
in a preparatory course, may finish his education • where they may study agriculture as a science, tit
by obtaining a scientific knowledge of ayg'ricultiire become qualified to take their proper stands anioBf
previous to entering upon the great business of the learned of other professions. If the fannM, '
life. mechanics, and merchants willed it, we should aoN

We would not establish institutions for the mere I'ave seminaries sustaining the same relation to tiH ^
study of agriculture, but would connect it with an I various departments of business, that our collegW

extended course of English education. Wc are ]
no advocates of a superficial course of training.
Wo would discountenance tho idea that a com-
petent knowledge of this subject, sufficient to
answer the ends designed, can be obtained in ii
•ingle term, or a single year ; nor do wo believe
that every young man, whoso duty it may bo to till
the soil, is capable of gaining a scientific know).

I

"1 am now able to slato that arran|;emciitii hava !>••»
ciinifileled fur instruction in scientific ngnculture, inl t
that in addition an oxienaive garden will be laid outio -
the spring, and all the branches of liorticuliuro atiendtd ,
Id by a practical and Hcienlific horticulturist. OniOi
the principal objects will be to oultivate fruit trcea twl '
fruit: of course all the processes of cultivaling fruit $si :
vegetables may lie studied practically by ihoto who mtj
wish to patronize the efl'urt.

ii

XX. NO. 33

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

277

4ipr.>rossioiial sclioots do to itio Icarnod profea- i
I. It would bo oa»y to nuoto tho opiiiiona of^
f experienced Tanncni and men of practical |

Iom, in confirnialion of tho views here suggest- >
\Tt would be intorostinj to point out e.TampIcs :
0 success iif similar institutions in other coun-
It would be profitable to sketch the plan of
an inslilMtiun here ; but our limits forbid. i

The cslablishment of such institutions will fur- i
the best means of difTusini; a correct knowl-
of agriculture through the farming communi-
Tlio sons of farmers, educated into the princi- i
of the art, would carry them home, and teach
to thuir fathers, who would thug ba induced
>ply them to practical use ; or as they left
I institutions and engaged in the practice of
profession, they would be the means of awak-
r an interest in the comnmnitics where (hey
chance to be placed, which would soon be
[fesl by a demand for more general attention
e subject in all our literary institutions. JJy
multiplying examples, tho utility of the sub-
will be felt, and the most prejudiced farmers
ig us will send their sons to the institutions to
I tho secret of that art whose magic touch con-
I their barren wastes into fruitful fields ; to be-
t possessed with the knowledge of those natu-
lowers, which like the rains and the dews of
en, cause their paths to drop with fatness, and
storehouses to overflow with abundanca.
Suppose an institution of the kind established
his county, furnished with the best facilities
h money can procure, and suppose ten young
from each town were to receive there a tho-
h education in all the common and higher
ches of English literature and the sciences,
a professional knowledge of agriculture. How
would it be, after they had engaged in their
;8sion, before their influence would be felt in
Icliberationa of these annual gatherings ? how
would it be before they would present so many
r examples of the utility of the plan, as to
lutionize the whole subject, and lead all to
it more scientific and profitable modes of cul-

Supposo one of your eons, having acquired the

ents of an agricultural education, should go

into the wef^t, and settle on the fertile prairies

linois. The application of his knowledge to

almost inexhaustible soil, would soon produce

reat a difference betiveen his own farm and

of his less scientific neighbors, that an intc-

would be excited there, and efforts would be

e by all around to found their system of cul-

on more productive principles. And not only

but he would possess an immense advantage

others in the selection of his farm. How

y men, within the last few years, have invest-

funds in western lands, without any further

wledge of the location and character of tho

than what is obtained by the paper cities which

ingenuity of speculators has created ; and now,

over that country are to be seen the remains of

-built towns, on which thousands have been

andered, deserted for more favorable locations.

3ut especially, if he settles down in New Eng-

d, and expects to gain his bread from granite

s, and sterile sand hills, will he need the aids

icb such an education will afford, that he may have

oething to lighten his labors ; something to reward

toils. Your sons will many of them soon take the

ce which you now hold, soothing and sustain-

log you in your passage to the tomb, as you liavo
suHiainod your parents, assuming your responsibili-
ties, tilling tho same soil on which you iiavo spent
tho vigor and manhood of life. This subject will
then be to them one of vital importance. The
green forests are gone, the soil hiis become ox-
h.iustcd, and something mu.st bo done to bring it
back to its ancient fertility. They muvt compete
with the western farmer by the superiority of their
knowledge, by the skill which they can bring to
their aid, or in a few yAirs they must cither become
miserably poor, or leave the home of their child-
hood to settle on more fertile lands in the far west.

" It is not expected that sudden aflluence can
be obtained by cultivating the soil, whatever im-
provements, or system of culture may be introduc-
ed ; but the history of agriculture in England,
Scotland, and on the continent of Europe, conclu-
sively proves, that the productions of the soil may
be doubled, trebled ond quadrupled by the applica-
tion of scientific principles and the adoption of cor-
rect modes of culture. Its history in our own
country shows, that the resources already develop-
ed ore but just beginning to be understood and ap-
plied. The productions of our soil havo been
doubled within the last twenty years, and yet,
when we compare our own fields with those of old-
er countries, we need not hesitate to believe that
by the application of science and proper skill, the
productions of our rocky soil may be easily doubled,
with no greater amount of labor and c.ipital tlian
are now employed. From what little e.xiimination
I have been able to make, we have lands in this
county and throughout other parts of the State,
which are now entirely unreclaimed, in the form
of peat swamps and meadows, capable, I verily be-
lieve, of yielding a greater amount of productions
than are now obtained from that which is cultiva-
ted. At least, we have in these swamps and low
lands, invaluable sources of fertility, sources which
are inexhaustible, because supplied with food for
the plants of a thousand generations.

" I asked a farmer in this county some time
since, why do you not improve your waste lands,
such as peat swamps and meadows ? Why, says
he, we cannot obtain manure enough for our up-
lands : five dollars a cord is too high'a price to
pay and get a living by it. The idea of a want of
manure here, was to me, I mu.it confess, no loss
astonishing than ridiculous, when I called to mind
that these same 'unimprovable lands,' as they are
styled upon the records of the town, contained ma-
nure enough in some sections to cover all your
tilled lands a foot deep ; manure enough to render
every acre of soil as fertile as the prairies of the
West ; manure enough to cause two tons of hay to
grow where now grows but one, and an equal in-
crease iu all the other productions of the farm.
There are few portions of the Slate where the
sources of fertility are more abundant than they are
in this county. Let it be granted, if you please,
that these lands are unimprovable as soils, (ivhich
is by no means true, many of them being tho most
valuable for this purpose,) still, they are vast re-
positories of vegetable food, which, by the appliea-
tion of science and skill, may easily be converted
into manure, and placed upon the neighboring sand
hills, thus changing the whole county into a fertile
garden. Wore strict justice done, the owner of
peat meadow and swamp muck, instead of being
assessed for thirty or forty acres of ' unimprovable
land,' considered valueless on the town records,
should be taxed for forty acres of manure, from one

to fillccn feel in (le|ilh, and «„rth five dollars per
I cord ad soon as cunvcrtcd into the food of plants.
I Uy making agriciilliiro a stiidy, a profession, and
diffusing its principles abroad, those and other
means of fertility will necessarily be developed and
applied. Tho hiliura of the former will bo moro
bouiilifully rewarded, and a motive furnished for
the investment of capital in farming operations."

STABLING HORSES.

Wo make the foll.jwing extract from a lotl«r
written by L. Durand, of Derby, Ct.

" A few evenings since wo were in conversa-
tion with an old veteran former and gardener nf
this place, Leman Stone, Esq. He says there ia
nothing so injurious to horse's hoofs, as the urino
and dung fur the aniii.al to stand in. And he told
me the way he had practised for several years. It
was to rub the hoofs of his horses wjtli livor oil,
such aa tanners use in preparing leather, once or
twico a week, and this serves to keep them flexible
and moist. Since lie adopted this course, ho has
never known his horses to suffer from the disease
called 'hoof-bound,' a disease known by the swell-
ing of the top of the hoof, causing matter to gath-
er under the hoof, and producing lameness. Mr
Stone prefers plank to earth floors, for the horses ;
and thinks they will stand with as much ease on a
chesnut plank floor, as on one of earth. Mr Stone's
stables are as nearly perfect as any we ever saw,
particularly for saving manure, and are on the same
plan we noticed in the Cultivator. The floor is
made tight, with a descent of two or three inches,
with a trough at the bottom of the floor, and every
thing the animal drops is saved. The straw for
littering is cut to about an inch in length, and eve-
ry morning the dung is hoed down into the trough,
and together with the horse manure is mixed up
with the urine, and thus nothing is lost Mr Stone
keeps but one horse and two cows, and the cows
are otabled every night, summer and winter, and I
venture to say that he makes moro manure than
some careless farmers do with three times that num-
ber of animals. We are aware that every one
will have a way of liis own; but all must agree iu
one thing, and that is to have their stables made so
as to save all the manure, and be comfortable to
their animals. A neighbor of mine has been build-
ing a barn with a basemenl story the past season.
Instead of laying a floor for the stables in this
part, he has covered them with a layer of tan bark,
as an experiment. It will make a soft bed for his
cattle to stand on, and in the spring it can bo
thrown out, and will make good manure." — Albaity
Cult.

Important Suggestion at this lime of the Year

According to Liebig, (and the evidence of our sen-
ses, too,) a large portion of the valuable part of
manure, escapes from stables and other places of
collection, in the form of gaseous ammonia. Now
by strewing the floors of stables with gypsum, this
gaseous manure immediately combines with the
sulphuric acid of the gypsum, forming a solid com-
pound, destitute of smell, and of great value as
manure. The offensive odor is destroyed and the
manure is retained. Those who have tight stables
may successfully try this with great ease — Otne-
see Far.

No metaphysician ever felt the deficiency of lan-
guage so much as the grateful. — Lacon.

278

NEW i: N G L A N D FARMER

JtlARCH », 1841

A.vn IIURTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOK, Wednesdat, March 2, 1842.

EIGHTH AGR[,CUI<TURAL MEETING AT THE

STATE HOUSE.

Subject — Manures.

Mr Duckniiiistcr (Ed. of Plowman,) said he may be
rather hclcroi!oi in some bi his notions in regard to ma-
nures. Cut lie has spent much time in the fulds, and
would tell what hn has found there. It is a common
notion that tlicre is nothing like kog miinuTo ; ho
docs not believe it. Used once to think that horse ma-
nure was poor piufT— but if it be |>ro|ierly composted
with litter and urine it will last /on^cr than any other
manure. We are decpivcil in regard to hcg manure —
it works quick — but does not last. One cow properly
tended and littered will make twire as much manure as
one hog. Noillier will make much unless they are well
fed.

Many old ma.Tims are not sound, and such as are un-
sound shoull be diicardfd. Most people in leltinjj
furnis, make it a rule iti it the hay shall not be sold, lint
he would let n tenant sell hnlf the hay, if he would nut
laisegrnin. The grains are the great cxhau.«lcri. Von
may make any farm manuru ilsnlf, provided you sell
half the hay, if )0u do not raise grain, and if you srive
all the liquid manure. Sheep manure he h.is always
found to be light stuff — and where his sheep run upon
the mowing lands in autumn, and feed close, he gels
not more than half ns much hay the next year as on oth-
er lands. Some say thai a cow will eat ns much as ten
sheep: he would say she will eat but little more than
five sheep.

Mr Stanley, of Attlcboro', said that people arc often
deceived in regard to their own practices. Wo put
much more materials for manure into the hog pen than
we put into the heap of co»v manure. Uid we mix as
much muck, enrlli, &c. with the cow dung as we do
with the hog dung, we should find that the bntn manure
would not last longer than that from the ho» yard. If
we put ten loads of materials into the y.nrd for one hog,
the manure will be weak ; if we put but three or four
it will be good. It is best always to put in enough to
absorb all the liquids. For each hog he would pul in
two or three loads as soon as the yard was cleaned out in
the spring, and would add as much more .-»! diftVreni
times during the summer. If he wonted to put his hog
manuro on cold clay lands, he would put gravel into his
hogyaid.

Vegetable Manures. — Many farmers miss it in not
turning the sward ofien enough: much manure ^ows
upon the land. Hut it will not grow upon the field lor
mora than three or four years. This manure consists
of the stubs, routs and leaves of the grass. Tlwre will
be no more of it at the end of fcvcn years, than at the
end of f<jur. Therefore if you do not plow up after
mowing three or four years, you lose the opportunity of
making in this way. The quantity of vegetable matter
upon the acre is said to bo about twelve Ions.

A gentleman in his neighborhood, who is a good and
•ucccssful farmer, puts half of his manure — the lung ma-
nure— upon the sward, and turns it under. Manures
also in the lull. Takes off llio corn in autumn, harrows
tho ground, and puis in rye and liny sued. Mis crops of
ryo have been good, and his grass has dune well.

Mr Pulnam (E'litnr,) said the piactice just described
was such as ho had lollowed for years. He turned
down one half of his manure— the lung manure— and let
it remain there under sod for five or sixjejirs. The

corn had done will- very well— ai.d the grass (which
he sowed among the c<irn in July,) had done well the
first two years, and in the third and fourth heldoot bet-
ter than it had ever done before on the same fields.
This plan of turning half the manure under the sod, hn
liked on w.irm lands, hut on col. I ones he would keep
it nearer the surface.

Mr Buckminsier would like to know what was the
experience of farmers as to the eompar.ilivo benefits of
spreading all the m.mure for corn, and of [putting a part
in the hill. Ho used once to ihink ihal he could noi
bury his manure too deep, but he was mistaken. Has
wailed seven years 10 hear from some that he buried,
hut no accounts from it have yet been received. He
thinks it better to form our'mannres into composts and
keep it pretty near the siirl.ico.

Mr Gardner, of Sekonk, said it is customary in his
vicinity to spread part of the manure on the surlhce and
plow ft in— and to pul part in iho hill. The best far-
mers have been accustomoil lo do ihi.«, and by this pro-
cess they obtain their besi crops. The spreading of all
the nnnura is now more common than formerly.

Mr Putnam said he had made an experiment in 1639.
Half the manure (4 cr.rds per acre,) was lurhcd under
the sod. Then, on a pan of the field, the remaining
half of the manure was put in the hill ; on another part
the manure was spread on the surface of the furrows
and harrowed in. The corn manured in the hill did
bast in June, was muc'i the laigcst in the early part of
July, bu: in October, the part where the manure was
all spread gave 31 bushels, where timt manured in the
hill gave 30. Had he have judged by the eye, and with
the impressicms upon his inind made by the early part
of the growth, he probably should have said that the
part manured in the hill did best ;' but the half bushel
told n different story.

Mr Latbiop, of South Hadley thinks the qu»stion,
as to the proper p'ace for the mnnure, turns up.m the
wetness or dryness of the soil. He would not manure
in the hill on light lands, hut he would on heavy.
There can he no general rule.

He would advise every firmer to have his horso ma-
nure thrown into the hoj; yard ; tho hogH keep it from
burning, and make it worlli double what it would be if
burned.

In lliS vicinity, much ol the long innnuru is spread up.
on the mowing lands. These lands are also plastered,
and then two good crops ,ire taken from tlicin each year.
Ho alluded particularly lo several lots of land which thus
treated, give four tons and more per aere, annually, for
many successive y eai s

Mr Stanley asked whether manun-a usually ascend or
descend? which is most natural .'

Mr Pulnam. £acA is the most natural In light and
warm soils, the manures lake the gaseous form rapidly,
and ascend. In cold and wot lands, Ihcy act better to
be ncir tho surface and let their fertili/Jng parts' be car-
ried down by the waters in which they are dissidved.

Mr Stone, of Beverly, staled that a neighbor had reno
valed an <dd pasture, and brought in the Hliiie clo\er
by spreading the urine of his stuck.

MrCcd.i, (Ed. Farmers' Jnuniil,) spoke well of the
imporlanco of preserving manures from fermentation
while so situated that the g.ises would escape ; also, of
protecting It from rain. His remarks we hav« not op-
ponnnity to report.

Th> Legislature will probably adjourn the present
week, and no further meetings are expecL-d.

Mr Colman, in Ihe Genesee Farmer, says he has bi-r n
inrr)rmed that Col. Jaqu. s had refused 700 dollars for a
bull of Ins Block, which brought at hia late sale but 04
dollars.

lltL

TPR-MP FLY AND CUURIERS' OIL.

Mr Editor— After seeing something in the N. E. Fm
mer about preventing the ravages of the turnip fiy, ^
soaking the seed for a few hours in curriers' oil, I resol
ed lo try it 1 therefore went to a currier last year, ai
paid him a few cents for some of his oil, which I ui
for luraips and ruta b.igas, in four different places— t—^
ways planting rows with seeds which had not bet ^
soaked in oil, in the same piece, and by tho side of t|
rows which wore planted with oiled seeds. The resu
was completely successful. For not only did the oilt V,
seeds come up well, but all the plants v>hicii grm h
from the seeds which bad been soaked in tho oil, escai s:
ed injury from the flies ; and not only so, but all ti SH
other turnips and ruin bagas which grew in the sa(|
fields, completely escaped the ravages of the flies alt
How much all this will encourage others to soak ihL
turnip seed a few hours in curriers' oil before sowing!
1 do not know. I merely give you a dry statement i
the fails for others lo commeni u|«)n, if they chooi.
and only add that I mean bcteafier lo try the same pla
again. With great respect,

Your friend and humble serv't,

ASA M. HOLT.

■East Iladdam, Conn., 2lst Feb. 1842.

P. S.— I have al different times made a number of n|
succeteful alleinpis lo cultivate ih« Ilyosciarnus nigm ,r
for medicinal purpo.scs. But the plants were almost i
ways destroyed by tho turnip flies. Last summer I saH
two or three plants of the Hyosciainus in my gardeji ^
and 1 put some carriers' oil about them, and they all a
caped the ravages of Ihe fly. Yours, A. M. H.

CATTLE SHOW BILLS.

Proridence, Feb. 14th, IS-IL

Ali.kn Putoam, Esq— Dear Sir,— The subject
" Slock" having excited some interest in our State ■
it being the wish of our Ai'ricullural Society to «n'c<
age and promote that part of agriculture, which has
received that attention with us that it should have
Society intend confining their list ol premiums altni
exclusively to this subject, at their me. ting in Octob
next. And lo enable them to offer such preiniuma
shall be an inducement to competition, I liave taken tl
liberty of addres^^ing you, to ascertain throu;;h the ci
umns of the New England Fanner or otherwise the a
"Ircss of your most active societies, in order to obiaia
copy of their " show bill.*," and gel such other inforii'
lion as may be desired.

If Messrs. Breck & Co. or yourself liave coi>ie*.(

Premium Lists that .ire not wanted, I sliould feel mm

obliged lo receive them. I shall be happy to recinl

cato this request, and am '^

Kespeclfully, yours,

ELISHA DYER, 1,.

The above letter oxploins the wishes of the liliodi
Island Agricultural Society. Wo have forwarded micI
lists of premiums as we could pick up at short i)ni,o»
and wc ask the Secretaries of the several County .<,,c'^
lies in thi' Slate lo send lists to Mr Over The list
the New York Agricultural Society is-.oniained in t
New Lngland farmer, vol. xx. No. 11, Sept. 15 igJi

MUCK— THE MEANING OF THE WORO.

A friend has hinted to us that we sot at defiance tli
best dictionary onlhorilica, when we use the word iniM
lo signify the samr as mud. Muik.ho tells us, mean
wet dung. It may, in Ihc dicli<iimries, hut we think]
iloea not in the barn yards of Mass. However the
may be B. me ground lor bringing a charge against !■
We do use the single word muck, where most wriletU
say "swamp muck," " pond muck," " meadow mud ''I
or the like ; lull we gave a liiir cxpo-iiion of ,mr in, '
iiig of iho term, in our paper of Jan ^i, page 2\'.i, and i
disposed to continue to moke Ihe word signily tho oi
cayed vegetable matters which are taken from wet bed

Our correspondents' favors shall be early attended Id

.'OI.. XX. XII. 33.

AND HORTICULTURAL R E G 1 55 T E R .

•270

TllKll.MO.MKrUIC \L.
l!rp..ilr<llotlli<> Ni-» Knclnnil Pmniri.
^-..f ilir nipniioiiiplrrai ilir (5ari!riiof the pro|iriolor»
s .\riv RnKl.inil Punnpr. Ilriglilnn. M.nM. in ■ ahRflrd

M-

oxpodiirc, for the wpck pnding Feb. 27.

I 6 A.M. I 12. M. I M'-wTf Winil.

W.

N, E.

S.

N. W.

N. E.

K.

N. VV.

M.inHXN .M.\KKKT.— MoNPAT, Ffb.Si*, 1849
H.-|.orlr.i f.it rhc \-w Kiiiliiiil KirmiT.

Iirkrt 400 Hc-of Cnlito, 710 Slioep, and 500
TO IV-cfC'iiUlo unsold.

■» — lUtf Catllf LaM wpoks price* for a like

wore h.'%rilly fusIainLu). ^Vc noticed a small

of choice cnttio taken at $0, and ti 12. We

-l nrialilv, S.'i. r>0 a 5 75. Sccmd qualliy, .f J

T>. Tl.iid quality, $!! 75 a 4 50.

— One lot of weotluTS at $2 50 and 3 00. Also

.'>0, 4 85, 5 00 and 5 50.

. —A lot of large +Iogs, 4 for sows and 5 for
Lnis to peddle, 4 for sows and 5 for Barrows.

I.t'roin 4 1-2 to 6.

WIIOI.ES.\I,E PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uUh threat c<irc, iceckly, j

^n^ (lerdsGrass, f^ 2.- to 3 on pcrliushel Red Top,

nis. Clover— Northern, 12c.— Southern, l2lol3c. I
■^■p.l, 51 SI to 1 sr. Im. t.ucerne, 25 c per Ih. Ca-
■^cl. S3 50 a 4 50 per liushnl.

\IN. The principal sales consist of a cargo white
l.ikon early iu the week, at Pdc. and a carso since at
yellow flat do. 60aClc.; 2n00 bushels do old, 68c.; 2

do 66c per i>ushel; 8 a 10 000 hushels New Orleans,
and yellow. 53 a 37c; a cargo Delaware Cats, 480 per
Northern Rye, from vessels, 83c. do. do-.

n— Northern, hujhel 70 to do. Round Yellow 67

do. Southern Flat Yellow 60 a White do. 56 a —

ley — a Rye, Northern, 80 a 83 — Oats, South-

a -13— Nbrlhsrn do. 43 to 50— Beans, per hushel 75

)UR. Genesee, steady sales at 36 41 a 6 30; 10 a

Pclcrsturgh Cily Mills sold at t6, cash, and part

lal to 4 mos. cr. ; Howard-street, picked brands, 86

cash, and common do $6, CO days ; 400 bhis Balti-

hr.rf. good quality, 36, 4 mos. cr.

timnre. Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. t6 00 a do

73 a 6 00 do. free of garlic, 85 00 a Phila-

I. 4 mos. S5 87 a 0 no — Krederickshursj, lowlvi 4
7 a r, 00 — .Alexandria, wharf mountain, 35 .57 a
Georgetown, 86 00 a G 12— Richmond Canal, S6 00 a
o. Cny,»6 75— Petershurgh, Cily Mills, SG 00 a 6 25
County 85 75 a 5 67 — Geucsec, common, cash, S6 44 a
do fancy brands SS 5(1 a C 56 — Ohio via Canal,
a 6 37 Indian Meal in bbis , 33 00 a 3 33.
Oli. The sales of fleece during the week, will not
icli short of 100 000 lbs. at tiielate reduced quotations ;
ale sales of pulled have been made, but in foreign
tliero is but little doing.

le or Sainnv Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 50 c. — Amer-
ull l.lood,do'43 a 46— Do. 3-4 do 40 a 41— Do. I -2 do
1-4 anil common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna .Sheep,
d, JO a 26 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 14— Bengasi do
—Saxony, clean. — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
. uicke.1, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37
No. 1 do. do. do. 35 a 37 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30-

lodu 18 a 21).

IS'ISIONS. Large quantities have arrived daring
St wetk, and the market is altogether anseilled, and
t ■luniations are consequently in a great measure quite

—Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. «9 23 a 9 50— Navy— SS 00 a 8
o. 1 87 60 a 7 75— do Prime S3 00 a 5 50— Pork—
clear, 4 mo bbl. 812 a 12 60— d.r Clear 811 a 11(0
Mpss 89 00 a 9 60— do Prime 87 O'J a S 00— do Mess
thor Stales — a —
PS. Prices remaio nomioally the same as before re.

iort, Mass. 1841 per lb 12 a 13.

Y, per ton, $20 to 25— Eastern Screwed 8i9 to 20.
EESE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New 6 to8.
iS, 16 a 25.

FAIIM W ANTRI)

A gentlcmnn wi<ho« lo purohnte a Farm of from 50 In
1011 aires. with good liuildinKn ihcreon, nnd wiihiii one hnnr's
ride of RnXon by Rnilrond or olhorwiiiv Address p<nl pnid,
box nin, Bosioii Po»t Office, with full detrriptinn of the
locality, huildinRK, A:c. 2w* Peh. 33

P*Kn FOR flAMC.

Tor sale a Farm in r.exiiigton sitttatefl one mile west of
the \*illage, and 11 miles from Boston, containing I?."; acre^,
iiichiding about 40 acres of wood land, the soil is rich, nnd
under a high slate of ciiltivalion. On the premises is a
Inreenwellinif House, which will conveniently aceo-nmoilnle
iwi> families; a larire Rnrn, Shed, Chm«e Home. Mill
Honsc. Cider Mill nnd fee House, nnd an extensive Pigt'erv,
all of which are new, or in uood repair. The Farm is stork-
ed with every variety of Fruit, nnd the Garden, which in
eludes about an acre, with a rhoice seleclion of Shrubs and
Flowering PInnIs, which the proprietor has devoted seveml
years inprnenring, with great care and expense Within
I the eanlcn is a Green House, 40 feet by 16, with suitable
' buildiiics adjacent to accommodate the Gardener. Tlic
House is healed upon the most njiproverl plan, and is slock-
ed wilh a variety nf the hesi Grapes, Flowering plants. &r.
A valuable stock of improved Short Horn. Ilurhain, Norib
' Devon, and Alderney Callle will he sold In the purchaser of
I the Farin if wanted. Fur further particiilnn! inquire .i(
■VRAD PROCTER, on the premises, or of JAMES VILA,
Bath Ptreet, Boston.

If not disposed of at private sale it will be oflercd ut
Auction on Friday, 1st of April at 3 o'clock P. M.
Feb. 16. eplAl

PAftlWS Kon-SAT.K.

To be sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres of T, nnd,
heanlifully situated, one mile and a quarter from llic centre
of Billerica, on the main road leading from Lowell to Bos-
Ion ; 7 miles from the former, and 17 miles from the latter
place There is a large Dw-'lling House thereon, sniiable
for two families; also a hirse Barn. Also, an establish
ment hnilt two year.' since for keeping swine, with an appar-
atus for boHing with steam, and tiavini every other conve-
nience for the business. Also a Wood Shed. Chaise House,
Gran.iry. and Cider Mill House, wilh a Grater Mill.

Also, another Farm adjo'ning the above, containing about
thirty-five acres of Land, bavinir a DwcllinT House and large
Shop built two years ago, for a shoe establishment. Tlie a-
hove named lands are of an excellent quality of every variety
of soil, well calculated for profitable farmine, and especially
adapted to Frnit, Hay and Vegetables for market, and con-
taining more than 800 Fruit Trees* — Said estate ran l>e cnn.
venicntly divided so as to make three good farms, or the
shop with five or six acres of land can be sold separately to
suit purchasers.

The above property if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Public Auction on Thursday the 17lh ofM.-irch
nejtt at 10 o'clnck A. iM. on the premises.

Any gentleman from the city, wishing a handsome situa-
tion for a country residence, or any farniqr oi mechanic wish-
ing lo purchase., may do well to call and view the premises.

Inquire of the subscriber, living near the same.

SERENO FISK.

Billerica, Jan. 19, 1842. ist I7M.

\VIL.MS>S LATEST l»IPnOVED VEGBTABLP.
CUTTER.

This machine surpassts all others for the purpose of cut
ting Ruta Baga, Mangel VViirtzel, and other roots The
preat objection lo other mjchiiies, is their cutting the roots
into slices, which makes il aliiuisl impossible for the cattle
to get hold of them; this machine with a little alteration,
cuts them into large or small pieces, of such shape as is most
convenient for the cattle to cat. Il will cut witri ease from
one lo two busbeU of rool.-^ per minute.

Forsale by JOSEPH .BUECK & CO.. at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. Sept. I

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improyeiiicnls have been inntle the iHut year in lb*
form and workmanship of these Phiuglis ; ilie monld l.< arW
bas been so formed as to hi/ ihe furrme rnmpMeh) oner.
Iiinuiif^ ,n rrerij jiariicle of /nn3t oriiulMe, andiraring Ikt
^roxind in the bnt posuiblc manner. The leuoth of tht
mould board has Ik n very much increased, .n ihal ih*
I'loiigh works wilh the greatest ease, both wilh respect to
the holding nhd the team. The Committee at the late trial
ol Ploughs at Woriesfer, say,

" Shoulfl our ojiinion be asked as lo which of the Ploughs
we should prcler for use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo
Ihc inquirer, il your land is mostly light and easy lo woik,
try Protity& Manrs, but if your /<in(/iV/,cai>v, A jrj orrwAw,
heoin with Mr. HowAnn'a.''

At the above me-.t;oned irial the Howard Plough lUi
more irork, irilh the same pmcer of learn, thnn any allir
plough rrfiibitctl. No other turned more than twenlyse.ev
and one half i.iches, to the 112 lbs. draucht, while Ih*
Howard Plovgh turned tteenti/nine and one' half inc/iet. <e
the same poiccr of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most sukslantiallT
made. '

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed without
having to furni.sh a newlandside: this shoe likewise secniea
the mould hoard and landside together, and strengthens llie
Plough very minli.

The price of ilin Ploughs is from SG in 815. A Ploiiph,
snlficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost abiint
S;o 50, and with cutter *l, wiiii wheel and cutter, 82 M
e.Nlra.

The alibve Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail at
the New England Agricultnral Warehouse and Seed St.iv,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Blarket Street, by

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

KcJi dials:

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-re's, Sou Dials, ■
verrncat and useful article for the purpose of giving the tiina
of ciny in the garden or field. Price ;5 cents. For sale br
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 51 and 32 North Market St.

Sept I.

Ii'AasI. IN LEXIKGTON

For .sale, a fu.in in Lexington known as the Hastinga
Place, coniaininijhhonl 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
E. Phinney. The land is ol excellent quality, well stocked
xvilh liii;! ir'^el- - ■ ' I . . -

mil i.ri'eSi and a good supply of young wood. For
iij-iiy M this.ofiicc, or of E. PHINNEV, living near
Lexington, Feb. 9, 1842.

lerinb iij;i'i}'
the premises.*"

KOK SALE,
A (cw. pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
monihsoll. E. PHINNEY'.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

GI(lNOSTOXBS,.UN FIVICTIOS ROL,LER8.

Grindstones of dilfcrent sizes bung on friction rollers and
moved wilh a fool ircadcr, is (oiiiid lo I.e a great improve
meat on the present mode of hanging grindslones. The
case with which they move upon the rollers, renders them
very easy to turn with the foot, by which the labor of on*
man is saved, and the person in the act of giinding, can
govern the stone-more to his laind by having the com|det*
control of his work. Stones hung iu this manner are he-
coming daily more in use, and wherever used, give univer-
sal saOsfaclinn. The rollers can be altached lo stones hun
iu the common way.

For sale t.y JOs'El'H BRECK &. CO., Nos. £1 and 62
North MarkM Boston. Jul; 14

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, suitable
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECK &
CO., No. 62 North Market st. April 21

poi'naETTK.

6110 Barrels Poudreltc may be had on application to the
subscriber, at 82 per barrel of four bushels each — delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders by mail, enclosing
the moncv will be prompllv atlcn.ied to, if received soon bjr
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nas-au st , New York.

Jan, 6, 1842.

280

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AIARCR a, i

M I S C E L L A N E.O U S

FORGET ME NOT.

BY WILLIAM (lESBT HABRISON.

Th« staf Ihat shines so pure and bright,

Like a farofi place of bliss,
And tells the broken hearted

There are brighter worlds than this ;
The moon that courses through the sky,

Like man's uncertain doom.
Now shining bright with borrowed light,

Now wrapped in deepest gloom, —
Or when eclipsed, a dreary blank,

A fearful emblem given
Ol a heart shut out by a sinful world

From the blessed light of Heaven ;
The flower that freely casts its weahh

Of perfume on the gale
The breeze thai mourns the summer's close

With melancholy wail ;
The stream that cleaves the mountains side

Or gurgles from the grot —
All speak in their Creator's name,

And say " PSrgct me not .'"

" Forget me not," the ihnnder roars,

As it bursts its sulph'ry clond
'T is murmured by the distant bills.

In echoes long and loud ;
'Tis written by the Almighty hand

In characters of Same,
When the lightnings glare with vivid flash,

And His wrath and power proclaim,
'Tis murmured when the white wave falls

Upon the wreck strewn shore,
' As a hoary wanrrior bows his crest

When his day of work is o'er.

Good Advice to Young Men.^~Tho Editor of the
Louisville Journal holds the foUowing language in
lecturing the young men of tliat city :

" If all the young men of any city which can
be named, will but devote one half — yea, one
fourth of the money which thoy now expend in
mere luxuries, idle pleasures, and pernicious indul-
gences, which do them »io good and muck harm, to
the support of a well regulated reading eslablish-
mtnt, and spend their leisure hours there, the
change would enrich their minds, and add to their
happiness, respectability, wealth, and ability to be
nseful in coming life. There is more virtue in
one Magazine than in a dozen boxes of the best
Spanish cigars, and more to be gained during the
long evenings of a eingle winter, by reading and
study, than can be found in theatrical shows and
scenes of dissipation in twenty years. The one
course leads young men up to a life of respectai
bility, honor, and usefulness, and enables him to
anticipate the coming of gray hairs upon liis ruf-
fled brow, with the feelings of one who has not lived
in vain; while the other soon leads to loss of vir-
tue— loss of character — loss of the confidence of
friends — loss of health — crime — infamy — an early
and dishonored grave."

It is not to ihc risen, but to the rising generation
that we look for great and benelicial changes. The
maturity of manhood is too intlexibic to admit of be-
ing recast in a new and a nobler mould. — Ertracl.

We commend the following to our small friends,
that they may see what great men they are;

Little .Men. — It takes little men to set the world
on fire, and polish off their jobs neatly. Show me
a big fellow, and ten to one I'll show you a big
booby : but introduce me to a small shaver — any
chap between four feet nothing and five feet four
in his boots — and 1 Ml recommend to your notice a
fellow that knows what's what, and who has plenty
of brains in his head, if ho has n't got much to boast
of in the matter of logs in his breeches.

As a general rule, the cause of the difference in
size of the human family is this : some men's meat
goes into their bodies — others into their souls :
consequently, the smaller the corporeal dimensions,
the larger the mental developements, and vice versa.

Public Taste. — Murders, horribles, and terril
with a sprinkling of conundrums and stale
modernized ; police reports, obscene narratio
elopements, and criminal scenes in high life,]
a touch of the fashions, and a dish of billinga
are the materials of a newspaper much sought^^,,
and very grateful to the popular palate,
constitute the chief ingredients of nearly
Eastern family newspapers. No wonder the " 3
idea" shoots 90 waywardly. — Cincinnati Ele

The Ice Crop. — A great deal has been said
within the last year, on the subject of the exporta-
tion of ice from Charle.stown to warm climates. A
railroad having been established from the wharves
in Charlestown to Fresh and Spy Ponds, a great
and profitable increase in this business, to the ad-
vantage of all persons concerned, was anticipated
These anticipations would undoubtedly have been
fully realized, but for one trifling obstacle — the
mildness of the weather. Only a few thousand
tons have been taken from Fresh and Spy Ponds,
and nearly all the vessels which have been laden
with ice, have taken that which was at least a year
old. Fresh, Spy and Mystic Ponds have been free
of ice nearly all winter — a most unusual occurrence
— and it is by no means probable that these ponds
will again freeze to the thickness of ten or twelve
inches during the present winter, and thus, even in
part, make up this unexpected deficiency. The
amount of ice on hand at the present time, is unu-
sually small, and we fear that the lovers of iced
lemonade, or eau sucne, in the tropical climates,
will be sadly disappointed in their expectations of
receiving a due supply of this much coveted luxu-
ry ; for it cannot be longer disguised tliat the tee
crop has /ailed ! — Boston Merc. Jour.

A Dutch Story. — I and prothcr Hans and two
other togs vas out huntin' vun day next veek, anil
wo trove nine woodchuck into a stono heap, and
kilt ten of 'em pofore tey cot in.

J^ational Bankruptcy. — The whole world is
bankrupt, or nearly so. In England, the ministry
are about to call a new Parliament, in order to in-
crease the revenue. Fiance finds herself deficient
,910,000,000. Austria obtained u loan of $]7r),000,-
000. Russia, Prussia, Spain and Portugal are in
the utmost pecuniary difficillty, and would all bor-
row money if ihey could. Turkey and Belgium
have obtained loans, and Egypt has been obliged
to raise the duty on produce. The king of Naples
has raised five millions of ducats for Sicily. Texas
is a borrower in England. Lastly, the United
States, with abundant resources, is reduced to the
necessity of raising a loan of $2,000,000 to carry
her through the year — Selected.

.Wot Bad. — A worthy man died, leaving a rich
and beautiful widow. The clergyman of the par-
ish (a widower) accompanied her homo from the
({rave, and spoke in condoling tones of the loss
she ivas bewailing. The clergyman, being a kind
and tender-hearted man, told her, liy way of con-
solation, that her loss was irreparable, and intima-
ted to her, ill terms not to be misunderstood, that
he should bo happy at the proper time to marry
her. To which the widow replied — "Oh, my dear
sir, you are too late — the deacon spoke to me at
the grave !" — Selected.

luwa Scales In Iowa they weigh pork by{

ting a plank across a rail with the hog on on!
and then piling stones enough on the other e^
balance. They guess at the weight of (he 1
and thus come to the weight of the pork.

agrici;l.titral. IMPLEIUENTS, Ae.

The Proprietors of the New F.ngland Agricultural
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 52 Norih Market
would inform 1 heir customers and the public general!
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of
cultuial and Horticultural Tools to be found in tile
Slates. Part of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Plough.s.
.■^OO Common do. do.
200 Cullivalors.
100 Greene's Straw Cutters.
50 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
50 Common do do.
2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutlers
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

200 Grain Cradles.

1 00 Ox Yokes.
1600 Uoz. Scythe Stones.
300O '■ Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Steel I

100 " Common

too " Sj)ailes.

Griivs Seville*."
P.il.i.i .-^'n^Mlhl,,
CoDiinon do.
Hay Kakea.
Garden do.
Manure Fork
Hay do.

600 Pair Trace Chaia

100 " Truck do.

too Draft do.

SOO Tie up do.

60 doz. Haller do.

1000 yards Fence do.

25 Grind Stones on I

600
300
200
6U0
200
200
300

GREEN'S PATENT STRAW CVTTI

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at the New England
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and62Ni
kel Street, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw,
Stalk Cutter, operating on a mechanical principles
applied to aBy implement fur ihis purpose. The ni
inenl efibcis of this applicalinn, und some of the ci
peculiarities of the machine are :

1 . So great a reduction of the quantum of power
to use it, that the strength of a hall grown hoy is il
to work it elficiently. ^ ■

2. With even Ibis moderate power, it easily cuts iwobi I
els a ininule, which is lull twice as last us has been citp |
by any other uiachiuc even when worked by horse or
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in wl
cut, require sharpening less oflen than those of id;
straw c-jtler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made IMI
together very slrongly. It is therefore not so liable Ml
complicated machines in general use lu gel out olnrOB

NEW K N G L A N U F A R M K H .

& WEKKLY I'APKR.

Terms, $'i per year in advance, or$2 5J if naif
within lliirly days. '

N. b. — Posliiiaslurs ant perinillcd by law to '1"'^ ,
siibacriplions niid rninittancca for newspapers, "ii'
expense to subscribers.

TUTTLE AKD DBNRETT, PRINTERS.

^

AND no K T 1 C U L T U II A L II E Ci I S T E U .

9

PUDLISHED BY JOSEPH BRBCK & CO., NO. B9 NOKTH MARKET STRUGT, (Aobiovwuial Wa«bmodi*.}-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

I \a. .If.

HOSTON, WEDNKSDAY KVKNING, MAR(MI !>, 18J2.

\iii.E I. — Ag^riaillural ^'latislics, as rsli mated for 1811, lii/ the Commissioner of J'alcn/s

■

rri'sunl |i0|iula-

■ " ■

PopulaUon ac-

tion, estininted

Number of

Numbrr

Number ol

i$TAT£«, &C.

cording tn (ho

on the annual

Number of

bualii^H of b.ir-

Number of

Number of

of bushels of

bushs.oflo-

con<usori840

avernge incr'ae

bushels of whett.

loy.

bushels ofoata.

buahols of ryo-

buckwheat.

dian cum.

for 10 years.

•

Maine ....

G01,!)7;i

522,059

987,412

300,267

1,119,425

l43,4.-.8

53,020

988,540

New llnnipshirs

284,574

2f<r>,ti->2

420,810

12'.,904

1,312,127

317,418

100,301

191,273

SlaKsacliusetla -

737,0'.ll)

7UJ,2.-.7

189,571

157,903

1, -270,491

509,205

91,273

1,905,>73

Khnde Ulund

108,830

111,151)

3,407

09,139

188,608

37,973

3,276

'^ 471,1.28

Connecticut

30!),078

312,440

95,090

31,594

1,431,454

805,222

334,008

1,. 52 1,1 91

Vericont

29l,!t4d

293,'.100

512,461

55,243

2,001,425

241,061

231,122

1,107.219

New York

2,428 .n-Jl

2,531,003

12,309.04 1

2,301,041

21,896,205

2,723,241

2.3-i),9;i

11, 4 41, '256

New Jersey

373,300

383,802

919,043

13,009

3,745,061

I,908.9n4

1 .007,340

5.134,366

Peniftylvania

l,7-.34,u:i3

1,799,193

12,872,219

203,858

20,872,591

0,942,643

2.485,132

14,909.472

Delaware

78,(18..

78,351

317,105

5.119

937,105

35,102

13,127

2, 104 ,.507

Maryland

470,0in

474,613

3,747,ti.52

3,773

2,827,305

6: 1,420

80,966

0,9.18,124

Virj>inia . - . •

1 53!),7i)7

1,245,475

10,010,105

83,025

12,962,108

1,317,,574

297,109

33,9S7.-.>56

North Carolina -

7.')3 4IS>

750.505

2,1H3,026

4,208

3,832,729

2.50,765

18,409

24,110 253

South Carolina -

5!)4,3;i8

597.040

903,102

3,794

1.374,562

49,064

85

14,9rf7,474

Gwrgia - . - -

6ni,3!)a

710,506

1,991,162

12,897

1,. 525,023

64,723

542

21,749,227

Alaltama

590,750

640,996

86»,.554

7,941

1,470,670

55,5i)8

60

21,5!M,:»54

Mifsis-ippi

.375,(;:.i

443,4.'>7

305,091

1,784

697,235

1 1 ,978

69

5,915 724

Liiuisianii

352,411

379 967

67

—

109,425

1.897

—

0.-.i24,147

Tenndssoe - - '

82"J,210

858,070

4,873,584

5,197

7,4.57,818

322,579

19,145

40,2.-'.--,.r.9

Kentucky

770,828

798,210

4,096,113

16,800

0,825,974

1,0.52,108

9,«i9

4O,7fi7.120

Ohui . . . -

l,5l!>,4li7

1,047,779

17,979 ,(i47

245,905

15.995,112

8.54.191

600,541

3.5,452,101

Indiana . . . "

685,8<iC

7.14.232

5,2^2,804

33,618

6,)i06,080

162,026

56,371

33,195.108

llhnois - - - -

470,183

.584,917

4,020,187

102,926

0,964,410

114,0.56

09,;.49

2;!,424,474

Missouri - - "

383,102

432,3.50

1,11 0,-542

11,515

2,. '•.80,041

72.144

17,135

1 9,725, 14B

Arkansaa

!)7,57l

111,010

2,1:52.030

950

236,941

7,772

110

6,039.4.50

klichigan

212,2(17

248,331

2,890,721

151,863

2,91.5,102

42.3110

127,504

3,058.290

Fliiri<!a Territory

54,477

58.49.->

624

50

13,.561

320

—

094,20.'i

Wiskonsan Ter.

30,945

.37,133

297,511

14,529

51 1 ,-.27

2.342

13,.595

.521.244

Iowa Ter.

43,112

51,834

231,115

1,342

301,198

4,675

7b73

1,54-.2I5

Diit. of Colaiubia

43,713

46,978

10,105

317

12,694

5,009

312

43,725

17,009,453

17,835,217

91,642,957

5,024,731

130,607,623

19,333,474

7,953,544

387,360,186

Number of

Number
of tons of hay.

Number of

Number of

Number of

Number

No. of lbs.

Number

Number

St \ti!», &c.

bushels of pota-

tons offliix

pounds of tobac-

pounds of cot-

of pounds of

of silk co-

of pounds of

of gallons

toes.

and hemp.

c.i galhcred.

ton.

rice.

coons.

sugar.

o( wine.

Maine

10,912,821

713,2*5

40

75

_

527

263,592

2,349

New Hampshire

6,.573 405

505,217

28

264

—

092

169,519

104

Maasachiisptia

4,947,805

617,(.03

9

87,955

—

198,432

496,.t41

207

Rhode !«.Ui)d

1,003,170

69,881

i

454

—

—

745

55

801

Connecticut

3,0112,1 12

497,204

45

547,094

—

93,611

50,372

1,924

Vermont

9,112.008

924,379

31

710

—

5,684

5,119,201

109

New York -

30,017,009

3,472,118

1,508

984

—

3,425

11,102,070

5,168

New Jersey

2,480,482

401,833

2,197

2,500

— •*-

.3,116

67

9.311

Pennsylvania

9,747,343

8,004,162

2,9,:!7

415,908

—

—

17,.324

2,894,010

16,115

Delaware -

2I3.0fM)

25,1 '07

.54

365

a52

—

2,903

—

296

Alar>l-nd -

827.303

87,351

507

20,152,810

5.484

—

5,677

39,892

7,763

Virginia -

2,889,2(i5

307,602

20,141

79,450,192

2,402,117

3,084

5.341

1,557,200

13.504

North Carolina

3,131,1180

111, .571

10,705

80,020,8.30

34,437,581

3,324,132

4,929

8,924

31,572

South Carolina

2,713,425

25.72<)

09,524

43 927,171

00,897,244

4,792

31,461

6T1

Georgia

1.644,235

17,.507

13

175,411

116,514,211

13,417,209

5,185

357,01 1

6,117

Ahibiima

1,793,773

I5,3;53

7

280,976

84,854,118

150,469

4,902

10,050

3»4

Mis-iissippi

1,705,401

004

21

155,307

148..504,39!i

801,711

158

127

17

Louisiana •

872,.'^^3

20,711

129,517

112,511.203

3,705,541

881

88,189,315

29n

Tennessee -

2,018,(;32

33,106

3,724

35,Ui8,040

20,872,433

8,455

5,724

875.557

r>02

Kenturky -

1,279519

90,300

8.827

50,678,074

007,456

16,848

3,405

1,409,172

2,261

Oh...

0.004,l.S.i

1,112,651

9,584

0,480,104

—

—

6,278

7,109,423

11.128

In.li.ina

1.83I),'!.'')-'

1,213,634

9,110

2,375,305

165

—

495

3,914.184

10,778

Illinois

2,033,156

214,411

2.143

8ra,()23

190 .2:51

I>98

2,345

415,756

618

Missouri

815,2.59

57,204

2n,.547

10,749.454

l:<8,109

65

109

327,105

37

Arkanstis

307,010

695

1,545

185,.548

7,038,186

5,987

171

2,147

Michigin -

2,911, .507

141, .525

944

2,249

—

984

1,894.372

Florida Ter.

271.105

1 .045

2.i

74,903

0,009,201

495,625

370

869. 1 16

Wiskonsan Ter.

454,819

35,003

3

311

—

—

25

147,816

Iowa

261,300

19,745

459

9,010

—

—

51,425

Uist. Columbia

43,72.5

1,449

—

59,578

—

—

916

—

38

113,183,019

12,804,705

101,181}

240,187,118

576,008,473

88,952,968

379,872

126,164,644

125,715

NEV/ ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 0, I84S.

Tab1.b it.-^-CensMS statistics of various articles for 1839, not embraced in Table I.

Maine

New Ilampsliire -

MassachiisctU

Rhode Isliind

Connecticut

Vermont

Neiv York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Maryland

Virgfinia

North Carolina -

South Carolina -

Georgia -

Alabama

Mississippi

Louisiana

Tennessee

Kentucky

Ohio

Indiana -

Illinois

Missouri

Arkansas

Michigan

Florida Territory

Wiskonsan Territory

Iowa Territory -

District of Columbia

1,465,551

l,-i(!0,517

941,900

18;i,8;i0

889,870

3,699^3S

9,845,295

397,207

3,048,564

64,404

488,201

2,538,374

625,044

2it<),170

371,303

220,353

175,196

49,283

1,060,3:32

1,786,847

3,685,315

1,237,919

650,007

562,265

6)4,943

153,375

7,285

6,777

23,039

707

35,802,114

36,940

243,425

254,795

113

4,573

48,137

447,250

4,531

49,481

746

2,357

19,597

1,0{«

93

774

825

154

115

850

742

62,195

38,591

17,742

789

11,381

ia3

&3
28

3,723.i

1,345

1,196

)ti5

3,897

4,660

52,795

10,0Gl

33,107

1,088

3,674

65,020

1 18,92:3

15,857

19,799 .

25,226

6,835

1,012

50,907

38,445

38,9ry0

30,647

2<),173

56,461

7,079

4,533

75

1,474

2,132

44

1,238,502

628,303*

59,208

43,892

61,484

8,024

34,(!50

62,402

474,543

70,502

365,12!t

14,421

92,220

326,438

166,608

129,921

157,540

143,147

109,227

99,888

341,409

395,85:3

430,527

241,03()

199,235

196,032

51,472

30,144

12,043

5.735

10,794

2,145

4,335,6G9

14,971,586

()49,264

617,390

378,22ti

fK),146

40:3,4(32

1,(«1,819

5,1 18,777

219.285

1,767,620

;3it,247

2.57,922

1,2!K3,772

.538,279

232.981

267,107

163,243

128,367

98,072

741,.593

1,008,240

2,0J8,40.1

67,5,982

;3!)5,672

348,018

42,151

99,618

7,198

3,462

15.3.54

706

19,311,374

26,;301,3a

States, &c.

Maine

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Connecticut -

Vermont

New York

New Jersey -

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Alabama

Mississippi -

Louisiana

Tennessee

Kentucky

Ohio

Indiana

Illinois

Missouri

Arkansas

Michignn

Florida Territory

VViskonsan Territory

Iowa Territory

Dist of Columbia

LIVE STOCK.

Poultry of all

kinds, estimated

vnlui'.

812:3,171

107,092

178,1.57

61,702

176,(i29

131, .578

1,1,53,413

3.16,9,5:3

685,801

47,265

218,765

754,6-98

.544,125

396,.3f;4

449,62;)

404,!iit4

;)69,482

283,5.59

606,969

536,4;3J)

.551,193

3.57,,594

.30fl,204

270,647

109,4<>8

82,7.30

61,007

16,167

l(i,,529

3,0! KJ

Vnliie of the

liroductsofthe

Dairy.

.Sl,496,902

1,638,543

2,373,2!*!)

22:3,229

],37<i,.'>34

2,008,737

10,496,021

1,:328,0:32

3,187,2!t2

113,828

4,57,466

1,480,488

674,:349

.577,810

605,172

265,200

359,585

15:3,069

472,141

!t3I,36:3

1,948,869

742,269

428,175

I00,4:i2

.'i9,205

.301,052

2:{.094

35,677

2;),609

5,566

Value of tlip

products nl the

Orchard.

Sl,344,410 1 33,787,008

$149,334

23!>,979

38!t,I77

:32,0!t8

296,2:}2

2i:i,94.1

],701,!t:)5

464,006

618,179

28,21 1

105,740

705,765

386,006

.52,275

156,122

55,240

14,458

ll,76'!t

367,105

434,935

475,271

110,055

126,756

9(1,878

10,680

16,075

1,035

37

50

3,507

7,256,904

Viiluc of
home made, or
family goods.

$804,397

538,303

231,942

51,180

226,162

674,548

•1,6.36,547

201,625

l,:!03,()9:i

62,116

176,030

2,441,672

1,41:3,242

!i:iO,7(K3

1,467,6:)0

1,6,56,119

682,!t45

65.1!»0

2,886,661

2,622,162

l,85:!,!':t7

1,28! 1,902

99;!,567

14; 1,544

•18! 1,750

li:i,955

20,205

12,567

25,966

1,500

Value of produce VHlucofpro

of market gar- duce of iiursi

dencrs riea &■ florist:

29,023,380

$51,579

18,085

28:3,!K)4

67,741

61,i«6

16,276

4!H),126

24!I,C13

2:12,912

4,035

1:33,197

92,359

28,475

38,187

19,346

31,978

42,896

240,042

1!»,812

125,071

!)7,606

61,212

71,911

37,181

2.736

4,051

11.7,58

3,106

2,170

b2,8!(5

2,601,196

Number of
men employ-
ed.

593,534

9,55:3

t:M

roi.. XV. vo. 3n.

AND It 0 R T I C U L T V R A L R E Ci 1 S T E H

i8l

VIAIIKS ON TIIK ACiKlCUI/rUKAI. STA-
TISTICS.

) coniioxiuii «'-iili the f»ri';;iiiiii; TabiiUr View,
decini'd mipurtant tu add annic gciiornl rcinnrk:!

sfcrcncc to ihecrop* of ]64\, and also particii-
relatin; to tlio various arlicloii cniimeratod,
thr> prospects of tlio country willi regard to

I for years to come.

his tabular vienr han been prepared from tbc
118 statistics taken in 18-40, upon tlie aj^riciiltii-
roductii of the year 18;t"J as the basis. 'J'hoao
been carefully compBreil and estimated by a
rious examination and condensing of a great
Jer of agricultural papers, reports, &-c. through-
he Union, together witli such other infonna-
as could bo obtained by recourse to individu-
from every srcliun ot the country. It is
Ted to be as correct as nith the present data
)e reached, althongli, could the entire atlen-
f a competent person be devoted to the pro-
on of on annual register, to be formed by
ting, comparing, and classifying the various
of intelligence, and conducting un extensive
spondonce with reference to this subject, an
nt of statistical and other information rcla-
to the ngricukurnl products of our countiy |
be furnushed, which would be exceedingly '
ble to tiie whole nation, and a hundred fold
than repay nil the expenditure for accom-
ng Uie object 'J'lie statistics professedly de- |
from ihe census, which have been published
g the past yetr in various papers and journals,
ry incorrect, as any one can assure himself
niparing them with the recapitulation just
from the census bureau, by direction of the
tary of State. They were probably copied
ie rclurn.i of the marshals of the Uistrict.s,
they hud been suitably compared and cor-

e estimates of the foregoing Tabular View

lubtlcss more closely accurate with regard to

portions of the country than others. The

rous aoricultural societies in some of the

I, with the reports and journals devoted to

ranch of industry, afford a means of forming

in estimate ls is not to be found in others.

6 of this description, giving a continued re-

f the crops, improvements in seeds, and means

ture, and direction of labor, are more to be

on in this matter than the mere political or

ercial journal.'', as they cannot be suspected,

<#iese latter, of any design of forestalling or

ts'ise influencing the market, by their weekly

«onth;v report of the crops. Portions, too, of

islnsus statistics have probably been more ac-

jrMly taken than others. In assuming Ihem as

sis, rel'crence most also be had to the Bniiiial

se of our population, equal to from ;300,000

,000, and in some of the States reaching as

r s 10 pir cent., as estimated by the ten years

the year 1H40, and also to the diversion

)r fniin the works of internal improvement

on by the States, in consequence of which

nsumcr has become the producer of agricul-

ducts, the prices of articles raised, &c., with

riou.-) other causes which might occasion an

se or a decrease in the products of each

and the sum total of agricultural supply.

nieiiient reference, iho census return, total

population of each State, and also the esti-

population according to annual increase,

are added to the tabic, in separate column?, besidu
each other.

Tliu crops of Ity.l, on which the rcmms stslis-
lies are founded, were, as appears froui the notices
of that year, very abundant in relation to nearly
every product throughout the whole country ; in-
deed, unusually so, compared with the years pre-
ceiling. Tobacco niiiy be con^iidercd un exception ;
it is described to have been generally a short crop.
The crops of the succeeding year are likewise
charaiteri/.ed as abundant. Tho (.uccess which
had atlended industry in 18'<'>, stimulated many to
outer upon a larger cultivation of the various arti-
cles produced, whilo the stagnation of other bran-
ches of business drew to the same puisuit a new
addition to the laboring force of the population. i
Similar irnuses operated also to a considerable
extent the past year. In 1841, the season may be!
said to have been less favorable in many respect^ ,
than in the two preceding ones ; but the increase !
of the laboring h>rce, and the amount of soil-culli-j
vatcd, render tho aggregate somewhat larger. Had 1
the season been equally favorable, wo might proba-i
biy have rated the increase considerably higher, as i
tlie annual average increase of the grains, with po-
tatoes, according to the a-nnual increase of our
population, is about 30 millions of bushels. Por-
tions of the country suffered much from a long
drought during the last summer, which affected un-
favorably the crops more particularly liable to fee!
its influence, especially grain, corn and potatoes.
In other parts, also, various changes of the weather
in the summer and autumn, lessened the amount of
their staple products below what might have been
gathered, had the season proved favorable. Still,
there has bi'en n<i decisive failure, on the whole,
in any State, se as to render importation necessary,
without tho means of payment in some equivalent
domestic product, as has been the case in some for-
mer years, when large importations were made to
supply tho deticiency, at cash prices. In the year
1837, not less than 3,921,259 bushels of wheat
were imported into tho United States. We have
now a large surplus of this and other agricultural
products for exportation, were a market opened to
receive them.

A glance at the specific crops is all that can be
given. Some notice of this kind seems necessary,
and may be highly useful to those who wish to
embrace, in a narrow compass, the results of the
agricultural industry of our country : —

H'heat. — This is one of the great staple products
of several States, the soil of which seems, by a
happy combination, to be peculiarly fitted for iLs
culture. Silicioua earth, as well as lime, appears
to form a requisite of the soil to adapt it for rais-
ing wheat to the greatest advantage, and the want
of this has hr.en suggested as a reason for its not
proving so successful of cultivation in some por-
tions of our country. Of the great wheat-growing
States, during the past year, it may be remarked
that, in New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and
the Southern Stntes, this crop seems not to have
repaid so increased an harvest as was promised
early in the season. Large quantities of seed
were sown, and the expectation was deemed war-
ranted of an unu.siially iihundant increase. But
the appearance of the chinch bug and other clu es
de.stroyed these hopes. Of all the States Ohio
stands foremost in the production of wheaL About
one sixth of the whole amount of the wheal crop
of the country is raised by this State.

The value of this crop in our country is so uni-

versally lolt, thai Its imporlanro will bo at once ac-
knowledged. Tho whole oggreguto oniouni of
wheat rni-icd >» ! > 1 ,1 >-i2,ll57 hushelH, which is nearly
equal to that of CJrent nritnin, the wheat crop of
which does not annually cxcood IOO,000,UO<I bash-
els.

Biirlcy. — Comparatively little of this grain la
rMi:!ed In Ibis country, with tho exception of New
York. Maine, Ohio, P>'niisylv«nia, Michigan,
Massachusetts, New llampshire, and Illinois, rank
next 08 producers of this crop As it in raised
principally to supply malt for tho brewery, and
small quantities of it only are used for the food of
animals, or for bread, no great increase in this pro-
duct is to be onticipated. Tho crop of 1841 ap-
pears to huvc been Komewhat loss than tho usual-
one in proportion to the populotion.

Outs. — This grain in several of tho States )■
evidently deemed an important object of cultiva-
tion, and lr\rge quantities of it are annually pro-
duced. As compared with wheat, it has tho pre-
cedence in all of them, with the exception of
.M.iine, Maryland, Ohio and Georgia. New York
takes the lead in the amount raised. Then fol-

s very cfosely, Pennsylvania; then Ohio, Vir-
ginia, Indiana, Tennessee, and Kentucky. It is a
lavori.te crop, too, in the New Kngland States. The
crop of oots in 1841, is believed to liavc been
somewhat below a full one, hnd may therefore be
considered as not having been so successful as
some others, although large quantitii'S of the seed
were sown in the Stales where they are most
abundantly cultivated.

Rye. — This species of grain is mostly confined
to a few States. The proportion which it bears to
the other grains is probably greater in the New
Kngland States than in any other section of our
conntry. There it likewise, to some extent, forms
an article of food for the people. Pennsylvania,
New York, New Jersey, Virjjinia, Kentucky, Ohio,
and Connecticut, may Ijo ranked as the chief pro--
diicers of this crop; at leas, tiiese are omong the
States where it bears the ^-eattst relative propor-
tion to t-he other Important crops. In 1841, it ex-
perienced, in some di'gree, similar vicissitudes wit|i
the other grains, and must likewise be estimated
as below the increased crop which a more favora-
ble season would probably have produced. The
product of this crop is extensively used in many
[)art8 of our country for distillation, although the
quantity thus applied has probably materially les-
sened within the few years past, and will doubtless
hereafter undergo a still greater reduction.

Buchwheat. — This must be reckoned among the
crops of minor interest in our country. With tho
exception of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jer-
sey, Ohio, Connecticut, Virginia, Vermont, Michi-
gan and New Hampshire, very little attention
seems to bo gifen to the cAlti.re of this grain. In
Kngland, it is principally' cultivated that it may be
cut in a green state as fodder for cnttle, and the
seed is u.sed to feed pou''ry. In this country it is
also applied in a similar manner ; and is soinetimea
plowed in, as a means of enriching the soil. To
a limited extent, tho grain is further used as an
article of food. The crop of 1841 may be consid-
ered as, on the whole, above an average one. This
may in part be attributed to the fjct that when
some of the other and e.irlier crops failed, resort
was had to buckwheat, as a later crop, more exten-
sively than is usual. It is a happy feature in the
! adaptation of our climate, that the vari'^iies of pro-
' ducts are so great as to enable the agriculturist

'2S4

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MARCH 0, 184

often thus tfi supply the deficiency in an earlier
crop, by <rrcater ntlenlion to a later one. There
was more buckwheat sown tlian is commonly the
case, niid the yield was such as to compensate for
the labor and cost of culture.

Maize or Indian Corn. — Tciinessec, Kenluclty,
Ohio, Virginin, and Indiana, are, in their order,
the greatest producers of this, kind of crop. In
Illinois, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mis-
Bouri, Pennsylvania, Sonlh Carolina, New Vork,
Maryland, Arkiinsaa, and ihe N>w Kn^rlnnd States,
it appears to be a very favorite crop. In New
Kiii^iand, especially, the aggregate if greater than
in any of the grains except oats. More diversity
seems to have existed in this crop, indifTenvit parts
of Ihe country the past year, than with most of the
other products of the foil; and lience it is much
more dilTicult to form a satisfactory general esti-
mate. In some sections Ihe notices are very favo-
rable, and speak of " good crops," as in portions of
New England ; of "a more than average yield," as '
in New Jersey ; of being " abundant," as in parts
of Georgia; »r, "on the whole, a good crop," as
in Missouri; "on the whole, a tolerable one,"- as
in Kentucky. In others, the language is of " a
short crop," as in Maryland; or " cut olT," as in
North Carolina; or "below un average," as in
Virginia. On the whole, however, from the best
estimate which can be made, it is believed to have
equalled, if it did not exceed, an average crop.
■J he improvement continually making in the quali-
ty of the seed (and this remark is likewise applica-
ble, in various degrees, lo other products,) augurs
well for the productiveness of this indigenous crop,
as it has been found that new varieties are suscep-
tible of being used to great advantage. Consider-
ed as an article of food for man, and also for the
domestic animals, it takes a high rank.

I'otatots. — The tabular view shows that in quite
a number of States the amount of potatoes raised
is very great. New York, Maine, Pennsylvania,
Vermont, New Hampshire, Ohio, Massachuselts,
and Connecticut, are the great potato-growing
States; more than two thirds of the whole crop
are raised by these States. 'I'wo kinds, the com-
mon Irish and the sweet potato, as they are called,
with the numerous varieties, are embraced in onr
agricultural statistics. When it is recollected
that this product of our soil forms a principal arti-
cle of vegetable food among so large a class of our
population, its value ^. iilat once be seen. The
best common or Irish olatoes, as an article of
food for the table, arc produced in Ihe higher
northern latitudes of our country, as they seem to
require a colder and moister soil than corn and the
grains generally. It is on their peculiar adapta-
tion in this respect, that Ireland, Nova Scotia, and
parts of Canada are so peculiarly successful in
the raising and perfecting of the common or Irish
potatoes.

The crop of potatoes in 1841 sufTered considera-
bly in many parts of the country, and perhaps came
nearer to a failure than has been known for some
years. In portions of New England and New
York, this was particularly the case. In other
sections, however, if a correct judgment may be
formed from the notices of the crop, there appears
to have been a more than average increase. In
proportion to her population, Vermont may be con-
sidered foremost in the cultivation of potatoes.

Un;/. — This product was remarkably successful
during the past year in particular sections of our
country — in others less so. In Maine, and in tho

New England States generally, there was more 1
than an average yield. In New York, which ranks
highest in the tabular view, it was lighter than ]
usual. In New Jersey and the middle States gen-
erally, it was considered "good;" in the more
Southern and Southwestern one.'!, little, compara-
tively, is cultivated. In the Norlhwestern State.8
it appears to have been about an average crop.

Flar and Hemp. — More difficulty has been found
in forming an estimate of these two articles than
any other embraced in the tabular view. They
are combined in the census statistics, and the
amount is sometimes given in tons, sometimes in
pounds, so that it is not ensy always to discriminate
between them. More than half of the whole com-
bined amount must probably be alotted to flax, as
but little hemp, comparatively, is known to be
raised. Flaxseed is used for the manufacture of
linseed oil, con.'iderable quantities of which are
annually imported into this country for various pur-
poses. The oil cake remaining after the oil is ex-
pressed, is a well known article in use, mingled
with the food of horses and other animals. In
these articles of flax and hemp comBincd, if the
recapitulation of the census statistics is correct,
Virginia is in advance of all the other Statrs. Ken-
tucky probably ranks the highest with respect to
tho production of hemp. Tho crop of 1810 was a
great failure, and that of the past year also suflTered
much from the dry weather.

Tobacco. — The crop of J 839, in this article, on
I which the census statistics are founded, is deemed,
as appears from the notices on this subject, to have
I been a short one, and below the average. The
crop of the past year was much more favorable —
beyond an average ; indeed, it is described in
j some of the journals as " large."

Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina,
I and Maryland are the great tobacco-growing States.
I In Conncclicut, the attention devoted lo it has
' been rewarded with much success : 100,000 pounds
I are noticed os the product of a single farm of not
I more than fifty acres. Considerable quantities,
I also, were raised in 1811 in Pennsylvania and Mas-
I sachusetts, where it may probably become an ob-
I ject of increased attention. The agriculturists of
' these States, if they engage in the production of
j this crop, will do so with some peculiar advanta-
j ges. They are accustomed to vary their crops,
land to provide means for enriching their soils. To-
bacco, as it is well known, is an exhausting crop,
I especially so when it is raised successive years on
' the same portions of soil. The extraordinary crops
of tobacco which have heretofore been obtained,
hiivc, indeed, enriched the former proprietors, but
I the present generation now find themselves, in too
, many instances, in the possession of vast fields,
[ once fertile, that are now almost or wholly barren,
i from an inattention to the rotation of crops. The
[ difficulty of cultivating a worn-out soil has indu-
ced, and will conlimie to induce, the emigration of
1 the most enterprising to new lands, where they
will bear in iniud tho lessons that dear-bought ex-
perience has taught them. It is a provision of
Nature herself, that there must be a suitable rota,
lion of crops ; and all history sanctions the conclu-
sion, that the continued cultivation of any specific
crop, without an adequate supply of the means of
restoration from year to year, must eventuolly nnd
inevitably terminate in impoverishing its posses-
sors, and entailing on them the necessity of remo-
val from their native homes, if they would not sink
in degradation. Had a variety and rotation of crops

been resorted to on the lands now so left, the coi
tries sufi'ering by such a course had been far
rich and prosperous.

The value of tobacco exported in different ft
in 18il), was 310,440,15.'), and the amountof
bacco exported in 1640, was about 144,i
pounds. The greater part of this goes to Eng]
Prance, Holland and Germany.

Cotton. — This, it is well known, is the
staple product of several States, as well
great article of our exports, the price of wliicl
the foreign market, has been more relied on
any thing else lo influence favorably the cxchai
of this country with Great Britain and Europe
crally. Tho cotton crop of the United Slati
more than one half of the crop of the whole wi
In !8.'?4, the amount was but about 450,000,|
pound:! ; the annual average now may be eslji
ted at 100,000,000 pounds more; the value ol
for export at about *-62,000,000. 'I'he rise
progress of this crop since the invention of
ney's cotton gin, has been unexampled in the
tory of agricultural products. In the year V
eight bales of cotton were seized on board of
American brig, at the Liverpool custom-house, Im
cause it was not believed that so much col
could have been sent at one time from the Uni
States !

Rice. — This product is cultivated to com
lively a very little extent in the United States,
cept in South Carolina and Georgia. In the
mer of these, it is an object of no small attcntIS
and ranks second only to cotton. It forms a cot
siderahle article of export from this country to
rope. England, however, imports annually li
quantities of rice from India. The crop of rii
1841 is said to have been, on the whole, a
good one, equal, if not superior, to the usual
rage.

Silk Cocoons Notwithstanding the disap

nicnt of many who, siwce the year 163'J, cngagi
the culture of the morus mullicaulis nnd othei
rioties of the mulberry, and tho raising of
worms, there has been, on the whole, a stead
crease in the attention devoted to this bran(
industry. This may be, in part, attributed tol
ease of cultivation, both as to time and labor fl
quired, and in no small degree, also, to the
that, in twelve of the States, a special bounl
paid for the production of cocoons, or of the<
silk. Several of these promise much hcreafU
this product, if a reliance can be placed on th(
timates given in the various journals more part
larly devoted to Ihe record of the productio
silk. There seems, at least, no ground for al
doning the enterprise, so successfully begun, ofi
ing to supply our home consumption of this iil^
tnnl article of our imports. The climate of
country, from its Southern border even up t I ^.j'
degrees of north latitude, is suited to the cultOI
silk. It needs only a rational and unflinchiaf
volion to this object, to place our country
among the greatest silk-producing countries ol
world.

Sugar. — Louisiana is the greatest sugar dii
of our country. The crop of 1841 appears to
been injured by the early frosts; the
therefore, was not so great as that of 1839^!
nearly one third.

The progress of the sugar manufacture and'
gain upon our imports has been rapid. In li
the import of sugars was l!t.5,2.'ll,i!7;l pounds,
expense of at leaet $10,000,000; in 1840,

IH]

seil

ik

Ol.. XX. NO. 3a

A N D H 0 11 T I C (J L T IT R A L R p] G I S T E R ,

28.5

H)0,U(10 [Liiimls, nt an o.x(ifn.io of tnnro than
JO.OOO. .\ portion or (Ins naa iiiidiiubtcUly
rlod, lull most of it roinsincd for lioiiio con-
lion. More tlian .'lO.OOO.K.K) ponndH of «U|;ar,
fruiii tlio inapio and tlio beet root, woro prii-
d in 18-tl, in tlic Nortliorn, Middle, nnd West-
Sltiti's ; and, should tlio production of cornstalk
sucoood, as It now proniiNo.i to do, lliis nrli-
ust contribute greatly lo Icsaen the amount of
trd sugars,

;ir. — Norlli Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia,
, and Indiana rank hi;;licst, in their order, in
production of wino. In Maryland, Georgia,
iiana, .Maine and Kentucky, somo thousands
lions are likewise produced. Two acres in
sylvnnia, cultivated by somo Germans, have
asl nimiinn yielded 1,500 gallons of the pure
of llic grnpc, and paid a nctt prolil of more
.■SIOOO. Still, the qunnlity produced is small,
culuvilion of both the native and foreign
, as a fruit for the table, seems to be an ob-
if increasing interest in particular sections of
;ouiilry ; but any very decided odvances in
iroduct are scarcely to be expected.

has thus been attempted to give at least a
i-cyc view of the articles enumerated in the
ar statistics. There are also a variety of olh-
iducts which might, perhaps, have been inclu-
n the agricultural statistics. These are hops,
beans, beets, turnips, nnd other roots and veg-
es ; the products of the dairy, of the orchard,
f the bee-hive ; wool, live slock, and poultry.
■ interesting comparisons in relation to some
D above might be formed from the census sta-
, such as would exhibit in a sinking manner
sources our country possesses in the products
r soil and the labor of her hardy yeomanry ;
: has been deemed best to omit them in the
nt report, merely iubjoining the census sta-
s on these particular articles lo the tabular
Yet, in estimaling the home supply for the
nance and comfort both of man and beast,
• too should always be token into the occount,
very important item deserving notice.
»e whole of the summary now given, with the
glance taken at the various products, presents
:ountry as one richly favored of Heaven in
lie and soil, and abounding in agricultural
th Probably no country can be found on the
of the globe, exhibiting a more desirable va-
oftlie products of ihe soil, contributing lo the
nance and comfort of its happiness. From ,
Gulf of -Mexico to our Northern boundary,
the Atlantic to the far West, the peculiari-
of climate, soil, and products, are great and
iblc. Vet these advantages admit of being in-
ieil more than an hundred fold. The whole
egatc of the bread stuffs, corn and potatoes, is
51^,510 bushels — which, estimating our present
lation at 1 7,8:3.'>,2 1 7, is about 35 2-3 bushels
ach inhabitant ; and, allowing 10 bushels to

person — man, woman, and child — (which is
Ic the usual annual allowance as estimated in
ipe) — and we have a surplus product, for seed,
of stock, the purposes of manufacture and ex-
olion, of not less than 4-lG,166,340 busliels ;

which, if we deduct one tenth of the whole
unl of the crops for seed, it leaves for food of
k, for manufactures and exportation, a surplus
t least 370,G5.3,()27 bushels. Including oats,
aggregate amount of the crops of grain, corn,
potatoes, is equal to nearly 7.5.5,200,000 bnsh-
or 42 1-3 bushels to each inhabitant. The

niiiiiber ofpirson.^ imiil.iyid in ngriciilturo, accord- mill a VB»l debt, Ihnl can only bo honestly cancell-
111;; to tho census of I8'J0, wbh .■i,7l7,75(i. 'I'hiii, ed by much luinl irark.

It H prcHnmed, refers to the male free white adult | Notwithstanding all this, tho daily importation
population. \,f good* (including many articles of luxury) goo*

[Here follow remarks upon the extracting oil | forward to n truly alarming extent; Iwo Ihinla of

and sugar from corn; of oil from the castor bean,
&c., which wc may give in a future paper. Mr
Ellsworth closes with the following just ubscrva-
lions:]

While Great Britain and other foreign countries
have steadily pursued a policy designed nnd obri-
onsly tending to exclude our agriciillural products
from their trade, it becomes nn object of no small
consequence to us to evince, as the foregoing sta-
tistics have done, how much wealth we possess in
our .surplus products of wheat, and various other
articles of food, together with tho prospective in

ichich are on J'urri^^n nrcoinil, (o be pitid for in spe.
cit or its tqiiivntcnl ! Without tlie nilmitled m<'ani
of liquidating the balances against us in foreign
countries, wo seem still madly bent on increasing
them. Eleven nnd n. half iiiillinns of dollars in
specie were shipped from the single port of New
Vi>rk within the hficen montliH preceditig January,
1812; and with such a drain going on continually,
every dollar of specie in the United States will
.soon be in:>nffirienl lo meet our liabilities abroad.
Stern necessity, however, will ore long extend her
laws over us, compelling iis lo limit our oxpondi-
crease of these and other products suited lo call | I'^cs to the actual income, nnd lo elVcLt exchanges
out the enterprise and industry of our people, and of ot agricultural products, either at homo or
which, on a fair reciprocity with foreign nations, ' "'•road, for the products of mechanical skill and
night greatly contribute to develope and enlarge \ industry. This would be the case, even were the

the resources of our country. Should prolectiv
duties abroad continue to exclude our surplus pro-
ducts, the channels of present industry must be di-
verted lo meet the emergency. It may be well for
us to learn what makes us truly independent, and
also happy. Kxtravagance in coiiiiniinitics, as
well as in individuals, leads to inevitable embar-
rassment. Credit may, indeed, be used for a while
as a palliative, but the only effectual remedy is re-
trenchment and economy. When a constant

amount of our surplus product likely lobe lessened.
Vet there is no reason to apprehend that our sur-
plus products will be diminished. On the contra-
ry, the stoppage of numerous canals, railroads, and
other works of internal improvement by the States,
will dismiss many laborers, who will resort lo agri-
culture and kindred pursuils ; so that the amount
of products r.iised will probably exceed (hose of
former years. The extensive tracts, too, of our
nnoccnpied soil invite emigration to our shores ;

drain of the precious metals is pressing us to meet , ^"^ when wc consider the present extreme distress
the expenditures of our people for foreign imports, '" portions of the manufacturing districts of Great
nnd when foreign nations encourage a home policy j Britain, we are doubtless to expect a largo increase
by prohibitory duties on our products, .i becomes a'*"'" our population in future years from this c^use.

serious question with us how far and in what di-
rections the industry now expended in raising a
surplus beyond our own wants, can be diverted to
other objects of enterpiise. To decide a question
of such magnitude and interest, reference must
obviously be had to the articles imported, to deter

It is staled on high nulhority, that ns many as
20,000 persons die annually in Great Britain, from
the want of sufficient and wholesome food. Let
the fact of our vast surplus product of tho bread
stuffs and other articles of food become known
abroad, and is it not reasonable lo look for increas-

inine what can be raised or produced in imr own '"S additions to the emigration from Burope to this
country ; and possibly it may be found that most of country ?— especially since the distance is now, as
the leading articles, either of necessity or luxury, '' '^ere, so much shortened, that a voyage may be
thus supplied, can be raised and perfected to advan-C°nipassen in 12 or 15 days. A line of steam
lage by the labor and skill of our own inhabitants. [P'^c'^et'i 'oo. '"^ '" conlcmplation, lo run from Bre-
The remedy thus lies ^within our own power. Our ['"en to one of our ports, with the design principally
true policy is to give'variety and stability to our of conveying emigrants, which, no doubt, will
productive industry. Extraordinary prices in par- [prove tho means of bringing to ns n hardy, indus-
ticular crops inevitably lead to dangerous extremes 'r'""-^ German population, most of whom will prob-
in the culture of the same, to the neglect of the ably engage in agriculture. With these additions
usual and necessary articles of produce. Cupidity | '" ''^^r laboring force, our growing country, if she
soon urges even the agriculturist into a spirit of ' be true to herself, offers an unwonted scope for
speculation, which too often terminates in great 1 exertion. The diversities of her climate, the va-
embarrassment, nnd sometimes in niter ruin. The i r'eties of her soil, her peculiar combination of pop-
credulity of Americans is provorbial ; and this has, I'lalion, her mineral, animal, agricultural, meclmni-
to some extent, been illustrated in the almost uni- j =»'' ""'' commercial wealth, developed as they may
versal mania thai attended the morn* mu/(icaWii 1 •*«= by a rightful regard lo her necessities, might
speculation: a single sprout sold for one dollar, ! 'hus place her at last in a situation as enviable for
when millions might be produced in one season. ' ''^r political and moral inlluence, as for the phy-
Incredulity, likewise, is sometimes vet more inju- i ^'Ci' energies she had called into life and action,
rious lo a community, as this shuts out all the light Our republic needs, indeed, only to prove her own
which science pouts in, and rests contented with ! ^'rength, nnd wisely direct her energies, to become
following the beaten path of traditionary leaders. | ^°^^ 1''°" «''o ''='s ever been, the point on which
Happy would it be for our country if the spirit of ll'^ ^^^ "^ »" Europe is fixed, ns a home of plenty

.investigation and severe experiment should induce

effort to lest principles, without diverting it from

those channels of industry that will assuredly

bring the comforts of life. The balance of trade
■ against us, resulting from our improvidence, can
I no longer be settled, or, rather, as it might be said, to our space.]

' postponed by ihe remittance of State securities, "

' which seem to have run a brief career, leaving ^ man that is content with little, has enough.

for the destitiite, and a field where enterprise reaps
ils sure and appropriate rnward.

[We have been compelled, though reluctantly,
to abridge very considerably the valuable remarks
of the Commissioner, in order lo accommodate them

286

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 9, 18

A.Vn IIOiniCULTlKAl, RFOISTER.

Boston, Wednesday, March 9, 1842.

STATISTICS OF AGRICUI/rURt;.

The labl<>8 we give in this pnper iiro prolmbly llio
most (iirrrct and valuable upon thi< subjcot, thai can be
had for rtf»'r«nc« for leu years to cnmc. The lion. H
W. KJIsvvcirllr, Commissioner of I'alenis at Wnsliington,
himaclf a zealous friend of ihe agricultural interests, lias
superintended llieir constiuclion and eoireciion, from
the census returns, llisown comments upon tlicni are
more viiluablo thai) can be made l>y almost any other
man in tlie country. We liavo no idea of apologizing
for giving so much space to this matter. The tables
will be in<er<pling to nil of our readers who wish to
know any thing concerning the exfnl of the agricultural
interests ol the nation, and concerning the prineipal [;ro-
ductiims ol the several Stoics. Apart from any iinmc-
ale ami direct interest ihat will be taken in this pipor,
its value for reference well entitles it to republication in
pages that are so generally prescived and bound us ours.

serviceable to grass lands 10 roll Ihcni early in ihe spring. I it more friable; fino gravel or sand will d.) thls;1
Thus you replace the earth around the grass roots which I yournmnurcs for this lot will be better if comp|^
the Host has thrown oway. You press down the i with these articles, than if mixed with heavy
bunches and the small stones which would obstruct the , loam, or will. muck. A compost, half dung ant)

!»(.£«!'

FARM WORK.— FUEL--PRUNING.
The usual time flir nctual commenceinoiit of field la
bora in Ibis vicinity, is about the first week in April.
Previous to that time, the fuel for the year should be
collected and worked up. The winter has been so mild,
that many of the swarnps fiom which wood is usually
taken in the winlcr, have not been lirm^frizen, and
Ihe absence of snow has rendered many other wood lots
inaccessible. The quantity of fuel ciilhcted around the
farm-hoiiscB now, is probably inuch lees than is usual at
this season of t'lo year. There may Ije opporlunity to
use the sled yet ; and there probably will b'^ tint gond
sicding is not to be exprcled. On many farms it »ill
be well to give the old apple trees — the old forest trees
in pastures and around fields — the willows by the brook.

scythe.

Collars, traces, chnins, yokes, bows, carls, hoes, shov-
els, manure furks, and numerous oilier articles, should
be looked up and put in order for use.

A man's success in farming depends much upon the
manner in which he does bis work. Thorough tillage
is the most profitable. But this cannot well be accom-
plished without good thiols. The benefits of a good
plow are not confined exclusively to the ease of draft ;
but they extend to the crop. Where the eaitli to the
depth of six or eight inches, is all well taken up and
turned over, the roots of the plants will work better
ihan where a f purlh, a sixth or an eighth of tlie soil is
(eft unmoved by the plow. We believe that Ihe econo-
my (.f getting good tools is not fully understood by n
vast number of those who till the soil. When the
greater amount of work thai can be performed, and ihe
better quality of the uork, arn both taken into the ac-
count, it may he shown that the money required f^>r Ihe
purchase of good implements will be profilably invested.

fine gravel, will be butler on heavy, tenacious sniliJ
on peat meadows, tlian pure dung. On ihe cola
now referred to, the manure should be kept neil
surflice and some ol it put in the hill.

If you intend to put |K)lotoes on any ptirtion of
heavy .-oil, you may put ihc compo-l of dun^' and
el in liie hill, but put in the hill also, something]
will give the potatoes a loose and airy bed.
stalks of Indian corn, old potato vines, rotten
fine brush, brakes, ferns, or any thing of the kind]
answer the purpose.

If you arc to put potatoes on n light and poroo
these substances are not so needful in Ihe hill, but I
they would be of great service. Also a sprinklinl
salt and lime — two parts lime and one of salt, whieh]
hem mixed for scTcral weeks, will be of great sen
either in or on ihe hill, for this is one of the niusti
ing applications that can be made to the earth.

PLANS FOR THE SEASON.

What arc you iriiemling to do on your farm the com-
ing season .' You mean, no doulil, to sow grain, plant
corn and potatoes, <S:c. You know where you shall
BOW, and on what lau<i you shall plant. Very well so
far. 3ul this is not enough. You ought now lo liave
thought of the peculiar properties of the soil of each lot
on which you aru to operate, and to have judged what
kind of crop is best suited to each particular lot and to
the crop that is lo.gtow upon it. You should know too,
how many hiails of manure you can spare to each field,
prohnlily. By l')ad we mean about 43 cubic feet, or one
third of the cord ol \2S feet. These general points
should be sel lied, before the spring, work commences.
The outlines of the season's work should be well defined

&c. &c., a thorough pruning. By this course, much and distinct in the mind. For then you may give direc-

good summer fuel may be procured. And though it
mav be better for the trees to prune in May than in
March, yet since the labor can be ruuch bettirr spared
now than afler the planting season comes on, we advise
farmers to be trimming the trees, colluding the brush,
and working it up.

TfJOLS.

Plows. Soon these iiiiplcments will be wanted. If
you have wrou«;ht iron shares, have tliem sharpened
now, while you can conveniently spi.ro the horss and
yourself lo go to ihe hlacksmilh's, and while he is not
pressed wiili work. If you use the cast iron, see that
your points are in good order ; always have at least one
spare point for each plow on hand.

Ifarriiw. Tliii iiislruiiieiit is not used enough. All
sward land should be h.irrowed lengthwise ihe furrow
and then cp sswise. Thus llio land works easier through
the season, and the crops are better. Let the teeth of
the harrow he sharpened.

Roller. Many farmerH are yet williout ihis instru-
ment of liunliandry. Pome with whom we converse,
gieatly misunderstand its action upon the land. It is
siipposeil by Ihein ihal llio only effect is to consolidate
or harden Ihe soil ItuI no oilier instrument does more
than ihis to pulverize or make fine, especially where
the soil is luvipij. Let llic roller preccdi' the harrow,
and then Iho land harrows up tery mellow. It is well,
also, lo Icl it follow Ihe harrow and slightly compress
iho surface of light lands where grain is sown ; and it Is

lions lo others wiih promptness, or you may go on reso-
lutely Willi the work, if you are doing ii with your own
hands. You can lell as well now as in April what kind
of grain will probably do best on the land you intend to
lay down — you can tell how much and what kind of
grass seed you shall want. Tlieiln things should be ob-
tained in good season, before Ihc spring work drives.

You know very well that your unmixed barn and hog
manure has never lasted long on that plain field where
you intend to plant corn. The soil is so warm and
loose, ihat audi manures there ducomf.oso very rapidly,
iind though they nourish the crop well in the early pan
of the season, they fail in the laller part of summer.
Wlialever manure of this kind you put on thai (irid,
should be mixed with a good supply of swamp muck that
has bocn/ro:cn or tlrUd, or wiili clay, or both, aiol into
the compost should be put ashes, lime, or plaster, ac.
cording as ihn one or ihe other is found must useful to
your sfiil. Such a compost well worked into your po-
rous land, will be more enduring than pure dung.
Here the whole should bo spread, and the crop should
nut be hilled.

But you know equally well that the sloping lot near
Ihe liaot of the hill, which you intend to plant, is cold,
and that the lonnure does not work well in the earl)
pari ol the season-, hero the meadow mud or muck
would imhibe too much moisture, and would not under-
go decomposition with sufticienl readiness lo mike it
valuable. This soil being liable to beco.ne lumpy and
bu covered with a hard criisl, needs somclhing to make

FENCES.

Have you ascertained how many railsand posuJ
are to want this spring, in order to put the fenc*
good condition .' It is lime lliat they were ct
be sharpening the rails and morticing the posts,
soon as the frosl is well out of the ground, the
inav be attended to.

Will tliQt old gate post answer another season ?•
the gate hold together. Either repair now, or get|
things in readiness for repair at the proper tiioe.

THE WEATHER.

Up lo the morning of Saturday, March 5, the
ness ol the weather was very unusual for the sesaa.
We aru told that a few nectarine and peach buili,h
warm situations begin to "show their colors;" and ■•
learned also that on Friday a tanker, worm, bona SA
toorm, was found by one of our distinguished horlicflt.
turists in Roxbury. The buds on very mnny trees m
much swollen. On Satuiday morning, after a sliowM,
with lightening and thunder, the wiml came fiom tW
North Kosl, and indicated a disposition to give iis irinttr

)

LEATHER CHII'S AS MANURE

Mr Editor — Will you or tome of your corrcspo*
dents have the goodness, lo tell inc the valfie of a c
or two of the shavings of tanned leather, which hli
been oiled .' Is it worth any thing for manure?
seems 10 be insiduble. What is the best melhod of
ing il ? For what crops «ill it be the nuist eflicuioui'

By answering the foregoing questions, you will utiligl
Your friend. Ah iNquiiiCK.

Can any one give us help •" — Eu.

Ornamental Farming. — It is not inconsistent with tin
character of a farmer to be a man of laste. " God niaih
tlie country — man made the town." There is no reasOl
why oriiamenial ftftming should not b» eultivaled , atd
it is not inconsistent with the highest regarl to prolil, K
embellish our grounds and our habitations, and t<> rendu
our homes as beautiful ns a refined tasle can make ili«a.
If these high accumplishiiienls of taste slid menial iiilli-
vation can lender no service, and are unliliiiig 1 1 .ui lOh
proved agriculture, then, as Cheevor remarks, (i"d cal»
iKit appear as an archileel of practical wisdom, since hi
sky and oarlh arc every whire robed in beauty. — Dtf
Xolt.

The noblest work man can engage in, it
with an elevating powei upon a human soul..

io oper»l»
Chunnint.

91,. XX. fin. an.

AND H 0 R T I C L' L T URAL REGISTER

•287

I IIKKMOMKIUKAI,
Kri.Mtirilrotlhr Ni» F.iiciin,! Kitrniri.
he n)(*rmniiH*irr nt Itir (ittrHniuf (lie pri*prieli»r«
Vew Biiiclaiiil Fanner, llriKhion, M:im. in n ihailcd
ly rv|io«ure, (or the urrk rntling Mnrrhfi.

1SJ2.

I 6 A.M. I 12. M. |6,I'.M. | Wioil.

ri().\ .MAKKI:T.— .MoMi»t, Marcli 7, iti4U

K>-i>.>ilriir.itlh» Hum Kii|hinil K»riiirr.
.M.irket 2H& Bed Callle, 600 Sheep, and £2U

Es. — tSuf Callle La»t wook 's price* were not
hI, and we reduce our quoiaiions. A fovt clioice
taki-n al $0. Firi-l <]iialily, $.'> 50. Svoind

.«! 7.'> K 5 00. Tl.iiH qu.ilily, $:t 75 a 4 50.

.— Pull. One lot of wcllicrs at $2 ','."), 2 50 and
A lot at $4 00, 4 50, and 5 00.
■e. —A selccied lot at 4 and 5, and a lot at 3 3 4
1-4. Atrelnil, h-uin 4 1-3 to C.

WHOLESALE PRICES CI;RRE>T.

Corrected uUh great care, icccJil^.

JS. Herds Grass, $J 2S to 3 DO p.- rliushel. Red Top,
cents. Clover— Norlliern, lie— Southern, 12 to 13 c.
exi. 31 A\ to 1 S5 liu. Lucerne, 25 c i>cr ll>. Ca-
ed, S3 uO a 4 SO per hushol.

IN. The sales amount to nearly 40,000 liushels, ta-
icip.Tlljr !')• the dealers, at prices ranging from 60 to
ht c, and 56 a 55 tor yellow flat.

— Nonheni. Imshel — lo do. Round Yellow —

lo. Southern Flat Yellow 56 a 67— While ilo. 50 a —
/ — a — —Rye, Northern, no a S3 — Oats, South-
n 43— Northern do. 48 to 50— Beans, per hushel 76

JR. 1000 Mils. Ohio, in fair order, S6 12 1-2; 1500
uninsiiecled, part of the lot in poor order, •u 94 a
■ ■ ■ ; 500 hhls. Philadelphia, *6, 3 mos ; 300 do. do.
i9h , Genesee, S6 44 a C 50.
more, Howard Sireel, 4 mos. cr. t< 00 a — — <io.

rs a 6 Oil tlo. free of garlic, Ss 00 a Phila-

4 inos. S5 87 a 6 no — Fredcricksliurj, lowld 4
£7 a C 00 — Alexandria, wharf mounlain, 85 sr a
eorgolown, *6 00 a C 12— Richnionil Canal, 86 00 a

Ciiy,»6 75 — Pelersliurgh, City Mills, S6 00 a 6 25
3unty S5 75 a 5 67 — Genesee, common, cash, *6 41 a
1 fancy brands S6 50 a 6 66 — Ohio Tia Canal,
6 37 Indian Meal in hlils., t3 00 a 3 2 ..
nSlO.NS. Sales by auction of a large parcel of
Ucrtised. ih: following was sold — 326 lihls Prime,.
6 62; 150 do. Mess, «» b7 a 8 90 per libl ; 50 do.

87 75 do. do, 1 14 do clear, Sll 87 do. do. 4 mos;
) hlls. wesiern Prime Beef, Si 12 a 1 37; 60 do mess.
5 75, 4 mos.
-.Mess, 4 mo. new bM. ii>25 8 9 5n — Navy — 38 00 a 8

1 S7 50 a 7 75— do Prime 85 00 a 5 50— Pork —
lear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a 12 50— do Clear ill a II !0
ess 39 00 a 9 50 — do Prime 87 00 a 8 00— do Mess
ler Stalea — a —

L. The slock of fleece Wool is not large, but of
lere is a good supply.

or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb, 47 a 50 c. — Amer-
1 llood.do 43 a 46 — Do 34 do 40 a 41— Do. 1-2 do
— 1-4 and common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Sheep,

20 a 26— Do. unwashed, 10 a U— Bengasi do

iaxony, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
licked, 12 u 16— Superfine .Northern pulled lamb 37
1 do. do. do. 35 a 37 — No. 2 do do do 25 a 30-
o do 18 a 20.

.About 60 bales haye been taken this week for
shipment, s(.|d we understand at 13c. per lb.

t, Mass. 1341 per lb 12 a 13.

, p'^r ton, 820 to 25— Eastern Screwed 319 to 20.
ESE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 lo 6c. — New 6 to9.
i. 16 a 25.

BITCATION WANTED

ARDNER— by one that has served a regular ap-
ihip in Europe, and has had seven years' experience
ounlry. The best of reference given. Address J.
LS oftice. March 9.

(J.\ltnK.\ AKI) FIKI.n NKKUS.

JOSEPH liKKCK & CO. have rccenc.l Iheir full supply
nt Garden and Field Secdi, whicli thai warrant to be pure
-nd li.-,h, n» follow.;

Enr'y IVilo Null! Peaa.

•' Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Wnafainfflvn do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowfat, 4.C.
While Alliingham Carrol
Long Orange do.

March 9.

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurl«l Boel.
.^iiuar do.
long Kiddo.
Early Turnip do.
Ruin Baga.

Turnips in great variety.
Early and Laie Beaus of
sorts.

UKASS SBKUS.

Noiihern and Somhern Clover -Seed— White Dulch dn.
— Lucerne- Herdn Grass— Red Top-Orchard Grass— Fowl
Meadow (Jross— Ont Grass, &c. Millet, Rape, Canary and
Heiiip Seed. Every variety of seed for A^ricnliurnl or
Horiicnllural purposes, may be obtained at the Agricultural
E^inblishmcnt, No 52 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

FLiUAVKR S»:KD8.

JOSEPH RRECK & CO , Nos. 61 and 52 North Mar- '
kei street, otfer for sale their usual variety of Flower Seeds,
comprising all ihat are desirable lor cultivation. <

Rn.sion, aiarch 9lh, 1842 j

SEBDS FOR HUT BKOS. |

The subscribers, offer for sale a great variety of Vegeia- '
ble Seeds desirable lor the Hot bed, as follows, j

Nonpariel Cabbage. Early Cauliflower.

Early Hope do. ' Broccoli, of sorts.

Early Synol's Cucumber. . Celery, SOperior sortn.
Fine Long Green do. Sweet Marjoium.

£..'< Plant.

Forsalc by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at iho New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 52 North Market
Street, Boslon. March 9.

HOWAHO'3 IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.
(Weill iiiiproveiiinii- hiive been mode ihc naal year in the
forni anil workmaMshi|> nl tlirse I'b'iiiih'i ; ilie miiuld bi arri
has hern »o forliifd n\ lo tin/ t*te /tirrmr '■ninp/efr/y nettr.
Iiiniinr in ercri/ ;i.iiVi.:/r nf /crail or uliMile.iiiid irnring Hit
^rom,il in the hr.l p,r,.iUr mannrr. The 1, UKlli of lb*

mould board hiw bt n very much increase. I. •u ibnt ihv
Pbiiigli works Willi ilie grcale>t eaie, both wiih re«|>ect lo
the holding and ihe leain. The Cninmilict al III* !uie mil
of Pliingha at Wcrreiler, »ay.

" Should nur opinion be akked as In whirh of the Plougha
we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might nerhap« sii) lo
the in(|uireT, il your land is inosiiy liglii and easy lo woik,
iry Prouty & Monrs, but if your land in hcuty, h irJ orrotl.]/,
tRois WITH Mn IlnwAiiii'a.''

At Ihe above niH'.i;<>ned inal the Howard PI'-ugh did
more teortc, with the aatnc pmrer nf team, titan any other
plniLfrh ciliibilril. No oilier turned more ibnn Iwenlyscei
and one half inches, lo the 112 11k. drauabt, while I h*
Umenrd Hloufih tttrncd livrjttifninr uwt one half im 'ic», to
llic same pnirrr nf Irani ! All acknowbdgc that Howar>r>
Ploughs are innch the strongest and most sul.siuntiotly
made.

There has been quite an iiiipmvcmcnl iruide on the ahur,
nr laud side ol iliis I'lniigli, which can be renewed willioul
having lo furnish a new Inndside: this shoe likewi>e secMiea
ihe mould iMiard and landside logelher, ami slrengihrns llie
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 8C ln«ir,. A Ploiiph,
sufficieiil for breaking lip with fnnrcmile. will cost about
310 60, and with culler 31, with wheel and cutter, 32 DO
extra.

The above Ploughs arc for sale, wholesnle and retail, at
ihe New England Agricultural Wareho'ise and Seed St>iic,
Nos. 51 &62 Norlh Market Sireel. bv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FRUIT TRERS.

The subscribers are prepared to execute or
ders for Fruit and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs
of every description at chorl notice.

Also, Grape Vines, Asparagus and Rhubarb
^ Roots and Herbacious Plants in great variety.
J. BRECK & CO., No. £2 Norlh Market ac
March 9. 1841. .

KARIII IN LEXINOTOar

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as the Hasting*
Place, containing about 120 acre.'<. adjoining ihe Farm of
E. Phinney. The land is of excellent qnaliiy, well stocked
with fruit treea, and a goo.l supply ofvonng wood. For
terms apply at ihis office, or of E. PHINNEY, living near
Ihe premises. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1842.

FRUIT, OR.\AMEWTAL TREES, Ac.

NURSF.llV OK WILLIiM KENHICK,

Of Peitclt, Pair, Plum and Cherry Trees,

a colleclion unrivalled in any former year, (or ei-

Icnsive numbers of fine Irei-s, of new and finest

kinds. Large addilions of new, valuable, or

beautiful, are just received from Europe.

Gooseberries of tirsi quality. Apples, Quinces, Grape

Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Strawberries, &c. The new

abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1S4S, will be sent to

all who apply.

Ornameplal Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses —
of Tree Peonies, of Hcibareous Pieonies, and other flower-
ing Plants— of double Dahlias, iVc, Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, Sic.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in mats and moss lor safe transpurl lo all distant
jdaces by land or sea, and delivered in the city free of charge,
for transportation by the wagon which is sent lliither daily,
or orders may be left at the stand, ai No. 44 Congress street.

Boslon.
March 9.

WILLIAM KENRICK
Nonanlum Hill, Newton.
epll2thjune

ADMI»nSTRATOR'S SALE

At 1 o'clock, P. M. on MONDAY, March, 2811i, 16-12, will
be sold at public Auction, a good Farm sitnaled in Dover,
Mass. about 15 miles from Boslon, containing about 60 acres
of good land, having a young Orchar<l of Fruit Trees, viz :
Ajiples, Plums, Quinces and Currants, with about ten acres
of Woodland with a House, Barn and good water, and
VVood-shed, and other out buildings built about 10 years
since.

The above Farm will be sold at a reasonable price, by or-
der ol an administrator lo settle Ihe estate

For further particulars inquire of LELAND MANN, near
the premises, or JOSEPH CALLEN UER, No. 3 Water St.,
Boston.' March 9.

FOR S.\I.E,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
months ofl. E. PHINNEY.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

FARMS FIIRSAI..K.

To be soid,aJfarm containing about ninety acres of Land,
beauiifully situated, one mile and a quarter from the centra
of Billeriea, on ihe main road lending from Lowell lo Bos-
ton ; 7 miles ftoiji the former, and 17 miles from the latter
place. There is a large Dw lling House thereon, suitable
for two families; also a large Barn. Also, an establish*
mcnt built two year,* since fbr keening swine, wiih an appar-
atus for boiling with steam, and tiaving every other eoiive-
nicnce for the busing's.' Also a Wood Shed, Chaise House,
Granary, and CidetlHill House, with a Graler Will.

Also, another Farm adjoning the above, eonlnining about
thirty five acres of Land, having a Dwellin : House and large
Shop built Iwo years ago, for a shoe esTabli<hineni. "Tlie a-
bove named \nn(U are of on excellent quality of every variety
of soil, well calculated for profitable f.irminv< and especially
adapted to Frnit, Hay and Vegetables ["j market, and con-
taining more ihan 800 Fruit Trees'— Said estate can be con-
veniently divided ^o as to make three goud farms, or the
shop wiih five or six acres of land can be sold separately lo
suit purchasers.

The above properly if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold al Public Auction on Thursday the I7lh of March
next al 10 o'clock A. M. on the premises.

Any gentleman from ihe city, wishing a handsome silua-
lion lor a counlry residence, or any farmer oi nirchanic wish-
ing to purchase, may do well lo call and view the premises.

Inquire of ihe subscriber, living near the same.

SEKENO FISK.

Billeriea, Jan. 19, 1842. isl I7M.

FAROI FUR SAL,E.

For sale a Farm in Lexington situated one mile west of
the Village, and 11 miles from Boston, cunlaining 175 acres,
including about 40 acres of wood land, ihe soil is rich, and
under a high slate of ciillivalifin. On the premises is a
large Dwelling House, which will conveniently acco.i modale
two families ; a large Ham, Shed, Chaise House, Mill
House, Ciller Mill and Ice House, and an extensive Piggery,
all of winch are new, or in good repair. The Farm is stock-
ed willi ev<ry vafiely of Fruil, and the Garden, which in-
cludes aboiii an aj^e, with a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering Pianls'which the proprietor has devoted several
years in procuring; with great care and expense. Within
the garilen is a Green House, 40 feet by 16. with suitable
liuilriinqs adjacent to accommodalc the Gardener. The
House IS healed upon ihe most approved plan, ami is stock-
ed Willi a variety of ihe beslGrapi-s, Flowering plants, &c.

A valuable stock of improved Short Horn. Durham, North
Devon, and Alderney Callle will be sold to the ) urchaaer of
the Farm if wanted. For further particulars inquire of
ARAl) Pl!OCTb.R. on ihc premises, or ol JAMES VILA,
Bath Sircct, Boslon.

If not disposed of al private sale it will be olTered al
Auction on Friday, I si ol April at 3 o'clock P. U.

Feb. 16. eplAl

288

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH g. 184

MISCELLANEOUS

From the Mainu Faraier.

BOSTON NOTIONS.
Mb Hoi.Mfc's— Having had an opportunity to he-
come acquainted with some of the peculiar " no-
tions" of tho Boston people, I lake the liherty to
transmit to you an account of sorne of tliem.

Much to my mortification, I found tlie Bosloni-
ans jrenerally disposed to turn up tlieir noses at
Maine butter and cheese. Whether this is really
a peculiarity of theirs or not, I will not pretend to
sav. They say that we salt our butler too much,
and do not work out the buttermilk. I must con-
fess that some of the butter I have occasionally
eaten there, would not add to the credit of this or
any other Slate. -Vs an instance of its estimation,
a large lot of eastern butler was sold at auction
for 5 and (! cents per pound. . What was done
with it, I will not say. Now I was much morti-
fied at ' these things. We send to MaRsaclmsetts
thousands of cuttle for beef, of the best quality,
and why cannot the same be said of our butter and
cheese .' I hope to see this notion rectified.

Another notion the Bostonians have, and thai is,
the snpplyinrj of the whole country with agricultu-
ral tools and seeds. Among the several ware-
houses of this description, may be mentioned that
of J. Breck & Co. This, I believe, is the oldest
and most extensive of tlie kind in the United Stales.
It was oslablished IS years ago. It is here that
the old New ICngland Farmer iaprintec;, which has
done so much towards raising the standard of Ag-
riculture in Massachusetts. Every kind and form
ot agricultural implements may be found here. It
was here I first saw the subsoil plow which promi-
ses so much to many farmers in that vicinity, and
which I doubt not will be found highly useful in
some soils in Maine. You have heard of Willis's
Straw Cutter, Cornsheller, &.:. Well, there stands
the man at one end of the loft at his work bench,
portly and insrenious in his very look, and what is
not peculiar to all geniuses, he is clever enough to
ahow you every thing worth seeing. Then there
ia Breck himself, not a whit behind the other in the
advancement of the good cause. They import
from Kuropo all of the most improved instrnments,
aeeds, fruit trees and plants. They have also a
farm connected with their establishment, on which
tliey raise many seeds and trees. I would cheer-
fully recommend to every farmer who may visit
Boston, to call at Breck & Co.'s, (No. 52 North
Market street,) where they will be treated with all
due respect, and where the very sight of many of
their agricultural tools will inspire them with a
desire to have better ones on their own farms.

Another Boston notion : they are determined to
■upply us wall every thing in the mechanical arts.
They send to Maine for materials, by Maine ves-
sels till), thus making us virtually liewors of wood
and drawois of water, and then send back the
same inalerinls wrought into every kind of shape
for lis to purchase. Now we cannot blame llicin
for this, but must certainly look to ourselves for a
remedy. What a pity that our young men would
not become thorough mechanics, if they will not be
farmers, instead of seeking the west, poverty anil
death. After visiting almost every kind of manu-
factory, I formed a less exalted opinion of what me
chanics, as a general thing, have done in Maine,
but a much more e.\alted opinion of what they can
do.

Another notion. They think that young men I " What do you ask for this article?" inq^
from the country are fools lor leaving their farms 1 Obadiah of a modest Miss in one of our
and rushing into the large towns and cities with [" Fifteen shillings, sir — it is a superb arti
the hope of improving their condition. 1 have/'Aint you a iilttt dear ?" said Obadiah.
heard the same notion advanced elsewhere, but j all the young men tell me so," she replied, drod
considered it ell talk, wnlil I was satisfied from I her eyes and blushing. Obadiah cainu sljf
actual observation that the remark was true. I j an ay.
met with several men who anticipated the time ,

when they could move on to a farm, where in their Hard Times. — "The hardest fare I ever
estimation the sum of human happiness was to be i rienced," said an old codger, " was the time I
found. 1 1 got lost in the woods ; when for four days II

There arc some other notions that I should be | on a rock, and cracked butternuts with my (

glad to communicate if I had time.

for a living. Them was hard times, I tell yo

ACRICOLA.

AaRICULTlIRAL IMPLISMKKTB, Ao.|

The Proprietors of the New E^n?tanrl A^ricultur

house and Seed Store No. 51 anri'oa North Markfj

would inl'nrm ilieir cusloniers and the pulilic i;encra

they have on hnnd Itie most exteiij.ivc as^ortnieot a

, c 1- .1 „ „„. „r ciiltuial and Hortiiulturnl Tools In he found in the 1

to an account, ami of iiiaKingtlie most ot , g^^^^^ Part ol which arc the following -.

ECONOMY.
The great art of economy in domestic life, is
comprised in the two very homely phrases, "to
turn every thing to account," and "to make the
most of what you have." But their meaning is
often perverted, and the habit of turning every
thin

every thing, is a.=;cribed to those who are actuated,
not by a laudable desire to produce iis much com-
fort as tlieir circumstances will admit, but by an
inclinatien to indulge in a strong propensity to
stinginess. Between extravagance and parsimony,
the widest possible interval exists ; and that econ-
omy, that management and application of means,
which is deemed perfectly consistent with the most
rigid virtue, and the most generous impulse, is of
too admirable a character to partake either of the
spendthrift's criminality, or of the miser's meanness.
In the voting and thoughtless, a spirit of emula-
tion often shows itself, and sometimes leads to the
destruction of their domestic happiness. This un-
becoming spirit is the source of discomfort, extrava-
gance and ruin, by urging on the weak minded to
vie with their superiors in fortune, and to sacrifice
so much to appearance, as to render themselves
destitute of the means of enjoying the substantial
comforts of life.

Young house-keepers should consider the seri-
ous consequences that arc likely to result from set-
ting out in a style of lavish expenditure; and they
should remember that, while it is easy to extend,
it is extremely difficult to reduce, an establish-
ment. One expensive article requires another to
correspond with it, and one expensive entertain-
ment imposes the necessity of other equally expen-
sive entertainments; for it requires no small share
of moral couroge to risk the loss of consequence
which may result from allowing the world, as it is
called, to surmise that we arc not so rich as may
have been imagined. And when the time comes,
as sooner or later it assuredly must, when the
means are not adequate to the demands, what sac
rii'iccs arc ii.ade, and what unseemly conlrunnces
are resorted to, in order to keep up, at least, a poor
remnant of " appearance" — and when this can no
longer be effected, then comes the humiliation,
with all the bitter feelings attendant upon relrench-
merit; of all which feelings, the bitterest is, the
dreod of being degraded in the world's estimation.
— Selected.

The world makes a vast difference betwa
rogue in ruffles and a rogue in rags.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

too doz

Casi Steel 9

Iron PloU!;hs

150 "

CuRimon

300 Common do. do.

too "

Spades.

200 Cultivators.

600 "

Grass Scjrlha

100 fireene's Straw Cutters.

.100 "

Patent Snaill

50 Willis' do. do.

200 "

Common do.

100 Common do. do.

6U0 "

Hay Rokov

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 "

Garden ilii

Shellers.

200 "

Manure l-'i^ti. 8

GO Common do do.

ano "

Hay do.

2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.

600 Pai

r Trace Chaiai

60 " Vegctiible Cutters

100 "

Truck do.

50 Common do. do.

too

Draft do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

500

Tic up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

60 doz

. Haher do.

1 no Ox Yokes.

1000 yards Fence do. i
25 Cirind Stones on 1

1500 Doz. Scjilie Stones.

3000 '• Austin's Rifles.

March 17.

G R KEN'S PATKNT STRAW CUTTI

77ie tvay it is. — .\ dog is accounted iiind when
he wont take "something to drink," and a man in-
sane when he takes too much. A financier re-
mains "respectable" with a fortune that do n't be-
long to him, while a beggar becomes a criminal
for purloining a piece of meat

JOSF.PH BRECK & CO. at the New Enifhiii.l Act
tural Warclioiisc and Seed St.ire Nos. 61 and 52 .N.nb*
kel Stri'cl, have lor sale, Green's Patent Strj
Stalk Cutter, operating on a nieclianiccl principle ni
applied to any implement lor this jpurpose. The mi
inenl elfecis of this applicatiim, and some of the col
peculiarities of the machine are:

1. -So great a reiluclioii of the quantum of power
to use it, that the strength of a half grown iioy is
to work it elficienily.

2. With even this nimlcrate power, it easily culoi
els a ininuie, which is full twice as fast as has beeal
hy any other machine even when worked t)y borae
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in i
cut, require sharpening less often than those of
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its conslruclinn, ma(
logsthcr very strongly. It is therefore not so lial
complicated machines in general use to gel out

NEW F. NGLANI) FARMKR

A WEKKLY PAPKB.

Terms, $2 per year in advance, or$2 5J if
within thirty days.

N. B. — Pi)slmnst«r8 are prrmitlcd by l.nw to i
gubscriptinna and reinittanccp fur newnpiipciv.
expensu to aiibscriberR.

TUTTLS ARD DENNETT, PUINTKBS.

f

A N D II () K r 1 C U L T U R A L R E G I S T E U .

1 I'UDLISHKO

HY

JOSliPH

BRECK

It

CO.,

NO S9

NOtlTH MAllKKT STllKKT,

(AaKICULTUnAL

Warkiio

UriK.

-ALLKN I'CTNAM,

r:i)ITuR.

],.XM

BOSTON,

WKDNKSDAY

KVENING

MARCH

JO,

1843.

two.

^».

N. E. FARMER.

For the New England Fariiipr.

rULTIVATION OF FOREST TREKS.
H KiiiTUR — I have noticed recently in several
ur agricultural [lapers, conuniinicntions upon
uUivation and growth of forest trees ; and it
ini to inc tliat the n-riters oflliosc articles are
orrocl in all their views on this subject. It
acn recommended to thin out and trim up our
J woiid lots, t.> promote their growth, and it is
den that. I think to be essentially wrong,
le object desired in a wood lot is, a straight,
y growth — that as many trees should stand on
rounii as can grow to advantage, and that the
id should be free from under-brush and be
in the best condition for the improvement of
:rccs. Observation has convinced nie tliat
results will be realized more fully, if nature is
3 perform its own operations, than they can
• any attempts to assist her.
hore we cut off the wood from n thrifty lot, we
hat for every tree we cut, some twenty or
spring up to take its place. These young

grow for one year very thrifty, but the second
hows a falling off in their numbers, and so
ery succeeding year the numbers grow less :
ore thrifty over-top the feeble, and they die,
, and fall do^n, to make manure for ihcme
cmain. The trees will still stand so thick,
hey cannot grow in any other direction than
ht up. They cannot branch out — they must
ight ahead" — ind this they will do annually,
mg out the feeble trees till no more are left
e ground tlian can grow to advantage,
■e advantage ut letting the trees grow thick is,
t makes them grow straight, and prevents
branching out like pasture oaks. The trees
nnnally.die, soon become excellent manure
ose which remain, keeping the ground light
elping to retain the yearly deposite of leaves
revent tliem from blowing off.
e trees growing thick will also help to retain
.Hen leaves, and will so shade the ground as
jp it moist and prevent the growth of under
and grass. On the other hand, if you thin
lid trim up your trees, you produce exactly
Its results ; — your trees branch out like apple
and become stinted by the grounds becoming
and dry, and by the loss of the leaves which
e blown out of the lot by every wind — the

and grass will spring up and obstruct the
and in short you will loose at least one half
rowth of your wood.

is is my theory, supported by facts which have
under my observation ; une of which I will
on.

large young wood lot was bought by two men
y acijuaintance, and divided between tlicm.
of tiiem tiioughl he would put Ins in shape.
ut <iul every surplus tree, and trimmed up

which remained, and left, his lot, as he
hi, in order to grow to the best advantage.

Ho thought he had killed two birds with one stone:
he had saved some cords of good wood, and bene-
fited his lot into the bargain.

The other man went upon the " lot alone" princi-
ple, and it never worked better than in this case.
The difference between the two lota may be seen
nlinoBt as far as you can see them. The " let
iilono" lot has almost double the value of wood and
timber on it that the other lm.«.

Another gcntleninn in my neighborhood, who
had, or thought he had, money enough and to
spare, sent 8 or 10 hands into a beautiful young
wood lot, to " put it to rights." They cut down
and trimmed up, and made it like a park. It look-
ed beautifully, but the trouble is that the trees have
grown but little since. They look rough and
stinted ; and the lot never will be of much value
till the wood is all cut off and suffered to start up
again.

I could mention several other cases that have
come under my observation; but these I think ate
sufficient to establish my doctrine, that the best
way to cultivate forest trees is to let them alone —
keep man and beast away from tliem, and let nature
take its own course, and "have her perfect work."
FORESTER.

For the N. K. Farmer.

PREPARATION FOR SPRINGS WORK.

There are, I am aware, many farmers v.ho need
no hints on this subject, but the most of us, it must
be confessed, are apt to be rather remiss.

Generally speaking, very few are fully prepared
for the spring when it arrives, and it is not unfre-
quently the case, indeed, that the best part of the
season is occupied in mending and making tools,
which a just regard for our intere.<t8 should have
prompted us to supply before the period of their
use arrives.

I am aware that this will appear to be rather a
dry subject; but it is by attending to small things,
that we lay the foundation of prosperity and suc-
ces.s in tlioso which are great. There is nothing
like economy. A farmer who disregards the pecu-
liar and appropriate avocations of the season, until
the period for their performance arrives, in all
probability, will find that many important and es-
sential duties, and which might have been easily
discharged at leisure moments, cannot be perlbrm-
ed on the nonce, without involving serious trouble
and expense. H. D. W.

Ifindham, Me., Feb. 28, I84i.

For ihe N. E. Farmer.

LAYING DOWN PEATY SOILS— PROPER
DRESSIN(;S FOR TIIEM.
Mil Editor — Will you, or some of your nume-
rous contributors to your valuable paper, give your
mode of seeding down muck land .' There is con-
siderable land of this description in my section,
which we find very difficult to make the grass live
through the next spring after laying it down: —
most of it winter-kills.

If yon were to make a compost (or muck land on
a clay subsoil, what kind of soil would you nse ?

I liBvo drawn into my yard this winter, one hun-
dred and twcntyfive loads of muck, which waa
taken from a very wet place : — subsoil, gravelly
loam and sand.

Would it be advisable to put this description of
manure on to muck, subsoil being clay ?

Q. C. RICH.

Shortham, feb. \8lh, 184:i.

Jlnswtr. — On the peaty or muck soils there ii
difficulty in getting grass to live through its first
spring, because the action of frost there rends and
throws out the roots. This difficulty is remedied
III part by u coating, say eight or ton rords of
coarse sand, fine gravel, loam, soil or clay. Either
of these substances answers a good purpose upon
the surface of these penty lands, both as a hardener
of the surface, and as a monur'", or fertilizer. If
the grass ?eed (timothy or herds grass is best) — if
this be sowed in the spring, or early autumn, with-
out grain, or with so little grain as to afford only a
little shade to the grass, and if the upland substan-
ces above named arc applied as a dressing, and
care be taken by rcdling to make the surface com-
pact as possible, the grass generally will do well.
The object is to make a compact surface — no mat-
ter iiow thill l>.at surface, if compact. The upland
substances greatly help in doing what is desired.
We speak of lands that have been well drained
and cultivated with a potato or some other crop.

The same coiir-e will answer on such lands
where the sward has not been broken, only moie
gravel, loam or clay is needed, and animal manure
or ashes should be applied aH port of the coating.

We should never put a muck compo.^tupon muck
soil. The matters from the uplamls are much
more beneficial. There is sound philosophy in the
course of the old practical farmer, Mr Stanly, of
Attleboro', who said at one of the agricultural
meetings at the State House, that he would put
gravel In his hogpen if he wanted the manure for
peal lunds. — Ed.

ForthW.. E. Farmer.

NEW SPECIBS OF CLOVER.

A friend in France recently gave me the follow,
ing information : — " In a late excursion, I found a
grass lately introduced into the country, of a now
description. It i!> here denominated the Scarlet
Clover, and is thought far superior to any thing of
the kinu which has been cultivated. It is highly
valued for green feed, and may be introduced at
different periods of the season. Its growth is very
rapid, the stock large, tender, succulent and nour-
ishing. The Ipswich Gazette (Eng.) thus describes
it:

'.N'lic Srecits of Clover. — As an addition lo our
spring food, a new species of clover has lately been
introduced from Italy into the agriculture of this
country. It is called Trifolium incarnntnin, and
bears a beautiful head of bright and red flowers,
resembling sainfoin in color. It requires a goud

2dO

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 16, 184«.

il nnd the morle of cultivnting it liilhcrto pur- ! am lias slated, allowed to run, but are tniighl only

sued has been, to plow up a wheat stubbie, iEuiiie-
dialely after harvest, and sow the seed at the rate
of eight pounds an acre. It produces a larpe bur-

to walk- lit the quick step. In point of utility they
are undoubtedly very far more valuable than the
race horse, and as such, thry will not fail to prove

den which comes to use at the commencement of la great acquisition to the farmer

the following May — a period when such a supply
of green food must bo of incalculable value, and
which will admit of turnips following in succes-
sion.'

With this communication I received a small
quantity of the seed. I sowed the last of .\ugust,
and the vegetation was surprisingly quick. My
cattle fed incessantly on it ihrough the season,
starting favorably in the spring. But its thrift
was not of long continuance. I sowed the greater
part of the seed late in the fall, and it wholly fail-
ed. I e.vpect more of the seed, and think I can
correct my manner, and that it may prove brnefi-
cial. I am yours,

Dorchester, Feb. 22(/.

J. VV,

For the N. E. Fanner.

NEW AND VALUABLE IMPORTATION OF
STOCK.

Mb Editor — Of all the improvements in our
agriculture, none, it is believed, are more impor-
tant than the introduction of all the finest breeds
of cattle, of horses, sheep, &c., which have been
produced by modern skill and science in Britain.
For numerous and extensive importation.s, no gen-
tlemen in our country have done more than Messrs.
Corning and Sotham, of Albany, this being the
sixth visit of the latter to England, his native coun-
try, and his fourth [extensive importation during
the last ten years, of the finest individualp, select-
ed by himself from the most celebrated Hocks and
herds of that country. These gentlemen have im-
ported upwards of forty head of cows, bulls nnd
calves, about one hundred and eighty Cotswood
sheep, and two cart horses. The principal part of
these cattle have been of the Hereford breed. The I
cows of this breed yield milk of the richest quality,
which contains a large proportion of butter; but
though of very superior quality, yet heretofore the
milk which they have produced, has not been in
that exuberant quantity that the Durhams, the
Yorkshire, or Ayreshire cowB prouuce. 'The oxen
are first rate for work. The Heref.ird breed pos-
ses.s also the very important propt 'y Af retaining
flesh and of fattening on ordinary fare, and in a
remarkably short space of time producing beef of
the finest quality. In these respects, the improved
Hereford breed are reputed to surpass all other
breeds known in Britain. During this last autumn,
at the Smithfield cattle market, in London, all the
annual highest prizes for fat oxon, were awarded
to the Herefords.

The Cotswold sheep are celebrated for produc-
ing a large quantity of wool and mutton : the for-
mer not indeed of «o fine a quality as tho Merino,
yet admirably adapted for blankets, carpels, and
clothing of secondary quality, and a great variety
of uses ; the mutton is of very superior quality,
and they come to market earlier than any other
breed, more frequently yearling than at any other
age, and they possess the important property of
fattening on ordinary food.

The English cart horse is a very important item
in our improvements. They are remarkable for
heavy draughts, and are fust walkers. The best
trained horses of this breed are never, as Mr Soth-

Mr Sotham has brought out in the ship Hendrick
Hudson, Capt. Morgan, which Iils lately arrived at
New York from London, I'enus, a Short-horned
cow and bull calf Columbus of tin; same breed ;
and forty' hree Cotswold owes. They also pur-
chased " Major," the well known Hereford bull,
that has taken seven of the first prizes in England,
nnd was allowed by judges to be one of the best
bulls of any breed that England ever produced;
but he unfortunately died on board the vessel, after
being on tho ocean fortytwo days; also Cleopatra,
a beautiful cow, of the Durham breed, died a few
days after him. This was a public loss of more
weight than at first could be supposed. Unless
" Major" had been seen, his good points cannot be
described. Fortunately, however, for Messrs. Cor-
ning and Sotham, they havo several young bulls
and heifers got by liiiii.

Our passage home was long and tempestuous,
and on the 6th of February and 14th particularly,
came on n succession of violent gales nnd furious
etornis, and it was in consequence of tho contiimal
rolling of the ship, that a portion of all these sni-
mals perished, being worn to death.

[The paragraph here concerning the steam-ship
Caledonia, is of no consequence now that the fears
entertained for her safety have been dispelled by
the arrival of the Acadia.]

I came home in the above splendid ship, the
Hendrick Hudson, which arrived at New York
March the 1st. We rested secure, under Divine
Providence, nnd amid the storms, in the most per-
fect confidence in the skill and experience of our
able commander, Capt. E. E. Morgan, and in the
superior strength and management of our ship.
WM. KENRICK.

.Vonnnlum Hill, JVetelon, March '2d, 1842.

A complete heading for any purpose should net.
er be performed in early summer, or while the tree
is in the most active stage of its growth. It caob
es a sudden stagnation of the juices, ond indues) li *
sort of paralysis. And if the tree does not die o \ i'
right, it grows no more, or but fecb'y, during^l ; !■'
remainder of the season.

Yet for that moderate pruning, which aloiM A'
generally needful, June and July, and during
longest days ef summer, is the very best lime;
wounds of all kinds heal admirably at this peri
the wood remaining sound and bright; and evei
tree debarked at tliis season, recovers a new bi
immediately.

Trees ouglit not to be pruned in February •
March, at the time the frost is coining out of tM
ground. 'I'liis is the season when most trees, and ►
particularly the vine and sugar maple, bleed mi
copiously and injuriously. It causes inveten
canker; the wounds turn black, and the bark, |
perliaps several feet below, becomes equally blaS
and perfectly dead, in consequence of tho bicedii

The lower side limbs of young trees in the Da^
sery, should bo gradually shortened, but not sud-
denly close-pruned ; they are essential for a lim
to strengthen the trunk, and to the upright and per-
feet formniion of the tree. — Kenrick'n .Veic Amo.
Orcharjist.

l«st

PRUNING.

If the branches of a young tree, issuing aland

above the requisite height, be made, by pruning, to
diverge from the trunk in every direction above the
horizontal, and the interior of these be carefully [ ,inue extending, every part being duly filled will

GOOSEBERRIES.

Gooseberries require a very rich soil ; and in ■
airy situation or shade, they are but little liableB
mildew. In all low lands, and in confined situk
tions, in our climate, the fruit of the goosebeny
almost invariably mildews ; but never on the opet
hills, and in places exposed to drying winds, Thej
are raised from cuttings planted very early ill
April, in a moist soil: every eye should be cut q]
except the two uppermost above the surface,
autumn, cut oflT the lower shoot very close
shorten down the one left to six or nine inchi
The bushes must be so managed as to bo furnished
with limbs diverging in every direction, continuallj
increasing in number as they advance from tilt
centre. With this object in view, the young lead-
ing shoots of the last year are annually cut bad
to six or nine inches, and a proportion of the oth-
ers are cut quite close. Thus thu bushes will con

kept from any interference with each other, for a 1 bearing wood, sufficient space being lea to admit
few years, little pruning will ever afterwards be | the sun and a free circulation of air. The largMI

necessary

Alany of my remarks in this section have refe-
rence principally to orchards of the apple, the

peach, and the peer, cultivated as standards in our i ^ branch. Ibid.

own highly favored climate, and on an extensive
scale, and are not intended as applicable to the ad-
mirable system of cultivatin'j fruit frees in pyra-
midial form, or en rjuinottitte.

The complicated systems of the English for pru-
ning the apple, pear, peach and plum, are not, in
all respects, so necessary for us ; they are, in part,
adapted exclusively to a cold climate. It is not
necessary with us to lay open and expose every
part of the tree to the direct rays of the sun ; the
atmosphere being, in our climate, generally of it-
self suflicienl to ripen the fruit.

Heavy pruning is seldom necessary or advisable ;
but when, as in the case of grafting, or of heading'

prize gooseberries arn raised on vigorous yoi
bushes, which have not more than five or six brnni
es, and but one or two, or at most three berries

t

I it

Msenne of Mind. — Sir Isaac Newton, one cro-
ning in winter, feeling it extremely cold, drew hi«
chair very close to the grate, in which a firo hid
been recently kindled. By degrees, the fire beinj
completely kindled. Sir Isaac folt tho heat intol
bly intense, and rung his bell with unusual
Icnce. John was not at hand ; heat last made
appearance, by the time Sir Isaac was almost titt^
ally roasted. " Remove the grate, you lazy rU- |
call" exclaimed Sir Isaac, in a tone of irritation I
very uncommon with that amiable and placid phi- |
losnpher, " remove the grate, before I am burned (

>le»

.1

to death-" " Please your honor, might you not I
down for a new giowih, It becomes unavoidable, il j rather (/rnip iarA- your c/inir ?" said John, a littll

should always bo performed in that interval between
tho time the frost is ciuning out of the ground in
spring, and the opening of the leaf.

nggislily, " Upon my word," said Sir If
smiling, " I never thouglit of that." — Merry's Mb ii

X V. \<». 37.

AND KORTICULTUKAL REGISTER

291^

|;.\l AUKS ON sKi;i>s a.\i» skkpsmkn —

SOSVINU SLEDS, CAUSES OF l-'AILUKE,
be.

The prodticlion of living plants from ■innll
ins of seed ilroppod in tho esrih, is one of llic
■I wondcrliil nnd bciiiitifiil iipprntlnns of Naliin-.
Il«n examined by thf lij,'lit of Science, it is
nd to b« cfected by the combined agency of
tb, air, moisture nnd bent ; and to ensure dtic-
s, it is necessary thit these four elements be
[ibinod in due but dilT.Toiit proportion!*, nccord-
to tlie nature and babitd oftlio ditTcrent kinds
eds. Honce arises the ditliciilty of causing'
10 kinds to vegetate ; and tbo uncertainly
icli eardcnrrs {jenerally fi'el respecling many of
ir crops until (bey see the young plants apponr.
nee. also, arise most of the complaints which
made to seedsmen, and the censures which are
ustly cast upon them by inexperienced culti-
ors.

n order to explain this subject, nnd with a view
essen the evil, the Proprietor of the Rochester
id Store has added the testimony of several highly
p«ctable and successful cultivators in the coiiii-
and some accounts of their methods of prepar-
and sowing severnl of the most important kinds
eeds that are liable to fail with careless man-
ment.

The Editor of the Albany Cultivator, spcakin;:
this general subject, says : —
' Seeds often fail to grow ; and the seedsman
often faulted, for vending bad seeds, when the
86 of their not growing is owing to the gnrd-
r or planter. To induce germination, moisture,
iMpheric air, and a certain temperature, are in-
oensable ; and it is also requisite that light be
lluded from the seed, until the nutriinenl of the
d is exhausted, or until the root can draw nour-
nent from the soil. The first effect of the nir,
tt, >qd moisture upon the seed is, to change its
kerties — to convert its starch into sugar — into
Tt of milky pulp, the proper food of the embryo
nt. If at this stage, the seed becomes dry, its
Jily is believed to be destroyed ; but if these
nts are permitted to use their influence, the
♦ tents of the seed swell by degrees, and tlio first
It of the future root having formed, breaks
lugb the shell in a downward direction, and
Nt the same time the first point of the future
n romes forth in an upward direction. The
eence of the air, heat, and moisture are as in-
nensable to the growth of the plant, as they are
iie germination of the sei'd.
• Now it often happens, that when seeds ore
lied in fresh stirred ground, or when the soil is
st, they undergo the incipient progress of fer-
italion, and the carih not being pressed upon
Ti, nnd dry weather ensuing, the moisture isab-
cied, and the seeds perish. Too much mois-
! is also often destructive to the vital principle
eeds — and others again are buried too d'"ep to
rivified by solar and atmospheric influence. —
; tirst object in planting, therefore, should be to
;e the seed just sn f:ir under the surface, and so
over it with earth, as shall barely secure to it
)nstant supply of moisture. There are many
ds, as of the carrot, parsnip, orchard grass, &.C.,
ch if not previously steeped, or the soil well
verized and pressed upon them, fail to grow for
It of moisture. Hence, i^i sowing orchard grass,
i found prudent to spread it upon a floor and
nkle it with water, before it is sown, and to
■ a roller over the ground after the seed is

sown ; and hfiict', in light gardi'ii niiiiilil, il is ad-
visable t." pri'.-s with tlio Imo or spiile, llio enrlli
upon all light seedd after they arc sown."

Oil SotpinfC Flower Srriit.

Divid Thoma«, an experienced nnd very suc-
cessful Florist remarks : — N. (J. Farmer, vol I,
p. ,■>(>.

'' For largo seeds, like the lioan or thu Pen, a
coarso soil is well adapted, as they con force their
>vny to the surface from any moderate depth : but
small seeds require difl'ereiit treatment ; and we
lay it li.iwn as a safe rule, the finer the seed, the
liiior should be the soil.

How does Nature, exemplifying Supremo Wis-
dom, sow her most delicate seeds ? She scatters
them on the shady ground, trusting to the rain or
tho frost to cover them, (of course slightly,) nnd
they gerininalc bcfuro the sun has acquired powi^r
enough to scorch them. The dust-liko seeds of
the Orchis and Cypripedium soinetinics grow in
beds of damp moss.

Common garden loam, whether clayey or sandy,
ia much improved by a dressing of vegetable earth
from the woods, well mixed before planting. If
prepared in the preceding autumn, and pulverized
by the frost, all the better.

Such a soil is favorable to seeds of almost any
kind, but cssenliat to tho finer nnd more delicate
sorts. The preparation of the soil alone, however,
is not enough. Fine seeds may be smothered if
covered from more than one-eighth to half an inch
deep ; and their short roots may be parched if ex-
posed to the sun except in morning and evening.
To afne soil, therefore, we must add tho protec-
tion o( shade, and in time of drought, a regular sup-
ply of mo!j<i(re. If the seeds arc sown in an open
border, a sprinkling of water in the evenings is
best, but carefully abstain from applying so much
as will bake the ground."

On Preparing and Sotcing Onion Seed.

W. Risley— (N. G. Farmer, vol. 2, page 38,)
says :

" First, soak the seeds in water from six to
Iwentyfour hours — some seeds being slower to ad-
mit moisture than others, is the ditFcrence in the
time required. After soaking, drain off the water,
and mix the seeds with a sufficient quantity of
earth to absorb the moisture remaining on the
seeds ; stir them often that they may vegetate
evenly, and keep them in a moderate degree of
warmth and moisture until they are sprouted, when
they are ready to put into the ground. If the
weather should be unfavorable, put the seeds in a
cool place, which will check their growth. • *

It was left in that situation until the time of
sowing. In April, as soon as the soil was suffi-
ciently dry, the ploughing was commenced, and the
second day, at night, the sowing was finished, with
seed prepared as before stated. 7(1 one tceek the
onions ivern up, rows were soon visible near twen-
ty rods, and no weeds yet appeared. TITe opera-
lion of Stirling the soil with rakes and hoes was
then commenced, and the ivceds were not suffered
to grow during the summer. (It is a mistaken no-
tion that It is not time to hoK a garden until it is
green with weeds.) The first of September the
onions were harvested, and the product was over
two thousand bushels of fine onions from two and a
half acres."

On Soaking Mangel H'urtzel Seed.

J. Rapaljee says, (N. G. Farmer, vol. 1. p. 149,)
" I prepared half an acre of land for Mangel

Wiirl/.el, and obliiiucd llio Hced from your agent
at Cnnnnduigun. .Misr sonkiiig tho seed one day,
i comihenccd sowing ; but rnin cniiic nn, and tbo
soil being rather c'nycy, it was a wlmlo week be-
fore I could sow the reniniiidcr. Tho lued was
snaked all tins tino!, and supjiusing it wna spoiled
or injured, I sowed it thicker than usual, and had
not enough to' finish the ground. Accordingly I
sent to the sumo place and got iiiKre seed, and
sowed the roinaiinler without any so.iking ; so that
part of my ground was sowed with seed soaked
one day, aiiolhiT part one week, and a third pan
not all.

Now for the result : — The part soaked one
week, came up first, and much too thickly ; — the
port soakcil one day, caine up slowly and very
thinly; while the part not soaked, did not come up
' at all. Thus showing conclusively, the n'.cessitjr
' of thoroughly soaking these seeds, and tho little
danger there is to be apprehended from so.iking
too long. I am confident that inat'.'ntion to this
subject, is the most frequent cause of the failure
of the Mangel Worlzel and Sugar Beet seeds."

William Oarbult, (N. G. Far. vol. I. 20,) says,
" Much complaint is sometimes made of Mangel
Wurtzel and Sugar Beet seed failing to grow.
These seeds are not quite as sure of vegetation ns
some kinds ; still, if rightly prepared, and sown
when the ground is ;ii good condition, before the
weather becomes too dry, they will very seldom
fail. The seed should be soaked In soft water,
standing in a warm place, ybr three or /our days be-
fore sowing. The shell of the seed is very hard,
and requires a long tune soaking for it to become
S'iflened so that the germ can burst it open. I
have sometimes known it fail after being soaked,
owing to late sowing and dry weather."

Planting too deeply. — In vol. I, p. 97, W. R.
Smith states that he " planted half an acre of Man-
gel Wurlzel with two pounds of seed from the
Rochester Seed Store. In a few days some scat-
tering plants made their appearance. * * »
Well, nearly two weeks after, I was surprised to
find a fair number-kf plants just peeping through,
and from their weak r.v' thin appoorance, evident-
ly wearied with tlitir ■ iirney to the surface, which
thoy never could have reached, il the soil had not
been light."

Parsnip, Carrot, Celery and Parsley Seeds are
all slow to vegetate, and if sown late and dry
weather succeeds, they will nut often come up.
These seeds should be sown early, in fine soil,
rolled or pressed down and kept moist. Mr. Geo.
Slicffer of Wheatland, raises large quantities of
carrots for feeding. Hi; soaks the seed 48 hours,
then rolls it in plaster, and when sown covers it
from one half to th.-ee quarters of an inch deep. —
(N. G. Far. vol. 2, p. 181.)

Cncumber, Melon and Sijuiish Seeds, seldom lose
their vitality by age or otherwise, but when sown
they often fail to grow, owing to the ground being
cold or wet These, and some other seeds, will
invariably rot if sown loo early — before the ground
is Biifficiently warm. Lima Beans and Sweet
Corn often fail from the same causes.

Egg Plant Seed will not vegetate in the open
ground — it requires a good hot-bed.

Locust Seed must be thoroughly s. 'aided, by
pouring boiling hot water and letting it soak 24
liours. — jV'eu) Gtneste Farmer.

Live for others, that others may live for thee.

•292

NEW ENGLAND FAR M K R ,

MARCH 1(^, )ii4'<

Fur Ihe N. E. Farmer.

FAILURE OF RUTA BAGAS— CAUSE OF.

Mil Editor — I ugreo with your corresponilenl
R. K. P., in his coinniunicalion which wns publish-
ed in the N. E. Fanner of Jan 20ih, 1841— so far
at least as to bflieve with him that inucli "li^ht
may be elicited by farmers publishing their fail-
ures," provided that like your ingenuous correspon-
dent, tiicy give a detailed account of the circuni-
stancej wliich preceded and accompanied those
failures.

Mr R. R. P. wislies to know why his crops of
ruta baga failed, and he says he will be very much
gratified, if you or some of your correspondents
can tell hir.i the cause of his failure, and the re-
medy.

S'oine manures seem to be too much concentra-
ted and loo strong for the tender roots of vegeta-
bles, and thws seem to occasion the root to rot So
a diet which consisted wholly of fat meat and spi-
ces, without sauce, would sicken the human sto-
mach. And Professor Webster says, in the ap-
pendix to Liebig's Organic Chemistry of Agricul-
ture and Physiology, "that ammonia, in the state
of carbonate, and in solution with water, has a
great elTect in stimulating plants, has long been
known to gardeners, but they also well know, that
the plant so treated, soon perishes. It would
seem to be an analogous case to that of plants
stimulated by chlorine, but not supplied with a
proportion-'.lly increased allowance of food." Lie-
big, p. 411.

1 have planted melons and some other vines in
hills, which were plentifully manured, sonic with
fish, and some with night soil, and have had the
plants come up remarkably large, and to appear-
ance, reiiinrkably thrifty ; but in a few days they
began to fail, unil ihey all died, and on examina-
tion I found that the roots had rotted off. In these
cases I found no remedy which would restore the
plants. I supposed they died from having the ma-
nure too strong. But afterwards I prevented the like
evil, when I used unmixed night soil in the hill as
a manure for my vines, in the following manner.
I dug a circular ditch, about 5 or C inches deep,
and which enclosed an area of about two feet in
diameter. Into tliid little ditch 1 put night ^oil,
and covered it with earth: I then planted a p-ity
of seeds in every part of the area, winch was en-
closed by the ditch, and when the plants came up,
I thinned lliem out, by taking those which were
tlie least vigorous, but still leaving a superabundant
supply in the hill. After a few days, I again
thinned out the plants in the tame manner, and in
this way I finally saved a full •ii|)ply of vigorous
plants in every hill. The strong manure was con-
tinually growing weaker, and the plants vierc at
liberty to send their roots and to draw from the
manure which was laid in the ditch, or to draw it
from other places, as best suited tliinn, and in this
way iho plants did well, and made good crops,
though we used manure which was very strong.
At other limes when I wished to use large quanti-
ties of very strong manure, I have succeeded in
growing good crops, by plowing the manure in,
very deep. And when I have plowed in large
qiiuntil(f3 offish, or other very strong and volatile
manures, very deep, the crops for a number of
years allerwards, always gave a satisfsclory ac
coiiiil of the deep burled manure. 'I'he amount of
very strong manure which a crop can bear, to ad-
vantage, will bo proportioned, not only to the deptl;

at which it is plowed in, but also to the humidity \ would have been too expensive, we reply that th
or dryness of the season and of the soil. lor four casks of caustic lime wiiild probably i

\Vc will not nitempt to show all the causes ' been sufficii-nt to destroy the worms on an acre.?,^
which operate to make beets, turnips and potatoes ! he objects tliat il would have been a laborious i
grow hollow; but we liave generally found thai j ration, we admit that il would have been some.*
those which were planted in a rich soil and grow j laborious; but we think that saving half an acr^
very thrifly, wore the most apt to rot, and grow j ruta bagas on land which was prepaied as R. "
hollow. I bad prepared his, would pay for some labor.

In lb;39, Mr R. R. P. applied poudrette to his | it is Bon.elimes a gratification to know how a 1
land, and in 1840, he sny.s he found many of his jnui.v be done, even if we do not think propor '
rula baga turnips punctured, and in some of them it.
he found while inagf^ols, about the size of the lar-
gest of those which we usually see in cheese.

Now, Mr Editor, it is well known that there are

If he objects to this explanation of the prod
lion of the worms, by saying that the worms,
not discovered in the rula bagas till the next

orin^

several different kinds of worms, wliich Boinetimes j sftor the poudrette was put on to the land, we
attack the roots of vegetables, but we should not I ply ihat the skippers, maggots, larva or worinj
have room, ill this communication to describe the j which dies make in cheese, il is well known
whble of them, if we had the ability. Yet the main a long lime in the cheese, before they
worms which R. R. P. describes, seem to have had away, and- the worms which ate our cabbage n
a very near rcseinblanco to the worms which used did not do their work, till the next year after
to attack the roots of my cabbages, when I used a poudrelle was ipaiiufacturcd. If he says the liim |
kind of poudrette, the manufacture and use of which he had already used on the land, ought U
which is described in the N. E. Farmer, vol. xvi. ^havo preventeil the depredations of the worms, w(
No. 6, page 43, published Aug. Ifith,' 1837. In : reply that it is only on lime in its causlic state, tbtl
those cases, if the night soil which I used in mak- > we place any reliance for the destruction of tie
ing the poudrette, lay uncovured with earth for a j worms. The lims of R. R. P. was put on to ike
day or two in the summer season, so that it was | land before the poudrette ; and even caustic limt,
exposed to the action of a small kind of fly, wliich | when applied to land which was as highly maiiursd
seemed to delight in it. The roots of the cabba- ! as was the piece which R. R. P. describes, wt
ges which grew in the hills which were manured suppo.se would very soon acquire carbon enoui^hto
with this kind of poudrette, wore invariably attack- deprive the lime of its causticity, and to reiKUr r.
ed with a small while worm, of nearly or quite Ihe j mild, and consequently Ihe lime would nol then be
same shape and size of those which we usually in the condition which we have supposed wud ne-
see in cheese, and I have never seen cabbages cessary to destroy the worms.

which were not manured wilh poudrelle, attacked , Other causes besides strong manures, and the
with this kind of worms. These worms, I supfios- ! worms, may have occasioned R. R. P.'s rula bagii
ed, were the larvie of the small flies before refer- [ to rot, but if il should appear that the poudrQ!
red to, and which may perhaps be the same kind ofj which he spread on his land, was manufuclured
fly which makes the maggots which we usually the year 1839,— especially if it was manufactui
see in cheese. A number of these worms, larva), : without causlic lime, we think it very iialiir;i
or maggots, would fix themselves to the root of a it should have been infested wilh the 1 n .,i uf tbi
cabbage and eat into il, on every side, and they J fly before mentioned. And also, tluil the lam
would frequently eat it quite off. And corn which ! which was contained in the poudrette, should be
was manured in the hlil, wilh poudrelle, which had productive of mischief in 1840.
been cxposerl to the action of these flies, geiiemlly I hope, Mr Editor, that these remarks, will Mj
had a smaller proportion of roots than other corn, deter farmers from giving poudrette a fair tifl
Perhaps this same kind of fl-ies, acting upon the Though my poudrette was very valuable, thfl
poudrette or other manures which were used by | who remember the manner iu which it was forniB^
R. R. P., were the cause of the worms, which will recollect that it contained no lime. Porhaji
punctured and destroyed his rula baga turnips, the addition of sulphate of lime, Iplaster of Pari*,]
When the worms did nol prevent it, the poudrette to the night soil according lo the suggestion of Dl.
produced a growth of cabbages much more luxu- Licbig, would nol only remove its felor, but wouM
riant than we have produced by the use of any oth- : also increase its fertilizing power, Perhaps
or kind of manure. It theicforo seemed very i plaster would also prevent the fly from deposi
desirable that we should find a remedy for the mis- its larva, and would tliu.-f prevent the nii.schief,
chief which the worms occasioned us. And we I have never seen the fly attempt to dcposite ill
have repeatedly tried the following method, and larva in the poudrette after it had become iiiodof.
have always found it to be loii/orm/^ and compWe- , ous. But it is believed that the pondrctH' iiiij
ly successful. be effectually prevented from producing ilicworal

First with a hoe moke a little ridge around the ; before mentioned, by covering with edrlii the mgkl
plant, and at a little distance from it, so that water soil which is used in its manufacture, before the

igli

T

which wns poured on to the -plant, would be pre-
vented from running away, till it was absorbed by
the earth about the routs of the plants. Then
take causlic, iinslacked or recently slacked lime,
and mix il with water, at the rate of (i or 8 quarl.H
of lime to a barrel of water, and then pour from
half a pint to a pint of the lime and water on to
each plant. This has always destroyed the little
rebels, very circrtiially, and has saved the planls.
And we think this courss would probably hove de-
stroyed the worms in the ruta bsgas of your cor-
respondent. If R. R. P. objects that the remedy

flies have had access to it.

I remain, yours, very respectfully,

ASA M. HOLT.

East Haddam, Conn., Feb. 1841.

P. S. — The foregoing was for a long lime mil-
laid, but perhaps it may not be thought altogetlill
useleM, I therefore forward it, though it sccitt
somewhat out of season.

Yours, &c. A. M. H.

East Haddam, Coun., Feb. 21»<, 184vi.

1^

No two things difl'er more thon hurry and dcapaUk \

AND H O R T I C U L T U R A I. R E G [ S 'I' E R ,

293

From llio Allnny Culiiriiior.

IK cu:/ruRK op thk potato.

• Gaylord &. TicKKii — Ohsorvinj an
;n your paper, written by n porsnn on llie
1 of llio IliuNiin, on ihc snbjcct orrai.->ing tliot
bio cn>p, the Potato, I am induceil from my
rii'iu-e in the potnto way, with due deference
vcr. in all probability to his belter jiKl;;msnt,
pi'rliaps to Uia more practical knowledge, In
ymi a low remarks.

in^' of the opinion that a sward plowed in the
•r, say the Inst of April, ia all important to the
rv \tion of the crop, during a severe drought, I
xlreinely careful Ihnt the swnrd should be
d iind harrowed so as to excludfe the air, and
cp as it may be done, in order that it may
ly decay, to aflbrd not only nutriment to thn
of iha vines while growing, but add by its
n decay to the moisture of the gruund, so es-
lly necessary in case of a drought, that being
•ally ruinous to the potato crop, and against
1 we should endeavor to guard. My premises
ue wrong as to tlie use of the swnrd plowed '
; spring. To test which, 1st. I will inquire '
icr a sod would decay so soon end well in
w£atlier as warm ? 2d. Whether, if as well,
bjcct Ihu3 obiaintd can be of equal benefit to
■op, as the consumption of the soil would be,
iig on during the growth of the vine and root
," plant .' 3d. Will not a stitf sward, well
■d under, (as deep as miy be,j and harrowed
in such way that every part of the soil shall
ily be excluded from the eye, but the ground
jlely closed and smooth, if plowed just be-
ilanling, and not disturbed by furrowing, be
•'ans of retaining moisture not only from rains
;w3 to fall thereon, but by prohibiting evapo-
ihrougli the sod from the ground thus cover-
d under the lod, which in the spring of the
must be necessarily moist ? 4th. I am also
[uire whether the ground will be equally
;, plowed in the month of September, after
exposed to the evaporation of the sun and
from that month, beside the freezing and
ng of the winter, as the same ground would
a summer crop, turned up just before plant-
siting aside the difficulty of my friend's cross
ng of the sward in the spring.' .Oth. 1 am
uire whether your lot will be equally well fit-
plow in the spring, (the sward having been
1 up in tiie fall.j taking into consideration that
ur fall plowing you have most probably stop-
r closed up the necessary small furrows,
were made to lead offtlie water found on all
lani^s ? If laid down by a good and pracli-
nner, I contend the sicard thus laid down will
a much belter condition to plow i;i a icet
;, than if it had been previously plowed in
.11.

addition, I would further inquire whether
is not a loss of time, labor, interest of land,
acrifice of manure, in promoting the culture
ur crop by plowing your sward in the month
)tember, as stated by our friend on the banks
' Hudson — 1st. I save time hy one plowing :
3 bo performed immediately before planting.
The labor of my team, as I not only make one
ng answer, but the land will be in belter or-
and my team will have done the work with
more ease, in consequence of the sward
ng easier in the spring than in the inonlh of
iiiber, or fall of the year, as nine times out o(

ten, your swnrd is too dry to plow with onse to
your team in the fall of the year. lid. Rv plow,
ing your sward in .Sopli-mber for a summer crop,
'you lose the interest of the Innd by sncrificing the
natural growth of your grass, during the fnll,
] which if left to grow and plowed under in the
[spring or fed ofl' in the last of the preceding fnll,
j Icnving the manure thereon, would uiiqiicstionnbly
: in either case, odd to the culture and value of the
I spring crop. 4lh. If my premises, in preparing the
ground by spring plowing, are corrt'ct, I appro
hend the application of manure and mode of culti.
vation I havo adopted in raising this valuable crop,
will by some be considered not altogether improper.
In using llie manure, (which I contend should nev-
er be put under the sod,) I ha\o no hesitation in
snying, it should be applied in such way as to iin-
modintely and ndvantigeously operate on the present
crop of potatoes — to effect which I plow my sward
at such time in tlio spring as to finish the piece
just before plnnling — to be plowed and hariowrd
as stated, to plant in hills about two and a half
feet apart, hy furrows made without disturbing the
sod thus plowed. This can be done by harrowing
your sod with a hinge hnrrow, first and second time
ill the same way it was plowed ; that is hy begin,
ning US you began to plow, then to cross harrow so
soon as the potatoes start, then apply the manure
by top dressing each hill — the same to be immeili-
ately plowed by horse and small plow, coitimencing
hy turning the furrow from the hill, going as close
as possible, not only to loosen the ground, but to
cut up weeds, (if any,) which are scarcely found on
sward land thus managed ; this to be immediately
followed by the second plow, turning the furrow to
the hill, from the centre (between furrows) so as
not only to cover the potatoes, but the manure thus
put on the hill, protecting the sauio from the rays
of the sun — this to be done both ways of the rows
of lulls. At the end of eight or ten days, plow
them again, turning the furrow towards the hill,
and as deep as you can, both ways, leaving the
greater part of the sod undisturbed, through which
the roots will find their way — you then havo your
hill left in the shape of a hollow square to receive
the rains — and that without a hoe, saving the ends
of your field, thus finishing the culture. I have
raised by the above method from 300 to 330 bush-
els to the acre, in lots from three to live acres,
and that of Kidneys, the most difficult to raise of
any other potatoe. Should you deem the method
of any consequence to the farming interest, give
the enclosed a notice in your useful paper, being
the only object of the writer, of which he assures
a Westchester Farmer. Columbia.

Claverack, M Y.Jan. 18, 164-2.

herds-grass the second. Thn clover iri nearly ex-
' tinct ot the enil of iho second year; and the rod-
' top, intermixed iviili various nnliirni grnnBci, which
spring np spontnnoonsly, furniNhet n pcrinnnent
mntting to the soil. Fn general, not nearly enough
; seed, pnrticulnily of herds-grnss, is iiown. Tho
I consequence is, that Ihc product is very coarse the
I first and second yenr, which it would not be, iftro-
I blethe quantity of seed were sown. Several f«r-
j mors in the St.ite, whoso authority is entitled to
[respect, practise a much more liberal mode ofsow-
j ing ; and find an advantage in doing it in tho im-
I proved quality of the Imy. The average yield the
j first year is from iwo to three tons ; the second it
may be esiiuiateil al two tons ; and for a coiitinu-
ancc of three years after thai, in favorable seaaulis
and locations, it may be rnted al one to one and a
quarter ton per year. These lands in general, are
mowed once only in a season. Theio is an in-
stance in Conway, of a piece of moist land lying
at the side and foot of a hill, where the soil is
deep, being a rich mould, resting upon a substra-
tum inclined to clay, on which, by copious lop-
dreesinga of barn manure, the product has been
kept up, and averages yearly nearly three tons to
the acre. Of peat lands, I know of no considera-
ble tracts in the county ; and, as yet, no great at-
tention has been paid to the draining, either by
open or under-ground drains, of wet Innds. The
quantity of this kind of lands is not considerable ;
but such improvements, where required, vi'ould be
amply compensated.

The ne.xt quality of grass lands are the alluvi-
ons on the Deerfield and the Connecticut rivers,
and small pntches on their tributary streams.
The alluvial lands on the Connecticut arc rarely
over-flowed; 'excepting at the breaking up of win-
ter : and fhky are, therefore, subjected to a courso
of cultivation the some ns other arable lands.
The rotation on these lands is commonly the first
year corn, or potatoes with manure ; tho some the
second year, and the third year onis, peas and
oats, rye or wheat, with grass.

The low alluvial lands on the Deerfield meadows
essentially differ from these, from a circumstance
already alluded to. They require uo mamiro, and
being entirely alluvial and receiving the richest
depnsitcs, are of extraordinary and inexhaustible
fertility. An example has been given to me of
the product of one of these low 'meadows in Deer-
field, containing nine acres, at a place called Old
Fort.
The first crop of hay was 2.5,323 lbs.

" Second crop, 15,120 "

GRASS AND HAY IN FRANKLIN COUNTY,
MASSACIIUSETIS.

Grasses. — Grass may be considered as the prin-
cipal crop. In the hill towns, and what may be
called the uplands, the artificial grasses are culti-
vated, such as clover, [Iri/oliitm pratfnse,) herds-
grass or timothy, {phleum pratense,] and red-tnp,
[agrostis vulgaris.) In general, thr^^e pecks of red-
top, one of herds-grass, and four to six pounds of
clover-seed are sown, when land, which has been
cultivated, is laid down to grass. The land is laid
down with some grain, either wheat, rye or oats ;
and the grass-seed is sown with the grain. Bar-
ley is scarcely grown at all in the country.

The clover predominntes the first year ; the

40,443 lbs.
Tho hay was sold and delivered as soon

as cured, at $9 per ton, .SI82 00

The fall feed sold for 4 50

The whole labor wr.s performed by con-
tract at four dollars per acre for both
crops, 3(i 00

Leaving a balance in favor of the land of $150 50
The hay was considered ns sold at a low rate.
The same quality of hay in the following winter,
brought 13 dollars per ton. — Caiman's Fourth Re-
port.

Tiie Northampton Courier says the trees in that
V4cinity appear as if it were the middle of April.

•294

N E A\' ENGLAND FARMER

MARCH IR, IN'

A.NI> IIORTICULTURAI/ KF.OISTER.
BOSTOK, Wr.DKESDAT, MarcH Hi, 1842.

SUBSOIL PLOWING.

But liilli! i« yel known in llils cnunlry of the etTeci of
•lirring lln; sulisoil of llie fi^lds wecullivale. Our read-
en well know lliat in England the practice had been
very druidi-dly advantageous. But there, undcrdrain-
inir guntriilly precedes the subsoil plowing. They '.
have in old j^iiglnnd a heavier ei>\\ than mist of our»,
and their skies are more watery than those wliirh bend
oyer New Engl.ind. Consequently onr practices must
be in m-my respects difTerenl from those of the F.nglish
farmers. While we. have U)niiy spots that require under
draining, ii is doubtless true that il would be far from
economical to under-drain the mass of the fields of this
country. They are, in iheir natural Btate, so diy as not
to suffBr from encessive nioi.sture, while the relative
price of l.di'.r and hind liere, the former liigh and the
latter l"i>, compared with English rates, is a sulTicieiit
reason whv wc may not infer that a mode of operation
which p.nvs viA\ there, would involve us in loss.

The objection against general under-draining, does
not lie with equal force against subsoil pli>wiug. The
latter is coniparatively •\ cheap operation, not costing
more than (rorn Tiur to six dollars per acre. In the vi-
cinity of Boston, the question may be a very simple one,
and seltled by a cheap oxperiment. Will an acre ot
land, well siihsoiled and dressed with six cords of good
manure, produce as much in the course of crops from
one breaking np to another, as the same acre would
yield if not subsoilcd, but dressed with seven cords of
manure ? Thii qucslion is not settled here, and it can-
not be until years have elapa-;d. We cannot give facta
as yet which will serve as a ^satisfactory basis of an ar-
gument in favor c»f subsoil phuving generally. But we
saw several different crops hist season, upon ground
that had the suhsoil plow run through it in the spring,
and as well as we could judge by tlie eye, the crops oifr
this land were i i;;ht or ten por cent, larger here than on
the contiguous land treated otherwise the same. But
independently of these imperfect experiments, an argu^
ment, and as we judge, a strong one, may be given in
favor of stirring the earth below where our plows usually
run.

Whoever has noticed heaps of earth that have bee>ir
thrown up wht^e wells have been dug, or ' where
ditches and trenches have beef) cut, knovfs that lh«
oarlh which lias been thus moveil, is far less barren
than similar earth l)ing in its original stale. Simply
throwing over soils, increases their fertility. Subsoil
plowing, loosening up the pan, will bring new particles
in contact, will facilitate the circulation of air, and
cause snme chemical action. Where such activn takes
place, the phints generally find nourishment.

But the most obvious fact connected with this pro-
cesss, and the oii« which common farmers will most re-
gard, irt yet t(f be stated. Every plowman knows, that
in all olil 111 Ids which liavc been plowed many limes,
and at a nearly uniform depth, a hard pan or crust is
formed by the rubbing of the bottom ol'the plow and f>y
the trending uf the cattle in the furrow. This pan ope-
rates to keep t'lo surface waters from descending freely
in times of copious laiiis, and italso brinks up that com-
municaliun between the upper soil and the subiioil
which favors the drawing up of water from below,
sponge wise, in times of drought. Il blows hot and cold
with the saniu breath : In other words, if you break up
that crust at the bottom uf the furrow, your land will b«

less wet when the great rains come, and will be more
moist during the dry periods of summer. The princi-
pie is precisely the same as that which lets the water
run through the sponge if you put upon it more than il
can bold by its attraction, and which at the same time
lets the sponge, if not very wel, tike up water to all its
parts, if you hold one cmd of it in water.

This view of the matter is given In the hope that
many will be induced the present seantm to test the
value of this operation. Subsoil plows of dilTerent pal-
terns, may be had at the principal ngriiultural ware-
houses in Boston. Mr Howard has two patterns for
sale at Messrs. J. Breck & Co.s Waichouse, either of
which will do its work well, and to any depth you
choose, not exceeding l«n inches below the bottom of
thii common lijrrow. But these can lie worked only by
n strong ten.n ; four or six large oxen are needed.

We have ft plan for s irring the subsoil a little by the
iise of a less expensive implement. The land on which
we propose to use it, is free ftorn stones, and is rather
loose than tenacious. We have looked at the cultiva-
tor tooth, and find it six inches long or more. We pro-
pose to take a stick of liaid wood limber four or five
feet Ion", and insert a cultivator loolh near one and,
and the wheel ofa plow iiPar the other. To this timber
wo will fix a handle or hnndles, and make this answer
our purpose on some of our lands, 'i'he work will be
but imperfectly done — but as we can do this with the
team that is needed to plow the surface, we shall adopt
it out of mercy to our oxen and our purse. We mention
the pUn, thinking that possibly some one on some rainy
day may fix for himself a simple tool of the kind. We
are induced to hope some good will result from this
scratching in the bottom of the furrow, partly by a state-
ment made to us by Mr Cement, of Albany. After he
had furrowed or marked out his corn ground last spring,
ho drew some simple hook or iron prong along in the
bottom of each furrow. His corn continued green
through the drought, while that in his neighbors' fields
rolled and almost perished The difference in the ap-
pearance of this field and orliers in the vicinitv, was so
•great as to induce travellers to stop and inquire the
(Saiise. Mr B. could assign no other cause than that
^slight and imperfect eubsoiling to which he resorted.
,Tlvs course niight be imitated at a very trifling cost.

3

Dr. Uana is chemist lo the Calico Works belong
the Merrimack Corporation in Lowell. It is well k
that cow dung h:ig been extensively used in calici
tablishments to fix the colors. In attempting to
what it was that gave this properly to cow dung, 0
Dana was led loan extensive analysis ■ifinanure'^ Ti
bearing which his results have upon agriculture
forth in this book. Many uf his positions arc o|i{
lo the doctrines of the times. We suppose they
Tneet doubt and "repudiation." But what we
say to our intelligent fitrmers is, read and refli
yourselves. The whole matter is here laid befoi
in a nut-^>hel!. Bring it to ihn test of «ne of thow]
pic experiments herein detailed, which every man
has a patch of ground can easily make for himi
Perhaps your njperience will be like that uf some
tical farmers whose letters are given in the Apj
Should it be so, it would be ditliculi to estimate thi
to our agricultural interest whicli this little book
lined tu contribute. A Cokstant Readi

We have not yet Jiad the pleasure of seeiog the
which a friend describes in the preceding commi
lion. But the subject is highly impoitant, and
ihur's well known skill leads us to ex|>ect to &ad
book much valuable information. — Bx>.

rom tern I"
water i y

i„.i;,-» . . I

[Communicated.]

A Muck Manual for Farmf.rs. Byt*AMUEi.L Daha.
Lowell : Daniel Bixby, ltf42. Duodecimo, pp. 242.

This is said to be ," the pith of eight lectures on the
Chemistry of Soil and Manure," delivered at the re-
quest uf some citizens in Lowell, to whom the work is
inscribed. It has for 'its motto the following sentence
from Lord Bucon — "It is usual" to help the ground with
muck, and likewise to reconip<iat with muck, put to the
roots; but to water il willi muck-water, which is like to
be more Ion ible, is not practised " That text contains
a glimpse of the philosophy of the book before us, and
W4 have a Icacneil and a highly practical sermon. In-
deed, this is in truth a book for farmers. Its title — the
manner in which it is printed, (by sections, each of a
few lines, lor sake of eimy reference) — its perfectly lu-
lelllgible style — the happy and perspicuous application
of great principles of chemiatry lo the commonesl pro-
cesses of agriculture— the work, also, of Q aagacinus,
clear-headed, prai-.tnol chemist, of long experience, and
independent habits of thought,— these considerations
recummend it as a book for farmers — for nil liirmois.
A " Manual" it is called — and we believe that farmers
who study their own interests, will have it in their
hands, and will fix its great principles in their minds.

CATTLE— ATTENTION TO THEM NOT

lAct. — See thai all lice upon your oxen and cowt I '
destroyed forthwith. Recently we quoted from
other paper a statement which averred that
which polaloes hare been bolted, will kill cattle
this be true, it is a cheap and safe remedy. Tin
of whale oil soap are found destructive to Ihei-f
There are many other remedies, some of wluciii
known to every farmer. We are noi anxious tol
scribe any particular remedy — but our purpose is toj
join it upon every owner of lousy stock, to app
ihcir backs something, that will destroy the lice :
urge it rs a matter of compassion and of profit. Doj
the speechless brutes frotn the ilchings and i
which the lice cause, from mercy to the beasts
selves — do it also because the lousy brutes will khl
thrive as well as others.

The Cards. — Let the card be oflen and failiifullyj
plied at this season of the year, not to the ox "B\ji
to ihe cow also ; and if it find iis w.iy to the hug's
it will do him no harm.

Care in Fee/ling. — Feed your stock carefully {
well — keeping Ihom from falling away at the comin
of warm weather, wlien the appetite often decrai
and the animals lose Hcsh unless well tended.

Coirs about to Calve. — Cows that are soon to
should bo well fed upon good, but dry food. Much
fiammntion in the udder is often caused by feeding upoi
roots, meal, or the like before the calfhas been dr opp^i

There is no advantage in distending ili' i

feeding. The painful distension prixli.
habit, and oflen does permanent injury i a iJ

amilker. Afler the calf Is ready lo draw ibe milk mi
take off the hardness of the udder, food may Im- gini
freely of such kind as will cause a copious Bow of mS-

There is one great principle which with the farfli
should have due weight allowed it, and that is, loukitl
for happiness at home ; and perhaps there is no Olt
thing, olif o/ the house, more condueivn to this, tlitS*
well arianged and well cultivati d g.irdin. The InrMI
should remember that every tree, sliiuband flmverbs
cullivalos, cuustilutes a new lihk of attachment to \M
biin to his home, and render that homo more delijjhlAI
—Jib. Cult.

I

k'Ol,. XX, JIO. 37.

AND H 0 R T I C U T. T U R A T, REGISTER.

495

TIIKIIMOMKIKICAI..
Rrp4ir1rit (or the Nrw Kntlanil Kftrmfr.
j»o( (liii rhorinoinrlpr nl (lii> (innlpiiof llir propriclom
,Ww Kn](Ufitl Furmrr, nrigliliin. Mam. in m ■hndnt
«i.ly rx|M>»iip«. for the wM-k emling Mnirh IS.

Ii, 1«|2

7

33

39

3S

6

M

3i

37

»

36

61

43

10

aa

«S

67

II

34

36

32

Vi

18

2.'.

27 1

13

24

35

36 1

16 A.M. I 12, M. I 6,I>..M. | Winil.

N. E.
N.
S. W.

s. w.
N. a.

N. W.

s. w.

ill ro.V MARKKT.—.MoMiAT, March 14, IH4a.
llrlK'rlp.l ri.rlhr .N«w Entlnnil F«rincr.
.Market 270 H«cl Cattle, 20 pairs Working oxen,
iw« niiJ Calves, 300 Slieip, anil 420 Swine.

— Iltef Calllt \V» noticd a Tjw choice cat-
ken nl JiG. First quality, ^.'i M a 5 75. Second
■ v, $1 75 n 5 2."). Tl.iid quality, $:i 75 a 4 50.
rkins Ozen. — Wo noticed the following •alee $67,
">, and 07.

rp. — Several lots sold ; prices to us not known,
le.— Selected lots to peddle 4 for sows and 5 for
It, a lot taclose, 3 1-2 and 4 l-°2. .At relnil, from
10 G.
landColrts. Sales $18, 22,25, 28, and 30.

nOLESALB PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uUh great care, wtxkly.
5DS. Herds Grass, $2 50 to 3 00 per hushel Red Top,
I mills. Clover— .\nrllieri), II to lie— Soulliera, II to
H.1I Seed, $1 3 J to I S5 iiu. Lucerne, 25 c. per lb.
y Seed, t] 30 a 4 60 per bushol.
Al\. The sales of the week hare been seTeral car-
c!lu<v fl:U Corn al 56 a 5d ; and while 50 a 61c. per
iiurihern round, which is scarce, 63c ; Outs, few in
t, Diiuo bushels Delaware sold al 46 I -2c per bushel ;

t sale &2c.

a — Norlhcri>, bushel — to — — do. Round Yellow —
-Ao. Soulheru Flat V'ellow 57 a 68— While do. cO X61

tf — a — —Rye, Northern, 75 a Oats, Soulh-

a 47 — Northern do. 43 to 49— Beans, per bushel 75

OUR. Genecee we quote tC 44 a «6 50i Ohio, $6 a
>mraon brands, cash.
imore, Howard Street, 4 nios. cr. S6 00 a — — do.

9i 75 a 6 00 do. free of garlic, 86 00 a Phila-

1 do. 4 mos. $5 97 a Kredericksburg, lowl'd 4

l$5 87 B Alexandria, wharf mountain, a

wreelown, 46 00 a 6 I2— Richmond Canal, 86 00 a
1. City.tG 75— Pelersburgh, Cilf Mills, 86 00 a 6 25
/OUntry 85 75 a 3 87 — Genesee, common, cash, 4$ 44 a

0 fancy brands 86 51) a 6 56 — Ohio via Canal,

1 6 37— Indian Jlcal in bbls., S3 00 a 3 25.

) VISIONS. Sales by auction, the following parcels:
Is Mess Pork, 8 50 a 83 75 per bbl ; CO do Clear do,
do ; too do Prime, 86 20 ; 70 do Chimes and Rumps,
U do do. Clear, 810 75; 44 do Mess, 88 a 8 25 ; 39 do
83 per bbl. 4 mos ; 75 bbU. Western Beef, old, 4 50

I I.I\\,V..> IIOTAMC «Ji\l»l>l':\ A.\l> .MIISKUY

I >'LCilill>u, I., i. NEAH NKW VOUIl.

I { LiUe qf i\fettra. Prince.)

The new Proprietors of this long cslalilinhed
and well known Nurmrv. IdIo Iho proiwrly of
Wiltiiiin Priiier, f<>q ,nnil cuinpnniiitf the prein-
i..rv oev-tipiril and cuhivaled b) hiin as a .Nur-
sery (or nearly fifty years, tnleiid iint mil^ lo
j spare iin puiiis or expense to niaiiitnin the ancirnt eelebriiy
"I this eKlnbllshment lor its unrivalled collection of Tree«,
J >hrub« and Plant's, but to endeavor to merit the eonfidence
ami }tatruiia|ie of the public, by iiiti-Krity and liberalitv in
di':ilini;. and moderalion lni'hari;e«. I.eing ni e of llii' i>l<1e»i
! .\irse'rie>i in the United Sinles, fniin.led upwards of hiilf u
renmry since, and great piiins and exjieiise linvini; for a lontj
I scries of years been bestowed by tlio late proprietor, in pro-
I curini; and cultivating every thing that was valuable, it no
' iioubt eoiilaiiis at the present time a more extensive cidlec-
ticMiof Trees, Shrubs, Plants, etc., -variety as well as quan-
tiiy being consiilered. — lhun can be found elsewbtre iu the
United Slates. They now olTer for sale,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES,

Kvergreens, ("lowering Shrubs, and Ilerlioceous Plants,
Inilboiis Flower Kools, splendid Dahlias, of the latest va-
rieties, etc. Ornamental Trees and livergreeiis of an fxlra
size can be supplicij. A liberal discotliit will be made on
large orders.

It is hoped that the public will not be misled by the at- j
tempt to transfer ihe name by which this Nursery has been
distineiilshod for forty years, to a piece of ground purchased
expressly and used principally for the purpose of a prixate
residence, another small lietiiched piece to which Mr. Prince
Sen., has recently removed, which was cultivated os a Nur- I
sery before Ihe Revolution, but has nut been for niany years I
past, except lo propogale Moius Multicaulis, and to another |
piece purcliascd only four years s:uce. The Proprietors
have no wish to refer to the name of, or in any wise to inter- i
fere with, the late proprietor, -further than is indispensably |
ni-cessary in strict justice to themselves, to wit : to ideiilify j
the premise's, make known the change of ownership, and lo
have the benefit of the reputation of this long established,
extensive, and well known Nuisery as such, afid which they j
purpose not only lo continue, but'lo increase ; and they will <
endeavor, and confidently hope by vigorous exertion' and a I
liberal expendiuire, t<T continue such reputation for the Nur- I
sery, and by strict integrity and liberality in dealing to estab-
lish one for thcmsehcs.

Orders addressed to the subscriber, the conductor of flie I
establishment for the present proprietors, will be pronintly
attended to. New Catalogues al rcducct/ ;)ricc» luriiislKul
gratis.

The subscriber also offers for sale a general assortment
of Garden, Field, and Flower Seeds, in large or small quan-
tities, warranted g-enuinc andTres/i.

March 16. 2w G. R. GARRETSON.

iJAKDKN .\ND PIEI.D SEEDS.

JOSKPH HKKCK & CO. have received their full supply
of Garden and Field Seeds, which they warrant to be pure
and fresh, as folb

, do do.

—Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 25 a 9 50 — Navy— 83 00 a 8

0. 81 7 50 a 7 73— do Prime 83 00 a 5 50— Pork-
clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a 12 50— do Clear 811 a 11 iO

Mess 89 00 a 9 60 — do Prime 87 00 a 8 00— do Mess

Slates — a —
OL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ax-
on shall not exceed 8 cu. per pound, free. All where-
valiie exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. aad
Kt pound.

mp^rianl operations have been made in this article
the week, and for most descriptions former prices are
jed.

le or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 « 60-c. — Amer-
ull blood, do 43 a 46— Do a-4do40 a 41 — Do. 1-iido
(7_1.4 snd common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Sheep,

1, 2u a 26— Do. unwashed, 10 a 14— Bengasi do
-Saxonj, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine .\orthern pulled lamb 37
.No. 1 do. do. do. 35 a 37— No. 2 do no do 23 a 30-
do dodo 18 a 20.

PS. No change exists, and sales are extremely limit-

iort, Mass. 1341 per lb 12 a 13.

Y, per ton, 820 to 25— Eastern Screwed 819 to 20.
EESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 5 to8.
GS, 16 a 2S.

Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowlat, &c.
White Aliringham Carrol
Long Orange do.

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurtzel Beet.
Sugar do.
l.oag Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Rula Baga.

Turnips in great variety-
Early and Late Beans
sorts.

FRUIT, ORKAMENTAl. TUBES, &c.

NURSEKV OK WILLliM KENRICK,

Of Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry Trees,
a collection unrivalled in any former year, (or ex-
lensive numbcra of fine trees, of new and finest
kinds. Large addiiions of new, valuable, or

beautiful, are just received from Europe.

sclierrics of firsl quality, Apples, Quinces, Grape
Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Strawberries, &c. The new
abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1S4S, will be sent to
all who apply.

Ornaineulal Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. Splen
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses—
of Tree Pceonics, of llcibarcous Pieonics, and other flower-
ing Plants— of double Dahlias, Ate, Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in mats and moss lor safe transport lo all distant
|ilaces by land or sea. and delivered in the city free of charge,
lor transportation bt :ic.>iagon *liirh is sent thither daily,
or orders may be Icll allhe sland, al No. 44 Congress slrcel,
Boston. WILLIAM KKNRICK

Nonanium Hill, Newton.
March 9. eplt2thjune

SITUATION W ANTED

AS GARDNER— by one thai has served a regular ap-
prenticeship in Europe, and has had seven years' experience
in this country. The best of reference given. Address J.
D. at this oOlce. March 9.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinproveim iii> have bein made the pasi )ear in tiM
form anil workiiiaii-.bip ol these Plough* ; the mould b< ard
has been so formed a* lo /ov Ihe Jurrmr '^rii'lr'eftf oerr
turnwf( in every particle q/' /p-aBaor tiul^ir,antl iracinr the
/frnuiid in III,- licft jiOKtible manner. The lenyili of lb*
mould board bus In n very much increanci, so that iIm
PbiiiKli works niili Ihe grealeM ea-te, both wiih re«(i<et lo
[ the holding and iin- leani. The Committee at Ihe bile trml
of Ploughs at Worn St. r, say,

" Shoiibl our upinmn be asked as lo which o( the Pb.ugha
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might nerhupv say lo
Ihe inquirer, il your land is inosiiy light and easy lo wotk,
try Prouty it Moars, but if your land w heaty, h iri orrocl.y,
nKoiN WITH Ma. HowAnn'a.''

At Ihe above mi'.tMned irial the Howard Plough ilH
more work, wilh Ihe same jHnrcr nftram.tlinn any other
phiifrh cshibitrd. Nu other tiiriied more than lwenlyar/«»
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. drangbl, while th*
f Inward Plough turned txcentimine and one /ia(f inchee, te
Ihr name foicrr of team ! All acknowledge that Howard'!
Ploughs are much the strongest and most bubstanlially
mntle,

'I'liere has been quire an improvemi'ni made on the shoe,
or land side o( this Plough, which can be tenewed without
having lo furnish a new biiidside: this shoe likewise seciiif*
the mould board and landside together, and sireiigiheus the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 96 to 815. A Ploni-h,
sufficient for breakmg up with (our cattle, will cost bImihI
810 60, and with culler 9|, with vkheel and culler, 82 6(1
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
Ihe New England "Agricultural Warehoise and Secit Stole,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

t AR.1I IN 1.EXISGTON

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as the Hasting*
Place, containing tibout 120 acre.", arijoining the Farm of
E. Phiniiey. Tlie land is of excellent quality, *ell stocked
with fruit trees, and a gooil supply of vountr wood. For
terms apply at this office, or of E. PHINNEY, living near
the premises. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1848.

FARMS For SALE.

To be sold, a Farm containing about ninety acres of Land,
lieaulifutiysiluated, one mile and a quarter from the centre
of Billerita, on the main road leading from Lowell lo Bos-
ton ; 7 nmes from the former, and 17 miles Irnin the latter
place. There is a large Dw lling House thereon, suitable
for two families; also a large Barn. Also, an establish,
menl built two ycara since for keeping swine, with an appar-
atus for boilin* with steam, and having every other conve-
nience for the business. Also a Wood Shed, Chaise House,
Granary, and Cider Mill House, with a Grater Alill.

Also, another Farm aiijo'ning the above, conlaiiiing about
Ibirty (tvc acres of Land, having a Dwellin ; House and large
Shop built two years ago, for a shoe esiablishmenl. The i-
bove named lands are of an excellent quality o( every variety
of soil, well calculated for profitable farmiiiL, and especially
adapted to Fruit, Hay and Vegetables f jr market, and con-
taining more than 8»6 Fruit Trees-- Said estate can be con-
veniently divided so as lo make three good (arms, or the
shop with live or six acres of land can be sold seiiarately lo
suit purchasers.

The above properly if not previously sold at private sale,
will be sold at Public Auction on Thursday the 17th of March
next at 10 o'clock A. M. oji the premises.

Any gentleman from the city, wishing a band.some situa-
tion lor a country residence, or any farmer oi mrchanic wish-
ing to |iurchase,may do well to call ond view the premises.

Inquire of the subscriber, living near the same.

SEUENO FISK.

Billerica, Jan. 19, 1842. ist 17M.

FARM For. SAL,E.

For sale a Farm in Lexington situated one mile west of
the Village, and II miles from Boston, containing 173 acres,
including about 40 acres of wood land, the soil is rich, and
under a high stale of cultivation. On the premises is a
large Dwelling House, which will conveniently acco.i.niodolo
two families; a large Barn, Shed, Chaise House, Mill
House, Cider Mill and Ice House, and an extensive Piggery,
all of which are new, or in good repair. The Farm is stock-
ed with every variety of Fruit, and the Ganlen, which in-
cludes about an acre, wiih a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering I'laats, which the proprietor has devoted several
years in procuring, with great care and »xpcuse. Within
the garden is a Green House, 40 feet by 16, with suitable
buildings adjacent to accommodate the Gardener. The
House IS healed upon the most approved plan, and is slock-
ed with a variety of the best Grapes, Fiowering plants, &c.

A valuable stock of improved Short Horn, Durham, North
Devon, and Alderney Cattle will be sold to the purchaser of
the I'arin if wanted. For further particulars inquire ol
ARAD PROCTER, on the premises, or of JAMES VILA,
Bath Street, Boston.

If not disposed of al private sale it will be offered at
Auction on Friday, Ist o(^ April at 3 o'clock P. H.

Feb. 16. eplAl

290

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

1

AIARCH 16, 1S4.J.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE WIFE'S RKJOICING.

ToNK ; — " There's nae luck about the house."

And nre ye eurc the nevva is true,

Anil ate yt sure he 's signed ?
J can't believe the joyful inle,
And leave my fears behind
If John has signed and drinks no more,

The happiest wife nin 1
That ever swept i» collage hearth,
Or sungn lullaby !

l''or tjiere's nan luck about tho house.

There 's nae' luck at a',
And gane 's the comfort o' the house,
8ince he to drink did fa' .'

Whose eye so kind, whose hand eo alrong,

\\ lioyc love so true will shine,
If ho has bent his heart and hand

The total pledge to sign.
But what puts doubting in my head'

I iriist he 'II taste no mi're ;
Be still, be still, my beating heart I

Mark ! hark '■ he 's at the door I

For there 's nae luck about the house, &<:.

And blessings on the helping hands,

That send him bnck to inc.
Haste, ha8ie,ye little ones, and run

Your father's face to sec.
And are you sure, my John, you 've signed ?

And are you sure 't is past.'
Then inino 's the happiest, brightest homo
On tcm'prance' shores at last !

There 'sheen nae luck about the house,
But now 't is comfort a' !
And Heaven preper\'e my ain gude mar,
That ho may never fa'.

him, which had been weighed and paid for, and Mr
S. had fjonc to the desk to g-et chanije for a note.
Happening to turn his head while there, be «aw in
a (jlasB that luing so as to reflect the store, a stout
aim roacli up and take from the shelf a licavy white
oak cheese. Instead of appearing suddenly and
rebuking the man for his tJiefl, end thereby losing,
his custom forever, the crafty old ganlleman gave
the thief his change as if nothing had happened,
and then, under the pretence of lifting the bag to
lay it on his horse, look hold of it. On doing bo,
it appeared heavier tlian he seemed to e.vpect, upon
which ho e.xolaimed, " lllcss mo! I must have
reckoned the weights wrong."

" Oh, no," said the other, " you may be sure of
that, for I counted tlicin with yon."

"Well, well, we won't dispute about the matter
— it's easily tried !"' replied Mr S., putting the bag
into the scale ogain. "There!" said he, " I told
you so — I knew I was right — made a mistake of
near twenty pounds: — however, if you don't want
it all, I 'II lake part of it out !"

" No, no!" said the other, staying the hands of
Mr S. on his way to the strings of the bag, " I
rather guess I'll take the whole." And this he
did, paying fur his rascality by receiving skim milk
clitetc at tho price of fine wool.

A Wool Stoby. — The following etory is told of
Mr Sheafe, founerly a grocer in Portsmouth, New
Hampshire :

A man had purchased a <iuantity of wool fromV''"''^ ignorance. So by reflux influence, they en-

middle ages in Europe. Erhard, Bodolt, of Augs-
burg, Uldrick Han, of Rome, Vandelin de Spira,
and Aldus Mauritius, of Venice, Gering, of Paris,
Anthony Koburger, of Nuremburg, Ulric Tel, of
Cologne, Tarotus, of Milan, Caxton, in England,
with many others, were eminent as men of learn-
ing ; the associates of the great ; respected and
honored by kings and princes.

The Stephens, Robert and Henry, were two of
the most distinguished printers and scholars of the
sixteenth century. Their services in the cause of
classic literature cannot be overrated ; they were
giants in learning.

Many instances might be cited corroborative of
the fact, that there is an intimate connexion be-
tween printing and knowledge, and that printers
have frequently been celebrated as authors, and
have risen from the manual labor of the press to
the most elevated rank in society and letters.
Bayle mentions a printer who printed a book from
liie head, selling up llie types as fast as he compos-
ed his sentences, without the intervention of man-
uscript, or eommitling his thoughts to paper. Sir
William Blackstone, the erninciit jurist and coin-
inenlator on English laws, was a printer by trade.
Franklin was brought up to the same art, and
George HI. King of England, was so pleased with
it, that he partially learnt the trade, and frequently
set up types after lie nscoiided the throne. In the
United States, tho memory of almost every man
who has moved much in society, will furnish him
instances in which practical printers have risen to
great eminence in the church, nl the bar, in the
halls of legislation, and in ihe cabinet of the Ex-
ecutive. The art of printing is indeed a noble art,
and every little type which the compositor arran-
ges, seems like a ray of knowledge sent out to die

lighten his iiwn mind, inspire a thirst for learning,
while al the same time they furnish the only living
water which can satisfy his desires. — Savannah
Georgian.

Pbl-iters. — There seems a natural aflinity be-
tween printing and learning. Most of the early
printers were men of great erudition, and acknuwl-
edged obilities ; the lights of the age in which
they lived, and who through the medium of their
preascs did much to scalier the darkness of the

FL.OWBK. 8KKDS.

JOSEPH BRKCK & CO., Nns. CI and 62 North Mar-
ket street, ofl'.r for sale their usual variety of Flower Seeds,
comprising all Ihat are desirable for culliTdtion.

Hoslon, March 9lh, 1842.

SKEDS FOR HOT BROS.

The subscriliers offer for sale a ereot variety of Vegeta-
ble Seeds desirable for the Hot bed, as follows,

Nonparicl Cobl.ago.
Early Hope do.
Early Synoi's Cucumber.
Fine I.ong Green do.
E-s Plant.

Early Cauliflower.

" Broccoli, of sorts.
Celery, superior sorts.
Sweet Marjorum.

Forsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., »l tho Kew Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 6i Norlh Market
Street, Boslon. March 9.

ADItllKISTRATOR'S SALE

At I o'clock, P. M. on MOiNDA Y, March, 28lh, 18<a, will
be sold at public Auclion, a e""il Farm silualeri in Dover,
Mass, about 15 miles from Hoslon, ccmlainin^ about 60 acres
of t;onil land, having a young Orchard of Fruit Trees, viz:
'^''l.r "' ',''"'"'*' Quinces and Currants, with about ten acres
ol Woodlan.l wilh a House, Barn and sood water, and
XVoodblii'd, and olhor out buildings built about 10 years

The above l''"arin will be sold at a reasonable price, l)y or
dcr ol an adniinislraior to tetlle the cstale.

For further particulars inquire of I.ELAND MANN, near
the premises, or JOSEPH CALLENUEK, No. 3 Water st

Uoslo

Mnrch 9.

FOlt 8 A LB),

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
''s"'l- E. PHINNEY.

w

APPL.S1 PAREKS.

Just received at the New England Agricultural .,
house, No 51 and 52 North Market Sireel, a good supn
Slanln/s Superior Apple Parcrs, a vcrv useful anicli-. '
one ui these macliiucs a bushel of apples may be pared
a very iliori lime in the best po>sible manner, and witlign
saving ol ihe apple, as ibe oulsides may be taken oil alt
r('(|iiirt'<l thickness. The above is also for sale al N P. j
WILLIS, No, 4S North Market Street, SCVDDER, CU
DIS ii CO., and HOSMER& TAPPAN, Milk Street. ,

Sept. 1 6w JOSEPH BRECK & Ctt

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, swl
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRB^
CO., No. 62 North Market st. Aprils

AGRICULTL'RAl. UIPL.E.11ENTS, Ac

The I'rnprietnrs of the New Eneland Agricultural Wb
house :iiul Seed Slore No. 61 and 62 Norlh Market sir
Wdulil uilnrm their customers and the public (jeocrallyi
they have on banil the most extensive assortment of A
cultuinl and Horticultural Tools to be found in Ihe Ui
StatLs. Part ol which are the following:

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
ino (Jrei^nc's Straw Cullers.
50 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
too Willis' Patent Corn

Sliellers.
50 Common do do.
2i/0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutlers
.'iO ('ommon do, do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
2uo (irain Cradles.
Kill Ox Yokes.
15(111 Doz- Scythe Stones.
300(1 '• Austin's Ri6es.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovt^p'
150 " Common do,
100 " Spades.

Grass .Scythes.

Palent Snaiihs.c

Common do.

Hay Rakes.

Garden do.

Manure Forks. ^

Hay ilo.

500 Pair Trace Chains. ■'
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.

60O Tic up do.

60 doz. Haller do.
1000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on rolla

500
300
200
BliO
200
200
300

GUl-:EN>S PATENT STRAW CUTTER.

^

mom
Lexington, I'cb

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at Ihe New England A^
lural Worehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 onri 52 North]
ket Street, have for sale. Green's Palent Straw, Hay
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not I
applied to any implemenl fur this purpose. Tlie most |
incut elTecIs of this npplicalicn, and some of the caasoii|t
peculiarities of the machine are :

1 . So great a reduction of the quantum ol power reqnt
to use it, that the strength of a half grown boy is sur
to work it elficienlly.

2. Wilh even ibis moriorale power, it easilycutstwot
ols a minute, which is lull twice as fasi as has been cli
by any other machine cvou when worked by hori
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which]
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any <
straw culler.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made an
together very strongly. It is Ihercl'ure not so liable
complicated machines in general use tu getnul of on

BVN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon (l Mo;>re'8, Sun Did
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving tbaj
of day in ihe garden or field. Price 75 cents. For I
J. U1U£C1^ $■ CO., No 61 Bud C2 North Market St. ^ ■

Sept IT '

NEW KNGLANU FARMER.

A WEKKLT PAPER.

Terms, $3 per year I'a advance, or:|2 5J if not ^
nitbin thirty days.

N. B. — I'oslinasters are perniitlcd by law to frank •
subscriptions and reiiiiilancss for newspapers, wuhoi
ezpenso to subscribers.

TUTTLB AKD DBHNETT, FKIMTEaS.

AND II O n T I (; U L T U 11 A L K K (i I S T K U .

^

PUBLUjUEO by JOSEPH BRECK dc CO., NO. $8 NOUTH MARKET STRKET, (AohioulturaC Wa»«iiou»k.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MARCH 23, 1842.

(HO. 3a.

N . E. FARMER

For th« New England Farmer.

METCALF'S ROTATION FARTHER EX-
PLAINED.
Jr .^llem Pvt.vam — Dear Sir — In my commii-
tion lo you a tew weeks since, I stated ihat my
1 was " tlie common loam." By this I mean
it is similar to much of the land in this vicini-
Biit perhaps I ehould give you a more correct
lof tlie land upon which I wish to practice the
Uon then drscnbed, by saying that it is rather
tiff, heavy Inain ; for after lying three iir four

in grass, it becomes compart and tenacious
igh when broken up and fairly subdued, it is
low and pleasant to cultivate.
'or tliis reason 1 consider it an object to keep
I land under the plow for three successive
I, with the mode of treatment before described :
as we cannot obtain a crop of corn or wheat
out ptoieing, is it not well to till our land when
en up, in a manner best adapted to the suc-
tful cultiva.ion of those crops?
citizen of this town, who has received premi-
for the best crops of corn, has, in tkose instan-
()tanted upon land which was cultivated the
previous ; and the succeediiig year he has
id the land to wheat, for which he has also ob-
ed premiums.

<rtai crops arc not what I am aiming after at
tnt ; but the gradual and permanent improve-
it of the soil; which by /ormir treatment has
exhausted. But^after the first series of crops,
'.icipate grciter results in the amount of pro-

than was first obtained.
■d I all the means of enriching my land that I
d wish, I cannot say that I should pucstie just
•ne; but having manure sufficient for only
ell part of the land I wish to cultivate annu-
I confine it to certain fields in rotation; and
•t to othir mraiis for the improvement of other
ona of my t'arm, the soil of which is of a differ-
haracter — for the farms lying upon the hills
mllcys of Berkshire, are made up of a variety
jls.

» sowing peas upon the inverted turf the first
I do not mean to convey the impression that
im this the best way to obtain a gre:it crop of
: I am confident that it is not. But as I sta-
efore, it prepares the land for the application
3 manure the next year; and the amount of
produced will fully compensate for the labor
wed upon the land.

ike the idea of not disturbing the turf when
turned down. For by keeping it below the
ce, giving it Buflicient time for decomposition,
ids lo increase the dapth of soil ; and to effect
I would plow iletp when breaking up, and not
lep when cross plowing the next year ; so ns
oid turning up the whole thickness of what
lefore turned down.

correct thtory of applying manures to land,
ible to diffcrtnl soils, from which Ihe moil
I

beneficial results may bo derired, is a great desi-
deratum to the farmers of New England.

Our lamented friend and patron, Judge Buel,
after testing various methods in the opplication of
manure, found it Uie most ecnnniuical upon his
light «vorm soil, to spread it unfermented upon the
land, and turn it under with the plow. 'I'he favora-
ble results he experienced from this mode of prac-
tice, induced him to recommend it generally, as
will be found by perusing his writings.

Impressed with the force of his argument — inex-
perienced as I was in nny regularly prescribed
system of farming; and being satisfied that my
father and others had not derived that benefit from
their manure which might be obtained — I adopted
with enthusiasm the method of plowing my ma-
nure under, in its raw state, at the rate of 25 cart
loads per acre, expecting to bring my field into a
high state of fertility, and at tlic same time obtain
profitable crops ; not considering that a different
soil would require a different application of ma-
nure.

This experiment was made in the spring of '38,
and having gone through the usual rotation of
planting, sowing, and stocking to grass; there-
suit has not been what I onticipated. The crops
obtained were only medium, and the land is now
in but little better condition than when first bro-
ken up. I

This, and other circumstances have led me to
investigate the subject of manupes more generally,
and though I do not pretend to have arrived at the
only true theory : — if what I have written, induces
those who have had more extensive practice, and
tested certain methods by experiment, to give us
the result of their researches upon this important
topic, the few thoughts I have offered will not be
wholly lost.

i'our sincere friend,

And humble servant,

A. C. METCALF.

Poplar Hill, Lenor, Mass., March 7, 1842.

N. B. — Last .April I turned over a piece of land
which had lain for some time in pasture, and sowed
it to peas, and though no manure had been applied
for the last ten years, I obtained from the two and
a hilf acres 4',i bushels, the crop being dressed
with plaster. J^rorn another field of four acres,
broken up the September previous, I obtained in

the year '39 seventysix bushels of peas actual

measurement — no manure being used excepting
plaster. This crop was plowed in.

In these two instances I sowed only two bushels
of peas to the 'acre ; and my fut.'ier and I were
both satisfied that, had we Er>wn another bushel to
one acre, the crop would have been increased at
least one quarter. A. C. M.

Remarks by Ihe Editor. — In commenting npon a
former communication by Mr Metcalf, we intima-
ted that his rotation, (peas, corn, wheat and grass,)
required more plowing and working of the land be-
tween one grass crop and another, than would be
profitable generally. We still hold to that opin-
ion. Hut we are far from maintaining that Mr M.

would find it advantageous to work his peculiar
soilless. If corn will not do well upon his sod,
or land newly broken up, it is good husbandry lo
put on a crop that will pay him well. Our expe-
rience has been mostly on a warm soil— gnorl for
corn — and thertf we can get better corn upon the
sod; than upon the grounil after it has been tilled
one year or more. 'I'liis was tried ni !&;(!). Tlio
sward land gave t^7 1.2 bushels per acre, while the
land that had been two years in roots, well manur-
ed each year, and was well manured in '39, gave
only 80 bushels. We remember this case very
distinctly, because we maintained in the spring,
thai the sward land would give the larger crop, in
opposition lo a more experienced cultivator, who
expected more corn where the land was well pul-
verized.

But we ore well satisfied that no safe general
rules can be given upon points like this. Experi-
ence on each particular farm is the safest guide.
But in order to get this experience, or to gel valu-
able experience, each farmer must vary his own
processes.

We have been pleased with these well written
communications from Lenox ; and though the rota-
lion of crops will not suit our own purpose so well
as one which lets us keep our lands more in grass,
or rather which would let us take them up ofiener,
yet his collide seems well adapted to stronger soils
where grass holds in well.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ESSEX AGRI-
CULTURAL SOCIRI V IN 1841.
We are indebted to Hon. Daniel P. King, of
DiiTiveis, ?.ccretary of the Society, for a copy of
thc^amp'.let named at the head of this article.
And hof ;ng to draw the attention of other societies
to the subject of publishing, in a permanent form,
their annual doings, we will express our belief
that the money expended by the Essex County So-
ciety upon their publicutioti, is as usefully appro-
priated as nny part of their funds. This annual
book, coniaiiiing the address, the reports of com-
mittees, dissertations upon agriculture, premium
list for the subsequent year, &.c. &,c., is distributed
among the members, is read and studied by them
at their leisure, on^l thus is made a vehicle of much
useful information. The example of this county
is, in this particular, worthy of imitali(m. Parts
of the recent number will be copied into future
pages of this paper.

Earliest Food for Bees. — In a conversation the
other day with a worthy and observing farmer, he
observed that the earliest food for bees in the
spring, IS maple sap. He states that he has seen
them gather round the sap troughs, in the woods,
during the warm days in the spring, before the buds
or tiissels of the willow andothir trees and shrubs
had put out, sipping and making themselves glad
with the sweets that they find there. It wouldn't
be 0 bad pinn, if a person had any maples in the
vicinity of his hives, to top them for Ihe use of his
bees. — Maine farmer.

'29S

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 23, 1S4«.

ASHES AS MANURE.

The following is from " the Transactions nf tho
Society for Promoting Agriculture in the State of
Connecticut" : —

" What c:^periiiients have been made with ashes ?
•On wiiat soils, for what crops, and for w hat r^rasses ?
"What success hns attended the use ? Are leached
or unlenched a.^hcs most beneficial as a manure ?
Do they equally suit upon the same soils, and for
-|he same crops ? In what quantities arc they to
be used ?"

Mr .Hunter, of IVMinirfoid. I have made use
of leached ashes, as manure for crops and grasses, I
and find it excellent for both upon dry land. When
my grass fails, I plow up my land, and the ashes
serve again as manure for a crop, and afterwards
(or grass. But ashes have not benefited my «ct
land, tliat was unfit to plow ; for though they in
most instances introduce clover, yet thf; land will
soon bo covered with moss, when it is rendered
unfit for any thing, and if it cannot be recovered
from the moss by plowing, it is- injured instead of
being, benefited.

Mr Tomiinson, of Mitford. We have found
teached a^hes to be excellent manure for flax.

Mr Parsons, of Durham. I have used unloach-
cd ashes for many years, as manure for Indian corn,
f'put a handful round each hill, soon after the first
hoeing, and have much benefited my crop by this
trwiliod, having frequently omitted some hills, for
the purpose of ascertaining the benefit derived
from the ashes. I have always found myself richly
rqiaid both for the manure and for my labor. The
fjreatest advantage has accrued when a rain has
followed shortly after my applying the ashes.

Mr A'oah Fouler, of Guilford. I have found,
from experience, that leached ashes is a very bene-
ficial manure for wheat and rye. It appears to me
to be a great preventative of blasts.

Mr .^ndreiii Hull, Jr., of Cheshire. I have re-
ceived great benefit from leached ashea as manure
for wheat and rye. But I have not found thai it
prevented blasts.

was perhaps ever known in the memory of man.
I observed that all tho spots where legs were burn-
ed, were much more moist than any where else.
This circumstanc- particularly attracted my atten-
tion, as I had been taught that ashes weie of a
hot, droughty nature, suited only to wet land.

In 17(;."), I planted a wheat stuhhle, which was.
new land and sandy soil, which had been thorough-
ly burned when tilled for wheat. Part of the corn
was dressp.d with a handful of ashes to a hill, at
the first hoeing; here, for the fu-st time, within my
knowledge, ashes failed of producing any benefi-
cial effect.

lou^h sward, and on cloddy land, as applied
my neighbors, in sundry instances.

I have often found ashe?, both leached and i
Icach'^d, to bo very benefici.il to grass on dry la'
but not on wet. I have never found them use
on my garden.

From my experience and observation, I concio
that ashes is best applied on dry grass land, or
land now ly plnwed up, or where shades have lat
been taken off, or where grass turf or other vej
table substances remain undissolved : in each
which cases, there is contained in the soil f<
for plants, unprepared for vegetation. To efTe

Soon afterwards I planted a tough sward, part | therefore, a speedy preparation, ashes is an imp

of which was ashed in quantity us above. The
part dressed with ashes grew remarkably, while the
other appeared languid and pale, as if grub-eaten,
until the second hoeing, after which it began to
recover and to thrive better ; but it finally produc-
ed not Uiore than half as much as the part to which
ashes was applied.

From the experiments of myself and my neigh,
bors, I formed the conclusion that not only on new
land, which has been recently burned, but also on
land which has been kept mellow by tillage for
one or two past seasons, and where little or no un-
dissolved vegetable substance remains, no visible
benefit accrues ; of which, the following facts may
be considered as farther illustration.

In I70G, I planted corn after rye, the land cloddy
and full of stubble ; one end of it was very tough,
and was planted with potatoes; a few hills of the
potatoes, and most of the corn were aihcd ; some
of the corn was dressed with gypsum — all was
benefited, but the potatoes much the most.

In 17il7, I again planted corn on cloddy land,
encumbered with stubble. I carted on barn yard
yard manure, not well rotted. I ashed a part, by
which the crop was enhanced at least one third.

In 1708, I fallowed a lot, much exhausted by
plowing. It was a dry loam, with tender sward.
Carted on barn yard manure, ten loads to the acre,
and plowed it four times. I sowed half an acre
with wheat, and strewed over the half acre a small
j load of leached ashes, and eight or ten bushels of
unle.Tched ashes. The wheat at first grew sur-
Mr Hotcomb, of .Simsbury. I have made use of | prisingly, and though it did not hold out according

tinleached ashes, as manure, for Indian corn, and
have derived great benefit from it on dry land.
Whenever I have used it for corn, where the land
was wot and heavy, it has been of no advantage to
the crop at all.

Mr yfadsworth, of Durham. One of my neigh-
bors planted a field with Indian corn, and applied
Unleached ashes to thirtysix hijls. During the
first part of the season, the corn on which the ash-
es wai put, appeared much better than that in the
other J •■* of the field, to which no ashes was np-
pWci. vVlien the corn was gathered, the thirtysix
liiils, to which ashes was applied, and thirtysix
adjoining hills 'which hud none, wore measured,
end those which had no ashes were found to be the
most productive and to hare the superiority over
those on which ashes was put. This was on heavy
land. The same neighbor made the experiment
on light dry land. A part of his crop of corn was
ashed and a part was not. Here, the a'ihed corn
3iiuch exceeded the other.

Mr I'li lironson, of ff'aterbun/. In June, 17fi2,
J plowed a grass field, of a light sandy soil, where
mtlph old wood was burned. The ground was
v.ery "Ify- After harvest, I plowed this fallow
■Ijain, TI>o drought continued more severe than

to its first appearance, it yielded eleven bushels

In 17'Jil, I planted corn on buckwheat stubble,
loamy soil — I ashed a part of it when coming up,
and omitted one row. At first there was an ajipa-
rent advantage, but by hilling lime it could scarce-
ly be discerned, except at one end, where it was
Bomewhal cloddy, and there it might bo perceived
at harvest time. The other part I dressed with
gvpsum, leaving one row as before: the success
was the samo as with the ashes.

The same year I planted a piece of sward land,
loamy soil, and dressed the corn with ashes, omit-
ting one row, as in the other field ; began to hor
the corn seven days after the ashes was applied,
when the hill in trie iinashed row, which we crossed j blade being rejected and a raised edge formed

SCYTHE AND SNAITH FACTORIES.

There is ol Shelburne a magnificent water pc
er, where the Deerfield river, after a union with
two principal branches, makes in the course oi
short distance a descent over a broken ledge
rocks, I should judge, of more than Iwcntyfivc f<
This presents a most valuable water power, I
the village in its neighborhood is destined to '
come the seal of many factories.

There is a scythe factory established, where '
business is carried on to a considerable exle
The scythe made here has a deservedly high rej
tation. There is an improvement in its fa
which consists in the usual concave bolloin of

tunt application.

Whether ashes do, in fact, prevent worms,
destroy them when corn is eaten by them, I b(
not boon able to ascertain ; though they have bt
often supposed so to do, when no evil of tho k:
has existed. I have often, wh»n corn has app*
cd languid and yellow, us if eaten by worms, tall
up whole hills and carefully examined both
roots and the earth, withO|Ut discovering any si(|
of worms. In these cases, I have deemed the unp
paredness of the soil to be the only evil. Ashei'
then a sure remedy. But if the land be well til)
the weather be warm, and there be frequent sht
er.=, it will be well prepared, without ashes, by h
in" time or sooner ; but the corn will not reco
the injury it has sustained for want of earlier p
paraticm. Hence it follows, ihnt ashes on pi
land should be applied as soon as vegetation
gins.

It is best to apply leached ashes c

is planted, while a team and cart lu ij

injury to the hills. Hut whether n i 1 ;is

can safely be applied before the Corn is sprout
is a question I am unable to solve.

The u^iial quantity of unleached ashes for a
of corn, is about a gill : but it is worthy of be
observed, that where a greater or even a less qu
tity has been applied, the effect has been much
same. The effects of ashes and gypsum, so fat
the application of the two has fallen within
notice, appear to be much the same.

in hoeing, was every where noticed from beii
yellow, while the other was a lively green. Afler
the second hoeing, a second dressing of nshes was
applied on part of the lot, but without effect,
even on parts of that row, which was omitted in
tho first dressing. About hilling time, the unashed
row began to recover ; but finally yielded at har-
vest, litlle if any more than half as much as the
adjoining rows.

Tho same year, I observed the like good eflect
on corn, both from ashes and from gypsum, on

the upper and underside, by which great stifib'
is given to the blade. The blade appeared to
too narrow; but they are much approved by tbi
who use them. The English scytiies are in gi
oral much wider in iheir blades than ours; ti
are consequently not soon ground down, and i
motion of them is much steadier; they are not,
this account, so liable to be bent, and their ciil
more even and close.

There is likewise here, in the immediate neif
borhood, an extensive manufactory of snaiths. T

>T,. TV Ml. m.

A N D II 0 R T I C U L T U K A f. R E G 1 S T E R .

29^

jrticiiar form of n snuitli, or iicytlie-liBiidli\ *»» I b!o industry, and ovincod tlieir wortlunc^g of llie Sponpc Itrr.iU in maiu \<y Uking lliroc nmrla of
rmcrly ni,.ti.r of <-h«nco or sloiirht of li«nd^ It , cliicnlion llicy wore iccking.— Co/moii'« /'oHrM | >vli,-,it flour, ll...^ Hnn.r- .|iianlily of boilin^r wolor,

Iticnrcely pmsililc lo find two alike; or, after « Urpoii,
n had nimle one, lo be snre Ihal be would rnakw
other of (be .oaine pattern. It is enid that in
ngbain, formerly, niiere the nianiifacturo of pnil^
arricd on extensively, Iho bucket makers

THK DAIRY.
Professor Low, in the lost number of liin "Do-

it carried on extensively, llio bucket maKera • . • , , r. ■ ■ . . ..

I, . . I 1 .. •• .1 , <• I ! niexlic Animalii of lirilnin and Ire and, sums ui

uld cut out ilie bollouis ol their pailo successful- , ,, .. ,, , , ■ "'"i ="mi» uj

, . .1 . r <■ II -ni .1 1 IS follows n c.irefiilly digested trenlise on the ini-

only at tlio tune of a full moon. Iho Biiaith r i i ■ -im , .

kers h;id not even such an advantajre, unless
ly lud taki'o one of the constellations, but were
iged to proceed, as it is said, by guess, or to dc-
nd on mere skill tu fasliion two alike or even
fasluon one -.lell.
Every good mower knows how much the cliarac-

of his work mid his own case in working de-
id upon the h'inz of hi<j scythe, and these im-
ved snail lis are, on every account, a valuable
enlion. The difference between one of these

utilul and nr.iccful frames by which llie scythe
balanced like a fialher

fashioned almost sirs
ip like a dead weight, is remarkable.
I'hcy are spl;l

yellow uircii, anil cost >i-i ;>u pe,
e irons for llic nibs and ends are finished at lif-
n cents a .«et. .Men finish the .scythe snailhs —
after they are taken from the oven — at two
Is apiece, bc'ing boarded in addition ; and n
I will tinisli forty, or sixty, or sometimes one
dred per day.

\bout ".I.OOO are manufactured per year. The
;le in the rou!;h state is first steamed three
rs : then placed in a cast iron frame to give it
proper shape, four being put into one mould at
ne. A numlier of these moulds are then plac-
n a frame, whiili moves npon a railway, and is
fcd directly into a ilrying room or oven, where
• remain lorlyeij.'ht hours. They are then tak-
lut, shaved smooth, and rubbed with sand pa-
and returned again to another drying room to
lin furtyei^lil hours longer. The nibs or lian-

are than put on, and the work finished,
'he article is very beautiful. Great improve-
la have been made in fitting the ring tu the
he, by which il can be driven tight without the
of wedges, always objectionable in former
»8 ; in sinking an iron socket to receive the

of the scythe, so that the scythe does not bc-
3 loose by the wearing away of the wooden
ice, as was forinerly the case, in so fitting the

and mixing ihiMii carefully together. When liike-
wariii, add a teacup fnll of coinmnn, or a little Icsi
of distillery yeast, and set the mass in a warm
place to rise. When light, knead in (lour till it
will mould well ; then let it rife again, when it i«
lo be moulded into loaves and baked.

fVrnrh hrenil or rnlln is made by taking half a
bushel of fine flour, ten eggs, a pound and a half
of fresh butler, a pint of yeast, or more, if not first
rate, and wetting the whole mass with new milk,
pretty hot. Let it lie half an hour to rise, which
done, make it into lonvca or rolls, and wash them
over with nil egg beaten with milk. In common
French rnll.i, the eggs and the butter ere not un-
commonly omitted, but their additi'O makes the
bread decidedly better.

Tlio following bread has been fount! very useful
for those lo whom fine flour bread was injurious : —
Of good wheat, ground fine but unbolted, take three
quarts, one quart worm water, one gill of fresh
yeast, o;io gill of molasses, and one teaspoonful of
salirratus. Make two loaves, bake an hour, and
cool gradually. It has someiiineo been called dys-
t every family above the poorest, and lo an pepsia bread,
enormous extent as a substitute for oil in culinary I No kind of bread should be put into an oven
preparations. Simple milk, too, enters into the [ too hoi, as a crust will bo formed, and lb'' proper
diet of every class, with this peculiarity, that il is I rising prevented. Heat your oven thoroughly, but
consumed in a larger quantity in the rural districts i let the first flush heat pass off before your bread is
than in the towns. It may be drfiicult to make an j P"t in. If you fling in a lillle flour, and it browns
nppro.ximale calculation of the quantity and value ' i" about a minulc, put in your bread ; if il burns
of t4ic mtll; consumed by the twenlyfive millions of I lilack, wait a few minutes. Tliere is much de-
tlie inhabitants of the British Islands. It is, per- ' l"^"<'in? 'n every family on the bread usi-d, and

portanco of the dairy: — "The dairy is a branch of
rural industry, in the highest degree drseiviiigof
attention. There are no other means known lo us
by which so great a quaiilily of animal food is de-
rived for human support from the same space of
ground. In the Urilish islands, the production of
this kind of aliment in summer and it? entire value,
lorms no inconsiderable proportion of the yearly
created produce of the land. There is no class of
pcrsims by whom milk, in one or more of its forms,
IS not used. Cheese may seem lo be a mere su-
rup°o7the"'handran7ihe ^ '>""'"' V" "'""^ "■'"> '"•^"J '"--gely on other animal

•aiaht handle, by which it ; ^"'' >''''' ''''^" "'"""8'' ""^ ."= ''^'\> ,""^ ';""s"'"Ption.
from Its regularity, is considerable ; but nmonssl
the far more numerous classes to whom cheese is

Ihcy are spill out and sold in the rough elate at . r .l ■ ^ . . ^ .v-^oo ,=

, , , ,,,, L 1 11 1 r a part of their customary diet, the co.nsumplion of

perhundrtd. I he nibs or handles are made of I ., ! , . -' ' opiMMi .o

, ,, II I „ ., ^.o rn k 1 1 "'"^ substance is very great. Butler is used by al-

:k or yellow birch, and cost $i .10 per hundred. . .- i i i .; "i

Imps, a reasonable calculation, that each iiidividiia
consumes half a pint of milk in a day, in ils diffe-
rent forms, which would produce 570,2 I9,.'i00 gal-
lons, which at 8d. per gallon, amounts lo £19,010.-
4I(J, besides more than 200,000,000 gallons employ-
ed in llie raising and fattening of calves. Great !
as the production is, it is not stifRcient for the sup.
ply of the inhabitants ; and an importation takes
place of butler and cheese, wjiicli an e.vlension of
the native dairy would enable the country to -dis-
pense with ■'

the greatest care should be taken lo have it sweet
and ofgood (|iiality. Bread should never be put
on the table till twenlyfour hours after baking,
where health and eronoiiiy are consulted. — Jllhitrii
Cult.

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

Making Bread. — Every one imagines they know

how to make bread, and almost every one can wet

up flour and bake it — but il by no means follows

that they know how to make bread. To make

or handles that they can bo loosened or driven I good bread, good rioiir, good yeasl, and good man-

, or removed one way or another, or placed at
nclination, at pleasure, and lliis wilhoiil the
)le of movable wedges ; and in so fitting the
im of the handle to the snaith, that the strum
ought upon (he snaith instead of the iron,
h passes throu;;!! the handle and is therefore
I less lialde to be broken,
adents of the Man-jal Labor School at the
, are often employed in this shop, in different
itions, nttcn cents an hour. They are at lib-
ork three hours a day, and may still keep

agemerrt are requisite. One of the simplest pro-
cesses of making good bread is as follows: — To
eight quart.s of flour add three ounces of salt, half | '>'• '''"" '''"'Jest thyself nil ihy life for that which,

MAXIMS.
Injun/. — A little %ronf done to another, is a
great injury done t6 owrseives. The severest pun-
ishment of an injury is ll.e consc-iousness of having
done it; and iin man suffers more than he who m
turned over lo the pain of repentance. — 6'iV H'aUtr
Raleigh.

Pity and Scorn. — He that hath pity on another
man's sorrow, shall be free from il himself; and
he that delightclh in and scorneth the misery of
another, shall one lime or other, fall into il himself.
—Ibid.

Btautij. — RcmeiBher that if thou marry for beau-

a pint of yeast, (or good sweet ciiiptings,) and three
quarts of water, of a moderate temperature, and the
whole being well mixed and kneaded, and set by
in a proper temperature, will rise in about an hour,
or perhaps a little more. It will rise beller -and
more equally if the mass is covered. It must un-
dergo a second kneading before il is formed into
loaves for the oven. The more bread is kneaded
ith their classes. Some of the students in this I the better it will be. Be tnreftil not to allow your
dgfray all their expenses. bread to become sour in rising. Milk is by some

vo lads >vere pointed out lo me, then at work I u.ted instead of water in mixing their bread. Milk
ng the snailhs with sand paper, tvho earned in I will make white bread, but it will not he sweet,
hop last yejr, one hundred and fifty dollars, (and dries quicker than bread made with waler. !f
were brothers — one seventeen ye.^rs ol.l, the j loaves iire slightly gashed with a knife around the
younger; and were the children of a dering- edges, before lliey are put in the oven, cracking
irenf, who was unable to provide for llieiii. ; will be avoided in baking. From an hour to iin
was a beautiful example of most commends- 1 hour and a half is required to bake bread fully.

perchniuc, will neither last nor please lliee one
year ; and when Ihou hast it, it will be lo iheo of
no price at all — for the desire dieth when il is at-
tained, and the affection perisheth when it is satis-
fied.—/iiV.

Promises. — It would be more obliging lo say
plainly, we cannot do what is desired, than to
amuse people with false words, which often put
them upon false measures. — Sir P. Sidney.

Talkine. — The best rules to form a young man
are, to talk little, to hear much, to reflect alone upi-
on what has passed in company, lo distrust one's
opinions, and value others that deserve il. — Sir IV.
Temple.

Fuels. — Weigh not so much what men say, as
what they prove.

300

NEW" ENGLAND FARMER

MARCH aj, I>4«

For the N. E. Karmer.

LEATHER SHAVINGS FOR MANURE.

Mr Editor — One of your corrcBpondenta in-
quires wliat is the value of a cord of leallier shav-
ings (Icstitiile of oil. We should suppose it would
he difficult to I'md a cord of thosn shavings, in any
maniifHctnry, tnlirely void of oil. 1 licre may,
however, be operations exxliisively in sole leather,
which would produce them. We can speak only
of the efficacy of the shavings in the shops of the
shoemaker and currier. The oil in those shavings
is no doubt a powerful ingredient, but cannot be
powerful enough to produre more than a small por-
tion of the effects witnessed. The gelatine of
skins would be generally admitted to be a very
effective manure ; this quality may scet;i lost in
the conversion of skins into leather, bnd there may
be so firm a roriibination o( gelatine with tannin, as
to defy the power of the chemist to educe from the
leather any thing strongly resembling the original
qualities of the skin. The laboratory of nature,
however, will often show results which that of the
chemist cannot. The supposed insolubility of
leather shavings should not operate as an objec-
tion against the use, more than the same siippoii-
tion does against the application to land of the
hair and hoofs of animals, feathers and wool, which
by general consent rank among the most powerful
of manures.

We did ntit sit down to write a dissertation, but
to give a narration of facts. Forty years ago, we
purchased a .=!niall farm of a ."hoemuker, who had
cast the shavings from his shop by the roadside or
in the corners of lots. Our first object was to clear
away those unsightly heaps. We carried them in-
to the fields, believing if the leather could do no
good, the vegetable substances would, which time
had incorporated with it. Kvery field on which
those heaps were spread, became ♦eniarkably pro-
ductive ; — so much so as to excite tlie admiration
of neighbors. And something might have been
ascribed to ingenuity in cultivation, wliich was due
rather to the energy of old leather. This early,
and in some degree accidental success, (for then
we had neither read nor thought much on subjects
connected with agriculture,) induced us to be very
saving of scraps of old leather, we have been in
the habit of cutting up old shoes and boots and
spreading them on fields, and always think there is
an ample remuneration for the labor bestowed. It
will be jierceived there has been no course of ex-
periments which could qualify us to givo definite
answers to all the questions of " Inquirer." Wo
think, however, that leather shavings are a good
dressing for nlmost any description of soil ; that they
will assist in the growth of nearly every class of
plants, perhaps more from preparing the soil for
vigorous action than direct influences. We think
three cords sufficient for one dressing of an acre,
and believe the ultimate results of hucIi a dressing
would bo greater than a dressing of six cords of
the richest barn manure.

M. ALLEN.
Pembroke, March \Wt, 1842.

.Vb dispulmfr about Tastes. — The liedgehog will
oat Siianish (lie?, which will kill a dog, and a com-
mon hog feasts upon rattlesnakes.

Liirge Pickeiel. — Mr Daniel Risley, of East
Hartford, showed us, says the Hartford Times, a
pickerel, which he caught, weighing M lbs.

From the Maine Farmer.

EXPERIMENTS ON PLANTING LARGE
AND SMALL POTATOES.
Mr Hoi.mks — We think, in this region, that
small potatoes are as good for seed as large ones,
and the result of any experiment for a single year,
will seem to say so. If this is true, the rule that
"like produces like," must here have an exception.
I commenced the e.':periii:ent spoken of eight
years ago, when I selected a few of my largest po-
tatoes, and a few of the size that we usually plant
— small, but not the smallest — and have ever since
kept two distinct breeds, if I may so speak, select-
ing large ones to plant from the largo lot, and
small ones to plant from the small lot. Till this
year, I have never been able to perceive any diffe-
rence more than difference of soil, or some other
like circumstances would make ; — but this year
the result is so marked, tliat I think the seed alone
must hav« produced it. Perhaps in a good season
the result would be different. I selected a bed in
my garden as nearly equal in quality as I could
find, and planted, without manure, eight rows
across it, as follows: —
No. i, planted with large polaloes, cut, yielded

10 lb. large and 19 lb. small potatoes.

bel-.

2, small,

3, large,

4, small,

5, large,
f>, small,

7, large,

8, small,

11
1(>

8 1-2
10 3-4
11
10 1-2

9 1.2

2 3 4 "

whole, 18 1-2 "

1 1 3-4 "

20

9 1-4"

In each row fifteen potatoes were planted and
none of the seed rotted. The acreablo quantity of
seed and produce is as follows :
No. 1 requires 43 bushels seed, and yielded 400.

IGO.

128

2 "

17

3 "

43

4 '

17

.5 '

43

G "

17

7 "

43

8 •

17

SCO
214

4)I36G 4^702
Average for large seed, 341 1-2; for small seed,
190 1-2 bushels to the acre. W. D. D.

POTATO PLANTING.

The Right Hon. Sir James Graham, presented
the Royal Agricultural Society of England, a
communication he had received from Major Perce-
val, of Harntown House, ctiunty of Wexford, Ire-
land, on the subject of potato planting; and in re-
ference to that part of Sir James Graham's paper
on the same subject, printed in the third part of
the Society's Journal, in the year 1640, referring
to the failure of the crop arising from the circum-
stance of using cii( sceiA Major Perceval gives u
statement of a similar failure, to a considerable ex-
tent, experienced ten or twelve years ago in the
district in which he resides, in the potato crop,
from seed made of cut sets, the failure being at-
teniled, however, with great peculiarities. The
cut seeds planted in the forenoon, were found to
do well, and yield agoodcrop; while those planted
in the afternoon were nearly a total failure : or, on
the contrary, those planted the next day in the
forenoon, a failure, while the afternoon planting
would be found to do well. The capricious re-
sults would be found to happen in the same field.

all of a uniform quality ; the same manure
used throughout, the sanie sets being cut at
same time as the others, and in every way tree
similarly, to obviate the serious evil. Major P
ceval then proceeds in an interesting account
the management of his potato crop, and states t
he found tlie failure from cut seed entirely prevc
ed by selecting the largest potatoes, which lie
into piis for seed, (a plan which prevented
chance of their heating,) and in spring, two
three days before planting, he cut the potatoes
to sets as often as possible, with one eye, or g
niinating principle in each, and immediately lir
them, (drying up the cutting with air-slacked lir
keeping them spread on a floor. We have plan
cut seed in Canada, in the forenoon, that succc
ed and was free from dry rot, while the same se
cut from the same pit of potatoes and plantei
the same field, soil, and manure, in the afterni
of the same day, was nearly a total failure,
cut sound potatoes, lime them after they are (
and lit th'cm dry before planting, will, in a gr
measure, prevent dry rol. — British Jitntr. Cult.

From the Maine Farmer.

HEMLOCK AND PINE FOR SHEEP.

Mil Holmes — I will once more give my opii
of the benefit of hemlock and pine boughs for shi
and even spruce and fir, lliough they are no
good.

I think I shall be correct in saying I began v
six sheep forty years ago last March. I ever h
and still keep the dcscendents of the same shi
except by crossing from other bucks. I have t
used more or less hemlock or pine, and bolli w
convenient, and allowed them to eat when t
would and when they pleased, by placing it by
side of the fence in the yard. I have never
covered the least damage by it, but a benefit,
less hay is required. 1 still feel correct in saj
that my sheep are as healthy, and ever have b
as Uiose of my neighbors.

I consider pino healthy, and it saves the tro<
of using tar on the nose, and besides, is much n
comfortable for the sheep tJian a dry lot of tar
hair near their mouths.

It was said, in former years, that hemlock g
to sheep would make them weak, they would 1(
their wool, and the lambs would come dead, i
this is the opinion of some at the present da;
This is a mistake. I have noticed, where tl
stories are told, that the sheep were poor,
cause of which was for want of food. It is
that a very poor sheep often brings forth a c
lamb, or if not deud, it soon dies for want of f
and if the sheep lives to the time for taking off
fleece, it is often the case that the greatest part
on the hedges and brush of the fields for the b
to build their nests with.

When I was hauling my fire wood, not I
since, I was putting some hemlock boughs on
sled, my wood cutter says, if you give then
your sheep they will have dead lambs. I said,
so — for I have a live one now, and expect a
more soon. My reasoning is, that sheep and ca
want a change of food as much as human beii
in proportion to their grades. I consider it
belter way for many, if not asjl, who have fire
support and sheep to feed, to save the small bou
of the hemlock and pine, and place them in U
yards for their flock.

Thus much I have written on the bark of a bi

VOL. XX. NO. an.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

301

**•, and mtich more coiilil be. If you think il tlin fly, in July or any other month, lis* iievrr dr
iirth placing: in your iiacl'ul columns, it ii it your stroyoil enough of ihuin lo pay n innn lor a wirok's
>' iposal.

Yours,

J. WrilTMAN.

ivork. Some wise man in our Sinio, has advicd lo
slnrvf them out of the country by ccniiing to now.
I t^liuuUI not like to sec it tried, as I Tear tho oxpc-
rimcnlcrH would starve first. Although women and
ilion upon some of Nature's paper— the bark of '-■'"''''■°" "*= •"■'' employed here as in Europe, to
•biich. h was enclosed in a paper letter, ond "ced and plenn grain licld.'*, and field labor is ex-
r Postmaster thought he must tax double poslage l'e"S'vc, still I am satisfied from personal obsorva-

ir< Tumtr, Feb 25, 18I'J.
— Wo received tho above cominunicatinn

Where's tin
■ch bark letters ?-

law for taxing postage on
Eu.

Fmm iIm Maine Cultivator.

GRAIN— PRACTICAL HINTS, &,c.

NoRRinoFwocK, March 5, 1842.
f^kltssrt. Editors — I am apprehensive that my
I ninunications will become tedious to many of

jr readers, on account ol the minuteness of my •■ ■ . \ r : .i . .u .i j

, ^ 11, ,, Joint made of lion, with teeth on the inside, a turn-

, *ils ; but It those to whom they prove so, wilr „, ■ in i l i i i.

', , .,, . , , . cd hoe-handle screwed on each shank, like a truose

, lecta moment, they Will be convinced that wri- „„„i, i, „ i i .,„ i u ,

' . , ' . , nccK hoe. 1 have also a sharp gouce, one and

■ I on agriculture are spt to go into the opposite r .u • i j i t< i- ? i

° , , . '^ , . *^' one fourth inch w.dc, handle four feet long : with

renie, and only write on general princip es or ,i,„,„ .„ • i p i l ■

,,.. 1- .- ,, these, an immense number of weeds can be de-

.king facts; taking it for granted that every one ' ,,„„ i ■ ,„

, , ,*• ■ 1 .) I, 1 • 1 etroyt'd in a day.

tion. thai many fields of wheat will well reward an
outlay of one to three, or even four days expended
in weeding an acre. By thorough weeding once,
ihc Canada thistle m.iy be prevented from goinc to
seed before harvest. Every farmer should have a
pair or more of weeding longs. They may he
made of wood, exactly in Ihc shape of a pair of
blacksmith's tongs, — tho handle about four feet
long, and spread so as to permit the operator tn
tand between them. Mine have the jaws and

ilready surticicnlly acquainted with the minute

ils, which is far from being true. Few of your I ,i „I i . i n i ..i .i

. ' , ,, , , , •'■ "'*« 1 'ii'ist dwell a little on lliem,

ders but can recollect some simple labor-saving

crv.illon, in your useful paper, which has been

nore value to them than one year's subscription.

th these convictions I shall continue to speak of

igd no otherwise important, than having coDve-

nce and saving of labor to recommend them.

object lo mi.ving grass seed with grain, to save
jr in sowing, as much of it would be covered

deep by the harrow and treading of horses or
II. .After sowing my wheat or other grains
> are harrowed twice — grass seed sowed, and
1 rolled smooth. On sandy loam, half a peck

lover and the same of timothy or herds grass,

gtiod quantity. In clayey loams, two quarts
.•er and eight of herds grass, is about right —
/ing the proportions according to the soils — in
,• wet and bog-land soils, the clover should be
lied and a half bushel of red top and a peck of
Is grass sowed to the acre. As a general
g we sow too little grass seed. The conse-
nce is, a poor tilth is left naked, and the growth
I rich one is so rank, as to lose much of its
10. Some use a brush harrow to smooth their
md and cover grass seed. This may do on
ind too wot to admit the roller, but ia liable to
» the seed and leave it uneven. I would al-

8 sow chaff in preference to clear seed ; but it
lircs observation and judgment ; for a bushel of
f, which will contain two lbs. of seed one year,

not afford half that quantity another.
;very farmer ought to grow his own seed ; it ia
ays a cash article, and if he buys he has to pay It is safest to stook the same day you cut. I
cleansing, which is useless, unless it contains I prefer twenty bundles to a etook, on account of

seed. If leached ashes are used on wheat, i the power to stand against the wind. It is made
' should be spread before cultivating : if un- ' as follows : Set up four pairs and one at each end ;

hed, they may be sowed any time before the one pair and one, on each side of the centre ;

Its are four inches high. Were it not for press- ' place four cap-sheaves on each of these points, and

the earth around the seed, I should prefer not fasten together in the usual way.
M my grain of any kind, till it was three or j . Cradled grain is much less liable to hurt in Uie
• inches high. It will then destroy myriads of g,ook or barn, than that which is reapt, on account
.cts, and cause the grain to branch more. I of its looseness. Much grain is injured by mow-

I this mode will not break the eggs of the ing down too soon. In fact it would ba better
■sian fly, I know no means of doing it. All never to put il in close mows. I saw a grain barn
.hasbeensaidor written on sowing quick lime, at Guilford, .,wned by Hon. Joseph Kelsey, in
;s, or impregnating nelds with the fumes of to- »vhich he had one scaffolding above anoUier, so
CO, sulphur, or tsscnct, of pole-cat to destroy ,hat the wheat all slood on the butu. It could

The advantages of early cutting are so numerous
As soon as the
upper pari of the stock is turned yellow and the
kernel is fairly in the paste stale, put in the cradle
the first fair day — I say the cradle, for before tho
grain is crippled by long standing, this useful in-
strument con be used. If you neglect to cut then,
you may have rains, and winds to ripen, break
down and shell out tho grain — if rusty, the quality

grows poorer — you must cut with a sxkle the

straw is too brittle for bands — you can only handle
it when the dew is on, &c.

Unless you feel able to purchase the little ma-
chine, with fingers pushed before a pair of little
wheels, for taking up cradled grain, which is a
great saver of time and back-ache, you may follow
the cradle with a rake made as follows: head 2 ft.
long, 1 1-2 inch square, 6 teeth half inch in diame-
ter, 10 inches clear of head — handle seven feet
long — a dry fir is the right shape and light — on
the back of head and handle, instead of bows, nail
a triangular piece of half inch board, with which to
even the butts of the grain. If your grain is good,
you may stand in your place and gather a sheaf.

Those who understand it, can make five bands
sooner than I could describe the process. By the
way, I know men who can make a band and bind
a sheaf quicker than others can do the former.
There is a cleverness in handling grain, which few
men have arrived at in this section. I have had
men in my employ who could not average half an
acre in a dav.

not hurt in this way. I cannot doubt tho flour
Would bo much swcclcr preserved in this way.

As to the mode of ihrnsliing grniri, it hni come
to bo more expenaive than before any horso power
machine was in operation. It is my dcliberalo
opinion that the man who has grain enough to
make it an object to feed cuttle on it, will save
tiiuo and money by using the (tail in prclerence to
any machine ; unless he can have one in his barn
to use ns he pleases. Few fanners will afford
this. 'J'hc time lost in (ambling straw oul doors
and pitching il back again, with the hazard of inju-
ry from stones ami serious evils, all of which arc
avoided by threshiiig and feeding from the floor.

Of barley and oats next limo.
Yours, &.C.

JAMES BATES.

[From the same. |

CLEARING AWAY OBSTRUCTIONS TO
THE PLOW.
.Messrs. Editors — This is a subject which nearly
intorcsls every farmer in our State. Those who
have travelled through different parts of our State,
*fid have been at nil observant of the state of
'.hings, must know that stumps, stones, old logi«,
and other obstructions, are more or less abundant.
Now, Farmer Tlirilly is one of those men who in
reasoning always endeavors to come at the bottom
of his subject. And his first object to be accom-
plished is, to clear away all olislruclions from the
field, 60 that a complete unbroken furroiv may be
turned from one end lo the oilier ; — this, as Farmer
Thrifty says, is beginning at llie right end of busi-
ness.

Plowing is the grand operation in husbandry.
If a field be poorly plowed, it can not yield a good
crop, however skilfully managed in other respects.
And let the question be asked, what proportion of
the arable land in our Slate is capable of being
well plowed? Much has been said lately in re-
gard to improvements in the construction of plows.
But of what avail is the most consumm.ite skill in
the making of this grand instrument of agriculture,
if our fields are to remain encumbered with slumps,
roots, stones, &,c. ? A well constructed slump
machine should be owned in every neighborhood
where slumps abound ; and I have heard Farmer
Thrifty say that ho wished that the inventive ge-
nius of some mechanic would make us off just the
right kind of thing for extracting stones from the
ground. .After procuring suitable implements for
performing all this business, it will not be so great
a task as might be imagined, to clear anay all ob-
structions from our arable lands. Farmer Thrifty
says that he has determined to persevere iii this
business, till his whole farm is entirely cleared of
obstructions to the plow. Let us then, gentlemen
farmers, imitate this worthy and patriotic citizen,
and the agriculture of the State of Maine bliall bo
placed on equal or higher footing than tliat of Great
Britain,

Swearing in conversation indicates a perpetual
distrust of the person's own reputation, and is an
acknowledgement that he thinks his bare word not
worthy of credit.

There are sixteen companies in Boston engaged
in the ice trade. The quantity of the article ox-
ported from Ihat city last year, amounted to sir
hundred thousand dollars.

302

NEW ENGLAND F A R iM E R ,

MARCH 23, im

A>ri IIDRTICULTUKAL RKCI3TEB.

UutTOK, Wkunesdav, Mabch 23, 1842.

THE PLANTING OF POTATOES.

We :ire rallier enrly in giving <lirPClions fcr the plant-
in" of I Ins rri.p. But if wc would niilicH tin: incdB of
planliti^ iii"8l ol llie ordtnnry cro[B in season, we nmsl
take some cnc or more of tlii-m in anticipation ol its
proppr tiiop. VVc will promise lliat our «o(i('Ss with
thiacTi.p has been little favor.ililo. WhrtUir this be
owing to iho «<.il we have tilled ; to the manure we
have ujr <l ; to the mode of applying the ninnurc ; or to
iniudicioiis niclhods of cultivation, or to all of these com-
bined, »e know rot Want of success wiili a crop
which uKisI fiinners deem a good one, has caused us to
•tudy all ihc accounts of its cultivation which have
fillen in our way ; and also to study the plant and crop
%n the fi'trt, as far us we have had opportunity duriuo
Ihe last year. Another thing we will premise, viz : the
opinions we shall f.'ive, should be tried by many nnd va
ried ejperimcnts, before we shall venture to prnmuljjate
ihein ad rules tinit farmers will obviously find it well to
follow. If i>iir stiilemenls shall induce them to make
some e.K|>erimeMl8 en their own rcsptynsibilitti, we shall
be content.

Our practice has been to plant on n good loamy soil,
with liar<l gravelly subsoil ;.^^oftener on sward than on
old ground. Have planted from the first to the Iwenti-
fllhof.Vlay. Have usually planted in hills 3 |. 2 feet
apart ; — put a good largo manure-fork full of m.Tnurc in
the hill — s.-'y twelve to fifteen loads — or from four to
five cords p<-r acre. This manure haft been applied im-
mediately upon taking' it from the barn cellar, while
dripjung wet with urine, and the potatoes — IT- to 20
biishcis [cr acie — have been put upon thi* dung forth-
with end trod !en into it. For after .eulfuro, lite plow
has been run between the rows, i/uually ench way, and
the plints hool two or three times This diifurri little
friun the most common mode of operation in tho eastern
part of the ('ommonwi-allh, excepting that the manure
is much more full of urine than that upon firms in gene-
ral. Whether the strength of the rnaimre has not been
delrimen'al in our mode of using, may be a fair question,
and if obliged to give answer, we should guess that it

h'JS.

Potatoes generally do best in cool seasons and in cool
soils. We have given them n hot bed. Slorc than
this, we have fonmd beds into which the atmosphere
does nrit pass very freely. AVe can recal in niemory
several sayiiijis and lacla which render it probable that
in this we erred. There was a coininon Having in our
boyhood, which used to bo uttered when we were
planting on mii;»Ii and cloddy land, that sods were the
best covering for potatoes. Only a few yinrs since, wc
noticed when dif;;;lng potatoes on a rerhiimi d meadow,
that th"»i' hills which were made up mainly of small
clods contained more and belter pntalocK than those
hills which were formed from largo cloils, or those
which were composed of tho ^ne p«ai or peaty miulor.
This led us lo think seriously upon a thousht wliich
had passed tliioiigli the mind before, viz : lliat potatoes
require air. About two years ngn, we meniioned this
point to an observing farmer in Topsfidd lie said,
your remarks r-mind mo of what I witnessed last year,
or the year bi fore, on Dr. Nichols' form. I was pass-
ing there one day about the first of June, and Mr G.
had somu brakes, foins, liuckUlicrry bushes, &.c in his
catt, and sppeand to be putting them inin hills for
planting " What are you doing there, neiglibor G. ?"

said I. " Obeying orders," said he. " Well, what are
ynur orders ■"" " Why, the Dr. told me, after ! had I
taken tho manure out of the cellar, to put ihisstufi" into I
the water in the bi lloni of the cell.ir, let it soak awhile,
and then plant potatoes upon it." "Small jiolatoes
there, thinks I," said our informant, Mr I'etlinj'ill. But,
continui d he, I happened by there in the autumn, when
Mr G. was harvesting the potatoes, and they were- bet-
ter than any others 1 saw that season-
Mr Hicck, the publisher of this paper, informs me
that several years since, Jie planted potatoes in hia gar-
den where the land was ri<li, and had long been tilled.
In such places, vines or tops are usually luxuriant,
while the bottoms or tubers are small. He furrowed
out this ground with a large plow, running deep, making
•Irii Is four feet apart. He then nearly filled tiie drills
with butt stalks ; put his seed upon these, about a fool
apart in the hill, then leveled on the furrow, and in till-
ing made no hill or ridge. Kroni this hiiid he nbtained
at the rate of between seven and eight hundred bushels
per acre.

The process puisued by Mr liarnuin, of Vermont,
whose' slaiement has recently been in our columns,
though in many respects different from these hero giv-
en, yet was well suited to keep llie surf.ice of the land
so loos) as to admit of a free circulation *>f air.

Now, without intending to say or intimate that air is
all that this crop wants, we do intend to express the
opinion, disliiicliy, that the crop does require more air
thin is usually allowed it. What may be inferred from
the fact that potatoes often do wonderfully well where
they are planted upon swamp mud, muck, and from the
other fiict, that they grow well by placing the seed up-
on the sur.'iice of moist land, and covering them with
straw -' Both <if tliesa matter:^ are loose, and vvould af-
ford ^ood ventilation.

To vrhat does lilt this tend ? What course is lo be
reconiniendcd ? As our opinions on this point are so
much matter of theory we will not recommend. But
we will mention methods that have occurred In us.
One might putin the drill or the hill, a small quantity,
four, five or six loads of well pulverized and good ma-
nure to the acre. This is wanted for the fibrous roots,
the vine or stalk to feed iipnn. Above this might be
put ten or twelve loads lo the acre, of leaves, hiiiistalks,
old potito vines, fine brush, chips or any thing of the
kind which would keep a place light and loose for the
tubers, the potatoes proper, to swell and grow in. —
\\ hen planting, we know not whether it would he best
to put tho seed between the two kinds ol dressing, or
above them both.

Aiict'ier method would be, and the work might be
less, to manure with the good manure as before, using
only a sinall quantity, planting directly upon thai, cov-
ering shghthj — stirring the earth well once or twice after
the plants were up, and then putting the other dresiing
upon tho surfiice.

well lo ' 1^

COMPOSTING WITH MUCK OR SWAMP MUD.

One of the first farming operations in [he spring, is to
carry the manure frimi the barn yards and hog yards tu
the fields, iind drop it in large heaps near wliere it is to
be used for planting. By most farmers il is tipped from
the cart, and permitted to lie fur a few days in Ke,.ara'e
liiiaps of a load each. While thus exposed, the drving
winds of spring extract lis juices (the best part of it,}
very rapidly. At a convenient lime il is forked over,
and the several loads are joined into one heap. A less
sui face is llien exposed to wind and sun — but yrt enough
is exposed to allow tho escape of rypry particle ih.it
takes the firm of pas or vapor. Tlie.ie volatile pans
which are usually suffered to escape, arc Ihe most frr-

lilizing portions of the whole mass, and it
fine ihem if we can.

The course which science prcs(ribcs, and which
pxpt rieiice of many of our best fanners approves, ;
mix yniir dung in layers of five or six inches thick '
mradow mud — muck — that is, a layer of that thicki
then one of dung, and then of muck and so on ; bu
sure and let ihe muck cover the lop and the sides
then the iiminonia and other viiliiabie parts that lire
dined lo escape, will be seized and retained by
muck 'I'hus you save. But this is nut all : in ntos
stances the muck has a sourness or acidity, which
venis its acting v^ ell as a manure. Now the ga.sea f
the dung tend to remove or correct that S4iurne6s, ar
they do this efTectually, the muck itself heeoiiies a g ji
manure, and thisyourquaiitity of real manure isduul p
or more than doubled.

The mixture may be improved by adding, tei
twelve days before you use the compost, five or
busiiels of ashes, or half as many of quick liim
each curd in the heap, if thig is done Ihe heap she
have a coaling of pure muck all over it, two or tli
inches thick, which should be wall patted on with
shovel.

But, be cautious. — If you go to the swamp and
inuck now, and think to make that answer fortius ye.
crop you will be likely to do more harm than go
Muck so recently dug lia^tno much sourness, it wa
a thorough/rcezm^ before it is fit to use.

To give an idea of what the loss may be from sufl
ing our fermenting dung lo remain exposed, as is uei,
we may refer lo an experiment by Sir fl. Davy,
which lie found that three pints of hot fermenting a
uurc, consisting principally of tho litter and dung
cattle, gave out in three days tliirtyfive cubic jnclics
an " elastic fluid" which was found to contain twei
one cubic inches of carbonic acjd. The fluid mat
collected in the receiver amounted to near halfan •
and had a salt taste and disagreeable smell If half
oz of the best of the manure escapes from three pii
in three days — there will be loss of two pounds per bui
el, or of 70 lbs. per load of 35 bushels in three da;
This is more than we can aflVird lo spare.

li>?«l
I k*"

THE FARMERS MUCK MANUAL, BY Dii.DAN
We are indebied to the publisher for a i opy of tl
work, which was favorably noticed Jiy "A Coiisla
Kinder," in our last paper. We h ive turned over i
leaves and taken a hasty glance at usc<mlonls- Th
has satisfied us that the work is woriliy of a l]iorou|
readiiio. We hope that farmers will obtain the buo-
and put lo the test of experiment many of the simp
rules which Dr. Dana's science hits deduced- — Th
lerin " muck " in the title, is used in a very broad i
For the work treats ofsoils and uH kiwis of tduhi/i
Science here leads to ihe same result in reg.ird lu pea
in compost, which has been reai hcd by those practice
farmers who make two or three loads of this peat, inixe
properly wilh one load of cow dung, equal in value li
four luadd of dung Dr. Dana has defined nearly all hi
trrnis, but tho unlettered man, though he should real
and understand the definitions, will soon forget manj
of them, and as he get.i farther on in the book, lie wil
become confused, and many passages will he cnliroly
unintelligible to him- If ho procures Ibis work, ho muil
make up his mind to study it. Very mimy of the mnil
v.'iluable parts of the work, however, can be understood
by any niaii of common capacity, and will well repay
fiir reading, even should he iioi recur In il a second lime.
I'orliuns of the work are highly prnclicni. Many of th<
pnsilioiis are new, and their coirectnuso will be ques-
lionad.

vol.. XX, so. 3<l.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

So:^

rilKiniOMK.IIUCAI.

Rrporlrildii lllr ^l■a Knilnnil Kntllirr.

Itan;:i' <^f the rhcrinutiicutral tile (lurtioiiul Ibc pruprioiorii
Ibr \i'w Knul.-inil Fnnncr. llriKh(i(n, Mxm. in * nhnHeil
Mlhr. I> rxpuanrn, fur ihc wrt-k rioling Marrh 20.

UliHlON MARKirr.—MoM.iT, March 21, ItiA-J

Rrpnrlftl furthi" ,\^w feliiBliind Knrinrr.
Al M-irkil 310 lii'cl Cnltli', 30 pairs Working oxen.
Cows nnil Culvts,4iO Slicip, and IJOO Swind. 21'
tif Ciitio iinsultJ.

. ,j _ lleef t'aUlt W'e quetn lo coiTMponil with
. TJz : R fuw choicu cattle taken nt $(j. First i
^.~> 50 a 5 75. StTiind quahiy, .f^ 75 n 6 2.^. :
ihir, H 00 n 4 50. |

' van. — We noticed the fbllowing uilca f 63, '
.,1 'JO. I

—1,018 were »old at $2 75, 3 00, 4 00, 4 50, and '•

ttci/ie. —Lots lo peddle 3 3-4 and 4 for sows, and 4 3-4 i
" ' fi.r barrows. Al ret.-'il, from 4 l-'J to G.
::oirs and Calres Sales $20, 2-J, 25, and 30.

WHOLESALE PRIPES CURRENT.

H Corrected uiJh great care, icccJ^ly

' EEDS. Henis Gr»ss, f •> 2j to 2 50 per hushel. Red Top,
o4J cfuts. Clover — Northern, II to IJc.— Southern, 9 1-2
c. I lax Seed, •! 5J to I S5 hu. Lucerne, 23 c.per lb.
»ry Seed. »3 50 n 4 00 pcT hushfl.
R.\l.\. The transactioua consist of several cargoes
o\v n<fl, 62 a 63, and some white, 54 :r S5c per hushel.
s, a cargo very choice Delaware sold at 48c per hushel

orn — Northern, hushel — to do. Round WIlow —

ilo. Southern Flat Yellow 62 a 63— While do. 54 a 55

irliy — a — —Rye, Northern, 75 a^ Oats, South-

45 a 47 — Nortlu'tn do. 4S to 49— Brans, per hushel 75

50.

LOCR. Th« sales of Ohio have been S6 12, and aelect-

iraniLs S6 37 ; 500 hbls Howard street, S6, on time ; 400

FtcdericksLurg, S5 S7, 4 mos ; 300 do I'hiladelphia,

7. -t nios ; 50a do Petershurgh, 85 75, cash.

taltimorc, Howard Street, 4 inos. cr. « 00 a — — do.

f, 85 75 a & 00 do. free of garlic, 46 00 a Phila-

hia Ho. 4 mos. 85 87 a Kredcritksl.urg, luwi'J 4

57 a — — .Alexandria, wharf mountain, — — a
Genrgetown, 86 00 a 6 12— Richmond Canal, 86 oo a
—do. City, 86 75— Petershurgh, City Mills, 86 00 a 6 25
Country 85 75 a 5 67 — Genesee, common, cash, 86 50 a
:— do fancy brands 86 62 a — — Ohio via Canal,

0 37— Indian Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 2i.
iOVISIO.NS. The sales at auction consist of 100 hbls.
s Pork 5 37 a S3 75; 40 do do Clear, 811 ; Os do do,
per lilil ; 20 do Mess, 6 62 a 88 87 do : 40 bbls Western
, 4 "-8 a 5 I-4C, 4 mos.

I— -Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 25 a 9 50— Navj — S3 00 a 8
No. 1, 87 50 a — —do Prime 8500 a 5 50— Pork—
a clear, 4 mo. hbl. 812 a 12 50— do Clear 8II a U ;.0

Mess 89 00 a do Prime 87 00 a do Mess

iher Stales 8 SO a 9 00.
OUL. Duty. T'^e value whereof al the place of ex-
ition shall not exceed 3 els. per pound, free. All where-
c value exceeds 6 els. per [wund, 32 per ct. ad. val. and

per pound.
OOL. -.4 sale of 75 hales Cordova was made to go out
s market, at 9 I •2c per lb, 8 mos cr.
me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 60 c. — Amer-
full !.|ood,do 43 a 46— Do 3-4 do 40 a 41— Do. 1-2 do
37 — 1-4 and common do 30 a 32 —Smyrna Sheep,
cd, 20 a 26 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 14 — Bengaii do
0 — Saxonj, clean, — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
o. nicked, 12 a 16— SniierGne N'orlhern pulled lamb 37,
-No. 1 do. do. do. 35 a 37— No. 2 do do do 25 a 30-
3 do do do 18 a 20.

>P.S. Several parcels have been brought forward, and
rht reduction was submitted lo, in order to.eflisct sales.

nri, Mass. 1841 per lb 10 a II.
kY, per ton, i2u to 25— Eastern Screwed 819 to 20.
*£ESE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New 5 toi.
GS, 16 a 25.

i-AR.IJ IN LEXIKGTON

r sate, a farm in Lexington known as the Hastings
;, containing about 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
tiinney. The land is of excellent quality, well stocked
fruit trees, and a good supply of young wood. For
1 apply at this office, or of E. PHINNEY, living mar
remises. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1342.

liMASSACHtSF.TT.'< HOKTlCLLTUllAL SO
CI.-.TY.

A ktnlpd m(N>ting nf the Mnssnchuselts llorllcnilurni So.
cirly, will !>« hohl al the Rnnms of said Sooii-tr, on Salur
ilay' Ihc second daj- of April next, «l II o'clock, A. M., al
which time, the officers elected on the first Satiirdny ol Oil.
InsI, will enler upon their respective duties, agreeulily to the
provisiims of the Conslitnlion of said Society.

Presi.l.nl—H. P Wilokr.

lue /•Vr.iV/o./s— B. V. French, C. Newhall, Jona. Win-
ship, E. M. Richards.

7V«isurrr^S. Walker.

Corresnorittin^ Secretart/—3 . C Teschcmacher.

Hecnriliiuf Scrrelarij— ]\\ieu. Wight.

Priifessor of I'ulany unU Veprluble /'hysiolcarij— John
Lewis Russell, A.M.

I'rnfettoT of Rfitomolofry—T. W. Harris, M. D.

PrcJctsOT iy HortituUural Cficmistrij—H. L. Dana, M. D.

STASniNO COMMITTEES.

Committee on Pruit^—K. V. French, Chairman, R. Man-
ning, P. B Hovcy.Jr., L. P. Orosvernnr, W. Kenrick, J.
A. Kenriek, S Pond, O. Johnson, S. Walker, F. W. M'Con-
dry. J. Breck.

Cojiimittce on Flatters -C. M. Hovey, O'lairmcm. P.
Huggerston, J. Breck, S. Swectser, S. R. Johnsnn, W. E
leaner, J. S. ickiiey

Committee on Vegetables— S. Pond, CAoirman — P. B.
Hovey, Jr., Rufus Howe, John Hovey, A. D. Williams, J.

A. Kenriek, J. L. L. F Warren.

Committee on the Lihrary—Ji], P. Vvilder, Chairman, R.
T. Paine, C. K. Dilluwav, C. M. Hovey, B. V. French, S.
Walker.

Committee nil Syrtoni/mes of Pruit—R. Manning, Chair-
man, S. Downer, E. M."Ri.hards, Win. Kenrick.

Kj-ecutirr Commiilce—M. P. Wilder, Cliairmnn, Win.
Oliver, U. V. French, E. .M. Richards, C. M. Hovey.

Committee on Finance— E. Vose, Chairman, Wm Oliver,

B. V. French.

March 23. 2p E M. RICHARDS, «ec. Sec.

MN.-V.KN n<>TAMcaARi>i:\ AND :«rnsicuv.

vonii.

The II.'

SHJREST TREES, *;c., AT AUCTION.

On Saturday, April 2, at lOo'clock, at office.

Will be sold a valuable invoice of Forest
Trees, (just imported per shipTallyrand) con-
sisting of 1 300 fine picked li-ansplaiiicd Stotgh
larch.— 121 purple bcicli— 10 English oaks—
6 English Elms— 5 deciduous cyprus— 5 com
mon yews — 15 Chinese arl.or vilne — 100 sycamores (orienta-
lis)— 175 weepingash— 100 Spanish clieslnuts— 60 Scotch firs
— 95 weeping beech — 27 weeping willows— 4 salisburia
adinnlifolia (jingo) — 50 sweel bays— 3 ruscus aculealns— 4
English ivies— 10 Siberun arbor viiae— 30 curled asli- 150
Wych elms— 50 lines.

The abt ve trees were selected and packed with great care,
by G. Cunningham & Son, Seedsmen, Liverpool, ahd have
been receivetl in superior order, and believed lo be in better
preservation than any previously imported Persons inter-
ested in the cultivation of forest trees, will have a rare op-
portunity of supplying themselves.

Catalogues will be ready for delivery (Ui the 25th inst.,
and the trees may be seen ihe day before the sa'c.

WUITWELL, SEAVER, & CO.
March 23. eplApril2 75 Milk street, Boston. ^

CAMBRIOGEPORT AVRSERY.

SAMUEL PONDj Nurseryman, Columbia
street, Cambridgeporl, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assort nient o( FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, ROOTS, and VINES,
among ilicm are the best varieties of Apple,
Pear, I'lum, Clicrry, Peach, Apricot, (jrapcvines. Asparagus,
Rhubarb, Pear slocks, Apple do., Plum do. , Currants, Goose
berries. Raspberries, &c. Trees of an extra size always on
hand. March 23.

FARM FUR SAL.E.

For sale a Farm in Lexington situated one mile west of
rhe Village, and 11 miles from Boston, containing 175 acres,
including about 10 acres of wood land, the soil is rich, and
under a high state of cultivation. On Ihe premises is a
large Dwelling House, which will conveniently acconmiodate
two lamilies ; a Large Itacii, Shed, Chaise House, Mill
House, Cider Mill and Ice House, and an cMensive Piggery,
all of which arc new, or in good repair. The Farm is slock-
ed with every variety of Fruit, and the Garden, which in-
cludes about an acre, with a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering Plants, which the proprietor has devoted several
years in procuring, witli great care and expcn.^e. VVuhin
ihc garden is a Green House, 40 feet by I G, with suitable
buildings adjacent to accommodate the Gardener. The
House is healed upon the most approved plan, and is slock-
ed wilb a variety of the best Grapes, Flowering plants. Sic.

A valuable stock of improved Short Horn, Durham, Norlh
Devon, and Alderney Catlle will be sold lo the purchaser of
the Farm if wauled. For further particulars inquire ol
ARAD PROOTfc-R, on the premiics, or of JAMES VILA,
Bath .Street, Boston.

If not disposed of at private sale it will be offered ut
Auction on Friday, 1st ul April al 3 o'clock P. M.

Feb. 16. eplAl

/".IfcA^rj. Prince )

g|M|k The n.'w Propri.iors of ibi< l.,ng F«tnbli«hp<l
il^HS^P and well known Nursery. Ini<- ihe pro|H>ny of
^HHHp William Prince, Esq ,nnd compriMng ilic prein-
^ 1^ i-es occupieil and cultivalcd I.) hiiii ni a Nur-
.^flCaoa. sery lor nearly fifty years, intend nol onl\ lo
spare nu pnin^ or ex|>ense lo maintnin the anci.'iil eelchrily
111 ihis eslablishmeni for its unrivalled cnllrcl Inn of Trees,
.>hruhsand Plains, but lo endeavor to . merit the cnnfiilence
and patronage of the public, by int. griiy and liberality in
dealing, and innderaliun in charges. Ilcing 01 enl lh>' olilcsl
Nuiseries in I be United .Slates, founded upwards of half a
century since, and great pains and ex|iei,se having for a long
series of years been bestowed by the late proprietor, in pro-
curing ana cultivating every thing that was valuable, it no
iiouht contains at the present tune a more extensive collec-
tion of Trees, Shrubs, Plants, etc.,— variety as well as quan-
tity being consiiiored, —than can be foun<l i-lsewhcrc in ihe
United States. They now offer for sale,

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Evergreens, Flowering Shrubs, nml llerbaieons Plants,
Bulbous Flower KooLs, S4>lendid Dabliai., of the biiesi va-
rieties, etc. prnameiilul Trees and Evergreens of an 'XIra
size can he 6upplic<l. A liberal discount will ha maile od
large orders.

It is hoped 1 hat the public will not be misled by the at-
tempt lotrl■.lJ^fer ibe name by which this Nursery has been
distinguibhed for forty years, to a piece of groun<l purchased
expressly and used principally for the purpose of a piiiatc
residence, another small detached piece tci which Mr. Prince
Sen., ha^receiitly removed, which u'as cultivated as a Nur-
sery before the Revolution, but has not been for many years
past, except to propojaie Moms Multicaulis, and to another
piece purchased only four years s;nce. The Proprietors
nave no wjsli 10 refer lo the name of, or in any wise to iiiler-
ferc with, the laie proprietor, further than is indispendsbly
necessary in strict justice to themselves, to wii : to identify
the premises, make known the change of ownership, and to
have the benefit of the reputation of this long established,
exiensive, and well known Nuiscry as such, and wbich they
purpose not only 10 coniinne, but to increase ; and they will
endeavor, and confidently Uo]te by vigorous exertion and a
liberal expenditure, to continue such reputation for the Nur-
sery, and Vj: strict integrity and liberality in dealing to estab-
lish one (Vr themselves.

Orders\ddressed to the subscriber, the conductor of the
establishm^il for the present proprietors, will be promptly
attended to. New Catalogues al rcrfucct/ prices iurnisiied
gratis.

The subscriber also offers for sale a genera! nssorlmenl
of Garden, Ficb), and Flower Seeds, in large or small quan-
tities, warranted genuine and /resli.

March 16. 2w G. R. GARKETSON.

CiAKDF.N A^'D

JOSF.PH BRECK & CO.
of Garden and Field Seeds, v
and fresh, as follows:
Early (^edo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do. -

" Dwarf do.

" Washiivgton do.

" Frame do.
Blue Iin^ienal do.
Marrawlal, &.c.
While .Allringham Carrot.
Long Orange do.

F1EL.U SEEUS.

have received li.eir full supply
'hich ihey warrant to be pure

I Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurtzel Beet.
Sugar do.
I Long Red do.

Early Tur;iip do.
I Rut a Baga.

I Turnips in great variety-
Early and Late Beans of
sorts.

FRUIT, ORJVAIIIENTAL TItEKS, *.c.

KUKSKnV OF WILLItM Kr.NKICK,

Of Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry Trees,
a eolleciion unrivalled in any former )car, for ex-
tensive numbers of fine trees, of new and finest
kinds. Large additions of new, valuable, or
beautiful, are just received from Europe.
Gooseberries of first quality. Apples, Uuincos. Grape
Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Sirawberries, &c. The new
abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1S42, will be sent lo
all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses—
of Tree Pxonies, of Heibareous Paeonies, and oibcr flower-
ing Plants— of doid)lc Dahlias, iVc, Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
atlonded to, and Trees when so ordered, will te securely
packed in mats and moss lor safe transpCIt to all distant
I'luces by land or sea, and delivered in the city free of charge,
lor transp4)rlatioii by the wagon which is tent tbiibcr daily,
or orders may be left at the stand, at No. 44 ('ongnss street,
Boston. WILLIAM Ki.NKlCK

Nonaulum Iltll, Newton.
March 9. eptl2lhJune

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a ngular ap-
prenticeship in Europe, and has bad seven years' experieucc
in this country. The best of refereuce giveu. Address J.
D. al this oQlce. "" ■■ "

March 9.

304

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AIARCHaS, IS42.

MISCELLANEOUS

1 I fell on my kness, and was about to thank my
I conductress for her assistance, when a bee lit on
my lip, and I awoke. It waa a dream of much

Tht "P. D." oflht A-. E. Fanner to Ike Prwirfrnff | ^^ ^^ me.—Lomll Olftring.

Geniuits of the Maine Farmer ami Maine Cvlti- i

vator — RLF.TiNG. F„gt Day. — The Governor has appointed Thur«.

Represents : — That the legitimate diitips of his j j^y^ ihe 7lh of April, as the animal Fast in Massa-

Btation arc already sufficiently arduous and per- ] chiisetts.

plexin?, without an additional one compelling him,

the said " P. 1). ', to make sense out of nonsense : —

Wherefore he, the said '■ P. D.", begs your honors

to devote n little more attention to the punctuation,

the had punctuation, and the no punctuation, in the

communications of your correspondents prcncrally :

as by th'- omission of your honors so lo do, he, the

said " P. iJ.", has to remedy the defect when put-
ting in type the articles which the Kditor, from

time to time, selects from the journals under the

supervision of your honors respectively: — Which

extraordinary duty, he, the said "P. D.", farther

reprcsi'nts, frequently subjects him, the said '-P. D.",

to no incoiisidornblu loss of time, besides disturbing

the equanimity of his temper. And your pslition-

HOWARO'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvcmcnis have hccii made the past year in the
form and workmanship of these Pittughs ; ine mould h( ard
has I'cen so formed as to lay the fvrroin comp/eleh/ orcr.
lurninff ih every particle of grass or snMIe, and leaving the
groujici in the. best possible manner. The length of llie
mould hoard has h( n very murh increaserl, so ihal the
er begs farther to say, that if the above named neg- \ Plongh works wiih the greatest ease, hoih with respect lo
lectof your honors be not imputable to careless, j '^he^hohlmga^^^^^^^^

nes9, but compelled by necessity — if it be because i " Shoulil our opinion he asked as lo whirh of the Ploui;hs
TOur honors, in the technical language of the print- 1 we should prefer (or use on a (arm, we might nerhaps say lo
■ /^ 1 J /• .1 i»o .,„«« .,«,... Ihe inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to woik,

ing office, arc hard run for ".loifs —upon your ,ry pjuiy & Mears, I.ut if your ;<i7,</is Acary, AarJ orroc/,y,
honors acknowledging such to be the fact, he, the " ••

said petitioner, proffers to furnish your honors, at
his own expense, with a quant, aujficit of commas,
periods, &c. to remedy the defect herein complain-
ed of, which operates so seriously to his detriment
Farther your petitioner saith not.

(Signed,) "P.D." ,

DBGIN WITH Mr. H

At the aliove mcr.i;oned trial the Howard Pl'-ugh ilid
more work, icitk the same pftirrr of team, itian any other
plough erhibitid. No oilier turned more than iwentyse.en
and'one half inches, to the 112 His. drausjht, while ihe
Howard Plough turned twenlmine ami one half ini;hc3 . lo
the same power of team .' All acknowledge thai Howsnl's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
mfide.

There has heen quite an improvement made on the shoe,

■ or land side o( this Plough, which can he renewed witlmut

having lo furnish a new landside-. this shoe liliewise secuies

Ak Allegort Seated on the bank of a mur- the^onld hoard and landside together, and strengthens lii«

muring stream, with my book, I indulged myself in i ' ^^^ ,,Hce oT'ihe Ploughs is from S6 lo Sis. A Ploi.ph,
plannin<T some way of escape from my supposed j sufficient for breaking up with lour cattle, will cost about
hard task of studying. I was aroused by a slight «!Ojn, and with cutter Si, with wheel and cutter, 82 DO

APPLE: PARBBS.

Ju>t received at the New Engliind Agricultural Wi
house. No 51 and 62 North Market Street, a good supplj,
Stanley's Superior Apple Parers, a very useful article. W
one ol these inactiines a bushel of apples may be pareu
a very short nine in the best possible manner, and wiihgi
saving «1 ihe apple, as ihe oulsides may he taken oil ai
required thickness. The above is also for sale at N. P.
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SCUDDKR, CC
DIS&, CO., and HOSMEllSi. TAPPAN, Milk Street.

Sept. 1 6w JOSIiPH BRECK & CC

FKNCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, f
for Fences or other purposes. Kor sale by J. BRECK
CO., No. 62 North Market si. April S

AGRICVLTURAL. IIIIPI.E:IUENT8, tie.

The Proprietors of liie New England Agricultural Wi
house and Seed Store No, 51 and"52 Norlh Market sir
would inform their cuslnmers and the public {generally l
they have on hand the most extensive assortmeni of A
culliiial and Horticultural Tools in he found in ihe Uni
Slates. Part of which are ihe following:

tap on my shoulder. I turned around to see who
this intruder was ; when lo ! I beheld the most
beautiful creature the earth could boist !

As soon as I had partially recovered' from my
fright, she addressed me thus : " I have long watch-
ed yon, and heard your sighs for mo — but have
never had n favorable opportunity till iiiiw to ad-
dress you. You sigh for the novelties and pleas-
ures of this dazzling world ; you despise -those
musty books ; and you are, in fact, precisely like
me. So come with me, and I will show you- my
treasures and palaces."

I complied. She led me through street after
street, and lane after lace — when at last we reach-
ed a house beautiful in appearance, but poorly
constructed. Hire I was about toetilor, when my
attention was attracted by a low wbispor. I lis-
tened, and heard the following pithy maxim —
" Look before you leap." I did, and judge "f "ly
astonishment, when I turned to ask my Ci^nductress
the mcnning of those words, I behold hor, changed
to her original form, and instead of a pleasant and
smiling face, nothing remained but a malicious
grin of triumph, with pride and self-esteem depict-
ed on her haggard countenance.

I was now at a loss what to do, when I was re-
lieved by the approach uf a nynipli, at whole ap-
pearance my enchuntress vanished. " Had 1 not 3^,0,,
come," said l^oarning, (for that was her name)
" what would have been your fate. Ignorance only
knows, as none return when oucc they have crosi-
ed her threshhold."

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England .AgricuUural VVurchouse and Seed Slutc,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market .Street, by

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

FLOWBR SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO,, Nos. 61 and 52 North Mar-
ket street, oflrr for sale their u-iual variety of Flower Seeds,
ciunprising all that are desirable for cullivation.

Boston, March 9lh, 1842.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do, do.
200 Cultivators.
UpO rjreenc's Siraw Cullers,

Cn Willis' do. do,
lOU Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn
Shellers.

50 Common do do.
2t.ii Willis' Seed Sowers.

60 " Vegetable Cutlers

60 Common do. do.

200 Hanil Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Oi Vokes,
1600 Doz. Scythe Stones.
30('n ' Austin's Rifles.

March 17.

too doz. Cast Steel Sbovi

I GO " Common do.

too " Spades.

Grass Scythes,
Patent Snailhs,
Common do.
Hay Rakes.
Garden do.
Manure Forks. ,
Hay , do. ,

600 Pair Trace Chaios.

100 " Truck do.

100 Draft do.

500 Tie up do.
60 doz, Haller do.

000 yards Fence do. .,

25 Grind Stones od rolll^ *

GRkEK'S PATKNT STRAW CUTTER.

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

The subscribers offer for sale a great variety of Vegeta-
ble Seeds desirable lor the Hot bed, as follows,

Early Cauliflower.
' Broccoli, of sorts.

Nonpariel Cahliage.

Early Hope do.

Early Synol's Cucumber, | Celery, superior sorts.

Fine Long Green do. Sweet Marjorum.

E^g Plant. 1

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK it CO., at Iho New Eng-
land AgricuUural Warehouse, No 61 and 62 Norlh Market
Street, Boston. March 9.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. at IheNcw Englnnd
Uiral Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 nndr.2.N.
ket Street, have for sale. Green's Palenl Straw, 1
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle 11.
applied lo any implemcnl lor lliis purpose. The nin
inent effects of this application, and some of the cui
peculiarities of the machine are -.

1. So great a reduction of the quantum ol power 1
to use it, thai the strength of a bah grown boy is ^
to work it elficiently,

2. With even this moderate power, il easily cuts n
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as bus hen
by any other machine even when worked by hortc 1
power,

3. The knives, owing 10 the pcculiarmanner in wl
cut, require sharpening less oflen than those ot ai
straw culler,

4. The machine is simple in its ennslraclion, made
together very slroiiRly. It is therefore nol so liul.l
complicated machines in general use lo gel oul ol

.Agni

luv .

>t Ui
sipri
iscqo

rcqau

ufhci

vobD

ADMISriSTRATOR'S 8AI..E

At 1 o'clock, P. M. on MO.NDAV, March, 2Slb, 1842, will
be sold at public .Auction, a good Farm situated in Dover,
Mass. about 16 miles from Boston, ccmlaininB about 60 acres
of good land, having a young Orchard of Fruit Trees, viz:
Apples, Plums, (luincei and Currants, with about ten acres
of Woodland with n House, Bnrn and good water, and
Wood-shod, nnd other oul buildings built about 10 years
since.

The above Form will be sold at a reasonable price, by or
der ol an administrator to settle I he estate

For further porliculars inquire of LF.LAND MANN, near
the premises, or JOSEPH CALLENUER, No, 3 Water si ,
- Mnrch 9.

VCR S«l.E>

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
months „ri, E. PHINNEY.

Lexington, Feb, 9,

SUN DIALS.

Jnst received a few of Sheldon & Mere's, Sun Piall
very neat and useful article for the purpose ofgivint: ihc In
of day in the garden or field. Price 76 cenls, Fi^r lalt
J BRECK 4- CO,, No 61 and 62 Norlh Mnrkei Si

Sept I.

NEW ENGLAND F A R M K R ,

A WF.KKLY eAfr.tt.

Terms, §2 per year in nrfranc*, orfS .W if nol ^
within thirty days.

H. B. — PoBliiiaBliirs ari^ permitted by law lo frank I
■iibscriplions and reiiiiltancts for newspapers, wiih*
expense to aubiirribers.

VOTTLX AMD DBNIfITT, PKIRTEKS.

AND H O 11 T I C U L T IT R A L II E G I S T E R .

^

t<Ur.I.tSHRD BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO.

NOUTH M.\RKKT STllKICT, (Aoricolturau Wahhou.i.)— .ALLK.N PUTiNAM, KIJITOR.

DOSTON, WKDNKSDAY KVKNINd, M.VKCll :tO, 1842.

(VO. .10.

N, E. FARMER.

From Ihe Journnl of ito English Agricullural Socielf.

N THE CULTIVATION OF MANGOLD
WUIiZKI..

BT TVM. MILKS, M. P.

To Th.Pusfi), tU-i., M. P.— Dear Pusey — Not-
listaniiing llic favorable result of Lord Spencer'ti
>cnmeul wii.'i m:inj;i>M-w\irzel, tlie consideralimi

naturally 9uggi\<l itself to the mind of the far-
r, previously to hU adopting the cultivation of
J root, whether, although the mangold-wurzel
y bring on his cattle faster and better than tho
;de turnip, it is not more dillicult of culture,
-e lender in its habits, and less productive in
k per acre than the Swedish turnip ; and I think
rcfore, it may not be unoprfitahle to Iny before
readers of the Journal first, the chemical anal-
I of the highest and lowest order of turnip and
nangold-wurzcl, as given by Sir II. Dary, and
he sugar beet and orange globe mangold-wur-

as lately obtained on the same plan by the

i:brated Bri.stol chemist, Mr Ilerapath ; and
^ to point out the system adopted by myself in
West of England in the cultivation of man-
J.nurzel, which has been attended with complete
cess.

r. — Qiuin/i(^ of J^t'atritive Matter in 1000 par<».
'Mucitase Saccharine) Glutftn I

^ecii*. or

I Starcli

'dl!ih lurnip, 9

itx lurnip, 7
igold-wurzel, 13

igB globe, 2.'.3

arbeel, 1*3

matter or
I Sugar.
51
34
119
106}
126}

.ilbumtn I
2

11-5 less than
1 1-4 1

X Quantity nf Salulile or .Vutritive Matter tn each root,

as iihvuin liu the abovt Analysis :

Swedish turnip, (•4

White lurnip, 42

Mangold-wurzel, 136

Orange gl"be, 135^

Sugar beet, 146}

ij this table, it is apparenl that equal quantities
iwede turnip and orange-glnbe mangold-wurzel,
uin very different proportions of nutritive niat-
the latter more than doubling the former in
ntity ; and should the mangold-wurzel be of
iHy easy culture with the Swedish turnip, it
09 almost unaccountable that it should not yet
come into more general cultivation. I have
n the com.iion red sort for six, the sugar beet
four, and tho orange-globe for three years ;
le kinds have regularly come into course with
I s<vedes upon light land ; the product has al-
a been equal — in most cases far heavier The
de turnip has enemies innumerable : I have
sr obscr»ed the mangold-wurzel attacked either
fly, slug, or wireworm. Equally a cleans-
crop with the sivede, it stores belter, and lasts
i for a longer period. In the summer of this
I was using sugar beet with stall-fed cattle,
h cut perfectly good and crisp in August.

The niodo of culture I adopt i:p to depoDitiiig the
seed in the ground, is the same as that ndoptiid in
Northumberland for ridging the swede. (Ircat
care, however, must bo taken that the seed of the
mangold-wurzel is not burled too deep, or it will
not vegetate. Dibbling, as you never can ensure
an equal depth, does not answer ; nor does the
seed drill well, if properly prepared by steeping,
which I should recommend, for ot least twentyfoiir
hours before planting. To ensure, therolore, a
proper depth, I have been in the habit of using an
iron wheel, round the outer circumference of winch,
18 inches apart, iron points project, broad at the
base and tapering towards the point, about i 1-2
inches long; this is wheeled upon the top of the
ridge, the man walking in the furrow, and thus
holes are formed which can never run into the ex-
CC3.S of too great depth, and into which the secils
are deposited by women and boys following the
wheel, and generally covering the seed by draw-
ing the foot as they advance at right angles wiih
the ridgs over the holes; the roller follows, and
thus llie sowing terminates. One man wiili the
wheel will keep six persons well employed in de-
positing the seed after him. This system was ro-
cominended me by my friend Mr Webb Hall, and
since I have adopted it, my crop has never failed.
The after culture to the storing is similar to
that of the swede; great care, however, should be
token in never permitfipg two plants to grow in
the same spot, which will be the case frequency,
should only one capsule even be deposited in each
hole, as every capsule contains many seeds.
Should the tops remain uncut, the plant will stand
a considerable degree of frost ; it should, however,
be stored early in Nwember; the best and cheap-
est method is to build it up against some high wall
contiguous to your beast sheds, not more thoii 7 or
8 feet deep, carried up square to a certain height,
and then tapering in a roof to the top ot the wall ;
protect the sides with thatched hurdles, leaving an
interval between the roots and the hurdles, which
fill up with dry stubble, cover the roof with about
a foot of the same, and then thatch it, so as to con-
duct all moisture well over the hurdles placed as a
protection to the sides. In pulling -the plants, care
should be taken th^t as little injury be inflicted
upon them as possible. Cleansing with a knife
should on no account be permitted, and it is safer
to leave some of the leaf on, than by cutting it too
close to impair the crown of the root. 'I'he dryer
the season is for storing, the better, although I
have never found the roots decayed in the heap by
the earth, which in wet weather has been brought
from the field, adhering to them. As to the pro-
ductiveness of the different sorts, in one year I
have grown a larger quantity of sugar beet per
acre, in another of mangold-wurzel; both these,
however, I consider exhaust the land to a greater
degree than the sn ede ; but i have formed a very
high opinion of the orange-globe, though not so
large a producer generally as the other two sorts:
it appears always to throw at least two thirds of
its weight above ground, neither is its tap-root
larger nor its fibrous roots greater than those of

the swede turnip. Care chould bo tukun in giving
cuttle every species of this root, as if taken in ex-
cess, it is apt to scour; indeed, from the avidity
with which cattle eat the sugar beet, and from its
viscuous properties when quite fresh from the
ground, it should be stored so as to uoine into con-
sumption the last of the roots.

In feeding store cattle, I should commence ivilli
swede turnip, proceed with the orange globe, then
with mangold-wurzel, and finish off with the su-
gar b;-el ; thus not only frequer.lly varying the
food, but using them in the order corresponding
exactly with tho nutritive matter contained in each
description of plant. I have found indeed equally
with Lord Spencer, that it will not do to return
from any sort of mangold-wurzel lo t ^cdc turiiipi',
as evon beasts in the straw yard have for 'i or 3
days refused such a change. I may add that the
earlier in April your mangold-wurzel is sown the
better; the deeper tho tilth the greater probability
of a heavy crop; but that although both the man-
gold-wurzel ami sugar beet require a deeper and
stronger land than the swede turnip, yet that the
orange globe will flourish wherever the latter will
succeed.

These are the details of the system I adopt as
regards this root, and I shall ho glad if I should
prevail upon those who have not yet tried the cul-
ture of it to grow a small quantity, assured as I
am. that for cer'ainty of crop and feeding pri'pcr-
ties, the mangold-wurzel will not deceive expecta-
tion. Vours, truly,

Kin^ttceslon, Aou. 1, 1841. W. MitEs.

The foregoing article contains directions in re-
gard to the time of planting and manner of storing
the mangcUwurtyi. that are (veil, doubtless, for
England, bitt. are r.ot suited to this country. Or,
if the manner of j.'oring would answer here, the
time of sowing; should be nearly two months later.

We last year raised a few of the yellow globe
mangel-wurtzel : — they did well and looked very

rich ; but we took no particular account of them

Ed. N. E. F.

GYPSUM.

Josiali IJordwell, of South Hadley, Mass., has
four acres of pasture ground, anj applies to it an-
nually one thousand pounds of gypsum. The same
application, and at the same rati rate, has been
iiiiide :i.> years in succession. i):i this lot he pas-
tures annually one large yoke of oxen, one horse,
two cows, an<l some years three cows. Prior to
the use of plaster, Mr B. says it required at least
six acres of this land to afford as much feed as he
has obtained from one acre, by using plaster.

He has also a piece of mowing ground which
contains four acres. Two crops of hay are taken
from it regularly. On this ground he uses plaster
of Paris freely, and applies a top-dressing of iim-
nure. His annual product of iiay is fully sixteen
tons Genesee Far.

A Mr Jones, of West Barnstable, hos a sheep 4
years old, which has borne him ten lambs.

8U6

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 30, 184S.

For ihe N. E. Karmer.

NO GUESSING— CUTTING OF HAY.

Mb Editor — Much has been said and written
upon the aiivantages of cutting fodder for cattle.
I have frequently heard it said that to cut the foed
for cattle, ivns a saving in the amount eaten of
from 20 to 30 pounds to the hundred. An asser-
tion to this amount, I not very lung since read in
jour valuable paper. It appears to me some men
live for the Sfake of firming, while others farm for
the sake of a liviyif^. I pet my bread by the sweat
of my fuco, and liavo long since learned to receive
cautiously the views of those who give experiments
to the public from what " my man" says. I never
was persuaded to be at the expense of cutting fod-
der for my slock, until the pat^t winter. In the
early part of last winter I purchased one of Green's
machines for cutting straw and hay. After having
learned my cattle to cat cut feed, (for I was oblig-
ed to learn them,) I commenced what I considered
an experiment that would prove the loss or gain of
cutting fodder. I weighed, cut and fed myself,
with the exception of three or four days, when ill
health prevented. And now if you think my expe-
riment will be of use to my brother farmers, you
may give it a place in the N. R. Farmer.

1m 1840 I was unfortunate, and nearly lost my
grass seed by the drought, so that in 1841, my
crop was full halfsorrel mi.xed with clover. Upon
this hay I fed my cows, with the addition of now
and tlien a foddering of corn stover. I commenced
with two cows, the 2iUh of January, giving them
all they would eat for seven days ; at the end of
which I found I had given them 270 lbs. All that
remained of wliat I had given them, and which
Hhey refused lo eat, was U lbs. Actually consum-
««d, 2(>7 lbs.

T then fed witliout cutting for seven days. At
the expiration of this time, I found I had given
them 2'JO lbs. ; and there remained of what they
refused to cat, 30 lbs. Actually consumed, 200 lbs.

I then put two cows Doro with those above re-
ferred to, and fed their t.i fine hay and herds grass
for seven days, witho It cullHig, and found there
liad been given them 101 /fbs. There remained
which they refused to cn£, 45 lb». Consumed, 44<j
lbs.

I then put them seven days on the same hay cut
and mixed, and found I had given them 454 lbs.
There remained of that which they refused to eat,
20 lbs. Consumed, 434 lbs.

It will be seen that in the last case, 37 lbs. more
was given lo the four cows of uncut hay, and 16 lbs.
more was eaten than of that which was cut. This
I account for in the change from the poorer to the
better hay. Had the good hay been given first
cut and then whole, the difference would have been
the other way, in all probability ; for the two weeks
succeeding, lliey consumed a few pounds more of
cut tlian of whole hay.

Perhaps you may suppose that by this time, my
hay cutting machine is stowed safely away in some
back corner, as lost and uselcs^s. Hut this is not
the case. But 1 am thoroughly convinced that
there is no saving in the quantity of hay by cutting.
Nor do I believe that good clear hay pays the ex-
pense of cutting for any stock, unless it be for a
horse. Hut coarse clover and coarse meadow hay,
pays well for cutting, because cattle will eat more,
not Ust. I have cut and mixed these two kinds of
hay, and if the condition of my cattle may be ad-

mitted as evidence of the benefit of cutting such
hay, it is proved to my satisfaction.
Vours, respectfully,

OTIS BRIGHAM.
n'e3lboro\i4lh March, 1842.

[IlA'Mr ISrigham is worthy of all confidence. He
has here given very valuable statements. The
facts surprise us. We had supposed that there
wos more actual saving from cutting food for our
cattle — but the statements of the scales must be
taken; — a single tale from them is worth a thou-
sand guesses. In one important respect, this trial
is deficient: the time is not long enough. To
show that other trials have resulted differently, we
copy the following statement:

" Mr Benjamin Hale's .^ccowil of Ihe Saving made
by the use of Straw Cutters, employed to cut h^y
and straw, as i odder for Horses.

Mr Hale was proprietor of a line of stages run-
ning between Newburyport and Boston. He says :

The whole amount of hay pur-
chased from April 1 to Oct. 1,
ISHi, (G months,) and used at T. ciot.gr. lb.
tlie stage stable, was 32 4 0 10

At $25 per ton, (the lowest
price at which hay was pur-
chased in 181G,) $800 00

From Oct. 1, 1816, to April 1,
1817, whole amount of hay
and straw purchased for,
and consumed by the same
number of horses, viz :

Straw, r. 1 13 3 10 .$1(30 23
Hay, 13 14 1 00 350 00

Deduct on hand April I, 1817,
by estimation four tons more
than there was Oct 1, 1816,
at $25 per ton,

Saving by the use of the
Straw Cutter, four months of
the last six months, or tlie
difference in expense in
in feeding with cut fodder
and that which is uncut.

$510 23

$100 00—410 23

$389 77

Mr Colman, if we are not mistaken, has some-
where given an experiment for three months, by
which he made the saving 50 per cent, or more. —
Ed.

Bishop Watson found that even when there had
been no rain for a considerable time, and the earth
was dried by the parching heat of sunuuer, it still
gave out a considerable quantity of water. By in-
verting u large drinking gloss on a close mown
grass plat, and collecting the vapor which attached
to the inside of the glass, he found that an acre of
ground dispeised into the air about 1600 gallons
of water in the space of 12 hours, of a summer's
day.

Within the last twelve months, have been chron-
icled the remarkable deaths of a President of the
United States, a Commodore in command at Wash-
ington, a Commander in Chief of the Army, a
Judge of the Supreme Court, and four distinguish-
ed members of Congress — all suddenly deceased
in the nudst of their responsible duties.

OF MIXED EARTHS AND CREEK MUl

"What expi?riinents have been made of creek
harbor mud from the sea flats ? what of mud tai
from I'rcsh-water ponds? what of the soil ta
from swamps overflowed ? how have they bi
used ? on what soils, for what crops, for what gi
ses, in what iranner, in what quantities, and w
advantage has bi'en derived froi.i them?"

Mr Btrden of ff'elhersfteld. A piece of lane
my neighborhood was manured witli earth that 1
been leached to make salt petre — the earth I
been leached 10 years before — the land has bo
surprising crops ever since this earth has been
plied. I have never vvitnessed so great and last
effects from any species of manure.

Mr Hart, of Berlin. One of my neighbors c
ried on to his up land mowing a number of loi
of earth from under an old barn. It has improi
his Innd surprisingly. For several years the C
has been very great,

.Mr .Ibel Branson, of )f'attrbunj. I have tr ;
the earth, taken from the ditches in my meado'
but never found that my land received any ben€<
I have carried large quantities into my hog sv
and barn yard, in autumn, and in the spring hi
manured my Indian coin with it. I h.ave foun>
load of this mixture of the earth and manure, as b«
eficial as a load of unmixed manure, from the bit
yard or the stye. I Imve used the mixture, wH
it has lain in this situation a year, and never fon
any dung better.

OF YARD OR STABLE DUNG, TANNBl
BARK, &.C.
" What methods have been taken to augment
manures taken from the yard or stable ?
means have been found to succeed best for
purpose."

Mr Andrew Hall, Jr., of Cheshire. I have ft
no manure so beneficial, on poor land, for pots
as the droppings of the cattle intermixed
straw, thrown into the yard to make mixture, er<
before it is matured.

Mr <lbd Bronson, of H'aterbury. I have tbi
pumice, tanner's bark, &c. into my hog styoi
found them to become very good manure.

Mr BlakesUy, of Plymouth. More than twei
years past, I had a large nursery of fruit
To prevent weeds, &,c., from growing, I co'
the ground over with tanner's bark. It prevei
every thing hut the trees from growing. Afl*
some years had elapsed, when the trees had I
been taken from the nursery, I sowed the land wi
oats and clover. The oats were good, and I
clover excellent Since the clover has gone »
the natural grass has come in, and the hndb
continued as good as any I have. I have fuui
bark one of Iho best kinds of manure.

I find, from experiment, that Iw • Ivuis of duB
carried on the land in the spring, are worth tbli
loads carried on in the fall.

PLOWING IN OF CLOVER, OR BUC»
WHE.VT.

" Have any experiments been made of maflf'
ing land with clover, buckwheat, or oats turned,
plowed into the earth before they were ripe j II
has any benefit been received ?

Mr Hart, of Berlin. 1 have made an experimc
in plowing up a field, on which I had two ye»
before sown clover. The clover was mowed (i
yielded a good crop. Soon afterwards I plowf

vol.. XX. .\l>. 30.

AND H 0 R T I CUT I. 1" i; K A L REGISTER.

3C7

B 6eM am! lot it lio until I loiiiiJ lliat llio clover
d m»turau-.l. 1 llion pli.wod it «(;«'"• '•'''"'
lid looked very well, and 1 supposed it much I'li-
hed. I 30« cd wheat, but wa« dis.ippiunted in it,
the crop wa.s poor. I knew, however, that the
id was iiuich enriched, and concluded that I »»"
(Tented from having a good crop of wheat from
ler causes, t!isn the land not beinj; well prepared.
Mr Phelps, of Simsbury. I plowed up a clover
Id, the second year after it was sown, when the
,(s wore full grown. It was about a rorlnijrhl
er mowing the land. I let the licld lie in this

latioii about si.'c weeks, then harrowed it well

red It with wheat, and plowed in the wheal,
e next year 1 harvested as niucli as twenty
ihcls to the acre The soil was rather dry and

Mr ILokcr, of Fannin^lon. 1 cowed a sandy
d with buckwheat. When it was grown and in
oni, I plowed ny ticld in ridges, and covered the
eat. .\fter it had lain about e\x weeks, I plow,
it asjain in ridyee, putting the new ridges where

balks were before. Soon after I harrowed the
i, and sowed it with wheat. The next summer
irvcsted an excellent crop.
»fr Ik'.dtn, of H'llhersfiM. I have sown buck -
■at, both on sandy land and on loamy land, and
»ed it in to prepare the land fur wheat. I have

good crops from it, and have found the experi-
it to succeed to my wishes. — Transactions of
Conn. Agricid. Society.

AN EXPERIMKNT.
fr Editor. — The details of an experiment which
cd last sprinij, assisted by a little imagination,
a good tiow of mother English, would make an
■ing tale. But as I possess neither, I shall at-
ot nothing but a statement of facts. And, per-
(, if the hint is acted upon, it may be beneficial
oth the Farmer and the Printer.
•wing to causes which I could not control, and
rary to my wishes and general practice, I had
iant a piece of new ground as we farmers call
1 late in the season, that on the Cor.i coining
Ihere was no other near to divide the attention
he crows and other birds. The Corn, as will
ne case, in land that is not well cleared of the
and covered with the plow, came up very
•ular, which enabled the birds to take it nearly
Jt as it came up, that is, on two sides of the
which were bordered by old field pines. I
round the field some two or three times a day,
hti what protection I could to the young Corn,
It Uie end of about two weeks from the time
Jorn first began lo come up, so great was the
B on about one fourth of the field, and the
IS stood so '' few and far between," that I was
ied to plow that portion up. As the season
growing late, and the Corn now left, was too
dvanced for the "varmints" lo pull up, and
ing of the proverb, "a bird in the hand is
h two in the hush," I finally concluded to go
it with hoes, and have clean earth put on the
with the view of having it tome up as much
as possible. The replant soon began lo
I up, and I again commenced my rounds ; but
) very littl* purpose for Uie field being, large,
I would be in one place, the birds — red-birds,
s, &.C., would pounce down somewhere else

o to work.

thought of soaking the seed corn in tar, but
was out of season ; I thought of hoards cut

into various comic figures, painted, and hung up,
to bo agitated hy the wind ; 1 thought of now tin,
rrtlecting the sun's rays, &.C.; but all these plans
ro<|uirod Boine delay, and my case was urgent. 1
uii.s about ti) give it up, when raising my hood my
rye rested upon a desk, wherein was depi'sited all
the newspapers I had receivrd for yeais. Tlie
a struck me — ha I .Mr Rditur do you Hm"ll it
now ? yes, the idea si ruck mc to use these papers
in frightening the bird.< from my field. Well, I .
gathered an armful of the papers, without regard
lo religion or politics; excluding from the honor,
only such as by their form, were not suited to such
an entorprizc : I also pocketed a gross of small tacks,
and " put out." By the way, I cut with my pocket
knife, a qu.inlity of small poles, six or eight feet
ong, leaving a horizontal branch at tlie top, or if
tliat was wauling, I bent the top square to one Sde,
so that the papers might hand perpendicular and
square, the belter to resist the action of wind and
uler. And now for the result : as I stuck the
pole in the ground, I heard a crow, the only one in
the field, F believe, about 1.50 yards off. He utter-
ed not another sound, but putting himself in com-
plete trim, he darted through the air with almost
the swiftness of an arrow, nor did I see any crows
in that field from thai time, until the corn was out
of danger.

Farmers of Edgefield, take good papers, and
read them, and if you have occasion, use them as
scarecrows. — [Plowboy.

[From 'Transactions of the Essex Agricultural Society.']

PREMIUMS FOR CROPS IN ESSEX COUNTY.
The Committee on the C'lltivation of Crops, Re-
port :

That claims have been entered and statements
made as follows: —

Hy Francis Dodge, of Danvers, for Corn.

" Enoch Dole, of W. Newbury, " "

" John Noyos, of Newbury, " Rye.

" William Williams, of Rowley, " Oats.

" John Noyes, of Newbury, " Onions.
The Society the present year have offered pre-
miums for the best conducted experiment on crops
of wheat, rye, oats, barley and Indian corn, on not
less than one acre; for the next year, in addition
to the above, premiums will be offered for the best
conducted experiments in rai.iing crops of carrots,
onions, sugar heels, rtita baga, and mangel wiirtzel,
on one half acre, and it is hoped that there will be
many claimants for all these premiums. Farmers
are desirous of ascertaining by what process such
crops can bo most siiceessfully cultivated, and by
no other means can this information be so readily
and satisfactorily obtained, or sn easily dissemina-
ted. They want to know what kind of soil, ma-
nure and cultivation are best adapted lo each of
these crops, and their own operations will in some
measure be directed by the successful operations
of competitors. It is therefore highly desirable
that all the statements submitted should be plain
and accurate. The soil, manure and variety of
seed should be carefully stated, and all such obser-
vations and remarks as may tend to enlighten not
only old farmers but learners of the art.

It is often interesting to have the means of
knowing how hrge crops have been raised in the
country. For the purpose of satisfying in part
this curio.si'y, some extracts from Mr t/Olman's first
Report of the Agriculture of Massachusetts arc

hero inserted. Tlioro h.ivu buuii raised in this
county, lo the acre —

••or Wheat, 24, 'i3. and 32 bushels.

or Indian Corn, S4, !)0J, 'JOJ, lO.'i, 1 10, 1 13, 1 1."!,
117^ bushels.

or Barley, SO, r.lj, 52, 54 biishcln.

or Rye, 40, .'id bushels.

or Outi", 1000 bushels on twenty acres, avera-
ging 50 bushels lo the acre.

Of Carrots, ti 111, «(!!, H7rt. OIK) bushels.

or Mangel Wurlzel, y-J4, i:t40, at 5<i lbs. per
bushel.

or Beets, TtC) buahtls.

or English Turnips, CSG, M7, (;72, 751, 814
bushels.

Of Onions, (i.")l." By Mr Ware, of Salom, 900
bushels.

Some or those quantities apncar large, but the
amount which may be raised • <n a well manured
and thoroughly cultivated aero, would astonish any
one wlio has not witnessed the experiment. A
great cause of the want of success of many tanners,
is their olteinpt to cultivate too much land. To
own or to cultivate an extensive territory, is a poor
ambition. Our object should be to show how well,
and not how much we can till. When stern ne-
cessity, or good policy, or the dispensation of Pro-
vidence has divided farms, we have often noticed
that the several parts became more productive, and
in such cases it is almost always true that the half is
better than the whole. Whenever a farmer be-
comes satisfied that ho is cultivating loo much
land, he should sell off or lease his supernumary
acres, or turn them into pasture. The labor and
expense of raising thirty bushels of corn is three
quarters as much as much as of raising sixty bush-
els to the acre.

Many of our farmers have yet lo If arn the great
advantage of cultivating extensively root crops, os
a winter feed lor slock. A large portion of our
lime and strength is expended in procuring this
feed; it is now principally hay and corn-fodder.
The average quantity of hay to the acre is less than
a ton and a half ; but fifteen or even twenty tons
of carrots and mangel wurlzel, are not very extraor-
dinary. The expense of «i = .-r these roots is con-
siderable, but coinmonlyi it ciees not exceed p;x
dollars per ton. There cwmui be a doubt that a^
food for cattle, two tons of them are worth at least
as much as one ton of hay, and .slock kept in part
on roots, arc in belter health and condition, and
make more valuable manuie.

* * « • • • •

The Committee aword —

To Mr Francis Dodge, of Danvers, for his crop
of Indian Corn, 105 bushels, the premium o( $10 00

To Mr John Noyes, of Newbury, for his
crop of winter rye, 40 bushels and 22 quarts,
the premium of 10 00

To Mr William Williams, of Rowley,
for his crop of oats, 5t) bushels, a gratui-
ty of 7 00

Mr Williams's statement was not considered
sufficiently full and well authenticated to entitle
him to the premium, but his crop of 5'J bushels to
the acre, is creditable lo his good management.

Mr Dole's crop of corn was a very good one for
the season, but as no second premium was offered
by the Society, they cannot award it. Mr Noyes'
crop of onions is very large, for the amount of la-
bor spent upon it, but no premium was offered for
this crop.

For the Committee, DANIEL P. KING.

308

NEW E N G L A N i:) FARMER

>IAItCH30, 1^ i . I

05=" A. of the North," has politely favored us '
with the cut be1>iw, and we willingly insert his i
sprightly rciiiirku upon the heitaund colds of ojjri-
ctiltural litorattirc and science. They will afford
amueenient for many of our readers. But we have
a suspicion that tho glass will not always tell the
same story lu different eyes; for we do not always
find the fluid at the same point where " A." sees it.
—En. N. K. F.

Troni ihe Albany Culiiralor.

AGRICULTURAL TirCRMOMETER.

On the morning of the la.st aniiiversiiry of Amer-
ican Independence, wishing always to minijle utili-
ty with amusement, I commenced, what I had some
time contemplated, constructing an Agricultural
and Horticultural Thermometer, whicli, having
now completed, I ha»c the pleasure of sending you
a drawing of it, with the result of a few hasty ex-
periments ; and as leisure offers, shall continue its
application to many other characters, no douhl
equally meritorious, by way of testing its correct-
ness and utility.

The instrument consists of a cylindrical lube of
glass, containing eighteen drops of a liquid, known
only to a few persevering amateurs of chemical
science, by the name of Flnrum rxtctar Jlmtricano-
rum. 'J'he liquid is an animo-vegetable extract,
and is very expensive. It was obtained by ?. skill-
ful French chemist, assisted by an Indian doctor,
from native (lowers and Chica,* near Lake Georgef
and Lexington,! and mingled at Xochicaloo,§ with
magical ceromonic.^, with an extract from exotic
sensitive plants of several varieties. Its odor is
exceedingly powerful ; until sealed up in the gitss,
like oxygen ga.'!, its stimulus, though very deliijht-
ful, is insupportably powerful.

Tho tubu, being hermetically jealed to prevent
the escape of the liquid, which is o[ amazing vola-
tility, is fastened and enclosed ;n a cas^of finely
polished ivory, wood or bone, it Lcng reund that
metals, particularly gold and silver, .vill not answer
on account of their strong attraction for the li<iuid,
affecting it in the same manner as steel affects the
magnetic needle.

From the following diagram a better idea may

f^v be formed of the Thermometer :

Cieniue and scienre mnfle prnctical.
Gfriiiip and gcicnco cotnbined.
Sciinlific agnciillnru wiib horticuliure.
I^tniilatlon awjikened.

\z

V

5] — Prnlilablc experiment.

Book farming commnncfd.
indusliy will) a desire to improve.
Unprnfitabln industry.
Industry wllli conceited ignornncc.
Igrioiance and sloth.

Tliis wonderful liquid, which the thermometer
contains, appears almost to say, " I am the spirit

* *' Chica, an intoxicatirig bevcrngo prepared by tlie
ancient Indiann." — M. W. Bradford's .Imertcan Antiqui-
ties, p. IM.

) " Near l.ako George, in tlie State of New York, for-
merly flood a lurgc mmind ; and in its vicinity were
fields appearing to liuve been anciently cullivated, and
also o!ik, pnlm and orange uroves," — ll. p. 3H.

t" Neiir l.cxinglon, in Kentucky, an irregular struc-
ture, HUO yards in circumference, wilhpits and ram-
parts, tlin wtiole of wliicti was overgrown with forest
Ireos oflnriic size, and bf tlie growlli and kinds unuiual
iu Ifie vicinity. "

§ " Xiicliienico, or the House of the Flincers, is lilua-
led upon the ctevated plains of Cueriinvaca, at a lieight
of nearty SIX ihousnnd feel above Ihe level of the aea."
— Lutrobcs HamhUs in Mexico.

that dwells in the flowers." It possesses such ex-
treme sen.-iibility, that, when strongly excited, it
becomes slightly luminous, and in some extraordi-
nary cases, emits brilliant sparks. I had thought
of taking out a patent, but as I am not actuated by
selfish views, if it can be of any practical use to
my broiher farmers, or aflord them any gratifica-
tion by its singular developments, they liave my
entire approbation to the enjoyment of such bene-
fits ; and all editors friendly to agriculture, (and
what editor, having due regard for good eating and
drinking, is not?) it i.-i hoped will be prompt in di-
recting the attention of the public generally to the
Agricultural thermometer.

The subjoined are some of the experiments: —

JrssE lit'KL. — In bringing the thermometer in
contact with his paper, " Improvement of Farm Im-
pltmtnls" the critique or liquid contained in the
tube, appeared unsettled for a moment, inclining
to rest at 4, but soon got under way, making a dis-
tinct pause at each point of criticism, 5, (J and 7,
and passed them to 'J in the most prompt and grace-
ful manner. This will be accounted for by those
acquainted with his life. He was a printer, and
conducted several papers with great skill, and by
judicious management, raised liiinsclf from very
moderate circumstances to a degree of wealtli.
Ho then turned his attention to the pursuit of Agri-
culture, and as a mere book farmer he was emi-
nently successful in converting the sandy barren
plains, west of Albany, into rich fields, covered
with an abundance of nature's choicest gifts. He
then, at the earnest persuasion of a friend, was in-
duced to commence and establish the Cultivator,!
which, however we may hold those who govern, 1
and those who kill mankind as superior in rank to;
these who feed them, certainly ranks him as one of j
the greatest benefactors of the human race. |

Let those who exult in llieir own folly, and I
sneer at hook farming, br.ng forward, if they
can, any thing in the boasted icsiilts of their old
hereditary system, to compare in profit, usefulness, [
or beauty, with the doings and results in agricul-
ture in general of a Buel, a Colniaii, a Thomas,
a Lowell, and an extensive catalogue of others,
who from other pursuits, and beginning perhaps
with scarcely a knowledge of the names of farming
implement.-!, have caused profits to be reaped which
our grandfathers never knew ; and hy book farm-
ing have exalted the cliaiacter of Agriculture from
a low groveling pursuit, to its proper rank, the first I
and noblest employment. But to return t<i the im-
provoment of farm implements. j

Ploic. — In this implement the advance in thirty ^
years, has been truly astonishing. There is scarce-
ly less difference between the neat cast iron plow ,
of the present lime, and the clumsy wooden article ,
used for the purpose at that period, than between .
that and the ironpointed crolrlicd slick of the an- .
cienls. In the ease of working and the efiect pro- j
duced on the soil, every man competent to judge ,
will admit that the difference effected by improve-
ment in the last thirty years, is equal to fifty per
cent.

The Thriishin/; Machine. — Experience shows i
that the farmer wlio gets out and sells his grain in |
autumn, admitting tho prices are tho same, realizes
from his crop at least ten per tent, more than he '
who docs not dispose of his crop till Ihe next
spntig. But It may be safely asserted that in grain
growing districts, the whole force of the farm, if
devoted to that object alone, would not bo able to
bring hii grain into market in the fall if thrashed

by hand. Hence the thrashing machine lias co ,
to his aid, and does the work so much better^ a|
and quicker than it can be done by hand, tl
that the getting out of a thousand bushels of win
is counted a small affair.

The Horse Rake. — With this instrument, on la
fitted as meadows always should be, one man a
horse will do the work of six men with hand raki
The value of this labor-saving machine will not
disputed by those who have tested its power, wh
time presses or elorins lower over the hay-field.
is not less valuable as a gleaner in the , vvlieat
barley stubble, where no care can prevent a quan
ty of grain being left, surprising to one who h
never gleaned with the horse rake.

W.'ifn testing Jksse Buel's article on the jEco
omy and .■ipplicolion of .Manures, the critique
found stationary at 1) — on bringing his .IJvantng
of Draining to the test, 5 was found a strong poi
of attraction, with short trips to 7 and 8. I:
Comparative Profits of Cood and Bad Husband)
when brought to the critique, caused groat comm
tion. Tho liquid inclining to rest at 0, but after
meiiientary pause jumped like the dancing maste;
pupil, to his 1, 2 and 3 — 4, .') and G; but final
rose to !•, and appeared luminous with brillia
sparks. The same was observed on turning to I
papers on the ^Jgricullural School, and also li
Sevin Reasons why Jlgriculture should receive t
Patronage of Government, with nearly timilar r
suits.

Hf.vry Colman — When his truly valuab
State Reports on the Agriculture of iMnssachuetl
were offered for the test, the critique was niuc
disturbed, yet played in great dignity with 7, 8 ar
9, and occasional trips to 4, 5 and 0, and appea
ing slif^htly luminous, emitting at llic same tiir
small but very brilliant scintillations round 0,
2 and 3. On turning over over some volumes '
Mr Colman's Addresses, found the liquid playir
harmonious oscillations from 5 to 'J and !) to 5, lili
the movements of a well regulated timepiece,
was much pleased with the effect, as it seemed i
indicate his equal claim lo those points, and I ali<
consider it conclusive proof of the instrumeott
correctness. Still willing, however, to remove I
possibility of doubt as to tlie correctness of my r
slninient, I turned it to Fcvcral of his valuable C
says with similar results in each case.

The public are much indebted to him for h)<
long continued exertions to improve all the depoiM
iiients of our husbandry.

ff eight of t'altle. — The records of the iSmitlK
field market in London, prove that within one huOt
dred years, the average weight of the cattle killi
for that market, has nearly doubled, rising from bw
tween four and five hundred to between seven aDi>
eight hundred, and Ihe greater part of this increa»
has been in the last forty years. It is calculalei
that the cattle offered at the Brighton market, net^
Boston, average at least fifty per cent, more at tl>
present time than they did twenty years since.—
This impiovcment we owe to the knowledgi
brought to bear on Ihe breeding of cattle, and agri
culture generally.

Willis (Javlord His voluminous papers oi

Chemical Manures, Huttrr, Chitsc, .IgricidturalJli
sociations, the Increase of the Corn (Vo,/. \c. be-
ing severally brought to the test, cnis.-il rapid
movements with the critique, which »:is luilcd ro»-
iiig from 4 to 8, but rose to !) in a cliaste and lumi-
nous manner, with brilliant sparks at the top ol
the instrumcut.

tot.. XX. KO. 30.

A N D H O R T I C U L T IT R A L REGISTER,

309

■i

■W'l'inrrs Tho prcpnratnin ami npplicixlion of

'' ■ Hclivo mill ctliclont lllonn^<, wiili tviiichllio

uC(]iialnlcd, of incrcnmii); tlio productivo-

ii.-; grv>unda, nre the elibct of cliciiiistry up-

LJ i.> ngriciilliirc. 'I'licro nro few wlio cannot

^iciaber when bone dust, lime, scn-iiinrls, urate,

d I ...... 4.(- _ were thin);i3 never heard of; when

unlslion of bonca about our cities and
1 ,.>rio9 was a nuisance, and tho only ques-

1 n specling other substances now so valuabln,
I, as to the easiest manner in which thoy could
disposed of; when the leisure of winter and the
son of ice were embraced to transport ihein
fre the returning sprini; would convey tliem to
ocean or elsewhere. How astonishinj; is this
e of ihmgs, compared with the fact now asrer-
icd, that the value of animal manures annually
ectod and applied to the crops in Kngland, at
rent prices, surpasses the whole amount of il^
commerce; und that animal niaimro lias
n, and can be profitably imported into Kngland
n so great n distance as the eastern part of tho
ific Ocean.

IgricuUural Jl3Sociaiion$ The splendid agri-

ural improvemDnlB, now here and there exhibi-
nre the results of Agricultural Journals nnd
•iciiltural .Associations, where enterprising indi-
lals meet periodically, and by intorclianging nil
r ideas, iiicrease the general stock in at least
couipound ratio of Iheir numbers; each one rc-
is home with the knowledge possessed by the
le, and with a coninicnpurate stock of new siig-
ions for future reflection and experiments,
spontaneous operations of the human mind, in
inassistcd state, require ages to arrive at re-
a which the united efforts of numerous individu-
e.xcited by emulation, would produce in, per-
i, a few days. Most other employments lead
ssociatioii, while the farmer remains in an iso-
\ state, scarcely regarding the operations of
leighbor.
ndian Corn. — The benefits of skillful cultiva-
te shown in the improvement of the corn
i, as much perhaps as in any other way. A
I of seventyfive bushels per acre is now as com-
as fifly was twenty years since ; and there
bo little duubt that one hundred bushels per
are now oftener reached than was seventy at
time.

•avid Thomas When his numerous articles

*Vuiij were brought to tho test, the liquid stood
, but soon rose to 9, fully luminous. When his
Dtific and practical Floral articles were tested,
ood at 7 and 9, the strong points of attraction,
inipanied by a host of brilliant sparks.
>iii/«. — Compare the quantity and quality of
fruits and vegetables now offered in our mar-
with those exhibited thirty years since, and
improvement is astonishing. From the growth
le encumber to the production of the must de-
■usof our fruits, the influence of science is felt,
the encouragement for further effort, and the
lainty of an ample reward, is every whore visi-

Tfoioera ; —

If ho does not love the flowers, the sweet youag flowers,

ith theirl<rightradi»rit eyes, anil gent!e smiles,

id .ones of love for oil who step B»i<Je

■om the dim path ofhTe lo talk wiiti ibem

arhile, and gather lessons from their pure

1(1 ever npcning leaves 7 Oh, it would seem

lat God had placed them here, nnd given to each

I own meek, simple lo7elinc!»^, that man,

•outi man, may sloop from his high throne at times,

Id humbly own the gentle Rowers his teacheis

the great school-room of this buay world,"

Ht^HV S. Kanoai.i.. — On bringing Ins pnpcr'
i .//.Ticii/Zurc com/jiirfil with the I'mJ'essions, lo the
1 test, ti wns noticed to be the luminous strong point.
Found his articles on Caltit, Sher/i nnd Iloracs, nt
< tho same point, with brilliant sparks.
I lirttiliiif; Slock. — The progress of improvement
' 111 breeding has been so great, that the breeders
li.nve no longer occasion to use the old proverb,
" A good cow may have a bad calf;" on the con-
trary they can say with confidence, their good cows
never have bad calves. A skillful observance of
tiie laws of nature has wrought this change. Fiir-
fi:erly there may have been as good animols rs wo
h.ivc now, but then it was accidental, and there
I w.is no certainty the progeny would resemble the
( parent; now the breeder makes the good qualilits
coiisiitutionul, and is thus certain of the character
of his animals.

Df. Witt Clikto.n's MJresses, while (iovernor
of New York, were brought for review, and those
j portions nf iliciii relating to promoting anricultiinil
knowledge, coming in contact wi'.h the thermome-
ter, the- critique rose majestically to 9, where it
( appeared stationary, continuing luminous for some
time, emitting bright scintillations. 'J'his result
greatly enhanced their value. Il brought a tear of
gratitude to the memory of that truly great states-
man, whose genius laid tho foundation of our na-
tional greatness, and inspired his country with un-
conquerable ardor in the achievement of internal
improvement.

Thk Transactions of the Essex Agricultural
Society were passed in review, and gave decided
evidence of high bearing : 5 was noted a point of
strong attraction. On turning over the many year-
ly proceedings, fmind the liquid roving to (i, 7, 8
and 9, all movements indicating "Theory to be
the parent of practical knowledge."

James M. Garnett. — On presenting several of
his interesting communications, the liquid inclined
strongly to 0, but on applying his Maxims (ind Pre-
cepts for Young Farmers, it rose suddenly to 9.
with brilliant sparks, somewhat luminous with
bright scintillations. These maxims, compared
with the ephemeral matter, which furnishes most
of our reading rooms and nre-sides, are like
Shakspeare's two grains of wheat to the bushel of
chaff.

SoLon Robinsom's papers claiming for Agricul-
ture the patronage of government, being brought
in contact with the liquid, it passed to tho top of
the tube, with force nearly suflicient to demolish
the instrument ; my hand, which held it, receiving
a shock as it from electricity. After some commo-
tion it settled at 9.

The .Amfrican I.nstitute On collecting to-
gether the doings and addresses of the Fourteenth
Annual Fair of lilts Institute, and placing iho in-
strument in contact with the collection, the liquid
sunk to 3, but immediately commenced rising by
small, distinct advanco.s, till it settled at '.), emit-
ting n steudily increasing light, continuing to in-
crease in brightness till it became dazzling, begin-
ning to emit sparks, when feeling alarmed for the
safety of the inslniment, I removed it away.

C. N. Br.MEKTS communications on bnproved
Pigs, being brought to the test, the liquid rose to
5, with flights to (i.

Improved Pigs. — Here is aa improvement which
no one, however slightly acquainted with the ani-
mal, can deny. The dallest eye can distinguish
between the round, fat, beautiful Berkshire, und
the thin, lean, long-nosed and kmg-legged hound-

like t:reature, which seems more fitted for ihc chaio
tliiin for tho sty. The farmer feels thu dillerenco
in hiH corn-crib, and more than all in his pocket.
I he difference in the cost of feeding and in tho
pork made, between the impriivod vnriciifg and
thoce generally fed twontyfivo years siiifi., jh not
jess than forty per cent. This is the result of
skillful scleutioii and crosses,

Wm. Daiii.i."«oto.n'« I'se of Lime, was brought
to the test, and the lii|iiiil was found at .'i, but rose
to 9. On bringing his Jlgricullnral llnlaiii/ (ur ex-
amination, 9 was found the point of attraction, the
lii|uid bubbling and throwing off luminoiia brilliant
scintillations.

II. A. S. Df.arbohn. — On opplying the ther-
mometer to the writings of 11. A. S. Dearborn, in
connection with Messrs. Wilder, Walker, Manning,
Pond, Warren, Perkins, Ciishing, and otlioi illus-
trious pioneers of Massachusetts llnrlicuiliire, the
liquid was much excited and himinou:', with mony
brilliant sparks, circling round 7 ; on turniiig over
his various papers, found so much good sense and
strength of reasoning, joined to a pure and master-
ly style, it rose with velocity to 9.

The name of Wasiiikoton is entitled to death-
like veneration, because he made our country free.
Who can dispute his claim to an equal perpetuity
of gratitude, who has made that counlry beautiful
and delightful .' When the creation was finished,
"God planted a garden in Eden," from which our
first parents were driven for disobedience, and in-
structed to till the ground for themselves. But
Infinite Wisdom invested their descendants with
reason, by which virtuous industry was enabled to
restore the temporal primeval blessing, by the
Godlike act of planting another garden, replete
with fruits as numenius and delicious, and llowera
as beautiful and as fragrant, as those of blissful
Eden. The man who has not only done this for
himself, but who by his talents has exerted a praise-
worthy emulation in others to do tlic same, not only
in his own city and State, but throughout his coun-
try, is H. A. S. Dearborn.

Dowm.>G's Landscape Gardening and Rural j3r-
rhilecture, was brought to the test; the critique op-
peared stationary at 7, but soon got in motion,
touching gracefully at 7 and 8, and settling at 9,
with luminous brilliant sparks.

Ftinii Houses, Gardens, Sfc. — A more correct
taste in the construction of farm lioii-es, and out
buildings and particularly in the di |iartiiiciit of
gardens and yards, is now plainly to be seen ; for
though much cannot be expected of the farmer on
these jioints, the smallest attention to them is proof
that infermation and a spirit of improvement have
reached him, and that he begins to think.

A. OF THK North.

Prtmium on Corn. — The premium offered by tho

Massachusetts Agricultural Society fur llie best
crop of corn, has lately been awarded f.ir ninety-
eight bushels to the acre to somebudy whose name
we hive forgotten. Mr Elias Ayres, of lliis town,
raised last year one hundred and Jijleen bushels of
corn from an acre. The proper statement of this
was forwarded to the pniper office of the society,
but wns nut filed until a day too late, oitlier through
the mistake of the messenger or because the Sec-
retary was not in his ofHce. No mention whatever
is made in the report of .Mr Ayres' corn. So, after
all, Barre has the palm. — Darre Gazetie.

Plant a tree whenever you are at leisure.

;io

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AUD HOBTICULTUBAL RKGI3TER.

ARCH 30, ]B««}|

inl for Iheir ^J^
nd iheir eTontwl^

BotTon, Wkdsksdat, March 30, 1842.

THE FAaMKRS MUCK MANUAL, BY Db. DANA.

We liave now rend this woVk with care. Its meriu

: gnniu element, for o>,y rn.p grown upon ll.ein." He I Ih.t has been offered. It will account for ihe.r gr,
! does not, however, maintain that these exist in soil,/ree. effwis, their long continued action, and their ere

The >,alural rroce-ses o( aeltin!; them free, so that thoy 1 exhaustion ofthe soil in case, where peine, in the for

can act in promoling vegetablo growth, ore slow. Hence 1 of common mai:ures, or of swamp muck, is not used

we infer it may be necwssary to mako t

cations that contain alkalies, in

can readily lakcn them up

soil appli- connection with them. — This chapter is worth the doll' . ,(,,
Slate ill which plants -which the whole book cosu

.. ^ ._ _^ Among the aciiyj of the salts, some are food for plant E^

Another ronclu^ion reached in this chapter is, " that I while others, unless used very sparingly, are poisonoi ri

■ •• .1,. „..„,;„„ „r •.■,iplli<»ent all soil contiiins jfuZ/j/iatennrf 7j/io5/iAu/«o/"/tmc' — that is, to vegelalion.

are so ,reat that ^ '"-'^ J ';;;;:;^ "' ' '^ ! pUster of Pans and'an element of hones. We have no. Those tha./eerf plants are-

o y iiaUfied assent to every position taken by space to give his proofs of this l.t, t arbonates-as hmestone marble.

' ' ^ ,. , Ik , „,=,., 1p» will Thus far he treats on y u{ mmgamc matters— those shells, shell marl, ashes of all kinds, an

the author, nnr becausu we expect that practice will " , , ,., ,■' , . m i c. i- j

,. , . I ;„ .11 ,1...;, „«,!= Hiii i,p. that never had life— cither animal or vegetable life. kinds.

^wnTTo Ilia ihnnrieH sound in all their parts, liui oe- p ....

prove his theories sound in all their p:
cause the work beiirs marks throughout of lailhful efforts
by an acute aiiil scientific mind, to explain what is need-
ad 111 m.ike soils fertile, and to show us liow the vari<ius
articles that are usually applied to the soil, produce their
favorable action.

Dr. Dana's language is scientific. Probably such lan-
guage is necessary. Ife would not require the agricul-
tural chemist to use any other. For who can faithfully
describe a ship and its movements, without using nauti-
<iil phrases .' Who can describe minutely the common
farmer's operations, without employing terms peculiar
to the fill m ? No one— and in c/iemi'stry, no words but
those that have been appropriated to that science, will
convey distinct and correct information.

Dr. Dana has defined what he means by silicates,
urates, salts and geine. If one will but understand these
definitions clearly, and learn what suhstnnces are -inclu-
ded under each, he Can read the bUok easily.

The first position taken in the book is, that agriailtu-
rally " there it one rock, consequently one soil" The
next is, " rocks do not "ffect the vegetation that covers
them " The third that " rocks have not formed the soil
which covers them." The author "« view is, that the
loosa materials of our globe have been transported and
mixed up so, that, for agricultural purposes, they arc all
much alike, so (ar as chemical composition goes. To
this position a few exceptions ore allmved — but not as
many as we have been accusloiried to suppose facts de-
mand.

The second chapter is upon " the ohemicHl constitu-
tion of rocks and soil. " The clemcnls of si.iVas there
given are —

The alkalies — Potash and soda.
" alkaline eurilis— Lime and magnesia.
" earths (acid)— Silex and alumina (sand^JUlTcliy.)
•' metals (alkaline) iron and manganese. *
These are sihcalea.

Sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, silicon, ui.ited with the
bases of the alkaline ailicatcs, foim urets.

The sulphur, pliosphorun, carbon or silicon united to
oxygen, form ac<rf.>. Tliase acids united to the alkaline
silicates, form salt.

We wish to say to the common reader, that salts in
chemistry include many things beside rommnn salt.
For sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or si-
licic acid united to either pulash, soda, lime, magnesia

that never had life — cither animal or vegetable life.

Ill the f.iUflli chapter, he considers " the organic oon-
s/i«u(n(s o/m<V," or purls of decayed vegetable matter.
These organic parts are-composed of oxygen, h\ drogen,
carbon, and nitrogen. These are variously combined.
A variety of silicates and sall.i ore always found in
7;/an/s— Ihereforfi " a soil, (if such c»n be found,) con-
sisting chiefly of one silicate or' lone "salt, is always
barren." Yet, though potash, soda, lime and magnesia,
may nil be desirable to the plant, yet if nne of them —
lime for example — is wanting in the soil, the others may
supply its place. But this cannot bu carried so far as to
have any one element supply tlie place of all the others.
Geine is' used by Dr. Dana to " include all the decom-
posed orgaiiic matter of the soil." And this " geine, in

^

some form, is essential to agriculture. ' Generally, the I phales the least abundantly
gieaier part of geine is not soluble in water, and plants
cannot feed upon it; but alkalies render it more soluble,
and this is one of their beneficial actions upon the soil.
Chapter fourth contains a brief history of Geine.
The fifth chapter is upon the mutual action of the or-
ganic and inorganic clemcnls oj soil. Hero we have
new views The aulluir has iinderlaken.to explain how
lime, ashes, nitrate of potash, nitrate of soda, bones,
plaster and iill the coneentrated manures — he has under-
taken to explain Aow all these act, and show how such
small quantities may produce the extensive and lasting
results which aru often witnessed. He reduces all to
one general law of action.

Common salt (i. e. muriatic acid and soda) is taken as
an example. TUe living plant first separates the salt
into its two parls, soda and muriatic acid. Th« soda
then acts at once on i-einr, renders that soluble, and fits
it to feed the plant. But what becomes of the nitric
acid ? Tlie plant lakes up but little of tlial. What
docs this acid do ? It acts on the silicates of the soil —
it goes to the potash or soda, the lime or the magnesia,
the iron or the manganese, and taking out or setting
/rc« an alkali, it forlliwitli unites with that alkali, and
this forma a n«ic m'<- The plantwill separate this new \
salt — will take up its .'oda or its liine, or let it act first

old mort»
and lime of «
kinds

d, Nitrates — as nitrate of potasli, nitrate of soda,
all composts of either lime or alkali with ammut mail

3d, Phos|>hates — as bones, horn, bair, nails, hoofs i
claws, &.C.

Those that are poisonous when used too freely are —

1st, Sulphates — as plaster, copperas, glauber's sails.

2d, Muriates or Cholorides — as common salt, muria^ ^i
of hme, bittern, spent ley from soap-works.

This last class, the poisonous, must be used sparing^
Of common salt we would not venture upon the use 0 Ut
more th in 12 or 15 bushels per acre. The other clu Iv
loo, those which feed t)ie plants, should not be used il
iuch quantities as to over feed. One may use the car"
bonutes most freely — the nitrates next — and the|i|]Oi''

The next ch.ipter is upon " manures " — her* pure
dvng is made the standard by which the worth of
others is determined. Wc are furnished here with ai
yses of all the common dungs, (excepting hog dung)
also of the urine of different animals. Here we
learn the comparative value of the different manure!
common use.

Tlie next or 7ih chapter, is upon " artificial manu
and irrigation. It contains several simple directions
making composts, and assigns a reason why Tunniuf
water is sofavoiable in its action upon grass.

Tlie last chapter treats of the physical properties o:
soil as embraced under the terms cold, liot, wet and drj
land. In these the author finds the chief causes why
.some soils are quite fertile — others less so— and oihen
almost barren.

Wo have given this brief abstract of iha contents ol
the book, hoping to cause it to be read extensively. Our
slatcmenls are too brief tu convey much instruction. We
have not designed to make them a subatilule f
book but to cause the book itself to find its way to th
farmer's fire-side.

tht

lieie nrid united to either putasn, soua, imi\ mairnesia, ■ ...-,. ir - i

licic acio uiiiicu lo eiio p , , • * , I ond round, on and on, untiUhe acid Itself 18 consumed

iron or mniigancsB, forms o *o« — a s-ilt ol potash, a salt , . ,, , ...

. ,,. . ,> 1 1 11 r • by the 11 ant ; fot I lis will happen tu It in lime,

of soda, a sat of line, Ac. Pearlnshes u an alkali— vi- "J '" I ■' "

G. U. GARKETSON'S ADVERTISEMENT.

_^^ ^^^^ _ _^ ^ _ _ _ Among the adverlisemenis in our two last iiumbera,

„ IK ,00= »(> ■la .">.»- ■ i- ' , . I I was one of Mr Garrctson, Flushing, L. 1., who nurportl

upon gc.ne, and will lei the acid go back to work .gam ,^ ^^„ ^^^^ f^^,,, ^^^^^^^^^^ ,__,^ belonging to U illi.m
upon the silicates to get more alkali oul of them, and I p,|nco, Esq., and gives the impression that Jie sueceedi
make another new salt
the
once

as this sail is formed, | to ihe principal part of that establishment.

ulani separates it and sends the .cid back to work j Brock & Co. have a letter from Mr Prince, which asjurri

•^ , I . J .1 ■. „„ ,_„_ J us thai the impression given, i. erroneous. The sniril

. more upon the ..lieat, s-and thus t goes, round . ^_|.^,_^ ,^,^^^^ ,s severc-so severe that we cannot i,„. r, „

negar i. an acid : put them together, and a new iub-
stance is formed— a salt — which is neither alkaline nor
acid.

This second chapter cannot well be abridged. Far-
mers would do well to study it faithfully, for if once
mastered by them, they will not afterwards bo at a loss
to understand Ihe common chemical term, used in agri-
cultural papers.

The third cliapler treats ofthe " properlie. and chemi-
cal action of the elements of soil," irimed above — and
in this chapter, Dr Diiiia arrives at the conclusion " that
all soil, contain enough of lime, alkali and other inor-

Ifthe eX|ilanitiun of llio action of all these concentra-
ted manures, hcru offered by Dr. Dana, shall prove to
be correct, he will be entitled lo the praise of having
made a highly valuable discovery in agricultural science.
For he will have opened the w«y fur the deduction of
rules which may guide us safely in the application of
concentrated manures lo our fields.

We have no pretensions to chemical science, and
therclore are liable to place false estimates upon the rea-
sonings ot a chemist. But the view taken in this .Muck
I Manual, ofthe mode in which the salts act in the soil,
I is much more satisfactory than any other explanation

at length, We aie vi ry willing to say, that i;i Mr
I'rince'e opinion, Mr Gairetson is acting an ununriht
part — Mr P. meniions .Messrs. N. T. Dirvcnpori and D.
\V. Lincoln, of Worrester; Messis. Dyer & Monroe,
Nurserymen, of Providence, as men who can be referred
lo in proof " thai nothing but a sinnll plot cut up into
house lots, has passed out of Mr P.'s possession, and
that not one of the fruit trees was left on it."

(X;]r We would cull attention to iheealeof Foreal Tren
at auction on Saturday next. See adverti.oment.

The Premium List of the Plymouth Co. Agricultural
I-iociety, forwarded by the Secretary, has been received.

Our correspondent*' favor, .hall have early attentioa.

ijCOL. IX, so. 30.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

Sll

itin>.T..fii,.- n

TIIKK>U).\IKI KU Al,.

tKillnrthr Nrw Knilnnd Knrinri.

pifrni ilip Cnrilriiuf ilie propririorn
rmer. tlrixhiKn, Mjim. in ■> •ImilrU
liu uerk emiing Alarfli 27.

[»rtli, 1S42.

|ti,A.Kl.|12.M.

le.i'.M.

1 WiDrf.

loii.liv,

SI

25

40

39

N.

urs.l.iv.

23

33

36

34

E.

Hill -..lay,

33

31

38

35

N.

hiir-day,

34

16

4')

34

N. e.

id .IV,

33

31

36

34

E.

ilur.Uf,

SC

23

43

3»

w.

ind.iy,

37

34

60

49

w.

iUilirO.N MAIlKKT.—MoMiAt, March 28, IS-J-J.

KrixiilrillVirllip Nrw Eniilind K«tin^t.
Al .Mjirliet 220 Uool Civlllc, 20 pairs Working oxen,

Co\Tt and Calvea, 32o Slierp, ami r'20 .Swina.
I'uicts. — lieef Cattle We quoto to corre»pon<l with
week, viz : a few rlioire cattle taken .it $6. first
alitv, j.l f>0 a 5 ".'i. Si-cimd quality, .«|4 75 a 5 a.!.

i>r quality, $4 00 o 4 50.
Ilorking Oien.—~0, 7S, and $90.
Coif 5 and Calres. Sales |;20, 25, 28, and 29.
Skerp. — rHcea not made known.
Swine. —Lots to peddle 3 3-4 and 4 for sows, and 4 3-4

for barrows. .\ lot of largo barrows 4 1-2. A I re-
I, from 4 1-2 to G.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected uUh great care, lecekUj
iEEDS. Herds Grass, 8^ 62 lo 3 00 per hushel Red Top,
lo 30 cents. Clover — Northern, 11 to lac— Southern, 10
I c. Klax Seed, (t 60 to 1 85 hu. Lucerne, 3S c.per lb.
nary Seed, 33 JO a 4 00 per liush»l.

3RA1N. The talcs of corn, have been at a slight »d-
ic( ; yellow flat, to dealers. 63 a M, and white £7; and

the country trade 64 1-2 a 63, and while 58c per bushel.
;orn — Northern, busliel — lo du. Rmind Yellow —

do. Southern Flat Vrllow 63 :i 64— White do. 57 n 53

larley 80 a 1 00 — Rye, Northern, 75 a — — Oats, South-

45 a 47 — Norlhcru do. 48 lo 60— Beans, per bushel 75

60.

LOUR- Genesee from stores, at i6 3-4 a 6 7-8, and the
t Ohio, t6 1-3, and do, flat hoops, t6 5 8 per bbl; com-

I, t6 1-4 a 6 3-S do; sales Howard slreel, S6 13, on time.

tallimore, Howard Street. 4 mos. cr. S6 12 a — — do

tt, $5 87 a 6 00 do. free of garlic, S6 00 a 6 12— Phila-

ihia do. 4 mos. <6 00 a — — Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4

. 86 09 a — — Alexandria, wharf mounlain, — — a
— Georijetown, t6 13 a 6 23— Richmond Canal, S6 13 a
—do. City, »6 73— Petersburgh, City Mills, S6 25 a 6 37
Country 85 87 a 6 00— Genesee, common, cash, 86 62 a
-do fancy brands 86 S7 a — — Ohio via Canal,
60 a 6 62— Indian Aleal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 To.
IRO VISIONS. Sales by auclion comprise 350 bbls

item Claar Pork 8ll a 11 25 per bll : 120 do. do. 11 37

1 50 ; 100 do Mess 8 62 ; 206 do do, sold to day, 8 1-3 a
per bbl.

sel— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 00 a 9 30— Navy- 83 00 a
—No. 1, 87 25 a 7 50— do Prime 83 00 a 6 25— Pork—

ra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a — —do Clear 811 a —
Mess 88 75 a 9 00 — do Prime 86 7i a 7 09— do Mess
other Slates S 50 a 8 75.
?OOL. Some sales of fleece Wool hare been made at a

iderahle decline on previous quotations.

■imc or Saxony Fleeces, wasned, lb. 47 a 50 c.--Amer-
fuU l.lood,do 43 a 43— Do 3-4 do 38 a 40— Do. 1-2 do

1 35 — 1-4 and common do 20 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep,

bed, 30 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do
Saxonj, clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —

do picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37

—No. 1 do. do. do. 34 a 36— No. 2 do do do 24 a 26-
3 do dodo IS a 20.

AV, per ton, 813 lo 22- Eastern Screwed 813 lo —

HEESE -Shipping and 4 meal, 4 lo 6c.— New i toS.

GGS, 12 a 16.

FRUIT TRKES.

prime lot of large size Apple, Pear, and Plum Irees, for
by J. BRECK (St CO., No. 62 North Market a-
ch 30, 1842.

KARM IN L.E:XIKGT0N

or sale, a farm in Lexington known as the Hastings
re', containing about 120 acres, adjoining the Farm of
hinney. The land is of excellent quality, well slocked
L fruit irees, and a good supply ol young wood. For
IS apply at this office, or of E. PHINNEY, living near
jiremues. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1842.

L.IN'.\A:.\ IIOTAKK-tiAIIUKN A.\I> .Mt'ltMKIII KS

ri.l .<1I|V,!, 1,. 1. NKAB NKW YonK.
WM. PKINCF. & SON, huvr nr.Ml vvi
nst(iiii>hnK'nl an a'tvenisemenl prelcndi
to emaiiute from this establishmi'iil, siun
by WM. GARKLTSON. They deny u
ilisrlnim all right or luilhnrily thus lo use iIiim u:\m,- mil
ropiiliiiinn, nnd thus deny all cnniiertioii with him whiileviT
They iiilind !.|>eedily to publish in cxtenso, a siuu-iiicnt nl
the ;ifii(/iiir tnmnaclinns, by which a Inirijer, a bri4hrr in
litir o( Will. Prince, became possessed for the tiiiic being
(until the Court ol Chancery rectihes the cate,) of a plot ol
ground, whch had been arranged and mapped fur building
Inis, and lo which he now pretends lo atinm ihe title of this
Establishment, but Willi the lei-nl quibble ol' Anrtcrv, in-
sic. id of Nurseries. At this lime, we have only lo sity! that
five years ago, in consequence of iiumernus Kirecis being
nbiiut to bo laid out. we purchased a beautiful plot of !ibove
20 acres in the upper section of the Village, to uliicti ice
transferred Ihe entire eoUeetion of Fruit Trees.

This plot of new soil is now entirely covered with several
hundred thousand trees, the most vigorous we ever pnssesse.l,
Ics which we have all the other extensive grounds thai
belonged to the Estabtishnrnl, and in jironf of their
great extent, and the superiority of the trees, we refer to llie
great number of Nurserymen, and others who have visited
here the present spring, and perhaps IWr D. W. Lincoln,
proprietor of the extensive Nursery at VVorcester, who made
the largest purchases, will permit us lo refer to him, and of
Mr Davenport of Milton, and of Mr Rolierl Manning of Sa-
lem, we solicit Ihe same favor.

All orders will receive prompt and pointed personal alien-
lion and precision and accuracy are guaranteed.
March 30. 4w*

O.IKIIKN ANtI KIKI.U HKKIIK.

JOSEPH IIKKi'lv & CO. have reoiveil tbiir full auppiy
if (iarilen and Fnld Seeds, which ihrj warrant lobe pure
i.l fresh

l':iirly Cedu Nulli Pens,

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf ilo.

" Washington do.

" Frame ifo.
Blue Imperial ibi.
Marrowfat, tt.c.
White Aliringhnm Carrot
Long Orange do.

Early Horn lio.
Mangel Wurtzel Beet.
^^ngar do.
Long Red i\a.
Early Turnip do.
Ruta Baga.

Turnips in great varietx.
Early and Lata Ueana of
(orti.

FARM FOR SAI..K,

Situated in Groion, on Farmers' Row, so called, a jilcas-
nnl road, leading to the Academy, one mile from the village.
The farm contains 90 ecresof mowing, pasturing, and till.ige
land, and in a fiiir stale of cultivation ; also a young Or
chord of grafted friiil in a thriving condition. There is on
the premises a large two story H"use, well provided with
8 rooms on the ground floor, and a good cellar under the
whole; two barns one 00 feel by 30, and the other 36 by 26
with cellars under both : sheds and other outliuiblincs,
wells of never failing water. Any gentleman wishing to
purchase, will find this a very desirable situolion. For far-
ther inlormalion apply 10 J. BRECK & CO.. No. 51 and
52 North Mark^l si.,- Boslon, lo 'WM. EATON. Sea St., or
to the subscriber on the premises, JOSHUA BATON

Grolon, March 30, 1642. 3w

FAR.>I FOR SALE.

For sale a Farm in Lexington situated one mile west of
the Village, and 11 miles from Boslon, containing 175 acres,
including about 40 acres of wood land, the soil is rich, and
under a high state of cultivation. On the premises is a
large Dwelling House, which will conveniently acco.i.modatc
two families; a large I'.arn, Shed, Chaise House, Mill
House, Cider Mill and Ice House, and an extensive Piggery;
all of which are new, or in good repair. The Farm is sfoclt-
ed with every variety of Fruit, ancJ the Garden, wliicli' in
eludes about an acre, with a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering Plants, which the proprietor has devoted several
years in procuring, with great care and expense. Within
the garden is a Green House, 40 feet hy 16, with suitable
buildings adjacent to accommodate the Gardener. The
House IS heated upon the most approved plan, and is stock-
ed with a variety of the best Grapes, Flowering plants, fitc.

A valuable stock of improved Short Horn, Durham, North
Devon, and Alderney Cattle will be sold immediately after
the sale of the Farm. For further partiouJars inquire ol
ARAD PROCTER, on the premises,.or ol JAMES VILA,
Balh .Street, Boslon.

If not disposed of al privale sale it will be offered at
Auclion on Friday, 8th ol April at 3 o'clock P. M.

Feb. 16. eplAS

FOREST TREKS, dtc, AT AUCTION.
On Saturday, April2,al 10 o'clock, al office.

Will be sold a valuable invoice of Forest
Trees, (just imported per ship Tallyrand) con-
sisting ol 1 300 fine picked transplanted Scotch
larch, — 124 purple beech— 10 English oaks —
56 English Kims — Sdcciduous cyprus — 5 com
mon yews — 15 Chinese arbor viiae — 100 sycamores (orienia-
lis) — 175 weepingasli— 100 Spanish chcslnuts—60 Scotcji firs
— 95 weeping beech — 27 weeping willows — 4 salisburia
adiantifolia (jingo) — 50 sweet bays — 3 ruscus aculealus— 4
English ivies— 10 Sibenjn arbor vilse — 30 curled asli— 100
Wyth elms— 60 limes.

'I'hc above ures were selected and packed with great care,
by G. Cunningham & Son, Seedsmen, Liverpool, and have
been received in superior order, and believed to be in better
preservation ihan any previously imported. Persons inter-
ested in the cultivation ot forest trees, will have a rare op-
portunity of supplying themselves.

Catalogues will be ready lor delivery on Ihe 25th inst.,
and the trees may be seen the day before the sale.

WHITWELL, SEAVER, & CO.
March 23. eplApriU 75 Milk street, Boston.

rVMASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SO-
CIETV.

A stilled meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety, will be held at the Rooms of said SfHriely, ou Satur-
day, the second day of April next, at 1 1 o'clock, A. M., at
wtfich time, the officers elected on the first Salurdny of Oct.
Inst, will enter upon their respective duties, agreeably to Iha
provisions of the Cnoslilulion of said Society.

J'rcsid,nt—M. P Wiloeh.

Vice I^esidn:ls—a. V. French, C. Newhnll, Jona. Win-
ship, E. M. Richards.

yVea»urer— S. Walker.

Corretpondtng Secretary—}. C. Teschemacher.

Korordiniy Srcrctartj — Ebeu. Wight.

Professor 'of I^otany and Vegetable Physiology — John
Lewis Russ'en', A.M.

Professor of Rntomology—T. W. Harris, M. D.

Professor of Horticultural Chemistry — S. L. Dana, M. D.

STANDING COMMITTEEfl.

Committee on Fruits — B. V. French, Chairman, R. Man-
ning, P. B. Hovey, Jr., L. P. Grosvernor, W. Kenrick, J.
A. Kenrick, S Pond, O. Johnson, S. Walker, F. W. .M'Con-
dry, J. Breck.

Committee on Plou>»rs—C M. Hovey, ('liairman, D.
Haggerslon, J. Breck, S. Sweetscr, S. R. Johnson, W. E.
Carter, J. S icbney

CommiUce on V'es^elables—S. Pond, Chairmnn — P. B.
Hovey, Jr., Rufus Howe, John Hovey, A. D. Williams, J.

A. Kenrick, J. L. L. F. Warren.

Committee on the Lihrary—M. P. Wilder, Chairman, R.
T. Paine, C. K. DiUawav, C. M. Hovey, B. V. French, S.
Walker.

Conniittee on f^yriimymcs of Fruit— R. Mi-nning, Chair-
man, S. Downer, E. M. Richards, Wm. Kenrick.

Executive Committcc—M. P. Wilder, C/iuirmm, Wm.
Oliver, U. V. French, E. M. Richards, C. M. Hovey.

Committee on finance— E. Vose, CAairnian, Wm Oliver,

B. V. French.

March 23. 2p E. M. RICHARDS, Hee. See.

FRUIT, ORNAMENTAl. TREES. &.C.

KUBSKKV OF WILLliM KENBICK,

Of Piach, Pear, Plum and Cherry Tree*,
a collection unrivalled in any former year, for ex-
tensive numbers of fine trees, of nev; and finest
kmds. Large additions of new, valuable, or
hfauliful, are just received from Europe.
Gooseberries of first quality. Apples, Quinces. Grapa
Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Strawberries, &c. The new
abridged and de&trjptive Catalogue for 1843, will be sent to
all who apply. ,

Ornamenlal Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses —
of Tree Paionies, of Heibarcous Pjeonies, and oiher flower-
ing Plants — of double Dahlias. &c., Rhubarb of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in n)a|s and nio.*s lor safe transport to all distant
idaces by land or sea, and delivered in the city free of charge,
lor trnnsporlation hy the wagon which is sent tliither daily,
or orders may be left at the stand, at No. 44 Congress street,
Boslon. WILLIAM Kh.NRICK

Nonantum Hill, Newton.
March 9. £ptl2thJune

OAMBRIDUEPORT AURSERY.

SAMUEL POxND, Nurseryman, Columhis
street, Cambridgeport, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assortment of FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, R O O T S , and V I N E S,
among iliem are the best varieties ol Apple,
Cherry, Peach. Apricot, Grapevines, Asparagus,
b, I'car stocks, Apple do.. Plum do. , Currants, Goose-
Raspberries, &c. Trees of an extra size always on
March 23.

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a regular ap-
prenticeship in Europe, and has had seven years' experience
in this country. The best of reference given. - Address J.
D. at this ofllce. March 9.

312

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MARCH 30. IfHH.

.';i I S C E L L A N E 0 U S .

Tht personal appearance and strength of JVash-
ington. — S\ liile Colnnel VVaehiiigton was on a visit
to New York in 1771, it uas boasted at the table
of tlie Britiih Governor that a regiment just land-
ed from Knijlanil contained among its offiirers some
of the fini-'St specimens of martial elegance in his
Majesty'rt service, in fact the most superb looking
fellows ever landed upon the shore of the new
world I wnger your Rxccllency a pair of gloves,
said Mrs. Morris, an American lady, that I will
show a liner man in the procession to-morrow than
your E.xctl'ency can select from your famous regi-
ment. Done, Madame, replied the Governor. The
morrow ciiine, the 4tli of June, and the procession
in honor of llie birthday of the king advanced
through Broadway to the strains of military music.
As the troops defiled before the Governor he point-
ed out to the Jady several officers by name, claim-
ing her admiration for their superior persons and
brilliant c<|uipments. In the rear of the troops
came a band of officers not on duty, of colonial
officers, and strangers of distinction. Immedlalely
on their approach, the attention of the Governor
was seen to be directed towards a martial figure,
that marched with a grave and measured Iread, ap-
parently Midifl^erent to the scenes around him. The
lady now archly observed, I perceive that your Ex-
cellency's eyes arc turned lo the right object ; what
say you to your wager, now .Sir.' Lost, Madam,
replied the gallant Governor. When I laid my
wager, I was not aware that Colonel Washington
was in Now Vork. — Curlis's Reminiscences.

Saw-dust pills are said to be an excellent reme-
dy for the dyspepsia, if taken in a woodshed and
digested over a wood-liorse.

" I am in a grale scrape," as the nutmeg agoniz-
ingly exclaimed to the grater.

A Snake Story. — The following is a part of a
letter received from White Hall, Morgan county,
Illinois, by the Editor of the Illinoian:

The following account may be relied on as true,
and you are ai liberty to publish it if yon think
proper. Having been engaged in building a uew
brick shop, I had occasion to go to Seminary creek,
about half a mile from this place to quarry the rock
for my foundation. On the third day of our labor,
Mr Bernard said he discovered a great many small
holes tl'.roiigh the crevices of liie rocks, wliich
seemed to be very smooth, and he supposed there
must be a great many minks in the back of the
rock, if we could but get at them. These holes
continued visible for several days, when all at
once the mystery was solved, for we broke into the
cavern in the cliff which was literally full of snakes
of all sorts and sizes known in this climate. We
cleared away the rocks and dirt, and such b mass
of live snakes has never been seen at one time as
here presented. We then commenced killing and
counting, until we liad taken out the enormous sum
of one ihoui^and seven hundred snakes out of one
opening in the rocks. This may seem to you to
partake some little of the marvellous, though it can
be Bubsianliated by many respectable gentlemen
who have visited the scene since, and any person
calling on me can have an opportunity of seeing
them any time during the winter, or until they Bhall
have become rotten and invisible.

Yours, &.C. W I LLI A M CA RR.

Eels have been skinned ever since the days of
Noah— and printers have been cheated of their
dues ever since the Chinese engraved on blocks
of wood ; yet, singular to say, the eels have not
got used to the skinning, nor printers to the/tectng'.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iniprovemonis have Leon maiie the past year in the
form and workmanship o( these I'lonohs ; the niunlrt hi aril
has hecn so formed as lo lay t'le Jurroio rompiclcly orer
turning in every particle of grass or sluhble, and leaving the
ground in the best possible manner. The leiiglli of ihc
mould hcarii has h( n very much increasett, so that the
I'lou£;ti works wiih Ihe greatest ease, hoth wiih respect lo
the holdina; and the team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Woreester, say,

" Should our opinion he asked as to which of the Ploughs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we miaht perhaps saj to
the inquirer, if your land is mnsily light iin.i easy to work,
try Prouty St, Mears, hut if your lav.di^ hravij, litrd orrocLy,
BEGIN WITH Ma. Howard's.''

At llie uhove mcr.t-.oned trial the Howard Pl^ngh did
more work, iril/i the same pnwer of team, than any oilier
plough exhibilcd. No oilier turned more than twentyse.'cn
and one half inches, to the 112 Ihs. draught, while Ihe
Honcard Plovf^h turned tircntynine and one half inches, lo
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most suhstantially
made.

There has l^een quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side o( this Plough, which can he renewed without
having lo furnish a new Inndsidc: this shoe likewise seciiies
the mould hoard and landside together, and slrengihens (he
Plough very much.

The price o( the Ploughs is from SG to 81,5. A Plough,
sufficient for breaking up with frmr cattle, will cost ahiiiii
SlO 50, and with cutter 91, with wheel and cutter, $2 CO
extra.

The ahove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural VVarehotise and Seed Store,
Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, hv

JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

APP1.B: PARKKS.

JuM received at the New England Agricultural W
house, No 61 and 62 North Mackel Street," a good suppi
Stanley's Superior Apple Parers, a very uselul articlf. V
one ol iIrs? muchinesa hushel of apples may he parf, T
a very short time in the best possible manner, and with g ,
saviui; of ihe apple, as the outsides may be taken nflal
required thickness. The above is also lor sale at N P. '
WILLIS', No. 45 North Market Street, SL'UDDER 04 H
DlS&.CO.,and HOSMER& TAPPAN, Milk street

Sept. I 6w JOSEPH BRECK & C(

fIjOwesr sf:e:ds.

JOSEPH HRRCK & CO., Nos. 61 and 62 North Mar-
ket street, offer for sale their usual variety of Flower Seeds,
comprising all that are desirable for cullivalion.

BoAtoD, March 9tli, 1842.

SEEDS FOR HOT BBDS.

The subscribers offer for sale a great variety of Vegeln-
hie Seeds desirahle for llw Hot bed, as follows,
Nonpnriel Calibago. I Early Cauliflower.

Early Hope do. •' Broccoli, of sorts.

Early Synot's Cucumber. | Celery, superior sorts.
Eiue Long Green do. I Sweet Marjoram.

Kig Plant. I

For sale hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New Eng-
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 62 North Market
Street, Boston. March 9.

ADMIMSTRATOR'S SALES

At 1 o'clock, P. M. on MONDAY, March, 28lh, 1842, will
be sold at puldic Auction, a good Farm situated in Dover,
Mass. about 15 miles from Boston, containing about 60 ocrcs
of good land, having a young Orchard of Fruit Treei, viz :
Apples, Plums, Quinces and Currants, with about ten acres
of Woodland with a House, Barn and good water, and
Wood shed, and other out bvilriings built about 10 years
since.

The ahove Farm will lie told at a reasonable price, by or
dcr ol an administrator to settle Ihe estate.

For further particulars inquire of LELAND MANN, near
the premises, or JOSEPH CALLENDER, No. 3 Water si.,
Boston. Mnrch 9.

J FOR SALE,

A few pain of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from 2 to 4
mouths ol.l. E. PHINNEY.

LcxiDgioD, Feb. f .

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 1 0,u00 feel Chains, suili
for Fences or other purjioses. For sale hy J. BREC*
CO., No. h2 North Market st. April J|

III

AGRICVLTITRAL IMPLEMENTS, Ac

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Wi
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 52 North MarLet sii
would iiilbrm their customers and the puhlic tteneially i
they have on hand the most extensive assorlrnenl of a4hI
culluial and Horiicuitural Tools to lie found m the Um
States. Part of which are the following :

100 doz. Cast Steel Shon

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs.
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators.
100 Greene's Straw Cutters.
60 Willis' do. do.
lou Common do. do.
luo Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
50 Common do do.
2u0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
50 " Vegetable Cutlers
60 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
inn Ox Yokes.
150U Doz- Scythe Stones.
30(10 ' Austin's Rifles.
Slarch 17.

CoHimon

Spades.

Gross Scythes.

Patent Snaiths

Common do.

Hay Rakes.

Garden do.

l^lanure Forks.

Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chaios.
100 " Truck do.
100 Dralt do.
500 Tic up do.
50 doz. Halter do.
000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on roll

GREEN'S PATi;NT SPRAW CIJTTKB.

JOSEPH BRECK it- CO. at Ihe New England Ague
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 andP2Norihll
l<et Street, have for sale. Green's Patent Straw, Hay a
S;alk Cutter, operating on a mechanical princi|ile not btfi
applied toasy implement fortius purpose. The most pro
inent effects of this applicatinu, and some of the cunscqui
peculiarities of the machine are :

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power roquis
to use it, that the rtrength of a half grown boy is sunici«
lo work it efficiently.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily culstnobiu
els a minule, which is full twice as fasi as has been ilaii»
hy any other machine even when worked by horse ur itr>
power.

3. The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in which iK
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any oik
straw cjlter.

4. The machine is.siinple in its construction, made and*
together very strongly. It is therefore not so lialic us ll
complicated machines in general use lu gel nut nl order.

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Shehlon &. Moore's, Sun Pinlt
very neat and useful article for the purpose of givini; i l.e tiiti
of day in the garden or field. Price ; 6 cents. Fnrsnl^f
J. BKECK 4r CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept I.

NEW E N (J L A N I) F A R M K 11 .

A WKKKLY PAPFR.

Terms, $2 per year in advance, or^'i 50 ifnoipid
within thirty days.

N. B. — Poslmasliirs arc perniitled by law to frank •:
•iibscriplions and remiltancei for newspupvrs, willioi
expense to subscribers.

TI/TTLB 4HD OINKKTT, PKINTERS.

AND H O U T I (• U L T U R A L It E G I S T E K .

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK & CO.. NO. sa NOftTH MARKET STREET, (AoaicoLTOB*i Wamiioo.i.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EOITOR.

>I>. XX.]

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, .VPKIL (i, 1842.

N. E. FARMER.

For ihe New England r«rmar. *

fRESHIRE STOCK FOR NEW ENGLAND

SOIL AND CLI.MATE.

MrPit.nam — Dear Sir — I observed an iriiclo

late niimljer of the Huston Cullivnlor, over the

naiiiro of " C," purporting to be a reply to my

miinication, publialiej in tliu N. E. Farmer of

11*, beaded " Ayrsbire Slock." The writer

ina to have been quite uneasy at tlio procrasli-

lon of the editor, and "hopes he will not con-

Dr him an intermedler, for taking a brief notice

he subject, which perhaps may nut be altugeth-

inintcrestinff to the public." He says — "My

id IS to set this subject fairly before the pub-

that my brother farmers may not be misled by

ggcrated accounts of new things."' I give him

it credit fur his pmftsseil motive : we shall see

nd bye how far he lias put it into practice ; so,

awing his example, I shall state my object fur

ing tlie article to which he refers. I thought

the edilur, by asserting that they, viz : the

ihires, were "neither common nor sought,"

nded to unilcr-value the breed ; and as the puir

ts could na speak for themselves, I thought

, being raised in that part of the country most

3d for the race, 1 would just say a word or twa

leir behalf. I also caught an idea fromastate-

t which he made, viz : tliat having " proved very

•allent on the short pastures of Scotland," it

Id also prove a very excellent breed fur New

land, where tlie pastures arc generally short;

however much his objection (even if true) viz:

d where removed to richer pastures it has run

it, and has not sustained the high dairy charac-

I has in Scotland," — however much this objec-

niight militate against it in Old England, it

Id not be likely to do so here at present, as the

ures must be greatly improved before the far-

cao ^run any risk of injury from the cause

b he mentions. But in my opinion, it is rather

■odthnnabad quality — for as there are but

paratively few Grahamites amongst us, we re-

8 beef as well as milk, and the easier and

per it can be produced, the belter; biil if he

a difTerent opinion, he is welcome toil: and

have already st»lcd in my former artii-le, the

(iy for this real or supposed evil, is easy, viz:

H viore stuck — as by sucli means, the richest

ires can be reduced to any standard.

ow, having stated my object in writing my

article, if the subject is " of some little inipor-

D," I shall proceed to discuss what I consider

iiosl important part of it first, viz: are the Ayr.

s a desirable breed for New England.'

ut at the outset let lis try and find out what

eriies and qualities such a breed would reriiiire.

I think that (or ihi.s climate and soil, il would

ire to be hjrdy and ea.sily kept ; and as re-

3 profit, il would require to produce a large

tity of milk, butter, and cheese, all of the best

ity, and at the least possible expense ; and as

pleasure, (fur wc like to have our percep-

tive as well as our acquisilivo organs gratified,) it milk that is scarcely cre.liblo— from ten U. eighteen
should be of a handsome form and color, with a vu- Scutch pints in the day"— or from 'M to :ifl quarts ■
riety of the latter, as the eyo becomes tired of (a Scotch pint is two qnart.i.f And on page 318
sameness. But before we proceed farther, let us when speaking on the same subject, he says--.!
lind out if wo can, what the proper shape and marks " These cheeses obtoin the general I'mmc of 'Diin-
of a dairy cow are. | lop cheese, probably from their havin" been fin-t

Low, in his Elements of Agriculture, informs us made in that parish of the county. They are fa-
on page .551, that " A d.iiry cow, like a fatting ani- mous over all the country, and when mode in the
nial, should have a skin soft ond mellow to the best manner, are only, if at all, inferior totlic Oloii-
touch,— should have the back straight, the loins cester; and Loudon, in the above quoted page of
broad, the extremities small ond delicate; she his work says, "The annuel produce of butter
should rather have the fore quarters light, and the from these cows is oscerlained to be about half
hind quarters relatively broad, capacious and deep, their own weight (meaning the four quarters) in a
and she should have a large, well-furmed udder." , year ; but this requires the pnsturti, to be good, and

Now let us try if we can find such marks as the cows o<Aeru)ijf loe// kept the whok season' ortr.
these in the Ayrshires. Mr Harley, in his work The produce of such a cow, s„ )tf;,/, will equal 242
on the dairy, stales the following amongst others ; pounds. Imperial weight per annum, of butler, and
of the "most approved shape and marks of Ayr- j double that quantilv of cheese. The medium pro-
shires, viz: skin loose, thin, and soft like a glove; duce in butter from Ayrshire milk, is one pound
back straight ; hind quarters large and broad ; legs ; from five imperial quarts." We are informed by
small and short ; shoulders and fore quarters light , the same author, thai " the weight of an Ayrshire
and Ihin ; udder square, but a little oblong, stretch- cow is from 20 to 40 stone"— or from 4t^0 to DfiO
ing forward, thin skinned and capacious, but not; lbs. Me also states on page 1025, after naming
low hung." Loudon, in his Encyclopsedia of Agri- j the kind of cows kept by t°he London dairyists,
culture, informs us on page 1017, that " lameness that for "private dairies, the varietv bred in Ayr-
and docility of temper greatly enhances the value ! shire have the lUcided preference, as giving rich
of a milch cow, as she will always give more milk miik, and a largo proportion of butter, an°d the
and is easier managed than those that are of a lur- ! cheese made from the milk of this breed known at
buleiit disposition ;" and on the same page ho says, Dunlap, is decidedly celebrated." He farther

" the bulls are generally good tempered, and like
the cows, arc mild in the countenance ;" and Mr
Colmaii, in his Fourth Report, says that Mr Brooks
informed him that they were very gentle, and [

states on page JOI", that the " Ayrshire breed, ac-
cording to Aitnn, is Ihe most improved breed of
cattle to hi; found in the island — not only fur the
dairy, in which lliey have no parallel, under similar

have hoard them gel the same character in different | soil, climate, and relative rircumstancos, but also
paru of the country, from people in whose posses- j in feeding for the shambles. They are in facta
sion they were ; and as regards color, Loudon in- | breed of cowa that have by crossing, coupling.

forms us in the page already quoted, that Ihey are
"generally brown of many hues, from dark to yel-
low, intermixed and mottled in many a varied form
and proportion, with white. Some few have a
black ground without any change in character, but
almost none are of one color only : in a whole hir-
sel of forty or fifty, there will not be two of them
alike ill color ; in tiiis respect e.xhibiting a diversi-
ty not unlike a lied of tulips, and of as many hues

and shades, in an endless variety and beauty."

Now, if we have ascertained that they have the
principal characteristics of a dairy cow, let us next
examine how far ihey verify these in their results.
And to show "C." how much I have repented of
my former statement, the first witness I shall call
on the stand is Mr Aiton, to repeat his former testi-
mony, viz : that he •' set down 24 quarts of milk
per day as a reasonable estimate of the average
produce of each of the 2000 cows kept in the city
of Glasgow, they being generally of the improved
Ayrshire breed, and highly kept."

I shall now quote from No. 31, of the Farmer's
Magazine, published in Edinburgh. 'J'he writer,
when speaking of the .Ayrshire dairies, states on
page :jlU as follows : — By means o{ plenlyof green
cut clover, eat in iho house Ihroiigh the day in sum-
mer, w hiic they are, or ought to be, turned to the

/eedin/o- (inrf</-?f(;)Hfn<, been improved and brought
loastatouf perfection, which fits them abnve°all
others yet known, to answer almo.'it in every diver-
sity of situation where grain and grasses can be
raised to feed them for the purposes of the dairy
or fatting them for beef."

"C." informs us, (quoting from Youatt,) thnl
" some of them have been tried in the London dai-
ries. As mere milkers, they could not compete
with the long established metropolitan dairy cow.
the Short-Horn. They yieMeO as much milk in
proportion to their size andWojd, but not in propor-
tion to the r<!om they occup.ed and Ihe increased
trouble which they give from being more numerous,
in order to supply the requisite quantity of milk."
Loudon, on page 1028 of his work already quoted,
informs us that "the Messrs. Rhodes, who kept a
dairy at Islington, and who are said to have had at
one lime upwards of a thousand cows in their dif-
ferent establishments, tried the Ayrsihire breed to
the number of 150 at a lime, ond highly approved
of them 08 affording a very rich cream — as fatting
in a very short time when they have left off giving
milk, and as producing a beef which sold miicA
higher than that of the Short Horns. The difficulty
however n/jiroruiing this breed teas found so great,
that Mr Rhodes was obliged to leave it off"." it

field during the cool of the night, and by means of i would therofore appear Irom this statement, that
turnips during winter, the cows give a quantity of i they were not only " sought," but that the Messrs.

3J4 NEW E N G L A x\ D FARMER

RhodcsT^vhTkept tlie largest dairy in London, and I idler than that from my otI.Pr cow. Tlic trial

APRIIi 6, 1841

wlioso experience extended to about lliirty years,
and who therefore ought to know the merits of a
cow as well as Youatt, the editor of the Cultivator,
or his correspondent " C," were willing tn put up
with "the increased trouble which they g:ivc," if
they hail only been able to procure them. And on
page 10'25 of the same work, it is said, that " A
cow in Ayrshire thai does not milk well, »vill foon

as made with great care, and the correctness of
the result may bo rnlied on. The Ayrshire cow
has be%Mi ke|)t with my oilier stock, and fared no
better than the rest; still she appears in better
thrift than any of my other cows, and endures the
cold of winter quite as well, upon the whole. From
the little experience \ have had, I cannot doubt
that the Ayrshire, for its dairy properties, is greatly

I have never seen superior to the Diirhams for this part of our coun-

be brought to the hammer.

cows any where that* under the same imrte of feed-
■irif; and titntment, would yield so much milk as the
dairy breed of that district. Ten Scotch pints per
day, (20 quarts.) is no way uncoinmnn : several
cows yield for a.une time 12 pints, ami sonic 13
or 14 pints per day." Mr Harley.as I have stated
iu my former article, says that he "had one cow
that gave 40 quarts per day : had a number of very
fine cows which produced from 25 to 30 quarts per
day." Low states, on the page of his work al-
ready icfericd to, that " By long attention to the
characters that indicate a disposition to yield milk, to have been stall-fed."

try. ■ And Mr Randall stated at the agricultural
meeting held at the State House, Huston, in March,
1841, that "He judges the Ayrshires second to
none as dairy slock. 'I'his breed do well on short
food, will thrive where the Durhams will dwindle.
They are mart tasily kepi than oiir native stock,
and with the same keep, will get more milk and
more flesh from the Jiyrsliirts than from the natives.
Feeds his stock mostly upon straw and 1 1-2 peck
of roots per day to each animal. The bull thus
kept, was thought by many, from his fine condition,

the breed of Ayrshire has become greatly more es- For further American testimony in favor of the
teemed for ll.e dairy than other animals much su- Ayrshires, I will refer to a iiuinbcr of the Yankee
perior to them in size and fattening qualities." And i Farmer, published, I think, betwern the latter part
Mr Colman, in his Second Report, page 54, says | of September and middle of November, 1840, where

the "dairy stock in England which seems to have
the preference over all others, is the Jjijrshires."
He also says in his Fourth Report, that "they are
reputed to yield largo quantities of milk, and pro-
duce large amounts of cheese and butter, besides
keeping themselves in good condition and being
easily made ready for the butcher." And as i
have formerly staled, Mr Ilarley gives the same
testimony, and the reasons he gives for tht-ir fatten-
ing so easily, are the same as those given on page
21 of the Zoological Survey of this State, viz : " the
food that produced the large supply of milk, is con

amongst others, if 1 recollect right, is to be found
the names of Mr Webster and Mr Cliy. And the
last, though not the worst witness I shall bring
forward at present is, Mr Rankine, as quoted by
"C." and endorsed by the editor of the Cultivator.
He says : " It is on the inferior soils and moist cli-
mate of Ayrshire and the west of Scotland, that
their superiority as milkers is most remarkable. On
their natural food, of poor quality, they give milk
abundantly and long, and often within a few days
of calving." Hence follows the objection I have
already stated, viz : their ninniuir to fat on rich

verted into fat and flesh." Mr Colman also states! pasture. I had almost forgot another witness, viz:
that tlicre is good reason to think thciii a /larrfiVr the editor of the Cultivator himself, who says.

The Ayrshire cow of Mr Randall, is the only coi
of the breed which has began in this State to sus-

race of animals than the Durhams. He goes on to
state, that " from some of the gentlemen to whose
care the Society's animals were committed, I have
been unable to obtain aa full information as is de-
sirable. Mr Wcbatei's forethan, in his absence,
informed me that the co.v were quite superior as a

milker." Mr Brooks says — " My cows give about i So I wish " Swinly" great success, and
the same quantity each. My Ayrshires do not, / she continue to sustain it. One such

us the most ;)er cu;)i(em. If it costs three times
much to raise and keep an improved Short Horn
our climate and on oor soil, as one of the nati
breed, although it gives twice the butter and chec
and twice the beef, it may be a poor stock for uc|

Now it will be observed that in all the evidei
we liave brought forward, wherever large quail
ties of milk, butter and cheese are spoken of, if
also distinctly stated, that the cows were hit;},
kept, or the data is founded on such a supji
It seems they do not believe that rich pasti
jurcs iheir " high dairy character ;" and it
be strange if they did, when they see the I
every day exerting his means and skill to i
most extent in the improvement of his pi
which in the dairy parts of Ayrshire, and u:
Scotland, so far as I know, with a few exci i
are the fields they use for other crops in n i
they take only one crop of hay before paslurii
down tlie field. And 1 should think by the 81
ment of Mr Phinney, viz : that his cow was gri
on old dry pasture, and had but a short bite
grass, while trying the experiment, and that si
was fed the same as his other cows, and that of B
Randall, that his cow was fed on a short pasUyi
that they supposed their cows would have product
more nn rich pasture ; and I also think, from
gentle rebuke given them by the Commissioi
viz: that they are not at "all suspected, from
pearanccs, of subjecting themselves to the same
nance," that he understood them so.

I thought that the quotation I made from Harl
viz : that for about twenty years, whole coloi
of the improved breed had been carried to oi
ciuinty of Scotland, and to many counties of B
land, would have convinced him that they 4
both common and sought: but it appears not-J
without even making an attempt to rebut the sU
ment, he informs us that " we have never seen (
reason to alter our account of the Ayrshire 8t6M <
except in one respect — as to their size. We
resented them as being as large as the De(M

tain the statement in the N. E. Farmer." It is no | wlien we should have said smnlkr." I know Ml

think, give more than 13 or 14 quarts at best, and
the milk no richer than others with the same feed.
It is, however, a valuable race in our State, as do-
ing lit// in our common pastures, and not running; to
fat like some. They are very gentle." Mr Phin-
ney, in a recent letter, thus writes : "I have ghcn
the Ayrshire stock a pretty fair trial, considering
my limited means, — enough howev«r to satisfy me
of their valuable dairy properties, and of their ca-
pacity for enduring the cold winters and short
Veep of the northerly part of the country. In the
.month of June, J840, I selected from twenty cows
any beat jp»tive cow, for the purpose of making a
trial with my Ayrshire cow, as to the quantity of
buttor each ivoJJd make. My old pastures, for I
had then done little to improve them, afforded but
a very short bite of grass. These two cows ran
with my other stock, and had no other food than
what they could get in these dry pastures. The
quantity of milk from the .Ayrshire wag not greater
than that from my native cow; but the Ayrshire
mado nine and three quarter pounds in a week,
while the nalivo cow, in the same lime, made but
eight and a half pounds. Besides, the qunlity ol
{tho butter from (h^ Ayrshire cow was decidedly

mall comfort to a person, when he gets the lie di-
rect from such high authority, to have one evidence
in their favor which it is admitted tells the truth.

may
will
bear a greater proportion to the number of Ayr-
shires in this State, than the 2000 cows being gen-

sonietimes difficult for persons to see a reason I
altering what they have said, if the alteration bei
against themselves, even when they intend to gi'
a " fair and candid" statement. Was it their lar(
size that was the reason (for he gives none,) of th(
less adaptcdness to the light lands of Knglani
then what is his opinion now when he has foul

erally of that breed spoken of Mr Alton, will bear j out that they are imn//er? I should think it Wl
to those of Scotland. If the editor and his friend i be vice versa, but probably he had some other r*

"C." would think of this, it would probably assist
their belief But they might then perhaps see a
"reason to alter" their opinion about the Durhams,
which perhaps for n certain other reason, would not
answer well at present

Now I think wc have shown that I ho Ayrshire
has all the marks of a dairy cow, as defined by
Low and Loudon, and the large amount of milk,
buttor and cheese which they produce, verifies
these marks. And if we have been right iu our
supposition as to what breed would be mo.-it desi-
rable for New Kngland, I think we have also shown
that they have all tlie characteristics of such a
breed.

Can the editor of the Cultivator or any of his
correspondents, bring forward as good evidence of
a more suitable breed, and ono that will give us
better and cheaper milk, buttor, cheese and beef?
For, as a writer in (he Albany Cultivator well re-
marks, it is " what stock or stocks will give us
these things cheapest, and not what 8to<:k will give

son with which he did not wish to burden our mea
ory. In an editorial article published in Ins ptpi
of date November (ith, 1841, when highly recos
mending a cross with the Durhams, as the bei
stock tor this country, he makes the followini; staU
ment, viz: " In the large milk establishments aboi
London and Liverpool, they will have none but Ik
Durham cows, or a cross with them, for the rcaiO
that from a given quantity of keep, they obtai
more milk and beef." Will he bo so kind as to ill
form us in which of the London and Liverpool dt
rios this is the case, where the Ayrshires have hii
a fair trial. We have already shown that it is ne
the case in Mr Rhodes' dairy, which, if I inislall
not, is the largest in London. But as he protect
to guard his brother farmers against "cxaggcraW
accounts" he certainly had good reasons for mil
ing the assertion. As it now stands it is ratJ*
loose for my faith, but I shall be satisfied with
good evidence in its favor as that of Aitoo. A
admitting the fact, it is no proof that tliey aro^

Viil.. XV. XO. 40.

AND If 0 R T ( C U L T U ii A L REGIS T E R

315

8t «:.>rk for Nlmv Kiigland, ts the kind of fcoj
eil .:i lliL- two places is very liifferent.
In '.!u' same article ho makes the rnllowlng stutp-
(nt about the Ayrsliires, viz : "Tlioy are a •mall
otluli stock, and on iho danio kcpp, smaller than
r native stock." Tlio inference to be drawn
im this slutoincnt is. th.it they do not thrive well
iho same kci'|). How does such doctrine agrco
h the statements of .Messrs. Phinnoy, Randall,
Brooks, or any other person who has tried the
>eriment ? or even with his own slntoincnt, viz. :
they " have proved excellent on the short pas-
s of Scotland" ? t leave hirn to answer the
Btion, and if he gives a ''fair and candid" one,
will see a good " reason to alter" one more ac-
nt which he has given of the Ayrsliires.
Jut to return to our former article. He »«ys,
r Vouatt, on poor soils, gives the preference to
r forefathers the Iliglilamlers, their neighbors
Gallowoys, and considers them considerably
nJ their Short-horn sizes." As I am not cer-
that I fully underi-tand this statement, I shall
it over at present, by asking a few (juestions.
t, uliat line of demarcation does he draw be-
en " inferior soil" and '• poor soil" .' Secondly,
I proof can be give that the Highlanders were
forefathers of the Ayr.shircs ? Thirdly, for
t does he give them the preference — the dairy
he shambles ? And fourthly, in what respect
he " consider the Galloways, on poor soils,
^iderably behind tlieir Short-horn sizes"?
[e farther states, " I do not believe that ony
of cows will average 24 quarts of milk eacli
day, and as the writer l)y quoting Mr Alton to
fact, has made this extravagant statement his
I infer he must have labored under some ex-
dinary bias, for I have been credibly informed,
neither the animals imported by the Massa-
ells Society, or Mr Cushing, have produced an
gc of two thirds of this quantity, and we have
reason to presume that both of these impor-
us were some of the best specimens of the
d." Now (here is such a " large economy of
" in part of this statement, that I cannot pass
•er without notice. It does not look well for a
)n whose professed object is to correct the ex-
rated statements of others, to violate the ninth
nandmeot himself; for I caimot insult hisjudg-
. so far as to suppose he did not know Ihc dif-
ice between what he has tried to make Mr Ai-
>ay, and what he (Mr Alton) really did say.
person that cannot perceive the difference be-
n the two statements, must have a very obtuse
indeed. But after all, how dues he know
there is not a race of cows that will average
uorls each per day .' Is he so well informed
t all the existing races of cows, as to be eer-
ie is right ? We have already shown him
be knows much less about one of the races
he supposed he did ; and wc shall show him
ir proof of the fact presently.
5 informs us that the cut of the Ayrshire cow
las figured so much of late in the columns of
'ultivator, "is to be found in all the standard
5 treating of neat cattle, both in this country
urope." He certainly professes a very large
linlance with such works: I cannot make such
But little as I am acquainted with Ihc^e
5, 1 can point him to two at least, where such
is not to be found, viz: Ilarley'g and Lou-
; and if he is not satisfied with their illustra-
of the Ayrshire cow, I will refer him to the
bloods themselves. But wherever he has got

his cut, I would advise him to correct ill errors, if! in the cities of Scotland, the cows ineh*'"""'' ''''

it is not too Ulc, lest somo person, followiii){ Ins
example, give it u name, viz: Atrrriiini's ^li/rshirc
People who live in glass-houses, should not throw
'stones. I say, too, "let every animal and breed
! stand on its own bottom and pictures." If the
Ayrshircs had as much knowledge of law as some
people have, they would sue him, if not for defamu-
lion of character, certainly for uiisrepreseiilation of
outline.

" C." farther slates, "I regarded your account
(the editor of the Cultivator's,) of this stock, fair
and candid — placing the subject before the public
without exaggeration, while it corresponds with
the views of the most authentic writers which I
have read on Iho subject." However this may be,
we think we have shown him that it does not cor-
respond with authentic writers whose "confidence"
hns been "brought in question" as seldom as You-
att's, and who had a much better opportunity of
judging the facts of the case. Alton kept a large
dairy in Ayrshire, and of course knew the qualities
of the breed fro:ii expericnco. And, as we have
already slated, Mr Harley kept a dairy in Glasgow,
and was therefore likely to know whether Alton's
statement was fact or fiction ; and as ho lived
amongst, and wrote for, the instruction of the peo-
ple who kept the cows which ho speaks of, it is
highly probable that his account would have been
" brought in <)uestion" if they had considered it ex-
aggerated. And as somo of the quotations we
have made from Loudon, are credited to Aiton, it

litieM

»ted.

f\l-

Mr .\iton, were aelecled for their dairy t, "
ntili/, and after theso qualities hid bcm well t
When feed is high priced, h cow cannot be pro
ubly kept 111 the city of Edinliiirgh, which cives le«>
than lli quarts of milk per day; and 1 suppose tho
case is much tho sumo in (ilasguw.

'i'he iiiformalion " C." received about Mr Brooks'
cow, is probably not more credible in any sense of
the word, than that given by .Mr Brooks himself, as
already quoted — which, to make the most of it, is
u mere giuss. But admitting th it both his pre-
suniplion about, and his account of, tlieise two im-
portations is true, it does not therefore follow, that
Mr Alton's account is "exaggerated," except he
can prove that their keep and treatment have been
cijually good, " As the nature of the grass or other
vegetables has a very considerable influence both
on the quality and on the quantity of milk which
cows produce. Instances have occurred where six
milch kine fed on some pastures, have yieldeei ns
much milk as nine, or even a iloztn will afford on
an inferior ground." The above quotation is taken
from page 'M of the Complete Grazior. There
must certainly be a great difference in the amount
of milk produced from n cow fed in the manner
quoted above from the Farmer's Magazine, with
the addition of grains, which is the coiiinion way
of feeding in cities and large towns in .Sccjtlaud,
and one fed in tho way that Mr Phinncy says his
Ayrshire cow was.

If " C." cannot " believe" any or all of the above

would appear that Ac believed him, and both of (perhaps to him) "exaggerated accounts of ne»r

these giMitlemen are as credible evidence as You
att, whom the editor of the Cultivator and his cor-
respondent have adopted as their infallible guide.
The former gentleman travelled through the best
dairy countries on the continent, for information on
llie subject, and assisted in establishing some of
the London and Kdinh«rgh dairies. He has given
his name to the public, and is responsible for what
he has said. And are the statements of such a
man to be " brought in question" by a person who
has not dared to give his name ? He must certain-
ly have a low opinion of the minds he addresses.

What " good reason" has he "to presume" that
the cows imported by the Massachusetts Society
and Mr Cushing, were some of the " best specimens
of the breed".' If he will turn to the first column
in page 28(i, vol. lUth of the N. E. Farmer, he will
see a different opinion expressed by a gentleman
who is a mucii better judge of Ayrsliires than he
("(/.") appears to be; and whose opinion, as there
expressed,"/ have never heard brought in ques-
tion." But, independent of this opinion, " we have
good reas(m" for a different presumption, so far as
regards their dairy character. For, as they were
chiefly intended to propagate the race, " we have
good reason to presume" they were selected for
their fine symmetry, (rather than their dairy charac-
icr,) which is no sure sign of a great milker, but
the reverse, as such an animal has a greater ten-
dency to run to fat, than one of a coarser make.
And if I mistake not, some of these animals were
imported before their milking qualities were known,
not then having had their first calf; and if I air)
correct in this last opinion, (but as I only speak'
from memory, I will not be positive,) I think that
il is neiiher " fair nor candid" to hold ihcin up be-
fore the public as tho best specimens of the breed
for milkers.

While on the other liand, "we have good rea-
son to presume" that from the high price of keep

things," I hope for his own credit he will rebut
them by stronger proof and better logic than ho
iias yet produced; and that he will not pervert
their mcariing, and than go learnedly to work and
knock down his own man of straw, ns he has done
in his :ast article.

Believe me, dear sir, yours respectfully,

ALEXANDER BICKETT.
Lowell, Mass., March 'ZMh, 1842.

^^j" Personally, we have no disposition to enter
tnto tonlrovcrsy with the editor of the Boston Cul-
tivator or his correspondents. We shull not do it.
Hut the reasons which determine our course with
the editorial pen, do not exclude the insertion of
articles by others, who are ready to give their
names. Our correspondent's article is a good ar-
gument in defence of his own positions, and gives
interesting information as to what the Ayrshires
can be made to do under favorable circumstnncea.
It 18 longer than we wish communications to be —
but we could not well abridge il without doing
harm to the defence.

We have no such acquaintance with the Ayr-
shires as authorizes us to hold a decided 0|iiiiion as
to Iheir merits ; but the animals we have seen of
that breed, are pleasing to the eye, excepting m
one particular : the teats are too small ; — it iiiudt
be inconvenient getting the milk from them. Thai
they are hardier than the Durham, and better suit-
ed to New England pastures and winters, arc natu-
rally inferred from their size and form, and from
the climate which has produced them. — En. .

Envy. — Envy ought, in strict truth, to have iiu
place whatever allowed it in the heart of man, —
lor the goods of this present world are so vile and
low, ihut they arc beneath it ; and those of tho fu-
ture world are so vast and exalted, that they arc
above it. — Lacon.

SIG

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL n, 18 48.

SUHf=CRIPTION TO THE AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY OF THE U. S.

Patent Okficf, >
tl'ashinglon, March Xilh, 184'i )
To the Eiliior oflhe New Enslaiid Farmer :

Sir— The Natiomil A^'ricullural Society rcfiuest
an insertion of Uie following notice.
Refpeclfully yours,

H. L. ELLSWORTH.

TO POSTMASTERS.
The Hoard of Control of the Agricultnrul Socie-
ty of the United States, request that tlio several
Postmasters make returns to the Treasurer of tlio
Society, (as requested by the circular,) before the
first of May, of all subscriptions by them oblainet..
Kililors are requested to insert llie above in their
respective papers, for the benefit of agriculturists
and planters.

[By reference to the N. E. Farmer of Jan. 5lh,
it will be seen that any person may become a mem-
ber by paying two dollars, and one dollar annually
allci wards. Any one may become a life member
by paying ten dollars. Any Agricultural Society
may becJme auxiliary by paying ten dollars.

Edward Dyer, of Washington, D. C, is Treasu-
rer.]

the potato and «heat cr.p; the effect of it is par- writer in the Journal of the Roya, Agricultt
licularly evident on the wheat, for however sickly Society of England. He says that

it looks in the spring, its color and the vigor of iu
growth is changed in a few days after it has been
applied." p. 4"J1. Whatever may be thought of
the limited and special applicability of soot, yet
where it dots suit, and is proved by continuoiJS
facta to be eminently useful, even when applied in

quantity so small as twenlyfive bushels to the acre, . jou iu=.. — ". =

in such places it is, to all available intents and pur- i game chemical ingredients as the guano, and
poses, the very compound itself which comprises ^omc cheaper. Possibly some one curious in si
the essentials of the vaunted, mystified, prepara- ' waiters, may try an experiment. The 530
tion of carbon, that now bores the imagination, would be as much as they apply to two acres
Soot is the purest carbonized product of mineral i Engliuid. The cost here would bo probably—

• ■. _ __.■__ _:i.. 1 ....l..! ;i;-f.i/l raQtnnna mnt__ .. — i _i. _. 1A „•.. 4:9 fl

315 lbs. or 7 bushels of bone dust,
100 lbs. o( sulphate of ammonia,

5 lbs. of pearlash,
100 lbs. of common salt,

10 lbs. of dry sulphate of soda,

530 lbs. — will make a mixture containing

IllU.'

jSiiii

'-Fi
Sill
1st
IVi

lull

coal i it contains oily and volatilized resinous mat
ters, and above all, a fixed neutral salt of ammonia,
which is perfectly soluble in watery menstrua, but
retentive of its ammonia till a more powerful alkali
displace it; then, as by mixture with liine, potass
or soda, the volatile ammonia is liberated, and re-
vealed by its pungent odor. Without asserting
what may or may not be the components of any
nostrum, we unhesitatingly offer a strong opinion
of the eiEcacy of soot— nn efficacy not to be rival

Bono, 7 bush, at 40 cts.,
Sulphate of ammonia, 100 lbs.
Pearlash, 5 Ihs.
Common salt, 100 lbs.
Sulphate of soda, 10 lbs.

—Ed. N. E. F.

$2 8(

13 0(

3(

7!

3«^

$17 i.r

of the efficacy of soot— nn efficacy not to be rival- pj^QTECTION OF CORN AGAINST CRO\

ed or surpassed by any known preparation whose .^

chief component is free carbon
don) Express

-Mark-lane (Lon-

SOOT AS A MANURE.
Improvements in agriculture, scientific and me
chanical, are and will bo the staunchesl props of
the landed and farming interests ; it is with regret,
therefore, that we ever observe a want of candor
among those who ought to act as brethren. Much
has been said lately of a new and highly fertilizing
manure— one which will enable land to sustain
and bring to the highest condition successive crops
of the same plant. Hut why does any s<:crct at-
tach to discoveries of such deep import ? Why
are a few vague hints dropped, which tend only to
mistify, and excite conjecture in the minds of
thousands.' Is individual profit to be the final re- i
suit.' We are told that the basis- 'is carbon or |
some carbonized substance ; but the same thing
uiigbt be said of starch, sugar, malt-dust, or any
other vegetable product. While wo arc thus left
in the dark, and, with Macbeth, must be content
■with the ([ucstion, " Can such things be .-" it is con-
solatory to refer to the evidence of facts, such as
are detailed in that estimable article by John Mor-
ton, Esq., in No. XLl. of the Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society of England, vol. I. part iv.,
giving an account of the mode of cultivation adopt-
ed on°Stinclicoiiibo Farm, by Mr Dimmery. Here-
in wo perceive a simple three-course rotation prac-
ticed for more than twentyfive years, with increase
rather than du iHiution of produce, and wherein
one of the chief .oitilizers is con! soot. " The gen-
eral price is (id. jicr bushel, the quantity used on
the farm is upwards of 3000 bushels a year, one
half of which is applied to the jiolalo, and the other
to the tcheat crop." A large llock of sheep gives
"toil-dress," preparatory to turnips, which follow
the wheat, and intervene between it and the pota-

GUANO, THE PERUVIAN MANURE.

The rocky coast and inlets that exist in the des
ert district between Peru and Chili, are the great
resort of millions of sea-birds, gulls, &c., and their
manure which has been accumulating for ages,
now forms masses of great thickness, and which is
constantly increasing. As these birds feed princi-
pally on lish, and other marine matters, the ^iiano,
as the manure of these deposits is called, contains
large quantities of phosphates of lime, ammonia,
and other products of animal matter, and as it rare-
ly rains on this coast, the masses have not under-
gone the bleaching or draining they would have
done in other places. Thus constituted, this sub-
stance is one of the most active of manures; and
has for a long time been used by the Peruvians in
the culture of corn. A writer in a foreign journal
says, in parsing on horseback along the coast, he
frequently saw the natives driving an ass or two
into the interior, with a package of this guano on
each side, and when asked how they used it, they
said they put a pinch of it in each hill of corn at
the lime of planting. A number of ship loads of
this native pouilrcftc have been carried to England

Mr O. M. Whipple, of Lowell, Mass., says in
statement to the Agriculluial Commissioner
Massachusetts, that lor 15 years he has preser
his corn from the depredations of crows,-by sow
on his field a quart of corn soaked in a strong
lution of saltpetre. We can believe this, as
[crow which might have eaten half a dozen gr;
of corn well saturated with saltpetre, would
Ion"- enough to beiiueath his estate to his inter
ing°progeny, though a scrivener were at ham
the tiuie of his making his meal, to draw his '
Saltpetre judiciously used, possesses medicinal
tues, but when taken in excess, is destructiv
life, and hence the protection it affords to e
corn soaked in a solution of it, against worroi
well as crows.

The best scare-croics we have ever used, v
bright sheets of tin suspended from poles by w

Ihe poles of sufficient height, and in suffic

numbers to be seen all over the field. Fou
six, if judiciously placed, will effectually ans
for a field <if .lO acres. Our mode of fixing t
was this : we cut a pole of sufficient hei
trimmed off all the limbs but the upper one
the end of this limb we attached, by a strong fi
ble wire, a sheet of tin, and planted the pole
provided, firmly in the ground, on the dest
spot. The limb left at the lop, should project I

tins native pouurtiic nave oeen carricu lo i.ni^mi.u, | ^^^^^ y|,p ,|„,|, ^^f^ ^^ i,,^ ,(,p^ snouia project
where it commands a high price as a fertilizer, and | ^^^j^Hy far enough to allow full play to th
present indications denote that the importation of | ^i^^^ ^mj^j^^jjiig giighicst breeze gives ino

portat
the article will hereafter bo extensive.

The English farmer understands his true inte-
rests, when he extends his expenses for manures.
From the U. States he collects ashes, bones, &c. ;
from the Mediterranean crude nitre, soda, &c., and

to the tin, and consequently causes a refiectio
sudden as to eflectually frighten off crowi, or o
birds addicted to picking up the corn. Tl
years successful ose of such scare-crows, justifj

— I in recommending them to our brethren. — .Imen

now he has oi>ennd the mines of guano, o" I''* If'amitr.

shores of the far Pacific, all of which are used for |

fertilizing the soil, while the same substances, not

less needed where procured, are mostly neglected.

— Jlmericon Farmer

O'Guano has of late been used in England as

The following is from the Mark-lano Expree

Sib — In your paper of the 14th inst, a cor

pondent inquires the best method of eradicai

the wheat, and intervene between it and the pota- O-Guano has of late been used in bng anil as y^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ meadows. I beg to state
toes. 'It is not the present object to enter into any a manure, audits efiects have been wonilerlul y ; information, that a sprinkling of wood-a«
.. .1 1 ._:i _r .!._ •:... .It... .....,,,.... !.,,» ,,inrolv .Trxnt i n nroinni i PIT vpirctatlon. But as the article .. , _._„„ f,

toes. It IS i'OL IIIU pilSW^ni. v/..j^.\.w t.yj ,,1.^... ,..v" J - -, - - - 11

further detail of the particular routine, but merely great in promoting vegetation. But as the ""'^^'"^ ■;;i',,'"g;igrn;inale mosses "and co^arsc grass fi

to make use of the preceding quotation as a pre- probably will never be much used in this country-, ^^^^^j^^^g

lude to the question of soot as a manure. " We it is hardly a.'.visable for us to fill our pages with ^

have not," says Mr Morton, "been able to obtain extended extracts, in which its ctVects are dcscrib-

from Mr Dimmery any idea of how soot nets in cd. Our objee.t in noticing the article, is to copy

producing such effects, as it evidently docs both on 1 a recipe for making an artificial guano, given by a

Your obedient servant,
A liar is not believed when he speaks the tr

vol.. \\. KO. «0.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

317

Kroin Dr. Dao«'t Muck Manual,

RECIPES FOR COMPOSTS.
A Sitbstitutt J'or Soiipboilers' S/ient Lty Take

•• Fino dry snufTy pent.

Salt,

Astios,

Wiilor,

50 lb(.
1-2 bushel.
1

100 (lallona.

,Mi\ llic ashes and pest well togollicr, sprinkling;

^ til nator to moisten a liltio : let tho heap lay f'xr

reck. Dissolve the salt m the naler, in a hu;;3-

id, and add ti> the brine, ihn mi.Ytiiru of peat and

les, stirring well tho while. Lei it be stirred

a^iionslly for a week, and it will be tit for use.

. >ply it as spent ley, grounds and all. Both ashes

> 1 salts may be doubled and trebled, with advan-

, ;e, if convenient The mixture or ley must be

I id before it begins to putrefy : thi.s occurs m

ee or four weeks. It then evolves sulphuretted

T Jrogcn gas, or the smell of gas of rotten eggs :

s arises from llie decomposition of thesulphates

the water and ashes, by the vegetable matter.

portion of the geinc is thus deposited from the

ution."

Salt, Lime and Peal. — Take 1 busliel of salt— 1
k of lime. Slack the lime with the brine made
dissolving the salt in water sufficient to make a
T paste with the lime, which will be not quite
Relent to dissolve all the salt Mix all the ma-
als then well together, and let them remain to-
.her ill a heap for JO days, and then be well mix-
wiili three cords of peal ; shovel well over for
)Ut t! weeks, and it will be fit for use. Here,
n, are produced 3 cords of manure, for about tho
t of $2 10 per cord.

Salt, $0,60

Lime, 1,20

Peat, 4,50

3}$6,30(|2,10
From experiments made in a small way, it is be-
«ed that this will be found an effectual manure:
: author suggests it, in the hope that it may lead
cautious experiment"

Peal, Sal .Jmmoniac and Lime. — " Tliere is still
)lher form in which this artificial manure may
prepared — that is by the addition of ammonia,
real Simon Pure of cow dung. Take

3 cords of peat,
61 lbs, sal ammoniac,

]-t cask, or about 61 lbs. lime.
Slack the lime, dissolve the sal ammoniac, and
t the peat well with the solution through every
•t 'J'hen shovel over, mixing in the lime accu-
ely. We have here then, 3 cords of manure, at
irice as follows :

3 cords peat, $4,50

61 lbs. sal ammoniac, at 1*., 10,17
61 lbs. lime, 0,27

3)ifl4,94($4,98
It will be observed that three cords are used in
!3e calculations, because the quantity of salts
;d are equivalent to tlie ammonia in a cord of
ng, and that is supposed to be composted with two
rds of loam, or meadow mud. Whellier the esti-
ites are correct, each one will determine by the
luc he may place on his peat and manure, and
n apply his own estimate. When a cord of 9ta-
3 or barn-yard manure is usually estimated worth

$1, the price of n cord of clear pure cow dung will
not be thought high at $17. In fact, it probably,
when mixed with the usual proportion of litter, |
straw, stalkd, and tho usuni loss by waste of its '
value, would become worth only about $5. Iltit |
these questions do not affect tho principle — that j
iVdiii alkali and p^'at, as cheap a manure inny be !
pioparnd, ond 08 good, us from stable dung; for
let that bo called - - - $5,00 — then adding I
2 cords of peat, - . - 3,00 I

3).$8,00

$2,60 per cord." I

.liiimnl ^falter and Peat. — " There are other
sources of alkali, for converting peat into soluhle
matter. Of these the chief is animal matter. —
Here we have ammonia produced. It has been
actually proved by experiment, that n dead horse
can convert 20 tons (or cubic yards) of peat into
a valuable niainire, richer ond more Listing tlinn
stable dung; — 'a barrel of olewives is equal to n
wagon load of peat." The next great and prolific
source of ammonia is the urine. The urine of one
cow for a winter, mixed up as it is daily collected,
with peat, is suflicient to manure 1-2 an acre of
land with 20 loads of manure of the best quality,
while her solid evacuations and litter, for the same
period, afforded only 17 loads, whose value was
only about one half that of the former."

From the .same.

MANURES— BONES, SOOT, &.c.
Bones. — " Bones consist of variable proportions
of cartilage, bone-earth, and carbonate of lime.
The bone-earth may be estimated at one iiaif the
weight It is a peculiar phosphate of lime, con-
taining 8 parts of lime to 3 of phosphoric acid. A
great part of the value of bone as manure, depends
on its cartilage. The animal part of bones be.og
one third of their weight, the ammonia is equal to
8 to 10 times that of cow dung, while, if we regard
the salts only, 100 lbs. of bone-dust contain nearly
6G times as much as an equal weight of cow dung.
Such statements, while they express the chemical
facts, are almost, if not quite, supported by the tes-
timony of those who have, in practical agriculture,
applied these concentrated animal manures. It is
a common opinion that bones from the soapboiler
have lost a portion of their animal matter. It is
erroneous. Boiling, except under high pressure,
extracts very little of the gelatine, and not all the
fat and marrow. Heads and shoulder-blades, and
the smaller bones, still contain, after boiling, 3 1-2
per cent of fat and tallow. If the phosphate of
lime of such bones is dissolved out by acid, the
animal portion remains, with all the form and bulk
of the bone. Bones which are offered in the mar-
ket, are quite as rich in the elements above stated,
ae are unboiled bones. The phosphate of lime is
rendered quite soluble by its combination with gel-
atine and albumen."

Soot. — " Among the most powerful of manures
in the class composed of geiiie and salts, is soot.
There is no one substance so rich In both. Its
composition allies it to animal solids, and is as fol-
lows :

Geine, 30.70

Nitrogen, 20.

Salts of lime, mostly chalk, 25.31

Bone dust, 1.50

SaltA of potash and S'idn, ami ammonia, 6.14
Carbon, 8.H5

Water, 12..50

100.

On tho principles adopted for determining the
value of manure, the salts in 100 Ibn. of sunt, are
equal to 1 ton of cow dung. Its nitr<igeii gives in
a value, compared with cow dung, as 40 to 1.

Soot forms a capital liquid manure, for the flor-
iculturist Mixed with water, in the proportion of
I! quarts of soot to 1 hogshead, it has been found
to be a most eflicacious liquid, with which to
water green-house plants ; and being not only a
comcat-ablc, hut a comely preparation, it may re-
commend itself to the cultivators of flowers, by
these lady-like qualities."

Urine of the Cow "The quantity of liquid ma-
nure produced by one cow annually, is erpial to
fertilizing 114 acres of ground, producing effects
as durable as do the solid evacuations. A cord of
loam, saturated with urine, is equal to a cord of
the best rotted dung. If tho liquid and tlio solid
evcuations including the litter, are kept separate,
and soaking up the liquid by loam, it has been
found they will manure land, in proportion by bulk
of 7 liquid to 6 solid, while their actual value is
as 2 to 1.

" 100 lbs. of cow's urine afford 35 lbs. of the
most powerful salts which have ever been used by
farmers. The simple statement then, in figures,
of difference in value of tho solid and liquid eva-
cuations of a cow, should impress upon all the
importance of saving the last in preference to the
first Let both be saved. If the liquids contain-
ed naturally, geine, they might be applied alone.
It is the want of that guiding principle which
teaches that salts %ni geine should go hand in
hand, which has sometimes led to results in tho
application of the liquor, which have given this
substance a bad name."

Woollen rugs. — " Woollen rags and (locks be-
come powerful manure. They aflord ammonia,
and 100 lbs. containing 17 of nitrogen, should be
nearly 34 times stronger than 100 lbs. of fresh
cow dung. Connected with flocks and wool, there
is a very valuable product, rich in all the elements
of manure, which is often lost or not used for ag-
ricultural purposes, namely, the sweat, or natural
soap of wool. Fresh clipped wool loses from 35
to 45 per cent of its weight by washing. This is
due to a peculiar matter exuded from the wool,
and which consists chiefly of potash, lime, and
magnesia, united to a peculiar animal oil, forming
an imperfect soap. It is remarkable that this soap
of lime, in all other cases insoluble, is here solu-
ble in water. The experience of the best French
agriculturists, is full of testimony to the good
eflects of this wool sweat It has been calculated
that the washings from the wool, annually consum-
ed in France, are equal to manuring 370,C00 acres
of land."

Men are born with two eyes, but with one tongue
in order that they should see twice as much astliey
say ; but from the conduct of many, one would
suppose that they were born with two tongues and
one eye ; for those talk the in ist, who have observ-
ed the least, and obtrude their remarks upon every
thing, who have seen into nothing. — Lacon.

The truth of tlie above is as apparent now as
ever.

318

NEW i::NGLAND FARMER,

A.\n HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

BosTOK, Wkdmkidat, April C, 1842.

value:— •' II has been aclimlly proved liy experiment,
i ihal a dend liorae can cnnveri twenty ton« ol peat into

APRIL 0, 1848. |joi„s

BOYS, SPAKE THE BIRDS ON FAST UAY^ftASS;

Tom irrow is designated by the Governor as a day

FRKSII DUG MUCR.
To the Editor of the New EiiRland Fanner :

I have seen in a laic number of your instructive pa-
per, some remarks on making conipost of peat muck,
&.C in wliicli you say— (I quote from memory— not
your words- but llio idea coi.vejed to my mind by
ihem)- that such muck taken fioin llie swainp tins spring
would he unfit for use the present season. This I con-
sider an error, and ona calculated to prevent your rt nd-
ers from availing themselves of this great resource for
fertilizing llu'ir lands, so soon by one year as they other-
wise might do.

From three years' experience on iny farm, Mr il. L.
Gould is decidedly of (be opinion tirat the compost
made with muck tiken directly from the iWamp, well
mixed with ashes, barn manure, &c , and used Ibrih-
witli, labe'ler ihan ihal composed of the same muck dug

a valuable manure, richer and more lasting than stable L^.^^ ._^ ^^^^ Commonwcaldi. We have grieved L
dung •• How much, then, is a dead horso worth ? | ^^^^^ ^.^.^ ^^ j,^^ destruction of buds by hoys— some o
More, certainly, than half a dozen live ones are o""'*" [ u.en, of large growth— on this day which should b. ds

voted to religious purpolics. These birds are among lb

farmtr'.- friends, feeding upon ibe worms and inseel .^

Yours, Ac

ANDREW NICHOLS. 1^^

Danvers, MarcMl, IS4\. that would dcslnpy his crops and fruits. Let them livi

We did iidvise farmers not lo use the muck fresh from \ to cheer the country by their plumage and songs— wA ^
,3 wet bed; and we still think ii a course that general- to bless by their destruction of grubs and flies. »W4C,

andhar^

ly would result in disappoiniment, unless the quantity of right have you to take the life of the innocent

alk:iline mailer miiced with it fIiouIJ bo so great as to ;«».' What may be sport to you, is death In the bil^l

il)>iill

M\y

But we have no doubt that Where is your heart— or what is your heart when it

nmlici. - - J I . - ,

Dr Nichols is entirely correct in his facts and in his derive pleasure from such murder ? When the gun^
practice. The muck he used, if taken where he usually ^ Uid out in deadly aim, iliiiik whelher you would like L-^^
procures it, is very light and loose; is i>ot more than a | have the trigger pulled if you rcere at lite oilier end— ai"^
foot or foot and a half in depth, lies upon a fine white then do as you would be done by. ■

sand, will fiei-ze nearly to the sanil in most winters pro-
bably, or if not, is kepi from freezing by movinj> spring
waters, which will prevent the accumulation of acids in
ihe muck ; this is very different from the muck whicli is
mop; compact, which lies in dieper beds, and in slng-
nant wuler. The object of our correspondent Is very

the preceding auiumn ;— thai by laying in heaps during laudable and his advice is good, excepting that he b

drawn an inference from muck, which is not aciil when
Ur Nichols' science

hi:

uch weight. Ours is less valuable, but though it dif- | ^^^i, ,^ j|,g hini worth regarding .' If you sow gi

seed with the grain, sow thick. Wo doubt wheth

ihe winter, exposed lo the leaching of rains, evapora-
tion, &c., it loses something of its fertilizing qualities, — 1 j^g^ jn favor of muck genetally.
that as an offset for this, ihe only ailvantages of digging I „„j practical knowledge, both entitle
the muck ill the fall, is the loosening of its texturo by
frost so lliat it more readily crumbles and mixes wiih
the other urlides, and the usually drier condition of the
swamps, and the greater hiisure of the farmer in autumn
than in the spring.

In the prcsenl depressed stale of manufactures, thou-
sands ofartisiina might, and ought, to cultivate an acre
or more of land, which ihey might easiljr procure, and I p^'^.i^^^jj ^p g„yl„g ,l,g, a t^ of muck, as the term is

SOWING SPRING GRAIW

■ "We have been obliged to defer our thoughts upoi
this subject, to make room for oihor mailers this week
But let the land be as well pulverized as po.ssible — wor]
the seed well in, whether by plow, harrow cr cnllivilor
and if the soil be not too rocky nor too moisi, roll dom
ibo land. Some one has recommended sowing a i '
lure of oats, barley, rye and wheat, saying that such
pinion to j (jjp^ iijg practice, and Ihal usually one of them will

fers widely from his wo do not like lo withhold it
from Dr Dana's book relating lo I
horse upon muck, was taken i
lance from "Young's Letters of Agricola ;" we cop

The exiracl from Dr Dana's book relating lo the ac- j^gtoin of laying down to grass with the grain crop
lion of Ihe dead horse upon muck, was taken in sub- „ii| b^ )(,ng continued, if a few future seasons shall |

i bad for it as the two last have been. Your land

icd il into our pdgea last summer, from Dr Jackson s ^^^ (,g p|„^ygj gf,^.r (|,g grain crop is off, and si cdeii
Agricultunil Survey of R. I. We allude lo it for llie j ^q„„ ^„ August.

doubtless would do so, did they know how or where to L^^^ j„ g^glj^l, books upon husbandry, is about one

cubic yard. The 20 tons will be a lillle less then five
I abundance ^^j^ j,f jga cubic feet each. Five cords of fresh dug

obtain manure

There are thousands of farmers who ha'

WINTER BUTTER.
We had the pleasure of seeing and lasting, on Sitttp

I Here fire iiniuauinio VI la. tiitta ¥. it« .."■ .. «..«.. W....X-.. COrus OX izo cuuu leei eucM. i- ivc uwiuo wt »icB.. UU6 J I. J c ti c rft4.r<.,i\....»

,. , , 1 I ■ "-"■"=■"' '*"' ^ . , day, some new iu«er, from the farm of Mr Uco. Uenav

of unimproved lanil, who might this year, while labor 13 ,, „in goon shrink to three cords, thus explained , ,.,, , ,, .„ u

' , . . . 1 ' -..;.! of Wrslbnro . wliinli wns of (riinil cfiliir nnd flavor, shoir.

cheap, double the produce of their farms, and perina- .,„j r^.duccdy«he elaiemcnt becomes credible and valua-
n»ntly improve ihein besides, cculd they be induced to
believe thai Iheir swamp muck mixed with llieir barn
manure woulil treble its quantity without lessening iis
value per cord — that Ihe same muck iniicil wilh ashes
or a solution of potash— soda, (20 lbs. to the cord,)—
common sail and lime, in the proportion of one bushel
of salt to a cask of lime, or other alkalies in like proper
lion, Ihey can make a compound al the cost of nol more
than $2 r<U per cord, which shall equal in value the
same quanlily of horse or cow dung, when used.alonc.
In agriculluic, as in religious culture, nuio is .Iha ac-
cepted lime. Let farmers be urged not to lose a year, —
but noic — this spring — go lo ihe swamps for, manure ; —
buy the ranner's Muck Manual, and put in pracliee
forthwith so much of tho doctrines therein taught, as
they can iindersland — and my word for it, ihey will nev-
er repent so doing.

One word nioie on Dr. Dana's book. There are in it,
il is true, many things which farmers geiirrully will not
readily understand ; but there is nulhing which by
dtudy they may not understand, and which when under-
stood, will not well ri'p,-iy them fur the Hiudy necessary
lo the understanding of it I hesitate not lo say that
Dr. D. has done much more lhan any ollur individual,
living or dead, towards elevating ngrinulture to a sci-
ence ; and thai no farmer who prizes as he ought, his
own interests and happiness, should rest mitisficd till ho
he has undvisl:indiiigly read and digested the contents
of this book. Take the following extract as a sample of
the many — very many facts new to most farmers, who
throw awny as worthless many thinfia which for the pur-
pose of making arlilicial manures possess a high inlrinaio

PREMIUM ON CORN CROP— BARRE GA-
ZETTE.

Last week en article from the Barre Gazette in rela-
tion lo the premium on corn by the .Massachusetls So-
ciciy, for the promotion of Agricullure, (bund its way
into our columns, without being accompanied by an ex-
planation whicli should have been given. The premium
was awarded to Francis Dodge, of Danvers, wliose crop
by weight, near the end of Nov , was 98 bushels — and
by measiiramciit three weeks before was 10? bushel
per ac

thai town raised 115 bushels per acre, and sent his slate
ment to the Society in season to come in as a coinpeli
tor. At whit time the statement came to the Secie

of Wcstboro*, whicli was of good color and flavor, sho'
ing that good butler can be made without grass. W«
had no opporninily lo inquire how the cows are fed.

^[yWe are indubled lo friends for a copy of Mr Noll's
Address before the N. Y. Agricultural Society ; for a
copy of Mr Chowlef' Address before the American in-
Btitule; for one of the Premium Lists of Ihe Rhnilc I»
land Agricultural Society; and for Mr Wm. Knintk's
Abiidged Catalogue of Trees.

ANOTHER SHIPMENT OF BONES.
" Can such things be," Si-c. — Al one of our wharva
last week, there was a vessel belonging lo Hull, (Eog.J
The Bario Gazette says that a Air Ayers, of i.ping loaded wilh bones lo fertilize the fields of tha

English farmers. What an opinion Ihe British .igr -iil.
turists must hold of" Yankee shrewdness" and 3ii(..uilj
Our informant was told by one of the oflicers ol llie
tary's otlice, we do not know — bul having been permit- ship, that many persons in the large towns of En^ioii
ted lo Sue llio Btatemenl, we observe that it makes no ■ obtained a living solely by gntiiorin;; bones daily at pri-
mention of the way in which the corn was measured, vale and public hoii.ses, and selling them lo the firiners.
neither does tho certificate show nny thing as to the Com- ^ He said il was n general practico with the •leu.,rd<ar
nelency of llie persons measuring the land, lo take ox- vessels belonging to Ihe district he came from, to sarr

t measuremcnl. fjhould Mr Avers prove saliafactori
ly to the committoo that he raised 115 bushels of corn

all tho bones tluil accrue on liuaid, fur a like ]>urpof
We trust the lime is nut far distant when our fHriner>

on an acre, we have no doubt thai a premium will yet perceiving aright their true jnlen^si in respect lo ilia
bo given to him. The editor of ihe Bane Gazette, has, mailer of bone as manuro, will bid as high fur the ailicle,
we understand, been informed by Mr Guild, the Secie- ^ and b« as desirous lo get ii, us iheir brolher cullivalon

y valued al liouia.

lary, how il happened that tho statement of Mr .\yers
failed lo meet the eyes of the Commilloe, and we hope
ho will publish ihe letler. If we undirsland ihe mailer,
that paper was accidentally folded in another and escap-
ed notice.

iiciuss the water, and when il is
il wilt cease lo be shipped abroad.

[U*Inquiries relative to sowing corn for fodder,
will be aiiawered in our next.

\'OI,. XX. .\o. «0.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

310

r-M ASSACIll'SKTTS IIORTItM I.TIKAL SO

CIETY.
Kt t altled Maeling of iho Socialy, luld on the aoc-

A|>ril riirront, it wai
^|>f''.^ I'lini tliu tlnink" of (lie Society bo preMiiled to
•c ("liasi', r.j<| , of Cape-Town, Cnps of Uooil Hope,
lii.i \nlii.ililf doniUion of vine ciitlingn.
'oltd, 'I'lml the thanka of the i^ociely bn prMcnUd to
II. J C Long, U. S. Navy, for hia attenlioo io Ih*
leiwiiiun iiiut tranamittal ol ihauid culiiugt,
Uj'>iirn>'(l to April UUh, Inst.

EBEN. WIGHT, Rec. Sec.

THKR.MO.MKTKICAL.
KniiurlcUlutlliF New liiitlanil rarniei.
inge •>( the rherinoiiieter nl (h« (•aritenof the proprietors
«• iVew England Farmer, Itrighlon, M.tfs. in a ahadtil
the.'ly expoaure, for the week ending April 3.

5i i<i-i2r

wished, 40 n 2.-. - Do Hnwa-<l,i-,|. lo n 11 lleiijfiiM d.i
* a 10— Sa<on) , clenn, — ItuenoH Avrra unpicked, 7 a Id -
.lo. do picked, I'J a IC— SiiperGav N'orihirii pulled laiiili ;i7
a 4i>— No. I do. do. do. 31 u 3ii— No. i do <lo do 21 o 2C-
No. 3 do do do IB aao.

HUl'S. I'his arliole ia ni^in dull of aale at 10 cla. fur
lirsl sorl.

1st sort, Mass. IKJI )>erlblUa 2.1 do do do B.

HAY. prr Inn. (lA to 22- Kastern Screwed il8 to —

CIIKESE—Shipping and I meal, 4 lo «c. — New 6 to8.

Ellli.S, 12 a 18.

I 6,A.»I. I 12, M. I 6,P.M. I \Vin<t.

s.Uv.

In-Mlsy,

r^doy,

tiv,

29

39

44

35

w.

29

as

43

41

S. B.

30

39

64

48

S.

SI

40

48

27

N.

1

IS

27

31

N.

2

31

64

62

yr.

3

6S

69

60

N. W.

KJIirO.N MARKKT.—Mo.NUAT, April 4, Iel42.

K^lHirledf.ir IliP .Ni-w Emland Fanner.
1 .M:irkel 2SI) Bee! Cattle, 25 pairs Working oxen,
nws and Calves, 350 Sheep, and 1C60 Swino.
,icK9 — tieef Cattle. We quote to correspond with
week, viz: a few choice cattle taken at §C. First
ilv. $5 50 a 5 75. Second qualiiy, .§4 75 a 5 25.
d quality, $4 00 a 4 50.

orkina Oxen. — We noticed ihe following sales, 70,
50, 8i. 00, and $110.

• IBS and Calrrs. Sales ft2l, 23,25, and 2!).
rrp.—Sa\ef 2 75, 3 50. 4 00, and $5 50.
oine. —Lois to prddio, 4 for sows, and 5 fur barrows.
>e liogs. 3 1-4 and 3 1-2 for sows, and 4 1-4 a 4-1-2
arrows. At retail, from 4 1-2 lo C.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected wUh great care, iceckli/.
EDS. Herds Grass, $2 62 lo 3 00 per bushel. Red Top,
iO cents. Clover— Norlhern, II lo I2c.— Soulhern, 10
I l9x Seed, Si 50 lo I 85 liu. Lucerne, 25 c. per lb.
ry Seed, 83 50 a 4 00 per bushel
.AIN. Corn, 64 a 65 for yellow Ma., and white 58 s
lis per bushel. Oals, Delaware, 47 a 47 l-2c i>er hush'

rn — Northern, bushel — lo do. Round Yellow

— <lo. Soulhern Flat Yellow 63 n 65— While do. 5-t a

•ley — a Rye, Norlheru, 73 a 75 — Oats, South-

3 a 47 — .Northern do. 4 3 lo 50 — Beans, per busliel 76

JUl LBKIIKIKS KUK SIL.K, A\U OTIIKU
TliKK.**.

FLrfllllNO, L. I. NKAH NEW VORK.

WM. R. I'RINCE. offers for sale si the Lin-
niEan Botanic (iardeii and iNurseries, 100,000
Mulberry trees of Ihe finest kinds for ihe -.ilk
culture at 830 per Ihousnnd and at a credil Ihni
will enalile the purchaser to pay for tlwin. oui
o| Ihe silk produced. They consist of Ihe splendid new Cir-
cassian, Mulliciiulis, E.vpmisn, Ebila, Alpine, Morclli, and
Kruusso varielies. Also ihe usual inimensK assortment of

FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES

and Shrubbery, Greenhonse Plants, Bullous Ronls, Splen-
did Dahhaa. and Garden Seeds. The New Calalogiies wiih
very reduced prices will be sent oralis, lo all who ajiply,
post paid, and on all orders enclosine cash or a draft for the
amount, a disconnl of 10 per cent will be allowed.

N. H. The Plums, Cherries, Peaches, and most other
Fruit Trees ore of large suze, as well as the Ornam^nlal
Trees and Shrubs, and Ihe Piums are budded on Plum
^'"^ks- April C.

APPL.K STOCKS.

The subscribers offer for sale 10,000 fine Anulo
Slocks two years old.

JOSEPH BRECK'&CO No. 51 North M.irkct
St. Bosion. April 6.

SRED BAULEY, AND OATS.

For sale at No. 52 North Alarket St., a prime lot of S^ed
Barley. Also English Oats. J. BRECK & CO.

Bosion, April 6.

APP1,E SCIONS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of Ihe following kinds, Baldwin, Greenin?, River, Pttrler.
Nonesuch, Pcarmoin, Sweetings, die. Ac. Also, a few of
'on ■5''.T'^ '''.'"''* "f ''""'■■ ""d Plums. Orders left al J.
BRECK & Co., or al the countins room of the subscriber,
85 Washington si., Boston, or sent by mail, to BrighloBr will
be piomplly atlended lo. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN.

April G.

PRUIT TREES.

For sale at Ihe Pomological Garden. Salem, Mass., a
clioice co'leclion of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Peach
Trees. Also, a great variety of Scions cut from Iruit bear-
ing Trees. Apply by mail to Ihe Superinlendanl.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem, April 6, IS4S. 3w

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PIOUGH.

firest IniprnveiPMiiis hove been made llir paHl ye ir in Ihe
f..rni iind W"rkTiiiiiislii|. o( ihete I'loujlm ; ib.- mould b. aril
has been an formed a> lo lat/tlie Jurrote ronfilrtcly oitrr
liiniitifr in rrrnj /larliclr t^f grait or tllMile, anil .caring Ihe
ff round in llir brti pofibic manner. The leiiftlh of ihe
mould board baa Ih n very much increoaed, no thai liie
I'lnngh works wilh Ihe Krealetl ea<e, boib wiih resp.ci to
llie holding and ihe leam. The Cominiliec al the laic liinl
of Ploughs al Woreenler, aay.

" Should our opinion be asked as lo wbii h o( the Ptou^h*
we shoulff prefer for use on a farm, we might iierhaps aa) to
Ihe inquirer, if your bind is inosily light an</ easy lo woik.
Iry I'rouly & Maars, but if your /ani/u AcoPy, Aan/ orroc/.t/,
ncoi:« WITH Mb. Howabo's.''

Al Ihe above me-.i:oncd irial Ibc Howard Plough did
more irork, irith Ihe suinc pmrcr of len?n, limn amy nllier
j)louffh eihibitnt. Tiw .jllier turned more than lwenl>se.'eii
and one half inches, lo the 112 Iba. draught, while ihe
Hoicard Ploiigh turned tucniuntne and one lialf inc'iet. lo
the tame power of leam ! All acknowlcdne Ihnl Howard's
Ploughs arc much the slrongesl and most subslanlially
made.

There has been quile an imprnvemenl made on the ahiie.
or land side o( this Plough, which can be icnewed withoul
having lo fnriiish a new landside; this shoe likewise aecniea
ihc mould board and landside logelhcr, and slrenglhens the
Plough very much.

The price of Ibe Ploughs is from S 6 loJiS. A PloM).'h,
suflicieni for breakini; up with four calllc, will cost aboiii
Slo 60, and with culler il,wilh wheel and culler, 82 &«
extra.

• The above PlouRbs are for jale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural U'arehonse and Seert Slirie,
Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Sireel. bv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

FARDI F.iR S.VI..G:, ~

Situated in Groton, on Fanners' Row, so called, a pleas-
.nni road, leading to the Academy, one mile from ihe village.
The farm contains 90 acresof mowing, pasturing, and tillage
land, and in a fiir stale of cultiv.nlion; also a youn? Or-
chnrd of grafted fruit in a thriving condition There is on
ihe premises a large two slory House, well provided with
8 rooms on ihe ground floor, and a good cellar under the
whole; two barns one 00 feet by 30, and the other 36 by 26
with cellars under both : sheds and other oulbuildiiics, and
wells of never failing water. Any gentleman wishing to
purchase, will find ihisa very desirable situation. For far-
ther inlormalion apply lo J. BRECK & CO., No. 51 and
52 Nnilh Market St., Bosion, to WM. EATON. Sea si., or
lo ihe subscriber on the premises, JOSHUA EATON.

Groton, March 30, 1SI2. 3w

FRUIT, OR.NAItlKNTAL. TREKS Ac.

SUBSF.nV OF WILr.IiM KENRICK,

Of Peach, Peur, Plum and Cherrij Tree*,

a colleclion unrivalled in any former year, for ez-

tensive numbers of fine trees, of new and finest

kinds. Large addilions of new. valuable, or

beauliful, are jusl received from Europe.

Gooseberries of firsi quality. Apples, Quinces, Grape

Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Strawberries, &c. The new

iibridjcd and descriptive Catalogue for IS12, will be sent lo

all wiio apply.

Ornnmenlal Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles. &c. Splen-
ine ».„a?e, ana 1 1 miles irom tsosion, containing 175 acres, I <'j.'' .^'a^'"'" "f •I""'''? "H"™ Harrison and olber Roses-
including about 40 acres of wood land, Ihe soiHs rich, anj of J ree Peonies of Hed.areous Pteooies, and other flo

FARM F.IR SAI..lfl.

For sale a Farm in Lexington situated one mile west of
the Village, and 1 1 miles from Bosion, containing 175 acres

OUR. Sales comprise 10

.. and fancy 86 73 per Lbl ; 1000 do Ohio, 86 25 a 6 37
J Baltimore City Mills, 85 87, 4 mos ; 400 do Freder-
irgh, 86, 4 mos.

Itiniore, Howard Street, 4 mos. or. 86 12 a 6 23— do.
, S3 sr a 6 00 do. free of garlic, S6 00 a 6 12— Phila-
ia do. 4 mos. 86 dO a 0 12— Fredericksburg, lowi'd 4
S6 no a — — Alexandria, wharf mountain, — — li
ieor^eiown, *0 12 a C 25 — Richmond Canal, 86 12 a
lo. City, 86 75 — Pclersburgh, City Mills, So 25 a G 37
Country 85 57 a 6 00— Genesee, common, cash, SO 62 a
- do laney brands 86 75 a — — Ohio via Canal,
a 6 50 — Indian Meal in bbU., S3 00 a 3 25.
JVISIO.NS. There has been a fair demand for Beef
)rk, ;it private saK', al the quoted prices, and bv auc-
>o I bills Western Mess Pork, S3 25 a 8 37 ; |47 do
, 86 li a 6 25 per bbl.

t— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 00 a 9 50 — Navy— Ss on a
Vo. 1 , 87 25 a 7 60— do Prime 85 00 a 6 25— Pork-
clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a — —do Clear 811 a —
tiess 88 75 a 9 00 —do Prime 86 7!. a 7 00— do Mesa
itber Stales 8 60 a 3 75.

'OL. Duty. The value whereof al the place of ex-
loo shall not exceed 3 els. per pound, free. All wbere-
VLiltie exceeds S cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
per pound.

trins.ictions of the week have been confined lo small'
s of American fleece, at quotations.

le or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 60 c— Amer ,
ull blood, do 43 a 43— Do. 34 do 38 a 40— Do. I 2 do f,^_,_,
IS — 1-4 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep, |,J,"„'j

r a high slate of cultivation. On the premises is a
200 bbls Genesee, 86 62 j large Dwelling House, which will conveniently acco.iimodatc
' "' two families; a large Barn, Shed. Chaise' House, Mill

House, Cider Mill and Ice House, and an extensive Pigeery,
all of which ore new, or in good repair. The Farm is slock-
ed with every variety of Fruit, and the Garden, which in
eludes about an acre, with a choice selection of Shrubs and
Flowering Plants, which the propriclor has devoted several
years in procuring, with great care >ud expense. Within
the garden is a Green House, 40 feel by 16, wiih suitable
buildings adjacent to accommodate- the Gardener. The
House is heated upon ihe most approved plan, and is stock-
ed with a variety of the best Grapes, Flowering plants, &c.

A valuable slock ol' improved .Short Horn, Durham. North
Devon, and Aldcrney Caltle will be sold immediately after
ihe sale of the Farm. For further particulars inquire ol
ARAl) PROCTER, on the premises, or of JAMES VILA,
Bath .-Ireet, Bosion.

If not disposed of at private sale it will be offered ut
Auction on Friday, 8lh of April at 12 o'clock, M.

Feb. 16. ep(A8

CAMBRIDOEPORT A'VRSBRT.

SAMUEL POND, Nurseryman, Colombia

sireel, Cambridgeiiorl, Mass. Has for sate a

choice assnttmenl of FRUIT TREES,

SHRUBS, R O O T S , and VINES,

among ibein are the best varieties of Apple,

Pear, I'luin. Cherry, Peach Apricol, Grapevines, Asparagus,

Rhubarb, Pear slocks, Appiedo , Plum Ho. , Currants, Goose

' erries, Raspberries, Sic. Trees of an extra size always on

March 23.

ing Plants- of double Dahlias, A^c, Rhubarb of first rale
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, &c.

All orders addressed to. the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
]incke'i in mats and moss (or safe transport to all distant
]dace$ by land or sea, and delivered in the cily free of cbaree,
for transportation by the wagon which is sent Ibiiber daily,
may be left al Ihc stand, at No. 44 t>in^i

or ord
Bosion

March 9.

trcel,
WILLIAM K: NKICK
Nonanlum Hill, Newton.
epll2lhJune

CARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. have received their full supply
of Garden and Field Seeds, which they warrant to be pure
and fresh, as follows:

Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imiierialdo.
Marrowfat, ice.
White Aliriugham Carrot
Long Orange do.

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurtzel Beet.
Sugar do.
Long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Ruin Baga.

Turnips in great variety.
Early and Late Beans of
sorts.

FARM IN l,BXlNGTON

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as the Hastings
Place, coutainini; about 120 acre.-, adjoining Ihe Farm of
E. PhinncT The land is of excellent qualiiy, «ell slocked
with fruil trees, and a good supply ofvonuc wood. For
this office, or of E. PHINNEY, living near

terms apply at I
tlie premises.

Lexington, Feb. 9, 1842.

320

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL. G, 184a

MISCELLANEOUS

ODE.

BY HATrlElD.

TuxK :— " Scots wha Itae."
Fiieiuls of freedom! swell the song ;
Yoiinp anil oM, thu strain prolong.
Make the tetiip'rance army strong
And on to victory.

Lift your banners, let ihem wave.
Onward march the world to save ;
Who would fill a drunkard's grave,
And bear his iniamy ?

Shrink not when the foe appears ;
Spurn the coward's guilty fears ;
Hear the shrieks, behold the tears
Of ruined families!

Raise the cry in every spot —

" Touch not — Taste not — Handle not,"

Who would be a driinkeii sot.

The worst of miseries ?

Give the aching bosom rest ;
Carry joy lo every hreust ;
Make the wretched drunkard blest,
By living soberly.

Raise the glorious watchword high —
^' Touch not — laste not till you die."
Let the echo reach the sky,

And earth keep jubilee.

ANECDOTE OF THE REIGNING KING OF
PRUSSIA.
We hove much pleasure in laying before our
readers an interesting anecdote, whicli has been
communicated lo us by a gentlemen wlio has re-
cently returned from Berlin. Some time since an
effort was made to get rid of a windtiiill, the close
approximation of which to the Royal palace ren-
dered it in some degree a nuisance, and certainly
an eyesore. Overtures were accordingly made
to the sturdy yeoman for the purchase of the ob-
noxious property ; but whether it was that the man
was possessed of a strong spirit of obstinacy, or
was really too deeply attached to his old family
habitation, the result was that the offers, though
tempting, were again and again refused. There
are generally some individuals attached to a Court
who arc ready to suggest remedies, direct or indi-
rect, for inconveniences or annoyances offered to
Royality. Accordingly, upon a hint from some
minion, a law suit was commenced against the ob-
stinate miller for the recovery of certain sujns al-
Icdgcd to bo duo for arrears of on impost on that
portion of Trown land which it wok suggested was
occupied by the mill in question. Tho sturdy hold-
er of the "toll dish" was not wholly without
friends or funds, and he prepared vigorously to
take his stand in defence of his rights. 1'he ques-
tion came in due time before the courts of law,
and tho plaintiff", having completely failed to estab-
lish any right on behalf of the Crown, the miller
obtained a verdict in his favor, with a declaration
for payment of his costs in the suit. This was
certainly no small triumph, and merrily went round
the unfurled sails of the old mill, and well pleased,
no doubt, was the rough owner with the sound, as
they went whirling and whizz.ing under the influ-
ence of the gale, which certainly seemed lo blow
Btrnngly in his favor. I5ul ho was not the first
who has found that wli'-n drawn into a lawsuit.

particularly with so furmidablc an opponent, a man
is more likely to "gain a loss" than escape scot-
free. What with extra expenses, interruption of
business, and rejoicings after the victory, the mil-
ler found himself pressed by considerable difficul-
ties, and after in vain struggling a few months
against the pressure, heal length took a manly res-
olution, gained access to the nionarcli's presence,
and after roughly apologizing for having thwarted
His Majesty's wishe.<:, frankly stated that his wants
alone had rendered him cnnipliant, but that he was
prepared to accept the sum originally offered for
the property. The King, after a few minutes
conversation, handed a draft for a considerable
amount to the applicant, and said, " I think my
honest friend, that you will find that snfGcient
to meet the emergency ; if not come and talk to
me again upon the subject. As to the mill, I as-
sure I will have none of it. The sight of it now
gives me more pleasure than it ever occasioned
pain; for I see in it an object which assures me of
a guarantee for the safety of my i)cople, and a
pledge for my own happiness by its demonstration
of the existence of a power and a principle higher
than the authority of the Crown, and more valuable
than all the privileges of royalty." — London paper.

ghioen'spa.t:epit straw cutter.

X

Nothing is said lo be more effectual in taking
down swellings, than a soft poultice of slewed
white beans, put on in a thin muslin bag, and re-
newed every hour or two.

It is a curiosity lo find a man who places too
low an estimate on his own abilities.

Sam Slick says : " Though the men have the
reins, the women tell 'em how to drive."

When ia a pig like a paragraph? When he is
penned.

too dnz. Casi Sleel Shovels

AGRlClTliTljRAl. IMPIjKNENTS, &c

The Proprielors of the N'cw Englnixl Agricultural Ware-
house ami Seed riinre No. 61 and 52 Norili Mnrkel street,
would inl'orm llicir ruslomers and the public (jenerolly that
llicy have on hand llie most extensive nssortment of Agri-
cuiluial and Horticultural Tools to lie found in the United
States. Pari of which are I he following :

1000 Howard's Pnient Cast

Iron I'louglis.
.100 Common do. do.
200 Cullivalors.
100 rJrecne's Straw Cutters.
00 Willis' do. do.
I no Common do. do.
100 Willis' Potent Corn

Shcllcrs.
50 Common do do.
2uO Willis' Seed Sowers.
GO " Vegetable Cutters
fiO Common t\o. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
ISuuDoz- Scythe Sloncs.
aono '■ Austin's Kifles.
March 17.

160 •'

CfiRimon do.

100 "

Spades.
Grass Scythes.

BOO "

300 ''

Patent Snaiths.

200 "

Common do.

600 "

Hay Hakes.

200 "

(iarden do.

200 "

Manure Forks.

300 "

Hay do.

500 Pa

r Trace Chains.

100 "

Truck do.

100

Droit do.

60U

Tic up do.

50 do2

. Huher do.

luoo yards Fence do.
26 Grind Stones on rollers.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. nl IheNew England A^r
tural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 51 and62 IS'orlh J
kel Sircel, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay
Stall; Cuuer, operating on a mechanical principle not (h
applidl 10 a»y implemcnl for this purpose. The most pi ^,
incnl edicts of this applicalinn, and some of the cooscqiT
peculinriiies of the inacliine arc:

1. So great a reduction of the quantum ol power reqtt
to use it, that the strength of a half grown hoy is sum*
lo work it efficiently.

2. Willi even this moderate power, it easily cuts two b
els a niinule, which is full twice as fasi as has been claifK
hy any other machine even when worked by horse or si
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whicb .
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any a Fi
straw cutler.

4. The machine is simple inils construction, made anil !
togeUier very slronjjly. It is therefore not so liable up '«
complicated machines in general use to get nut oforcta «

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

The subscribers oiTcr for sale a great variety of V<
hie Seeds desirable for the Hoi bed, as follows,
Noiipaiicl Cobhagc. I Early Cauliflower.

Early Hope do. " Broccoli, of sorts.

Early Synol's Cucumber. | Celery, snperior sorts.
Fine Long Green do. Sweet Marjoram.

E','!? Plant. I

Forsalchy JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New B
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 62 Norili Ms
Street, Boston. JIaich

FLOWER SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 62 Nnrlhl
kel street, offer for sale their usual varicly of Flo» or So.
comprising all ihat are desirable for cultivation.

Boston, March 9lh, 1842.

FOR SALE,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, fr^in t
months old. E. PH1N.\E^

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TTR rp CHAmS.

Just received hy 600 Chains for lyeing up Cnuln
These chains, introduceil by E. H. Deuby, Esq ul Sat
and Col. jAcacEe, for the purpose of securing tiiiilo Is
stall, are found te be the safest and most convenieiil m
of fastening cows and oxen lo the tianchion.

POt'DRETTE.

000 Unrrcls Poudrelle may he had on applicalinn to the
suliRcrilier, at $2 per barrel of /our bnshels each— Helivcriil
oil hoard of vessel in Ihi.s city. Orders by mail, enclosing
ihe money will he promptly attended lo, if received soon by
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nassau st , New York.

Jao, C. 1342.

SOS DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moire's, Sua Dialt, ii
very neiil and useful nrlicle for llie purpose nfgiving the liiue
of dar in ihc garilen or field. Price T 6 cents. For i»l« hy
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 61 and 62 Norlh Market St.

Sepl I.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitahio for Ploughing.
200 '* Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Droll Chains. For salt by J. BRECK &9
No. 62 North Market si.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10.000 feet Chains stiiO
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. KliKOI
CO., No. £.2 North Market st. A \r>\ t

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER-by one ihol has served a repulsri
prenliccsbip in Europe, and has hod seven years' rx|ifrin
in this country. The best of reference given. A.l.lt«S»
D. at this oQice. M;^rcb»

NEW ENGLAND F A K M K R . .

A Wr.KKLY PAPEIl.

Terms, i5i2 per year in advance, ot^2 5i ifnolfi
within thirly dnys.

N. It. — Postmasters are perniiltcd by law lo frsnk
SMbscripli<ins nnd remittancES for Dewspapvr»<, wilht
ezpenso to subscribers.

TDTTLB AKD DRKNETT, FKINTF.BB.

A N D II O U T i C U L T U R A L REGISTER.

9

PUOLISHBO BY JOSEPH BEECK * CO., NO. 68 NOttTH MARKET STREET, (AomcoiTOEAt WA»iMOO«.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON. WRnNKSDAY KVKNING, APRIL 1.1, 1812.

I NO. 4 1.

N. E. F ARMER.

ATTLE SHOW AND PLOWING MATCH,

P.iwIuTcl, R. I., on ICedntsdan, Srpt.QSth, 18-12.
riie Standinjf CommiUoe of the Rhodo Island
:ie[y for the Encouragetnenl of Domestic Indus-
orter the following premiums:

For Butts.
Por the boit Bull, not less than one, nor
eedinj three years old, to be kept for ser-
; in x\iii State, ten months after the Fair,
I price not e.xcceding $2 per cow, $20

or the second best do. upon the same con-
oiis, 15

or the third best do. without the coodi-

8, 8

Bull Calves.
'or the best Bull Calf, not less than four
iths old, nor exceeding twelve months old, 5
'or the second best do. 3

Cows.
'or the best Milch Cow, of any breed, that
produced the largest quantity of milk or
er, in any four successive weeks from the
of May to tlie first of September, regard
g had to her keeping and time of calving, 12
or the second best do. upon the same coo-

'DS,

or the third best do. without any condi-

Hei/ers.
T the best three year old Heifer, which
Dad a calf,

ir the second best do.
>r the best two year old do., with or with-
calf,

r the second best do.
■^r the best one year old do.
IT the second best do.

Heifer Calces.
IT the best Heifer Calf, from four to
le months old,
ir the second best do.

Working Ozen.
ir the best pair of Working Oxen, raised
is State, not less than four years old, re-
being had to their size, strength and

r the second best do.
r the third best do.

r the best pair of do. raised out of this
, but having been owned in the State not
han six nronths, and not less than four
old, regard being had to their size,
tf gtb and training,
r the second best do.

Steers.
t the best pair of three years old Steers,
to the yoke, and raised in this State,
r the second best do.

For the best pair of two years old do., rais-
ed in this State, $i
For the second best do. 2

Slieep.
For the best Buck, C

For the second best do. 4

For the best Ewes, not lesa than four in
number — .$2 each, 8

Hogs.
For tlie best Boar, nut less than four
mouths, nor more than two years end six
months old, with an assurance that he shall be
kept six months for further socvice in this
State, C,

For the second best do. 5

For the third best do. 4

For the best breeding Sow, 5

For the second best do. 3

For the best weaned Pigs, not less than
four in number, 4

For the second best do. do. 2

$224
The premiums for the bulls and boars will be
paid when evidence is produced fJiat they have
been kept in this State for the time required. And
no premiums shall be awarded, unless in the judg-
ment of the committees, the stock shall be deemed
worthy of it.

Terms.

For each yoke of oxen exhibited at the Fair,
which shall appear in a team ol fifty or more yoke,
(and to which no premium for any peculiar excel-
lence is awarded,) if driven less than five miles —
25 cts.

For each yoke as above, if driven five miles and
over — 50 cents.

For each yoke as above, if driven ten miles and
over — 75 cents.

For each yoke as above, if driven twenty miles
and over — $1 00.

Best Cullir.Tied Farm.
For the best cultivated Farm in this State, .fSO
This premium will not be awarded, unless in the

opinion of the committee, the cultivator shall be

deemed worthy of it.

Ptowing Match..
(No Drivers allowed.)

First plow, $7

Second do. 6

Third do. 5

Fourth do. 4

Fifth do. 3

Will not bo permitted to be driven faster than their
natural pace; und these premiums will be adjudged
for the best work, witii the leant expense of labor.

It must be understood that in all cases, whether
there be any competition or not, it is at the discre-
tion of the committees to withhold a premium, if,
in their opinion, the object so offered is not deserv-
ing of it.

Any attempts to obtain premiums by unfair prac-
tices will be punished by a forfeiture of the pre-
niiiim, should it have been awarded before a dis-
covery, and will also preclude the off'ender from
being permitted to apply for premiums in futurc-
I'rciiiiums to bo demanded within six months after
they are awarded.

Competitors for premiums of every description,
will be held to a rigid compliance with the fore-
going rules, as well as such other rules and regula-
tions as shall be adopted by the respective commit-
tees of p.-emiuins, hereafter to be appointed, and
the Commiltco of Arrangements for the occasion.

No ownf r of any number of premium animals
will be entitled to more tlian one allowance for
travel.

JOHN PITMAN, Vice President.

Wm. W. Hoppi.v, Sec'ry.

$25

The depth to be plowed will not be less than
five inches, and the breadth of the furrow not more
than ten inches.

The strictest regulations will be adopted, to in-
sure the proper management of the cattle. They

CULTURE OF THE PEACH.

The most extensive peach orchard which has
conte to my knowledge, is that belonging to Messrs.
Isaac Reeve uiid Jacob Ridgeway of Philadelphia.
It is situated forlyfive miles below the city, on the
river Delaware, at Delaware city, and contains 20&
acres of trees, in ditferent stages of growth. In
18-39, they gathered from this orchard, 18,000 bush-
els of first rate fruit from 170 acres of trees, where-
of only 50 acres were then ir. full bearing. When
the fruit has attained the si:e of a small musket-
ball, it is thinned. One of these gentlemen in-
formed me, that of that smal' size, they had gath-
ered in that year, 700 bushels, by measure, of the
immature fruit. By tins judicious management,
while the amount of fruit was but litlie diminished,
either in weight or measure, its size and beauty
were thus greatly improved, so that their fruit was
the handsomest in the Philadelphia market, and
during the best of the season, much of it was sold
at from $4 50 to §0 the basket, of three pecks in
measure. Since that period, they have increased
their orchards, which now comprise 300 acres.
Their trees are usually transplanted at a year's
growth from the bud: they usually produce a full
crop of fruit in the fourth year after being trans- -
planted, and from some of their trees two busliels
of fruit have been gathered in a single year.

They prefer a dry soil, light and friable, on a
foundation of clay, or gravelly clay — a good, but
not a very rich soil. Like all other good cultiva-
tors, the whole land is always kept in cultivation.
For the first two or three years, corn is raised in .
the orchard, but afterwards the trees are permitted .
to occupy the whole ground, nothing being siifTcr-
cd to grow beneath tlieir shade, as this would rob.«
the fruit of its nouriehmcnt. In Delaware, where v

322

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIL 13, 1641 It

'iife climate is ivarm, and tlie soil good, twenty feet
Nisundcr is llio s^uituble distniice recommended for
the tree ; while on the eastern or Atliinlic Hide of
New Jersey, sixteen or seventeen feet asunder is
<ieenied sufEcient by some of their most experienc-
ed cultivators on good snils ; while farther north,
or on poorer soils, a less distance will suftice. Even
ten teet asunder answers well in the latitude of
Boston.

The blossoms of the peach tree, as well as those
of the cherry are sometimes liable to be cut ofl" by
winter, or by spring frosts, which occur after the
cap has arisen; the danger in this case being caus-
ed by the occurrence of unusually warm weather,
"ither during an. open winter, or during the pro-
gress of a very early spring, which causes the tree
to advance prematurely. Those trees being more
especially exposed wluth are in warm and sunny
expositions, while those trees which are situated
on the north sides of hills, the most exposed to
cold winds, and on the north sides of fences and
of buildings, almost invariably escape. In Swit-
zerland, it has been stated that a mound of earth is
sometimes placed over tlm roots of trees in auUimn,
as a protection from winter frost, which is removed
in spring. Completely to protect the tree, and to
insure a crop of fruit in all situations and seasons,
let the surface of the earth beneath the tree, be
covered to the depth of eight or twelve inches,
either with leaves or coarse strawy manure, or with
coarse hay in January and February, and when
liard frozen. This will preserve the ground in a
frozen state, and cflectually retard the advance-
ment of the tree till the danger is past, and to a
late period in spring.

The peach flourishes and ripens well its fruit
usually wherever and as far north as the Indian
corn or maize will produce a certain crop. But
by attending to the above directions, wo are per-
suaded that it will succeed and Courish, producing
fruit perfect and mature, and abundantly, even still
further north. It is eminently deserving of trial. —
Kenrick's JStiw American Oichirdiat.

From the Albany Cultivator.

EXPRRIMENTS WITH SALT.
Messrs. Caylord If Tucktr — I with pleasure com-
ply with your request, and give you the detail of
my expeirments in the use of salt as a manure. In
the spring of lb.'58, we broke up six acres of sward
land that had been mowed a number of years, in-
tending to plant it to corn, but observed when
plowing, that the ground was infested with worms ;
(the yellow cut or wire worm, and black grubs;)
QB we had mostly lost our corn crop the year pre-
vious by having the first planting almost entirely
destroyed by the corn worm, (above described,) we
expected a like calamity would follow the present
year, unless some preventive could be used to de-
stroy the worms. And having frccjuently and un-
•uccessfuUy used all the recommended remedies to
destroy the corn worms, we wero induced, at the
suggestion of an English laborer, to try salt Af-
ter the ground was thoroughly harrowed, five bush-
els per acre was sown broadcast, leaving a atrip of
near half an acre on each side of the field, to satis-
factorily test the experiment. The whole was
then planted to corn and potatoes. The corn on
the part whore no salt was sown, was mostly eaten
up by the worms, and was replowed and planted to
potatoes. The potatoes on the whole lot were a
£ood crop, but decidedly better where the salt was

applied. I regret that we did not ascertain by
measurement the nrtual result. There was a very
perceptible difference in the appearance of the
vines during the whole summer. On the part
where the salt was sown, llicy grew larger and
were of a darker green color, and continued green
longer in the fall than the otiiers. In the sjiring
of J83'J, we spread on a good coat of manure, and
planted it all to corn, except about half an acre of
the salted land, which was planted to Rohan pota-
toes. The Rolians were the best crop of potatoes
I ever saw. Seed planted, 2 1-2 bushels — pro-
duce, over 300 bushels. The largest potato weigh-
ed 4 3-4 lbs. The corn was a heavy crop, but
was not measured. The summer was very dry and
hot ; but the corn on the salted land did not appear
to suffer at all from the drought, while the other
was considerably injured. The salted land ap-
peared always moist, and the growth of every thing
upon it was very rapid. We found great difficulty
in keeping the weeds down. After three succes-
sive hoeings, we were obliged in August lo give
it a hand-weeding. Spring of 1840, intended to
have stocked the land down for meadow; but
thinking it too rich for oats, planted potatoes with-
out manure. Crop good. The effects of the salt
still very apparent. Adjudged to be one third more
potatoes where the land was salted.

Spring of 1841, sowed a part of the lot to oats,
the remainder to potatoes and onions without ma-
nure. The onions were n great crop. The sum-
mer was very dry, but they did not suffer, while
other crops in this neighborhood on similar soils,
were nearly destroyed by the drought. The oats
were a heavy crop, and much lodged on the salted
part. The clover grew well and produced a fine
crop of fall feed. This I cannot account for, ex-
cept by supposing that the salt kept the land moist,
or attracted moisture from the almo.sphero, as I
knaw of no other piece of land in the town that
was well seeded last year : it was almost an entire
failure ; and the most of the land stocked down
last spring has been, or will be plowed up in the
spring to be re-seedod.

We sowed salt the same spring on a part of our
meadows. The grass was evidently improved —
the result satisfactory — and we shall continue to
use it on our meadows.

I shall not at this time force upon your readers
any opinicms of mine respecting the manner in
which salt operates beneficially upon vegetation or
the soil. JOHN C. MATHKR.

From the .same.

HORSE RADISH FOR ANIMALS.
Austin Randall, Esq., of Paris, writes to us as
follows : " I have seen in your excellent paper no
notice of the value of the horse radish for cattle.
I have found it very useful for them. If given to
cows in doses of a pint at a time, once a day, it
will materially aid their appetite, and will prevent
or speedily relieve cows of the disease called cake
in llic bat;. I feed it freely to any animal of mine
that is unwell, and find it of great service to work-
ing oxen troubled with [the heat. I have had one
ox that would eat greedily a. peck at a time. Few
animals refuse it; and if they do, it may be cut up
and mixed with potatoes or meal."

Mr R. cultivates his corn without hilling, and
his success with his last crop (73 bushels per acre;
is a favorable commentary on the practice.

ri cities, for cxamji
anock's Winter, sj
to the Ly^com, fll
Utention should aT

[From 'Transastions of the Essex Agricultural SocieM H

FRUIT TREES.

In forming a collection of fruits, it is better
be contented with a few good kinds, that prodl C
well in most seasons, than to plant those for !
sake of variety, of which perhaps a crop may I
obtained once in three or four years. We shou
endeavor also to fix upon those which are found
suit our latitude. Many varieties of apples, wh
are first rate in our southern cities, for cxamj
the Newton Pippin and Pen
when grown here, inferior t
Harvey, and many others. A
be paid to selecting sorts suitable to their destir
soils, as some that would succeed well in a stro
clay loam, would languish in a poor, light, sao
Soil ; and others that would ripen to pcrfectioni
the enclosed yards of onr populous cities, woi ''
not mature in our open fiehls. There are t
some situations where the apple and pear thri
well, while the cherry and plum do not. The v
livation of the two former should therefore be li t
coiirngcd, while that of the latter should be m
so to a limited extent. The Baldwin, Bellflow
Swaar, and some other varieties of apples, do w
in a soil of a light, loamy nature, while the K|
stone Pippin, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Piper,*
Pickman Pippin, require that of a strong, clayi" '
and retentive loam.

The following list of apples which answer w*
in our locality, comprises some of the best sumni
auliiiiin, and winter varietiei for New England c
ture :

ArPLF.3.

Early Harvest or July Flower, ripens in July »

.•\uguet.
Early Bough, or Washington, of N. H., ripeni

July and Aug.
Summer Permaine, ripens in Sept.
Fall Harvey, (fine) " in Sept and Oct.
Cloth of Gold, Cressy apple of Beverly, ripcni

Oct
Williams' Favorite Red, ripens in Aug.
Boxford Stump, ripens in Sept. and Oct
Lyscom, (superior) " Oct.
Porter, (handsome fruit) ripens in Sept and Oct
Ribstone Pippin, (English apple) ripeni in Dec.

Feb.
Rhode Island Greening, ripens from Nov. to Fi
Baldwin, " Dec. to F«

Yellow Belltlowcr, " Dec. to Ji

Swaar, (great bearer) " Jan. to Mi

Danvcrs, or Eppes Sweeting, " Jan. to ||l

Roxbury Russet, " Feb. lo i^ j

Hubbardston Nonesuch, (fine fruit) " Oct to W
Minister, (very superior) " Nov. to P«

Pears

Madalcine, ripens in July and AM,

Bloodgood, (fine) " August

Summer Franc Real, '• September,

Hartlett (superior) " '4 ,

Dearborn's Seedling, (fine) " August

Cujhing, " September.

Seckel, " October.

Hello Lucrative, (superior) " "

Surpasso Virgalieu, (") « "

lluffuin, (great bearer) " September.

Washington, (beautiful fruit) " "

King of Wurtemberg, (large and fine) ripens in Oe
Urbanistc, (melting fruit) " Ibl '

Napoleon, (bears young and abundantly) *■ Of

rox.. TV. :*(>. II.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

323

10 I.ouiso,
sker's Mcadov

rijieiis in Nov.

hcsje of Angoulonic, (large and fine) " "

tor Nolie, ripens from Dec. to Feb.

i8, I preat bo.irer) ripens in Dec.

pliiiie, (very sugary and fine) ripens in Dec.

er licurro, ripens from Fob. to May.

or Hlack Pear of Worcester, \

lac, ^ For baking.

or Hunt's Winter, )

Plims.
n Ga^e, ripens in Aug. and Sept.

lar's Washington,

n Damask,
s tioldsn Drop,

Iinperu trice,

cr'd Seedlmg,
p's Emperor,

rial liage,

September,

August.

Oct. aud Nov.

Oct. and Nov.

Sept. and Oct.

Scptoiiiber.

AujjusL

Peach.

Royal George,
adge's Favorite,
esse,
ruard,

: Tartarian,
May Duke

y Heart,
Eagle,

Early Red Rareripe,
Brattle's White or Snow

Pcacli,
H:isting's Rareripe.

CukRRIES.

Mottled Biggareau,
Napoleon do.
Black Heart,
Hyde's Seedling.

HINTS TO BE REFLECTED ON.
ody soils resting upon adhesive clay bottoms,
e improved by being plowed sufficiently deep
a up a few inches of clay to be mi.ied with
nd : the two when commingled together form
d mould. All sands thus ser\ed, should, be-
recciving a generous allowance of nutritive
-es, get a moderate dose of lime, in some
or other, if the sand is exhausted ; if not ex-
id, but in good heart, the application of lime
e made in greater quantity.
»d Itnaciout days may be permanently chang-
:haracter, and consequently improved in quali.
eimply mixing sand with the clay, in such
ties as will produce a disintegration of its
and thus admit the influence of air and heat,
1 as the free penetration of the roots of the

All such cold clays, if moist, should be
d prior to the sand being carted on ; and to
he improvement the more effectual, the ad-
c of the soil should be preceded by deep
g ; — if the earth were penetrated to the
f 12 inches, so much the better would it be,
much more permanent would the meliora-
ove. Coarse sand for such purposes is bel-
n fine, and that from the shores of salt rivers

Coarse sand mixed with gravel, where the
particularly cohesive, would be found to be
tly calculated for the purpose.
3oih, to be made to produce sweet herbage,
3 drained.

ntadewa would be greatly improved by be-
rowed and top-dressed early in the spring. |
r. Farmer.

Krnm iho Mnine CuIiIt ilor.

I CULTIVATION OF FLOWERS.

[ We are happy to perceive that more attention is
being paid to the Cultivation of flowers, niid that
the views of our ancestors, so siiigiilorly and »lran"c.
ly utilitarian in this respect, ara rapidly giving way
to sentiments more liberal and refined. The gene-
rous and moralizing inlluence which this change is
calculated to exert upon the mind and its ulleclions,
cannot, in our opinion, be too highly appreciated.

Flowers are alike the preaching emblems of
transient beauty and tainllcas innocence, and teach
ill the chaste languaga of their eloquent loveliness,
a moral that is forcibly felt and acknowledged
even by the most depraved.

What object in nature is more touching to the
contemplative mind, than a withered flower ? What
an inimitable picture does it present of the brevity
and short-lived glory of human lifel

The mind that can pass from the contemplation
of such an object with no sense of an uplifted spirit,
of passions chastened and affections purified, must
be cold indeed.

We hav« no sympathy with those who would
desecrate and pare down the loveliness of earth to
the grade of mere utility — who can discover no
beauty in the opening bud and blushing flower, and
whose exertions are limited on all occasions by a
parsimonious idolatry and a worse than idiotic pri-
vation of sensibility, to Uio "maddening love of
gold." w.

CARHor.S FOR CATTLE.
A correspondent of tho Doncastor Chronicle layi :
Sir — Noticing in your last week's Chronicle ttio
opinion cxprsiscd timt the feeding of cattle with
carrots, was a means of bringing on the Opthalmis,
I beg to say we have boon in tho practice of feed-
ing cattle with carrots very freely, more particular-
ly milch cows, and hiivu never liud any symptom of
that disease amongst our stock, they generally be-
ing very healthy. Whenever they are ill, I gene-
rally order lliem u few carrots, and consider them
very healthy food for cattle and horses.

I wish to further observe, that I have never found
any thing to produce so sweet milk and butter as
carrots. W. Kiiaulev.

CRANBERRIES.

Mr S. Bates, of Billinghain, Norfolk Co., Mass.,
cultivates this crop. He states that " low meadow
land is best for them, prepared in the first instance
in the same manner as for grain. The wild cran-
berry is transplanted into this in rows 20 inches
apart. At first they require a slight hoeing, after-
wards they spread and cover the field, produciniJ
crops annually thereafter without further culture.
In this condition, they produce much lari'er and
finer fruit than in their wild state, the yield beincr
from 200 to 300 bushels per acre, worth on an ave-
rage in the Boston market, at least one dollar per
bushel. A damp soil, or where wet predominated,
has generally been considered necessary, but Mr
Bates thinks this not essential to their successful
cultivation : any soil unless when inclined to bake,
will answer. Early in the spring is the best time
for transplanting. — Selected.

MILDEW UPON GOOSEBERRIES.

Advice from one competent to give it "Say to

tlhc growers of gooseberries, if they wish to keep
ofl mildew, train your bushes so as to admit n free
circulation of air through them ; manure about the
roots ; and forget not to sprinkle them with soap-
suds on washing days, three or four weeks in suc-
cession, before blossoming; and they cannot miss
having fine, fair, largo berries. I know this by
several years' experience. Lot them try and see."
— Gtnesee Far.

MUNIFICENT DONATION.

Give while you live — thus secure the purposes
of your charity, and gather the first sheaves of the
harvest.

John Conant, of Jaifrey, N. H., a spirited and
intelligent farmer, has given his valuable farm of
2.30 acres, with all its appurtenances, to the Chesh-
ire County Agricultural Society for the establish-
ment of an Agricultural Seminary. It is not many
miles from Keime. It is a noblo benefaction, and
reflects upon him the highest honor Ibid.

ILLUMINATION IN THE WEST.
Already, from the aid chemistry has afforded to
agriculture, has the West begun to turn their pro-
ductions into new and more profitable forms than
have been heretofore given them. Tallow and
lard are subjected to a great pressure, by which
the fat is separated into two principles, one a pure
oil, liquid at all times, and equal to " winter strain-
ed"— and another, a compact, firm matter, analo-
gous to, and said to be equal to, spermaceti. Uil
of tho finest quality, is also extracted from corn;
and from castor oil, abuRdantly produced there, the

best sperm candles are manufactured Amer. .-Ig-

riculturitt.

Dutch have this good proverb — that thefts
nrich, alms never impoverish, nor prayers
d any work.

There is but one way to heaven for the learned
and the unlearned.

Did men govern themselves as they ought, the
world would be well disciplined.

SCOURS IN CALVES.
When the calf is attacked, it should be pot in a
warm dry stable, and not be permitted to suck more
than half the quantity <if milk it is wont to do ; but
should be put to the cow regularly three times a
day. Make a tea of eqaal portions of white oak,
beech, dogwood and slippery elm bark, and give
small doses twice a day, and the calf will soon re-
cover.— ^Igriculturist.

MICE.

A correspondent of the Genesee Farmer says

" The host way of banishing rats and mice from
mows or bins of grain, and all similar places, we
have ever heard of, is scattering the branches of
meniha viridis or common spearmint, about in the
mows when packing away grain, or strowinf it
over the bins of grain, casks of apples, &,c., expos-
ed to their depredations. We have tried it, so
have our neighbors, a-na ibund it to be effectual."

SEED.
Selections in seed cannot too carefiilly be made
by the farmer. There is frequently a difference in
yield in a crop from cme kind of seed, of JOO per
cent, over another from tho same quality of land,
and with similar treatment. Every species of
grain, roots, and grasses is subject to this difference

of yield, without apparent cause .Imer. .Igricidtu-

riit.

324

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIL 13, 164».

For the New England Farmer.
SOWING CORN FOR FODDER.

To ihe Edilor of the New Kngland Farmer :

Dear Sik — Vour paper and others, liave said
much about sovvin;,' corn for fodder: but I hnve
not seen any article conloining full directions for
jaisin^ this crop. Will you be so kind as to sup-
ply this deficiency ?

Wo want to know the manner of preparing llie
land ; the amount of manure to be applied ; the
time and manner of sowing ; the quantity of sead
to be sown ; the time and manner of cutting ; the
method of curing the fodder — and such other things
as your experience will suggest.

Last year I planted the Ilartwell corn, and found
k a valuable variety. Would this be a good kind
to sow ? Your ob't serv't, S. W.

Reply — Mr Ellsworth, of Washington, recom-
mends sowing broadcast, and would put four bu.«h-
eU of seed per acre. Ilia mode of preparing the
Innd we have not learned. Our own practice has
diOered from his. We prepare the land by plow-
ing and harrowing as for corn. Then mark or fur-
row out about four feet apart. ITien put in the
drill five or six cords of good compost per acre —
level down the surface of the compost with a hoe —
then sow thick, putting perhaps throe bushels of
seed per acre. The seed is scattered so as to
give a belt of plants nearly one foot w;de on each
drill : the plants stand very thick. The land is
tilled as much as for potatoes in drills. As soon
as the spindles are fairly opened, we begin to cut,
and each evening take to the barn as many as will
be wanted for the stock that evening and the next
morning. Thus we continue until all are consum-
ed. Had lie more than were required for use in
a green state, we should cut up before the frost
had taken much hold of the leaves, bind in bun-
dles and cure in the field, as the top stalks are
usually cured.

In order to have this green feed in a good state
from August to October, the parts of the tiela
should be planted at three or four ditTerent times
from the first of I\lay up to the middle of June.
Even later than that will do in many seasons. We
have seen good crops upon svvard land from which
a crop of. hay was taken about the first of July:
tlie land was then plowed and sowed. Should the
autumn be warm, the corn thus sowed would give
a good yield of fodder.

The ilartwell corn has too small a stalk for tliis
purpose. The Southern corns do well. Even the
Jiumbug Chinese Tree Cora gives a noble stalk, of
very good quality Eo.

deserving of far more attention than it has yet re- ]
ceived, that in order to preserve the productiveness '
of the potato, the tubers sliould be planted whole.

The ratinnak of this theory, although'often ridi-
culed, is too obvious to every reflecting raind, to
admit of a moment's doubt. |

Any one who will make the experiment, will
find that both the productiveness, and, indeed, all
the more valuable properties of this invaluable es-
culent, are deteriorated by the continuance of the
practice t') winch I allude.

It is probably true, nevertheless, that in insola-
tcd and solitary cases, a large and abundant crop
may be produced from slips; and in many instan-
ces, perhaps, the depreciation of the crop would be
of less consequence than the expense of planting
whole ones — particularly when they are scarce and
difficult to be obtained.

But as a general thing, a few dollars extra in
the e.ypense of seed, will be amply repaid in the
future crop. If a farmer has a valuable variety of
potatoes, there is no possible way in which he can
sooner destroy it, than by planting slips, and none
in which he can more elTectually preserve its valu-
able characteristics, so far as productiveness and
eating qualities are involved, than by planting the
potatoes whole. H. D. WHITE.

Windham, Me., AprH 7, 1842.

'J

From the Northern Light.

For the N. E. Farmer

POTATOES.

It will not be questioned, I think, by any one
who has taken the trouble of experimenlini' in re-
lation to the subject, that whole potatoes are much
morevaluablt for seed than when divided into
Blips or parts. The saving, however, effected by
the latter practice, often operates as an induce-
ment to its adoption with many, whose experience
would seem to dictate the superior benefit of tlio
opposite course ; and hence it is that some of our
best and most experienced farmers are frequently
heard to complain that their potatoes are fast de-
preciating and "running out."

It is a fact, I believe, and one certainly that is

WINTER BUTTER.
Every person at all familiar with the process of
making butter, is well aware of the difficulty at-
tending the success of making it in the winter. It
is generally known, too, that butter made at this
season of the year, is very white, crumble.', and is
deficient bolli in flavor and color, and not consid-
ered fit for the table. This arises partly from tho
cows being kept, as they generally are at this sea-
son of the year, upon dry food, and partly from not
managing the milk rightly.

In tho statement of Mr Merrifield, who took the
second premium for butter at the late meeting of
the State Agricultural Society, ho says "In win-
ter our milk stands twelve hours, is then removed
to t)ie stove, and scalded over a slow fire to near
boiling licat; the pans removed to the cellar to
cool ; the cream only churned : the butter placed
in the coolest part of the housn, will keep good any
length of time." His butter was much admired for
its rich yellow color and fine flavor, but I should
thing the scalding process rather tedious and trou-
blesome.

On perusing the 7th edition of " Mowbray on
Poultry," a few days since, I found the following
process, as practiced in some parts of England,
which struck me very favorably, and I was deter-
mined to try some experiments. Tho following is
the process, as detailed in the above work, which I
have transcribed, as it may not be in tho hands of
all the readers of this journal.

" .1 peculiar process," says iMowbray, "of ex-
tracting cream from milk, by which a superior rich-
ness is produced in the cream, has long been known
in Devonshire ; this produce of the dairies of that
country being well known to every one by the
name of' clotted' or 'clouted cream.' As there is
no peculiarity in the milk from which this fluid is
extracted, it has been frequently a matter of sur-
prise that the process has not been adopted in oth-
er parts of the kingdom. A four-sided vessel is
formed of zinc plates, 12 inches long, 8 inches

wide, end C inches deep, with a false bottom
one half the depth. The only communication wi
the lower compartment is by tln' lip, through whli
it may be filled or emptied. Having first placi
at the bottom of the upper compartment a plate <!
perforated zinc, tlie area of which is equal to thi
of the false bottom, a gallun of milk is poured (in -
mediately when drawn from the cow) into it, a> P'
must remain there at rest for twelve hours; ( t
equal quantity of boiling water must then be poure
into the lower compartment, through the lip ; it
then permitted to stand twelve hours more (thatk
twentyfour hours altogether); when tho cream
be found perfect, and of such consistence that
whole may be lifted off by Ihe finger and tlmml
It IS, however, more eSectually removed by t;cnil
raising the perforated plate of zinc from the bnttoi
by the ringed handles, by which means the whol
of the cream is lifted off in a sheet, without remis
ing any part of it with the milk belon. Witi th
apparatus 1 have instituted a series of experui • nt(
and :i3 a mean of twelve successive ones, I ooiaii
cd the following results : — 4 gallons of milk, tretfi
ted as above, produced in twentyfour hours, 4 t
pints of clotted cream, which, after churning ool
15 minutes, gave 40 oz. of butler; — 4 gallons i
milk treated in the common mode, in earthern pan
and standing 46 hours, produced 4 pints of ( r.an
which, after churning ninety minutes, gave .'il o;
of butter. The increase in the quantity of creio
therefore, is 12 1-2 per cent, and of butler 11 pt
cent."

From the above hints, I caused a pan to li
made, three and an half inches deep, and v»r
flaring; another made six inches high on the sid
and not so flaring, and just largo enough to receiv
the other pan, and then carefully soldered togcth(
at the top. Two short tubes were soldered inl
the lower pan, one about one inch in diameter, f(
pouring in the water, the other tube very small, t
the opposite side, to let the air escape when ai
mitting the water, and also to admit the air wh«
the water is to be turned out.

With this apparatus I commenced a series'
experiments, and the following are the results:

Experiment 1. Strained 11 lbs. of milk frei
drawn from the cow into Ihe pan ; after letting
stand twelve hours, put four quarts of boiling wall
into the under pan, ami secured the aperture wit
a cork. Thirtysix hours after, the cream was cm
fully taken off, b.-ing very thick and tough, ondi
a fine yellowish color. Twelve hours after, it wi
churned with a spoon, which occupied seven mi
nutes, and produced 5 oz. of butter.

Ezperimrnt 2. The same quantity of milk wi
put into the same pan, and after standing tweir
hours, four quarts of boiling water was inlroducei
and suffered to stand twentyfour hours, when :
was skimmed, and immediately churned, whic
took eleven minutes to convert it into butter. Pre
duce, t) oz.

Erpriimcnt 3. The same quantity of milk fre«l
drawn from the cow, was put into the pan — sloe
twelve hours, when four quarts of boiling waterwj
introduced, as before, and after standing tireh
hours longer, was carefully skimmed, and tweh
hours afterwards was converted into butter in*"
minute. Produce, 7 oz.

The throe parcels were put together, and afti
being well worked, they weighed, with a comoic:
I pair of steelyards, 1 1-4 lb., being a fraction \tf
I than y 1-2 quarts of milk to produce one pound'
I butter; and it is my opinion, had it all been au^

\cil.. \S.NO. 4 1.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

325

n, mc.h...l tho be*.. nndT'oo «>.•« fo /earn, .nocr. I oul ihc nourinhmcnl from iho cnrtl. ; thoy h.d

' ■ refore all the bonolit of tlic b<ii1, kept moiil and

:oiiiUed for by the difficully of weighing ao snii

iinnlily with the steelyards.

ili;ifrimf)i< 4. Strained II lbs. of milk fresh

»iih the results,

A writer inono of the old volumes of the New
England Farmer snys, in regard to the color and

llio cow, into n pan of the sanio size, and after ij^vor of butter, ''to correct both thcso evils, tak
ndin;j ihirtysix hours, it was carefnljy skimmed, f^yj yellow carrots, of uboul one and a half inches
1 tlic same process adopted as before to convert ' j,, Ji-nneter, to cream enough to make ten pounds
nto butter. .\Ft<'' diligently working at it !>0 I „f butter, and aftor washing them, grate and cover
it was no go," or in dairy language, "it , them with milk, and ofler thoy have stood ten mi-
nutes, squeeze them through a cloth into the cream,
and the effect has been to make the butter come
'imcker, imd give the color and swcdntss [.'] of
.May butler." Mrs D., who sits at my elbow, sug-
gests as an improvement on the above, to give the
carr:)ts to the cows, in sutficienl quantities, and

uld not como." We then tried to coax it, by
nine in a small quantity of cold water ; then

d hot water, but it was of no use. It was then
; by for twelve hours, ind then tried again, and
working it for half an hour, it was given up

despair: "come it trouW not," and so we con

mpart a fine color to the butter, and even add a
richer flavor — that substance, and not coloring -mat-
ter, is required to give much flavor.

C N. BEMENT.
Three Hills Farm, Mhanxj, March, 1843.

From ihe Farmer's Cabiaet.

ded to let it "go to the" cook. One other ; rg.,j,|y believes that, used in that form, they will

perimenl, on the same principle as the foregoing, i ,
8 afterwards tried, and the result the same; af- '
churning the cream sixty minutes, it was frothy,
d had the appearance of whip-syllabuh more than

thing else that 1 can compare it to.
Two other e-xperiments were tried on the "high
ssure" or hot water principle, which resulted
)Ut the same as Nos. 2 and 3, e.xcept the time
nautned in churning — one being four and the
ler seven minutes. The difference was caused,
obably, by the temperature of the weather.
ISince writing the above, we have tried two more
iperiments, with tl'.e same quantity of milk, after
nding twelve hours, and then adding the hot
.ter ; one was churned immediately, which took
,-en minutes — produce, 8 oz. The other was
uriied twelve hours after skimming, and was cou-
rted into butter in 10 1-2 minutes — produce, 8 oz.
these two experiments, the quantity is conside-
jly increased, being ai the rate of 1 lb. to 8 qls.
milk.

From the above experiments, I am well satisfied
the great advantage arising from this process,
d have no doubt but a great saving may be made,
d i^ood buller produced, even in the coldest
eather. And I would recommend it particularly
those who only keep one or two cows, as by this
eans a small family could be supplied with their
tter. And I am also satisfied that it is the best
on tolct it stand only twentyfour hours, and churp
^mediately after skimming.

I would suggest an improvement, which I intend |

adopt, in the pans, which would be a saving of
pense, besides some trouble in washing and
ying the pans. Let the under, or water pans,
! straighter on the Bides, and as much smaller as

strike the upper, or milk pan, about one inch
om top, and fit tight, so that the steam will not
icape, having a small tube inserted in the side,
r admitting the hot water, and a small hole on
0 other side to let off the air, as in the one before
eiitioned. Being separate, they can bo washed
id. dried.without ditficuliy.

Butter is one of the staple productions of our
tate, and every hint that serves to improve its
jality or increase its quantity, must be useful,
here are various methods of making butter, and
icre is certainly a vast difference in its quality

arc annually

Thu potato I consider so valuable and indispen-
sable a vegetable, and having never seen a Huggei-
titin in print of separating tho potato ond planting
each by itself, that 1 have been induced to send
you this imperfect and hastily drawn up communi-
cation. Perhaps you may think it worthy a plice
in the Farmers' Cabinet, and if so, should bo pleas-
ed to hear that some of its patrons will try the ex-
periment of planting separately each part of the
tuber, believing that the potato may be much im-
proved by a due regard to tho above suggestion.

Lancaster, Feh.W, 1842. ' " "

J. F. H.

Prom t^fv Albapy Cullivalor.

THE POTATO.
Mr Editor — It is perhaps not. generally known
to the subscribers of the Fanners' Cabinet, that in
the potato there are two parts, which, if separated
and planted at tlie same time, one will produce tu-
bers fit for the table eight or ten days earlier than
the other. 'Ihia fact has fallen under my own ob-
servation, and is the plan I now pursue in order to
obtain an early supply for my table, fine and very
mealy. The apex or small end of the potato,
which is generally full of eyes, is that part which
produces the earliest — the middle or body of the
potato produces later, and always large ones. The
butt or naval end is worthless,, except for feeding
stock, and if platUed produces very indifferent small
ones, and often none at all, the eyes, if any, being
imperfectly formed. The potato being cut two
weeks before planted, and spread on a floor, that
the wounds may heal, separating the small end
from the middle, then cutting off the navel or butt,
the body or middle of the potato is then dividod
into two pieces lengthwise, taking care to have al-
ways the largest and finest selected, being con-
vinced that if none but large potatoes are planted,
large ones will be ognin produced : — small things
produce small things again, and therefore no small
potatoes should be planted. This practice is too
prevalent, and may account for the many varieties
and small potatoes met with in our markets. Who
would not prefer a large mealy potato to 8 smi^ll
one, that will take hours to boil soft, and then may
only be fit to feed the cattle with ?.

For several years past I haw- adopted the plan
of putting potatoes into the ground late in the fall,
covering them with manure, sometimes with tan-
ners' waste bark, and always have succeeded in
raising a fine early crop. Last fall I had taken up
some as fine and large Mercer potatoes as any one
could wish : they were covered with tan six inches
lere 1, «r...„.y . va». uu..r.,.v.c... .., h|--"v- jhick the preceding fall :-many weighed sixteen
ine cause of this difference may be ascribed to '" 1^ "..i.. ..,->„; „„.n.,nn was be-

■ne cause 01 mis uiiiercnce may ue asi-nu'-u lu ■ - , ,, ,■„,_.,, \,o

, , r 1 u u .1 „ r-,.1 ounces. No parlicular care or attention was be-

le herbage or food upon which the cows are fed, "" ^ . i ,u „. ii,„ t»n nm

m . , c ,. u . ,„ „^„„ stowed upon them through the summer, the tan not

le breed of cows, or the season ; but more gene- . i' , . , i.i„ ,i,^^ «r t^ Ar«vr

,, ■ .. . r- .1 ;„b. k;., permittinj any weeds to trouble them, or to draw

il y in the management Every one tliinks his i"-"'"" ° '

ON REARING CALVES.
Mtssrs. Gaylord &f Tucker— X). B. C. in the first
No. of your ninth volume, wishes information on
the treatment of calves for the butcher or for rear-
ing. I do not say 1 know the best way ; but from
some experience I can inform him of a good one.
For the butcher, I let them take all the milk they
will from the cow (and if one does notgive enough,
I give them more) till they are five or six weeks
old ; keep them in a close dark place, clean and
dry, and they never fail of being good. For rear-
ing, I take them from the cow soon after they are
dropped, and feed them with new milk for the two
or three first weeks. I then set my milk from
morning till night, take off the cream, boil potatoes
or beans, and mash ihein fine, and put them with
1 the milk, adding a very little salu I feed them
with that food till tliey are twelve or thirteen weeks
old, when I begin to wean them by reducing the
quantity ; at the same time put a trough in their
pasture, where I put dry oats, and ihcy soon learn
to eat them— one pint per day each through the
summer. In the fall, or first of foddering time, I
feed them that mess morning and evening. Through
the winter, feed hay, corn fodder, oats in sheaf,
and when the weather is not extremely cold, give
them a few potatoes, carrots or turnips, with plen-
ty of clean water and salt, and be sure to protect
them from all inclement weather. In the spring, I
turn them in pasture with other cattle — no extra
care. My hcilers never fail to come in at two
years uld as large as my neighbors' are at three.
Be the feed what it will, thi-y have a plenty. If
my cattle from any cause get troubled with lice, I
have a remedy which I have never seen in the Cul-
tivator. I keep 3 box of fine dry sand in my barn,
and if I discover any lice on them, I put it on from
back of the horns the whole length of their back a
few times: it has never failed to effect a cure. It
may be observed that cattle, or any animal that has
free access to the ground, are seldom troubled with
lieu in summer.

If you think the above remarks worth notice,
they arc yours. I hare used many words to con-
vey a few ideas, but I could not make them plainer
with less. I have been for several years a careful
reader of your paper, and surely 1 have derived
much benefit from what I have learned from others'
experience. LEWIS NUMAN.

Glen's Falls, Feb. 14, 1842.

S26

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRILM, ig^e

AWn HORTICULTDRAL RKQI9TER.

BoiTOi«, Wed5ksdat, April 13, 1842.

NOW TO THE WORK.

Tlie time has come to ktiep the team nt the plow and
harrow— to bo throwir)g over the dung heaps— to bo
getting in itie spring groin.

At the plow and the h.-jrrow, liave n tenm bo strong
that it can move f.irward at a vigoroui pace without be-
ing worried. In clear land, with the furrow a foot wide,
let the team travel fast enough to plow one acre in. from
seven to eight hours. If properly fird, your team will
do the spring work easier ut this pace than at the slow
gait which tuk.s from eleven to twelve liours for the
acre. Lot the u\eii be fed airly in the morning— taJic
ihem out at a little past six— give them an hour andan
half at noon to feed, and return them to the barn as
early as six o'clock. Feed well with good hay and
some grain— keep the team well littered and well c.rdod.
Stir the land deep— stir the whole of it— and have it
well pulverized before you put in the seed. The har-
row may lug the team, but it is an implement that does
much to increase the crops, if it is heavy— if its teeth
are made to penetrate deep, and if it be drawn ovnr the
land both Kays. Any slighting of this work will be re-
compensed veiatiously at hoeing time, and will bo com-
plained of by the growing crop.

Now dig up tho sod by the wall or fence, which the
plow cannot get hold of— stop the bushes from growing
there— if ihc-y have possession already, cut them down
and dig op the roots. Here is the best soil in the field :
It has been enriched not only by the snows and dust
which have lodged there, but by the alkali of the rocks
which compose the wall. Appearance too— the looks
of the ihing— isa reason for digging up all bushes and
planting your crops close to the fence. JVeat and tho-
rough work is best.

The Manure heaps. Let them ho well thrown over-
well mixed up— well pulverized- before they areapplied
to the land. In this state they are much more effica-
cious than when put upon the land in lumps.

Employers often think it for their interest to keep the
men as many hours as possible in the field. We doubt
the economy of the course. A good laborer knows
what a fair day's work is, and is willing to perform it.
If he knows thai when he has done it, he may leate
the field, he will accomplish it in ten cr el.;vcn hours;
but if he must continue longer than that at his worki
he will soon train himself to that slower movement
which will prevent riie accomplishment of the " fair
day's work " before the hour when he is called from the
field. Tliis will be donii from necessity, rather than
from any deliberate purpose.

HOURS OF WORK.

The principles of our advice in relation lo the speed
of the tenm and the hours for working yimr beasts, are
applicable to your own labor and that of your men.'

We are satisfied from observation as well as experi^
»nce, thai ten hours per day, in the field, are enough—
(the care of the stock to prcceile end follow.) In ten
hours each day, diligently improved, most ninii will ac-
complish as much work as they can by extending tho
hours of work beyond that number. Jn other word*
we know of no other farms on which so much labor is
accomplished in a s.a.on by a given number of hands,
Bi on those where about ten hours prr day are spent in
the field in vigorous and dilij.out labor. W« know
many who work twelve or thirteen hour.— but they
work more slowly, and do not accomplish a greater
amount of work than those who take two hours more
for rest.

If one is lazy, or if his natural motions are very slow,
it may take him more than ten hours lo perform a fair'
dsy'iwork; he mujt make up in lime what he lacks'
in despatch. |

On all farms, circumslaneea will occnsionnlly make it
desirable lo work more hours than wo have named, on I
some particular days; but not ordinarily Wo go upon
tho presumption that one is lo heep at tcerfc- busily and I
vigorously ai work. I

SEEDING DOWN TO GRASS.

I Much land is annually seeded down by sowing grass
seed along with spring grain. The convenience of ihU
course will cause it to be continued in,- though it is at-
tended with much danger of loss.

Six or eight lbs. of clover seed, twelve quarts of timo-
thy or herds grass and three pecks of redtop, is a com-
mon seeding; but farmers would do well to increase
the quantity of lierdsgrass. This is the most important
kind of seed, because clover in most instances will come
in, even where no seed has been sown. And the red-
top will not generally make its appearance until the
third or fourth season, in considerable quantities. It is
tho time between the clover and the rodlop— that is,
the second and third years of the giase crop, that the
besi yield is obiained, provided the herdsgrass takes
well. To secure its taking well, or rather to increase
the chance, of its doing so, it is well to put on a large
quantity of seed. On moist and rich lands, we prefer
sowing the herdsgiass without either clover or redtop.

Many farmers are accustomed lo give the grass seed
only s slight covering of earth ;— they sow upon the
furrows made in plowing in the grain, or upon the une-
ven surface left by the cultivator or the teeth of the har-
row, ind ihen cover by merely brushing or rolling.
Thus placed, tho seed will vegetate, but we have not
found it bearing the heats, and drought of summer so
well as when tho seed is placed deeper. We put the
grass seed as deep as wo do the gmin.

More care than is otien taken to make the surface
smooth, will be amply repsid by the greater convenience
in mowing and raking for the three, four or five subse-
quent years.

THE FENCES.
Ifit has not been done already, take up those rotten
posls in tho fence down at tho lower end of the field,
and put in eom« new ones ;— put in whole rails in the
place of the broken ones ;— put up tho draw bars all
sround tho premises ;— mend the gaps in the wall wher-
ever the frosts or vagrants, whether biped or quadruped,
havh thrown it down. Get every lot secure, for it will
not he long before some neighbor's cows or horse will
be turned ^ut to pick up a hrciikfast in the road, and
they will take iho liberty to lunch and dine in your
fields if the fcoQe (or abseoco of fence) allows thorn cen-
venient entrance

SOAKING. SEED GRAIN.
W'« doubt whothor in ordinary cases any benefit re-
sults from soaking grain, either in water simply, or in
any solution in water; hut if from any cause, one is
kept from putting his in until pssi the proper time, soak-
ing will hasten the germination and help hie crop to
make up for lost time.

EARLY POTATOES.

The potato may be brought forward in its growth, b
putting it where it will sprout well before planting.' ^
good wny of effecting ihe early starting of the sprou'
IS to put some fresh horse dung in a warm and .^helteret!:
spot, and cover this with earth four to six inches thici
Let the dung also be laid five or six inches thick. I,
the earth abov* ilie dung, put as many potatoes as yo Si
want lor tho first planting. Some put Iho potatoes o '^:
Ihe ground and cover wiih the dung. Do not break tb ^
sproiiis when you plant out.

It is said that potatoes of an early kind that wcr
planted late the last season, and had barely time to ripe r
before the frosts of autumn, arobetterfor seed th.nn thojjF.I
that were planted early and matured in August.

Also, it was said at an iigricultural meeting at thi *'
State House, that a gentleman in Pittsfield has ascer '
tainod by experiment that icdted potatoes will give 81 [
earlier produce than any others.

PEAS.

Early peas may be sprouted and hastened, in the wa* ■

recommended for polntoes. Peas that are planted very, "

early are generally less prolific bearers than those thai. '

are not put into the ground ur.til the earth is warm. Kop '

I all early vegetables use none but well rotted manure.

[ RADISHES.

U you plant these in an old garden, cover the bed
with two or three inches of sand or fine gravel, and put
ahalfpiiit of salt on each square yard. In this way
you icay hope lo keep Ihe worms from yourf lanU.

CURCULIO AND CANKER-WORM.

An experienced cultivator of fruits and flowers, Mr
Carter, of the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, informs ut
ihatfresh cow dung mixed with pitch and sulphur and
Ihen thoroughly dried, may be placed under the trees in
calm weather and set fire to. The mixture will burn
slowly, and its offensive smoke will bring down the
cutculio and the canker worm. Scraps of leather, or
any other matters that will give out an offensive odor
may be put in the mixture. '

The irealise of our respected correspondent at North-
cinplon, will appear in our next.

MESSRS. GARRETSON AND PRINCE.

Two weeks since, we gave some extracts from a leU
ter by Mr Prince, of Flushing, L. I., complaining of M»
Garrelson's advertisement in our coUimns. Mr GarreU
son pronounces ihe quotations wc gnvc from Mr P 't
I letter, " base falsehood.'' 1I« aays that the land he ob-
tamed from Mr P. consists of "rising 22 acres, and c.r-
tunly not over one acre has as yet been used for sireeti
and town lots; and I maintain every ihing set forth in
I my adverlisemonl is strictly correct " Mi G. refers to
[various gentlemen in Flushing, near the premises, (J.
llarrisKing, Esq., E. W. Lawrence, and others.) 'who
he says ate disinterested, and would give a different ac-
count of the mailer from Mr Prince's.

We know nothing as to the merits of the case between
these nurserymen, and we presume our readers lake no
interest in it; and having noticed the oppositn sidet
about equally, we must close our columns «g.i„,t ,„.
thing more upon the subject.

Nothing is high because il is high in rank, and noth-
ing I. low bccauee il is low in Me.-Dickens' .•ipeech at
Hartford.

Pride, like the magnet, eonslantlj points lo one ob-
jrct, self; but unlike Ihe mognet, il has no atlractiv*
pole, but alall poinU repoli.— -Lacon.

VOL. XT. KO. «1.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T V. R A L R R G I S T E R .

827

TllK.llMO.MF.TRlCAl.
UolM'llrilfur Ihr New Kii|lnna Intincr.
iiigf ->f ihr Diermoinrtcritt (lir (i]«r(!etuirtlie propriolor*
Iw .New tln^lanil farmer, Ilri|{hlun, Mkm. in ■> •katlol
thi>rl\ nx|H»iir«. fur Ihewepk aixlinK April 10. !

(JOOMKIIKKHV III HIIK.H.

JOSKI'H IIKI'.CK A: CO , Ii«tc ricnvinl n prime lot ol
C^outolirrry liiishrs tpiia Scotlnml of iho fliicsl TarieliM. ,
For »alc nt ii 37 pt>r ilozcn, ot ditierciit sorts.

Iloklnn, April 19.

reh, 1S42.

nilty,

•»<l.iy.

dru-Mlay,

UMt.y,

dav,

|fi,A.M. I 12, M. I «i,l'..M. I Wind

id..

4

38

40

36 1

G

36

36

36

6

3S

63

61

T

46

49

43

8-

4a

43

40

n

3S

39

3S

10

34

43

43 i

itIliH fO.N .M.ARKKT.— Mo.M.»», .\pril 11, IIM2.

Knxirlfiir..riri« .N.-\v Knjianil F»rmpr.
M M.irltcl 2t">0 B«p| Cattle, 31) pairs Working oxen,
C.iws nnd CaJTOs, 100 Sliei'p, ami IT.SO Swino.
'Kiirs — Rtef Cuttle Laisl weeks price; wero fully
.iiiiej. \Vu quota first i|ualitv, $>'> 75 a G 00. Sec-
qualily, $5 00 a 5 50. '1 liitd quality, $4 25 a

forking OxCTi.— Sales, 70, 84, 95, 10.5, and $110,

ITS and Calta. Sales 23, 24, 25 and $32.
A«f/).— Lots, 3 25, $3 50. A fine lul Corset weslh-
at about 7.

r. — Lot£ to peddle, from 3 1-4 to 4 for sows, and
1 4 1-4 !■> 5 for barrows. \\ retnil, from 4 1-2 to C.

Ml'CK AIANUAl..

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Mucic Man-
ual for Fanaora. By Dr S. L. Oana; price tl.
Uoslon, April 13.

WHOLES.4LE PRICKS CURRENT.

Corrected icith great aire, teeeklij.
SEDS. Herds Grass, fl« 6? to 3 00 perliushel. Red Top,
I 60 cents. Clover— Northern, II to 13c.— Southern, 10
;. Flax Seed, 61 60 to 1 ,-55 bu. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb.
r)- Seed, S3 .iO a -t 00 per l>ush«l.
RAIN. The principal operations comprise yellow flat,
Mc. and one lot do, weiching 112 a 113 lbs to the Laf;,
jer bushel; a cargo North Carolina, 33 1 2c. free of
rfaje, and Rappahannock 59c per bushel ; Oats, Dela-
■,i<> a ITc; Rye Northern, 70 « 73c per lushel

)rn— Northern, bushel — to do. Round Vellow —

— <lo. Sojlhcrn Flat Yellow 66 a — —White do. 69 a —

irloy — a Rye, Northern, "0 a — — Oats, Soulh-

15 a 47— North«rn do. 48 to 50— Beans, per bushel 75
0.

,OUR. The general operations of the week have been :
ard street, 80 a C 12 1-2: 300 bhls. Baltimore wharf,
i 31 a 3 75 per hbl, cash : 300 bbls. Fredericksburg,
mos ; 100 do do t6 12 1-2.4 mos ; 300 do Richmond
\1, S6 1-16, cash ; 200 do do, 86 25,4 mos; Georgtlown,
5 do do.

■Itimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 86 12 a lio,

•f, 45 37 a — do. free of garlic, S6 00 a 6 12— Phila-
lia do. 4 mos. SC 00 a 0 12— Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4
86 00 a 6 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain,— 85 67 a
Georgetown, 86 12 a 6 25 — Richmond Canal, 86 12 a
-do. City, 86 75— Peiersburgh. City Mills, 86 23 a 6 37
. Country 85 87 a 6 00— Genesee, common, cash, 36 62 a

- do fancy brands 86 75 a Ohio via Canal,

• a 6 37— Indian Meal in bhls., 83 00 a 3 25-
tOVISIONS. The sales by auction have been 175 bbls
tern Clear Pork at 81 1 23 per bbl, 4 mos ; 200 do Mess
J5 a 8S 50 ; 333 do Prime, S6 12 I -2 do ; 33 do Clear,
a 810 .^0 do; 20 do Shoulders, 84 75 do; 300 do West-
•rimi! Beef 34 a 4 12 1 2 do ; 50 do dodo, 82 62 1-2 do;
. do. Mess do, 87 a 7 37, do, 4 mos ; 53 bbls Mess Pork,
8 a 7 6-3 ; 63 do do. 87 1 -2 per bbl cash.
;l— Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. S'j 00 a 9 50— Navy— 83 00 a
No. 1 , 87 25 a 7 60— do Prime 84 T5 0 5 00— Pork—
I clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a — — do Clear 811 a —
M'ss 89 25 a 3 50 —do Prime 65 00 a 7 00— do Mess
other Slates 8 26 a 3 «o.

DOL. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex-
tion shall not exceed 3 cts. per pound, free. All where-
; valuK exceeds acts, per pound, 33 per ct. ad. val. and
. per pound.

me or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 60 c. — Amer-
fuU blood, do 43 a 45— Do. 3-4 do 33 a 40— Do. 1-2 do
35 — 1-4 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep,
ed, 20 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do
) — Saxonj, clean, — Buenos Ayree unpicked, 7 a 10 —
o. picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37
-No. I do. do. do. 34 a 36 — No. 2 do do do 24 a 20—
I In dodo 13 a 20.

)PS. A lot of 2S bales New-Hampshire, 1st sort sold
per lb, on 4 mos cr.

sort, Mass. 1841 per lb 8 a 10 2d do do do 6 a 3.

[lY, per ton. 813 to 22- Eastern Screwed 819 to —
lEEsE — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New S to3.
iGS, 12 a 16.

SllLDKRIlIKS POR SILK, AND OTHRK

TKKKS. I

FLUrtllING, L. I. NEAri NEW YORK. >

W.M. R. I'RINCE, olT.-rs for sale at the Lin- I
niiian Botanic Gnnlen and Nurseries, luo.ciiiiil
Midbcrry trees of the linesl kinds for the silk I
culture nt 830 per thousand and at a credit that i
will enatile the purchaser to pay for them, nut
"I ihe silk produced. They consist of the splendid new Cir-
cassian, .Multicaulis, Eipansa, Elala, Alpine, Moreiti, nnd
Hroussa varieties. Also the usual immense assortment of

FRUIT AND ORNAMtNTAL TREES

and Shrubbery, (ireenhoiise Plants, Bullions Roots, Splen-
did Dahlias, ami Garden Seeds. The New Catalogues with
very reduced prices will be sent gratis, to all who apply,
post paid, and on all orders enclosing cash or a draft for Iho
amount, a discount of 10 per cent will be allowed.

N. B. The Plums, Cherries, Peaches, and most other
Fruit Trees are of large size, as well as the Onianienial
Trees and Shrubs, and the Plums are budded on Plum
stocks. April 6.

SEKD BARLEY, AND OATS.

For sale at No. 52 North Market St., a prime lot of S»ed
Barley. Also English Oats. J. BRECK & CO.

Boston, April 6.

APPliB STOCKS.

#The subscribers offer for sale 10,000 fine Apple
Stocks two years old.
JOSEPH BRECK & CO. No. 51 North Market
St. Boston.- Apri>6.

APPLE SC(ONS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of the following kinds, Baldwin, Greening, River, Porter,
Nonesuch, Pearmain, Sweetings, &.e. i.Vc. Also, a few of
the choice kinds of Pears and Plums. Orders left at J.
BRECK & Co., or at the counting room of the subscriber.
35 Washington St., Boston, or sent by mail, to Brighton, will
be promptly attended to. J.\MES L- L. F. WARREN.

April 6.

PRCIT TREES.

For sale at the Pomniogical Garden. Salem, Mass., a
choice collection of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Pencil
Trees. Also, a great variety Bf Scions cut from fruit bear-
ing Trees. Apply Iry mail to the Snperiniendnnt.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem, April 6, 1842. 3w

GARDEN AND

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.
of Garden and Field Seeds, \
and fresh, as follows :
Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washingtoikdo.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowfat, tStc.
White Altrfngham. Carrot.
Long Orange do.

FIELD SEEDS.

have received t.Seir full supply
hich they warrant to be pure

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurlzcl Beet.
Sugar do.
Long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Ruta Baga.

Turnips in great variety-
Early and Late Bcbcs 'V^
sorts.

FARM IN LEXINGTON .

For sale, a farm in Lexington known as.<he Hastings
Place, containing about 120 acres, adjainiag the Faria of
E. Phinnev The land is of excellent quaJity, well stocked
with fruit trees, and a good supply of voiiiig wood. For
torre« apply at this office, or of E. PHINNEY, living near
tlie premises. Lexington, Feb. 9, 1842.

FRVIT TREES.

A prime lot of large size Apple, Pear, and Plum trees, for
sale by J. BRECK & CO., No. S2 North Market u.
March 30, 1842.

UltASS SEEDS.

Northern and Southern Clover Seed— White Dutch do.
—Lucerne — Herds Grass— Red Top— Orchard Grass- Fowl
Meadow Grass— Oat Grass, &c. Millet, Rape, Canary and
Hemp Seed. Every variety of seed for Agricultural or
Horticultural purposes, may be obtained at the Agricultural
Establishment, No. 62 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have bei'n mnile the past year in the
form and workmansliip ol these Plinighs ; the iiiuuld brarrt
has been so formed as to lai/ the furrow rnriiftlrtely Ofirr,
turning in ctcrij particle 0/ graat or Hul<blr, andicnr'ing the
ffroand in the' best possible manner. The length of tlio
mould board has li< n very mu. h increascrl, so that the
Plough wnrks with the grcntnsl ease, both with respect to
the holding and the team. The Cominiltco at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asl(»d as to which of the Plough*
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say 10
the inquirer, if your lanit is mostly light and easy to work,
try Prouty & Mears, but if your lank is Itcavij, hvd orrocl.tj,
DEom WITH Mb. Howahd'h.''

At the above me'.tioned trial the Howard Plough did
more work, with the same pnccr of learn, than any other
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twentysu.'en
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while the
Howard Plough turned txcenlmiinc and one half incHet . to
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Iloword't
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quiie an iniprnvcmenl made on the shoo,
or laud side of this Plough, which can he renewed witlioul
having to furnish a new lanilside: this shoe likewise secuics
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to8l5. A Ploiiph,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about
810 50, and- with cutter 31, with wheel and cutter, 82 M
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New Eiigland Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stouc,
Nos. 51 & 62 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BREGK &. CO.

FARM FOR SALE,

Situated in Groion, on Fanners' Row, so called, a pleas-
ant road, leadinglo the Academy, one mile from the village.
The farm contains 90 acresof mowing, pasturing, and tillage
land, and in a lair state of cultivation ; also a youn? Or-
chard of grafted ftuil in a thriving condition. There is on
the premises a large two story H'luse, well provided with
B rooms on the ground floor, and a good cellar under the
wliole ; two barns one CO feot by 30, and the other 30 by 26
with cellars under both : sheds and other oiilbiiildines, and
wells of nev^r failing water. Any gentleman wishing to
purchase, will find this a very desirable situation. For ("ar-
iher inlnrmation apply to J. BRECK & CO., No. 51 and
52 North Market St., Boston, to WM. EATON, Sen St.. or
to the subscriber on the premises, JOSHUA T^AToN.

Grotou, March 30, 1642. 3w

FRVIT, ORVA.IIENTAL TREES, <fco.

NURSEnV OF ■WILLIAM KENRICK,

Of Peach, Pear, Plum and Cherry Tree*,
a collection unrivalled in any former year, (or ex-
tensive numbers of fine trees, of new and finest
kinds. Large additions of new, valuable, or
beautiful, are just received from Europe.
Gooseberries of first quality, Apples, (luinces, Grape
Vines, Raspberries, Currents, Strawberries, &c. The new
abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1842, will be sent to
»l! who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses —
of Tree Paeonies, of Hcibarcous PsEonies, and other flower-
ing Plants- of double Dahlias, &c., Rhubarb of first rata
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, 6ic.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will tie securely
packed in mats and ninss for safe transport to all distant
]daces by land or sea, and delivered in the city free of charge,
for transportation by the wagon which is sent thither daily,
or orders may be left at the stand, at No. 44 Congress street.

Boston.
March 9.

WILLIAM KENRICK
Nonautum Hill, Newtnn.
ept 12th June

CAMBRIDGEPOKT M'RSERY.

SA.MUEL POM). Nurseryman, Columbia
street, Cambridgeport, Slass, Has for sale a
choice assortmciil of FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, R O O T S , and VINES,
among them are the best varieties of Apple,
Pear, I'lum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grapevines, Asparagus,
Rhubarb, Pear stocks, Apple do.. Plum do. .Currants, Goose-
berries. Raspberries, &c. Trees of an extra size always on
hand. March 23.

328

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL 13, 184 a.

MISCELLANEOUS

From ibo Deliwaie Gazette.

A LAMENT.
Ye lit;te binle how con je sing,

So blithe and gnv, while I "m so sad ?
Your swcelcst notes no longer bring

^ song to make my liosoni glad.

Oh, cease your songs, ye little ones —
It pains my heart to hear ynu now ;

Since her fifr whom my bosom burns.
Hath gone to where wo all muat go :

For now the cold and silent^ravo

Holds all that was to me so dear ;
And I am left alone tu grieve

O'er blighted hopes in sad despair.

Yes, she \a gone, and I 'm alone,

With none to cheer my aching heart,

For who can please when llioy are gone
That have our bosom's choicest parti'

But God hath willed it so to be.

And blessed be his holy name;
Yet while 1 live I 'II think of tbce,

And love forever still the same.

Then sing away, ye little ones,
And lit your notes be wafted high.

Since her for whom this bosom mourns,
Huth gone to sing beyond the sky ;

While I am left alone to mourn,
O'er joys that havo forover pass'd —

Yet still 1 feel within me burn,
A hope that we shall meet at last.

Dangerous Effects of Keeping Ground Coffee. —
The practice of keeping coffee roasted and ground,
ready for occasional use, seems to be injurious to
its aroma ; but it is not that which is to bo feared,
but its spontaneous combustion. There is a re-
markable expprimpnt of M. Georgi, which shows
clearly that ground coffee is liable to internal de-
composition. He roasted a quantity of coffee till
brown, and without grinding it, tied it up in linen

nothing followed. He then ground two pounds

of roasted coffee to powder, and tied it up similarly :
in three quarters of an hour it took fire, and cotitin-
iied burning until it was reduced to ashes, which
weighed half an ounce. Here was not only inter-
nal decomposition, but a highly dangerous one.
He made similar trials with roasted barley and
rice, and with the same results. These experi-
ments were executed in order to elucidate the
cause of the mysterious burning of a frigate in the
port of Cronstadt, when no tire had been in her for
Bovcral days. — Cabinet Cyclopedia.

daughter of the thirtythird son, who was himself an
old man when his youngest brother came into be-
ing, while his only sister, the last born, was of
course still younger. Although her father was thrice
married, Mr Cook's wife was the sixteenth child by
the same mother. At the time of her birth, the
father was 70 years of age, and became the sire of
four more sons and daughters, all of whom survived
at the time of his licath. The precise date is not
given, but even his span seems to have extended to
110 years Jihtrdeen Comtittitional.

AVII.LIS'S LATEST IBIPROVEa> SEKD SOWK

She's no a bad body after a\ — In the Glasgow
police court, on Tuesday week, a middle-aged man
was placed at the bar, charged with striking bis
wife — who, however, did not appeor against him.

Court. — Did you strike your wife, sir?

Prisoner. — No — that is to say, 1 do n't do it of-
ten !

Court (with increased severity.) — Are you, then,
in the habit of striking your wife .'

Prisoner No just in the habit either, but some.

time I do't: but we 'gree weel enough for a' that
(Laughter.)

Court. — That 's Irish friendship, to agree by
fighting. (Loud laughter.)

Prisoner. — She has an awfu' provoking tongue,
and I dinna ken, sir, if you could stand it yoursel'.
(Continued laughter.)

Court. — Nothing can justify your striking your
wife.

Prisoner. — 'Deed, sir, I 'm just beginning to
think that ; and now, when she 's no come forward
against me, a.'id when I remember a' her bite o'
ways, od, sir, she 's no a bud body, after a'. (Roars
of laughter.) — Glasgow Gaz.

" Why do 'nt you strike one of your size ?" as
the tenpenny nail said to the sledge-hammer.

AGRIOULTUKAL IDIPLEAIKNTS, «.o

The I'roprielors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 52 North Market street,
would inform llioir customers and the piilihc ijeHerally that
tliey have on hand the most extensive assortment of Agri-
cultuiul and Horticultural Tools to he fouud in the United
Slates. Part o( which are the following :

Longevity and Fecundity Extraordinary. — The
following array of facts which would have aston-
ished Dr. Makhijs, and perhaps thrown liim into a
fit of the ague, are taken from the note-book of a
commercial traveller, who obtained his information
from a most respectable quarter, during a recent
visit to Lancashire: — " Old Peter M'Gee, died at
Whitehaven, in 1700, aged 108. His wives, eight
in number, corresponded with the odd years of his
pilgrimage, and by these he had the extraordinary
issue of Jtftythree sons and one daiiglder ! My in-
formant, Mr Cook, painter, Garstang, married a

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels.

Iron Ploughs.

160 " Common do.

300 Common do. do.

100 " Spades.

500 " Gro.ss Scythes.

2(10 Cultivators.

100 Orccne's Straw Cutters.

.300 " Patent Snuilhs.

cn Willis' do. do.

200 " Common do.

1011 Common do. do.

600 " Hay Rakes.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden do.

Shcllers.

200 " Manure Forks.

GO Common do do.

300 " Hiiy do.

2u0 Willis' Seed Sowers.

COO Pair Trace Chains.

on " Vegetable Cutters

100 " Truck do.

50 Common do. do.

100 Draft do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

600 Tie up do.

200 tirain Cradles.

60 doz. Halter do.

100 Ox Yokes.

1000 yards Fence do.

1500 Doz- Scythe Stones.

25 Grind Stones on rollers.

3000 '' Austin's Rifles.

March 17.

poudrette:.

600 Hnrrels Poudrctle may he bod on application to the
suhscrihcr, at Si per barrel ot Ji'ur hushcls coch — delivered
on hoard of vessel in this city. Orders by mail, enclosing
the money will be |ironiptly attended to, if received soon by
D. K. MINOK, Agent, 120 Nassau St., New York.

Jan,«, 1842.

strn oiAM.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moire's, Sun Dials, n
very ncol an.l useful arliule for the purpose ofgiving the time
of dn» in the garden or field. Price 76 cents. For sale hy
J. BRl-:CK «• CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept I.

In usiny lliis inacliinc, tin- ianiicr muy be ceitaiiitl
his seed is put into the ground, and at' the same tii
in tlie best possible m.inner. There has been a gr<
difficulty in maihines for sowinj; garden seeds; tb
arc very .npl to clog up, and the farmer might go over
acre of hind and not sow a single seed ; but not sow
this ; it is HO constructed that it cannot possibly cli
In using this snwcr, the farmer can save one lialf
his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter I
expense ot the coniinon way of sowing, and have
done in a much better manner; it opens the fur
drops the «cid, covers it over and rolls them d
It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Os)
Miing^l Wurizel, Turnips. Carrou. Beels, Piirsiiips, Cl :
ions, 4-0. For sale at the New England Agnc nllu '
Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 Nort'i M^'
kel street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. I

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS. ~ !

The subscribers offer for sale a ffreat variety of Vq
ble Seeds desirable for the Hot bed. as follows,

Noii(iaricl Cabbage.
Early Hope do.
Early Synol's Cucumber.
Fine ]Mng Green do.
Egg Plant.

I Early Cauliflower.

" Broccoli, of sorts.
I Celery, superior sorts.
Sweet Marjorum.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New U .1
lanJ Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 62 North Mufi -
Street, Boston. March ».

FliOAVER SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK &. CO., Nos. 61 and M North Mi
kel street, offer for sale their usual variety of Flower ScQc
comprising all that are desirable for cultivdljon.

Bo.ston, March 9th, 1842.

FOB SALE,

A few pairs of Mackayand Berkshire PIGS, fr'ni 3 ti
months oil. E. PHIN.NUV.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TYK I'P CIIAIKS.

Just received by 500 Chains for lyeiog up Csttl'-
These chains, introduced by E. H. Densv, Esq. 'I .■^alti :
and Col. jACai;ES, for the purpose of securing (niil< to (1
stall, are found te be the safest and roost couveuitnt isa
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK & M
No. »2 North Market st.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chain"^. Miiuk
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J, 11KK("K;
CO., No. 62 North Market si. A I'ril 11

SITl'ATION AV ,\\TV

AS GARPNER-l.y one ihiii
prenticeship in Europe, and has luni -
in this country. Tiie besl of reltrcnco
D. at this office.

A.Mrea
Mnrchi

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEF.KLT PAPRR.

Terms, $2 per year in adcnnce, or$2 50 if not pat
within thirty doys.

N. B. — Postmasters are permitted by law to frsnk i
siibscripliiins nod remittances for newspapers, wilhct
expense to subscribers.

TDTTUi AND DEHKETT, PHINTEKS.

A N I) 11 O K T I C U L T U K A L U E G I S T E U .

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK k CO., NO. 52 NOttTH M.\RKET STREET, (Ao.icoiTOiiAt Wa.ihoo.e.)- ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APKIL 20, 1842.

ITsa. 4»

I. E. FARMER,

We dcrote a large portion of our paper this
lek, to the following valuable article from the
in. William Clark, Jr., of Noriliampton. Mr
ark's experience as an agrictilturiiit, and his sue-
SI in the ili'pnrtmcnt of ajriciilttirc upon which
treats, oniillo his essiiv to a careful perusal. —
e should be happy to receive an account of tho
perimcnts alluded to in the closing paragraph.

RENOVATION OF EXHAUSTED SOILS.
Mr Pvtna.m — Tho importance of some efficient
i more economical method of renovating exiiaus.
I lands, than any now commonly pursued, is
le deeply felt as the need of .i more successful
1 productive agriculture is better appreciated.
t is true that much has been done by means of
iproved husbandry," to arreet the desolating
reh of the scourging system of former days,
ich at one time bid fair eventually to depopulate
older settled parts of our country. Yet, judg-
from the past, it is also true that there are now
e fields to be won to former fertility, than ordi-
r methods of fertilizing will accomplish in per-
i a century to come. Tracts of exhausted or
rn out Innii arc found in almost every section
ere "pine plain.s" or sandy lands exist. Many
ds of this have been thrown out of cultivation,
. are considered nearly worthless. Others, by
nty crops, now impoverish those who work them,
-eturn a bare compensation for the labor applied ;
,le some, from peculiar location, or other circum-
icefi favorable to their improvement, have be-
ae productive and valuable. Cases enough of
latter class exist to show beyond a doubt that
ae lands are capable of being made highly pro-
tive ; and after being put in good condition, it
liought by some that if well managed, few other
Js will give a belter return for the labor and
ense bestowed in their cultivation.
\9 a general remark, it may be said of these
austed lands that they are light, dry, and easy
;ultivation, and possess all the constituents of a
■d soil, except food for plants. This cxceptinn
a most important one ; but of this the land
been in a great measure deprived by severe
pping or cultivation, invited to excess by the
y and generous nature of the soil ; and the ques-
1 ever presented to the owner, or the passer by
n, is. How can this most essential element of fer-
'y (food for plants) be profitably and economically
orcd to this icastcd soil ?

\ moment's reflection would seem enough to
w that ordinary means fall far short of meeting
whole case. The extent of these lands — their
ation, often distant from the dwellings of own-
— and the expense of labor oiid material, if ma-
e is to be hauleil, have a bearing, as regards
h practicability and economy. And farm-yard
nure, which affords the principal, of means gen-
lly employed to fertilize, is very limited in qiian-
, and together with the various animal subetan-
used for the same purpose, affords less than is
Urable for those lands which are now in a state

of improvement, necessarily leaving exhausted
I fields to remain exhausted, unless succes.'tful re-
' sort is had to some other equal or superior method
of fertilizing, as a substitute.

In looking for this substitute, various inquiries
present themselves, naturally leading to the invca-
tigation of first principles, lo seek out tho cause of
fertility and il.s sources, or to loarn what is food for
plants, what its nature or qualities, and where and
i how it can be obtained.

To assist in this investigation', Geology and
Chemistry have disclosed facts no less valuable
than those obtained by farmers from experience
and observation. Geology teaches that there was
a period in tho history of our earth, when vegeta-
tion or vegetable matter was unknown; and we
therefore infer that the plants or vegelablfs first
brought into existence, mnstof necessity have sub-
sisted solely upon elcmenta found in water, atmos-
pheric air, and the rock formations of tlic earth. In
support of this inference, chemistry tells ua that
upon analysis, all the elements of vegetable matter
are found to exist in water, air, and the rod; for-
mations. This is perhaps sufficient evidence as to
what are the original sources of fertility or food
for plants.

Geology shows further, as the earliest coal for-
mations clearly indicate, that the first vegetable
products of the earth were lichens, mosses, ond
other inferior plants, none of them capable of pro-
ducing seeds or fruits suitable for the sustenance
of rr.en or animals. And no traces of the more
valuable plants are found, except where preceding
generations of the inferior orders had crumbled to
decay and their remains mingled with the primitive
earths or decomposed rocks, had formed what is
commonly termed a productive soil.

From this wo might infer that the elements of
fertilily eristinf^ in a primitive state, were compe-
tent to the growth and perfection of inferior plants,
but were so diluted or attenuated, as to be incom-
petent to the perfection of the more valuable plants ;
and further, that the inferior plants when gather-
ing nourishniont from its primitive sources for their
own subsistence, were in fact concentrating and
condensing food for the benefit of their successors ;
and when decompneed, wont to the formation of a
soil, and themselves became food for succeeding
plants ; and by presenting food in a more condens-
ed form than in its primitive state, gave sufficient
nourishment for the perfection of plants of a higher
order — the latter of course exhausting tho soil of
nutrition precisely in proportion to the amount
which they drew of the remains of the former from
the soil.

In support of these inferences, it is a well known
fact that mosses and some other plants of equal
merit, do flourish in situations where their organs
con have access ajiparently to little or nothing but
the primitive clemcats. And modem experiments
have repeatedly shown that seeds of grain planted
in pure sand or pounded glass, and supplied only
with air and light, and distilled or pure water of
suitable temperature, will grow up to the time of
flowering ; but after that period, literally die of

starvation, and do not perfect their seeds, evidently
for want of more subslantial and abundant suste-
nance than is roiimsito in the first stages of (growth,
or than the organs of tho plants can gather from a
state of primitive diffusion for the last stages of
growth or perfection of the plants. Hero is evi-
dence that the primitive elements now possess what
we have supposed to be their primitive powers,
and evidence also that all plants draw a portion at
least of their early nourishment from its primitive
sources. The fact that plants require more food,
and make heavier drafts upon the soil when ripen-
ing their seeds — and of course exhaust the soil
more — limn (luring previous gt. wlh, is well illus
traled by the broom corn plant. This plant gives
the most luxuriant farm crop grown in New Eng-
land. Its weight of stem and foliage is perhaps
double the weight of stem and foliage of Indian
corn on land of same extent and quality, and from
its ponderous growth might be expected to exhaust
the soil more than any other crop; and yet it is
said by many of long experience with it, to exhaust
less than almost any other. The obvious reason
for this result is, that from the effect of early frosts,
a full crop of seed is not obtained oftencr than an
average of perhaps once in four or six years — the
principal object of the grower being the "brush"'
and not the seed of the i)lant. But where c full
crop of seed is obtained, the exhaustion — making
due allowance for the large return to the soil of
stocks and leaves of the plant left at harvest, is
thought equal to that of other crops.

Experience has further shown that where the
chemist can find no vegetable matter in the compo-
sition of a soil, tlic farm<?r can obtain no valuable
product. And every farmer who cultivates in corn
an acre of sward laud of light quality, and observes
the difference in crop between where a good sward
was well plowed under, and where there was little
or no svard when plowed, sees full evidence that
dccomp^ced vegetable matter is food for plants.

The universal practice among good farmers, on
lands lung cultivated, of saving weeds, brakes, re-
fuse hay or straw and like substances, to go through
the cattle yard or co:iipost heap to the |)low-field,
which observation and experience has always ap-
proved, is evidence to the tame point, as is also
universal crpcriencv where new lands with ages of
accumulated vegel.-ible matter, are brought under
cultivation, and can liardly leave a doubt in any
mind that decomposing vegetable matter affords
the essential food that in any soil is necessary lo
the perfect developement of grain-prodL'cing and
fruit-bearing plants, or plants of the iirghest order
ill the scale of vegetable excellence.

This essential food for plants has been called
geinc. This term is not very familiar to farmer',
hut is nevertheless useful ns a definite name for
the solid aliment of plants", existing in the soil or
at the earth's surface, distinct from the gaseous ali-
ment which the atmosphere offords to plants in all
places, and also distinct from the primitive earths
or Balls which enter into the frame-work of plants
for their mechanical support, or which season*
their food or incites their organs to greater activity

330

iN E VV ENGLAND FARMER,

APRILSO, 184)

in appropriating nutrition. Some difference of
opinion eceins to exist among chemists in relation
to peine. One has denied its e.\i.stencc further
than its being a developement of carbon; and
another has discovered that it is compounded of r.t
least ten different substances, some of which arc
compounds, and prefers to use the names of its con-
stituents as far as they are known — crcnic and
apocrenic acid, SiC. — leaving the remainder in "an
unknown" and uiidcnominaled state. This may
be all well lor mere theorists ; hut as it proposes
no change of measures to the practical man, in re-
gard to the use, or affecting the value of the sub-
slance it.self, it offers im inducement as an equiva-
lent for rendering the subject more complex and
obscure, by a formidable array of technic;il terms,
of which time alone it seems will develope tlie
full number.

It is highly desirable that this matter should be
divesled of all unnecessary drapery, and left as
timple and plain as may be, to insure clear views
and correct practice ; for the practical farmer has
but little interest in the support of mere theory,
and is likely to he more bewildered than beneliled
by " wondrous technicalities," and however proper
it may be to "call things by their right names,"
he will doubtless prefer to use the simple term
fCeint, until it is shown to lead to error in practice,
or some practical benefit is promised by the change ;
for the same reatjn" that lie will prefer to call a
certain kind of grain, wheat, rather than attempt to
designate it by naming its components — starch,
gluten, &c. — merely because these substances
happen to exist in the different varieties in ever va-
rying proportions.

Dr. S. L. Dana, of Lowell, whose incidental re-
searches in agricultural chemistry are resulting in
the highest benefit to the State, by advancing the
science of agriculture, has rendered invaluable ser-
vice by )iis discoveries relative to the nature and
<|ualities of geine. His definition of it includes
all decomposed organic matter, or all decomposed
substances that have once possessed either vegeta-
ble or animal life.

In speaking of geine in connection with the
earthy constituents and soluble salts of soils, he
says: " the earths are the plates, the salts the sea-
eoning, the geine the food of plants ;" and de-
scribes geine as being a brownish black powdery
mass, tlie result or product of the putrefaction or
decomposition of organic substances, "existing in
two Elates, soluble and insoluble : soluble geine is
the food of plants ; insoluble geine becomes food
hy air and moisture." "Geine forms the basis of
all tlie iiourisliing part of all vegetable manures."
" It is the principle which gives fertility to soils:"
" it absorbs and retains nearly its own weight of
water wilhojl =«?Miiing moist ;" and "continually
subjected to air and moisture, it is finally wholly
dissipated in air, leaving only the inorganic bases
of the plant with which it was once combined."

It has long been a conceded point, that the pro-
duction of a plant is not a new creation, but merely
a new arrangement or new combination of pre-ex-
isting particles of matter. But the changes which
this matter undergoes previous to those new combi-
nations, and after they are broken up, have been
mostly unknown until the discoveries of Dr. Dana
have supplied those links in the chain of evidence
which were necessary to trace in connexion its cir-
cling history, through its ceaseless round of cease-
less changes.

These discoveries, with the other facts adduced,

give evidence that geine comprises all the nutritive I stock kept ; the second is generally abundant, it'''
food which plants draw from the earth, and is fur- in many places exhaustless ; and the principU
nished by the decomposition at the earth's surface, the third are coextensive with the atinospher|'>
of vegetable or animal substance.s, the elements of | self, and for aught that appear."!, have energy
which all originated frotii the primitive sources of j unimpaired as when, in the beams of the first m

ing, they were appointed the basis of all fo
vegetable and animal growth.

It will readily be seen that it is difficult to

fertility existing in nir, water, and the rock forma^
tions.

Evidence is given also that all plants draw a
portion of their subsistence from the primitive 1 the exact relative value of these substances, or
sources of fertility, and to the extent that they do i exact expense of obtaining them, as more or
this, they are capable of augmenting the (juantity | of variation in different cases, may always be foi
of geine in any soil on which they grow, by being | in both these particulars. An approximatio
covered in the soil, the reservoir which nature has the truth in the case, as to a general proposil
provided tn protect from dissipating atmospheric in-
fluence, and yield as they demand it, this concen-
trated or condensed nutrition which is necessary
for the perfection of grain-growing and fruit-bear-
ing plants

is therefore all that can bo expected, and may
all that correct practice will require; and for
purpose there are facts and data that may pvrY
be deemed sufficient.

There is doubtless more generally a fixe<

jgettt

!)eiti
KOli
• fow
ktoc
tleii

Important evidence is given also in regard to definite idea of the value of farm-yard manure
the nature of geine, which shows that precisely at | a fertilizer, than of any other enriching substan ''"'
the period when it is reduced to a soluble state j it may therefore be considered a better type of i ^^
and prepared to be taken up by the roots of plants, | niires, or standard for comparison, than any oil
if exposed to the atmosphere, it assumes a gaseous Dr. Dana, taking his own analysis in connect •*!
form and escapes. That which was of a!rial origin with that of others in other places, estimates a pP"

— leaving the earthy parts or elaborated salts to
mix with and measurably fertilize the earth — re-
turns to the atmosphere and mingles with kindred

of green cow-dung to yield three hundred and V
pounds of dry solid geine, calling all its hay insa wH
i/« geine. He says "it rapidly changes to f il»!

atoms, to range the etherial expanse with pristine state : its passage through the animal, like hoili' 1"
freedom, or fertilize other fields, if perchance it i has put it in a state to become geine much soor ij'
comes within range of the appropriating powers of than hay would chnngc, if buried in the soil." Jt!

their growing plants

If these evidences are correct, it follows that all
substances, are valuable as food for plants, in pro-
portion to the amount of geine which they will
yield, making due allowance for expense of bring-
ing it to a soluble state ; and plant.", to be grown
as fertilizers, are valuable in proportion to the
amount of the elements of geine they gather from
the atmosphere during growth ; and the exposure of
soil, containing soluble geine, to the sclivo influ-
ence of midsummer atmosphere {as in the case of
deep cultivation among growing crops, or of naked

Kstiinating the value of common farm-yard n Ift
nure at one dollar per ton, and allowing a ton oD '»
to give the same quantity of geine that is given *>
a ton of solid green cow dung, (few would plac^ ill
so high,) and geine from this source can be obtai" I'Jn
ed at a fraction less than 33 cts. for 100 lbs.

To ascertain the value of tiwamp muck, thr I
samples from a small swamp in Northampton, we I
forwarded to Dr. Dana for analysis. These sai k
pies were taken from different depths, to give
near as could be, an average quality of the
deposite. Samples from other swamps silualB

summer fallows,) however necessary it may bo for i from thirty rods to three miles distant from tb

the destruction of weeds or grass, inevitably re
suits in the loss of fertilizing properties.

These facts, duly considered, appear sufficient to
direct in the choice of the most economical mea-
.'-ures to restore fertility, and the most efficient mea-
sures to preserve it.

Having ascertained that geine is the substance

were olso forwarded, which proved more or le
rii'h in geine, and gave an average quality near
equal in value to the three samples first nientioni
The average of the three samples, after beW
drained of water equal to one third of the weigi
of the muck when first dug, which it will readil
lo, if piled up a few weeks, gave at the riite

requisite to restore fertility to exhausted land, the ] four hundred and Ihirtyfour pounds of geine to th
next ))oiiit for consideration is to find the most eco- ton. The cost of digging and piling muck, n her
nomical method of obtaining it ; and this leads to ' it can be thrown up with a shovel or hamlily n)
an estimate, as far as may be, of the comparative out with a barrow, will not commonly cxcrod 2
value and expense of materials producing geine. l cents per ton, in its half dry state; and al!o«in|
These are various, including all vegetable and aui- ! the ton to give 434 lbs., will furnish geine in al
inal substances. Substances purely animal, al- acid state or mingled with acids, for somelliinj
though jiossessing intrinsic value pcrliaps the high- less than (! cents for 100 lbs.

est in the scale, and worthy of great consideration Muck or peat when first dug, is, from its soilT-
where acres or half acres only are concerned, are ' ness, so unfriendly to vegetation, that it cannot b«
too limited in quantity to affect materially the employed with advantoge in any case, except p^r-
whole subject of exhausted lands, and therefore , haps in small quantities and on a dry soil, unleil
their consideration, as well as that of some other it he subjected to some process for neutralizing ttt
enriching substances, may, in this view of the sub- , acidity. To effect this object, various procatMl
ject, be omitted. I have been proposed ; all of them however seen-

Farin-yard manure, peat or twanip muck, and ingly loo expensive ; and for a cheop procewt
the elements of gcine, obtained from the atmos- i which is doubtless attainable, the farmer must y»i
phcre hy the agency of grasses or other plonts, to ' look to the practical chemist.

plow under, are generally all within the reach of' In the absence of a better method, take that pur-
every owner, and taken together doubtless alTord , sued by Mr I'hinney, of Lexington, who, after re-
ample means to sustain the feriility of the fertile, pealed experiments with compost made of two parti
and enrich every aero of exhausted, land. The peat mud to one of green stable manure, all well
first is limited in quantity to the amount of farm ; mixed and fermented, says: " A load of this com-

»L. XX. NO. 4a

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

Ui

»ill give nj ureal a produce bdiI a moro per- i llio cost ofail.'W lbs. of goiiio from lliiii snuroo — if, llic cstiiiiato in correct, the cost of lmiiliii(f and
Dt iiiiprovenicnt lo the soil, than tho same ^ thi> j;ras3 sood bo 8i>ini with 8<iiiio other crop and | s|>renduig iimiiuru and compost, will in Bonio, and

ity of stable mnniiro. In tins opinion I am . not
lone. Other accurutc and intelligent cultiva- in^-

(inrjablo with expense of plowing and harrow
-will slnnd as follows :

Two years' interest on cost of land, $1 20

Ciruss seed, avernjro cost, 8 Ihs. clover, HO

cents ; t< qts. rodlop, 25 cents ; 4 qls.

herdsgrass ;U cents ; and sowing grass

seed, 10 cciils —
1-2 bush, plaster, and soning and rolling, I

.■>0 cts, per year, two years, 1 00 \

Total, . . . J^:( (lb

Or less than 14 cts. for 100 lbs. 'i'lie geiiio fur-
nished by tliir grass sward is grown where it is
wanted — ready carted and spread — for plowing un-
der; and under a dry sundy soil, quickly becomes
soluble williout further expense.

If no .'allacy or error lias been odmitted in the
estimates thus far, tho comparative expense of fur-
nishing our exhausted fields with geine from the
three sources considered, will stand as follows:

Dressing one acre with twelve and a quarter
tons of vegetable matter, consisting of tops
and roots of grasses, grown upon the spot,
ready carted and spread for plowing under.

Dressing one acre with an equal a-
moiint of fertilizing matter from
a compost of swamp muck and
farm yard manure, (> 4-5 tons, at
estimated cost of materials, .'fU 40
Cost of composting, overhauling,
reloading, carting to field, and
spreading, varying with distance
of carting — say average fiO cts.
per ton,

Total,

Dressing one acre with an equal a-
mount of fertilizing matter from
the farm yard, 8 2-3 tons, at $1
per ton, $8 67
Cost of hauling and spreading,
varying with distance — average
eay 40 cts. 3 47
Total,

$3 08

4 08

$7 48

Itve made similar experiments wiili similar re-
Additional testimony, to sustain &lr I'hin- |
opinion as to these results, might be given, |
it necessary ; but these' results can bo true j
in the supposition that pent contains as much

or food for plants as the same quantity of!

manure, as is shown by analysis it does con-

peat from Mr Phinney's farm appears not to
essentially from best samples of swiinip muck ;
as t'o'ind on analysis by Dr. C. T. Jackson, of
1, to contain less silica and more salts and
ble matter or geine, than the same weight
d horse dung. Other samples of peat were
by Dr. Jackson to give from one or two to
cent, less vegetable matter than that from
inney.

ompost of farm-yard manure and muck, in

ne proportions that .Mr Phinney employed

materials, including the labor of compound-

uling, &.C., will alford geine fit for iinmcdi-

, at about two thirds the cost of that from

n yard alone. .\nd further, the quantity

ue of fertilizing matter, on many farms, may

trebled, without further increase of live

r cost of material from abroad. This leaves

)t as to the expediency and economy of

in the aid of peat and swamp muck to fer-

ither than to depend exclusively upon the

ilcd product of the farm yard for that pur-

d is perhaps sufficient evidence as to the

value of peat and swamp muck, compared

1 yard manure.

nparison of the expense of obtaining geine

original sources, by the aid of growing

'ilh that of obtaining It from the farmyard,

le absence of facts which the practical

alone can furnish, more difficult, and should

I with a liberal allowance.

hinney says he "ascertained by an accu-

iriment, that on the tlrst of May, a single

iward land, taken from a field that had been

ir a number of years, and thinly set with

nd herdsgrass, contained nine ounces of If these estimates are correct, or nearly so, (and

e matter, consisting of the roots and tops the grounds on which they are based are given,)

asses ; giving at this rate over twelve and the farmer who has plenty of peat or swamp muck

tons to the acre." : at hand, can furnish his plants with food, by means

nuch geine a ton of this vegetable matter I of" co'npost, at a little less than two thirds the ex-

I, is, in the absence of a chemical lest, a I pensc of furnishing the same amount from the cat-

'conjecture. In view, however, of the t'e yard exclusively ; and in addition to this great

ing care of good farmers, to collect and saving of expense, can three-fold his ordinary sup-

ices even, of similar sulislances to enlarge' p'y of food for plants, without increasing the num-

re heap, it seems but reasonable to sup- her of liis domestic animals, or competition with

.. t| it is at least half as valuable as the partly l''^ less provident neighbor, for a supply from the

p muck we have been considering, and if, market abroad ; his muck or peat bog is a treasure

^elve and a quarter tons will give twenty- that duly improved will render him independent of

all foreign aid to fertilize ; and with the farm yard,
will doubtless afford him " poudrette" as good as
the best, whenever correct views of true economy
shall overcome State parsimony and real waste, so
far as to put a chemist in the field to develope
this eventually great source of fertility and wealth.
If in the estimated expense of collecting fertili-
s per ajre, which is doubtless more than ty from the atmosphere, suHicient allowance is
je estimated value of our exhausted lands, j made for the unknown precise value of the grass
that an entire unftd and iincui two years j roots and tops ; a given quantity of geine, from
clover, herdsgrass and redtop, on such , this source can be furnished,, to renovate an ex-
equals Mr Phinney's " thinly set" redtop : hausted field, at about one fourth the expense of
■grass sward, which had httn mown, and | the same amount from the cattle yard. Indeed, if

ed and fiftyeight pounds of geine.
ost of growing this amount of vegetable
ust of course vary with the varying coal
tion of the lind on which it is grown, gov-
lewhat by the more or less favoring sea-

e the value of the land be estimated at

perhaps all, cases of land, remote frmn tho riiriii
yard, exceed the cost of growing upon the spot, an
e(|iial amount of fertilizing matter. This seems to
Iravc no doubt as to the moat economical metiiod of

I ri'storinp at least a iiindfrato amount of fertility

to iMir exhausted soils, but shouhl by no means in-

1 48 diice the neglect to save and imo oil the manuro

I and compost which a form con well lurnihli.

An important (|iicBtion comes up then, as to the
most valuable plant to be grown as a fertilizer;
and this in(|uiry can he solved with precision only
bv tho practical chenii.st. Clover is justly held in
high estimation. It has a large array of leaves,
and presents a largo surface of apprnprialing or-
g;iii3 to tho atmosphere, and may or may not be
tin; best plant wo have for the purpose of fertiliz-
ing. It has, however, obtained tho distinction of
being called " the mother of wheat," and accounts
of the fertilizing effects of clover with other grosses,
have been published, which go very far to support
the estimated value of Mr Phinney's grass sward.

In view of the known value of peat and swamp
muck, Which is mainly composed of the remains of
plants of inferior character, weeds even, should not
bo viewed as "posts to thu farmer," so long ne
they do not interfere with hie growing crops ; but
as friends — foragers opoii iRfe u.muspherc — gather-
ing wealth that will ultimately appear in the heavy
sheaf and full garner. Every blade and every leaf,
however humble or obscure, and however brief its
existence, at death yields to its mother earth a tri-
bute of the elements of fertility, gatficred from the
atmosphere. Tina principle of fertility is inde-
structible as the earth itself, and must be lasting as
time.

Prom the period of its first arrest, by tho myste-
riously life-endowed springing plant, it seems by a
strong principle of affinity, ever to be seeking a
reunion with its native elements. This propensity
or quality of its nature, which seems wisely order-
ed to prevent accumulations that otherwise would
render the earth uninhabitable, is perfectly con-
trolled by the principle of vitality, and after the
death of the plant, by the absence of either air, or
moisture, or temperature, that will promote the
growth of plants — agents, which first gave it con-
nexion with the living plant, an8 which now com-
bine their ellbrts to cflect its .rtiase, that it may
be again arrested to give fresh, beauty lo earth, or
do new service to man, and yet again be liberated,
fresh as in the morning of existence, to run its
ceaseless round of duly, in obeilience to those laws
which con.'itantly tend to fertilize, where the labors
of man, through ignorance or carelessness, con-
stantly tend to impoverish. This ptopcnsity to
evaporation or change, accounts for the exhausting
effect of summer fallows and deep cultivation among
growing crops ; and also for the benefit resulting
from a level surface on cultivated ground, by pre-
senting less exposure to the exhausting eflfect of
midsummer atmosphere, or fiir the escape of geine.
It gives, indeed, a plain reason for various facta
and phenomena, relative to the exhaustion of land,
which have become well established by careful ob-
servation, after immense loss to farmers, from igiio-
.'ance of this single principle, a knowledge of
which affords a clew to the best means of preserv-
ing fertility, by disclosing its mode of escape.
And yet, pending the discovery by Dr. Dano, or
indeed in the face of it, there ore not wanting those
cpjio.i <"^-mer», who doubt if any thing valuable

$12 14

:53-2

NEW ENGL A N D FARMER,

APRIL SO, 13«

has recently been, or can be, learned, bcnrficial to
agriculture !

Ill Dr. ^.inu's published remarlta upon peine, the
practical tanner "ill find much to aid liia l.ibors,
and will feel mocli re^jret that the avocations of the
Dr. do not permit him to dral as tlioroiiirlily with
the ".'iallH" or " scasoniufj," as he lias wiih the'
" food" of plnntif, — a hibor equally necessary as the
other, and would doubtless accomplish more in a
few nioiitha to advance the art of production, than
can be reatonably expected from a century of
merely practical e.\"periinent3 and observatinn, un-
aided by the light of science. -It is this lit;ht that
is needed, indeed, the feet that tread tin; pathless
wilderness, or the luinila that labor at the nicest
mechanism, may aa well S9y to the eyes, we have
no need of Wtte, as the practical fanner say to the
chemist, your assistance is unnecessary.

Land may be unproductive from other causes
than exhaustion or mere poverty. Water, or sub-
stances deleterious to vegetation, or which preserve
the geine in an insoluble slate, may exist in such
quantity in a soil, as to render it sterile. Such
hinds cannot wiili propriety be classed with, or
termed, exhausted lando. K.\hnii.sled lands proper-
ly include only sr M ns have once possessed some
degree of fcrtililv, and have been reduced by a
loss of geine, either drawn out by growing crops,
or rendered soluble and sjattercd to the ivindi by
exposure of the soil to the atmosphere in the pro-
cess of cultivation. The fad that a soil is exhaust-
ed, gives evidence that its earthy constituents are
1^00(1, or capable of supplying the elements which
plants require of the primitive earths ; ollicrwise
it would not have sustained crops or invited culti-
vation to llie point of exhaustion.

As before observed, exhausted lands are gene-
rally of those denominated "light lands" — sand
pred.iminaling in their composition. The lighter
qualities are frequently called " pino plains," or
" pine barrens." These lands are termed light,
from their open texture, and their comparative pov-
erty, both in a natural slate and Avhcre cultivated
in a careless manner, is due in a great measure to
their poverty. It is this open quality of texture,
which admits the combined action of air, heat, and
moiature, to resolve into its original elements, the
vegetable matter contained in these aoila, by the
most ra|)id course of decomposition which nature
exhibits ; even artificial "sweat pit"," to test e.xpo-
rinients to prevent the decomposition of timber tised
in naval architecture, seem to make but one atep
in advance of the ordinary "Progress of decomposi-
tion near the surface of the;c laffids in some of the
Bummer months. Indeed the well known expedi-
tion with which a stake or fence post is " eaten off,"
may well vie with any artificial method of decom-
position, whatever, and sets forth the digtslivt pow-
er— if it may be so termed — of these soils, in its
true light, aa exceedingly active. Without thia
power in a certain degree, however, a soil is value-
less for all the ordinary purposes of cultivation ; as
on thia quality depends the production of aoluble
geine from those substances applied to the aoil as
alimentary manures. But if this digc.itive power is
too active, and is not restrained, the materiala pro-
ducing geine are soon wrought up, and their pro
ducts given to "infiltration" or to the winda, while
the incumbent crop ia left to suffer aome degree of
want in the midst of ita growth and perhaps star-
vation at its close, where plenty has been wasted,
'i'o regulate this power then, by promoting its ac-
tion where it is too aliiggish, and controlling it

where it is too active, may require the best judg-
ment of the farmer: and whether he recognise the
principle or not, his success may depend much upon
his practice according with it. Clay or hard pan
on the one hand, and porous sanda on the other,
alike require his mechanical skill to render them
fertile, or place them on a par with those soils
which the revolutions and currents upon the earth's
surface, have compounded at a happy distance be-
tween those two extremes.

The iinder-drainiug and subsoil-plowing of com-
pact and heavy or wet land, confers a double bene-
fit. By sinking the water, and admitting air or at-
mospheric influence to a greater depth in the soil,
its decomposing power is promoted, by which the
insoluble geine in the soil ia rendered soluble, and
a more extended range is also given to the roots of
the plants. Under this process, the character of
the soil changes, and its products change ; — cold
land becomes warm — aquatic plants and worthless
herbage, give place to useful vegetation — and land
even but moderately heavy is much improved.
This result is seen where swampy or heavy lands
are "thorough drained," and the cause seems di-
rectly traceable to the quickening and solutive ef-
fect of atmospheric influence, admitted to act upon
the roots of the growing plants and the inert vege-
table matter, to a good depth beneath the suiface.

On the other hand, the roller, on very light and
porous lands, effects equal benefits by an opposite
process. By compressing the surface, (not to hard-
ness, but giving it more compactness,) the air is in
some measure excluded, and the digestive power
of the soil is less active, moisture ia better retained,
and the ready escape of geine as it assumes a gas-
eous state, prevented — and the fine roots of young
grasses, instead of striking into vacancies to grasp
at empty space, and be followed and parched up by
the first drying winds, find protection from the air,
and substance to take hold of winch atTords mois-
ture and sustenance ; and with a favorable season
and a New England climate, a fine grass sward
easily results. Under this process, the lightest ex-
hausted land, except perhaps a drifting sand hill,
can be resuscitated. The character of this soil
also seems to change, and its products change.
The arid, porous, sunburnt surface becomes com-
paratively firm and moist ; sparse coarse-rooled
weeds, nodding over the desolate field, give place
to enriching grasses; a lively green succeeds a
lifeless brown ; where the plow heel left a wave of
light crawling sand, it now leaves a dark, glossy,
adhesive furrow.slice ; and clover and corn luxuri-
ote, where mulleins and johnsworl held battle with
famine. This result is seen in all cases, on light
porous land, where the roller or ita equivalent is
used, in connexion with a proper supply tf vegeta-
ble matter plowed under; except perhaps over a
gravelly open subsoil, that prevents the subjacent
moisture from ascending to supply the plants in
time of drought. The cause seems plainly tracea-
ble to giving the soil more compactness as a start-
ing point, that it may resist the free admission of
air, and free escape of geiiio and moisture, and
give protection and support to young grass plants
ns a medium to fertility.

The fertility of land ia found to depend much
upon ita power of absorbing and retaining a due
degree of moisture, and ita power of abaorption and
retention is promoted in all cases, by enriching the
soil or increasing ita geine, a», according to Pro-
fessor liitchcock, no other earthy substance pos.
aeases this power in an equal degree. The more.

therefore, there ia mingled with a dry soil, of wi
decomposeil vegetable matter, whether it be frc -
the cattle yard or muck pit, or decayed grass s:
the belter the soil will preserve a suitable degr
of moisture to sustain growing plants in time
drought; while in a mois( soil, the increase
geine may cause excess of moisture, and increa
the necessity of under-draining. The result frc
this property of geine, is highly beneficial in t
first case, and in some measure supercedes the n
cessity of mixing clay with a sandy soil to effe
the same object ; but in the moist soil, is in some i i''
grce pernicious, unless the proper remedy be applii

It is not to be expected that land nearly redue< ^
to sterility can be brought up, and made fertile
once, without extraordinary means. If the proce ^
be, to fertilize entirely from the atmosphere, i(
a work of time ; for the first series of planta vilk
of necessity be feeble in their early growth, ^i
the ilillicuUy of obtaining these, if clover and gra »
is lirsl attempted, is sometimes incn ;ised by ti
adversity of the season. Under favorable circui
fctaiiccs, two full years unimpaired growth, stiq^ a
lalcd by light annual diessinga of plaster, shoQ ii
be <;ivcn before a crop is attempted, after which i
immediate repetition of the same process will,
most cases be required before a sufficient amonti
of vegetable matter is accun.ulated to alio
cropping with the best advantage or o duo regu
to the best economy. After this point is attain*
a crop may be taken from the land annually, if
suitable rotation ia observed, and a proper partj
the growth of each season left for plowing unde
that is, if corn is taken, the stalks should be ltt<
if English grain, an allcr-growth of grass
weeds; or if clover or grass, the rowen shouli
left, or occasionally an entire year's growth be
voted to the purpose of fertilization ; otherwise d
terioration takes place, which is inconsistent wi
good management. This long process may Ii
qiiently be shortened to advantage by the aid
muck or manure, or both, according to the atteil
ant circumstances of location and means.

Ripo crops are doubtless more eflicient for ft-
tilizing than green crops; at least, so Nature, w
is said to bo " no niggard," has taught us by e
ample, in preparing the earth for the obode of mi
and animals. The philosophy of this has b«l
given by Dr. Dana, and published in Mr Colmu
Third Report of the Agriculture of Massac husett

The roller may be regarded as indispensabljl
the profitable cultivation of sandy or light Iaa4>
The free use of a fine harrow or of a heavy bail
will settle the soil in some degree ; but at ba
those implements arc poor substitutes for the ri
as a means of giving that compactness near tbi
face necessary to preserve for the growing
the decomposing matter beneath ; which as it takr
a gaseous form, ia by every outlet ever seekih|t
escape. The amount of fertilizing matter thi;
lost to the cultivator, by its unarrested, unseen M
unceasing process of change from solid to acrifoft
and departure, is unquestionably very great, ho<
ever difficult it may be of exact ascertainmWl
and justly entitles these soils to the title of (Mft
rating soils, rather than that of " leeching," •
Icachy, sometimes given. There aro doubtlw
! many farms of this land where the roller iUH
! used, that its judicious application in prCveMM
' thia great loss of fertilizing matter, would iDOn
than outweigh the entire benefit usually derive
from the proceeds of the cattle yard, as commOBl;
I applied. Thia may be thought a wild aigMQn

'A

pGS

\ III,. X*. -NO. 4 4.

AND HORTICULTURAL R E (^, I S T E R .

S33

»iil pcciii to bo the 6o!)cr triilli, when we rc-
t ii|iiiii tho iiatur.-il rapiJ tendency to docsy in
«c soils, wliicli will, and can, cunliniio bo \ong
i no longer than while atiiios|>horic nir find* free
iniios of access to the decaying mutter — whether
)C tho fibre of iinrcinoved roots of pUnts grown
he soil, or manure applied, or vegetable growth
nc>l under — to displace or dissipate the gas
ch ever envelopes decaying substances, and
icli somewhat in proportion as it is confined,
•sis llic further decomposition of remaining mat-
aiiJ by thus inducing a less rapid rato of do-
po.-iitioD, and being itself taken up by the roots
}lanl:>, would benefit the filling out of the crop,

0 U not so soon set at perfect liberty and given
he atmosphere, by tho fiee in<;rcs3 and egress
hat unsatcd i.nd untiring agent of dissolution.
I'hc action of ammonia, generated so abundantly
animal manures when buried in tlio soil, also in-
isei tho demand for the roller, by accelerating
work of evaporation ; as it not only prepares
crude substances in the manure for rapid dieso-
on, but seizing upon the inert vegetable matter
he soil, neutralizes its acidity, and in reducing
) a soluble state, ctfccts perhaps as much in days,
unaided spontaneous decomposition does in
ks. The effect of this is seen in the large
y growth of stalks, and diminutive starved crop
ars, where corn is planted over a small quanti-
f uncompounded quick manure, on dry sandy

1 of medium quality. And so sure is this rc-
, that some farmers will not apply manure for

rn crop on pine plains, tiiinking it injurious, or
luctive of stalks only ; whereas the injury aria-
in such cases, is not justly attributable to the
of manure, but to its uncoinbined or unskillful
.ication, and the subsequent mismanagement of
soil. It is said by Dr. Dana, to be this prop-

of ammonia whicli renders animal manure so
lable in neutralizing the acidity of peat and
mp muck in compost, and preparing those siib-
icos for immediate use ; and it is doubtless this
lerty which accounts for the long known, but
aplaincd fact, that tillage land, once put in a
ily productive state by the application of farm
1 manure, and impoverished, is again rendered
le with more difficulty than land of the same

ral quality and equally unproductive, which
never been treated with manure.
"he roller provides against excessive action and
Doration, by closing the pores or interstices in
1 measure as to hold in partial duress the mat-
beneath, for the more exclusive and more last-
benefit of the growing plants, and its efficiency
his respect, and in sccurini,' the primal growth
lover or grasses for enriching the soil, seem to
e little doubt that it is an indispensable imple-
it for the profitable cultivation of light lands,
:ther exhausted or fresh. Soils sufficiently
ipact to give suitable protection and mechani-
support to young grasses, do not require roU-

except to reset grasses or grain thrown out by
t, or to give a smooth finish after seeding, which

be done with good effect on heavy lands, only
!n the surface lumps are friable ; and lands free
n excess of moisture, and sufficiently porous to
lit the roots of plants to extend freely, do not
jire under-draining or subsoil-plowing.
The effect of compressing the surface of light
is, as seen in the grass sward that follows the
ding of a seldom used path over an old field,

hardly have escaped tho notice of any one,

prenciiting an it frequently docs, a verdant stripi-
amid n lifeless waste.

In di.HCUS8ing thus far, tho subject of " renova-
ting exhausted lands," I have, Mr Kdilor, Ptniyed
into other fields almost imperceptibly, and have
I'con led to say much moro than 1 intended to, or
|irrlinps than mny be thought worth a phico in your
journal. And lest I should give still further occa-
sion for tho use of your "editorial shears," I will
omit the detail and result of simio Bmall experi-
ments which 1 did intend to give as further cvi-
dence in the case, or to illustrate some of the prin-
ciples recited.

Yours, respcctfullv,

WILLIAM CLARK, Jr.

.Yorlhampton, March, 184"^.

VILLAGK FARMING.

It is all fudge to suppose that a man must live
ill the country in order to be a farmer. All expe-
rience proves that extensive farming business can
be carried on in every village.

For example, every village farmer can keep a
//en-ery supplied with 50 or 100 chickens, which
will fat easily on his neighbors' gardens.

Every man should have at least two cows and
other horned cattle. In the summer they will do
well in the woods, and in the winter they pick up
a very respectable living from the farmers' wagons
us they come into town. \Vc have cows among us
tlial can climb a ladder, or a ship's rigging.

Hogs can be easily kept in great abundance, and
the more porkish their disposition, the better.
They cat up all the filth in the streets, have great
regard for the property of their neighborsfand dis-
course most eloquent music on c rainy city. We
found one in a barrel of flour the other day, but on
being reprimanded he ejaculated "ugh!" and took
his departure. A sow and sixteen pigs are indis-
pensable to every well regulated family.

We recommend every body to attend to these
little matters, and they will soon find that village
farming is not only profitable, but interesting and
delightful. — Belvidere .Apollo.

()J=The editor of the Belvidere Apollo is a
shrewd one. He sees how the knowing folks man-
age. But as his advice omita a few thing.', wo
will just hint, that it is profitable to keep a well
stocked dove-cot, for in all the spring months the
doves will feed without cost upon the neighbors'
seed grain, and prevent the plants from coming up
too thick. A good largo flock of turkeys, also,
will, in the autumn, put themselves in fine ccndi-
tion to grace the thanksgiving table, by stuffing
themselves in the neighbor's cornfield.^. We will
just hint too, that if you turn out your cows or your
horse in April, before the bars are put up in the
neighborhood, they will find their way into a neigh-
bor's field, and pick up half a living. Such little
matters arc worth thinking of.

Washington concludes one of his letters to
Arthur Young, in the following beautiful language:

"The more I am acquainted "with agricultural
affairs, the better I am pleased with them ; inso-
much that I can nowhere find so great satisfaction
as in these innocent and useful pursuits. In in-
dulging these feeling.s, I am led to reflect how
much more delightful to an undebauched mind, is
the task of making improvements on tho earth, than
all the vain glory which can be acquired from rav-
aging it by tho most uninterrupted career of con-
quests."

Frmn the Maine Cullivilor.

I'LANTINC; CORN.
Mn Kuirnn — Sir — I wi»h to cnmiiiiinicato to
the public, through the modium of ymir useful pa-
per, a short item in regard to preparing and soak-
ing seed corn before planting. Cover the manure
three fourth!) of nn inch when put in the hills, no
matter whether new or old manure. I have done
it for quite a number of years, and find it well re-
pays me for my trouble. When dropped upon and
well covered, the corn comes up more evenly, and
is more likely to come and do well, if it should
happen to be very dry. Take 4 oz. saltpetre, and
4 cz. copperas to 4 qls. seed — dissolve, soak 24
hours before planting, mil roll in plaster. I have
tried it, and think it increased my crop ten per
cent. I likewise put saltpetre with my blue vit-
riol, say 8 oz. of saltpetre and 4 oz. of blue vitriol,
to one bushel of wheat before sowing, ond found it
to be a great advantage to rny wheat crop. Try
it. Perhaps you may hear from me again — if not,
you may know I was once a Kennebecker, but now
A Down Kasteb.
Plymouth, Me., April 2, 1842.

NEW MODE OF GRAFTING.

Mr Downing, of Newburg, has lately practiced
with success, a new mode of grafting, the object
being to test the quality of fruits raised from seeds,
in a shorter period than would be possible by per-
mitting such seedlings to stand until time of bear-
ing.

The method is, to put the top of a shoot from a
seedling tree, or a new variety, when it is desirable
to procure a specimen immediately, upon tho top
ofathrilty shoot of a middle-aged fruit-bearing
tree; tho process being simply to take thrifty
shoots, obout a quarter of an inch in diameter, and
cut them in a slanting manner clear through, so as
to detach about four inches of the top from the
rest, making the lino of the angle about un inch —
the stock being cut in the same manner. Tho
backs are to be then carefully united, and bound
with yarn, covering the whole with grafting wax
to exclude the air. By this mode, fruit may be ob-
tained in (I short time, so as to test its value at an
early day, the operation being simple with scarcely
a fear of failure. — Selected.

THE WHEAT CROP.
The appearance of wheat in the Western States,
and in Genesee county is spoken of as vory fino
for this season of the year. The knowledge cf
wheat having survived tho winter well, is always
considered important in estimating the crop. When
it is not winter-killed and comes forth early in the
spring, the berry may ordinarily bo expected to
fill out before tho summer droughts afl'ect it, and
before the fly and the weevil have an opportunity
to ravage it. A quick and early growth, is per-
haps more important to wheat than to almost any
other staple — Selecltd.

The annual income of the Pope of Rome is said
to be $1,500,000, and the priests subject to liia con-
trol and ready to do his bidding, are about a million.

There was a small show of green psas in the
Norfolk market on the lOth inst., the first of the
season.

334

NEW j::ngland farmer

APRIL 20,|lti«».

i.NI> HOBTICULTCRAI, REGISTF.R.

BofTov, Weuhesdat, Afril 20, 1842.

INDIAN CORN.

h it a Profitublc Crop for Cultivittion ?
We often hear ilio opiiiiun expre^jicd, that Indinn rorn
will not pay tlie farmer for raising or growing in thiK vi-
linity. It it* said that when we can buy corn at 65 or
70 cent! per bushel, it is better iior us to^ibandon its cul-
tivalion. A few farmers in iho immediate vicinity of
our principal markets, may lind it good for them to a|i-
propriate their grounds to other crops. 15ut wo arc not
satisfied that the crop yields so small A return for the
labor and manure bestowed upon it, as the remarks of
many persons would indicate. It is often said ^liat po-
tatoes give a better return.

Let us see how this mailer is. Of coursa we must
have reference in such cases to tliose stils which are
suited to either crop, and wo must also follow thi' lead-
ings of iiur own obsirvalinnx. Take for instance, an
acre of land of medium quality in its natural slate — let
it be land that was fi.irly manured and tilled when
last cultivateil, and that has been in grass four or five
years, and yielded last sc^ison one ton of hay.

The labor of breaking up, harrowing and marking out,
will be the same for each — call the cost of it six dollars.
Let the manure m cither case be equal in worth or cost
to five curds of good stable manure; that is, let it equal
30 dollars when put out in the hill or spread on the sur-
face. For seed corn, we will ^llow (1-2 bushel) — cost
7.5 cents ;— for seed potatoes, (15 bushels, at 40 cle.) the
coat will be six dollars. 'J'o get th« potatoes to the field,
drop or plant them out, and cover tticm, nill require
nearly one day's work more than to di'op and cover the
corn. But we will call it only fifty cents moro cost.
The planting of the corn alter tlie m.inure is put out,
may be $1 50 ; the potatoes will require 2 dollars worth
of labor. The corn should be plowed and hoed three
timet, at a cost of 0 dollars: the. potatoes twice, at a
cost of 4 dollars. If the stalks of the corn are topped,
bound up, cured and housed, the cost of this may be
3 dollars. At horvesling, a man may be supposed to
cut up, get in, and husk out IC bushels of ears per day,
or an acre that gives 40 bushels of shelled corn, in five
days — and this at a coat of 5 dollars. Wo will suppose
him to to dig and house 20 bushels of potatoes per doy,
and his aero giving 150 bushels, will lake 7 1-2 days'
work, or cost 7 1-2 dollars. The corn stover is worth as
much as one ton of good hay — say 15 dollars. Tho far-
mer's bushel of corn of his own raising, is worth to him
20 per cent, more than tho bushel of iSoulhern corn,
which is to be paid for in cash, carted hoiue from wharf
or store, and which is some 5 or G lbs. less ir| v.> ight.
We are not ready to admit that we can buy corij cheaper
than we can raise it, if our lands are 8 or 10 miles back
from the city.

Now let us SCO how the account comas out :

Cost of Corn Crop per Acrt.
Inlcresl on land, ftC 00

Plowing and fixing the ground, C 00

Seed, 75

Manure, (when opplied) 30 QQ

Planting, 1 50

Hoeing, C qO

Cutting and curing top etalk>, 3 00

Harvesting, 5 00

Ji6tj 25

Ct.

40 bush, corn, at $1 LO, $40 CO

Stover, 15 00

Improvement of hind by tillago, and unex-
pended manure equal to one third of the
manure, 10 00

^JGo 00

Profit, $G 75.

Cost of Potato Crvjt.

Interest on land,

$G 00

Plowing and fixing ground,

6 00

Seed,

6 00

Matmre,

30 00

Planting,

2 00

Hoeing,

4 00

Harvesting,

7 50

$61 50

By 150 bushels, at 37 1 2 cts.
Improvement of land,

$G6 25

Profit, $4 75.

In these supposed costs and worth of the crops, we
have kept near what we suppose to be usual results
with the mass of fanners upon pretty good soils. But
our own experience has been more in favor of the corn
than the above sujiposilion. Where we have tilled, iiO
bushels of corn ond 20 dollars worth of stover, have
been obtained at as little cost us J50 bushels of potatoes.

Two important items arc mit often sufficiently re-
garded in relation to thise crops, viz: the cost of the
seed potiloes, and the worth of the corn stover. We
might add, also, the convenience of keeping the corn
when once housed, until there was leisiiru for getting it
to market, or until the slate of the market wus favorable.
We have allowed a high price for coin, and for potatoes
too, if taken at tho farmer's door ; but we have also al-
lowed a high price for labor.

It is not our object to oppose the cultivation of the
potato, but merely to show that we do nut think corn an
unprofilnble crop — and also to lead our readers to look
with some care to the items of expense and profit in the
case of each of their important crops.

We are very far from wishing to give 0 general rule
to be followed by all. No such rule is wanted. A. can
do best with one crop, and B. ;«ith another:— wo aim
only at recommending to each of them to ascertain
which is best fur him.

WUICII IS Tilt; BKST KIND OF CORN.'

Who can answer such a question .' That some kinds
are more prolific than others, there con bo no doubt.
But that no person has ascertained that some one kind
is Buperiirr to nil others, we have as little doubt.

The Brown corn has been much extolled for n low
years past, as combining in an uncommon degree, the
two desirable qualities of early maturity and great pro-
ductiveness. It doubtless deserves a high reputation
But we doubt whether it has any permanent and distinct
characteristics. The specimens which wo first saw,
were eight rowed and of cinnamon color; but we hove
since seen some twelve rowed and of a bright yellow
color. Many samples of it are a mixture ( f the two —
and are none the less valuable for being so. Wo liave
seen a crossed or mixed corn more productive than eith-
er of the three varieties out of which it wos formed;
and we are ready to ask whethir the crossing of corns
may not as well be recommended as Ih* crossing of
stock.

Last season we recommended the Hartwullcorn. With
miiny farmers it did well — to others it was not satisfac
lory. It has a very small stalk, ripens early, is eight |^.'lt<
rowed, and has a large kernel. These particulars ara
oil desirable, if there can be added to them sufficient
length of cur. This corn is of about equal size with the ith
Brown, and of equal value probably.

Our own judgment is in fuvor of corns, with larger p>>!
stalk and larger ear, even though late in ripening — ei-
pecially on warm soils. The chances for a larger crop
more than counterbalance tho risks from autumnal fiostt.

The Red Blaze, the Parker, ond several others without
a name are more productive with us on warm lands well
manured, than the Brown and Ilartwell — but they ar«4|)l
later in ripening.

John Prince, EBq.,of Roxbury, who has been an accu>
rate and useful observer of agricultural operations,
brought to our office Inst autumn, several ears, which
appear to be a liybrid of the Tuscatnra and the Chines*
Tree cor 1, which are very large, and which, if we cor« kt
reclly retain his statement, were much more prolific than. Iirli
either of the varieties out of which the cross was formed. |in
We would suggest the propriety of planting several va-
rieties, which ripen at about tho same time, together.

Wo shall not answer our own question : we do not
know which is bcsl. If yours has t/on^weU in years past,
stick to it. We have tried many kinds, end not gaineil
much by it.

THE SEASON— TREES, &c.

Though the season wos unusually mild during much
of tho winter, and the buds on our foreat and fruit treei
began In swell unusually early in the spring, yet they,
will not open much earlier than usual. The aerure^
frosts \\u have had since the buds started, do not seem
to hove done injury to any trees that have come within
our notice. The peach trees in and immediately around
the city, are now red with full and fair buds, which a
warm day or two will bring open. Trees generally
look well. Grass has survived the winter well, except-
ing thai which was sown last season ; this latter has in
many spots been thrown out and destroved by the many
freezings and thawingsof the winter. Winter grain that
was sowed eaily ond made a fair growiii in the autumn,
promises well, but that which was sowed Ills, e.s(ieeially
on poor lands, has been destroyed. Such ore the facts
witliiii the extent of our personal observations.

The season now is wet ond rather cold. But there is
nothing unpromising in the general appearances of the
trees, tho grass, the giaing, or inthe state of thawcalber.

RENOVATION OF EXHAUSTED SOILS.
We would ask the attention of all our readers *fho are
desirous to renovate light lands, to Mr Clark's communi-
cation, which fills ihc greater part of our paper. The
subjecl is there well treated. As Dr. Dana is frequently
referred to, possibly some may wonder that Air Clark
makes no reference to the Muck Manual. To prevent
any such wonder, we will state that the article n.iw 111-
serlud, has been on hand for several weeks, and was
writitn before the publication of Dr. Dana's book.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Saturday, .Ipiil 16, If?12.
The following communication was received from Win.
Kenrick, Esq : —

To the Committee on Fruits :

Gkntlemin — 1 send you a fruit — an Apple — believed
10 be a native, — called Masters' .Ipple — supposed 10
have originated on the farm of Mr Misters, Greenland,
N. 11. Bears constantly — keeps well.

Respeclfuilv, your humble sorv't.

Ni-wton, Ap

lully,

ril Iti

Wm. Kenrick

The above described fruit wos found nasi its prime,
but gave evidence of being a first rale opplc. Should be
obliged by receiving perfeat specimens another yonr.
For tho Committee, BENJ. V. FRENCH

VOL. xx, xo. *t.

A X D HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

335

TIlKIOIO.MKrilK Al.
Rrix.iir J liir llir .Nrw b:n(liiii.l furinri.
lin|;t' •>( ilir rhcniioinrlcr nt thn (itinfriiof (li« pro|irieiurM
llw .New Cnnlnml K«rnicr. llrighlim, Miimi. in * •hiiilnl
thfi l>- i-xpoiure, for ilio work emling April 17.

I WILMS S LATKST IMIMIUVKD HF.ICI) ^<>\VKII.

r:

ril, 1S42.

|6,A.M.
4a

1 12, M.

63

1 e.t'.M.

1 Wind.

Ddar,

U

65

N. E.

'•.l.>V,

I'J

37

49

43

W.

dn.•^.lr,y,

13

3a

46

40

S. E.

ir-ituy,

14

3S

39

33

E.

Uy.

15

33

t;

3d

W.

iir.luv.

IC

3S

6S

39

E.

d..y,

17

37

63

36

K.

lll.ll rOiN .MAKKKT.— MoKDAT, .Xpiil IS, 1842
l[»pnrtril fiirlhc Nnv Knchnil K«rmiT.
t .Market 2U0 Unet Catllc, 12 pairs Workijig oxen
yowa and Calr«8, 2'M Sheep, and l.'SoU Swing,
BICL9. — Beef Cattle. I'rices generally advHnccd
jt 2^'ict9. pr hundred for a like quality. We quote a
r small number ol extra cAttlu at $.^> 60. First quai-
nt'. 00 a i; 'J5. Second quality, $5 50 n G 00.
Ill quality, $i 75 a 5 25.
iirking Oxea — No sales were noticed.
»cs and Caltcs. Sales 20, 22, 28, and $35.
rrp. — Lots, 3 25, 3 75, and §-1 50.
"inf. —Lou to peddle, from 3 1-2 a 3 3-1 for sows,
4 1-2 a 4 3-4 for barrows. A lot of old Barrows at
thinjj OTor icls. At retail, from 4 to 6.

In usins ll"s muWiine, tl„. farmer in:,j br ctuin tl,.,t
Ins s.'cd IS put inio the ground, and at llm /inme lime
■■• Jhe best possible mniuier. Tbere liits be:

Fni'lT. CIICVA.MICNI'AL TIIRI'-.N. Ac.

Kuiisr.nr or tvii.Liiii keniiick,
Of I'rticJi, Per. t'liim ,in,l Oieny Trttt,
rnllcciiiin iinriTalled in any formiT year, (or ex-
inivo iiiimU'ra of Anc Irrrn, ol new and fln«»l
ikN. I. urge BdiliiiniK (.f n.w. viiluolile, nr
Buiiful, arc jtJAt received Irani l*'urop<.,
UuosLliernci of firsi quality, Apples, tlunicei. firaps
\ iiies, K.ispl.crricsi, (Currents, .Sirawlicrrics, iic. The new
nbridijeil anil ilcscriplive Catalogue for I84J, will lie sent ti>
all who apply.

Ornamental Treen and Shrubs, Honeysuckles, &c. .Splen
<liil varieties of iloulje yellow Uurritiin and other Uoms—
"I Tree IVimies, of Ileibarenun I'lronie*, and mlier flowcr-
iiiR I'lant«-of dmiMc Dahlias, ic, Khubart) of first rate
newest kinds, Cockspur, 'rhurns, &c.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly

111 using tins RMWcr, the fsrincr ran save one fialf Jf
Ins seed, and do the work at less than ono qiiarler the
expense of the coaiinon woy of sowing, and \mta it
done in a much better manner; it opens the funow,
drop*, the seed, covers k over and rolls them down.
It will sow any kind of Garden Seed.s ; sny Kuta Baen,
Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips. Carrots, Beets, I'nrsnips, On-
lonB, ^. For sale at the New England Asriciiliiiral
Warehouse niid Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 Norili Mar-
ket street, by JOSEI'II BRECK <fc CO.
April 20

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected itilfi great care, weekly.
iBDS. Herds Grass, $'2 63 to 3 00 per bushel Red Top,

60 eeius. Clover— Norihcrn,. II to 12c.— Southern, 10
. Kl ax Seed, 81 53 to 1 S3 bii. Lucerne, 23 c. per lb.
ry Seed. $3 50 a 4 00 per bushel.
AliV. Sales of yellow flat corn 66, 66 1-2, and 67c.
ishcl; northern round, 67 1 -2c. Oats, few in market,
i better demand ; sales northern Rye, "lie per bushel

n — Northern, bushel — to do. Round Yellow —

-do. Southern Flat Yellow 66 a 67.— White do. 68 a 00
ley — a — —Rye, Xorlhcrn, 70 a — — Oats, South-

a 47 — Northern do. 49 to 50— Beans, per bushe|.75

)VR. Sales consist of Fredericksburg at $5 94, cash,
12 on 4 nios ; Baltimore wharf, garlicky, $3 62. cash.
City Mills, Id 37, on 4 mos ; Howard street, 86 cash,
12 a 6 13 3-4, oo short credit ; Genesee, 96 62 I -2,
ncy, (6 69 cash ; 400 bbls Ohio, S6 J3 3-4, and 600 do.
arrive, *6 a 6 12 1-2 |>er bbl.

timore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 86 12 a ilo

t5 87 a — do. free of garlic, S6 12 a Phila-

I do. 4 mos. 86 12 a — — Fredericksburg, lowl'J 4
6 00 a 6 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain,— Sj 87 a
toONXtowa, 86 12 a 6 23— Richmond Canal, S6 12 a
k. City, 87 00- Petctsburgh, City Mills, 86 oo a 6 12
!3oantry 83 67 a 6 00— Genesee, common, cash, .86 62 a
do fancy brands 86 69 0.6 75 — Ohio via Canal,
. 6 37— Indian Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 25.
• VISIONS. Sales by auction, 400 bbls Western
Pork, 10 76 a 81 1 37 ; 412 do Mess, 8 25 a $3 So ; 29
. ocdinaiy, 87 3." ; 390 do Prima, 86 12 ; 37 do Clear,
76 J 60 do Mess d-^ 7 75 a 37 87 j 121 do Prime, S4 a

—Mess, 4 mo. new bbl. 89 00 a 9 50 — Navy— 83 uO a
o. 1, $7 23 a 7 SO— do Prime 8175 a S 00— Pork-
clear, 4 mo. bbL 812 a — — do Clear ill a —
ess 83 25 a 3 50 — do Prime 86 2a a 6 59— do Mess
her States 9 23 a 8 SO.

)L. Duly. The value, whereof al the place of ei-
m shall not exceeds cts. per pound, free. Allwhere-
alue exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad vol. and
cr pound.

Uif-s nf this article have been during the past week,

■ ited extent, and prices are still unsettled.

Sixony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a 50 c. — Amer-

-lud, do 43 a 45— Do 3.4 do 33 a 40— Do. l-2do

— 1-4 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep,

20 a 23— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do

Sixany, clean, — Bucnns Ayres unpickc<l, 7 a 10—

picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Northern pulled lamb 37

lo. 1 do. do. do. 34 a 36 — No. 2 do do do 24 a 26-

0 dodo IS a 20.

S. The market continues the same for prices as ro-
ast week.

ri, Mass. 1841 per lb 8 a 10 2d dodo do 6 a 3.

, per ton, 813 to 22— Eastern Screwed 813 to 18
ESK — Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New 6 to3.
S, 12 a 16.

<

I

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH,

Great improvemems have been maile the past year in Ihe
form and workmanship o( these PImi-hs ; the mould bi nr.l
has hcen so formed as to Lv/ the furroia r^mnletch, onr
lum„q in cverij particle of grass or siubble, and ieamng the
ffrounil- in the best pos.-:ible manner. The length of the
moiiKI l.oard has h( n very much increased, so that Ihe
Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect t.
the bobUng and the team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked .is to which of the Ploughs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say to
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to work
try Prouty & Mear.s. but if your land is heavy, harj orrocky',

BEGIN WITH Mb. HoWABD'3.''

At the above me-,t;aned trial the Howard Pl-^uah did
more work, with the same pnccr of team, than any oilier
plough cxhibiled. No otherlumed mote than twcnlysceB
and one half inches, to tho 112 lbs. draught, while the
Howard J-'lou-rh turned twentynine and onclialf inches t»
power of team .' All acknowledge that Howanrs
are much the strongest and most sufistanlially

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe
or land side o( this, Plough, wliich can be renewed willniut
having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise secuies
the monid board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The iiricc of the Ploughs is from 86 to 815. A Plough
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about
810 50, and with cutter St, with wheel and cutter 82 eo
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
Ihe New England Agricultural Warehoise and Seed Stme,
Nos. 61 & p?. North Market Sueet, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.
April 20

li'>»lon. WILLIAM KKNRICK

Nonantuin Hill, Newton,
March 9. ept|2thjunc

GARDRN AND FIELD SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. have received their full supply
n| Garden and Field Seeds, which lliey v^arraut to be pur*
and fresh, as follows:
Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick <in.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowfat, A:c.
White Altriiigliam Carrot
Iiong Orange do.

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurizel Beet.
Sugar do.
Long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
lluta' Baga.

Tutnips in great variety.
Early and Laic Beans of
sorts.

SEED BARLEV, AKD UAT8.

For sale at No. 52 North Market St., a prime lot of Seed
Barley. Also English Oats. J. BKECK & CO.

Boston, April 6,

APPLE STOCKS.

The subscribers offer for sale 10,000 fine Apple

Stocks two years old.

JOSEPH BKECK .&. CO. No. 51 North Market
St. Boston. April 6.

the sa
Plougl
made.

FRUIT TREES.

Pot sale at the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass., a
choice collection of Apple, Peat, Plum, Cherry, and Peach
Trees. Also, a great variety of Scions cut from fruit bear-
ing Trees. Apply by mail to the Superiutendant.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem, April 6, i.;42. 3w

PEAK AND PLUM STOCUS.

For sale by SAMUEL PO.ND, Cambridgcpnrt. Also,
Asparagus roots. April 20.

FRUIT TREES.

A prime lot of large size Apple, Pear, and Plum lre«s, for
sale by J. BRECK 4i CO., No. 62 North Market «*.'
March 30 1812.

UllASS SEEDS.

Northern ond Southern Clover Seed— White Dulch do
— Lucerne-Herds Gras.s- Red Top-OrcharJ Grass— Fowl
Meudow Grasi,.-Oat Grass, Sic. Millet, Rape, Canary and
Hemp -ifd.'i Every variety of seed (or Agricultural or
Horticultuiat purposes, may he obtained at the Agricultural
Establisbmciil, t\o. 52 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

GOOSEBERRY BUSHES.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO , have received a prime lot of
Gooseberry Bushes from Scotland of the finest varieties.
For sale at 82 3; per dozen, of different sorts.

Boston, April 13.

MUCK MANUAL.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man-
ual for Farmers. By Dr S. L. Dasa; price *1.
Boston, April 13.

C.VMBRIDGEPORT iVURSERY.

SA.MUEL POND, Nurseryman, Columbia
street, Cambridgcport, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assortment of F K U I T TREES
SHRUBS, R O O T S , and V 1 N E s|
oinong them arc the best varieties of Apple)
Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grapevines, Asparagus,
■arslocUs, Apple do.. Plum do. , Currants, Goose-
berries, Raspberries, &c. Trees of an extra size always oo
hand. March 23.

APPLE SCIO.VS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of the following kinds, Baldwin, Greening, River, Porter,
Nonesuch, Peurmain, Sweetings, Sit. ikc. Also, a few of
the choice kinds o[ Pears and Plums. Orders left at J.
BRKCK & Co., or at the counting room of the subscriber.
S3 Wasliinglon St., Boston, or sent by mail, to Brighton, will
be piomptly attended lo. JAMEs L. L F. WARREN.

April 6.

336

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIL, 20. IS-la,

MISCELLANEOUS

THE BUCKET WHICH IIUNU IN THE WELL.

BY S. WOUDWOBTH.

IIow dear to my heart are the days of my childhood,

When fond recollection presents to my view

The orchard, iho meadow, the deep-langlcd wild wood,

And ev'ry luy'd spot which my infancy knew ;

The wide spreading pond, and the mill whicli stood

near it;
The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell,
The cot of my father, the dairy-house nigh il.
And e'en the rude bucket thai hung on the well —

The old oaken bucket,

The iron bound bucket,
The moss covered bucket that hung on the well.

Thai moss covered bucket I hail as B treasure ;
Forofltn at noon, when rctiirn'd from the field,
1 found it the source of an exquieltc pleasure,
'1 he purest and sweetest thai nature could yield.
Hi.w ardent I seized, with hands thai w«re glowing,
And quick to llio white pebbled bottom il fell ;
Then soon, with the emblem of truth overflowing,
And dripping with coolness, il rose from the well.

The old oaken bucket.

The iron bound bucket,
The moss covered bucket aioso from liie well.

How sweet from the green mossy rim to receive it,

As pois'd on the curb it inclined to my lips ;

Not a full flowing goblet could tempt me to leave it,

Tho' filled with the nectar that Jupiter sips.

And now, far removed from that situation,

Tho tear of regret will intrusively swell,

A» fancy reverts to my father's plantation.

And sighs for the bucket which hung in the well.

The old oaken bucket,

Tho iron bound bucket,
Tho moss covered bucket that hung on the well.

From the National Intelligencer.

REMKDY FOR RHEUMATISM.

Messrs. Editors — 1 crave at your hands on inser-
tion of the enclosed receipts for rhtumniic nnd
pstudurheiimutic pains. I have known them to
effect cures, after proper preparation, when all oth-
er means hav« failed. They have been a long
time in the hands of an empiric, and I havo gotten
possession of them by the death of the original
holder. I deem it my professional duty to have
Uiein published, and for this purpose need not ap-
peal to your well known humanity. I append my
name, that I may give them itn feeble atithority,
and enable sufferers to have them more fully ex-
plained. Very respectfully,

Thomas G. Cli.ntow, M. D.

ffathington City, March, 184a.

Receipt for Making the Ptisan of Calas.
Take 12 ounces of Sarsoparilla, 2 drachms of
Calomel, 1 oz. of Senna, (! dratlims of Coriander
seed, 1-2 drachm alum. Take the sarsaparilla and
calomel, wrapping tho latter in a linen towel, and
put them in a suitable bcll-nietal or copper pot.
Throw in five bottles of water, and mark the height ;
one fourth higher make another mark, and then
add ten bottles more of water, iioil these down
to the higher mark, and then put in, wrapped in
another towel, the three remaining drugs. Boil

all down to the lower mark ; take them then from
off the fire, cool, strain, and put the decoction in
five bottles.

Replace the drugs in the pot, with ten bottles
of water ; boil down to the lower mark ; cool,
strain, &c. as above, and yon have prepared llie
second ptisan.

Directions Take a bottle of the first ptisan

during a day ; that is, morning, before dinner, and
evening. 'I'akn also, at pleasure, during the same
time, a bottle of the second ptisan. If they ope-
rate too powerfully, cease taking No. 2. If in .^O
days you are not cured, discontinue the ptisans for
some time, and then recommence for 30 days more,
and so on.

Eat no salt, crude or unripe food, spice, &c.;
drink no strong liquors.

.1 Similar Receipt.

Take of Sarsaparilla 12 ounces, Sassafras 6
drachms, Giiiacum C grains, Calomel 2 drachms.
Coriander (i drachms, Alum 30 grains. Senna, 2
drachms. Iioil tlic three first drugs in fifteen
bottles of water, down to ten; put in the other
four, and boil down altogether to five bottles.

Remember to wrap the calomel and alum, and
suspend them so as not to touch the pot

on K.EN'S PATENT STRAI*' CDTTEH.

For Borws. — The safest and best application to
either a severe burn or scald, is soft cotton. In
many cases it is applied perfectly dry to the part,
and in others it is wetted on the side next the sore,
with a mixture of linie-woter and linseed oil. A
rag wetted with some substance may be used where
cotton cannot be had, but cotton is best, and no
house should be without a quantity of it.

A mess of scraped potato is excellent to be
bound on the part burnt, as soon as possible.

AKRICVIiTDRAL. IMPLEMEKTS, &.0

The Proprietors of the New Rntrland Agricultural Ware-
,'4ioiiseanri Seed Store No. 61 and 02 North Market street,
would intbrm their cusloiners and the public generally that
they have on h.Tn(l the most extensive assortment of Agri-
culluial and Horliciiilural Tools to l>e found iu the United
Slates. I'an of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovels.

Iron Ploii;lis.

IGO " Common do.

300 Common do. do.

too " Spades.

GOO " GrmssScyl'ncs.

200 Cultivators.

too firecnc's Straw Cullers.

30O " Patent Snailhi;.

50 Willis' do. do.

200 " Common do.

100 Common do. do.

500 " Hay Rakes.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden do.

.Shellors.

200 " Manure Forks.

GO Common do do.

300 " Hay do.

2uO Willis' Seed .Sowers.

GOO Pair Trace Chains.

60 " VcRcl^ble Cutters

100 " Truck do.

BO Common do. do.

100 Draft do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

500 Tie up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

GO doz. Haller do.

too Ox Yokes.

1000 vards Fence do.

1500 Doz- Scythe Stones.

■25 Grind Stones on rollers.

3000 '• Austin's Rifles.

Slarch 17.

JOSF.PH BRECK & CO. al the New England Agrtt
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and 62 North j
kei Sircct, have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hay i
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle not b«l
applied toaay implement fonhis purpose. The nio«t pn
inenl ctfects of this application, and »ome of ihe conscqu
peculiarities of llie machine arc :

1. So great a reduction of the quantum of power renin
to use il, that the strength of a half grown boy is sumci
to work it etficienlly.

2. With even this moderate power, it easily cuts two bo
els a minute, which is full twice as last as has Lceii claii
by any other machine even when worked by horse or sK
power.

,1. The knives, owing lo the peculiar manner in wliicht
cut, require sharpening less often than those of any M
straw cutter.

4. The machine is simple in its construction, made and
together very strongly. It is therefore net so liollc at
complicated machines in general use to gel nut nfordM

SEEDS FOR HOT BEOS.

Tlie subscribers offer for sale a great variety of Vagi
hie Seeds desirable for th« Hot bed, as follows,
Nonpariel Cabbage. Early Cauliflower

Early Hope do. " Broccoli, of sorts

Early Synot's Ciieumhe
F.ne Long Green do.
Ei^ Plant.

Knr sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New»
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 and 62 North Mar
Street, Boston. March I

Celery, superior sorts.
Sweel Marjornm.

FL.01VER SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK; & CO., Nos. 61 and 62 North II
ket street, otfer for sale their usual variety of Flower Sm
comprising all that are desirable for cuiliTdlioo.

Boston, slarch 9lh, IS42.

FOR 8AL.E,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from HI
months old. E. PHINNET

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TYE I'P CHAINS.

Just received by 600 Chains for tyeing up Cattle.

These chains, introduceil by E. H.' Derbt, Esq. MSA
and Col. Jacuuks, for the purpose of securing cattle M'
stall, are found l<7 be the safest and most convenient W
of fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

POUDKETTE.

600 Barrels Poudreile may be had on application In tl.e
subscriber, al t2 per barrel of Jour bushels each — delivered
on board of vessel in this city. Orders bj' mail, enclosing
the money will be promptly attended lo, if received soon ly
D. K. MINOR, Agent, 120 Nassau St., New York.

Jan, 6, 1842.

SON DIALS.

Just receive<l a few of Sheldon & Moire's, Sun Dials, ii
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the liiu«
nf day in the garden or field. Price "6 cents. For sala hj
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 61 and 62 North Market St.

Sept I.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For salt by J. BRECK tO
No. 62 North Market st.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just fereived from England, 10,000 feet Chains, aitt
for Fences or other pur|>oses. For sale by J. BREtCI
CO., No. 62 North Market st. A pril II

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a regnlMI
prenliceship in Europe, and has had seveu years' eipaiM
in this coiiiilry. Tho best of reference given. Addiwt
D. at this office. Murtb i

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLT PAPKR.

Terms, $2 per year in odeance, or^^ .'O ifnotps
within thirty days.

N. B. — Postmasters aro permitted by law to frMlk>
subscriptions and remittanci.a for newspapers, wUi* ,,
expense to subscribers.

TVTTLB AND DIHKETT, PaiNTIHI.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

PUBLISHKD BV JOSEPH BRECK i CO., NO. 5S NOUTH MAllKET STIIEET,

(AaaiouLTvaAL WABCHOuax.

-.\LLEN PUTNAM, EUlloU.

.i.XT.3 BOSTON, WEDNIvSn.W KVEMNC

.\PKIL 27, 1842.

two.

4».

N. E. FARMER.

CATTLE SHOW
Bridgticaier, on Wednesday, October 12, 1842.
liiit ,or Premiums proposed by tlio Piymoutli
inly Agricultural Society :

State Premiums.
The MsBSBchuselt-s Society for the Promotion of
riculture, ulTer the following; premiums for Stock,
le exhibited from any County of the Common-
tith, at Bri(l<;cwater, on Wednesday, tlie 12tli
Dctouer, next, at the annual Cattle Show of the
mouth County Agricultural Society, viz:
Tor the best full-blooded Bull of an impor-
breed, not less than one year old, assu-
ee being given that he shall be kept for use
±e Commoawealth at least nine months, $20
Por Bccond best, (same requisitions,) 10

?0T th* best milch Cow, full blood, of an
•orted breed, not less than three nor more
tea years old, with satisfactory evidence
to the quantity of her milk and the manner
rhicb she has been fed, 15

'or second best, (same requisitions,) 7

?orthe best full blooded Heifer, of impor-
breed, that has been milked not less than
le months, with satisfactory evidence of
quantity and quality of her milk, 10

?or second best, (same requisitions,) 3

'Tor the best full blooded Heifer, of an im-
ited breed, of any age, 5

"Tor the best pair of Working Oxen, taking

flew their size, power and training, 12

"or second best do. do. C

'^or the best pair of three years old steers,
ing into view their size, power and training, 6
'"'or second best do. do. 4

Claims to the above premiums must be entered
•rriting, with Benj. Guild, Esq., Boston, Record-
Secretary of the Massachusetts Society for
imoting Agriculture, on or before the 1st of De-
er next : also in like manner, notice must be
en to Abram Washburn 2d, of Itridgewaler, at
5t three days previous to the exhibition.

Improvements.
To the person who shall on the first day of
Jtember, 1642, have the largest quantity of
d in the best slato of preparation for Eng-
1 mowing, which was swampland or fresh
adow, June Ist, Idll, .*25

Second premium for tlie same object, 1.5

Third do. do. 10

Po the person who shall before the first day
October next, produce the greatest quantity
cocoons by feeding the worms on the leaves
the Chinese mulberry tree or shrub, 15

Becond premium for the same object, 10

Third do. do. 3

[Claimanls of the above premiums will be
(uired to feed successfully, not less than
30 worms, ond to slate in writing the mon-
r of cultivating the trees or shrubs on which
|t worms were fed, the kind of soil, the quan-

tity and kind of manure, if any used, &,c. Al-
so the manner in which the c^g9 were pre-
served, the time and manner of hatching the
worms, and all the particularci relating to feed-
ing, taking care of the worms, and preserving
the cocoons, with an account of the whcile ex-
pense.] •

To every person in the county who shall
build before September, 1842, one hundred rods
of stone wall, '.>

For every additional hundred rods, I'i

And in the same proportion for fractional
parts of a hundred rods, after two hundred have
been built. Provided the sum awarded shall
not exceed $100, and incase the claims under
the above offer shall amount to more than that
sum, the committee shall make a pro rata de-
duction so as not to exceed IJIGO.

To the person who shall collect the great-
est quantity of any kind of material, (except-
ing manure from stock,) which in the opinion
of the committee shall more than pay the cost
of collecting and spreading on his farm, be-
tween the first day of September last, and the
first day of September next, not less than 400
loads, 40 cubic feet considered a load, 20

A second premium for the same object, not
less than 300 loads, 1.5

A third, not less than 250 loads, 12

A fourth, not less than 200 loads, 10

For the most accurate and satisfactory ex-
periment in the application of manure, which
was commenced according to the directions of
the Trustees, in 1840, 25

The committee are authorized to distribute 6
vols, of the New England Fjirmer, and 8 of Mass.
Ploughman.

N. B. Claims to be made on or before the first
day of August, 1842, to Isaac Alden, East Bridi'C-
water. Claimants, to entitle themselves to the
above offered premiums, must make a particular
statement in writing, of their several operations.
Produce.
For the greatest quantity of Wheat, raised
on not less than one acre of land, nor less
than twentyfive bushels, $13

For the next greatest quantity, not less llian
twenty bushels, lo

For the next greatest quantity, do. do. 5

For the best crop of Indian Corn raised on
one acre, not less than 00 bushel.", (75 lbs. in
the ear considered a bushel,) not to be harvest-
ed before the ]5th of October, 1842, 15
For the next best crop, ]0
Next best do. 5
For the greatest quantity of Barley on an
acre, not less than .'10 bushels, 8
Second premium, do. 5
For the best crop of Potatoes of any kind,
on not less than one acre of land, and not less
than 40O bushels to the acre, 10

For the next best do., not less than 300
bushels, (50 lbs. to bo considered a bushel of
every kind of root except onions,) 8

• 8
'6

10

For the best crop of Onts on not less than
one acre, and not less than 50 bushels to the
acre,

For the next best do.

For the greatest number of bushels of Rye
raised on an acre, and not less than 30 bushels.

For tho next best do.

For the greatest quantity of White Beans
raised on half an acre, not less than 15 bush-
els to the acre.

For the next do.

For the greatest quantity of Carrots raised
on not leas than half on acre of land, and not
less than 300 bushels to the acre,

For the next greatest quantity on a quarter
of an acre, 5

For the greatest quantity of Onions, on not
less than a quarter of an acre of land, and not
lees than 75 bushels, .";

For the greatest quantity of Sugar Beets
raised on not less than a quarter of an acre of
land, r,

If the sugar should be extracted from the
beets, and a satisfactory account of thcproces-
ses given, the premium will be trebled.

For the greatest quantity of common Tur-
nips on half an acre, net less than 300 bush-
els to the acre, 5

For the best crop of Ruta Baga Turnips on
half an acre, not less than 400 iiushels to the
acre, 5

For the best crop do. on not less than one
quarter of an acre of land, 3

The Committee are authorized to distribute 8
vols, of the New England Farmer, and 8 of Mass.
Plowman, as additions to the above premiums, cr
as gratuities to unsuccesEful claimants, according
to their judgment of merit.

P. S. 't will be required of claimants of the
above premiums, to state in writing tho condition oT
the land at tJie time the course of cultivation for
the approaching season may commence, and the
several operations in that cultivation ; and the
amount of produce must be attested by the owner
and one laborer.

A certificate of the measurement of the land by-
some respectable surveyor, will be required. Claimsr
to be made on or before Oct. 12th, 1842, but the
evidence of the amount of crops need not be pro-
duced until the 1st of November next. Communi-
cations to be made to A.nthont Collamouk, Pem-
broke, Chairman of Committee on Produce.

N. B. Without a strict compliance with the-
above conditions, the committee have determiued
not to award premiums.

Slock.

For the be.st Milch Cow^ not less than 3
years old.

For the next best do.

For the best Heifer, hoving had a calf.

For the next best do.

For the best Heifer, not having had a calf,
not less than one nor more than 3 years old.

For the next best do.

$10

338

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIL «7, 184

$10
8
G
3

"For the best Bull of native or mixed l>reed,
f) itit leH3 than one year old, 8

For llie iicjtl best dn. 5

For the best Bull Calf, not less than five
I -iionths old, 4

For tl>e next best do. 3

For the best Heifor Calf, 4

For the next best do. 3

The coininitlcc arc aiilhorized to distribute 3
»ols. of the Nov England Fanner, and 3 of Mass.
Pluughinan.

Beef Cattle and Swine.

For the best fat Ox,

For the next best do.

For the best fat Cow,

For the next best do.

For the best Pigs of the lierkshirc or Mack-
liy breed, not less than three montha old, a
male and female, assuranco being given that
Ihey shall be kept in the county at least one
year from the day of exhibition,

The committee are authorized to distribute 2
•♦ols. of the New England Farmer, and 2 of Mass
Plonghman.

Cattle not to be removed frotn the pens before
one o'clock, P. M. Claimants for premiums on
stock, and beef cattle and swine, are required to
■exhibit to the comniittec evidence of the mode of
Tearing and treating animals otTered for premium.
The conunittccs will please strictly to enforce ihis
requisition and award no premiam for a milch cow,
unless the quantity of milk and butter produced for
nt least ten days in each of the months, June and
September, be accurately stated.

Animals must have been kept in the county six
months, to entitle them to premiums.

Claims for stock of every sort, and entries for
the plowing match, to be made on or before Octo-
ber 8th, 1842, to Abram Washburn, 2d, Bridge-
n-ater.

}forking ^en and Steers.

For the best pair of Working Oxen, raised
4nd trained in the county,'

For the next best do.

For the best pair of Steers, not less than
two nor more than three years old,

For the next best do.

For the best pair of Yearling Steers, accus-
tomed to the yoke.

For the next best do.

The committee arc authorized to distribute 2 »ols.
of the New England Farmer and 2 of Mass. Plough-
man.

Plowing .Match.

The Plowing Match will commence at 9 o'clock,
A. AI. on the day of exhibition.

Ist premium, (10

3d do. 8

3d do. C

4tb do. 4

5lh do. 3

The work muit bo performed with one yoke of
oxen.

The comtnittee are authorised to distribute 3
vols, of the New England Farmer and 3 of Mass.
Ploughman.

Articles of the Dairy.

For the best Butter, not less than 30 lbs. $5

For next best do. not less than 20 lbs. 3

For the next best do. Jo. 2

For the best Cheese, not less than V50 lb». 5
For next best dci. not Ic^s than 100 lbs. 3

For the next best do. do. 'Z

The committee are authorized to distribute 2

vols, of the New England Farmer and 2 of Mass.

Ploughman.

Fiuiis and Vegetables.
The Committee on Fruits and VegntabJcs
are authorized to distribute .$20 for extraordi-
nary Fruits and Vegetables that may be de-
posited for exhibition. $20

Inventi'ons.

The Committee on Inventions ar(i author-
ized to distribute for inventions and improve-
ments in the structure of implements of agri-
culture, &c., as rewards of ingenuity, $20

The committee are authorized to distribute 2 vols,
of the New England Farmer and 2 of Mass. Plough-
man.

Bonnets and Fancy AriicUs.
The committee on articles of Usefulness
and Faacy, arc authorized to award $50

J\IanuJa.clttres.
The committee on Cloths and the most use-
ful articles of Household manufacture, arc au-
thorized to award in premiums, according to
their judgment of the comparative excellence
and utility oftlie articles presented, $7.5

Cocoons and Siik.

To the person who shall raise and exhibit
the largest quantity of Cocoons, $4

For the next greatest quantity, 3

For the next do. do. 2

For every ounce of Wrought Silk, raised
and worked in the county, 10 cents.

Articles which have received a premium, are
not entitled to a premium afterwards. If a com-
petitor for any of the Society's premiums shall be
discovered to have used any deception or disin-
genuous measures by which the objects of the So-
ciety have been defeated, such person shall not
only forfeit the premium which may have been
awarded to him, but be rendered incapable of being
ever after a competitor for any of the Society's
premiums.

P. S. Cloths, faflcy articles, products of the
dairy, cocoons and silks, articles of invention,
fruits, vegetables, &.C., must be deposited in the
Academy Ilall, before 9 o'clock, A. M. on the day
of exhibition.

Articles manufactured out of the County of Ply-
mouth not admissablc.

Premiums Claimable in Fidure Years.

1. To the person who shall on the first day
of September, 181.3, have the largest quantity
of land in the best state of preparation for
English mowing, which is now fresh meadow

or swamp land, .'?2.'>

2. Second premium for the same object, IT)

3. Third do. do. 10

4. To the person who shall make the most
valuoble and extensive general improvements

on his farm, before September 1st, IBltJ, .'JO

.5. To the person who shall make the next

most valuable improvements, 30

(i. For the most extensive forest of any sort

of trees suitable for limber, raised from the

seed, not lass than I GOO trees to the acre,

which shall be in the meet flourishing eoodi'
tion, and more than five years old in Septem
ber, 1845, k

7. Second premium for the same object, |

8. Third do. do. |

9. To the person who shall make the most %
satisfactory experiment to determine the best'
time to cut oak and other forest trees wliichl
start from the stump, to insure the most flour--^
ishing succeeding growth, the pceniium claim- {
able in 1844, '{

10. For the best plantation of oak or other
forest trees, suitable fur ship timber, not lest,
tlian 1000 trees per acre, to be raised froih'
the seed, which shall be in the most thriving
condition, and more than three years old ia
September, 1847,

1 1. Second premium for the same object.
Claims to these premiums numbered l,2*a^

must be niaile to Isaac Aldf.n, of East Dridge
ler, on or before the first day of June, lfc'42, !
the committee may acquaint themselves witfapf '
condition of the land at that time, and beccra*-'!'*
ter ijualified to judge of the actual improvemM '

Premiums not demanded within a year, wil '
considered as generously given to promote the '
jects of the Society. And on all premiums al '
live dollars, awarded to gentlemen not member '
the Society, the Treasurer is directed to mak '
deduction of twentyfive per cent., to increast !
funds. '

Thi; Trustees will not consider themselves (M-
cd by the terms of the above offers, to give a|||'
niiuin in any case, when it shall be evident Bf
h;i8 been no competition, nor more than ori|ll|
exertion. ^

All entries for premiums may be made by ]ett
post paid. Letters unpaid, will not be considtl
By order of the Trustees,

ANTIIONV COLLAMORB

Bridgewaler, Jan. 1642.

Cabbage Worms. — A writer in the Southern (
tivator says, " he had a square of very fine cat
ges in his garden, upon which the worms had Ci
menccd making great ravages. Pennyroyal '
gathered niid s;;atterod over the cabbage he
plentifully, and the work of destruction ceaM
The writer did not know whether the discoT
was a new one, but it seems to have been a r
easy and effectual one, and well worth a trial.
Mb. Ctdl.

For Bots in Hurset. — Apply spirits of turpi
tino to the hollow of the breast, warm it in wjtl
hot shovel : it will rout them immediately.

For Cholic. — Put in a bottle 3 gills of spiii
say whiskey ; 1 spoonful of gunpowder ; 1 Bpo<
ful of cayenne pepper, or 2 of black — add, if C«
venient, o wild turnip grated ; turn the mixtt
down and move it lively. If it is an obstinate e|^
repeal the dose, and he is well, in either wil
bloat, or gripo cholic, in short metre. — .Vouttt
.Igriculiurisl.

A Chance for the Industrious Gen. WilsoB,

Iowa, in a late address, stated that the price
shoeing a horse in Iowa is $5, and thai it takM
wagon load of corn to pay for it. He says a au
who knows how to hammer iron, can make nw
money than a member of Congress.

• t . x\. sro. 41

AND H 0 R T I C U L T 17 R A I. REGISTER

339

Tor iho N. E. Kariner.

' i;ttjng hay bv gufss.

iToR— I find in tho N. E. Farmer of

I. nn (irticio headr-d ■• No luifssinp

llay," from my old friend and townsman,
- Uriglinin, nnd ihonjii it comes from so
yisuio i» source, I fesr Hint it is not quite or-
r, and in my opinion is fraupht wiili danger
agricultural commiiiiily. I have waited till
expecting tlial an abler hand would have an-
J It : as It i.1 not done, I feel constrained tn
few word;-. And my ohject in what I om
to puess, (for f have neither weighed nor
red) is, to renioTC the erroneous impression
Ihink might he made on the minds of some,
ursory view ,.f that article, " and that the
agriculture) receive no damage."
ting hay is a subject on which I have read
ought muih, and practiced u lillle.
,T« r«ad the N. E. Farmer most of the time
lU first publication, and there has been much
I on this subject; and well there might be,
:lie farmer it is an important one. And as I
working with my hands," to get a living,
metimcs it not only makes my face sweat,
back too, as I presume it does Capt. B.'s,
says that he gets his bread by the sweat of
!, and I conclude he thinks the more sweat
re bread. Not so with me : the less sweat
'er, — I want the easiest way, and then I
«nes have to cat my bread while my brow is
led with sweat, especially when my porridge
•warm. But there are other men, such as
.incolD and Webster, and many others, " good
id true," that do not farm to get a living,
Capt B. aayo, " live for the sake of farming."

would say, live for the sake of farming for

; of doing good — and I hope for tho inte-
.he farmers, that they will live long—for to
ch, scientific, independent minded experi-
, the agricultural community are indebted
5t of tho very valuable improvements that
■en made in the king of sciences.
was saying, cutting hay is an important
I have taken pains to consult those who
lit the most competent to judge in the case,
T very mature deliberation on tho subject,
ed to " guess" that it would he best to cut
And then the next question was, how
lo it.' What is the best machine to do it?
10 Boston and examined all the hay. cutters
find : I then went to Bolton, lo see the
Whitneys' machine with which they cut by
«wer all the hay for a large stock of cattle,
e forty head. I next went to Worcester to
Hovey's cutter, and I think it a very good
«t he had never made one so large as I
one to go by horse power. I finally
that Green's was the hest fashion I had
[ accordingly went to Rhode Inland ami
<1 Mr Greene on the subject. I found that
making precisely the thing I wanted. He
I it would cut, by a good horse power, ten
an hour. We soon struck a bargain for
liars, and he was to send it to me as soon
led, and come and see that it performed
g tu the recommendation. The 30th of
er he came, but my horse power was rot
idy to operate, and we concluded to do the
could by hand, and found that it cut at the
20()0 lbs. in sixtythree minutes — nearly
much as was warranted,
that time I have cut all my fodder fur six

yonrluigs, thr.a two year olds, four horH<<s, four ox. , no saving in Iho quantity of h:.y by cuttin- " And
on and thirtye.ght cows-fiflylive in all, mo.tof.h... fHrtl.o, aays, " Nor do I believe that g.md clears
Ihcm grown cattle, and ton of tho cow, gave milk hny pays the expense of cutting for any stock unJ
all winter, and required much more hay than they loss it be for a horse." Now, I would n«k of what
would have done bad they been dry—which is use it ia to lay an article into tho scales, and «-u..„
al.oi.t twenty per cent, more stock than I have at tho weight .' If you inl.-nd to go by guess dis-
iiHiiolly kept. And besides this, in consequence of I pcnse with the scales entirely and wo will call iL
selling my stock and hay a few ycnr- since, my '" guess" work. I want facts, when F pretend to
m.inure was lose, and the season was unfavorable | weigh. • • . . y^,|j now Mr IMi
for grass, nnd my stock of hay was sJiortcned, I , tor, to conclude this article, which I fear will' be

, ' i " P'"""*'" "'"« •"■ •<•" '«""• 't is true tliat I considered like tho old minister's sermon After

have bought tJiis son.-ion, as I generally do. several the delivery of ,i, he inquired of a friend how he
tons of coarse hay and .straw to bi-d my oatllc and ' liked it ; but he declined answering directly but
■tiogs-three or four tons more than usual, nnd the old divine pressed him so hard that ho .aid if
some of ,t I have cut for my cattle— and I have j he must give his opinion, ho would say that it was
kept forty iKigs, which is about three times my the /rnnw/, the /c.ffM/, and the /«n<«/ sermon that
common number, and as fate would have it, they he ever heard. After you have looked at this scrib
began at the commencement of cold weather to ble, you will lay it on the table, fling it under the
wet their nests, and during the winter, notwith.stand- table, or do with it as you please. With two or '
ing all my efforts to prevent it, they became the ! three more " guesses," I finish. I have "guessed"
mosl inveterate piss-a-bcds, and it required very I by Capt B.'s weighing, that there was a savinjr in
considerable daily draughts from the hay-mow to good clear hay of fifteen per cent by cutting and.
make them comfortable— enough to keep, I should "guess" that in poor hay and corn stover the'sav-
" guess," three or four cows. It will be recolloc- ing would be three times as much. And I " guess"
ted that I did not commence cutting my hay tillihe that Capt B. made some of his calculations by •
last of December, and by this time I had made '«oo»sAine, and that if he will wipe his glasses'
fearful havoc of my hay. Now, if I had began to clean and take good clear sunshine, and take into-

cut my hay the first of November, I will venture to
"guess" that I should have made a saving of at
least thirty per cent, by cutting my hay. This
-you will perceive is cutting hay by "guess."

Biit before I quit, I want to " guess" a little at
friend Brigham's "no guessing." And in the first
place, I " guess" that where friend B. weighed, he
found that there was eight per cent. less given to
tho cattle and seven per cent less wasted, or that
was not eaten, when it was cut. Hero I " guess" is
a saving of about fifteen per cent. — which is worth
looking after in a large stock of cattle. I do not
know as it has ever been a question amongst far-
mers, whether cattle could be made to cat more or
less by having tho feed cut A man, or a horse, or
an o.v, or hog, may eat too much as well as not
enough : — Th« question is, will hay that is cut,
afford enough more nutriment or "stick by the ribs"
enough better, and be enough less wasted or left
that the cattle would not eat, and keep the cattle
in the same condilion, to pay the expense and
trouble of cutting? I might cut tho feed for my
cattle and they might be in so high order in the
spring, that I might think that tlicir extraordinary
condition might amply pay for cutting. But there
might another question arise: have they not eaten
enough more in consequence of having the food
cut, to make a balance against cutting ? In order
to know what is the best way, we must take into
view the condition of the stock, the expense of cut-
ting, and tho quantity of hay consumed.

Friend B. says that " coarse clover and coarse
meadow hay pays well for cutting, because cattle
will eat more, not less." I rather "guess" that
friend B. " guessed" at that, for he does not pre.
tend that he weighed for it — and as for their eat-
ing more for having it cut, I "guess" that he did
not "guess" right, for it is rather against all expe-
rience on the subject — and as to the gain or loss
on the cows kept on cut feed a week and then on
whole hay, Capt B. does not pretend even to
"gucsb" — nnd tho time is so short, that it could not
be determined with any degree of certainty, if the
gain or loss were not very marked.

He says that he " is thoroughly convinced (by
which I "guess" that he " guesses") that there is

view the whole subject— the good condition of hi
stock nnd the saving of fodder— he will come to
the conclusion that there is a saving of at least 30
per cent, by cutting hay, or I will lose my "guess."
SAM'L CHAMBERLAIN.
ffestboro', JipriiW, 1842.

0"This articlo from Mr Chamberlain, is more
cutting upon Capt Brigham than we like — for cer-
tainly Capt. B. made a nearer approach to a fair-
experiment than most others do who give us the re-
sults of chopping Fred. We were surprised at the •
result at which he arrived, and we think that far-
ther experiments will show that he haa not reached
the bottom of (he matter. But wo have no dispo-
sition to raise or join in a laugh at him for what ho
has done ari' written. We in-^iert Mr C.'s commu-
nication beer: :se it cxprr.sses the opinion of a prac-
tical man upon a question of practical consequence,
and not because we'tliink it just in its tone towards
Capt. Brigham Eu.

Cure for Canker Rash and ScarM Fever. Wc

are requested by an aged and esteemed friend, to
give for the benefit of the public, now so severely
afflicted in their families by this frightful malady,
the following recipe f<ir the cure of scarlet fever
and canker-rash. It was the only medicine admin-
istered by the late Dr. Porkins, of Dartmouth Col-
lego, in these cases ; and it rarely if ever failed of
effecting a cure. Its simplicity renders it not only
available to every family in the community, but is
a guaranlue of Its harmlessness, if it does not ef- ■
feet a cure.

Recipe. — Take the inner sole of nn old shoe,
and burn it to a coal — pulverize this coal, and ad- '
minister half a toaspoonful, with (hreo or four drops "^
of spirits of turpentine, every half hour. It can b» j
rendered more palatable by sugar, if necessary. — •'
Haverhill (.V. H.) Mgia.

Cure Jar IVieunuHitm. — Take a mess of rock- •
weed ; boil it two hours till the liquor has the ap-
pearance of thin glue ; with this rub the part affect- -
ed, and immediate relief will follow.

Deacon Jacob Dodge, of Wenham, telli ua h«-/

has tried tliis and found it an excellent recipe

Mass. Ploughman.

340

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL S7, 1S4I

Trom Dr. Dana's Muck Manual.

IRllfGATtONT.

Before it can be uiiJerstooJ how irriffallon acts,
Set it be considered liow pure wnlcr nets ; it is imt
Baid rain waler, for that acts in a double way, both
by iti purity and impurity. The moro impure, the
better niamiro is water. The purer water is, the
Jess is it fit for irrigation.

Pure waler acts only by its air. All water ex-
posed to air, alEorbs dilferent proportions of its
oxygen and nitrogen. This is a very slow process.
It is found that most natural waters give out, by
boiling, from every hundred cubic inches of water,
;J 1-2 cubic inches of air. This air contains 8 or !)
per cent. mor» oxygen than an equal bulk of com-
mon air. Wati;r is generally tilled or saturated
with air ; it will tako up no more by a month's ex-
posure. If this waler is boiled, and again c.\po3cd
to air, it will absorb, in 24 hours, as follows : Let
there be taken any number of measures of air,
which are composed of 20 of oxygen and 80 of ni-
trogen. If 100 measures are absorbed by water, it
is in this proportion — 4C.43 of nitrogen, 5;i.57 of
■oxygen : so that oxygen is three times more ab-
sorbable than nitrogen.

If, now, there is expelled by boiling, the air
from pond or river water, it is found to contain
45.2y of nitrogen, J8.(>3 of o.\ygen: so that two
thirds of the oxygon have disappeared ; this is the
only fact which concerns the farmer. The oxy-
gen has been absorbed by natural waters, and two
thirds retained. What has become of it .^ It has
gone — it is not said all of it, but in irrigation a
large portion — to convert insoluble into soluble
geine. Irrigation is chiefly employed on grass
lands. The green award hero may not be broken
up. What if it was.' What if, by plowing, it
was exposed to the action of the nir? Remember
the properties of geinc. Air converts the insoluble
to souble, by forming carbonic acid — that is, the
• ir combines with the carbon of the geine, and
forms that gas. Give the geine this oxygen, con-
densed in water : wet it with this concentrated oxy .
gen, crowd it into geine, ss would be done by over-
flowing a meadow with water. It penetrates every
crack and cranny, and every 'mole's-eye hole; it
expels the carbonic acid im;-i86nc(l under the sod.
It is doing the saiiio work upon the untouched
green sward, which would bo effected by plowing
and tillage. The long and the short of the whole
action of irtigation with pure limpid water is, that
its absorbed oxygen, converts insoluble to soluble
geinc. Is this explanation which science offers,
confirmed by practice ? The appeal is made to
all who have attended either to the theory or prac-
tice of irrigation, to bear witness lo its truth. Is
it not admitted that running waters are alone fit for
this purpose .' That after remaining a few days,
Ihey are abated and a new flood must cover the
land .^ Is not this necessity of renewing at short
periods, the covering of water, which shows no de-
posit, a proof that it has given up some invisible
agent to fertilize the earth ? Tim invisible agent
is oxygen. Is it not evident from the extreme
slowness with which nir is obsorbed by water, that,
if it were not for the running water, which every
few days replaces that which has acted, that the
practice of irrigation with pure water could be never
successful ?

This 18 tho principle, a principle which, having
been wholly overlooked, has led lo a waste of

time and money, and has given to irrigation, in
many minds, the odor, if not of a bad, at least, of a
useless practice. Where, guided by this light of
science, grass lands can be irrigated, let it be
done. If the experience of the most enlightened
agriculturists in Europe is not all deception, by
simple irrigation with running water, tho farmer
may cut two tons of hay, where he toils and sweats
to rake off one.

But by far the most fertile source of increasing
crops by irrigation, is found in the impurity of wa-
ter; the salts and suspended matter, the slime and
genial mud of freshets. Perhaps the elTects due
to this cause, cannot be better illustrated, than by
a statement of those substances and their amount,
which fill the waters of the Merrimack — a flood of
blessings! which rolls by those engaged in the
din and hot haste of manufacture, as unheeded as
was the carthqiir.ke, which thundered and trembled,
and rolled away under the feet of the fierce sol-
diery, in an oncicnt battle. In the year 1838,
during twentythree days of freshets, from May till
November, no less than 71,874,003 pounds of geine
and salts rolled by the city of Lowell, borne sea-
ward. During the five days of the great freshet,
from January 28th to February let, 183!t, no less
than 35,970,807 pounds of the same matter rolled
by, at from the rate of 112, 128 pounds, to 20,40,5,-
3'J7 pounds per day ; each cubic foot of water bear-
ing onwards from 1 1-2 to 30 1-2 grains. This is
only the suspended matter. That which is chemi-
cally dissolved by the waters, the fine filmy deposit,
which occurs in a few days after the coarser and
grosser matters subside, and tho matter ordinarily
suspended in the water of the river added to the
above, for the year 1838, give a grand total of
8.39,181 tons of salts and geine, which wero rolled
down in the water of the Merrimack river.

What is this matter.' Is it of any agricultural
value .' The answer to the first question will an-
swer both. The dissolved salts are sulphate and
geate of liine, and the fine deposit occurring after
the water has settled, is composed of one half of
geine, and the remainder of salts of lime and sili-
cates. Tho great agricultural value is found in
the clayey deposit which occurs in tho first few
days. Tho coarser part, that which collects about
the foot of rocks, and falls, and eddies, is composed
as follows :

Geine, 3.92

Silex, 72.70

Oxide of iron, 9.)5

Alumina, 8.30

Lime, o..'51

Magnesia, 0.10

But considering tho elements as we have usually
treated tliem, as silicates, salts and geine, tho com-
position of the several deposits is shown in the fol-
lowing table :

delne. Sulph. Phot, of Sili-

Soluble, /nsolu. of lime. lime. eaten.

The coarse de-
posit above.

Freshet, 18.39,

Freshet, July
7-18, '39,

If the doctrine of the action of silicates, salts
and geinc, upon each other when aided by growing
plants, i^ considered, it cannot fail to bo perceived
that tho fertility of soils, periodically overflowed by
turbid waters, is owing to the elements, salts and
geine which it contains, and to the exquisitely

2.06

1.86

0.74

0.90

94.14

5.40

t;..50

2.34

1.20

84.00

8.80

6.30

3.20

O.GO

81.20

finely divided slate of the silicates which form til*
bulk of the deposit. The carbonic acid of the
acts on cich atom of silicate, while owing to tl i"
geine having been, as it were, irrii^ated, the ox
gen of tho air and wotcr, must put that into
stale lo evolve carbonic acid. Hence, the silicat. i
are at once decomposed, and their alkali liberate 1
How beautiful! It seems like a special intcrpoti
lion of that Beneficent Power, whose blessing 1
while they fill us with wondering admiration, 1
the infinite skill which directs every change in tt
iiiatcrial universe, should teach iis also, that thw li
changes are held up to us, not only to admire, bi
in some hiimblo degree lo iiiiilnte. Whenevi
man, " tho fuithful servant and interpreter'of in i.
lure," has thus learned the lessons propounded I ^
an Infinite mind, he finds when he humbly imitati V
nature's laws, she is a kind and indulgent paran ■,
She opens her hand liberally, and gives fertility b ,!
irrigation, and rivers and streams like holy wati '.
sprinkled by a reverend father, fructify all they b(
dew. With hearts thus attuned by the obsem
lion ff the laws of nature, they respond to the n«
tic vibrations, caused by the descent of genial aiiil
fertilizing showers.

Rain is only natural irrigation: tho water ^t
found, like that of rivers, rich in oxygen and cn."
ganic matter. The fertilizing power of rain, is n
fcrrcd to the same causes which lead to irri-'atioi
to the salts and geinc, which rain water contaiB
Several chemists have proved the existence of iii j
line matters and organic substances in the air. TbI ^
falling rain carries down with it sails of ammonil
of lime, and a flocky organic matter. These «l
may be supposed floating in the nir. The dr
soils give to the winds nn impalpable dust, its sili
cates and geine. When hailstones, which
been formsd in the regions of perpetual frost, ex
bit almost tho same substances which arecontaL
in rain water, the height at which these matti
float, would almost compel the supposition ibn
they exist in a gaseous state. From the examioM ,1
tiun of hailstones, by Girardin, a I'rwnch chcmir'
it appears that no sensible trace of ammonia
detected during the evaporation of their waler, bu
there was found a notable quantity of lime and sul
phuric acid ; and above all, a large proportion ofi
organic substance containing nitrogen. Melte^
hailstones have the appearance of water, contain
ing a drop or two of milk; by standing, the watt
grows clear, and the flocky matter which settle*
burns with the smell of animal matter, and evolr
ammonia.

It is a question whether even at the Giessen la-
boratory, this was not the source of the ammooil
there discovered in rain water. It is taken fa
granted, that the ammonia in rain water existed I
a volatile carbonate, because it was found to pal
over in distillation. So did a volatile product
which aU-dys discolored the crystals of sal amo^
niac, procured by adding muriatic acid to tho die-
tilled water. This coloring matter, was noticed •
century ago by Margraf. Later chemists ban
also detected ammoniacal salts in rain water, bsl
no volatile carbonate of tliat base. It is well knovi
that muriate of soda arises in evaporation, so doSI -
chroinato of potash, and several other salts. Ifi|| 1
distilling rain water, tho ammonia did not pM< 1,
over in the volatile organic discoloring producVil
may have gone over as muriate of ammonia. Mt
not questioned that ammoniacal salts exist in tiki
and snow water. The fact that it there exietf<
carbonate, secmi to be assumed, and is incompatf*

fiav

'"lis

\ \. XO. 4 I.

AND H O R T [ C U L T U R A r. R K G I S T E R

341

Kiiti Iho ««lt9 which liiivi) bc«n heroloforo ob- | once of agriculture. At all uvenH, iho oxpcriiiicnt From iho Former's Cnl.iiioi.

cil, iVoiii ruin, snow and hail. Thia lubject ' should bo oxtoo^ivciy t«atod, na the results aio

ol" l.ilo excited much attention, and aa the ex- ' doemi'd certain, while iho expense is comparatively D I R D S .

noo of sallj in anon-, is intimately connected iiothinjr. j,/r EMlor—A^ the season haa again arrived

.tho old saying, th.U •■ the snow la the poor ! Mr M. also slated as to iho result of another ex- when the feathered Iribca begin to make ihoir an.
i-s Miamire," it may bo worth while t.. axamino ; perinient tried upon one of his apple trees last ! pcarnnce omonjjst us, I wish to soy a fow words on
foiinJation of this proverb. Like all others of spring. It is a fine thrifty, healthy tree, about « ,„bjocl thai hos received the attention of far

twenlyfire or thirty years old, but has never in any | Hbler pens than mine ; but a wish to cast my mito
oi.e year produced over about two bushels of aj.- into the common trensury on the score of humanity,
pies. While in blossom last spring, he nacended has induced me also to put pen to paper. We all
the tree, and sprinkled plaster freely on the bios- I l,„ow that from the lime when these little harmles

class, it will bo found to rest on obacrfktion,
is supported by experiment

SALTPETRK FOR CORN.
L friend has placed in [our hands a newapaper,
I which we have copied the following article

ll'.o H'altrloirn Standard. Aa a corroboration
ic statement there made, we were lately in-
cJ by Pea. Sainl. Raynolds, for many years an
lligent and careful farmer of Long Meadow,
now of West liavcn, that he has long been
istomed to soak his seed corn in a solution of
)etre, and that its effects, as a protection from
cts, and in giving a rapid and healthy growth
le plants, were such as to astonish all who

not accustomed to use it. Mr Claudius Al-
one of the best farmers in New Haven county,
■tated to us a few days since, that he had oc-
onally, for several years past, applied to his

in the hill a small quantity of earth taken
I under his barns and other buildings ; that the
ication was always followed with gratifying
Jts — sometimes with aa marked effects as those
td in the Standard. On one occasion, several
m aince, Mr Allen took a quantity of earth from
aottom of his cellar, and placed it around the
9 trees in his orchard ; the consequence of
b was, a luxuriant growth of grass, which has
inued annually up to the last season. It is

known that the earth taken from beneath old
lings is strongly impregnated with nitre ; and
satisfactorily accotinia for its fertilizing effects,
ully is .Mr Allen convinced of the ralue of
etre, that he and one of hia neighbors have
Sher ordered from Boston half a ton of the ar-

in its crude state, which they propose to apply
fferent crops diwing the coming season, in va-
I ways. The results of their e.xperiments we

to publish in the fall. — Con?i. Farmer's Gaz.
he following is the article from the Watertown
idard, alluded to above :

IMPORTANT TO FARMERS.

ttrt Mussey, Esq., of this village, took a small
ton of the seed corn with which he planted a
and soaked it in a solution of salt nitre, com-
ly called saltpetre, and plonted five rows with
leed ihua prepared. Now for the result. The
Towg planted with corn prepared with saltpetre,

led more than 25 rows planted without any
«ntioD. The five rows were untouched by the
while the remainder of the field suffered
seJy by their depredations. We should judge

not one kernel saturated with saltpetre was
bed, while almost every hill in the adjoining

suffered severely. No one who will examine
field, can doubt the efficacy of the preparation,
will be astonished at the striking difference

ecn the five rows and the remainder cf the

.'ere is a simple fact, which if seasonably known
Id have saved many thousands of dollars tu the
lers of this county alone, in the article of corn,
a fact which should be universally known,
in all probability, one of tho greatest discovc-
of modern times in the much neglected 6ci-

soins, and the re.^ult is, that it will thi« year yield i friends of tho farmer first arrive in the spring, un-
twenty bushels of apples. Now if the plaster will I t,] i|,o day of the. r departure in the autumn, they
prevent the blast, it is a discovery of great impor- j arc made the subjects of an unceasing, bitter per-
tanco. Mr M. was led to make the experiment by sedition, merely for the sport and fun of the most
reading an account of the production of trees ad- | worthless part of society. These valuable eervants
joining a meadow where plaster had been sown at of the farmer, who work fur him day after day, and
a time when there was a light breezo in the direc- receive nothing for their labor, securing hii frait
lion of tho orchard, the trees contiguous to the and crops from destruction, are killed off just for

meadow bearing well
fruit

vhile the others produced no

From the Farmer's Gazette.

GEESE.

Mr Storf.r — I have eeen much in your paper
about hens, but I do not recollect seeing any thinj
about geese ; and as it has become a practice
among farmers in this vicinity (especiklly those
who are blest with one or more fine girls,) to keep
them, I will give my views how I think the best
way is to roise them.

ft is often said that young geese are not worth
much the first year for goslings. The reason is
very obvious to my mind : they are not apt to lay
soon enough. They should be fed well through
tho winter, and especially tlie last part of it. The
eggs should be kept in a cool dry place until the
goose begins to set, and then should bo put in a
tub sawed from a barrel or lime cask, which will
prevent their rolling out of the nest. When hatch-
ed, the goslings should be taught to cat corn as
soon as possible ; for when the grass becomes
short and tough, and feathers begin to grow, they
are very apt to die unless they are fed, or trespass
too much on the meadows. When their feathers
arc grown, they will live very well without feed-
ing.

The young ones should be picked twice in each
season, and the old ones three or four times ;
which will have a tendency to keep off the lice.

Hamdtn, ^Ipril 6, 1842. R.

Disease in Hens. — We have recently seen a
form of disease in hens, which to us is a novel one,
although it may not be to others who have had
more experience. A few days since, one of our
hens was found with her head turned round as if
looking over her back. She was evidently in pain ;
kept stepping backwards (nev«r going ahead,) and
almost continually kept up a suppressed cackling,
as if frightened. She remained in this state after
being discovered, during the whole of one day,
when she was killed. A day or two al'ter, we
were informed that three hens belonging to our
neat neighbors, were similarly affected — all of
wiiich wc believe died. If any of our readers can
account for this singular disease, or propose a re-
medy, its publication would be gratifying to us,
and probably to others Ibid.

The Royal Agricultural Society of England nom-
bere upwards of b'OOO members.

sport ; and a reckless spirit of destruction is en-
gendered, which, in the young, m often the fruitful
source of crime and punishment in after life. Now,
I hold it wrong to take away the life of any of
God's creatures for fun or pastime — much more,
those that are of such service to man. Nothing
was made in vain ; every living thing, iVom the
ephemeral insect up to man, was made for some
use. True, there are some of our birds — the crow,
the hawk and the black-bird — that are supposed to
do considerable injury at certain seasons of 4he
year, yet it may be fairly presumed that the good
they do far overbalances the injury ; for observe
tho immense number of worms and bugs of every
description that are destroyed by the black-birdi
through the summer. It is also true that they
will help themselves to a little corn at harvest, but
how infinitely email is the quantity they destroy,
when compared with that which is destroyed by the
cut-worm ! liul those birds whiclj are of the
greatest use to the farmer, arc they which suffer
the moat — namely, the robin, the blue-bird, and
the tom-tit ; and so fast as their numbers decrease,
in the same proportion do the tribes of hurtful in-
sects increase ; and should this destructive spirit
continue for a few years longer, it will be difficult
for the ."arnier to raise any crops at all. Let thero-
fore the fdiincrs rise up as one man, and stop the
wanton LJeatruction of the .inoffensive creatures:
let them leach their children the insanity and cru-
elty of the practice, and let the public teachers of
schools inculcate the blessed doctrines of humanity
to brutes and kindness to every thing that has life ;
especially to abstain from dsstroying birds and
robbing their nests. But more particularly, let
every farmer do his utmost to keep from off his
property those miscreants whose sole business
seems to be to prowl about the country with the
gun, and waste their time in the unprofitable em-
ployment of destroying tho lives of animals that,
after all tho labor, are not worth a tenth part of
the cost of powder and shot ; and this they will do
in their own defence, when they see the importance
of the subject, and experience the loss which is
yearly accruing from the destruction of these their
most valued friends, and witness the injury done to
their fences, fruit trees, and crops in general, by
the trespass of a company of freebooters, who are
generally the off-scouring of society. Let then
our farmers look to it, before it be too l.iie.

E. BIERER, Jr.
Union Town, layette Co., Pa.

The greatest nobility is that of a noble heart.

342

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

APRIL, S7, 1X48..

vol

ASH IIORTICULTURAI. RfOlSTER.

BosTo:', Wkdkesuat, ApBit 27, 1842.

ROOT CROPS.

The tono of tlio agricultural press f.)r levcral > ufirs
post, hai been decidedly in fator of cultivating roots to
be eaten by uatlie and Bwine. Many former*, of accu-
rato obsprvBtion and sound judgment, after years of eipe-
rienco with these crops, prize them highly, and continue
their cultivation. There are some, however, of good
judgment too, who after years of trial, hare abandoned
their cultivation. Our opmion is in favor of these crops.
Wo find from nur minutes of past years, that allowing
forty d»jllai« per acre tor manure, including the cost of
spreadmg, that carrots, sugar beets, and ruta bacas, can
bo raised for about 15 cts. per bushel, taking the crops as
they averaged for four successive years. The ciirrots
have not cost more than the others. Though in some
eirasoni and on some soils, the beels and ruta bagos have
given larger crops than the carrots, yet thoy have about
as often been less productive. The beet is liable to suf-
fer, and almost ruinously suffer, from drought, and the
ruta bagi will bliglit or bo injured by worms. The
carrot is less liable to sulfer from the extremes of wot
and dryness, and it has fewer enemies. We have raised
it about as chuup per bushel as any root, taking the crop
of soveriil successive years into the account. Our crop
has average 450 bushels per acre or mors.

CARROTS— SOIL TOR THEM, Ac.
There is no better root, so far as quality goes, and so
far as its fitness for all kinds of stock is regarded, than
the carrot. Given to oows, it makes rich -milk, and
sweet and yellow butter. Horses, oxen and swino, all
do well upon it. Tlio Lon^ Orange i> most extensively
cultivated, and is a good vnrifety. The mUc carrot,
which is not general known, for its introduction here is
recent, has proved more productive than the ytUow t it
grows partly out of ground, and is for that reason more
easily Imrvestud. Its comparative quality has not yet
been satisfactorily ascertained.

For this crop *v8 prefer B light but ileen soil— loamy,
or a sandy loam. Soils somewhat gravelly, if plowed
deep, are friendly to this root. The land .should be
well dressed with line manure, wliicli should he ,w«ll
mixed in by plowing and harrowing. >

If one intends to sow upon a flat surface, nrpavonient
way of preparing is to plow about ti.ree furrowsjon ^ach
side of a land, and then rake whatever slonea,t.r. lumps
there may be on them, inio tho furrow iast.plowed;
when this has been done, plow three furrows more, and
rake again; and soon until. the wlioie is Gnijihed. Then
sow the seed in rows about ).') inches apart; from 1 1-2
to 2 lbs. of seed is needed per acre.

But if one chooses to sow on ridges, (and this ii proba-
bly tho most ecnnomical way,) then, after the manure
has been well worked into the iiurfuce, toko a liorie
plow and turn two back furrows together, thus njaking
a ridge: continue to do this until tho whole piece is put
in ridges. Rake the tops of tiie ridges, and then sow
unn row nii tho top of each. These ridges may be 20
to 21 inches apart. If th» latter distaiicr is ii.scd, n horse
plow or small cultivator may be used in the iiflcr tillago.
Ridging, compared with th« flat surface, requires leas
seed ; it gives fewer rows to weed and thin, and fewer
to dig at harvest lime. The result of our observation
and inquiries is, that the ridggd ground usually gives as
many bushels per acta as the flst surface. If we arc not

mistaken on this point, the reasons for ridging are surely
very strong. An acre on flat surface, with rows 15 in-
ches apart, icquircs fiom 16 to 24 days work to lioo and
weed it three times. On ridges 24 inches apirt, whcio
the hotae can b« used, the labor would be but little more
(hao half as-much. Sow from the lOlh to 20lh of May.

SUGAR DEET.

'i'he siigiir beet and mangel wurlzol ore very similar
in the soil thtiy t'Ke, and in tlie moile of treatment they
require. Each prefers a warm, inoi.st and rich soil.
They are great water drinkers, and if they once suffer
much from lack of moisture, ti.ey never recover well
froo) the cliei;k then received. The preparation of tho
ground is the same as for carrots, when they are sowed
on ridges. The sirgar beet is very valuable lor milch
cows, causing a full flow of rich milk.

There prevails an opinion that tho mangel ■wurtzol is
unfriendly to tht health of cattle. We think this, partly
at least, the result of prejudice.

Sow both of these about the first of June. One and
an half lb. of seed per acre.

RUTA BAGA.

This root does best on a dryish soil, hght, and inclin-
ing to sandy or gravelly. The -manure from our barn-
yards, stables and hoji-yards, oftener causes a fine growth
o( leaves and (m army cf worms, than it does a good
growth of sound ruta haga roots. Wo have found bone
dust a very valuable manure for this crop. A compost
of 6 loads of soil, 6 of muck, G of sand, end 15 bushels of
bone, the whole wet with COO gallons o( soapboiler's salt
or spent ley, will be our dressing for liiis crop on one
half an aero tho present season. With a dressing con-
sisting of soil, bone and ley, we last year obtained as
fair and solid roots as we ever saw, and at the rate of
more than seven iiundred bushels per acre — though our
rows were 30 inches apart. One season we used bono
alone — tlio roots were fairer and belter than in tho con-
tiguous rows on barn manure ; and were less eaten not
only by worms, but by the fly. A compost of muck
and sand., in the proportions of one of sand to two of
muck, niid a bushel of ashes and three quarts of salt to
each thirty bushels of muck, and sand, na should be
more willing to use on dry land for this crop, than we
should strong dung. We will not recommend this, for
we /tare not tried t't.-^We mention it, bocaiise wo have
much ooiifidenco that it would do well, and also be-
came it is a compost which many fiirmers can make
with much convenience. Should you be so unfortunate
as to lose a calf, a lamb, a pig, a cow, or should the
meat in yi ur harrirl become tainted, cut it up fine and
distribute it through the heap, for this will furnish the
only ingredient in. which we suppose the heap to bo de-
ficient—that is, ammonia. A small quantity only of
good dung in the heap, probably would not prcducu the
evils we have experienced from pure and strong dt^ng —
viz ; rank foliage and hcsts of worms.

The ground for this crop should be ridged ; .one pound
of Bfcd per acre will be ample, unless you wish to guard
.against destruction of the crop by th« fly, and in that
case, two lbs. iniiy be put on. , Sow from the 2Ulh of
Juno to the 1st of July.

.rOTATOES— FOR STOCK.
On farnis where the potato usually 'yields well with
out much manuring, and with vary negligent cultivation,
as we ore t<dd it ollcn dees in the interior, aqd as wn
know it will on newly reclaimed meadow lands, and on
new lands, or jands that aro subjected to tlie plow for
the first time — in such places bo other crop, probably,

will be found more profitable. The potato is more valuJI
able per bushel than the carrot, the beet, or the >'Utul
baga, and wherever it can be produced at the same cost, J <
it is tn be prufi-rrcd. In this vicinity, the Xong Red or
La I'luta is the most productive and mutt profitable on li.
all lands where it can be planted early. The quality ofj ^
this was formerly inferior, but for the last few years i| "'
has proved about as good a table potato, from March to I'
July, as any variety that is common in this region.

On very moist and on clayey soils, flat-sbaped pota-
toes are said by some good observers to do better than
round or oblung round ones — or rather, perhaps we
should s.'iy, that on light and dry soils, the round and
oblong round do better than the kidney-shaped and egg-
shaped.

ENGRAFTING-WAX. \

An experienced roan at the business of engraftinj, ob-
jects to the use of rosin or any other similar eiibstancaj
in his engrifiing wax : such substances burn or best toaM
muuli. Tno parts of beeswax and one of tallow mak* j
his wax. While this is in a melted state he dips cheap* *<
tape into it and then winds the tape into balls. Withj
this tape thus greased, he binds in his scions; with hia -
composition lie fills the daft in the centre of the stock,
and all places where the air or water could gain admis-
sion. When a stock is large, he binds around it a wido
strip of woollen cloth, so that it shall extend about aa
inch above the stock and form a ilish or cup, which ha
fills with earth. He never puts scions in water. When
a scion has been cat off at at the top, be puis .wax on
the top.

L

THE SEASON.
When our last paper went to press, a coW rain storn
of two or three days continuance, was just closing.
Since then we have had variable weather, but mostly
pleasant. The peach blossoms opened on Thursday, the
21st. The season is several daysin advance of the ave-
rage of years.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Our thanks are due to Jordan & Co. for a copy of
Weeks's Treatise on Bees.

Likewise to Chas. Uoliinson, Esq., for a copy of the
Transactions of tho New Haven Horticultural sod Aew
Haven County Agricultural Societies, for 1841.

\\'o are also indebted to tho New York State Agricul-
tural Society, for a copy of llieir Transactions for IS4I.
This is a well bound and neat volume, of 411 pages.
We are pleased to see that Society embodying its doings
in this convenient form foi preservation and reference.

Hounds in a Trsf.— Melt a pound of tar wilii four
ounces of tallow, add half an ounce of saltpetre, and stir
the whole togeilier. A coatof this composition applied
to a cut or Jtiruisc, will prevent decay, and cause tho
wound to henl. Before applying it, all unsound timber
should becleared tviKj .—,lJarfford Gour.

It is said that if onions be planted in (ho some hill
with vine", they will protect tho latter from the depre-
dations.of iho striped bug.

.A Rochester paper says there is a third more wheal
on the ground in Genesee county now, than there was
last spring.

[ITB.'s communication will bo given, and his inqui-
ios answered, in our next.

\-OI.. \X. XO. «3.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

343

lllKKMOMKIItlCAl,.

KrlKirlrilltir lhi> .\rvr Kneland iBtlurr.
U ii)j*0')r ihrt rittirinomrlrrat the (iiinlciior llio |iropric(i>rd
I tin New RngluiKl Fannrr, I1rij{hlon, Mnnii. in a •hndcil
foi tiai'ly oxpotura, fur iho »evk ciuling April 24.

HKUII\< lOLN IM.AKTN.

The prc»nl nun-, m ilie mi»l suiiuMr lur rcinuvini; I'l'i
»niiiiil pbnis Tlie siihscriljirs wjll furiiuh 20 fine spcnis
I't^T 9&, |Mck<Hl in moAS, in iiuch a ninnncr that they t-an l>e
IniiiM^Hirlml to uny difttancu with Knietv.

April a? JOSKIMl BRECK &, CO.

WILLIS'S LATEST lAIPROVKD SBIi:!) 80WL'.I(.

mUIirrON MARKKT — Mos»at, April 25, \>i4->

Iteiwtieit fur llie .N<-w bnilinil Farmai.

M Mnrl<el 2t>5 Beet Cnltle, 12 pairs Working oxen, ij.

1 Cuw« aoil Calves, 200 Sheep, nnil 1500 Swine.

I'mcia- litcf Cattle. We niiole a few exir* caltlu at , . '" "']"« ''''•'' "'atliine, tlm farmer may be onUin th.it

|6 23. See..nd q,l;,lily. $5 ,-^0 a 5 75. Tl.itd quality, : '"' ^t'^, P"' '"'," "'^ er.n.n.l and at the annie lime

,- I " ""^ "P'" poasihle manner. There hns been a great

i.75t5:.5. ! diflieiilty in maehincs lor gowin>r garden seeds; they

Working Oztn— Very few sales effected, 75, 80, 'JO, , «fc very apt to elog up, and the farmer might go over an

ij •116. I "'."' "! ''.""' ""'' ""' *''*v " single seed ; but not so with

^r. J /-„;... o.i«. O" or, OS -JO iri ._j a-i^ '''"' '' '' '" conslructed that it cannot poiseibly clog.

Coiet ana Caltea. bales Jo, '-io,Jg, M.io, and-s.)S. \ i„ „«;n~ ii.io „,.,..,. ,i, j- _ "^ ( le "r

. n n- n -,- . -^r , r n \ "*•"? "I's siiwcr, the farmer can save one hair ef

Sheep.— Lots, 3 2o, 3 7o, l U5, and $j 00. [ his seed, and do the xvork at less than one quarter the

SwiiM. — Lots to peddle, 3 5-S a 4 for sows, and 4 5-8 i expense of the co:ninon way of sowing, and have it

Hor borrows. Larga Barrowa iit about 4cl8. Atj'j""* '" " "ludi better manner; it opens the furiow,

., . , , r 1 .1 drops ihe seed, covers it over and rolls them down.

mil, irom -1 io.> I-. ItATillsOw any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Bngn,

— '~ Mangel Wnrlzel, Turnips. Carrots. Beets. Pnrsnips, On-

ions, 4-0. For sale at the New Engliiiid Agriciillnral
I Warehouse and ^eed ."^tnre, Nos. 51 and 52 North Blur-
ket street, by JOSEl'IF BftECK »& CO.
. April 20.

WilOI.ESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected icith great care, weekly.
SEEDS. Herds Grass, 02 75 to 3 00 per bushel. Red Top,

to 45 cents. Clover— Northern, II to 12c.— Southern, 10
I c. Klai Seed, tl 50 to 1 85 hu.- Lucerne, 26 c.per lb.
■afy Seed, >3 50 a 4 ou per bushel.
GRAIN. Sales of yellow flat com 66, 96 1-2, »nd 6rc.

bushel; northern round, 67 I 20. Oats, few in market,
d ID better demand ; sales northern Rye, 70c per bushel.

3orn — Northern, bushel — to do. Round Yellow —

do. Southern Flat Yellow C6 a 67 —White do. 58 n 59

Barley — a Rye, Northerti, 70 a — — Oats, South-

4fr^ a 47— Noilhern. do. ii to 60— Beans, per huAliel 7S
60.

fLOUR. Sales consist of Fredericksburg at 85 04,- cash,-
"-•6 12 on 4 nios; Baltimore wharf, garlicky, 45 62, cash,

doCily Mills, »5 37, on 4 mos- Howard street, S6 cash,
d M 12 a 6 13 3-4, on short credit ; Gcneaee, (6 62 1-2,
ll fancy, <6 69 cash ; 400 bMs Ohio, S6 13 3-4, and 600 do.

to arrive, S6 a 6 12 12 per bbl.
IBBllimore, Howard Street, 4 mos.. cr. 86 12 a do.

rf, 8j 87 a — do. free of garlic, 86 12 a Phila-

do. 4 mos. 86 12 a — — Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4
86 00 a. 6 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain,— 85 S7 a
—Georgetown, 86 12 a 0 25— Richmond Canal, 86 12 a
4— d». City, 87 00— Petersburgh, City Mills, 80 00 a 0 12
o. Country 85 67 a 6 00— Genesee-, common, cash, 8« 62 a
— do fancy brands 86 6» a 6 75 — Ohio via Canal,
as a 6 37— India-i Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 25.
•ROVISIONS. Sales by auction, 400 bbls Western
:ar Pork, 10 78 a 81 1 37; 412 do Mess, 8 25 a 8j 60; 29

do. ordinary, 87 3," ; 390 do Prime, 86 12 ; 37 do Clear,
, 80 75 ; CU da Mess do 7 75 a 87 67 ; 121 do Prime, 84 a

-eel- Mess, 4 i lo. new bbl. Sg 00 a 9 50— Navy— 83 00 a
-No. 1, 87 25 a 7 50^-do Prime 84 75 a 5 ou— Pork—
ra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8l2 a — — do Clear 811 a —
o Mess 83 25 a 3 50 —do Prime 86 2i> a 6 50 — do Mess
a other Slates 8 25 a 6 SO.

VOOI.. Duty. The value whereof at the place of el-
ation shall not exceeds cts. per pound, free. Allwhere-
nc value exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per cl. ad. val. and
s. per pound.

he sales. of this article have been during the past week,
very limited extent, and prices are still unsettled,
rime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 47 a SO c. — Amer-
full blood, do 43 a 4S— Do. 3-4 do 33 a 40— Do. 4 -2 do
35- -1-4 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep,
bed, 80 a 25 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 13 — Bengasi do
0 — Saxonf , clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
do. picked, 12 a 16— Snpcrflnc .Northern pulled lainli 37
—No. I do. do. do. 34 a 36 — No. 2 do do do 24 a 26-
3 do do do IS a 20.

OPS. Th« market continues the same for prices as re-
ed la«t week.

tsort, Mass. 1841 per lb 8 a 10 2<l dodo Ho 6 a 8.

AY, per ton, 813 to 2a- Eastern Screwed 813 is IS
HEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c. — New S to8.
QGS, 18 a 16.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT- PlOiMSH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in the
form and workmanship' of these Ploughs; the mould bi ftrd
has been sn formed as to Im, the furroio rompteleh/ orrr
txiening in evcrij particle of grasi or sliMle, anttlcnmn" The
ground in l/ir best possible vianncr. The length of Ihe
mould boani has hr n very murh increnSc.i, so that' (he
Plough works wrih Ihe greatest case, both ^Viih tespec*! to
the. holding and ihe team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Woroester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Plou^>hs
we should prefer for u.=;e oit a farm, we might p^rhap"! siy lo
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to vwiYk,
try Prouty & Mcars, but if your lahUis /icavij, hard orrocl.y,
BEGIN WITH Mr. HowAno's.''

At the above mer.f.oned trial nhe Howard' Plough Hid
more icork, with Ihe same pewer of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No other turned more ihan tweniyse.-ea
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draujht, while iha
Howard Plough turned iuentimine and one half inches, lo
the same pctcerof team.! All acltnowledgc that Howard's
Ploughs ste much the strongest and most substantially
made.-

There' hag been quite an improrement made on the shoe,
or land side o( this Plough, which can be renewed without
iiavrng to furnish a new laiidside : this shoe likewise secures
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of th* Ploughs is from S6 to 8|5. A Ploosh,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost nbiiiit
810 50, and with culttr «l,with whertand cutter, 82 CO
extra.

The aliove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
iheTVeV England Agricultural Warehouse and Sceit .Slwre,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.
April 20

Kill IT, OK.VAMIC.V IMI. TIIF.KH.dLC.

Hi'iisihv or wiii.UM arrinicK,

or I'e.trh, J'eiir, f'lum .ind Cherry Trrrn,
a cnllci'iion unrivalled in any former year, lor ex-
It'iiHive nuinbera of fine trrc, of new and fineal
kinds. Large additions of new, valuable, or
beautiful, are just received from K.uropr.
Gonhcbernrs of firsi quality, Appb-i, flnincrs, ftrapa
Vines, Rnspbcrrie*. (^urrenla, Sirnwberrica, 4tc The new
abridged and descriptive Catalogue for 1 948, will be lent U>
all who apply.

Ornnmeiitnt Trees and Shruba, Honcysurklea, &c. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Hnrriaon and other Roses —
of Trse Pujonics, of Hcibnreous Piponiet. and olher flower-
ing Plants— of double DAhlias, tt.c., Rhubarb of first rata
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, fiic.

All orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will be securely
packed in iiials and nii>ss lor safe tmnsporl to all ilistani
places by land or sen, and dulivered in the city free of charge,
lor tron^porlation by the wagon wliirh is senl thither daily,
or orders may be lelt nt the stand, at No 44 Congress street,
Borfon. WILLIAM KENRICK

Nonanium Hill, Newton.
March 9. eptl2thJune

GARDEN AND FIELD S&EDS.

JOSEPH BRECK S, CO. have received their full supply
of fiardcn and Fiold Seeds, which they warrant to be pur*
and fresh, us folhuvs:

F.arly Horn do.
Mangel Wurtzel Beet.
Sugar do.
Long Red tio.
Early Turnip do.
Ruta Bami.

Turnips in great variety.
Early and Late Beans of
sorts.

Early Ce^lo Nulli Peas.'

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame ilo.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowfat. &c.
White Allringham Carrot
Long Orange do.

SBEd BARIiEY, AMD OATsi

For sale at No. 52 North Market ati, a prime lot of Seed
Barley. Also English Oats. J. BKECK & CO.

Boston, April 6.

APPLBi STOCKS.

#The subscribers offer for sale 10,000 fine Apple
Stocks two years old.
JOSEPH J5RECK &,CO. No. SI North Market
St. Boston^ April 6.

A prime lot of larc* sixe
sale by J. BRECK & CO.,
March 30, 1842.

FRUIT TB.BIBB.

e. Pear, and Plum Ireea, for
52 North Market •(.

(jRASS SISEDS.

Northern and Souiht™ Clover Seed— White Dutch do.
-Lucerns— Herds Grass— Red Top — Orchard Grass— Fowl
Meadow Grass— Oat Grass, iio. Millet, Kape, Canary and
Hemp Seed. Every variety of seed for Agricultural or
Horticultural purposes, may be obtained at the Agricultural
EjlabMshmeiil, No. 52 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

KEiAU AND PLVSI STOCkS

For sale by SAMUEL POND, Camhridgcport

Atparagua root*.

Also,
April 20.

FRUIT TREKS.

For sale at the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass., a
choice co'lection of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Peach
Trees. Also, a gr«at variety of Scions cut from fruit bear-
ing 'J'cees. Apply by mail to the Superiiitendanl.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem, April 6, IS42. 3w

~ "^ MllCK MANUAL.

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The .Muck Man-
ual for Farmers.' By Dr S. L. Dana; price SI.
Boston, A^il 13.

CViWBRIDmCPORT KURSBRY.

SAMCEL POXD, Nin-seryman, Columbia
street, C»mbridge|)ort, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assortment ol FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, R O O T S , and V I .\ E S,
among them are the best varieties of Apple,
Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grapevines, A.*.parngus,
Rhubarb, I'ear slocks, Apple do.. Plum do , Currants, Goose-
berries, Raspberries, &.c. Trees of an extra size always on
hand. March 23.

APPLE SCIONS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of the following kinds, Baldwin, Greening, River, Porter,
Nonesuch, Pearmain, Sweetings, &«. i.Vc. Also, a few of
the choice kinds of I'cara and Plumi. Orders lelt at J.
BRECK & Co., or at the counting room of ibo subscriber.
85 Washington St., Boston, or sent by mail, to Briihlon, will
be piomptly allended to. JAMES L. L. F. WARREN.

April 6.

344

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

APRIL 27, 184

^

MISCELLANEOUS

THE TEMPERANCE STANDARD.

Am : — " Ye marinert nf England."

Life u|), lift up the standard,
And pliiiit it near the well!
And, gathered underneath its fuldfi,
A choral nnthctn tiwell !
The nntheni that is set in praiae
Of l)rook!i and cisterns King !
Give one strain to the rain,
Give another to the spring; —
Yoa, give a chorus loud and long
To aqueduct ond spring.

Grsen hills and smiling vntlcys !

Ye once were red with gore,

When Freedom's thunders o'er you rolled,

And broke along our shore.

The holy skies have-]ioured their rains,

And sifted down their snows,

Till the staiu of the slain,

That hcneaih your turf repose,

Is washed away, and the sods arc clean.

Where the martyred brave jepose.

Even 80 will ice and water

Make clean our living clay ; —

Then li't them grace our festive board

On Independence day; —

The day that tells us of the blood

That was, like water, poured

From llicir veins, on the plains

Where our fathers graspad the sword,

Where the cumbrous ibeath was thrown away,

And flashed the freemao'i swerd.

Te heroes of the bottle,

Who " bumper" every toast,

Who keep your wine in cobwebs wrapixsd.

And make its age your boast.

The oldest wine your vaults have known

From pre.-^s or vat to flow.

Is new to the dew

That six thousand years ago

Came down to fill our c«ps, one night,

Six thousand years ago.

Ye champions of cold water.

Who quaff the drink divine,

Who've given your rum and brandy o'er,

And bid adii'4i to wine.

The bottles that ye crock to-day.

By God's own hand are given ;

Borne in earth have their birth,

And some are made in heaven;

The granite rock and spring are those,

And these the clouds of heaven.

Then up the Temperance standard !

And plant it by the well,

And, shaded by its waving folds,

A choral (mtliem swell !

The aiillinm that is set to chime

With babbling waters sing.

Give one strain to the raiu,

Give another to the spring.

Yea, give a chorus loud and long,

To aqueduct and spring!

Curious .Iris. — Some friend has sent us through
the post oflice, the following useful recipes, which
if genuine — and we see no reason to doubt — are
truly valuable, as well as curious. Ho has our
thanks.

1. Jl H'uler-proof Glue. — Melt common glue in
the smallest possible quantity of water, and add by
drops linseed oil that has been rendered di-i/in^ by
having a small quantity of litharge boiled in it ;
the glue being briskly stirred when the oil is added.

2. Glue will resist water to a considerable ex-
tent by being dissolved in skimmed milk.

3. The addition of finely levigated chalk to a
solution of common glue in water, strengthens it,
and renders it suitable for signs or other work that
is exposed to the weather.

4. A glue (or cement) that will hold against fire
or water, may be made by mixing and boiling lo-
gollier linseed oil and quick lime. This mixture
must bo reduced to the consistence of soft putty
and then spread on tin plates and dried in the
shade, where it will dry very hard. This may af-
terwards be moiled like common glue, and must be
used while hot — Amtrican .Mechanic.

AGRIClIt.TURA.L. IMPLEUEKTS, &c

The Proprietors of ihe New Enttland Agricultural Wji,
house and Seed Slorc No. 61 and 62 North Market siB ^
wuuld iiiliirm iheir customers and llie puMic generally,^
ihey have on hand tlje most extensive assorlinenl of A|
culiuial and Horticultural Tools to lie found in Uie ""
Slates. Part of which are the following :

Dr.

— , of the army, remarked tho othc
day, speaking of his professional brotherhood, " tha
though not actually called upon :o expose Ihem
selves in battle, he presumed that lere were none
of them who did not stand ready whenever occa
sion required it, to bleed for Ih. country."

Eggs were recently sold in the Cincinnati mar
ket at three and a half cents per dozen.

Slander. — It is a poor soul that cannot bear slan-
der. No decent man can get along without it ; at
least none that are actively engaged in the strug-
gle of business life. Have you a bad fellow in
your employment, and discharge him, he goes
round and slanders you ; refuse another a very
modest boon which he has asked, he goes round
and slanders you ; let your conduct be such aa to
create the envy of another, he goes round and slan-
ders you. In fine, as we said before, we would
not give a cent for a person who is not slandered :
it shows that he is either a milksop or a fool. No,
no — earn a bad name by a bad fellow, (and you
can easily do so by correct conduct) — it is the only
way to prove'lhat you are entitled to a good one.
—J\r. Y. Tattler.

Too true. What a world.

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs.
300 Common do. do.
200 Cullivalore.
100 Greene's Straw Cutters.
60 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
CO Common do do.
2ii0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutters
50 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Os Yokes.
1500 Doz. Scythe Slnnes.
30no '■ Austiu's Rifles.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Steel Sho<
150 " Common dc
lou " Spades.

Grass Scythes.

Patent Soailhs,

Common do.

Hay Kakes.

Garden do.

Manure Korki.

Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.
600 • Tic up do.
60 doz. Halter do.
1000 yards Fence do.
26 brind Stones oo rolMi "

500
300
200
500
290
200
300

IJl

SESDS FOR HOT BEDS. i

The subscrihers offer for sale a great variety of Vegi * '
hie Seeds desirable for the Hot bed, as follows,
Nonpariel Calihage. | Early Cauliflower.

Early Hope do. " Broccoli, of sorts.

Early Synot's Cucumber. Celery, superior sorU.

Fine Long Green do. Sweet Marjorum.

Eu'i; Plant. |

For sale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 61 tad 62 North Ml
Street, Boston. Maidfc

" I am old enough" sayc Smollet, in o letter to
his friend Farrack, " to have seen and observed
that we are all playthings of fortune, and that it
depends upon something as insignificant and pre-
carious as the tossing up of a halfpenny, whether a
man rises to influence and honors, or continues to
his last day struggling with the difficulties and
disgraces of life."

Had you have lived longer, Mr Smollet, or had
you looked deeper into society, you would have
found that each virtue and each vice gets its own
reward, es certainly as the stone that is thrown up-
ward, is drawn back to the earth. God's mor.il
laws are as faithfully executed ns those by which
he acta in the natural world. He faithful — faithful
to God and man, you will have a rich reward. — lio.
N. E. Far.

FliOYrBiR SEEDS.

.lOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 58 Nortl
ket street, ofTer for sale their usual voricly of Flower mwm,
comprising all that are desirable for cahivalion. .Tl

liosion,"March9lh, 1842. '

FOR BALE,

A few pairs of Maekay and Berkshire PIGS, fromtl
loiilhs of.l. "

Lexington, Feb. 9.

E. PHIN.NET

TYF. rp CHAINS.

Just received by 600 Chains for lyeing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H. Debbt, Esq of S«>
and Col. jAcat'Es, for the purpose of securing cattle te
stall, are found le he the safest and most convenient ai
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAIKS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 •' Truck ond leading Chains.
200 " Droit Chains. For sale liy J. BRECK ^.O
No. 62 North Market st.

FENCE CHAINS.
Just received from England, 10,000 feet Chains, siriH
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BRECI
CO., No. 52 North Market st. A pril II

A flippant young man observed in the presence
of Dr. Parr, that he never believed any thing he
could not funderstand. "Then yours must be the
very shortest creed of any man's I know," remarked
the Dr.

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER— hy one that has served a regaltri
prenticoship in Europe, and has had seven years' eipeikl
in this cuunlrv. The hesl of reference given. AddrtM
D. at this oflice. March 1.

BUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo'>re'«, Sun Diili,
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving the ttf
of day in the garden or field. Price 76 ceuts. For hJ«'
J. BRECK fy CO., No (1 and 62 North Market St.

Sepll.

A shallow aspirant to literary distinction pre-
sented the learned and facetious Dr. Porson a copy
of one of bis productions, with tho remark that " it
would be read when Shakspearo was forgotten."
" Yes," replied the Dr., " and not till then."

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WF.HELY PAPFR.

Terms, $!J per year in advance, or^ 50 ifnol^
within lliirly days.

N. H. — Pristiiinstors arc perniiltod by law to frtak i
tubtfcripliiins and rcmittancts for newspopers, witkf
expcnss tu subscribers.

TOTTLI AVD DMNBTT, PRIITTKES.

A N D II O K T I (; U L T U R A L REGIS T E R .

PUOLISU£U BV JOSEPH BRECK & CO., NO. 82 NOUTH M.VI^KET STIIEET, (Aoiiicultubai WAS(iiODaK.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOK

BOSTON. WRDNKSPAY KVKNING, MAY 4, 1812.

N. E. FARMER.

For the N. E. Farinar.

FFERKNT ACTION OF CARBONATE AND

SULPHA IK OF AM.MONIA.
BIr Kditor — ll IS jjiftlifyinp to witness the pro-
■cienco is iimking towards a<;riculturikl im-
>vements. The labors of scientific men will
ntually place lurniinij upon an almost entire new
indation. But scientific and clieniicnl terms —
chemicil inctnmorpluisi's of substances, and the
diess variety of sulphaUs, phosphates, nciJs, fyc.
., are rather puzzling to us old farmers, wliosc
\f education consisted of "reading', writing, and
ihering as far as the rule of three.'* But may
not hope the younjrer part of the farmers, and
rising generation, will turn their attention to
! subjects of geolofry and chemistry, so tliat all
! technical termi' may be as well understood and
familiar to tliem as " household words."
I hardly possess a smnllerinfr of chemistry, but a
r questions have arisen in my mind, which I sub-
t to you, witli the hope that I may receive some
ither light.

A correspondent ("J. E. T."') in the April No. of
New Genesee Farmer, has communicated to
Colroan a statement from the January Nu. of
Gardener's Chronicle, (Kng.) edited by Lindley,
manuring wheat land with a new (artificial coin-
inded) manure — oirbonaU of ammonia. " On

I statement, Mr Lindley observes, that he docs
see why sulphate of ammonia, which would be

lained by strewini; the stables with gypsum, as

ntioned in books, would not d.i as well."

I. E. 'I', sajs — " Now ilr Lindley is no chemist,

II I differ from him in opinion, for the following
Bons : — When a sulphate is decomposed in any
er way than by the complete saturation of the

huric acid by another base, fumes of sulphuric
d or sulphuric acid gas are probably created,
n which gas there is nothing more injurious to
;etation, even in the smallest quantity. This

been proved by various quite recent expcri-
nts." " I have lately tried pure sulphate of am-
nia on Geraniums, which were nearly , lulled by

but I do not offer this as conclusive against the
phate formed by gypsum."
Vow, Mr Editor, of the poisonous nature of sul-
iric ocid to plants there is no doubt — but gyp-
n is sulphate of lime, sulphuric acid and lime —

It is a good manure, especially on clover.

n the 40th No. of the N. E. Farmer, present
ume, you give n recipe for making arlificicil gua-

in which there ia to be 100 lbs. sulphate of
raonia, and 10 lbs. sulphate of soda. I suppose

above is the proportion in which they exist in
I lbs. of the guUno, that is said to be first rate
nure.

:^iebig (page 2,50,) says — "When we bring sul-
iric acid mid nitrate of potash (saltpetre) togeth-

nitric acid is separated, in consequence of the
nity of sulphuric acid for potash : in conse-

nce, therefore, of a formation of a now com-
ind, sulphate of potash." In the manufacture

of pot or pearl ashes, alter the lye has been boil-
ing a few hours, by sinking an iron ladle in the
boiling lye, it will soon be tilled with a crystalizod
salt : this, no doubt, is sulphate of potash— ^ns there
IS always iniich uciil in the lye, unless a large
ijuanlily of lime is used. " Us taste is saline and
bitter. This salt suffers no change on exposure to
the air. The sulphate of potash is soluble in ill
times its weight of water, nt (50 degrees." Wilh-
oiit doubt, the insoluble part of pot or pearl-ash,
known ns " glass factory nmniire," is sulphate of
potass; — this, according to the statement of Mr
Deining Jorvi«, is a powerful manure — (see page
•25"J, presoiit vol. N. E. Farmer.) Sulphate of iron
is not good for corn, peas and beans — or in other
words, I have found, after three years' trial, that
land containing much sulphate of iron, was not
good for these crops — it corroded the roots — the
corn leaves assumed u red purplish color. At fir.st
I thought the wurms cut the roots off; but after
diligent search, the de'il a bit of a worm could I
find. Now 't is said that lime strewed upon such
land, will combine with the sulphuric acid and
form gypsum. Ashes applied would form sulphate
of potash. Now both of these are good manures —
and 1 cannot perceive why sulphate of ammonia i.s
not as good, or better.

I saturated several cwt. lbs. of ground plaster
with urine : I suppo.se it is now sulphate of ammo-
nia. I have inquired of a person fully competent,
to direct inc how to use it. He recommends to
mix slaked lime, and then mix that with a large
amount of peat or muck : the ammonia will be set
free and combine with the muck — but will it be
C((c6o(iii<e or su//)/i«/e of ammonia ? — does the sul-
phuric acid leave the ammonia to unite with the
lime, or the ammonia leave the sulphuric acid to
unite with the lime.-' I fully understand iiow the
same breath will warm my fingers and cool my
broth — but I don't yet understand these chemical
transformations. B.

.'Ipril lOth, 1842.

(]2/^A friend who is conversant with the facts of
chemistry has kindly furnished us with the follow.
ing reply : —

Agriculturists as well ns scientific men, talk of
tho action of various manures on plants, when it is
highly probable that as science advances, it will be
found that the proper expression is, first, the action
of plants (the living vegetable,) on the manures.

Lime, in any shape except caustic or burning, is
good for clover ; of course sulphate of lime is so.
Fn sulphate of lime, the affinity is very strong be-
tween the lime and the sulphuric acid ; bo that the
separation is effected artificially with tho greatest
difficulty ; but a strong, luxuriant plant like clover,
probably possesses living ? powers sufficient to cf.
feet this decomposition, which other more delicate
and less robust vegetables do not possess — the
acids of sulphur in any shape, that ia in ga» or
liquids, and in the smallest quantity, are injurious
to vegetation, but where as in sulphate of lime, the
decomposition is very difficult, and hence tifry
gradual, the other alkalies in a soil will probably

neutralize them as fast ag they come into being :
whereas in other sulp'ialcs, as in sulphate of am-
monia, the decomposition is much more easily ef-
fected, consequently more rapid, and there is inucli
danger of the free acids acting on the vegetable
fibre of the roots, that is, if the decomposition is
effected by the living action of the plant itself, and
not by another alkali in tho soil.

Tlicre is no doubt of the benefit of pypsiim in
some cases and with some plants ; but the caHCM
where it has piovsd utterly valueless, are infinitely
more niiineroiis.

With respect to other sulphates, clear testimony
of their effects on vegetation is much wanted. Sul-
pliato .-'f ammonia in an extremely dinted ijtate, has
been tried by several experimenters, and always
with injurious effects. Sulphate of iron is proba-
bly more injurious than any other sulphate — both
ingredients of this salt beingjso separately — and if
the decomposition of tho sulphate of iron is effect-
ed by the other alkali in the soil, neutralizing the
products of the sulpiiur, the oxide of iron will at
all events injure the roots. I say, however, that
more evidence even on the injurious effects of sul-
phate of iron is desirable, as Mr iSchaUeuman has
recently published a method of iin|iroving stable
manure, in which he drenches his heap with a ivcak
solution of this sulpiia'.e of iron, and as fast an
this so'i'iion runs tiiprefrcm, he poms it on again.

I'he value of ammonia to vegetation has been
clearly niid distinctly proved : it only renmins to
discover in what form and quantity its application
is most beneficial.

SILK CIRCULAR.
To Silk Growers in .\'ew England :

Gkntlkmkn — At a Convention of Si!k Growc.-s,
held in Northampton, on the 10th Nov. last, it was
uiianiuioiisly

Resolved, That, as during the infancy of the
silk business, great practical benefits may be ex-
pected from periodical meetings of its friends, a
coniniittce be chosen to consist of one from each
of the New England States, whose duly it shall be
to call a Convention at such time and pl-ce as Ihey
may deem expedient, to bo called " The New Eng-
land Silk Convention."

Thereupon, L R. Barbour, Oxford, Mass. ; D'.
P. lirownell. East Hartford, Cl. ; David Bcnedic,
Esq., Pawtucket, R. 1. ; Dr. Artemas Bobbins,
Bellows Falls, Vt. ; Calvin Messingcr, Newport,
N. H., and Luther Severance, Esq., Augusta, Mc.,
were appointed as this committee.

In pursuance of tho purposes conlemplatrd above,
tho subscribers say, that they design to invite a
meeting of Silk Growers at some central place, the
early part of tho ensuing autumn. In the mean-
time, it has occurred to them, that, by an early at-
tention to the matter, a great amount of valuable
information connected with the Silk culture, may
be collected as the results of feeding the present
season, and embodied in tho form of a statistical
table, to be laid before the convention and the pub-
lic.

346

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

NAT 4, 1$4«.

It is cheering to know lint tlio results of the
Bumiiicr'd operations have been fjeni'rtiUy dctiiledly
encoiirayiM;,' ; tlml the ag;;r'"gato of the silk crop
in Massachuaclls, nhows nearly a three /olJ aiivn^cc
upon any preceding year; that this is probably
abo'.it the ratio of increase in the other Slates of
New Rngland nnil tlirouuhoiit the country; that
public confidence, after the Into revulsion, isic-
lurninj to the business, and that the silk culture is
extending ilseU" as rapidly as correct itit'orinntion
rrspeciinj it is diffused— thus jriving promise that
it will soon become fully established.

'I'd secure this important object, all that is want-
ed by our intelligent and enterprising men, xsfnds,
facts — well-atlestedyad*. The results of feeding
in IH4l,coiild they now be all collected and em-
bodied so as to give u Inbiitnr view of the whole
matter, would, it is fully believed, at once satisfy
any business man, in regard to the entire J'tnsibilitij
of Ihe silk cn;--prtsc, and that its profits, when
rightly conducted, are greater than in other bran-
ches fif ordinary farming. Let us then be prepared
to give the public the.^e facts, next autumn, in such
a form as to command the confidence of business
men. Do we not owe this smill service to our-
selves, to our country, and to the unborn millions
that are in future times to be clothed and f''d and
educated from the fruits of this interesting form of
agricultural industry ?

Fur this purpose it is only nec'essiry for each
one engaged in the 'business, whether he does much
or little, to keep such records as will enable him to
ansiver the following <|ueslions :

1. Mow many seasons have you fed worms?

2. What quantity of land have you fed from the
past season ?

3. How old are your trees ? (If they are of dif-
ferent ages, give the average.)

4. How many pounds of cocoons hare you made,
wei^'hed as they are gathered .'

.'5. What has been the expense' of making the
cocoons here reported .'

These questions con all be answered in figures.
For a rule of estimating expenses, see below. In
addition to these queslions, there are a few others
which we suggest :

1. What kind of trees do you use ?

2: Have your trees been essentially injured bv
standing out winters?

3. Do you head down your trees in the spring ?

4. In gathering foliage, do you cut up the bushes?

5. What kind of buildings do you feed in? and
how well ventilated ?

0. Do you give your worms any artificial heat ?

7. Have you c-.'cr fed in an o/)f;i place, like a
shed or corn barn, v liere^ the worms had a perfectly
pure air ? If bo, stale tlic results very particularly.

8. Do you use nir-slncked lime upon your worms?

9. Have you failed in any ))art of your opera-
tions the past season ? If so, state the cause and
circumstances.

These points will be all that is essential to the
purpo.ses designed, though we shall be thankful for
any remarks or facts bearing on the general sub-
ject. To give expenses by some uniform rule, we
sug^rest the lollowing simple method. Make a
little book, in which, at the close of each day, to
enter the number of hours employed by men, wo-
men and children. 'I hen consider the labor of
able-bodied men at 10 cents per hour; women at
(i cents; boys and girls between I.') and 17, at r>
cents; between I'i and 1,'i, at 3 cents ; and under
I'i, at 'i cents.

The expen'^c of planting, trees, we wish to be
given by iVsfJ/V as that is not an annual expense.
Give us also the fair, rent of the buildings used,
and we have all that is wanted.

That we may have time to prepare the contem-
plated table in season for the convention, we wish
to have the returns all sent in by the 15th of Sep-
tember. To every pcr-!on furnishing a return, free
of expense, a copy of the table will be sent. Di-
rect to I. R. Itarbour, Oxford. Mass., post ;)ni,'/.
I. R. BARBOUR,
1'. BROWNF.[>L.
ARTKMAS RORBINS,
CAIA'IN MESSINGFR,
LUTHKR SFVKRANCE,

DAVID bi:np:dict,

March ^A, 1842. Committee..

P. S- The committee design to send this circu-
lar to every silk grower in New England. But
many of course will be overlooked, because un-
known to them. Will you, therefore, show this to
all in your neighborhood, and get as many returns
as possible. In Massachusetts there cannot be
less than 500 cocooneries of some sort. In New
England probably not les« than 2000. From all
these establishments we would hope for full re-
turns, in due time, and free of expense. All silk
growers are equally interested in the object aimed
at, and the committee, as such, have no funds.

'FARMERS, MAGNIFY YOUR CALLING.

I. wish I could see in all our fanners a disposi-
tion to magnify their calling; but I have been
grieved in many a farm-house, to listen to lamenta-
tions over what they term their " hard lot." I
have heard the residents upon a noble farm, all
paid for, talk about drudgery, and never having
their work done, and few or no opportunities for
the children ; and I have especially been sorry to
hear the females lament over the hard fate of some
promising youth of seventeen or eighteen, who was
admirably filling up his duties, and training him-
self for extensive usefulness and influence. They
have made comparison between his situation, coarse-
ly clad and working hard, and coming in fatigued,
with some cousin at college, or young man who
clerked it in a city store, till at loni;th the boy has
become dissatisfied, and begged off from his irue
interests and happiness. I am conversant with no
truer scenes of enjoyment than I have witnessed
in American farin-hou.ses, and even log cabins,
where the father, undiT the influence of enlighion
ed Christianity and sound views of life, has gone
with his family, os the world have termed it, inlo
the woods. The land is his own, and he has every
inducement to improve it ; he finds a healthy em-
ployment for himself and family, and is never at a
loss for materials to occupy his mind. I do. not
think the physician has more occasion for research
than the farmer; the proper food of vegetables and
animals will alone constitute n wide and lasting
field of investigation. T'le daily journal of a liir-
mer is a source of much interest to himself and
others. 'J'lie record of his labors, the exprossicm
of his hopes, the nature of his fears, the opinions
of his neighbors, the results of his experiments, Ihe
entire sum total of his operations, will prove a deep
source of pleasure to any tliinking man. If the
cstoblishment of agriciilturni societies, and the
cattle nhowg of our country should have the cfTcct
of stimulating one farmer in every town to manage
his land ond stock upon the bast principles of hus-

bandry, there would be a wonderful and speedy .
tcrntion in the products of the earth, because coij
parison would force itself upon his friends t|
neighbors ; and his example would be certaiii
beneficial, for prejudice itself will give way
profit. — Chowlta' Oration be/ore the American
alilute.

I'.

FRUIT TREES— THEIR DISEASES AN!
INSECT ENE.MIES.

We extract tl'.e following from the "Trani
tions of the New York Stale Agrieultiiral Societ
comiiiunicaled by David Thomas, Esq.:

The Pear Tree. — '■ Neither the borer nor thi
caterpillar attack the Pear tree ; but someliinei
flics, wasps, and hornets are busy among the leavi
showing that all is not right, and that honey di
emitted by plant lice, attracts them. But this li
is subject to a more serious injury, to ivit: the
blight, which occurs early in summer, the lea<
from the extremity of the branches for two or mi
feet, appearing as if they were scorched.
think, hnw(jre.', that two distinct causes occatii
ally operate to produce similar effects, namely: iflL,
sects, and a starting of thi bark in winter.

The late Professor Peck, on cxsiiiinin
branch of a pear tree which had died with
blight, said the damage was caused by an insel
(Seob/lus pyri,) and that to cut off the limbs a foot
or mure below the dead part, and immediately bun
them, would be the proper remedy. We ban
faitlil'ully followed this advice; and though thl
fire blight Ins been several times in the fruit gar
den, its ravages have always been arrested ot cnc«
so that wc have not lost a tree from this cause it
twenty years. Wc have believed that the na«
colonies went with us when wo carried off and it-
stroyed the branches.

The starting of the bark in winter, appears l<
be caused by au unliiuety flowing of the sap, fol
lowed by intense cold, which expands it into ie«
and separates the bark from the wood. We hat4
observed such effects once or twice, succeeded o|
some of the smaller branches, by a blighting oftb|
leaves, but we believe it seldom occurs in this di*'
trict (Cayuga county.)

The Plum Tive. — " The Plum tree is sometimt^
though rarely, attacked by the peach teorm in WM>
tern New York. Its most formidable enemy how.
ever, is the insect that causes the "black gum,'
similar in its cffectH to the insect that destroys dil
iiiorcllo, if they arc not identical. He this a* I
I may, it is rajiidly increasing; and unless, our ftf
mers shall turn over a new leaf, the plum will gooi
become very rare nmnngst us. In every direcliol
that we travel, branches are loaded willi these e«-
cresences ; and if there is one man within fiftj
miles of us who has done his duty, we should b<
pleased to hear it.

Tu guard against this insect, the trees should b«
well pruned, though not enough to check thtii
vigor, so that the iiiiic/if.i may be readily discovw-
cd. Unless this precaution be taken, it would tl
very difficult to find all of them, without speDdtafl
more lime than people in general have to epilE'
Let there be no delay in cutting off and bumif^^
them when they ore found."

Agriculture, like the leader of Israel, atrikettlli >!
rock — the waters flow, and the famished peopRI
ore satisfied — she tupplies, she feeds, she quicfc
all.

vol.. XX. NO. 44.

AND HORTIC U LTII II A I. KL J IS 'I ER.

Fur Ilia N. E. Farmer.

sp.\RE THE nmns.

Mr ALLrN Pltnam — Doar Sir — I noliceil with
icli ploasuru several coiiunuiiicatidn!) iii your pn-
r Ihe last lioiisoii, rclalivo to the proleclion <■!"
■is. Il 18 quite time tliac lliit subject sliouUI ro-
ive inuro ■ttcntion, althuuj;!) tiio laws of llii.i
ite Tor tlio protccti'in of jjaino and oilirr bin).-",
B luflicienlly ample, provided it was anyone's
iy to attend to tlie enforcement of tlieni. A low
Wecutions would soon put a stop to llic wliole-
e destruction of birds at thia season of the year,
3m a careful estimnte I should think thai the
e of birds and "xanie in this market amounted to
)ut $1.'),000 yearly ; but during the last season, I
las fallen oft materially. |

believe that it is not known generally that |
re is a fiiio of $2 for every marsh bird killed or i
loscd for sale between the months of .March and
Hcmber. 'J'lie two or three last years, in the
nth of May, (at which time the birds stop a few j
oks on their way to Ihcir breeding places in the ]
th,) there have been more rod-breasts, plovers
other marsh birds sold in the Quincy market I
ine week than there liavc been shot during the
lie fall season: iho consequence is, that they
nearly exterminated, and in a few years will
entirely so. The same will apply to the wood-
■c, and other game birds, that were formerly shot
his vicinity : — these birds are not only shot at
time that they make their appearance in the
ng, but through all the hatching season, as they
e off their nests and before the young are fully
jed ; at which time they are easily killed ; and
he fourth of July, up to which time trie law al-
i them for breeding, (which is too short,) thera
t any left for the sportsmen and others who
ot wish to violate the law.
I the month of May last year, there were shot
le day in the vicinity of Maiden, fifty dozen
•, and they were sold in the market at '2^ els.
dozen. Now, the dealers in the market would
fly dare to expose them for sale, if they thought
o was a chance of their being prosecuted. At
istable, (where most of these birds come from
e spring,) the marshes are entirely deserted
aem in the fall ■ — so much so, that the sports-
and others who generally resort to them in
all, to recruit their health after a summer's
in town, did not the last year kill enough to
— (five years since a hundred birds a day was
r allowance.) If no one else will attend to
Tosecution of these poachers, I hope the sports-
will — and follow the good examplo of i^r.
F^r, of Edgar'.own, who rode one niglit last
er, thirty miles, after dark, to catch and con-
-he poachers who went to the Vineyard to
11 grouse for fbnie of the eating houses in this
Their names are generally known: I shall
epeat them, as I have heard that they are so
ned of their being caught poaching, that they
not poach again in a hurry. That prosecu-
t :<ino doubt saved the lives of more than one
and grouse the last winter.

Yours, SNIPE.

^The days of miracles seem not to be past,
ys of yore, the aes spoke to Balaam ; and now
>nipe" sends us a communication. We are
bly less disturbed by the wonder than wastho
of the beast in ancient writ; fur we are not
ience-smilten at the words of the bird. We

hope, however, that Bfuiie whose eyes muy Hee theoo glad to lenrii lliat (me who liaa been so hiicci ssful
lines, will hear iho voice of conscience reproaching ' in making good butter, is yet dosiron* to make
them for their sins. Let us alone, say the birds — noiiiu Iliot Khnll be bettor than hi^ own beat. — Ed.
lot tho birds live, say« the biw — let Ihcm live, says i

humanity let them live, says a bitter Inslr iban \ I'lom ihe Farnin'i CJi zultc.

the Epicurean appi?tile of the glutton. N'en, sports- j ^ _ —

men, fancy that ihe voice of " .Snipe" iw the voice | R E A R I N (J C A I. V E S .

of Hiiii who made the birds, and cruse from your! Ma Editor — As the time for rearing' calvci is

deadly work. — Ei>. iippruacliing, I wish to invite the attention of the

i farmers to tli h impnrtant braiirhof h',:-bnndry.

I And firfl ; raise none hut good i.nes. By this
I I do Hot moan iImI a calf must bj ii Durlnni, n Dc-
' \on, or any other nclected breed, in order to be

-, _, , • . J u . 1-..1 r i woilh raising. But how shall I determine, one in-

Mii Editor — 1 am purposing to do what little I i .,• i i- • .i • ;.,„ s

- . , . n . . M '. -.1 .1 1 quires, when a call a week ol<. is worth rnising .'

can to furnish yoo "Boston folks ' with the good ' ' i.- i . ii r.iiii;,Vi.

- , . ,r- 1 •. n ■ . • • 11 • 1 wil tell you. II he has u g<io.l loin, a full thigh,

things of this ife, and It will consist principally in , ■' , ■ .■ 7i . . „„ i „„t

, '^ , . , , ... . r r and is cut up well under the throat, you need not

what I have oiig been in the practice of sending , ... r i i- i

.1 ...1 T...„„ ...i.„ !,„..„ .,.„.i ;. i,„..„i, " f'-a'-- And then commence ^our feed no higher

For the N. E. Farmer.
CHURNING MILK

and what those who have used il have been
pleased to call goo;/ butler. And iis snnie of you
iiave made up your minds ihnt there is a considera-
hlo diflTorence in the value of the two kinds of but-
ter, one of which, when put on bread, makes il
decidedly less palatnble, and the other makes it

than yoo can ever after maintuin it with profit.
Some, when they wish lo make an extra fine; am-
iiial, give the calf the use of a good cow tliroiigli
the summer. This, in my opinion, is a very mis-
taken policy. To say nothing of the expense be-
yond the return of profit, 1 consider it highly detri-

something considerably belter, I have by careful:-' , . .i ■ . •■ u- ■ i ,„;„„ k.,o „.>ni.
." , , , ^ , . ' . nicntal to the animal Itself, in producing fine quail-
observation, been able to make some improvement . , . I .i r i, c . fi.„

, . ' . , , . ties, by causing a too rapid growth of bone lor tlic

in my dairy a most every year since I began to ' / , . . .i - ii ,^ ,„i,i„,i

,.,•',.■', Ilk- . A i muscle ; so that when the animal bocomos settled,

think that there could be any improvements made ; , c i . . i i . „ r i,,r,o

, , ... , ,..., ■' , ' ... you will find n too extended proportion of bone,

niul I wish to make a little advance this year ini-' , ,.. '. , .,_ „:„„i ■. «•

, . p ,. 11.. II „ .1 .producing coarse qualities. And the mischul

the art of making good butter, and I presume that, ' = .^..' ... •„,„„j„i r,, „ i,,„-,i

.,, . -I,- '. .L stops not here. If the calf is intended tor a Ureeil-

vou wi be very willing to assist me or any others, . ' , ,, ^ ■■ l- i i ■■■„,„ i ..

:. . ■' ■? ,. , .11 ing animal, you will find It highly injurious to his

ifyoucan, by communicating to us through vour = , _,,'.■' ,. *" . .. ^ ,„„ , ;„:„,„

' r -■ u .1 ■ I, stock. This you may discover in their lonu' joints,

paper, any information you may hove on the sub- , , i , ■ „ i. i,„.

' ' ' ' •' ■' I coarse long hair and larce consimimtr It has

lect. I contemn ale keeping a considerable number I, " ,, . , .. . i :. i ,i,:,„

J . , . ' J I L 1 I been repeatedly tested, that calves raised on skirn-

of cows this season, and as I have a horse-power, I I ,-,,,. i .. .„ i ,i ,„ , „»»,o „i.<

. , -II. ] I ■ ,] , ■, ;ii i' 1 med milk, hay tea, &c., at two and three years old.

intend to churn my tnilk — believing that it will he
more sure to make good butter by having the milk
churned when it is perfectly swcot. In warm
weather, the milk frequently sours before the cream
has had time lo rise, and destroys the fine flavor of
the butter. Churning milk is practiced in many
parts of the country, but I have not been able to
learn what I wish to know on the subject, and
which I now ask you to give mo.

And first — How long ought the milk to stand

will quite out-do those raised by the cow and put
upon the same keep afterwards. Il requires no ar-
gument to prove that il will not do for farmers to
incur an expense that produces no adequate return.
BENONI.
Uoodbury, (Conn..) April 1st, 1842.

MANURE FOR GARDENS.
We have tried a variety of kinds fiir a garden.

before il is churned ? Will it do to churn it as I g„j these iu a variety of forms, and so far an our
soon as it is cool enough — or does it need to stand ! experience warrants an assertion in favor of any
till the cream has principally separated from the ! p^^ij^yiaf i^inJ^ we must give a decided preference
milk? I lo simmp mud, or miir*. One iirgumenl in its fa-

Second — Must the milk be put in pans, or may ! y^^ j^^ t||^( \^ seldom produces weeds. Anotiier,
it be put ill larger vessels, and put into an ice ccl- 1 ^^^^^ jj contains so muOh vcsctable matter in a. de-
lar, well, or some otlior cool place, and stand till it I gomposible state, lh^t ifl easily brought to operate
has sufficient age, without giving the cream an op- I ^^ ji^g fj.oj of plants. It also, from the slowness
portiinity to rise .' ; of its decay, continues its efTcct longer than most

Third — What kind of churn is best — a dash other manures. Its cheapness also commends it,
churn, to be worked by horsepower — a barrel j (or all its cost is the mere gelling of il from the
churn, one that stands still and has floats that turn j pon,i j,ole, which will be sure to fill its treasury
in it — or some other kind ? ; before a new draft, is necessary. In order lo liavu

Fourth — Can the buttermilk be made into cheese , jj prime, it should be placed in a pile for a (cw
to good advantage, or is it as good as skimmed j^..^^ ^pd asjies or lime mixed with it, and subject-
milk that has not been churned ? ,.j ^q workings until the lumps are all reduced, and

If you or some of the readers of the Farmer
will answer these questions, you will much oblige
your friend the butter maker, residing on the '• old
temperiincc farm."

SAM'L CHAMBERLAIN.

H'estboro',.1pril23, 18-12.

[C/'We hope that our corrcspondeiits who are
accustomed to churn milk, will answer the inqui-
ries of Mr Chamberlain. It is not usual in this vi-
cinity lo make butter in the way concerning
which Mr C. inquires, and wc have no experience
to guide us in a reply to his questions. Wc are

the two simpiea thoroughly compounded. It may
then be put, (half a shovelful will answer,) in the
hill for melons, cucumbers, anil squashes. For
radishes and the like; we use il as a top-dressing.
— Genesee Farmer.

If there is any man who may eat his bread at
peace with man and God, it is the man who has
brought that bread out of the earth by his own
honest industry : — it is cankered by no fraud, it m
wet with no tears, it is stained with no blood. —
C'olman.

.■>4«

NEW ENGLAND F A R iM E R ,

MAY 4, 1641

From Ci.lmaii's Fourth Report.

<IECLAIMING OF PEAT LANDS BY B.

PIIINNEY, ESa, ABEL MOORE, AND

OTHERS.

Mr Phiniiey'g Stntimtnt.

" I consider my poat ^rmind's by far llie most
vniUiaMe part of my fnnn. They are more vnliia-
blc llinn my ivond lots for f'U-1, more Ihan double
the value ^f an efpiul number of acres of upland
for the purposed of cultivation, and in addition to
these, they furnish an inexhaustible supply of llie
most essential ingredient for the compost heap.
Some years since, I occasionally sold to my neigh-
bors a few rods of my peal land, annually, to be
cut out far fuel, at $'i per rod square, heinj at the

admit the oxen or horses upon it, then follow with Abel Moore, of Concord, Middlesex county, whoi •
the hoe and roller, and make such parts smooth as I improvements iiave been reni'^rkablc and in tH '■'

may be left uneven by the plow, and late in Novcm
ber, cart and spread on not less than twenty cart-
loads of r.ompost to the acre, m;\<le of equal parts
of loam or vegetable mould iind stable dunj, then
sow the grass seed, and bush, and roll down.

"If after all requisite draining, the laud still re-
mains so wet and miry as to render the use of the
plow impracticable, the bog-hoe must be resorted
to, and the whole turned over by hand, the top-
dressing carried on in the winter, and the grass
seed sowed in the spring; ond if done before the
frost is all out, it may be bushed and rolled down,
otherwise it must be raked in by hand. The cost
of turning over witii the hoc, will not exceed $20

rate of i6-180 per acre, but finding this'sum to be per acre, at the usual prices of labor,
less than its value for cultivation, especially when » This mode of culture, completely subdues the
laid to grass, I have declined making further sales natural grasses and wild herbage, and gives a com-
Bl that price.' ! have raised upon my reclaimed I pact, rich surface of vegetable mould, winch will
meadows, 75 bushels corn, 500 bushels potatoe.-), [ give an abundance of crop of the best hay for four
and from 4 to 5 tons of the best hay, at the first or five years, without the aid of more manure. If

m

and second cutting, to the acre, at a less expense
of labor and manure than would be required to pro-
duce half this crop upon my uplands.

"To render these lands productive, they should
be thoroughly drained, by cutting a ditch around
the margin of the meadow, so as to cut oif the
springs and receive the water that is continually
flowing in from tiie surrounding uplands. If the
meadow be wide, a ditch through the centre may
be necessary, but this will be of no use without
the border ditches. This being thoroughly done,
iind the surplus water all drawn off, the next stop
is to cctcriiiinate the wild grasses and herbage of
every kind that grow upon the surface. To effect
this, the method heretofore, anil now iy some pur-
sued, is to cover with sand or gravel from three to
aix inches deep, top-dress with manure, sow the
grass seed, and rake or busli it over. This, for
tfie first year or two, will give a good crop of hay.
I5ut after this, I have invariably found that the
more hardy and coarse kinds of wild grass would
Avork their v\ay through the sand and gravel, and
completely supplant the cultivated grasses, when
the whole must have tmother covering and another
top-dressing, or be abandoned as worthless. If to
be planted with corn or any of the root crops, my
course has been to turn over the turf or sward,
with a plow having n wrought iron share and coul-
ter, both ground to a sharp edge, in the driest sea-
son, s.Ty in the month of September, roll down as
hard as possible, carry on the following winter a
sutlicient top-dressing of compost, about 20 cart-
loads to the acre, and in the spring spread the same,
and |)laut with corn or routs, wiihciit disturbing the
sod. When the corn or root crop is taken off, the
surface is made smooth with the cultivator or hoe
and harrow, and late in November, or just before
the severe frosts set in, sow with herdsgraas and
rod-top seed, half a bushel of the former and a
bushel of the latter, to the acre ; the field is then
rolled, which conipJetes the process. If iho plow
docs not turn ti.e sward entirely over, it will be
necessary to follow with the bog-hoc, to level the
uneven places. Uy keeping the sid undisturbed
during the cultivaiion, a more firm and compact
surface is formed, upon which oxen or horses may
walk, gonerolly without danger of miring. If the
ground be intended for grass without the interven-
tion of a hoed crop, the turf is turned over or be-
fore stated, in August or September, or as early in
the season ai the surface becomes dry enough to

the sod be disturbed and attempted to be pulverized
in the course of the cultivation, the surface when
laid to grass will be loose and spongy, an extra
top-dressing ot compost will be required, and after
all, the surface will never become so couipact, nor
the produce by any means so great.

"Should meadows be found too soft and miry to
admit of being plowed in the summer or autumn,
and the expense of turning with the hoe be thought
too great, I would rccomiueiid plowing in the ."-spring,
when the frost is out to the depth of three or four
inches, carting on the manure and then sowing or
planting at a convenient and [iropcr season.

"The most important part-i of the busine-'S in
recl.iiming these meadows, consist in taking off all
the surplus water by judicious draining, and in
thoroughly exterminating the natural herbage and
grass. This being efiected, we have our rich bot-
toms equally as productive as the deep alluvions of
the west, and obtained at a cost and sacrilice very
much less.

" In answer to your inquiry whether I have turn-
ed over green sward and sowed it directly down to
grass without manuring, I reply that I have not:
my course has been to top-dress the inverted sward
with compost. With reference to the ultinnte im-
provement of the soil, I plow deep, which brings
to the surface a considerable portion of the poor
subsoil, requiring to he mixed with manure to ren-
der it productive. That land may be greatly bene-
fited by turning over the greensward after the crop
of hay is taken ofi", and iiumediately sowed to grass
without manure, I have no question ; but for pre-
sent profit, as well as with a view to future im-
provement, it may be well to dress with miiuirc.
My best crops of grass are, however, from fields
which have been planted, the season of turning
over the green sward, with corn or roots^ and sow-
ing to grass the next spring without disturbing the
inverted sward. I have found that when grass seed
is Bowed upon the sward without cultivating it for
one season, the poorer kinds of natural grasses
spring up between the furrow slices, and in the
course of o year or two, entirely supplant the bet-
ter kinds of cultivated grasses. This is a great
object with farmers who raise hay for the market.
The qunntily grown upon an ocre, without putting
on a hoed crop tor the t'lrst season after turning
over, may be quite as great, but of inferior quality."

highest degree productive. The land, which ht
thus been renovated, before his improvement
though almost in the centre of the beautiful villa^
of Concord, would scarcely have brought a rent
25 cents to the acre. Those who would see whi
magic power there is in skillful cultivation, woil,
find a high gratification in comparing a part of th
meadow which now remains in its oricfinnl stat
with that which, I had almost said, Mr .Mnore hi
raised from the dead and adorned with lit'-' and bea
ly. The mode in which Mr Moore forms tl ^^
ditches, by making them so wide at the lop tit
the slope to the bottom is so gradual that they nu
be crossed in the summer eeason with a team wifi
out a bridge, deserves particular attention. He
is no heaving of frosts and caving in of banks,
undermining of the edges of the ditch ; and t)
slope of the bank is so easy that grass mayl ,
gronn and mowed to the very bottom

Mr Moon's Slalcnienl. J

" in the winter of 1S20 I begun to cut ofT t i
brush from about 20 acres of my farm, lying bi
tween the old county road and the turnpike Icadiif
from Concord to Boston. In the summer of 18i)
I commenced ditching this meadow land by cuttii
ditches through the same about 4 feet wide, a
from 3 to 4 feet deep. In the fall of the sat
year, I commenced gravelling about two acrea
the same land by carting on about 500 loads
sandy loam to the acre. In the spring of l.S2f
sowed these two acres down with oats and gre
seed, and had a large crop of oats. I have c»
since had a largo crop of grass twice every ye
without any depreciation. On about one half
this land, I have never put any manure since it *
first sowed down, but it has the wash of the roi
which Aoes it considerable good. I have conl
ucd reclaiming more or less of this land every yi
since, and have already finished about 32 acres,
am doing more at this time, and shall continue
reclaim tliis land until I gel the greater part of
done.

" Yon ask me if I have ever pared and burnt I
land. Answer, I have not: but I have a pari
machine which I have run through both ways
as to cut it in junks about five inches deep,
have then turned it over, rolled it down, add
sandy loam and compost, and sowed it down w
oats and grass seed. This I did two ye.ui a
last spring, and had the best crop of oats 1 ei
raised, and 1 have had since as large crops ol gn
on this as on any other laiiil. I have plowed fo
or five acres of the land since I fixed it, and ha
raised the frtst year large crops of potatoes, t
then laid it down the next spring with oats, whi
and grass seed. In e\ery inslaiwe I have notfa
od of having a large crop.

" Vou ask me how often it requires top-drcssir
Answer : About once in two or three years. I I
ways put on the dressing in the fall, if couveuiei
I spread it, then harrow it well, and roll it do»
" You ask me if I have measured any of I
meadow land ond weighed the hay. Answer;
I caused a small square piece between two ditchet
bo measured. It contained S4 rods. The gn
was well dried in two days of as good hay wcatb
as we hod last year, ond weighed 'M hundred ti
5 lbs. I cut a good second crop on the siff
which I did not weigh.

The next account which I shall give is that of 1 "I have never kept any particular account

vol.. XX. M>.

AND H O R T I C U L T U R A L R E G I S T E R

34 D

miiciuls ino to rcJooin my mcsdow. Hull
e tlio I'vo first cropi hare tinply repaid oil

peiiso for the whole Isbor.

•' III (litcliing my meadow of lalo, I have left no
l>ank(i, bill have levelled it back, ao as In
!:i$» to tlio very cdpe of the bank, and to

vent the banks from caving in."

My i.cxl nccoiinl i» from Amos Bancroft, M. D ,
Gri'tDn, wliofo method will bo found to bo in
ne respects diircrent from that pursued by others.

0 appearnnco of his mowinfj fields and the
ounl of his potato crops, certainly speak well fur

husbandry.

Dr. BancroJVa StaiemtnL
' I will irive you a concise account of my method
rcclnimin^ the peal meadows. I have tried
will!,', pnrinfr, and planting with potatoes. 1
nU plowing in the beginning does not answijr.
rst drsin the ground by ditching, if it requires
Then I bog and cut olf the hassocks, stack
m and burn them on the ground or remove them
he upland Part of our peat nicailow has no
socks or bogs. My practice has been to phut
"ore breaking the surface. 1 place a shovelful
manure and earth, or any good compost, in hills
the ground, about three feet apart for my pota-
a, and in dressing them with bog hoes, cover
m from the surface sods and make potato hills ;

1 suitable size ; they require hut little more at-
tioii until they are dug. After this, if the sur- !
e is sntBciently rotten or pulverized, I give it a
ssing and sow with timothy and rcdlop; if not,
low and plant another year. 'I'hc more gravel
loam I carry on, the better. The first crop of
laloea, I think, pays for the labor. After it is

'n down, il will require to be plowed or dressed
ry three or four years. My meadow gives me
> tons of hay to the acre. Where the giound is
wet to be plowed, I cart on gravel and manure,
1 repeat every three or four years. Potatoes
1 hay are the only crops I have succeeded in
mging to profit. Oats will grow rank, but are
ale to be hlisted and fall down. Wheat and
S I think, will do no better; but I have experi-
nted on n very small scale on the two latter,
ne, plaster, and ashes I have never tried. The
son I plow my ground on the meadow, instead
letlnig it lie and dressing it every few years, is
;au«c I raise my potatoes on it easier than on
! upland. I think, likewise the process of plow-
■J and harrowing improves the soil by pulverizing
1 warming the surface. The annual quantity of
atoes raised on the meadow is from three to
0 hundred bushels."

Another farmer in Grnton, Rnfus Morrs, whoso
ming is excellent, has effected great iiiiprove-
mts in the reclamation of peat meadows. His
finises indicate indefatigable industry directed
great skill and judgment.

Ho disapproves, he says, from long experience,
J application of gravel to these lands. He ' bogg'
5 meadow with a hoe, that is, turns over all the
ds ; carries on a compost of loam and manure
xed, plants potatoes, or lays it down with oats
be cut green, or sows it in the fall without any
ain. He has sometimes taken np a piece in the
tumn ; repeatedly harrowed it until it was re-
iccd to a fine state ; manured it ; then powed
ass seed at the rate of half a bushel of herds-
ass and a quantity of red-top, but no clover, and
e next season has taken a large burden of grass
3m this land.

I have found nowhere on a small scale, more 1 planting his trees deep ; but cultivates thorn as

nkillful improvements executed than on the larni of
Mark l-'ay, in .Marlboro'. Ilo mado various at-
tempts, of which ho gives the siibjoinod acrouiil.
Kiom l)?'iil until IH.Jti, ho states that ho tried vari-
ous ways, until he adopted llio plan of liirfing, and
burning the turf in heaps and spreading the ashes.
Me then in June scederl tlio ground wilh grass
seed, and at the sniiio time sowed oats, which he
cut in August for fodder, and as nearly as he could
judge, ho had about two Ions to the acre. The
next season he had a crop of herdsgrasa and clover.
He mowed the ground twice, and obtained by oHti-
iimliou, four tons to the arre. In September, 18;}7,
he turfed and burnt about one fourth of an acre,
and sowed winter rye. In June, the ensuing sea-
son, ho cut about two rods of the straw for braid-
ing straw, which proved very good. He reaped the
remainder, which yielded five bushels of good rye.
In .\ugu8t, 1S'}8, he turfed about (me acre, and let
the turf lay about a week turned bottom up and
then sol fire to it as it lay. It burnt very well.
He thinks this better than to burn it in heaps, as
il leaves the ground more even, and saves the la-
bor of collecting the turf The expense of turfing,
burning, and seeding this sere, was about 12 dol-
lars, whereas his first experiment cost him more
than .'>0 dollars per acre. In the second year, he
gives the ground a top-dressing witli compost
manure, and continues llus yearly. His first move-
ment is to ditch the ground thorougiily, and so to
drain that the water in the ditches certainly may
not stand within eighteen inches of the surface,
and he finds it necessary to cut a ditch near the
hard land, the margin of the meadow, so as to. in-
tercept the cold springs. He usually plaj»ts the
banks of the ditches two or three years wilt, pota-
toes; and after this part of the ground gels well
wanned and rotted, he spreads it on the grass for
a top-dressing.

F^rom the same.

ORCHARDS.

There arc many orchards in Middlesex, of large
extent and in excellent condition. Two wore
some time since the subjects of premium from the
Massachusetts Agricultural Snciety. The one be-
longing to Nalium Hardy, of Waltham, who re-
claimed eight acres of land from a wild and rude
stale, and planted it with .500 apple trees, all en-
grafted fruit ; the other, of E. Phinney, of Lexing-
ton, who brought a rough piece of land into n
suitable condition and planted it wilh 400 trees.
Both these farmers ha\e extended their cultivation
since that lime, and the admirable condition of
their trees evinces the skill and care of their man-
agement. The product of the orchard of the latter,
makes a large item in the returns of his (arm. He
has more than a thousand trees in bearing.

near the surface as ho can, and si ihu Hamo time
aulficiently to cover llifl roots.

John Wellrs, whoso farm is in Natick, in this
county, and than whom few men among us have
given morn attenti(jn to the sulijeol of fruit and
forest tree", con-lders the ordinary lif"- of appio
trees about sixty years ; but it would he desirable
to replace llicin soon after their decline cnmmen-
coH. The situation most favorable to an orchard is
a sheltered situation with a moist soil. He suc-
ceeded in producing a valuable growth of trees on
a light and unfriendly soil, by making a hide for
planting four feet square; after removing about a
foot of llie top-soil, which was to be reliirneil round
the tree, taking out the hard pan at boltom to a
sufHcicnl depth to deposit it in a load of stones,
and then sprinkling some mould on the sloiies and
planliiig his tree. The stones served to preserve
moisture for the roots and gave likewise in their
interstices room for the roots to extend themselves.
No farmer need complain that his land is not suita-
ble for an orchard ; because he may make it suits,
ble, at an expense which the fruit of the tree after
it comes in bearing w-ill soon compensate.

James Cutter, of Weston, has been remarkably
successful in transplanting trees of more than ordi-
nary size. He has removed pear trees of 8 and 10
inches in diameter. His practice is to clean the
dirt entirely from the roots of the tree ; to cut off
nil the roots, al a distance of fiiur or five feet from
the tree, and to put no manure in the hole.

1. M. Gourgas, of Weston, a farmer of much ex-
perience and intelligence, disapproves of applying
while-wash or uuy caustic wash to the trees; but
he has found great advantage in the application of
ashes to llieiii at the roots. To my inquiries of
one of the best farmers in the county, whose trees
were in the most healthy and perfect c<mditi«n
possible, what wash he applied to the bark, he
answered the only wash he applied was to the
roots ; that is, he kept the trees themselves enrich-
ed and cultivated in as careful a manner as he
would if they had been the most delicate and val-
ued exotics.

J^'uessily of Light to Vegdnlion. — .Mlhough
philosophers are not agreed as to the peculiar ac-
tion which light exerts upon vegetation, and there
is even some doubt respecting the decomposition
of air and water, during that process, one thing is
undeniable — the necessity of light to the growth
and health of plants ; for without it, they have
neither color, laate, or smell; and, accordingly
they arc for the most part so formed ns to receive
it at all times when it shines upon them ; their
cups and the little assemblages of their leaves be-
fore they sprout, are found to be more or less af-
fected by the light, so as to open and receive it.
Mr Phinney saved some of his trees a few years j j^ ^^^^^.^^ (.j^j^ „f pi^^ts this is more evident th.in
since by a process which is worth recording. They | j^ ^j^eis ; their flowers close ot night and open in
had been completely girdled near the ground in j ,||p j.,y gg^^g constantly turned round towards
the winter by the mice, who had eaten the bark L,,g jj^^j^ f^^,„o„i„„ f,,g g^^ ^g ^ were, while he
round to a width of two or three inches or more. , ,,,^,^ J ^^ 3^5,^3 jo make his revolution, so that
By cutting scions and inserting the ends of several

of them in the spring round the tree, under the
bark, above and below the injury, so as to form a
communication for llie sap, the injured parts have
begun to grow together, the whole wound may ulti-
mately be covered, and the tree live and flourish.
To most persons after the injury, their situation
would have seemed desperate. Mr Phinney avoids

they receive the greatest quantity possible of his
rays — thus, clover in a field follows ihc oppareiit
course of the sun. But all leaves of plants turn
towards the sun, place them how you will, light
being essential to their well-being. — nrouglmm.

No man ever lost any thing by boiiig honest.

330

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAT 4, IM

ixn hohticultit.al rkgistkr.

CofTO!*, Weduksdat, May 4, 1842.

LIEBIG'S AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY.

A distin^uisfrfid Profi-pgnr in Germnny, in discussing
with thu oullior of the above iinmpd work, llie question
of tlio use i>rnlkallcs to pinnts, nnd in particulnr llie ne-
renslly of potasli for the growth of wheat, nn nliontd, hs
unfavonihle to that view, llie f k t that fine rropg of
wheat wi r.! obt.iined from a purely calcareous snil, ly-
ing o»er limestone, in Hanover. "Then," answered
Prof. I>iebig, " yon may rely upon it !h:it the lime.-Iiine
contains piilanh " His friend took an earlv opimiinnity
to invcslig.Tto the matter, and found, in his surprise,
that the liuiestine in question did contain a very notable
proportion of potash, a fact previously unknown. He
found pouish also in other fi'rlile liniestoreK, and in eve-
ry specimen of clay hn examined, even in the purest
pipe clay. We doubt not, therefore, that pola-ih will bo
fiiund in some form in avery soil in which wheal thrive?.

The fo.-.going is from an article on I.iebig's work in
the London Quarterly Review for March, and ilie wri-
ter observes that he can vouch fur its truth, havinjj
heaid the anecdote attested by the parlies themselves.

We karn that a third edition of this work. is in the
press, and will contain many alterations and valuable
additions from llie author. Prof. I.iebig has been for
some time engaged in prep.iring a work on Animal Che-
mistry, which, so far as received, is also republishing,
under the supervision of Prof. Webster, of Ciimbridge.
Though we arc i:ot ready to adopt the views of Liebig
on several points, we deem his pioducti. ns valuable, and
worthy the attention of all thinking agriculturists.

the length 9 feet. The lovers of mammoth animals
will take pleasure in locking at her.

.i huge Hog, about two and a half years old, a crosB
of the Berkshire and the Grass breed, is lobe seen in
the pen adjoining ihatof tho cow. Ho is said to weigh
1400 lbs. Not remarkable for any thing but »ize. He
is a production of Pennsylvania.

H

SEED COR.N-ITS PREPARATION, &c.

In all casi's use good sccdif itcnn possibly be obtained.
Take only such ears ns have a cob freo from mould, and
MS are dried without healing 'I lie custom of most good
farmers excludes an inch or more at each end of the ear,
and takes the middle only for seed. When one can
plant early, say before the middle ol M.iy, there is no
benefit derived from soaking the seed in n(tter alone ;
but some afliriii that soaking in nitrate of polish — ihai
is, siltpelte— his a favorable effect upon tlip growth of
the plant, and also in preventing the ravagus of worms.
W» have no experience with this article. We plant
without siLtkiiig.

Wo dceni it good economy to plant 50 per cent more
kerni li of corn than yoii wish to have stalki. upon the
ground. This will allow. you to pull up all the puny
and unpromising stalks, and yet have lell a full supply
of such aa are vigorous and healthy.

near tlie.C9Urt
She was

MAM MOT/1 COW

There is to be seen in Court street
House, a cow of very extraordinary
raised by .Mr Benjamin Hills, of Surry, N. H. Will be
six years old in June next. Tl ough she has never hod
« calf, she gives 7 or 8 quarts of milk per d.iy. It is
only about three week, since she was purchased of JMr
Hills, and at that time her weight was three thousand
pounds. It IS supposed that in making the journey
down (rom New Hampshire, she has lost some.hiog in
weight. Her present owners say that her sire was a
Durham Short-Horn, and her dam a naliyo. 'J'he color
liB dork rod or brown— (our eyes are got very good at
distinguishing colors.) The form is fair, will, .miy one
or two slight defects. The height is about

MR CLARK'S ARTICLE ON THE RENOVATION
OF EXHAUSTED SOILS.
Mr Puthah — I have read with much interest the arti-
cle in your paper on the Rcnovaiion of Exhauf ted Soils.
Mr Clark has clear views of the subject on which he
writes, and expiesses them so clearly that it is impossi-
ble to fail of comprehending them. He cerlainly places
a high, if not extravagant, estimate oir the services ren-
dered and to bo rendered to agricullure by gei.logists
and chemists; which, perhaps, may account for his
fling at " Slate piirimony," in not potting a chemist in
the field to develope the ferlilizinj properties of peat
bog or muck. It seems rather h.ird that the Common-
wealth, alter all she lias done in the way of geological
and agricutlural suiveys, should not have some credit
conceded to her. Sho ought surely to be allowed to
take breath, and , to look about a little to witness Ihe
practical results of her l.ibora, before goading her in the
sides f.r not going ahead still faster. .\ good team
should not be driven loo freely.

Besides, it is hut fair and proper that the ciiemists
themselves should bo more united upon the question,
wliat constitutes the essential foorl i.f plants, before the
State sets them at work to ascertain whether the food
exists in this meadow or that bog. If Li< bigg theory be
irue, that tbe principal nourishment of plants is derived
from Ihe atmosphere, then all this analysis of muck, in
search of the elixer vilae o( plants, is so much labor lost.
Let the chemists first settle it among themselve.i wheiher
air, earth,

vegetation, and then the State may, with moro propria
ly bo called upon to put a chemist in the field.

To some of ihe doctrines and statements advanced in
Mr Clark's communication, 1 cannot aa jet subscribe.
On the use of the roller, he says, that by its compressing
the surface of the earth, the air is in some measure ex-
cluded, and moisture is heller retained— it provides
against excessive action and evaporation, by closing the
pores or interstices in such measure as to hold in partial
duress the matter beneath. Now if this theory be correct,
and the practice under it favorable to good cultivation,
then it follows that all stirrin;; of the earth about plants,
in dry weather, either with the hoe, harrow, or culiiva-
lor, is not only useless, but injurious; and that the lop
crust, formed by tho rains and tho sun, should not be
broken or disturbed. But experience teaches a very
different lesson, and therefore this theory a» to tho uso
of the roller, cannol be correct.

Again, he remarks that " the eflect of compressing tho
surface of light land, as seen in the grass sward that fol-
lows the winding of a seldom used path over an old
field, can hardly have esc.iped the notice of any one,
presenting as it frequently does, a verdant stripe amid a
Irfcless waste." I admit the fuel, but not tho cause of
it ; for it may be, as it seems to mc, more reasonably
accounted for by the drnppinga of manure from the
animols and vehicles that pass over the road, than
from any compression given to it by hoofs or lires.
Would the s.rmo effect follow the track of a locomotive
gleam engine ?

Whilst I would by no means discard the roller in l.iy-

ing down a field — for I believe it renders great service

^ in compressing thn carlh about small seed ;— still, I can-

5 feet, nnd ^ not go so far as the intelligent ami experienced agricnl-

lurist ol Northampton, in ascribing lo it virtues [•> ^
it is not fairly eniilh-d. Perhaps, however. Ins
ond facts may be correct, and, as we live lo Icarii

pecially in matters pertaining to agricullure I

hereafter be the wiser for having obtained a knov. 1
of them. Very respectfully,

ALLEN W. DODCf.
Hamilton, April 23d, 1812. '

inrMr Clark, we trust, will give us something mi'
upon the use of the roller on light lands. In the ttAk
time we will merely say that the objection raised b^|
Dodge to Mr C.'s infereirce, may perhaps be unfouni}'
That a slight compre^sion of the surface of light tani'
hinds, will check both the rapid evaporation of moisiun'
and also that too free admission of air, which causes
manuies buried in such soils, lo become loo goon
pendcd, is allowed. From this we make the infei
thai rolling helps lo A-et;) (Ac. >noi.s<urc in. llul the
jpct in stirring the soil when it is already getting ti
too dry, is not, wo believe, to aid in retaining wlut lii
inoistiiro is already there in the top soil, hut to rendi
the soil a better absorbent ol tbe dews and vapors ofth
Olmosphcro. A wet soil gives out moisture toilietl
mosphere— but a zery dry one takes moisture from tb
atmos|ilM-rff. Thcreioru, when the soil is moist andyoi
fear that it may become dry, roll it and keep the moil
lure in. But if it is alreaily too dry, keep stirring it,
that it may take moisture more freely.

There are instances in which the wheel tracks ma
by a single passage of the carl over a field that hag i
ccntly been laid down, show two marked green slrif
for years. This is the effect of comprogsion and nn|«(
mere manure. — Ed.

CoRRECTio.v.— In Mr Clark's article in our papers*
the aoth ult , page 332, we made the author say iliat lbs
poverty of light lands is due to their poverty— (ii ynj
woicr, contains the essential aliment of I evident proposition, says the type sticker.) It should
"" ' have been, "is duo to their poroW/y." No one, wo pit.

suine, will suspect him who wrote with go much dst-
nitoness nnd good sense, of making such a sentence SI
we happened to print, and ogerloook in correclinf
"proof." The fault vras ours.

SCOURS IN CALVES.
Mr EniTOB— I noticed in your paper of Uie 13|k
April, a remedy for Scours in calves. A much mors
simple and sure ono, I believe, is Epsom salts. Whsn
a calf ig attacked, disselve two large tablo spoon.-fuU
in warm water, and administer fortliwiih. Diminish lbs
qunritily of milk for one or two meals, and the object ii
accomplished. If the disease hag made considerabis
progress before discovered, increase the qiiantily om
third and give Ihe .econd d.ay. I have never knowi
this.tolail ofcuring.eicepi when the calf was suffered
intake milk too freely directly sfrer taking the mcdicins
In this case, repeat it, and feed sparingly for one or two
days. Respectfully, yours, &c.

OTISBRIGHAM.
fVetthoTo', U^th April, 1842.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

CXUIBITIOK or rRt'lTS.

Saturday, .Ipiil 30, 1842.
Mr L. P. GroBvenor exhibited ssedling Apples, calM
Company— handsome, and juicy for the season.
For the Comniiltse,

B. V. FRENCH.

Tho favors of " B.'
place in our next.

and "A Farmer" ghall haves

rOI.. \X. NO. M.

AND II 0 K T I r IT I. T V II A L U F. G I S T E R .

3A1

"ir

rilKllMO.MKTdirAl.

Krl...(lr,lf<ir llir NfW F.iicIiiikI l«ni.<T.

ilir riipi iiiDiiirter ni ilio (Sanlriiar llic proiiriclnm
t^nitUnil Fiirnier, ttriKluon, MniiM, in n •hndoil
lei'tyf^xpoaure, fur ih«wcrk cntling Mny 1>

<l«y,
4i\ .

|6,A.M. I 12, M. |6,I>.M. | Winrf.

K.
K.
W.

N. W.
N. W.
N. VV.
S.

J 45

50

4C

» 49

45

44

7 -8

64

49

3 1 3r

64

44

» 42

5i

4J 1

lU 1 45

69

(6 1

1 1 41

C7

04 1

Kill ION M.VKKKT— M.>-<i.AT, Mny '->, I84v.>.
Kri'nrlFiirHrllip Now Rnelnnd Farmrr.
Market 240 Hfof Cnllle, 15 pairs Working oicn,
ns and CulviMi, 4M Sliei'p, Hn<l I53U ^)win•.
<.,!> — fletf Cnlllc A fuw clioiio raltlii si $6 25.
qii.ili(y, $5 75 a ti 00. Second quulily, $5 5U s
1 I.IkI qu.ilay, $4 75 n 5 'Jri.
firAi/ii' Oicn — Salrs 70, rC>. !)0, and $110.

in</ Ciilrts. Sales \S, 23, 25, 2^, and ;ji:J5.
rrp. — IjoIs were sold from 2 25, to *4 50.

— LoU lu pi'ddli: Iroiii 3 1-4 l'> 1 for sows, and
4 lo 5 l..r b.irrows. Lot tii close, 3 ond 3 1-2
lliig-i 3 and 4. Al relril, from 4 to (i.

WHOLESALE PKICES CURKENT.

Corrected uUh great care, imA.'y

EPS HerdsGrass, $1 75 to 3 00 |H-rliusliel K*d Top,
.^ cents. 1,'loTcr— Nnrlhcrn, II to lie. — Soutliern, 10
I III Seed, *1 6J lo I H5 l.u. Lucerne, 25 c.pcr lb.
Seed. S3 50 a 4 00 |><r bushel.

;.Xl.\. Corn. Yellow fla; 60 a &7 ; round do, fiS a

.•t biihhel ; while CO a 62c do do- Oais, Delaware an I

1 Kiv.-r,4S a oO

■„_.\.)tllicrn, bushel 70 to7l— do. Round Yellow C5

—.1.) Southern Flat Yellow 66 n 67 —While do. 6i>n 62
I,. J- _ a — — Ilye, Northern, — a — — do Southern,

.5— Oats, South---in, 45 a 43— Northern do. 43 to 50—

., |.vr bushel 75 a I 50.

OUU Sales ol Genesee have been mmle al 86 31 a
iM bbls Baltimore City Mills for export aiC^ST, 4
4> 0 bbls Georgetown.

tiiiuore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 86 12 a 6 26— do.
$j ^7 a — do. free of garlic, S6 12 a I'hila-

i':i .!•>. 4 mos. 46 12 a — — I'redericksbur?, lowlM 4

so 10 a Alexandria, wharf niountuin,— »:> o7 a

J.N.rReuiwn, *6 12 a li 23 — Rictimond Canal, S6 12 a
di. City, •? 00— I'ctersburgli, City Mills, »6 00 a 6 12
C'ouQlry S6 00 a Genesee, coinu4on, cash, S6 31 a

- do fancy brands 8c 30 a — — Ohio via Canal,
, India'i Meal in bbls , S3 ou a 3 2j'.

itVlSlOiNS Sales con-ist ol Mess licef, 89 a 0 1-4,
nail lots »9 1-2 per l.bl, 1" a 120;j do. prime do.. *1 30
r I. II ; 50 bbls. Sou kegs VVesletn Lard, 5 1-4 a 5 3-4u,

c per lb; SOii dp. d". by auction, 3 1-3 a 6 3 4c, 4 inos;
Ms .\lc»s Heef, ..rdinary *5 75 a 5 87 1-2 per bbl ; 20
I. Prime, 83 75 per bbl, cash ; 10 bbls clear I'ork,
l>er bbl, cash; 60 bbls clear Pork 9 1-2 a 9 1-4 per
II bl.ls W.;stem Lard, 4 3-lc per lb.
I- .Mess, 4 I lo. new bill, ia 00 a 9 30 — Navy— 8.S 00 a,

\o 1 , 87 23 1 7 50i-do. Prime $4 50 a 6 00- Pork —
c ear. 4 iiii.. bbl. 8i2 a — —do Clear 811 a —

Mf -s 8j 23 a 8 50 — do Prime 86 21- a 6 59— do Mess
ith-r StatejiS 25 a 3 60.

ij .. Iluty. The value whereof at the place of ex-
;iii. shall not exceed 6 els. per pound, free. All wtiere-
v:t le exceeds 8 els. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. vol, and

l"- P""

id.

f pulled and fleece continue to be made in mod-

quantilies, al present quo.aiioiis.

ir Saxony Kleec^-f, washed, lb. 47 a 50 c— Amer-

toll ilood b> 43 a 43— Do 3 4 do 33 a 40— Do. l-2do
l.'i -1-4 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sliccp,
1, .;o a 25-- Df>. unwashed, 10 a 13— ISengasi do
--axon} .rlean. — Buenos .\yres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
p- ked, 12 a 16— Sii|>erlinc .Vorihern pulled lamb 37
.\( . 1 do. do. do. 34 a 3C — No. 2 do (lo do 24 a 26-
do 'lodo IS a 20.

il'S Sales of 25 bales have liecninadeat 11 a 11 l-2c,
me small lots have been takt^n for export.

.i.rl Mass. H41 perlb It a II 1-a,

V, p>'r ton, 813 to 22— liaslern Screwed 813 10 18

l.KSt; -Shi^lping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New S to 8.

GS. 2 a 16.

DAHLIA PUI.ES.

SliPH BRECK & CO., ollcr for sale looo superior
a Po;es, with ibe bark pealed oti, in bunnl-s of nm, or
dozen. Boston, Hay 3, 1S42.

n.tiii.i AS.

Ko. sale at the AgMcullurul U arebon^e. No. .,2 .\„il
Market sireei, a larg- assortment ol Double Dahlias id ih
fine.i varieties. J( SKPll IIRKCK «t C>)

RoMon, -May 3. Iti42.

HRUIIiV4:iOlJ!l I«L,ANTB.

The present tune, is the most siiiluMe lor reiiiovini; Per-
einitftl plants. The subscribers will furnish 2it line specii-s
b>r 85, picked in moss, in nucli a manner that they can be
transported lo any dinlaiicu wiih saletv.

April 27 J-)Sfa;PH RRUCK 4i CO.

>VII.MS'S I.ATRST IMPROVEU SEED SIOWKK.

rir Uil, IM.irl.in-, 111,- |:,l„„ , Ui :, i„ , ,i n., ;,M|

bis seed is put iiihi (lie ^rnmnd, and ill i(,e s.uii.- nine
111 the best poa.-^ililc inauncr. There lias been a great
diffieiilly in marhiiies lor sowing garden seeds; ih.y
ar« very apt to rlog up, anri the farmer might go over an
aero ol land and not sow a single seed ; but not so with
this; it is so consirucied tli.u il cannot possibly clog.
In using this sower, the fanner f^un save one half of
his .seed, and do the work at less than one quarter Ibe
expense of the common way of sowing, and have it
done in a much better manner; il r.pons the fiirinw,
drops the seed, cover.s il over and rolls them down.
Il will sow any kind ofGarden Seeds; s,iy RiUa llagi,
Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips. (. nrrnts. Reels, Parsnips, On-
ions, ^-c For sain nt the New England AgrieiilMiral
Warehouse mid Seed Store, Kos. 5! and 52 Nort'i Mar-
ket slreel, by JOSKPII BRECK & CO.
April 20

^^^i

M ■ PROVED EASY DRAUGHT -PlOUGHv

Great uiqiiovcnHiils have been made the past vear in the
form and workmanship o( these Ploughs; the luould bi nrd
has been so formed as to An/ (V furrow rom/ilc.'c!]/ orcr
turning in ernnj parlide of grass iyrsluhble,anihcnvhT' llic
ground i,i tlw hat possible' manner. The length of the
mould board has bi n very much increasc.1, so. ihal the
Ploii-h works with the greatest case, both wiih respoci to
the holdmi; ami the learn. The Cominitlre at the late I mil
of Ploughs at Won-esler, say,

" Shoulil our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs
we shoii'd prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhapv saj lo
the inquirer, il your land is mostly light and easy to woik,
try Proiity & Me.irs, but if your /anrfi/AcaPv, A irJor.-oc/.i;

DF.G1N WJTIl Mn. Hnw»nD'3 '■ ■'

At Ihe above me-.t:oned inal the Howard Pl-ugh dirt
more work, reilh the same pmrer nf learn, than ami iillier
plough exhlbHeil. iVo other turned more than twentvse en
and one hall inches, lo the 112 lbs. drauibt, while i he
Howard Plough turned twcnti/nine and one half inAea la
the same power nf letini ! A 11 acknourledgE that.i4nward"s
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substaniinllt
made. "

There has 'een qniie an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side ol :liis Plough, which can be renewed wiiln.ui
having to fiirni>h a new landsile this shoe likewise serines
the mould board and landside together, and slrcnglhens the
Plough very much

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to 815. A Plon-'b,
soffieieni for breaking up with four callle. will cost about
8.0 oil, and with culler 8l,wilh wheel and cutter 82 50
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New Kngland Agricnliiirnl Wnrehoise and Seed Sl-'irc,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Alarket Street, bv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

h'HI'ir. <>H.\AMI>;N'|-.\I< TIIKKK Ac.
KunsiiiT or wii.i.itN ekkricr,

or I'rarU. Pear. Plum ond Chrrry Trem,

a cfdleeiifMi uiirivnlled in any foriiMT )eiir, lor cx-

lensiv- iiuinbera of fine trei'n, of n'".v an. I llnni

kinds. Large addiiinni nf new. vnliiahir, or

beautiful, are junl reeeivcd Ironi Kuro|H'.

Oookeberries of firsi quality, Applen, Uainc-'s. firap*

Vinea, Raspberries. Cu-reius, Sirawberrien, 4te The nr»

abridged and descriptive Catalogue for I8«, will U srol Is

all who apply.

Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Huneynuckiea, jtr. Splen-
did vnrieliea of doul-le yellow Harrison and olher Roues—
nf Tree Pironies, of lleibareous l*(ronie», nnd olher flower-
i ing Plants- of double Dahlias, «ic., Rhubarb of firal rata
I newest kinds, Co. Lspur, Thorns, Stc.

! All orders addies^ed to the subscriber, will be promptly

I aii.nded lo, and Trees win n so ordered, will |e seenrrljr

I packed in mats nnd moss lor snfo transport lo all dislinl

places hy land or sea, and delivered in the city free ofcbarsr,

lor Iranspoclalion by the waeon which is sent Ihiilicr daily,

or orders may be lell ot the stand, at No ■)! (Jnngress sirerl,

Boston WILLIAM KKNRICK

Nonanium Hill, Newton.

MarchS.- rptl2thjune

GARDRN AND FII£I.,D SKED8.

JOSKPII BRICCK & CO. have received their full supply
o( (iarilen and I'li-l.l Seeds, which they uorrar.l lobe pur«
and Iresh, as (ollnws :

I F.arly Horn do.

I Mangel Wurlzel Beet.

PEAK A WD PM'M KTOCkR-

Por sale by SAMUI:L POND, Cambridgeport. Alsr
Asparagus routs. April 20.

Knr'y Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick <lo.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame (lo.
Blue Imperial do.
^larrowtat. fee.
White Aliriiighnm Carrol
Long Orange do.

Sugar do.
I l.orig Red do.

Early Turnip do.
I Ruta Baga.

I Turnips in great variety.
Early and Late Beans of
korls.

SKRD BAIU'Ii-V, AND OATS.

. For sale at No. 32 North Murkcl St., a prime lot of S-ed
Barley. Also gtiglish-Oats. . J. BKECK & CO.

Boston, April 6.

APPLB STOCKS.

A»3t The subscribers olfer for sale 10,000 fine Appl«
j^^i Slocks two years old.

^^ JOSKPll BRF.CIC Si- CO. No. 61 North Market
^^^^ St. Boston. Aprils.

Kit U IT TRKES.

A prime lot of large size AppI-, P< ar, and Plum trees, for
ale by J. BHKCK & CO., No 62 North Market st.
March 30 18)2.

UIIASS SBRDS.

Noilhem and Ronlh<}Tii.(>;iover Seed— Wliite Dutch do.
—Lucerne— Herd- iir->-^--i^li-J Top-Orcli ir.i Grass— Fowl
Meadow Grass— Oat Grass, &,c. Millel, Rape, ('unary and
Hemp Seed. Everyk variety of .seed (or A = ricullural or
Horlicului.-al purposeaC niay be obtained al the Agricultural
Eslablislimcnc, No ait,.North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

FUi;iT TREKS.

For sale at the Pomi^gical Garden. Salem, Mass., a
choice CO lection of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, nnd Peach
Trees Also, a great varjety of Scions cut from Iruil hear-
ing Trees. Apply by mqil lu the Superinteinlnnt.

ROBKRT MANNING.

Salem, April 6, 1S42. 3w

nn;cK MAnruAL..

Forsaleby JOSEPH BRF.CK & CO., The Muck Man-
ual for Farmers. By Or S. L. Dasa; price 81.
Boston, April 13.

CAMBUIDGEPORT KURSKRY.

SAMUEL PO.ND, Nur.seryman, Columhfa
street, Cambridge|K)rl, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assoriment ol FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, ROOTS, and VINES,
among ihem are the best varieties of Apple,
Pear. I lum. Cherry, Peach. Apricot, Grapevines. Asparagus,
Rhubarb. I'ear stocks, Apple do.. Plum do , Currants, Goosa-
berrie-i, Raspberries, ic. Trees of an extra size always od
haul. March 23.

APPLR SOIO.VS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of Ihe fo lowing kinds, Baldwin, Greening, River, Porlcr,
None.-iK-h, Peatmnin, Sweelinss, &e v^c. Also, a few of
Ihe rlinice kinds n( Pears and Plum,. Orders left at J.
KRKI'IC & Co., or at the counting room of the subscriber,
83 Washington si., Boston, or sent by mail, to Brighion, will
be p omplly attended lo. J \ME.-j L- L F. WARREN.

April 6.

352

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

iMAY 4, ISia.

MISCELLANEOUS

i tations to wanJer, and may always liaEtcn to re- 1
■ — I turn to it. Let her train licr children so that tliey

agric«l.tx;r.41. implements, &.C

The Proprietors of ilie New England Agriculiural VVa
I , , .,,,.<., , . 1 house and Seed Store No. 61 and 52 Norlli Warlicl sin

TUP nnciTinW nv THP WtPP '"'^y '"^ ""^ '"■"'° °^ ""-'"■ '^^'^'"'' "" ' """y w,.uM intorm their customers and the public generally f

J llfi 1 UftlllU.N ur incy >viri:i. 1 love to on ii tliein, and be not asliamcd to show they l.ave on hand the most extensive assorlmeni of Aj

There i« soinethiii, enigmatical in the relative i ^^em aa the jewels of hi. country. Lot her always -U-' -"^^-Xi^ari i^.etlLln'^g ■"""'' '" ""^ '''"
position of the wife, and yet the lines ot ottice aim Ujanj joady to receive him with complacency after. ^

duty are distinctly drawn in nature. It perhaps, | |,jg conflicts wiili the world, when his brow is knit, '"'"Von pbu^hs!"'^"'
may be said with truth, that she is the equal of her , ^^j^j^ c^re, wiien his lieart has been rudely convulsed i 300 Common°do. do.

by contact with treachery, dishonesty, or abuse, , 2ui) Culuvatoi^. _

•" , , . /I , •' , 100 (■reenc's Straw l/Utters.

and his passions arc struing for mastery; then 50 Willis' do. do.
from ht^r still and quiet retreat, fiom her commu
nion with the innocent spirits of her nursery, from

husband in nothing. In all things, she i.< citlicr
his superii>r or inferior. In physical Etrciyilh, in-
ferior ; in symmetry and beauty, superior. In in-
tellect, she has more imagiiintiun, vivacity, and
brilliancy ; less power of reasoning and acutcness | ^^^j. closet of prayer, which opens to heaven, let her

in argiiuioiit. In moral sensibility she is greatly
the superior; in power of persuasion, if not argu- j
meni, she holds a controling influence. Slie can
most readily find the way to the heart and easily
subdues it. But when she leaves the moral and
gcnile means of exercising control, and assumes
to command, she must always ex|»e«l to find a mas-
ter. By courtesy, every thing she asks will bo
granted, her wants will be anticipated. But when
■he as.-;uines to be a man, or to lake the place of
a man, she transcends her sphere, ami resembles a
star thrown from its orbit, its laws of motion sub-
verted, and its position doubtful.. Let her, in the
retired position assigned her by the Gospel; be sat-
isfied with her legitimate nnd proper influence, and
Bhe may appear the superior in everything praise-
worthy, without exciting jealousy, and without dis-
pute.

"The man is the head of the woman," nnd she
is required to be "in subjection to her husband,"
and ytt she rules him. " Submission" is unques-
lionahly her duly, where he chooses to command,
and he has power to enforce it. Yet from her very
weakness, from her purity and tenderness, from her
great freedom from the causes of irritation, he
learns to respect her decisions in morals and reli-
gion, and his conscience comes in aid of the in-
fluence she seeks to exert over him. He rules as
her natural lord ; she influences him ng an angel
of light and love. He may, in the pride of his
heart, hate the Gospel, and despise the cause of
the poor, but ho will go to church with her, and
freely put his hand in liis pocket to supply her
charities.

She is the weaker vessel, and yet she ie strong-
est. He may rage in giant strenglh, against the
objects of his hatred, and yet let her interpose,
and she holds his arm nerveless, like the arm of a
child. While she is gentle, kind, aficctioiiale, de-
voted, true, the mother of his children and their
guardian angel, she holds him by a silken cord,
which is stronger than a cable, stronger than the
chains of the slave, because it entwines his heart,
it binds the aflcctions, which are the seat and mo-
tive power of the will. While, therefore, in the
pride of his power, lie opposes force by force,
toward her he is all kindness and condescention.
But let her assume the tone of a dictator, and of
masculine command ; let her prate of " woman's
rights," and write a code of laws to define them
anywhere Imt in the heart, the common law of the
Boul, and she appears shorn of her locks, which
■re "her ornaments;" she abjures her woman-
hood, she hag cut out her breast to rest the javelin
there, she afiects the man, and must contend with
men.

No — the proper sphere of woman is home. Her
great otlice in the social system is to make that
home a happy one to her husband, that his affec-
tions may centre there — that he may have no temp-

meet him like a ministering angel, and he will lie
at her feet lilse a tamed lion ; he will imbibe from
hor something of her own spirit, and his spirit will
be chastened under such a ministry.

Here lies the great strength of the wife : here
is her high, honorable and honored sphere of ac-
tion— where men are made, moulded, controlled —
not whero they contend, and cherish the angry
passions. Does she seek for honor ? It lies in
the honor she renders to her husband, "calling
him lord ;" in her children, educated, and led to
paths of usefulness and heaven ; in the domestic
arrangenieiils, the admiration of all. Docs she
seek for happiness ? Where can she find it but in
a peaceful home? The wife was appointed to
make a home for man, to form a centre for his af-
fections, and bind tliein llicro ; to act constantly as
oil upon the troubled waters of life.

I lately saw a scene for a painter, exemplifying
most clearly the position of the wife. Two men
had become violently enraged, and sought each
other with deadly weapons. I trembled for the
issue. But as they came near, their arms fell pow.
erless, and their voices of anger softened. I press-
ed through the crowu, and saw a female figure,
like the presence-angel, standing between them.
She was the wife of tlic one and the sister of the
other, ijhe spake nut — but she had power. She
led her husband home, and in the morning he went
with a brother's heart and sought a reconciliaton.
— The Patriarch.

lOiP Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
r,o ("ommon do do.
2u0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
51) " Vegelalile Cutlers
DO Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
1 no Ox Vokes.
1500 Doz- Scjthe Slones.
3000 ' Austin's KiRes.
March 17.

100 doz- Casi Sleel Shove
lOU " Common do.
Spades,
Grass Scythes.
Patent Snaiihs.
Common dv.
Hay Rakes.
Garden do.
Manure Forks.
Hay do.
600 Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.
100 Draft do.
600 Tie up do.
DO doz. Halter do.
1000 yards Kcnce do.
25 Grind Stones on roHat,

100
500
300
200
6U0
200
200
300

(I

SBBDS FOR HOT BKDS.

The man whose word can always be depended
1, is always sure to be honored.

«Rl. ILJi'S PATKNT STRAW Ct'lTER.

JOSIiPH BRECK & CO. at IheNcw England A^hchI
lural Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. Dl andf.2Norih Mar.
kel Slrccl, have lor sale, Green's Pntcnl Straw, Hay and
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle nol t.eli««
applied to any implemenl for lliis purpose. The most prom
inenl eflecls of this application, and some of the conscqucm
nrcnlinritics of the machine are:

1. So sreal a reduction of llic quantum of power requisiw
to use it, thai llic strenglh of a half grown hoy is sulhciriil
to work it etlicienlly.

2. With even this moderate power, 11 easily cuts two huslv
els a minule, which is full twice as fast as has been clairenil
liy any oihcc machine even when worked by horse or sleaui
power. , • , ,

3. The knives, owing 10 the peculiar manner in which tli »y
cut, require sharpening less ofien than those ot any ollwr

alter.

The subscril*rs offer for sale a great variety of Vegt
ble Seeds desirable for the Hot bed, as follows.
Early Cauliflower.

" Broccoli, of sorts.
Celery, superior sorts.

NiMiparicl Cabbage.

Early Hope do.

Karly Synol's Cucumber.

Sweet Marjorum.

Long Green do
Eii Plant.

Fnrsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New B*'
land Agricultural Warehouse, No SI and 62 North Mati 1
Street, Boston. March I

FLOAVBR SEBDS.

JOSEPH RRECK & CO., Nor. 61 nnd 62 Norlli 1(
1,01 sireel, offer for sale iheir usual variety of Flower Sw
comprising all that are desirable for eullivalion.

Boston, March 9lh, l8-;2.

FOR SALE,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, fr' m 9
months oU. E. PHl.N.MiY

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TYF. rP CHAINS.

Just received by 500 Chains for lyeing up Cattle

These chains, inlroducetl by E. H. Derby, Esq .j

and Col. Jacqi-es, for the purpose of securing i;iii

stall, are found te he the safest and most eonvenic:

of fastening cows and oxen 10 the stanchion.

1"

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 •' Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale hy J. BRECK tC
No. 62 North Market si.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, sail
for Fences or oiher purposes. For snjebyj. BRECI
CO., No. 62 North Market 81. Aprils

SITUATION -WANTED

AS GARDNl'.R— by one that has served a
prenticcship in Europe, and has had seven years'
in this country. The best of reference given.

cxpcrif
AiUlren
March «

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Dial
very neat and useful article for the purpose of givni; ilie I
of day in the garden or field. Price 76 cents. I 1 r i,ali
J. BRECK fr CO., No 61 and 62 North Market .•<!

"T.Vhe machine is simple in its conslruclion. made and pw , "pense to subscribes,
logether very strongly. Il is therefore nol so liable as ibe

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKKLT FAPKR.

Terms, $2 per year in orfeoiiM, or;jJ . ' H nolf
within thirty dayj.

N. U. — Postmastors are permitted by law to funk
mibscriptions and reinitluncts for newspapers, wilfc

logetner very sirongiy. 11 •» luini"": ">•' ■>" ■■■.".>■ »• •-»
complicated uiaehiucs in general use u. gel out ol order. |

T«TTUt AKD DlinrKTT, rBlKTKRS.

A N D HO R T I (' U L T U R A I. REGISTER.

PUnUSHKD BY JOSKPH BRECK * CO., NO. M NOUTll MAli-KKV STllLKT, (Ao«ioOLTUiiAt Wab«iiou«k.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOH.

JI..XT.]

BOSTON, WRDNKSDAV EVKNING, MAY 11, 1848.

tRO. 40.

N. E. FARMER.

For (he N. E. Firmer.

"SPARE THE BIRDS."
Mr PL'T:eAM — I rend willi some ^ratirication tlio
narks of your cnrrcspoiulcnt " Snipe," under tlic
ovo caption, in your last number. 1 boDor his
manity — so much of that virtue as lie maMifeets ;
t I regretted to perceive his apparently implied
roval of the practice of shooting^ birds for sport.

is justly opposed to what he denominates pooc/i-
r, while he seems to favor the custom of bird-
'•"? ^7 "sportsmen," as a genteel recreation,
)vided it be practiced in consonance with the
luircments of the law. He thinks it justifiable,
infer frooi the tenor of his remarks,) for "sports-
!n and others" to proceed or\ a bird-shooting e.\-

ion io the fall, '' to recruit their health after a
Timer's work in town." If I correctly understand

opinions as above expressed, I enter my pro-
it against them. Permitted though it bo by
and sustained aa it is by fashion, I regard

bird-killing sport as criminally inhuman — "a
"faarous relic of a barbarous age" — and I regret
lee it has an advocate in your correspondent
nipe." ft is associati-d in my mind with whal-
er is most repulsive to a benevolent heart. In

code of morals, (he destroying of any of Gcd's
iffending creatures for mere pastime, is a crtine,
justification of which there is not a tenable cir-
mstancc ; and ihoie who are guilty of it, " gen-
men" though they be,^ and tacitly countenanced
■ugh they tiai/ be by human law, are not a whit
re deserving of favor or respect than the poach-
• depredator, upon whom "Snipe" pours out a
1 of his wrath.

•ffho are these "sportsmen and others," Mr Edi-
— these delicate "gentlemen" whose health is
seriously affected by a summer's residence in
ffn, that they need a bird-slaughtering excursion
the fall to "recruit" it.' I'll tell you, sir,
o they arc. A large portion of them are those
o have spent the summer in tlie inglorious occu-
ion of genteel lonftriam ; — gentlemen " flats,"
ttlenun fops, (synonymous,) gentlemen drones,
i//fmen rakes, and gentlemen "blacklegs," — (all
lorrtbU gentlemen — in their own opinion,) — whose
e to " respectability " is conferred by the inge-
ily of the tailor — and whose hearts ore as des-
jte of bcnovolent susceptibilities as their heads
! of brains. Such poor specimens of humanity,
which our city furnishes a host, form no incon-
erable portion of that very useful class in the
Timunity genteelly dubbed "spottamen" — those

//tmtii-iuvalids, who resort to the refined and
inly diversion of bird-killing to " recruit their
allh" — which, by the way, is impaired not so often,
.Snipe" says, by a summer's work in town, as
is by a summer spent in no work and much dis-
latioii. A truly noble pretext this for the grati-
Qtion of their inhuman, Draco-like dispositions.
;onfess, Mr Editor, I feci indignant at the bare
m of sacrificing the lives of birds for this ignoble
rpose. " Recruit their health " forsooth ! — Why,

Mr "Snipe," I can suggest to these ailing "sports-
men'' a more luudablo and judicious method of
recruiting their health, than by making a pastime
of bird. killing. Let them lease themselves out
on any terms to some hard-working farmer, as
trood choppers, aiul ply that honest business for a
few weeks in the fall. This would be emphatically
nn innocent species of recreation — and llmugh it
may seem too near akin to work to suit their ideas
of " gentility," there can bo no question as to its
efficacy OS a health-rcslorer.

I am somewhat surprised, Mr Editor, that this
worse than brutal practice of killing birds for sport,
or under the trivial and unworthy plea of improv-
ing health, should, in this age of benevolent move-
ments, be tolerated by fashion; but much more am
I astonished that it should find an advocate or apol-
ogist in any one who wears the form and has the
heart of a man, and whose breast may be supposed
to be warmed by o spark of that humanity which
goes so far to ennoble the human character, and
which is enjoined by the benevolent precepts of
holy writ ; — and I rejoice in the thought, sir, that
the time is not very distant, when neither the " gen-
tleman" .sportsman nor the lawless " poacher," as
such, will meet with any favor from public opinion
or any protection from law. Both, if not equnllu
undeserving the respect and sympathy of men, are,
in my op'inioi), cjtially critninnl in the sight of Him,

" Who sees with equal nye, as God ofall,
A hcru periiili or a sparrow fall."

J. 11. D.
Boston, May G, JS42.

P. S. — I deem it proper to add, that so much of
the above as refers particulary to "Snipe," may
have been written from a false presumption of his
opinions : if so, (and it is not improbable,) I would
certainly make the amende honorable.

For the N. E. Fanner.

THE FARMER'S PROSPECT.
It is very well known that those things which
the farmer has to spare for the market, are, gene-
rally, very low. Many are scarce. Often do I
hear my brother farmers ask, IJow are tee going to
live in these hitrd limes.' It is true there is cause
for alarm. Something must be done. There must
be a change in the management of some things, or

** A** sure as m:in 's to trouble born,
Slrniglit through tlie small end ol tlin horn,
^jouio iniitil be sqiiftezej at last."
Many of the merchants and mechanics have late-
ly and une.vpcctedly lnwercd their colors ; and the
agriculturists must soon follow their example, un-
less a different course be adopted and pursued.
Although, brethren, you liave reason to startle
and to csk, "What shall we do?" Yet, your case
is not desperate. There is a remedy, and it is
within the reach ofall. I say, hold by, there is no
need of a single failure. Though the farmers ac-
cumulate property slowly, and earn their bread by
the sweat of the brow, yet, thero is no class of pen-
pie so independent. The right sort hav« placed
their feet upon a rock, and they cannot be moved.

If a part oftlio community iiiike use of a bankrupt
late, and pay their creditors five, ten, Sic. cents on
a dollar, let us make use of a law that will do jus-
tice, and pay the uttermost farthing. I detest such
a way of paying debts.

Brethren, 1 have said something about a remtdy
against these evil=. I am willing to give you >
recipe gratuitously. It is an old-fashioned one,
but none the less effective fur that. It is composed
of industry and frugality — of each a like quantity.
Mix them well together : taken often and freely.
This has invariably proved n sovereign preventive
against insolrcncy and beggarism, and will remove
thcEO calamities if properly administered. Me-
tliinks I hear some of you say, arc you going to
accuse us of being indolent and extravagant? 1
must be plain with you. We arc oil, more or less,
guilty^somc arc extremely so. Have not you
j seen, not only A., but B. and C. lounging at the
j stores and shops, when their circum.«tanc?s required
that they should be at home, and at work ? Have
not you seen these men riding from place to placo,
spending hours and days without any jiarlicular
business ? .\y '. have not you seen them hunting
and fishing often ? And when they do attend to
their agricultural concerns, they must hire lo do
work they might have done themselves, and saved
this expense. At first thought, these movements
may appear to he trilling, but you may rely upon it,
they arc ihe-dircct a'cnues to poverty and wretch-
edness.

As to iTttftvnganie v-c farmers must generally
plead guilly.'ss.Hcii: i might enter into detail and
write at great length. But I shall only touch on
one or two brandies of extravagance, which mutt
serve, as a sample for the whole. It is astonishing
how people are governed by the tyrant fashion.
They don't so often consult their o6i7i7i/ as their
pride. Those in low circumstances must live,
dress and "show out" in as great style as those
who are actually wealthy. Here is the rock on
which many of u.i will split, in ihese hard and un-
comiDou times. Whole families must dress in ban
ton. Both sexes imist have a watch, and they
must have it where some part of it can be seen.
If the young folks cannot pay (and they do n't often,)
fur these fine things, they have them charged to
father. Oh I this having things charged lo father,
is a bad practice. And if you do n't see to it, and
have it diflercnt, in many respects, you are gone '
gone forevir ! .' A F.\ R M ER.

ffestboro', April 20, 1842.

Dr. Lewis Feuchtwnnger, of Now York, commu-
nicates the following to the editors of the .\merican
Agriculturist, and says the fluid has proved very
successful in the experiments made by him :

" Take diluted pyroligneous acid, 1 gallon ;
white oak bark, I lb.; urine, half gallon; garlic,
half pound. After soaking the oak bark and garlic
for two days in the acid and urine, strain them ofl,
and sprinkle once a week or oflencr, the trees in-
fested with insects, or the pea, cabbage, &c., and
they will be preserved for the season."

S54

}; EW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAT II, 184

ASPARAOUS.
This is a very delicious esculent \rpetal.lc, and
easily cullivntod, niter Hie first overAlion of prewar-
ini' the gioniid. U rf^uires some of the ticepest
soil in the RBrden ; a rich, sandy loan\ 19 the best.
The t-roiind slioiild be trenched cr spaded up, and
a plenty of roUen manure wo'ii mixed into tJie soil
to the depth of one fool and a half. Then mark
out vour beds six feel wide, forminjj t»o feet al-
leys'around them, by throwing up 8i.\ inches top
coil on the beda. Next use the rake and hoe, till
the ground is well pulverized and made level and
•mooth. Then mark out your drills one foot apart
»nd two inches deep. Soak the seed mclve hours
in warm water; drop it about one inch opart in
the row ; rake it in, and press the soil over the
seed with a board or garden roller. When the
young plants are up, hoe them carefully, and keep
them clear of weeda through the season. Alfr
the second hoeing, pull out the weakest plants,
leaving them about four inches apart.

A bed of asparagus, well managed, will produce
bada fit for cutting the third spring after Bowin?.
The buds should be cut one inch or more below
Ihs surface of the ground. The cutting may be
continued until the first of July ; then let it grow
up, but hoe it frequently till it covers the ground.
Spring Dressing. — As soon aa the ground is
dry, so as to work light, separate the stalks from
the ground with a hoe, cutting them oflT beneath
the surface, and loosen the surface of the ground
all over the beds. Some dry straw, litter or fine
lirush-may be added to these stalks when diy, and
the whole burnt together on the ground. 'Ihis
will promote the growth of the asparagus, and de-
stroy many insects' eggs, seeds of weeds, &.C. The
ground should then he covered one inch thick or
more with rotten manure or compost, well incorpo-
rated with the soil above the roots ; then rake the
beds smooth and level. An application of swamp
earth, salt or brine, spread on the beds, has been
found to promote the growth of asparagus.

Though this vegetable grows naturally in a poor,
sandy soil, yet the; gw^etntss and tenderness of the
buds depend r.uch onHhe rapidity of their growth,
which is greatly promoted by richness of soil and
good attendance. Beds of asparagus may be
formed by preparing the ground, as before stated,
and transplanting the root of two or three years'
growth, setting them with the crown upwards, four
inches below the surface.

A good bed of asparagus, if well attended to,
will flourish many years: ours occupies one eighth
of an acre of land, the greater part of which has
been planted more than forty years, and is now as
good RB ever. — Jlmer. ^gricul.

with thesi precautions, dig your hole in the fonii tands for ty'"K l^e fodder in smn// sheaves ;

of a circle of from ten to fifteen feet in diameter, being bound, the sheaves are set up in small -

nd of the depth of two feet, throwing the best | of about one- dozen sheaves each, and cap]

earth on one side, and the poor earth on the other
side of the circle — and when the hole is thus dug,
fill up again with good earth, belter than has been
removed, to within ten or twelve inches of the sur-
face; the tree is then placed in the centre of the
circle, with its roots spread in different directions,
which of course should he all horizontal ; then pro-
ceed to cover them over with earth, and when the
roots are well covered, then comii.eiice treading in
the earth and continue it until they are sufBcienlly
buried, and the earth is about as firm about them
as it was before their removal. The poor earth
can then be removed to some useless place.

Now the planter can tnke a survey of his tree.
If any limb is marred, or two should happen to rub
each other, or they grow too near the surface, then
with a fine saw they can be removed, ond the
stumps covered with the grafting salve. If the
tree be small, it needs no slaking ; but on tho con-
trary, if the tree be large, of a full or high top,
then it should be staked to prevent the wind start-
ing the roots ; this is done by driving down two
stakes, one on one side and the other on the oppo-
site side of tlifi circle, so that they shall be very
firm in the earth, and now secure a cross pole from
one stake to the other, ond then finally to the tree,
and about two or three feet from the ground. The
body of the tree should be previously wound with
matting, to prevent the cross pole from injuring
the bark of or body. And as the planting of a
tree is for the benefit of future generations, as well
as our own, a little extra trouble should he consid-
ered of no account — espcci;illy when wc derive
such cheering advantages over the common prac-
tice of setting a strait beanpole in a rat hole, un-
der the name of planting trees for ornament.

Veritas.

placing one sheaf on the lop as a crown, to bH
the shock from rain. In this state it remaineii,
til perfectly cured, when it was carted off
stacked up ia a convenient place for feeding^l

E.r

p. S. With respect to the proper time of J
ing, I would suggest that ihe usual time of
ing corn is the most fit season where the ei|
to be used as dry fodder.

Dultimore Co.,,']prUi\sl, 1842.

[Where the object is either for soiling or I
we think that four bushels of seed to the ac
on good, well manured ground, would not
much. — Ed. Jim- Far.]

From the American Farmer.

SETTING TREES.
A correspondent of the Taunton Whig says: —
Ab I have endeavored to «how the folly of top-
ping trees, it becomes almost imperious that I now
give the best mode of preparing and setting them.
The best mode, according to my observalion, I
freely give. I am not vain enough to suppose,
neither do I wish it so understood, that there can
bo no better than I of?cr. I trust there is.

In planting trees for ornament or utility, the
health of the tree as well as its form is to be at-
tended to — the roots should bo well preserved, as
few cut and marred as the circumstance of the re-
moval will allow. And when the tree is taken up

SOWING CORN BROADCAST.

In the Farmer tf April 20lh, I observe aver the
signature of "Ledyard," some inquiries in relation
to sowing corn broadcast, and the best method of
securing the crop.

Having tried Ihe experiment last year, I offer a
few suggestions as the result of my experience.
I sowed a few acres with a view of plowing it in
as a green crop for the benefit of tho soil, but was
tempted by its luxuriant appearance and a scarcity
of other provender, to make use of it for that pur-
pose. The quantity of seed sown was about two
bushels per acre. Perhaps in a very rich soil, the
use of a smaller quantity of seed might be attended
with the objections nnmed in the remarks which
follow the inquiries of your correspondent, viz :
" the tendency of weeds to check its growth."

After Ihe ground is well harrowed and sown, I
would recommend your correspondent to moke use
of the cultivator to cover the seed — which by the
way I have found an excellent improvement for
covering seed wheat. Tho ground should then be
rolled smooth, which is all thst is required to be
done until the time of harvesting arrives. My crop
was cut just at the time the grain began to harden,
— and the lower leaves of the stalk were becoming
shrivelled. Tho fodder was suffered to lay on the
ground for a day or two, until the stalks had be-
come sufficiently wilted, to bo made use of as

From Ihe Maine Farmer.

CAUSE OF PHYSICAL DEGENER
Mr Holmes — The question was asked
Farmer a long time since, " What are the
of the deterioration of the human race for th«
fifty years in America?" I have never seen i
swered to my entire satisfaction. Undoubl
number of things have, or might have had |
ing on the subject, but if animal life com
the effect of stimuli operating on what
stimulated, then it seems that an exact pro|
of stimuli to excitement, excitability, or whi
be stimulated, would i»e perfect health, (if
thing ever was.) I know that too much st
ng food ond drink, if the above principla
sound, would produce just what we sec has b
place. Our diet has heen too much aiiimall
and particularly that which is oily. Destroy
gestion in any animal and you belittle him.
use of tea and coffee in the room of milk, tl4
several kinds of mixtures that u^ed to be 1
from milk, is another cause. Provoking thai
lite by the modern art of cooking with too jn
variety, to eat too much, is another cniisc.
have before said, destroy digestion, and yoti be
any race. Hard grain given to young coin
done it, and produced lasting disease through
Very high keep in pigs and a confined lifl^
and has done it in that race. Rum will d*
the growth of a puppy — and the deletcriooi «l
of ardent spirits upon the human syetem, are,i
too plainly apparent. I will also mention I
of exercise in the open air, among the c»U«
degeneracy. This is best obtained by achuilU

In order to renew our race, let us return I*
diet, exercise and habits of our forefalheri of
Revolution.

I do not pretend that I have done the tut
justice. I merely submit the above as a few, •
I call, common sente thoughts.

J\'ot a Physician, fc
^n Old Fashioned Farmtr.

The discovery of Dr. Priestly, that plants ib
carbonic acid gas, (deleterious to animal life,)
after assimilating the carbon to their own hd
exhale from tho leaves the oxygen with whici
carbon was combined, proves to us how nete*
to each other's existence plants and aniinili
and gives us an impressive idea of tho WM
which thus binds the several parts and syttew
the universe as it were, so intimately, that*
link of the chain can well be dispensed witJi>

A li V ii v'

•^'-f^TlCULTUHAL REGISTER,

^6S

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,
la meeting of the Socicly holdon April 30th —
id, Tliat Iho fiillowinj letter be publiilied in

Eii);Iand Farmer.
journcU to iSitiirtJay, May l-tili, at 1 1 o'clock.
EBKN WIGUT, Jiec. Sic'rt/.

[cOPT.]

Routn, (fVavce.) Dec. 20M, 1841.
E. VosE. rreaidoiit of tJio M. II. S. :
— I havo received tlia loiter nhicli you did

honor to address to me the 22d August,
irliicli was delivered to me by Mr Uosson.
h«ve also received a letter from Mr RobL
iiie, Corresponding Secretary, advising mo
had been elected an honorary member of
ociety, and at the same time enclosing my
a. I assure you tliat I highly appreciate the
vhich has been conferred upon nic, and I
u to accept my grateful acknowlcdgemenla
same, and also to present them to the Soci-

which I now feel it an honor to belong.
eve me, sir, I shall always be happy of oc-
to do whatever may be in my power to ren-
: communications more and more agreeable.
TO noticed by the Report of iho transactions

honorable Society for the years 1837 and
rhich you had the goodness to send me, how
ou have been occupied with horticulture
^ extent of your eflbrls to hasten its progress.
ire, gentlemen, in this course, and the whole
rill t)>*e to you its benedictions ; for we do
'Or for tho benefit of a single nation, but for
td in general. Every people now iinder-
hal the well-being of one is reflected upon
Distance may separate men, but the same
90t unites and guides their efToris — the fe-
nd happiness of a'l. I have read with much
t the remarks of Air J. L. Russell on this
, for which, as also tho numbers of the N. E.
, which you were good enough to send me,
ou to accept my thanks. I shall at all
eel gratified for the receipt of similar publi-

sliould he be with you, it would be still lBtcr,'w)iich
delrrmined mo to write you njain.

I beg you to accept the assurances of ii>y most
distinguished consideration.

I am your obcd't and very hiimlilu scrv't,

TO U CARD.

Honorary mcmbrrii/'lhe Tltirlicullural Stirlelij of nosinn,

of Paris, nf l.itgr, of .'Intwrri,, i,-c. S,( , of ihr Free

.•iueiely of Emululion of the Department of the iMtcet

Stine, mtiutir »f tK* A'ormaridt Jisaocialion Roueri,

For Ihe N. E. Funner.

them occorou.J '° <l'reclions, and appl.rd the com-
position to keep out i..? ""■ »"'' wnter, and puD
some of the composition on Iho ends of the scions,,
to keep thcni from drying up, I have seldom known
one to fail.

Very respectfully,

ALLEN COFFIN.
Etlgartown, Jlpril 2fi, 1842.

From iliii Fuiiiiir's Joiiriiul.

THE SQUASII-VINE DESTROYER— FRUIT
TREES, &.C.

.Ai.i.E.N PirT.N*M, Esq. — Dear Sir — In answer to
my inquiries, I was pleased to see in your excellent
paper of Feb. l(i, IH-l-J, a very particular descrip-
tion of the squash-vine destroyer, by T. VV. Harris,
Esq. When we learn the particular habits of de-
structive insects, we may have some hope of coun-
teracting their ravages.

This season I think I shall take about four shin-
gles to each hill of squashes, and cover them well
with eoul tar., By laying the shingles around the
hills, I hope the strong odor arising therefrom may
prevent the moths from laying their eggs on the
vines ; if so, by continuing the practice a few
years, they may possibly take their departure for-
ever.

As sea-water is thought to be destructive to the
grub (or maggot) ut the roots of cabbages, I think
I shall try it this season.

From my earliest recollections, it has been said,
"it is impossible to raise good fruit in this village,
because there is so much salt in the atmosphere."
We are surrounded with the sea. After a gale of

re had the honor of presenting you as an

sly
u will accept the appointment, and that it

the means of drawing closer the ties by
Dor two Societies are now connected. I

herewith your diploma,
.•e sent you some of my catalogues, from

beg you to select, should there be any
osired by your Society. It will give me
e to receive a list of the plants of your coun-
nerican seeds and plants of open culture.)

you desire seeds from here, be good enough
le know it, and they shall be forwarded,
he present parcel is somewhat voluminous,
^ent it through the medium of your legation
but you can forward letters to me by the
packets, to my address, (" Mons. Tougard,

nt de la Sociele d'horticulture a Rouen me

wind, the grass, leaves, &.c. taste very s.i!t. I

think it is ten years this spring since I concluded

to see if it was possible to raise good fruit. 1

bought a few apple, cherry, plum, quince and pear

trees. 'J'here was a man here who professed much

skill in selling out trees : I employed him. Soon

he had all but one apple tree set out. On that one

I thought I would try an experiment. I dug a hole

.««„(,<,, «r „.., o -;». k IK ; three feet deep and ten feet in diameter. I had

member ot our Society, by which you .. ■ , , , ., , , ,,,,„,,

, , . , r. a ■ ,^ the subsoil red earth removed, and the ho e fied

unanimously elected. It flatters itself ■,, , . ., , ,, '"""="""=""<="

with sods, rich earth, die., till within nine inches of

ihe top of llie ground. I then placed tlie tree in
the hole, carefully extending every root and fibre,
and filled all the vacant places under the roots. I
then drew in the earth until the tree was as deep
in the earth as it originally grew. Tlie ground is
a black sandy loam, and would bear a middling
crop of corn. This spring I measured the tree
which I measured the tree which I set out, and
found the circumference to be twenty five iuclies,
and it bore as much fruit as all my oilier nineteen
apple trees. The largest of my other trees was
aevtnleen inches. If I had paid a man ten dollars
apiece, to set out niy trees in a proper manner, I
doubt not I should in the end be a great gainer.

I planted some large potatoes, cut in four or five
pieces, and some small >vh<ile ones, in alternate
niniers.") Should the parcel be somewhat rows. Tlie weight of each was equal. When
ou may send it to the address of " .Mons. | they were dug, the large produced at the rate of
etNego, Marchard de Vire, Ruedela Cinque I 191 lbs. 'I'lie small, 102 lbs. On an average, the
re" — to be forwarded to me, and that friend potatoes from the large, were four times as Isr^e
the needful at the custom house. as those from the small ones.

nearly a year since I addressed you a let- j I have budded plum, cherry and peaches, many
b I friend who proposed to visit Boston, and I i of them failed. But when I have taken short sci-
1 earned that he had not been there, and that ona, with no mure than two buds, and inserted

WHOLE I'OTATOra vs. KNDS.
Mil Cole — Dear Sir — Lnst season I made seve-
I rnl experiments on the potato, in order to ascertain
' as far as practicable, whether the theory is really
; and philoiophically based, which inculcates the su-
i perior value and productiveness of whole tubers
when planted for seed, over mere sectional cuttings
or " seed ends."

The soil selected for these experiments was a
bed of rich loam, resting upon a substratum of sand
so light and porous in its texture as easily to ad-
mit the infiltration of water frmii above as well as
tho ascent of moisture from below. Upon this
soil, which was accurately furrowed, I first planted
eight hills of Rohans, putting one tuber only, of
the size of a hen's eg^, in each hill. The next
row was planted with slips, upon each :)f which
there were eight eyes ; third, with slips having
but two eyes, and the fourth with pieces containing
but one eye each. The covering was performed
througliout alike, and the after culture was, so far
as I can recollect, in every respect the same. At
first, tlie whole potatogs were much more promising
than the rest, but as the season advanced, the hills
in which I had deposited the slips and nuttings,
gradually come on, and at tlie harvest were equally
as large and vigorous, tj all oppcarance, as tliosc
which had sprung from tiie potato which had been
planted whole. TlSfe p oiiucc of each of the rows
was nearly the same jn-weight, 'although there was
a very obvious difference as regarded size-: thos«
produced from the whole potatoes being much lar-
ger and fairer, and those from ihe ciitlings, with a
single eye, being the Uast, but most ntwierous ot
all. My other experiments were attended by simi-
lar results, or indeed so nearly similar as not to
require n recapitulation in detail.

Yours, in haste, H. D. WHITE.

Jfimlhav,, Me., March II, 1842.

SOAKING CORN TO FEED HORSES.

One of the best farmers in the vicinity of Balti-
more, saves one third of-liis corn, by soaking it be-
fore he feeds it to his horses. He places two hogs,
heads in his cellar, secure from the frost, and fills
them with ears of corn, and pours on water to cover
it. When well soaked, he feeds it to his horses,
and when one cask is empty, he fills it again and
feeds from the other. liy the time one is empty,
the corn in the other is well soaked. The cobs
are so well soaked that the horses eat the whole,
and they require only two thirds as much corn
when prepared in this way, and there is no doubt
that this preparation and the eating the cob with

the corn, renders the food more wholesome Par

mer's Jour.

It is estimated by Count Rumford, that a cord of
green wood contains 1,443 lbs. of water — equal lo
one hogshead an. I two barrels.

35r,

NEW E N G L A x\ D FARMER,

BtAT II, 184

THE niRDS— THE BIRRS.

A friend says to 113 — "I observe in your paper
nftlie "jrih nil., a timely cull on the fanner to pro-
tect tlie birds. I wisli some measure could be sug-
gested to do this more llioroui»lily. We liave bo-
cieiioa f;r the suppression of horse-stealing, and
we frecuenlly make a common cause against the
robbers of our melon grounds and orchards. Why
not <lo the same against the more dangerous loaf-
ers who di-'stroy tlie natural protactors of both fieldsi
and orchards? At present, no man's house or per-
son, in the country, is safe from the intrusion of
these dangerous nui.-<ance3.

" Impressed with the necessity of calling atten-
tion to this subject, I hastily collected some facts
to show the value of birds to the farmer, and had
them printed and distributed among my neighbors,
as I liopo, to some purpose. I send you a copy,
from which you may perhaps lliink [.it worth while
to make extracts.

" If public attention is only once awakened to
the e.Ttent of the evil complained ofj I have no fears
but it will be in fome way remedied."

Copy of the printed pamphlet above alluded to :
"PROTECr THE BIRDS.

"The season is now come when the birds begin
their labors in our fields and orchards. Many
amongst us are well satistied of the usefulness of
these little follow-Uborers, whilst some are not
aware of their value and permit them to be disturb-
ed or destroyed. For the benefit of such, the fol-
lowing facts are stated, and every one is \irged, as
he values his fruit trees and !ooks for a plentiful
harvest, to extend to uie bir-la th?' protection which
they 90 richly merit. Let those who may still
doubt, compare the orchards in Medford, Ombridge,
&c., in June, with those in West Cambridge and
Lexington, where shooti.ig and bird's-nesting are
not permitted. Our most intelligent orchardists
are satisfied that the absence, in these last named
towns, of the canker-worm, that pest which lias
cost so much labor and e.xpensc, and has ruined so
many trees, is oiving mainly to the great number of
birds which breed, undisturbed, in our fields and
orchards.

Let the mischievous loafers, of wliatever age,
size, condition, or color, who roam about our fields
with a musket in their hands, be dealt with accord-
ing to law, or driven out like vermin, and we shall
hear no more complaints that orchards are laid
waste by insects and trees destroyed by mice.

FACTS.
'» The common OUckoo is almost the only bird
which feeds on 'iic cifterpillar : he destroys them in
great numbers, eating them voraciously when they
are full grown. The numbers of these destructive
insects that a few Cuckoos, with their young, will
di!8troy, is incredible." — Conn. Herald.

"When the Marlins and Sivallows wero protect-
ed," says a Herefordshire farmer, " the hops blos-
somed in great beauty, and the crop was abundant,
wliilst there was a general failure with my neigh-
bors, who allowed these birds to be shot and their
nests destroyed." — Jesse.

" Every Crow requires nt least one pound of
food a week, and nine tonthe of their food consist
of worms and insects ; 100 Oows then in one sea-
son destroy 4780 pounds of worms, insects, and
larva: : from this fact some slight idea may bo
formed of the usefulness of this niucli persecuted
bird, to the farmer." — Magnzine'of jVnt. Hist.

!%( Blackbird destroys great numbers of grubs,
Ifc. ^-r. "Last August, I observed eight or ten
Blackbirds busily engaged in the grass-plat front
of my house, and the grass where they were, seem-
ed dying, as was hinted, from their inisohievous
operations — and the gun was suggested as the re-
medy. Suspecting the object of the birds' search,
I turned up a piece of turf with the spade, and
found it literally swarming with grubs of various
sizes. I need not say that they were allowed to
pursue their game undisturbed, and that the grass-
plat soon regained its verdure. This is another
instance of the utility of preserving birds on farms
and in orchards and gardens." — Ibid.

"The owl renders essential service to the far-
mer, by destroying mice, rats, and shrews, which
infest houses and barns ; it also catches bats and
beetles.

"To those who Bcem inclined to extirpate the
Blackbird, Wilson justly remarks, as a balance
against the damage they commit, tho service they
perform in tho spring season, by the immense num-
ber of insects and their larva- which they destroy,
as their principal food, and which are of kinds most
injurious to the husbandman. Indeed Kalin re-
marked, that after a great destruction made among
these and the common blackbird.'* for the legal re-
ward of three pence a dozen, tho Northern States,
in J749, e.xpcrienced a complete lo«s of the grass
and grain crops, which were now devoured by in-
sects."

" Up to the time of harvest, I have uniformly, on
dissection, found their food to consist of these lar-
va', caterpillars, moths, and beetles, of which they
devour such numbers, that but for this providential
economy, the whole crop of grain, in many places,
would probably bo destroyed by the time it began
to germinate." " • "At this season, to repay
the gardener for the tithe of his crop, their natural
due, they fail not to assist in ridding his trees of
more deodly enemies which infest them, and the
small cater pillar.-i, beetles, and various insects now
constitute their only food ; and for hours at a time
they may bo seen feeding on (lie all-despoiling
canker-worms, which infest our apple trees and
elms.'" — .YuttaWs Ornithology.

The Boblincoln is perhaps next to the Cedar
bird or Canada Robin, the greatest destroyer of tlie
canker-worm. Building her nest and rearing her
young under the apple trees, ns this bird often
does, she requires an immense number of wornu
for their sustenance just at the time that they are
most destructive. " I have observed one of these
birds," says a neighbor, "go round the limbs of an
apple tree in a spiral direction, and destroy in tliis
way every worm on the tree, in an incredibly small
time. " No man," added he, "can calculate the
value of birds on a farm. I have no doubt but they
save me equal to the labor of one man for the sea-
son, besides preserving my trees from destruction."

It may be safely said, that in a country so thick-
ly settled as this, there are no birds, not excepting
the hawks and owln, but are vastly more useful
than injurious to man. None of them should, un-
der any pretence, be destroyed.

It is not generally known, that n few only of the
hanks and owls destroy poultry. The rough-leg-
ged falcon may be observed llie whole winter long
seated on some small tree watching for mice, of
which he destroys great numbers. Those who
shoot him, or sutfer him to be sliot, deserve to have
their trees " girdled" by these vermin. 'J'he marsh

«

hawk, the common Harrier, and indeed all of th
family of birds that come so fearlessly to our fieli
and meadows, arc equally harmless and useful

" entity of Preserving Birdt on Farms and
Orchards. — An extensive experiment appears
have been made in someof the agricultural
tricts on the continent, the result of which
been the opinion that farmers do wrong in deati
iiig rooks, jays, sparrows, and indeed birds in gei
ral, on their farms, particularly where there
orchards. That birds do mischief occasional
among ripe corOi there can be no doubt; but tl
harm they do in autumn is amply compensaleij M
tho good they do in spring, by the destructive haf
oc they make amongst the insect tribes. Tl
quantity of grubs destroyed by crows, and of
erpillars and their grubs by the vorious small bin
must be annually immense. Other tribes of bii
which feed on the wing, as swallows, swifts,
martins, destroy millions of winged insects, whick
would otherwise infest the air, and become inaa|H
portably troublesome. Even the titmouse and boll
finch, usually supposed to be so inischievonsii
gardens, have actually been proved only to destroy
those buds which contain a destructive insect. 0iu
nithologisls have of late delermined these fact* t|
be true. On some very large farms in Devonshire
the proprietors determined, a few summers ago, t(
try the result of oflering a great reward for tb(
heads of crows ; but the issue proved destruclin
to the farms, for nearly tho whole of the crops failed
for three succeeding years, and they hove since
been forced to import birds to re-slock their farmi

" Of late years the extensive destruction ot ikc
foliage and young fruit trees in orchards by a spe-
cies of caterpillar, has ex< itcd the attention of tbc
naturalist, and it has been found to have nriaer
from the habit of destroying those small birds aboui
orchards, which if left unmolested, would have de-
stroyed or kept down these voracious insects. j/LJu

"The splendid orchards of Mr Curtis, (propljJH,
tor of the celebrated Buliniicat Magazine,) of Qh--
zenwood, near Coggeshall, in Essex, were It*
summer almost desolated by vermin of this Mit
There was, indeed, in Juno, scarcely one leaf led
on five or six hundred apple trees, so great was thf
destruction ; it was really quite a lamentable ob-
ject to sec such fine fruit trees so destroyed
Curtis observed that he was so convinced of thp'
utility of preserving the birds, from paal expW* (,
cnce and inquiry, that ho would not permit on«#
his servants so much as to scare them away,"—
Lond. Mag. A'at. Hist.

A thousand more well -attested facts mighttli
stated to show the value of birds; but moro all
not necessary. Let every farmer and every Ml'
who is interested in the labor of the farmer, (ui
who is not.-) do what he can to protect them toi
the face of the country will no longer present tta
appearance of a scorched and bUs:ed wilderiMHi
but will preserve its beauty to the eye and lit'
trees will produce their "fruit in season."

Extract from the Revised Slatutfs of MassachuMlU
"Section 1. If any person shall, between thi
first day of March and the first day of September,
take, kill or destroy any of the birds, called p«lV
ridges, or quails ; or shall, between the first day «f
March, and the fourth day of July, kill or destiof
any of the birds called woodcocks, snipes, larktW
robins; or shall, between the first doy of JanUUT
and the first day of NoTembcr, take, kill, of d»

\ \. >1>. 4 3

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

Ul

oy i»ny of llip birtU cilloil grouic or heath hon» ;
simll, nilhin tlio rfs|)cctivc tiiiica afurpsRiil, icll,
buy, i>r have in hi« pnssoMion, any of the said
'(]«, kilU-il nr taken as aturosaid, ho shall rorl'eit

every sdcIi |iartritl|;e, <|n3il or woodcock, tin'
n of two dollars, ond for every aiich anipo, lark
robin, one dollur, and (or every such groiise or
ith hen the »un\ often dollars, to bo recovered

complnint bel'oro any juslico of tlio pence.
".Src/i'oii 2. Ifany pcraon elinll shoot at or kill
r of the birds mentioned in the preceding sec-
1, or any olhtr birJs upon lands not oicned or oc
ixeil by hiinstlf, and without license from the
ner or occupant thereof, at any time between the

I day of March and the fourth day of July, he

II forfeit and pay to the occupant or owner of
h land^, the sum of TR5 dollars, in addition
ho actual damages sustained, to be recovered
such owner or occupant in an action of trespass."

THE AMKIIICAN AGRICULTURIST."
■Ve have received the first two numbers of a pe-
lical with the above title. Messrs. A. H. Allen

R. L. Allen, New York, aro its editors. The
cimeos- give promise of a valuable work. It
les monthly, in pamphlet form, ."^'.J pages — terms,

dollar per annum, in advance,
^rom its second No. we take the following :

PLASTER OF PARIS.
lENTs. — We have heard many complaints a-
ig our farmers who use this iinp<^rtant 8tim<j-
, and particularly from those who have but re-
.ly con:mcnccd it3 application, thnt it failed in
lerous instances ■ last year in developing its
\i\ benefits. They doubt the jfoodness of the
?Ie, or its adiptation to their 8'>ils.
*ur solution to their complaints and inquiries

at it requires rains to dissolve or decompose
plaster, without »vhich its application to crops
iiitlcss. The spring and summer of 1841 were
sually dry ihrouffliout a great p.irt of the North-
States. For two or three months, we had lit-
r no rains, and the {,'rass and early grain crops
• uncommonly short. This we apprehend is
jrincipul cause of the failure. We advise our
iiiltural friends, however, to repeat their regu-
oiirse, and soon the present season may give a

account of the hst years application. At all
te, our confidence is in no way impaired in
irtuo of ibis stlmulnnt.

Yours, truly, F.

9 the application of sulphate of lime, more fa-
rly known as ScUnile, Gypsum, or Plaster of
s, is extensively and most beneficially made in
country as a manure, perhaps we cannot occu-

10 Bllention of our readers more advantageous.
an by throwing together some/acts connected
it Of theories we have many ; but as they

not yet attained that certainty which we
1 essential to any subject claiming the alten-
of practical farmers, the rule we have adopted
i:r present limits will not allow our communi-
g them. The materials of gypsum are lime,

n lically combined with sulphuric acid, common-
own as oil of vitriol, or vitriolic acid, which is

n -)f the strongest mineral acids, and consists of
lur and oxygen, with the addition of a little
r. This combination is essential to be under-
1 by such as are making experiments on its
and will serve to throw niuch light on Ijie rea-
for the different results obtained.

And, 1. It gencrilly has little or no elfect on
strong clay land*, unless applied in large quunli-
tii'!<, lay 15 or 'iO bushels to the acre, when it has
been known to change the chnrnclrr of a nlifl'clay
III a single season, to a louse, friable, inelluw niid
rich soil.

2. It is used with great cIToct on dry, sandy,
(not a barren sand,) or loamy soils.

.'t. One to two bushels per aero is considered a
sulficient quantity to apply at onco, though as high
as six, have been sown with matkcd advantage.

4. Its effects last through two seasons, and fre-
quently much longer.

5. It should be sown generally ii April or May,
(and always applied when the ground is dry,) thus
affording an opportunity for dissolving it by the
rains. Its application to crops as late as June,
has frciiuently been attended with decided ndvnii-
tagcs, though the large quantity of water required
for dissolving it, being about ."JOO parts of water,
at a temperature of 00'', to one of gypsum, renders
the advantage much more conspicuous when sown
earlier.

(3. The clTccts are much more striking when ap-
plied with manure, and sometimes with lime.

7. It is a stimulant, as well as manure, and has
a tendency to exhaust the humus or geine already
in the ground, which renders it necessary to add
manures occasionally, when the crops arc carried
off the ground ; when they are consumed on it,
the soil is constantly improving without the addi-
tion of manure.,

8. It is in some instances a specijic food of vege-
tables, by this means g.-enlly increasing ttie-quan-
tity of some plants, as clover, sainioin, and other
of the broad leaf grasses ; peas, corn, roots, &c. ;
while some of the narrow leaf grasses, and wheat,
barley, oats, &e. arc scarcely benefited bv it.

y. In opposition to the suggestion of our corres-
pondent, we have well attested e.xperiments of its
immediate beneficial effeet on crops suflierin<r from
drought, belore any rains had come to its aid ; it
having been in some slight degree dissolved by
copious dews.

10. Its application in the neighborhood of salt
water, has seldom been attended with benefit, ow-
ing undoubtedly to its combining with the saline
vapor wafted to it by the sea breezes.

11. Frequent benefit is derived from its use on
vines and other plants infested with insects, for
though the diluted acid constituting a portion of it,
may be highly beneficial to the vegetable, it is poi-
son to the insect.

12. Wet lands ar not improved by it.

13. Many soils are already so highly charged
with gypsum in their natural ccmdition, as to de-
rive no benefit from an additional quantity. There
is scarcely any saline substance more generally
diffused, it constituting a portion of almost every
soil, and is contained to a gre:itcr or less extent,
in all river and spring water; and giving to the
latter especially, when in considerable quantity,
the character of hardness.

From this cause, (its general and large diffusion,)
is unquestionably owing the want of effect on clay
lands. These almost invariably contain conside-
rable portions of sulphur tnii lime; wa have then
but to odd a portion of oxygen to the sulphur,
which is abundantly found in the aoil, and water,
and atmosphere, and we have the sulphuric ncid,
which brought into combination with the lime,
gives U8 the gypsum. This enters directly into
the substances of some plants, as we have seen

above: and on others, it acts favorably, by its siib-
sequonl dccnmpiisitiun and union with other sub-
I Blnni-cs, (ij poinuli ; and cspcciiilly by sci/.ing on
jniid fixing the ammonia, brought into contact with
j it liy iho dews and rnina from thn nlmonphcrc.
■riie.HP multifarious operotinns of nature in her sc-
I crcl laboratory, with all the elem''nls and under
all the varied cirrumstancoa in which nhe work*,
are not so clearly delected, e» lo dcvclopc her mo-
dus operandi v. liii Butticicia certainty to ctitublith
well defined and accurate ihi-ories. We ihereforo
leave the subject for the proclical farmer to expe-
riment upon, with what little light we have thrown
together on the suhject above. And with all the
theory in the world, trperience as to its value lo
certain crops, under certain circumstances, ami on
certain soils, would be of more value to the farmer ;
and to him we must look fur such cxperiiiieiits as
can alone afford any reasonable or correct founda-
tion of the theoretic action of this important mine-
ral. Wo will add, that another reason for the
w.int of effect on clay soils, may bo found in the
abundance of the sulphates of ammonii, potash,
soda, magnesia, alumina, &.C. which they contain.
Our own uso of gypsum has been limited, as the
land we have cultivated for a few years post, has
been a tenacious clay. On a J-ield containing 20
acres, which was occupied with oats, sown on a
freshly turned and unmaniircd soil ; oats sown on
a well monurcd piece, occupied for ."icveral preced-
ing seasons with roots; and a large clover patch;
we sowed in the latter part of May last year, about
seven acres in different patchc.-;, at the rale of five
or six pecks lo the acre. The ground had become
quite dry, and we had but slight rains afterwards,
and though the whole season was remarkably dry,
we had a large crop from each part of the field,
(thus showing the superiority of a chiy soil in
drought;) yet so far as we could discover, there
was no apparent difference in the plastered or un-
plastered portions of the field. There may have
been some advantage in the weight or nutritive
character of the ciop afforded by the plaster, but
of this we could not judge, as our experiment did
not go far enough to settle this point. R.

Transplanting Trees Most nut-bearing trees

may be as much improved by tr.insplanting and
grading, as fruit trees are. 'i'ho hickory and ches-
nut may thus be made to bear nuts far better fla-
vored, and three times as large as they [iroducc in
an uncultivated state. In ii good soil, they will
soon come to maturity ; and for shade, fuel, and
timber, the chesnut, butternut and hickory, are nut
inferior to the unproductive horse-chrsnut, bass-
wood, elm and maple. Late in autumn, or in
spring, is the time for transplanting ; — for which,
and for grafting, the same course is to be pursued
as with the apple or pear tree — care being taken
to place the roots about the same depth in the
earth that they naturally grew.

When the buds just begin to oxpand, or take
the leaf form, is considered the most favorable time
for grafting niiU ; this takes place about the last
of May. — Selected.

We would strongly recommend the soaking of
ruta baga and other turnip seed, 48 hours in tan-
ner's oil, before sowing. 'I'he oil so strongly im-
pregnates the first leifvcs of the plant, as to keep
off the fly, so destructive to it in the early stages
of its existence .imcr. .igricul.

•^5S

NEW ilNGLAND FARMER

MAV il,lH48.

Afli HORTICL'LTLBAI. RKOISTER.

BolTOI>, WHDHESDAT, Mat 11, 1842.

PUMPRfNS AND WINTER SQUASHKS.

These moy bo laiscd »t «n small an expense as to
make ihcni clienp food Cor ealile and awiiie in llii> nionllm
of November and December. It is best to plant in liilln
8 feel apart each way — 7 to 8 liuiidred hills per acre.
A single cord of good manure, or but little more llinn n
cord, will afford a large shovel fall per hill on the acre.
A'cnllivator or a harrow run through the rows two or
three times, and the use of the hoe once or twice imme-
diately around the hHI, is all the labor that is required.
We do not mean to »ey that more manure will not cause
a larger yield, but only that where Jand is plenty and
manure scarce, that the quantity above named will an-
swer a good purpose. Wo think it better to put the
pumpkins and squashes by themselves, than to scalier
them through the corn field. If the corn is thick upon
the ground, vines do it essential injury, if you have
manure, you may plant a row of beans or a row of t-cjrn
between each two rows of vines, and all will do well.
In that case, the rows of corn beingf 8 feet asunder, the
corn does not «had8 the vines to their greet .haru), and
the roots of the vines beinj; 4 feet from the roots of the
corn, the corn is not robbed of its sustenance. Vims
generally do best on new light lands. Spots that have
recently been cleared of bushes, where there are many
decayed leaves, are favorable to their growth. Any
strong manure answer: well fortheni, but lliose compost-
ed with virgin soil from the woods, or with decayed
leaves and wood, are the best.

Lnrge nod soft shelled [lumpklns, and larg-i^tiquashes
ara the most profilnblc to raise for stork. If ^^^u have
seed in abundance, it is best to put u dozen or tporo in
each hill; this gives a chance to have three vines left —
(and that is enough per hill) — afler the ravages of flies
and worms are over.

Should you pick up the bones around the promises
and put one in each hill, the roots of the vinea will em-
brace it, form a sort of net work over it, and probably
you will get a heller crop (or their doing so : — let the
bone, however, not be placed in imnaediaio conlact with
the seeds you plant, but three or four inches below them,
or at one side of them. ;Ifin immediate contact with
them, the bone is liable to act too powerfully.

In planting vines of all kinds, it is well to dig out B
large hole — say take out a bushel of earth or more, and
then work your manure and the earth thua dug out,
well together in filling up the hole. Plant from May
SOtb to June Sih.

THE SEASON.

The flmetra appear on the earth — the time of the tinging
of Lirdt has come,— The Pbeachi;b.

Earlier than in must seasons, the earth has put on lier
robes ol green, bespangled with flowers of every hue.
Twelve month.s ago, we wore drenched with rains,
ciiilled by the North East gules — scarcely a wllJ flower
had opened its petals— and ihe earlrest fruit trees wr^re
no blossimie. Now, the pear, tho cherry, and even the
apple, in sheltered spots, are in full blo.ssom. Wild
flowers arc Bpread in profusion on the earth's surface)
the grass is green, and is well set. It is true that we
cannot tell much yet as to harvests, but at pretcat all
things in nature promise well.

" The flowers appear on the earth." Mysterious
change ! A few we( ks rince, and all around on plain,
in valley and on hill, all wa^ sere and inanimate. Frosts
held the powers of vegetable growth in perfect aboyanr*.
Those frosts have now reiaxed their grasp. Flowers
and plants in countless numbers have come up from the
bosom of the earth, and are now gratifying man by their
delicacy and beauty of form and coloring, are pleasing
us by their fragrance, and are giving promise of grains
and fruits. Mysterious change ! No visible hand has
wrought it. Day by day, night by night it has gone on,
but no visible hand has wrought it. liut it has a cause :
The Maker and the Executor of Nature's laws, lias
spread this robe of beauty and promise over the hus-
bandman's fields and pastures.

And He, the God of the reasons, invites the farmer
now to be sowing with a diligent hand. Hb encourages
us to sow in hope. This we mnij do, when we comply
with the coik/{(i(»i« on which the luxuriant harvest is
usually granted. We must till well — manure mill — seed
well — and then may we hope to receive sbundanily (rorn
Him on whom the eyes of all wait, that he may give
them meat in due season.

"The time of the singing of birds has come" — and
let Ihemsing. Why stop their note3 with the murderous
gun .** WiiJi their,.xich and varied plumage, they give a
charm to earlh s scenes, while busily collecting the in-
sects and worms that would feed upon our crops. They
.arc given to man by the beneficent Giver of all good, to
assist in proteciing tho fruits of his labor from the depre.
dations of enemies too minute for his vision — too nume-
rous for him to subdue. Let iliem live — let them sing.
We preach often upon this subject : we do it earnestly.
And we urge it upon farmers and farmers' boys, not as
a /natter of taste and feeling merely, but as a matter of
interest and profit. Year-let the birds live.

ber. Many w ish their corn to grow rapidly in June :
ffe have had our largest crops in B«a;ops yfU^f the June
^growili has been sloie.

BUTTER.

"The Yankees keep up the price of butter in this
market. They boast in 13aslun ol receiving fresh Phila-
delphia butler twice a week. Wfiy don't the Yaokeea
make it fur themselves.''"

So says and so asks the Philadelphia North American,
So say the citizens. — The Philadelphiana keep down
tha price of butler in this eilv, by sending tJieirs on hero
twice a week. Why do the Pennsylvanians make more
than they want for their own use .' So ask the Yankee
farmsre.

CANKER WORMS.
Mr VV'iiiBhip, of Brighton, has sent us a message, say-
ing that a sprinkling of the suds of IVhale Oil Soap upon
thn trees, just as the canker worms hatch out, will de-
stroy them. 'I'hose who think to operate in this way,
must watch the irees very narrowly, and find the worms
while they are very smallj and make tlie application
then. The Whale Oil Soap can be obtained at Messrs.
Breck &. Cu.'s Agricultural Warehouse.

CATERPILLARS.
Strip them from the trees while young. Take thoso
hours when they ore all in the nest and pull off all that
are within reach and put your foot upon them. Those
that are too high up in the'.reesfor reachingconvcnient-
ly, may be destroyed by swobbing them with struog
soap-suda or willi fnmp oil

MELONS. .

Tho water melon does best on a warm gravelly or
sandy soil — but if you plant on a dry gnivolly knoll,
(and that is the best sjiot that most farmers can select,)
then dig out a large fiole that will contain a wlietdharruw
load of roiten chips, or leaves, or wood, mixed with
some mniiiire and some fresh and good soil ; some muck —
swamp mud — may cnt»r into tho mixture.

The musk melon does well treated in Ihe same way,
and it often will do well in a common rich garden soil,
without any particular care in planting.

The editor of tho Kent (Maryland) News, says he
pulled from his wheat lot recently, a stalk of wheat
measuring three feet from the root to the lop of tho
blade. The crop in that section is very promising.

MANURING CORN JN THE HILL.

Wo do not like the common practice of putting eight
or ton cartloads only of manure to the acre for corn, and
pulling that all in tho hill. 'J'here is no profit in trying
to raise corn in ihis way. But if you are still bent upon
thu old course, we advise you to furrow out tho Innd
deep as possible, and get the manure down as far ns
you can from thu ellccts of the drying winds and suns.

Whaio twenty loads of good manure per acre can be
used, we deem it belter economy to spread the whole.
J'ossibly the crop of corn may bo no larger — it moy bo
smaller ) — this depends much upon the season. But lire
labor is loss, the crop in the overage of years is as good,
and the land is left in a butter atale.

Thui'O is a common belief that corn m.^nuted in the
hill, ripens earlier than that where all tho inanuro is
■prcid. Our experience does not find this so. Tlio
corn will grow faster in June and July, when the nin-
niiie is in the hill, and will promise then to ripen earlier,
but we have not found it fulfil that promise in Scptem-

The Peach Worm. — Various methods have bean em-
ployed to prevent the attacks of this insect. In tlw
spring, earth has been piled round the tree afoot high,
covering up all the bark that was tender. With the
same object in view, canvass or ropes mailo of hay or
straw, have been wound about the stern, and then coat-
ed will] wiiite-w^sh. Straw in an upright position, has
also been applied. Tan in small boxes has ant^wered
the same purpose; and its properties are also repulsive.
Lime and ashes have the same efl'ect. Common salt,
either alone or niixed with nitre, lias been found eflici-
cious, besides promoting the grontli and producliveneu
of the tree. Haifa pound has been scattered round it at
a time. Soot employed in the same way, is highly re-
commended. A,small red cedar, planted in the satna
hole witli a peach tree, has protected it by its otTcnsiva
odor. Charcoal in small pieces, heaped up, is supposati
to smother the worm by choke damp, and sulphur to
poison it with its fumes. Doubtless all are useful, but
ihe appendages should be removed when the warm laa.
son IS over. — \". Y. .Igricul. Sue. Trans.

.Mildew. — Some varieties of the peach and nociarina,
arc subject lo a white mildeWy which appears on tho new
shoots about midsummer, checking their growth, but iu>t
allendcd with any ether ill effecls. It seems analogous
to ihc mildew on the grape and gooseberry ; and may
bo cured it is said by tho npplication of sulphur nattr.
A bolter course, however, for culturists in grnoril,
would be to stimulate the tree to make a handsoma
growth in the early p;irt of the season, and to take Do
further care. — lb.

When young, we trust oucselves too much, and wa
trust others too litilo when old. Rashness is the errorof
youth, timid caution of age. Moiihood is Iho isthmus
between tho two exiremes — the ripe, the fertile season
ofsction, when alone ws can find the head to contrive,
united with the hand to execute. — Lacon.

rffii. \x. x«». 15.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U li A L REGIS T K R .

S.59

VllKrtMU.MKTKICAl,.
liTPiiitetl Kir tlir Nrw Kntlntul Katgicr,
It iilg* '>r Ihp riiriinnin«lrr.il th« (iarilciior llie pro|iriolorii
•I (111 New Knxlanil Farintr, llrighlun. Mum. in K •Imilrd
Xori.iei-ly ox|u»iir«. fiir.ibaunk calling Majr I.

UtIII.IAS.

Kor ialr at lhf> Afc>ii'<iliiinii Wnrrlioinr, Ni>. r,a Noiih
Market »lrc«l, n lart"? u».iorliinnt of Dciulilr Dnhliiis nf chc
Hunt voriitics. JCSE1>H BRKCK & CO.

HoMon, May 3, 1842.

ttny 1S42.

I 6 A..M. J 12, M. I T.P.M. I Win.1.

S"ond«v,

a

**\

60

49

w.

lurtday,

a

44

65

43

E.

Weln*s<l»jr,

4

*t

47

47

E.

'1 hiirviiar,

'^1

40

69

68

N. W.

Fti lay,
fialonlay,

«

<i

71

67

W.

ri

xi

80

44

N.

itaodjT,

s-l

43

62

t.0

S.

HKICMTON MARKKT.— Mosn»T, .May 9, 1842.
KfP«rt«il fiinhp .Ni>w Knclind F^rinci.

At M.irkcl SaCKlIcp.l Cattle, 15 pairs Working oicn,
20 G>wi and Culvo«, 250 Sheep, and r.2riO Swine.

I'liicKS.— lieef Cattle. Last weeks' prices Tor a like
quality were not sualained. A few extra j!5 75 n G 00.
Fiist qiinliiy, $5 50 a 5 75. Seciind quality, $5 .^0 a
S 62. Tl.itd quality, $4 50 a 5 25.

Working Oxtn. — No s.tles noticed.

Coios and Catrts. Sales 22, 24, 2C, and $30. ,

Sheep. — Lots were sold from 2 75, to $4 50.

Sjcine. — Lots to peddio from 3 1-2 to 3 3-4 for sows,
•nd 4 ]'2 to 4 3 4 for barrows. Lar^e Oarrowa at 4ct«.
Al relnil, from 4 12 tu 6.

lIKItB/VCIUUS PliANTS.

The present lituc, \a llie inu.st suilaMc lor rcmnviiiir Per-
ennial plants. The suhscrili.TS will furnish 'Jd line ^|u•cics
for •», picked in innss, in such n manner that ihcy cun he
lrans|KirlC(l to uuy ditluncc with safelv.

April 2- JOSKl'M RRECK & CO.

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Conedcd aUh great care, weekly.

FUrir, OU.NA.MKNrAL. TICKKH Ac.

HUllSKIir or WILIItH IKNIIICII,

Of l'rar\ Prur. I'b„<\ and Cherry Trerm,

a cnlhclKin unriTnlloil in anv former year, (or e».

leu»no numhcn of fino Ireen, of new nml finest

kinds. Ijirge addilions of new. valuahle, m

heaniiful, are just received I'roni Kurope.

Gooschorrio. of tirsi quality. Ap|.lr,, Clmnce.. Onin.

Vines, Knspl.crri.'s, Currrpiis, Sirawherries. &<■ The ni»

a indeed and dc«c.ripli»e Catalogue for I8«, will he sent to

■II who apply.

Oroamcnial Trcci»ond Shruhs, Honeysuckles. &c. Splen-
dill varieliis of doutile yellow Mnrri.on and other Ro»c»-
of- I ree Pimnies, nf Heilrarcnus Pieonie». and oihnr flower-
iiiR Plants- of dnuhle Dahlias, Aic, lUmharb of first rata
newest kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, tie.

All orders addressed to the suhscnher, will Im^ uramplly
nllenrtcd lo, anil Trees when so o-dered, will he serurelr
packed in mute aad moss lor safe irunsport lo all distanl
places hy land or sea, and delivered in the cuy free ofcharc^
for Irnnsporlatinn hv the wagon which is sent Ihiiher daily,
Icrsmay be left al the stand, al No 44 Cnnqr.-.s street,
WILLIAiM KK.MUCK
rS'onajiium llill, IS'ewlon.
epll2thjune

Cnstoo;
March 9

In u-sii):; ihis inn( Inn
his seed is put inio i|._

the best possible m.m'ner.

mi he best possible manner. There lias been a creat
difficulty in machines for sowing garden seeds; ih.-v
are very apt lo clog ,ip, and the farmer might go over ah
acre 01 land and not sow a single seed ; but not so with
this; It IS so conslnicled that it canm.t pussiblvcloc
In using this sower, the farmer can save one half of
his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter the
expense of the co.-iunoji way of sowing, and have it
done in a much better manner; it opens the fiiriow
drops the seed, covers it over and rolls them down'
It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta /Jn<Tn
IVLingel Wurlzel, Turnips. Carrots, Beets, Parsnips On'

GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS.

JOSRTH BRECK & CO. have received their full supply
of Garden and Field Seeds, which they warrant lo be pus*

SEEDS Herds Grass, $". 75 to 3 00 per bushel. Red Top, ions, 4-0. For sale at the New En<T|aii'd Aericiil'inrni
<U to 45 cents, (.lover— Norlhern, II lo 12c.— Southern, 10 j Warehouse and Seed .Store Nos 51 and S'' N'ori'i Mi
?,'"" ^!jfrl' !'"'•' f.L';:"-, Lucerne. a5,c.per lb. kelstreel. by JOSEPH BRECK & CO. "

Canary Seed, (3 50 a 4 00 per bushel.

GRAIN. Corn— Sales yellow round, 66 a 68. Delaware
Oats, 46 a 47.
Corn— .Northern, bushel 70 lo7l— do. Round Yellow 63
69 — do. Southern Klat Yellow 66 a 67 —While do. 60 a 62

■Birley — a Rye,- Northern, — a do. Southern,

la«i— Oats, Southern, 45 a 48 — .Northern do. 4$ to SO —
eans, per hushel 75 ■ I 50.

FLOUR. The sales of the week consist of 1000 bhls

Dhio, sound nl 0 3 4 a *6, and exlra at 6 1-8 per bbl ; 3000

^odo. unsound, 4 1-2 a 5 1-4 do do; 2000 do Philadelphia

«, cash a 30 days ; 200 do Baltimore Cily .Mills, 5 87.

Baltimore, Howard Sireel. 4 nios, cr. $6 13 a 4 25 — do.

»harf, »5 67 a — do. free of sarlic, iC 12 a Phila-

lelphia do. 4 mos. *6 12 a — — Fredericksl)ur<;, lowl'i 4

nm. S6 no a Alexandria, wharf mountain,— »5 87 a

- — Georceiown, «C 12 a C 25— Richmond Canal, 86 12 a
8S— do. City, »7 (10— Petershurgh, Cily Mills, *6 00 a 6 12

-<io. Country »6 00 a • Genesee, common, cash, *6 37 a

do fancy brands S6 50 a — — Ohio vj) Canal,

16 00 a Indim Meal in bhls., »3 00 a 3 25.

PROVISIONS. 00 bhls clear Pork, sold by auction «9
S per bhi, cash.
Beel- Mess, 4 no. new bbl. S9 00 a 9 50— Navy— J3 00 a
—No 1 , »7 25 a 7 60— do Prime »4 50 a 6 Oo— Pork—
Ixtra clear, 4 mo. bbl. 8|2 a .— —do Clear ill a —
-do Mess 83 25 a 8 50 —do Prime 86 2o a 6 50-^o Mess
nom other Stales 6 25 a 8 60.

wool,. Duly. The value whereof at the place of ex-
wialion shall mil exceed 8 ets. per pound, free. All where-
the VBJue exce6<bi 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
els per pound. (

The stock of Domestic Wool in Markst is not large.
Prim<^ or Saxony Fleecos, washed, lb. 47 a 50 c.--Amer-
in fuil Mood do 43 a 45— Do 3-4do.38 a 40— Do. l-2do
t a 35 -14 and common do 29 a 30 — Smyrna Sheep,
ashed. 20 a 25-- Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Hengasi do
a 10— Saxonjjrlean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10—
do picked, 12 a 16— Superfine Norlhern pulled lamb 37
40— .No. 1 do. do. do. 34 a 36— No. 2 do do do 21 a 26-
3 do liodo 15 a 20.

April 2D

and Iresh, as follow
Early Cedo NuUi Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.^
JIarrowlal, &c.
White Allringham Carrol
Long Orange do.

SEED BARLEY, AKD OATS. ^^^~

For sale at No. 52 North Market St., a prime lot of S-«l
Barley, Also English Oats. J. BUliCK & CO.

Boston, April 6.

they

Early Horn do.
Mangel WurUel Beet.
Sugar do.
Long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Ruia Baga.

Turnips in greal variety.
Early and Late Beans of
sous.

APPLE STOCKS.

The subscribers oifer for sale 10,000 fine Apple
Slocks two years old.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. No.M North M»rkc«
SI. Boston. April 6.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH

for*^"''"/'"'"?™'"''","' '•'"''' '"^^" ■"»•'« •t'f P'-«l >■<•" in the
has Icen Z"'^'"'"'f'^''' "j"'' P^""?>'^ ' 'h^ mmild b, ard
/„rn Z ■ '"'^"^"">'' ?'', lo la,/ li;o furrow complctdv orcr

m„?n 1 , '"■'^ po^^Mc manner. The length of ihe
mould hoard hash, n very much increased, sS tha he
Plough works with Ihe greatest ease, l.nih w.'.h respect to

of Plough! •i'llv"'' "?"'■ ^'" Committee at ihoJate irial
oi 1 lougns at V\orcester,sav,

"Sh""'-i 1----- I %

we sh

WITH Mr. Howard's.
,„'^,I: 'l;i,"''.°'A .?e--l:»ned irial the Howard Plough did

A prime lol of large size .Appl», P.-;
ale by J. hKECK & CO., No. Si N
March 30 1812

KRUIT TREES.

and Plum trees, (m
orlh Market ai.

UliASS SEEDS.

Norlhem and Soulhera Clover Seed— While Dutch do.
— Lucerne— Herds Grass- Red Top-Orchard Grass- FosrI
Meadow Grass— Oat Grass, &o. Millet, Rape, Canary and
Hemp ped. Every variety of seed for Agricultural or
Horlicullural purposes, may be olilained al the Agricultutal
E>.tab!ishmeiu, No. 52 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.-

HOPS Sales of 25 bales have been made at II a 11 l-2e,

id some small lots have been taken for export.

1st sort, Mass. 1J41 per lb II a II 1-2,

HAV, per tf>n, »13 lo 22- Eastern Screwed 814 tO-16

CHEESE--Shipping and 4 meaL 4 to 6o.— New ( to 8.

EGGS, 12 a 16.

DAHLIA POLES.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., offer for sale 1000 superior
hlia Poles, with the bark pealed off, in bundles of loo, or
ihedoiea. Boston, May 3, 1842.

made''* "* '""*'' ""* '"""Scs' and most substanliaiiy
orUnT^ ''." !"?" '•m'" ^" "nPf"'":meni made on the shoe,
hLlmf 1 r^ "' 'i""^'""?''',"-'"'^'' <^»" '•« renewed wiihou
II?. .i^^ '° fu^'i^h a new landsida; this shoe likewise secnies

pio "gb'v'r';;i;;,'ch"'' '"'"""^ '"'''""' "-" ^'^^"^"^-^ "-

,.,V" ''"r' ';'' '^^"'"'?'>s is from 86 lo 8|6. A Plough,
sofficicni for breaking up wilh four callle; will cost about
•10 50, and with culler 81, wilh ' "

wheel and

, 82 69

N ^, )! i'o^N-"'' lH:;'™,"""' Warehouse and Seed Si. lo,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Sirrel by '

. ., „„ JOSKPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

PRUIT TREES.

For sale at the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass., ■
choica collection of Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Peach
Trees, Also, a great variety of Scions cut from Iruil bear-
ing Trees. Apply by mail to the Superinlendanl.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem, .April 6, 1342. Jw

MUCK MANl'AL.

For sale hy JOSEPH BRECK & CO., The Muck Man-
ual fur.J'armcrs. By Dr S. L. Dasa; price 8l.
Boston, April 13.

PEAK AND PLUM STOCkS.

For sale by SAMUEL POND. Camhridgeporl. Also,

April 20.

Asparagus roots.

CAMBKIDGEPOKT AURSERY.

SAMUEL POND, Nurseryman, Columbia
street, Cambridgeport, Mass. Has for sale a
choice assortment of FRUIT TREES
SHRUBS, ROOTS, and VINES,
among ihem are ihe best varieties of Apple,
Pear, I'lum, Cherry, Peach. Apricot, Grapevines, A.sparaguo,
Rbnbarh, Pear stocks, Apple do.. Plum do , Currants, Goos»-
berries. Raspberries, &c. Trees of an extra size always on
liau''- March 23.

APPLE SOIOXS.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of the following kinds, Baldwin, Greening, River, Porter
Nonesuch, Pearmain, Swcclings, Ac, ^Vc. Also, a few of
the choice kinds of Peari anil Plums. Order's left at J.
BRKCK&Co.,or al the connling room ol the subscriber
85 Washington si., Huston, or .sent by mail, lo Brigblon will
be promptly attended lo. JAMES L- L F. WARREN.

April 6.

WQ

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MAV II. 184 S..

MISCELLANEOUS

The Love nf Woman There is Bomelliing in-
finitely touching' in the love of woman. Uncon-
scious of defect in the object of its devotion, it
knows no limit to its duration or intensity, and be-
comes identified with tlie very existence of the f»ir
being witli uliom it has taken up its abode. Alike
forgetful of self under all circumstances, it is not
seduced by the ostentatious displays of wealth and
magnificence, nor is its fervor abated amidst the
disheartening scenes of penury and degradation.
Well may woman say with the poet —

"The heart thnt once truly loves Iiover forgola,

iitit as truly loves on (o the close,
As the sun-fltiwir Uirns on iis God when \\» sets,

The siinie loiik that il turned when iie roie."

For her affection knows no change. It ascends the
scaffold and travnrses the battle field, unconscious
of disgrace or danger ; no coldness can chill its
ardor, and no iinworthincss can diminish its force,
whilst regardless of the smiles of prosperity or the
frowns of adversity, it identifies itself witli the des-
tinies of its object in the cold embrace of death it-
self. What a contrast does woman's love present
when compared with the calculating attachments
of man, and how nobly does it cast back upon him
the slanderous imputations of fickleness and sel-
fishness.— Setecled.

Curiovs Civilily The Foreign Quarterly, in a

review of Kohl's spirited and exceedingly interest- 1
iiig sketches of the capitol of Russia, Fays that cu-
rious scenes take place in tlie streets of St. Peters-
burg on a cold day.

When I he nose freezes, the sufferer is wholly
unconscious of a fact, which to all who sec him is
made .ipparent by the chalky whiteness of that im-
portant appendage to the human face divine. Na-
ture for such occ.nsions has always provided, in
profuse abundance., the most cfTicacious remedy.
All that is necessary is, to rub the patient's nose
well with snow, and llie circulation usually reiurns
in a few minutes. If this is not done in time, the
noce is lost. It has therefore come to bo consid-
ered an act of common civility, in the streets of St.
Petersburg, for every body to look to the noses of
his neighbors, trusting that his neighbors will keep
an eye upon his in return, if you meet a man nnd
see that his nose is turning white, courtesy re

A Pointed Hit 'i'he Lowell OfTering tells the

following anecdote of Faflier Moody, who was pas-
tor of the church in York, Me., in the year 1700:

"Col. Ingraham. a wealthy parishioner, had re-
tained his large slock of corn in lime of great scar-
city, in hopes of raising the price. Father Moody
heard of it, and resolved upon a public attack upon
his transgressor. So he arose in the pulpit one
Sabbath, and named as his text Proverbs xi., 1) :
"He that wiihholdeth corn, the people shall curse
him ; liul blessings shall be upon the head of him
that selleth it." Col. Ingraham could but know to
whom reference was made, but he held up his head,
and faced his pastor with a look of stolid uncon-
sciousness. Father .Moody went on with some
very applicable remarks, but Gol. Ingraham still
pretended not to understand the allusion. Father
Moody grew very warm, and became still more di-
rect in his remarks upon matters ond things. But
Col. Ingraham held up his head as high, perhaps
a little higher than ever, and would not put on the
coat prepared for him. Father Moody at length
lost all patience. " Col. Ingraham !" said he, "you
know that I mean you. Why do n't you hang down
your head ?"

Were the same bcildness and plainness in rebuk-
ing sin now in vogue, which characterized the
pulpit in days of yore, how many men who enter
church with their lieads high, would leave it with
them lowered '.

AGRICVLTUKAI' IMPLKIUK.NTB, Slo

The I'roprietors of the New k^nglaiul Agriciillural VVi
house and Seed Store No. 61 and 53 Norlh Market sin^
wuuld inf'urm Iheir cuslnniers and the pul>lic yeiicrally (U
they have on hand ttic most extensive aseorlnienl of A
culitiinl and Horticultural Tofds to be found in the Ud ;
Stales. I'arl of which are Ihe following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs.
300 Common do. do.
200 CuItivalorF.
100 fircone's Straw Cutlers.
60 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellers.
60 Common do do.
2o0 Willis' Seed Sowars-
60 " V'egelible Cullers
50 Common do. tio.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1600 Doz- Scythe Stones.
30(111 '' Austin's Rifles.
JIarch 17.

100 doz. Cast Steel Shoi
ISO " (Common do.'
lou " Spades.
600 " Gra.«9 Scythes.
300 " Patent Snailhi,
200 " Common do.
SUO " Hay Uakeo.
200 " Garden do.
200 " Itlanurc Forks.
300 " Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chains.
100 " Truck do.

100 Draft do.

6U0 1'ie up do.

60 doz. Haller do.
1000 yards Fence do.

23 Grind Stones on rolM I '^

SEEDS FOR HOT BEDS.

The subscribers offer for sale a great variety of Ve|
ble Seeds desiralile for the Hot bed, as follows',

cl

Hootier Conrersntion. — "Hullo, stranger! you
appear to be travelling."

" Yes, I always travel when on a journey."
" I think I 've Been you somewhere."
" Very likely ; I have often been there."
" And pray what might your name be?"
" It might be Sam Patch, but it is n't."
•^llave you bjcn long in these parts .'"
J«"Never longer than at present — five feet nine."
"Do you get any thing new ?"
Yes, I bought a new whetstone this mornin

Nonpariel Cabbage.
Early Hope do.
Early Synol's Ciicuml>er.
Fine Long Green do.
E^g Plant.

Early Cauliffower.

" Broccoli, of sorts.
Celery, superior torts.
Sweei Marjoram.

Forsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., at the New a»
land Agricultural Warehouse, No 51 and 62 North Mark
Street, Boston. March t.

FLiO-'WER SKEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 62 North Mi
kel street, offer for sale iheir usual variety of Flower Set^
comprising all that are desirable lor culiivation.

Boston.MarchOlh, 1842.

FOR S.41JE:,

A few pairs of Mnckay and Berkshire PIGS, from t a
lonihsoU. E. PHIN.NEY.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TY'H rP CMAIKS.

Just received by 600 Chains for Iveing up Cattle.

These chains, introduced by E. H.' Dkhbv, Esq. of Sdn
and Col. Jacqdep, for the purpose of securing cutile lot
. 1 .1 ^ I . ^ .1 1 . ui I T 7 ' stall, are found Ir l>e the safest and most convenient a»

"I thought bo: you are the sharpest blade I vc of fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

seen on this road." — .V. Y. Mechanic.

The following remarks of the Boston Courier,
contain more truth than poetry :

" Were not Christianity a divine institution, and
the object of the special care of an overruling De-
quires that you should take up a handful of snow, j ity, it would long ago ha\e been driven from the
nnd rub his face as briskly as you can, till the rosy face of the earth, by the follies, the absurdities, the
blush returns. Sometimes you may see two Rus- hypocrisy, and the atrocious wickedness of its pro-
sians on meeting, stop simultaneously, and fall to fessed advocates."
rubbing each other's face for dear life. A newly |

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chain.t, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRJSCK & OC
No. i2 North Market si.

imported Englishiiian has been known to resent
rather roughly so unceremonious an act of kind-
ness, of the importance of which ho has not be-
come aware, but the usage is one with n-hicb the
stranger seldom remains long unaciiuainted. The
eyes also are liable to become inconvenienced by
the severe cold. Icicles form about the eye-lashes,
and gradually become large enough to prevent the
suflforcr from seeing with any comfort to him-
self. In such cases, it is considered allowable to
enter llio first house at hand, and demand perinis-
Bion to thaw oneself, leaving a tear of gratitude on
the hospitable floor, in acknowledgement of the fa-
vor received.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, «iW|
For sale by J. BRBCSl

for Fences or other purposes
CO., No. 62 North Market st.

iiprim

SITUATION WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a rrgllvit
' As a science, religion consists in a knowledge I prenticeship in Europe, and has hod seven years' expala
,1,. -1 .-. I... /-<-i._j . . :„ , in this country. The best ol reference given. AddMI

"This is too serious a mntter to make light of,"
as the whale said to the man who was dipping oil
out of his head.

of the relations between God and man; as a prin
ciple, in the exercise of the corresponding alTfC-
tions ; as a rule of duty, in the performance of the
actions which those afTections prescribe."

True glory, says Pliny, consists in doing what
deserves to be written, writing what deserves to be
read, and making the world better and happier for
having lived in it.

D. at this office.

Maltkl

Tiie Picayune tells of a fellow whose counte-
nance is so uncommonly ugly that he is afraid to
sleep alone.

The clergy live by our sins, the doctors by our
diseases, and the lawyers by our follies.

SVN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo'^ro's, Sun Dfsk
very neat and useful article for the purpose of giving iki**
of dny in the garden <ir field. Price 76 cents. Foritbt
J. IIKECK £■ CO., No 61 and S2 Norlh Market St.

NEW F.N<;LANU FARMER.

A WF.K.S.LT PAl-KR.

TorniH, $2per year in orfrance, or|'2 .10 ifnolfo
within thirty days.

N. B. — PoBtmaslors ore permitted by law to fltMl'
subscriptions and remittancci for newspspcri, wit''
expense to subscribers.

TSTTLI AMD DCKHETT, PKinTKRt.

A N I) II O U T I C U L T U R A L K E G I S T E II .

PUBLISHED Br JOSEPH BRECK ft CO., NO. 63 NOKTH MARKET STREET, (Aobicoltdral Wa»hocii.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

>L.XX.l

BOSTON, WEONKSn.W KVKNINO, MAY 18, 1812.

J NO. tn.

N. E. FARMER.

MAKING BUTTRR.

Tlio fullfHTin^ mcllioil of making butter is prnc-
rd in a count)' iii SoDlland, long t'umous for the
ccllonce of ita butler : —

"The milk is set in cellars arclicil over with
ck work, deep and cool, somcniiat re-semblini
:li vaults as are best adaplPd to krcpinit wine in
>pcr order. The teinpcraturc of the air in win-
as well ns sun\iner, is nearly from 5A to fiO of
hrcnhoit's thernionietcr. They arc paved with
! ordinary tiles or with brick^■.
Wlion there is any rcasen to apprehend the heat
nclralinj into the cellar, the vent holes are stopt
th straw during the heat of the day.
lo the winter they take care that the cold should
: pet into this cellar, by stopping the vent holes
like manner in frosty weather.
The door of these cellars, and the vent holes,
juld be either on the north or west side ; the
}r is often within the dwelling-house, but al-
ys in a room where r.o fire is kept.
Neatness and cleanliness are so very 'sential
this cellar, that no wooden utensils, boards, &c.,
• suffered to be in it ; because as these would
.n rut in such a cool place, a disagreeable and
sty smell would issue from them.
Not the least dirt is to be seen either on the
if, the edges of the air holes, or on Uic tloor :
1 in order to preserve this neatnes.n, the pave-
nt is frequently washed, and nobody comes in
bout putting on a pair of slippers which stand
dy at the door.

The persons who have the care of the dairy, put
in on there, first pulling off their ordinary shoes ;
least smell other than that of milk, which
luld be perceived in the dairy, would be thought
injure the quality of tlie butter, and would nt-
)uted to the wnnt of care in the maids.
Cleanliness is thought so extremely necessary
wards the having good butter, that in Sa.xony and
varia they rub and wash the cows before they
k them, if they happen to have laid down in the
.v-house.

The vessels in which the new milk is put, are
then dishes scalded in hot water, in order to
; off the stale milk that may be soaked into their
jstance. The stale milk is an invisible leaven,
•ugh welt known, which sours the new milk,
nstant experience has discovered this inconve-
■nce. These dishes arc fifteen inches wide at
! top, six at the bottom, and six inches deep,
icse dimensions 'are from outside to outside ; if
ly were deeper, it would be hurtful — if they
re wider, it would be inconvenient.
The milk is brought from the pastures in the
loden pails or earthen pans in which it was milked.
All copper vessels are esteemed dangerous lo
used in a dairy. The milk is suffered to re-
lin quiet about an hour on the dairy floor, till the
ilh is gone off, and the natural heat it had, has
itted it It IS then poured into the dishes through
liieve, so that no hairs or dirt may remain in it.

I The difhes arc sot on the lloor of the dairy, af-
I ter it has been well cleansed ; the coolness of the
' place coniinunicatcs itself to the dishes, and pre-
: vents the milk from curdling ; for every thing thai
is done in the dairy, is in order to hinder the milk
from curdling and growing sour in summer before
the cream is taken off: and in the winter, to pre-
vent the dairy from being so cold us that milk
should be frozen, or that the bolter should bo with
ditficully made, on account of the cream having
been chilled.

'I'ho dishes being in this manner filled, are left
twentyfour hours, and sometimes less, on the dairy
door; they are then skimmed ; they should not be
left longer, because the cream would lose its sweet-
ness, becoming thick, and the milk under it might
I curdle and gmw sour; and where this is the case,
no good butler can be expected.
I The skimming is performed in the fallowing
; manner :

I The maid gently raises the dish, laying the lip
I of it on n large pan, and with her finger's end, she
I divides the cream near the lip of the dish, in such
! n manner that the milk which is underneath, may
be poured off into the great pan through this divi-
sion, leaving the cream by itself in the dish.
I All the dishes which are set at the same time,
are in this manner at the same time, emptied, and
;all the cream is put together in proper pans, in or-
der to bo churned at the appointed luiur.

If the weather is tempestuous, very hot, or in-
clines to thunder, the cream arises apace, and the
milk will quickly curdle and grow sour, but this
must bo prevented in this manner: as soon ns the
dairy woman hears the the thunder at a distance,
she runs to the dairy, .-tops up thej«ent hoU's, cools
the pavement by thro'vmg down spine water, and
then skims nil the dishes wherein tlw cream has
risen a little.

In some extraordinary cases the crcapi rises in
less than twelve hours.

When the milk is thus drawn off from beneath
the cream, by stooping the dishes, within a space of
twenty hours nt farthest, tlm buttermilk which is
in the cream, is not in the least sour, niui the same
may be said of the skimmed milk. This last be-
ing then a very thin liquid, no part of it remains
in the cream, so that there will be no danger of the
cream souring in four or five days, whilst it is kept
in the dairy before it is churned."

CROWS.

Mr EniTOR — I noticed in your Farmer of Sat-
urday, May 2d, 1840, a method of driving off crows,
by catching one in a trap. This is a cruel way of
treatment to the poor crow taken. It also operates
to the general disadvantage of the farmer for the
lime that the crows absent themselves, as, if
permitted to remain about his premises, they would
doubly repay for all the injury they cominitled.

People are beginning to be sensible of the great
losses which they have sustained and arc sustain-
ing, in their crops, by the great and wanton destruc-
tion, of late years, of all kinds of birds.

It is a well known tact that birds live on wcirniH
and insects. It is also well known that insects
and worms live on vegetables. If, therefore, we
destroy the birds, which live entirely on thn worms
and insects, wo so far protect the worms and in-
sects, whorcby our crops arc so much more destroy-
ed. Why should wo knowingly and deliberately
do a iWinix having a direct tendency to the destruc-
tion of our crops, on which we depend for the sup-
port of ourselves and our stock.

Probably the greatest cniiec of enmity lo the
crow, is that he pulls up the corn. This to be sure
is some vo.vation. But this trouble is easily reme-
died, and to the advantage of the farmer too. Soak
the corn in some liquor that is unsavory to the
taste of the crow, as saltpetre, pickle, tar water,
then sprinkle some flour of sulphur among it, and
the crow will not eat it. Whenever he finds that
the corn is not palatable, ho desists from pulling it
up, for he does not work for mischief, but for his
own support. When he finds he gels nothing for
this kind of labor, he leaves it, and betakes to some
more hopeful employment. Scatter a few kernels
of this unsavory corn about upon the ground, and
after tasting a few of them, he will not meddle any
farther with them.

Tha great and increasing complaints which are
abroad in the land, of the dreadful ravages of worms
and insects, is owing mostly to the destruction cf
the birds < f all kinds, especially the crow. The
opposite policy ought to have been pursued — that
of protecting, encouraging, and domesticating ns
far as possible, all kinds of birds. And it is won-
derful what a provision Providence has made in
this department of nature's work. The insects
and worms, and the birds come and disa[>pcar at
the same lime.

Perhaps friend K., after thinking this matter
over again, and with a better deliberation, will ad-
vise his brother farmers, not to trap and kill the
crows, and will also adopt n different policy him-
self. I will conclude in Mr K.'s own words : " Try
it, Mr K., try it, farmers, and rid yourselves and
your neighbors of the tormentors," the worms and
the insects Yankee Farmer.

To Relitvt Choking. — The following method of
relieving neat cattle when choaked by a turnip or
potato, has been tried and found successful in eve-
ry instonce. Pour into the throat of the animal,
from a junk bottle, a pint or so of lamp or sweet
oil, nt the same lime rubbing the throat briskly
with the hand. Immediate relief will follow. —
Southern ^gricul.

Cheap. — To convey an idea of the low price of
provisions at Cincinnati, says the Republican of
the 9th ult., we mention the fact that 90,000 lbs.
of bacon, hog round, good country cured, was offer-
ed for sale yesterday, at 1 1-2 ct. per lb. without a
purchaser. The highest offer made was 11-4 ct.
per lb.

Doing good is Ihc only certainly happy action of
a man's life.

362

x\E\V ENGLAND FARMER

MAT 18, 184S.

For the N. E. Kariner.

IMPORTANCE OF UNITING PRACTICK

WITH SCIENCE AND OP OBSERVING

NATURAL OPERATIONS.

Mr Editor — The researches of scientific men
and llie application of chemical principles will, we
doubt not, at eoine future period, reduce the art of
agriculture to a state of far (;roater perfection than
lilts yet been attained. Kut wc think theorists
should not ti:0 strenuously insist that scientific
rules shall iinmediutely jjovern all priiclice; they
should be slow to denounce all the recurniiionda-
tions of merely practical men, aa nothiiifj better
than " tra<h." All science has resulted from inti-
mations {,'iven in practical life, and what li'.d been
proved in the results of often repeated eiperiinents,
will in most eases prove a much safer rule to gov-
ern the practice than one deduced fr<3m analoyiral
reasoning. The chemists of Europe eeem to attach
more' importance to this idea, than some of our own
countrymen. They recommend caution to farmers
in extending experiments on principles not clearly
proved useful in experience. Choptal, after di-
recting for years the labors on a large estate, and
in connection ifith deep philosopiiical research, says,
" I feel that the facts which I have been able to
collect upon various subjects, are still insufficient
for the establishment of indisputa-ble principles re-
garding them." He says again, '' Writing fcjr the
agriculturist, I have often borrowed his language,
and nearly always relied on his experience for the
truth of the principles I have advanced." And
again — " Example is the only lesson profitable to
the husbandman ; when one is placed before his
eyes and his reason is convinced of itu goodness,
he is not slow to follow it; and by no other way
than this can improved methods of agriculture be
introduced and propagated." Would that nil our
chemists, like Cliaptal, carried theory into practice,
and labored rather to prove the correctness of prin-
ciples in the results of experiments, than lo reduce
suddenly all practice into conaistency with specu-
lative principles.

Additional theoretic knowledge is wanted, and
would prove highly conducive to the prosperity
and happiness of the gteat body of our agricultu-
riats ; but to att(.'mpt th« communication of it mere-
ly througli mandates from the closet, is very like
an attempt to abolish suddenly southern, slavery
through northern preaching. We must make a
more direct approach to the husbandman ; we must
go with him into hia fields, and show him there the
evils he is suffering in consec|uence (jf wrong man-
agement, and tho powers of knowledge to remove
tlioso evils. If we bo ourselves nothing more than
noviciates in science, still we can do something in
tho relation of our own experience and suggestions
we shall be able to make, in aid of our neighbor's
research and his pursuit of use()jl knowledge.

What is moat essential in the cultivation of the
earth, is, through the kindness ofiVovidence, made
obvious even to cursory observers. it is, like the
most interesting truths of our religion, made so
plain that he who runs may read. The operations
in nature are continually proving to us what opera-
tions with our hands will conduce lo the increased
products of our fields. Wc see the sand-hill car-
ried by the winds and rains into the valleys, into
the mud and peat swamps ; on the edges of the
swamp, where there is a proportional mixture of
the mud and sand, we observe a luxuriant vegeta-
ble growth. Hero our instruction is complete.

We have sstisfactory proof of the utility of pene-
trating these swamps, removing the redundant mud
on to sandy fields and supplying Uie place of it in
the swamp with sand from the hill. This simple
process, if farmers could be induced to engage in
It only so far us comparatively leisure days might
allow, would in a very few years put a. new and
more inviting aspect on the face of our country.
It would efieclually remove occasions of travelling
every spring fifteen or twenty miles for a load of
salt hay, to keep the breath of life in a few half
starved animals, and also occasions of going south
or west for corn lo keep families from famishing.

The mixture of the swamp und sand-hill wc re-
gard as the farmer's fir.^t lesson. There are other
lessons not less clearly enforced in operations und
appearances in nature, to some of which attention
may hereafter bo invited. M. A.

Mmj Oth, 1842.

From tho Union Agriculturist.

ODDS AND ENDS.

Heilginfr. — From all of my observations during
my last summer tour, I am led to put very little
faith in this mode of fencing, unless it flourishes
better upon the prairies than in any other part of
the United States. It is with extreme regret that
I am obliged lo ucknowlodge that I have never yet
seen a single instance where hedging has answer-
ed a good purpose of making a durable fence. I
doubt whether an instance can be found v/here it
has lasted as long after it came to maturity, as it
took to bring it to maturity. In Delaware, I saw
great quantities of hedging, and a groat portion of
it offered about as much protection against a drove
of long nose hogs, as so much in extent of cobwebs
would do. And allliough rails were seven or eight
dollars a hundred, farmers were compelled to give
up the hedge fence and use rails. The ditJicully
is in the climate or soil, for I saw numerous in-
stances where it had been planted and tended with
the best of skill of experienced English hedgers,
hut they could not prevent the blight or worm from
destroying the tlioin, any more than we can pre-
vent the same cause from destroying the plum tree.
Permit me to advise your readers that further ex-
periments are useless. Jf they would fence their
hind with live fence, they must seek sonic other
live thing beside any of the family of thorns, or
they will surely bo pricked in a fender place. Cot-
tle can be cheaply fenced against, sheep can be
tended by a shepherd, {one for a whole neighbor-
hood of small sheep owners,) and hogs must be
confined, before our prairie country can be brought
under cultivation.

Locust and many other trees of rapid growth,
could bo set a few feet apart, and upon them nail
strips of boards that would make a sorter live fence.

Chesnut, 8yc»more, cotton wood, locust, butter-
nut, or white walnut, black walnut and elm, could
either of them be planted so near to each other,
that while small they could be loppsd down and
twisted together, and would very prohably make a
good fence against cattle, and by proper constant
trimming every year, might be prevented from
spreading so as to be troublesome. So much for
hedging. Now for

J)ilchin(r and lUut Grass. — Notwithstanding all
the failures in making "sod fence," I am still con-
fident that our extensive proiries will aoine day bo
found without any other resource than tho earth

itself. When coal or peat can be liad, brick wii
be used. But when the land is well set m li'u(
grass, there will bu no difficulty in making a feiici
of ditch and bank, the sides of which will be steel,
enough to stop cattle, and the blue grass sod
tough as to prevent the frost from throwing it do
This sod will flourish on the almost porpendicH
pidcs of a bank, 4 feet high and 4 feet thick, whii
independent of the ditch necessarily made in m
ing tho bank, is suificicnt to stop any well bi
cattle, and will be found moro durable and less
pensive than hedging. If these are facts, it is
porta nt that this kind of grass be early introdu
And if they are not facts, I should like to be
rected, for this is one important object lo be gai
by an interchange of opinions through your ci
.unins.

Scraps of Time -How very wasteful we

of these odds and ends of one of the good thina
which we never can replace, after they have onci
gone by upon thair fleeting course. We shouU
not only work to teach our children, but ourselves
•to use these scraps for some useful purpose. To
spoak in a phrase that all occupants of log cabin
will understand, I will say, that a newspaper is tbt
best chinking with which to fill up the crackM of
time that so often occur in our common occupatioa
And they will serve to keep out a deal of the fool
winds of tho world that are so apt lo blow upon tht
unoccupied mind.

Even now at this vary time, this scrap is penned
to fill up a little space, an unocqupied moment, to
do H Inch I stand by a western window with my
shert resting upon my hand, while tho beauty of t
clear winter evening twilight, enables me to say,
this little scrap of time is not entirely lost to ill*
world or nie. Who knows but I may have doM
some one a scrap of good, in this scrap of tho o<Ul>
and ends of time. And perhai« this very icrl^
will be read a thousand limes at just such a mpl
menl, and as the light fades away lill the eyi
grows dim over tho page, will not the mind be ii
a proper train to reflect that so fades away life,
and him that would be useful and happy while lift
lasts, must not put off the beginning of a good
work until the twilight of life.

Twilis;ht on the Prairie. — And now, so soon the
light of joy is gone. Hast thou never observed
that tivilight upon tho prairie is much shorter ihao
in a timbered country .' It seems but a few abort
minutes after the shades of night commence, be-
fore all is blended in one dark mass, and yel thi
time between sundown and dark is (juite lengthy.

And now for you who are tired of^ twilight medi>
tations, that word lengthy occurs at a fortunaW
point ; for like other tedious prosers, I needed cau-
tioning to remind me that I was getting lengthy,
and being so reminded, I will just remind you that
I am the odd end of an old acquaintance of youM,
whose name you have before seen Just is it itkll4i
here as the representative of

SOLON ROBINSON.

Iioke C. H., Indiana.

Painting. — Buildings should be painted in mod-
erate weather in fall or spring; Uien the oil will
remain upon tho outside, imbibe the oxygen from
the atmosphere, and form a body with the other in-
gredients. But if pajnt bo put on buildings in hoi
weather, tho wood will absorb the oil, and letM
the coloring matter to wash ofT. The durability
of paint is increased by giving the building a coal
of oil first, letting it dry In.

VOL. XS. NO. 4ft

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

:J63

SALTPICTRK FOR MAMMIE.
Mr O. M. Whipple, of Lowell, in a coinmunicn-
in to Mr Colman upon tho use of ssUpctro an a
nur», Bsys : —

*' tUvini; nit isUnd in Boston harbor, callvd
toctncle laltnJ, and its distance tVoiii land render-
it very expansive to fiirniiih manure Tor it, in
spring of IS'l8 I concluded to try the expen-
nl of iisin£ xaltpctrc as a substitute, and in or-
to teat its ability with some exactness, out of
o acres which had been cultivated lire year hc-
e, half tin acre was set a[>art for tlio purpose of
eiving 150 lbs. saltpetre, which were sowed on
surface and the whole two acres were then
<rei and planted with potatoes. At harvesting,
jund that lliore was an increased crop upon the
}und where the saltpetre had been applied. I
eclod the man in charge to dry 5 hills upon the
and where the saltpetre had been applied, and

0 5 hills where there had been no sallpetri", and
iph each parcel. The potatoes on the ground
ere the saltpetre was applied, weighed 9 Iba. ;

other 4 lbs. : this, it will be perceived, was the
ult of one year's application only. I am inclin-
to think that its influence will be felt more or

the second, or even third and fourth years.
A field containing two acres from which grass
i been taken for eight years, I had plowed in

spring of 18^8, once only ; it was plowed deep,

1 90 rods were appropriated to riila baga. The
d was sown upon the tops of the furrows, wilh-

Miy manure in the drill, and the result wns

I obtained .500 bushels : the remainder of the

d'iras sown to oats, but the crop was mostly

itroyed by the unexampled growth of hog-weed.

■ field has been wholly sustained by the appli-

lon ofsaltpetre upon its surface, previously to

(being plowed, excepting at the time of plowing,

n there was turned in a small coat of manure."

'olman^a Fourth Report.

From ihe Farmer's Journal.

TO DESTROY WORMS,
^e of the most expeditious and effectual melh-
of destroying the ova of insects in the soil, with
ch I am acquainted, is to burn the surface of
soil, in spring. This is done simply by covcr-

ihe spot infested, with combustible materials,
h as straw, dried boughs, fag;;ots, or any other
crial that will burn readily, and set it on fire
a rainy day. The expense is trifling, and the
lit sure.
The ashes lofX upon the soil after deflagration,

operate as a powerful manure to the crop,
other important advantage resulting from burn-
is tho thorough destruction of all noxious
ds, numbers of which are annually disseminated
Ihe winds from the parent stalks, and buried in

fall. Try it, farmers. H. D. White.

f'indham, Me.

To Make Hens Lay Perpttually I never allow

ks to run with my hens, except when I want to
e chickens. Hens will lay eggs perpetually, if
ited in the following manner. Keep no roost-
: give the hens fresh meal, chopped fine like
sage meat, once a day, a very small portion, say
fan ounce a day to each hen, during winter,
rora the time Inserts disappear in the fall, till
\y appear again in the spring. Never allow any
8 to remain In the nest, for what is called neti

tpf^s. When tho roosters do not run with the hens,
and no nc«t eggs are left in the n«st, tho hens will
not cease laying after tho production of twelve or
fifteen epps, (ns they always do ulion roosters and
nest eggs are allowed,) but continue laying perpet-
ually. My hens always lay all winter, and each
from scvenlyfivo to one hundred eggs in succes-
sion. 'l"lu-re being nothing to excite tho niiimnl
passions, they never attempt to set. If the above
plan were generally followed, eggs would bo just
as plenty in winter os in summer. The only rea-
son why hens do not lay in winter as freely an in
summer, is the want of animal food, which they get
ill summer in abundance in the form of insects.
The reason they stop laying and go to setting, al-
ter laying a brood of eggs, is the continual excite-
ment of the animal passions by the mains. ! hove
for severol winters reduced my theory to practice,
and proved its entire correctness. It must be ob-
served that the presence of tho mole is not neces-
sary for the production of eggs, as they are formed
whether the male be present or not. Of course
such eggs will not produce chickens. When these
are wanted, roosters must of course run with the

hens .many Cult. B.

We dissent from the ahovo positions. — Ed. Far.

Qinnce /Sorer. — The quince tree as well as the
apple tree is subject to the attacks of the borer.
The larva of this insect resembles the peach worm;
but it cuts through the solid wood, and iherefort! is
much more difficult to extract. Wi'.h a barbed
wire, we have often succeeded, and sometimes fail-
ed. In a young tree that had been neglected, we
found them so deeply entrenched, ond their holes
so winding, that they kept possession. We then
made a small auger-hole through the heart of the
tree, and filled it with sulphur. A few days after
we found one of them in a dying stale, and no
more filth was ejected. Quince trees should be
examined on this account, at least once a year.

As the pear tree is not infested by the borer, it
has been employed as a stock for the quince tiee,
and if budded or grafted a foot or more from the
ground,- it must generally be safe from such at-
tacks.

The quince tree like the pear tree, however, is
subject tojirt blight ; but only a few inches of the
ends of the branches suffer. Whether this appear-
ance is owing to the more stunted nature of the
tree, or to a different insect, is not positively known ;
but as it is probably caused by an insect, it would
be prudent to cut off the dying tops, and burn ihein.
—Tr^ns. .V. Y. .^gri/rul. Soc.

A Protection for the Defenceless — Many object
to rearing hens on account of their liability to be
carried off and destroyed by tho owls and iiawks.
In some situations, this is a serious objection, as
the hen if suffered to run at large with her chicks,
is almost certain to be lost

But the evil may be avoided. A Guinea lieu, if
suffered to associate with the flock, will at all times
prove efficient in protecting the latter from the
hawk, who no sooner hears her voice than he takes
wings and carries the war into another quarter,
where his murderous propensities for slaughter may
be more easily gratified, and without fear inspired
by so valorous and powerful a foe.

The eggs of these fowls are also highly prized
by some, and meet with a ready sale in our mar-
kets, being much larger than those of the common
hen. — Maine Cult.

POTATOES.

Lime for Manure. — Mr Silas Thayer, of Sharon,
informs us tlint he planted potatoes la«t season on
green sward, without mnnnre. The land hail. been
in pasture IH yuars without plowing. The soil, a
sandy loam. When (lie pulatoos came up ho ap-
plied nearly half n pint of lime to a hill on a part
of the land. Tho limo was air-»lackcd, and had
been long in llinl stnle ; it was applied by throwing
on and around tlic plants, as convenient. Where
the lime was applied, .the crop was one third lar-
ger than on other parts of the land treated in like
manner, and the seed the same. — Fanner's Jour.

" ProfUa of Farming." — In the Albany Cultiva-
tor is an article on this subject, showinj that far-
mers in comparing their profits with those of other
professions, look only at wliiit is left after support-
ing their families, wlicn in reality the whole ex-
pense of the family is defrayed from the profits of
the farm, and all that is added to the improvement
of the farm arises from the profits of the farm also.
Many persons in other avotations do whol is called
a pretty profitable business, and yet they have little
or nothing left at the end of the year, after paying
their family expenses. — Ibid.

Good and Did Tools.— A writer in the Maine
Cultivator illustrates the importance of having the
best implements, by showing that a hand with an
excellent axe, and a handle well hung, would cut
a pile of wood in 12 days, which would require 18
days labur with a poor implement. The difference
in the two implements is supposed to be 72 cents,
and in this one operation four dollars are saved by
the use of a superior tool. This is a fair specimen
of the loss or gain by good or bad management, in
furnishing implements of husbandry — Ibid.

How to Boil Irish Potatoes. — Good and indiffe-
rent potatoes depend very much upon the manner
in which they are prepared for the table. Some
cooks always have heavy, hard watery potatoes ;
while others Xor tho most part have them dry,
mealy and excellent. This difference depends
generally iifon the difference of cooking. The
comrnv>n wayvis to put the potatoes into cold water,
boil them by a slow fire, and cool them us slowly ;
the belter way is to put them in boiling water,
keep up a brisk fire till they are just done, take
them out immediately, throw a wet olotli around
them, and gently squeeze each with the hand till
it cracks open, for the watery particles to escape
in form of steam, then peel them, and they are ex-
actly right By this method, almost any potato
will do well. — Xashville Jlgricul.

Health. — A great number of diseases arise from
checked perspiration, and might be prevented by
timely care. If a person perspiring freely, gets
wet, or litands in a draught of cold air, or lies down
on the damp ground, or drinks cold water, he runs
a great risk of seriously injuring his health ; and
the more relaxed and weaker he is from his work,
the greater is the danger. When wet he should
keep moving about briskly, and never sit in his
damp clothes if he can help it. The sooner a per-
son gets into a perspiration after feeling the least
unwell from its being checked, the more certain
will he be of avoiding a cold or fever. A good
way to induce perspiration is to rub the body with
a coarse towel before a fire. — Selected.

364

NEW E N G L A N D FAR M K R

!IIA >

COMMON SALT AS A MANURE.

G. Salt renders earth more capable of absorbing
live moisture of tlie atmospliere — a properly of llie

Vcrv few experiments Willi salt have been made , , i i„ i, .i,„

•, • .1.;= ,.o„nfr,7 wo bolievc But first mportance, since tlioso soils winch absorb the

Willi any care in this country, wo ueiieve. oiu i r > _ .

since the article is common, and can be tried by
every farmfr, wo hope lo draw attentiim to it by
copying a chapter upon " common salt," by C. W.
Johnson, an Kn^'lish writer upon manures. Many
of his facts and experiments are curious and in-
structive.

"The fertilizing properties of salt, when applied
to land, m-iy be described as five in number.

1. In small proporlintis, it promotes the decom-
position of animal and vefretable substances— n
fact first ascertained by Sir James Pringlc and Dr
Macbridc. Salt, therefore, promotes the rapid dis-
solution of the animal and vegetable remains con-
tained in all cultivated soils.

The recent discoveries of M. Mncairc, with re-
gard to the e-xcretions of vegetables, impart consi-
derable ii\formation as lo the use of common salt
in promoting tho putrefaction of veget:ible sub-
stance in the soil : since it has been shown by this
gentleman that tho brown excretory matter of a
plant is exceedingly m.xious to those of its own
species ; the; salt, therefore, by its presence in the
soil, and promoting the pulrcfaction of tlio excre-
tion, naturally assists in removing the offending
matter ; and in so doing, the excretion, as it putre-
fies, certainly affords nourishment to the plant
which produced it.

2. It destroys vermin and kills weeds, which
are thus converted intfi manure.

3. It is a direct constituent or food of some
plants ; ami it has been clearly ascertained, that if
salt is applied to a soil, then the vegetables after-
wards growing on the land are found to contain an
increased proportion of common salt. All marine
plants contain it in considerable proportions.

4. Suit acts on vegetable substances as a stimu-
lant. Dr. Priestley tried various experiments, all
supporting this supposition. lie added to phials
containing an ounce and a half of v.ater, various
proportions of common salt, from ouejtto twelve
grains, and in the solutions placed varies sprifs
of mint and other vegetables. In thnsc solutions
which contained more than twelve graioe, the plants
died immediately, and the rest died in their order,
to that which contained three grains of salt, •which
seemed to grow as well as the plants growing in
simple water. It was remarkable, however, that
this plant, as well as all those that died in the
stronger solutions, seemed lo floiirish al first more
than those which were growing in simple water,
and that that which had three grams of salt, and
that which had one grain only, continued to live
afler the plants in simple water were dead.

That vegetable substances are capable of being
stimulated by chemical solutions, is well known.
A solution of chlorine in water will make certain
seeds vi^getate which would otherwise rot in the
earth ; and a mixture of camphor, &c., has been
found to bo very beneficial in restoring vitality lo
cuttings of various exotica too long delayed on
their passage.

.'). Salt preserves vegetables from injury by sud-
den transitions in the temperature of the atmos-
jihcre. That salted soils freeze with more reluc-
tance than before the salt is applied, is well known ;
and that crops of turnips, &.C., am preserved from
jujury by the frost by an application of salt, is
fritcr has often

greatest proportion of moisture from the almos
phere are always the most valuable to the cultiva-
tor. 'ItafTord.V said the illustrious Davy, 'one
method of judging of the produdivencss of land."
'I'he following experiments of mine were made with
the object of ascertaining the extent of the increas-
ed absorption of a soil improved by an application
of salt : —

1000 parts of a very rich soil, near Maldon, in
Essex, worth 42,5. per acre, dried at a temperature
of21'2^, absorbed in 18 hours, liy cxpcisure to air
saturated with moisture, nt a temperature of 02 ,
25 parts.

1000 parts of the same soil, which had been
salted with (i cwt. of salt per acre, under the same
circumstannes, gained 27 parts.

1000 parts of tho same soil, salted with 3 cwt.
per acre, gained 20 parts.

The absorbent powers of common salt, compared
with other manures, may bo judged by the results
of the following carefully conducted experiments:

1000 paits of refuse salt, dried at 212'', absorbed
in three hours, by exposure to air saturated with
moisture at 00', 40 1-2 parts.

Under the same circumstances.

1000
1000
1000

larts

of soot gained
burnt clay
coal ashes

36 parts.
29 "
14 "

1000

"

lime

11 "

1000
1000

**

sediment from sa!
crushed rock salt

p.i

ns

10 "
10 "

1000
1000

"

gypsum
chalk

9 "
4 "

The absorbent powers of common salt, therefore,
are greater than those of six other well known ma-
nures.

I will now proceed to give a few of the facts al-
ready ascertained with regard to the use of com-
mon salt as a fertilizer. Salt, it should be remem-
bered, rarely causes the wheat plant to grow larger
or ii'ilnr, but it fills up the ear better, and brings
Ib.i weaker plants forward. We have it on the
authority of Mr Sinclair, that 'salt appears to les-
sen the produce of straw, and increase the weight
of grain.' I have never been able in my experi-
ments, nor ill any I have witnessed, to see any in-
creased quantity of straw, even in cases where
there was an increased produce, by means of salt,
of fix bushels of wheal per acre. I cannot enforce
this too much upon the attention of the agricultu-
rists. Let not the farmer be deceived by appear-
ances; let him have tho salted and unsalted por-
tions, at harvest time, carefully separated and ex-
amined by weight, if the plots are small, or by
measure, if extensive. A few square roods, or
even yards of each, will be sufficient; and ho will
find, on most soils, the result highly in lavor of salt.
The salt should be applied some time before
sowing the seed, not less than ten, and not more
than twenty bushels per acre. In my own experi-
ments upon a light gravelly soil, the u.se of this
quantity of salt per acre, (in 1619.) produced an
increase of five bushels and a half per acre. The
following statement of the result of some trials in
1820, will show how important may bo the result
[to the country at large, by its judu ious application.
Product of H'hcat per acre. Husk lbs.

equally well established. The ^^iicr na, nuc„ , ^ ^ Soil without any mannre for four
witnessed this in his own garden, in the case ol
cabbages, cauliflowers, &c

years,

13 20

2. Soil manured with sUble dung to

tlio previous crop, (potatoes,) 26

3. Soil with five bushels of salt per

acre, and no other manure for
four years, 26

The soil was, in these trials, light and gravel!
The testimony of a plain Essex farmer corrol
rates these results. ' The soil,' says Mr Jai
Challis, of Panneld, ■ that I described to you «
of rather a loose, hollow description, had n d
ing of salt put on it in November, after the ^
was sown, about fourteen or fifteen bushels
acre : it produced at the rate of six bushels
acre more than that which was not dressed, am
m.iy be stated lo be il. per load (of forty bushi
better in quality.'

It is a custom in most counties of Englaji
apply salt and water as a steep to prevent the ral
ges of the disease in wheal, called smut ; the va'
of this is known to almost every fanner. Rce
experiments have suggested, that it may even
of use, when employed in larger quantities,
preventative of mildew — the most dreadful of
numerous diseases to which the cultivated grai
are exposed. Tho experiments of the late
E. Cartwright strongly evidence, that when
and water are sprinkled with a brush upon discai
plants, it is actually a complete cure, even in
paieiitly the most desperate cases. The propdr'
tioii, one pound lo a gallon of water, laid on with i
plasterer's brush, the operator making his casts u
when sowing grain; it is instant death to the fu»
gus. 'I'he lime and expense are trifling. U t^
peared ir. the course of some inquiries made by dM
Board of Agriculture, that a Cornish farmer, Vr
Sickler, and also the Rev. R. Hoblin, were accos-
turned to employ refuse salt as a manure, and tht
their crops were never infected with the rust or
blighU

Experiments tpilh Salt upon Barley and Oati.
In 1820, on a good alluvial soil, at Ileybridgs,
in Essex, in a field of barley, in two experimenU:

Bull
1. Soil dressed with 0 bushels of salt per
acre, and 20 lo.ids of earth and stable
dung, at turnip lime, produced per acre (JS
3. Soil dressed with 20 loads dung and

earth, GO

In the same year, at Sproughton, in Siifibli,
on a sandy barley soil —

BuK
1. Soil without any manure, produced of

barley per acre, S**

8. Soil dressed with 16 bushels of salt [Kjr

acre in Man'h, 51

Oats. — The following experiments were mtii
in 1819, by the late Mr George Sinclair:

;?uiii

1. Oats sown without any manure, 'i8 3-4

2. Salt wiih the teed, (44 bush.) 17 l-<

3. Salt mi.xed with the soil, (44 bush.) 27
In these experiments upon oats, (made upon om

acre,) the <iuanlity of salt applied was evidently lot
great. Mr Legrand states, that in his expcriineoU
upon barley, 'it (salt) gradunlly advanced in iU ef
fects lo 10 bushels, and as gradually diminished t«
40 bushels, when vegetation was stopped.'
7'urnip»—Manf;cl Jf'urzel.
I select from various communicstions, the follow-
ing from Killerton, in Devonshire. In a letlei

\X. Xl>. *(\.

AND n 0 R T f C U L T LI R A r. R EG IS T E R

.^65

list 'Ji'., I8.'(i, Sir Thoiiina AcUiul, U»rt.,
" w itli llio rollaniiij «tate[iiciit ("rom liie

St experiinont I iiimie of sail for manure,

ven aerosol" Iniid fur mmisjcl wiirzel. I

■il out tlio liolJ with carlli, t'.irly licaps lo

i^.. . .!>- Is usually done for lune : I llicn put in

(I iioap .'{:) lbs. of salt, and mixed it well witli
earth, and let it lie a fortni^'lit before I spread
r the hnd ; after that, I plowed iho land three
8 bofcire [ sowed the seed, and I had roots
e 'M lbs. each. Since that lime, I prepared o
of five acres, in the same way, for turnips ;
third part of the Held with lime, one third with;
and iho other piirt with hearth nshes. When 1
eed came up first, the turnips appeared most,
Ismj; where the earth ashes were; but after
lirst month, the turnips did nut grow so fast os
re the salt or lime was; after that time, the
ps, where the ground w,is maiuireJ with salt,
V taster, and the green looked stronj^er and j
or, and at the end of the season was the best
The next year I put the lield to barley ;
where the salt was put, it was the strongest
best crop. After that lime, it was a great deal
ier to work ; therefore I cAnsider it a good
ure for li^ht sandy soils, but not calculated fur
or heavy lands.'

Potiitocs.
here have been various experiments made with
as a manure for potatoes. The jiithor of this,
■^17, on a pravelly soil, at Great Totham, in
X, made the following trials : —

Bitshtls.
Soil simple, produce per acre J20

Soil with 20 bushels of salt in Septem-
ber, 192
Soil with stable manure, 20 loads in the

spring of the year, 219

Soil with 20 loads manure and 20 bush-
els of salt, 234
Soil with 4i) bushels of salt alone, ]92j.
Soil with 40 bushels of salt and 20
loads of manure, 244
he Rev. Edmund Cartwright, of Hollenden
6C, in Kent, in 1804, made various important
I. The soil on which the experiments were
}, consisted of three fourths sand. The re-
of some of them were as follow :

Bushels.
■)il without any manure produced per
acre, 1.57

lit 8 bushels, soot 30 bushels, 240

handler's graves, 9 3-4 cwt. 220

lit 8 bushels, wood ashes 60 bushels, 217
ult 8 bushels, gypsum peat 3(J:B bushels,
lime 121 bushels, 201

lit 8, lime 121, dung 363 bushels, 199

lit 8 bushels, 198

lit 8 bushels, graves 9 3-4 cwt. 195

)ot 30 bushels, 192

resh dung :ir>i bushels, 192

tit 8, malt dust 60 bushels, 189

'ood ashes 60 bushels, 187

lit 8, decayed leaves 363 bushels, 187

alt 8, peat asiics 3&i biishels, 185

aw dust 60 bushels, 184

lit 8, lime 121, pent 363 bushels, 183

lit 8, sawdust 3a3 bushels, 180

• It 8, peat 363 bushels, 178

ecoyed leaves ■76-'j bushels, 175

alia lime 121 bushels, 175

Salt 8. prat .•|i;:) l.iislifl.-., 171

Suit 8, liiiie 121 bushels, ](;7

l>cat 'Mil bushels, ]S9

Kawdust 363 bushels, 1S5

Lime l.'l husheli', l.-iO

■ Uf ten difTercnt manures,' said this agricnUu-
nst, 'salt, a manure hitherlo of an ambiguous char-
acter, is, (one only excepted) superior to them all.
Tho elTi'Ct of the mixture of salt and snot is re-
markable.' The writer of this witnessed the same
result on carrois, where 16 bushels of salt ond 16
of soot were applied per acre.

I'eniiiu.

There is, perhaps, no agricultural use of com-
mon salt more undoubted than in the destruction
of vermin. The effect, too, ia direct, and the re-
sult immediately apparent. For this purpose, from
live to ten bushels per acre ore abundantly siilii-
cient. The ugricnllurist need be under no appre-
hension that the salt will destroy his crop, for 20
bushels of salt per acre may bo applied to young
wheat with perfect safety : I have seen even 2.5
bushels used with advantage.

No person has, perhaps, used salt for this pur-
pose to a greater extent than Mr Busk, of Pons-
bourn, in Hertfordshire. ' I have used it,' said
this gentleman, in a communication to the Jiuthor,
' in this and the last season ( 1830-31,) as a top-
dressing to nearly 200 acres of wheat; having al-
most exclusively in view the destruction of worms
and slugs, with which my land was very much in-
fested ; and this object it very satisfactorily ac-
coinpli-fhcd. Some part of my Innd is light and
sandy, but the generality of it stiff and strong —
well adapted to the growth of beans and wheat.
In applying the salt, little attention was paid to the
quality of the land, or the season of the year ; but
those spots and those times were selected, whore
tho number and ravages of tho vermin seemed most
apparent; and in every situation, and at every
time, the effect appeared equally beneficial. A
little more experience may, perhaps, suggest some
more accurate rule as to season ; hiitl am of opin-
ion that the earliest will, in general, be found the
best; — at any rate, I would ovoid sowing, if I
coulil, immediately after a fall of snow — as snow
produces, on places recently sprinkled with salt,
an unpromising appearance. We sow it out of on
ordinary seed shuttle, at the rate of 4 or 5 bushels
per acre. In the morning, each throw may be dis-
tinguished by the quantity of slime and the number
of dead slugs lying on the ground. The finer and
drier the salt is the better. The positive advan-
tage,' adds Mr Uusk, 'I cannot stale accurately in
figures, but 1 am confident it has, in every instance,
been considerable ; and in some fields it has been
the means of preventing tho total destruction of
the crop.'

For destroying the worms and other vermin in
oats, salt has been successfully employed by Mr
Walker, of Rushyford, in Durham, at the rate of
six bushels per acre.

For the same important purpose salt has been
regularly employed by Mr Archibald, gardener to
Lord Sheffield, at Fitcham, in Sussex ; as well as
for promoting the destruction of weeds. He tren-
ches the ground, and sprinkles it with salt every
winter, and is never troubled with predatory ver-
min. When .Mr .Archibald first came to Sheffield
Park, in 1828, he found the peaches and nectarines
regularly eaten and destroyed by some kind of ver-
min. Getting up early in the morning, he found

it was done by the miails ; which, an soon as tt '
aim was risen, so os to shine with power on t> «
■oiith nspocl, retired back to the northern side.
Ilo iminedivtcly laid a thick layer of salt nlonff the
top of tho wall, and found then, as ever since, tl.ut
it proved a mo^t effectual barrier lo the incumiims
of the moils ; and that it has certainly no bud iii.
Ilueiico upon the trees or fiiiit.

H'lcdi.
Salt has been of late year* used at tho rnlo of
from 20 to 40 biislielti per acre, to kill wccd<i anil
to cleanse fallows, with great advantage ; it also,
in the large proportion no hove iiained, will de-
stroy coarse, sour grass, Slc. ; and ll;ougli for a
time, nil vegetation is destroyed, yet in a short pe-
riod, a much superior turf is produred. If the cul-
tivator can collect weeds, parings of turf, ditches,
banks, &.C., of the most foul description, and spread
evenly on the surface of the heap half a bushel of
salt to every ton of the collection, he will find every
weed, in tho course of a few weeks, killed and dis-
solved away. This plan I have long followed my.
self, on a light gravelly soil ; and upon spreading
this salted mixture, at tho rate of 14 or 15 loada
per acre, its beneficial effects can be troced to an
inch. 1 have principally used it as a dressing for
turnips and oats.

Rrmarks.
On heavy lands, the use of salt has never been
so strikingly advantngcoiis as upon the lighter,
more thirsty upland soils; and that may probably
be accounled for by the absorbent powers of com-
mon salt on such lands being less needed ; at any
rate, on those heavy soils where the corn is usually
partially or entirely destroyed by the worms or
other vermin, salt must be adv.intagcnusly employ-
ed. Tho expense, loo, is trifling, for five or six
bushels of salt per acre is found to be abundantly
sufficient for llic purpose of protection from vermin,
and thus a ton of salt would suffice for eight acres.
The mixture of salt with other well known fertili-
zers, is a question every way worthy of the far*
mer's attention. I olludc to the decomposition
which occurs when it is mixed with lime, ond lo
its excellent effect when mixed with weeds, pond
mud, scrajiings of diielics, &c. ; and to the fad
ihat it has been found to produce extraordinary
effects when mixed with soot, as a manure for
wheat, and ^Bnccially carrot.s. There is hardly »
soil on wliiali. if f rnio form or other, it must not
be an advantageous application ; and if its use has
not hilherto been so general as might be expected,
yet when we consider the difficullieis of the re-
search, and the many sources of error which en-
cumber all inquiries of this description, we ought,
perhaps, not to be surprised that the adoption of
salt has not been hitherto rapid as a manure.*'

A black snake which had discovered the nest of
a woodpecker, climbed up the tree, and putting his
head into the hole, swallowed the woodpecker.
Alas! when he would havo withdrawn, he found
his throat so much distended by his supper, that he
could not get back ; so he died with his length ex-
posed, dangling from the woodpecker's hole — an
admonition to all who passed by, not to get into n
scrape until they had contrived how to gel out of
it — Picai/unt.

Labor to purify thy thoughts: if thy thoughts
are not vicious, neither will thy actions be so.

:^6f)

KEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JIAY 18,1841

i.NK HORTICULTURAL RKOISTBR.

Boston, Wedkesdat, M*» 18, 1842.

THE DAtRY— liUTTER MAKING.

Tlml some dairy women need lo iinpnivu in tin

mOilcK of peiforining llieir part nf the labors upon lli
farm, is, we trust, no uncivil npeecli lo niakw. But
shrtnld you think it 80, we vrill ask wlietli«r tlio butter
that iH broujlil to market is all of o«c quality, and wlicth-
i-r nil ia good? Wliile iome is yellow and fnvti;t, oilier
parcels .nre while n* lord, nnd other* are vorie^ati^d with
gliipes of various hues. Some is goi,d— some indifTcrnnl
— and ^•omn bad. Why this variety.' The rows on
one farm have sweeter nnd better feed than IhoiiB upon
anoiher: this causes s part of the diversity in the butter.
Some rows give milk that affords better butter than that
from olliers;— here is a cause ofdiffercncc. Home dairy
rooms and dairy cellars arc better than others ;— here
loo is a cause of differoncc.

Where the feed is not good for butter making, and
cannot be improved, little can be said in the way of nd-
vico.

Where the cows constilutionally give poor miik, fit
them for the shambles as soon as it can convenienlly be
done, anil prwcure olliers. 3iit before you condemn a
whole flock, keep the m ik nndtcream of each one by
inclfnt leistone week, and ascertain how much butter
she will make, and of what quality. Soniulimcs there
will be a cow from whoso milk it will be nearly impos-
sible to i btain any bultor; and should you get a little,
that little »vill be white and poor. Other cows will give
a fair quantity, but of inferior quality. There is more
dilference in cows in respect lo their buUer-niakiiig pro-
perties, than is dr«amcd of in the philosophy of every
dairy-woman. But the fitness o( each for this purpose
should be a.ccrlnincd. Until you do this, you may be
mingling with the good cream in the churn, BOine that
will yield little if any butter, nnd that will give an un.le-
iirablo color or flavor to the produce from your whole
flock. The Inrtoinelera (measurer* of milk,) or glnsn
tubes of uniform size, into owe of wliirh may be put a
quantity of milk from one cow, into n second nn equal
quantity from another cow, and so on lo the end of your
number of lubes or number of cows, and then set by un-
til the cream has all aiison lo the top — these lactometers
are very convenient insliuinciits for determining the
comparative quaniity of cream lurnished by your seve-
ral co^va. Buforc llio milk is put into iho tube, let all
that the C3w gave ul % milking be well stirred up so as
to give a fair miiiure oCtl>e first and the last drawn milk
If iho dairy room or dairy cellar \* had for your pur-
pose, make u better one if you can ; — if this is out of
your power, you must he content lo eat poor butter at
home and sell at a poor price in the markal.

iiut when all these causes are allowed their full weight
ill excuse for the dairy-women, they d" not justify them
for turningout the halfof llie had buller thai finds its
way to the city. Much depends upon their cleanliness,
judgment and skill. A clean cellar wiih nothing in it
that ran impart lo milk and cream uniileasanl flavor;
clean pails, clean pans, clean churn, clean, fine and dry
salt, are all of them important. The cream should be
removed from the milk bofoio it bieomea sour, and
should bo kept sweet and cool until ii is churned ; it al-
so should be kept cool while you are churninj, and sf-
lerwaids Iho salt should bo evenly worked tn, and ihe
buttermilk all jcorktd out.

We have written in the hope of inducing some butter
makers to change their processes, lo observe the effects

of the changes they may make in their modes, so as lo
improve themselves, and become filled to improve oth-
ers, in the important an of butter-making.

Wliilo your husbands and brothers are seeking to im-
prove the soil and increase the quanlity of milk that
ihey may bring into the house, do you strive lo learn
how you can gel from thai milk the greatest qnanlily of
butti-r, nnd that loo of the best quality. On your skill
here, hangs much of the profit or loss nfthe farm.

Mr Editor — In your last paper you state thai pijTO
ligneous acid and urine sprinkled on peas and cihbages,
will prevent worms from eating those plants. Doubtless
you are correct ; nnd you might have continued, wilh
equal correctness, hy staling that such an appliration
would also prevent your readers from eating those vege-
tables. Your recipe is in very bad taste, in more than
one respect. Q'

dj'We copied the recipe here referred lo from n
New York agticulturul paper, recently started by the
Messrs. Allen. — It seems that some one judges il lo have
bean in bad taste. Il may he so— but we will ask of Q,.
whether the substances on which we all plant, arc not
supposed to be taken up by the plants .' Whether the
plants have not power to reject such parts of our ma-
nures as nre not suited lo their growth .' Whether loo,
any applications ne should make to young pea vines, or
young cabbage plants, would b« more likely lo be found
within the peapod, or in Ihe cabbage head, than the
substances in which the roots of the plants grow ? We
think not. To thus sprinkle our peas or cabbages after
they are grown, or nearly grown, would be in bad taste ;
but if wo cannot trust to the living powers of ihc pea In
purify or reject whalover olTunsive is applied to it be-
fore it blossoms, or the cabbage to purify or reject what-
ever is applied to that before il begins lo head— then we
should be ekepiioal as lo their power lo grow palatable
when their roots riot in matters offensive. — Corruption
feeds us all, re we may know, if we chootu to look back
and see where our food comes from ; but it may be wiser
not to look. When the bee is sucking at tho flower,
il will do to open our eyes, hut when tho same gatherer
of sweets is loading itself ni some other places, where il
often goes, it may be belter lo close them. Perhaps the
hiialhen potentate was wise who ordered the microscope
to be broken bscause il revealed to liini the inhabitants
of tho water upon lii< table. Our business is to help to
leach how palatable things can be oblained in the greal-
est abundance. — If tho peas and cabbage tasto well, it is
best to ask no qnrslions, for the answer might spoil their
flavor : if they should not lasle well, then perhaps the pro-
ducer ini!>lit have done gomclhiiig in " bad taste." The
less said and the liii-s thoiiglil upon tho point suggeslc.l
by Q.., tho belter will the dinner Oe relished.

THE UlRUS AGAIN— CROWS,BI.ACKBIRDS,&r.

We have recently wrillan, nnd inssrled much that
others have written, in favor of sparing the birds. We
did this wilh a dinliiicl knowledge and rememhrance,
thai crows and blackbirds often make sad and provok-
ing ravages in the cornfields soon after tho corn comes
up. A few crows will sometimes pull up nmst ot tin)
corn on an acre of ground in a few days. Bui this is
the only season of the year (the last of May nnd pari ( f
Juno,) whin they do the f.irmers of this vicinity much
ilanyhaim. Their food during the icmaiiider of the
year, consists mostly of worms nnd ulher mailers which
we are entirely willing lo hnvo devoured. Can we ih-
visc any means of preventing their deprodatioiis upon
tho corn ? II we can, and yet can lei them live, we
shall bo profited by their aid in thinning ihe ranks of

gh lo bu f.ighlunnJ hy jcmk "'^
ve have in various plM
IB we can learn, with oB '
This mellmd is lo feed if ■"'

■f 3

■D

other depredators We have km>ni> one to soak
corn in tar water, and thus think lo make it such aa
Would not relish. In this he succeeded : but, the ci
not liking what they ibund, left that untasied, wai
the next hill, nnd tried again. There, findiog Doni
their lasle, they passed on end tried sgain ; and tl
wilh a perseverance worthy of a good causa, ihej
from hill lo hill, seeking for better, until they had ri
the springing crop. Is it not often thus when we
10 keep them away by rendering the corn unpalal
Lines of twine around the field, scare crowa of ti
forms, windmills, &c. &c., are resorted to, and
some affect ; but the birds are not always iiiiii|il" enuo^ S
tx> be cheated, or timid enough lo be ft-ightcneij by scdife
crows. Anoiher melliod w
known a'lopiod, and, as far as
form and complete success

birds lo their satisfiiclion wilh good corn iluiing it,
weeks ivlien they would be able to pull up that whi4
we have planted. This can bo done by sowing a hi!
peck or peck of corn broadcast upon each planted acn
As long as this hisls, it is said, and by those who turn
tried it, the crows will not take the trouble to ]iull||p iii
scratch.

In years past wo have lived where these birds scldoi
are troublesome ; but now we have fields where Ihf;
are ubiinilunl. One pair have built their nest immfd-
alely hy the side of our corn field, and we have reqiMb
ed that ihey bo not disturbed. Wo have so much ai|t
fidenca that they will be of more service lo us in lit
course of the season, than il will cost us to feed lb«
upon corn ^own for iho purpose for throe or four week
that WH are willing lo lake our chance. Our neam
neighbor last year, saved his crop unliarmed, by takil)
this course, though the crows were abundani in hi
fields.

Perhaps some may think that il will cost mueht
feed lliom. Il may be so; — we know nol how mild
Ihey will eat. But as a hen — and she takes in the con
voraciously — consumes only about five pecks per j*a
we have no fear thai two crowa and iheir young — avii
should they have frequent visits, and considerable •
from their kith nnd kin in the neighborhood — ws hai'
no (ears that the expense of feeding ihem vsill be a T«r
heavy tax. A man will earn enough durin;; lh« limei
would lako to put up scarecrows, lo pay for all the coo
ihal Ihey will consume. How much, suppose you, tki)
lako from an acre of ground where their rav«ges«i
grealest .' You have put in a peck of seed. Suppo*
ihej tear up tho whole, and liow much good sound con
would it equal ? Two, or three, or four quarts— »'
know not how much ; but since the corn has ^ermia
led — has become soft — and since the birds often leen
the outside of the kernel hanging lo the sinik, and llkt
only a little of ilio softer and sweeter part from the es«
Ire of the kernel, we doubt wholher if ihey slripped lii
whole acre, they would lake so much food from il ■
would be furnished by three quarts of sound corn. Lib
hens that have been on »hort allowance, we suppose itoj
will eat greedily for llireo or four days^bul we ibeJ^
expect that their appetite would soon diminish, u iW
hen's does, and Ihiil then they may be fed, wilboil
drawing very freely upon ihe corn bin. Thoy ■•
smaller than hens, and probably do not require so mutk
food.

GRAYS SCIENTinC AND PRACTICAL AGRI-
CULTURE.
Alon7o Gray, A. M., Teacher of Chemlilry, *•• »

Phillips .'\<ademy, Andover, is the author of the tbo'i
work. He has our thonks for a copy. The voliii"
comprises about 350 pages. Wo have had no opp«t»
nily ycl to examine its conlenta.

II.. \x. NO. in.

A X D II I) R T I C U L T U 11 A L II E C, I S T E R .

.'»)t

rilKllMO.VKTIUt'Al..

RriK.clrJIurlllF .Nrw Kntlanil I'linirl.

nge of lh« riioi nioinrtrr ot Iho (ianlciinr Ike |iruprioluni
New Englanil Kiiriner. llriKliion, Mu«. in n ■Imilml
lerly nxpoeure, Tor ibewerk cmling May IS.

I S.A.M. I 12, M. I T.P.M. I Wiiut.

44

•0

41 1

37

60

49

44

61

64

4a

SO

07

39

66

67 1

44

67

4S 1

1 43

6«

62 1

N

E

S.

W.

.S.

R.

N

S.

N

S.

E.

I»<H MHKITK

I'nr lalo 2i>fl llorrcU Poudr.Mle, ai Si ucr l.nrri;!, I,v J.
IlKKCK >V. CO, 61 and 62 Neitli llnrkci St., BotMii. '
May 16.

HISRBACIOVS PI<,VNT8^ '

The iiroscnl iiiiir, i» ihc mosi suiiaMo lor rrmoving Por-
viininl plnnls. The nuli^icrilurs will lurujsh 3ii fine *|i«i'ics
Inr »J, pnckcil in niiiBH, in such ii iiiniincr ihat ihcy can l>e
trnnsportml lo any dieUincv wiih sinlrlv.

April a? JOSlil'H BRECK k CO.

\'<>r »ilc III ih.. Ajjricullurnl Wnrflioinc, No. 62 .\oilh
Market Hfeec, u lerif utiorlmrnt of Dnuhlc i>nhliai of ilio
Unc.l mrirlicii. Ji siil'll UltKCK & CO.

Iloolnn, May .1, IHK.

WILLIS'S LATEST I.UPnOVKD SRIAD SOVVRM.

ItAIILIA POI.RS.

J08KPH Hiaa-K & CO., od.r for ealc InOO i>i,p,„or
Dahlia PoIm, with the bark pcalcil ofl, in hunnln of ion or
hy thedozen Uokion, May 3, 1842.

Kail'U.N MARKKT.— MoMiAT, M«y Ui, KM'J
Kr|iorl«d furllie .New Knflanil Firniei.

Market 2li0 Urel Catlle, 30 pairi Working oxen,

AS and Calves, and 1300 .Swine.

:>9. — />««/ Cattle. Wo ■|uiHo In corrp«i>ond wiilj

pck. A few exlra $.'> ".'V a (i 00. Kiist qtinlit\
) n 5 TS. Secimd qualily, $5 H a 5 50. I'liiii

U 50 a 5 75.
•'rkiug Ojto.— Sales 70, 82, 88, 90. !)."), and $108.
ici ,iHd Calves. Dull. Salea 21, 23, '^5,21), 31, and | |,

ine. —Dull. Lots lo ppddle 3 a 3 3-t Tor gows, and
3-1 for barrows. Lots to close, somo of which
Urge, 3 1-2. At reloij, from 4 to 5 I 2.

irHOLE$.\LE PRICES Cl'IlHENT.

Corrected uWi great ctirc, wceklij.
ZVS. Herds Grass, 02 75 to 3 00 perhushel. Red Top,
60 cents. Clover— Northern, II to 12c.— Southern, 9
Klai Seed, »2 00 per hujliel. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb.
J Seed, (4 60 a 6 00 per liushnl.
I\1N. Corn— Sales yellow rouud, £6 n es Delaware
i6 a 47.

LIN. The arrivals this week have heeu 20,000 bush-
lite Com, 40,000 do yellow lat and lo.noo do Oais.
ole sales of l&,S0O bushels New Orleans S4 a 55, and
c per hushel. Oats, Delaware 46, and North River
yc, 73 a 75c per bushel for northern.
I — .\orthern. bushel 63 lo69— do. Round Yellow 66
do. Southern Flat Vcllow C3 a 64 —White do. 59 b 60

!y — a Rye, Northern, 70 a 73 — do. Southern,

— Oats, Southern, 45 a 46— Northern do. 47 to 48 —
per bushel 75 a I 50.

UR. The sales of Genesee, eaily in the week, were
?what advanced prices compared with the closing rales
previous report — S6 56 a 6 62 for common brands, but
cle .«oon fell tn present quotations. The sales ."ince
■en about 20iiO bbls. 86 37 a 6 40 per bbl.

imore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S6 56 a do

86 00 a — do. free of garlic, 86 25 a Phila-

do. 4 mos. 8fi 25 a 6 37— Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4
6 12 a 6 25— Aleiandria, wharf mouulain, — — a
lorgetown, 86 25 a 6 75— Richmond Canal, 86 25 a 6 SO
:ity, 87 00a 725— Pelersburgh, South side 37 00 a —

There has teen a great
sowinii garden seeds ; thuy

i" llie best pos.sible man
ditriculty in machines foi

are very apt lo clog up, and the faTiner might go over an
acre o( hind and not sow a single seed ; but not so with
this ; It is so consirucicd that it cannot possibly clog.
In using this sower, the farmer can save one half of
his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter the
expense of the co.mnoii way of sowing, and have it
done in a much better manner; it opens the furiow,
drops Iho seed, covers it over and rolls them down.
It will ROW any kind ofGarden Seeds ; say Kuta Itnga,
Alangil Wurlzel, Turnips, Carrots, Beets, Parsnips, On-
ions, 4-0. For sale at the New F.ngland AgriciillurnI
Warehouse mid Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North Mar-
Let street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.
April 20

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH,

Great improvemenls have been made the past year in the
form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould binrd
has been so formed as to lai/ the furrow nomplclelv oner

.-,. -. „ .. '^''""'S' 'ncrcri/ particle of grass or stiMlf, and if aring !ht

'ounlry 86 00 a 6 25— Genesee, common, cash, $6 37 a h^™"",'' '" "'« best possible mannrr. The Icneth of lh»
io fancy b ' - " - " ■ i ""'•■I'l '■•—' •—■•-- - -— ■ — • *> ■

Canal

Ry

ds 86 60 a — — Ohio
6!2— dodo New Orleans, cash 85 75 a 6
4 OU— IndiaT Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 25.
VISIO.NS The public sales are 160 bbls Western
ork, 8t 12 a S 26 per bbl j 100 do Prime 83 75 a 5 75,
I do Shoulders, pickled tS n 5 76, do; 200 neck pieces,
25. do do; 70 do Clear, 8S 76 a lu 60, do do ; 10 do
air for exlra, Si I.

•Mess, 4 no. new bbl. 49 00 a 9 60 — Navy— 8^ nn a
1. 1 , 87 25 a 7 50— do Prime 84 50 a 5 OU— Pork—
;iear, 4 mo. bM. «12 a — —do Clear «10 a 11
ess 6a 00 « 5 50 — do Prime 86 25 a 6 50— do Mess
ler ijtates 7 50 a 8 00.

Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex-
ball not exceeds els. per pound, free. All where-
aiue exceeds 8 cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
3r pound.

I he week sales of fleece Wool have been made lo

■able extent, at » slight improvement on the prices

1 a few weeks since.

or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 43 a 45 c. — Anicr-

I blood do 33 a 40— Do 3 4 do 35 a 38— Do. I -2 do

-1-4 and common do 29 a 31 — Smyrna Sheep,

»0 a 25— Do. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do

Saxon; , clean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —

picked, 12 a 10— Siiiierflne .\nrihern pulled lamb 33

do. 30 a 32 — No. 2 do do do 20 a 23-

o dodo 12 a 15.

S Sales Massachusetts inspection for exportation
?r lb : 17 bales do do sold yesterday dcta. for seconds,
first sorts lOctt. per lb.
n, Mass. 1841 per lb 10 a It.

per toil, 819 to 22- Eastern Screwed 814 to 16
BSEr— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New t to 3.
S, 12 a 16.

mould board has b( n very much increased, so thai the
Hough works wiih Ihe greatest ease, both with respect lo
the hol.lmg and the team. The Committee at the late trial
ol Ploughs at Worcester, sav,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the Plou-hs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say lo
the inquirer, il jour land is mostly light' and casv lo work,
try Prouty & -Menrs, but if yonr land is heavy, hirU orrochi.

BEGIN WITH M«. HnWAUD'e.''

At the above mer.!:uned irial the Howard Plnugh did
more vork. irdft Ihe same piirer of team, than am, other
plough exhibited. No other turned more than iwentysn.-en
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while the
HOKard Plough turned twcnimine and one'half inches, l»
the same pnxrer of learn ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Houghs are much the strongest and most substantially
made. '

There has been quiic an improvement made on the shoe,
or land aide of this Plough, which can he renewed without
having to furnish a new landside: this shoe likewise seciiies
the mould board and landside together, and slrenglhens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from «6 to «15. A Ploiiph,
sufficient for breaking up with four cattle, will cost abonl
810 60, and with culler 9l, with wheel and cutler. 82 60
exlra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Sl.iie
Nos. 51 &. 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

FRUIT, UR.\A.1IK.\rAL THKKn. *e.

KU«5l;nV Of WIMIIM KK.snii.K,

or /',-.,r/i, /V„r, I'lum and Cherry Trrrt.

a collci'iioii unrivalled in nny former year, lor e j-

tensive numbers of fine trees, of new and fiiiesl

kinds. Large addilions of new. valuable, »t

beauiiful, are Jusi received from Europe.

(iooveberries of firsi quality. Apples, Quinces, Grapo

\ in'>, Raspberries. Currents. Sirawberries, 4ic. The new

ubridced and descriplive Catalogue for 1^42, will be seal lo

all who apply.

Ornamculal Trees and .Shrubs, Honeysuckles. «ic. Splen-
did varieties of double yellow Harrison and other Roses—
of Tree P;uoiiies, of Heibnreous I'a'onies, and other flower-
ing Pliuils— of double Dahlias, «tc., Rhubarb of first rale
t kinds, Cockspur, Thorns, &c.

orders addressed to the subscriber, will be promptly
attended to, and Trees when so ordered, will le securely
packed in mats and moss tor safe transport to all distant
places by land or sea, and delivered in ihe city free of cliarge,
lor irnn>portalion liy ihe wagon wjicn i- seni thiiher daily,
or orders nlay be left at the stand, at No. 14 Congress street,
ISoslon. WILLIAM KKNRICK,

Nonantum Hill, N«wtiu>.
March 9. epll2lhjune

GAItUF.N AND FIBLD SEKDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. have received their full supply
of Garden and Field Seeds, which they warrant to be pu»e
and fresh, as follows :

Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
liluo Imperial do.
Marrowlat, ix.c.
While .41tringham Carrot.
Long Orange do.

Early Horn do.
.Mangel Wurlzel Beet.
Sugar do.
long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Ruia Baga.

Turnips in great variety-
Early and Late Beans of
sorts.

SEKD BARLEY, AMD UATS.

For sale at No. 52 North Market St., a prime lot of Sjed
Barley. Also English Oais. J. BKECK&CO.

Boslon, Aoril 6.

AppI*

APPLfc STOCKS.

The subscribers offer for sale 10,000 fin
Slocks two years old.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. Ao. 61 North Market
St. Bosion. April 6.

PEAK AND PLUM STOCkS.

For sale by SA.MUEL POND, Cambridgeport. Also,
Asparagus roots. April 20.

CSKASS tiifKDS.

Noilbern and Southern Clover .Seed— White Dutch do.
— Lucerne— Herds Grass— Red Top— Orchard Grass— Fowl
Meadow Grass— Oat "Grass, &c. Millet, Rape, Canary and
Hemp Seed. Every variety of seed for Agricultural or
Horiicultural purposes, may be obtained at the Agricultural
Eslablisbmcnl, No. 52 North Market street, Boston.

March 9.

FRUIT TREKS.

For sale ^nt Ihe Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass., a
choice co'ltf<*ior ..f Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and Peach
Trees. Alio, r. great variety of Scions cut from fruit bear-
ing 'I'rces... Apply by mail lo the Superiniendnnl.

ROBERT MANNING.

Salem; .April 6, IS42. 3w

C.ADIBKIDGEPURT ArRSKRV.

SAMUEL POND. Nurseryman, Columbia
street, Cambridgeport, Mass. Has for sale a
choice nssorlmenl of FRUIT TREES,
SHRUBS, R O O T S , and VINES,
among them arc the best varieties of Apple,
Pear, I'lum, Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Grapevines, Asparagus,
Rhubarb, Pear stocks, Apple do.. Plum do .Currants, Goose-
berries, Raspberries, &c. Trees ol an exlra size always oo
hand. March 23.

APPLE SOIO.\S.

The subscriber can supply very large and thrifty scions
of the following kinds, Baldwin. Greening, River, Porter,
Nonesuch, I'entmain, Swcelinjs, lit. iVc. Also, a few of
the choice kinds of Peart and Plumt. Orders left at J.
BRECK &. Co., or at the counting room of the subscriber.
66 Washington si., Boslon, or sent by mail, to Brighton, will
be promptly attended lo. JAMES L- L. F. WAttRf N.

April 6.

§.fi8

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

MAY 18. I8<a.|

MISCELLANEOUS

THE BLIND BOY.

BV HISS HANNAH F. GOULD.

Oh ! lell Dio the rorm oFilie summer air,

Thai losses so gently tlio <;iirls oT my liair ;

It breathes uii my liji, nnd it fans my warm cheek,

Ynt gives ma no niiswi-r, though often I sptak.

I Tci'I it piny o'er roe lerresliing and kind.

Yet 1 caiiiiot toacli it — I 'm blind, oh ! I 'in blind !

And music, what is it ? nnd where does it dwell ?
I sink and 1 mount with its cadence and swell ;
While touched to my heart with its deep thrilling strain,
fill ple.isure, till pleasure is turning lo pain.
What brightness of hue is with music combined ?
Will »ny ono toll mc .' — 1 'in blind, oli ! I 'm blind !

The perfumes of (lowers tint are hovering nigh,
What are lliey .' on what kind nf wings do they fly i'
Arc not they sweet angels, that come tn delight
A poor little boy that knows nothing of sight.'
The sun, incon and stnrs are to mo undefined —
Oh ! toll me what light is — I'm blind, oh ! I'm blind !

A Good 'Vn. — ()!J Governor Saltonstali, of Con-
neclicut, who flouriiiisd some forty years since, was
a man of some humor, as well as perseverance, in
eflccling the ends be desired. Among other anec-
dotes told of him by the New London people, the
place wlieri; he resided, is the following.

Of the various sects which have flourished for
ihcir day, nnd then ceased to e.\ist, was one known
as the Rc';(.r»fles, so called from their founder, a
John, or Tom, or some other Rogers, who settled
not far from the goodly town aforesaid.

The distinguishing tenet of the sect, was their
denial of the propriety, and " sciipturalily" of the
form of marriage. They held that the union of
a man and a woman as husband and wife, should be
0 matter of agreement merely, nnd the couple
should come together and live as man and wife,
dispensing with all the forms of the marriage cove-
nant. Th(! old Governor used frequently to call
upon Rogers, nnd talk the matter over with him,
and endeavor to convince him of the impropriety of
living with Sarah ns he did. But neither John or
Sarah would yield or be convinced. Ttwas a.mat-
ter of conscience with them — they were very h%ppy
together as they were — of what use then could a
mere form bo .' Suppose they would thereby es-
onpc scandal ; were they not bound "to take up
the cross," and live according to the rules they
professed ? This was their reasoning, nnd the
Governor's logic was powerless.

He was in the neighborhood of John one day,
and meeting with him, accepted an invitation to
dine with him. The conversation as usual turned
upon the old subject.

" Now, .To!i|i," says the Governor, afler a long
discussion oi" llje point, " why will you not marry
Sarah ? Have you not taken her to bo your lawful
wife ?"

" Yes, certainly," replies John, "but my con-
•cicncc will not permit mo to marry her, in the
forms of the world's people."

"Very well. Hut you love her .^"

" Yes."

" And respect her .-"

" Yes."

" And cherish her, as bone of your hone, and
flesh of your flesh ?"

" Yes, certainly," replies John.

"And you, Sarah, have taken John lo be your
lawful husband ':"

" Yes, certainly 1 hive."

" And you love him, and obey him, and respect
him, and cherish him ?"

" Certainly, I do."

" Then," cried the Governor, rising, " in the name
of the laws of Cod and of the Commonwealth of Con-
tiecticut, 1 pronounce you to be husband and wife !"

The ravings and rage of John and Sarah were of
no avail — the knot was tied by the highest authori-
ty of the State, and they were legally married in
Sfnte of their teeth. — Selected.

A " Smith" mistaken for a Lord. — Lord Mor-
peth has of late been the " lion" of New Orleans.
'I'he Picayune says that the other day an odd look-
ing individual was slrolliog along St. Charles street,
when a wag pointed him out as Lord Morpeth. All
the loungers commenced immeiiiately falling in
behind, and following in his footsteps. The man
had scarcely walked three squares before there
were fifty curious persons moving along with him.

AGRICVLiTURAI. IMPLBMEKTS, Ac.

The I'ropriclors of the New Kneland Agricultural 1
hoiisi- and Seed sllore No. 51 and 5-2 North Markelsll
would iiit'urm llieir customers and the public ijenerally^
they have on hand the niosi extensive assortment of A
culluial and lluriiculturnl Tools to l>c rmmd m the Dj
Stales. Pari of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

loodnz. Cast Steel Sboi

Iron Ploughs.

150 '• Common dl

300 Common do. 6o.

100 " Spades.

600 " Grass Scythe*.

200 Cullivalors.

100 fireene's Straw Cullers.

300 " Patent Snailhl

50 Willis' do. do.

200 " Common do.

100 Common do. do.

600 " Hay Rakes.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden do.

Shellers.

200 " .Manure Korki.

60 Common do do.

300 " Hay do.

2..0 Willis' Seed Sowers.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

50 " Vegetable Cutlers

100 " Truck do.

50 Common do. do.

100 Draft do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.

SOO Tie up do.

200 Grain Craillcs.

50 doz. Halter do.

100 Ox Yokes.

1000 vards Fence do.

1500 Doz. Scythe Stones.

25 tiriad Stones on td

30110 '• Auslin's Kifles.

March 17.

1

SEEDS FOR HOT BEOS.

The New Era relates a story of a farmer whoso
son had been a long time ostensibly " studying
latin," in a popular academy. The farmer being
not perfectly sali-sfied with the course and progress
of tiie young hopeful, recalled him from school, and
placing him by the side of a cart one day, thus ad-
dressed him. " Now, Joseph, here is a fork, nnd
there is a heap of manure and a cart; what do you
call them in latin ?". " Forkibus, cartibus et ma-
nuribus," said Joseph. "Well, now," said the old
man, "if you don't take that forkabus pretty quicl-
nbus, and pilch that maiiiiribiis into that cartibus,
I 'II break your lazy backibus." Joseph went to
workibus forlhwithabus.

I'nrsale by JOSEPH BRECK & CO., al the Newfti
land Agricultural Warehouse, No SI and 62 North Mut
Slrett, Boston. Marc

The subscribers odor for sale a Croat »ariety of V(
ble Seeds desirable for the Hot bed, as follows,
before, behind and all around him, and all most im- Nonpariel Cabbage. I Early Cauliflower.

.■ ,1 1 ■ r I 1 . f . o. II Early Hone do. " Broccoli, of »orl!

pertinently scanning him from head to foot. Still ( [,.„,,J, sj.„'„,,, cncnmhcr. Celery, superior sons

the crowd kept swelling, each telling the other j Kino Long Green do. Sweci Marjoram,

that was Lord Morpeth, until the man began to i ^i^ P\»ai
grow pale nnd look excessively alarmed.

lie looked at the mob around, growing thicker
every moment, with a stare of t!ie strangest bewil-
derment, and, to all appearance, seemed just about
to knock two or three down and run for his life,
when one man elbowed his way up to hiin, peeped
into his face, and exclaimed with sudden astonish-
ment—

" Why Smith ! i.s it you ? They told me you
was Lord Morpeth !"

The crowd was instantly taken with a leaving,
each one looking daggers al his neighbor for hav-
ing been so prodigiously gulled.

FIiO\l'ER SEEDS.

JO.SEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 62 Norihlli
kcl slrecl, oifer for sale their us.ual variety of Flower Sect
comprising all thai are desirable for cullivation.

Boston, March 9tb, 1842.

FOR S.\LE,

A few pairs of Mackay and Berkshire PIGS, from Ik
months oil. E. PHIN.NBY.

Lexington, Feb. 9.

TYF. rP CHAINS.

Just received by 600 Chains for Iveing np Cnttle
These chains, introduced by E. H.' Dekbv, Esq. ol 9Ui
and Cnl. Jacqurs, for ihe purpose of securinj iiUllelol
stall, arc found tc be the safest and mo^l convenient 0*
of fastening cows and oxen to the siancliion.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Drnfl Chains. For talc by J. BRECK kOC
No. C2 North Market st.

FENCE CHAINS.

Just received from England, 10,000 feel Chains, >iiiii
for Fences or other purposes. For sale by J. BIU I I
CO., No. 62 Norlh Market si. April 1

ijiim Color. — A religions society in Connecticut,
met to decide what color they should paint their
meeting house. Some proposed one color, and
some another. At Inst says one, " I move we paint
it rum color; for deacon Smith has had his face
painted that color for a number of years, and it
grows brighter and brighter every year." — Seleclid.

Why does the present year resemble the year
before last.' Itccause the year belore last was
1840, and this is eighteen hundred nnd forty tnn.

An Irishman cautions the public against harbor-
ing or trusting his wife Peggy, on his account, as
he is not married to her.

SITUATION -WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a irgatoi)
prenlieeship in Europe, and has had seven years' tx\
in ibis country. The best of reference given. Ao
D. at this oltice. Ha

SON DIALS.

Just receivcil a few of Sheldon & Mo»<rc's, Sun DiA
very nenl and useful article for the purpose ofgiving th« W
of day in the garden nr field. Price 76 cents. Fortibl
J. BRECK 4- CO., No 61 and 62 Norlh Market St.

aifiii

NEW F. N G I, A N 0 FARMER.
A wei:klt paper.
Torma, $2 per year in advance, or$2 50 ifB<H*
within thirty days.

N. B. — Postninst»rs are permitted by law to fttMm*
•iibscriptions and remittances for newspaper*, V*
expense to subscribers.

TeTTl.B AHD DEKHETT, PHIRTBk*.

liil

A N I) 11 O U T I (; U L T U R A L R E G I S T E R .

PUULISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO. 82 NOUTIl M.MIKET STllKK.T, (Aohicoltuhai Wa.ehodmO-ALLEN PUTNAM, EIJITOR.

(1..TV.1

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY EVENING, MAY 25, 1842.

[RO. «T.

N. E. FARMER

DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS.

kVe take the following extracts from Dr. T. \V.
: v.iluablo Report on tlie Insects of Massa-
sctts : —

Cucumber Bug. — The pupa state of aome epe-

occurs on the leaves — of others, in the ground ;
son^e of the larvee live aUo in the ground on
niots of' plants. This is probably the case
1 those of tlie cucumber beetle. This deslruc-
insect is the GnUruca viltala, or striped Gale-
1, generally known here by the names of striped
and cucumber bug. It is of a light yellow
r above, with a black head, and a broad black
icon each wing-cover, the inner edge or suture

hich is also black, forming a third narrower
)e down the middle of the back ; the abdomen,
greater part of the forc-lcgB, and the knees and
of the other legs are black. It is rather less than
fifth of an inch long. Early in the spring
!Vour3 the tender leaves of various plants. I
r fi'und it often on those of our Aronias, ^me-
hier hutryapium and oralis, and Pyrus arbiUifo-
towinls the end of April. It makes its first
•ar.ince, on cucumber, squash, and melon vines,
it the last of May and first of June, or as soon
16 leaves begin to expand ; and, as several
ids are produced in the course of the summer,
ny be found at various times on these plants,
he latter ar«j destroyed by frost. Great nuni-
i.f these little beetles may be obtained in the
mn from the flowers of squash and pumpkin
^, the pollen and germs of which they ore very
of. They get into the blossoms as soon as
atier are opened, and are often caught there
le twisting and closing of the top of the flow,
and, when they want to make their escape,

are obliged to gnaw a hole through the side
eir temporary prison. The females lay their

in the ground, and the larviB probably feed on
dots of plants, but they have hitherto escaped
-esearches.

arious means have been suggested and tried to
;nt the ravages of these striped cucumber
es, which have become notorious throughout
ountry for their attacks upon the leaves cif the
mber and squash. Dr. B. S. Barton, of Phila-
lia, recommended sprinkling the vines with a
ure of tobacco and red pepper, which ho stated
' attended with great benefit. Watering the
; -RTiili a solution of one ounce of Glauber's
in a quart of water, or with tobacco water, an
ion of elder, of walnut leaves, or of hops, has
highly recommended. Mr Gourgas, of VVes-
ias fdund no application so useful as ground
er of Paris; and a writer in the American
ler, extols the use of charcoal dust. Deane
nrnended silting powdered soot upon the
8 when they are wet with the morning dew,
others have advised sulphur and Scotch snuff
applied in the same way. As these insects
IjAr night as well as by day, and are attracted by

lights, lighted splinters of pine knots or of staves
I or tar barrels, stuck into lliu ground during the
[night, around the plants, have been found iisi'ful
in destroying these beetles. The most elfcclu.nl
preservative both against ihrnc insects and tlii;
equnlly destructive black tiea-bectlcs which inlVst
the vinos in the spring, consists in covering the
young vines with niillinet stretched over small
wooden frames. Mr Levi Bartlett, of Warner, N.
H., has described a methoil for making these
frames expeditiously and economically, and his
directions may be found in the second volume of
the New England Farmer, page 305, and in Fcs-
scnden's New American Gardener, under the arti-
cle Citcttmber.

The cucumber flea-beetle, above mentioned, a
little, black, jumping insect, well known for the in-
jury done by if, in the spring, to young cucumber
plants, belongs to another family of the Chrysome-
lian tribe, called IlALTrcADj;. The following arc
the chief peculiarities of the beetles of this family.
The body is oval and very convex above; the tho-
rax is short, nearly or quite as wide as the wiug-
covcrs behind, and narrowed before ; the head is
pretty broad ; the attcnna^ are slender, about half
the length of the body, and are implanted nearly
on the middle of the forehead; the hindmost thighs
are very thick, being formed for leaping; hence
these insects have been called flea-beetles, and the
scientific name Hullica, derived from a word signi-
fying to leap, has been applied to them. Tiie sur-
face of the body is smooth, generally polished, and
often prettily or brilliantly colored. The claws
are very thick at one end, are deeply notched to-
wards the other, and terminate with a long curved
and sharp point, which enables the insect to lay
hold firmly upon the leaves of the plants on which
they live. These beetles eat the leaves of vege-
tables, preferring especially plants of the cabbage,
turnip, mustard, cress, radish, and horse-radish
kind, or those, which, in botanical language, are
called cruciferous plants, to which they are often
exceedingly injurious. The turnip fly, or more
properly turnip flea-beetle, is one of these Hallicns,
which lays waste the turnip fields in Europe, de-
vouring the seed leaves of the plants as soon as
they appear above the ground, and continuing their
ravages upon new crops throughout the summer.
It is stated in Young's Annals of Agriculture, that
the loss in Devonshire, England, in one season,
from the destruction of the turnip crops by this
little insect, was estimated at one hundred thou-
sand pounds sterling. Another small flea-beetle
is often very injurious to the grape vines in Europe,
and a larger species attacks the same plant in this
country. The flea-beetles conceal themselves dur-
ing the winter, in dry places, under stones, in tufts
of withered grass, and in chinks of walls. They
lay their eggs in the spring, upon the leaves of the
plants upon which they feed. The larva; or young
of the smaller kinds, burrow into the leaves, and
eat the soft pulpy substance under the skin, form-
ing therein little winding passages, in which they
finally completely their transformations. Hence
the plants sufier as much from the depredations of

the Inrvm, oh from those nf the beetles — a fact that
has too often been overlooked. The lorvii; o( the
larger kinds are said to live exposed upon the mir-
facc of the leaves which they devour, till they hove
come to their growth, and to go into the ground,
where they are changed to pupa;, and soon ofler-
wnrds to beetles. 'J'ho mining larvie, the only
kinds which are known to me from personal exami-
nation, are little slender grubs, tapering towards
each end, and provided with six legs. They ar-
rive at maturily, turn to pupa;, and then to beetles
in a few weeks. Hence there is a con-itant suc-
cession of thoso insects, in their various states,
throughout the summer. The history of the great-
er part of our Halticas or flea-beetles, is still un-
known ; I shall, therefore, only add, to the forego-
ing general remarks, descriptions of two or three
common species, and suggest such remedies as
se»m to be useful in protecting plants fron) their
ravages.

The most destructiue species in this vicinity, is
that which attacks the cucumber plant os soon as
the latter appears above the ground, eating the
seed leaves, and thereby destroying the plant im-
mediately. Supposing this to be an undescribed
insect, I formerly named it Hultica Cucnmeris, the
cucumber flea-beetle ; but Mr Say subsequently in-
formed me that it was the pubtscens of Illiger, so
named because it is very slightly pubescent or
downy. It is only one sixteenth of an inch long,
of a black color, with cloy-yellow antenna; and
logs, except the hindmost thighs, which are brown.
The upper side of the body is covered with punc-
tures, which are arranged in rows on the wing-
cases: and there is a deep transverse furrow across
the hinder part of the thorax.

The wavy-striped flea-beetle, Hallica striolata,
may be seen in great abundance on the horse rad-
ish, various kinds of cresses, and on the mustard
and turnip, early in May, and indeed at other times
throughout the summer. It is very injurious to
young plants, destroying their seed leaves as soon
as the latter expand. Should it multiply to any
extent, it may, in time, become as great a pest as
the European turnip flea-beetle, which it closely
resembles in its appearance, and in all its habits.
Though rather larger than the cucumber flea-beetle,
and of a longer oval shape, it is considerably less
than one tenth of an inch in length. It is of a pol-
ished black color, with a broad, wavy, buflT-colored
stripe on each wing-cover, and the knees and feet
are reddish yellow. Specimens are sometimes
found having two bulT-yellow spots on each wing-
cover, instead of the wavy stripe. These were not
known by Fabricus, to be merely varieties of the
stiiolaln, and accordingly he described them as
distinct, under the name of bipuatulala, the two-
spotted.

In England, where the ravages of the turnip flea-
beetle have attracted great attention, and have
caused niony and various experiments to be tried
with a view of checking them, it is thought that
"the careful and systematic use of lime will obvi-
ate, in a great degree, the danger which has been
experienced" from this insect. From this and oth-

370

NEV/ ENGLAND FARMER

MAT 89, I84a.

Br statements in favor of the use of li.nc, there is LOVE OF THE COUNTRY AND ITS OCCU-

good reason to hope that it will effectually protect]
plants from the various kinds of tie.) -beetles, if
dusted over them, when wet with dew, in proper
season. Waterinj: plants with alkaline solutions,
it is said, will kill the insects without injuriii;: the
plants. 'I'he solution may be made by dissolvinj;
one pound of hard soap in twelve gallons of the
soap-suds left after washinff. This mixture should
be applied twice a day with a water-pot. Kollar
very highly rceomincnds watering or wetting the
leaves of plants with an infusion or tea of worm-
wood, which prevents the tlea-bectles from touching
thi'iri. Perhaps a decoction of walnut leaves might
be equally serviceable. Great numbers of the
beeiles may he caught by tho skilful use of a deep
bag-net of muslin, which should be swept over the
[♦lants infested by the beetles, after which the lat-
ter may be easily destroyed. This net cannot be
used with safety to catch the insects on very young
plants, on account of the risk of bruising or break-
inff their tender leaves.

PATIONS

To the traveller, what can be more interesting
than to ob.<;erve the industrious and enterprising
farmer buililing neat, comfortable houses, and pre-
paring his lands to bring forth an abundant crop?
Or, on the other hand, what more discouraging and
disagreeable, than to see every thing on the de-
cline— houses rotting down for want of care, fences
levelled, and the fields grown up with briars and

" THE BOOK OF THE FARM."

By Henry Stephens, Editor of the (Quarterly Jon

nal of ,'ifprieullurt.

Seeing the above work advertised by BlacI
wood &. Sons, Edinburgh, we sent out for a copT
presuming that its author would furnish somethil
interesting if not instructive, that might be laid ,
scraps before Yankee Farmers. But we have be
wofully disappointed. Four jnunibers out of l

TREATMENT OF FLY-BLOWN SHEEP.

When the sheep is fly-blown, dislodge the mag-
gots with a knife, and shake a little powdered
while lead into the wound. Do not apply tar to
the abraded surface, as, from its cauterizing effects,
the "ound nill be enUrged, and a repclitjon of the
visit speedily ensured. To ward off the onset of
the flies, various substances noxious to iheiii are
rubbed or poured upon the wool. Tar, in small
quantities, and of pungent quality, is by some
daubed upon the ears, horns and tail. Others pre-
fer rubbing a little melted butter, thickened by
flour of sulphur, along the sheep's back : this is an
effectual preventive. Some, again, preftr dressing
the sheep, wlu-n in low situations, with the follow.
in" recipe: "Take of arsenic, finely pounded, one
pound; potash, twelve ounces; common yellow
doap, SIX ounces ; rain or river water, thirty gallons.
I'.oil the ingredients together for fifteen minutes.
The li(|uid is in no degree injurious to wool. It
cleans and dries tho offensive perspiration of the
sheep, and destroys the smell caused by the dew
in the mornings, or by damp hot weather. In most
situations, one dressing in July and another in Au-
gust will suffice ; but as the e.xpenso is trifling,
and the process simple, it may be better to apply it
luoro frequently, especially in low and damp situa-
tions." 'I'he licpiid is applied only in dry weather
A teapot, or any vessel of a similar form, is filled
with it, and one person pours it on the wool, while
another rubs the fleece to facilitate tho passage of
the fluid. At the times of using the solution, all
•uperfluous wool ought to be shorn from the but-
tocks, but not too closely.

■ When the insects are rery troublesome, drive
the sheep if possible to higher ground. Examine
carefully all wounds and ulcers, howuvrr trifling,
and dress them with any simple ointment contain-
ing a small proportion of sulphur, mercury, or
white lead. Lastly, bury all useless carcasses as
•pecdily aa possible, by which means you will keep
down the number of the Hies.

Ticks are destroyed or stopped in their attacks
boy the same remedies and preventives detailed in
the preceding paragraphs on tho fly. — Blacklork's
Treatise.

N. I'l. Rum and tobacco smoke likewise, will kill
the lick Ee. N. E. F.

bushes ? We easily form a correct idea of a man's twelve have reached us, and they are barren of

pride, judgment or industry, by observing the con- instruction that can be available here, beyond

struction and order of his farm ; for we find at every we had conceived possible. Thinking it probal

step something that excites our admiration in the that mere curiosity to learn a little concerning ti

pursuit of the delightful employment, or we meet classes of laborers on an English farm of ha

with something so disagreeable,' that, for a moment dreds of acres, may help our readers to bear w^

re feel inclined to abandon altogether a business a few extracts, we copy the following accounU

that seems so ill calculated to enlist our energies a plowman, field worlitr, and dairymaid.

either of body or mind. 'I hat farm in the distance !
it presents an appearance of total ruin, and we
might think it deserted, were it not for the smoke
arising from the chimney. We must climb the
fence to get into the yard, and stumble over a pile
of boards, or rails which lie rotting, before we can
reach the house, stoop down as we enter the door,
or our hat is taken off ; then look around upon the
uncomfortable apartment, fast becoming more so,
for the want of a nail or two here, and some plas-
ter there. Outside we sec heaps of all sorts of
rubbish lying about — tools without shelter — out-
buildings worse than miserable — fences ditto. Such
being the confusion of the whole place, we should
look in vain were we to endeavor to discover its
comforts.

Now, (ire such things as these calculated to al-
lure the young to tho pursuit of agriculture? Do
not such scenes rather lead us to form, even while
looking upon Ihein, a distaste for an occupation
which, if correctly followed, affords sweeter enjoy-
ments than any other? By good management,
every man can yield a mighty influence, by mak-
ing valuable and convenient improvements upon
his farm : he thus makes his land more productive,
lie saves labor and time, and excites his neighbor
to order and industry ; cultivates his own taste ;
sets a noble example to his children; secures to
his family a thousand blessings ; and increases the
sources of his own pleasures, — H'estern paper.

Parental Example. — Example is a living lesson.
Tho life speaks. Every action has a tongue.
VV^irds are but articulated breath. Deeds are the
fac similes of soul : they proclaim what is within.
The child notices the life. It should be in harmo-
ny with goodnes.«. Keen is the vision of youth :
every mask is transparent. If a word is thrown
into oi.e balance, a deed is thrown into the other.
Nothing is more important than that parents should
be consistent. A sincere word is never lost. But
advice, counter to example, is always suspected.
Both cannot be true — one is fal.sg. Example is
like statuary. It is sculptured into form. It is
reality. '1 lie eye dwells upon it; tho memory re-
calls it; the imagination broods over it. Its influ
ence enters the soul. Parental example becomes
incorporated with the child's understanding. He
cannot forget it if he would. H it is good, it bless
es : if It is bad, it tyrannizes. The parent may
die, his example cannot. Let life, then, be en un-
blemished picture — a consistent whole. — Selected.

I'liere is no (pialily whiuli cominaDda more re-
spect than integrity.

Til

The Plowman. — "The duties of a plowman I
clearly defined. The principal duty is to tal'
charge of a pair of horses, and work them at even
kind of labor for which horses are employed oni
farm. Horse-labor on a farm is various. It
connected with the plow, the cart, sowing-j
chines, the roller, and the thrashing-mill, w|
hor.se power is employed in the thrashing of col
so that the knowledge of a plowman should Cflj
prchend a variety of subjects. In the fulfilment il
his duties, the plowman has a long day's work Ir
perform; for, besides expending the appoint*!

iirs in the fields with the horjes, he must grooo
tlioi/i before he goes to the field in the morning am
after he returns from it in tho evening, as well ft
at mid-day between the two periods of labor. Kill-'

ilhstanding this constant toil, he must do In-
work with alacrity and good will ; and when, frao
any cause, his horses aie laid idle, he must not on
ly attend on them as usual, but must himself work
at any farm- work he is desired. There is seld»
any exaction of labor from the plowman beyoat
the usual daily hours of work, these occupying i'
least twelve hours a day for 7 months of the year
that being a sufficient day's work for any inao'-
strength to endure. But occasions do arise whjc
justify the demand of a greater sacrifice of htt
lime, such as seed-time, hay-time, and horveil
For such encroachments upon his time, many 0}
portunitiee occur of repaying him with indulgencf,
such as a cessation from labour, especially in bid
weather. It is the duly of the plowman to work
his horses with discretion and good temper, not oi-
ly for the sake of the horses, but that he may eit-
cute his work in a proper manner. It is also ha
duty to keep his horses comfortably clean. Plot-
men arc never placed in siluatinna of trust, ttti
thus, having no responsibility beyond the care H
their horses, there is no class of servants more il-
dependent. There should no partialilv be sbewt
by the master or steward to one ploivinan mor»
than to another, as it is the best policy to treat al'
alike who work alike. An invidious and reprehei
sible practice exists, however, in some parts of (hi
country of setting them to work in an order oi
precedency, which is maintained so strictly aa i^
be practised even on going to and returning froii
work, one being appointed fortinan, whose move
menta must guide those of the rest. Should iIk
foreman prove a slow man, the rest must not go •
single bout more than he does ; and if he is activt.
they may follow as best they can. Thus, whiln
his activity confers no benefit to the fiirmcr beyond
its own work, his dullness discourages the actirit;
of the others. This consideration alone should bt

vol,. XT. 5IO. 4 7

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER,

:ni

fficiPiit ;;roiincl for 'firiiirrs to nlmlisli llio prof-
»t 'Mice, nnd put the whole of their plowmen on
iinine looting. I toon law the evils attendin<;
eystoin, and put »ii end to it on my oirn f«rni.
hOM one plowman displnva moro skill than lln-
t, it n siitKclcnl honor (or him to be intriistod to
eciite ihc most ditlicult pieces of work : and this
■t ot' preference will give no uinbra^je to the olh-
ni lln-y are as conscious of his superiority in
rk ;is iliu farmer himself can possibly be. The
vioes of plowmen are required on all sorts of
m.s, from the carae-farai to the pastoral, on
which the (jreatest and the least portion of ara-
culture are practised.
fYc/(/ irorkers. — Field icorkers are indispensable
vniits on every farm devoted to arable culture,
ey mostly consist of young women in Scotland,
: more freijuenlly of men and boys in England ;
J yet, ther^ are many manual operations mpcli
lor done by women than men. In liand-pickinjf
nes nnd weeds, in filling drains, and in barn
rk, thry are far more expert, and do them more
tly, than men. The duties of field-workers, as
ir very name implies, arc to perform all the man-
operations of the fields, as well as those with
smaller instruments, which are not worked by
ses. The manual operations consist chiefly of
inij and planting the sets of potatoes, gathering
d?, picking stones, collecting the potato crop,
filling dr.iins with stones. The operations
h the smaller instruments are pulling turnips
preparing them for feeding stock and storing
winter, performing barn-work, carrying seeil-
1, spreading manure upon the land, hoeing
itoes and turnips, and weeding and reaping corn-
is. A considerable number of field-workers are
lired on a larm. and they are generally set to
k in a band. They work most steadily under
^niitendence. The steward, the hedger, or
le-man, should superintend them when the band
arge ; but when small, one of themselves, n
1 person, who is capable of taking the load in
k, may superintend them well enough, pro-
d she has a watch tn mark the time of work
rcsL But field-workers do not always work
tieinselvcs ; being at times associated with the
k of the horses, when thy require no particular
•tintendence. On some farms it is considered
lomical to lay the horses idle, and employ the
gliinen at their labors rather than engage field
iers. This may be one mode of avoiding a lit-
luilay of money ; but there is no true econo-
n allowing horses " to eat off their own heads,"
le phrase has it ; and besides, ploughmen con-
possibly do light work so well as field-work-
in manufacturing districts field-workers are
ce ; but were farmers generally to adopt the
of employing a few constantly, and hire lliem
he purpose by the liilf-year, insteld of em-
a large number at times, young women
Id be induced to adopt field-labor as a profes-
aiid become very expert in it. It is steadi-
of service that makes the field-workers of the
h of Scotland so superior to the same class in
r parts of the country.

'Ae Dairy Maid. — The duties of the dairy-maid
well defined. She is a domestic servant, doin-
c Hied in tlie farm-house. Her principal duty is,
er namo implies, to milk the cows, to manage
milk in all its stages, bring up the calves, and
e into butter and cheese the milk that is ob-
ad from the cows after the weaning of the

calves. The other domestics giiicrnlly u.i»i«t her
in milking the cows nnd terding ihu calves, when
there is rf Inrgo number of both. Should any
lambs lose their mother.', the dairy maid should
bring tlioin up with cow's milk until tliH time of
wenniiig, when they are relumed to the llock. At |
the lambing season, choiild any of llie ewes be
scant of milk, tlio shepherd applies to the dairy-,
nmid to have his bottlc.-i replenished with warm
new milk for the hungered lambs. The dairv-
iiiaid al.so milks the ewes after the weaning of the
lambs, and makes cheese of the ewe-milk. She
should attend to the poultry, feed them, set the
brooders, gather the eggs daily, take charge of the
broods until able to provide for ihcnisclvea, and sec
them safely lodged in their reipectire apartments
every evening, and let ihcm abroad every morning.
It is generally the dairy maid, when there is no
housekeeper, who gives out the food for the reap-
ers, and takes charge of their articles of bedding.
The dairy -maid should be an active, attentive, and
intelligent person."

ry iniiHty, and li.mdlcd wet and clammy in the bng«
in which it had been shipped ; exhibiting every
sign of having undergone fermentation during the
paiisngc : and I fiml, upon inquiry, Ihnl a l«rg«
portion of the »opd did not vegetate when sown m
the autumn, the failure arising, no doubt, from this
rniise. And this leads to the question, is not the
nlmosl proverbial ill success attending the growing
crops ofbects, &.C., from imported seed, to bo thuH
accounted for, the general mode of packing for
ship. board being in loose barrels or bags, exposed
to the damp and putrid ntinosphcrc of the hold of
the vessel — which is ollcii leaky — during a pas-
sage of sometimes 1^0 or 00 days ? All which evil
Could be prevented by merely packing in perfectly
air-tight casks — a consideration of very great mc-
ment, but one that by its simplicity will be very
apt to be disregarded, like many other things of
the greatest and most vital importance.

From the Farmer's Cabinet.

CASKS FOR PRESERVING GRAIN.

Mr. Editor — On a late visit to a branch of the
Cooper family, New Jersey, I observed that the
granary, or place for stowing away grain of differ-
ent descriptions, was fitted up with binne in the
shape of very large and strong iron-bound casks of
the usual shape ; and in these, the wheat, &.C. was
preserved for any period, no matter how long, with-
out fear of weevil, grain-worm, or any other spe-
cies of vermin, or damp and mouldiness; the grain
being introduced by means of a funnel through the
bung-hole, winch, when the cask is full, is very
carefully closed and made air-lighl, the hoops be-
ing driven occasionally to cause them to become
so. Now by this very simple arrangement, ihti
whole crop of grain on a farm may be preserved
for years, as perfectly free from dampness or dis-
ease of any kind, as though it had been kiln-dried ;
the convenience of stowage being as great as in
open binns ; the casks standing on low tressels or
sleepers, admitting a bushel measure under, they
can be rolled on to the bung; or the grain might
be drawn off by a large tap made for the purpose.

liy these means, we see how perfectly free from
injury of any description could grain and seeds of
every kind be brought by shipping from any part
of the world ; it is but to enclose them in stout air-
tight casks instead of boxes, bags, or loose barrels,
and no injury need be apprehended from the heat
of the hold or the leakage of the vessel. I de-
clare it seems wonderful that this mode of pa.cking
has not been universally adopted ; the simplicity
of the arrangement must be the cause of its having
been overlooked. And this mode of packing
would be efficient in the preservation of many oth-
er articles, which, i( too bulky for admission
through iho bung-hole, could be performed by re-
moving one of the heads and replacing it when the
cask was full, seeing that the hoops were driven
so as to insure perfect closeness. Thus might
fruit-trees, flowers, and fruit itself, be preserved
during long voyages, and we could be supplied
with the choicest specimens of either, from the
most distant parts of the globe. I very well re-
member that when Mr. ZoUikofer received his re-
markably fine sample of seed cone wheat
from England the last year, that it smelt ve-

KICKINd COWS.

A writer in the Farmers' Cabinet, upon dairy
cows, soys:

" I have found a cure for this kicking disorder,
in its most desperate state. It is merely to place
the patient in a stall with a beam over head, and
fixing a running nooso over her horns, throw the
end of the rope over the beam and pull away, so as
to raise iier head pretty high in the air, but not so
as to lift her legs from the ground : in this position
she will not only be disabled from kicking, but will
give down her milk without the least hesitation.

Ifoof-ail nnd Sore Teats.— Cowa are also liable
to the hoof-ail, as well as sore teats, both of which
are easily cured by the application of white paint
laid on with a small brush ; the body of the paint
acting mechanically in preventing the action of
the air on the sor(;s, and the lead operating chemi-
cally or medicinally in drying and healing them.
Care must however be taken not to apply the lead
to the teats while they are suckling calves; and
afterwards caution must be used at the time of
milking, but no danger need be apprehended in the
hands of careful persons. In inveterate hoof-ail it
might first be necessary, either to cauterize the
sore, or dress with blue stone, after which, and in
all slight affections, white-lead dressing — in other
words, painting the sores will be found sufficient to
effect a cure."

The above prescription may be valuable — but
wo have had no experience to warrant our corn-
mending it. — Ed.

Mildew on Goosehrrries. — To keep off mildew
'some writer says) train your bushes so as to admit
a free circulation of air through them; manure
about the roots, and forget not to sprinkle them
freely with soap-suds before blossoming.

Man brings upon himself a thousand calamities,
as consequences of his artifices and pride, and then,
overlooking his own follies, gravely investigates the
origin of what he calls evil.

" De conkrekation will pleeshe sing de von dou-
santh and two'th psalm," said a Dutch parson.
"There arc not so many in the book," said the
chorister. "Veil, den, pleeshe to sing so many as
tare pe."

Man proposes, but God disposes.

372

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MAT 85, IS4J

IMPROVEMF.NT OP THE SOIL BY FAL-
LOW CROPS. &c.
"The fallow Uino,"says Liebig, "is that period
of culture (luriiiK which land is exposed to a pro-
jrressive diaii\let,'ration by n.eiina of the iniluence
of the iilinospticre, for the purpose of rendering n
certain quantity of nlkaliea capable of being appru-
priated by plants." '

By falluiv crops is meni.t the raisin;: of some
crop on green sward while the turf is decaying, in-
stead of allowing the land to remain a naked fal-
low during this process.

Tlie object then of fallows, ia to procure the de-
cay of vegetable nralters, and the abstraction of al-
kalies from the mineral portions of the soil.

jXuUed fallou-s accomplish both of these objects,
and have been long- practiced both in this country
and in England. The practice with us has been
to plow up grass lands in June or July, and after
cross-plowing and harrowing, to sow with winter
grain in September or October. In England the
land was formerly plowed in the fall, and worked
over during the following summer. In both cases
one crop is lost; but, though naked fallows answer
the intended purpose tolerably well, they are now
abandoned by every intelligent farmer on both sides
of the water ; with the exception perhaps of wet
stiff clayn, which are ameliorated hy e.xposing the
naked furrows to the frosts of winter. 'J'he evils
of the system are more than tipiivalent to the bene-
fitc. The labor is much increased, one crop is
lost, and the vegetable matters are dissipated, by
their exposure to the air during the process of
working the land.

Eullow crops, on the other hand, avoid these
evils, and si'cure greater benefit both to the soil
and the crop.

Process. — 'I'o prepare the soil for a fallow crop,
all that is needed is to plow the green award and
roll it down ; then, after harrowing thoroughly, the
eeed should be sown upon the inverted furrows,
either in the spring or fall. If the land i.s stiff and
wet, the autumn is preferable ; if light and dry, the
spring is tlie best season.

The ulUibj of fallow crops, instead of naked fal-
lows, may be shown by reference to the influence
of growing vegetables upon the soil. The elimina-
tion of alkalies and decay of vegetable matter are,
as we have said, the only objects of fallows.

It may easily be shown, that both of these ends
are much better attained by tilling the fallow land;
for,

1. The alkalies are furnished in greater abun-
dance by this procr;68. It matters not whether the
land is covered by woodi, or wiih some crop which
will take up but few alkalies, such as potash and
phosphateH. Now it is found that several legumi-
nous plants will grow upon a soil, and will abstract
from It but a minute portion of alkalies. The
" Windsor bean {viciafahn) contains no free alka-
lies, and only ime per cent, of the phosphates uf
lime and magnesia." (Kinhof.) "The kidney bean
(phnscotus rii/iTfTm) contains only traces of Hall."."
( liraconnot.) " Tho stem of Inceru {medirn/ro saliva)
contains only 0.8:) per crnt., that of tho lontil (eri'iim
Uns) only 0.57 of phosphate of lime with albumen."
{Crome.) " Buckwheat, dried in the eun, yields
only O.fiSI per cent, of ashes, of which 0.09 parts
are soluble salts." {Liebifr.) Hence these plants
and with others, have been called fallow crops. U
will be perceived that the alkalies which the oxy-
gen ond carbonic ncid of tho air are eliminating
Irom the soil, will be increased ia this case, be-

cause the roots of the crop will permit these agenU lingly simple. It .s evident that what is taken fro
lo act with greater power the soil must be returned to it, or the and will I

The powfr of growing plants to decompose the j impo^erished. We have seen that salts and ge.
rocks, and to eliminate alkalies, has already been | are removed. This process simply restores the
rrequl-mlv referred to ; and as but a small quantity L The green crop being buried deeply m t
of alkali '.s removed by .he fallow crop, the amount ground, soon begins to ferment "nd decay , a 1.
,n the soil is, upon the whole, increased. quantity of organic food is thus added to the

2. It is further evident, that the roots leave in But humus or geine is not the only substance
the soil nearly as much vegetable matter as is car- U^red by plants. 1 hey must have -» kal.es^
ied away in the stalks and grain. This dcf.cien- 2. These are supplied in part by the influ
cy is made up by the influence of growing plants of the atmosphere, the ordinary process of U.sil
upon the humus-of the soil. There is little doubt, gration But this is trifling con.pared w h
b t that decay proceedn much more rapidly when 3. The galvanic effect of the '--ng P ant
th«,soil is tilled than when it is not; and the rea- agency of growing plants has hitherto been o^
on is the galvanic agency of the root, and the ! looked in this connection As the roots fom
fLii^^'y whicMhevoff^rfor'the introduction of airigalvanic battery with the soil, they become
and water, by loJser.ing the soil, lend powerfully I most powerful decomposing agents. Now
" asten the' decay of^humus, or to convert the ! know thai the poorest ^^^^^^^IZtTul
vegetable matters into vegetable food. The fer- ,tain a large quantity of alkalies, potash, lime.
nSion o. the sod wilfbe more complete when locked up in the rocks. 'J hese are drawn inlo
i is turned in deep, and the gaseous products will organs of plants, where as soon as covered
beret ned by the superincumbent earth ; hence earth, ihey exist in a fit stale to nourish f u t ,
vemay draw'an argun^nt for deep plowing, and 1 crops. If then, we can make « P'- e-"" "j '^
-' _ ^ . .... t-._i.. ..r^,^« o,,/.!, cr,i c vvA rnn render them lertlle g

for letting the sod remain until it has completely
passed through the fermenting process.

Turning in Green Crops.— The turning in of
green crops, has long been a reputed source of ren-
dering barren soils fertile. It is well suited to any
soil which requires either to he rendered lighter, or

to be filled with vegetable matter and salts. I''S'>t ' f^pg „„[ only fgsiores what is exhausted by
sandy soils, such as pine barrens and loams which j^^^^^^ ^^^ renders the texture much better fitted
have been exhausted by a long course of cropping | ^^^"^ ^^^^^ ^j. pi^n^g a,,j t|,c goj| itgelf a brltcr
without manuring, are most benefited, while stiff
clays are rendered much warmer and more friable.

Processes. — I. Green crops may be sown for the

upon such soils, we can render them fertile bj
turning in green crops, and thus furnishing the tft
quisite amount of geine, alkalies and salts. '^!i|
soil is loo barren to produce plants, a small coatHS
of ashes will give a start to the green crop, anl
then the soil may soon be rendered fertile.

In case of clayey soils, ihe turning in of gre
crops not only restores what is exhausted by "

the roots of plants, and the soil itself a bntcr
tainer of heat.

In case of dry, gravelly soil.-s, the nddilioi
. - . ,vegttable matttr gives the power of absorbing

purpose and turned in, either before the seed ri- n,„°gj„re „nj equalizing the heat ; li«nce, il pro-
pens (in which case two crops may lie turned 'n|tectsiho plant from the extremes of diy and w«t
ihe same season,) or after the crop is nearly ripe, i^^^^^^^

In Ihe first case, before the ripening of the seed, I xhe importance of this mode of improvement k
the plant derives most of its substance from the al- ! ^^^ ^^Hy f^^^ ,,y ,,„j. farmers. By sowing a fe»
mosphoicj but when the seeds are ma'u"ng. '•• i pomijg of clover seed with his grain crops, tl.c fir.
draws directly upon the matters in the soil. Some : ^_^^,^ ^^^ ^^ constantly augmenting the fertility d
experiments have been made to decide which course j^.^ ^^jj wiihoiit the loss of a single crop ; and evtl
is best, and they incline to the dry crop. If I"'' jf (,ig jands rest a year, and all their produce il
one crop is to he added to the soil, this would be ^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ j|,py ^^n ^p^e than return i
the best process, because it adds o greater amount |'^ ^ ^^^^ years, by the larger quantity and belter
of salts and humus ; but two green crops are bet- ^yj^jjjy ^\- ^^^g^J produclionsr

ter than one dry crop. Buckwheat and oats answer , j^ ^j,, ^^ ^^^^ j^^j fallow crops and the turnio|
well (or this purpose. jn of green crops, are somewhat similar in their in-
2. But the belter course is to save the crop by | flyg^^g ^po^ the soil. Tho object in both cases il
sowing clover with other grain, and the next i ^^ ^^j^^j^^ j^n^jjUgj ^^ g^^Hg ^^d geine. Fallow cropi
spring turn it in; and, having rolled it down, plant ... .... .,.:„„;„.ii.

directly upon the furrows with potatoes and corn. ^

rriie surface then should be tilled with the cultiva- , ^.j ^^^^ ^^ rendered very fertile, without the addi
I tor or hoe, so as not to disturb the sod. Some re- ^^^^ ^j- n,(,„ufos . especially for crops not rcquirini

commend, in this case, to spread a light covering of

compost manure, lest the soil should be too much

cxhausled by the crop.

Now il is found thai the quantity of vegetable

matters added to the soil by this process, will ex-
ceed 12 tons to the acre. Elias Phinney, Esq., of

Lexington, has nclunlly weighed the vegetable

matter in a cubic fool of green sod, from which he |

made an oslimate that one aero contained more

than 13 tons !

Tho best time for turning in green crops, or

breaking up grcen-sward (unless the soil is a stiff

chu,; ia the spring and early part of summer ; be-
cause Ihc sod will become rotted before winti'r,

and will not afford, as it otherwise might, a shelter

for worms, during ihat season, ready to injure the

succeeding crop.

Theory. — The theory of this process is excecd-

^ cropi

yield mostly the former, green crops principallj
the latter ; and by both processes taken togellier, i
soil may be rendered very fertile, without the addi-
tion of manures ; especially for crops not rcquirinf
much nitrogen. — Gray's Scienlijic and Praclicd
Agriculture.

From the .same.

ROOT CULTURE.

Root culture is not only an important meaiiiof
improving the soil in a rntalion system, but Ike
products arc the mrst valuable means of feeding
and fattening cattle, and of producing m»nul»
" It trebles," says Judge Buel, " the amount of ctt'
lie food, and doubles the quantity of manure. It
moreover may bo made to supply a large amnom
of human food."

Tho principal roots suited to our climate, are B«
potato, turnip, carrot, beet, and those usually cultl*
vated in our gardens. Of these the potato hM

\X. \0. 4T.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

378

w iiUn general use. Tlic bed, carrot and (Jio quantiiy or maniiroa ia increased. Manure iM the
edisli turnip are the moat profitable, both as tu |;reat inurce of fertilily. In proporlion, tliercfuro,
ir uilliienrc upon llie soil, and for the value of ns root culluro is made a part of n rotation sysloin,
r products. Tlic Engti:tli turnip ia very valua- wo should expect tlio soils to increase in fertility.

lor an atlcr-crop, and tends to increase the fer- ,

,y of the soil, especially if cattle and sheep are j From th« New Gcncsec Farmfr.

led into the field, and allowed to feed upon , —

lliis means of fertility and of producing a CULTIV.-VTION OF RUTA BAOA.

;o and valuahio quantity of fall or after feed, is Mr KniTon — Iliiviiic: hy cxpcrienco convinced
o.-it "holly neglected by our fanners. How myself that rula bafra and man-el wurlzcl can ho
y It wmild be, after wheat or winter rye, to sow prown snccpssrully in this country, I shall be happy
about the Iwentyfiflh of July, with turnips, and .f apy i|,jn„ \ cn„ say, rimy be the monns of caiis-
Jctobcr a good supply of feed would bo furnish- ,„„ t|,eni to be more genenilly culiivntcd. Vari-
or llie larm stock. I ous rensoi.s I have heard assigned by intelligent

n the cultivation of root crops more attention farmers whv they do not ciiltivatr roots. Uutwhcn
t be paid to the character of the soil and to its i call to mind that in the old country I have heard
Jilion, than for the cultivation of grain crops, similar reasons as.iigncd by farmers, who now grow
henco it is that many farmers who have tried turnips as extensively as their neighbors, I do not
beet and rula baga have failed, by not attend- : despair of seeing root cultivation much increased
to the proper conditions ; but if the conditions ' ;„ this country. Of course, with our severe win-
adhered to, the crop is as certain, nnd much j ters, it would'not be profitable to grow roots to the
= profitable than grain crops. We will now sj,ne extent as in England, but every farmer might
ced to point out the requisite conditions for ; jrmw a few. The objections nrged nre, either that
culture, with the theory of the action upon the ; t|,o soil is not adapted to the crop, or the flies eat
Attention must be paid to the following par- 1 up the plants, or the grasshoppers destroy them, or j
*''^- I it requires loo much trouble and expense. AVitli

The Soil — This should not be too light and regard to the non-adaptation of the soil, the pica j
y, nor too stiff and clayey; a light deep loam is reasonable, but I feel confident that even this j
luvial soil is best adapted to this crop. If the difficulty mav be surmounted. In reading an ac- 1
is wet, that is. if water is suffered to repose count of an agriciUlural meeting in Shrop°shire, in |

the subsoil, the roots will be injured and the i a late English paper, I perceive that the premium i
fail. The soil should be dry, but not subject i for the best crop of Swede turnips or ruta baga. j
might. Depth of soil is a necessary requisite I was awarded to a farmer occupying a very sliffi
eots and ruta bogas, in order that the roots j day farm, and the judges remarked that they had I
have full liberty to penetrate as far as needful never seen a better crop. As the mode of <:ulti

leir perfection
.i rich soil is another requisite to success.

vation of this crop was stated to be novel, the grow.
er was reqnej^ted to explain his plan to the meeting.
is desirable for all kinds of grain, but espe- JThe novelty consisted in manuring and ridging his
' for root culture; for although roots do not ^ land in the fall, instead of the spring. Consequont-
upon soil like grain crops, still there must be j ),,, his stiff soil would be mellowed by the winter's
dant food present, in order to give them that , fjost. The account which 1 saw, did not cuter in-
ty and perfection which makes them profitable j to particulars, but 1 think it would be advisable be-
. It may be that there is something in the fore sowing on the old plowed ridgos, to draw a
itution or vital powers of these plants, which very light harrow along them to gain fresh soil for

crop pay for lhi» trouble ond expense .' I am fully
convinced tli.it it will. Mine, in spite of its onc-
iiiies, produced nearly 19 tons to tho acre ; the
year before I had 38 tuns to the aero in the same
fit'ld. Yours, truly, IJ. M.

A FARMER IN DISTRESS.

A fanner in a neighboring county, who had been
rfoting- for twenty or thirty years, and had made no
iinprovcment by fertilizing his fields, but had gone
on the old-fashioned plan of reducing the staple of
his soil, rcnkeil up a hv/ years since, and limed the
whole of his farm thoroughly, and that with mag-
nesian lime, too. Now, what i!o you think hti
boon tho consequence of this proceeding ? A few
days since, with a sorrowful countenance, he in-
formed the writer of this, that ho had no pasture for
his cowy, and should not have till after harvest.
The reason of so extraordinary a circumstance was
asked ; when he stated, that the field which, accord-
ing to his usual rotation of crops would have been
devoted to pasture, was so thickly set with grass,
of surli a luxuriant growth, that he had determined
to keep it for mowing, in addition to his other mow.
ing grounds. He, of course, hos to feed on hay,
and soil his cattle till after harvest ; and this dis-
asltr has befallen him in consequence of liming
his land and sowing grass seed much thicker than
formerly I The plain fact is, that he has grown so
much grass by his improved system, that he has na
pasture ; his fields ore all mowing ground.

If the writers on the deli'terious effects of mag-
nesian lime, would travel through Burks, Montgom-
ery, Delaware, Chester, and Lancaster counties,
they would witness cffocis of a similar kind with
the aoovc, on thousands of acres of land — land
which, before the application of lime, produced but
very scanty pasturage, but now is first rate mowipg
ground. — Fanntrs^ Cnhintt.

'.rs a large quantity of nourishment necessary
■ir support. They may not possess the power
llecting food, like other plants ; they cannot
■r up the nuiriment so readily, and"hence must
d with richer food. The soil must be finely
rizcd, and, so far as is practicable, freed from
s. This is necessary in order that the roots
not be obstructed; finally, they should be
free of weeds. The ground should be stirred
the cultivator and hoe. If sowed in rows, as
should be, this may be easily attended to with

the seed, and also to destroy any weeds that may
have sprung up. I have seen a branch of a tree
used for this purpose : it would be less likely to
disturb the manure.

As to flies, I have had my share, but they have
never seriously injured my crop. I find the best
remedy is to work your land fine hy rolling and
harrowing, have it in high condition, sow seed
enough for the flies and yourself, and soon after
the plants are up, to sow plaster or ashes over them.
Grassho[iper3 I have found more troublesome nnd
low and cultivator, without the necessity of ; vexatious than flies. Last year, after my plants
ing to the hoe more than once in the season. |,a,i heen hoed out to their proper distances, and
leory oj the Action of Roots upon the Soil. — when I considered them secure from all enemies,
icy divide it better than most crops. 2. They I perceived some of the plants drooping, and on
!n the soil by their roots; and 3. return to examining them I discovered that the bulbs were
>il a larger amount of manure than other crops. I gnawed all round. I rooted amongst the earth all
ree acres of grass, at two tons per acre, will about the plant, but could not discover the aggros-
Icss than 9000 lbs. to the cattle yard, while, sor. At length suspicion fell on the grasshoppers:
ere of ruta baga or beets, will give 36,000 lbs. ■ I watched Ihein closely, and detected thcni in the
>re than four times as much as the three acres act. I then waged a war of extermination against
iss land. It would, therefore, be economy for them. I and another person, with sticks, killed or
rmer to raise roots merely for manure. Hut routed every grasshopper in a field of about two
ne acre of ruta baga or beets (600 bushels,) acres. I wish, Mr Editor, you had seen us in our
early equal to three acres of hay, as food for, shirt sleeves, (for the weather was pretty hot,) pur-
stock ; hence the modes by which roots im- suing our flying foes. After this, I cannot cer-
the soil, are dividing and deepening it, fur- tainly gainsay the trouble of the crop, and they
ig a larger supply of food, which enables the who are afraid of trouble, had better not attempt to
t rr to keep a larger farm slock, by which the grow roots. After all, the question is, will the

Effects of Different Colored Rays upon Fef^e-
tntion. — Plants will grow most luxuriantly beneath
glass of a iilue color. Beneath yellow and red
glasses the natural process is entirely checked.
Indeed it will be found that at any period during
the early life of a plant, its growth may be checked
by exposing it to the action of red or yellow light.

This discovery is announced by Mr Hunt, the
Secretary of the Royal Polytechnic Society, in Eng-
land, who says in reference to it — " Blue glass ad-
mits the bine or chemical rays, to the exclusion, or
nearly so, of all others; yellow glass admits only
the permeation of the luminous rays ; while red
glass cuts off all but the heating rays, which pass
it freely. Yellow and red rays are destructive to
germination, whereas, under the influence of violet,
indigy, or blue light, the process is quickened in a
most extraordinary manner."

" The man that misses sunrise, loses the sweet-
est part of his existence. I love to watch the first
tear that glistens in the opening eye of morning —
the silent song the flowers breathe — the thrilling
melody of the woodland minstrels, Jo which the
modest brook trickles applause — these, swelling
out the sweetest strain of sweet creation's matins,
seem to pour some soft and merry tale into the day-
light's ear, as if the world had dreamed a happy
thing, and now smiled o'er the telling of it!"

There is more poetry in the above ten lines than
is to bo found in ten pages of some of the stuff which
passes for poetry because it 'jingles' well in rythin.

374

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

MAY 85, IM

A.'*!) HOBTICUI/rURAL RKOISTER.

BotTov^ VVeuncsdat, Mat 2S, 1843.

POOR FARMEilS, IIOW CAN YOU MAKE BOTH
EM)ri MF.ET?
The preneiit >ear.will nol, npp irenlly, be a very pros-
peroitf one, wilh many classes of our cilizens who de-
pend mostly upon Ihu labor of their handa for an in-
come. Compared with several jeara in the Inst trn,
this will he, or is ratiior, oniiof stagnation in bnsiness.
Men iif ino.il pursuits, (excepting those who rely upon
salaries, fees or interest money,) will be romparatively
Blrnightencd in iheir circumstances. Tho farmer, espe-
cially i( he is in debt, is among those who Will have to
calculale closely, or he will be falling in arrears.

The productions of his lands ar» not likely to com-
mand high prices. It is true that the produce of the
dairy, as yet, sells readily and at a fair price— but heel,
pork, mution and veal am 25, 50 or 100 per ccni. lower
than in somo post seasons. Hay, grain, potatoes, &c.
.Vc. arc not high ; and if the cropi should bo good the
coming season, prices will probably be low. Interest
money, where it must be paid, taxes, blncksniith's bills,
and those due other mechanics, will be nearly as high as
ever. Wages, wii believe, have not fallen in the same
rntio ns most arlii les produced upon thefiirin; those
farmers therefon- who hire help, will be pl.iced at (iisad-
vantagc in this re-^pect. But West India goods and
clotl s arc low — these articles, which must be bought,
have liillen nearly or qurto as much as the produce of
the larm. Hut since thece are not a very heavy item in
the faruier's expi-n-es, the balance, on llie whole, is
agaiosl him. He cannot reasonably expect to make
much money. If he can "hold his own," lie will do
well, under the circumstances. This he will not do
unless he and his family are economical and industrious.
The expenses, especially for luxuries, dress, &c., should
bo kept at the lowest point. The lands that have been
planted should be faithfully tilled— every thing that the
land produces must be taken good care of, ;ind all proper
and justifiable methods adopted for making llie salts ae
great as possible, and the outgoes as sin.ill. These re-
marks are for that large class of farmers who aro in
debt, and those likewise who have their farms clear
but nothing more.

RlCllKK FARMF.KS AND OTHERS, WHAT
SHALL VOU DO.'
To such as are more afiluenl, we should not profTi-r
■uch adviie as the above ; for in doing it, we should be
•dvancin;: principles which if rigidly adhered to, might
for tho lime being, greatly curtail the employments and
incomes of wheelwrights, carriage makers, carpenters,
pointers, miisons, manufiicturers, sliopkcej.ers, &c. Sic.
If the business of these is greatly diminished, they must
retrencfi in the amount of farming produce which they
take, nr must run in debt for much that the farmer likes
not to part with but for cash. Such an operation would
■nulhei year, convert many mechanics into farmers.
The nunilier of produrcrs would be increiiscd, and the
number uf purchasers hssened. Tliis vmuld be prejudi
cial to the farmers. It is only whun oilier classes in so-
ciety aie prosperous, that fanners can flourish.

Therefore all farmers and others who can afibrd it,
■nd yet b.i just to tlicir creditors and families, act ihe
port of good citizens, if they choose the times when husi-
iness is dull, to erect and reframe buildings, |u rorl.iim
and inipioio lands, lo get now carriages, new imple.
menls, new dresses, &c. &c. Tlius lh"y give employ
ment to many who would otherwise fare hard— tliui

they hulp many to means willi which to pay the farmer
I for his surplus pinduce.

PROTECTIVE DUTIES.
With a few temporary exceptions, the int''r.'sts of all
large classes in the corniiiunily rise and fall together.
Let nnnnfactures flourish, and many hands are with-
ilrawn from the field to the workshop — and the mouths
which go with those hands, must be fed by the labors
of those who remain upon the farms. This ci uses an
increased demand in proportion lo the supply ; prices
rise, and llie fanner is better reinuneraled for his labor
and investments. Business at such limes is usually
brisk in all its channels — mechanics, traders and all, find
full employmi-nt.

The farmer's pursuit is the most important to human
subsistence, and tho fanning population, by their num-
bers and wortli, stand first among the classes. Their
condition is the one lo claim ihe first and highest re-
gard— but when we come lo consider the question how
their inlereals can hi: best promoted — (we refer to pecu-
niary interests) — it i-^ obvious that the causes which
make the best market for their produce, aro the matters
tu be most regarded in obtaining the correct answer,
tjutli commercial regulations by the nalional government
as will make the best home market for all that we raise,
promise more Lenelit tliaii any thing else that can he
brought to bear upon the subject

A discriminating tariff may lay duties upgn either
raw materiiils or mauufaclured goods, or both. A duty
upon a raw material, as wool, for instance, may, ;)cr/w/)*,
I benefit the American farmer directly, by c:iusiiig a less
supply ill the market; but there is a drawback to this
benefit. The exclusion of a million pounds of foreign
wool fioni our market, iiiiglil increase the price of wool,
and 80 benefit the svool groiver here — but it would turn
out from lactoties the hands necessary to manufactuie
that wool, would cause tlieiii to become farmers, and
thus lessen tlie nunibi.r of consumers compared wilh the
producers of agricultural productions. Again, this mil-
lion pounds shut out from our market, would lessen the

bor better now than at most other seasons of the y^
and if furnished with the propnr materials, will bo ej
diliously preparing your manure for the fullowing yj
Have n quantity of material near the yard at all (in
so that a small quantity may be thrown in every
dajs through the warm season — In this way
much manure— but not ton much — for there is a limitl
yond which it is not profitable to shovel in and out.
every thing becomes (:ood manure by being thp
within the walls that confine the pigs. If well tend
one swine will make in a 'twcdveinonth two cords I
a half or three cords of manure. Seldom is it profit
lo try to get more than that, and if Ihe matter pull
the sty is not quite good for the purpose, it is belter ,
to get so much.

THE FROST.

On the night of Friday last (May 20,) there OCCI
a more severe frost in this region than is usual so li
the season. Our labors in the city called us away (^
the fields this morning before the sun exlracled
frost, and consequently before it was possible to d
mine whether much harm would be done to young plin;
and fruits. Since the morning we have remained i
the city, and of course can have no observations upoi
the subject to record.

When we left the farm, between five and six o'clock ■
the fields were white as with thu whitest autunM ^
frost-, the grass was crisp under the fiiot, the surraefM II
the ground in some spots was slightly crusted, and ib^^
was a thin coating of ice upon small pools of water.

What will be the effect upon fruiis and plants.'
ny of the farmers are apprehensive of extensive
ago. Wo suppose that cueunibers, melons, squ;
and beans may have been destroyed — but this lost
though inconvenient, is not heavy with those who bar
seed wherewith to plant again. Corn and ponlot
when nipped, will usually start again and do well
Fruit in blossom we do not apprehend will be injund
For we never yet have known an instance in which

1

were satisfied that fruit had suffered harm from a sfriti
price of wool in Europe, and thus enable the English } pj„g, \Y'e have known seasons in which warm soult

manulaclurer lo luiiiisl
now. A duly upon tin

eriy winds, blowing while the trees were in fiill blooi
have dried up the farina and stopped the fiirmiilion >
setting of fruit. And at this time we should bo as mud
disposed to believe that harm was done to the fruit J;
the warm winds of 'I'liursday last, as by the frost of Fn
day night. But we do not yet appreliend serious bin
from either to the hurdler fruits.

But what power of resistance In cold the pnacli*

loths at lower rates tli
aw material alone, would let
the price of cloths down so that our wool would not rise
much. "Onch.'ind would wash the other;" perhaps
they might not be equally clean, but ihere would be but
lillle dillerence.

Indirectly , through the manufacturer, the farmer may
get usurer promotion of his inlerests. A duty which
I should exclude from our maikets most of the manutac- I cherries, cuiranis and the like possess, afltr the fruit
lures of Europe, und multiply inaiiulactuiing establish- fjornied, and the hluisom has wiiheted, we have no nt
ineiils here, would create ill our midst a demand for ng- 1 jsfactory observations on which to give our opinioa
ricultural producls of all kinds — would increase Ihu I w^ however lliiuk it great. Even where the Ittw
value of our hinds, and in every way conduce to the I 1,^,^ wilted and perished, in some instances ihe/rti-
fanner's prosperity. Especially would it be so, if both (,„, j,,,^^ (,(ff,o,n the cold unharmed. A wiso Proii
the raw material and the manufactured goods came in Ljg,^^e has ordin.ilions and provisions, which ofun Iul6

only under wisely adjusted duties.

btjcli policy as this might injure ihe navigating inle-
rests, perhaps, but no oilier important one.

It IS through our own manufacturing inieresis that our
agricultuie cHii get its grealosl aid ; and Ihercfore, the
fanners are deeply inteiested in all movements in favor
01 iiianulactuies. If these can but permanently flourish,
agriculture will flourish alau.

KEEP THE HOGS AT WORK.

While the hurry of planting lasts, farmers are too opt
to leave the hog )ard empty ; but as soon us it ii clean-
ed out in tho spring it should be re-covered wilh the best
material attuiiiabh- lor making manure. Put in leaves,
straw, cornstalks, muck or whatever else can be procur.
ed, and set the swin* at work forthwith. They will la-

the promise of a harvest, even when men despair. Ir
nearly all plants and treis suited lo our climaie, aictf
ing a few annuals, which it cut down can he VeplJDIK
theie is a vasi power in the earlier stages of their growth
to wilhsland frost.

We write this on Satuiday, (the day follnivinj iki
frost,) and before we can witness its full elTecIs ShmM
our eipei lalions be realized, they may be of scrvioa ii
persuading some fruitgrowers to be less alarmed bji
cold nighl ihan they have been in past limei.

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Satunlny, May -21 , 1848-
Dr. John C. Howard, Broiikline, exhibited aewjl
bunches Black Hamburg Grapes— quite ripe, and fiwj
oulureil, with very large berries.

\X. XO. I J.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

^15

TIIKII.MO.MK.TIIUAI,.
Rrp.'ririll.it Ihr Srw Kiiclanil Knnnri.
iij^r '>r ilif riipiniometrrnt ilie (inrilciior (Ue propriolon
.N(*\v Knf{liin<l Fnrmor, Uri|{htnn, Mn«a. i
N'lyi-xpoaurr. Tor thencrk ruling May 23.

washcil, $0 * '.lo-- I>n. unwuihril, III ii l3-'llriii{n>i do

I ( n lO—Saxiinj , iIpbh, — Biicnm Ayrrn iin|iirkr<l, 7 • 10—

I .lo. itn. iiickril, Ii u 16— Siipi'iKiic iN'nrlhrrii pulled lamb 35

I a 34— N». I d<i. .III. dn. ii a 34— iNo. 2 du du du 31 a S!4-

•haded i No. 3 do dn dn 13 a I

«d»

1!U2. |5,A.M. I IS, M. |7,P.M. I Wind.

S.
S. E.

S

I v..

« 40

ri

63 1

7 60

73

CI

8 49

73

en

9 54

79

66

« 43

45

39

1 1 37

et

54

-•: 47

07

55 1

KJino.N MARKET.— MoKDAT, May 23, 1842.

Ki-lxirK-d fur I ho .Nrw Enfliind Farmar.
1 .M.irkt'i 2-JO Beel Cattle, 12 paira Working oxen,
:o»» iinJ CnWcJi, 200 Slirep and C50 Swine.

LK— fa';e/ Cattle. Soles were quick and last
ks prices were fully RUiilaiiied. We '^uoto to corres-
i. A low extra $fi 00. First qiiiility, $3 50 a 5
Scciind quality, ^5 5U. 'I'liiid quality, $4 75 a

orUng Ojfn.— Sales 75, 80, S8, !)Q, and $05.
)iM und Calrts. Sales 20, 25, 30, 35, and $38.
ttep. Sales not made public.

eine. —Lots to peddle 3 1-2 for sows, and 4 1-2 Jur
\vs. Largo barrows 3 1-2. At relnil, from 4 to

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected icilh great care, tceckly.

:F.0S Herds Grass, $1 75 to 3 00 pertmshel Red Top,

50 rents, (."lover — Northern, II lo 12c. — Southern, 9
■. rial Seed, S2 00 per bushel. Lucerue, 25 c.per lb.
ry Seed, 14 5i) a 5 00 per liushel.

t.\IN. Corn Prime yellow flat SOc ; do round 63c :
■55 a Cue per bushel; 10.000 bushels New-Orleans

sold at varioui prices, 45 a o2c per bushel, accordinS
IT : Soullierii Oals 44 a 4f.c; Northern do 4'c per bush-

10 l.ushel< Richmond do. by auction, 43c ; Rye scarce ;

sues 73 a 7oc per bushel,
rn — Northern, bushel 65 lo — —do. Round Yellow 63

— lio Soulhorn Flat Yellow 6n n While do. S'? a —

rlry — a — —Rye, Northern, 73 a 75 — do. Southern,

— —Oats, Southern, 44 a 46 — Northern do. 47 to 48 —
s, per bushel 73 a I 50.

OUR. The principal transactions consist of 1000 bbls.
•.see' common brands, 86 44 a 6 50; 500 do fancy, 36
J : sound Ohio, 2200 bbls. «6 a 6 12 1-2 ; 500 bbls. dn.
hird unsound, 85 62 1-2 ; 300 bbls. Baltimore City
, $6 12, 4 mos; 500 do Fredericksburg, $6 25, 4 mos
Itunore, Howard Street, 4 mos. er. S6 50 a — ^o.

r. »6 00 a — do. free of garlic, SC 25 a Phila-

ia do. 4 mos. t6 25 a Fredericksburg, lowl'd 4

ii 12 a 6 25 — .Alexandria, wharf mountain, — — a
Georgetown, S6 25 a 6 "5 — Richmond Canal, S6 25 a 6 50

City, 87 OOa 7 23 — Petershurgh, Sooth side Sr 00 a

Country »6 00 a 6 23— Genesee, common, cash, S6 44 a

- do faiicT brands S6 50 a 6 62 — Ohio Tia Canal,
a 6 12 — do do New Orleans, cash 80 1 0 a — . Rye,
a 4 00— Indian Meal in bbls., 83 00 a 3 12.

lOVISIONS. Sales by auclion 733 bbls. Western
Pork, 7 50 a 57 S" per bbl ; 50 do Clear, 10 37 a SIO
; 20 doordimrydo. 80 23 do; 30 doMess,7 50a
Ho; 35 do Prime, 85 50 a 5 62 do ; 60 hhds and 100
^houlder», 2 1-2 a 2 3-4cts per lb; 100 bbls Western
Ceef, 85 50 do i 7 bbls and 125 kegs Lard, 5 l-S a
:1s per lb. cash.

•I- Mess, 4 I lo new bbl. 89 00 E 9 50 — Navy- 83 00 a
No I, 87 23 ^ 7 60— do Prime 84 50 a 5 00— Pork-
clear, 4 mo. bbl. 812 a — — do Clear 810 a 11
Mess 8^ 00 1 6 50 —do Prime 86 25 a 6 60— do Mess
Dth-r States r 50 a 8 00.— do Prime do do, 80 00 n 6

o Cargo do do — a Clear do do 810 00 a 1 1 00

r, shipping 6 a II— do store, uninspected, 10 a 14— do

15 a 17.
)OI.. Duty. The Talue whereof at the place of ex-
.lon shall not exceed 8 cts. per pound, free. All where-
value eiceeils 8 cts. per pimnd, 32 per cl. ad. Tal. and
per pound.

ale of 13,000 lbs Pennsylvania was made to a neigh-
» manufacturer, at 44c. per lb.

ne or Saxony Fleeces, washed, Ih. 44 a 46 c. — Amer-
full blood, dn 40 a 42— Do 3-4 do .37 a 40— Do. 1-2 do
35-1-4 aoil common do 30 a 31 —Smyrna Sheep,

HOPS The F.nKlish market was very firm at the Inst
advices. The accuuuls from the p autatmns were quite fu-
vorabic lo the rine

Islsort. Mass. 1841 per lb 10 a 11.— 2d du do do t<.

HAY, per Inn, 819 lo 22- Eastern Screwed 814 lo 16

CHEESB-Shipping and 4 meal, 4 lo 6c.— New 6 lo 8.

EGGS. 12 a 16

AV*NTKI)

To hire from 15 to 50 acres of land wiili buiblini;s, Horn 3 lo
10 miles of ISoslnn. Cninniunicalion In ihe oliice of this
paper will be ntlended 10. 31* May 25

Itl£l OI..VINCi lIunSB HAKK.

This is one of the most useful and labor saving machines
now in use. One man and a horse with a boy lo load, will
rake on an average I'min 25 lo 30 acres per day, with ease
and do the work well There is a great advantage iu this
rake overall 01 hers, as the person using it dies not have lo
slop the horse lo unload the rake. For sale by J. BKECK
&CO., No. 52 North Market st. May 22.

WII.I.ISS I.ATl'^.ST I.tlPROVED SEKD SOWEU

In using Ibis machine, the farmer may be ccitain that
liis seed is put inlo the ground, and at the same lime
in the best possible manner. There has been a great
difficulty in machines liir sowintr garden seeds; they
arc very apt to rlog up, and the farmer might go over nn
acre of land and not sow a sini'lc seed ; but not sowitli
this; it is so conslrucicd llial it cannot possibly clog.
Iri using this snwer, the farmer can save one half of
his seed, and do Ihe work at less than one quarter the
expense of the common way of sowing, and have it
done in a much better manner; it opens the furiow,
drops ihe seed, covers it over and rolls them down.
It will sow any kind ofGardmi Seeds; say Ruta Bagn,
Mangel Wurlzd, Turnips, Carrots, Beels. Parsnips, On-
ions, ^c. For sale at the New England Agriiiiliiiral
Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 lind 52 Nortli Mar-
ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

Auuicui.Ti'UAi. iMrL,ii:aiK.\'rH, ao

The Prnprielom of the New F.nglnnd ABriruliurnI Ware,
house and Seed Siore Nn. 61 and 52 Nnrih MarLrt tirrei,
would infiirm their 1 uklnnier* and the public generally that
lliry have nn hand Ihe most exlen>ivo auorlmrnl of A|(ri-
rnltuial and HnrliruliumI Tnnis In be found in Ihe Vnilcd
States. Part ol which are the folluwiog :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron PlouKhs
300 Common do. du.
200 Cultivators.
KiO Greene's Straw Cutlers.
60 Willis' do. do.
mil Common do. dn.
100 WilSis' Patent Corn

Sbellers.
60 (yommon do do.
2i>0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vcgenble Cullers
60 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles,
ion Ox Yokes.
1600 Doz- Sc)llie Slones.
30011 '- Austin's Rifles,
March 17.

100 doz. Ca«i Sieel ShoTcU.

(.^iiHiinoD

do.

500 "

firass Scythes.

300 "

Paieni Snailhs.

200 "

Common du.

600 "

Hay Uakes.

200 "

(;ard<n do.

200 "

Manure Forkt.

31)0 •'

Hay do.

500 Pa

r Truce Chains.

100 "

Truck do.

too

Dralt do.

600

Tie up do.

511 doz. Haller do.

000 vards Fence do.

25 Gr

nd Stones on reliefs

GAnOEir AND FIELD SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO. have received l.'ieir full supply
of Garden and Field Seeds, which they warrant to be pure
and fresh, as follows:

Early Cedo Nulli Peas.

" Warwick do.

" Dwarf do.

" Washington do.

" Frame do.
Blue Imperial do.
Marrowfat, &c.
While Altringham Carrot
Long Orange do.

Early Horn do.
Mangel Wurtzel Beel.
^Ul;ar do.
Long Red do.
Early Turnip do.
Ruia Baga.
j Turnips in great variety.
Early and Late Beans of
sorts.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvenicnls have been made the nasi year in the
form and workmanship o( these Ploughs ; the mould hrarrt
has been so formed as to latj t'lc ^furroio romplrtc/y oecr,
turning in ereri/ particle of grass or suMk, and icating Hit
■rroiind in the hr<t pnssi'ilc manner. The Iciijlh of the
mould board has bi n very much increased, so that the
Plough works with Ihe greatest ease, both with respect to
the holding and ihe learn. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs al Worcester, say.

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs
wo should prefer (nr use on a farm, we might perhaps say 10
Ihc inquirer, il your land is mostly light'an.l easy to wntk,
Iry Piipuly & Mears. bul if your /and i« heart/, hard orrochj,
BEGIN WITH Mr. Howard's.'

Al iho above mcrif.oned irial Ihe Howard Plough did
more leor!:, irilh Ihe same pmrer nf team, than ami other
plough ei-hibitcd. So other turned mere than tweniyse-.'eo
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while ihe
Howard Plough turned txeentynine and one half inches. /•
the same poieer of team ! All acknowledje that Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has licen quiie an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wilhnut
having lo furnish a new landsidu: this shoe likewise secuies
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price nf the Ploughs is from 86 to 8|5. A Plough,
suflicienl for breaking up with four calllc. will cost about
Sio 50, and with culler Si, with wheel and cutter, 82 60
e.\lra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, aX
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Stnie,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, hv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

POUDRETTE.

For sale ann Barrels Poudrciie, at 82 per barrel, by J.
CRECK &, CO, 61 and 62 North Market St., Boston.
May 18.

DAH1.IAS.

For sale al the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Norlk
Market street, a large assortment of Double Dahlias of lh«
finesl varieties. JCSEPH BRECK fit CO.

Boston, May 3, 1842.

DAHLIA POLES.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., offer for sale 1000 superior
Dahlia Poles, with the bark pealed ofl, in bundles of 100, or
by the dozen Boston, May 3, 1842.

FLO'WEU SEEDS.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., Nos. 61 and 62 North Mar-
ket street, offer for sale their usual variely of Flower Seeds,
compiising all that are desirable lor culliviition.

Boston, March 9th, 1842

376

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

MISCELLANEOUS

A Paaaage in the Life of a Dninknrd. — The
following quizzical story was tuld at a tempcriince
mectinjj in Hartford, a Xevi days ago, by a reform-
ed toper. It oper.s rich, and as the man has be-
come sober, one may now laiijih over its absurdi-
ties with double relish. He said :

' I used to drink, and my wife used to jaw nie
about it. What do you get drunk for? said she:
what do you jaw me for ? said \. So we agreed,
and made a bargain that I would not drink and
she would not scold. For three long days we held
on firm — no drinking, no scolding ; but on tlie
third evening, being in company with some good
fellows, I took a horn, and when that was down, I
right off wanted another, and in a very short time I
found myself about three shiels in the iciiid, find the
other shivering. (Liuigliter.) By and by it got to
be time to go home ; but, as you may well sup-
pose, I dreaded to meet my wife, like the tooth-ache.
(Laughter.) However, go I must ; and so I stag-
eered along, lioping to find my wife abed. (Laugh-
ter.) When I reached the house, I found it still
lighted, and through the window I saw my wife up
and waiting for me. (Laughter.) Thinks I, I can 't
go in yet, but I must wait till siia goes to bed ; so
there 1 stood half freezing in the cold rain two
hours. (Loud laughter.) At last she went to bod,
and I crept in at tho back door, stumbling over
pails and chairs, but finally succeeded in gutting
to bed without disturbing her, (laughter;) but alter
dozing awhile, I awoke and found myself as dry as
a fish, (laughter;) you know, brethren, how dry we
all used to be in the night, after we 'd had a spree.
(Laughter.) My wife always knew what was the
matter with nie, when I got up in the night to drink
cold water. I hardly dared to get up, for fear of
my wife ; but my thirst was greater than I could
bear ; so out I crawled, and groped very softly
after the w:iter pail — but no water was there ; I
then felt round in tho dark, on the tables and shelves
for something to cool my burning thirst ; soon I
found a tin pan full of liquid something; I seized
and put it to my mouth, and took a long and hearty
draught — the liquid at the same time running out
at each side of ujy niouih, down my cheeks. I
thought tho liquor ta.sted odd, i^nd at that instant it
flashed on my recollection that I had fixed some
poison a few days before to kill rate with. (Laugh-
ter.) Horror-struck, I stood, my hair standing on
and : it was death to scream out, for my wife would
jaw me if she waked — (laughter) — and surely it
would be death to hold still : but scream I must,
and scream I did. (Riotous laughter.) " Wife I
uyife! Hannah! Halloa here! What was in
that pan ?" said [. " You are dry, are you ?" said
she. " What wus in this pan .-" shouted I, still
louder. " What makes you dry ?" screamed she.
" H'hal icas in this pan f yelled I, in perfect agimy
offenr. "What pan?" "Why, the pan on the
ehelf." "Oh, you brute! you have drank up ail
my starch.'" (Tremendou.s laughter.) Tho next
morning my shirt collar was pasted fast to my neck
and cheeks, and it took half an hour to clear it otT.'
Mr Urown sat down amid the chccra of the
whole audience.

"Father, is'nt that man in wjiat la called tlic
••pring time' of life.'"
" Why, Fred ?"
" Because he looks confounded green."

Frogs The Springfield Gazette records a cu-
rious fact illustrative of the migratory habits of
frogs. A portion of the large lot in Springfield,
now appropriated for a cemetery, lia.^, on account
of the low marshy land, been inhabited by a great
number of frogs, which have been not a little dis-
turbed by the recent impmven-.ents effected by
draining and C(dlccting the waters in running
streams and fountains. About sunset on Friday
evening last, large companies, numbering thou-
sands iif these frogs, were discovered making their
way up the high grounds which surround these
lowlands, and taking up their line of march in a
norlheasterly direction towards Goose pond, about
a mile distant ! A gentleman who witnessed it,
says that the process of evacaation continued until
10 or 11 o'clock, and during this time the adjacent
ground was literally covered with frogs, all moving
in the same direction.

ji touch of the high Jtoum. — A student in one of
our colleges, on bis way home during vacation,
stopped for the night at a tavern in the country.
Upon alighting from his gig, he gave the following
very clear and plain order to the ostler : " Boy, ex-
tricate that quadruped from the vehicle, stahulate
him, donate him an adequate supply of nutritious
aliment, satiate his thirst with the usual element,
and when the .Aurora of morn sh.iU again illumine
the oriental horizon, I will award you a pecuniary
compensation for your auiialile hospitality." — Se-
lected.

MAT 'ii. 184 8. 11 r

i

GRKKS'S FAIKST BTnAAV Cf TTER.

JOSFPH BRECK &• CO. at the New England A^i
lurul Warehouse and Seed Store N(is. 61 aiKl62Norlh.
kcl Slreel have for sale, Green's Patent Straw, Hav
Slalk Cutler, operating on a mechanical prmiiple not bi
ai.ulie.1 to aHV implement lor liiis purpose, rhc nio.si prt
inerileffecis of this application, and some of the conscqo
peculiarities of the machine arc:

1 So "real a reduction of the quantum of power renuul
to use {l.^hat ihc sirenglh of a half grown boy is sutiici*
to work it efficiently. • ■, , .

2 With even tliis moderate power, iteasilyculsiwclio*
els a minuie, which is full twice as tasi as has been cUiim*
fiy any other machine even when worked by borso or sv

3 The knives owing to the peculiar manner in which
cul. require sharpening less often than those of any '

raw cutler. , . . , .

4 Ttie machine is simple mils construction, made and
locclher very strongly, ll is Ihetelore not so liable M,
complicated machines in general use to gel out ol ordw

A Match for Crockett. — One day last week, a
man, whose name we have not ascertained with
precision, but are told it was Cotton, was hunting
pheasants in the neighborhood of Worromontogus
Pond, in tho east part of Halhiwell, when he heard
a great outcry from his dog. Going quickly in
that direction, he saw that his dog had been seized
by a bear, but had got loose and was running to-
wards him, the bear being in pursuit. His gun
was only loaded with shot, and before he could put
a bullet in it, the bear was close upon him. The
animal rose up before him, and was attempting to
give him a not very fraternal hug, when the dog
seized her behind. As she turned to strike a blow
at the dog with her paw, the man struck her with
his gun with all his strength ; a second blow broke
his gun, when the bear rushed upon him again.
He seized the animal by one ear, and held her ofi'
at arm's length with liis left hand. In the scutlle,
they all came down together, the man uppermost,
and still holding on. By good hick his right hand
happened to fall upon a stone as large as ho could
conveniently grasp ; with this he struck the bear
with all his strength upon the head ond nose, (a
very vulnerable part in a bear,) and while he held
his grasp with his left hand, he actually beat the
bear to death with the other. 'i'ho skin of the
anin.al was shown in our cflice, the marks of the
bruises made by the stone are to be seen on tho
skin, which is nearly cut through in several places
about the head.

The ferocity of this bear is accounted for by tho
fact that she had cubs, which have since been seen.
The man is large and athletic, and somewhat ad-
vanced in years. Will some one who knows him,
send us his name ? — Augusta Mc. Jour.

"I see a villain in your eye," said a constable to
n suspected rnguc. " Do n't use my face for a mir-
ror," replied Smith.

LACTOMETERS--a simple instrument for lesiia;
the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK & CO.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitable for Ploughing.
200 " "Truck nnd leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For sale by J. BRECK Attl
No. S2 North Market st.

TYF, VP CHAINS.

Just received by 6iio Cliuins for lyeing up Cattle.

These chains, inlroduced by E. H. Dehbv, Esq. of Salt*
and Col. Jacques, for ihe purpose of securing cnlile lo tki
stall, are found tc he the safest and most convenient aoi'
of fastening cows and oxen to the stanchion.

SITUATION -WANTED

AS GARDNER— by one that has served a regular if
prpnticeship in Europe, nnd has had seven years' fJi'iieoa
in this country. The best of reference given. A^ll siJ
D. at this office. Mar. Ii 9.

SON DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun Pi«lt.i
very nent and useful arliile for tiie purpose ofgivini.' lie In"
of day in the cardcn orfield. Price ;i centi. Kir vil. I?
J. BRECK 4- CO., No &l and 62 North Market Si.

!5.-|.t I.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

A WEKILT PAPFR.

Terms, $2 per year in advance, ot$2 50 ifnoipa^
within thirty days.

N. B. — PostmnBtora arc permitted by law to frmk il
subscriptions mid rcniittancsa for ntwapaperi, wilhoii
expense to subscribers.

TDTTI.B .4SD DENNETT, PKIHTCai.

AND II O K T I C U L T U R A L K E Ci I S T E U .

PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO. SJ NOUTH MAKKET STREET, (Aoricultubal WAniiiouii.)-ALLEN PUTNAM, KOITOR.

»-.X\.]

BOSTON, WRDNESDAY EVIiNlNG, JUNE 1, 1842.

[1«0. 4».

N. E. FARMER.

GEOMETERS, CANKER-WORMS, &e.

riie coterpillars of the Geomtirtr of Linnaeus,

li-iiit'imirers, as the term implies, or geometers,

ii-»orriis, and loopers, liave r«fccived llioso seve-

naiiirs from their peculiar manner of moving, in

icli they socni to nieasurt or span over the

und, Htcp by step, as they proceed. Most of

ic caterpillars have only ten legs ; namely, 8i.\,

cli are jointed and tapering, under the fore part

ho ti.idy, and four fleshy proplegs, at the hinder

reiiiity ; the three intermediate pairs of proplegs

"anting. Consequently, in creeping, they

1 lip the back while they bring forward the

Jcr part of the body, and then, resting on their

d legs, stretch out to their full length, in a

igl.t line, before taking another step with their

I Ir^js. Some of the geometers have twelve or

teen legs ; but the additional proplegs ar* so

t that the caterpillars cannot use them in

^ping, and their motions are the same as those

have only ten legs. Some caterpillars with

teen legs, and wanting only the terminal pair

roplegs, aro placed in this tribe on account of

resemblance of their moths to those of the true

meters. The latter live on trees and bushes,

inobt of them undergo their transformations

1 r>r in the ground, to reach which, by travel-

au.iij; the branches and down the stem, nisuld

lonj; and tedious journey to them, on account

le deticicncy of their legs, and the slowness of

r eait. Kut they are not reduced to this neces-

for they have the power of letting themselves

n from any height, by means of a silken thread,

h tiiey spin from their mouths while falling.

cncvcr they are disturbed, they make use of

faculty, drop suddenly, and hang suspended,

iic danger is past, after which they climb up

n by the same thread. In order to do this, the

i-norin bends back its head and catches hold

e thread above its head with one of the legs

e third segment, then raising its head it seizes

thrcrid with its jaws and fore legs, and, by re-

ing the same operations with tolerable rapidity,

^oon reaches its former station on the tree.

se a in-worms aro naked, or only thinly covcr-

viUi very short down ; they are mostly smooth,

sometimes have wart* or irregular projections

heir backs. They change tiieir color usually

h.'v grow older, and sometimes of one uniform

r, n'-arly resembling the bark of the plants on

;Ii tijoy are found. When not eating, many uf

n rest on the two hindmost pairs of legs against

side of a branch, with the body extended from

branch, so that they might be mistaken for a

r of tire tree ; and in this position they will of-

remain for hours together. When about to

sfo.ro, most of these insects descend from the

its on which they live, and either bury them-

B es in the ground, or conceal themselves on the

s -cc, under a slight covering of leaves fastened

kher with silken threads. Some make more

alar cocoons, which, however, are very thin, and

I generally more or less covered on the outside with
' leaves. The cocoons of the European-tailed (ie-
I ometer (Ourn/jten/r sambuairia.) which lives on the
elder, and ol our chain-dotted (leomeler ((jtontrtrn
cattnarin,) which is found on tho wood-wax, arc
made with regular meshes, like network, through
which the insects may be seen. A very fow of
the span-worms fasten thenieclvea lo the stems of
plants, and are changed to chrysalids, which hang
suspended, without the protection of any outer cov-
! ering.

I In their perfected state, these insects are mostly
; slender-bodied moths, with tapering altcnna-, which
are oflen feathered in the males. Their feelers are
short and slender; the tonguo is short and weak ;
the thorax is not crested ; the wings are large,
thin, and delicate — sometimes angular, and often
marked with one or two dark-colored oblique bands.
They generally rest with the wings slightly inclin-
ed and almost horizontal ; some with them extend-
ed, and others with the hind wings covered by the
upper pair. A very few carry their wings like the
skippers. Some of tho females arc wiilioul wings,
and are distinguished also by the oval and robust
form of their bodies. These moths are most ac-
tive in the night ; but some of them may be seen
[ flying in thickets during the day time. They are
very short-lived, and die soon after their eggs are
■ aid.

Those kinds whereof the females are wingless,
or have only very short, scale-like wings, and naked
attennse, while the males have large, entire wings,
and feathered or downy antenna-, seem to form a
distinct group, which may be named Hybernians
(Hi/berniuJa,) from the principal genus included
therein. The caterpillars have only ten legs, six
before and four behind ; and they undergo their
transformations in the ground. The insects called
canker-worms, in this country, are of this kind.
The moths, from which they are produced, belong
to the genus Anisoplcryi, (literally unequal wing,)
so named because in some species the wings in the
two sexes are very unequal in size, and in others
the females are wingless. In tho late Professor
Peck's "Natural History of the Canker-worm,"
which was published among tho papers of the Mas-
sachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture, and
obtained a prize from the Society, this insect is
called Phdlnnrt vernata, on account of its common
appearance in the spring, and also lo distinguish it
from the winter moth (Phnlanatn Chrimntobia bru-
mataj of Europe. In the male canker-worm moth
the antenna; have a very narrow, and almost downy
edging, on each side, hardly to be seen with the
naked eye. The feelers are minute, and do not
extend beyond the mouth. The tongue is not visi-
ble. The wings are large, very thin and silky ;
and, when the insect is at rest, the fore wings are
turned back, entirely cover the hind wings, and
overlap on their inner edges. The fore wings are
ash-colored, with a distinct whitish spot on the
front edge, near the tip ; they are crossed by two
jagged, whitish bands, along the sides of which
there are several blackish dots ; the outermost band
baa an angle near the front edge, within which

there is a short, faint, blackish line ; and there is
a row of black dots ahmg the outer margin, close
to the fringe. The hind wings are pale a»h color-
ed, with a faint blackish dot near the middle. The
wings expand about one inch and a quarter. This
is the usual appearance of the male, in its most
perfect condition; by which it will be seen that it
closely resembles the Jlnisopltryi .T.scutnria of
Europe. Compared with tho luttrr, I find that our
canker-worm moth is rather smaller, the wings are
darker, proportionally shorter and more obtuse, Iho
white bands are less distinct, and are often entirely
wanting, in which case only the whiti.'ih spot ne»r
the tip remains, the hind wings are more dusky,
and the feelers are grey instead of being white.
Specimens, of a rather smaller size, are sometimes
found, resembling the figure ond description given
by Professor Peck, in which the whitish bands and
spot are wanting, and there are three interrupted
dusky lines across the fore wings, with an oblique
blackish dnsh near the tip. Perhaps they consti-
tute a different fpecies from that of the true canker
worm rnoth. Should this be the case, the latter
may be called .Inisopleryx pomelaria, or the Anis-
oplcryx of the orchard, while the former should re-
tain the name originally given to it by Professor
Peck. Tlie female is wingless, and its antennte
are short, slender, and naked. Its body approaches
to an oval form, but tapers, and is turned up behind.
It is dark ashcolored above, and grey beneath.

It was fujPiBerly supposed that tho canker-worm
moths came out of the ground only in the spring.
It is now known that many of them rise in the au-
tumn and in the early part of the winter. In mild
and open winters I have seen them in every month
from October to March. They begin to make their
appearance after the first hard frosts in the antumn,
usually towards the end of October, and they con-
tinue to come forth, in greater or smaller numbers,
according to the mildness or severity of the wea-
ther after the frosts have begun. Their general
time of rising is in the spring, beginning about the
middle of March, but sometimes before, and some-
times after this time ; and they continue to come
forth for the space of about three weeks. It has
been observed that there are more females than
males among those that appear in the autumn and
winter, and that the males arc must abundant in
the spring. The sluggish females instinctively
make their way towards the nearest trees, and
creep slowly up their trunks. In a few days after-
wards they are followed by the winged and active
males, which flutter about and accompany them in
their ascent, during which the insects pair. Soon
after this, the females lay their eggs upon th«
branches of the trees, placing them on their ends,
close together in rows, forming clusters of from
sixty to one hundred, eggs or more, which is the
number usually laid by each female. The eggs
are glued to each other and to tho bark, by a grey-
ish varnish, which is impervious to water; and the
clusters are thus securely fastened in the forks of
the small branches, or close to the young twigs
and buds. Immediately after the insects have thus
provided for a succession of their kind, they begin

378

N E W ENGLAND FARMER

jrCRB 1, 1843.

to languish, and soon die. The eggs are usually
hatched between the first and the middle of May,
or about the time that the red currant is in blos-
som, and the young leaves of the apple tree begin
to start from the bud and grow. The little canker-
worms, upon making their escape from the eggs,
gather upon the tnnder leaves, and, on thii occur-
rence of cold and wet weather, creep for shelter
into the liosom of the bud, or into the flowers, when
the latter appear. As this treatise may fall into
the hands of persons who are not acqnamted with
the habits and devastations of our canki'r-wornis,
it should be stated that, where these insects prevail,
they are most abundant on apple and elm trees ;
but that cherry, phini, and lime trees, and some
other cultivated and native trees, as well as many
shrubs, often sutler severely from their voracity.
The leaves first attacked will be found pierced with
small holes ; these become larger and more irregu-
lar wlien the canker worms increase in size ; and,
at last, tlie latter eat nearly all the pulpy parts of
the leaves, Jeaving little more than the midrib and
veins. A very great difference of cohjr is observa-
ble among canker-worms of different ages, and
even among those of the same age and size. It is
possible that some of these variations may arise
from a difference of species ; but it is also true
that the same species varies much in color. When
very young, they have two minute warts on the top
of the last ring ; and they are thd^i generally of n
blackish or dusky brown color, with a yellowish
stripe on each side of the body ; there are two
whitish bands across the head ; and the belly is
also whitish. When fully grown, these individu-
als become ash-colored on the back, and black on
the sides, below whicli the pale yellowish lino re-
mains. Some ari! found of a dull, greenish yellow,
and others of a clay color, with slender interrupted
blackish lines on the sides, and small spots of the
satne color on the back. Some arc green, with
two white stripes on the back. The head and the
feet partake of the general color of the body ; the
belly is paler. When not eating, they remain
stretched out at full length, and resting on their
fore and hind legs, beneath the leaves. When
fully grown and well fed, they measure nearly or
(]uile one inch in longih. They leave off eating
when about four weeks old,* and begin to quit the
trees ; some creep down by the trunk, but great
numbers let themselves down by their threads from
the branches, their instincts prompting them to get
to the ground by the mint directand easiest course.
When thus descending, and suspended in great
numbers under the linilis of trees overhanging the
road, they are often swept off by passing carriages,
and are thus conveyed to other places. After
reaching the ground, ihey immediately burrow in
the earth, to the depth of from two to six inches,
unless prevented by weakness or the nature of the
soil. In the latter case, they die, or undergo their
transformations on the surface. In the former,
they make little cavities or cells in the ground, by
turning round repeatedly and fastening the loose
grains of earth about them with a few silken threads.
Within twentyfour hours afterwards, they are chang-
ed to chrysalida in their cells. The chrysalis is of
a light brown color, and varies in size according to
the sex of the insect contained in it ; that of the
female being the largest, and being dcsliluto of a

•In the year 1841, ihe red currant fliiwered, and the
canker-wiiriiis uppearril, on llio ISlh of May. The in-
«ecl» wur« very abundant on the l.')tli of Jhou, and on
'he 17th ■carciily nrie waa to be seen.

covering for wings, which is found in the chrysalis
of the males. The occurrence of mild weather
after a severe frost stimulates some of these insects
I to burst their chrysalis skins and come forth in the
perfected slate; and this Inst transformation, as
before stated, may take place in the autumn, or in
the course of the winter, as well as in the spring ;
I it is also retarded, in some individuals, for a year
I or more beyond the usual time. They come out of
I the ground mostly in the night, when they may be
I seeti struggling through the grass as far as the
I limbs extend from the body of the trees under
j which they had been buried. As the females are
1 destitute of wings, they are not able to wander far
from the trees upon which they had lived in the
caterpillar state. Canker-worms are therefore
naturally confined to a very limited space, from
which they spread year after year. Accident,
however, will often carry them far from their native
haunts, and in this way probably, they have extend-
ed to places remote from each other. Where they
have become established, and have been neglected,
their ravages are often very great. In tli« early,
part of the season, the canker-worms do not attract
much attention ; but it is in June, when they be-
come extremely voracious, that the mischief they
have done is rendered apparent, when we have be-
fore us the melancholy sight of the foliage of our
fruit trees and of our noble elms reduced to wither-
ed and lifeless shreds, and whole orchards looking
as if they had been suddenly scorched with fire.

In order to protect our trens from the rax ages of
canker-worms, where these looping spoilers abound,
it should bo our aim, if possible, to prevent the
wingless females from ascending the trees to de-
posit their eggs. This can be done by the appli-
cation of tar around the body of the tree, either di-
rectly on the bark, as has been the most common
practice, or, what is better, over a broad bell of
clay inortar, or on strips of old canvass or of strong
paper, from six to twelve inches wide, fastened
around the tru.nk with strings. The tar must be
applied as early as the first of November, and per-
haps in October, and it should be renewed daily as
long as the insects continue rising ; after which
the hands inny be removed, and the tar should be
entirely scraped from the bark. When all this
has been properly and seasonably done, it has
proved effectual. The time, labor, and expense
attending the use of tar, and the injury, that it
docs to the trees when allowed to run and remain
on the bark, have caused many persons to neglect
this method, and some to try various modifications
of it, and other expedients. Among the modifica-
tions may be mentioned a horizontal and close-fit-
ting collar of boards, lastenod around the trunk,
and smeared beneath with tar; or four boards,!
nailed together like a box, without top or bottom,
around the base of the tree, to receive the tar on '
the outside. These can be used to protect a few '
choice trees in a garden, or around a house or a |
public square, but will be found too expensive to
be applied to any great extent. Collars of tin
plate, fastened around the trees, and sloping down-
wards like an inverted tunnel, have been proposed,
upon the suppositiim that the moths would not bo
able to creep in an inverted position, bcnaatit the
smooth and sloping surface. This method will
also prove too expensive for general adoption, even
should It be found to answer the purpose. A bell
of cotton-wool, which it has been thought would
entangle the feet of the insects, and thus keep
them from ascending the trees, hns not proved an

effectual bar to them. Little square or circuit,
troughs of tin or of lead, filled with cheap fish
and placed around the trees, three feet or n
above the surfuce of the ground, with a stuffing
cloth, hay, or sea-weed betxveen them and ibi
trunk, have long been used by various persons U
Massachusetts with good success ; and the onll
objections to them ore the cost of the troughs, th,
didiculty of fixing and keeping them in their plr
ces, and the injury suffered by the trees when th
oil IS washed or blown out and falls upon the bar!
Mr Jonathan Dennis, Jr., of Portsmouth, Rhod
Island, has obtained a patent for a circular Iiade
trough to contain oil, offering some advaniagt
over those that have heretofore been used, alihougl
it docs not entirely prevent the escape of the oi
and the nails, with which it is secured, aro fbun
to be injurious to the trees. These troughs ougli
not to be nailed to the trees, but should be sup
ported by a few wooden wedges driven belwea
theni and the trunks. A stufiing of cloth, cottd
or tow, should never be used ; sea-weed and fia
hay, which will not absorb the oil, are much better
Before the troughs are fastened and filled, (ho bod;
of the tree should be well coated with clay psin
or white wash, to absorb the oil that may fall upoi
it. Care should be taken to renew the oil as ofte
as it escapes or beconics filled will) the inseclji
These troughs will be found more economical ail
less troublesome than the application of lar, an
may safely be recommended and employed, if pro
per attention is given to the precautions obovi
named. Some persons fasten similar troughs, t(
contain oil, around the outer sides of an open bo*
enclosing the base of Ihe tree, and a prujicting
ledge is nailed on the edge of the box to sliuil ilif
rain; by this contrivance, all danger of hurting th«
tree with the oil is entirely avoided. In the ' -Man-
chester Guardian,' an English newspaper, nf the
4th of November, 1S40, is the following article on
the use of melted Indian rubber to prevent iusectJ
from climbing up trees: —

" At a late meeting of the Entomological Soci-
ety, [of London ?] Mr J. II. Eennell commiiiii. iieJ
the following successful mode of prevenlin.; in-
sects ascending the trunks of fruit trees. Loll
piece of Inilian rubber be burnt over a gnl ipot,
into which it will gradually drop in the coiuliion
of a viscid juice, which state, it appears, it wi.l al-
ways retain ; for Mr Fennell has, at the present
time, some which has been melted for upnm.ls of
a year, and has been exposed to all weathers with-
out undergoing the slightest change. Having
melted the Indian rubber, let apiece of cord or
worsted be sfneared with it, and then tied sevcnl
times round the trunk. Tho melted euhstaiicc is
so very sticky, that the insects will be prc\outed,
and gensrally captured, in their attempts to piss
over it. About three pennyworth of Indian rubber
is sufficient for the protection of twenty ordnurj
sized fruit trees."

Applied in this way, it would not be sufficient
to keep the canker-worm moths from getting up
the trees ; for the first comers would soon bridge
over the cord with their bodies, and thus afford t
passage to their followers. To insure success, it
should be melted in larger quantities, and daubed
with a brush upon strips of cloth or paper, fastened
round tho trinks of the trees. Worn out Indian
rubber shoes, which are worth little or nothing for
any other purpose, can be put to this use. 'I'hl*
plan has been triod by a few persona in tlic vicini-
ty of lloston, some of whom speik favorably of it

V!>l.. IX. XO. «S

AND HORTIC U LTIT R A I. REGISTER,

37»

!i«s hern etijgMteil that the melted rubber might
»|i[ilieil irniiiciliately lo the bark without injurinj;
pj. A little coiiicnl mouiiil of land »ur-
ndmcj the baio of the tree is found to be impas-
lo to the moiha, so lon^ as the sand remains
; but they easily pass over it when the sand is
, and thoy come out of the ground in wet, br
n «s in dry weather.

Some attempts have been made to destroy the

kfr-wornu after thty were hatched from the

js, and were dispersed over the leaves of the

It is said that some periions have saved

r trees from these insects by freely dusting air-

ked lime over them while the leaves were wet

h dew. Showering the trees with mixtures that

fiiiind useful to destroy other insects, has been

d by a few, and, although attended with a good

1 of trouble and expense, it may be worth our

le to apply such remedies upon small and choice

s. Mr David Haggerston, of VVatertown, Ms.,

used, for this purpose, a mixture of water and

oip ^»n article to be procured from the manu-

iries where whale oil is puritied,) in the propor-

of one pound of the soap to seven gallons of

or ; and he states that this liquor, when thrown

he trees with a garden engine, will destroy the

Kcr.worm and many other insects, without inju-

thc foliage or the fruit. Jarring or shaking

inibs of the trees will disturb the canker-

ms, and cause many of them to spin down,

n their threads may be broken off with a pole;

if the troughs around the trees are at the same

replenished with oil, or the tar is agoin ap-

1, tho insects will be caught in their attempts

rcop up the trunks. In the same way, also,

0 that are coming down the trunks to go into

iround will be caught and killed. If greater

3 were to be taken to destroy the insects in the

rpillar state, their numbers would soon greatly

nish.

veil after they have left the trees, have gone
the ground, and have changed their forms,
aro not wholly beyond the reach of means for
oying them. One person told nie that his
^, which he was in the habit of turning into
rchard in the autumn, rooted up and killed
t numbers of the chrysalids of the canker-
is. Some persons hare recommended dig-
or plowing under the trees in autumn, with
lope of crushing Borne of the chrysalids by so
, and of exposing others to perish with the
of the following winter. If hogs are then al-
d to go among the trees, and a few grains of
are scattered on the loosened soil, these ani-
will eot many of the chrysalids as well as the
ai:d will crush others with their feet. iMr S.
iwler* thinks it better to dig around the trees
ly, while the shells of the insects are soft and
■r. lie and Mr John Kenrick, of Newton,
., advise us to remove the soil to the distance
jr or five feet from the trunk of the trees, and
2 depth of six inches, to cart it away and re-
it with an equal quantity of compost or rich
In this way, many of the insects will be
vcdalso; but, unless the earth thus carried
, is thrown into some pond-hole, and left cov-
with water, msny of the insects contained in
1 undergo their transformations and come out
the next year.

n Yankee Farmej, of July 18, 1840, and New Eng-
r Farmer, of June 2, 1841, tor some valuable remarks
y r Fowler.

Canker-worms are snhjccl to the attacks of many
enemies. Great niiuibcTS of lh«ni are devoured by
several kinds of bird?, which live n!nio»t entirely
upon them during their season. They ore also
eaten by ■ very lirge nnd splendid grmnd beetle
[Calosoma scrutator,) that appears about the lime
when these insects begin to leave the trees. These
beetles do not fly, but they run about in the grass
after the canker-worms, nnd even nuiuiil upon the
trunks of the trees to seize them ns ihey come
down. The latter are also slung by a four-winged
ichneumon-fly, which deposits nn egg in every
canlvCr-worm thus wounded. From the egg is
hatched a little maggot, ihnt preys on the fatty
substance of the canker-worm, and weakens it so
much that it is unable to go through its future
transformations. I have scon one of these flies
sting several canker-worms in succession, and
swarms of them may be observed around the trees
as long as the canker-worms remain. Their servi-
ces, therefore, arc doubtless very considerable.
.\mong a large number of canker-worms, taken
promiscuously from various trees, I found that
nearly one third of the whole were unable to finish
their transformations, because they had been at-
tacked by internal enemies of anorher kind. These
were little maggots, that lived singly within the
bodies of the canker-worms, till the latter died
from weakness ; after which the maggots under-
went a change, and finally came out of the bodies
of their victims in the form of small two-winged
cuckoo-flies, belonging to the genus Tar.hina. Mr
E. C. Herrick, of New Haven, Connecticut, has
made the interesting discovery that the eggs of the
canker-worm moth are pierced by a liny four-wing-
ed fly, a species of Plaltj^nsttr, which goes from
egg to egg, and drops in eiuh of them one of her
own eggs. Sometimes every canker-worm egg in
a cluster, will be found to have been thus punc-
tured and seeded for a future harvest of the Ptaty-
gaster. The young of this Ptntysraster is an ex-
ceedingly minute maggot, hatched within the can-
ker-worm egg, the shell of which, though only one
thirtieth of an inch long, serves for its habitation,
and the contents for its food, till it is fully grown ;
after which it becotiies a chrysalis within the same
shell, and in due time comes out a Plntygasler fly,
like its parent. This last transformation Mr Her-
rick found to take place towards the end of June,
from eggs laid in November of the year before;
and he thinks that the flies continue alive through
the summer, till the appearance of the canker-worm
moths in the autumn aflbrds them the opportunity
of laying their eggs for another brood. As these
little parasites prevent the hatching of the eggs
wherein they are bred, and as they seem to be very
abundant, they must bo of grc;il use in preventing
the increase of the canker-worm. Without doubt
such wisely appointed means as these were once
enough to keep within due bounds these noxious
insects ; but since our forests, their natural food,
and our birds, their greatest enemies, have disap-
peared before the woodman's axe and the sports-
man's gun, we are left to our own ingenuity, perse-
verance, and united efforts, to contrive and carry
into effect other means for checking their ravages.
Apple, elm, and lime trees are sometimes injured
a good deal by another kind of span-worm, larger
than the canker-worm. As they resemble the lat-
ter in their habits, and often live on the same trees,
they can be kept in check by such means as are
found useful when employed against canker-worms.
— Harris's Report on the Instcli of Massachusetts.

For the N. K. Fnrmcr.

WARTS ON PI.UM TRKR9.

Mr Eiiitoii — I read n piece in yoiir paper, a
short lime sinci', respecting the plum blight, which
if not prevented, is aonn likely to destroy this valu-
able fruit. I have a larL'e and beautiful tree,
which I have kept in a healthy condition, while
those of my neighbors ore nlm'i»t entirely destroy,
ed. I object to the practice of cutting off the
limbs, ai the extract in your paper directs, unless
they are very small — as this would soon hurt the
looks of the tree. Take a sharp knife, when the
excresences first nppoor, and sluve them close to
the wood, being particular to scrape out every par-
ticle of the gummy substance. Cover tho wound
with grafting composition, and it will soon heal
over. I know of no other remedy so cffectuol ai
this, and doubt not if your subscribers will fjith-
fully ity this method, that they will preserve their
trees from this terrible disease.

Now is about the time they [the warts?] make
their appearance. They are nearly the same color
of the bark, and if not closely examined, are not
easily detected.

Yours, respectfully,

LAWRENCE SMITH.

MiJdleJUld, May 18, 184-.J.

RUTA BAGA.

A respected correspondent in Peru, makes the
following remarks on the culture and preservation
of rutabaga. — Alb. Cult.

" Some of my neighbors object to raising this
root, on the ground of the expense and trouble. I
presume they do not consider that in the I'lrst place
the seed, compared with that of potatoes, is a mere
trifle; that the sowing of an acre is but a morning
walk, provided they are supplied with a drill bar-
row, which every one should have ; and that when
sown in drills, a great share of the work can be
performed with a small plow. Tho harvesting can
be accomplished in one third of the time required
for potatoes ; if you are not provided with a regu-
lar turnip hook, a common hoe will answer if made
sharp. The easiest way of keeping them through
the winter, is to level a piece in a dry place, build
them up in the form of a house roof, covering them
with a light coat of straw, and six or eight inches
of earth, not more. I have kept them in this way
a number of ^yinters, and always found them very
nice in the spring. I!c sure not to put on too much
earth, since if kept loo warm they will decay. 1
know this from experience. W. K."

A hole made by a crowbar or etake, through the
top of turnip heaps, and kept open, will allow the
heated air to escape, and prevent the decay apoken
of by W. K.

Old Recipes. — " A atick o* brimstone wore in the
pocket is good for them as has cramps.

" A haddock's back bone carried in the pocket,
is beautiful in the rheumatiz.

"If you've got the hiccups, pinch one of your
wrists, and hold your breath while you count sixty
— or get somebody to make you jump by sudden
fright

" For the ear-ache, put an ing'un (onion) in your
ear, after it is well roasted."

Grated horse-radish is said to be excellent to eat
in case of hoaraeness from a cold.

380

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JCNE 1, 1S4S

From ihe Maine Farmer.

GRIEP IN THE POTATO BIN.

Mil Editor — Notivillittanding all that h«s been
said and sunt,' about potatoes, for a tiundred years
past, it don't appear that we know all about them
yet that we ought to know. In your last monthly
there was a letter Oorn Samuel Stetson, of Stetson,
on that subject, which I do n't e.xactly believe in ;
but what I was "roinj to tell you about more partic-
ularly is, that it has kicked up a terrible bobbery
in my potato bins. My boy Tom ii rather a naughty
roguish fellow, and so he took it into his head to
have a little fun with the potatoes that had lived
together all wmter as peaceably and quietly as
lambs. What does the rogue do, but just while he
was picking up a basket full to boil for the hogs,
tells them of this new project of friend Stetson, to
separate them for the whole summer; and when 1
went down to get a mug of cider, why you may de-
pend on 't, they were all in a great hubbub, and
began to assail me from all quarters, in groans and
laniPntations and remonstrances.

The long red Laplanders were the most uproari-
ou.s. What does this mean, uncle Hill? said they.
Are we to be deprived of our dearest privileges,
after having come four thousand miles across the
briny ocean to gratify the appetites of your ever
devouring and never satisfied Yankees ? Hitherto
we have lived in peace side by side of our dear
connexions, and have raised up largo families to
the satisfaction of all concerned ; and now to be
compelled to break those dear connexions, to be
banished to difiercnt departments of the land, to be
fenced from each other's view, no more to inter-
change the sweet fragrance of each other's blos-
soms, no more to elory in each other's verdure, but
to live sad, solitary and alone — this is too much.

The Chenango Philadelphians cried out — Dear
uncle Bill, are we who have so long lived through
go many summers in the full bloom of brotherly
love, reciprocating sweets from all around us, now
to be pent up in a corner, deprived of all social
commnnion ami wreslcd from one of our inaliena-
ble rights ? Do, uncle Bill, put a stop to this
naughty project, if it be possible.

The Pink Eyes appeared as if they had almost
cried their eyes out, and prayed most earnestly that
they might be saved from the threatened calamity.

The Franconia Blue Noses were snivelliug in
sad lamentation, and declared that they wished
they had never como from under (ho guardianship
of Gov. Hill and the and hills of New Hampshire,
to gratify those who wcru disposed to use them so
unrighteously.

The Lady Fingers, pretty creatures, said noth-
ing but looked sad. The Kidneys said the man
who introduced this project, must be suffering un-
der the bilious disease. The Hog Horns thought
he ought to be rooted out of society, and the Ro-
hans observed that as they were rather strangers
among thorn, they would simply say, that they
would unite in any measure the majority thought
best.

Well, sir, I could n't appease lhem"any other way
than by promising to write immediately to Dr.
Holmes and get him to do his best to prevent this
ncw.fanglcd notion of .Mr Stetson's from getting
into fashion.

Now, sir, I think as how this Mr Stetson is alto-
gether mistaken, for I have talked with one doctor
about the matter, and he is a real learned man and
knows all about botany and all the ologies, Sic.

He says Mr S.'s notions are without any founda-
tion. He says that one field of potatoes cannot
possibly have any influence on another field, how.
ever near it may be, but if we raise new roots from
the potato seeds in their balls, we shall see the ef-
fect of various kinds being cultivated in the same
fields. This appears to be about right, so far as I
have had experience, and if you have no objection,
I wish you would put this into your Farmer.

BILL BARLEYCORN.

From the Poughkeepsie Journal.

THE NECESSITY OF PROTECTION TO

THE FARMING INTEREST.

To the FarmtiB — particulnrty to the Farmers of

Dutchess County.

So far as I can perceive, as a resident of the
country, there appears a general indifference
among the farming interest concerning the necessi-
ty of a protective Tariff, to sustain the Manufac-
turing labor of the country, denomiated a Protec-
tion to Manufacturers, as if they were n class to be
mainly benefited by such an act, and in which
you were not interested. To illustrate the sub-
ject by a plain statement of practical facts, that
you and all others may see, if they will take the
trouble to read, I propose giving a detailed state-
ment of the consumption of the products of Agri-
culture by a Woollen Factory in this country, and
of the great disparity in amount of investment,
between agricultural and manufacturing capital,
that you may form a correct judgment as to tho
necessity of a Protective Tariff on that hranch of
manufacture, and whether it is the manufacturer or
the farmer that has most of a pecuniary interest at
stake.

The duty on Wool for the past fifteen years has
averaged about forlj/eight per ceitt. which has for
some years amounted to a prohibition (or very
nearly so,) of all foreign Wool of a quality that
came in competition with American Wool, the
price of Wool in Europe being from twentyfive
to fifty per cent, below ours, but not sufficiently
low to import and pay duties, freight and other
charges and leave a saving on cost — consequently
little or none has been imported.

The duty on Woollen Goods, as laid by the Ta-
riff during the same lime, has averaged ahoai forty-
five per cent., but not over two-thirds of that du-
ty, during the greater portion of the time, has ev-
er been collected — owing to fraudulent entries ,at
the Custom Houses. The importation of woollens
being mainly in the hands of foreigners, the re-
sult has been that the woollen manufacturers have
in many instances become bankrupt; those who
have sustained lliemsclves have realized so small a
profit on their capital that it would not pay the
wear and tear and depreciation of their establish-
ments. The duty on woollen goods is now redu-
ced lo twentyninc per cent, and on the 30th of June
next, a further reduction takes place, reducing the
duly to twenty per cent. How is it possible, if,
under a duly of fortyfive per cent., the manufac-
turers have been only so partially protected, that
they have not made a sufficient profit lo make good
wear and tear and depreciation of their establiali-
nient, that they can sustain themselves under a du-
ty of tivcnty per cent.' I prophesy, and time will
prove whether I am a false prophet, that unless the
duty is greatly increased above twenty per cent,
there will not be one woollen manufactory in twen-

■f:

ty in operation on the first of January, )64:}. TI in
surplus productions of European workshops will \ 1 1]
poured in upon us under the twenty per cent, dul S
— foreigners have wool and many other materii
twenty per cent, cheaper than we have, labor
least thirty per cent cheaper, interest of mone
twentyfive per cent, cheaper than here, their hoi
market secured to them by prohibitory duties.

That you, the wool and grain growers of tl
North and West, may have data on which to ma!
up your minds, who is the party (the farnirr
the manufacturer) most interested in a protect!
Tariff, 1 will give a detailed statement of the opcij
ations of one of your most important customtrs,
your own doors, denominated a " woolleji tiianufc
lory" in the town of Fishkill, Dutchess county

The Glenham Company have a capital of oni
hundred and forty thousand dollars, consisting main.
ly of a few acres of land, their factory building^
machinery, water power, and dwelling houses fa
the operatives, their sole business is the mannfa^
luring of wool into broadcloths, cassimercs, &.c,
they give constant daily employment to one hun
dred and seventy persons, men, women and chil
dren. The past year, 1641, they uied in their mu)
factory

173,000 Ibe. of American fleece wool, which cM

$73,8(H
8,.')00 gallons of olire oil, (on which the

Government received a revenue of $700,

being a duly of 20 cents a gallon,) cost
770 gallons sperm oil, .
11,174 lbs. of soap,
75,1)00 teazles,
22,500 pelts,
143 cords of wood,
270 tons of anthracite coal,
50 chaldrons Nova Scotia coal, (duly $108)
t),0S9 lbs. indigo, (government revenue by

duties ,$900,;
Dye stuffs, viz : log-wood, alum, copperas,

madder, sumac, 4:c. &c. (mostly foreign) 2,50
Sundries, 4,50

$101,601
Wages paid to the 170 operatives for the

year, 40,00

Total, $111,001

Let us see the amount of agricultural rapiti
now in requisition, which that manufacturing ea
tablishment requires to keep it in operation, am
that furnishes a market for such agricultural id
vestment :

I. To produce 173,000 Ibt. of wool will rcquin
the fleeces of 6t),000 sheep, at their present lowel
value in Dutchess county, I put down at $2 pa
head, is $132,001

n. To support that immense flock of
sheep wiih winter fodder and summer
pasture, I am informed by a sheep raiser,
that not more than three sheep can be
kept on an acre, consequently 22,000
acres of land will be the required quan-
tity for their maintenance, at the low.
est price that lands ran be had in the
county, which will support three sheep
to the acre, I estimate at .$50 the acre, is 1,100,001

HI. Nut less than .500 persons are
supported out of the labor of the 170 op-
eratives, and consume weekly of the
product of agriculture, of beef, pork,
flour, butter, milk, eggs, cheese, &.c. &c.

4,001

i,i:h
\;m

5&

m

1.641

451

10,001

\ \. NO. 48.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

38 1

iiR lowem cslimalioii, of the vtlua of
) per week, fur tlip year of 52 neeka,
lU.KX) per annum. Iutelli);ent far-
I leil ine that it must bo an induitri-
inan, on a f«r:u of 'J(H) acres of fair
;:r l.ind, >tIiu can tell to the amount
SOi) per annum over and above the
ily of his oirn family and work handa.
uniisli, ihcrcforo, the supply f»r the
ufactiirers would rei)uir« thirteea
a of "iUO acres each, is 3,G00 acres,
h I estimate at $70 per acre, is 182,000

V. A farther inTestincnt of agricuU
I capital ia required to furnish the
les, (ire-wood, coil, provender for
horses, &.€. Sic, estiinated at 6,000

$i,4aa,ooo

hiis, one million four hundred and iwontytwo
s:ind dollars is the agricultural capital now in
isition to supply the manufacturing investment
ily one hundred and forty thousand dollars,
challenge refutation on the foregoing attte-
t of facta. .■Xgriculturists, examine it closely
carefully, and then s.iy who is most to be ben-
;d by a protective tariff, which will enable that
lisliment to continue the operation, you or the
ufaclurer.' Every woollen manufactory in the
itry in proportion to its extent, ia alike the
;el for the agriculturist for his wood and his
isions. If tliat establishment is driven to a
^sinn nf its operations for the want of ade-
( protection, it is quite probable that others
cease to operate from the same cause.
re then, will you find a market for the pro-
of your farms ? Should the present Tariff
go into effect, which imposes a duty of twenty
:ent. after the 30lh June next, it will be utter-
id entirely out of the question for the manu-
irers of wool to sustain themselves for a single
th against foreign competition, under so sig-
■nt a protection. England will take your
ID pay fur her broadcloths at 25 cents the
id, for tiie same quality you have been selling
■)ast year at 45 cents, (wool being a raw mate-
she only levies one cent the pound duty, to
er manufacturers.)

jt your other productions, such as your beef,
. flour, lumber, itc , are loaded with so heavy

ity, that it amounts nearly to a prohibition

r now pays in England a duty of three dollars

1 quarter the barrel. Very little if any of the

ucts of your farms enter into the composition

yard of foreign broadcloth ; whereas, the

rican is almost wliolly of American product

labor. The suspension of the woollen manu-

ircs will throw out of employ a population,

filths of whom are women and children, who

ncapable of agricultural labor. They who are

all consumers of agricultural products must,

necessity, become in part producers, and add

n e already overstocked market of the products

jriculture. What insane, what fatal policy, to

ign iiur manufactories to destruction, and our

en and children to beggary and want, (which

be the inevitable result) if the present tariff

goes into effect. If they are sacrificed, you

ers, when too late, will find that your interest

. follow suit, for want of the home market the

n ufacturev now furnishes. Europe will not take

bread stuffs, they raise enough for themselves.

''here, I will ask, are you to find a market for

productiotu now consumed by the manufactur-

iag population, wlucli have been llius far tustainod
by laws of protection, now about being abandoned,
uiileaa tho farming interest will arouse to rescue
them, and save their lioine market • If you be-
lieve in the truth of (hoso rcmnrks, lot our rcpre-
aentative be instructed to stand by our interests,
against the Free trudo sophistry of the Suutheru
Niillificrs. Tlicy have taken most osprcial care
that their productions shall not be interfered with
by the introduction of similar articles of foreign
growlli. 'I'lioir cotton, rice, and tobacco, are pro-
tected by prohibitory duties: not a pound of for-
eign cotton, or rice, enter.s into American con-
sumption. If I liave understood the votes our rep-
resentative in Congress has recently given on the
incidental reference of the TnrilV (jucstion, they
have been against Protection, and hostile to your
interests, and of tho prosperity of the county and
State he represents. If such are his views, I hope
and trust that his constituents will see the necessi-
ty of instructing him otherwise, that Protection be
sustained.

Tho agricultural and manufacturing industry of
the North I consider in a most critical and dan.
gerous position ; our Currency prostrated, and but
a shadow of a chance of being speedily improved ;
the nation as well as individuals heavily in debt to
foreigners, and the main hope for better times
must rest on a Protective Tariff. Protection to the
manufacturing industry under which the nation
has so signally prospered, began on the immediate
adoption of the Constitution ; and as a proof that
protection was intended, the heading or the caption
to Vnefinl law passed in 171)1 reads as follows :
" If'hertas, it is necessary for the support of Gov-
ernment, for the discharge of the debts oj the United
Stales, and the encourugcment and protection of man-
ufactures, that duties be laid on goods, wares and
merchandise imported ;"* and laws designed for
protection have continued to be enacted ever since,
recognizing protection. What consummate folly,
thfrefore, not to say wickedness, of some of the
members in Congress, to waste the time of the
House at this moment debating the constitutionali-
ty of laws for protection ! Those interests that
have been the most thoroughly protected by legis-
lative enactments, have been the most successful,
viz : navigation, ship building, manufactures of
leather, carriages, cabinet ware, hats, coarse cotton
goods, and a thousand other articles which the do-
mestic producer has now furnished, excluding al-
most wholly the foreign article, and furnishing a
large ainounl for export.

Meetings ought to be called in every town be-
fore it is too lata, to memorialize Congress so to
adjust the tarifl" that every interest is thoroughly
protected. If the manufacturers are prostrated,
the farming interest must also fall, so fur, at least,
as any proht on their industry is concerned.

The manufacture of iron, cotton, and in fact ev-
ery branch of industry, is but the handmaid of ag-
riculture. Wlien they flourish, the agriculturist is
moat generally prosperous. S.

'In 17!trj General Washington in his speech made the
followinij reniarkfi — '* Congresi have repentfijly directed
their Attention to the encouTOgemtnt of manufactures;
the object is of loo mucli iniportance not to insure a con-
tinuance of these efTdrts jn every way wliicli shall np-
p«ar eligible." — Mr. Jefferson in his ineisiige of 1802,
stales '* tfiat to cultivate peace, maintain commerce and
navigitti'iii, to foaler our fiaheries and protect manufac-
tures, fidupted to our circumstances, Sec , are tfie land-
marks by which to guide ourselves in .'ill our relaiiuni."
Other Pretidenti have held the same language.

III.ACK GUM IN CHERRY AND PLUM
TREES.

In almost every direction that we travel, wo no-
tice the almost complete destruction of tho cherry
and plum trees. It is dona by a small insect
which dcpoiites an egg in tho bark. .Soon after
the hatching of the worm, a fungus kind of wood
shows iuelf, which turns black, and finally tho tree
dies.

The only remedy that we know is, pruning off
the diseased branches and burning them up. This,
to bo effectual, should be done by all who liave
trees so aSectcd, for unless all do it, they allow a
new awarm of the enemy to come forth to continue
their depredations upon the same or other trees.
We should judge from the many iinsiglilly treoe in
the country, that little or nothing had been done,
and, as a natural consequence, moat nf the treea
are dead, or very nearly bo. There is onothcr re-
medy which euggestcd itself to our mind on read-
ing Boucherie's method of charging trees with dif-
ferent fluids. Might not some fluid be put into the
circulation wliich would not kill the tree, and yet
kill the insects? \Vc have heard that if sulphur
be put into a hole bored in an apple, quince or oth-
er tree infested with the borers, it would kill them.
We have never seen this done, and are at some
loss to conceive how it can act, unless particles of
the dry sulphur are taken up by the sap and floated
through (he vessels until they come in contact with
the insect or worm. It is possible, however, that
some new substance may be formed by the combi-
nation of the sulphur with some element of the
sap and thus be the means of producing the effects
alleged.

Boucherie found that by cutting a notch in the
trunk of a tree so as to hold a portion of any fluid,
while the tree was in leaf, it would rise and be
circulated throughout the whole trunk and limbs.

Experiments ought to be instituted in order to
ascertain what fluids nioy be thus injected which
shall be death to insects but health to the tree. —
Maitie Farmer.

WILL CHARCOAL ON LAND PREVENT
RUST IN WHEAT?

A writer, Mr J. H. Hepburn, in the Transactions
of the New York State Agricultural Society, says
that he has "just been made acquainted with anoth-
er result of the application of charcoal to arable
land — that is, wherever charcoal has been applied,
rust never affects the growing crop of wheat. That
wherever a field generally had been ' struck with
rust,' as it is called, these places where he had ap-
plied charcoal, invariabli/ escaped."

Has any one observed anything of the kind in
Maine? The only place where its effects would
be likely to be exhibited, are where coalpits had
been made and the old bottoms sowed over with
the rest of the field. It has not been long aince
the direct application of charcoal has been recom-
mended as a manure, and very few people have
tried Its efticacy at all, and that on but a very
small scale. There may be many instances, how-
ever, where coal hearths are left and where tha
good or bad results may be noted. If applied di-
rect, we presume it ought to be made fine. — Ibid.

As the enn breaking in winter, ao is joy in tha
season of affliction. As a shower in the midst of
summer, so are the salutary drops of sorrow min-
gled in our cup of pleasure.

382

NEW E N G L A x\ D FARMER,

JVNE 1, 181

AM) HORTICULTURAL RK0I3TER.

BosTOK, Wedkesdxt, Jdre 1, 1842.

TII.LA6E-CARE OF THE CROPS.

Cropi of marly every kind, derive tieneiit from fre-
quent stirrings of llio enrtli Droun'l their roots If wa mis-
take nut, many farmers nre accustumed, when the corn-
field or potato field is not weedy, to infer that hoeing is
not culled fi>r. It is true that when weeds are abundant,
the crop does require cleaning; but it diie< not fol-
low that whin there iiro no weeds the crop is doing as
well as good husbandry can make it do. For the object
of plowing, cultiriUoring (?) harrowing, |jufin;i, &c., is
not snUlij to destroy weeds. Every stirring of the soil
bring.s new p.iiticle8 of soil or of manure and soil togeth
er, and promotes new chemical and new mechanical
changes in it. This stirring makes the soil give out
more freely food for the plants, and makes of the soil an
easier and morn agreeable bed for the roots to expand in.

What is the best process of tillage for Indian corn, (or
instance. If much manure has been put in the hill, it is
necensnry to put so much earth upon it, as to keep the
manure from drying up. In such cares the common
mode of plowing between the rows and e.irthing up, is
nece.isary. But where the manure has all, or nearly
all been spread, the crop does well without any hill.

The ground should be often stirred— but how ? Shall
we run the plow or cultivator or harrow deep, and loos-
en the earth as far down as we can .' orshull we merely
scratch the surface.' In years pait we have maintained
that it is important to spare the roots of the growing
corn ; and have prefijrrcd ming a light horkc-liarruw to
any other implement; and our course has been success-
ful. But it does not (ollow from this that we miiy not
do betti'r.

When reading last year the Essays upon Husbandry,
by Ri'V. Jared Eliot, published in 1747, and from which
we extracted freely into our columns, we were much
impressed by a slutcmcnt there mode in regard to ihu
efTrcls of peculujr tillogc upon the carrot crop. This
was raised without manure. Th« rows were put wide
apart, and sofm after the plants came up, the earth was
plowed away from them, the plow running very near
the pliinls. After t few days, thesp furrows wer4 turned
back towards the plants. A few days subsequently to
this, fuirows were again turned fromtht plants, but the
plow did not run quite so near them as at the first time.
Then after a few days the fuirows were turned back —
ond this process of turning off and on, was repeated five
• r six limes. But at each time of turning of)', the plow
WIS kept a little farther from the plants than before.

The consequence of all this was that ho obtained car-
rots 8,0 and 10 inches in circumference, where in the
common way of cultivation h« could not have had th»m
larger " than a common dipped tallow candle." And
though liis rows were six fret apart or more, he obtained
230 bushels per acre.

Tho minute fibrous roots of the carrot extend laterally
farther than we are apt to observe. And it is only a
fair supposition that the b'iitcr the statu of the ground,
or tb.1t the more recently tho ground has been stirred
bifore the roots extend into it, the bettor the crop will
grow. Tho course pursued by Mr Eliot was odmiiabiy
fitted to furnish to the roots a fresh supply of soil fnuii
week to week, and this soil in alight and pulverized
Slate.

Tho question whirh his praeticw and liia success in
tliiscaso have suggested, is this: whether we might not

benefit our corn, our potaloe«, and all other crops by
commencing early with plowing ihe earth away from
one sida of the row, letiing the plow run eery near Ihe
plants — say within two or lliiee inches ; then we might
turn this earth back immediately, or let it remain
two or three days, and ibcn turn it back. After this
was d>'n< we might plow away from the other side;
ut the proper time turn this back. When it became ne-
cessary to plow of! again, keep tho plow 4 or 5 inches
/rom the plant. And thus repcU the process as long as
was necessary — taking 'care all Ihe time to keep the
plow far enough from the plants not to harm many nf
the roots.

At ihe last time of going over the ground, it may be
well to use the light harrow and level the whole sur-
face.

This is merely theory — hook farming — we give it only
as such. If any of our renders shall find in it any in-
ducement to make a lew limited experiments, the theo-
ry may possibly prove to be of some service.

A fact that has some bearing upon this point, may be
brought from the practice of some of the most successful
Scotch cultivators of the potato, who after the plants
come up, take ofT the mould-board from the plow, and
then running the coulter as near to the plants as they
can, let the share pass directly under the seed and plants.
The effect is to stir the ground that the 6rst roots will
enter just as they begin to want food.

SOU FENCE.

We have somewhere read tliat Ihe peasants, in por-
tions o( France, inclose their small farms with fences of
siidsorluif; and that on these fences they grow must
of their fuel. Where we met with the account we do
not now recollect; but the perusal left in our memory s
distinct impression of all thai was needful for imitatinf;
the process.

Last autumn, the public good, required the county
commissioners to open a way throu|;h our prirale do-
mains and impose upon us the burthen of consiructing
145 rods of fence. Wo had neither wood nor stone for
ilie purpose. Along portions of the line we bad a tole-
rably good upland sward — some of the way was bog
meadow — and some, a brittle Upland soil. In October
last, we commenced laying up sods — tin- fence four feel
wide at the surface of the ground, and two feet wide at
3 1-2 feet from the surface. At the sides we trenched
from (me and a half to two feet in both width and depth.
So that from the bottom of tho dilch to the lop of the
fence was five feet or more. We completed about thir-
ty rods last autumn and sowed apple pomace upon it.
The hoys— and somo of them full grown — have found
it agreeable to make this fence a foat path through the
wiiilcr and spring, and have so trodden down tho cover-
ing of the pomace, that wo shall have no trees this sen-
son. But as soon ns the road is made, and it is known
in the vicinity that tho top of the fenca is planted, wo
sImII have no evil of the kind to complain of. The
fi.nce itself— though the winter was nno to try it — has
stood well. Wo have laid the foundation and brought
towards completion nearly one hundred rods more.
Much of the way we nie obliged to haul the sods a few
rods, und to mix in hard brako-huniinocks, or brake
heads, brought from the pasture lands that wo are
breaking up. With one or two layers of these, wc can
make a fence of earth, even where there is little if nny
sward. What the expense of putting up this kinil of
fence will be, we havn no means of dolerniining accu-
rately. But it will not exceed fifty cents per rod. It
requires the soil of a sirip ot land a rod wide or more, to
make such a fence — but tijis is not all lost land. In

three or four years it will all grass over, and the fe^
proper will besr a good crop of grass.

One of our neighbors having watched our ope
and seen how our fence stood the winter, has bt^ '
about 80 tods of such fence this spring. He had nM d
all the way a tolerably good sward, and an easy sulii ;
to shovel. Ilis fence was built by the labor of | i 1'
men in II 1-2 days afler the ground was plowed. 7 | '
plowing might cost from a dolLir to a dollar and a bi | '

Where rocks are abundant, stone wall is the besiM
on a farm. Where rails and posts are at hand, the/ [ ,[
well; but where neither can be had convanicnllv,i
where the soil itself admits of being formed into a fen
there the sod fence may be desirable.

Should any one desire any farther inlormation up«
this subject, we shall be happy to commuoicste all ttn
we posstss.

Lime. — A striking instance of the effect of lima in
verting animal matter into manure is contained in tk
following extract from RufTm's Essay on Calcareous Mt
nurcs :

" The carcase of a cow, killud by accident late in Ik
spring was laid on the ground, and covered by about il
bushels of broken shells mixed with 45 bushels of esrti
chiefly silicious. After the rains had settled the hst^
it was only six inches thick over the highest part of tit
carcass. The process of putrefaction was so slow, ihi!
several weeks passed before it was over ; nor was it evu
BO violent as to throw off any etlluvia that the cnlcin-
ous earth did not intercept in its escape, so that no oflsi-
sive smell was ever perceived. In October the who*
heap was carried out and applied to one sixth of an scr-
of wheal; and the effect produced far exceeded thstc
the calcareous manure alone, which was applied at \ht
same time on the surrounding land."

The same valuable work contains a caution to tin
farmer, which may save him from dangerous error.
" He is not to suppose that calcareous earth . an cnrid
a soil by direct means. It destroys the woi.sl Inc .,f pr»-
ductiveness, aridity, and uses to the greatest odvaiitigr
the fertilizing powers of other manures ; but of iiself it
gives no fertility to soils, nor furnishes the least food fe
growing plants." In other words, it is the strong bd
for the treasure, but not the treasure itself.

Lime also possesses the property of making san^
soils closer and firmer, and clayey soils lighter, lliii
mean between two extremes. — Darid Thomas' s Jlddresi.

Thorough Culture. — I am satisfied that we have bets
loo saving of our harrows. Thirty years ago, there w«
a method of plowing in this country called "cut ni
cover." It was plowing, not to the shares, but to thi
halves — the furrow slice covering the space wheru a fur-
row ought to have been. I am appiehensivc thai uui
ideas of harrowing were learned in the some sr ho'J
When grain is sowed, is it not the prevailing upnii*
that it is harrowed enough when the seed is covi rrd^
I had apiece of land harrowed sixteen times in on' <ia;,
and was satisfied the labor was well applied

For beets, or corn, or polaloes, what would l>r lU
cITect of plowing in a heavy dressing of stable m lauri.
harrowing twice, and repeating tho operations cf Ilii
plowing and hnrrowings fiiur times more, adding; eaci
time to the depth of the soil ? 1 have not yet pcrrrmti
the experiment, but the nearer I have approachid it. till
finer has been tha crop. Thorough culluro would mo!>
to require that every little lump should bebmlxn.!)
that the roots could wander freely in every direction, sn<
that every drop of a summer shower should be caujbl
and retained for future use. Hard land and thin saik
have some resemblance to a dish bottom upwards. — A

, V. \(>. 4>i.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER.

383

SAClirSKTTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'.
nih'iurnril iiKctiuR will be held Saturdar, June 4lh, al
■ L, A M EBEN. WIlUIT

lice. Sec'y.

rilKllMO.MKTRICAl,.
Rp|u>tlrdlurllir Nrw Eiiilnnd Karnirr.
puf lUe rtiermuuietcrnl (he (lardetiur tlir proprieton
.New F.nKl.iiiil Farmer, Urigiiion, Maw. in a ahaded
lyxponure, fur ihewerk eii<llng Mnr 29.

Lv, 1^43. I S.A.M. I 12, M. I 7,P.M. | Wind.

iM lO.N iMARKKT.— MoNDAr, May SO, 1842.

KclKitlrdrurlhe .Nrw Enllanil Farmrr.
.M:irl;ci 2jn Ueel Catlle, 12 pairs Working oxen,
f anil Calvrs, SOO Sliecp and lOCO Swine.
tf— Rtef Cattle. Last week's prices were fully
t-d. A few extra $0 00. First qii.iliiy, $5 50 a
Second quality, $5 50. Tliitd quality, $4 75 a

' Oien —Sales SO, 90, 05, and $98.
s and Calces. Sales 22, 25, 28, 30, and $35.
o. Sales of lots from 1 .'lO to $3 00.
e. — Lots to peddle 3 a 3 1-4 for ■ows,and4a4 1-4
■OW3. Large barrows 3 a 3 1-2. At retail, from

IIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Correded uilh great care, weekly.

")S Herds Rrass, %'i 75 to 3 00 porliushel. Red Top,
Ills, (.'lover— iVnrihern, 11 to I2e.— Southern, 9
1 I;n Seed, i2 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 25 c.per lli.
"" Ml. J4 50 a 5 00 per bushnl.
IN. .Sales consist of yellow flat Com, 53 a 58 l-2c,
57 ; 3000 bushels Maryland yellow, equal to
CI. Oats, Southern. 4'2c : safes by auction of
lels Maryland do, 42 a 42 l-2c; Northern Rye, 72c,

— Xorlhern, bushel 62 to do. Round Yellow 60

Southern Flat Yellow 57 n 58 —White do. 56 a 57

f — a Rye, Northern, 73 a 74 — do. Southern,

-Oats, Southern, 4ii a 42 — Northern do. 45 to 47—
ler bushel 75 a 1 50.— Shorts, per double busl^. 40 a

'R. The transactions consist of Genesee, J6 44 a
Michigan, 86 37 a 6 44 ; Ohio, warranted sound,
id a parcel do. do flat hoop, a shade under 86 37

Georgetown, bakers' use, J6 C2, cash; Howard

dodo.

nore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. 86 58 a do

«6 no a — do. free of garlic, 86 25 a Phila-

Ho. 4 mos. 86 25 a Krederitksbursr. lowl'd 4

12 a 6 25*- Alejandria, wharf mountain,— — a
■rgelown, 86 25 a 6 75— Richmond Canal, 86 25 a 6 50
ly, «7 uoa 7 25— Petersburgh, South side Srooa —
lunirv 86 no a 6 2.'j— Genesee, common, cash, 86 44 a

0 lancT brands S« 50 a 6 62 — Ohio Tia Canal,
i 25— do do New Orleans, cash 86 i U a 6 12. Ryej
< OU— India-i Meal in bbls., 13 00 a 3 12.
VISIONS. The public sales comprise the follow-
bbls western, eilra clear Pork, til 25 a II 50 per
lodo»t0 62 a tl do; 20 do Mess 87 75 do, and
n 37 do 4 mos. : 500 kci;s Western Lard 5 5 8 a
mos ; 20 bbls Western Mess Beef «S 25 per bbl. ;
me do 86 do. 188 bbls extra clear Pork and mess
ay at 8t0, and latUr 86 HO per bbl.

Mess, 4 I.IO. new bbl. 89 00 8 9 50 — NaTy— 83 00 a
1 . 87 25 a 7 60— do Prime 84 50 a 5 00— Pork-
car, 4 mo. bbl. (12 a — — do Clear $10 a II

ss — a do Prime 86 2j a 6 00— do Mess

;r Stales — a — .—do Prime do do, 8S 25 n 5 50

rijo do do — a Clear do do 8lO 00 a 1 1 00

nipping 6 a II— do store, uninspected, 10 a 14— do
a 17. — Lard, No. I, Boston ius- G 1-2 a 6— do
d Western, 5 1-2 a 5 3-4 — Hams, Boston, 7 a 7 1-2
thern and Western, 3 a 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4

1 3— do new milk, 9 a to.

... Duty. The T.ilue whereof at the place of ex-
ahall not exceed 8 cts. per pound, free. All wherc-
ff lue exceeds S cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. lal. and
pound.

Prime or Saxony Flceci's, washed, lb. 44 a 46 c— Amor,
(can full blood.do 4U II 42--Llu 3 4 do. 37 a 40— Do. l-2do
83 a SS'-l-4 and common do 30 a 31 — Smyrna Sheep,
washed, 8U a 25— Do. unwashed, lu a 13— llengiisi do
8 a 10— Sa«onj, clean, — liuenns Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10—
do. do. lucked, 12 a 16 — Superfine Northern pulled landi 36
a 38— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 a 34— No. 2 do do do 21 u 24-
No. 3 do dodo 12 a It.

HOP."i. The English market was very firm at the last
advices. The accounts from the plantations were quite fa-
vorable to the vine

1st son, Mass. 1841 per lb 10 a II. — Sd do do do °.

HAY. per ton. 819 to 22- Eastern Screwed 814 to 16

CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 4 to 6c.— New 5 to 8.

EUGS. 13 a 16.

DAIII.I.V A.\U KKAN POI.KS.

500 dozen Dahlia aiul [lean Poles ; also, 500 Spruce Poles
12 to 30 feet in length, for sale by MOSES FRENCH Jn.,
Maine wharf near tne bottom of Summer st.

June I, 1842. 3vv

(iAHDK.X A.M> I'lKLO NKKD.S.

JOSEPH IIRKCK & <'(). bnv r. . , md ll...,r full supply
of Harden and Field Seeds, which the) uniiont lu be pure
and Iresh, aa follows:

Early (,'eilo Nulli Pens.

" Warwick do.

" Dwaifdo.

Washinxton do.

" Frame (fo.
Itlue Imperial do,
nbirrowliit, »\ic.
While Allriiighuin (nrrui
Long Orange do.

Early H..rii do
Mnngel Wurlzel Beet.
Sugar do,
long Ueddn.
Early Turnip do.
Ruin Kaga.

1'uriiips 111 great varo-t
Early and Late Ben
borti.

WANTED

To hire from 15 to 60 acres of land with buildings, from 3 to
10 miles of Boston. Communication to the oiiice of this
paper will be attended to. 3t* May 25

KEiOL,VlN» UL>RSE RAKB.

This is one of the most useful and labor saving machines
now in use. One man and a horse with a boy to lead, will
rake on an average from 26 to 30 acres per day, with ease
and do the work well There is a great advantage in this
rake over all others, as the person using it does not have lo
stop the horse to unload the rake. For sale by J. BllECK
&CO., No. 52 North Market St. May 22.

■WILLIS'S L.ATKST l.'tlPROVED SEKD SOWEIS.

A<1HICU1.TUUAI. IMPL.KiUISNT>, A.C

The Proprielors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Sioic No. 51 and 52 North Market sireel,
would iiibirm their cuslomers and the public generally (hat
they have on bond the most extensive ashortment of Agri.
cultuial and Horticuituml Tools to be found in the United
States. Part of which are the following :

In using this machine, the farmer may be ceitain that
his seed is put into the ground, and at thfi same time
in the best possible manner. There lias been a great
difficulty in mailiincs for sowini; garden seeds; thuy
are very apt to clog up, and the farmer might go over an
acre of land and n^it sow a sin-'le seed ; but not so with
this ; it is so consirucicd that it cannot possibly clog.
Ill using this snwer, the farmer can save one half of
his seed, and do the work at less than one quarter the
expense of the common way of sowing, and ha^e it
done in a much better manner; it opens the funow,
drops the seed, covers it over and rolls them down.
It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Bagii,
Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips, Carrots. Beets, Parsnips, On-
ions, ^c. For sale at the New England Agricultural
Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North Mar-
ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK&CO.
April 20

POUDHETTR.

For sale 20« Barrels Poudrette, at 82 per barrel, bv J.
BRECK it, CO, 61 and 52 North Market St., Boston.
May 18.

lUdO Howard's Patent Cast

luo doz. Cast Steel ShoveU.

Iron Ploughs

150 " (Common do.

3(11) Common do. do.

100 " Siiades.

21)0 Cultivators.

600 " Grass Scythes.

luo (ireene's Straw Cutters.

300 " Patent Snaithi.

60 Willis' do. do.

200 " Common do.

1 00 Common do. do.

61)0 " Hay Rakes.

too WiKis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden do.

Shellers.

200 " Manure Forks.

60 Common d.i do.

300 " Hay do.

2o0 Willis' Seed Sowers.

SOU Pair Trace Chains.

60 " Vegetable Cutters

100 " Truck do.

GO Common do. do.

too Dralt do.

200 Hond Corn Mills.

600 Tie up do.
60 doz. Halter do.

200 Grain Cradles.

100 Ox Yokes.

1000 yards Fence do.
25 Grind Stones on rollm.

1500 Doz. Scythe Stones.

3000 '• Austin's Rifles.

March 17.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in the
form and workmanship o( these Ploughs ; the mould beard
has been so formed as to lay the J'urrow rompletely oocr.
turning in every particle of g-rass orslul>ble, andieaving (he
ground in the best possible manner. The length of the
mould lioaril has b( n very much increased, so that the
Ploiii;li works with the greatest ease, both with respect t*
the lioldiiig and ihe team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, sav,

*' Should our opinion he as^ed as to which of the Ploughs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might perhaps say to
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to work,
try Prouty & Mears, but if your landis heavy, hard orruc'.y,
BEGiK WITH Mr. Howabd's.''

At the above mentioned irial the Howard Plough did
more work, with Ihe same ptwer of team, than any other
plough exhibited. No other turned more than twentyseveo
and one half inches, to the 112 lbs. draught, while the
Howard Plough turned twcntynine and one half inehes, t«
Ihe same power of team .' All acknowledge that Howord'a
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There bos been quiie an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side ol this Plough, winch can be renewed without
having to furnish a new land.siile: this shoe likewise^ecuiea
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 to *I5. A Plough,
sufficieui for breaking up with four callle, will cost abotii
*lo 50, and with cutter 81, with wheel and cutter, 82 £•
extra.

The al ove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, al
Ihe New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Sture,
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Street, bv

JOSEPH BRECK &. CO.

April 20

DAHLIAS.

For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North
Market sireel, a large assortment of Double l)ahlias of th*
finest varieties. JCSEPH BRECK & CO.

Boston, May 3, 1842.

DAHLIA POLES.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., oSer for sale 1000 superior
Dahlia Poles, with the bark pealed ofl, in bundles of too, or
by the dozen. Boston, May 3, 1842.

884

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.

JCNE 1, IS! .

MISCELLANEOUS

"I recollected the conclusive evidence of his nt-
tachiiictit and dependence, whicli he had voluntari-
ly given in llie night, and F thought 1 would try
them ill another way ; so 1 packed up my thinga,

MR CATLIN AND HIS HORSE CHARLKY

In a former number of our magazine, we gave an I ^^^ ^^^^^ „,g ^^jjlp ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ „,;j f^^^,„g "y
incident, extracted from Mr Cathn'i "Hercsting ] ^^^ j^^ ^^ l^i^^j j gi^rted on my route. After I
account of his adventures among the western Indi- ' ,jj,j gj^.^nced a (piarter of a mile, I looked back
ana. We now add another story from ll'c "ame , ^^j ^^^^ ,^1,^^ ^,^^j,^^^ ^^ j,^ l^.^ ^^^j nnj tail very

work. The writer is giving an account of a Ion
journey through the wilds of the far west. — Mer-
ry's Museum.

'• On this journey, while Charley and I were

high, looking alternately at me and at the spot
where I had been encamped, and left a little fire
burning.

In this condition lie stood and surveyed the

twcntyfive days alone, we had much time, and the | prairies around for a while as I continued on. He
best of circuiiietancea, under which to learn what i gt length walked with a hurried step to the spot.

we had as yet overlooked in e.ich other's charac-
ters, as well as to draw great pleasure and real
benefit from what we already had learned of each
other in our former travels.

" I generally halted on the bank of some little
■treani, at half an hour of sunset, where feed was
pood for Charley, and where I could get wood to
kindle my fire, and water for my coffee. The firat
thing was to undress Charley, and drive down his
picket to which he was fastened, to graze over a
circle that he could inscribe at the end of his laso.
In this wise lie busily fed himself until nightfall ;
and after my coffee was made and drank, I uni-
formly moved him up, with his picket by my head,
80 that I could lay my hand upon his laso in an
instant, in case of any alarm thai was liable to
drive him from me.

"On one of these evenings, when he was graz-
ing as usual, he slipped the laso over his head, and
deliberately took his supper at his pleasure, wher-
ever he chose to prefer it, as he was slrolling
around. When night approached, I look the laso
in hand, and endeavored to catch him ; but I soon
•aw he was determined to enjoy a little freedom ;
and he continually evaded me until dark, when I
abandoned the pursuit, making up my mind that
I BJiould inevitably lose him, and be obliged to
perform the rest of my jonrney on foot. He Iiad
led me a chase of half a mile or more, when I left
him busily grazing, and returned to my little soli-
tary bivouac, and laid myself on my bear-skin and
went to sleep.

"In the middle of the night I waked, whilst I
was lying on my back, and on half opening my
eyrs, I was instantly shocked to the soul by the
huge figure, as I thought, of an Indian, standing
over me, and in the very act of taking my scalp !
The chill of horror that paralyzeil me for the first
nioiiient, held me still till I saw that there was no
need of moving — that my faithful horse Clmrloy,
had 'played shy ' till he had ' filled his belly,' and
had then moved up, from feelings of pure ntfection,
or from instinctive fear, or possibly from a due
share of both, and taken his position with his fore
fret at the edge of my bed, with Ins head hanging
directly over me, while lie was standing, fast asleep '.
" My nerves, which had been most violently
■hocked, were soon quieted, and I fell asleep, and
to continued until sunrise in the morning, when 1
waked, and beheld my faithful servant at some con-
siderable distance, busily at work picking up his
breakfast amongst the cane-brake, along the banks
of the creek. I went as busily at work preparing
my own, which was eaten ; and after it, I had
another half hour of fruitless endeavors to catch
Charl'y, whilst he seemed ns mindful of mischief
as on the evening before, and continually tantnlized
me by turning round and round, and keeping out
of my reach.

and seeing every thirtg gone, began to neigh very
violently, and at last started off at the fullest speed,
and overtook me, passing within a few paces of me,
and wheeling about at a few rods distance in front
of me, trembling like an aspen leaf.

"I called him by his familiar name, and walked
up to him with the bridle in my hand, which I put
over his head, as he held it down for me, and the
saddle on his back, as he actually stooped to re-
ceive it. I was soon arranged, and on his back,
when he started off upon his course as if he was
well contented and pleased, like hia rider, with the
manoeuvre which had brought us together again,
and aflfiirded us mutual relief from our awkward
positions. Though this alarming freak of Charley's
passed off and terminated so satisfactorily, yat I
thought such rather dangerous ones to play, and I
took good care, after that night, to keep him under
my strict authority, resolving to avoid further tricks
and experiments, till we got to the land of cultiva-
ted fields and steady habits."

lU

GRKEN'S PATENT STRAW CLTTER.

J0*;EPH BRECK & CO. m the New England A .

ral Warehouse and Seed Sl.ire Nos, 51 an(lB2Norlli
kel Slreel, have for sale, Green's Palenl Straw, Ha
Stalk Cutler, operating on a mechanical principle nni I
applied to any implement for iliis purpose. The moM pra
iiienl effects of Ihis application, and some of the con^oqi*
peculiarities of ihe machine are :

1 So great a reduction of the quantum of power rcquu
to use It, that the strength of a hall grown hoy is suffi^
to work it efficiently.

2 With even this moderate power, it easily cutslwo
els a minute, which is full twice as fast as has bceo cli
hj- any other machine even when worked by horee or •

3. The knives, owing to tile peculiar manner in whickl
cm, require shari>ening less often than th»5e of any mV
siraw culler. , ,

i Tiie machine is simple in its construction, mode and f
Icelher very strongly. It is therefore not so linhle ai II
complicated machines in general use to get out ot order

The Picayune tells this : — An Irishman engaged
a butcher to kill a hog for him. The butcher told
Pat to have the water boiled early, and he would
attend. In the morning he came, asked if the wa-
ter was boiled, and being answered aflirinatively,
killed the hog, and brought him to the scalding po-
sition. Ho then ordered the owner to bring out
the water. I'at obeyed — but judge the liutchcr's
surprise to find the water was cold.

"Where is your boiling water?" said he.

" An sure this is the same," replied Pat ; " Judy
an' I boiled it tn.it night! an surely we did, to as
to be in sason for ye."

Exit the man of the knife, in a rage.

li'ellerisms — " I can cure you," as the smoky
house said to the ham.

" This is a prate prospect," as the prisoner said
when he peeped out of his cell window.

" You have a turn for music," as the monkey
said to the organ-grinder.

.\ Mr Peck having been elected a representative
to the (leneral Court, a joker congratulated him up-
on the result, and added that he might well be
proud of his constituents, ns they had shown them-
selves men of principle, and in selecting him for
their representative, were doubtless governed by
the motto, " Measures, not men."

LACTOMETERS— a simple innlrument forletti
the quality of milk. For sale by J. BRECK (t CC

DRAFT AND TRACE: CHAINS.

400 pair Trace Chains, suitalile for Ploughing.
200i " Truck and leading Chains.
2U0 " Draft Chains. For sale hy J. BRECK kC
No. S2 North Market st.

TTB VP CHAIHS.

Just received by 600 Chains for lyeing up Cnltir
These chains, introduccti by E. H. Dekdv, Esq^ ol Sid
and Uiil. Jacqi'es, for ihe piirpnse <if securing Liiule loll
stall, are found tc he the safest and most cunrenient sv
of fastening cows and oxen to the slanchion.

FLOWBR BGBDS.

JOSEPH fiRECK & CO., Nos. 51 and 62 NntthMi
kct street, offer for sale their usual variety of Flower Std
comprising all ihat are desirable lor cullivalion.

Boston, March 9th, 1842.

Just I

SDK DIALS.

ceived a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Sun

very neat and useful article for llio purpose of givinc ihf
of day in ihc garden or field. Price TS

J. miECK 4- CO., No r.l and S2 Norlh Murkct Si.

Sept I

Retort Miilrimonial. — A young wife remonitra-
ted with her husband, a dissipated spendthrift, on
his conduct. " My love," sold he, " I am only like
the prodigal son, I shall reform by-and-by." " And
1 will be like the prodigal son too," she replied,
" for I will arise and go to my father," and accord-
ingly off she went

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

A WEKKLT PAPER.

Terms, $2 per year tn arfvance, or$2 50 if not l*
within thirty days.

N. B. — Pnslniastors are permitted by law to frinki
•ubscriptiiins and reniiltancn for newspaper*,
expeosa tu subscribers.

(fill*

VVTTLI AID DUCHKTT, PRIMTCKS.

A N I) II O U T I 0 U L T URAL REGISTER.

1'UltL.ISHKU BV JOSEPH BaECK A CO., NO. M NOUTH M.VRKET STRIiliT, (Aohicultuoal Wasbiiouib.)— ALLEN PUTNAM, (lOITOR.

BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 8, 18J2.

[HO. «•.

FARMER

llnrrU'i Report on the IniecU of MautchuMtls.

PL.\NT LICR.
Iphidtt, or plant-lice, as lliey aro usually called,
aumns tlic most cxlraordmnry of insects. They
foiiiul upon almost nil parts of plants, the rool.<,
ns, youn^ shoots, buJs, anj leaves, and there is
coly a plant which does nut harbor one or two
Is peculiar to itself. Thoy arc, moreover, ex-
dinL'Iv prolific, for Rcamur has proved that one
vidual, in five generations, may become the
Tcnitor of nearly six thousand millions of dc-
id.inis. It often happens that the succulent
emitios and stems of plants "ill, in an incredi-
shiirt space of lime, become completely coated
1 a living mass of these little lice. These are
ally wingless, consisting of the young and of
fcmalci only ; for winged individuals appear
' at particular seasons, usually in the autumn,
Siinielimcs in the ^spring, and these arc small
OS and larger females. After pairing, the lat-
l.iv their eggs upon or near the leaf-buds of the
It upon which they live, and, together with the
fs, soon afterwards perish.

'he genus to which plant-lice belong is called
is, from a Greek word which signifies to ex-
st. The fallowing are the principal characters
vhich they may bo distinguished from other in-
s. 'I'heir bodies are short, oval, and eof\, and
furnished at the hinder extremity with two little
;3, liiiobs, or pores, from which exude almost
•itantly minute drops of a fluid as sweet as
ey ; their heads are small, their beaks are very
» and tubular, their eyes are globular, but they
? not eyelets, their anlennc are long, and usu-

taper towards the extremity, and their legs
also long and very slender, and there art- only
joints to their feet. Their i:pper are nearly
;e as large as the lower wings, are much long-
than tho body, arc gradually widened towards
extremity, and nearly triangular; they are al-
t vertical when at rest, and cover the body
ve like a very sharp-ridged roof.

he winged plant-lice provide for a succession
their race by stocking the plants with eggs in

autumn, as before stated. These are hatched
luc time in the spring, and the young lice im-
liately begin to pump up sap from tho tender
tea and Khoota, increase rapidly in size, and in a
rt time come to maturity. In this slate, it is
nd ihnt the brood, without a single exception,
sisls wholly of females, which arc wingless, but

in a condition immediately to continue their
d. Their young, however, arc not hatched from
fs, but ore produced alive, and each female may
the mother of fifteen or twenty young lice in

ci>urse of a single day. The plant-lice of this
ond generation are also wingless females, which

w up and have their young in due time ; and
s brood after brood is produced, even to the
entb generation or more, without the appearance
intervention, throushout the whole leuun, of a

iinglo male. This extraordinary kind of propaga-
tion ends in the auluiiin with the birth of a brood
of male.i and females, wliich in doe time ac<iuirc
wings and pair; eggs oro then laid by these fe-
mules, and with the death of these winged individu-
als, which soon follows, the race becomes extinct
for the season.

Plant-lice seem to love society, and often hcid
tonethur in dense mosses, each one remaining
fixed to the plant by means of its long tubulnr
beak ; and they rarely change iheir places till they
have e.xhausted the part first attacked. The atti-
tudes and manners of tlieso little creatures are ex-
ceedingly oniusing. When disturbed, like restive
horses, ihev begin to kick and sprawl in the most
ludicrous manner. They may be seen at times
suspended by their beaks alone, and throwing up
their legs as if in a high frolic, but too much en-
gaged in sucking to withdraw their beaks. As
they take in great quantities of sap, they would
soon become gorged if they did not get rid of the
superabundant fluid through the two little tubes or
pores at the extremity of their bodies. When one
of them gets running-over full, it seems to commu-
nicate its uneasy sensations, by a kind of animal
mognetism, to the whole flock, upon which they
all, with one accord, jerk U[)«ards their bodies, and
eject a shower of tho honeyed fluid.

The leaves and bark ol plants much infested by
these insects are often completely sprinkled over
with drops of this sticky fluid, which, on drying,
become dark-colored, and greatly disfigure the
foliage. This appearance has been denominated
honey-dew ; but there is another somewhat similar
production observable on plants, after very dry
weather, wliich has received the same name, and
consists of on extravasation or oozing of the sap
from the leaves. We are often .apprized of the
presence of plant-lice on plants growing in the
open air, by the ants ascending and descending the
stems. By observing the motions of the latter, we
soon ascertain that the sweet fluid discharged by
the lice is the occasion of these visits. The stems
swarm with slim and hungry ants, running upwards,
and others lazily descending, with their bellies
swelled almost to bursting. When arrived in the
immediate vicinity of the plant-lice, they greedily
wipe up the sweet fluid which has distilled from
them, and, when thi.s fails, they station themselves
among the lice, ond catch the drops as they fall.
Tho lice do not Kccm in the least annoyed by the
ants, but live on the best possible terms with them ;
and, on the other hand, the ants, though unsparing
of other insects weaker than themselves, upon

lice cast thrir nkiiis, the ants iiialantly remove the
hitler, nor «ill they allow any dirt or rubbiitli to
remain upon or about tlii'iii. They even protect
them from their enemies, and run about them in
the hot sunshine to drive away the l:ttle ichneumon
flics that arc forever hovering near to deposit their
ogg.< ill the bodies of tho lice.

I'lant-lice dilTor very much in form, color, cloth-
ing, and in the length of Ihe honey-tubes. Some
havo these lubes quite long, as the rose-louse,
•Iphis ros(t, which is green, and has a little coni-
cal projection or stylet, as it is called, at the extre-
mity of the body, between the two honey-tubea.
Thu cabbage-louse, Aphia hrussicn', has also long
honey-tubes, but its body is covered with a whitish
mealy aubstanre. This species is very abundant
on tho under eide of cabbage leaves in the month
of August. The largest species known to me is
found in clusters beneath the limbs of the pig-nut
hickory (Ciiiija poninaj in all stages of growth,
from the 1st to the middle of July. It is the .Iphit
cary<t of my Catalogue. Its body, in the winged
state, measures one qunrter of an inch to the end of
the abdomen.and above four-tenths of an inch to the
tips of the upper wings, which expand rather more
than scven-trnlhs (jf an inch, it has no terminal
stylet, and tho honey-tubes rrc very short. Its
body is covered with a bluish white substance like
the bloom of a plum, with four rows of little trans-
verse black spots on the back ; the top of the tho-
rax, and the veins of the wings are black, as are
also the sha'iks, the feet, and the antennie, wljioh
are clothed with black hairs; the thighs arc red-
dish brown. This species sucks the sap from the
limbs and not from the leaves of the hickory. Tiiere
is another large species, living in the same way on
t.'ie under side of the branches of various kinds of
willows, and clustered together in great numbers.
About the first of October they are found in the
winged state. The body is one-tenth of an inch in
length, and the wings expand about four-tenths.
The stylet is wanting; tho body is black and with-
out spots ; the wings are transparent, but their veins,
the short honey tubercles, the third joint of the
antennin, and the legs, are tawny yellow. This
species cannot be identical wiili the willow-louse,
Jlphis snlicis of Linnajus, which has a spotted body ;
and therefore I propose to call it ^Iphia sidicli, the
plant-louse of willow groves. When crushed, it
communicates a stain of a reddish or deep orange
color.

Some plant-lice live in the ground and derive
their nourishment from the roots of plants. We
annually lose many of our herbaceous plants, if
cultivated in a light soil, from the exhausting al-
Upon pulling

which they frequently prey, tre:it the plant-lice

with the utmost gentleness, caressing them with | tacks of these subterranean lice
their antennae, and apparently inviting them to give \ up China Asters, which seemed to be perishing
out the fluid by patting their sides. Nor are the 1 from no visible cause, I have found hundreds of
lice inattcntivn to these solicitations, when in a little lice, of a white color, closely clustered to-
state to gratify the anU, for whose sake they not gei her on the roots. I could never discover any
only seem to shorten tho periods of the discharge, [ of them that wore winged, and therefore conclude
but actually yield the fluid when thus pressed. A from this circumslonco as well as from their pecu-
sin-Tlc louse has been known to give it drop by ! liar situation, that they never acquire wings,
drop successively to a number of ants, that were Whether these are of the same species as the .^/yAi»
waiting anxiously to receive it. When the plant- ' rarficiim of Europe, I cannot o.ccrtain, as no sufli-

38fl

NEW ENGLAxND FARMER

JVNK 8. It.-):

cicnt description of tlie latter lias ever conic to my j
notice. Tiiesc little lice are attended by ants, j
which generally make their iiesls near the roots of
the pliintd, so as tii have their inilch kiiie, as the :
plunt-lir.e have iieen called, within Iheir own liahi-
lations ; and in cotisi'quciice of the combined ope- |
rations of the lies and the unts, the pKints wither,
and prcnialuvely perish. When these subterranean
lice are disturbed, iho attendant ants are thiowii ,
into the greatest confusion and alarm ; they care-
fully take up the lice which have fallen from the
roots, and convey them in their jaws into the deep I
recesses of their nests ; and here the lice still con- I
irive to live upon the frajrrnents of the mots left in
the soil. It is stated in Kirby and Spcnce's Intro- !
duclion to Entomology, that the anis bestow the
same care and attention upon the roi^t-lice as upon
their own offspring' — that they defend tliein from
the attacks of other insects, and carry them about |
in their mouths to change their pastuie; and that i
they pay particular attention to the egijs of the
lice, fiequently moisteniufj tliein with their tonpiics,
and in tine weather bringing them to the surface
of the neat, to give them the ailvantagc of the sun.
On the other hand, the sweet fluid supplied in
abundance by these lice forms the chief nutriment
both of the ants and their young, which is suflicient
to account for their solicitude and care for their
valuable ticrdj'.

The peach tree siiflTers very much from the at-
tacks of plant-lice, which live nniler the leaves,
causing them by their punctures to bi-come thick-
ened, to curl or form hollows beneath, and corres-
ponding crispy and reddish swellings .nbove, and
finally lo perish and drop oflT prematurely. Whelh.
cr our insect is the same as the European Aphis of
the peach tree (.Iphis Ptrsicir. of Sul/.er,) I cannot
determine, for the want of a proper description of
the latter. The depredations of these lice is oiie
of the causes, if not the only cause, of the peculiar
malady aflecting the peach tree in the early part
of summer, and called the blight.

Th's injuries occasioned by pliint-Iico are much
greater than would at first be cxpecleil from the
small size and extreme weakness of the insects ;
but these make up by their luimbers what they
want in strength individually, and thus become
formidable enemies to vegetation. By their punc-
tures, and the quantity of sap which they draw
from the leaves, the functions of these important
organs are deranged or interrupted, the food of the
plant, which is there elaborated to nourish the stem
and mature the fruit, is withdrawn, before it can
reach its proper destination, or is contaminated
and left in a slate unfitted to supply the wants of
vcpclntion.

Plants arc difTcrently afT'Cted by these insects.
8ome wither and cease to grow, their leaves and
uteiiis put on n sickly appearance, and soon die
from exhaustion. Others, though not killed, are
greatly impeded in their growth, and their tender
parts, inhlch are attacked, became stunted, curled,
or warped.

The puncturen of these lice seem to poison some
plants, am! affect others in n mo.'<t singular manner,
producing warts or swellings, which are sometimes
solid and sometimes hollow, and contain in their
interior u swarm of lice, the descendants of a sin-
gle individual, whose punctures were the original
cause of the tnniiir. 1 have seen reddish tumors
of this kind, OS big as a pigeon's egg, growing iipiHi
leaves, to whiih ihry were attached by u slender
neck, and containing thousands of small lice in

their inteiior. Naturalisis call these tumors galls,
because they seem to be formed in the same way
as the oak galls which are used in the making of
ink. The lice which inhabit or produce them,
generally differ from the other.x, in having shorter
anteniiffi, being without honey-tubes, and in fre-
quently being clothed with ii kind of while down,
which, however, disappears when the insects be-
come winged.

'J'hesp downy pinnt-lice are now placed in the
genus Eriosomii, which means woolly body, and
the most destructive species belonging to it was
first described under the name of Jlphis taiii^erii,
by Mr Hausmann, in the year 1601, as infesting
the apple trees in Germany. It seems that it had
been noticed in England as early as the year 1767,
and has since acquired there the name ol American
blight, from ihe erroneous supposition that it had
been imported from this country. It was known,
however, to the French gardeners for a long lime
previous to both of the above dates, and, according
to Mr Rennic, is found in the orchards about Ilar-
Heur, in Noriuaiidy, and is very destructive to the
apple trees in the departinent of Calvados. There
is now good reason to believe that the miscalled
American blight li not indigenous to this country,
and that it has been introduced here with fruit
trees from Europe. Some persons, indeed, have
supposed that it was not to be found in this coun-
try, at all, but the late Mr Huel has stated that it
existed on ins apple trees, and I have once or
twice seen it on apple trees in Massachusetts,
where, lionever, it slills appears to be rare, and
consequently I have not been able to examine the
insects sufficiently myself. The best account that
I have seen ot then) is contained in Knipp's "Jour-
nal of a Natuialist," from which, and from H:ius-
manii's descriplion, the following observations aj-e
chiefly extracted.

'Ihe eggs of the woolly apple tree louse are so
small as not to be dislinguishod without a micro-
scope, and are enveloped in a colton-like substance
furnished by the body of the in.scct. They are dc-
posited in the crotches of the branches and in the
chink.s of the bark at or near the surface of Ihe
ground, especially if there are suckers springing
from the same place. The young, when fir-l
hatched, arc covered with a very short and fine
down, and appear in the spring of the year like
little specks of mould on the trees. As the season
advances, and the insect increases in size, its
downy coat becomes more distinct, and grows in
length daily. This down is very easily removed,
adheres to the fingers when it is touched, and
seems to issue from all Ihe pores of the skin of the
abdomen. When fully grown, the insects of the
first brood are one tenth of i»n inch in length, and
when the down is rubbeil off, the head, antennie,
Hucker, and shins are fimnd to bo of ■ blackish
color, and the abdomen honey-yellow. The young
are produced alive during the summer, are buried
in masses of the down, and derive their nourish-
ment from the sap of the bark and of the alburnum
or young wood immediately under the bark. The
adult in.-iects never acquire wings, at least such is
ihe testimony both ol Hausmann and Knapp, and
are destitute of honey-tiibrs, but from time lo lime
emit drops of a sticky fluid from the extremity of
the body. These insects, though destitute of
wings, arc conveyed from tree to tree by means of
their long down, which is so plentiful and so light,
as easily to b(! wafted by the winds of aoluiiin, and
thus Ihe evil will gradually spread throughout an

extensive orchard. The numerous puncturei
these lice produce on the tender shoois a celh
appearance, and wherever a colony of thiin is'j
tablished, warts or excrescnces arise on the bat
the limbs thus attacked become sickly, tiie leci
turn yellow and drop off; and, aa the infeclj
'spreads from limb to limb, the whole tree hecori W
diseased, and eventually perishes. In Glouceal »
j shire, England, so many apple trees were deslroj «
! by these lice in the year 1810, that it was fei
I the making of cider must be abandoned. Iii4
north of England, the npple trees are grcalljr
jiircd, and some annually dislroyed by them, I k
in the year Ib'iti, they abounded there in such
credible luxuriance, that many trees seemed, ■
I short distance, as if they had been whitewnslied
I Mr Knapp thinks that remedies can prove rffii
i cioiis in removing this evil only upon a sm ill jca
' anil that when the injury has existed for so)
'time, and extended its influence over the |K;rtsi
a large tree, it will take its course, and tlie tr
will die. lie says that he has removed this blig
from young trees, and from recently attacked pi
ces in those more advanced, by painting over en
, node or infected part of the tree with a cninpoii
lion consisting of three ounces of melted n^
mixed with the same quantity of fish nil, which*
to be put on while warm, with a painter'.s brush

Sir Joseph Banks, succeeded in extirpating t
in.spcls from his own trees by removing all tlice
and rugged bark, and scrubbing the trui.k t
branches with a hard brush. Tiie application
Ihe spirits of tar, of spirits of turpentine, of n
urine, and of soft soap, has been recoiiurendj
Mr IJiiel found that oil sufficed to drive the inset
from the trunks and branches, butllint it could n
bo applied to llie roots, where he stated nuinbert
the insects harbored.

The following treatment I am inclined to ihii
will prove as successful as any which has hcrel
fore been recommended. Scrape oflall tin- roU|
bark of the infected trees, and make them | crfecl
clean and smooth early in the spring ; then r
the trunk and limbs with a stiff brush wet with
solution of potash, as hereafter recomnieiii!i.d (
the destruction of bark lice ; after which remo
Ihe sods and earth around the bottom of the trun
and with the scraper, brush, and alkaline liqiK
cleanse that part os far as the roots can coiW
niently be uncovered. The earth and sods shoo
iinmediately be carried away, fresh loam should I
placed around the roots, and all crncks nnd wount
should be fillid with gralling cement or clay mo
lar. Small limbs and extiemities of bram-lio»,
inferti'd, and beyond reach of the application
should be cut off and burned.

There are several other fpccies of Eriusoma t
doiniy lice in this Slate, inhabiting various fnrci
and ornamental trees, some of which may also h»i
been introduced from abroad. The dcser;|.;ion«(
foreign plant-lice are mostly so brief anil iniperfef
that it is impossible lo ascertain from them »hic
of our species are identical with those of I'.iirope
I shall therefore omit ony further account of lhe»
insects, and cKisc this part of the subj' if with
few remarks on the remedies to be emp^yedfe
their dcbtniction generally, and some notice of lb
natural enemies of plant-licc.

Solutions of soap, or a mixture of soapsuds W
lobacco-wnier, used warm, and applied wiili a »• «
lering pot or with a ganlrii engine, may be «»
ployed for the destruction of these insects. Il »
said that hut water may also be employed for lb

vol.. XX. !VI>. 49

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

387

0 jv irjioso Willi «afclr Bnil siiccos.*. Tlio walrr, '
ir.- I iiM, (ir midi iiliniild be llironn upon llic
ii.'t » nil ciiiiKiiliTublo fiircc, anil if tlipy (re of ,
ciMn;;!* or Icttnco kind, or oilier pIiiiiH whose
re.-: nrP In bo used ns lood. llii'y Kliiuild giibsc-
nlly in- dronrhed llioroii^lily willi pure wntcr.
B I'll llic oxIriMiiitios of branrlics may be killed
tirtiliiiff over the branches and lioldinjf (hem
8<'\''r.il iiiimitC!) In warm and strong soap-suds,
e Miiiltiply iiiiii-li fnsier, and are iiii>re inj'.irinii.'!
ilan!.'. Ill a dry tlinii in'a wet atmosplicrc ; lience
^reiMi houses, .-ttcnlion should be paid to l;ec|> I
(I!, surticiently moinl, and ^lie lice are readily ]
I'd liy ruminations with tobacco or with sulphur,
dr^trny subterranean lice on the roots nf plants
IK- loiind tliat wateriiiij with snlt wat<T »a.<
lu'. It tin" plants were hardy ; but tender, her-
OOHS plants cannot be treated in this way, but

' sometimes be revived, whrn sufTfring fnun '
le hidden foes, by free and frequent wateringr '

1 Eoap-!>uds. — Harrii^s Rrpoit on the Instcta of
\sachu3tU).

TURNIPS.

ho introduction of the turnip anion;; the culli-
d crops constitutes an cr.i in the art of hus-
dry. Of the several varieties which are culli-

d, wu may select three, as most worthy of
mil n — the yellow, while, and Swedish or rula
a ti:rnips.

. Ruta Baga, or Swedish turnip, is the most
nrtanl of these varieties, and yields the largest
ntity of vegetable matter for the use of farm
k. It should be remarked, also, that there are
«llc.s in this rooL The best have a yellowish
, globular form, and have no neck or stem,
gr-ien and yel.ow kinds often prove abortive.
■ seed should be black and full. One pound
sufiice for an acre of land. One half a pound
produce plants enough for an acre ; but as the
1 IS liabli! to fail, a pound is not too much to
ire n crop.

'he time for sowing is from the 20tli of June to
5th of July.

"he soil best adapted to turnips, is a light, dry
friable loam; or almost any dry soil, with the
eption of heavy clays.

?he soil is best prepared by throwing it into
ts 6(r) feet [•! feet — Kd.] apart, filling the
Is with short manure or compcisl, and after cov-
cg it with a plow, two furrows on each side,
with a drill barrow. The ruta baga flourishes
I en a clover ley, and may bn sowed after tlie
. crop of clover is taken. If long manure is
liod. . should be covered with a plow. If rot-
it should be placed under the seed, so that the
;3 will penetrate it. The plants generally make
r app'.arauco in 8 or 10 days iiftcr sowing;
y tliMiild then be horse hoed with the cultivator,
thi< soil should ho removed as near to the
Its as possible, in order to destroy the weeds.
i line should then be employed, and the plants
ineil to n distance of 8 or 10 inches.
The finality of this crop depends upon the size ;
what 13 rather remarkable, the laiger they are
mere nutriment they possess in proportion to
ir weight.

The value of this crop is variously estimated by
"ereiit farmcrfl. The products are, upon an nve-

e, TiOO bi.'shels per acre. Some estimate the
prolit rt SO dollars per acre ; but their value

I vary in diflcrent places and seasons. There

is no doubt but that it is imu- of llic most valunlile
crops rnised by the farmer, allliuugh they are much
Iras rsloemcd than Ihey formerly w".-ro.

This root is excellent for all kinds of farm stork.
Thry are said to be useful for faltcning hogs, cat-
tle and sheep. 'I hey may be fed raw, sherd, and
II small quantity of salt sprinkled over them.

'i. The nVii'/f turnip requires a similar soil and
treatment; but may be sowed «« laic as the iJ-lth
of July. They arc not so productive as the pre-
rriling. but are excrlloni for a second crop, or for
fL-eding cattle in the lall ; by which course light
soils may be improved.

.'). Tho Yetloir varieties may be kowu about the
\r^ih of July, and are richer than the »liite. Sin-
clair estimates tho amount of nourishment in (J4
drachms as follows :

White tankard, 76 gra.

Common white loaf, 80 "

Norfolk white, 73 "

Store or garden, S!> "

Rula baga, 1 10 "

The following table gives the nutritive proper-
tics of several varieties — the green-top yellows be-
ing taken as a standard : —

Sf cries S'lovid leciffh by Jictuitl

and varieties. size and standard. weight.

ll.s.oz. IlKi. nz.

Green-top yellow, Ki.OO l.'i.OO

Swedish or ruta baga, 11.2 13.12

Red-top yellow, U.OO 12.10

Dalis hybrid, 13.12 12.00

White globe, 20.8 l.^.S

Red-top white, 16 8 13.(10

Green-top white, 8.7 8.8

White tankard, IG. 14.

Purple do. 12.10 11.8

This table shows the superiority of the rula
baga over all the other varieties. It yields about
(J or 7 per cent, of its whole weight of nutritive
matter, while tho white varieties afford 4 per cent.,
and in the largest roots only 3 1-2 per cent., of
their whole weight ; hence, one acre nf the Swe-
dish variety is equal to one and n half acres of the
white. "No person," says Lord Kaimes, "ever de-
served better of his country, than he who first cul-
tivated turnips in a field. No plant contributes
more to fertility."

It appears from the investigations thus far made,
that roots are by far the most profitable crops cul-
tivated by the farmert and that their more general
introduction would both increase the value of the
soil, and the quantity of productions from the farm,

from the daiiy and from farm stock Cray's Sci-

tnlijic and Practical Jigricullure.

;NAT10NAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

A press of inatter tho present month, will pro-
vent our giving as full an account of our "impres-
sions" during our recent visit to Washington, and
of the proceedings of the National Agricultural
Society, the meeting of which we had tho pleasure
of attending, as we had contemplated. Railroad
travelling, our readers are aware, is not the kind
of travelling where a country is to be surveyed or
the condition of its agriculture noted ; but the
glimpses caught, were sntficient to show that the
prospects for the farmer were flattering ; and that
many fine farms and beautiful examples of im-
proved husbandry were passed, which would doubt-
less have well repaid delay (could it have been
permitted;) for their examination.

Tho meeliiii: of llie Soi:ieiy wns opei.ed on
WelueBihy, the .llli nil., at Iho I'alrnt Office.
Commillees «rro nppniiilcd to rrpurt on various
snbjeclH — to iiominato officers — and to report on
the propriclv' of eHlablmliiiig an agricultural journal
at Wafhinjtloii ; niiil then the nierling ailjourncJ
iiiilil tho next liny at 10 n'cliick. On Thursday, at
llic hour named, the Society again cdiivenod.
There were present eight delegates from llie New
Vork .Slate Ag. Society; two from the American
Institute nf New Vork city ; two from New Haven,
("t. ; one from New Jersey ; one from Maryland ;
two from Virginia, including the I'residenl of the
Society ; niid (luito a number of genllemen of
Wushington, ninoni; whom were the Hon. .Mr Wood-
bury, .\nw» Kendall, J. S. Skinner, Hon. II. L.
Kllsworlh, O. U. Brown, Klisha \\ hittlency, &.c.

Mr Garnet, who wa.s re-elected President, de-
livered un able uiid interesting address.

The proceedings of Ihe Society were conducted
very harmoniously ; but to us, the enthusiasm, the
esprit du corps, which seems so necessary to the
accomplishment of all great undertakings depen-
dant on voluntary action, seemed to be wanting.
It must be remarked, however, that this is but the
beginning ; and that the interest which the suc-
cess of the Society should certainly create, will be
more deep, in proportion as its existence and acta
ore more extensively known. — Jllbany Cultivator.

RUTA BAGA FOR COWS.

One of the most serious objections to the culture
of the turnip, especially in dairy districts, is the
unpleasant flavor which this root communicates to
milk and butter ; and vt)rio:is means have been
proposed to prevent these disagreeable results.
One of the most successful that we have Iried, has
been feeding the roots immediately after milking,
so as to have as long a lime as possible intervene
between the feeding and the milking. In a late
number of tlie Cabinet, wo find a letter from Sam-
uel West, of Chester, Penn., describing his mode
of feeding, which, while it is soniewhat similar to
ours, is said to totally obviate all taste of the tur-
nip. He states also that the same method is appli-
cable to garlic, so common and disagreeable in
some parts of the United Stales :

" After a sufficiency of first rate upland hay, I
allow to each cow about half a bushel of ruta baga
turnips finely cut up — always remembering to
strip the cows clear of milk he/ore feeiiint; with the
turnips, and in the morning, feeding with a different
kind of food, viz: cut hay, with a little Indian
meal, or other mill feed. liy this process there
will he no taste of the turnip, either in the milk or
butter, so objectionable to many ; and by it you
will have a full flow of milk from your cows, and
butter of a fine, rich, spring-like quality, seldom
obtained in the winter season." — Ibid.

To Wash ff'oolten Goods. — The art of wa.=hing
woollen good.^ so as to prevent them from shrink-
ing, is one of the desiderata in domestic economy
worthy of being recorded, and it is therefore with
a satisfaction we explain this simple process to our
readers. All descriptions of wo<dlen goods should
be washed in very hot water with soap, and as soon
as Ihe article is cleansed, immerse it in cold water :
let it then be wrung and hung up to dry. — Southern
Planter.

The GOOD alone are great.

388

N E W E N G L A x\ D FARMER

JVNB f>, l).4l|t(

MANURE— PLASTKR. I

From a heap of ferri)ciilin<j manure, a vapor con- I
lintially risc^, very dilTorent tVnin llie cxhaliillon ofi
a pond, as our nuscs iiiiglit Ifslify. Perhaps some .
niay tliink that such lliin dirt as that would be of,
no consequence lo a plant ; but I can assure lliein
It is the bi-'st part of ihe rnanurn. Humphrey Davy
filled a three pint vefsel with a bent nt'ck, from n
fermeiitinj: heap of Btable nmnure, while it was
hot, and turned the binli auioiij tin; roots of some
grass. Nothing but vapor loft the vessel ; yet in
less tlian a week the grass grew with much more
luxuriance than the grass in any other part of the
garden.

Tlie value of this vapor is therefore evident ; but
how shall we save it? In tlie fir»t place, the ler-
mentation sht.ulJ be very gradual. Make the heap
in the shade, or on the north fide of a buildini.',
and manage it just as you would nianai.'e a coal-
kiln. Tlie more the air is excluded, the slower
and better will be the process. Now covering it
with earth will have this eflVct ; but vapor will
rise even when it ferments slowly, and therefore
marl may be freely scattered through the heap as
it is made ; but no quick lime. Lime indeed,
should form an outside covering for the whole pile
(when marl is not at hand ;) but it should be care-
fully prcvcnlsd from coming in contact with stable
manure, or any animal matter. It must not touch
them. It spoils them. A layer of earth should
be interposed ; and then the lime would be highly
useful in catching and retaining llic fertilizing va-
por as it rises.

I believe there is no difference of opinion on
this subject among chemists. Ilumiihrcy Davy
speaks in the plainest language againtit mixing
quick lime with common dung as injurious ; and
other eminent men fully accord with the doctrine.
On the outside of the heap, honevor, quick lime in
a f';w weeks would be carbonated; and after un-
dergoing this change, it mig.'it be safely mixed
with the compost. A fresh coat may then be ap-
plied.

But some farmers may not »i»li to apply their
barn yard manure in the spring, or mako it into
compost — they may prefer iisii.g it after harvest,
and yet not have it wMsting in the moan time. In
that case, I would advise that it be thrown inward
where it lies thin, just so far that this work con-
jointly with the work of covering it, shall amount
to the least labor. Tlicn cover the whole with
straw or oarth to protect it from the sun ; and
cau80 it to be trodden down by the cattle as firmly
as possible, to exclude the air, and prevent fermen-
tation. Some of you may recollect when forking
up such matters after harvest, that Ihc straw in
spots was bright and unchanged. That was where
it was well trodden. All cliange is attended with
lo.ss ; but UK smiie change may bo expi-cted, strew
liino or marl and plaster plentifully over it, to ab-
sorb, or arreit the fertilizing vapor.

The eflect of plaster (composed of lime and siil-
phuric acid) has long been a source of wonder;
for it was a wonder how one bushel could add more
than 20 tunes its own weight to a crop of clover.
Inrpiiring minds of course have been bu;<y in try-
ing to explain the mystery ; but I doubt if all the
properties of manun: are underrtnoil even at this
day. Humphrey Davy was inclined lo think that
plaster was a necessary part of the woody fibre of
■onie plants, analogous to the bony matter in ani-
mal Dtrui-tur's. The plant could not do without it,

though it wanted but little ; and hence so small a
quantity had such a powerful cffixt. "Plants
which seem most benefited by its application," says
that eminent chemist, " ahvays afford it on analy-
sis."

When this theory was nnnoiincod some thirty
years ago, it was rejected in this country, where
the effects of plaster »vere much belter known than
in England, but if he could have shown that it en-
ters into such plants in any definite proportion,
some of the arguments against him might have
been refuted. It appears, however, that he never
pursued the inquiry with much interest.

Judge Peters, of Pennsylvania, had done more
than any other person to extend Ihe knowledge of
this manure, and to favor its introduction. He had
becn\ery dili;;rnt and minute in his inquiries ; and
though not a. professed chemist, became satisfied
that sulphuric acid was the active ingredient in
plaster. He showed from the observations of Ite-
rard, that lands near Cutanea, in Sicily, abounding
in volcanic matter, including sulphur,* were very
fertile ; and from an experiment by the same per-
son, that brimstone, pounded, silted, and mixed
with ashes, had a surprising effect on lucerne and
clover. Sulphuric acid greatly diluted with water,
had a similar effect.

As a further confirmation of the etrocts of sul-
phur or sul()liuric acid, when Chancellor Livingston
was travelling in Flanders, he saw the farmers
preparing pyrites for manure. This mineral is a
Combination of sulphur and iron, and when par-
tially burnt, is employed in the same manner, and
for the same ijurpose as we use plaster. Dr. Chap-
man, of Pennsylvania, fuund a similar result from
sulphnret of baryles.

Last snminer, a new work called Organic Che-
mistry, by Prolessor Liebig, of Germany, was first
published in this country ; and it has been consid-
ered by those best qualified to judge, as constitu-
ting a new era in agriculture. It is not my inten-
tion, however, to detain you with any of its details,
except his explanation of the effects of plaster on
growing plants.

Ammonia is an essential part of the food of
plants. It affords all vegetables, without excep-
tion, with the nitrogen that enters into their com-
position. It is very volatile ; but sulphuric acid
(furnished by the plaster,) can prevent its flight,
and fix it in the soil. This can only be done,
however, when the plaster is dissolved. The sul-
phuric acid then unites with the ammonia, and the
carbonic acid of the ammonia unites with the lime.

Such is the purport of Professor Liebig's expla-
nation of this great mystery. If he is correct in
ascribing nil \ the effect of plaster to this new com-
bination, its importance in the economy of our
farms, mutt bo evident. All our fields, pastures,
and meadows ought to bo strewed with it; and in
accordance with his suggestion, it ought to be
scattered in all our stables and over all our barn-
yards. The (|uantity required is not great; and
many experiments may bo instituted at a trilling
cxpeiic.

I ought to say, however, that this theory appears

r. wh,|^

"A lato Ir.nvcM.ir wriling fioiii Italy, nats of the pci-
s.inis residing in the mighlKirhood of V'esuvius — " If
llii'ir iinusi'a iirc burinl, llipy return, when lite lava cools,
lo liuild new onus, and culiivsto a soil incihaustibly fvr- \
lilo."

t **1Mie rviJfnl influence of gypsum upon ilia growth
nfjrros'u-s, <te|iiMids only upon ils fixing in ihu soil ihu
ammonia of tlm aiiii'iS|it)cro," — Litbig^ p. 112. I

insufficient for explaining all the phenomena,
connexion with the use of plaster. Why is
effect o:i clover so extraordinary, and on wheat
insignificant? Judge Peters, after using it (<iri
years, said he never found it beneficial on wintt
grain ; and otheLo, after long trials, thought it d:
little for the natural grasses. All these, lio»ev*
arc powerfully affected by stable manure — by d
very ammoniaj which that manure yields. a4
what do we observe ? Clover of luxuriant
and close along side of it, wheat without any ind
cation of benefit received, though both have bcq
plastered alike. •

Again — Professor Liebig informs us that ever
shower of rain, or fall of snow, brings down animt
nia to the ground, where llic plaster ought to arrei
it, and the plants that feed on it ought to be rao»
thrifiy ; but we have much testimony to show tl
on many fields no trace of such improvement col
be discovered. 'I'hcse facts may not be inexplii
ble; but they appear to me at present, quite sufl
ciciit to hang a doubt on.

I am aware that we have statements in regti
to the use of plaster, of the most conflicting kiau'
so that with Boine few exceptions, what one denp
another affirms ; but would this be so if it ■il
soUli/ in the manner described by Professor Liebin
A simple cause might be expected to produc%^ ^
uniform effect. For instance : Poudrelte is a sin
pie cause; and as far as I have under.stood, it o|
rates with uniform effect, whether on clover,
or cabbages.

On some soils indeed, plaster is uniformly ineffi
cictit — not the trace of any effect is pcrc; '.ibh
This inertness has been more frequently ob.-i rve.
in the ttrtiary formalion near the sea coast; ani
therefore it was ascribed to the salt vapors. Plai
ter, however, succeeds well in many places on thi
coast, and fails in others far beyond the sea hrueic
so that the cause seems to reside in the sor. aO'
not in the air.

There are several substances that dcconipM
plaster, besides the carbonate of ammonia. C»i
bonates of potash and soda have the same powe;
In the hands of the chemi.'.t, plaster and comma
silt readily change into sulphate of soda and chlfi
ride of limn; and Judge Peters said, "I ruined i
bushel of plaster by a handful of salt — it was onfi
for either cement or manure." Some of the os»
lates also effect its decomposition.

When this happens, the plaster no longer exiiti
and most of these results ore not kno»'n to bed
much value as manures. Such failures, however
rarely occur on calcareous soils, or on such as coo-
tain a due proportion of lime. There plaster gen-
erally proves beneficial; and even in Englandi
has succeeded on such lands. Many years ago, ii
the soutli-easlern part of Pennsylvania, some f»r-
mers thought it wuuld supersede Ihe use of lime ; bu
it gradually lost its effect ; regaining il, howevei,
when the land was limed. Wherever pluslf
proves of no use, therefore, try liming. On i
small scale, it may be done at a trifling expenie:
and may lead to the most beneficial results.

And remember that plaster must he disiolff^
before it can do any good. Sometimes there H
not rain enough for this purpose in summer, an<
therefore there is always a risk to sow it late in thi
spring. Let it be done early.

I have now arrived at my last paragraph. Froii

i "Animal manure acis only by the rormatioo of i
mnoia." — Liebig, p. 13f>.

TX. .MO. «0.

AND H 0 R T f C LT I. T U R A L R K G I S T E R

38J)

■i i<r (le(.>|> swiinpa, inant\ru may be nianufacliircd
I gre.il extent. Three pari* of peat nnd one of
bic (liiiij; arc mixed togctlior and rcrmcntcd
]i ilie suinnier. It "as iisrd in En^iland
.iMfi ijin ; and li:i» been fonnd in New Eng.
d Oi|ii.il to tlic same built of stable manure, and
ro ptTnianent in its elTucts. — OaviJ Vhomaa's
Irtis bt/art the Cnyuga Co. .Igricut. Soc.

SIIKEP.

tf<if)iing. — Tlie lime for clipping varies much,
1;; onrlier in scafona which huve been preceded
faviirablc weather and an unstinted allowance
uod, than in such as haTC followed a rigorous
ilT, disease, or any other cause calculated to

t the growth of wool. The season may bo
I to be limited liy the middle of M.iy and the
die iif July ; but this should not be taken as n
• iif conduct, the beit guide being the state of
he new coal, which ought always to be well
ve the skin before shearing is attempted. The
I, unless among some mountain flocks, is always,
his country, washed prior to its removal from

I'.'cp's bsck ; but in Spain that operation is
ayp d^^ferrcd till the fleeces have been collect-
when they arc subjected to a thorough scouring,
ublic buildings appropriated to the purpose,
termed larnlorirt. This is a plan in many re-
ts superior to ours. Its adoption by our far-
B Ins been recommended by Dr. Parry. There
nut bo a doubt of its being the preferable mode
ogards lliu saving it would effect in the lives of
•p ; but as it is well known that shearing is
h facilitated by washing, and that on the neat-

with which the clipping is accomplished, the
ily of the succeeding crop in a great n-.easure
?nds, some little lime will be necessary to de-
line the comparative value of either mode. In
T Soiiih Wales, it is cus'.omary In make the
■p swim across a .•Iream for two or three morn-

before being washed, by which means the
; is softened, and the removal of grease and
much promoted ; but this, though a <rood plan
lat mild nnd even climate, could not be looked
n as safe in a temperature so variable as that of
ain. In cases, however, where great nicety is
tired, Ihc plan in vogue in the former country,

of dipping each sheep, before washing, into a

dron of warm water, miglit be beneficially
ited.

Hountain sheep arc cleaned by being forced to
n across a pool, but the finer or lowland breeds,
washed entirely by the hand. The latter mc-

alonc demands a short e.vplanation. Dry, and
55sible, sunny weather, is selected for the ope-
)n, on the morning of which the lambs are sepa-
d from the flock, and the latter is conveyed lo
margin of some pebbly-bottomed pool. Here

ore penned or otherwise kept together, while

are seized, one by one, by a man standing
-thigh deep near the water edge, and turned
c downwards, the head alone being above the
ace. It is then turned from side to side, and
ed backwards and forwards, so as to make the
I catch upon the stream and wave about,
en the first washer has held it for a few n.inutes,

partially cleansed the tieece, he passes it up
river to tlie next, who goes through tlie same

inc, and im being convinced that the skin is

from filth, compels the sheep to land by swim-
g in an oblique direction up t^ie water. Three

even foar men are sometimes employed in
hing iheep but two, aa here described, will,

under ordinary circumstances, be found siiflicient.
The bank on which the dripping sheep arc collect-
ed, should have a clean nnd firm turf, ami the flock
bluuild, till fairly dry and til for Bhcnriiig, bo l.rpl
on heavy grass lund, or, what is better, in ^lr;lw.
bedded folds.

Shtaritif^. — After allowing eight days, ofT or on,
to elapse from the time of washing, so as to permit
the wool to gain a fresh supply of yolk, and alimg
with it lustre and elasticity, the sheep may be
Birippod of lis fleece. .\s there is no saving in
employing an unskillful clipper, every encouruge-
ment should be given to induce servniits to cut
close, sinnotlily, and evenly, and lo avoid injuring
the »kin, or going twice over the same part. There
are two ways in this country of depriving sheep of
their wool. In the first, or coarser molhod, which
is only adopted in the case of Chevioi and hcalh
sheep, the operator sits Opon the ground, and plac-
ing the animal on its back between his knees,
shears the wool first from the belly and legs, and
then, after tying the latter, proceeds to clear the
back. In the second melhod, the legs are never
tied, as the disposition of the sheep is such as to
render it unnecessary. The animal is placed on
its buttocks — the shearer stinida with the head be-
tween or closely in front of his legs, and clip."! first
one side, cutting from the middle of the bc'ly lo
thai of the back, down to the loins. It is then
placed on its side, the knee of the operator pressing
on its neck, and the wool is removed from the legs
and bullocks. The fleece is next rolled up, with
the cut side outwards, commencing at the tail, and
using the wool of the other extremity as a fasten-
ing for the bundle.

A cool dry apartment should be selected in
which to store the wool, always remembering thai
heat and damp are equally injurious to it, and that
the greater the porfection in which it retains its
naturally oily moisture, the more valuable will it
prove both to the grower and the manufacturer.

Wtaning. — Weaning, where milking is not
practiced, ought to be set about in the end of July
or beginning of August. In some places, the ewo
lambs are never spcaned, but allowed logo at large
with their mothers ; and though by this plan the
dam is apt to be kept in poor condition, yet is this
counterbalanced by the comparative freedom of the
hogs from braxy. As an improvement, however,
the gimmcr lambs may be withheld for a fortnight
from their mothers, and at the end of that lime
may be permitted to pasture with them.

Wlien the udders of the ewes appear, after their
separation from the lambs, lo be much distended,
they may be once or twice milked, to prevent bad
consequences ; but it is much better lo obviate
the necessity for this, by reducing their allowance
of food for a few days. When the animal seems
to suffer much irritation about ihe udder, it will al-
ways be safe to give a brisk dose of any of the
common saline purgatives.

The store Iambs are at lliis period sent to good
pasture, or, where the farm cannot afford il, are
Bummered at a distance ; that is to say, the farmer
pays so much a head for permission lo feed his
flock, during a couple of months, on another per-
son's ground, at the end of which period ihey are ■
turned upon the pasture which has just been vaca-
ted by the gimmers, they having been sent lo join
the older ewes. — Blacklock'a Treatise.

I'Voin Omy't ScitnliOo and Pniclieal Apicullur*.

INDIAN CORN.

Indinii corn, or zra maia, is a iiutivo of lliis coun-
try, and wBi unknown to Enropruns until nflcr the
dl^co^ery of America. In consi'quenco of tfie dif-
ferent cliinntra and soils in which il has been cul-
tivated for B long scries of yeors, there hnvo been
produced several varieties, differing iimro in appea-
rance and liubils than many distinct speciea of
plants. We know how sonio of these varieties are
produced, and this may instruct us in the selection
of the seed, in oidcr to improve any particular va-
riety, or to ohliiin a new one. One mode uf ob-
lainiiig varieties of corn, is by selecting the seed.
Thus, for example, a celebrated variety lias been
produced in llie Soiilhcrii and Western .States, by
selecting the first year the seed from stalks nhicli
bore two ears, and taking the lop car lo plant. The
second season there were some stalks of three ears ;
and the top ears from the.10 were then token and
planted ; nnd this process was continued for a sc-
ries of years. The consequence was, that the
stalk became very high ; and the number of ears
upon a stalk increased from one to five, and even
eight. It should be remarked, that though ihis
process gave a distinct variety, yet il would have
been a much more valuable variety, in this case, if
the lower ears had been taken ; by which means
the ."talks would have been lower, the ears nearer
the ground, and hence much less liable to injury,
nnd more likely to be early, plump, and well filled.

The soil for Indian corn should be a light sandy
or gravelly loam. A rich dry soil is always lo be
preferred. Corn may be manured in the hill with
compost or rotted mnnuro. It is much better, how-
ever, to spreiid green manure or compost, nnd turn
it into the soil. The corn may then be planted in
rows, about three feet apart, and from five to six
kernels in a hill, lightly covered with loam. It is
desirable in theory lo spread fifteen or twenty loads
of green mnnure to the acre, and turn il under, to
act upon the crop late in the season, and then to
put five or six loads of compost in the hill, to give
il an early start. This corrcspondii with the expe-
rience of the best farmers.

The after culture consists in two or three hoe-
ings, or one cleaning with the cultivator and two
hoeings. The first hoeing should remove the
earth from the roots; the second should raise il in-
to the form of broad, flat hills. Some experiments,
however, seem to prove thai corn is best ciiliivaled
on a flat surface, with a tillage depth of from six
to twelve inches ; and theory would load us to the
same conclusion. The proctice of making hills,
injures the roots and exposes them lo the influence
of drought.

The expense of this crop, and the value of itJ
proceeds, may be eslimated as follows :
Plowing, $4 00 Produce, :?.5 hush. $:Vi 00

12 00 Corn fodder,
75

10 00

$45 CO

28 75

Deduct expense,

Profit, $ltj 25

Till faithfully, and you may expect abundance.

Ma

Furrowin_

Planting," 1 .50

First hoeing, 2 50

Second and third do. 4 00

Gathering, 2 00

Husking, 2 00,

This, wo think, is a very low estimate of the
value of this crop; for the manure ought not, all of
it, to be charged to the corn, as it generally suflices
for two more crops. 40, .50, CO, and even 120
bushels, also, are oflen obtained per acre, in tlie
Northern and Middle States.

390

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JXIKE S,IA4S

A.Nn IIOBTICULTURAI. RK013TF.R.

Boston, Weduksdat, Juiie 8, 1842.

CHEMISTRY.

Doctiira ilisai^rte — and Faiiheiu too
Cheinislry \* bringing its nid ici liusbiindry. Mpn of
iciennn ore altninpling lo give lo practicnl fiirnirrs, prin.
cipirs nnil rules In ijuhlo llieni siifily nnd protilnbly in
the priiciici: of tlieir atl. Nul only liavo llii; sciomific
men o\ Eiimpo, ns Licliig and Johnson, rccpnlly Tur-
nialipd us wilh Ajjricullural clicminlric?, but Dr. Jark-
•on, in liis Rcpi)rl.-, am! in otluT w lys; Dr. Unii.i in lii^
Muck iManual, and .Mr Gray in Ins recent publicaiion
upon farming and horlicullure, have here in our miilsl
bscn seeking to reveal many of the mysteries uf vegeta-
ble growth, and show us how wo can best rause the
eorlh to bring forth abnndantly. The laliors of men of
science will benefit every tiller of the soil sooner or la-
ter. Science can lend, nnd does lend, important aid to
art.

Hut, fays one, the chemists themselves disagree, nnd
ihcrefoio I have no confidmce in them. Until they
can unite upon sTme principles as settled, how can the
ulcllered farmer find it prudent to take llie adiico of
any one among them all .' Some of their views must be;
erroneous. And how can wc delcruiinc which are so .'
Such Btatemc nla and facts constitutH a valid objection
to giving ourselves np to the oicliisivn guidance of any
chemist — they cinslitute a reason why, when we look
into an agricultural chemistry, we should keep in mind
the refills of our experience and observntions in the
field. We must judge whether tho deductions of sei-
enco, in the main, srcin reasonable and in a'^eordance
with what we already know. If they do, we mny get
viilual le hints from any and every ngrieullural chemis-
try; hints tlmt may help us— nut to forget our experi-
ence and blindly follow the chi rnisl — but to find ronsoi s
why wc Fuccccded or why wc faihd in years past ;
thus we may le:irn to go i n more nndeislni'dingly in
future.

We value ifgriciiltural chemistry more as a science
which throws light upon tho farmer's past experience,
nnd enables him for gooil cause eiilier to retain unal-
tered or to hllghtly vary, and thus perhaps greatly im-
prove, bis past processes, than as a teacher whose in-
structions may throw experience into tho background.
We trust that the works of the chemists will lie read
ond i*tudi<'<i more and more extensively, nnd that com-
mon pcnsc, experience ami observation will be brought
lo bear upon and selci t from them such parts ns they
approve and can use with foir protni.se of improvement

The fact that the chemists dinsgree on some poin'e,
must not be pressed too bard. For practical farmers
differ ns much in opinion ss do the chemists. One pre
fors to pl.int bis potatoes nptn old ground, nnd nnoiher
upon new. One chuMses to put the mnnuto ubove the
put.itoGS, while iiis neighbor will put the potatoes ohnve
the manure. One thinks it best to turn liis manure
down under tho preen sward, while others ran find no
benefit from it when thus pl.iced. A. will make n hijb
hill around bis corn, wbile H. will make noni-. i'o
that were one lo iindertnko lo gel from pruclUid farmtrs
. — genuinr stri/icd frricli mr.n — were he to try to get from
ihniii a set of rules lo g'liida him in the plnnting i T pota-
toes, in npphing manure, or in boeinir his corn, he
wonhl he in as great doubt what lo do nner ho bud cnn-
Bulti <l five or six of iliem, as ho would be after he had
read five or six (realises from lb* pens of tlioso who

give ua lessons from the laliorotory. What is the inlu-
rencc ? Nol, surely, that those practicnl men know
nothing about their biisineus, nnd inn give no valuable
information — but that dillcient soils iiro not all to be
trented oliko; and consequently that each one must
learn by experience in his own fields what his own soils
require. Ilo mny get hints — may got instruction from
both the practical men and the seienlific men — but he j
tniist go to his own fields nnd liiere Unrn, by varying
his processes and noting results, what is the best course
fiir him, wilh his soil and in his circiimstanres.

We often bear the wish expressed that scientific men,
nnd writ"rs upon ajricuUuie could settle souie princi-
ples nnd give a sot of rules for the husbandman which
might be siifehj reduced to practice by all fanners. The
wish is natural enough — but it is a wish for an impossi-
biliiy. All the science that the world lias ever bad, and
nil the treatises and parasnifihs that have ever been
written upon agriculture, if fad and studied ever so
faithfully by a man in his closet, would nol qualify him
to go on to a farm containing Iho common variety of
soils, nnd skilfully ndipt his manure and his mode of
treatment t.) each field, and to tlio difleicnt purls of each
field. If ho were a prni Ileal firmer, science and tho
cxperienae of olhrrs might ho of much service, ns aids to
his own experience — but they would be nothing more
than aids. 1

On his own pren ises, rach firmer has an instructive
book alivnys open before him — ench springing, growing
or ripening crop, each mode of tillage, inr.li variety of
plant, each manure, each dilTerent soil — these, nnd
many other things, may be constantly giving him les-
sons, if he will but keep his eyes open nnd read. The
te.icliings of others will help him lo keep his eyes open
— will stimulate and direct inquiry, will cause him to
look closely, to reason, reflect,' compare, and thus get
useful information.

As an instance of the honcfils which oiio practical
man may derive from reading .in account of what anoth-
er has done, wo will state that Hon. Win. Cl.irk, Jr. of
Nonhampton, eight or ten years ago, gave lo the public
bis process of seeding down light hinds !o grass by sow-
ing tho seed among the growing crop of Inilinn Corn.
The hint was taken by .Mr. Daniel Putnam, of Dan-
vcrs, wlio in five different years since, has biid down in
that way a portion of tiis farm to grass — nnd in no one
instance has be failed lo get a good result. We (editor)
have helped to sow the seed there, to work it in, and lo
lake off the crop ; and we judge tlnil in labor saved and
in the increase of crop above what would probably fiave
been obtained if seeded down with oats or barley, the
profit has been, or soon will be, not less than 10 dollars
per acre, on cadi of the eight or ten acr-'S. A great
poiril here is the ce.'Mainty wilh which the grass takes.
The neighbors have lost by drought and frost much ol
their grass, while Mr. Putnam has lost but liltle. Far-
mers from neighboring towns are coming to observe
and to inquire — and uppenrances arc that this inodu of
seeding drM^-n will be much extendi'd in tliut vicinity.

One worthy fanner, who is strongly wedded to old
ways, nnd who lias bei n successful in getting more than
a gooil 1 ving, has watched the doings in Mr. Putnam's
fields for years, and as we supposed, without the slighi-
esi inclination to imitate his mode, has concluded to lav
down four acres to grass with bis coin crop this season.
To ibose who know the man, ;liis fiicl will be strong
evidence that the reasons fiir diparliiig from ohi woys
are very good.

Such the results so far of reading tho statoincnts of
one practicnl man — an argument in favor nf reading.
And though wo have nol in our oxperiencr so palpable

a case in mliicli a scientific man has sent out from til
labaralory a Etntement that has been turned to sue|
practical account, yet the statements of chemist!
constantly furnisliing facts and principles tlial lliroi
much light upon the fields we till.

CEMENT.

In tho New England Forinrr, vol. xir. No. 3, page 21
wc find the following statement :

" The late conquest of Algiers by the French, hi
made known n new cement, uaod in the public wui
in th.at city. It is composed of two parts of ashes, th
of cl.iy and one of sand ; this composition, called by
Moors Fabbi, being again mixed with od, resists the
clemencies ol the weather belter than marble itself"

Mr Dorr, of Roxbury, called upon us a few I'.ays age
to look up the above article in our back volumes, an<
stated ihal he used a cement made according to ll
above d.reclions, around the window casings ol a slot
house he was building about the time this article appei
ed, end it has proved as good as the statement repc
Bcnts ll is as hard e.s marble, and will slick to wa<
as well as to none.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

Zamba, or the InsurTeefion — a dramatic poem by Mrs
E. Ricord. Published by John Owen, Cambiidse, li
whom we are indebted for a copy. Wo have had di
lime to read it yet.

Cohbrtl's American Gardener — a new edition. Saxtoi
& Pierce are the Boston publishers. A spiriuil aiM
good work.

By

fine

Su

M.ASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIE'IV.

EXHIBITION OF M.OWERS.

Satiirdiiy, June 4, I -i li
John A. Kcnrick. Azalias, ten vnr. — Vi
K.ariy While Itiliai Honeysuckle. PoBony M.i
Bauksii ; P. Mouiaii papavracea ; P. lenniltilis ; I
sen; P. albicans pUno ; P. albiflora eiubesc*
Scarlet Ilawihorn ; Scotcli laburnum; Glycine sinenii
— (beautiful) — Aristulochia sipfio ; Caucasian lloiiay
suckle, iVc.

Four Bouquets and cut Pa^onics, from John C. How
ard, Brookline.

Cut Flowers of Magnolia, &e., from J. Carter, Rotani
Garden.

Native Plants, from B. E Colling — Trillium rcrnuum
Corydalis f-hiuca ;. Thesium umhellatum ; .Aiuin In
pliylluin ; Aquileriia Canadensis ; Aralia niidiiuiiiis
Geranium inaenlutum ; Clirlidonium majus; C'livsli
riu inultiHorn ; Convnlnria fiifolin, >Vc. &c.

Italian Clover (Trifiilium incarnatiim) — from Ctpl
Lovett, Beverly

Bouquets fiom Wm. Kenrick, J Hovey, Misses Sum
nor, J. I,. L. F. Warren, S. Walker.

Twenty beaiitifiil varieties of Geranium were eiliibi
ted, from the President ol the Society. The list of ihi
nances having been taken away, they cniinul be given

rxiiiBiTioK OK rnoiTs.
By Dr. Howard— Miller's Burgundy and White Cl.»^

•elas Grapes
Vegetables -

rery fine.
-Cucumbers, by J. I«. I.

F War
JOHN A. KENK

SIek Headache. — Two tea sponnsriill uf finely powdf
ed charcoal, drank in a half tumbler uf water, will it
less than fifteen minutes give relief to iha vick Inn Inchf
when caused, as in most rases it is, by nsupcrabiiiijanri
of acid on the stomach. — .V. Y. Herald.

Common salt eight parts, ssllpotre one pari, \
cil together nnd opplird to Ihe surface of the gro
necli-d with the trunk of the peach tree, will, i
destroy all worms nnd grubs nnd pioniote Ihe
tho tree.

X OI.. XT. ItO. «9.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T L' R A L II E G I S T E R

S91

l: nil n
-old.

1,1

A

ri.l

biniit

ft

n

Infill

>'s

->Jt

si'.rrs ii(>KTiLi:i,TUU.u. soimktv.

irii.-,l mcMin',' of ihi- Sx-iriY lu-1.1 June «ih,
.1 the I'lmirinaii nt the ilitfrrciU I'limmillfi-
o rrpurt lh« werkly eiliihiliuiii •<( l'°lu*'Ci9 ami

thai III lli<r atucm-c .H iln Chuinnan ol riih. r
iiv iiirinlicr )« tn);ic Icil to [icrlnrni Ihr iluiy ol

I r.|Kirl«, lor ihe .\ of K.niloml Karnirr.
aili |irr>uii ^rlulllli; or rlliil>llion Klo*or». or
pccilullr rrquoMci! lo Dild n lull lit of tin'
KBEN. WIUllT

Kec. Sec't/.

XlllUITIi>N OK GERANIUMS AM) P.KONIES.

uliiliiiioii oT rn'oniri niul Urraniuitx for ihc Socio
iiuuin, will lake pliic« on Saturday, June 1 I/A.
^iliil'ilrrj will lisirc llirir flowers in ilu- siaiiJs by II

Per order ot llit Cominiller.

C. iM. HOVRV,
» Olaimtn

TIIKllMOAIKrilK^AL.

nrporlrti lor llie New l^n;>lnntl Karmer.
rtlie riici iHoiiieterat the (■.irdriior llie proprietors
V Engl.iiKl Knrnicr, Urigluoii, Mrifs. In a •hailiil
<^x|io4urn. for llie week en*liii<r June 5.

liKic, 1542. I 6.A.M. I 12, M. | 7,I>..M. | Wind.

Ill IV, 311 I 49 I S4 6J < E.

- ' ' ,« I N. W.

13 N.

,0 S. R.

;i S. K.

4 I 4'i I 69 6a I S. E.

1 I),' 6 I ro I 83 . 73 I S. W.

-.lo Mrsi — « ilo I'liiiie t-OU n 6 01— ilo Mr»

Iroiii oili.T Sl.ileii — a —. — do I'rimu do do to 00 n & Ilu

- ilo t'nrijo do do — » Cji'nr do do »iO iKi a 1 1 00

Diilter, •hipiHiig a a II -do More, iiiiiiis|<ccted, ion 14— do
<lair)', IS a i;.--[,nrd, No. I, llikioii iii« fi \'i « G — do
S.>utli and Wcnler'i, 6 I 2 a S U 4- lloiiia, ISoklon, 7 « 7 1-2
—do Soulliern and WiiUrn, 3 a 5- Cheese, Sliip'g and 4
meal, C a S— do new milk, 9 b 10

wool,. Duly. I'll.- »jliie whereol at ihe place uf ei-
|->riation Ahall not excretl d els. per pound, free. All wliorc-
1 1 tlie To.iie eseeedi s els. prr pound, 32 per it. ad »al. and I
4 els pel pound, I

I'riine or Saiony Klee'.o.^. washed, lli 44 a 44c.--Ainer- I
lean full Mood do 40 » 42--l)o 3 4 do 37 n 40~r)o. I -2 do '
33 a 30 -1.4 and coniiiioii du 30 a 31 — tiinyrn'i Sheep,
washed, So a 23-- Do. uiivviislicd, 10 a 13— lleni;nii du
t a 10— Sniionj , < lean — Kueiios Aj res uiipicUed, 7 a 10—
>io. do. picked, 12 u 16 — Sii|ierliiic Nniihern pulled laiiili 33
• 3S— No. I ill,, ilo. do. 32 a 34— No. 2 do do du 21 a 24- '
No. 3 do do do 12 a IS. {

HOPS. Duly 20 percent.

Isl sort. Moss. IH4I prrllilOall. — 2d do do do 8.

IIAV, per Ion. SI9 lo 22- KaNiern Screwi'd Si4 to 10

CHKKs>li--.SIii|i|,iiig and 4 meal, 0 lo ec.~Ncw 9 to 10.

litiCiS, 12 n 16.

Wll.l.ln'.i l..t I I 'I' lltll'IIOVI'.l) Ml.l:i> M)\VKII.

SOITIIUOWN STUCK.

For snjir l.y the sodiscrilier iii ihc f^iol of Alwcll's Avenue
In the city ol Piovidencc, one imported Southdown Uiick,
Six Kwes ond four Landis. The uhovc are of the purest
Mood, and second lo nunc In the country.

Junes. 8w JOHN GILES.

WANTKD

To hire from 13 loJO acres of land with buildines, from 3 to
10 miles of HoMlon. Communication lo ilie office of this
paper will he attended 10. 3t* May 25

RBVUI.VIKG II'.RSE: RAKE.

;lliH rO.\ MAKKKT.— Mo.MiAf, June ti, I84*J

KeiKoleil furtlie .New En'linU Farmer I

I Market S.JO Ueel Cattle, iO p:iirs Working oxen, I
l.iws and Calves, 500 Sheep and CiO Swine.
.I.E3.— Bee/ Cattle. A few extra $(! 03 a 0 2,i.
I quality, $5 50 a 5 73. Second qunlily, |:5 50.
Ill quality, ^4 ?.'■ n 5 75.

nrking Oxen —Sales 70, 75, 80, 85, 95, 100, and
J.
,trs and Cahes. Sales 20,2-2,23,25, 29,:«), and

iCtp. Sales of lots fiom I 50 lo $.T 00.

ctnt. — Uuli. Loisio peddle 3 for sows, and 4 (or bar-

1. Large barruwA 3 a 3 1-4. Al retnil, from 4 tu

WHOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Con Klcd u.Uk great care, wecktij.

•.KD.S. Herds Grass, $■•> 7.5 lo 3 00 per bushel Red Top,

) 511 cents, (.'lover— Northern, 11 to 12c. — Soulhern, 9

c. l-"lax Seed, *2 90 per bushel. Lucerne, 23 c. per lb.

iry Seed, tJ no a 6 00 per bushnl.

lAl.N. Vellow Hat Corn, 56 a :,7 ; while, .',-,; of ih.

r there is but little aflnat unsold; yellow round 60c j
4 J a 4tc. anil Uyc 6^ per bushel,
rn — .\irlliern, bushel 60 lo— —do. Round Yellow 59

—do. Southern Flat Yellow 56 a 57— While do. 54 a 55
rley — a — —Rye, Northern, 67 a 6J —do. Soulhern,

63 — Oals, Southern, 4" a 42- Northern do. 45 lo

s, i>er bushel 75 a 1 50. — Shorts, per double bush. — a

.OCR. Genesee, Akron brand, 87 a 7 IS; and a
I lot early III ihc week, lor shipping, at l7 1-4 ; Ohio
a t, ; Philudelpliia to arrive, t6 u 6 12 per bbl.j How-
Ifeet.S6 per bbl.

iltiinore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. t6 50 a tlo

r, »6 00 a — do. free of earlic, SO 23 a Phila-

in do. 4 mos. 86 12 a Fredericksburg, lowi'd 4

$6 no a C 12 — Alexandria, wharf mountain,— — a
Gt-i'rt;eiown, 86 23 aC 62— Kichniond Canal, 86 23 a 6 37
Ciiy, 87 I10» 7 25— Pelersbargh, South side 87 00 a —
Country (6 00 a 6 12— Ge:iesee, common, cash, 86 31 a
- do fancy brands 80 44 a 6 50 — Ohio via Canal,
a 6 12 -do do New Orleans, cash «S 75 a 6 i 0. Kye,
a 4 nu — liidiai Meal in bbls. 83 00 a 3 12.
.lOVISIONS. Thesalesby auction comprise Western
r I'ork. a first rate article, 810 25 a 10 60 per bbl. 4
cr M "ss, iiilerior to Rood quality, Si 87 a 7 50 per bbl ;
; do do. 81 a 5 50 per bbl; lOu casks Hams, 5 3 4 a
~ 1 er lb 4 mos. cr.

;l- Mess, 4 no new bbl. 89 00 a 9 23— Navy— 87 73 a
-No 1 , 87 00 I 7 50— do Prime »4 50 a 6 Ou- Pork—
\ clear, 4 mo. bbl. 811 a a 50 — do Clear 810 a lu 60

This is one of the most useful and labor saving machine
now in use. One man and a horse with a boy lo lead, wil
rake on an average from 25 to 30 acres per day, with easi
and do the work well There is a great advantage in this
rake overall others, as the person using it does not have lo
slop ihe horse to unload ihe rake. For sale by J. BUECK

&CO., No. 52 North Market st.

May 22.

»\GKICVliTl'RAl. IMPl.K9IEK'rs, &c

The Proprietors of the New f.neland Agricultural Ware-
house ond .Seed Store No. B I and .',2 Norih Market street,
would inform their euslnniers and Ihc public generally thai
they have on hand the most exiciisive assorlinent of Agri
eultuinl and Horliculiural Tools to be found in ihe Uniled
States. Part of which are ihe folio

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

Iron Ploughs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivator?
100 Greene's Slraw Cullers
50 Willis' do. do.
100 Common do. do.
100 Wii;is' Palent Corn

Shellers.
50 Common da do.
2.,0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegelalilc Cutlers
60 Common do. do.

200 Hand f^orn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Vnkcs.
1500 Doz. Scyihe Siones.
3000 *' Austin's Rifles.
March 17.

100 doz. Cast Sieel Shovels.

150 "

Common do.

10(1 "

Spades.

500 "

Gross Scythes.

300 "

Patent Suaiths.

200 "

Common do.

500 " ■

Hay Uakea.

200 "

Garden ilo.

200 "

Manure Forks.

300 "

Hay do.

500 Pai

r Trace Chains.

100 "

Truck do.

100

Dralt do.

500

Tic up do.

Gu doz

. Halier do.

000 yards Fence do.

25Uri

nd Siones on rollers

POUORBTTB.

For sale 200 Barrels Poudrelle, at 82 per barrel, tv J.
BRE:CK Si. CO, 61 and 52 North Slarket St., CostoD.
May IS.

Ill l:s'll^ III-. lunr, 1!.: :..... :.. .. jL,...; IM.iI

bis seed is pul I tlii-'(,'loiiiiil, iiiid .It'lbo kaiiio liiiir

in Ihe best puB.ilde m>inner. There lins been a (trral
difliculljr in marliinra lor sowinu garden feeds; ihcy
nro very n|>l to elo;. up, and llin farmer might go over nil
BiTool land and not sow n ningle seed ; but not so with
this; it is so conslriicied ilial it cannot possibly riog.
Ill using this sovier, tlio farmer run save one iinlf <ir
his seud, and do the work al less than one quarter the
expcnso of the coniinon way of sowing, and liavo it
done in a much better manner; it opens the fiiriow,
drops ihc seed, covers it over and rolls them down.
It will sow any kind ofCiarden Seeds; say Riila (lng,i,
Mangel Wurlzel, Turnips, (.'nrrols. Heels, P.irsnips, On-
ions, ^c. For sulii al the New Englund Agruiiliurnl
Wnrehnuso and Seed Slnre, Nos. 51 nnd 52 Non'i Mar-
ket sircel, by JOSEPH BRKCK & CO.

April 20

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great iinprovcnieiiis have I em male the past year in Ihe
form and workniaiisbip o( these Ploughs; ihe mould b< ard
has been so formed as lo Aii/Ae furro:i> roniptr.'ehi ofcr.
turniiter in erenj purlicfe of j^rass or snJ'blr, and tc-ivinff the
/rround in the beit po^Hhlc manner. The length of the
mould board has bi n very much increase.*, so that the
Plough works with ihe grciie-t ease, boih wiih respc^cl to
the holding and the team. The Coininiltee nl the late Irioi
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo which of the Ploughs
we should prefer (or u.?c on a larm, we migh^ierhaps say lo
the inquirer, il your land is inosiiy light and easy lo woik,
try Piduiy & Mears, but if your tand is hcaetj, h^-irj orroel.y,
BEGIN WITH Ma. Howard's. '■

At Ihe above iner.t:oned Irial the Howard Plough did
more icork, ipilk the same p»irer of team, than untj other
plough exhibited. IN'o oilier turned more than IweniysceD
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. drauihl, while Ihe
Howard Plntigh turned tieentijninc and one half inches, to
the same power of team ! All acknowledge that Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed wilboiU
having lo furnish a new bindsiilv this shoe likewise seciiies
Ihe mould board and lundside together, and slrenglheus lbs
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo8l5. A Plough,
snfficieni for breaking up with four entile, will cost about
8;o 60, and with culler 81, with wheel and culler, 82 CO
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, M
ihe New F.ngland Agricullural Warehoise and Seed Stoi«,
Nos. 61 & 62 North Market Sireei. bv

JOSKPH BRECK &. CO.

April 20

DAHMAS.

For sale al the Agricullural Warehouse, No. 62 North
Market sircei, a large assortinenl of Double Dahlias of th*
finesl varieties. J( SEPH BRECK & CO.

Boston, ,May 3, 1842.

DAHLIA POLES.

JOSI'.PU BRECK & CO., offer for sale liiOO superior
Dahlia Poles, wiih the bark pealed ofl, in bunnies of lOO, or
by the dozen. Boston, May 3, 1842.

392

NEW ENGLAND F A R iM E II .

JVNB 8. 181 a.

MISCELLANEOUS

BELLS.

The largest sixe bells in this country seeinsmBll
when coiiipareil willi BOiiic in the ciUl worlil. The
principal bell of St. Tnul's, in London, ami tlie
"(Jrcat Tom," of Lincoln, esch weigh over HOOO
pounds.

The largest bell in England, is Ihe "Mighty
Tom," of Oxford, which weighs 17,000 lbs. There
is a bell of the same weight in Florence, hung '27.')
feet from the ground, which is 50 feel higher than
the top of Bunker Ilill monument when finished.
The great bell in St. Peter's, at Rome, recast in
178.'», weighs 1«,(;07 pouiidn.

The greatest bell in the world, is that at Mos-
cow, which is broken and partly buried in the
earth from its immense weight. It is supposed to
weigh 132,000 lbs.

There is another bell in Moscow, now hanging
in St. Ivan's church, weighing 228,000 lbs.

Chimes, or peals of bells, arc coiiuoon in Eng-
land, but very rare in this country. It is supposed
there are about 1100 in Great Britain, consisting
of from five to twelve bells each.

Bells were formerly baptized, anoiiileJ and bless-
ed by the bishops and monks, and inscriptions of
some passage of scripture, or a brief cnupkt, "ere
frequently made, which practice has coniinued
nearly to our time. The prophetic verse on the
celebrated " Liberty bell," on Independence Hall,
in Philadelphia, is an instance of this :

"Proclaim liberty throughout the land, and to
the inhabilanls thereof."

This sacred bell which first rang the joyous peal
of Independence, was brought over from England.
It is now rung only on the 4th of July, and the
22d of February.

The following used to be common inscriptions
on bells:

" Men's deaths I tell
By doleful knell."
" Lightning and thunder
I break in sunder."

"On Sabbath all
To church I call."

" The sleepy head
I raise from bed."

" Thi! winds so fierce
I do disperse."

"When from the body parts the soul, I toll."

" I praise the true God, call the people, convene
the clergy, lament the dead, dispel pestilence, and
grace festivals."

Bells wore formerly supposed to be of great use
in expelling demons, and when any person in the
parish was supposed to be dying, the pasainf; belt
was rung, i. c., the bell that solicited prayers for
those who were passing into anolhor world. — Sa
lem Observer.

him, as far as circumstances will permit, be indus-
trious in surrounding it with pleasant objects — in
decorating it, within and wiihout, with things that
tend to make it agreeable and attractive. Let in-
dustry make home the abode of neatness and or-
der— a place which is enticing to every inmate,
and which in absence dra\cs back the heart by the
fond associations of comfort and content Let
this be done, and this sarred spot will become
doubly dear. Ye parents who would have your
childrr-n happy, be ambitious to bring them up in
the midst of a pleasant, a cheerful, a happy home.
Waste not your time in nccuniulating wealth for
them ; strive rather to plant in their minds, in the
way proposed, the seeds of virtue and prosperity —
SetecteJ.

"THE DEACON FOR ME."

" Papa," said one of his boys to the deacon,
liLd a funny dream last night."

" Wtll, son, what was it ':"

" I dreamed the devil came into your store."

" The devil ?"

" Yes, pa, the devil ; that he found you drawing
a glass of gin for poor Peter James, who has fits,
and broke his little baby's arm the other day, be-
cause she cried when ho came home drunk. And
I thought the devil came up to the counter and
laid llic end of his tail on a chair, and leaned over
towards tlio barrel where you were stooping to
draw the liquor, and asked if you wasn't a deacou.
And I thought you did n't look up, but said you
was ; and then he grinned, and wagged his tail
like a cat that has a rat, and says to me, " that
Ure's llic deacun for mt .'" and ran out of the shop
laughing so loud that I put my fingers in my ears
and woke up."

The deacon quit the traffic and joined the Wash-
ington Temperance Society. — Selected.

ORKEN'SPATKNT STHAW CUTTEn.

JO.'^II'II BUECK & CO. aillieNcw England Ai;ri«
lunil Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. 61 and r.i Norili f
kel Sircet, liave for sale, Green's Pnlenl Sujw, llav
Slalk Culler, operaling on a nicchaniccl principle not In
applied loaHyimplcnienl for I Ins purpose. T ic mcil pi
iiiei.t effects of Itus applicaliim, and some of llic conscq
peculiarilies of Ihe maclune are :

1 So "real a reduction of ihe qnanluiii of power rcqui
to u«- itrthal the slrcnglli of a half grown tioy is sufBr
lo work it efficiently^

2 With even lliis moHcrale power, il easily cutstwo
els a minute, which is full twice as fasi as has been clail
hy any other machine even when worked liy horse or »F

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in whichi
cul, roipure sharpening less often than lh»se of any
straw caller. . . ■ j .»j

4 The machine is simple mils construction, made ana]
welhcr very slronsly. It is therefore not so liable m\
complicated machines m general use lo gel out of order.

AN ANGELIC HOUSEMAID.

A lady received a letter from another, inquiring
as to Ihe character of a young woman who had lived
with the former as housemaid. The following
were the queries put :

"Is she clean? sober? honest? steady ? good
tempered? willing to be taught? an early riser,
without being called ? not inclined to gossip and
idle her time ? and has she any followers ? Does
she well understand waiting at table ? and clean-
ing plate ? Is she quick ? and can she sew neat-
ly"?"

To which the lady returned the following laconic
reply :

" Dear Madam — Polly is an angel of a house-
maid. From the making of a bed down to the
threading of a needle, you will find her all that
vou could wish — and even a lillte more." — Selected.

LACTOMtJTERS— a simple
the quality of milk. For titW by

nslrnment lor fi>Mr
J BRECK & CO.

DRAFT AND TRACE CHAINS.

400 pair Trnce Chains, suitahlc for Ploughinc
200 " Truck and leading Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. For f ale by J. BRECK 6l O
No. 62 North Market st.

TO MAKE HOME HAPPY.
Nature is industrious in adorning her dominions ;
and man, to whom this beauty is addressed, should
feel and obey the lesson. Let him too be indus-
trious in adorning liia domain — making his home,
the dnelliiig of his wife and children, not only
convenient and comfortable, but pleasaou Let

Horrid Depravity. — A Western paper tells of a
gun which upon being discharged, not only kicked
its owner over, but kept kicking him after ho was
diinii — and, adds the paper, would (irobably have
kicked him to death, had it not been for the timely
arrival uf assistance.

.1 ndicate Morsel. — The editor of the Natchez
Free Trader porsiiaded a v-ry fastidious young lady
to pick part of the rib of a very juvenile pig, by as.
suring her that it had been fed exclusively on
strau'berries.

TTK VP CHAINS.

Just received by 500 Chains for Iveing np Cattle.

These chains, introduced hy E. H.' Debdv, Esq. of a*
and Col. jAcaur.s, for the purpose of securing mule 10 i
stall, are found te he the safest and most convenient mt
of fastening cows and oxen lo the stanchion.

DAHLIA AND BEAN POLES.

DOO dozen Dahlia and Bean Poles ; also, COO Spruce Pn
12 lo 30 feet in length, for sale hy MOSES FUENCH Ji
Maine wharf, near the hottom of Summer si.

June t, I81-.i. 3w

BUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Moore's, Suii Dial
very neat

d useful article for the purpose of giv
of day in ihc garden or fiehl. Price 7G cents.
J. BRECK *■ CO., No 61 and 52 North Market ^

r..r

>l,l I.

NEW ENGLAND FARMER.
A WEEKLY PArFR.

Terras, $2 per year in nc/rnnce, or^S .'i* ifnotp*
within thirty dny>.

N. B. — I'oslniostors are perniitled by law to frinlii
subscripiicms and remillnncci for newspiipcii", with"
expense to subscribers.

raTTLS AMD BKK«BTT, rKIITTEMI.

A N D 11 O U T I ( V L T U 11 A L 11 E Ci I S T E R .

PUllLISHKD BY JOSEPH BllECK * CO., NO. 52 NOUril M.VllKKT STllEKT, (Aooicultui.al WA»BHou.K.)-ALLIiN PUTNAM, liDlTUU.

BOSTON, WEDNKSDAY EVENING, JUNE 15, 1842.

cnn. so.

N . E . FARMER.

>ini M.irrit'1 Report on thn Insocu ofMiutehuKlta

blijjliled li<l(l, IB iKit iilVeclccl tliuroby in tlifi kU^UI-
est ilnjrcc; tlio si;C(l (c^t's) <" porpetiioto llio dis-
' ensc rrom year to year, i.s loilyeJ in llie straw,
I H'liicli, when hitched, nro the worins" before men-
tinned. Dr. Andrew Nichids, of Danver.i, »tBtcs,
that these worms are ahoiil one tenth of un inch in
len<:th, and of a yellow or straw color; an<l that,
in the month of Novemher, they appr^arad to have
paused to the clirysaiis stale. They livo through
the winter unch.Tnijed in the straw, many of them
in IhestnbhI.! in the field, while others arc carried
away when the ■rrain i.s harvesleil. When the
barley is threslied, nnnierniig small pieces of dis-
eased straw, too hard to be broken by the flail, will
Train. Some of these may

INSECTS IN BARLEY STRAW.

n the years l!?'25l and IS;W, several commnnica-
L-re published in the eiyhlh volnm-J of Fi?.
^ " New England Farmer," respecting n
of barley straw, produced by the punctures
nsecic The first account of this disease that
en under my notice, is contained in an es-
l from a letter, dated Ati<jnst I(!th, lg->!», from
Hon. John Merrill, of Nowburyport, to .Mr

nden, wherein it is st.atcd that the barley in be found among the
neiahborhood of Newburyport, yieliled only a | be separated by the winnowin;; machine, but many
small crop; on some farms not much mon' others are too large and heavy to be winnowed
1 the oeed sown. Most of the stalks were out, and remain with the grain, from which they
d to have a number of small worms within , can only be removed by the slow process of pick-
11, near to the second joint, and had become in^ them out by hnnd.

lened in the part attacked, Irom the interrup- [ In the winter of 1829, Cheever Newhall, Esij.

f the circulation of the sap. Daring ."several ■ furnished me with a few pieces of diseased barley

previous to this date, the barley crops, in va- straw, each of which contained several small whi-

s parts of Essex and Middlesex couiitie.-J, were j lish niaggets. Since that time this afloction of the

c or less injured in the some way : and, in.iome barley has not again fallen under my notice, though

■s, the cultivation of this grain was given up J have reason to think that it continues to prevail

rsequence thereof. It was suppo-sed that the in many parts of .Massachusetts. The following

^is producing this disease, were imported from I account of my observations on the insects in the

nen, or some other port in the north of Europe, barley straw, was published in the New England

inio liarley that was sown in iho vicinity of > Farmer, in July, 18.'W. Fjacli maggot wa.i iiiibed-

bury, three or four years before 182; I. The 1 Jed in tlie thickened and solid substance of the

ns or maggots were found by John .M. Gour- stem, in a little longitudinal hollow, of the shape

E.--]., of Weston, Mass., to bo transformed to j of its own body ; and its presence was known by

I flies, which were thought by some persons to | an oblong swelling upon the surface. In some

le same as the Hessian flies. In the soiiimer , pieces of straw tile swellings were so numerous as

-?oI, myriads of those flies were found alive in ■ greatly to disfigure the stem, the circulation in

V beds in Gloucester ; the straw having been , which must have been very much checked if not

1~n from the fields the year before. An opinion . deslroyod. Early in the following spring, these
at time prevailed, that the troublesome humors | maggots entered the pupa or chrysalis state, and

ewith many persons were then afflicted, were
sioned by the bites of these flies; and it is
il that the straw beds in Lexington, being
1 to be infested with the same insects, were
rally burnt If any inconvenience really arose

on the fifteenth of June, the perfected insects be
can to make their escape through minute perfora-
tions in the straw, which they gnawed for this pur-
pose. Seven of these little holos were counted in
a piece of straw only half an inch in length. The
sleeping on these beds, it is far moro likely I insects continued to release themselves from their
vo been occasioned by the bites or stings of | confinement til! the fifth of July, after which no
ilical insecta, than by those of any insect like I more were seen. Much to iny surprise they proved
lessian fly. That vast numbers of parasitical to be minute, four-winged Ichneumon flies, which

are parasitical, or prey, in the larva state, on the
bodies of other insects. I had hoped to have ob-
tained the true culprits, the cause of the disease,
supposing that the latter were allied to the lies-
e disease in it begin to be visible by a sudden ' sian fly ; but these little insects, while in the larva
k ill the growth of the plants, and the yellow ; jtate, had destroyed them all, and, having finished
•of their lower leaves. If the butts of the I iheir appointed task, and undergone their transfor-
r are now examined, they will be found to be malions, now made their escape from the straw in
ularly swollen and discolored between the the winged form. The scientific name given to
nd and third joints, and, instead of being hoi- I this newly discovered parasite, was Eunjtoma hor
are rendered solid, hard, and brittle, so that rfji, go called from //orJeum. the Latin name for
item above the diseased part is impoverished, barley. It is very much like the parasite (Etirylo
ai seldom produces any grain. Suckers, how- \ ma dtslructor) oC the Hessian fly, described by Mr

ts, closely resembling the Eurytoma dcstruc-
ome out of the diseased straw, will be shown
after. Mr Gourgas observes, that when the
V is about eifhl or ten inches high, the effects
I

, shoot out below, and afterwards yield a par-
:rop, seldom exceeding one half iho usual
itity of grain. " It is evident," sayi .Mr Gour-

Say, but is rather larger, of a jet black color, ex-
cept the legs, which are blackish, with pale yellow
joints. The head and thorax are somewhat rough.

"that the soundness of the grain raised in a < md slightly hairy; the hind body ii smooth and

polished. The femalo i.s ihirteon hundredtliH of an
inch long; the male is rathci smaller. Il often
moves by little leap.*, but the hindmost thighi are
not thickened. This minute insect is to bo rcck-
ned among our friends, being appointed, by an
ll-wiso and provident Creator, to check the in-
crease of the destrudive fly thai attacks onr bar-^
y. Though disappointed in iny atlempts lo ob-
tain the lalter in its perfected slate, I hail with
pleasure the appearance of its mortal enemy.

Although the barley-fly has not yet been seen
by inc, there does not exist the sinullest doubt in
my mind that it is a two-winged gnat, like the
Ilcssian-fly and wheat-fly. Any one who will
compare the history of the two latter with what is
kiioivn of llie barley inHoct, will arrive at the same
conclusion, floth the Hessian fly and the barley
insect attack the culms or straw of grain, which
they injure to a great e.\tent ; and both have a
simiUr r.nir-wingcd parasite npijropriated to them.
In addition to this Rtatcinent, the following conjec-
tures, in dcfimll of facts, may be oflered. It is
probable that the barley-fly is a species of Cecido-
myiit, distinct from the Hessian and the wheat flies.
That il is of the same genus may be conjectured
from its attacking similar kinds of plants, and from
its having a similar parasite. The maggots of the
Ilos.^ian fly live between the sheathing bases of
the lower leaves of the culms of ihe wheal; but
the barley insects are found wiiiiin the stems them-
selves, and lie concealed beneath the thickeoed
epidermis or outer skin of the straw. Upon this
essential difference in the mode of attack, I ground
my belief that the two insects are not identical ;
and this conjecture is still further strengthened by
the fact, that the parasite of the barley insect is not
the same species as that of the Hessian fly. The
barley midge (Cecidnmyin ) rercd.Uiij ol I'luropo, is
said to be very injurious in some. parts of (iermany,
to barley and spelt, in the straw of which the lar-
viE live in considerable numbers together, and by
their attacks cause the stems to become warty,
notched, and crooked, and afterward* to perish.
Bui till! accounts given of this kind of insect by
the Baron Kollar and others, do not entirely agree
with the liltle thai is known respecting our insect.

We have reason to believe, that the maggots of
the barley-fly renmin in the straw during the win-
ter, and that they take the winged form in the
spring, in season to lay their eggs on the young
barley. Il is therefore important to prevent them
from completing their transforinalioiia. This may
be done by burning the stubble, which contains
many of the insects, in the autumn ; by destroying
in the same way, all the straw and refuse which
is unfit lor fodder ; and by keeping the grain in
close vessels over one year, whereby the insects,
which are disclosed from the small heavy pieces
of straw remaining unwinnowed from the grain,
will perish without an opportunity to escape.

The insects that attack the musk-melon, it is
said may be readily destroyed by strewing a little
lime and soot over the plants. Sulphur is the best
remedy for the red spidei a hich attacks them.

:{94

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

JUNE 15, 184S.

From ihe Albany CuUivnlor.

ANNUAL MRKTIN(; OF THE U. S. AGRI-
CULTURAL SOCIETV.

Il'asldngton, Mitij 4, ISn.

The Society rnot todny at the Patont Office,
wlien u number of ilelei;ales from the several
Slateg, appenred witli their credentials, and the
Hon. J. M. Gab.nett, of Virginia, at II o'clnck,
A. M., tiiuk the chair, and J. F. Cali.a.^, Secretary.

On motion of the Hon. H. L. EllBworth, a com-
mittee of threo was appointed by the Chair, to in-
quire into the expediency of establishing in this
city, a periodical to be devoted to the cause of ag-
culture, and to iie the official organ of this Socie-
ty, viz: Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, D. C. ; Dr. Eli Ives,
Conn., and Rev. J. O. Choulep, N. Y.

Rob'l E. Horner, N. J., T. 15. Wakeman, N. Y.,
Rev. O. B. Brown, D. C, L)r. G. B. Smith, Md.,
and Hon. II. L. Ellsworth, D. C, were appointed a
committee to report the order of business for the
future action of this meeting, and the Society ad-
journed until tomorrow morning.

Thursday, May 5, 1842.
At 9 o'clock, A. M., the Society met at llio Pa-
tent Office, and piocecded to the election of offi-
cers, and upon counting the ballots the following
named gentlemen were declared duly elected, viz:

Hon. James M. Garnett, Virginia, President.
J. F. Callan, D. C, Rec. Secretary.
Oliteii WhitTi.f.sev, Ohio, Cor. Secretary.
Edward Dver, Treasurer.

Board of Control.
Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, D. C.
Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, Ohio.
John A. Smith, T). C.
John S. Skinner, D. C.
William J. Stone, D. C.

Vice Presidents.
Maine, Hon. George Evans.
New Hampshire, Hon. Isaac Hill.
Massachusetts, B. V. French.
Connecticut, Dr. Eli Ives.
Rhode Island, Gov. Fenner. ^

Vermont, William Jarvis.
New York, J. B. Nott.
New Jersey, E. S. Green.
Pennsylvania, Hon. G. M. Keim.
Delaware, Dr. J. W. Thompson.
Maryland, Thomas Emory.
Virginia, Edmund Ruffiii.
North Carolina, Hon. E. Deberry.
South Carolina, Wade Hampton.
Georgia, Hon. Wilson Lumpkin.
Alabama, Hon. Di.\on H. Lewis.
Louisiana, Hon. Alexander Mouton.
Arkansas, Hon. A. Yell.
Tennessee, F. H. Gordon.
Mississippi, Hon. R. J. Walker.
Kentucky, Chilton Allen.
Missouri, Hon. L. !•'. Linn.
Illinois, Thomas L Hinds.
Indiana, Solon Robinson.
Michigan, Hon. J. C. Crary.
Ohio, Hon. John Hastings.
Dist. of Columbia, Amos Kendall.
Florida, Hon. C. F. Mercer,
lowu, I'imothy Davis.
Wisconsin, Henry Dodge.

The Vice Presidents of Virginia, District of Co-
lumbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware,
lire, CT officio, members of the Board of Control.

The President addressed the Society in his usual
felicitous manner, nt the coiiclusinn of which, on
motion of Dr. G. 11. Sknilh, of Md., the thanks of
the Society were voted to Mr Garnett, and a copy
of his address was solicited for publication.

The committee to inquire into the nxpeMiency of
establishing an ugricullural periodical, reported fa-
vorably to that measure, and their report was, «ftcr
some debate, adopted.

'Ihe committee on business, reported the order
in which the business of the Society should be
taken up and acted upon, and advised the amend-
ment to the Contitilcjlion as follows, in Art. lit:
" and the Board shall have power to prescribe the
mode in which it shall be withdrawn,"' and that a
" draft from the President, countersigned by the
Recording Secretary," as now required, shall no
longer be necessary.

The Board of Control, through its chairman, the
Hon. Levi Woodbury, made a written report, in
which they slate in consequence of the severe
pressure of the times, and the Society's limited
means, they had declined holding a Fair in the
present month, as required by the Constitution ;
but in the hope that they would find their pecuniary
condition much improved during the coming sum-
mer and fall, they recommend the holding an exhi-
bition in this city, early in the month of December
next.

T. B. Wakeman, Esq., of New York, from the
committee on business, made a report, concluding
with the following resolution, which was adopted :

Jicsolreil, That with a view to holding an exhi-
bition under the auspices of the Agricultural Soci-
ety of the United States, in December next, in the
city of Washington, a committee of two be ap-
pointed from each State and Territory, and the
District of Columbia, whoso duty it shall be to as-
certain how far the agricultural and scientific soci-
eties of the country will unite in \ho [iroposed fair ;
and that this committee meet in Philadelphia, at
the U. S. Hotel, on the Gth day of July next, at 5
o'clock, P. M., to decide upon the expediency of
holding the contemplated exhibition. It shall also
be Ihe duly of this committee in Co-operation with
the Board of Control, to make all the necessary iir-
rangements for this first annual fair, and to asso-
ciate with them such other persons as they may
think necessary in furtherance of this object, all
of whom together, sliall con.stitute the Board of
Managers to conduct the exhibition to its final
conclusion.

The Chair appointed the following gentlemen to
select the general committee above, viz: Dr. Eli
Ives, Conn. ; Thaddeus I!. Wakeman, N.V. ; Rob't
E. Horner, N. J. ; Dr. Gideon B. Smith, Md. ; J. F.
Callan, D. C. ; Thomas Crux, Va., and Hon. R. J.
Walker, Miss. ; who reported tho following com-
mittee :

Maine, Hon. F. O. J. Smith, Hon. E IJ. Allen.

New Mampihire, Hon. Isaac Hill, Hon. L. Wood-
bury.

Massachusetts, B. V. French, Hon. G. N. Briggs.

Vermont, Wm. Jarvis, Hon. Ililand Hall.

Rhode Island, Christopher Rhodes, Sol'n Towns-
end.

Connecticut, Dr. Eli Ives, Hon. J. II. Brockway.

New York, Thaddeus B. Wakeman, E. B. Pren-
tice.

New Jersey, R. E. Horner, C. S. Olden.
Delaware, Dr. Jas. W. Thompson, John Joni
Pennsylvania, D. Landreith, Geo. M. Coaics
Maryland, Hon. J. D. Jones, Got. Geo. Ilowan
Virginia, Rev. Jesie H. Turner, Thos. S. PI
sants.

North Carolina, Rev. S. Weller, Hon. E. Dcb<

S. Carolina, Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Hon. \\ . C
Preston.

Georgia, Hon. Lot Warren, J. A. Merriwealhet
Ohio, Hon. John Hastings, Thos. Affleck.
Tennessee, F. H. Gordon, Hon. W. B. Campbel
Alabama, Hon. W. R. King, Hon. D. H. Lewi
Louisiana, Hon. E. D. VVliite, Hon. Alex. Mol^
tun.

Mississippi, M. W. Phillips, Hon. R. J. Walkei
Kentucky, Chilton Allen, Hon. P. Triplett.
Mifsouri, Hon. L. F. Linn, W. H. Saunders.
Illinois, Thos. L. Ilinde, Hon. Z. Casey.
Arkansas, Hon. W. S. Fulton, Hon. A. Yell
Michigan, Hon. J. E. Crary, Hon. J. M. How
Florida, R. W. Williams, Hon. C. F. Mercer.
Wisconsin, Hon. Henry Dodge.
Iowa, Timothy Davis, A. C. Dodge.
Dist. of Columbia, Hon. H. L. Eilewnrth, J
Pierce.

Mr T. B. Wakeman offered the following reso
lulion, which was unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That the thunks of this Society ut,
due to the Hon. Henry, L. Ellsworth, Commissioinit
of Patents, for the agricultural statistics containiji
in his annual report to Congress, and that the coD*
tinuance of such statistics is worthy the patroniji
of the national government.

From the Alhauy Cultivator. ,

— 'I

THE PEACH TREE.
Editors of Cultivator : — I think tho lovers of
peaches, and especially those who arc desirous of
raising the peach tree, and who are deterred from
BO doing by the difficulty of preventing its destruc-
tion by the peach worm, will be gratified to learl
that the very best way of effecting that object,
(the prevention of the peach worm,) is to make •
pile of stones around each tree, and in close con-
tact with it, to the height of about 12 or IS inchee.
This, if done and continued, before the trees hare
become diseased by the attack of the worm, will
effectually prevent their decay from that cause ever
afterwards. Let the skeptic try it. A.^o.■^.

Bloody Murrain A. Huyck, in the Albany Cul-
tivator, says he has cured several cattle of bloody
murrain, by the following recipe : — Take one pint
of fat, melt it — add one gill spirits of turpen-
tine— then put in hnlf a pound of sulphur — stir
it till it is thin — put it in a junk bottle, and ])uur it
down tho animal.

Mr Colnian't Fourth Report. — Several inquiries
having been made for Mr Cidman's Fourth and final
Report on the Agriculture of Massachusetts, we
have succeeded in obtaining a (eyr copies, which
are for sale at this oflice, at $2 00 each. It ii »
large octavo volume, of over 500 psgee, and chuuU
be in every farmer's library. — .llbany Cult.

Why for sale:' Wo supposed the Common-
wealth had paid for all the reports struck off, and
that no charge would bo made upon the book aaj
where.— Ed. N. E. F.

▼i>L. X.X. .Ml. ao

A N D H O R T I C II I. T U R A I. n E (i I S T E R .

395

I'ruin (be Allitny CultiTtlor.

GREEN .MANURES.

\\ liare plants in a cUte ot° growth ara pluwrJ
on land lor tlio purpose of tnirichini; the »i'il,
y nro properly termed ureen manurct, nnd '.Ins
tlioil (if mnnurinj; h.in in many inttancei buoii
ccesfiilly practiced. But one kind of green
mire hat bcrn •xtensively uii-d in thii country,
tli.at Id clorcr ; and tlu> bencfiig of tliiJ are so
at and certain, that it i« believed the practice
t bo advaniajconsly extended to other plantd.
ni.s contain, already elaborated, all the •IcmciUs
essary for the formation of otheri ; not perhaps
)reciscly the aame proportions, but always more
Icos of the essential parts. Reason, then,
teach the farmer that growing plants might
cajily converted to elTeotive manures, and cx-
ence in this case fully supports the theory.
The constituent elements of plnnls nro woody
, starch, suj^.ir, and (;um, and these are coni-
nds of carbon, hydrogen and ii.tygcn. The
d and thu volatile oils, wax and re.siii, are form-
f carbon, with the elements of water and an
;ss of hydrogen. Vegetable gluten and albu-
eontain nitrogen, and it is never wholly nb-
in plants. It follows that for the growth of
ts, the presence of carbon or nilrojren, or sub-
ces capable of yielding these elements, as
as water, iron, lime, and other inorganic mat-
must be furnished. Green manures do this
; readily than almost any thing that can be
ded, as the use of clorer for wheat clearly
es. It appears from the writings of Xenophoii,
the value of green manures was early under-
1, for he rerommcnds that crops be sown for
purpose, and declares they "enrich the soil as
T rL3 dung."

he value of sea-weed as a manure, is well
■n, and arises from the organic elements it con.
tes to the soil. Dr. Browne, of Sutiblk, in a
r quoted by Prof. Johnson, in his essay on the
)f salt, gives a striking instance of this. " In
ber, I8IP, a violent gale of wind drove to this
of the coast an unprecedented quantity of sea-
8 ; these were eagerly scrambled for, and
my greater vicinity to the beach, I collected
tyseven cartloads, each as much as four hors-
uld draw ; and although other persons deposi-
leir collections in their farm yards, to rot
g other manure, yet I spread mine, fresh and
ipon little more than an acre of bean stubble,
itly plowed it in, and dibbled wheat upon it,
e tjth of October. I then salted the adjoining
with three bushels per acre, manured it with
n loads of farm-yard manure per acre, and
3d it with wheat on the 1.5lh of November,
-esult was, that the sea-weeded portion gave
times the produce of any equal part of the
The effects of sea-weed as a green manure,
ears from the reports of Prof Jackson and
olman, have been in Rhode Island and Mas-
setts, equally decided.

xt to clover, buckwheat has been more used
8 country as a green manure, than any thing
It is evident that to produce the best effect
enricher of the soil, the plant used as manure
i have a rapid growth, as in that way more of
Ik is drawn from the atmosphere than the
The farmer finds that the best wheal fol-
II luxuriant growth of clover — that the best
grown where the thickest, richest turf has
arned, and that the crop is generally in pro-

portion to the vogetublo matter present in the soil, i I was a boy, iind it used to bo the praclicu then, i
It has appeared, to in, hrtwevcr, that where large ' there was a poor hor, to give il to the bnys. Since
qiiRiilitieii of green niaiiuro were uscd,tlio presence I that, I have been convinced that the boys wanted
of siiiiio aikitll was iiocssnry to correct iiiiy iicidi- ' ns good a lice as the rest of the workmen. Far»
ty which might ensue, and hence aslu-s when used | mors may just think nflhis, before Ihay commence
in such ■ connection have proved of esuciilial ser- I opcrntions. •

viro. It has been an old saying, that " whatever is

Mr Knight was a strenuous odvncato uf the uso worth doing at all, is worth doing well." Anil lliis
of green manures, and some of his experiment* to saying will hold good on this subject, as it does In
prove their value, were most iiigeniou.i and dcci- | every other buNincsa which the fanner does. It is
sivo. As tlio result of his investigations, in one of highly important when we hoc, that every inch of
his communications to the Horticultural Society, ground should be stirred evenly and alike, and
he says, that what ho has stated is suflicient to also that every weed should be cut up.
show " that any given quantity of vegetable matter I think the farmer should select tho clearest and
can generally lie employed in its recent and oi- ! dryest days he can for hoeing; for this reason —
ganized state with much more advantage than when levi.'ry farmer knows that the ground works much
it has been decomposed, and no inconsiderable part ' better in a dry stale, than it does when it i* wet
of its component parts have been dissipated and This being the case, we should select the dry est

lost during the progress of the putrefactive fermen-
tation." This remark is unquestionubly correct,
although it will depend much on the manner of de-

days for hoeing, and when we cut up the weeds,
they will die at once. The objections to hoeing
when the ground is wet arc many. If the jjround is

composition, whether any considerable part of the j naturally moist, il will be likely if hoed when in an
elements c.f the plant are dissipated, fireen plants I over-wet state, to bake down, and to dry into hard
j decomposing in the open air, munt lose a large I lumps, so tliat the benelil of hoeing is almost entire-
I portion of valuable matters, but if covered with ly lost to the crop. Some people think that after
earth, such loss cannot take place. Combinations j a good shower, they must then take the hoe, and
take place, and the escaping gases are retained I go into the garden or corn field; but in nine cases
for the future plants. out often, I believe that they do more hurt than

It IS evident that green manuring can only he good to the growing plants. Our doctrine is to
used profitably in a warm climate, or during the | lioe before the shower comes, and then the ground
warmest part of our seasons. In Italy, the lupine i will bo in a good stale, light and dry, and thus the
is most generally used for plowing in ; but in colder pores of the earth are open to receive the falling
latitudes buckwheat has proved the best plant for ' .shower as it comes.

green manure. It gives a large amount of vegeta- ! Every farmer knows what the effect is to hoe
tion, grows rapidly, and comes to maturity, or the j out his corn field in wet showery weather. The
slate in which it is most valuable for manure, at a | ground works hard, and sticks to the hoe plate;
time when the heat is greatest, and tho perfect de-|and thus he only transplants tho weeds from one
composition insured. Plants used for green ma- | place to another ; nnd thus his labor seems to be

nure, should be plowed down when they have come
into flower, as the experiments of Sir II. Davy
prove that at that lime they have least exhausted
the soil, and contain the most soluble matter.

lost. I well know that there are circumstances
which will prevent the farmer from always having
good wealhcr to lioo in. But as a general thing,
he can select good dry days to hoe in, and then

In common with many fnr.mers, we think the ; the great object of stirring the ground well, and of
practice of turning under a large growth of clover i weed-killing, will be accomplished,
for the purpose of manure, is injudicious. Our! In very dry seasons, like the one we had last
experience would prove that il is belter to feed il summer, the hoe should be kept constantly at
off on the land. The large quantities of animal i work among the hoed crops, if the farmer wishes
salts deposited on the S(ul with the manure dropped, I to prevent his crops from drying up. In fact, I
which are, ks ia well known, tho most efficient [ believe thai frequent hoeing in dry weather will
agents in vegetation, "vill more than compcnsuln i raise more moisluro out of the ground for the grow-
for what may be carried off in the flesh of the ani- j ing plants, when it is done in the morning, witii

mals fed. Sheep arc the stock we should prefer,
and sheep, clover, and wheat are associated in the
minds of most grain-growers at the present time.

the dew on, or after sun down, than all the water-
ing pots or garden engines, which you can pro-
duce. To sny nothing sgainst these implemeDts
for watering plants, yet I beliovo they rarely ever
would be wanted in the garden, if the lioa was
— ! kept ut work night and morning in dry weather.

HOEING, &c. I And now, brother farmers, I say to you, hoe

Mr Stobf.r — It being stormy today, I thought I i well, hoe in the right weather, and keep a hoeing.

From the Farmer's Gazette.

would write a few lines for your paper. I know
not how the above subject will accord with your
feelings, but il strikes me as being very appropri-
ate just at this lime. For we expect ourselves be-
fore long, that we, with the rest of the farmers,
will be into this business " hammer and tongs," as
the Baying is. I do not expect to say any thing
new on this subject, but only to tell the old story
over again.

In the first place, then, let every farmer see that
every man and boy on his farm has a good hoe, to
begin with. The importance of this, every farmer
will see It once, as it is impossible to do the work
well with a poor hoc. It is but a short time since

And now, Mr Editor, if you should like any of
these ideas of hoeing, I may at some future time,
give you some of my ideas about mowing, or somo-
thing else. Yours, truly,

Derbij, Conn. L. DURAND.

In great cities, men are more callous both to the
happiness and ihe misery of others, than in the
country ; for they are constantly in the habit of
seeing both extremes. — Lacon.

There are many things that are thorns to our
hopes until we have attained them, and envononied
arrows to our hearts, when wc have. — lb.

396

NEW E N G L A N I) FAR M E R

Jl'XE 13, 1S43.

Kroin Cobbi-lt'i Airnrioiin Gorilein^r.

CULTIVATION.

Tlie (jroiind being good, nnd tlie snwinfj, or
plRntin^, liavinp been properly performed, IIjc next
{liin? is ibe nflermuiin^ement, which is usuallj
called the cullii'ulion.

If the subject be fmin seed, the first thing \a to
ecu that the plants stand at a proper disl.ince from
each other ; becnnse if left ton close, they cannot
come to good. Lf-l iheni also be thinned early ;
for even while in seed loaf, they injure each other.
Carrot.s, pirsnips, lettuces, evqry thing, o;:glil to be
thinned in the seed-leaf.

Hoe or weed iiiiincdiately ; and let mo observe
here, once for all, that weeds never ought to be
^uf^cred to otet to any size either in field or ^'arJen,
and especially in the latter. In England, where it
rains, or drips, Boinetinnes, for a month toijelher, it
is impossible to prevent weeds from j,'rowin^'. lint
in this fine climate, under tlys blessed sun, who
never absents himself for more than about forty-
cip^hl hours at a time, and who will scorch a docU-
rocit, or a dandelion-root, to deulk in a day, and
long'.hpn a walcr-fuclon shoot twcnlyfour inches in
as lunny hours; in this climate, Ecandalons indeed
it is to sec t[ic r;ardeM or the field infestod with
weeds.

But besides the .ict of killing weeds, cullivaHon
means moving Ihe. enrlh between the plants while
arrowing. 'J'his assists them in their growth; it
leads thi'in, it raises food for their roots to lie upon.
A mere flat-hoeing does nothing but liecp down
the weeds. The hoeing when the plants urn be-
coniR Flout, should be dee[), and in general with a
hoe that has spanes instead of a mere flat plato ;
in short, a sort of prong, in the po.-iture of a hoe.
.And the spanes of this prong-hoe may be h)nger or
shorter, nccording to ihe nature of the crop to be
hoed. Deep Iweinfi; is enough in some cases ; but
in others, Jigi^inf; is necessary to prodiico a fine
and full crop, if any body will have a piece of
cabbages, and will dig between the rows of one
half of Iheiii, twice during their growth, and let
the other half of the piece have noihing but a flat-
hoeing, that person will find that the half which
has been digged between, will, when the crop is
ripe, weigh nearly, if not quite, twice as much as
the oilier half. But why need this he said in an
ludian corn cmuitry, where it is so well known
that, iviihoul being plowed between, the corn will
produii! ne.ict to nothing?

It may appear that to dig thus amongst growing
plants, is to cut off", or tear oil" their roots, of which
the ground is full. This is really the case, and
this does great good ; for iho roots thus cut asun-
der, shoot again from the plant side, find novf food,
and send instantly fresli vigor to the plant. 'I'he
eflect of this tillage is quite surprising. \Vc arc
hardly aware of its power in producing vegetation ;
and we nro still loss aware of the (lislunce to which
the roots of plants extend in every direction.

Tillage amongst (/rowing plants is a great tiling.
Not only 13 it of great benefit to the plants — not
only does it greatly augmeiit tlm amount of the
crop, and make it of the best quality, but it pre-
piir«N the ground for another crop. If a summer
fallow ho good lor the land, liere is a summer fal-
low ; if the plowing between Indian corn prepircs
the laud for wheat, the digging between cabbages
and other crops will, of course, prepare the land for
succeeding crops.

tfahrinfr Plnnls. — Watering plants, though so
strongly recommended in Knglish gardening books,
and so much in practice, is a thing of very doubt-
ful utility in any case, and in mest cases, of posi-
live injury. A country oftrn endures present
suflering from long drought ; but even if nil the
gardens and all the fields could, in such a case, be
watered wish a watering-pot, I much question
whether it would be beneficial even to the crops of
the dry season itself. It is not, observe, i-iin wa-
ter that you can, one time out of a thousand, water
with: and to nourish plants, ihe water must he
[ire|)ared in clouds and mists and dews. Observe
this. Besides, when rain comes, the earth is pre-
pared for it by that slate of the air which precedes
rain, and which makes all things dump, and slack-
ens and loosens the earth, and disposes the roots
and leaves for the reception of the rain. To pour
writer, therelore, upon plants, or upon the ground
where they are growing, or where seeds arc sown,
IB never of much use, and is generally mischievous ;
for the air is dry, the sun comes immediately and
hakes ihe ground, and vegetation is checked rather
than advanced by the operation. The best protec-
tor against frequent drought is frequent digging,
or in the fields, plowing, and always deep. Hence
will rise a fermentation and dews. The ground
will have moisture in il, in spile of all drought,
which the hard, unmoved ground will not. But
always dig or plow in dry weather, and the drier
the weather tho ilecper you ought to go, and ihe
finer you ought to break the earth. When plants
are covered by lights, or arc in a house, or are
covered with clolhs in the night time, they may
need watering, and in such cases must have it giv-
en them by hand.

Cultivation of Seedling Trees. — Slocks mu.xt be
of diflerent ages and sizes in different cases ; and
even the propagation of the slocks themselves is
not to be overlooked. Slocks are formed out of
suckers, or raised from the seed, and tho latter is
by far the best; for stickers produce suckeie, and
do not grow to a handdome stem or trunk, Vrnhs
are generally the stocks tor apple grafts, and plums
for pears, peaches, nectarines, and apricots. How-
ever, wc shall speak of lUe so7-ts of stocks suitable
to each sort of fruit tr-'O by and by ; at present we
have to speak of the raising of stocks. If the
slocks are to he of crabs or apples, the seeds of
these should be collected in the fall when the fruit
is ripe. They are generally got out by. mashing
the crabs or apples. When tho seeds are collect-
ed, put lliem immediately into fine earth ; or sow
tliom at once. It may not, however, be conve-
nient to Kow them at onec ; and, perhaps, the best
way is to sow very early in the spring. If the
flocks are to be of stone fruit, the stones, us of
cherries, plums, peaches and others, must be pot
when the fruit is ripe. Tho best way is to put
them into fine oartli, and keep them there till
spring. The earth may be placed in a cellar, or
put into a barrel ; or a little [lit may be made in
the ground, and it may be placed there. When
the winter breaks up, dig a piece of ground deep,
and make it rich; make it very fine; form it into
bi/ds, three feet wide, draw drills across it at eight
inches distance ; make them from two lo tlirou
inches deep ; put in the »oeds pretty thick, (for
they cost litile ;) cover lliein completely ; tread the
earth down upon them; and then smooth the sur-
face. When the plants conio up, thin them to
about three incliea apart, and keep tiic ground be-
tween them perfectly clean during the gummer.

tfOL

Hoe frequently, but not too deep near the planti fl
for ne are speaking of <r«ts here, and trees do ni :
renew their roots quickly as a cabbage or a lurni
does. These young trees should be kept, diirjii
the fir^t summer, as moist as possible, without wi»
tering ; and the way to keep them as moist is po^
sibic is lo keep the ground perfectly clean, and
hoe it frequently. I cannot help observing hi
upon an observation of Mr Marshall: " As toisa
ing," says he, " though seedling trees must not
smothered, yet some small tceeds may be suffered
grow ill summer, as they help to shade the plai
and to keep the ground cool." Mercy on this g(
tleman's readers ! Mr Marshall had not read Td
if he had, ho never would have written this vi
erroneous sentence. It is tho root of the w
that does the mischief. Let there be a rod
ground well set with even " small wieds,"
another rod kept u-eeded. Let them adjoin eaj
other. Go, after fifteen or twenly days of
weather ; examine the two ; and you will find
weedlcss ground moist and fresh, while the ol
is dry as dust to a foot deep. The root of
weed sucks up every particle of moisture. Wl
pretty things they are, then, to keep seedling tri
cool I — To proceed : thcao seedlings, if well mi
aged, will be eight inches high, and some highi
at the end of tho first summer. The ikxI spriiij^
they should be taken up ; or this may be doi
in the fall. They should be planted in rows f«
feet apart, to give room lo turn about amon|
iheni ; and at two feet apart in the rows, if inte;
ed to be grafted or budded without being ag
removed. If intended to be again removed,
fore grafting or budding, they may be put at a foot
apail.

Cultivating the ground about Fruit Trees. — The
roots of trees g'o (/cf/) ; but tlie principal part of
their nourishment comes from the top soil. The
ground should be loose to a good depth, which it
the certain cause of constant moisture ; but treei
draw downwards as well as upwards, and liran
more nnurishiuent in the fiirmcr than in the 1 v.li'
direction. Vineyards, as Toll observes, lml^l «i
ways be tilled in some way or other, or Ihry ml
produce nothing of value. He adds, that Mr r..e
lyn says, thai " when the soil, wherein fruit ireti
are planted, is constantly kept in tillage, lliej
grow up to an orchard in lialf the lime they wnulc
do if the soil were not tilled." Therefore, li nft
is useful; but it were better that there wcir ul
lage without under-crops, for these crops Ink*
away a gicat part of the strength thai the manurt
and tillage bring.

It was observed before, that the ground is al-
ways to be kept clear of iveeda. From the .-|>r;iif
lo the fall, frequently hoe the ground all over, iiu.
only to keep away weeds, but to keep the gr uui.
moist in hot and dry weothor, taking care niM r I.
hoe but when the ground is dry at lop. Tint* li»o-
ing should not go deeper than four or five iiu in:'
for there is u great diflVreuco between trees >><>
herbaceous plants as lo the renewal of their ri>oH
respectively. Cut off" llic lateral roots of a tab
bage or a turnip, of a wheat or rye or an ImJiai
corn plant, and new roots from the parts lliai re-
main, come out in twelve hours, and the operatiiio,
by multiplying the mouths of the feeders of lb*
plant, gives it additional force. But the roots of »
tree consist of wood, more or loss hard ; they do
not quickly renew themselves : they are of a ()•»-
nmnent nature ; and they must not be much muti-
lated during the timo lint the ssp is in the flow.

irot.. X V. .\o. so.

AND H 0 II T I C: V I. '1' IJ i{ A L R lO G 1 S T K |{ .

397

■{.<rt', liiu nli)»in>j bftirccii Irefn, or lli» i llmik lliriii uortli |)Ml.|isliirij:, l<'l mo knuw, n?iil
ln'UM'on trees, ought to take pl«co only in , pliMily inc)re of tlio bvcrota uliull lie rtirtlicoiniiig.
« l.icl. c-vc. txi.o for > renewal, or » n.w | ,^^,^^ ^j. /Vo/«/mc Grain from Iht Until and otlur

Insects.
Soak a woollen or linen clutli in water, and after
>rrm(;ln;» it out, tiprcail it over your (;raiii. In t«'o
liuur* tlic nccvila will be fountl otluclied to it.

:ir>l^, tlity c^liaiiU bo of ul:
or vf soiMoinTn^ tliat doei

f loula bpforo the nap be ap^nin in motion.
tins ro!>»<in. if crops be (jrown under trcca in |
eat, rye, winter bur- ]
nut demand a plow. |
of the i;r<iuiid in the lipnnjr. In tlio garden,!
till" j,'roiiiid well and clean, with a fork, late in Ws-fiinj/ xreevilr.

.•i,.l.er. Go close to the stem* of the treen, , Take n» much ley na is necessary for WRshinu
lo not bruiac the large roots. Clean and clear ] ^yp^ your granary, in ivliich boil n qiinntity of o.x-
ell c!o.«c round the stem. Make the prouiid i „ai|_ j^,, e.Tcess lieed not be feared,) and w'ash your
Ih juil there. Ascertain whether there be | granary with the mixture.

Another mode.
Spread brancheK of the elder over yourprain
heap, and the insect will retire lo the walla, from
whence it will be easy to sweep them up and burn
them. To make the odor more effective, the leaves
and branches may be bruised.

ts there of any sort ; and if there Iip, take

to iloslroy them. Pull or scrape olTall rough

at llio bottom of the atom. If you even peel
ic outside bark a foot or two up. In case there
isi'cts, it will be the better. Wash the stems

water, in which tobacco has been snaked ; and
lis, whether you find insects or not. Put the
■CO in:o hot water, and let it soak twentyfour
s, before you use the wotcr. This will destroy

ive away all insects.

It th'injh, for the purpose of removing all har-

or insects, you make the ground smooth just

1 t!ie stem of the tree, let the rest of the

lid l:iy as roush as you can : for the rougher , , ,

.1 11 ■. u u I I. .1 r . I around the (jrain.

s, the more will it bo broken by the frost, ! °

h is a Jieat cnricher of all land. When the I Another.

2 Comes, and the gimind is dry nt the top, i Let your barn be empiied and swept, after which
the whole of the ground a good deep hoeing, ' let a flock of sheep lie in it for ei.x weeks. The
I will mnke it level and smooth enough. Then i odor of these animals will kill the weevils. Should

.liwther.
After the grain has been removed from the gran-
ary, spread a large qiiantity of the branches of the
bo.T over the floor, and let them remain till the
I grain is put in, when they should be put along the
! walls, partitions, joists, iic, as well as on and

1 again hoeing throughout the Kummcr, and
ling well all attempts of insects on the stems
lark of the trees.

they make their appearance again, the following
method should be adopted:

Another.
Place in the middle of your barn, or granary, a
large Iron pan of burning charcoal, closing the
doors anil windows tightly. Cut three or four old
shoes into small bits and throw ihem upon the fire,
to which may he added the hoofs of horses, &c.

end you the following fact, in confirmation of | The fire should be kept up fqr three or four hours.

lew you hive taken of the application of marl ] The strong odor of this smoke will infallibly kill

; FRUIT CURCULIO— FRENCH RE-
:iPT.S TO GUARD AGAINST THE
.ACK WEEVIL.
' Eiiitorof the Farmer's Register:

(The forojj.iing recipes all apply, it ih proiuincd,
lo the bldik vrivil, a siiinll iimcct of the buctle
tribe, which has wings, but is not known to (ly,
which lives lliroiigh the winter, and infests mill*
and granaries which have grain always in them, so
as In furniiih » regular supply of food lo the inaectii.
The moth or Hying weevil, which is so much a
greater depreilntor on the crops of negligent far-
Hiers in lower Virginia, is not common in France,
even if certainly existing there. ClennlincxB in
harns and granaries — cleaning out all the old grain
and all the grain some part of every year, is th«
best preventive against the black weevil. And the
flying weevil, though even tt more formidable foe,
Udually may he perfectly guarded against by care
and attention, with a proper knowledge of (he
habit.i and especially the mode of propagation of
the insect. — Eu. Ri-.g.1

Is to ihe soil around fruit trees. Mr Down
if Nevvburg, takes a similar view of the niat-
nd recommends clay.

0 fact lo which I allude is this. A few years
while at the house of a very intelligent far-

jf Lincoln county in this State, I was forci-
ruck with the lively and clean appearance of
am trees, which were then loaded with fruit,
iquiring of his mode of treatment, he remarked
he only secret in the ca.se was, to set them
y the road side, (as his were) or along some
where the ground would be trodden down as
as possible.

would appear, therefore, that the rationale of
'ing is not to be sought in the shell-marl or
! clay, but in having such a hard pan of earth
d and under the trees, that the Insects which

them cannot get a lodging place in the soil,
is ''rbjoct reminds inc of numerous receipts
et various insects which are so Ironblcsome
jricultural and domestic economy, that are

in a French work, entitled "Secrets concer-
les .Arts ct Metiers," published in \7W, in

(diimes. In reading it over lately, it occurred
•, that possibly some of the secrets for destroy,
isects might be valuable ; and if so, that I

1 bo doing good service to furnish them for
paper. I have no means of knowing whether

( are useful, and will therefore send you a spe-
1, and let you judge for yourself. If you

the weevil, &c. This process should be repented
every year before housing your grain. It also
drives away rats and mice.

[I think this process would be pretty sure to kill
mtn .']

Another.

Sprinkle the floors and walls of your granary
with a decoction of garlic, well steeped in a suffi-
cient quantity of salt water. The odor of this is
no sooner diffused than the weevil dies or goes
away.

Wormwood, rue, savory, lavender, green corian-
der, and all plants of n strong odor, have the same
effect.

Another.

Melt Burgundy pitch, and by means of a bit of
tow, make a slight coaling of it upon the shovels
used for stirring the grain heaps, and then rub
them over with the oil of petroleum. After turn-
ing the grain with them two or throe limes, the
weevils will disnppear. It will be necessary to
renew the oil and pitch whenever they become de-
tached from the shovels.

The above are some of the first "Secrets contrc
les insects and les anirnaiix nuisibles," and are a
fair specimen of the whole. Some of the proces-
ses I should judge to be inert. Vou can perhaps
determine whether nni/ of them are valuable.
Very respectfully and truly yours,

HUlsboroufrh, M C. M. A. CURTIS.

LARGE YIELD OF CORN.
In a late number of the Louisville Journal, we
find an account of a corn crop raised by Mr Young,
of Jessamine county — a crop exceeding, we be-
lieve, any on record in the country. The editor
says : " Mr Young exhibited to us a certificate of
several respectable gentlemen, certifying that in a
lot of five acres, he had produced one hundred and
ninetijfive Inishels of corn lo the acre. TI.e corn
was measured, and there is no doubt of the cor-
rectness of the estimate. This was on a piece of
bottom land, and the committee were of opinion
that Mr Young's crop on the upland was better
than that which was measured." Mr Young pens
his stock on the land intended for corn, and ma-
nures it in no other way. This land is broken up
in the fall, in the spring struck out in squares
three feet each way, from eight to twelve corns
dropped in each, which at the hoeing is reduced to
four stalks to each hill. As soon as the corn is
up, a largo harrow is run over the whole ground,
regardless of harrowing the corn up, which seldom
happens. Nothing but the plow is used in the
cultivation ; after the barrow, no hoe or cultivator
is brought to the field. — Albany Cult.

CANADA THISTLE.
Mr Mills, of Elbridge, Onondaga county, sendi
us the following directions for the destruction of
that pest of the fanner, the thistle. Although too
late for adoption this year, we hope it will not be
forgotten another, but receive a full and fair Irial.

" Take any piece of stubble land, pea or oats
stubble is preferable, as it has less sward. I then,
if needful, manure it well, and plow it carefully on
the 20tli of April. About Ihe l.'iih of May, I iirig
it thoroughly. On the 2.5lh of May, I cross plow,
and in the middle of June I again drag it, being
careful to harrow cro.sswisc of the furrow. On the
26tli or thereabouts, I plow and sow one bushel of
buckwheat to the acre. At this season, buckwheat
will vegetate very rapidly, and in two weeks will
completely cover the ground. The thistle, by for-
mer plowings being checked, the buckwheat will
in ordinary seasons thoroughly subdue thorn. I
have tried various methods of destroying the thif-
tle, and I find this the best." — Ibid.

A mixture of four ounces of nitrate of ammonia,
fourounces of subcarbonate ofsoda, and four ounces
of water, in a tin pail, have been known lo produce
ten ounces of ice in three hours.

:J98

NEW ENGLAND FA K M E R ,

AND HORTICULTURAL RKGI3TF.R.

DoiTO!<, Wed.iesdat, J0.1E 15, 184C.

■rilE SEASON— rROSPKCT FOR CROPS, Ac.

The lnii|i»rature of \r'4'i thus far, hns vuriRil much
from whMt i^ usual in tliU vicinity. Thn winter wiib
iinuBUiilly iiiil'l nnd opun — freizings and ihawings fol-
Iriwcd eiich other nlmosl an rlo»p|y 08 dny and night.
Consrqncnlly »inti;r grains and young grasn, on soils
that heave nnd cracli, snlTprpd somewhat; roots were
drawn out and plints pfrislied. Harm from this cause,
however, vvas not very ritensive.

The larlv pari of spring was unusually mild, and the
weather inTited the farmer to the plow two or three
weeks earlier than in most years. The trees began to
put forth tlmir leaves, :ind the grass hegan to grow
much earlier than is usual. Hut the month of .May was
cool and dry. Vegetation then moved (nrward slowly.
The srans, partieularly, in the old, or bound-out fields,
is now thin and gives no promise of an nveragu crop ;
(in richer lands it 1omI<8 better. Feed in the pastures is
short.

For a week preceding last Thursr.'ay. the weatlier was
prevailingly eld, and the earth was very dry. Jn some
low spots thero was frosi on the morning of the Gth. A
few vines, beans, &c. were cut down On Thursday
and Friday last we were favored with warm and copi-
ous rains. The earth was greatly refreshed. The
grass will probably improve much under '.he influence
of the abundant moialure. The rains continued on Sat-
urday, accompanied by a temperature that chilled to the
heart of the very marrow bnnea.

Under the extremes of dryness and wet, and of warmth
.Tnd cold, vsgetalion d"es not come forward as well as
in most years. There however is no reason for anxiety
lest the productions of the earth should this year be
scanty. Our most productive seasons, in the last ten,
have not been those in which our plant.* and fruits have
come forward rapidly in the month of June, but the re-
verse. The summers of '30 and '37 were cold through-
out, and the corn crop then failed — but '34 and '30-
which were cold in June, but warm in July and Au-
gust, gav« r«ri/ /or^'t crops — much larger than '3d, in
which June was very warm, and lh« following montlis
warm enough. Gra^s, the Kngliili grains and potatoes
usually do quite as well in the cool summers as io the
hot ones. The hardy Iruils too, do as well in such sea-
sons. We thereliire find no reason for any anxious fears
for the productions of ihe present year.

We will not, however, reprusent all appearnncoa as
hichly promising Vines of various kinds, and Indian
corn, are making but little progress. Barley, in some
fields, looks well, and in others is quite yellow and
sickly. The saiiio may be said of oats. Our own win-
ter rye has perished under the action of some disease —
v.e Kno.v not what. Kach stalk on the more forward
parts of the field, is perfectly straw c«/or (or the space
of half an inch or more entirely around the stalk. This
spot in soma instances is near Ihe head, in others six,
tw«lve, or ciKhtoen inches below the head. At this
spot ihw stalk IS ilry nnd lifeless. The head of course
will wither and perish. \Vu arc cutting up and feeding
it out In our stock. Whelhor the same disease is found
in other fields, wo have not yet learned; excepting that
in our neighbor's rj6 we found a few stalks similarly
affected.

Fruits— apples, pears, cherries and plums, have not
formed so abundantly as in somo irasons, but w« have

not seen reason to apprehend that they are essentially
< cut short
I 'J'lie leaves of the p»ach tree are more curled than the

roughest cahbagu leaf. Though no insect is visible to
I the naked eye, yet we lunrn that Mr J. M. Ives, of Sa-
i lent, has, with his microscope, satisfied himself that in-
I
: seels are there in ahundanoi, and that they probably

j cause Ihe evil. Many persons speak of the cold weather
as Ihe cause, hut the effect is so unlike the common ac-
tion of cold, that wa think there can be little reason in
the conjecture. The fruit upon most of the peach trees

\ is yet fair, but it cannot do well unless the branches
shall poon be covered with new and fairer leaves.

All accounts from the South and West represent the
wheat crop as very promising.

JUNE 15, IN4aJ

wards, that the western editor borrowed (rom our (riel
Kenrick's American Otchardist. In a few instai
where the proper ownership was unknown to us,
have said " Stlected." With these exceptions w«
not conscious that we have ever failed to givtci
where credit was due. We can vem potienily bei
see our own articles credited to another, and have boi
it palienlly, but we cannot bear to withhold knowini
frOm any brother editor the credit that is his duo. I'heii
fore, brother C , pleaso be explicit in your cli:iree agiiini
us: — show us where the *' spots" are, and we will mo*
checrlully dii what we can to remoTe them. |

DISEASE OF THE HUTTONVVOOU OR SYCA-
MORE.

New Bedfoko, C mo. ti.
To the Editor of the New Enalaud Farmer:

Dear Sir — There is a long row of trees rominonly
known by the name of Buttonwood or Syraniore, cx-
tenfiing through our farm, numbering about sixty. They
have been growing for about forty years, and are of
laroro size and great beauty. At present they show little
or no signs of vitality, and I am fearful of losing what I
have ever considered the greatest ornament of this roatl,
and vicinitv. One of my neighbors informs me that a
general blight has affected them throughout the country.
I should he much obliged to you, if you can give rne
any information concernini; the truth of this remark —
and what course you would recommend sh<uild be pur-
sued relative to them. Trees of n younger growth in
this neighborhood arc thrifty, and appear to be doing
wall, and we can assign no good or probable cnupe fiir
the present appearance of our favorites. Will you please
give this your early attention, and oblige

A SUBSCRIBER.

(IT"We would have noticed this inquiry of " A Sub-
scriber" last week, had it been possible for us to give
him any information.

From various sources wy learn th'it the blight or dis-
ease has taken hold of tlio Sycamore all along the At-
lantic coast, as far south as Baltimore, and one gentle-
man who has recently coTue from New Orleaus, via
western rivers, says it is on the tree west of the moun-
tains. What it is, and what can be done, we know not.
The branches are leafless, hut the bark has every mark
of life. The loose shajB peal off as from the live tree,
and the bark beneath seems not to bo dried up. We
hope, therefore, that this beautiful tree that now holds
up its leafless limbs most sadly amid the verdure sf other
trees, will yet put on its green robes, and that it will be
spared to ornament our yards and roads ; but we can
suggest no means by which to help nature accomplish so
desirable an end.

STRIPED BUG.
A writer in the New Genesee Farmer says upon I
subject of vines: " As soon as the leaves begin to ill
and the striped bug begins to eat the leaves, go I
pick a handful of tansy, and lay two or three ap^
4iround in each hill : they will soon mov* off for 1
other plaae. and will not trouble yon any more."

"PLAGIARISM OR POACHING."

Ilane we liecn if nlinsr? — Under the above caption, the
editor of th« New Genesee Farmer names several agri-
cultural papers that have copied his articles without
erod I, and then :idds : " Even the o'd honest Now Eng-
land Farmer has got some few spots upon its hands. " —
Is it so ? Please show us vltere they are, friend Colman,
nnd we will ilo our best to wash lliun) off. Wn have
seen iiinny of our editorials with other men's marks op.
on them, within the last year, and have tried to comfort
ourselves under the filching, by striving Io giva credit
faithfully fiir all that w« have horrowad. In one in-
stance wc copied an article (rom a western paper upon
Ihe diffi^rent modes of grafting, und gave credit to him
from whom wo burrowed, — but we laarned soon ^flar-

MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

IXIUBITIOK or FRUITS.

Satuntay, June II, I8i

Bine k Hamburg, White Sweetwater and Miller's i
gundy Grapes — all very fine — from Dr. Howard.

Early Virginia Strawberries — good specimens byl
J. L. L. F. Warren.

Co'didge's Favorite Punches — very well grown— t
Capt. (ieorge Lee, Wesi Cambridge.
For ihe Committee,

JOHN A. KENRICK. '

CXIIIISITIOI' OF FLOWKKS. |

From tlifi Pr.sident of ihe Society — a cidlection al
fine ("r.niiiins. embraeing some !-U|*rb iiiiv kiDib
ANo, Veil.. IV Harrison Ro«e, &C.

Il\' J -hn .A. Kenricl> — .Azalias, several var. ; liv 1 nr
and liene Yellow Roses; Honeysuckles, (iva \.>t Tn
oiiics, five var. ; Hcolch Laburnum ; Glycine sin. 1 -n
Aiistolochiasipho; White Fringe Tree ; Flesh .ol r,d
Horso chesnut ; Austrian Red and Yelh w Rose ; lie
merocallis flava ; New Scarlet Hawthorn, &c.

From llovey & Co. — Amadis, or New Crimson Hour
salt Rose; Common Red Xioursalt do.; Sanginnet,
White Tea and Golcimda Tea Uoses ; Cereus Jenken-.
sonii, &c. Ackcrmaiiii.

Geraniums, from W. Mcller, as follows: Clim,ii.
Lowndes' Perfection, Prima Doiina, Beauty of \\ 4ro
Alexandrinia, Lady Murray, Foster's Alicia, Al.iniie,
Vivid, Svlph, Conservative, Oiiidamatum tricolor.

Geraniums, from J. L. L. F. Warren, viz : Dennis's
light and dark Perfection; Joan of Are, Tarn O'.-^huiter,
Alexandrinia, Capt. Cook, Sir John Broughton, Clrini,
Gatli's Purfertion, Prima Donna, Juwcss, Purple P. nee-
lion, Ellen Tree, Oionicnsis.

Ro.se.s — Whilo and Yellow Tea, Ayrshire. Res;. Ion-
dent, <.Vc. Chinese Canadensis ; Passitloras ; Verbeii.is:
Onothera ; Gillys, &c. &c.

Seedling, from Messrs. Wales, Dorchester— fr.m n
very weak plant.

A variety of cut Flowers, Roses, &c., from I be l!o.
tanio Garden, Cambridge, by W. E. Carter.

From Messrs. Winship — Purple Beech, Plalanus ori-
entalis variegiita, Red Valerian, Sophora Austtalii,
Weeping Ash, Fringe tree, Lonicera caiicasccum, Ac.

Bou(|UCts from Messrs. Winship, W. Kenriek. D.
Howard, Misses Sumner, J. Hnvey, S. Walker, A,
Bowditch.

Health. — Those who are candidates for hoallh,
I be aa circumspect in the task they set their mind, I
the exercise they give their body. The grand to
seems to be to onlrive that the exercise of Ihe body I
thai of the minil, may servo as relaxations to each oth«
Over exertion und anxiety of lbs mind disturb digeilifl
infinitely more than any fatigue of the body. The bit
demands n much more abundant supply of the miB
spirits than is required for the excitement of meie l<|
and arms. — Selected.

,. x\ .\o. so.

AND H 0 R T I C U L T U R A (. R E G I S T E R

399

ISAriirsr.Tr.S UORTICUI.TUIIAI. socictv.

nn j>l|<Miriiril iiiri-ling of (he Sovirlv hrM June <lli,

Ttint ilip (''Imirmaa nt* ttio tlitlifiriil (*oininiiU*t>H
iii>l. J lo ti|H'fl iho Ki-i-kly ciluliiliins i>f KUiAris nn.l
i A 11.1 ilml III ihc !ili«cnio of ihr Cliuiniiaii of cilhor
Hoc. any nicinlicr Im rcqiicsloil lo iKTfurm Ihrilul]' of
iiii; v:ii,l rt'|Hirl!i, for Iho New K.ielBiiil rnriinT.
o, that t'licli jH-noii »aJinE lor ciliil'iiiun Kluwcn, or
l>r respcclfullr r«qur>IM tu mill n full li<l of tlu'
KBEN. WlOUr
Uec. Scc'i/.

tiiiiniTioN or r. CON leu.
nnsrqiioncf of Ihf cold liackwnni wi'nilipr. the Exhilii'
f r.voiiies 19 DccvMarily dcforrcti uiilil SNiliirday llu'
JuiiK IS.

THfUMOMKrillCAL.

KpiMirlf iMcr llip Npiv t^ii^land Karmrr.
jcot ilip riiciiiioiuftjeral llic (lardeiiof llic propriclorn
Sew i',nf^\nni\ fiirmer. Ilrigluon, MaM. in a nhailcd
"xposurc. fur ihcwcrk ending Juno 12.

c, 1S42. I 6,A.M. I 12, M. | 7,I>..M. | Winat.

B.

N. W.
S. E.
E.
W.
N.

ihy,
lay,

12

64

71

62

33

60

60

43

73

S4

56

62

63

! 62

71

64

1 oU

4S

44

1 41

C4

61 1

N.

11 lO.N MARKKT.— Mo.NFiAT, June 13, 1842.

Kr:>orlriirirllif .New Kiiflmil F«rin'r.
Mtrkel 235 Krrl Cattle, IS pairs Working oxen,
I and Calves, 50U Sheep and Lambs, and ]7U

ss— Reef Cattle. We quote to correspond with
ck. About the 8anic prices were obtained for a
alily. A few extra $ti 00 a (> 7S. First quality,
I 5 75. Second qunlily, $5 50. 'I'liiid quality
1 't 2'i.

'iini' Ozcn —Sales 75, 85, and $95
J and Cttltea. Sales 2-,'. 23, 25, 29, 30, and $35.
,■' iiiiii Liimlis. Sales of Sheep and Lambs from
S;j 00.

It. —No lots lo peddle were sold. A lot lo be
iirjd at 3 1-4. A lot of small pijs were sold —
oot made public. At relnil, from 4 to 5 1-2.

IIIOLESALE PRICES CURRENT.

Corrtded uith great care, weekly.

OS. Herds Grass, 02 75 lo 3 00 per bushel Red Top,
u rouis. <'lovcr — Norihern, II to r2c. — Soalhcru, 9
l-'Iix .Seed, *2 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 25 c.per lb.
Seed. $3 00 a 6 00 per bushnl.
IN. Owini; lo the unfavorable slate of ihe weather
lose of the week lor expected arrivals, and there being
laat unsold, prices for Corn experienced a slight im-
and we advance ihe quotalious about 8c. per bu.
the week alioul 30,000 bushels.
—Northern, old, bushel 63 to 64— Southern, round
nl I, 60 a 62 — Southern flat yellow, new, — n 60—

white do. —a 5S— Barley — a Rye, Northern,

—do. .Southern, — a 65 —Oats, Southern, 4fi a -12 —
n do. 43 10 44 — Beans, per bushel 75 a I 50.— Shorts,
hie bush. — a — .

JR. The large receipts being now disposed of, the
has assumed a more steady appearance. The trans-
<( the week have beeu confined to the usual demand
omc trade.

more, Howard Street, 4 inos. cr. 86 25 a ilo.

SG 00 a — do. free of garlic, S6 25 a Phila-

lo. 4 ntos. *6 12 a Vredericksburg, lowl'd 4

12 a 0 00 — Alexandria, wharf mountain, — — a
rijclown, 86 25 a 6 75— Richmond Canal, 86 25 a 0 dO
ity, 87 00 a 7 25— Petersbargh, South side 87 00 a —
ountrye6 00a6 12 — Genesee, common, cash, 86 31 a
lo fancy brands 86 44 a 6 60 — Ohio via Canal,
C 12— do do New Orleans, cash 85 "5 a 6 i u. Rye,
4 OO— India'i Meal in bbls. 83 00 a 3 12.
VISIONS. The private operations have been mere-
p;.ly a limited demand (or the trade and vessels' use,
iiig somewhat lower.

S^ess, 4 luo. new hbl. 89 00 a9 2S^Navy— 8" 75 a
.1 1 , 87 00 a 7 60— do Prime 84 50 a 5 00 — Pork-
car, 4 mo. bbl. 811 a 1 1 SO —do Clear 8|0 a |0 oo
>ss 7 00 a 8 00 — do Prime 85 00 a 6 OO— do Mess
>er Stales — a —.—do Prime do dots 00 n s SO

J — do Cargo do do — a Clear do dn 810 im a 1 1 00—

, llullcr, shipping Sail- do store, uniii<i|H'ctr<l, lu a 14— do

ilairy, 16 a ir. — Lard, No I, Itrsion iiis A 12 a 6- <^

.South and Woster'i, 5 1-2 a o 3-4- llanii, R»»lnii, 7 a 7 1-2
I — ilo Siuthrrn and VVi-»irrn, 3 I 6— Cheese, Ship'g and 4

meal, i. a 8— do new milk, '.) a in

WOOL. Duly. Th^ value wherrof at lh« place of ex-
' |. irlalioa shall not exceed « cts. per pound, free. All wlirri-.

1 1 Ihe value eici-eds ti cts. per |i<>und, 32 per ct. ad. vul. and

4 rl« |K>i |Kiund.

' The market remains in an unsctllud state. Prices arc
nominal and sales limited. The stork of coarse wool Uat
been increased by recent urrivalu from Huenos Ayri-s and
Valparaiso.

Prime or Saxony Pleeces, washed, Ih. 41 a 41 e.--Aincr
lean full blood do 40 a 42— Do 34 do 37 a4o— Do. l-2do
33 a 35 -1-4 ami common do 30 a 31 — Smyrna Sheep,
washed, *0 a 25—1)0. unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do
a a 10— Saxony, (lean, — Buenos Avres unpicked, 7 a 10—
do. ilo. pickeil, 12 a 16— Siiperline N'orlhcrn pulled lamb 35
a 33— No. 1 do. do. do. 32 u 34— No. 2 do do do 21 a 24-
No. 3 do dodo 12 a IS.

HOPS. Duly 20 percent.

Isl sort, Mass. 1841 per Ih 10 a 1 1.— 2d do do do 8.

HAV, per ton, 810 to 22- Eastern Screwed 814 19 16

CHRF.SE— Shipping and 4 meal, 6 lo 8c.— New 9 to 10.

EGGS. 12 a 16.

\\ II. I. INN I.ATKST I.MIM<OVKI> HKKIl HOVVKM.

SOUTH UOWN STOCK.

For sale by the subscriber at the foot of Atwell's Avenue
in Ihe city of Piovidcnce, one imported Southdown Buck,
Six Kwes and four Lambs. The above are of the purest
blood, and second to none in the country.

8w JOHN GILES.

June 8.

REVOLVIKG IIURSE RAKE.

This is one of the most useful and labor saving machines
now in usev One man and a horse with a boy to lead, will
rake on an average from 25 lo 30 acres per day, with ease
and do the work well There is a great advantage in this
rake over all others, as the person using it does not have lo
slop the horse 10 unload the rake. For sale by J. BKECK
&CO., No. 62 Norlh Market si. May 22.

AURICU1.TURAI. IMPl.EME.\TS, 4.C

The Proprietors of the New England Agricultural Ware-
house and Seed Store No. 51 and 52 North Market street,
would inform their customers and the public t;enerally that
ihey have on hand the most e.xlensivc assortment of Agri-
culluial and Horticultural Tools to be found in the United
Slates. Part of which are the following :

1000 Howard's Patent Cast

100 doz. Cast Steel Shovel*.

Iron Ploughs

150 " Common do.

300 Coiniiion do. do.

100 " Suades.

500 " Grass Scythes.

200 Culuvators.

100 Greene's Straw Cutters.

30(1 " Patent Snaiths.

60 Willis' do. do.

200 " Common do.

too Common ,do. do.

500 " liav Rakes.

100 Willis' Patent Corn

200 " Garden do.

Shellers.

200 " Alanurc Forks.

50 Common do do.

300 " Hay do.

2iK) Willis' Seed Sowers.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

60 " Vegetable Cullers

100 " Truck do.

60 Common do. do.

100 Draft do

200 Hand Corn Mills.

500 Tie up do.

200 Grain Cradles.

SO doz. Halter do.

100 Ox Yokes.

1000 yards Pence do.

ISOO Doz. Scythe Stones.

25 Grind Stones on rollert.

30U0 '' Auslm's Rifles.

March 17.

POUDRETTB.

. For sale 200 Barrels Poudrettc, at 82 per barrel, by J.
BRECK & CO, SI and 52 Norlli Market St., Doston.
May 16.

bis send is put into the (rronnd, and nt Ihn samn lime
in till- best pos.ible manner. There liiis been a preat
diiricnlly in iiiacliincs l..r inwinir garden s-eds ; tliey
arc very apt lo do;; up, ami the firnii-r might go over ah
nrro ol bind and not sow a single seed ; but not so with
this ; it is »o coiiHirucicd thai it cannot possibly clof .
Ill using Ibis snwcr, tlio fanner ran save one half •f
his seed, and do iIk; work at less limn ono quarter the
expcnao of the co:iiiiiiin way of sowing, and have il
done in a much bHller manner; ii opens tlic furiow,
drops the seed, covers it over and rolls them down.
It will sow any kind of Garden Seeds ; say Ruta Bagn,
Mangel VVuriZ"'!, Turnips. Carrots. Beets, Parsnips, On-
ions, 4-c. For sale nl the New England Agricultural
VVareliousn and Seed Store, Nos. 51 and 52 North Mar-
ket street, by JOSEPH BKECK & CO.
April 20

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been made the past year in ihe
form and workmanship of these Ploughs; the mould biard
has been so formed as to lav fic furrmp rompMcly onrr,
/iimino- in erery particle of g^rass or slul'hle, and leaving Ihc
ground in the bcsl possible manner. The length of the
mould board has b( n very much increase.!, so that the
Plough works with the greatest ease, both with respect to
the holding and the team. The Committee at the late trial
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as lo which of ihe Ploughs
we should prefer lor use on a farm, we might perhaps say ■•
the inquirer, if your land is mostly light ami easy to work,
try Prouty & Mcars, but if your land is hcatrj, hard orrochy,
BEGIN WITH Mb. HoWAno's."

At the above me-.t:oned trial the Howard Plough did
more work , with Ihe same power of team, than any olhtr
plough exhibited, tia oilier turned more than twentvscen
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while the
Howard Plough turned twcntynine and one ha(f inijies, to
Ihc same power of learn ! All acknowledge thai Howard's
Ploughs are much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side of this Plough, which can be renewed withoiu
having lo furnish a new landside: ibis shoe likewise sccuies
the mould board and landside together, and strengthens the
Plough very much.

The price of the Ploughs is from S6 to $15. A Ploiii;h,
sufiicienl for breaking up with four cattle, will cost about
*io 60, and with cutler 81, with wheel and cutter, 82 68
extra.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
the New England Agricultural Warehouse and Seed Smu,
Nos. 61 & 52 North Market Street, bv

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

DAHLIAS'

For sale at* the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 Nortk
Market street, a large assortment of Doable Dahlias of the
finest varieties. J( SEPH BRECK & CO.

Boston, May 3, 1345.

UAIILIA POLES.

JOSEPH BRECK & CO., oder for sale 1000 superior
Dahlia Poles, with the bark pealed ofl, in bundles of leo, or
by the dozen. Boston, May 3, 1343.

400

NEW E N {} LAND FA 11 .VI E U ,

JIJKE. 13 It43.

MISCELLANEOUS.

MOUSTACHES.
" W'liat'g them are lliin<;a growing out on your
upper lip, Mister?" asked a countrjj Vankte of a
coxcomb whom he met tlie other day.

"S:ir!" exclaimed the dandy, firecely rnising
his rnttan, ond bristling iip tu the interrogator,
"what business is tlmt to yon, sar ?"

"Oh, no business of any consequence to i=pcak
on," replied the Vankee — " I jest asked for infor-
mation, not being much acquainted with them are
tliinge."

"Well, sar !" returned the gallant, angrily,
" what if you aint acquiinted with 'em ? Must a
fellow of your clotli have the impudence to ques-
tion a gentlemen of mine ?"

"Is thai raally your cloth. Mister, or is it the
tailor's ?" asked the coiintryinon.

"The tailor's!" exclaimed the coxcomb, fiercely
— " "hat do you mean by that.' Do you mean to

iniinuato that I — 'S death ! sar, I 'II not

" Well, I thought as nrncli,'! returned tlie Yan-
kee, carele.fsly sticking his hands in his breeches
pockets, and slanding stiff before the dandy — " [
lliought you nee'r intend to pay for them."

" What's that to you whether I pay for them or
not .-' Jlav n't I a right to do as I ploase with my
own tailor — to pay him or let him alone?"

" Why, Mister, that depends very much on
what sort of a bargain you make. If your tailor
agrees to let you cheat him, why, that's his look out,
not mine. IJut you havn't told me what you chII
them are things on your upper li))."
" Sar, you 're an impudent puppy, sar."
" So I heard you say. Now father he 's got a
tarryer dog — but he do n't tarry much, I can tell
you — he'll kill three rata in two seconds — but, as
I was saying, father, he '.-( got a tarryer dog, that 'a
consider'ble rough and hairy about the mouth — but
liord I he aint a circumstance to you. He'd cling
his tail between his legs if he was to see you, and
cry ti-i ! li-i ! and run to the ccnd of the world
without ever stopping. My gracious ! how con-
founded unhunian you look with them are things.''
"Look! why, sar, they are all the go now.
There's no fmi.shed gentleman now but what wears
moustaches."

" Mustyches, do you call 'em ? Well, by ho-
kcy ! they are musty and ruity too. They look
very much like the latter cend of our dog's tail
where lie brushes it on the floor. I'augh ! I
would n't touch 'cm no more than — "

"T»uch 'em ! sar, if you ofi'er to put a finger on
Ihem, i 'II cane you within an inch of your life —
I will, sar."

" What, with that are switch, Mister ? I should n't
mind it no more than 1 should an oat straw.
Touch your mistychcs I Wl\y I 'd as lievs touch
two old chaws of tobacco, that have just been spit
out. Touch 'cm I Why, Mister, I would n't touch
'em with the longs. I can't conceive, for my life,
what should induce any human critler to wear iich
tarnal nasty looking things as them."

" Nasty lookin; ! do you call 'em? Sar, you
have no taste. Nasty looking, indeed I Why sar,
they are the admiration of nil the ladies."

"Ladies? hn, ha, Im ! [>adies ! They must
have a queer notion, any how. Hut there are soi.ie
women who ore unaccountably fond of puppies, and
sich like nniinalu ; and I 've seen 'cm fondle ami
kiss 'em as if they were human critters. But Lord I

I do n't ite how .luy woman can let her lips come
witliin gunshot of yourn. Admiration of the la-
dfes 1"

" Do you question what I nay, i«ar r"

"Why, Mister, I do n't know what kind of ladies
you havi- in the city here. Dut one thing I can
tell you — our country gals would n't no more let
you touch 'em ih.in they would a toad : they are
very pertic'lar about what conies in contact with
their lips. Dut, Mister, how in the name of hair
and bniBtles do you go to work to get the victuals
into your inouth, with thein are things hanging
over it, like a hedge fence over the side of a ditch ?
Do you eat meat and sich like, or do you live on
spoon victuals ?"

"It's none of your business, sar, what I live on.
I board at seven dollars a week ; and I cut what I
ploasp, 8:ir, and I drink what I please."

" Seven dollars a week I my gracious ! wo get
board and washing, End all, in the country for a
dollar and a half. But I '.spose they charge five
and a half extra for them n'lustyches. i'augh ! I
would n't have them at the table for ten dollars."

" What a fool J am to stand hrre talking with a
fellow of your cloth." Thus saying, the man with
the mousfjches flourished his dandy switch, wheeled
about and walked on. lie had gone but a few
steps "hen the Y.inkec bawled out after him —

" IIullo Mister ! Do n't you want a currycomb ?
I 've got some raal fine ones with teeth on both
aides. They're bang-up, I can tell you."

The thing of moustaches quickened liis pace,
to find Some more kindred spirit than Jonathan for
company. — SiUded.

.Mothers anil Dnvghterg. — It was a judicious reso-
lution of a father, as well m a most pleasing com-
pliment to his wife, when, on being a.^ked by a
friend what he intended to do with his girls, he re-
plied, " I intend to apprentice them all to their
excellent mother, that they may learn the art of im-
proving lime, and to be fitted to become, like her,
wives, mothers, heads of families, and useful mem-
bers of society." Equally just, but bitterly painful,
was the remark of the unhappy husband of a vain,
thoughtless, dressy slattern : " It is hard to say it,
but if my girls are to have a chance of growing
up good for any thing, they must be sent out of the
way of their mother's example." — Sdtcted.

Raising the Sea. — A ship having sprung aleak,
an Irish sailor was employed at a pump, but first
looked over the rail to sec how high the water was
f)n the side of thc'vcssel. After pumping an hour,
he again took a peep over the side, and (inding the
vessel was four inches deeper than when he began,
ho exclaimed, " Arrah now capt'n, dear, an' the
water must be near out sure, for I have raised it
outeida four inches already." — Selected.

Jlppreuliccs. — "Oh, you're a 'prentice !" said a
little boy tauntingly to his companion the other
day. The other looked proudly round, and while
the fire of injured pride aud the look of pity were
strangely blended in his countenance, coolly an-
Kwercd, " So was Franklin!" — Selected.

A Inconmlive moving without intermission M the
ralo of ".iO miles per hour, would be ."i-12 years in
traversing the distance between our earth and the
sun.

GR,:EX'.S PATKST STRAW CtTTER.

JOSKPH CRKCK do Ct). ai IheNcw Enslaiul At^nci
tuial Warehouse ami Seed Store Niis. .11 anil Si iNonhMl'
kel Street, have lor sole, Green's Patent Strjw, Hay i
Stalk Culler, operating on a mechanical principle nol lioj
applieil louHV iinplemeiil lorihis purpose. Tlie niO!>l pn
inenl oiTicls urUiis uppliealirjii, and some of the COD&
pctuliarilics of Ihe inacliiiie are :

1 . So great a reiloclioii of ihe quantum ol power rei
to me it. that ihe sirtiiglh of a half grown boy is sud
to work it elficiently.

2. With even this mntleralc power, iteasilyculstvoll
els a niiiiuie, which is full twice as lasi us tuis lieen cl^
liy any oiher machine even wheu worked by liorce or si
power.

3. The knives, owing to the peculiar manner in which
CHI, require sharpening less often than lh»!>t ol any i
slrHw cutler.

4. Tlie machine i« simple in its construction, made an
loi^eilior very stronjily. It is Ihcrefore nol so liahie a
coiTiplicalcd iiiachiiics in general use to gel out ofoidd

LACTO.METERS~a simple imtirunipnt for i.sijw
the quality of milk. For sale by J.BUECKAliI,

DRAFT AND TRACE CIIAIKS.

•(no pair Trace Chains, suitahle for riou;hiii8.
200 " Truck and leailiii; Chains.
200 " Draft Chains. Kor sale hv J. BRECK & 'XI,
No. 62 Norlh Market st.

TTE rp CHAIKS.

Just received by DOO Chains for tyeiiig up i 'aiilr
These clKiins. inlroducL-,! jiy E. l\. Df.kbv, t".s<j. .1 ^ ■ 'n
and Col. Jacqces, lor ihc purpose fif seeuriuR tnlil. 'k
slall.are louiid Ir he the safest and most convenieia iiiui
of fastening cows and oxen lo ihc stanchion.

DAHLIA AND BKAK POLES.

BOO dozen Dahlia and neon Poles; also, 500 Spriirc I'lLj
12 lo 3u Iccl III l.-iistli for sale by iMOSliS l•■Kk:^Cll H.
Maine wharf, near the hoiioni of Summer st.

June I, 1^12. 3w i

SUN DIALS.

Just received a few of Sheldon & Mo-re's, Sun I' i''
very nenl and useful arlicle for llie purpose olgiviiis; ll,r i;i
of day in ihe inrden or field. Price rj ceiils. Kors..ici
J. IJKECK ^ CO., No SI and 62 Norih Market Si.

Scpl 1,

N K W F, N (J L A N D F A It M K R . 1

A WEKKLT PAFKR. |

Terms, $2 per year in advance, or$2 50 ifnm ptil
within iliirly days.

N. U. — Postninslors are permitted by law lo frnr k «t
tiibscriptii'ns niid rcinitlancGS for nswspapors, »i l""J
expense to gnbtirribers.

TWTTM! AUD DEHHETT, FBIKTRHS.

A N D II O K T I ( U L T \J R A F. R E fi I S T K R .

PUilLISHKD BV JOSEPH BRECK * CO., NO. ta NORTH MAUKET STUKKT, (Aoiuculturai Warimou**.)- ALLEN PUTNAM, EDITOR.

nOSTON, WRDNRSDAY F-VKS'ING, JUNR 22, 1842.

\^sn. SI

FARMER,

.>in Hrirria's Rpportnn the Insocis orMassachiMetta

CATF.RPIU..\RS O.N THK rL.MS.

miinj tlio numerous insects that infesl oiir no-
elms, the largest is a kinJ of Sphin.x, whiuli,
the f'nir short horns on the fore part of tlie
I liave nameil Ctnilomia quadrirornit, cir
-home J Ceratoiiiio. On some trees lliesi'
njos I'xist in great numbers, and their ravages
become very obvious; while a few, thoui;li
ble of doing cohsidernble injury, may escape
ce among the thick foliage wliicli constitutes
r fiMid, or will only be betrayed by the copious
reiiularly fornicd pellets of excrement beneath
trees. They are very abundant during the
llis of July and August, on ihu large elms
h s'jrroiind the ucrlhern and eastern sides of
Common in Boston; and towards the end of
list, when they descend from llie trees for the
oso of going into the ground, they may often
•en crawling in the mall in considerable niiiii-
Tliese cati'rpillars, at this p'Tiod of their
ence, are about three inchfs and a half in
.h, are of a pale green color, with seven ob-
white lines on each side of the body, and a
f little notches, like saw-teeth, on the back,
four short horns on their shoulders arc also
ed, and like most other Sphinges, they have a
and stiff spine on the hinder extremity of the
They enter the eartli to become chr^salids
)ass the winter, and come forth in the winged
ill the month of June following, at which
:he moths may often be found on llio trunks
es, or on fences in the vicinity. In this
their wings expand nearly five inches, are of
It brown color, varieg.ited witli dark brown
thitf, and the hinder part of the body is inark-
th five longitudinal dark brown lines. A
friend of mine, in Boston, captured on the
•u|-3 of the trees a large number of these moths
7 a morning's walk in the mall, the past sum-
Jthough oblig<>d to be on the alert to cscipe
•.lie guardians of the common, whoso duly it
J prevent the grass from beinc trodden down,
y all of these specimens were females, ready
losit their eggs, with which their large bodies
completely filled. On being taken, they
scarcely any efforts to escape, ond were
carried away. It would n<it bo difficult, by
nenns, very considerably to reduce the num-
these destructive insects ; in addition to
it might be expedient, during the proper
eali, for our city authorities to cmp.oy persons
f) I her and kill every morning the caterpillars
may be found in those public walks where
bound.

GRAPE-VINE CATERPILLAR,
m the genus Sphinx I have separated another
to which I have given the name of Philam-
from the circumstnnce that the larve or

; literal significatiou o( this word it, /lore the vint.

caterpillars live upon the grape-vine. When
young they have n long and slender tail recurved
over the back like that of a dog ; but this, after
one or two changes of the skin, disappears, and
nothing remains of it hut a suiooih, ( yi-like, riii>ed
spot oil (he top of the last scgiiii'iit of the boily.
Some of these caterpillars are pale green and olh-
ers are brown, and llie sides of their body are orna-
mented by six cream-colori'd sp<it.«, of a broad
oval shape, in the species which ;)ro<liii:cs llie
Sdltlliliii of Liniia;us, narrow oval and scalloped,
in that which is traiislormed to tlic species called
.lehemon by Drury. They have the power of witli-
draiving the head and the fir.st three cegmeiits of
the body williiii llio fnuiih scirment, which gives
them a short and bUiiil apficarance when at rest.
As they attain to the length of three inches or
more, and are thick in proportion, they consume
great quantities of leaves ; and the long leafless
branches of the vine too often afford evidence of
their voracity. They .-Iso devour the leaves of the
common creeper (.impiln/jsis quinquefolia) which,
with lliose of our indigenous vines, were their only
food till the introduction and increased cultivation
of foreign vines afforded lliem an additional supply.
They come to tlicir growth during the inonlli of
August, enter the earth to transform, and appear
in the winged or moth stale the following summer
in June and July. The Su/e/A'/ia Ilawknioth ex-
pands from four to five iiichi^s, is of a light
olive color, variegated wtth •pratches of darker olive.'
The .-Ichtmon expands from three to four inches is
of a reddish ash-color, with two triangular patches
of deep brown on the thorax, and two square ones
on each fore wing; the liiiid wings are pink, with
a deeper red spot near tlio middle, and a broad
ashcolored border behind.

The grape vine suffers still more severely from
the ravages of anoiiier kind of Sphinx catirpillars,
smaller in size than the preceding, and like them
solitary in their habits, but more nuiiieious, and,
not content with eating the leaves alone, in their
progress from leaf to leaf down the stem, they
stop at every cluster of fruit, and, either from stu-
pidity or disappointment, nip off the stalks of the
half-grown grapes, and allow them to fall to the
ground iintiistcd. I have gathered undir a single
vine above a quart of unripe grapes thus detached
during one night by these caterpillars. They are
naked niid Meshy like those of the .khemon, and
Sntettilin, niid are generally of a pale green color,
(sometimes, however, brown,) with a row of orange
colored spots on the top of the back, six or seven
oblique darker green or brown lines on each side,
and a short spine or horn on llie hinder extremity.
The head is very small, and, with the ;'ore part of
the body, is somewhat retractile, but not so com
pletely as in the two preceding species. '1 bo
fourth and fifth segments being very large and
swollen, while the three anterior segments taper ab-
ruptly to the head, the fore part of the body pre-
sents a resemblance to the head and snout of a
liog. This suggested the generical name of Chcero-
cnmpa, or hog caterpillar, which has been applied
to some of these insects, 'i'lie species under con-

sideration is found on the vine and the cieepcr in

July and August ; when fully giown it dcsccndf

to the ground, conceals itself under fillen leaves,

which it draws together by a lew threads so ns to

form a kind of oocon, or coicrs itself with grains

, of earth and rubbish in tl|i; same way, and under

^ this imperfect cover it changes to a piipa or chrye-

; alls, mid finally appears in the winged state in the

j month of July of the fidlim iiig year. The moth, to

"liicli Sir James Edward Smith gave the name of

Piimpimitrii, from its living on ihe shoots of the

vine, expands from two and a half to three inches,

I is of an olive gray color, except the hind winga,

j which are rust-colored, and the fore wings and

shoulder covirs are traversed with olive-green

bands.

From llic New Gcnosec Farmer.

INDIAN CORN AND WHEAT ALTER.
NATKLY.

Mr Colma.n — I do not send you a description
of the manner in which I have raised my corn for
a few years past, because I think my crops have
been ovtr lur^e, but rather from their uniformity in
yield, which is a desirable object for every farmer
ill all his crops.

For the last five years I have alternated corn
and wheat, drawing from my barn-yard in the
spring, from ihirtyfive to forty wagon loads ol long
'mcnure lo the acre, putting it upon »vhoat stubble,
spreading it evenly, and plowing it under at least
right inches deep ; then harrowing lengthwise of
the furrows, and marking rows three feet apart
each way, planting six to eight quarts of seed
{Dutlou) to the acre, from the 8th to the 20th of
May, according to the season. When up, I leave
biit four stalks in a hill. I tilled with a cultivator,
and hoed twice during the summer without hilling,
and harvest by cutting up al the ground from the
first to the tenth of Sepleinber, and draw it off and
set it lip to cure.

The lond is then plowed once and sowed to
wheat ; one and a half bushel of seed to the acre,
and well harrowed in. From the above manage-
ment, my corn has yielded for the five years, at
least sixty bushels to the acre, as ascertained by
accurate measure ; besides giving about two tons
of stalks to the ocre, which I calculate to be worth
at least three-fourths as iiiuch as hay.

My soil is a gravelly loam, dry and warm; sub-
soil differing very little from the surface, except &
little more tenacious. One advantoge in planting
corn on wheat sl'jbble is, that it is not as liable to
be injured by worms as when planted on sward
land. My wheat that I have sowed after corn, has
yielded from twenty to twentyfive bushels to the
acre, except the past season, which was quite a
failure, owing to the badness of the season.

Gtneste Co. M. N.

Good Fleece. — Mr Henry Bascom, of Gill, re-
cently took a fleece of wool from a stall-fed weth-
er, which weighed 12 lbs. and 3 oz. — Greenfield Gaz.

40-2

NEW E iN G L A N D FARMER

JUNE aa, i84a.

We fiiiil llie following in the American Karnicr,
(publislicil nt l!nllinuirr,)(.rt'io I5tli inst;—
COLDNKSS OF THE SEASOtN.

Tlie wenlliiT since tlio coriimeiiceinent of corn
planting, lias bron uniisiially cold in tins part of
the counliy, and, as we lenrn, in others; tins < rep
in consequence has born greatly retarded in its
growth ; but us »e linie had llirer. fine eoaking
rains witiiin the week, and the weather haa clrored
lip (avorubly, with a warm sun and ijenial atinus-
phere, we fondly look forward, nnder F'rovidenco,
to see it start and make up for h)st time. We
hav« seldom witucssed a season more illsiiiled to
the wants of tlie corn plant ; but from ita frenfral
healthfnl appearance, we are inclined to believe
that a coniinuanee of the present state of the
weather will impart to it an impetus »lucliwill
put an end to its stnio'^lin':, and crown the hopes
of the husbandman with success.

From the same cause, the oat crop has begun to
head short; as it looks healthy, however, we do
not apprehend a failure; but on the contrary anti-
cipate a full yield.

OyTliis account shows that tlie weather and
Its etTecIs around Dallimore were like what we
have experienced here. Since the cold storm of
Saturday before the last, and the frost of that night
(which did no erlensivc injury in this immediate
vicinity,) we have had most copious rams ""'' lin<r he told
warm winds. Trees and {rrass, grains and pota-
toes and corn have all been doing well — though
corn prob.ibly would have come forward faster
with less wet and more bright sunshine. 'I'lie
prospects for the hay crop liavo greatly improved,
though it will not he nbiimlant, unless the early
part of next ninnlh should be more wet than the
first weeks of July usually are.

.litualion at this time by hilling, you will gel a Ipss
qu.iniity of seed than if left alone. If the laliral
roots of a stalk of clover are cut off when Iho seed
stock is forming, there will be no seed ; and just
so willi "llnr plants aiii trees; and the working fif
them at this stage cannot be attempted without in-
jury. Yet, strange to say, it is almost iuvariahly
done. I have never sufl'ered my corn to be worked
after one third of the height of the stalk was at-
tained. I plant close enough to have the corn to
shade the ground nt ito height, so as to prevent the
growtli of weeds after this last working, I plant
two and a half feet siiunre, and leave two stalks in
the hill, and I have never missed having as much
corn pet acre and as large cars as my neighbors;
and much more ihan scuue of them. I never plant-
ed a crop of corn that I had not some kind neigh-
bor or friend to tell iiie that I would have neither
corn nor fodder. Last spring, a cropper upon my
neigiibor's farm planted ihirtylive or forty acres in I
corn, and I about t>'n acres — .our fields adjoining.
He planted his corn four feet scpiare, and left three
or four stalks in the hill, and worked his crop till
it was ready to shoot into tnssels. I quit working
mine wlien about two und a half feet high. His
field was full of weeds and grass. Mine remained
clear of both weeds and grass. When our corn
was husked and housed, he told me I had from my
ten acres nearly fit"ty bushels of corn more than he
had from his thirtyfive or forty acres, notwithsland-
me in its early growth, that I would
have no corn. Part of liis ground was ijuite as
good as mine.

A similar and worse effect is produced in the

preservation in a licallhful condition. If this po|k
be conceded, tfien it follows as a corollary, th|
both corn and corn meal should be cooked beft
being fed. This will appear the more inanifl [f,'
when we slate these facts : Corn, by being bojii
or steamed, will increase in bulk two hundred |i
cent. ; while corji mrnl, by the process of builii
is increased three liundred and fifty per cent. 1
make ourself more distinctly understood, we
remark, th.it a bushel of corn afler being boili
will measure three bushels ; and that, to cook
bushel of meal, it feqiiires five bushels of water
make it into the consistence of mush, so that cvej
pound of meal in its raw ^tate will give 4 12
of cooked food, with a volume Correspondingly
creased. These facts should, we think, go far
point out to ilie observing farmer the advantag*
to be gained by cooking whatever meal lie
feed to his cows or hogs JImer. Far.

CULTIVATION OF CORN.

We copy the following article from the Albany
Cultivator. The reasoning against plowing deep
among corn, and against hilling up after the corn
begins to spindle, siems to us strong and conclu-
sive. But deep stirring of the soil between the
rows while the corn is small, gives vigor and
strength to its growth. We could never have the
good forlune to stop the growth of weeds by hav-
ing the corn so thick as to shade the ground. Ours
are so tenacious of life that they choose to live
without sunshine, rather than not live at all : — at
Uaat some of lliein so choose. We however can
destroy them mostly by scratthiiifr the surface with
a very light harrow and with the hoe: —

"I have noticed an error in the culture of plants
and trees, wherever I have bean, and 1 know no
better plan to illustrate it than in showing the ef-
fect of the error on corn. In the culture of corn,
it is usual to work the ctop till the tassil is about
to make its appearance: this is an error. When-
ever the lateral roots of a plant are injured, moved
or disturbed, when the stalk that is to produce the
seed is matured or about maturing, or whenever
those roots are covered to a greater depth nt this
stage of growth than nature intended, it will pro-
duce early maturity and dicay, and the yield will
be just in the proportion of the extent of the error.
If you will take the pains to destroy the lateral
roots of a stalk uf corn after lis having modo the
last joint on the stock, you will find that it will
produce no corn ; and if you will displace their

VIRGINIA WHEAT CROP.

The Richmond Whig e.vpresses fears thai
rejoicings of an abundant harvest liavc been prei
tiire in many portions of the State — that tlie
has made its appearance in the late wheat — whl
coiistitutPK the greater portion — and threatens i^
stniction, where ten days ago a most proniiti
crop was expected.

"The numerous failures of the wheat crop,
liilling or working of plants in the latter stags of j the Whig.) which have occurred during late yell
their growth, than takes place in plants and trees if followed by another this year, will lead to thj

en d>-ep planted. A disease is produced that
hurries the plant on to early maturity by impediii;

jeneral abandonment of the wheit culture in tl»
Stale, or the substitution of a wheal which Uiaturn

the proper nourishment, by disturbing or placing earlier than that now in use. Recourse niigl(

the roots below where nature intended they should
range for food, as well as depriving the vessels of
the stalks thus coveted from performing their func-
tions. The stalks being established, it is folly lor
man to attempt to do that which God alone can do.
Deep planting and plowing the peach orchard, after
the trees have attained siifTicipnt mntiirily In pro-
duce fruit, 19, if not wholly, the pn»cipat cause of
the disease called the yellows. Hy plowing, the
lateral roots are either cut, disturbed, or forced to
seek food apart from where nature intended, and
thus operates as a hill placed around plants, and
brings the tree to early decay.
To conclude this

wisely be had to this latter alternative. We leirl
that many of the enterprising farmers upon lh|
River have a portion of their growing crop of M>f
wheat, some of which has already been reaped, «nl
all is ready for Iho scythe. If the entire crei
were of that kind, it would now be free from litn
ger." I

ASPARAGUS. I

A writer in the Erie Chronicle says that the bc<

way to kill weeds on asparagus beds is to wote»

them liberally with beef or pork brine, or any salt

brine. The salt kills the weeds, while it nnurisher

subject for the present, I will 1 the asparagus, which is a niaratime plant, an*

say, work ycmr plants and trees while young, so as grows belter for liavini' sail. •>

to form good stalks, and then trust to the all-wise We have never put strong brine on asparugui

Disposer of events to perfect them. [ beds, and have some doubt whclher the pltnt^

I lliiiik I noticed a remark in your paper, of the i would bear it Weak brine rnay be used »iti

roots of the watsrinelon being attacked by small | safety. — Ed. Mass. Ploicmntt.

aniiiialculs'. Some salt added to the hills before' r>„« .^r , .., „it;,-.„ ■ r .l>i

,, ,11, , ' One of our citizens, a grocer, informs us that I

p anting, will remedy thi- cvi and give you better ( i,.. e., , <• ,„ ,.„.,., „ ,. i • .r ■ , <•

' ^' ■' h J 1 iins lor a tew years past been in the habit of

fruit; and salt and sullpelre sown in the peach
orchard, (particularly where the orchard is wurked
Willi the plow,) will assist in prevenling like de-
predations to the roots of the peach tree.

"If you think that this hasty notice will be of
nny service, you are at liberty to dispose of it as
you think best, and be assured that I seek neither
money nor thanks for performing duties we owe
one lo another.

LITTLETON PHYSIC.

Note carefully the efTects of your experiments.

tying the brine from his pork and fish barrels
his asparagus bed ; and he thinks none i>f his neigb^
bore have better asparagus than he. The efTaclO '
the brine is entirely to destroy the weeds, while I '
makes his plants much more thrifty. And why i '
not this reasonable .' .Asparagus is known to be I
marine plant, and is found in abundance in mtOJ

places along the shore of the ocean Kd. Ctim '

Farmers Giiz. '

the

V gentleman of Roxbury lias sent the editor 01
Boston Times a stalk of rye 7 1 -2 feet in |cnglb|

<»l.. XX. >■(». »|

A N D HO R T I C U L 1' U ii A L K K G I S T E R .

403

Ir.

(Ill r.ir

lt..K'->'

No\r ill. n't jiiii think tliciii vi-ry boniitif.il :" " Vm.
my dear, I think thoy iro ; but," contiiiiiPil Iho
gond inmi, '• I lhnti);ht our d«ii^hlor<i were nlrcady
!iii|>plicd." "They nrp," re|.lii'd Iho lady ; '• hitt
thi'se were »o ivri/ rlirap. Why, what dn yoii
think I ffiive (or Iho whole ?" " I cnn't lull, my
denr," »iis ihe luvin;; reply; "but unn Ihin;; I
know — thnl if j on conlinuc In buy ihinjfs at ihia
, , . , , ,, , , , rolo, bccnnso they nro cAfun, I shall noon be nii.i-

and I inloiid to hold R tieht rem, ao that I 1,1.. i,^ ..r .^„,o .- ■ r ■ in

., 1 . ■• ., , . I •"*- '" 'Mcnre nrces^^ne/i for niy IhimiIv.

there IS but lillle dB!i;,'or ol hnraffniii riinnin;: ' ,. ,

Our Tnercliiinl9, loo, nre ol'leii to binine In iIiIh
matter. A cuKlomer enlrr.« Iho alure. Unih part-
ners of llie concern mid all the clerka directly put
on all Ihe nirs of their puliteness. "Will you al-
low me to wait on yon, nindam ? VV'hat will you
have, madaiii ?" And, «itlioiit wuilin^j for a re-
ply, the shelves are iimncdiBtoly stripped of their

I fanv are alrcad^ involved 'in \Tii'rdrcad-i'^';;'''""'''' "'"' "'« ''"'""" '""''^'^ "'"' ?"'"''•
rtex, ali lean s.iy'is. that they .mut get out i" l^^^' '','"•, •'""'' K'v<-- yourself so much trouble."
Ihty can. Nothing ia easier than to avoid i " '^" '"'"'''''' """'«'"! 't f-'ivcs me j:rc.it pleasure
when fairly out of it. Here, as in many nth. I '""'"" "" -*"'"• ^'"' '''"^ beautiful nood«_and
03, one ounce of ;,,,.■<•../ 10,1 1-. worth "hole ! '"'""''' ' ' ""''''' '"'^' *"''' "^''"P «"»'''' '"•'»'■''■ >
It is Minply to make the matter [""-'I't it tl.eotler day at auction ; and I can sell
you the {greatest biirjj.iiii in town." Tims the volu .
ble mercliant runs 011 praisinsr his j;och1s, us the
prelliest, the best, anil the cheapest, until mad.iiii
is induced to buy, perhaps beyond lier ability to
pay. 'I'iie merchant will accoinmodite her aH to
credit also, and then laise a {jreat clamor that the
country people will not pay their debts.

These were my cni.'itation8 durinjj my cxrur-
sion, and I hope the ri'nder, ladies and all, will ex-
cuse me for present mg them just iis they occurred.
I now retire to the writing dask, and Rotation in
Crops is the ne.vt topic that I am to treat of.

This, at various times, and in various firms, has
been the fruitful source of discussion among our
best and most influential farmers. Pi'rhaps there
is no subject in tlie whole roiuine of farm manijre-
ment, on which more thought and ink has been ex-
pended. And even now, the contending parties
seem as far from entire agreement ns they were
several years ago Almost eiery farmer, espe-
cially those who go into the business on a large
scale, eeeins to think that some rotation is necessa-
ry ; but it is a rare tiling to meet with two whose
theory and practice precisely agree in this matter.
The old rotation used to be corn and wheal, and
then corn and wheat again. Biil finding that on
this plan there was a ctmstant falling ofT in the
crop, until the land would produce neither the one
nor the other, a third year was added, in which the
land was allowed to rest. The rotation then was
corn, wheat, rest. 'I'o tliis was afterwards added
afourlti yeiir ; and then Ihe case stood time : the
first year a little corn, the second still less wheat,
the third rest, as fur as the ravages of Ihe famish-
ed cutlle would let it have rest, and the fourth year
a crop of briers, sassafras, persimmon, &.«. So
things continued, our agricultural prospects becom-
ing more and more gloomy ; our population starved
out at home, and forced to the west inquest of land

T T 1 .\ C I N I) K U !• ._K O T A T 1 C) N
OF CROPS.

my last I promised to take tip the hncknied
cl of rolnii.in. But my pony ( MoiiHicnr Ton-
gain^ stands at Iho door alrenilv caparisoned,

y her wistful looks, invites me to an >thcr cx-
nn. I now have a strong bit on the frolicsome

with me.

ish to say a little more about that harrassing

railed dtbl. " A Imrnt child dreads the fire ;"

have been so hampered and harassed, and
lUfTered so much on this score, that F would
all formeis against it, as one of the soresi
lost inconvciueiit troubles thai cun come upon

n these two questions : Do I really need the
Issired? And am I in circumstances to pay
If these two questions can be answered in
irmative, then it is safe to buy. On anv
it is always unsafe, and thcretbro all idea
:hase ought tu be banished from the mind.
It IS really a little singular lioiv very insidi-
8 tiling often is. The article wanted is a
ie, and its cost n mire trijle ; or the circum-
f art- so peculiar, as to coiislitiite an emer-
The old carriage has become quite shabby,
fe insists upon it that a new one is indispen-
or .Miss appeared at church with a new
oade up in the new fashion, and this Bttract-
a attention from all the young people than
mon did ; and for this very solid reason, all
•ses, whether their fathers can pay for them
must have a new fashionable dress also,
so astonishing how important a bearing that
erency is made to have upon expenses of
I. I oicf had a very exalted opinion of
■rd : I still think it a very comely one. But
sec that it is made the occasion of throwing
10 old carriage, or the old coal, though still
able, and «.f going in debt for new ones, I
y confess that my attachment for Ihe word
derably weakened. The practice, with all
nry, is, to say the least, a very inconvenient

propensity to buy things, not because they
led, hut because tliey are cheap, cannot be
ugly reprehended. The men arc commonly
lough at making a bargsin ; but the fair
1 (xcuse mo when I say that, in this respect
rtainly take the palm from us. If a good

is offered, they cannot resist the temptation
ng it their o» n. Good prudent souls, like
istrious ant, they must be storing away for
rivant.-*. Some time ago, the following char-
ic incident tO(.k place when I happened to o" which they could live, until some one conceived
;nt. Madam had just returned from town, I ''"' ''^c* "(^ '"'''"persing a grass crop, which has

she had gone to purchase some necessa- 1 F'fovc' itself to bo the great renovator of worn-out

the family. After producing these, in '•"''s.
<hc seemed to lake no particular interest, I The rotations are now a vast deal more judicious
needed to display, with great delight, the ' than formerly. Indeed, I know of no rotation now,
ires of bargains she had made. '• See," | in which grass is not mtde to hold a conspicuous
: to her good man, "here is a new shawl , rank, and to this some ha\e added peas and oat»,
I, and a new bonnet for Emily, and a new | to be turned in, in a green state. But still this
r little Sarah, al' in the newest fashion. | subject continues to be a very rexed one, no gene-

ral ugreemciit having as yet been fixed on, ai t«
how iheso several crops ought to succeed one
nnoihi-r.

i Hitherto I have maintained an iiitire cilenco on
I this question ; and it has been a source of coiiside-
rable amu-temeiit to me to wateli Ihe progress of
that good niitured and genteel controversy, in
which somo of our most worthy and substantial
farmers are slill engaged. And I think it more
I than priibable that it would be iMi'id policy in me
I still to maliilain the same altitude. Uut ns I shall
inalio an attack upon no person, nor upon the favo-
I rite system of any one, but simply express my own
|seiiiimenls, 1 lio|)e my follow farmers will take
I them for what tlwy are worth; and I hereby bo-
speak their kindness, that if tliiy think proper to
indict upon mc a castigation, it may be as ii:odo-
rnte and gentle as possible.

.^nd now, that I may enter on the suljeet at
once, 1 would inqMire, what is lh« groat object of
al! farming, rotation among the rest.' It is, if I
mistake not, to derive as large a product as possi-
ble from our lands, and at the same lime to leave
them in a condition to produce as large or even a
greater amount in the succeeding crop. If the
crop remain uniform and stationary, there is iivi-.
deuce that the fertility of the land is the same;
but if there be an increase or falling off of the
crops, there is evidence of the increasing or de-
creasing fertility of the land. The power of pro-
duction is therefore the great criterion by which
we are to test the true condition of our lands.

Now, the great desidcrutiim in farming is to
make the lands highly productive, and ot the same
lime maintain them in a state of contiiinal improve-
iiunt. He who has arrived al this point, has leach-
ed, as I think, the " ultima Ihule" of good and
skillful management. Hut the great matter is, by
what rotation, or other expedient, is this to be ef-
fected ? To this I reply, that this whole vexed
question, on which thero is almost as great a vari-
ety of opiniims as there are different farmers to
entertain them, is with me reduced to the limits of
a mere nut-shell. My theory is, that all crops
whatever, whether corn, wheal, clover, or what not,
especially if permitted to manure themselves, ond
then removed from the land, are, from their very
nature, exhausting. This lieing conceded, the
matter is made very plain. If the land iinilorgo-
ing cullivatioii is already rich, and we merely wish
to maintain it in its present condition, all we have
to do is to return to it an amount equivalent to
that removed. Or if the object be to increase fer-
tility, then the plan is to give it more than is taken
away. .And in adjusting this account, the lond, if
I may bo allowed the expression, is rigidly and
scrupulously exact. It will tolerate no cheating
nor imposition Avhatever. If more be laken than a
just proportion, the barn or corn crib will be filled,
but it will be with a corresponding injury to the
land. Whereas, if we proceed on a liberal princi-
ple, the land will not be outdone in generosity, but
will open her kind bosom and pour t'orth a bounti-
ful supply. It is in vain, therefore, as I think, to
talk of one crop as an enrichcr and of another gs
an exhauster. They are all, grain, grass anil evory
thing, exhausters; and they are exhausters in pro-
portion to their own amount. If the crop be a
heavy one, the exhaustion is heavy, but if it be a
light one, Iho exhaustion is proportionably light.
Now I do not wish it to be understood that I con-
sider all crops equally exhausting. Some for in-
stance have broad leaves, for the express purpose

N E \V E N GLAND FARM E R

JVXEita, !s43.

404

ns I suppr)sc, (if dorivifif; n liru-n pnrtiiin of their] on llie Cuiiiiccticut river, tlic proprietor of which lotion. Thi? very best rotation tlicn, (niul penile

suatcnanci! froiii llie ainu/.spheic. N'liv jist in loliHiini Ihur, wiilioul niiy nianiirc, iUnd cuntitined
proportion as suppurL id iii;riv(;(l fr^iin this source, a to proUoce };ooJ crops ol wheal for thiitij yc.ira in
less amount is needed from the liuiil, and therefore ■ snccesiiion. In corroboration of this, 1 »ell recol-
1 CSS injury is done to tlie land in producing its j lect that, when I was a boy, my niolhor had her
crop. But ihc sentiment I wish to inculcate is, j cotton patch, which continued to produce the same
simply, that the injury done by one crop cnn ne»er, I crop year aller year, for \ know not how lun;; a
by any rotation whatevi:r, be repiired by another, i lime. Tlii'rc was also on tlic same farm, a sweet

On the other hand, this second cr.ip, when removed,
docs but increase the injury done by the first.

But it will be inquired, do you advise a siicces-
aion of the same crop on the same land, without re-
gard to variation of any kiiid.^ To this I reply,
thot I see no objection to il, pruvuttd there is fer-
tility enouj;;h in llio land to sustain it; or in de-
fault of this, thai the deficiency be supplied from
some foreign source. The general theory on lliis
subject, if I uiider-tand it, is the foUowini.': that
the land contains certain ingredients ; that some of
these iiijiredicnls are eiiiled to one crop, wliilst
others are adapted to other crops; and that these
several crops, durin;; their gro>vth, ap|)ropriate to
themselves only what is proper for llwrn, leiivini;
the residue for others which are to follow. Now,
if this theory be true, then it follows that rotation
ia not only necessary, liiit that croppinff cannot be
carried on without il. This whole theory turns
opon this one point: Arc there in fact peculi ir in-
gradients in the soil, suited to a particular crop ;
and may these be so taken up by that crop, as to
render the soil unlit to reproduce rlie same ? To

potato patch which shared pncisely the same fate.
In addition to this, it is within my knowledge, and
can be proved by hundreds of others, that the late
Dr. Tiizewell continued to cultivate corn on one
of his lots near my farm, for more than ten years

men "ill suicly thank me for solvini; this difiicu
problem for them.) is that which brings the most
frequent and plentiful supplies of manure on tht
land. With this medicine, administered not in
broken doses, as timid physicians recommend thei
nostrums, but the whole portion swallowed down al
once, I have never known any rotation to fai
Grain crops may follow grain crops, and grass
crops may follow grass crops, or via versn, and
will find in the soil the very sptcial ingredient thai
ihey require

Bill it was stated above that, in my opinion,
in succession ; and that his last crnp was inlcrior j some crops e.xhaust more than others. By this I |,
to his first, only in consequence of the exhaustion mean that some have a more pernicious and injii-l
of the land. Here then, is wheat, and cotton, and rioin effect on the land than others. I have no
sweet potatoes and nnrii, not one of which is dc- doubt that grain crops arc more injurious than
pendeut on a ro/a/i'on of crcip for their success. . grass crops. And why so? It is not because
But there is another deparlmeat, in which crop- the grass does nut, in common with the grain, lake
ping is going on, on a much larger scale, in whicli, up the nutriment of ihe soil, and thus impovcriah
as I think, I am borne out in the above position, it. The fact is, both are exhausters, whether to
This great department is the world — and the crops the same amount, I pretend not to determine. On*
are the immense forests with which it is covered, j thing, however, is certain, that land will continue

lilj

J»W

din
lute

rillS'

*1"

Now here is a great crop produced, and according
to my position, it must be at the expense of an
immense exhaustion. Here, too is no relief ari-
sing from rotation, for the same crop has been on

to produce grass longer than grain: and the reason
is a very obvious one ; fur as soon as you remove
the grass, it makes an effort to recruit itself, and II
have known it to succeed in doing so, to the a-
moiinl of the first crop. The second crop then

the land fur thousands of years. And yet this

same good farmer, Nature, has so contrived, that : falling and decaying cm the land, contributes ma-
wiihout the least rotation in all th.at time, the fer- lerially to the fertility of the soil, and in this way
tility of all that land of which she has had the ex- we may account for the fertilizing effects of the^
this I reply that there is one inoredient which, elusive management, has not only been maintained, j grass. The grain crop, however, being wholly ro
when exhausted, is destructive not only to /Au/ ''"' ''^^ """"^'^"l'." improved. Nature's farm pre- | moved, and making no effort to recover itself, musli

crop, but to all other crops, and that ingredient is
fertUily ; and my theory is that this ingredient is
just as necessary to one crop as another. I will,
therefore, with the risk of a severe castigation
from some brother farmers, frankly acknowledge,
that I liavo no great fiiith in any rotation, from
which regular supplies of manure of some kind

senls at this time a most singular anomaly of boar- necesaarily be a rapid exhauster.

ing an increasingly heavy crop for thousands of But il will be objected that by following natnre'ii

years in succession, and is at this day in better model, as so much lauded above, we shall defeat'

n

heart than it was when she took il in hand. Il is
simply because nature's wants are all real, and
therefore few. Her main object has been, what
ought to be the main object of every farmer, to

are excluded. I will even go further, and say ! keep up the fertility of her land. And how ha

she accomplished it ? Not by a rotation, but
simply by returning the crop to the land which
produced it.

But whilst nature has constantly set this wise
and laudable example, man hascome in, and though
endowed with intellect, and calling himself the
" lord of the creation," has made a very poor affair
1 of Aii farming. He has taken his little patches,
and under the growings of his artificial wants, has

that, in my view, it makes lull little difference
what the succrs^ion of crops n ay be, provided
there be a constant supply of enricliing materials
equal in amount to the crop which is removed.

And now, as I confidently expect to be attacked
for this very heterodox sentiment, 1 will take the
liberty of making my defence in advance. And
here I would remark, that what I call fertility, a
term understood by every body, is expressed by
different writers by different names. Professor
Webster (I think it is) calls il Inimns, and Profes-
•or Dana calls it /j-cinc, and Liibig calls it ammo-
nia. Now, without resorting to long quotations,
which would inenly cumbir this piece and add
nothing to the argument, I will simply state that
these three learned gentlemen do agree that the
above are the only ingredients necessary lo the
thrift of a plant; and that wlierc they exist in
proper proportions in any soil, that sml is a fertile
one. Dr. Dana expressly says, (Second Report of
the Agriculture of Massachiisclls, pago U>'),] " If
we can induce the slate of geine best fitted for
each plant, then adieu to the doctrine of the neces
«ity of a rotation of crops." Bui in a plain discus-
sion, such as this is intended lo be, I would rather
rely upon common sense, supported by observa-
tion, Ihan upon any authority of the learned what-
ever.

What are lUe fuels then in the case ? The Rev.
Mr Colmaii, cimimissioner of the above report,
states it as a fact, that ho saw a rich alluvion field

one great object of all cultivation, which is to sup.
ply our iiuiiieroiis wants. Nature, il will be said,
has but (me want, and her whole crops go to the
supply of that one ; whilst man lias nnnicrout
wants, and therefore cannot be equally generous.
To this I reply, that the farmer's greatest want is
rich, productive land. His first care ought there-
fore to be to supply this want ; and if he can but
succeed in this, lie will find no great difficulty io
supplying all other reasonable wants. Kcrlile
lands will fill his corn-crib, and plenty of corn
will not only make his hogs merry, but will diffuse
an air of cheerfulness over the whole establish,
ment. But here is the rub. After nature's law

taxed them lo the full nmoiint of their ability, and I has been violated, and by frequent removals of
pnatjng the whole products lo hiinself, and I the whole products, positive impoverishment has

giving back nothing to the lands, has reduced both
tlicm and himself to a state of beggarly slarvatum.
.\nd now he is trying to repair the injury, by a ro-
tation of crops. This, as 1 think, is only calcula-
ted to mak-' matters worse. When I see land re-
fuse lo bring one crop, I consider this as plain evi.
dence that il will refuse to bring another. The

ensued, how is the land to be resuscitated " To
this I reply again, that here is s cose lint is plainly
beyond the reach of any rotation in cropping II
is, however, a matter of comfort, that land labors
under but one single disease, and that is poverty.
Il is, however, highly infectious ; for it is almost
sure to communicate itself to the proprietor, and

rotationist, however, is of a"different opinion. He [ then it spreads through the whole family ; and
tries corn, and fails ; he then tries wheat, and fails ; when the land, proprietor, and family are all down
also ; liis next effort is with clover — here is onother j together, the case is really a bad one. But <!ven
failure. His last resort is to black-eyed peas — I in this event, discouraging as it may seen, there it
these may be sprouted, but there will be a failure i a remedy. Swano, with his panacea, and Bran-
in this crop also. jdrelh, with his pil's, have each pretended that he

Now what can bo the cause of all these succes- has discovered a remedy for .-^II the maladies that
sive failures.' iSome .ipccinl ingredient is wanting ' human nature is heir too. Now I pretend to no
in the soil. Yea 1 this is the trulh. .\nd what is (|imckery in human diseases, but I do think I hove
it? Learned men call it humus, or geine, or am- ' found a specific for the only disease that nfHicts
inonia ; but I call it by the vulgar name of nmniTf. j the land ; and this specific is not rotation, but en-
Put manure on the land, and it will bring corn, ' riching manures of some kind. How these ma-
and wheat, and clover, and peas, and any tiling I nures are to be obtained, I shall not now, of course,
else, and that without regard to any particular ro- | attempt to explain. Every one acquainted with

AND H O R T I CULTURAL RKGISTER

405

circ.MnMancos »itli winch ho ia giirruuiiile.l. [: y -Tlin llrv. Mr I uriu-r, ..r Virjjin.!,, ,.nll,..r ..f l.ur.llo ....t llio.,, ; foci ii|>..n il .vl,,.lo l.-nvpn or

uist j.i.l;.'c of Ihis matter for liiiiiself. I will, lliu proco.hiijr nrticj.-, is ono of llio iimsl wiHy nnil Hiiialll.r.iu.l.on, aiut after one or two fcc.ln th.-

i.vovor. just remark, tl.at wl.ilsm deficiency ox- ploasarit. mid willml om- of iho most H|.iritcd and w.,ro,s «nl all lie uliove tlie liurdlr ; llieii by lU

t» in one point, tliere u commonly a siipcrnbnn pr.clical wril.-ri upon fiirniin^r that the counlrv two .ides remove it to a vacant «li«lf or on i« tlio

ancont niollier; and that it requires but lilt'.- comains. Wo always welcome any thin- fr..m feedin- frnmo. When n-ccsanry to cimnee lliom

|<ill so m conc-cnirnto one'b icsourccs as to make Ins pen and read it—lhonu'h wo do not ropy all, ngniii, phre over ti.em a duplirntc hordl.-, and feed

em most available. | because his remarks are often suited only to far. na b-forc. After the wnrins have risen nhove the

.Art.-r Iheatovcatatemenl, the reader will not mcrs fur aoulh of us. In the artirle nhov, lie hurdle a-ain, remove it, and all the stems &.c on

surpri.eed «h,Mi I inform him that in my prnc- touches a principle of husbandry— lo/j/ion— which Iho first hurdle can be instantly removed.' After

■e 1 rely but very l.tlie on any syelem of rotation is worthy of regard in every latitude and under the worms arc placed upon the fcedin" frame all

hal.vcr In fact I rely scarcely uny on this every meridian. the excremenlitious matter, sick or dead worms, &c.

urce to keep up the lorlility ot my lands, much We think he is mistaken in his position that will fall ihrouj;h the frame to the shelf below

ss to increase lU My mam crop for market is nature does m.t re.sort to rotation. She begins When the worms are about to wind their cocoons

.y, and every thing is conducted on my lillle with lichens and mosses passes to grasses of va- remove the hurdles from the frame then taking the

rm u, make th.s crop as largo in amount, and us rious kinds, and nflerwnrds to shrubs and trees, shelf off the lower arm, place il on'tlie frnme above

lod in quality, as I can. Tlio fields are, there- The intervals of her changes may bo long, but siie The frame has now been converted into winding

re, continued in grass as long as they will pro- makes them. The hard wood growth un her farm chambers, the shelf forming the .overuiT and the

ce a fair crop. When the field-, become sojn- follows that of soft, and the soft follows the hard— : sluts forming partitions. The hurdles'aro now

ued with greensward and other filth as maleri- not inyariably, but generally— the rule is on that ' placed on llic shelf and the worms assisted in ri-

-Nature teaches rotation. — Ed. N. E. P.

ssen the crop — which is uniformly the

se nn all the high lands in three years, and

notimes in two — they are then plowed up, and a

rn crop is resorted to, to cleanse thein. Some "^'^^ ^'^■"'^ GROWER.S.

le agi.. when my lands were less fertile, one crop "The subscriber having had several years' c.vpc-

corn was siitficieiil for this purpose. It now re- rience in rearing silk woruis, and knowing the

ires two, and these in immediate succession. ,"■»'"'* '''"I '"''''i's "' 'he worms, has invented an iin-

• system of alternation therefore is, two crops of, proved method of fitting up a cocoonery, with feed-

n, one of oats, nnd three of grass: and this I i"? iVame.s nnd changing hurdles, on a plan which

pt not with the view of improving or even keep- is helieved to be decidedly superior to any other

up the fertility of the lands, hut simply be- i yet ''"""n ei'l"^'' '" Europe or Americi. It cnn-
ise I consider it as tJie best course in reference sists of a double row of feeding frames, two and a
tny main crop. i half feet wide and tweUe feet long. The frames

(The reader will not, also, be surprised when I are supported by two upright posts of common sized

hiin, that I never tolerate any grazing in any scantling — the posts framed into cross sills at bot-
d, or at any season of the year. I have seen '""i. "hen used in a plastered room ; or they can

idea advanced, and that too by thrifty farmers, be nailed at the top when there are timbers over
I grazing was beneficial to the lands. I will , head. 'J'hrough each post is a mortise (at a suita-

eve this when I am convinced that the right b'e distance above the floor, say 1(> or 18 inches,
/ to keep lip strength is to take away all the and the same distance from that to the next, and
tenancc by which it is maintained. No one ' so on, one above another, as many tier as the

ends that the removal of a crop adds any thing i height of (he room will admit,) eight inches long
he fertility of land. But what is the dilTcrence [ ""d on^ wide: thruui;li this mortise the arms are

thcr it be removed by the carl or by the capa- ! P'»ssed to support the feeding frames and shelf to
lis stomachs of cattle.' But it will be said, I receive the litter. The arms are strips of boards

in the latter instance it is again dropped on ! one inch thick. The upper arm four inches wide
land. True, but these droppings are so dis- snd the lower arm two ; length five feet four inches
led, and at intervals so wide apart, that every i — extending, of course, 2 l-"2 feet each side of the

must see that they do but very little good. | posts On the top of the upper arn. are sawed
rre is one event, anil but one, in which I would Ifr^nes to receive the slats of the feeding frame.
rove of grazing, and that is where the farm is a | Both arms are put tlirnugh the same mortise, and

separated two inches, and made fast in the mortise

re one, the grass abundant, and the market too

lole to carry the crop there in any other way.

in this case, the animals should be penned

■y night, and thus the manure concentred and

e tvailiible. But it will be said that the hooj

eccssary to the solidity and compactness espe-

y of light lands, to make them produce wheat.

I should think that the same, or even a greater

unt of compactnes-", might be secured by a

y roller, and thus save the fields from the so-

scoiirge of the aniinil's tooth. A fall fallow,

in the season, will ordinarily secure the suc-

ling crop of corn from the depredations of

us. iiut my paper is again too long. I thcre-

merely throw out these few hints for the prc-

At some future time I may resume the sub-

The probability is that I may prepare one or

more numbers, but at present I cinnotsay on

t subjects. The fact is, the season of the year

arrived when fanners ought to goto work,

II f am much more ambitions for the fame of a

P( irtg than of a writing farmer.

J. H. TURNER.

by two wedges driven between them, one on each

side of the post. The arms and posts thus forming

a cross. The ganes are two inches deep, half an

inch wide, and two inches apart. The slats of tho

feeding frame are sawed lath or strips of thin

board, two inches wide, s\\\. oflT with a common

slitting gage — so that on each arm two and a half

feet long are fifteen slats. The hurdle has a frame

on two sides only — four feet long, made also of

thin boards, one inch >vide — holes made through

them with a brad-awl ; a needle is then armed with

twine and passed through each alternately, exactly

like putting the cord through the two sides of a

common bedstead ; the threads one inch apart.

The hurdles are four feet long and two and a half

feet wide, corresponding with the width of the I certainly lead to the inference that it will excel

frame. The hurdles m»y be used without t/ie | "n.V that »e have siten The heat is in them most

frame by those who may continue still to use solid : cfilectnally used up, and they contain an oven,

shelves, as they save nine-tenths of the labor of i which is a very convenient appendage. — Eu.

changing and cleaning the worms, at any age. (

To change the worms or to remove them from | D^^n with the weeds, farmers. Do n't permit
the hatching table to the feeding frames, place a ' g^en the smallest to live among your crops.

sing to the cliamhers above them by any means
most convenient — perhaps pieces of shingle, ao
inch wide, or strips of paper attached at one end by
a little paste to Iho slats, and hanging down to the
worms. When the cocoons are ready for gather-
ing, remove the hurdles, litter, &c. &.C. from the
shelf; then raise up the shelf, turn it up-side down,
I and the cocoons are now all in view, either attach-
ed to the shelf or remaining in the winding boxes.
The floss is left perfectly clean, and the cocoons
may be gathered at the rate of a bushel per minute.
This apparatus is calculated not only for large
cocooneries, liut may be adapted to any unoccu-
pied room in a dwelling or out-house — as it may
bo put up or taken down in a few moments, and
costs little more than plain shelves ; and with it
one man may attend a million of worms in a sea-
son.

Rights for making and using this apparatus are
now for Bale by the inventor.

All letters of inquiry {post paid) will receive im-
mediate attention. Rights to use the hurdle alone,
two dollars ; for the whole apparatus, from five to
ten dollars, if sent by mail when rights arc applied
for. Address, A. SPA ULDING, M. D.

MaritUa, Ohio.

Jl^enl — J. Va.v Wiwki.k, Boston, Mass.

N. B. — Printers who will give this notice one
or two insertions, and forward a copy to the inven-
tor, shall be entitled to a right.

(TT'IOOO bushels of cocoons wanted in exchange
for rights.

(jy*A model of the above described apparatus
may be seen at the New England Farmer oflice,
.51 and 5'i North Market street, and Mr J. Van
Winkle may be found at No. 4 Portland street.

We have e.xainined this model, and think that
the apparatus will answer well the purposes for
which It is intended. It is certainly simple and
convenient. "It can be made by any one who
can use a handsaw and a hammer."

Mr Van Winkle also is agent for a patentee of
a .'•tove, which is eaid to be superior, in saving fuel,
to the air-tight stove in use here. The principles
of this stove have been explained to us, and they

406

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

JI:NE 2!S, 184 8

AUn HORTICUI.TIRAI. BKGISTF.R.

BoiTOV, Wkuxesoat, Joiiic 22, 1842.

The

iT:il that frost was llic cniise of hlnr|.np«« m rt deilh to
ila h'nves. Il wac i.n wnriii unci clpvaled l«nil where
III) frost has he en felt sinie enrly in the fcason, and was
entirely ovurspread hy Urger lrec».

SUIJASH BUG.«.

The Stri/jed Bui; i« now making ila ravn,
thumb and fingi-rs are gcienl inviruiin-iiti tn Ihin ih.Mti
off with ai (Jir m )»i\ ciin aiicli litem, lint llm farmer
cannot K|cna eveiy mi.ri.in-: I'nioiig hi« vinca, i»ilhnul
BeglecMng otiier woik. A "j.rinl.hng o( air slaUrd limi-,
plastor, aahcs, snntr, fine charc-ial, or any tli'ng i;l»e
that will atick to the IcavPK while they are w.'l, will
help to protect the plnnU. Thcso suhsturicea aener.illy
do aime injury to the plants I y rlo«ing up tlie pori;a of
the leavca, but the harm ia less than what ihp hugs
ofien ciinBu. The lanay, monlioni-H hy us Ihji «eel(,
we are told by on« who Iiik trlrd it, must he nncwed
often to be effcctuil. Whilo fr.sli it drives the bugs
• way- in? my opprnti"ns.

The large bliiek Buu— II you Iny a ahinjjle hy each
hill <if vines, this bag will pa«B the night under it, and
there you may cru«h him in llie moniin;;.

TAe H'orm.— This is the i-ensrin when the moth be-
gins to lay its epgs on the vinos closo to Ihe roots : these I g,y when
fga, produce the worm wliich in August des'r.-y the |
vinos. (Sen Dr. Harris's artichi on the squash vino de-
•trofcr, in our paper of F.4i. Hi )- Knowing that in-ecla
which feetl upon vc-clahiea are not generally plensi'd
with oirt-nsivo aiiiin.il matters, we look six or ei^ht lbs.
of soapb filer's acrnps, and |ut them to soak about a
foriniolit aeo. About the middle of last week, when
tlie striped bu; began to t-al, we look a bucket full of
this rotted meal — very offennivo — and poured it on and
around the vines in ah"iil twenty liilln, and shall leave
them to their fate. On olher hills we put lime — and on
others plaster.

Our manure in ihe hills contains a considerable qii:iii-
lily of salt and lime, which were mixed last November
and had become soda.

KliEl'ING HORSnS AND CATTLE IN CEL-
LARS.—GltKlsN CROPS.

.'ialrm, I5/A June, '42.
Frifni) PuTS.iM — I saw sometime since, a cooimnni-
catirin (r.TnonI till in what paper,) recmnmendinf; keep-
in-i horHCi or other rattle under the ham. and givio;; as
one reaarin. the same thai the old liidy in Connecticut
gave for wenrinw a qnilted pe'ticoat all the '* year
round, " viz : " il was cooler in summer and w:irmer in
winter." I am about imkii:" some new airanffements
in mv barn f* r the heiter acctunmodati'tn of my hi>rses,
&r. IfyoM know any one who h.;« tried the expert-
ment. and has a ham fitted in that manner, you will
ohllffn me bv giving ihe name and place, and if not
too far off, 1 will just t;ike a peep at it, before commenc-

CULTURK OF THE TREES ON THE FAR.VL

Iflherebeany lime before haying that the farmer
can spare from the hoiinj and weeding of his crops, ha
can employ il piodiably in digging the ground around
the trunks of hi< apple trees and in seiapiiig and wash-
ing them. I'erhaps earlier in the season mi;.ht have
been beltir — but good will follow from il now.

THE HOG YARD.

THE BUT'I'ONVVOOI).

The papors from all directions are altempting to ac-
count for the evil that has befallen this n.ihle tree. One
man hat found a large green worm which does the mis-
chief; bill no one else hai b. en him, and the lenvea
have no appearance of having been ealen. The >erdiit
in case of the worm must be— no< g^ill'J.

We slated la-t week that the trunk and limbs of these
trees are jet full of sup. Tlie iMomiiigPosl has learned
thai IhdY are as lull of sap as the heads of ilione who are
worried by iho sight of the lr<>es

The opinion is beeoming general tlinl fmsl has de-

stroyed tl c hdiage. The re

niiooB in fivor of this are
plausible. The biittonwood U late in pulling out its
foliage : usually its leaves do not appear iinlil after the
spring frosts are over. This season a fr>i»t was felt
from north to south after the buds had ixpaiidi d, and
furlhwith the leaves perished.

Dill some young trees, as much exposed as any nllieis
have been anh:irmed. And il is dilTicult for us to sat-
isfy ourselves that frosi is Iho causo of the whole evil
Wc bowover can asu'gn no olher. .Mont of the trees
probably will put out Si>mo leaves yet this icnaon, but
liaving suffered in their foliage last year and again now,
ihey SIC seriously harmed, and many of them will per
ish.

We have noticed some white oaks in Roxbury that
have suDered similarly though noi to ihu same extent.
One of these was so Mhclterod that it is difficult |o ad-

In your last paper, there was an article on green ma-
nures, "uckwhent and clover were recommended. If
you know any one who baa given hoili those arlirlos a
fair trial, let me know the result, and at the same time
the best time for sowing-, and how much
perncm 'i'ours, »tc. NAUMKEAG.

JT'Tlic old lady'.< reason was a good one, if applied
in tho light pl.ice. Whether good in the case ><{ the
petticoat, wo can't say ; but the cellar, xre think, (wc
wont iinderiake to prove il) — may be warmer in winter
and cooler in summer than the room above it. We do
not now reinen her to hmc seen any place whore hiirscs
are kepi in a cellar; but Thoopholis P.iison", E«q , on
his farm al Brodiline, (near .Tamaira Plains. Roxbury,)
ke'ps his cows in a cellar; and if '■ Naiimke.ig" will
take a vide to the Hamilton depot on the F. istcrn Rail
Road, wc win wilh pleasure show him where we keep
ox'n and eows in a basement or c liar. Ours is intend-
ed only as a leinpor'irv arringcnient ; for when we get
means to enlarge the barn, we [inpose to have the cat-
tle above. That aniniils will he eoolei in summer and
w inner in winter where we nnw keep tliern than above,
is probably true; bvt\\. is much more dilBeuli to keep
them clean and dry, ami more difficult to let them breathe
pure air. In winter »e do not find much trouble, but
in siiiuiner the arrangement is olijei tinnable. If nny of
our readers have exp'-rietico on this st.bject, wo shnll be
happy to know ihe result and tn commiinicale it.

Wu know not that any one in the neighborhood of
Salem has ever made iiso of clover as a green crop to
turn in On the poor lands which our people there
would improve by turning in a crop, the clover would
hardlv crow to make a ernp that would he worth the

trouble; but bmkwheal will do hi

Fiom llii< time

to th-) middle of July it will do to sow — three pecks lo
a bushel of seed per acre. Last year we saw land be-
longing lo Mr Carpeiitrr, of -Aulcboro", on which iho
year pn^ti. us he had iwo crops <.l hiiikwhent to turn in
and a third which ripened We should bo happy to
have that gnnlleniiin make public the result of his trials.
Wc -hould adivao " Naiiinkeag ' to try hiickwiifal rather
lli.m clover. When he comes to see our cillar, he can
see r.Ti Ihe adjoining liirin the rtTects of a buckwheat
crop turned iii I lal year hy Wm. R. Putnam.

A g.iod coat of whitewash on the harn adds much tn
its appearsnee, and is servieesble lu its preservation.
Sirimg brine sliould be used in ••laking lime for this pur-
pose : both a.ili nn.l sugar help iho wash to adhere closa-
ly and to resist the actio! of ihe weather.

Don't forgel to keep the hog< at work — be throwing
in weeds, soil, muck, haves — ;:ny thing lo keep them at
work. And before bay ing come« on, have at Ihe side
of the yard nntter tliiit can he thrown in from week lo
week, while haying lasts.

Ifyou intend to work upon your wet me.idows alter
baring, sand or gravel if thrown in'.o iho hog yard now,
will make a g'.od ilressing for mch lands in September.

CORN FOR FODDER.

Ifyou fear being short of hay, plow up as much land
as you can posNioly manure and sow co^n in drills-
plow an. I hoe between the rows, and you can gel a l.irge
amount of fodder.

Indian Wheal. — This nheal, wliieli was so much
lauded a few years ago, is now sown by no one here ;
but we remembei that the hulm or straw of this was
oaten very freely by the cattle, the only season when
we raised it. From this fuel we infer that it might be
resorted to in seasons when Ihe hay crop is short, as a
me:.ns nf helping to keep the stock in winter. This will
grow in a very short time, and on lands noi rich. Wc
do not suppose that it would be gnod .ns upland hay —
but from what our cattle said abont it the only season
when they had an opportunity lo try it, wc should ex-
pect lo find it more valuable than fiesii meadow bay.

MASS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

XXHIBITIUll OF FRUITS.

Saturday, June 18, 1843-

By Dr. ) C. Howard, Bronkline— Speemiens Black
Hauihiirg, Meiinier or I'urguii.ly, niid While Ciiasselai
(;rapes_all r-mnikahly fine.

Ky J F. Allen, SMiem— Black HamburiT and a Black
Grape from St. Michael. Figs, peifecily inaliire °, a
riuiiid, vciy black variety from St. Michael. .Mso, fine
larire Bpeciniens of Peaches, called by him Roval George
(;iin>istRnc.

From C.d. Wilder, President of the Society —Melhron
Cii^lle and Early Searlei V'iriinia Slruwberiiea.

From Fiancis Putnam, of Salem— Early Scarlet Vir-
ginia Strawberries.

Hy John F. Trull, of Dorchester— Early Scarlet Vir-
ginia Sirawbcrries.

All the Strawberries exhibited this day were fine.

Fnon Dr. John Bnrsiow. of Dangor, Me , — llamUonie
Ripe specimens of Yellow Rareripe and of Early Royal
George IVacbes.

J. L L F Warren— Early Scarlet Virginia and Roy.
al Scarlet Strawberries.

F.XIIIBITIOH OK VKGFTABI.ES

r.Mily Dwaif Peas, from Dr Jjhn C. Howard, Brook-
line.

Early Pens, from A/cll Bo.v.liuh.
Khiibarb, from F. I).<iia, R'^jburv.

From Horare (iroy, by Mr Needham— Wccdnn Cu-
cumbers— very long and line.

Fiom J. L L V. Warren — Long Green (^icuinbers.
For the (Nunmittee,

WM. KENRICK

0 7"Tlie Flower Report was received loo lalu for in-
sertion in Ihis number.

Will Ihe Chairman of Ihe Committee on Flowers
send in the weekly report as early in the forenoon ol
Monday as is convenient.

\OI.. SX. XO. 51.

A N D H O R T 1 C U L T U 11 A I. R K Ci I S T K R

407

M V<-^AClUr.SKTrs iniHTlCLLTlMl.*!. SOCIETV.

NO net::

The pxhil>iiinn of K,vrs for the Sncirty's prrinium^, will
lakv- plaoo nil SaiiirJ;iy, June 2HJi. I£ihiliilcr< «rc r«|iir»ir,l
lo h.ivp ilirir flower*, whirli iirr .iirrrwl fur prrmiuin ■rruii?
kI nsn-inMy |o ih.- tulo of ihe rxhiliiion. hv II o'cl.K-k.
I'er wnlrr C. M.HOVKV.

Chairman.
l'>:OMES -A^ miny of tho Tiirirtio, ol ihi« flowfr
vprrr •.iill r.M.iril.-.l l.y ilio lairnrss of ihc jcasoii, llio oihil.i
lioii for Ihc Sioiny's preiiiiuiii is cniitinucil m iifn S»i-

» ;n -.\... 1 .li. .1,. ,l„ 32 a H~So. 2 ilo Do do 21 • Jl-
\o. 3 .lo ili>il., 12 ,1 li.

Utll'.S Diiiv jii iMTCcnt.

I'l«.>rl TMoNv HI I (KT III in n 1 1 .—2,1 ifo do do J.

IIAV, prr 1...I. (19 lo .■2-K„Morii Scr.-»-.d «M in ti,

Cllfil'lSK -Shipping Biiil I iiifiil.g („ ac -Nuw 9 to Id

bOCS .2 a Hi.

llllli.inu.N .M.\KKI.T MoKii.T, Jufi

'.'It.

M Mnrkri ;W0 llp,-l Cnllle. a.'i jmin Working oxen,
30 C.w. mid C"»lv.>», GOO Sheep and I.mnl.s, and 800
Swine

I'mcm — Hrrf CnllU The priced obmim-d last «ei-k

r a like qii.ility were not realized, and wo reduce our
ijiioiniiiins A fosv eitra $5 50 a f) 7.1. Fiisl qunlity,
$5 J5. Secnd quality, ^5 00. Third quality, $4 60
1 5 Ott.

Itiirkinit Ozen —Sales 08, 77, 85, and $95.

Cuirs and C«/r« Sales 30, 23, 25, 3-i, 30, and f 38.

SJtcep and Limbs. Sales of Sheep and Lambs fiom

25 to $2 50.

■MfiVie. -A lot uf pi^s at 5 els , and a lot of old hogs
t 4 cts. At reiril, from 4 I-S to (i.

WIIULESALK PRICKS CUKRENT.

CortccUil uUli great care, lecekhj
SKKDS HerJs IJrass, $1 ?.'> to 3 on perhushol Red Top,
I 1' .".II eeiits. (."lover— .Northern, 1 1 to 12c.— S<mtheni, 9
I I . 1 lax Seed, 12 00 per hushel. Lucerne, 25 c per Ih.
a.iry Seed. *> OJ a S 00 per liushol.
TiU MX. The mild state of ihe weather has had an in-
lence up.ni the market, and hulders have consented to a
ighl reduction in prices. The transactious of the we.k
insist of several small cargoes yellow flat Corn, about
,001' hushcls.

Jorn— .Northern, old, bushel 62 to 63— Southern, round
llo«f, old, 60 a 62— Southern flat yellow, neiv, — a CO -

do whiledo. — a 54- -Barley — a Rye, Northern,

a 70 —do. Southern. — a 65 -Oats, Southern, 35 a 33—
orihem do. — to 40— Beans, per bushel 75 a I 50.— Short",
r douMc bush. — a— .

FLOUR. The narket being abundantly supplied with
e article, and the demand at the close extremely languid,
ices have further declined.

Baltimore, Howard Street, 4 mos. cr. S6 12 a 6 25 ilo.

larf, »6 00 a — do. free of garlic, *6 25 a — — Phila-
Iphia Ho. 4 mos. *6 00 a 6 12 — Fredericksburi, lowi'd 4
ti. *6 00 a 6 12 —.Alexandria, wharf mountain, —6 IM a
2— Georceiown, «6 25 a C5u— Richmond Canal, S6 25 a —
lo. Ciiy, trooa 0 0.1— I'elersliurgh, South side »6 50 a —
lo. Country >e uo a6 12— Genesee, comiimn, cash, S6 12 a
5— do laniy brands 86 3| a li 37 — Ohio via Canal.
00 a 0 00— do ao \evr Orleans, cash »5 5 a 5 75. Kyei
7« a 4 «0— India-i Meal in bbU. t3 OU a 3 12.
■»RO VISIONS. The business of the week for Beef and
rk has been very moderate, aud prices are .somewhat
'er. For Lard there has been an increased demand and
ighl improvement in prices.

leet- Mess, 4 I in new bhi. 3a 00 a 9 25— Nary— »7 50 a
»— No I, «7 00 I 0 00— do Prime H 50 a 5 00- Pork—
I« clear, 4 mo. bbl. «|0 75 a 11 60— do Clear ilO a 1 i50

0 Met* 7 00 a 8 uo— do Prime »5 UO a 6 0 i— do Mess

1 other Slates — a —.—do Prime ilo do «.5 00 a 5 50

lo Cargo do do — a Clear do do 8io oo a 1 1 so -

ler, shipping 6 a II— do store, uiiinspecled, 10 a 14— do
y, 16 a 17.— Lard, No. I, Bislon ins 6a C 1 2 —do
Ih and Westeri, 6 -• —Hams, Boston, 7 a 7 1-2 —ilo
Ibero and Western, 5 a 7— Cheese, Sliip'g and 4 meal
S — do new milk, 9 a to. '

OOI.. Duty. Th? value whereof at the place of ex-
shall not exceed g cts. per pound, free. All where-
ra.uc exceeds 8 els. per ptiunil, 32 per ct. ad val. and
■ per pound.

'elui»e no change to notice in this article. Sales limited |
prices nominal.

rime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, Ih. 44 a 4«e.--Amei,
tull blood do 4U a 42— Do 3 4 do 37 a 40— Do. I -2 do
-1-4 and common do 30 a 31 — Smyrna Sheep,
unwashed, 10 a 13— Bengasi do
Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7

REVOIA'ING HORSE RAKE.

This is one of the most useful and labor saving machines
now 111 use. One man and a horse with a boy to lead, will
rake on an average fnnii 26 to 30 acres per day, with ease
and do the work well There is a greal advantage m this
rake overall others, as the person using it di'cs not have lo
stop the horse lo unload the rake. For sale by J UKKCK
&CO., .No. S2 North Market st. May 22.

SOUTH UOWN STOflt.

For sale by the subscriber at ibe fioi of Atwell's Avenue
in the city ol P.ovidence, one imported South lown Buik,
Six Kwes and four Lambs. The above are of the purest
blood, and second to none in the country.

June 8. 8w JOHN GILE.S.

(•ibty clof.
no hair of

.. . . 1 ...-^ ...... 1 tain tint

hi" seed m p,i, m,,, ,1,^ g,„„nd, and nl the same lime
in the best pos.ihl,. manner. Tlie.e h... be. n a greal
dillicnllY in ma.hinrs |..i sowing; garden ..ed. ; llicy
are very apt lo r|o« i,,,, ,„,! the fi.ni.r migbl go over an

"cre of b,nd and „ « „ „„„|,. j . b.„ ,?.., .„ „iu,

tins; It IS >.. coi,»rrnci.-,l ihat it cann..l p..
n usinir Ibis s.,«er, the f:i,n,.r .-.in ..nvc .
biH see.l, .md do Ihe work at lesa ibiin one quarter Ihe
expense .d Ibe common w.iy of s.iiving, n..d have it
'l.mp in a much h. tier marin.r ; it r.pens the fiiriow,
dr.ips .he .e,.d, covers ii over nnd rolls them down.
m" 1%'." ""*■ '*''"' "'■'"''''■•" «-<-'l'; »"> Hi'la Uag.n.
Mang.l U urn. 1. Turnips. < ariots. Beels, P.irsnip*. On-
imis, ^.-c Forsninntthe N-w Kngland Agn< nl'inral
Wanhouse nii.l Seed St„re, No,. 5' and 52 Norfi Mar-
ket street, by JOSKPIl BKECK & CO
April 20

AORICl)L.TrR/iI. IJIIPL.K111l!:.\'l'S, &c

The Proprietors of the New I'.imlaiid .Ajricultural Ware
house and Seed .Siore No. 51 and 52 Nonh iMarket street.
Would inbirm their cusiomers and the public ijenerally that
they have on hand the most extensive assortment of
cultuial and Horticultural Tr '
Stales. Part ol which are Ihi
1000 Hovi-ard's I'aient Cast

Iron Ploucihs
300 Common do. do.
200 Cultivators,
too <?reene's Straw Cutters.
50 Willis' do. ilo.
loo Commna do. do.
100 Willis' Patent Corn

Shellcrs.
50 Common do do.
2..0 Willis' Seed Sowers.
60 " Vegetable Cutters
00 Common do. do.

200 Hand Corn Mills.
200 Grain Cradles.
100 Ox Yokes.
1500 Uoz- Scythe Slones.
3000 • Austin's Kifies. I
March 17.

POCOKETTK.

sale 21)0 Barrels Poudrelle. at $2 per barrel, by J.

Is to be found in the Untied

following :

lou doz. Cast Steel Shovels.

150 " Common do.

100 " Spades.

600 " Grass .Scythes.

300 " Patent Snaiths.

200 " Common do.

500 " Hay Rakes.

200 " Garden do.

200 " Manure Forks.

300 " Hay do.

500 Pair Trace Chains.

100 " Truck do.

100 Drall do.

600 Tie up do.

50 doz. Halter do.
1000 yards Fence do.

25 Grind Stones on rollers.

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements have been ma.le the past vear in the
ormand workmanship ol these Ploughs; tile mould b, ard
has been so formed as lo la., f>e furroio romplrfe/v oner.
'""'•"■^ in ecenjparlule of grass or, itiWe, and leaeingl/i*

he
he

BRL:CK vV CO, 61
May

and 52 Nottli Market M., Boston.

bed,

10— Saionj .clean.

. picked, 12 a 16— Sujiertine Noriheni pulled lamb 35 'he quality .dniilk

""■"mI '"."'J t"-^t possible manner. The length of^ h
mould board has he n very much increasel, so tha h
Plough works wilh the greatest ense, both wi'ih respecl 1
he holding nnd the team The Committee at the laje tn.1
ol Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Should our opinion be asked as to which of the Ploughs
we shou d prefer b.r use on a farm, we might perhaps sai ■•
the inquirer, il your land is mosny light and easv to woik
try Pronty & Mears, but if your /unk Acury A^r/ orroc.y

BEOl.S- WITH Mn. HOWABD'S.'- ''

At the above me'.t:..ned irial the Howard Pl-ueh dU
more ,royk,r,l/i Ihe same psrrcr o.rieam.than any oll^
l^ou/rh ^f-bUed. No ..ther turned more than twenuse.-e,
and one half inches, to the Ii2 lbs. draught, «hile the
Hnoard Plough turned hcenhmine and one half inches U
the same poicer of learn ! A II acknowledge that HowanVs
mad'e" '"^ ' strongest and most substantially

There bos been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
orlandsnieo/ this Plouph, which can be renewed withoW
having to furnish a new landside this shoe likewise secuies
Plo""rv,r Tm'rcli "*'"'"' "'K«'''". «'"< strengthens ibe
The price of the Ploughs is from SG to $15. A Plough
"icienl for breaking up wilh four cattle, will cost ab.iHl'
M, and with culler »i,with wheel and cutter, t2 6*

hove Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail —
lew F.ngland .Agricultural Warehonse and Seeil St.Ii
51 & 52 North Market Street, by

April 20

reel, by
JOSKPH BRECK &. CO.

LACTOMETERS-

DAHLIAS.

For sale al Ihe Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North
Market street, a larg- assortment of Double Dahlias of the
lin.'si varieties. J( SEPH BRECK & CO.

Boston, May 3, 1842.

D.IHLIA POLES.

JO.SEPH BRECK & CO., offer for sale loco superior
Dahlia Poles, with the bark pealed ofl, in bunnl-s of leo or
by the dozen. Boston, May », 1843

408

^ E U' ENGLAND FARMER,

JI'NE 23. It 2.

MISCELLANEOUS

Tht Rising Gcncriilion. — Wn oixe visilpd a

country gcIkioI in Puni|>kinville, kept by a Mr Oba-

diali Snooker, between a cininp of iildtrr bushes and

a notefl froj;.pohil. 'I'lie obirct of our visit was, I „ k i i ■ ' i i m

„ , , . ' ence H-ere becoining deeply ■•ntcrestcd, wlicn all

ot course to see what prii<;ross (he nsin-j gennru- '

lion was making in tlic walkfl uf litcriilure and uci-

ence ; and tve can assure the reader that ue came

away highly gratified, nnd much more mnnseil.

of his father, decided, without reading it, to make

use of it on the ensuing Sabbath.

Siindny came — the con-jreijation nssoniblcd —
the worthy deacons were all in tlicir places — and
the preliminaries finisheil, the sornion was coni-
nirnced. All went well for a time, nnd the audi-

Ilaving .sealed onr difinitied sell in tlie master's
arm chair, we threw one lep over tlio other, looked
as scricius as a p.^ulm book, and wailed for llu' first
exhibition.

" FilUi class lake their plact.-s to read," was llie
grmid Mjrnal for (in iilt.ick on our fjravity ; at which
command, out siaiiipored into the middle of the

nee ihe cIcrL'yinan surprised ihem with ll
fiirin.itioM Uinl " if it had ii.)l been f T the clemency
of the Governor, many of them would liave been
hung long ago .'" — Exchange paper.

Indian .Inudolc. — Soquashefpiash, an Indian of
the remains of a tribe in Connecliciit, was some
years since brought before a jusliie of the peace,
on .<;ome charge which 1 do nut re-collect. John
happened to be drunk at tl.o lime, and instead of

KIND WORDS.

Nev?r was truih couched in swreter language Ilia
; ill the fullnwing grm froiii on unkiioivn band ;

A liltlc word in kindness spukeu,
I A million or a lear.

lias oniii bpaled n heart that s broki-n,
And made ii Iriend sincere.

.\ wi.rd— a look— lia» crushed to carlh,

Full ninny n budding flowi r,
WliK h li.d a smilt but owned its birib,

Would blent lifi'd darkest hour.
Tliir diem it not an idle thing

A pleasant word In sjieak ;

The face you weir, the tliougbig you bring,

A henil may heal or break.

floor an inleresting looking lot of urchins, truly— , •'""'*^^'"- ^ireclly lo the <iiiestioiis put by the jus

ashed, unshod, unshorn, and uncombed, was
the general aspect. After they had writhed, twist-
ed, and squirmed through the reading of the niono-
syllubles, came on the spelling. Tim 'I'ltmouse,
whose tow (rock and check apron ornamented the
fool of the class, was a " busier" at -spellin". Wit-
ness his effiirts :

" 'I'imothy, spell hoax."

" H, n, e, ho, a, X, ax — hoe are."

"The next," &c.

"Toe the mark, Timothy, nnd spell goal."

" G, o, go, i, t. It — goil."

Next came a class in parsin".

[iMastcr reads] — "Boys are less studious than
girls, fcliabod, parse boys."

" Boys IS an indefinite article, imperative mood,
singular tense, objective case, and agrees with
girls."

"Uivc your rule."

"Conjunctions always connects sexes and all
kinds of genders."

We sat as composedly as a

lice, merely ninltend out, " Vour honor is very
very wise — very wise — y-y-your honor is very
wise, I say."

Being unable to get any other answer from him,
the justice ordered him to bn locked up till the
next day, when John was brought before him per-
fectly sober.

" Well, John," said the justice, " you was drunk
ye.tterday. When I askeii you any questions, the
only answer you made was, " V'onr honor's very
wise — very wise."

" Me call your honor wise'?" .said
with a look of incredulity.

" Ves," answered the inagi.<trnte.

"Tiicn," replied John, ''me mii.n
drunk, sure enough." — StUetcd.

In.

lan,

been

The Committee on Sheep, of the Worcester Aa *

ricullural Society, in their report observe: ••;

sheep should be judged of like a dandy, by lli
finen> 63 of its coal. We beg pardon of the s'hec
for the comparison— but ii is so apt ! In both ca
ses the coat is the most valuable part of the uni
mal. What is a sheep g, od for without a fleece
Antl.whal is a dandy good for without a cout ?"

que. — What is n dandy good for toith a coat ?

^1 Lively Relish for Breakfust. — Yesterday
morning, while a kind old matron was arravinf the
coffee cups for breakfast, she thought that some-
thing extra appeared to be in the milk, and upon
f oysters all 1 examination found it to be a live eel, of small di-

Ihe while th'-y were coinmilting an assault and ! ni''"sions. How the slippery stranger got ihere,
battery upon p..or Lindlcy Murray, and never ut- *'"« involved in mystery, until it was suggested

lered a word in his defence

" Class in geography," was the next move.

" What are the chief productions of Connecti-
cut .'"

"Onions, ivooden nulniege, horn flints and
wooden clocks," answered an urchin with on italic
eye.

We seized our hat to depart, but Mr Snooks
•aid he should like to have us hear his first class
read — and so we hailed. A chapter in the New
Testament was selected — aiul all went smoothly
and eloquently, till some Johnny Raw came to a
certain verse which he rendered thus — ''He saw
Abriiham afar olf, and Leather ears in I5o.-ton."

The master " let go" his book at the boy's head,
and wo shutout of the school-house like a streak,
and have ever since kept clear of those places
where they teach " young ideas how to shoot" so
murderously. — .V. Y. Mticunj.

Sermonizing. — A laughable story is told of a

clergyman who formerly preached in T ,

Stale of Maine, 'i'ho story runs, that being some-
what given to laziness, he was in the habit of
drawing frequently upon a chest of sermons be-
queathed lo hiin by his father, (a most convenient
legacy,) who was also a minister.

Upon one occasion, the young divine got hold
of 0 sermon once delivered to the Slate Prison con-
victs— nnd, SBlisQcd from the well known language

that the milkman had not put a strainer on the noz
zle of the pump when he watered his milk, by
which oversight the eel slipped into his pail, unob-
served iinlil near being scalded lo death with hoi
cotfee. — Philndilphia Gat.

How beautiful, how sublime the preccptj "for-
give us our trespasses as we forgive those who
trcs[mss against us." But who would willingly be
thus adjudged.- Who is there that does not hope
for moro mercy nt the hand of Ins .Maker, than he
has shown lo his fellow man ? — Selected.

.1 lirighl Jnn/. — At the Worcestershire (Eng.)
sessions reci-ntly, in one case the jury returned the
fcdlnwing verdict: '• (iiiilty — with some lillle doubt
as to whellier he is the miin !" The judge reliev-
ed the jurors from further service.

A person endeavored lo prove to Hr. Johnson
that an nlheist may be a man of good moral char-
actor. "Sir," said the doctor, " when a man re-
jects his allegiance to his Creator, what liaH.he to
restrain liim from the perpetration of crimOH.' If
an atheihl was to drink tea with me, I should look
very c'Areftilly after my spoons."

GUi EK'.S PATKKT S J RA \V CITTER.

JOSEPH HRKCK A CO. allheNcw En:;lai.<l Asriciil
lural Warehouse niid Seed Sl.iie Nos. 01 mid 52 .\orili Mni
kei .Streel, have Inr sale, Green's Polenl Slr.iw, Hay an
Sulk Culler, operating on a niechaiiiccl primiple not Uln
applied Inasy implement loriliis purpose. The niosl prom
incnl cffecls of this application, and some o( the coniequei
peculiarities of Ihe iiiachine are :

1 . So great a reduction of ihe qunnlum ol power requitii
lu use il, thai ihc siren^ih of a liall grow n boy is sulfieien
to work 11 .(hcienlly.

2. Willi even ilos ninderale imwer, il easily ciilstwo liush
els a iiiinuie, which is lull twice as fasi as hiis been clniuic'
by any oilier inacliine even when worked by borse or slesu
power.

3. The knives, owing in the peculiar manner in which llir
c-nl, require sharpening less often ihan those of any oihe
siraw cjlicr.

4. The machine is simple inils construction, made and |>ii
logether very stroiij-ly. Il is therefore not so lialde as llu
complicated mncliines urgeneral use lo get oul of order

' I have a great car, a wonderful ear," said a
conceited musician, in the course of conversation.
" So has n jackass !' replied a bystander.

UAIiLIA AND BKAN POLES.

f;oo dozen Danlia and liean Poles ; also. 500 Spruce Pol__
la to 30 feci in length, lor sale by MOSliS ritt-NCH Jo.,
Maine wharf, near ilic futlom of Summer St.

June 1, 1812. 3w

SUN DIALS.

Jusl received a fe\v of Sheldon it Mo- re's, Pun Dials.*
very neat and useful article for llu- purpose ol giving ilie Hint
n| dnv in llie garden or field. Price ;i cents. Korsnlell
J. HKECK 4- CO., No 51 and 62 .North Market .Si.

Sept I.

N E W E N G L A N I) E A R M K II .

A WKKKI.T rAI'FR.

'rerms, J'J per year in advance, iir$'2 .I J if nol paid
<^iliin thirty days.

N. 15. — Poslmastira are permitted by law lo frank ait
n.iliBCriplions and reiniitancis fur newspapers, willioijl
expense to subscribers.

TUTTI.K JINB BENNETT, I'hlNTf.BS.

A N D HO R T I C; U L T U U A L R E G I S T E R .

PUBLISHED BY JOSKPH BRECK <c CO., NO. 62 NOUTll M.\lllvKT STllKET, (AoRicuiTunAi WA«»iiou»t.)-ALLEPl PUTNAM, EDITOR.

BOSTON, WKnNKSDAY KVK.NINO, JUNR 20, 1840.

IJsn. s9.

N. E. FARMER.

FVoin Hnrria's Report on Iho Insect* of Manacliusetls.

IIESSI.^N FLY.
The far-famed Hessian fly and llie wheat fly of
urnpe, and of thi« country, are Email <;nala or
(l^os, ami bi'lon^j lo the family calli^d Cceidomy-
lift, or "lall-cniils. 'I'he insects of this family are
ry niiinoruiis, and mo.<l of tlietn, in the inagfjot
;\to, live in jja.lsor unnatural enlargements of the
Ills, leaves, and buds of plants, caused by the
iictiir^s of the winged insects in layinu their
gs. The lU'ssian fly, wheat fly, and some nth-
3 ditfer from the majority in not producing such
tcrations in plants. The proboscis of these in-
ct'* i.< very short, and does not contain the pierc-
g bristles found in the long proboscis of the bi-
1? gnats and mosquitos. Their anlennie are
composed of many little, bead-like joints,
iich are larger in the males than in the other
X ; and each joint is surrounded with short hairs.
Their eyes are kidney-shaped. Their legs are
;her long and very slender. Their wings have
ly tivOj throe, or four veins in them, and are
nged with little hairs around the edges; when
t in use, they are generally carried fl.it on the
k. Tlie hind body of the females often ends
ih * retractile, C'inical tube, nhcrewitli they de-
lil iheir eugs. Their yoiinj are little footless
ggnt.-j, tapering at each end, and generally of a
!p yellow or orange color. They live on the
ces of plants, and undergo their transformations
licr in these plants or in the cround.
The He.<sian fly was scientifically described by
S.iy, iu 1817, under the name of Cecidonn/ia de-
iirlor. It obtained its common name from a
ipcisition that it was brought to this country in
pic str.-iw, by the Hessian troops und'-'r the coin-
11(1 of Sir William Howe, in the war of the Rev.
tion. This supposition, however, has been
light to be erroneous, because the early inqui-
i made to discover the Hessian fly in Germany
re unsuccessful ; and, in consequence thereof,
Joseph Banks, in his report to the British Gov-
iiionl, in 17t?!>, stated that " no such insect
lid be found to e.\ist in Germany or any other
! of Europe." It appears, however, that the
le insect, or one exactly like it in habits, had
n long known in F]iirope ; an account of it may
found in Duhamel's "Practical Treatise of
ihandry," and in a communication made to the
kc of Dorset, in 1788, by the Royal Society of
riciilture of France. In the year IS^W, the
eat in Hungary was considerably injured by an
eel of the same kind, supposed to be the Hes-
1 fly by the Baron Kollar. Moreover, .Mr R.
Herrick, of New Haven, Connecticut, has re-
tly published an account of the discovery of the
•i llpsnian fly, by Mr James D. Dana, in Minor-
near Toulon in France, and in the vicinity of
ple.s. Nothing has yet been found relative to
existence of the Hessian fly in America before
Revolution. I: was first discovered in the

year I77(!, in the n'-iglihorliood of Sir William
Howe's debarkation on Slaton iKland, and at Flat
Bush, on the west end of Long Island. Having
multiplied in these places, the insects gradually
spread over the aoiitlicrn parts of New York and
Connecticut, and continned to proceed inland at
the rate of fifteen or twenty miles a year. They
reached Saratoga, two hundred miles from their
original station, in 176'J. Dr. Chapman says that
they were found west of the .Mlegliaiiy mountains
in 171'7 ; from their progress through the country,
having apparently advanced about thirty miles
every summer. Wheat, rye, barley, and even
timothy grass were attacked by them; and so
great were their ravages in the larva stale, that
the cultivation of wheat was abandoned in many
places where they had e.<tablislied themselves. In
a communication by Mr J. W. JefTreys, published
in the sixth volume of Bud's Cultivator, it is sta-
ted, that soon affr the battle of Guilford, in North
Carolina, the wheal crops were destroyed by the
Hessian fly in Orange county, through which the
British army, conipused in part of Hessian soldiers,
had previously passed. Although it is possible
that, in this instance, the chinch bug may have
been mistaken f"r the Hessian fly, the rem'irk
shows how prevalent was the belief respecting the
introduction of the latter. The forerjoing ."tate-
meiits, taken in connexion wiih the habits of the
Hessian fly, induce me to think that the common
opinion relative to its origin is <leserving of some
credit, although wo are as yet without any positive
evidence of the exisleiice of this insect in Germany.

The following brief liisiory of the habits and
transformations of the Hessian fly, will be found
to agree essentially with the excellent observa-
tions on this insect, written in the year 1797, by
Dr. Isaac Chapman, and published in the fifth vol-
ume of the " Mc-molrs of the Philadelphia Society
for Promoting Agriculture." .Mr Herrick has
kindly permitted me to make free use of Ins valua-
ble account ol" this insect, contained in the forty-
first volume of "The American Journal of Science,"
and of other information comiiuiiiicated by him to
me in various letters. The latter gentleman has
spent some time in carefully observing the habits
of the fly, during many years in succession ; and,
having fitted himself for the task by the study of
the natural history of insects in general, his state-
ments may be implicitly relied upon. Moreover
they are corroborated by the observations of many
other persons, published in various works, which I
have consulted in the course of niy investigations.
Nor have I neglected to examine every thing on
this insect that has fallen under my notice; and
shall hereafter allude to some of the contradictory
statements that have been published relative to
certain parts of its economy.

The head and thorax of this fly are black. The
hind body is tawny, and covered with fine grnyisli
hairs. The wings are blackish, but are more or |
less tinged wilh yellow at the base, wlicre also j
they are very narrow; they are fringed with short!
hairs, and are rounded at the end. The body j
measures about ontstenth of an inch in length, and

the wings expand cue quarter of an inch, or more.
It IK a true Cccidoim/ia, diflering from Lasioplera
ill the shortness of the first ji.intof its feel, and in
the greater length of its antcnnn>, the head Iiko
swellings whereof are aNo more distant from each
other. Two broods or gf-nerations arc brought to
maturity in the course of a year, and the flies ap-
pear in ihe spring and autumn, but rather earlier
in the Southern and Middle Stites than in .Vew
Lngland. The transfnriiialions i.f some in each
brood appear to be r'-tarded beyond the ii«unl lime,
as is found to be the case with many other insect* ;
BO that the life of these individuals, from the egg to
the winged slate, extend.-* to a year or m-prc in
length, whereby the continuation of the species in
after years is made more sure. It has frequently
been aiisertcd that the flies lay their eggs on the
grain in the ear; hut whether this be true or not,
it is certain that they do lay their eggs on the
young plants, and long before the grain is ripe;
for inaiiy persons have witnessed and testified lo
this fact. In the New England States, winter
wheat, as it is called, is usually sown about the
fir.-it of .«5epteniber. Towards the eml of this
month, and in October, when the grain has sprout-
ed, and begins to show a leaf or two, the flies ap-
pear in the fields, and, having paired, begin In lay
their eggs, in which business liiey are occupied for
several weeks. The following inleresling account
of -'if- manner in which tips h done, was vritten
by Mr Edward Tilghinan, of Queen Ann county,
Maryland, and was published in the eighth vol-
lime of "The Cultivator," in May, 1841. "By
the second week of Oct"ber, the first sown wheat
being well up, and having generally put fnrih its
second and third blades, I resorted lo my field in a
fine warm forenoon, to endeavor to satisfy myself
by occular demonstration, whether the fly did de-
posit the egg on the blades of the growing plant.
Si'Iccting a favorable spot to make my observa-
tion, I placed myself in a reclining position in a
furrow, ond had been on the watch but a minute or
two, before I discovered a number of small black
flies alighting and sitting on the wheat plants
around me, and presently one settled on the ridged
surface of a blade of a plant, completely within
my reach and distinct observation. She immedi-
ately began depositing her eggs in the longiludi-
nal cavity between the little ridges of the blade.
1 could distinctly see the eggs ejected from a kind
of tube or sting. After she had deposited eight or
ti'H eggs, I easily caught her upon the blade, and
wrapped her up in a piece of paper. I thi-n pro-
ceeded to take up Iho plant, with as much as Icon-
veniently could of the circumjacent earth, and
wrapped it all securely in a piece of paper. .After
that I continued my observations on the flies,
caught several similarly occupied, and could see
the eggs uniformly placed in Ihe longitudinal cavi-
ties of the blad(;s of the wheat; their apjH-arance
bcintr that of niinute reddish specks. My own
n.ind being thus completely and fully satisfied as
to the mode in which the egg was deposited, I
proceeded directly to my dwelling, and put the
plant wilh the eggs upon it, in a large glass luin-

410

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

Jt'NEau, 184 3.

bier, addin'f a lillle wnlcr to ilio curlh. niiH socurcd
ihe vesitel by cuvcrinij it wit]i paper so that mi in-
sect coiilil (lel access to tli« intrrior. Tlie p^iper
was sufficiently perforated with pin holes lor the
adinisdiun of air. The tiirnblcr with its contents
was diiily watched by inysplfto discover the hatch-
ing of the epiis. About thu middle of the fifteenth
day from the deposit of the ej;^'s, I «a8 so fortu-
nate OS to discover a very snuill inangol or «orin,
of a reddish cast, niakini; its ivay with considerable
activity doivn the blade, and saw it till it disappear-
ed between the binde and stcni of the plant. This,
I have no doubt, was the produce of one of the
eggs, and would, I presume, have hatched much
sooner, had the plant remained in the field. It
was my intention to have carried on the experi-
ment, by endeavoring to hatch out the insect from
the fl.ix-secd state into the perfect fly ai;ain ; hut
being called from home, the plant was suffered to
perifh. The fly that I caught on the blade of the
wheat, lis above stated, I enclosed in a letter to
Mr John S. Skinner, the editor of the " American
p'ormer," of Baltimore, who pronounced it to be a
genuine Hessian fly, and identical in appearance
with others recently received from Virginia."

The best modes of preventing the ravages of the
Hessian fly, arc thus stated by .Mr Ilerrick : — "The
Btouler varieties of wheat ought always to be cho-
sen, and Ihe land should be kept in good condi-
tion. If fall wheal is sown late, some of the eggs
will be avoided, but risk i>f winter-killing the
plants will bo incurred. If cattle are permitted to
graze the wheat fields during the fall, they wtll de-
vour many of the eggs. A large number of the
pupa! may be destroyed by burning the wheat stub-
ble immediately after harvest, and then plowing
and harrowing the land. This method will un-
doubtedly do much good. As the Hessian fly also
lays Its eggs, to some extent, on rye and barley,
these crops »hould be treated in a Bimilar manner."

InUrtsling to Entymolofriats and Botanists. —
The editor of the Southern Literary Messenger has
lately received from the American Consul ut Malta,
W. Winthrop .\ndrews. Esq , a preserved hutterlly,
ninetysix years old, and in a perfect state of pre-
•crvaiion. The specimen sent to the editor is
spread out between two thin plates of isinglass of
mica, and the edges are glued firmly together to
exclude tho air; the insect is perfect and the col-
ors are as bright as when in the original state.
We do not recollect of ever seeing this mode of
preserving insects or plants adopted by any of our
entyniolopists, and we publish the fact for the in-
formation of Ihose who are dfsirons of having a
healthy cabinet. — Host. Eve. (Jaz.

Selecting Cnblmfce Plants — A correspondent of
the New Genesee I'ariner advises thoso who, on a
rainy day, take from a bed of cabbage plants, some
for transplanting, to select the blue slixirtlff;/reil
ones, because tho long-lep:i;ed ones arc mostly
tculliont, ond won't have any heads !

" When I came hero to settle, about forty years
ago," says a western farmer, "I told 'my wife I
meant to be rich — but all «/ie wonted was ' enough
to miko her comfortable.' I went to work and
clcar>d my land — I've worked hard ever since ;
and hive got rich ns I wont to be. Most of my
children have settled about me, and ilicy all have
good farms ;— bul.my wife u'nt comfortable ycl."

For ihe N. E. Fanner.

PKACH TURKS PRR.SKIIVED FROM THE

WOUM WHICH (ilRULES THE ROO I S

AND KILLS THEM.

Mr Editor — Like nnny other persons, I am a
great lover of good peaches; but I have heard
many complain that their peach trees were destroy-
ed by a grub or worm, which girdles the trees at
the surface, or at a very short distance below the
surface of the ground ; and I have seen several
method^j (loo numerous fur iiic now to mention,)
intfcluallij tried to prevent it. But for the bene-
fit of the fruit-loving public, I have now the plea-
sure of slating to you a preventive which I have
used with unfailing success for many years, and
which when fairly tried, I have never known to fail
of destroying the worms, so as to protect tho trees
from their depredations.

First — 'i'ake unslacked lime, slack it with wa-
ter, and wet it up aliout as tliick as common paint.

Second — Dig away the dirt around the roots of
the tree, to the depth of 5 or (J inches, or till you
get as low as where the lateral roots begin to
shoot oflT from the main stem of the tree, and lay
the dirt up in a ridge all around the body of the
tree, and at the distance of a few inches from the
main stem or trunk of the tree, thus forming the
earth around the body of the tree, into a dish which
will hold the lime water.

Third — Fill the dish or cavity around the stem
of Ihe tree, with the lime and water. 'J'his, if
properly prepared and applied, will infallibly kill
the worm.?, and will probably convert the worms
into a kind of soap ; and soap, you know, is said to
be a good manure for trees.

Fourth — Select a wet time for this operation,
for then the gum about the roots of the tree will
be so soft, that it will be easily scraped away from
the tree, and will leave tho worms exposed to the
proper operation of the lime; and the ground be-
ing well saturated with water, will not so soon ab-
sorb the lime and water, which is put into the cavi-
ty, or dish, which has been formed around the tree,
and this will occasion the lime and water to bo
longer in immediate contact with the worms.

If this operation is properly performed in the
spring, and again in the fall of each year, I con-
sider it as an infallible remedy, or preventive, of
injury, from the worm or grub which girdles, and
thus kills the peach trees. Some of my peach
trees have lived to be more than thirty years old.

Whether we reckon time, or money, or both, the
eipnxsc of this operation is very trifling.

'i'here arc other causes winch occasion peach
trees to die or to become sickly, but the lime, pro-
perly ajiplied, according to the foregoing direc-
tions, will, I think, infallibly prevent tho destruc-
tion of the peach trees by that kind of worm which
destroys by girdling the trees just below the sur-
face of the ground.

If I find lime and opportunity, I may hereafter
send you and the lovers of good peaches, an essay
on tlie mildew in peach trees.

In the mean time 1 remain, dear sir, very ro-
sppctfully, yours, ASA M. HOLT.

East Jladdam, CI., June 17th, l&l'i.

We shall be happy to receive the essajr Ed.

Tho way to get credit is to bo punctual. The
way to preserve it is not to use it much. Settle
often. Have short accounts.

From the Farmer's Caliinet.
ANOTHER "FARMER IN DISTRESS."

How many are the ills ihat "flesh is heir to!"
The account of the Farmer in the last numb
of ihe Cabinet, who had at last u-aktd up, and
improved his land willi lime, attention lo his n
nure heaps, good tillage, iic, as to find his mii
ers in the spring without ;)fM<urf, as all his lid
were now mowable, reminds me of a couple of i
neighbors, who had also Iheir troubles. Th.
were similar in character to kis, to whom I ha
just referred, all having their origin in the hone.-
of old mother earth, and in her strong disposal
to repay, with interest, the labour used in coaxii
her to pour forth the exhaLStless riches ot h
bosom.

" Heiglio — neighbor G," said E., one fros
morning, as he passed through his neighbor's cor
field, and found him beating his hands against h
ribs to keep up the circulation — " how is the co
crop on your side the fence this fall ? Mine
very fine ; I calculate upon 70 bushels to tl
acre." " Oh," said his friend, " I shall have qui
that much: indeed, if you look at the heaps, wi
three or four baskets in them, you'll say I'll ha<
60 or 8.) bushels. But, dear me I I don't kno
what upon earth I shall do with my hogs ; I ear
fat them : it seems as if there was always son
trouble or other in store for me ; somecrooi fallif"
to my lot; my pumpkins are all gone, and I bh»>
have no ojful corn to fit mj porkers tvllh! I m-
nured my ground well in the spring, and gave ii
corn a good sprinkling of ashes and plaster wht*
I first harrowed it, and then it looked so well, tb(
I couldn't help tending tt nicely all summer, art ''
now, it's all sound and hard, and I'm h.irrassid
a little to know how to get my hogs fat 1"
well, neighbor G," said E., " you're not sohi .r.
your troubles, for I've been brooding over inii
ever since harvest. I've limed and marled n
land, and picked up so many hints from the ' CaL
net,' that Cousin Humphrey persuaded us both, yi
know, to subscribe for, that last summer I cut i
much more first-rate hay than I have been us. ,1 i
that my barns would not Indd more than halt • ( i
if I go on this way, I shall be obliged to put i,
more hay houses, and buy more stock ! 1 'mo
wish we had let that Farmer's Cabinet alone ; it
got us both into trouble, you see." I came alon
just in time to hear this conversation, and we a
made ourselves merry over the "distresses" of n>
neighbors, and they concluded I should be nj'nhi:
man and have it put in print — with this sai:r a.
vice to oil brother fanners who can't ofl'ord to pi
up additional buildings for their inrreased ( ropi
nor to fatten their porkers on sound corn — imnd'
to be careful how ihey enrich their farms, t" : Im
id honest, and will pay : and by all mcaiii i. >: t
subscribe for the Farmer's Cabinet I

Hi Mriiiii 1.

Occupation. — No human being, however fn. .rr>
ho may be by fortune, however exalted his ali.:.ii'i
can be haj>py without a pursuit. In preference t:
idleness, the most trifling object tiiat has power tl
fascinate the hopes of man, is worthy his attentiv

JVoble Reply- — .\rislollc, being censured
bestowing alms on an unworthy mendicant, rcpllv
" I did not give it to the man — I gave it to hxat
Uy."

VIM.. \1. N'O. 54

AND HORTICULTURAL K E G I S T E K

411

Kr.Mii iho Fnrm,.r-i C'.binot. j I) Oh. tlioy don't niinil tl.r ye.ko when lh.7 pot

usril to il.

OXRN IN n.ARNESa. ^^ No more do coU min.l akinnin!; « l.rn ih-v

Mr.. Kditou,— Is thcro any r.'n«.>n why oxen | ppt i,«p,| to it. But who told you ih'M' do not

loiiM iii.i bo mnde to «ork in harness as well nsjniind it? I triiessthnt nislorn never woiihl ennble

kes ? I have ropcatrdly a.iked this question, | ,11. to hrnr any Ihinir bo I'n^ihtriilly painful, weari-

somo and inc-onvemenl. an a voke on our neckH for
so many hmirs without roniplaininp, if we had the
power to express onrai'lvfa.

D. Well, did yon ever see oxen work in col-
lar»?

C. Uepentedly ; a prent ninny tenins, both cin-
pie nnil dniiblr, rome dnily into l.onilon from tlin
surroundmiT coontry. nnd traverse the slrrcls, both
in carts nnd wn?ons, with the prenlest ease nnd
convenience, exhibilinp all tlin tr.ictiihilitv of th'"

It linve never yet met »ilh a valid iibj'-cinin to
I'li'iorn^'oii, as it ik lerined, alllioiiph much has
1 iirped and «lreniioiisly insisted upon, on the
ound that it would be found impracticable and
poisible. I am not, however, convinced that it
so, but rather, I H'ol quite certain that the siib-
f ciillr.rs for yokes would be adv.intnpo-
s in every «ay, both to man and beast. The
bjecl has of lute bcrn impressed on my mind, by
tiiessinp the extreme awkwardness of the adnp-

i..n of the yoke to the plow, as well as to s,;er«l i horse, and the snnie power of pwtlinp t.nck the load
lier Ubors to which the ..x is ilevr.trd ; but in j nnd of poinj forward ; with blind bridles hut wilh-
irh his n.olions .and freedom of action ore re- out bits in their mouths, and collars, stufTed in a
ced almost to a piece of machinery, by the ever- difTerent manner from those of the horse ; oponinp
tinp yoke upon his neck, oftentimes a weight of „„ the top -nd confined with a strap and huckle".
fficienl for a load f..r a ample beast ; and nnd their feel shod with double shoes ; in which
which it is customary to add half a hundred Utate thev are equal to horses in all but pace ; as
ipht o*" iron— merely, I presume, to ascertain easily puided and in every way as convenient.

much the poor brutes can be made to bear up
ainst. I was present a few days ago at a dis-
isidii of the subject, and would place the arpu-
nls fur and a<;ainst the yoke on record, so far as
an remember them.

C. I wonder why oxen cannot be used in col-
wcli as yokes ?

f). Oh, they would not be found to do at all.
7. Did you ever see the trial made .'

D. No, but I know il would never do.

'. Well, I have seen it tried and it was found
d'l exceedinply wel!. I wonder who first
upht of putting a yoke, the size of a tree, upon
pour animals necks for them to push iipapaiikst ?
"). Don't you see it is an ordination of nature ?
he bump of the neck being made on purpose
eci-ive the pressure, like a natural pad.
'. Exactly the arpument which is used by the
ibilants of the islands of the Hebrides, for
iiinp their horses to the plough by their tails !
hilt else." ask they, " is the tail made for? Il
n onliniifion 0/ naturr. ; there can be no qiies-
ahoiit il." But I cannot see that nature or
■nn his any thing to do with a practice so cruel
so biinplinp.

). Oil. 1 have no doubt that upon trial it will be
id the best and easiest method of fixing it:
ever, I have never seen or heard of any other

I now.

'. .M pape 10-2 of the Cabinet, vol. 2, it is
, the French method — thot of drawing from a

d strapped across the forehead, has been found
irelerjble to the yoke, the cattle being easily
:eM to the method ; stepping out very light ,ind
and although sorely pressed by way of ex-
inent on a broiling summer's day, they worked
e easily, in a labor that would have sorely dis-

ed them if in yoke, each ox working sepa-

■. But that is not in collar, as you recommend.
. True, nnd is not near so complete; for there,
each animal would be separate, after which it
Id enjoy the freedom of its head as well as
leck. Only think for a moment, of the weight
broad, thick piece of wood, the length of the
kncss of its carcase, the stuffing and strappinir,
des the iron hooks for the tnccs to be hitched

II hanging at the forehead of the poor beast,
en hours a day !

And at plough, they are a thousand times more
convenient in collars than in yokes; turning at the
ends of iho land in half the time and with half the
Inhor, and going through a day's work with halftha
exertion

D. Well, I don't see the need ofchanging what
has been in use for so many years.

C. Then, of cniirso, ynii still adhere to the tin-
der-box, and flint nnd Hteel, nnd have not "chang-
ed" them for a box of I,iicifer m;itclies.

D. Oh, but thai change for the better was so
apparent.

C. To me, not half so apparent as the change
from the yoke to the collar, because, of so much
more importance in the saving of expense nnd suf-
fering.

D. But the yoke is so much cheaper than the
collar and harness.

C. True, and I am willing you should debit eve-
ry crop which yon raise by their means, with an
extra two cents per acre — that beinp. I calculate,
about the extra expense incurred, and which would
cover it.

D. Then it is so much more labor nnd trouble to
gear up with the collar and harness than with the
yoke, that I guess I shall go on as I am.

C. Ves, that is exactly the conclusion to
which I pxpepted we should arrive, for to that
point have all the arguments that I ha»e heard,
come at Inst ; and but for the sliaine of it, it would
no doubt form the first objection to the substitution
of the collar for the yoke. Vm.

When you see a man who curses when it rains,
frets when a fog occurs, and smiles only when the
sun shines, be sure that such an ono can never
bear up with fortitude against the attacks of mis-
fortune, nor stand with equanimity the marvellous
changes of our daily life. — Selected.

The two most precious things on this side the
grave are, our reputation and our life. But it is
to be lamented that tlie most contemptible whisper
may deprive us of the one, and the weakest weapon
of the other. A wise man, llierefyre, will be more
anxious to deserve a fair name, th.-»n to possess it,
and this will teach him so to 'live, as not to be
afraid to die. — Lneon.

.MAS.S. HORTICULTURAL SOCIKIV.

> MIIIIITION or ri.o'WfHIl.

S.ili,riiny,yJu>it 18. IHI2.
From M. P. Wilder, Fie«idenl of th.- Si.ci.ly—
Ptronira : Poltsii, Wl.ittlejii, Dwarf Rocket
Lnik-ipur, f)enotliora Frnserii, ('alccolaria Royal
Stiinilnril, Spiren japonica, Lupinus polyplivllus,
Mniiraiidia Sciiiperviren<, lli-remiiCHlliN (^luhaiiii,
Spiroca lilipeiiduhi, single and double; HoHperii
matronalis alb. plena, I'aNsiMora bricteala, Azalaa
phi-nicea alba. Gornniiims, twenty vur. Ruses.

By Win. Keurick — I'lpimies : I'npnvcriicia, or
Poppy flowering Tree Pnji.ny ; Whillejii, Albiflora.
Ins Sibirica, I. Pnlladn, or >ky blue. Day Lilies:
lleiiierocnllis flava, or yellow day lily. Spires.
Cui Ider rose .'-^pirca ; Double White Spirca, or
Qiiei'ii of the .Meadow. Carolina large llowcring
Syringo. Roses : George IV., superb Durk Crim-
son, superb Red, Nivea, Boiirsalt, &,c. &,c. Trades-
cantin, blue and white; Delphiniim sinensis, Kopho-
ra Australis. Himeysuckles : Scarlet Trumpet,
(monthly,) Vellow Triiinpet, do.. Orange colored,
Variegated, do. ; Dnuglassi or Canadian straw col-
ored, with very Inrge foliage, glaucous beneath.
Purple Beech, Laburnum, itc. &c.

From Hovey & Co. — PiEonies: Poltsii nnd
Whittlejii. New Crimson Boiirsaull, Rivrr's Geo.
IV.. nnd Ne plus ultia Roses, and Pansies. Cere-
us Ackermanii.

From Francis Putnam, Salem — Cactus, var. Ack-
ennanii, Jenkinsonii, Speciosusand S(iecioci8siniu9.
PcEoiiies : var. Poltsii, Reevesii and Whilllejii.
Roses: var. Lee's Crimson Porjieliinl, Perpetual
White Moss, River's George IV., Irene, Harrisonii,
Smilhii, While Moss, Desprrz, Yellow Tea. Als-
trsemeria, var. Psittjciiia and Flos Marlinii, Euphor-
bea splendens.

From the Messrs. Winship — Dictamus alba;
Campanula persicaefolia pleno ; Orobus niger ; Spi-
rea slipiilacea; Phlox Listoniana ; Philadelphus
pubescens ; Duutzia Scubra ; Chionanlhiis Vir-
giuica. Piponies, Bouquets, &c.

From John A. Kenrick — Magnolia macropliylla ;
M. tripelala. Roses, V2 var. ; including Wliite and
Red Moss, Harrison and Irene Vellow. Pa-ony
Wliilllojii, P. Fragrans, P. Reevsii. Kalmia lati-
folia. Honeysuckles, C var. ; .^znlias, 5 var., &c.
From Wm. Meller — 14 Seedling Geraniums;
Cactus epeciocissimus; Violas; Bouquets.
From A. H. Hovey — Amaryllis formosissimn.
Prom J. F. Trull — Chioiianthus Virginica ; Li-
riodendron tulipifera ; Spirea ; Bouquets, &.c.
Prom J. F. .Mien — P,-cony Whilllejii.
From A. Bowditch — Cactus .•\ckermanii ; C. spe-
siocissimiis ; Boiirsaull Roses, 3 var.; Muliiflora
Rose, and eight other kinds.

From John C. Howard — Specimens of the Hoya
Carnosa, or Wax Plant, and .Aconiluni or Monks-
hood, and Pceonia Odorata Chinense. Bouquets.

From S. R. Johnson — Out door and tender Ro-
ses.

Roses, from F. \V. Macondray.
By W. K. Carter — A variety of fine Polonies,
Roses, Magnolias, &.C.

Bouquets from J, Hovey, Capt. Geo. Lee, J. L.
r<. F. Warien, Misses Sumner, S. Walker, and
Hovey &. Co.

The Detroit Advertiser states that recent rains
have removed the fears for the whent crop in Mi-
chigan, and that the surplus of this season will be
over three million bushels.

412

NEW E N G L A ^M) FARMER

JiNEao, in -J

From Culmati s Foiirlli Ueport.

DAIllIKS IN MIDDLESKX COUNTV.

Midillesex county is nut a dairy county. Prop-
erly speaking, tliero are no lar<je lorni diiirios. No
cheese is made unless in very small iiuaiitities lor
faniily use; and tlio butler rniida, of wliicti in llie
afisrejati; there is a consideruble amount, finds a
quick and weekly market in the capital and the
other lar(;e towns in the county. A very large
proportion of the population of the county are en-
gaged in commercial, nmnulacturinj and prol'es-
sion.il pursuits, who, ol course, iiiusl have their
bread buttered for them as they have no time to do
it for themselves. 'I'he farmers of Middlesex
therefore find a ready and a cash market for every
thinj which their farms or gardens produce.

I Irive many returns of the average yield of
cows in butter, some of which 1 will give. From
the nature of the case, so various are the animals,
so diir-rent their feed and condition, so great or so
little the skill employed in their management, that
it becomes dilticull to infer any general rule as to
their product. I can only present the ditTerent
statements and leave to my readers to draw their
own conclusions.

In Waltham, the cows in June average six lbs.
of but'cr each per week ; this upon grass only.
One fanner in this town states the average yield
in June at seven lbs. butter per week, and from
June I to November 1, at five lbs. per week. In
South Reading, in the best of the sensim, the ave-
rage is from seven to ten lbs. In Reading, in the
best of the season, one pound of butter per day.
In Billcrica, for throe months, six lbs. butter per
week. In VVilmingltm and Billerica, the yi''ld of
a cow for the season is rated at one hundred lbs.
of butter. In IJ(Mlli)rd, the yield is rated at four
lbs. per week, or oho hundred lbs. per season.
The above aro similar to returns given me in other
parts of the county, which need not therefore be
referred to.

I will subjoin a few results:

1. In Franiingham, the farmer had twelve cows.
The calves were fatted and gold to the butcher.

Kroiii April 1 to January 1 ensuing, there were
sold, as the produce of these cows, l(ii!7 lbs. The
cash received in the same time is for butter sold,
$328 •!:} ; and for milk sold in the same lime he
received .$4(j 48— -total, $.174 91.

The cows were wintered upon coarse feed; in
the spring they received English hay. The ex-
pense of pasturage in the summer was fifty cents
par week for each cow. The commission for sell-
ing the butler in the market was two cents per lb.

This is the statement of a farmer distinguished
for Ins general exactness, and yet the amount of
butter and milk consumed in his own family, from
these same cows, is not reckoned ; nor what
amount of pork ought in justice to be carried to
their credit.

2. Ill VVnltham, at a dairy to which I referred
in my second report, the owner made a trial of his
cows for lliirtccn weeks. Me had two cows in
milk the whole lime and two heifers, two years old.
Till' whole of the milk of one of those heifers was
lakeji by a calf during six weeks out of the thir-
lecn, and besides this, milk was used for the fami-
ly, but the amount not ascertained. In fairness,
therefore, the slock cannot bo considered ae more
than three cows for the thirteen weeks. Th^'
cows were soiled in the barn-yard upon green food
cut for them, and wore never out of the yard in

the time. 'I'liey had likewise three pints o' meal
each per day. From them were made in that time
389 lbs. biilter — one adilitional pound would have
made it 30 lbs. each week. One of the cows was
one quarter Denton improved shorl-liorn blood ; the
rest native stock.

.'}. Another farmer in VVallhnm, distinguished
fiir the excellent butler which he brings to market,
deems the average yield of a cow through the year
as four lbs. per week. Eleven of his cows in milk
in the best of the season, have produced 75 lbs. of
butter per week. Thirteen cows 'produced in the
year, 1500 lbs. butter and ICOO lbs. cheese, partly
skimmed or three meals milk. He obtains a se-
cond rising of cream from his milk; the butter is
not so good as the first mado, but of tolerable qual-
ity. The cream is salted and the churning takes
place onco a week. He is of opinion that butter
should be made soon from the milk, as the fresher
the cream the better the butter. Tin pans are
preferred to any other. He considers clover as
the best feed for butter, and as much better in win-
ter as in summer. One pint of salt is used to
twenty lbs. of butter. I am thus particular in this
account of his management as his butter is greatly
esteemed in the city; and either by good butter,
good customers, or good address, he gets f irtyfive
cents u pound for all his fresh butter in winter —
c'ertainly a very unusual price in our niarhet.

On another farm in this town one cow and two
heifers, besides furnishing two gallons of milk per
day for sale, and exclusive of some inilk used in
the family, produced 27 lbs. butter in the month of
•September. This farmer's three cows had pro-
duced .'iO lbs. of butter per week. It is his opinion
that vegetables given to cows are injurious to the
butler.

4. A dairy farmer in Weston, from fifteen cows,
produced in the season 1500 lbs. butter. I could
not ascertain how long the season was understood
to be, nor what amount of milk was used in the
family ; but this is a specimen of the returns with
which one is compelled to put up. They are very
indefinite, but they are worth something. The
butter of this farmer commands the best price ;
and he urges strongly the importance of churning
cream while it is fresh. The butler in the French
market, he says from personal observation, is al-
ways churned from fresh cream, and commonly
churned daily.

Of the amount of milk required to make a pound
of butter, quite various accounts are given. The
milk of some cows is much richer than that of
others. The milk of a cow in general increases in
richness from the time of her calving. The rich-
ness of a Cow's milk is in some measure dependent
on the food she receives. The milk first drawn is
ipiite inferior in richness to that last drawn from
the cow, known as the strippings. All these cir-
cumstances will of consequence afiect the amount
of milk necessary to make a pound of butter. Il
may be well however in this cose to give the state-
ments of ilifTerenl fanners. In one case 7 quarts,
in another 8, in another !>; in another case, 12
quarts aro required for a pound of butter. In S.
Jaqiies's slock, which ho designates as tha Cream
Pot breed, two <piarts of the strippings, by his ac-
count, have produced one pound of butter. I liavc
already refirred to this fact in my Second Report.

Middlesex county, in the vicinity of the capital
and the large towns, abounds in milk establish-
nienls, at s(!voral of which as many as forty cows
arc kept — in some cases more — and iheir produce

is daily carried to the market. It used lo be tl
practice to milk the cows before the dep.irlure

1 the cart in the morning. This obliged the farmr

! in some cases at considerable distance from tow
to begin their milking between one and t»ii, .
two and three o'clock in the morainu-, and wiis oti

: orwise objectionable. A difi'erent course is no
in many cases adopted. The milk of this momin,

.for example, is not carried until tomorrow mornin
and the milk of tonight will go at the same tini
The milk after being drawn is ihoroiighly cook
off, anil kept in the cans in iced ivater, until it
tak«n in the morning l.o the market. After th

^ thorough cooling, the customers find, especially i
the warm season, that the milk retains its swee
ncss longer than when put into the cans an

j brought lo the market warm from the cow

I believe there is no city supplied with betfi

: milk, or in a more cleanly condition, than Bnsto

'The milkmen are in general a respectable class

V

men, and pride themselves on supplying their cu
toiiiers with good milk ; and the Bo.stonians are i
general equally particular in requiring pure mil
for their money. Several of the milkmen wh
come daily to town, are substantial farmers wh
have attciidod the market for forty years. A milk
man who, in his visits to the city, should be foun
taking improper liberties with any pump or well o
the road, would soon be likely to have some inc ui
venient questions put to him as to the breed of hi
cows anil his mode of feeding them. In New Vor
city it is not so. With the exception of a fci
milk establishments, where a sacred pledge of por
milk is given, a system of fraud is almost unaer
sally practiced. The milk is twice watered ; firs
in the udder of the cow, who is fed upon disIlller^
swill, of which she has two or three barrels pe
day, with only hay enough to form a cud for mini
nation ; and ne.Nt, after it is d.'awn, it is a ver;
generol rule to add one quart of water to ever;
four qunrts of milk. Il is not easy to prevent this
as, where the proprietor is himself honest, the car
rier, who may be otherwise, may be tempted to in
I crease his quantity, that he may appropriate lo hi
1 own use the proceeds of the amount sold beynm
that for which he has to account. In the arrange
ments at ihe celebrated llarleiaii dairy, in Glasgow
I Scotland, the most remarkable establishment of thi
kind ever known, the cans were so cnnstriiclei
and fastened with a lock, (ihe key of which wai
retained at home,) that there was no possibility o:
introducing any thing into them after they wert
I taken from the milk linuse ; and there such variouc
j checks were apjilied, that il could hardly be done
j without detection. Indeed I have been let into
j the secret, at New York, of the actual mamifac-
: lure of milk at a grocery store, where hardly real
milk enough was used to " swear by," and this
compound was sold lo the poor and miserable fur
three cents a quart. The grocer, though he kept
no cow, oflored to supply the milkman wilh what
he required whenever his quantity was insuflicienl
to meet the demands oi" the day.
I There is no such thing to be had in Boston,
within my knowledge, as distillers' swill — ihe re-
fuse grain after the whiskey has been extracted
I from it ; but some use is made of brewers' grains,
the malted barley, where they can he had. 'I'hey
increase the quantity of the milk, but injure the
quality. English hay and corn fodder are the gen-
eral feed, with Kometimes carrots, rula b;iga or
mangel wurtzel. The rula baga and all the tur-
' nip fomily, arc apt to give a turnip taste to the

\ ». M). J.

AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER

Hi

ii!k, wliicli I iie»cr know to bu olhorwisie Uian

;i;:r- oablo lii every pcracin cxccplinj; Willmiii
Joblirtt. »lu) bud ruts bs^ia gpftl lo oell, and so,
iprbap^ boiioslly, tluni^bl ihu flnvur and oilur plea-
laiit. A milkman of my ncqiiamtancc, however,
oiiKirknhle for bis cari-fiilnons, says bu finds no ob-
cctmn of ibis sorl lo th.e rnta bnja, if Ibcy ore
iveii lolbccows dircclly after and not before being

Ikud. Before tbe next niilKinj; comes, bo says
bo ilisafrreeable odur is enlire'y got rid of. Tbe
)e8l nulkmon prefer c>'"d clover bay f^r cows in
iilk lo any olber. Potatoes and m'lnjel wnrtzel
ncreasc tbe <|uanlity without improving tbe qunli-
y of tbe milk. Carrots, parinips and sngar bccls
mprove tbo quality. A iiiilk larm, "ell silualod
nd «itb a good custom, is a profitable husbandry,
rhore the milk brings 5 cents in summer and (5 1-4
ents in winter. A good deal of milk is sold by
he farmers lo tho milkmen for three cents per
iiarl, of the profits of wbicb management to the

rnicr I have strong doubts. If we suppose that

rri|uire3 10 quarts of milk to iiinke one pound of
ull> r, this at ;{ cents per quart would be 30 cents.
uppose tbe milk to be made into butler — there is

pound of butter worth 'J5 cents, and, if of superi-
r quality, 33; there arc the skiin-niilk and butter-
lilk remaining, worth certainly foryoungpigs 1 1-9
ent per quart — say 9 quarts, 13 cents ; and there
i the manure made by the Bwine kept, which is o!
oiisiderabic value.

Tlie amount of milk furnished by a herd of cows
irough ihe year, is very dilFerently estimated by
ificrent persons. Rare individual cows may be
ccafionally met with, giving ten, and perhaps in
jnie remarkable case, even eleven quarts of milk
er day Uirou^h the year — that is, 3(1.1 times 11
uarU, or more than 4000 quarts per annum ; but
ich cases are very few in number.

The most intelligent and careful milkmen whom
have consulted, are of opinion that their cows
verage nljout six quarts per day for 3b",5 days, and

0 dry in that time from two to three months. A
3ry careliil milkman, who may be entirely relied
1, from ".iO cows produced 11,131 1-2 gallons of
ilk in a year. This was at the rale of (J 1-8 qts.
>r day for •lii.) days, or 7 1-2 quarts pi-r day for
}0 d:iy.«. These cows were native stock, extreme-

ivell selected and well fed. Successive trials

1 this same farm, give about the sumo result.

On a milk establishment in iModford, under ex-
^llent management for many years, with twenty
>ws in summer and more than thirty in winter,
c average product for 30.5 days is from five to six
larls lo a cow per day. The cows are fed in
inter upon clover bay, an allowance of a peck
id a half each of succulent vegetables, and some
idian or oil-meal cake. The summer feed is not
aled, but great ndvantago has been derived from
■e>^n Indian corn fodder. Oil-meal cake is not
jnsidered of equal advantage with Indian. It is
jCMied loo dear if more than $^ per ton. Car-
ls are preferred to all other vegetables when the
lality of the milk and the conditicm of the animal
e regarded. Since the use of tbe most powerful
rdiostntic presses in extracting the oil from the
IX seed, tho cake is by no means so valuable as
rmi'rly, and tbe price should be proportional.

In the case of a milk establishment in the vicin-
y of Sali'tn, on an average of thirtyfive cows in
ilk, the product in one year was 17,171 gallons
" milk, beer measure ; in another year it was 17,-
iO gallons. In the first case it would be about

■"i 13 quarts to a cow ; in tbo latter, 5 l-'i to a cow
per day through ihc year.

At Lowell, connected with tho manufnctnro of
printed goods, was an e^tablishinent of fifty cowa,
kept for the upocial purpose of obtaining their ma-
nure fi>r fixing some of the colors employed. The
milk of the cows was gold to persons concerned in
the factories at a low rale, and an exact account
kept of tbe yield, and the amount and cost of feed.
With this account I have been favored, and doom
it well worth preserving. Tirty cows liiive been
tho average number kept, and kept constantly in
the barn upon hay and green vegetables, such as
potatoes, &c. Tbe average nuiiibor of cows giv-
ing milk has been thirtyfive. The qnanlily of hay
spent for two years was 418 tons, at an average
cost of $18 .'lO per Ion ; and for green vegetables,
(tc, during the same time, were paid !*10I8. The
average yield of the cows was four quarts daily.
The amount of hay required for a cow was 4 0-.50
tons, exclusive of vegetables. The quantity of
milk obtained in the two years from the whole
slock, was !.';t,705 <iuart8 ; or, rating the average
nuniber of cows in milk at 35, it would be, for 3l>5
days, 3 31-35 quarts per day to each cow. No
calves were raised. The whole sum expended in
this case for feed, exclusive of attendance, milk-
ing, &c., was $8751. The value of the milk ob-
tained, at five cents per quart, was ,$4965 25 —
leaving a balance ag:iiiist the eslablishmcrit of
$3705 7.5. This would be a serious result to any
common farmer. The keeping of the cows through
the year upon dry feed, and the high cost of the
hay, go largely to swell the expense. Tho large
nuniber of dry cows kept, averaging fifteen through
the year, is a heavy drawback upon the returns.
In the New York city milk cslablisluiienls, as soon
as a cow ceases lo give milk more than sufficient
to balance her cost of keeping, she is sold. It is
the aim of the cow-keepers to keep their cows so
well, and in so good condition, that, after a few
weeks extra feeding, they may be fit for the butch-
er. Their pl.Tco ia then immediately supplied with
new milch cows. In tho Lowell estabiishuient, as
the object was not milk, cows were probably kept
long after they had ceased to give milk cnougli to
pay for their keeping. To whatever it may be as-
cribed, that the balance was so heavy on the
wrong side of tiio page, the experiment is a highly
instructive one, and may induce farmers engaged
in the milk business, to look more carefully into
their own results.

From the Farmer's Cabinet.

COMPOST -MAKING.

Mr. Editvor, — At length it would appear that
the making of compost is beginning to command
attention ; I see several experiments going for-
ward around me, but what ia more to the purpose
I have one in progress which I attend and watch
with very great interest — it is, the mixing bank
earth with lime, hot from the kiln, the earth being
the opening of a deep cut through a msrsliy hol-
low, where it had lain for the past age and become
covered with grass and weeds and tufts of herb-
age, &c., all which I turned down with the plow,
after covering them with a coat of lime, using the
subsoil plow at the same time ; and upon this, I
have again thrown earth and lime in alternate lay-
ers, as directed at page 31(i of the last nuniber of
the Cabinet, expecting to reap a rich harvest in ic-
turn for my labor. -And 1 now begin to perceive

how tbo making of coinpoau operates j it in. by the
absorption of the gnse«, liboroled by rcrmcntation,
which alwayii taken place nn bringing two Hub-
Hlanccs into contact, bo they never mo dissimilar in
their nature and propnrlie-i, particularly when tboy
are composed uf piilrid niiitltr, wheiher Bnininl or
vegetable, being acidulous, is iimnedialely neutral-
ized by tho alkali of tho lime, ami the gases friend-
ly to vegetation, liberated by the process, are im-
mediately absorbed by tho earth in composition, in
which stale it is carried abroad on the land lo be
operated upon by the rain and dews, which carry
tho carbonic acid to the roots of the plants by ila
power of density. And I perceive that the bank
of earth in question sends forth a smell, as liaa
elsewhere been observed, somewhiit like soap-boil-
ers' ashes.

The absorbing quality of fresh-turned earth calls
to notice a very wise ordination of nature; for
were it not for this arrangement, the abodes in the
vicinity of cemeteries would not bo habitable to
human beings; the exhalations arising from the
decomposing bodies by which they are so thickly
tenanted, would so contaminate tho air as to breed
a pestilence : a very slight covering of earth, how-
ever, is found all-sufticient for the purpose of ab-
sorbing all the malaria that is engendered, and
teaches us at the same time the mode in which
these putrid gases may be preserved to give life
to a future generation — according to the "Gem"
from Liebig — see page 3,30 of the 5th vol. of the
Cabinet. In confirmation of this view of the sub-
ject, it is stated, that a garment which has been
contaminated by the filth of a skunk, may be ren-
dered perfectly inodorous in a stiort time, merely
by burying it in fresh earth, so that the parts de-
filed come in immediate contact with it.

Here then is the rationale of the whole matter —
the earth in our compost heaps absorbs the gages
that arise on fermentation, fixing those that are
triendly to vegetation, and permitting ihose of a
contrary nature to pass off into the atmosphere,
there to form other combinations, by which they
might be prepared for other purposes ! After this,
may it not be expected that we shall carry our
dung from the baru-yard during winter, and de-
posit it in the fields where it will be required the
next springer autumn, turning it up, and mixing it
with muck or hank earth, in the proportion of one
of the former to three or fourofthe latter, and thus
add to our resources without llie purchase in town
of a commodity that we can better supply at home ;
remembering, the oftener it is turned, the more it
is enriched by atmospherical and other influences,
and rendered at last a bank of gold ? I guess it
might. P.

May 24, 1842.

PROSPECT FOR CROPS.

From almost every section of the country, ac-
counts come to us with the cheering intelligence
that crops generally promise well. In parts of
Maine, where there was little snow in the winter,
grass is said to be thin, and the crop probably will
be light. Tbe same is true of Massachusetts.
The weather for the last fifteen days, however, has
been very favorable to the growth of grass, and
prospects are better than they were two or three
weeks ago. Corn is rather backward, but will be
none llie less productive for that, if the remainder
of the season is favorable. The frosts have done
no general horm in this vicinity. — Ed. N. E. F.

41 t

NEW ENGLAND FARMER,

AM) IIORTICUl.Tt'llAI. REGISTER.

BofTO!<, VV'EUNKsriAr, June 2!), I84C.

CLOSK OF VOLUME XX.

Willi tlii» niitiibff »H f lo'ie a volimip. Il is twenty
yctrs linci" Mr F«-senili-n b. ;;iin to •end out tlii.i weekly
nic»sBii(.'pr In the r.irnii'r'i' firesides. Il has been a tncs-
■eiiger cnr'ying m-wt of ihc vnluiibli' disioveiiis and re-
«ul!!i III ngriciilliire. Murli tint wan of no worth, il may
be, linx been iiiingtled willi llio vnliinblc — but wilh nil
ila iiiilierfeciiong, this p.'ipnr b,i9 done a good work — it
bus scutier.d li^ht, awakiined in<|niry and kin.lb d z-'til.
In II poid cause it lias been « fteailyand effirient labo.
rer. Surli certainly it waa ns long na ils originator lived
and inadi! it bear abroad the dictates of his windnm, pru-
dence and wit. What it is now and will be in fuiure,
nilier< must judge.

The Index for vol. IX , will be forwarded with the
next number.

JIISK 29, IS J a.

HAYING.

We gnve a long ariicio upon this subject last year.
Willi we then s'lid is probably forgotten. At hast, ice
liave forgotten in what form we presented our opinions
and idvice, and presume that Iho substunce i» not re-
membered by our readers.

The Scyllir.—'Vbia is the first tool to be used in the
operation, and the iinportancir of having good ones, is
•uUicieiit to justify the throwing aside forihwiih such ae
are either too soft or too hard to take or to hold a cood
edge. The operatiofi of ciiilini; the grass well, though
a pleasant one on smooth hinds wilh a fnir crop, is yrt
laborious enoush and slow enough with the best tool ;
but with a poor one it is wearing to both body and
per. eihoiild one Inne to go to the grind^Uine seven or
night exlia times in the course of the i-eason, in conse.
qiicnie of having a poor scythe, he will in that way
lose the cost of a new one ;— in the extra whetlings and
the lessening of dispaich in his work. In- will soon lose
«he co-t of another. It is nol certain that a new one
will be a good one, but if Iho one you have is ni t good,
buy, and try your luck. We know not that anyone
kind is to ho preferred to others ; but last year we pur
ehoscd llie coj/ »((!./. ind had very good luck. Thene
oonie a liltia higher than oihcis, but if we saved two
grindin<>s upon each, and wo think we did four, then
th« difference is olreiidy made up to us.

Lettho hoy— lie l.'arner— have a srytlie that will cm
IPS//. It is barbarous to set biin, with his want of skill
and want of slreng'.h, to work with a dull tool. He
nteita a better scyilie than the man docg.

liakts and Forkt —Have enough oflhum and in (lood
order.

Il'm'ons nnd Carls.— Fix some kind of hay rigging lo
«« miuy as your barnflonr ways will hold, if you ha»c
•o many i for a spare cart, when a aliowcr is eominf;.
will often enabU )ou lo secure a load of dry hay, that
would gel wet, if you must wait lo unload what is al-
ready in the barn, before jou ran loud.

[The Ihrte Itahr.—TU'i* is a valuable implement
whore much liay is In be mode— us hnoie il is— fur we
have worked with it, or after il, four or five aumrneis,
and know Ihal il eircil.s its work wilh ereat dispatch ;
p«rli'-iiUily iH It valuable in raking into winr iw the
thick and heavy hny Unit was cm in the morning : an
acre may be rnked in about half an hour ; labor is saved,
• nd inueh ••rength is sated Our acquaintance is wilh
Ih'j fiarolrin; horse-rako, which cois about $10 ; and

every man who has ten acres of ground to rai-e, where
this implement will work, should have one for use.
And it may be worked, by skilful hands, on fields that
are not level or smooth. Even where there are some
rocks and stumps, il may bo used to advantage. We
»i|« safe in saying that where three men are employed
in hay making, they will save an hour's work to each,
every afternoon, by this implement. Not «o much as
Ihat, until some one of them ling learned lo hold il wilh
I skill— for at first he will hnnglo some and may break
I teeth— but with a steady horse that moves >lnw, he will
in a few hours " get ihe bans ofil," and then ihore will
be no trouble, even if the horso should walk fast.
[ Hours of IVorlt.—" Make hay while iho sun sliinea."
Vou may mow in the cool of the morning and evening;
but you must stir and turn up your hay busily, under
the holiest sun of summer's hottest noon day. One
hour's work then, is worth more than two at inornin<7
oreveniii;r forA«i/-7nr,/«'n^. We have met wiih squibs
in the papers advi.sing farmers lo do thoir having in fhe
cool i.f the day, and rest in tlic shade while the sun
shines liolleKt. Nonsense ! — work hardest while the
sun helps you most.

•We had prepared some farllier remarks upon mailers
connected wilh haying, which ore .Icferred to give place
10 other mailer.

THE HORSE. HAKE— DY ONE WHO HAS
USED IT.

Milton, June Z'tlh, 1842.
or Sir — An experience of three yearg
ig Horse-Rake," confirms me in the

exhihiifd the larpcstand most .splendid bouquet evi r wi
nessed in the rooms— n Irue type of the bold, open, an
generous manner in which ll.cy conduct their afr»ir^|»'
Mr Carter, of the Botanic Garden, Camhririae ; D
Howard, Brookline; .Mr Meller, Roxhury ; Mr' llove_.|i2i
Roxbury, were among the contrib<itors. Tliey were a!
too respectable to notice a preference —'111 ro npp.-ar
lo he an im reused interest felt in these exhibitioiig. ThifcS
shows arc more gorgeous and visitors more nuineiouT
than usual. — ComnunicaUd.

KXIIIBITIOR or ri.OWKRS.

Mr Putiiam— Di-
ilh the " Revolvir

Snturday, June 25, 1843.

The exhibition today was one of H,c best of ihe sea-lm
son. -I he roses were shown in great vi.r.elv and beauty
A fine elleciioo from fhc President oi the t^ocjety, ni.
offered for premiijiu, embraced some superb new kind*

A large bouquet of IVonies, from Messrs. Winship;
was also greall. nilinired '^'

We only retm t ihat it is impossi ile. from want ot "
rooin, lo noliee many of the flower, exhibited.

From the President of ihe Society, a gr.ai variety al *
Roses, together wilh Paionies; Ueui'zia acabra; Soirna =
japonica, Ae. ' *^ ""

From J A. Kenrirk, Ro.«es in sixly varieties; four
kinds of IVoiiies; Azalias, &c. &c.

From U. Meller, some elegant seedling Geraniumi.
Tansies. Ac. '

From S. R. Jol.nson, hardy and tender Roses, in creat
Tandy. ^

From Messrs Winship,by E. A. Story- Roses, Pa:o.
nies, cut Howers. Ac.

From B V. French, Roses.

From .\ Kenrick. Rosis. in variety ; lloiievs.nklea;
Purple Beech : lour kinds of Pteonici, an.l cia flowers

From J. I.. I,. F. Warren, Dahlias ; Geraiiiims ; Cac-
tus; Verl.eiios. and niher flowers.

Froin A. Bowditch, hardy and tender Roses, of seve-

opinion liefore expressed to yon. that il is the cheapest I "''J''"''''m ., ,

and most useful implement with which modern invenlion r'Z ' ,"''"": ^"""-J'''"'^- «"«•'■

ha, presented the farmer. U i,h pro, nanagemJn" Li^'TRJ-rVa:""::: H;:;S^,^k^ =i:"^ ''"''' "^ '^^

and there is no difTicully in managing it, it does its
work well, raking clean and rapidly in b.lh light and
heavy gras.< I never yet saw a crop in which it could
not ho used wilh advantage. With il, a man and boy
will perliirm the ordinary labor of five or six men, and
vt'nh less futi'.'ue lo Ihe holder Ihnn is caused by hand-
raking. 'I'he first limo that we tried it, fhaving never
seen it used.) we rakeil one nnd a half acre in fifty mi-
nutes, in what is consideied in this vicinity a rocky
piece of ground. And here I would s.ny Ihal the com-
mon op'nion thai it can be used only on land that is en-
tirely free from rocks, is erroneous. In sprcadin" the
grass, we leave the rocks uniovcred, and the boy who
rides, points them out. They are nvoideij by raking I
around them or lifiing the rako over them ; and it is so '
cnnstrueled that, should it meet with any obstruction, it
can ho immediately turned by raising the handles and
thus escape injury. The damage ■■.stained in three
years has not exceedeil twenlv five cents. And ihc cost
o( the rako (in case of a sudden slinwei,^ has been often
saved iu one day. Reepcctfully, yotirs, &c.

SIMEON PALMER.

MASS. HORTICULTIIUAI. SOCIETY.
The exhibiiion of Roses, PiDonies and other flowers
at the rooms on Saturday last, was truly splendid. On
no occasion, a this season of Ihn year, do we reeolloci so
fine a display. The day was pleasani, and th,. gay and
fair were oul in llieir best atliie, and .oniiniierl to ihron;;
Ihe roimis quite to the close ol the exhil ilion. I'he eon"
Iribiilors went numerous. Anioi.g i|,e principal, we
noticed a fine display from the President, M. P. \Vilder ;
S. R. Jolin-on, of t;bHrleitowii ; Benj. V. Frenih,
llrainlrei. ; Azil Bowditch, R.xburv ; John A. Ken'
r rk and Wm. Kenrick, Newton ; J. I,. L. F. Warren,
and Messrs. Winsliip, Brighu.n. The Messrs. Winship'

Roses, from F. W. Macondry.

Pinks, from S. Walker.

B'uqiieis from l)r 11. ward, \V. Kerriek. \V. Metier
Ilovey&Co, Mi^isest^uniner, J. Hovey, S.Walker
J. L.. L.. r. Warren, and others.

KXIIIBITION OF FRUITS.

Early Virginia Strawberries, from 0:is Johnson, of
Lynn.

From M. P. Wilder, Dorcliesler; Methven Castle
Slra IV berries.

Friim lion. Elijah Vose, Dorchester ; Iwohoxes .M. i i.
vcn Cas'le Slrawberrics- very Inige an.l fuel* eoh... ,1

From Francis Bigelow, Medford ; a fine specimen of
Methven Castle and Warren'g seedling Strawberries,
mixed.

From Messrs Hovey, Cnmbridgcpori ; Hovey '« Seed-
linir Strawberry- specimen not so good us in years past.

From J. L. L. F. Warren, lirighion; n fine specimen
of his.-icedling Strawberry and Enily Royal George

From Dr Howard, Brookline; Bla. k lliimburg. Mil-
lers Borgiindy and U bile Chasselas Grapes— berriri
large, line color.il and fine flavoied.

Fr< ni J. F.

, Salem ; Royal George Clingstnna
and Admirable Penrbes, ami .Monlj-omerv Cli
The Peaches were ero '"

Mies.

since

I'hey were of

gomer
'ere grown in pots, sml have" had
Ihe season would permit, open ciillurH
fine appearance and delicious in flavor.

For the Con.niillee, BENJ. V. FRENCH

FxniniTioN or vegftabi rs.
By Dr J. C. H.ward ; Early Dwaif Pea,
Imperial and lioyal Cape Letloco.
From Col Perkins ; (,'iicuinbcrs.
By A. Bowdiich; Rhubaib.
By J. L. L. F. Warren ; Early Peas — very good «|.e.

extra fine.

I eas — very good sp
SA.ML'ELPOMJ.

THE PEACH TREE WORM.
(TTWe would invite attention tn the ncc.Minl vvbich
we publish lodav from Mr Holt, as to Ins manner of
preservini: pead, trees from the worm ilr.l prev« at the
ro..t. His method seems to us highly valuabl. — and we
sec nol why il may not be used to check Iho action of
Ihe borer around apple trees.

\ OI,. X X, M). Xi.

A N D H 0 K T I C U L T L' R A L R f: G I S T E R .

11.5

MASSAC ilUSKTTS HORTICULrOUAL SOCIKTY.

OlMMITTCK* «K|-OBT.

Til- f'liiinil.'c ii(>|K)mioil lo fxainiiie llie Uo^cs exhilulrd
or I ri'ini.iin. ro(*>rl.

Thill >.iiiuiil It. Jnhiiwn of Ch.irlMtown n eollll»>l In thr
•I |ii< iiiiiMii lor l-roi ilixpluy ol Ciiiiia Ku>r^, aiui Ai>A\
iuwillii'h.lhi' .'il prrmiiiin lnr fecoiid lent.

Knr ilio boM uo liarvly iiuscs lire! pruiinuiii to Samuel R.
ohnvoii.

Kur iho (rfoiid l>v>l SO, srcond prrinitim tu Jciliii A. Ken-
irk

Kur ilic ihitd li«»l tV, ihir.l urcmiiim lo Airll Bowiliich.
Wil K iJAKIKll,
JUSKI'H BRtCK.

Thf Coinmillfc <pp<>iiii<-tl to award the premiums for the
est ili.pl.i) of rttimirs, dcciile

Thni Wm. t'. farter, of Botanic Garden, is entitled to ihe
rat, and .Mosrs. Winships ti.e secoml.

J0>K1'H BRliCK,
JunaJ.-, 1842. SAMUKL It. JOirNSO.V

llAS-^ACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETV.
A s'l.^ted meeting of the Society will be liilil at the rooin<
Treiiionl Row, on AMturday, Juiy 2d, :it 11 o'clock, A. iM.

F.8EN. WIGHT
June 29. Jire. Scc't/-

TIIER.MO.MKTRICAL
ReiHirledlor the New Eiielunu Karmrr.
Ringcif the riieimometerat the (;.irilenof llie proprietors
llii .\tw England Farmer, Ilrighton, Mi*». in a nhadcd
ori le.ly eximnure, for the weeks ending June 19 und 26.

June, 1S^2

|5A

cndtv,

13

i

urs.ldv.

M

1

e.ln->.lay,

15

f

iiir^day,
il.iv.

IE
17

I

iiur.lav,

IS

6

>n>l>\.

19

6

oiiday.

2ii

6

leMluy,

21

S

cliuvlay.

2i

(■

.rjrsday,

23

C

idav,

24

6

tur.iay,

25

6

nday,

26

7

I5A..M. I 12, .M. I T.f.M. | Wind.

?•» I 64 I W.

69 I £4 I S2 I

7U I 80

90 I

s.
s.

s. w.
s.
w.

N.
N- E.

vv.

S. E.
N. W.
E.
W.

Ut.HH/.\ .MAKKKT Mo.mjat, June 1)7, 1642.

Krlinnedriirlhe .New England Finnrr.
At .M:,rliei 220 Ueef Cattle, 16 pairs Working oxen,

Ci.ws and Calve.s, 1500 Siicep and 140 Swine,
i'l.ic IS — lUcJ C'utlle. A small advance was realized.
e quote a lew extra $5 To a (i 00. Fiist quality,

50. Sici.nd quality, ^5 00 asj 25. 'Jliird qualjly,

GO a 5 00.
H'urkinir Chen — Sales 75, 85, and $U0.
Cou-s and Cahes. Sales 22, 24, 25, 27, and $29.
Sherji. LiN including Lambs (lom 1 25 lo §2 25.
iuiiie. —All at market were small pigs and were sold

5 und 5 1-2.

WIIOLE.SALB PRICES CURRENT.

Corrected u ith great care, wceklij.
^EEDS Herds Urass, $i 75 lo 3 OU per bushel Red Top,
• > io cents, f.'lover— Aorlhern, U to IJc— Souilieru, S
L. Hax Seed, Sa 00 per bushel. Lucerne, 23 c.per lb.
ry Seed, tj Ou a 6 00 per bushxl.
iKilN. The niarkci has been pretty firm duiing the
ick, noi«iih>tandiug the heavy arrivals, prices having
ied not more than oue ur two cents jier bushel for all de-
iplions of grain-

;orn— .Northern, old, bushel 6J to 63— Southern, round
low, ol I, 61 a 62 — Souiliern tlal yi-llow, new, 59 a 60—

do white do. 57 a 38— liarley — a Rye, Northern,

> :o —do. Southern, — a 65 -Oats, Southern, 37 a 40—
■Ihvrii do. — to 40— Beans, per bushel 75 a I 6u.— Shorts,
doui le bush J5 a 40— bran, 25.

LULU. 1 be past week has been oue of great dullness
an? the Kiour dealers, and prices have been generally de-
ing.

3altinnore, Howard Street, 4 raos. or. 86 12 a 0 M lio.

Ill, So uo a — do. Iree of garlic, »6 12 a Phjla-

.ihi:i dr,. 4 mo>. t5 87 a 6 UO — l''rederKksl<urg, lowi'd 4
eO uu a ti 12 —Alexandria, whail inounluin, — 6 no a
Ueirguiown, »6 25 a 6 50- Riciiuioud Canal, f6 12 a—

—do. Cily, 16 7.'<:i lion— IVlersliuiKh, South tide It6 50a —
-do. Counirr 16 no a « 12 -(ienr»ve, cominnii, ca»h, 16 no a
6 18— do lai'uv biaiuli «il 18 8 6 20— Ithin via Cnnal
•5 '5 a 5 87 -do no New Url< niik, cnsh 40 no a 0 nu. Rye,
a 7.-> a 4 OJ-ln.h.ri .Meal in bbl>. ij uu a J 12.

rilOVISlONS. The private opiTutioni have in some
niciMire been governed by the public sales ■ and prices ol
I'uik are ngain lower. Lard continue! in nclive demayd tt
6cis per lb.

Keel- iMets, 4 no. new blil. ('.lOO a 9 25- Nnvy— 17 SO a
8 00— iNo 1, tr 00 I 0 00— do I'riliic »1 60 u 6 oil— I'ork—
Extra c ear, 4 iiii.. bbl. Hioso all' 0— do Clear 410 a l''26
-do Me-s 7 00 a 8 00 — do I'riine tO 00 a 6 O'l— do Mess
Iroin othrir Stairs — a —.—do I'riiiio do do «j 00 n 6 50

— do Car(;o do do — a Clear do do 810 no a 10 60 -

Hullcr, shipping 0 a II — do store, uiiiiiN|N.<cted, 10 a 14— do
dairy, 15 a 17.— Lard, No. 1, lirsion ins 6 a 6 I -2 —do
South and Wesler'i, 0 -■ — HanH, lioslon. 7 a 7 1-2 —do
Southern and VVcstcrn, 0 a 7— Cheese, Ship'g and 4 meal,
6 a 8— do new milk, 'J a 10.

WOOli. Duty. The value whereof at the place of ex
I irlatioii shall not exceed 8 cts. per pound, free. All where-
I I the vii ue exceeds b cts. per pound, 32 per ct. ad. val. and
4 CIS pet pound.

Tho market for ihis article is in a quiet slate ; sales are
made lo nicel llie immediate demands of the manufacturers.
Wool of the new c ip has not come into market to any ex-
tent. We do not learn that much wool of the present shear-
ing has changed hands.

I'rime or Saxony Fleeces, washed, lb. 44 a 46 c. — Aner-
ican full blood <lo 40 a 42— Do. 34 do .'i7 a 40— Do. 1-2 do
33 a 35 -1-4 anil common do 30 a 31 — Smyrna Sheep,
washed, 20 a 25 — Do. unwashed, 10 a 13 — Bengasi do
8 a 10 — Saxony, dean, — Buenos Ayres unpicked, 7 a 10 —
CO. do. picked, 12 a 16— Siipertinc Noriherii pulled lamb 35
0 38— No. 1 do. ilo. do. 32 a 34— No. 2 do ao do 21 a 24-
No. 3 do do do 12 a 15.

HOPS. Duty 20 percent.

The accounts from England are very unfavorable for the
growing crop in that country, and ihe duty had fallen to
i," 100,000.

1st sort, Mass. IS41 per lb 10 a 00. — 2d dodo do 9.

HAY, per ton, S19 lo22-Eastern Screwed Sl4 to 16

CHEESE— Shipping and 4 meal, 6 to 8c.— New 9 to 10.

EGGS, (2 a 16.

REVOLVING HORSE RAKE.

This is one of the most usetui and labor saving machines
now in use. One man and a horse with a boy to lead, will
rake on an averase from 26 to 3il acres per day, with ease
aud do ibe work well There is a great advantage in this
rake overall oiliers,as ihe person using it docs noi have lo
stop llic horse to unload ihe rake. For'sale by J BRECK

too.. No. 52 North iMarketsl.

May 22.

DAHLIAS.

For sale at the Agricultural Warehouse, No. 52 North
Market sireei, a larg-! assorlment of Doulde Dahlias of Ihe
finest varieties. JC'SEPH BRECK &. CO.

Boston, May 3, 1842.

DAHLIA I'OLKS.

JOSEPH BRECK t CO., orter for sale looo superior
Dahlia Poles, with the bark pealed oti, in bunoles of too, or
by the dozen. Boston, May 3, 1842.

POL'nilETTK.

For sale 200 narrtls Pouilreilc, at 82 per bnrrel, bv J.
BRECK ic CO, 51 and 52 North Market St., Coston.
May 13.

M-.i.n M(\\ i-.a.

In uaiiii; lliis inacliinp, tlm farinrr may br octtain that
Ilia arod i« put into llip ground, and nl the aamn lime
in the best poaiibb- m.inner. 'I'liere Inn been a (jreal
'liflicnlty ill Miai'hincs lor aowinir gnrden ».'ed» ; llioy
art! very npt lo ciojj up, and ilio rmmer iiii|;lit go over on
ncro ol land and not sow a single seed; but not sowilh
Ibis; it is so conslriicicl ibat it canii«t possibly rliifi.
In usin^T this now er, the farmer ran save one half »f
liis seed, and do Ibe work at less iban onii quarter Ihe
expense of the comiiion way of sowing, and lia/e it
done ill a mnch b.'iler manner; il opi-ns llic fnnow,
drops ihii sped, covers il over and rolls Ibi-iii down.
It will sow any kind of harden S.-(mN ; nay Riita Itnga,
Mangil Wunzil, Turnips, (.'arrots. IJeels. Piirsiiips, On-
ions, i^c For sale at tliu New England Agm nlmrnl
Warehouse and Seed Store, Nos. 5! and 52 North Mar-
ket street, by JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

HOWARD'S IMPROVED EASY DRAUGHT PLOUGH.

Great improvements liave been niaile the past year in the
form and workmanship oi these Ploughs; the mould biard
has been so formed as to lay tke furrmo romptetely oocr^
turning- in crcri/ particle of g-rassor stubble, anJienring the
ground in thr best possible manner. The length of the
mould board lias bi n very much increasci, so that ihe
Plough works Willi the greatest ease, both wiih respect to
the bolJjng and the team. The Coinmitlee at the late liml
of Ploughs at Worcester, say,

" Slioulil our opinion be asked as lo which of Ihe Ploughs
we should prefer (or use on a farm, we might oerhaps say lo
Ihe inquirer, if your land is mostly light and easy to work,
try I'routy i, Mears, but if your land is heavy, hard orrucl.y,
DKOIN WITH Mr. HowAno's.''

.At Ihe aliove me-.!:oiied irial the Howard Plough did
more vork , teith Ihe same paver of team, than any alitor
plough exhibited. No other turned more ihan Iwentyso.'cu
and one half inches, lo the 112 lbs. draught, while the
Hnieard Plough turned Ixcentynine and one half inches, t9
the same power of team ! All acknowledge thai Howonl'a
Ploughs arc much the strongest and most substantially
made.

There has been quite an improvement made on the shoe,
or land side ol this Ploui;h, which can be renewed willioui
having lo furnish a new Hind.siilu this shoe likewise secui»«
ihe mould board and landside together, and sircnglheus tlie
Plough v.-rv much.

The price of the Ploughs is from 86 lo 815. A Ploneh,
sulTicienl for breaking up with four cattle, will cost aboni
8,0 60, and with culler $1, with wheel and cutter, 82 68
exira.

The above Ploughs are for sale, wholesale and retail, at
ihe New E>gland Agricultural Warehouse aud Seed SloK,
Nos. 51 & 52 North Market Street, by

JOSEPH BRECK & CO.

April 20

LACTO.VlKTERS-a simple instrum.nl f.,r i.-.tinf
the quality of milk. For sale by J BRECK & CO.

SOl'TIIHOWN STOCK.

For sale by the subscriber at ibe foot of Atwell's Avenue
in the city of Piovideuce, one imported Southdown Buck,
Six Kwes and four Lambs. The above are of the pureM
blood, and second to none in the coui>try.

June 8. 8w JOHN GILES.

416

NEW ENGLAND FARMER

Jl'NB -40. 18-12.

MISCELLANEOUS

DASH TO THE FLOOR THAT BOWL.

Br REV. J. PIEHI'O.VT.

Diish to the floor thut howl !
Dttre riot its swi-el?' to sip
Tlirre 's peril to llii- sniil,
Ifoiice it tiiucli iln'ii|).
Why will ye ilrowii
The G.mI wiihiii?
Avoiil the sjii I
Ay, flush it down !

Once to the exile<l John

A poisoned cup w»s liron<;ht.
The bearer hjid withdrawn ; —
The siiinl, hy iin;;els (uuglit,
ti.iw, o'er ii.i brim,
An ii.xp'd head rise,
Whose liurning eyes
Were fixed on him.

So Truth, hy whose bright Iiiiiza

Is mmiy a scriet sin
Revealed, in these our days

Haih tuu<;lit us, that, within
That narrow s|)an,

The wine-cup's grasp,

There lives an asp,
There dies a man !

Then let no fire be brought,
In Quillet, glass, or bowl,
Within -'the dome of ihouiiht,
The palace of the soul ;"
Lest, in that fire
Of burning drink.
That palnce sink,
That soul e.\pire.

Should God, in wrath, ordain

A universal dearlli,
What need he rio, but rain
On all thisgieen, glad earth,
From rionrly urns,
The curse that tills
Our vats and stills.
That blights and burns P

Snve U!i from such a showor,

(iod of the eastern bow !
That pledge of love and power,
What bends, what paints it go ?
That bow in air

'Tis light that bends,
Heaven's light, tiiaC blonds
With water there.

Let light on water shine, —

The lix'ht of love ami truth !
Then shall that drink divine
Bo rpiHlfeil by Age and Youth :
And, as that bow

Dolli heavenward bend,
Shall heavenward tend
-The way they go.

JlnecJote of lite Ore;/ Si/uirrel A recent ex-
ploit of one of these sfiriglitly and sharp-witted
liltlo creatures, tins so niucli interested and sur-
prised nie, as cxiiibiling passions so human, and a
ssgacity and power of reasoning so unlooked for
in Iho animal, llinl I am mduced to give it to the
public through llio medmin of your paper.

The sipiirrel in c]uestinii, having been taken
Tcry young, Ind become as familiar and tamo as a
kitten, and up to the tioio of the act by which he
sacrificed his hoaic for the gratificaliun of his re-

sentments, had ever shown himself os harmless as
playfid. On the day of the incident about to be |
related, his ownc-r had some company, whom he !
was treating «itli cracked walnuts; when, as was |
custcMiiniy witli him on such occasions, he threw |
one down to his pet, wliich was thankfully received
and speedily devoured. Tlie man then, by way of
amuhjng himself and company, sebclcd a promis-
ing looking mit-shcll, from which the meat had
been removed, and placed it before his C-xpectanl
but imsuspicious little nut-loving friend. The
squirrel, having never been imposed up<m before
by any trick of tiie kind, confidently look up the
empty shell and examined it, and then let it fall
with evident manifestations of disappointment.
The expermient was repealed. This was too much
for the equanimity of his sqijirrclship. No sooner
did he discover that the sccrmd shell thus insult-
ingly iilTered him was, like the former one, desti-
tute of the expected treat, than, with an angry
glance at the aiilhur of the trick, he sprang up,
seized liim by the thumb, and bit it through lo the
bone. As if conscience smitten, at what he had
done, and sensible of the act to himself, he instant-
ly relinqui.'ihed his hold, and retreated to an open
window; when, after turning round and giving a
parting look at the friends and home he seemed to
think he had thus forfeited, he immediately, though
no punishment had been offered him, took his
course for the nearest woods, from which ho has
never returned. — Franklin (Fl.) Messenger.

" Dem's 'em." — A pious old negro, while sayinu
grace at the table, not only used to ask a blessing,
on all he had upon his board, hut would also peti-
tion to have some deficient dish supplied. One
day it was known that Cato was out of potatoes,
and suspecting lie would pray for the same at din-
ner, a wag provided himself with a small measure
of the vegetables, and stole under the window near
which stood the table of Cato. Soon the good
man drew up a chair and commenced : " O, inassa
Lord I will dow in dy provident kindness conde-
scend to brcss cbory ting before us; and be pleas

to stow on us a few taters — and all de praise"

[Hern the potatoes were dashed upon the table,

breaking plates, and upsotling the mustard pot.]

"Dem's 'em, massa Lord!" said Calo, looking up
with surprise, " only jist luff 'em down leetle easier
next time." — Exch. paper.

Mnlrimonifil .llnecdnte. — The Rev. Mr O , a

clergyman of Maine, relates the fidlowing anecdote.
A couple came to him lo get "spliced." After
the knot was tied, the bridegroom addressed him
with —

" Wnl, mister, I 'spose you want leelle some-
thing for this job : — llow much do you ax .'"

"Why," replied the clergyman, "[generally
take whatever is offered me — sometimes the amount
is more, and sometimes less. 1 leave it to the
bridegroom."

" Wol — but I want to know what's about the
fair, ginral, axing price," replied the happy man.

" I have just said," returned the clergyman, " that
I left il to the decision of the bridegroom. Some
give mo ten dollars, some five, some three, some
two, some one, and some only a quarter of a dollar."

" A quarter !" said the bridegroom, his eyes
sparklin,' wiUi joy at tlio thought — " Wol, by lio-
kcy, that's us reasonable as a body could ax.
Lei me sec if I 've got a quarter."

He commenced fumbling his pockets, but not
sixpence could he find.

" Dang it," said he, "I thought I hud som
change with me — but I recollect now, it's in toth
tronsers pocket. Harnah, have you got sich
thing as a quarter about ye.-"

" Mt ."' said the bride, with a mixture of slism
end indignation. "I'm astonished at ye, lo comi
here to he married without a cent of money to pa
for it! If I hi^d known it afore, 1 wouldn't com
a step with ye — that I would n't."

" 'T is rather a hard case — but consider Harnal
we are married now," said tho bridegroom in
sr'othing tone, ''and it can't be helped. If yoi
have got such a thing as a quarter" , .

" Here, take it," interrupted his angry briile, h'i
during this speech had been feeling in her woii
bag, '■ and d<- n't you," said she, with a significaq
shake of the finger, " serve me another sich a trick?
— StlecUd.

An Irishman, recommending a cow, said bI{
would give milk year after year, without liav
calves, because il ran in the breed, as she came
a cow thnt never had a calf.

t

GRt KN'.S PATKNT SI RAW CI TTEP.

.'OSEPH BRECK & CO. ai Ihe New England \,-. -iil
lura' Warehouse and Seed Store Nos. r.l nndPa i\or:,i .M,ir
kel S^lroel, liave tor sale, Green's Patent Si jw, i:,. . nu
Sla'k Culler, operating on a mechaiiiccl prinriple nei I . Ii
aiqilieil to aay implement fnrlliis purpose. The nlo^! | mm
inenl elfecis of Ihis uppliealinn, and some of the reiiM ijie i:
pcc'iliarities of the luachiiu- are:

I So groui a reduction of ihe quantum ol power recpimi
lo u.se it.llial ihc slreiiglli of a half grown hoy is sutlu leu
10 work it elHeieiilly.

2. With even i his mndcrnlc power, il easily cut* l«.i I u^li
els a ininnie, which is full twu-c as fnsl as has been ihiien i
hy any odicr machine even when worked hy borse or .s'.i-iii
power.

3. The knives, owing lo ine peculiar manner in whirhHiiv
cut, renuire sharpening less ofiea than those ol any olUci
straw caller,

4. Tlie machine i» simple in its construction, made and pw
to*5elhor very slroti:;ly. Il is therefore nol so bol-le a> the
coiiqihcotcd niuthines in general use lo get out ol order.

DAHLIA AND BKAN POLES.

500 dozen Dniilia aod Beun Poles; also, 600 Spruce PoIm
12 to G.I letl III liiigih, lur sale l.y MOSliS FRENCH J«.,
Maine wharf, near the hotlom of Summer si,

June I, 18)'-!. 3w

SV,N DIALS,
Jusl received a f^w of Sheldon & Mo'^re's, Sun Dialt, ■
VI ry n- at and useful article for Ihe purpn>c of giving llie iiin«
"I diiT in ihe enrden (T fiehi. Price 7 5 cenls. Knr solely
J, UUECK fy CO., No 51 and 52 North Market St.

Sept 1.

NEW i; N G L A N 1) F A R M K R .

A WEKKLT P*PEn.

Terms, $2 per year in orfrunre, or J2 OJ ifnei paid
within lliirly days.

N, IL — I'ostiiinslifrs are perniitted by law to frnfik ill
uohscriptions nnd remlllnncca for newspapers, wiiliotl
exppnss lo ■iihscribcrs.

Tl'TTLE AND DE.N.NETT, FKINTEnS.

DEC JSfi9