LIBRARY OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE Preservation photocopied with funds from the Barbara Lubin Goldsmith Library Preservation Fund Science Q 11 ^-^4- .C9 18:2 TRANSACTIONS OF THE INECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Incorporated A. D. 1799 VOLUME 18, PAGES 209-224 OCTOBER, 1913 New England Spiders Identified since 19 lo BY J. H. EMERTON M YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVfiN, CONNECTICUT TRANSACTIONS OF THE CONNECTICUT ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES iNCORrORATKn A. D. ITDO VOLUME 18, PAGES 209-22* OCTOBER, 1913 New England Spiders Identified since 1910 BY J. H. EMERTON M YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT 1913 ^^ " Llyi^o^-^u C>C{tQ^. ^~ z.y~ I ( C ^ WElMAk : PRINTED liY R. WAGNER SOHN New Enclanu Spiders iDENiiFiEn since 1910 HY J. H. Emerton. The following paper is a continuation of those published at various times in these Transactions and mentions 23 species of spiders found or identified since the printing of my " New Spiders from New England " in Trans. Conn. Acad. June 1911, eighteen of which are new. Twelve of these are described from only one or two specimens some of which have been a long time undescribed in my collection. Among the others Epeira Einertoni, Glyptocranium cornigerum and Lycosa funerea are well known a little farther south and Cercidia prominens is a European species previously noted from Franconia by N. Banks. Ent. News, 1894. Among the new species Lopho- carenum bicarinatum has a peculiar form of the head and L. coriaceum lias an unusual development of the hard parts of the abdomen. Bathyphantes furcatus is a very distinct species from the Sand- wich Mountains and B. duplicatus from Mt. Katalidin is the nearest relative to the little known B. subalpina Em. Trans. Conn. Accad. 1882. Ulesanis scrrata is described from an imperfect specimen and its relations arc uncertain as are those of Areoncus littoralis and Dipoena pallida. Tlieridium maxillaie. now 3 mm. long. Ceiihalolliorax and legs pale yellow, the abdomen whiter than in the other species of Tlieridium. The cephalothorax lias three narrow longitudinal black lines. The abdomen has a wide white stripe in the middle, deeply notched at the sides and not, as in most sj)ecies, narrowed toward the front. The white area is broken by translucent lines following in the middle the line of the dorsal circu- lating vessel. The crenate edge of this area is marked by a dark line made up of black spots of irregular size which extend down the sides of the abdomen with one larger spot to each lobe of the middle stripe. The legs are faintly ringed with brown at the end of each joint and in the middle of tibia and metatarsus. The sternum is pale in the middle and brown behind and at the sides. The labium is also brown. The base of the maxillae extends sidewise as a blunt tooth under the coxa of the first leg. The palpal organ has the basal j)rocess large and sickle-shaped, with a sharp point extending outward and for- ward nearly to the end of the palpus. The tube crosses obliquely under the basal process and is supported at the end by a short but complicated appendage. Figs, i & i c. PI. I. One male only from low bushes in the large sphagnum bog at Southwest Harbor, Mt. Desert, Me., July i, 1909. Theridiuin cinereiini. new This species is represented by one male only from Wellesley, Mass. It resembles in size and proportions T. murarinm. As in that species, the front legs are moderately long, not as long as in montanum and sexpimdahun. The markings are different from the other species. The cephalothorax is pale, with a small dark marking in the middle, widened toward tlie front but not extending as far as the eyes. At the sides the ceplialothorax is edged with dark. The abdomen is dark gray with the middle band broken into four pairs of whitish curved marks, almost separated from each other. On the under side the sternum is pale, without markings, and the abdomen is pale, with graj' spots around the spinnerets and the lung openings. The legs are pale, without rings or spots, and only slightly darker toward the tips and toward the ends of the joints. The male palpi are short /. H. Emerton, New England Spiders Identified since 1910. 213 and resemble most nearly those of 7". muraritim. There is a con- spicuous dark spine near the outer and upper edge of the tarsus, and the tube is partly hidden between this and a soft pale appendage in the middle of the pal]ial organ. Figs. 2, 2a, 2b. PL I. Dipoena buccalis, Keyseiling, Spinn. Americas, 1886. Dipoena buccalis. Banks, Nearctic Spiders, 1910. An inniiature female is 2 mm. long with the abdomen nearly spheri- cal and the cephalotliorax as high as it is wide, highest just beyond the eyes. In front, the head is concave so that the front middle eyes, which are much the largest, project forward. The cephalo- tliorax is gray, lighter in the middle of the head. The abdomen is pale, marked with gray in a narrow middle stripe and several pairs of transverse spots. The sternum is gray and the under side of the abdomen pale. The legs have the coxa and base of femur pale and the end of femur and patella dark gray; there is also a gray spot on the end of the tibia and less distinctly on the end of the metatarsus. New Haven, Conn. Figs. 3, 3 b. PI. I. Dipoena pallida, new 2 mm. long. Pale with a faint gray middle line on the cephalo- tliorax and gray spots in three rows on the front half of the abdomen. ;riie height of the head is half the length of the cephalotliorax. The front middle eyes extend their diameter in front of the head and are one-half larger than the upper middle eyes. The sternum is as wide as long, and rounded behind. The legs are of moderate length, the first pair only a little longer than the fourth. The male palpi are short, and the palpal organ small and simple. Figs. 4 b, 4 c. PI. I. One male onl}' from Buttonwoods, near Providence, R. I. Ulesanis serrata. new 1.5 mm. long, light yellow brown without markings. The abdomen witli a hard spot that covers the upper surface and hard pieces around the pedicel and around the spinnerets as in several Ceratinella. The head is much elongated forward, carrying the front middle eyes which are of the same size as the upper middle pair. The cephalotliorax is high, but the head is not much elevated. The sternum is as wide as long, and behind, between the fourth coxae, it is half as wide as at the widest part. The maxillae are wide at the base and narrow toward the points. The palpi are broken off apparently before the spider was caught. The first legs are a little thicker than the others 214 /. H. r.mcrton, and have on Ihe nnder side of the femur a single row of small spines, eight on one side and nine on the other. Figs. 5, 5a, 5b. PI. I. A single male with the jjalpi broken off, from New Haven, Conn. Areoqcus littoralis. new 1.5 mm. long, pale and dull in color, without markings except a trace of transverse light si)ots on the gray of the abdomen. The cephalothorax is wide in front and the head is slightly elevated and extended forward in a rounded point beyond the mandibles. The eyes are spreati wide apart, the lateral pairs nearly to the sides of the head. The upper middle eyes are their diameter apart. The front middle pair are the smallest and almost touch each other on the front of the head. Below the eyes the front of the head is covered with scattered hairs that turn upward. The male palpi are short, the tarsus rounded and the tibia widened a little at the end with only a short flat tooth on the upper side. Figs. 6, 6a, 6b. PI. I. Lyme, Conn., Oct. 8, in straw on the edge of the salt marsh. Lophocarenum hartlandianiim. new 1.5 mm. long, pale brown, the males generally darker than females. Head of male slightly elevated with grooves at the sides distinctl}' marked l)y black lines. Just behind the eyes are pits extending inward from the grooves and distinctly visible through the skin as dark markings. The dark lines over the grooves extend forward and unite with black spots behind the lateral pairs of eyes. The male palpi are large and conspicuous, the tibia is twice as long as the patella and is widened at the end where it extends over the tarsus. On the upper side toward the outer corner are two teeth, the inner one recur- ved and sharp. The tarsus is folded over in a sharp ridge and is narrowed toward the end as seen from above Fig. 7 a. The tube of the palpal organ is long and slender, and makes two turns under the tarsus, resting against the ridge on the upper side of the tarsus with the tip between the two teeth on the tibia. Fig. 7. PI. I. The female has no peculiar markings. The epigynum shows a distinct middle lobe with the spermathecae showing through the skin at each side of it. Hartland, Vt. under dead leaves in moist ground, July, 1911. Three Mile Island, Lake Winnepesaukee, N. H., May, 1911. Lophocarenum bicarinatum. new 1.5 mm. long, dark gray. The head of Ihe male is wide and slightly Neiv England Spiders Idenli/icd since 1910. 215 elevated, flie }iigliest j^art being just behind the eyes. Halfway between the lateral and middle eyes are two ridges that converge a little backward and extent! nearly the whole length of the head and in front curve downward toward the lateral eyes. Between the upper middle eyes and these ridges are hairs in a single row turning outward. The front of the head below the eyes is rounded and projects only slightly beyond the front middle e3'es. If the head is turned down the projection below the eyes disappears and the rows of hairs at the sides of the upper middle eyes become more distinct. The malepalpi have the tibia the same length as the patella, a little widened at the end, with a pointed process on the upper side slightly curved downward at the tip. The parts of the palpal organ are small and simple. Figs. 8, 8 a. PI. I. Two males only under leaves in the woods on Mt. VVhiteface, N. H., Aug. 9, 1911. Lophocaienlun sylvaticum. new 2 mm. long, light brown, the legs paler and brighter yellow. In the male there is a well-defined hump on top of the head, carrying the upper middle eyes, and with a deep groove on each side as in the head of L. cttneatum. The front of the head below the eyes extends forward in a blunt point beyond the mandibles. The male palpi have the tibia widened at the end and extending in a blunt point over the tarsus. The female is the same size and color as the male. The epigynum has the usual middle lobe and the spermathecae show through the skin each side of it. Figs. 9, 9 a, 9b. PI. I. Several males and females from imdcr leaves on Mt. Whiteface, N. H., Aug. 9, igii. Lophocarenum coriaceum. new 2 mm. long, ilark brown, the legs and palpi a little lighter. The cephalotliorax is widest bcliind and narrows forward with the head and eye area smaller than usual. The abruptly elevated hump carrying the ujiper middle eyes is narrowed toward the front as in L. crenaium and the front of the head is more nearly vertical than in most species. Fig. 10 a. PI. I. The lower part of the face belowthe eyes extends forward over the mandibles. The male i)alpi are short and small. The tibia extends forward in a wide lobe over the tarsus somewhat as in crenaium and latum. Fig. 10 b. The abdomen has an oval hard plate that half covers the dorsal surface. Another hard 216 /. H. Emerlon, plate covers the ventral side and extends far enough to be seen from above on the sides and in front. Fig. lo. These hard plates are rough and covered like the softer areas with fine scattered hairs. The sternum is hard and rough and extends upward between the legs as it does in L. crenattim. One male only from Danbury, Conn., July 19, 1912. Tmeticus multidentatus. new This species resembles 2'. tridentatus and T. irilohalus, but is smaller than either, measuring little over 1.5 mm. in lengtli. The mandibles are strongly toothed on the front with one large tooth on the inner side and a row of five on the outer side, the lower one very small and the one next above the largest of the row. Fig. i. The male palpi are long as in the related species. The patella has a slight spur on the under side at the end. The tibia is much widened and covers the base of the tarsus above and below and the upper projection has a complicated and characterislic shape consisting of a rounded lobe divided by a middle ridge around which it is partly folded. Figs, i, I a, lb. PI. II. Brandon, Vt., Uncanoonuc Mt., N. IL, Monponsett, Mass. Tineticus thoracicus. new 1.5 mm. long, legs and palpi pale, cephalothorax and abdomen both dark gray without markings. Cephalothorax wide behind and narrowed to the eyes in front. The male palpi have the tibia short and much widened toward the end. On the upper side the tibia extends in a long point over the tarsus and on the inner side is a shorter point less than half as long. The mandibles have no tooth on the front. Figs. 2, 2a, 2 b. PI. II. Mt. Mansfield, Vt., July 10, 1911. Tmeticus simplex, new 1.5 mm. long, entirely pale without any markings. Cephalothorax moderately wide and the head but little narrowed. Mandibles with a tooth in front near the end. Male palpi with the tibia short and wide two short teeth on the upper side of nearly equal length. Figs. 3, 3 a, 3 b. PI. II. Middleboro, Mass., Oct. 10, 1909, under leaves. Microneta rotunda, new 2 mm. long, light yellow brown with the abdomen a little darker and grayer. The cephalothorax is nearly as wide and as long as in New England Spiders Ideniijied since igio. 217 M. denticulata. The male palpi are short, the patella and tibia each as wide as long, and without processes. The tarsus is rounded and does not show the usual spur at the base. Tlie tarsal hook is short and stout and curved in a half circle, ending in a point. A sharp ridge extends along the outer side of the hook about half way from the base, and then follows the middle line of the point. On the outer side of the hook where it begins to narrow toward the point is a small tooth. Figs. 4, 4 a. PI. II. One male from Mt. Moosilauke at a height of 2000 ft. under leaves. May 29, 1912. Microneta rectangulata. new 2 mm. long, light orange brown with dark gray abdomen. The mandibles are thickened at the base as in M. viaria, and narrow at the tip with a small tooth on the front just below the thickened part. The palpi have the tarsus comparatively narrow with a very small spur at the base. The tarsal hook is bent at a right angle, the outer portion thickened at the corner, but ending in a thin, wide tip. Figs. 5, 5 a, 5 b. PI. II. Readville, Mass., on a fence in the autumn flight, Nov. 5, 191 1. Bathyphantes duplicatus. new 3 mm. long. Cephalothorax and legs dull yellow without any definite markings except incomplete rings on the ends and middle of the joints of the legs. The abdomen is dark, nearh- covered by trans- verse gray marks united in the middle over the front half. The male palpi have tlie tarsus longer than wide and as seen from above, narrow at the base where are two processes, one short and round on the outer side, and a longer and more slender one on the iinier side. The tarsal hook is large and complicated and curved in a half circle. At its base it is narrow and has a row of stiff hairs and nearest the end of the tibia is a wide short irregular tooth. The more solid part of the end of the hook is widened and irregularly forked and under it is a thinner and translucent branch which extends in an irregular point beyond the forked end. Figs. 6, 6 a, 6 b. PI. II. The Mt. Washington specimen has all the processes of the tarsus and tarsal hook smaller than the one from Katahdin. Mt. Katahdin, Me., 2000 ft., July 6, 1910. Mt. Washington, on the Raymond path, Aug. 2, 1912. 218 /. //. Evierton, Bathyphantes furcatus. new 3 or 4 mm. long. Cephalolliorax 1.5 mm., pale with grav markings. The cephalothoiax has a square spot in the middle, running into an indistinct median line about half the length of the cephalothorax. The abdomen is marked with a broken middle line with several ]>airs of irregular and somewhat broken branches connecting with dark stripes below the middle of each side. The legs are faintly ringed with gray at the ends and middle of the joints. The epigynum pro- jects one-fourth the length of the abdomen. The male palpi have the tarsus half longer than wide. The process at the base of the tar- sus is unusually large and turns upward in a sharp point. Figs. 7b, 7 c. The tarsal hook is wide and short, curved inward at the end and with two short teeth on the outer edge. On the outer side of the palpal organ is a long slender appendage with a shorter slender branch at about the middle. Figs. 7 b, 7 c. PI. II. Passaconaway, N. H. summit, in moss in bogs at 3000 ft. elevation. Mt. Mansfield, Vt. Bathyphantes recurvatus. new 3 nun. long. Cephalothorax and legs pale without any markings. Abdomen with dark gray transverse marks partly connected with a median line at the front end. The male palpi have the tarsus rounded and not much longer than wide, the process near the base is slender and pointed and turned outward toward the tarsal hook. The tarsal hook is wide and long with the point rounded and dark colored and turned upward toward the end of the tarsus. At the inner side of the hook is a sharp tooth similar in shape to the one at the base of the tarsus. Fig. 8. PI. II. Gore Mountain, Norton, \T., Aug. 6, 1912. One male. Epeira emertoni Banks, Nearctic Spiders, Jouni. N. Y, Entomolog- ical Society, 1904. F'emale 6 mm. long, colors flull pale yellow with brown markings resembling in color as well as size E. protnpta and without the bright yellow of E. trivittata. The abdomen, however, is not raised behind as in prompta, but is oval like trivittata. The middle folium does not extend to the front of the abdomen; it has a dark edge with white outside of it, and a dark middle stripe also bordered with white. The depth of color varies. In some individuals it is dark brown with the middle markings (jbscurcd as in the figure, and in some the foUum is pale and lighter than the sides of the abdomen. The under Nezv England Spiders Identijicd since 1910. 219 side of the abflomon has a dark median stripo in whicli is a long light spot. The sternum is dark. The first legs arc one-fourth longer than the second in both sexes. The finger of the epigynum is pale, long and pointed. The male is smaller than the female, my specimen about half as large. The second tibia is a little thicker than the first but has the usual spines and is not modified in shape. Figs. 9, 9 a, gb. PI. II. Buttonwoods near Providence, R. I., in low bushes, June 20, 1912. Described by Banks from Sea Cliff, Long Island, N. Y. Gl5T)toci'aniuin comigerum, Hentz, Ordgarius cornigertim, JMcCook, American Spiders, Vol. 3, 1894. Male 1.5 mm. long. Cephalothorax low in front, rising backward to a pair of forked spines a little behind the middle. The upper middle eyes are raised on low ridges and tlie sides of the cephalo- thorax are slightly roughened and ridged around the base of the spines. The abdomen is wider than long, and nearly as high as wide, with two rounded tubercles in front and several pairs of roimd opaque and slightly depressed spots. The legs have no peculiar modifications and the spines are slender and indistinguishable from the hairs. In alcohol the cej^halothorax and legs are orange brown and the ab- domen pale 3'ellow. Figs. 10, 10 a. PI. II. The male palpi are short and simple. The tarsus has a small hook and the palpal organ a small and straight tube and a stronger terminal hook, both a little darkened in color. Ponemah, Milford, N. H., Aug. 1912, Miss E. B. Bryant. Cercidia prominens. This well-known luiropean species mentioned by Banks from I'^anconia, N. H., 1904, has been again found at North Woodstock, N. H. in 1911 by Dr. Wm. H. Fox. The largest of these specimens are 5 mm. long and resemble in general the genus Singa. The color in the lighter parts is pale dull yellow and it is marked with dark brown and black. The legs are ringed with brown at the ends of the joints and in the middle of the tibia and metatarsus, and the cephalothorax has brown spots at tlie sides and behind the eyes. The abdomen has several pairs of dark transverse markings composed of finer black and brown spots. The front end of the abdomen has a blunt point which extends over the thorax and on each side of this point is a row of four or five black spines. The back of the abdomen is two-thirds covered by an oval 220 /. H. Emerlon, New England Spiders Identijied since 1910. thickened spot a little more opaque than the rest of the skin, and toward the front roughened. On the under side the sternum is dark and the abdomen is dark with two light stripes. This species should be looked for among the Wnte Mountains and northward. Figs. II, II a. PL II. Clubiona latifrons. new 6 mm. long. Pale, only slightly darker on the head and mandibles. The head is wide, nearly as wide across tlie eyes as the widest part of the cephalothorax. Fig. 12 b. PI. II. The mandibles are long and stout in both sexes and ha\'e on the inner side three large teeth above the claw and two below it. Fig. 12. The male palpi have the tarsus and palpal organ small. The tibia resembles that of C. rubra, with two short processes parallel to each other on the outer side. The epigynum also resembles that of C. rubra. Plum Island, Ipswich, Mass., September. Dighton, Mass., Sep- tember. Lycosa funerea Henlz. Allocosa funerea Banks. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 1904. A young female of this southern species lias been found at Lyme, Conn, among the straw along the shore. PLATE 1 1 Theridium maxillare, dorsal markings. la ventral markings lb, ic, male palpus. 2 Theridium cinereum, dorsal markings. 2a, 2b male palpus. 3 Dipoena buccalis, cephalo thorax from above 3 a cephalo thorax from the side. 3b markings of abdomen. 4 Dipoena pallida, dorsal markings. 4 a sternum and mouth parts. 4b male palpi. 4c side of cephalothorax. 5 Ulesanis serrata. 5 a sternum and maxillae. 5 b cephalothorax from above. 6, 6a, 6b Areoncus littoralis. 7 Lophocarenum hartlandianum, head and male palpi. 7 a male palpus from the side. 8 Lophocarenum bicarinatum, head and palpi of male. 8 a head tipped forward. 8b, 8c end of palpus. 9 Lophocarenum sylvaticum, cephalothorax from the side. 9 a head and palpi of male. 9b, 9c male palpus. 10 Lophocarenum coriaceum, back of male. 10 a side of cephalo- ' thorax. 10 b palpus of male. PLATR PI.ATF. II 1 Tmeticus multidentatus, mandibles and palpus of male. la, ib male palpus. 2 Tmeticus thoracicus, male palpus from above. 2 a palpus, outer side. 2b palpus, inner side. 3 Tmeticus simplex, male palpus from above. 3 a, 3b male palpus outer side. 4 Microneta rotunda. 4, 4a male palpus. 5 Microneta rectangulata, cephalothorax and mandibles. 5a front of mandibles. 5 b male palpus. 6 Bathyphantes duplicatus, base of tarsus and tarsal hook, 6 a tarsus and hook from above. 6b tarsus of male palpus from Mt. Katahdin. 6c tarsus of male palpus from Mt. Washington. 7 Bathyphantes furcatus, dorsal markings of female. 7a side of female. 7b, 7c male palpus. 8 Bathyphantes recurvatus, male palpus. 9 Epeira emertoni, female. 9 a male with legs I and II. 9b palpus of male. 10 Glyptocranum cornigerum, back of male. 10 a male palpus. 11 Cercidia prominens, back of female. 12 Clubiona latifrons, mandibles and palpus of male. 12 a side of palpus. 12b front of head and eyes. 13 Lycosa funerea, young female. PLATE . .. _. i. Science Q 11 . C9 18:2 Emerton, J. H. 1847-1930. New England spiders identified since 1910 By the same Author in previous vohimes of the Transactions of tiie Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New England Spiders of the Famil}' Therididae. VI, pp. i— 86, pi. 1—24, Sept., 1882. New England Spiders of the Family Epeiridae. VI, pp. 295—342, pi. 33-40, Sept., 1884. New England Lycosidae. VI, pp. 481—505, June, 1885. New England Spiders of the Family Ciniflonidae. VII, pp. 443—458, pi. 9-11, July, 1888. New England Spiders of the Families Drassidae, Agalenidae and Dysderidae. VIII, pp. 166—206, pi. 3—8, Kan., 1890. New England Spiders of the Family Attidae. VIII, pp. 220—252, pi. 16—21, Oct., 1891. New England Spiders of the Family Thromsidae. VIII, pp. 359—381, pi. 28—32, June, 1892. Supplement to the New England Spiders. XIV, pp. 171—236, 12. pi., Jan., 1909. New Spiders from New England. XVI, pp, 383—407, 6 pi., June, 1911. This preservation copy was printed and bound at Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., in compliance with G.S. copyright law. The paper used meets the requirements of AMSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). P B (g) 1997 %ii>h- DATE DUE GAVLORD PRINTEDINUSA WELLESLEY COLLEGE LIBRARY 3 5002 03238 0847 Science Q 11 . C9 18:2 1913a Emerton, J. H. 1847-1930. New England spiders Identified since 1910