A BERKELEY

f LIBRARY

1 UNIVERSITY OF

V CALIFORNIA

^ ; — __. — .-

BttMY UBIMIV

NEW LONDON FLOKA;

OR,

pantrkr0k io %

METROPOLITAN DISTKICTS.

COMPILED FROM THE LATEST AUTHORITIES, AND FROM
PERSONAL OBSERVATION.

BY

EYKE CH. DE CKESPIGNY, M.D., M.E.C.S.,

LATE OF H.M. MEDICAL SERVICE IN INDIA; FORMERLY CIVIL SURGEON IN THE

SOUTHERN CONCAN; AND AT ONE TIME ACTING CONSERVATOR OF

FORESTS AND SUPERINTENDENT OF BOTANICAL GARDENS

IN THE BOMBAY PRESIDENCY.

LONDON:
HAKDWICKE AND BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY.

1877.

BIOLOGY

LONDON I

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

"BIOLOGY

LIBRARY

A HUMBLE CULTIVATOR

OF THE SAME TOO FREQUENTLY FALLOW FIELD

WITH FEELINGS OF THE GREATEST RESPECT AND ESTEEM,

THIS SMALL RESULT OF HIS LABOURS
TO

THE AUTHOR OF THE 'CYBELE BRITANNICA';

THAN WHOM NO ONE HAS DONE MORE FOR TOPOGRAPHICAL
AND GEOGRAPHICAL BOTANY,

EITHER IN PAST OR IN PRESENT TIMES,

990

PREFACE.

A NEW LONDON FLORA is much required. The author of the
present publication has undertaken the task in the hope that it
may be of use to students of practical botany, and has based it, as
it should be, not only upon material supplied by libraries, but also
upon actual collections in the field. The only handbook of the
kind still extant, he believes, is Mr. Daniel Cooper's ' Flora Metro-
politana ; ' but this is now out of date, and with its numerous
references to the 'Botanist's Guide' of 1805, and other ancient
authority, is unadapted to the requirements of the day. Moreover
the arrangement of the work is confused, the nomenclature often
obsolete, arid there is no index to the species. It is a well-known
fact that vegetation everywhere alters to a certain extent with the
lapse of time ; it does so to a marked degree in the neighbourhood
of London, where the disturbing elements of clearing, draining,
building, enclosing, are perpetually at work. Consequently, very
many of the suburban localities indicated by Mr. Cooper have long
disappeared, together with the plants which grew there ; and what
were once rural solitudes are now " portions and parcels " of this
vast metropolis. The neighbourhood of Putney is still tolerably
productive, so also is Hampstead Heath ; but there is little out of
the common to be obtained in Epping Forest nearer than Lough ton.
Blackheath is a bare common; Greenwich marshes have been
drained and converted into market gardens ; those below Woolwich,
into pasturage ; a small portion of Harrow Weald is still unenclosed;
likewise, Stanmore Heath ; otherwise, most of the heaths and
commons round about exist only in name. On the other hand, the
facilities of locomotion afforded by railway communication are now

Vlll PREFACE.

so great, that students can readily extend their researches to the
more distant sandy heathlands and chalk ranges of Kent and Surrey,
to the woodlands and cornfields of Essex and Herts, as well as to
the banks of the Thames above Richmond and below Erith.

In addition to an alphabetical list of all flowering plants and
Cryptogams, down to Mosses and their allies inclusive, growing within
an average radius of thirty miles from London, with their respective
records of where found, as far as it is practicable not to overlook
them, and omitting all such as are in any way doubtful by reason
of antiquity of date — a series of localities is appended, with lists
of the plants to be found there, preceded by short topographical
descriptions, most of them having been subjected more or less to
personal investigation, and all arranged to suit the requirements of
half-holiday makers and students, with whom time is a consideration.
Lichens and Fungi are also included, but only the more generally
distributed and important species. The lists have also been made
out with reference, less to what lias been, than to what does actually
exist and in appreciable quantity. The nomenclature is that
adopted by Mr. Watson in his ' Catalogue of British Plants,' latest
edition, 1874 (Messrs. Hardwicke and Bogue, Piccadilly).

With regard to these personal investigations, the author begs to
state that they were carried on for seven years consecutively under
circumstances of impaired health, contracted in India, which
compelled him to take much exercise in the open air of the country,
whenever the state of the weather would admit of it ; and having
for many years previously devoted much of his leisure time to
botanical pursuits, the opportunity was taken advantage of to
obtain the required information ; an expenditure of time however,
which might have been deemed by others, better qualified for the
task than himself, not only wearisome but unprofitable. Every
plant gathered or seen in situ by the author is marked with an
asterisk, but only where the observation was duly recorded at the
time; vague recollections of having seen them elsewhere are untrust-
worthy. Collectors will observe that new localities for rare plants
are few and far between. In this direction the author's researches
have been far from satisfactory ; in fact, it is a question now-a-days,

PREFACE.

not what there is, but what there is not, in the way of rarity.
Those who wish for rarities must go far to find them. The causes
before referred to, will account for the disappearance of many of
them ; the extermination of others has been often ascribed to the
indiscriminate rapacity of collectors themselves, and the growing
passion for collecting. However, for purposes of study one plant
is as good as another ; all that is further necessary is sufficient
variety, and many a humble weed is possessed of structural pecu-
liarities as instructive and interesting as any to be found in plants
of less frequent occurrence. Those who would know the geo-
graphical range of the vegetation round London will find in every
locality the characteristic plants of the same, duly recorded ; but to
the mere collector the constant repetition of the same thing in one
part of the country and of another thing in another part will
appear tedious and superfluous. Given a series of plants, and the
nature of the locality which produced them can be determined at a
glance. In addition to the series common to certain localities, many
of them possess some speciality or other peculiar to themselves :
the black Bog Kush grows on Bagshot Heath ; the marsh Cinquefoil,
on Elstead Common ; the ivy-leaved Campanula (Wahlenbergia)
grows at Witley Lagg ; the Bog Gentian on Chobham Common, and
so forth : The Fritillary is at home in the basin of the Thames ;
the white Beak Bush is rare, except on the sandy heaths of S.W.
Surrey. Many plants are of uncertain appearance in their respective
localities ; especially such as are designated colonists. They appear
and disappear, according to the nature of the crops, &c. Excess of
heat, of moisture, of drought, or the contrary may exercise an
influence in one way or the other ; persons therefore, visiting
localities in search of any plant in particular, must not count too
surely upon success in finding it.

One difficulty with which the general student may have to
contend is the nomenclature adopted in the Catalogue of 1874, with
which this publication is in accord. Of 237 species additional,
nearly all are promotions from the rank of varieties. The total for
all Britain, exclusive of Charads and minor Cryptogams, amounts to
1665, of which number no less than 1250 are computed to occur

PREFACE.

within the average thirty-mile radius assigned to this compilation ;
reports, however, as to the actual occurrence, generally, of a per-
centage of these plants, are considered by Mr. Watson doubtful.1
As this radius is almost entirely restricted to province iii. of the
* Cybele ' and Compendium, the separate list of these aggregates,
with their respective segregates, which is given, is drawn up with
reference thereto exclusively.

It can, after all, matter little whether, once named, these
segregates be regarded as mere varieties, or as distinct species ; every
botanist is at liberty to form his own conclusion on the subject,
but the chief objection lies " in the inextricable confusion caused
by the transfer of names from one variety to another, and adoption
of obsolete ones to replace those till lately in use ; so that, in
several cases, it is hard to say whether the aggregate plant is meant
by the term, or one of its segregates" (Cybele Comp.). The author
of the ' Cybele Britannica,' who has devoted forty years to the study
of the geographical distribution of plants, justly observes, with
regard to this system of species splitting, that " empirical names
are given to species, much after the methods resorted to by florists
in naming their varieties of Roses and Geraniums. It is individuals,
not species, that are described technically. The thing is overdone ;
species are subdivided on differences so slight that descriptive
botanical language cannot make them intelligible, without figures
or specimens. There is no constant distinction made between
species and varieties, other than a decision by individual opinion in
each case ; the splitters leave others to prove the contrary ; hence
conflict of opinion ; and decision may be altered by succeeding
generations." (Ibid.) Whether we endorse Mr. Watson's opinions
or not, it must surely be apparent to every one, that in attaching
equal value to the distinctions between species and varieties we
necessarily lessen the value of those between species and species ;
and are led on to consider this question, what then, after all,
constitutes a species and what a variety? One glance at the
Catalogue will reveal, in addition to the promotions just made, a

1 See Appendix to Index.

PREFACE. XI

formidable array of intermediate forms waiting, it may be, their
turn to rise from obscurity. In fact, it comes to this, " that species
and varieties, the latter especially, are optional and arbitrary, as
artificial arrangements of dried specimens and of portraits of
individual plants : any one having equal right to make either more
or fewer species and varieties of the same materials. We are
bewildered by their ill-defined pettiness, and the tendency is to
make book botany attractive to those only who are incapable of
large and extended views." (Ibid.) Besides, what proofs have we
of the permanency of these subspecies ?

As a natural consequence of this system, many records of localities
for plants in the aggregate can no longer be relied on, because it is
impossible to determine now, to which of its segregate forms the
record may have referred ; and only in the most recent Floras and
periodicals are localities for any of these segregates to be found ;
moreover, " the records of locality reporters are often unreliable by
reason of deficient knowledge, carelessness in observation, inaccuracy
of language, and one-sided statements." (Ibid.)

The nomenclature of the Moss tribe is that of Mr. Berkeley's
4 Handbook of the British Mosses,' the adoption notwithstanding
by the Reverend Professor of the monoicous and dioicous theory of
foreign botanists, and the questionable arrangement consequently of
the genera based upon this fallacy, and an over-estimated impor-
tance attached to the areolation of the leaves. But, for descriptive
particulars of these little plants, and for the excellence of their
illustrations, the student can consult no better authority. The
author has elsewhere expressed his opinions on the disputed doctrine
of the fertilisation of flowerless plants ; the subject is immaterial
from a practical point of view, and no purpose would be answered
by any remarks in this place with regard to it. Those who are
interested in Scale-mosses will find all the new names in their
proper places, although the nomenclature according to Hooker has
been retained for particulars ; an advantage of arrangement which
admits of their being grouped together and thus readily distin-
guished from the Mosses proper, &c., with which they are associated
in the section. The genus Jungermannia was split into nine genera

Xll PREFACE.

by Gray, and subsequently increased to forty-eight I1 In Crypto-
gams, as well as in flowering plants, the number of species has been
exaggerated ; far so, indeed, beyond the requirements of science.

A list of authorities consulted in this compilation is added to the
other lists ; it has not been deemed advisable to look into any of
earlier date than the 'New Botanist's Guide' of 1834. Actual
occurrence in the present, and not the local history of plants in the
past, is what has been aimed at, however imperfectly that object
may have been attained.

For lists of Aliens, Casuals, Extinctions, and other excluded
species, the reader is referred to the ' London Catalogue.'

1 See remarks, Endlicher, * Genera Plantarum.'

CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFACE v

LIST OF AUTHORITIES CONSULTED xiv

LIST OF LOCALITIES xv

LIST OF AGGREGATES, SEGREGATES, AND

SYNONYMS ...... xviii

I. FLOWERING PLANTS 1

II. CRYPTOGAMS 79

SUPPLEMENT TO INDEX 99

LOCALITIES 103

LIST OF AUTHOEITIES CONSULTED.

'Annals of Natural History.'

Berkeley : * British Mosses,' &c.

Babington : ' Manual.'

Bentham : * Handbook/

Boswell-Syme : ' English Botany.'

Brewer, J. A., and Salmon, ' Flora of Surrey.'

Brewer : * New Flora of Reigate.'

Britten : ' Contributions to a Flora of Berkshire.'

* Botanical Gazette,' Henfrey Ed.
Cooper, D. : 'Flora Metropolitana,' 1837.
Gibson, G. : ' Flora of Essex.'

Hooker and Arnott : ' British Flora.'

Hooker : * Journal of Botany,' &c. (various).

Irvine, ' London Flora,' 1838.

Jardine : * Magazine of Zoology and Botany,' 1837-38.

Jenner, ' Flora of Tunbridge Wells.'

' Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Society.'

Luxford : ' Flora of Reigate,' 1838.

Melvill : * Flora of Harrow,' 1864.

' Magazine of Natural History.'

' Naturalist.'

* Phytologist.'

Trimen and Dyer : ' Flora of Middlesex.'

Watson, H. C. : * Cybele Britannica,' and Compendium to ditto.
, , , , l Topographical Botany.'

, , , , * New Botanist's Guide.'

Webb and Coleman : ' Flora of Herts,' with Supplement to ditto.

Wilson : ' Bryologia.'

Smith, Curtis, Balfour, and others : ' Botanist's Chronicle,' and other
periodicals ; ' Science Gossip ' (for Moss localities). W. G. Smith (for
Fungi) ; M. C. Cooke (for Hepaticae) ; Reports of Bot. Exchange and
Bot. Locality Record Clubs.

LIST OF LOCALITIES.

PAGE

1. Hampstead Heath 103

2. Barnes Common ........ 104

3. Banks of the Thames from Putney to Kew . . . .105

4. Putney Heath and Wimbledon Common . . . .106

5. Lanes and Roadsides about Hendon, Neasdon and Kingsbury . 107

6. Willesden : banks of the Brent, and Paddington Canal . . 108

7. Pastures and lanes about Tottenham and Edmonton ; banks of

the Lea, and Lea Canal 109

8. Epping Forest, and copses, lanes, &c., about Chingford, Woodford

and Walthamstow . . . . . . . .110

9. Blackheath, and the marshes below Greenwich . . .111

10. Charlton Wood and chalk-pit ; Woolwich sandpits ; Shooter's

Hill 112

11. Wands worth Common . . . . . . .113

12. Roadsides, copses, and waste places about Norwood . .114

13. Mitcham Common . . . . . . . .115

14. Banks of the Thames, with bordering ditch and meadows be-

tween Kew and Kingston ; Richmond Hill and Ham Common 116

15. Roadsides about Isleworth, Twickenham, Teddington, Hounslow,

and banks of the Cran ....... 117

16. Pinner and Oxhey Woods ; meadows about Pinner and Ruislip ;

Ruislip reservoir . . . . . . . .117

17. Harrow Weald Common ; Stanmore Heath ; Elstree reservoir . 118

18. Totteridge Green and Hadley Common . . . . .119

19. Epping Upper Forest 120

20. Hainault Forest and banks of the Roding . . . .122

21. Marshes between Woolwich, Plumstead, Erith, and opposite

shore 122

22. Plumstead Common ; Bosthall Heath ; Abbey Wood ; Erith

sand-pits 123

XVI LIST OF LOCALITIES.

PAGE

23. Chislehurst Common . . . f . . . .124

24. Hayes and Keston Commons . . . . . .125

25. Shirley Common and the Addington Hills . . . .126

26. Croham Hurst, and the adjoining fields, banks and roadsides . 127

27. Purley Downs and Riddlesdown ; Smitham Bottom . . .128

28. Farden (or Farthing) Downs, with Coulsdon and Kenley

Common ......... 129

29. Sutton and Banstead Downs, with bordering fields . . .131

30. Ditton Marsh, and Esher Commons 132

31. Moulsey Hurst, and banks of the Mole about Moulsey and Esher 134

32. Banks of the Colne, between Uxbridge and Harefield . . 135

33. Colney Heath 137

34. Broxbourne and Wormley Woods . . . . . .138

35. Warley Common 139

36. Purfleet 140

37. Greenhithe and Dartford 141

38. Darne (or Darent) Wood 143

39. North Downs, near Sevenoaks ...... 143

40. Reigate Hill and the Wray Common ..... 145

41. Reigate Heath, Redhill and Earlswood Commons . . . 146

42. Merstham, and hills east of Merstham ; Redstone Hill . .147

43. The Betchworth Hflls 148

44. About Buckland and Brockham . . . . . .150

45. Ranmer Common, hills west of Dorking and the White Downs 150

46. Guildford, and the hills east of Guildford, including Shiere and

Albury 152

47. Whitemoor. Common ........ 154

48. Bisley Common, Pirbright Heath, and Cow Moor . . .154

49. Woking Heath ; Horsell Common, and banks of the Basingstoke

Canal 155

50. Weybridge, St. George's Hill, and banks of the Thames about

Walton . . .156

51. Chobham Common . . . . . . . .157

52. Bagshot Heath .158

53. The Hog's Back 159

54. Puttenham, Elstead and Crookesbury Commons . . . 159

55. Frensham Common . . . . . . . . Ibl

56. Witley and Thursley Commons . . . . . .161

57. Godalming- ......... 162

58. Leith Hill and the Holmwood . 162

LIST OF LOCALITIES. XVI 1

PAGE

59. Tilgate Forest . 164

60. Felbridge 164

61. High Rocks and Waterdown Forest, near Tunbridge Wells . 165

62. Hills east of Wrotham 165

63. Cobham and Cuxton 166

64. About Northfleet and Gravesend 167

65. Grays and Tilbury 168

66. Southend and Canvey Island 169

67. Norton Heath, Ongar and Fyfield 170

68. Essex cornfields 171

69. Hertford Heath and surrounding woods . . . .171

70. The Lea Valley about Hatfield, Hertford and Ware . . .172

71. Upper Colne district ........ 174

72. Tring and Aldbury . .175

73. Gerard's Cross and Stoke Commons ..... 177

74. Burnham Beeches and Farnham Common, with adjoining woods 177

75. Thames district, above and about Windsor . . . .178

LIST OF AGGEEGATES, SEGEEGATES, AND

SYNONYMS.

AGGREGATES.

SEGREGATES.

SYNONYMS.

Ranunculus (aquatilis)

circinatus.

fluitans.

peltatus.

diversifolius.

Drouettii.

pantotrix.

trichophyllus.

heterophyllus.

Baudotii.

intermedius.

tripartitus.

Fumaria (capreolata)

pallidiflora,

and var.

confusa.

muralis.

„ densiflora

0

micrantha.

,. (tenuisecta)

parviflora.

Vaillantii.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia

Sinapis ten.

„ mural is

„ mur.

Brassica (polymorpha)

Napus.

>»

campestris.

Rutabaga.

Napus.

Rapa.

Sisymbrium Alliaria

Erysimum Alliaria.

Cardamine (hirsuta)

hirsuta.

sylvatica.

Arabis perfoliata

Turritis glabra.

Barbarea (vulgaris)

vulgaris.

eu-vulgaris.

arcuata.

stricta.

intermedia.

Cochlearia (polymorpha)

officinalis.

danica.

Alyssum maritimum

,

Koniga maritima.

Senebiera didyma

.

Coronopus didyma.

„ Coronopus

,

Ruellii.

Viola (hirta)

hirta.

AGGKEGATES, SEGREGATES, AND SYNONYMS. XIX

AGGREGATES.

SEGREGATES. SYNONYMS.

Viola (hirta)

permixta. sepincola (var.)

„ (canina)

sylvatica.

canina.

arenaria.

lactea.

stagnina.

„ (tricolor)

tricolor eu-tricolor.

arvensis. var. of tricolor.

Curtisii.

lutea.

Polygala vulgaris

vulgaris.

oxyptera.

depressa.

Cerastium pumilum

.* . ? triviale.

Stellaria aquatica

Cerastium aquaticum

(i.e. Malachium).

Alsine tenuifolia

Arenaria ten.

Sagina apetala

maritima.

apetala.

ciliata.

Spergularia (marina)

neglecta.

marginata.

rupestris.

Hypericum (quadrangulum)

tetrapterum.

dubium.

bscticum.

Ulex (nanus)

Gallii.

nanus. eu-nanus.

Medicago falcata

sylvestris.

falcata.

Trifolium incarnatum

Trifolium Molinerii var.

incarnatum.

Lotus (corniculatus)

corniculatus.

tenuis.

„ (angustissimus)

angustissimus.

hispidus.

Vicia (sativa)

sativa.

angustifolia.

Prunus (communis)

spinosa.

insititia.

domestica.

Agrimonia Eupatoria

Eupatoria.

odorata.

Potentilla Tormentilla <

Tormentilla.

procumbent.

Rubus (fruticosus)

XX

LIST OF AGGKEGATES,

In lieu of the six species of Arnott, exclusive of E. csesius, we have forty

segregates according to Professor Babington's views (3, i.e. province 3,

of the * Cybele ' and the home

counties).

AGGREGATES.

SEGREGATES.

SYNONYMS.

[Species according to Hooker

suberectus 3.

umbrosus.

and Arnott :

fissus.

suberectus ^

plicatus 3.

rhamnifolius

affinis 3.

lentiginosus.

fruticosus 1

Lindleianus 3.

nitidus.

carpinifolius [

rhamnifolius 3.

glandulosus |

incurvatus 3.

corylifolius] j

imbricatus.

latifolius.

discolor 3.

fruticosus.

thyrsoideus 3.

argenteus.

leucostachys 3.

Grabowskii.

1

Colemani.

Salteri.

calvatus.

carpinifolius 3.

villicaulis 3.

sylvaticus.

macrophyllus 3.

( Schlechtendalii ampli-
\ ficatus.

mucronulatus.

Sprengelii 3.

Borreri.

Bloxamii.

Hystrix 3.

rosaceus 3.

pallidus.

pygmseus 3.

scaber 3.

Babingtonii.

rudis 3k

Leightonii.

Radula 3.

Lingua, Bab.

Koehleri 3.

fusco-ater.

Schleicheri, Colemanni*

diversifolius 3.

Lejeunii 3.

pyramidalis.

Guntheri 3.

humifusus 3.

foliosus.

hirtus, Menkii.

!Bellardi, dentatus, ro-

glandulosus 3.

tundifolius, fuscus,

rosaceus.

Balfourianus 3.

tenui-armatus.

corylifolius 3.

althseifolius 3.

tuberculatus 3.

SEGREGATES, AND SYNONYMS.

XXI

AGGREGATES.

Geum (rivale)
Rosa (spinosissima)

„ involuta
„ (rubiginosa)

„ stylosa
Pyrus (Aria)

Epilobium (tetragonum)
Callitriche verna

autumnalis

Chaerophyllum Anthriscus
„ sativum

„ sylvestre

Scabiosa arvensis

Silybum Marianum

Carduus crispus

Arctium Lappa et Bardana

Matricaria Parthenium

„ inodora

„ Chamomilla

Tanacetum vulgare

Filago germanica

Senecio paludosus

„ campestris
Crepis foetida

„ taraxacifolia

SEGREGATES.

intermedium,
rivale.

spinosissima.
rubella.

rubiginosa.
sepium.

Aria, pinnatifida,
and three others
not mentioned.

tetragonum. ^

obscurum.

verna.

obtusangula.

stagnalis.

hamulata.

truncata.

autumnalis.

SYNONYMS.

Sabini, var. involuta.

Systyla.

pedunculata.

majus.
minus.

intermedium,
nemorosum.

germanica.

apiculata.

spathulata.

paludosus.

palustris.

Anthriscus vulgaris.

„ Cerefolium.

„ sylvestris.
Knautia arvensis.
Carduus Marianum.
acanthoides (agg. olim).

Chrysanthemum Parthe-
nium.

„ inodorum.
„ Chamomilla.
„ Tanacetum.

Cineraria campestris.
Barkhausia foetida.

„ taraxacifolia.

Hieracium —

In lieu of eighteen species for all Britain, given in the sixth edition of
the Catalogue, we have a total of thirty-five. In so far as they relate to
the flora of the London districts, six only of this number occur —

Hieracium Pilosella.

XX11

LIST OF AGGREGATES,

AGGREGATES.

SEGREGATES. SYNONYMS.

Hieracium murorum.

„ vulgatum.

sylvaticum.

„ tridentatum.

„ umbellatum.

„ boreale.

Specularia hybrida

Campanula hybrida.

Wahlenbergia hederacea

„ hederacea.

Erythrsea (Centaurium)

Centaurium,

pul-

chella, and

two

others not

men-

tioned.

Limnanthemum nymphaioides

Villarsia nymphaioides.

Scrophularia (aquatica)

Balbisii.

Ehrharti.

Veronica spicata

spicata.

hybrida.

„ serpyllifolia

serpyllifolia.

humifusa.

Orobanche major

Orobanche Rapum.

(minor)

Picridis.

hederse.

minor.

Mentha (rotundifolia)

rotundifolia.

alopecuroides.

„ (aquatica)

pubescens.

citrata.

hirsuta.

„ (sativa)

sativa.

rubra.

gracilis.

pratensis.

gentilis.

Thymus (Serpyllum)

Serpyllum.

Chamaedrys.

Calamintha (officinalis)

menthifolia.

sylvatica.

Lamium (amplexicaule)

amplexicaule

intermedium.

Anchusa arvensis

.

Lycopsis arvensis.

Utricularia (vulgaris)

vulgaris.

neglecta.

Anagallis (arvensis)

arvensis.

casrulea.

Plantago lacustris

Plantago Coronopus.

Atriplex portulacoides

Obione portulacoides.

„ (patula)

angustifolia.

erects.

SEGKEGATES, AND SYNONYMS.

XX1J1

AGGREGATES.

SEGREGATES.

SYNONYMS.

Atriplex deltoidea

Atriplex hastata.

Rumex Hydrolapathum

Hydrolapathum.

»» 5?

maximus.

Parietaria diffusa

Parietaria officinalis.

Sparganium affine et minimum

Sparganium natans.

Potamogeton natans

natans, polygonifo-

lius and another

„ heterophyllus

heterophyllus and

Potamogeton Proteus.

another.

„ gramineus

acutifolius.

obtusifolius.

gramineus.

zosterifolius.

„ pusillus

.

Potamogeton compres-

sus.

Zannichellia (palustris)

palustris.

pedicellata.

polycarpa.

Orchis militaris

militaris.

purpurea.

Orchis fusca.

Simia.

„ latifolia

latifolia.

incarnata.

Gymnadenia conopsea

Orchis conopsea.

„ albida

Habenaria albida.

Habenaria (bi folia) 4

bifolia.

chlorantha.

Epipactis latifolia

latifolia, and two

others.

Scilla nutans

.

Hyacinthus non-scrip-

tus.

Smilacina bifolia

. .

Maianthemum bifolium.

Juncus (communis)

effusus

difFusus.

conglomeratus.

Carex disticha

Carex intermedia.

„ flava

flava.

(Eden.

Echinochloa Crus-galli
Digraphis arundinacea
Agrostis Spica-venti
Psamma arenaria
Calamagrostis Epigejos

„ lanceolata

Phragmites communis
Avena elatior

Panicum Crus-galli.
Phalaris arundinacea.
Apera Spica-venti.
Ammophila arundinacea.
Arundo Calamagrostis.

»> Epigejos.

„ Phragmites.
Arrhenantherum ave-
naceum.

XXIV AGGEEGATES, SEGREGATES,^ SYNONYM^

AGGREGATES.

Festuca (Myurus)

SEGREGATES.

ambigua.
pseudomyurus.
sciuroides.

?, rubra

•

Bromus racemosus

racemosus.
commutatus.

Triticum junceum

junceum.
acutum.

pungens.

Lomaria Spicant

Aspidium aculeatum and angur

lare
Nephrodium Filix-mas, and

others

SYNONYMS.

Festuca duriuscula and
var.

Blechnum boreale.
Polystichum aculeatum

and angulare.
Lastrsea Filix-mas, and

others.

B The Synonyms have special referee to the sixth edition of the
' London Catalogue.

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

I. FLOWEKING PLANTS.

* Seen or gathered by author in situ. (?) Doubtful whether still to &e found there.
(E. tie 0.) On his authority.

ACER CAMPESTRE.— Woods and hedges, frequent, 5-6.

Acer Pseudo-platanus. — Plantations, 5—6.

ACER AS ANTHROPOPHORA. — Chalky pastures, and old chalk-pits, now
scarce, 6. Greenhithe and Northfleet chalk-pits, abundant in the former
(Saturday Half-holiday Guide, 1874) ; Box Hill and Betchworth Hills ;
Purley Downs and downs about Coulsdon ; olim, chalk-steppes beyond
Tring ; Reigate Hill ;* chalk-pits on the Hog's Back, and old chalk-pits
near Harefield (?) ; downs, about Albury and Shiere ; Knockholt and
Wrotham.

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM. — Pastures and waysides, frequent, 6-9.

ACHILLEA PTARMICA. — Damp pastures and wet places on heaths and
waste ground, frequent, 7-8. (Plenty on Ditton Common.)

AcORUS CALAMUS. — Ponds and marshy places near rivers, not frequent, 6.
Barnes Common ;* marshy flat near Walton Bridge ; ponds on
Totteridge Green;* Roding River between Woodford and Chigwell ;
Colne River, between Uxbridge and Harefield ; Coulsdon ; Bisham ;
between Richmond Park and Wimbledon, in several places ; pond at
Bayfordbury ; Staines Common ; by the Brent at Greenford.

ACTINOCARPUS DAMASONIUM. — Pools and ditches on gravelly commons,
frequent formerly, now rarely met with, 6-7. Headley and Walton
Heaths ; Earlswood Common (?) ; Totteridge Green (?) ; Tooting and
Leatherhead Commons; pond on Ditton Marsh, sparingly;* and pond
below Winter Downs, Esher ;* Mitcham Common, in a small pool *
(E. de C.) ; ponds near Ilford ; Uxbridge Moor, towards Denham (?) ;
Epping Forest, near Woodford (?); Putney Heath (?); Shalford Common (?) ;
Warley Common ; Holmwood Common ; Felbridge pools, perhaps ;
Winkfield Plain ; and at Bracknell, near Windsor ; Waterdown Forest.

ADONIS AUTUMNALIS. — Casually in cornfields, 5-7, uncertain. About Dart-
ford, Greenhithe, and Crayford, formerly ; Croydon ; Acton ; Reigate ;
near Warley Common; between Cobham and Cuxton.

ADOXA MOSCHATELLINA. — Hedgebanl^s and shady places in woods, 4-5.
Woods about Brentwood ; Fyfield ; copse near Chingford Hatch,* copse

B
/f

A NEW LONDON FLOBA.

between Boreham Wood stat. and Stanmore Heath ;* Croydon towards
Selsdon;* woods about Coulsdon, and about Harefield ; also about
Watford, and elsewhere in Herts ; hedgebank in a field between Aldbury
and Aldbury Nowers Wood.*

jEGOPODiUM PPDAGRARIA. — Wet places and ditches, generally near houses
and gardens, frequent, 5.

JEiHUSA CYNAPIUM. — Fields and gardens, common, 7-8.

AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA. — Fields, waste places, and roadsides, common, 6-7.

AGRIMONIA ODORAT A. — Among osiers east end of Telegraph Wood, Clay gate.

AGROSTIS ALBA..— Pastures, roadsides, &c., common, 7-8.

AGROSTIS CANINA. — Moist heaths and moory places, common, 6-7. (Plenty,
lower part of Hampstead Heath.)

AGROSTIS SET ACE A. — Local. Plenty on Bagshot Heath (left of the road
from Chobham) ; also in Waterdown Forest, on one spot near Heathfield ;
also on Bisley Common.

AGROSTIS SPICA-VENTI. — Cornfields, not common, but plenty where it
occurs, 6-7. About Croydon, Charlton, Coulsdon ; between Ilford and
Barking ; Esher ;* Northfleet, and Gravesend ; Guildford, towards Farn-
ham ; Cheshunt.

AGROSTIS VULGARIS. — Meadows, pastures, and banks, everywhere, 6-7.

AIRA C^ESPITOSA. — Moist, shady places and borders of fields, common, 6-7.
(Plenty, lower part of Hampstead Heath.)

AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA. — Gravelly hills and pastures, frequent, 6-7.
(Hampstead Heith;* Buckland Hill.)

AIRA FLEXUOSA. — Heaths and hilly places, common, 7. Hampstead Heath,
sandy hillocks towards the ' Spaniards ;'* Warley Common ;* Harrow
Weald Common.

AlRA PR.ECOX. — Sandy hills and pastures, frequent, 5-6. (Hampstead
Heath.)

AJUGA CiiAMvEPiTYS. — Cultivated slopes and plateaux on the Kentish and
Surrey chalk range, local but frequent, 4-10. Fields of Cobham
Park ;* Dartford ; Croydon (near Croham Hurst*) ; fields bordering
Epsom and Banstead Downs ;* Box Hill ;* Buckland Hill ; hills W. of
Dorking* (E. de C.), near Purfleet.

AJUGA REPTANS. — Moist pastures and woods, common, 5—6.

ALCHEMILLA ARVENSIS. — Pastures and banks on gravelly soil, frequent,
5-8. Barnes Common ;* Chislehurst Common ;* Dartford Heath,* &c.

ALCHEMILLA VULGARIS. — Hilly pastures, rare; also in low meadows;
Stanmore (?) ; between Bushey and Watford (?) ; and bank of Bourne
Hall moat ; Gorhambury Park, and in an old lane leading thence to
Gorhambury ; Rickmansworth Common Moor ;* Totteridge Park ; damp
meadows by the banks of the Mole, near Dorking ; and near Flanchford
Bridge ; Great Canfield, near High Roding ; woods, Tring, and wood
W. of the monument, Aldbury ; Hill Park, near Westerham ; by brook in
a pasture between Brickendonbury, and lane to the green ; Hertford
Heath, by the road to Essendon, opposite Roxford ; low pasture between
Essendon and West-end; also in a valley not far from Kssendon Place;
Great Berkhampstead, by the footpath from Gossoms End to Magdalene
Chapel ; meadows between Stanboro' and Hatfield Woodfall ; field between

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

Ruislip reservoir and road to Harefield ; hilly pastures about Stanmore ;

Parkhurst near Abinger.

ALISMA PLANTAGO. — Margins of ponds, rivers, and ditches, frequent, 7.
ALISMA RANUNCULOIDES. — Ditches and turfy bogs, uncommon, 7-8.

Epping Forest ; pond, Breakspeares ; Warley Common (?) ; Putney

Heath ;* banks of the canal above and about Woking* (E. de C.), and in

turfy pools near the canal* (E. de C.).
ALLIUM OLERACEUM. — Rare, near the sea, 7. About Rochester (?) ; wall

at Milford ; hedgebank, Cold Harbour Lane Croydon ; in cornfields at

Welwyn, Herts.
ALLIUM URSINUM.— Moist woods and hedgebanks, especially ditch banks,

5-6. Lane between Chingford and Walthamstow ;* banks of the Mole,

between Southgate and Barnet ; banks of the Brent below Totteridge ;*

lane leading from Welsh Harp to Kingsbury ;* banks of the rivulet, near

Chislehurst station.*
ALLIUM VINEALE. — Fields and waste 'places, rare, 6. Thames bank, near

Teddington ;* meadow below the mill, by the Mole at Esher ;* Fyfield ;

Southend ; near Thorley ; and near the gravel pits on Moulsey Hurst ;

hill above Vale Cottage, Albury ; chalk-pit at the bottom of Church

street, Guildford ; dry knolls in meadows between Hertford and Ware ;

field between Welwyn road and S. part of Thieves lane ; fields between

Hoddesdon and the Rye House, and between Hoddesdon and Haileybury ;

lanes about Sunbury and Laleham.

ALNUS GLUTINOSA. — Watery places, and by rivers, frequent, 3.
ALOPECURUS AGRESTIS. — Cultivated fields, and occasionally roadsides,

frequent ; plenty in cornfields on a clay soil (Tottenham and Edmonton),

&c.,* 5-10.
ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS. — In pools, especially pools in gravel pits, and

on a gravelly soil, 5-8.
ALOPECURUS FULVUS. — In pools, and in similar situations to the above, but

less frequent, 7. , Gravel pits in Epping Forest, near Woodford * (E; de

C.) ; gravel pit near Tottenham, N. of the church* (E. de C.).
ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS. — Meadows and pastures, common, 5-6.
ALOPECURUS BULBOS us. — Rare, local. Salt-marshes about Northfleet (?) 7;
ALSINE TENUIFOLIA. — Sandy fields, rare(?). About Coulsdon ; on sand ;

roadside, Tottenham.*

ALTH.EA OFFICINALIS. — Near the sea ; rare, 8-9. From Tilbury to Southend.
Alyssum citlycinum. — Incidental, rare. Fields near Epping ; Hitchin

Common ; near Hoddesdon ; plenty by the New River.
Ali/ssum maritimum. — A garden waif; near houses occasionally. Foot of

Redhill ;* Purfleet (?).
AMMOPHILA. — See PSAMMA.

ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS.— Cornfields and fallow fields, frequent, 5-11.
ANAGALLIS C/ERULEA. — Cornfields in the chalk districts, rare. Fields

between Sutton and Banstead Downs (?) ; cornfields, slope, and summit

of Box Hill; also of the Betchworth Hills; cornfield below Buckland

Hill,* l in company with A. arvensis ; between Keston and Down, about

Broomfield ; and on Warley Common (?).

1 Perhaps a variety only of A. arvensis.

B 2

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

ANCHUSA ARVENSIS. — Cornfields and waste places, frequent, 6—7 (plenty
in a cornfield going from Ditton Marsh to Telegraph Hill)* (E. de C.).

Anchusa sempervirens. — Waste grounds about old ruins and buildings,
very rare. Near Rochester, formerly.

ANAGALLIS TENELLA. — Bogs, especially on pe.aty commons, in company with
Sphagnum, 7-8. Bog near High Beech, Epping Forest ;* Esher Common ;*
Reigate Heath ;* Leith Hill ;* Shirley Common (?) ; frequent in peaty
bogs, &c., on the Surrey heaths ;* Hoddesdon Marsh ; Bell Bar Bog.

Anemone apennina. — Rare, 4. In Wimbledon Park ; and in woods about
Shiere and Guildford ; private grounds between Mitcham and Sutton.

ANEMONE NEMOROSA. — Woods and coppices, frequent, 4-5 (on Hampstead
Heath ; Epping Forest, near Woodford, plenty).

ANEMONE PULSATILLA. — Rare. Downs near Aldbury Nowers Wood ;*
downs about Streatley, and banks S.E. of Ravensburg Castle, borders of
Herts, 5.

ANGELICA SYLVESTRIS. — Ditches, moist woods, and marshy places near
rivers, common, (ditches by the Lea, plenty), 7.

ANTHEMIS ARVENSIS. — Cornfields, uncommon ; more frequent on the
chalk, 6-7. Great Warley ; Tilbury ; Epping, in fields near ; about
Hertford ; open field between Hoddesdon and the Rye House ; gravelly
ground between Hatfield and Holwell ; and field on Hertford road, near
N.E. boundary of Hatfield Park ; about Teddington.

ANTHEMIS COTULA. — Waste places, and by roadsides, not uncommon, 6-9
(cornfields about Tottenham and Edmonton).

ANTHEMIS NOBILIS. — Gravelly pastures, frequent. Hampstead Heath ;
Wimbledon Common ; Ham Common, &c.,* 8-9.

ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM. — Fields and pastures ; common, 5-6.

ANTHRISCUS. — See CH^ROPHYLLUM.

ANTHYLLIS VULNERARIA. — Everywhere very frequent in the chalk dis-
tricts ; Hertford ; St. Albans ; Tring ; about Croydon and Sanderstead ;*
Greenhithe, and road from Dartford to Darent Wood ;* Reigate
Hill ;* Box Hill ;* and all along the range of the North Downs from
Cuxton to Farnham.*

Antirrhinum majus; old walls in several places about London, 7-8.
Plenty on the railway chalk cutting near Sutton station.*

ANTIRRHINUM ORONTIUM. — Dry cornfields not very common, 7-10.
Haslemere, near Godalming ; Brockham ; cornfield between Ditton
marsh and Telegraph Hill ;* plentiful in a cornfield near Chobham,
coming from Chertsey* (E. de C.) ; near Croydon.

APERA. — See AGROSTIS SPICA-VENTI.

APIUM GRAVEOLENS. — Ditches by the Thames, on both sides of the river,
common (plenty in the Plumstead Marshes ; and between Greenwich
and Woolwich) ;* 8-9.

AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. — Woods and coppices, rare, 5-7. Pastures about
Harefieid olim (?) ; Box Hill ;* (foot of and in Westhumble Lane) ;
woods at Coulsdon ; Tring woods ;* Netley Wood ; Shiere, copses on
the chalk near Dorking ; and at Hightrees farm ; Powis Wood, Godal-
ming ; Norwood.

ARABIS THALIANA. — Old walls, frequent, 4-5.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

ARABIS HIRSUTA. — Banks ID the chalk districts, 6. Smitham Bottom, near
Croydon ;* bank bordering Farthing Downs * (E. de C.) ; Banstead Downs ;
Box Hill and Betchworth Hill ; Reigate Hill ; Mickleham ; Tring ;
(bottom of Aston Hill) ; near Shiere; Ashdown copse; Ranmore Common ;
pits, Guildford.

ARABIS PERFOLIATA. — Hedgebanks and roadsides, not common. Frequent
N.W. of Hertford ; copse, hillside beyond Goldiug's Wood ; gravel field
E. side of Hatfield ; between Hatfield Park and Cole Green, plentiful ;
roadside between Hatfield and St. Albans ; by the Park, Claremont
olim (?) ; about Shiere and Albury ; sandy lanes, Frensham ; about
Denham ; between Waltham and High Beech ; roadside by Cottenham
Park, Wimbledon ; Godalming, in coppices ; Cookham wood ; near
Brocket Hall, Herts.

ARCTIUM MAJUS. — Damp woods and waste places ; not uncommon ; Worm-
ley wood ;* Warley woods ; Hatfield.

ARCTIUM MINUS. — Roadsides and waste places ; frequent, 7-8.

ARCTIUM NEMOROSUM. — Rare ; Welwyn.

ARENARIA SERPYLLIFOLIA. — Walls and dry places ; frequent, 6-7. Walls
about Crovdon ; fields between Sutton and Banstead.* Var. leptoclados,
Hatfield. "

ARENARIA TENUIFOLIA. — See ALSINE.

ARENARIA TRINERVIS. — Shady woods and moist places, 5-6. Charlton
Wood ; Harrow Weald ; borders of Darent Wood, towards Greenhithe,
plenty.*

ARMERIA MARITIMA. — Muddy salt-marshes ; rare near London, 4-9. In a
field above Northfleet ; between Leigh and Southend ;* Purfleet ; Tilbury.

Armoracia rusticana. — Frequent near gardens and habitations in wet
places. (Plenty near West-end railway station on the railway bank
towards Finchley road.)

ARNOSERIS PUSILLA. — Sandy fields ; rare, 6-7. About Weybridge olim,
not now (?) ; field near Chobham, coming from Chertsey (?) ; straw-
berry beds, Bexley Heath (?) ; sandy field near Esher and Oxshott ;
banks near Farnham, Frensham, and in fields on the flanks of Chobham
ridges ; in a gravelly field behind the public-house at the Hammer
ponds, Thursley Common ; Petersham in a sandpit ; Hampton Court
Park, formerly plentiful, and in fields adjoining ; about Teddington ;
field left of road from Hersham green to St. George's Hill, less than a
mile from the former ; field by a fir wood, right of road to Milford
from Witley station.

ARRHENATHERUM AVENACEUM. — See AVENA ELATIOR.

ARTEMISIA VULGARIS. — Hedges and waste places, common, 8. (Plenty
along the banks of the canal, Tottenham.)

ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM. — Dry banks and waste places, generally near
houses and gardens. Chalk-pits, Greenhithe and Northfleet, olim (?) ;
Hampstead Heath, 2 plants ;* Purfleet ; White Roding ; near Welling-
ton College, plentiful ; Stanstead, by the road to Hertford ; by the
roadside between Watford and St. Albans, plenty ; Great Berkhamp-
stead, on waste ground.

ARTEMISIA MARITIMA. — Salt-marshes by the Thames ; (plentiful about
Erith, Plumstead, &c.*), 8.

6 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

ARUM MACULATUM. — Damp hedgebanks, and copses, common ; (plenty in
the lanes about Neasdon).

ARUNDO. — See CALAMAGROSTIS and PHRAGMITES.

ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS.— Thames bank below Woolwich ; rare, 6-8.
Near Erith, a plant or two.*

Asperugo procu mbens. — On rubbish in waste places, very rare; 6-7.

ASPERULA CYNANCHICA. — Banks in the chalk districts, 6-7. There
common all along the range from Cuxton to the Hog's Back ;* roads from
Croydon to Selsdon and Sanderstend ; * Banstead Downs ; * from Dart-
ford to Darent Wood ;* banks about Tring ;* chalk-pit, Hertford.

ASPERULA ODORATA. — Cool and damp woods, abundant where occurring,
5-6. Darent Wood ;* Charlton Wood (?) ; woods on Reigate and Buck-
land hills;* Tring woods;* Burnham Beeches;* woods on the flank of
Leith Hill ;* wood near Harefield,* &c.

ASTER TRIPOLIUM. — Muddy banks of the Thames, plenty both sides
below Greenwich ;* in profusion also at Canvey Island ;* and on the
banks of the Medway at Cuxton,* 9-10.

ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLOS. — Woods and thickets in a chalky soil, not
common, 6. Woods about Harefield ; Greenhithe and Darent ;* Couls-
don ; borders of Cobham Park ;* wood at Purfleet (?) ; Hatfield Heath ;
border of Warwick Wood ; Frith Hill, Godalming ; old chalk-pit on the
Hog's Back ; chalk hills E. of Merstham ; Headley lane.

ATRIPLEX ANGUSTLFOLIA. — Waste, and cultivated ground, frequent, 7-10.

ATRIPLEX HASTATA. — Waste, and cultivated ground, not uncommon, 6-10.

ATRIPLEX DELTOIDEA. — See A. HASTATA.

ATRIPLEX ERECT A. — In similar situations.

ATRIPLEX BABINGTONII. — Muddy shores of the Thames, towards Leigh ;*
not common.

ATRIPLEX LITTORALIS. — Muddy shores of the Thames, frequent towards
Erith ;* Northfleet ; Purfleet ;* and beyond, on both sides of the river,* 7-9.

ATRIPLEX PORTULACOIDES. — Shores of the Thames, between Leigh and
Southend,* where sandy ; plenty there, 7-8.

ATRIPLEX ARENARIA. — Thames shore towards Southend ; in sandy places,*
not common, 7—9.

ATROPA BELLADONNA. — Copses in the chalk districts, hedges, and waste
places, 6-8, rare. About Dorking and Box Hill ;* between Merstham
and Godstone ; base of the chalk hills near Quarry Farm ; chalk hills
about Kemsing ; Moor Park ; plentiful formerly about Tring ; Couls-
don; Cobham" (?) ; foot of the Betch worth Hills; Norbury Park;
woods about Denbies ; Ranmore Common ; Epping Forest (?) ; W. Clan-
don ; Old Park Wood, Harefield.

AVENA FATUA. — Cornfields, frequent, in Essex especially ; between Hat-
field, Broad Oak, and Fyfield, frequent ;* Claygate.

AVENA FLAVESCENS. — Dry meadows, and pastures, common, v.

AVENA ELATIOR. — Hedges, and ditch sides, common ; (plenty about London,
in hedges by the high-roads), 6-7.

AVENA PRATENSIS. — Pastures, heathy, and hilly places, 6-7. Gravel Hill,
Northfleet ; marshes between Greenwich and Woolwich (?) ; Charlton
Wood (?) ; foot of the hills opposite Brockham.* (Localities confused
with that of A. pubescens : Mr. Watson.)

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

AVENA PUBESCENS. — Dry pastures in the chalk districts, not unfrequent,
6-7. Banstead Downs,* scarce ; meadows by the Thames, Moulsey ;
foot of chalk hills W. of Dorking ;* meadows by the Mole, about Esher
(from seeds brought by floods from the Downs?) ; also E. of Merstham ;*
and E. of Shoreham.*

Avena strigosa. — Cornfields (rare), 6-7. Farnham ; occasionally between
the Rye House and Hoddesdon.

BALLOTA NIGRA. — Hedgerows, and waste places, especially near habita-
tions (plenty on the hedges about the outskirts of London), 6-10.

BARBAREA VULGAIUS. — Hedges and ditches, frequent, 5-8. By the
Thames, both sides of Hammersmith Bridge, Surrey side ;* by the
ditch on Barnes Common.*

BARBAREA ARCUATA ; B. INTERMEDIA ; B. STRICTA. — These forms, now
considered as distinct species, may be met with in similar situations.
Between Hertford and Ware ; Broxbourne Wood ; brooks at Cheshunt ;
brook at Totteridge ; Roxeth.

Barbarea prcecox. — Waste places, rare. Purley Downs (?) ; road from
Dorking to the Holmwood ; between Betchworth and Wonham Mill ;
near Brockham ; banks of the Wey, near Guildford ; Ruislip ; Pinner;*
wastes about Thames Ditton; gravelly field near N.E. boundary of
Hatfield Park on Hertford road ; Twickenham ; Apperton, near the
canal bridge, plenty.

BARKHAUSIA.— See CREPIS FCETIDA and C. TARAXIFOLIA.

BARTSIA ODONTITES. — Fields and roadsides, frequent, 6-8. (Plenty along
the banks of the Paddington Canal.)

BELLIS PERENNIS. — Pastures, frequent, 2-10.

BERBERIS VULGARIS. — Woods, hedges, and plantations, 5-6. Hedges
about Northfleet, and from Dartford Heath to Greenstreet Green, road-
side right ; between Tring stat. and Aldbury ; field by Lea Bridge road ;
Lea districts ; Iver.

BETA MARITIMA. — Muddy banks of the Thames, both sides of the river,
frequent ; between Plumstead and Erith ;* about Northfleet,* Graves-
end,* Rochester, and between Leigh and Southend,* 6-9.

BETULA ALBA. — Woods, frequent, 4-5. Epping Forest ;* Burnham Beeches ;*
woods about Leith Hill;* Warley Common;* and on Chislehurst
Common.*

BIDENS CERNUA. — Sides of ditches, ponds, and streams, common ; (plentiful
about Tottenham and Edmonton in ditches by the Lea), 7-10.

BIDENS TRIPARTITA. — In similar situations, and in marshy places, fre-
quent ; (ditches by the Lea, and banks of the Roding, Colne, and on
Colney Heath, abundant), 7-9.

BLYSMUS COMPRESSUS. — Boggy pastures near springs, very rare. Shirley
Common, olim (?) ; wet meadow near Bagshot Heath (Winch MSS., and
N. B. G.) ; bog left of Redhill road, 2 miles from Merstham (?) ; about
Ham Pond below Redstone Hill (possibly) ; and bogs, foot of Cockshott
Hill ; boggy pasture, now enclosed, opposite Beddington Park gate,
Mitcham Common;* in Hatfield Forest, (probably by the large pond
in the park). In the rill near Dulwich Wells, olim.

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Borago offidnalis. — Waste places near habitations, a garden waif, in-
cidentally.

BRACHYPODIUM SYLVATICUM. — Woods, and hedges, frequent, 7. Plenty
in the shady lanes about London ;* Epping Forest.*

BRACHYPODIUM PINNATUM. — On the open downs of the chalk range,
frequent, 7. Plentiful on Mickleham Downs ;* Reigate ;* Dorking ;*
Merrow Downs,* &c.

Brassica Napus. — Cornfields, and waste ground, frequent ; a waif of cul-
tivation, 5-6. B. Rutabaga, a mere variety.

BRASSICA RA.PA. — In similar situations, frequent; (banks of the New
River,*) 4-7.

BRIZA MEDIA. — Meadows, and pastures, chiefly on the chalk ; (plentiful on
the Surrey Downs, everywhere *), 6.

BROMUS ASPER. — Moist woods, and hedges, common ; (plentiful in lanes on
outskirts of London *), 6—7.

BROMUS ERECTUS. — Sandy fields, and roadsides, chiefly in the chalk districts,
6-7. Plentiful at the foot of the downs, facing the Weald of Kent ;* of
Reigate Hill,* and hills E. of Merstham;* Bisham Wood, and Winter Hill,
Berks ; fields between High Rocks and Waterdown Forest ; Triiig ;
chalk-pit, above Harefield.

BROMUS STERILIS. — Waste ground, fields, and hedges, common ; (plenty
about Willesden and Brondesbury, Tottenham, &c.), 6.

BROMUS COMMUTATUS. — Cornfields, and roadsides, frequent (lanes every-
where *), 6-7.

BROMUS RACEMOSUS. — Hedgebanks, in cool and shady places (at Hendon *), 6.

BROMUS SECALINUS. — Cornfields in the chalk districts, not frequent.
Field near Dartford, on the road, right, to Darent Wood * (E. de C.) ;
near Dorking * (E. de C.) ; about Brasted, 6-7.

Bromus arvensis. — Cornfields, rare, 7-8. Near Keston ; fallow field near
Dartford.* (E. de C.— Yes ; H. C. Watson.)

BROMUS GIGANTEUS. — Shady woods, and moist hedges, unfrequent (?),
Charlton Wood. In a marshy place by the Thames, between Putney and
Hammersmith ; a few plants only * (E. de C.) ; 7-8.

BRYONIA DIOICA. — Thickets and hedges ; common, (frequent in hedges by
the roadside environs of London), 5—9.

BUNIUM FLEXUOSUM. — Woods and pastures, frequent. Hampstead Heath ;*
lower part, and in Highgate Wood ;* Esher Common ;* Pinner Wood,
plenty, &c.,* Warley Common, 5-6.

BUPLEURUM FALCATUM. — Local ; roadside beyond Norton Heath, plentiful.*
On Reigate Heath (?) ; (none now).

BUPLEURUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM. — Cornfields, in a chalky or gravelly soil
over chalk, elsewhere unfrequent. Cornfields on the Surrey Downs,
olim; Epsom, Leatherhead, and Boxhill(P); between Guildford, and
St. Martha's Chapel, towards the Merrow Downs (?) ; about Dartford,
Greeuhithe, and Purfleet (?). Cornfields in Essex E. of Bishop's Stort-
ford ;* about Fyfield ;* in Herts W. of Bishop's Stortford, near Thorley.
In the weald, near Felbridge, &c. ; Streatley ; near Sutton ; cornfields
near the Hermitage, on Buckland Hill.

BUPLEURUM TENUISSIMUM. — Muddy shores of the Thames, not frequent ;

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

near Stroud ; east of Tilbury Fort * (E. de C.). Ealing Common, olim ! (?)
(Swon Amomum mistaken for it ?) 8—9.

BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS. — Ditches, ponds, &c., frequent, 8-9. Ditches border-
ing the river Lea, and canal, plenty ;* banks of the Colne,* Thames,*
Roding,* &c., 6-7.

Buxus sempervirens. — Chalky hills in Surrey, about Coulsdon, Boxhill, in
abundance ;* Haretield ; Epping Forest (?) ; 4-6.

CAKILE MARITIMA. — Local, sandy places on the shore at Southend, 6-7.

CALAMAGROSTIS EPIGEJOS. — Damp, shady woods, scarce, 7. Old Park Wood,
Harefield ; and shady lane near Harefield, leading to Rickmansworth (?) ;
Larkswood near Chingford ; near Salter's buildings, Walthamstow (?);
elsewhere in Epping Forest (possibly) ; hedgebanks about Brockham (?)
Coombe Wood, Wimbledon (?); copse near Watford over mouth of the
railway tunnel (?) ; about Virginia Water ; Weston Wood, Albury ;
wood near High Rocks, towards Tunbridge Wells; Pryor's Wood, Hertford
Heath (?) ; (none there now, nor on the heath itself). In Ball's Wood,
near Hertford* (yes; H. C. Watson); Chigwell ; up Mangrove Lane,
half a mile from Hertford (not seen, but Phragmites there in plenty) ;
hedge between Broxbourne Wood and lane, from Goose Green to
Hertford ; near Beulah Spa, Norwood (?).

CALAMAGROSTIS LANCEOLATA. — Ball's Wood near Hertford (?) ; confounded
with C. Epigcjos (?) Newland's Wood, near Rickmansworth, very rare.
(This, a much smaller plant, is more frequent in the fens than elsewhere.)

CALAMINTHA ACINOS. — Cultivated and fallow fields in the chalk districts,
and in gravelly soil with chalky substratum, frequent, 7. Between
Sutton and Banstead ;* Harefield ; Box Hill ;* hills, west of Dorking ;*
Reigate Hill ;* and hills, E. of Shoreham ; Tring ; St. Albans.

CALAMINTHA CLINOPODIUM. — Common in the chalk districts. Epsom
Downs ; Box Hill ;* Mickleham ;* Dorking ; everywhere along the range,
and occasionally on gravelly soil with a chalky substratum, 7-9. (Banks
of the Thames,* but washed down from chalk downs of Berks.)

CALAMINTHA MENTHIFOLIA. — Waysides, and borders of fields in the chalk
districts, or near them, and on gravelly soil overlying the chalk, fre-
quent, 7-9. Chalk-pits, Harefield (?); Guildford chalk-pits (?) ; hedges
about Mickleham Lane, leading from Nutfield to the downs * (E. de C.).
Roadside about Cuxton ;* plentiful in a lane at the foot of the downs,
from near Cuxton to Wrotham * (E. de C.). Lane near Chobham ; near
Egham ; about Albury ; Shiere ; Norbury Park.

CALAMINTHA NEPETA. — Banks, and waysides in the chalk districts ; rare,
7-8. Road from Dartford to Greenstreet Green (?) ; old record, lane
leading to the river at Harefield * (a few plants) ; bank behind the
railway platform, Box Hill stat.* (E. de C., a few plants) ; near Chelms-
ford and elsewhere in the neighbourhood ; Grays ; Great Warley ; between
Watford and St. Albans ; Hatfield Park.

CALLITRICHP: VERNA. — Ditches, and pools, frequent, 4-9. Everywhere.

CALLITRICHE STAGNALIS. — In similar situations ; on Putney Heath ; Fren-
sham Pond ; in ditches between Hertford and Ware ; and in Broxbourne
and Wormley woods.

CALLITRICHE HAMULATA (and TRUNCATA). — Shalford Common.

10 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

CALLITRICHE AUTUMNALIS (?). — A northern form.

CALLUNA VULGARIS. — Heaths, and moors, common, 6-8. Hampstead Heath,
&c.* (Rare in Herts : Hertford Heath ;* Wormley Wood.)*

CALTHA PALUSTRIS. — Marshes, common (plenty in marshy places by the
river Lea, Thames Bank, &c.), 3-6.

Camelina sativa. — Cultivated fields, occasionally, rare, 6-7. Tilford near
Farnham ; near Epping ; fields near Keston Common : Watford ; between
Stanstead and Ware. Among wheat in open upland fields between
Ashtead and Leatherhead.

CAMPANULA GLOMERATA. — Dry chalky pastures, frequent in the chalkdowns,
7-8. Mickleham ;* Box Hill ;* in the warren, Epsom Downs ;* Ranmore
Common, Harefield; chalk steppes, S.W. of Tring; Dorking chalkpit;
about Farnham ; Hatfield Broad Oak.

CAMPANULA HYBRIDA. — See SPECULARIA.

CAMPANULA HEDERACEA. — See WAHLENBERGIA.

CAMPANULA TRACHELIUM. — Shady woods, and lanes, frequent, 7-8. Burn-
ham Beeches; frequent in copses on the chalk range, and in lanes below
and near it ; woods about Gatton, and Cold Harbour ;* wood near Rick-
mansworth ; about Brockham ;* Dorking ;* Guildford ;* and Godalming ;
Old Park Wood, Harefield ; between Shorn and Stroud ; hills, E. of Merst-
ham ;* in a lane at the foot of the downs, leading from Wrotham to
Cuxton * (E. de C., plentiful), and in a copse near Walton Downs,
Epsom ;* Bayford woods, and copses thence to the Lea ; Tring.

CAMPANULA PATULA. — Pastures and hedges, rare, about Croydon ? (o^'m),
7. Sandy lanes, Frensham near Farnham ; side of Chobham lane, near
Windlesham church ; sparingly.

CAMPANULA RAPUNCULUS. — Gravelly wastes, 7. Duppas Hill, Croydon (?)
(olim) ; about Dorking and Mickleham ; Dartford (?) ; Enfield (?) ; Farn-
ham ; Hersham ; sparingly, olim, about Esher ; Box Hill.

CAMPANULA RAPUNCULOIDES. — Rare between Wotton and Leith Hill.

CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA. — Heaths and roadsides in healthy countries,
common (Hampstead Heath ; Barnes Common ; Putney Heath, &c.),
7-9.

CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS. — Fields and waste places, everywhere, 5-10.

CARDAMINE AMARA. — Wet meadows near rivers and river-sides ; not
unfrequent, 4-6. By the Thames, in ditches between Mortlake and
Kew ;* about Dorking ; Godalming ; by the Ravensbourne at Lewisham ;
banks of the Colne near Harefield ;* and at Oxbridge ;* swamps below
hills E. of Merstham ; in some alder-copses near Reigate ; Moor Park ;
Farnham ; by the Cran at Babe Bridge.*

CARDAMINE PRATENSIS. — Ditches and wet meadows, common (plentiful by
the Thames and by the Lea, &c.), 4-6.

CARDAMINE HIRSUTA. — Moist shady places everywhere," especially on
ditch-banks, 3-8.

CARDAMINE IMPATIENS. — Rare, 5-8. Godalming woods and in Catshall
copse near Godalming.

CARDUUS ACANTHOIDES. — See C. CRISPUS,

CARDUUS ACAULIS. — Dry gravelly and (especially) on dry chalky pastures,
6-7, there abundant. Banstead Downs ;* Surrey downs everywhere ;*
Moulsey Hurst ;* Hatfield Forest ;* Kentish downs ;* Tring.*

I. FLOWEEING PLANTS. 11

CARDUUS ARVENSIS. — Waste places, fields, commons, roadsides everywhere,
frequent, 7.

CARDUUS CRISPUS. — In similar situations with the preceding, and almost
as frequent, 6-8.

CARDUUS ERIOPHORUS. — Waste ground in the chalk districts, rare, 7-8.
Stone chalk-pit near Greenhithe (? olim ; often mistaken for C. lan-
ceolatus, ' Cybele Britannica ') ; near White Boding.

CARDUUS LANCEOLATUS. — Pastures, roadsides, and waste places, common,
7-8.

Carduus Marianum. — See Silybum.

CARDUUS NUTANS. — Waste ground in dry stone and chalky soil, common
in the chalk districts, 7. Boxhill ;* Banstead Downs ;* Tring ; in fields
below Albury Nowers Wood, abundant occasionally with white flowers ;*
Mickleham, about Northfleet and Purfleet ;* fields near Dartford
towards Daren t Wood.*

CARDUUS TENUIFLORUS. — Waste sandy ground and in chalky fields, not
common. Cornfield on Reigate Hill ;* and elsewhere occasionally in the
chalk district ; Purfleet ; Tilbury ; Boxmoor, near.

CARDUUS PRATENSIS. — Wet pastures and on damp heaths and moors ; not
uncommon, 6—8. Dittou Common, plenty ;* Esher Common ;* Putney
Heath ;* Wimbledon Common ;* Rickmansworth Common Moor ; about
Dorking : Croydon ; Epping Forest.

CARDUUS PALUSTRIS. — Moist meadows and shady places ; frequent, 7.
(Plenty lower part of Hampstead Heath ;* Wimbledon Common and
Coombe Wood.*)

CARDUUS FORSTERI (hybrid) Surrey ; (? olim ; an obscurity ; Cybele Brit.)

CAREX ACUTA. — Marshy meadows and wet pastures; 5-6, by the Lea; pas-
ture by the Thames near Putney * (E. de C.) ; pond in Ball's Wood ; Hod-
desdon marsh ; by the Thames about Ditton and Sunbury ; by the Mole
near Esher mills and S. of Woodhatch ; Reigate ; banks of the Roding
towards Loughton * (E. de C.) ; ditches between Hertford and Ware.

CAREX AMPULLACEA. — Bogs on peaty commons and borders of ponds in
similar localities. Felbridge ; Reigate Heath ;* Earlswood Common ;
Witley Lagg ;* Hatfield Forest ; banks of the Roding, not common, 5-6.

CAREX ARENARIA. — Sandy sea-shores, 5-6 (rarely inland). On sandy
shore near Southend ; sandy commons about Farnham ! and Frensham !*

CAREX AXILLARIS. — Marshes, rare. The Ledds near Esher Common ;
Merstham pools (?).

CAREX BCENNINGHAUSENIANA. — Swampy woods, very rare, 6. In a
willow bed near Bourne mill, Farnham, ('Botanical Gazette'). Ball's
Wood near Hertford, in ponds there towards S.W. corner of Hertford
Heath j1 near Reigate.

CAREX BINERVIS. — Dry heaths and moors, frequent. Wimbledon Common ;*
Esher Common;* abundant on the Bucks heaths; Hertford Heath; Black-
fan Wood, Bayford ; Harrow Weald Common ; Whitemoor Common ;*
Pirbright Common ;* Stoke Common ;* Farnham Common by Burnham
Beeches;* Gerard's Cross Common;* 6, Epping Forest ; Warley Common.
CAREX C^ESPITOSA. — See C. STRICTA.

i Doubtful: see Report for 1874, p. 88 of Botanical Locality ^Record Club. An
unsatisfactory species ; Comp. Cybele.

12 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

CAREX CURTA. — Bogs and ditches, 6. Reigate Heath ;* Whitemoor Common ;

fc. Janes in a hollow near Neasdon ;* hedge at Totteridge ;* Virginia Water.

CAREX DIOICA. — Bogs, rare, 5-6 ; perhaps often overlooked. Shirley
Common ; peat bogs in Waterdown Forest.

CAREX DIVISA. — Marshy meadows and borders of ditches near the sea ;
plentiful in the ditches and pastures below Woolwich and beyond ; on
both sides of the river.*

CAREX DISTICHA. — Marshy ground, 5-6, not common, 6. In the ravine,
Wimbledon Common ;* woods, Harefield ; bog in Epping Forest ; Hat-
field forest ; Barking ; Hoddesdon Marsh ; pond in Blackfan Wood,
Bay ford ; Ruislip reservoir.

CAREX DIVULSA. — Moist pastures and ditches, 5-6. About Brockham ;
Betchworth ; Mickleham ; between Ditton and Claygate ; ditch by the
roadside between Kingsbury and Hill Farm* (E. de C.).

CAREX ' DEPAUPERATA. — Dry woods, rare, 5-6. Charlton Wood ; woods
near Godalming ; chalk-pit near Effingham (W. Reeves).

CAREX DISTANS. — Muddy salt-marshes near the sea, 6. Possibly on fhe
banks of the Thames below Greenwich and Tilbury ; " reports from
inland stations erroneous, C. tinervis mistaken for it " (H. C. Watson).

CAREX ELONGATA. — Marshes, rare. Meadows between the canal and river
Weybridge, 6.

CAREX FLAVA. — Turfy bogs, frequent, 6. Plenty on Wimbledon Common
and Hampstead Heath.

CAREX FULVA. — Boggy meadows, not common. Field near Harrow Weald
Common ; (doubtful species, Bot. Gazette) Little Berkhampstead.

CAREX GLAUCA. — Moist meadows and moors, common. Pinner ;* Stan-
more ;* Mickleham Downs ;* plenty, 6.

CAREX HIRTA. — Wet pastures, woods, and ditches, frequent (Wimbledon
Common ;* Putney Heath*), 6.

CAREX INTERMEDIA. — See C. DISTICHA.

CAREX L^EVIGATA. — Boggy thickets, rare, 6. In a thicket near Warley
Common ; Windsor Great Park ; woods near Tunbridge Wells, frequent ;
wet places on Stanmore Heath ; Spring Copse, Burgate, near Godal-
ming ; meadow among the Willows near Mortlake.*

CAREX MURICATA. — Marshy and gravelly pastures, common (waste
ground by the Paddington Canal*), 5-6.

CAREX (EDERI. — In similar situations. Bell Bar bog, Herts, not frequent,
5-6. Warley Common ; Hertford Heath ; bogs at Little Berkhamp-
stead ; Hatfield woodside and Kentish lane, Hatfield Park ; by Pembridge
lane ; Hoddesdon new marsh ; Holmwood ; Whitemoor Common.

CAREX OVALIS. — Bogs and marshy places, common ; (plenty about the
bog on Hampstead Heath*), 6.

CAREX PULICARIS. — Bogs, frequent, 5-6. Putney Heath ;* Epping Forest,
near High Beech ; Hainault Forest, near Fairlop ; Shirley Common ;
Blackfan Wood, Bayford ; bog at Little Berkhampstead; at Hattield
woodside ; marshes, Stanborough ; Hoddesdon Marsh ; Bell Bar bog ;
Reigate Heath.

CAREX PANICULATA. — Swampy and spongy bogs, not common, 6. Merst-
ham pools ; Great Berkhampstead ; Pondyards and Little Mill, St.
Albans ; Harefield, other side of the canal in abundance ;* in the Lea ;

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 13

Warley Common ; swampy copse near Hampton Lodge, Puttenham *
(E. de C.).

CAREX PILULIFERA. — Moors, frequent, 6. Wimbledon Common ;* Colney
Heath ;* Coulsdon Common ;* Hayes Common ;* Warley Common ;
Epping Forest.

CAREX PR^ECOX. — Dry pastures and heaths, not very frequent. Hayes
Common ;* Richmond Park ;* Box Hill ;* Warley Common ; Epping
and Hainault Forests ; Ruislip.

CAREX PALLESCENS. — Marshy places, not very frequent, 6. Oxhey
Wood ;* wood by Pinner Lane, Watford (? the same) ; marshy meadows
below Merstham pools ; Warley Common ; Epping Forest near Hale End ;
woods S. of Hertford, also in Broxbourne, Wormley, and Hoddesdon
woods ; by the lake, Bentley Priory ; bogs above Peslik, Shiere ; copse
between Hook village and grounds of Ruxley Lodge, Claygate ; Spring
Copse, Burgate.

CAREX PANICEA. — Marshy places and bogs, common (Hampstead Heath ;*
Putney Heath ;* Stanmore Marsh ;* Harrow Weald Common),* 6.

CAREX PENDULA. — Ditches in damp cool woods, not frequent, but plenti-
ful where it occurs, 5—6. Wormley Wood,* abundant ; Alders Copse,
Whetstone ; Pinner Wood ;* Ruislip ;* Hatfield Forest ; Warley Com-
mon; woods S. and S.W. of Hertford.

CAREX PSEUDO-CYPERUS. — Sides of ponds and ditches, not very general
by the ditch on Barnes Common ;* in a pond near Edgware ;* Felbridge ;
boggy thicket, Warley Common ; ponds S. and S.W. of Hertford, 6.

CAREX PALUDOSA. — Banks of rivers and ditches, common. (Ditch by the
Thames between Hammersmith and Putney ;* pond near Finchley).*

CAREX REMOT A. — Damp woods, swamps and ditches, in shady places,
frequent (ditches about Kingsbury ;* Esher ;* Putney Heath*), 6.

CAREX RIPARIA. — Banks of rivers, common (banks of the Thames;*
and Lea,* plenty), 6.

CAREX STELLULATA. — Bogs, common (Putney Heath ;* Hampstead
Heath*), 5-6.

CAREX STRICTA. — Bogs and sides of rivers, not common ; unless mistaken
for Carex acuta. A tuft or two on Putney Heath ;* by the Roding ;*
Plaistow marshes.

CAREX STRIGOSA. — Shady woods and lanes, rare, 6. Moss Lane, Pinner;
woods about Farnham ; lane near Woodford ; Lam bourne Parsonage ;
Quicks Hill Wood, Hertford Heath; Blackfan Wood, Bayford, and
Essendon Glebe woods ; watercourse E. side of Brickendon lane ; Hod-
desdon, Wormley, and Broxbourne woods ; Walton and Weybridge
commons.

CAREX SYLVATICA. — Shady woods, frequent, 5-6. Harefield ;* Coulsdon ;*
forests of Epping and Worley ; Hatfield.

CAREX TERETIUSCULA. — Boggy and watery meadows, not common, 6.
Wimbledon Common, west of the mill in one place ;* by the side of the
Paddington canal near Willesden Junction, a tuft or two ;* near Epping ;
ponds in Broxbourne woods.

CAREX VULPINA. — Ditches, &c., common, and by the side of rivers ;
(plenty by the Thames,* and Lea, £c.*), 5-6.

14 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

CAREX VULGARIS. — Marshes and wet pastures, common (Hampstead

Heath;* Putney Heath ;* Ruislip moor*), 5-6.
CAREX VESICARIA. — Bogs and river sides, not common, 5-6. Pryor's Wood,

Hatfield Heath, in a swamp* (E. de C.) ; Colney Heath ; Reigate Heath ?

((?. ampullacea mistaken for it ?) Ruislip reservoirs ; near Hersham

Elstree reservoir ; peat bog, Moor Park, Farnham ; by the Roding

Barking ; by the Mole (Sidlaw Bridge) ; in a pond below Bisham Wood

in Bayford Wood ; road from Bayford to Little Berkhampstead, right

side ; in pools of the Colne near Colney Heath ; between Gracious Pond

and Woking station.
CARLINA VULGARIS. Dry hilly pastures in the chalk districts abundant,

rare elsewhere, 6-9. Box Hill and the Betchworth hills;* hills W.

of Dorking,* and in many other places along the range ;* Bansteac).

Downs;* Burnham Beeches; Rusthall Common; Tring ; St. Albans ;

Great Berkhampstead Common.
CARPINUS BETULUS. Woods and hedges, also in plantations, common ;

(abundant in Epping Forest and on Warley Common*), 5.
Carum Carui. — Incidentally, near gardens and habitations. Abundant in

Hyde Park near the Albert memorial* (E. de C.) ; railway bank, Pinner ;

waste ground, by canal, W. Drayton.

Castanea vulf/aris. — Plantations, frequent about London in enclosures, 5-7.
CATABROSA AQUATICA. Pools and ditches, frequent (Barnes Common,*

&c. ; ditches by the Thames,* Lea,* &c.), 7-8.
CAUCALIS DAUCOIDES. — Cornfields in a chalky soil, not very common, 6.

About the Betchworth hills ; Banstead Downs ; about Dartford, Erith,

Northfleet, and Gravesend ; roadside from Dorking to the Epsom Downs ;

Broomfield ; summit of Buckland Hill in fallow fields ; near Hitchin,

plenty.

CENTAUREA NIGRA. — Meadows, pastures, and waysides ; common every-
where (plenty by the banks of the Paddington canal *), 6-9.
CENTAUREA SCABIOSA. — Barren pastures, cornfields, and roadsides, espe-
cially in the chalk districts ; plenty about Sutton,* and the Banstead

Downs.* also in cornfields, Surrey side of the Thames opposite Tedding-

ton,* 7-9.
CENTAUREA CYANUS. — Cornfields, frequent, but not abundant. Cornfield

near Foots Cray ;* Caterham Junction ;* Essex cornfields ;* cornfield,

summit of Reigate Hill ;* about Hertford ; Watford.
CENTAUREA CALCITRAPA. — Gravelly commons and waste places near the

sea not frequent, but generally plentiful where it occurs, 7-8. Barnes

Common, plenty ;* near Northfleet by the roadside * (E. de C.) ;

about Woodford (olini) ? ; West Ham; Plaistow ;* Tilbury Fort;

Dartford.
Centaurea sohtitialis. — Rare, 7-9, in fields incidentally. Among lucerne

at Essendon Glebe.
Centranthus ruber. — Old walls and ruins, and on chalk cliffs ; plentiful

in the Greenhithe and Northfleet chalk-pits ;* old chalk-pits, Dartford ;

old walls between Foots Cray Church and Hurst (pliiri) ? old chalk-pit

by the Higham Station,* 6-9.
CENTUNCULUS MINIMUS. — Moist, sandy, and gravelly fields, not very

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 15

common, perhaps often overlooked ; Barnes ; Shirley Common ; between
Frant and Ttmbridge Wells by the road ; low marshy ground by the
paper mills, Hounslow ; Chislehurst Common ; High Beech, Epping
Forest ; about Hampton Court ; Reigate Heath* (scarce) ; Farnham
Common, where the turf hus been cut ; Gerard's Cross Common ; Colney
Heath ; Bagshot Heath* (E. de C.) ; Esher Common, opposite front of Clare-
mont ; by a pond near the gravel fields between Hersham Green and
St. George's Hill, 6-7.

CEPHALANTHERA ENSIFOLIA. — Beech woods on the chalk range, rare,
local, 5—6. Between Mickleham and Headley in a wood left ; borders of
Cobham Park, or woods beyond, towards Cuxton ?

CEPHALANTHERA GRANDIFLORA. — Beech woods on the chalk range;
frequent, 5-6. Reigate Hill ;* hills E. of Merstham * (near Caterham) ;
hills E. of Shoreham ;* about Gatton, Chipstead, Mickleham,* Box Hill ;
Hill Hall woods.

CERASTIUM ARVENSE. — Cornfields in a sandy soil, frequent ; near Ham ;*
about Weybridge ;* slopes of Chobham ridges ;* about Chobham ;* fields
at the foot of the hills E. of Wrotham,* 4-8.

CERASTIUM GLOMERATUM. — Fields and roadsides everywhere, common,* 4—9.

CERASTIUM TRIVIALE. — Pastures, waste places, and wall-tops, common,*
4-9.

CERASTIUM SEMIDECANDRUM. — Waste places and wall-tops, not frequent,
perhaps often overlooked. Shirley Common ;* Hampstead Heath, 3—5.

CERASTIUM PUMILUM. — Rare, dry banks near Croydon (Curtis), subject of
controversy ; vide Cyb. Brit. i. 230, and app. iv.

CERASTIUM TETRAJSTDRUM. Waste ground, walls and sandy places near
the sea, local, 5-7. Tilbury ; Southend ; and Shoebury Common.

CERASTIUM AQUATICUM. — See STELLARIA AQUATICA.

CERATOPHYLLUM AQUATICUM. — Slow streams, ditches and pools ; Thames
near Hampton Court, river Lea about Tottenham and Chingford ;* pond
on Ditton Marsh ;* and in Epping Forest ; Hatfield Forest ; many places
between Hertford and Ware, in the Lea and adjoining ditches ; ponds at
Roxeth ; Ruislip ; Thames and adjoining drains about Walton Bridge
and Sunbury Lock ; Gatton Pond in the Park ; in the Mole near Esher
Mills, frequent (var. submersum is rare), 6-7.

CH^EROPHYLLUM ANTHRISCUS. — Waste places and roadsides, especially near
habitations. (Plenty about Fulham towards Hammersmith,* and by the
roadside from Barnes to Mortlake ;* also near Barnes Common, on a
bank right from Hammersmith.)*

CHJEROPIIYLLUM SYLVESTRE. — Hedges and borders of fields, common ;
(plenty in hedges about West-end railway station * and lanes about Tot-
tenham *), 4-6.

CHJEROPHYLLUM TEMULUM. — Hedges and roadsides, common (in lanes about
Tottenham ;* &c., with the preceding), 6-7.

Chocrophyllum sativum. — A garden waif incidentally near habitations ? 6.

Cheirantlms Cheiri. — Old walls and ruins about towns and villages ; walls
about St. Albans and Waltham Abbey,* 4.

CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. — Waste places about villages &c., frequent. 5-8.
Moulsey,* Godalming,* &c.

16 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

CHENOPODIUM BONUS-HENRICUS. — Waysides and waste places, frequent

(Hatfield Forest ; West Ham ; Barking), 5-8.
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM. — Fields and waste places, common (everywhere in

the London suburbs), 7-9.
CHENOPODIUM GLAUCUM. — Waste places, not very common ; about London ;

in a waste place near West-end railway station ;* Chingford Hatch, 8-9.
CHENOPODIUM OLIDUM. — Waste places and by roadsides ; not common, 8-9.

About Putney ; Woolwich ; Walthamstow ; by the railway bridge near

the station, Willesden ;* Wimbledon Common road to Kingston in the

hollow ;* Purfleet ; Southend ; about St. Albans.

CHENOPODIUM RUBBUM. — Dunghills and under walls, 8-9 ; also in salt-
marshes. Warley Common ; Purfleet ; Southend ; Weston Green ; Milwood

Green ; Hoddesdon old mill.
CHENOPODIUM HYBRIDUM. — Waste places and cultivated fields about

London, 8.
CHENOPODIUM URBICUM. — Waste places near houses ; 8. Outskirts of

Epping Forest, between Hoddesdon and Hertford Heath ; near Chobham,

a var.
CHENOPODIUM FICIFOLIUM. — Dunghills and waste ground about London

and Tilbury, 8-9.

CHENOPODIUM POLYSPERMUM. — Waste places and fields, on rubbish.
CHENOPODIUM MURALE. — Waste places near habitations. Hoddesdon, N.

of the town towards Ware, 8-9. l
CIILORA PERFOLIATA. — Pastures and downs in the chalk districts. Croy-

don;* Box Hill and Betchworth hills;* Rebate Hill;* hills E. of

Merstham ;* hills W. of Dorking ;* E. of Shoreham ;* E. of Wrotham,*

abundant ; stone chalk pits, Greenhithe, do. ;* Tring downs ;* Harefield ;

Colsdon ; Hog's Back ;* chalk-pits E. of Hatfield Park ; Stanstead, borders

of Thrift Wood.
CHRYSANTHEMUM LEUCANTHEMUM. — Dry pastures and railway banks,

common everywhere (in profusion about Wands worth ; Clapham

Junction &c. ; Paddington Canal banks *), 7-9.
CHRYSANTHEMUM SEGETUM. — Cornfields, frequent ; especially in Herts and

in Essex near Wormley west end, in profusion ;* field leading to

Telegraph Hill also in abundance ;* near Colney Heath, towards Spring-
field station,* 6-9.

CHRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENIUM. — See MATRICARIA.
CHRYSANTHEMUM INODORUM. — See MATRICARIA.
CHRYSANTHEMUM CHAMOMILLA. — See MATRICARIA.
CHRYSANTHEMUM TANACETUM. — See TANACETUM.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM ALTERNIFOLIUM. — Boggy places near springs, rare, 4—6,

Littleton bridge, Reigate ; and in lane by Wonham Mill ; in an alder

swamp S.E. of Reigate Heath, &c. ; * water-courses near Unsted Bridge ;

Epping Forest (near Epping) ; Thrift Wood, Chelmsford ; Clifden Wood

near Taplow.
CHRYSOSPLENIUM OPPOSITIFOLIUM. — Sides of rivulets in woods and in

similar situations as the preceding, rare ; Epping Forest ; meadow below

1 Species difficult to determine ; any number may be made. Vide Moquin, in
vol. iiu of De Candolle's ' Prodromus.'

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 17

Coney Farm, Harefield ; moist copses between Shelford and St. Martha's
Chapel, Guildford ; Wonham, near Buckland ; in an alder copse with the
preceding near Reigate Heath ;* swamps below the hills E. of Merstham ;
by brook, S. end of Broxbourne Wood ; Wormley Wood ; banks of brook
near Theobalds, Cheshunt ; wood near Beaumont Green ; Quick's Hill
Wood, Hertford Heath ; plentifully by a spring in Bramfield Brook
bottom ; near Totteridge in a spring near Bourne End, Watford ; near
Claygate ; near Walton Bridge ; swamp near Redhill railway station, 4-6
Bishop's Wood, Highgate ; foot of Boar Hill.

CICENDIA FILIFORMIS. — Rare. Tilgate Forest, bog between Pease Pottage
gate and Starvemouse Plain.

CICHORIUM INTYBUS. — Borders of fields, waste places, and roadsides
especially in the chalk districts, frequent, 7-10. (Plenty between
Carshalton and Banstead.*)

ClCUTA VIROSA. — Swamps and pits, rare. Swamp in Wormley Wood on its
western border ;* swampy pool near Appleby, two miles W. of Cheshunt *
(E. de C., 1876); (localities in Middlesex erroneous? 'Cybele,' (Enanthe
fluviatilis mistaken for it ?) ponds near Brickendon Green, Herts ? (No
longer there.)

CINERARIA. — See SENECIO CAMPESTRIS.

CiRC^A LUTETIANA. — Shady woods and lanes, common ; White Hart Lane,
Tottenham;* Telegraph Hill, Ditton, and lane leading from Esher to the
lower part of Winter Downs,* 6-8. Epping Forest, near Woodford.*

Claytonia perfoliata. — An alien ; incidentally. Turf-bank near the wind-
mill, Wimbledon ; hedgebank, Weybridge Common.

CLEMATIS VITALBA. — Hedges and copses, chiefly in the chalk districts ;
abundant, 7-9. Plenty about Croydon, in roads leading to Selsdon and
Sanderstead ; Riddlesdown.

COCHLEARIA OFPiciNALis. — Rare, local, by the seashore, Southend,* in no
great quantity to the W. of it, 5-8.

COCHLEARIA ANGLICA. — Muddy shores of the Thames below Woolwich, on
both sides, in several places ;* between Greenwich and Woolwich.*

COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. — Meadows and pastures, rare, 8-10. Meadow
left of the London road adjoining W. end of Wray Common.

COM ARUM PALUSTRE. — Marshes and bogs, local, rare, in S.W. Surrey only,
5-7. Reigate Heath ? not seen there ; Keston Common ? (olim) ; ditches
in Pound Lane, Epsom ? (not now) ; Wormley Wood, in the swamp w^ ith
Cicuta ? (olim) ; Rickmans worth Common Moor ? In bogs on the common
near Tilford * (yes, and plenty on the borders of a pond there ;* above
what was formerly Abbots Pond, now a pasture) ; N.E. corner of a pond
on Puttenham Common, near some alders ;* Ball's Wood, Herts, pond
N. end; Pryor's Wood, Hertford Heath?

CONIUM MACULATUM. — Waste places, ditches and hedge borders in damp
shady localities ; frequent ; 6-7. Old lane lending from Kingsbury to
Whitechurch ;* hedge in the hollow between Neasdon and the railway
bridge right, in a blind lane ;* Ruislip Moor ;* hedge-side in a field
close to Park Station, Tottenham ;* swamp near Merstham ; Boxhill ;*
Shiere ; Albury.

CONVALLARIA MAJALis. — Woods and coppices, in cool damp places, 5-6 ,

c

18 A NEW LONDON FLOE A.

Croham Hurst, near Croydon ;* about Coulsdon ; Guildford ; copse near
Worplesdon ; wood near Chislehurst, left before reaching the place ;
Darent Wood ;* wood on Winchmore Hill ; Farnham Common, under
Caesar's camp ; Ongar ; Epping Forest, near High Beech ; near Warley
Common ; Hurtwood Common ; Reading (in an island) ; Clifden Wood ;
Pryor's Wood, Hertford Heath ; wood near Leggatts, Northaw ; Wormley
Wood (on Foulwell's Farm) ; Stubbins' Wood, S.W. of Tring.

CONVALLARIA MULTIFLORA. — See POLYGONATUM.

CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS. — Cornfields and roadside hedges, common, every-
where, 6-7.

CONVOLVULUS SEPIUM. — Moist woods and hedges, common. (Lanes about
Tottenham and Edmonton, plenty.)

CONVOLVULUS SOLDANELLA. — Local, seashores ; on the shore at Southend.

Coriandrum sativum. — Occasionally by the Thames, rare, elsewhere inci-
dentally ; lane between Dorking and Ranmore ; Southend ; Thames bank
between Greenwich and Woolwich ; a plant or two.*

CORNUS SANGUINEA. — Hedges and thickets, especially in the chalk districts,
also in plantations ; (plentiful about Dorking ; Box Hill and along the
chalk range, Croydon towards Selsdon &c.), 6-7.

CORONOPUS. — See SENEBIERA.

CORYDALIS CLAVICULATA. — Bushy and shady places on or near a gravelly
soil, 6. Shooter's Hill in a gravel pit? (olim) • about Coulsdon ; Grays
Wood, near Godalming ; wet copses about Reigate Heath ;* moist woods
about Abinger and foot of Leith Hill ; about the north base of Boar
Hill ; sandy ground near the old camp, Wimbledon* (hedgebank) ;
Keston Common ; High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells ; about Shiere and
Albury.

CORYDALIS LUTEA. — Old walls, not unfrequent, Highgate ;* Greenwich ;*
Eltham ;* St. Albans Abbey (plim).

CORYLUS AVELLANA. — Woods, copses and hedgerows, common everywhere,
2-4.

COTYLEDON UMBILICUS. — Walls and housetops, incidentally, 6-8, not
frequent. Devil's Jumps, (on cottage walls) near Frensham.

CRATyEGUS OXYACANTHA. — Woods and hedges, common everywhere, 5-6.
Var. oxycanthoides, Hatfield.

CREPIS BIENNIS. — Chalky pastures, rare. Boxhill ; Banstead Downs, near
Ewell ; between Gravesend and Rochester ; Morant's Court Hill.

CREPIS FCETIDA. — Dry chalky ground, 6-7, rare. Banstead Downs (?) ;
about Greenhithe ; Northfleet ; Purfleet ; Gravesend ; Grays ; clover field,
Chessington ; here and there on the chalk from Knockholt to Wrotham ;
old quarries W. of Dorking ; field behind Juniper Hill, Mickleham.

CREPIS TARAXACIFOLIA. — Chalky pastures on the North Downs not unfre-
quent ; Sutton near the station (Topogr. Bot.) ; Cobham, Surrey; Green-
hithe :* chalky banks, foot of the downs E. of Wrotham * (E. de C.) ;
Purfleet ; Grays ; Leigh ; Erith ; Dorking chalk-pits.

CREPIS PALUDOSA. — Moist woods and rocky places (?). Marshy meadows
below Woolwich ;* and near Erith,* plenty ; local.

CREPIS VIRENS. — Dry pastures ; walls ; roofs ; hedges ; everywhere,
common, 6-9.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 19

Crocus vernus. — Meadows and fields, rare. Meadows at Totteridge ;
Brook man's Park, N. Minims, 4—5.

CUSCUTA EPITHYMUM. — Parasitic on Calluna, Heaths, frequent ; on all
the Surrey heaths ;* Wimbledon Common.*

CUSCUTA EUROP^EA. — Parasitic on nettles, thistles, &c., rare, 7-8. On
nettles, foot of Box Hill ? (dim) ; Brockham (?) by the Mole (olim) ;
Epping Forest ; Warley Common ; osier holt by the road a little
above Guildford ; at Reading, on lucerne ; near Chertsey and at Maiden-
head, abundant (olim) ; by the Mole, Cobham.

CUSCUTA EPILINUM. — On flax, rare, 8. * Cybele Brit.' ii. iii.

CUSCUTA TRIFOLII. — On clover, rare, 7-9. Fyfield ; Winter Hill, Berks ; top
of Reigate Hill ; Redhill ; and High Trees Farm, Brockham ; Guildford.

CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE. — Waste ground, and by waysides, especially in
the chalk districts, 6-7. Mickleham Wood, above the church ;* about
Dartford ;* (in the marshes) Greenhithe and Northfleet ; Erith ;*
Gravesend ;* plenty, banks of the canal, a mile or two towards Higham
(E. de C.) ; Southend ; Smitham Bottom (?) ; Guildford ; Farnborough ;
Keston Common ; Purfleet ; Richmond Park ; Trumpets Hill, Reigate ;
Hatfield Park ; Ware Park ; near Ware, by the London road.

CYNOGLOSSUM MONTANUM. — Shady woods and roadsides, not common, more
frequent in Essex, 6-7. Between Chingford and Walthamstow (olim) \
Larks Wood, Chingford, and elsewhere perhaps in Epping Forest ;
about Fyfield ;* Hatfield Forest * (E. de C.) ; Hainault Forest (or in
copses the remainder of it) ; Southend, near Eltham (olim) ; Braxted,
by the roadside ; below Whitehill, hills E. of Merstham * (E. de C.) ; in
Norbury Park, plenty ; Purfleet, in the wood there ; Cashiobury Park.

CYNOSURUS CRISTATUS. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 7. (Plenty about
Hendon.*)

Cyperus fuscus. — Rare, local, 8-9. Borders of one of the ponds on Shalford
Common ; plenty.*

DACTYLIS GLOMERATA.— Pastures and roadsides, common everywhere,
7-8.

DAPHNE LAUREOLA. — Woods and thickets, frequent in the chalk districts,
2-5. Mickleham ; Box Hill and the Betchworth hills ; Epping Forest ;
woods about Harefield ; on the Hog's Back ;* Long Valley Wood,
Rickmansworth ; woods E. of Shoreham ;* in a grove at Breakspeares,
Harefield.

DAPHNE MEZEREUM. — Woods, rare ; about Coulsdon ; Boxhill ; near Stroud
House, Godalming ; Bisham Wood, Berks, 3-4.

DAUCUS CAROTA. — Pastures, borders of fields, and roadsides, common, every-
where ; especially in the chalk districts, 6-7. (Plenty between Carshalton
and Banstead.)

Delphinium Ajacis. — Sandy or chalky fields, and incidentally near gardens
and habitations, 6-7. Cornfields in Ditton parish ; cornfields about
Reigate (olim} ; and about Croydon (olim). Cornfields, Hoddesdon ; by
the stream at High Rocks.

DENTARIA BULBIFERA. — Shady and moist woods, rare ; Old Park Wood
Harefield,* abundant (enclosed), also in Garret Wood, Pinner side of

C 2

20 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Harefield ; near Croydon ; in a wood near Wallington (olim) • on rocks
by the rivulet at High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells, plentiful, and elsewhere
in the neighbourhood; wood adjoining High Wood at Kickmans worth,
4-5.

Di ANTHUS ARMERIA. — Pastures and hedges, not frequent. About Coulsdon ;
road from Mickleham to Dorking ? (olim) ; Charlton Wood, olim ; about
Dartford ; Darent Wood ; between Shorne and Stroud ; about Eltham ;
Bromley ; Woodford ; Harefield ; Albury ; between Cobham and Cuxton ;
bushy places on the high bank between Southend and Leigh ; lane by
Trumpets Hill, Reigate ; and on Redstone Hill ; Epping Forest ; Frith
Hill, Godalming ; about Hertford and Hatfield ; gravel pit, left of the
road from Hovvell Farm to Hatfield ; and abundantly near old pit short
of this ; gravel pit, Hertingfordbury road ; Mangrove Lane ; wood
between Panshanger House and Hertford Lodge ; bridle way from Great
Berkhampstead to Bovingdon, near Bottom Farm ; Denbies Hill, Dorking ;
footpath between Guildford and Albury.

DIANTHUS DELTOIDES. — Gravelly pastures, rare, Thames side near Tedding-
ton Lock, sparingly;* about Coulsdon ; Duppas Hill, Croydon ; Hampton
Court ; Totteridge Green, back of Osmund's Barn, 6-9.

DIANTHUS PROLIFER. — Gravelly pastures, rare, between Teddington and
Hampton Court? (dim), 6-10.

DIGITALIS PURPUREA. — Dry banks and woods in hilly situations (not
frequent in the chalk districts except in deep overlying gravel drift),
common. Borders of Coombe Wood, Wimbledon ;* Croham Hurst ;
Croydon ;* Chislehurst ; Keston Common ; Epping Forest ;* Warley
Common ;* Darent Wood ;* woods on the flanks of Leith Hill ;* lanes
W. of Dorking ;* Harrow Weald Common.

DIGITARIA HUMIFUSA. — Sandy fields, rare, about Weybridge ? (olim) ;
about St. Martha's Chapel, Guildford, 7-8.

DIGRAPHIS ARUNDINACEA. — Sides of ponds, rivers, ditches, common every-
where. (Plenty on the banks of the Lea and canal ;* Thames and ditches
near.*)

DIPLOTAXIS TENUIFOLIA. — Waste places by the Thames, and in chalk-pits,
abundant, less frequent elsewhere ; plenty in the Greenhithe and
Northfleet chalk-pits ; * by the Thames in several places below Woolwich
on both sides;* also above London, occasionally ; Moulsey;* Sunbury,*
6-9.

DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS. — Sandy fields, rare, Tilbury ; Southend ; Watford ;
8-9.

DIPSACUS SYLVESTRIS. — Hedges, roadsides and waste places, common, 7
(frequent about London ; railway banks near the Finchley Road ;* by
the Thames at Putney), * 8-9.

DIPSACUS PILOSUS. — Moist hedges, rare. Hedges between Wanstead and
Barking ? (olim) ; wood between Chislehurst and Orpington ; about
Guildford plentiful ; near Moor Hall, Harefield ; Beeching Wood, Norbury
Park ; Ball's Wood, Herts, and ditches near * (E. de C.) ; in a shady lane
leading from Wrotham to Cuxton, about 1§ miles E. of Wrotham *
(E. de C.) ; between Chingford and Waltham Abbey ; near Chilworth ;
Sonning Lane ; Roydon Lane, Stanstead ; Bayford Wood ; Essendonbury

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 21

Lane, S. of Brickendonbury, &c. ; in the wood near the boggy meadow,

back of high grounds, Hoddesdon.
Doronicum Pardalianches. — Incidentally in damp and hilly woods, rare,

5-7.
Doronicum plantagineum. — Incidentally, in damp places, rare, 6-7.

Fyfield ; Shooter's Hill, left of lane through West Wood and among the

trees? (1848); wood near Chislehurst ? (184-8).
DRABA VERNA. — Walls arid dry banks, common (on old mud-topped walls,

everywhere in the suburbs of London), * 3—6.
DROSERA INTERMEDIA. — Bogs, mostly on peaty heaths and chiefly in

Surrey ; Esher Common ;* Chobham Common ;* Pirbright Heath ;*

Bagshot Heath ;* Elstead and Puttenham Commons ;* bogs about

Farnham ; near Fel bridge; Ruislip and Harrow heaths; Warley

Common ? Haretield ? (olirri) ; Burnham Beeches, bogs near, 7-8.
DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA. — Bogs generally, and on moist heaths. Common

in Surrey ; scarce in Herts, Essex and Middlesex. Plenty in the bog on

Hampstead Heath ;* Putney Heath ;* Esher Common ;* Reigate Heath,*

&c.

Echinochloa Crus-galli. — Fields near London ? (plim) rare, 7.

ECHIUM VULGARE. — Banks, fields and waste ground, especially in a sandy

or gravelly soil, very common in the chalk districts, rare elsewhere.

Everywhere on the Surrey and Kentish downs,* 6-7. Plentiful between

Carshalton and Banstead.*
ELATINE HEXANDRA. — Margins of ponds, rare, local, 7-9. Lowermost of

the Cutmill ponds on Puttenham Common; Frensham Pond; Silk Mill

Pond on Thursley Common ; Dam Head Cascade, Virginia Water ;

Felbridge Pools ; Hedge Court millpond, S. side ; small pond on the

heath not far from Pirbright.
ELATINE HYDROPIPER. — Ponds with the other on Puttenham and Thursley

commons, rare, local, 7-9.
Elodea canadensis. — Ponds and slow streams, common, everywhere. A

doubtful alien (Cybele Brit.). Plentiful in the Lea Canal;* also in the

Pond on Hampstead Heath.*
ELYMUS ARENARIUS. — Sandy seashores, rare, local ; on the shore below

Southend ; towards Shoeburyness, 7.
EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. — Moist banks, and margins of damp shady

woods, 7. Not frequent, but plentiful where it occurs. Summit of Box

Hill ;* railway banks beyond Weybridge ;* Broxbourne and Wormley

woods * (E. de C.) ; railway cutting, Brentwood ; Holmwood ;* Great

Berkhampstead and Frithden copse, Berkhampstead Common.
EPILOBIUM IIIRSUTUM. — Banks of rivers, ditches and ponds, common,

7-8. (Abundant by the Lea.*)
EPILOBIUM PARVIFLORUM. — In similar situations with the above, less

frequent ; marshy places by the Basingstoke canal, 7—8.
EPILOBIUM MONTANUM. — Shady banks and roofs, also on walls, common.

(Frequent on the Harrow and Edgware roads, and about Willesden, &c.*)
EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM. — Sides of ditches, and watery places, common.

Plenty in the ditches by the Lea and Canal.*

22 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

EriLOBiUM ROSEUM. — Sides of rivers and edges of milldams, &c., not common,
7-8. Moss Lane, Pinner ; about Abrook ; about Shiere ; between Moreton
and Ongar ; near Farnham by Bowen mill, in a wet lane leading to
Aldershot ; Rickmansworth ; bank of a ditch by the foot-path to Scott's
Bridge ; near Totteridge (? by the Brent) ; in the lane from Hatiield
town to the Union Workhouse ; between Waltham Abbey and Epping ;
Brentwood ; Wimbledon Common ; near Albury Church, by the river ;
Bayford, near the Church, in a ditch by the Hertford road ; brook near
Theobalds, Cheshunt ; between Gracious Pond and Woking station.

EPILOBIUM OBSCURUM. — In similar situations with E. tetragonum, of which
till lately it was considered a variety. Hatfield ; Harefield ; Harrow
Weald Common ; Stanmore Heath ; Mill Hill ; Colney Heath.

EPILOBIUM PALUSTRE. — Boggy places and by the sides of ponds and ditches,
frequent, 7-8. Putney Heath ;* plenty by the Canal near Woking
station.*

EPIPACTIS LATIFOLIA. — Woods in hilly countries, generally, if not solely
in beech woods on the chalk ; not uncommon, 7-8. Box Hill ;* Mickleham
woods ;* Reigate Hill ;* hills E. of Merstham, towards Caterham ;*
Gatton ; Chipstead and Buckland hills ; His;hwood ; Rickmansworth ;
woods S.W. of Tring ; Albury Nowers Wood ;* woods on the chalk about
Farnham Woods, Warley ; about Shiere ; Bisham, Herts ; woods at Essen-
don ; Broxbourne Wood ; Undermole Wood, Hertford ; Bed well Park and
plantations, thence to Little Berkhampstead ; Harrow Weald Common.

EPIPACTIS PALUSTRIS. — Marshy places, mostly in a chalky soil or subsoil,
rare, 7. Below the Betchworth hills ; near Hemel Hempstead, coming
from Watford, plentiful ; Wormley Wood, in a boggy pasture ;* S. side
Merstham pools (among the willows) ; Wargrave Hill ; wet pasture by
the brook near East-end Green, Hertingfordbury.

EPIPACTIS PURPURATA. — An ambiguity. Reigate ; King's Wood Farm ; in
shaws ; weald clay below Crawley.

Eranthis hyemalis. — Incidentally ; rare, 4. Albury Park.

ERICA CILIARIS. — Heaths, rare. Frensham or Farnham.

ERICA CINEREA. — Heaths and commons, frequent,7-9. Abundant on all the
Surrey heaths ;* rare in Herts, Essex and Mids. ; Hampstead Heath,
sandy parts ;* Abrook Common, towards Oxshott Hill.*

ERICA TETRALIX. — Moory and boggy ground on heaths, frequent. Surrey
heaths all ;* Hampstead Heath ; Esher Common ;* Putney Heath ;*
rare in Herts and Essex and Mids., 7-8.

ERIGERON ACRIS. — Dry gravelly pastures, chiefly in the chalk districts,
frequent, but nowhere in profusion (E. de C.), 7-8. Chalky banks near
Croydon ; Leatherhead ; Dartford ; Farnborough ; Erith ;* near Cob-
ham ;* Greenhithe ; Shoreham near the station ;* and chalky banks
below hills E. of Shoreham ;* W. of Dorking ;* Reigate Hill ;* Croham
Hurst ; and chalk-pit (borders of) near ;* chalky banks, hills W. of
Dorking, sparingly ;* Purfleet ; between Keston Common and Down ;
Box Hill ; lower slopes of Buckland Hill ; Sonning ; footpath between
Hertford and Bayford ; also between Bayford Hall and Bayford Wood ;
gravel pit near Hertford by the Welwyn road ; between Hersham and
St. George's Hill.

I. FLO WEEING PLANTS. 23

Erigeron canadensis. — Gravelly wastes, frequent 8-9, about London and
the London Railway banks and stations in many places^* also near Erith ;*
Walthamstow,* by the reservoirs ; also on cultivated ground in the
suburbs.*

ERIOPHORON ANGUSTIFOLIUM. — Turfy bogs and moors, common. Bog
on Hampstead Heath ;* Sunning Hill bog near Ascot, in profusion.*

ERIOPHORON VAGINATUM. — Turfy bogs and moors, by itself or with the
above, not so general. Sunning Hill bog near Ascot, in profusion ;*
Reigate Heath ;* Leith Hill ;* Woking Heath ;* and bogs by the Canal,
Brookwood ;* Chobham Common ;* Witley Common,* 3-5.

ERIOPHORON GRACILE. — Bogs, rare. Whitemoor Pond, between Woking
and Guildford ? (one of the two ponds on the common at Whitemoor
[Worplesdon ?] has been drained and converted into a pasturage ;
no Eriophoron by the other), 6-7.

ERYTHRJEA CENTAURIUM. — Dry pastures, frequent, 6-9. Everywhere on
the Surrey and Kentish downs ;* in great abundance and luxuriance
in Wormley Wood ;* Epping Forest ; Keston Common 5* Northfleet ;
Triiig ;* Ball's and Bayford woods.

ERYTHR^EA PULCHELLA. — Rare. Between Hertford and Bayford; chalk-pits,
Purfleet ; in a meadow since converted into a wood, and also in the
second field from East-end green, Hertingfordbury, by the footpath to
Watery Hall ; cornfields between Rusthall Common and the road to
High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells ; banks of ponds near Three Bridges
station.

ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. — Sandy sea-shores near Southend;* plenty,
7-8.

ERODIUM CICUTARIUM. — Waste ground, frequent, 6-9. Shirley Com-
mon ;* beyond Twickenham ;* Barnes Common, bank near the
station.*

ERODIUM MARITIMUM. — Sandy sea-coasts, rarely elsewhere (sandy bank
one mile from Farnham ! Bot. Gazette), 5-9.

ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES. — Waste places, and fallow as well as culti-
vated fields, frequent. About London in gardens ;* railway banks and
stations,* Clapham Junction (e. </.) ; banks of the Thames, opposite
Sunbury ;* field between Weybridge and Chobham Common, left, in
abundance ;* Wandsworth.*

ERYSIMUM ALLIARIA. — See SISYMBRIUM.

EUONYMUS EUROPJEUS. — Woods and thickets, frequent ; but nowhere

- in abundance, 5-6 ; more general on the chalk range. One tree
in a lane leading from Hampstead Heath to Fortune Green ;*
Purfleet ; Harrow Grove, plenty ; in bushy parts of Wimbledon Com-
mon ;* lane leading from Willesden to Acton ;* Epping Forest ;*
woods between Stoke Common and Burnham Beeches ;* wood south
of Chislehurst Common, east,* &c. ; woods about Godalming and
Reigate.

EUPATORIUM CANNABINUM. — In watery places and river banks ; frequent,
7-9. Banks of the Roding near Chigwell ;* plentiful in the Colne
and bordering ditches, between Rickmansworth and Uxbridge j* in the
Wey ;* Merstham pools ; &c.

24 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

EUPHORBIA PEPLUS. — Waste and cultivated ground ; common, 6-10.
(Frequent about London ; plenty in the market-gardens by the road-
side between Hammersmith and Barnes Common.*)

EUPHORBIA AMYGDALOIDES. — Woods and thickets ; common, 3-5. Fre-
quent in Epping Forest ;* in the patch between Woodford and Waltham-
stow ;* Croham Hurst ;* Darent Wood ;* abundant.

EUPHORBIA EXIGUA. — Cornfields, common. Plentiful in cornfields about
Sutton, Banstead, and Epsom, &c.*

EUPHORBIA PLATYPHYLLA. — Cornfields on the slopes of the Surrey and
Kentish downs ; not very frequent, 6-10. Near Northfleet ; corn-
fields under hills W. of Reigate ;* Fyfield ; cornfields between Hare-
field and Bartleswell ; about Farnham.

EUPHORBIA PORTLANDICA. — Local. (?) Rare, bogs in Charlton Wood
(o/irn?); 5-9.

EUPHORBIA HELIOSCOPIA. — Cultivated and waste ground ; frequent, 6-9.
Plenty in some waste land, right of the road from Putney Heath to
Kingston ;* and in similar localities about London.*

Euphorbia Lathyris, — Thickets and underwoods, very rare. Woods near
Cobham, Kent ; Brent wood.

EUPHORBIA PARALIAS. — Rare, local. S. Shoebury Common.

EUPHORBIA STRICTA. — Local, rare ; cornfields and among the tares.
Farnham (Bot. Gazette).

EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS. — Heaths, moory pastures, and roadsides in
heathy districts ; common, 7-9. Wimbledon Common (sides of drains
and moory parts) ;* Surrey and Kentish downs and heaths, every-
where ;* commons in Bucks, &c., abundant.*

FAGUS SYLYAT1CA. — Woods, especially on a chalky soil and in planta-
tions ; common, 4-5. Borders of Hampstead Heath, planted ;* environs
of London, planted ;* abundant on the Surrey, &c., hills.*

FESTUCA BROMOIDES. — See F. SCIUROIDES and F. PSEUDO-MYURUS.

FESTUCA SCIUROIDES. — Dry pastures and on walls ; frequent, 6. Black-
heath ; E. Tilbury;*,; Brentwood ; Redhill ; about Hertford; Brent-
ford ; Walton Bridge ; Reigate ; Purfleet ;* Erith.*

FESTUCA PSEUDO-MYURUS. — In similar situations, but of less frequent
occurrence, 6. Dry parts of Epping Forest ; E. Tilbury ; Purfleet.

FESTUCA UNIGLUMIS. — Rare ; local ; Southend.

FESTUCA OVINA. — Dry upland pastures, common, 6-7. (Hampstead
Heath, abundant.)

FESTUCA RUBRA. — In similar situations less frequent. (A variety of the
above ; see ' Phytologist,' iii. p. 261.)

FESTUCA DURIUSCULA. — See F. RUBRA, of which it is a variety, and both
of F. ovina (Hooker and Arnott).

FESTUCA ELATIOR. — Shady woods and river banks ; frequent, 6-7.
Plentiful by the banks of the Thames below Greenwich ;* var.
arundinacea, near Putney.*

FESTUCA PRATENSIS. — Moist meadows and pastures ; common, 6-7.
Plentiful by the Lea, &c.*

I. FLO WEEING PLANTS. 25

Filngo gallica. — Incidental, rare. In a cornfield between Chilworth
Wood and St. Martha's Hill; between Hertford and Welwyn.

FILAGO GERMANICA. — Sandy and gravelly places, and dry pastures ; fre-
quent, 7-9. (Putney Heath.*)

FILAGO APICULATA. In similar situations, of less frequent occurrence.
Sandy places about Cobhara and Esher ; Wargrave in Berks ; gravelly
field on the Hertford road near N.E. boundary of Hatfield Park ; near
Weybridge station ; fields about Fairmile ; sandy field left between
Hersham and St. George's Hill ; sandy fields by roadside between
Chertsey and Virginia Water ; near Witley station.

FILAGO SPATHULATA. — In similar situations, rare. Road between Staines
and Hampton Court ; by the Thames near Twickenham church ;
several localities about Esher and Ditton.

FILAGO MINIMA. — Gravelly places ; frequent, 6-9. Plenty further end
of Wimbledon Common ;* also on Wandsworth Common ;* and on
Putney Heath.*

FCENICULUM VULGARE. — Chalky banks near the sea, also on rail-
way banks incidentally, and waste places near habitations ; local ;
Charlton chalk-pit (olim f ) ; about Dartford ; the Grays (?) North-
fleet ;* and Gravesend (incidentally in several places) ;* Purfleet ;
Southend.

FRAG ARIA VESCA. — Woods and hedgebanks in woodland districts ; com-
mon, 5-6. (Plenty in Epping Forest.*)

Fragaria elatior. — Incidentally near habitations for the most part. Til-
gate Forest.

FRANKENIA L^EVIS. — Sea-shores ; local ; rare ; near Southend ; Isle of
Sheppey, abundant, 7—8.

FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR. — Woods and hedges; everywhere frequent, 4-5.
Some trees on the Edgware Road and neighbouring lanes towards
the Welsh Harp.*

FRITILLARIA MELEAGRIS. — Meadows and pastures in the Thames valley
and its tributaries ; local, not general, 4-5. Between Barnet and
Hatfield; in a pasture near 15th milestone (olim ?); pasture near
railway arches, Watford ; moor meadows near Ruislip ; in a meadow
at Northaw ; fields about Stroud, Godalming ; about Pinner (abundant
in one place ; field right of road from the town towards Rickmans-
worth) ;* Totteridge ; Hoddesdon marsh ; near Mortlake and Coombe
Wood (oli)ri) ; Maidenhead ; Reading.

FUMARIA OFFICINALIS. — Dry fields and roadsides ; common, 5-9. Plenti-
ful between Carshalton and the Banstead Downs.*

FUMARIA VAILLANTII. — Rare, local. Kent.

FUMARIA CAPREOLATA. — See F. PALLIDLFLORA. (Few records except under
the aggregate name.)

FUMARIA PARVIFLORA. — Cornfields in a chalky soil ; rare, 6-9. About
Box Hill ; between Dartford and Darent Wood ;* Coulsdon ; Epsom ;
Hog's Back ;* Cobham.

FUMARIA MURALIS. — Rare (?) Hedgebank, Barnes, Surrey. (Report
Bot. Ex. Club, 1876.)

FUMARIA PALLIDIFLORA ? — Cornfields, gardens, hedges, &c., very unfre-

26 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

quent, 5—9. [Recorded as F. capreolata ; perhaps var. Borcei, or other
segregate.] Field near Easney Park Wood, footpath to Ware (?) ;
between Brockham and the downs.

FUMARIA MICRANTHA. — See F. DENSIFLORA.

FUMARIA DENSIFLORA. — Rare, 6-9. Cornfields on the Hog's Back.

GAGEA LUTEA. — Woods and pastures, rare ; meadow near Godalming.

GALANTHUS NIVALIS. — Woods, orchards, and meadows ; unfrequent,
3—4. Box Hill, olim (?) ; near Stoke Park, Guildford ; meadows.
Bourne-end Mill, near Watford ; and in Lea meadows near Bracket
Hall ; on a farm 1| mile beyond Banstead Park ; Croham Hurst, near
Croydon, olim (?) ; in a wood both sides of the way. over Farden downs,
near Chaldon ; Chipping Ongar ; Reading ; meadows, banks of the
Mole from Betchworth to Brockham ; and both sides of a stream in a
field right of a lane running S.W. from Brockham Green.

GALEOPSIS TETRAHIT. — Cornfields, hedges, and in cultivated ground ;
frequent but not in great abundance. Occasionally about London, as
near Willesden ;* banks of the Paddington canal ;* between Radlett
and Colney Heath ;* and cornfields, Roxeth.

GALEOPSIS LADANUM. — Cornfields on the chalk range, plentiful ; rare
elsewhere. Cornfields on Reigate Hill ;* Box Hill ;* hills W. of Dorking ;*
W. of Caterham Junction ;* about Riddlesdown ; and about the
Banstead Downs ;* also cornfields in Essex, but less frequent ; Hat-
field, Broad Oak ;* The Layers ;* The Rodings ;* on the weald clay
about Capel ; Hoddesdon.

GALEOPSIS VERSICOLOR. — A boreal form of G. Tetrahit (Mr. Watson).
Records, any (?) of its occurrence near London.

GALEOPSIS OCHROLEUCA. — Rare. Dorking chalk-pit ; between Dartford
Heath and Greenstreet Green ; chalk-pit, Darent Wood.

Galinsoga parviflora. — Rare. Naturalised near Kew, E. Sheen, and Rich-
mond.

GALIUM CRUCIATUM. — Hedgebanks and thickets ; frequent, 4-6. On the
borders of Darent Wood ;* and on Keston Common ;* copses and in
hedges bordering Epping Forest ;* &c.

GALIUM VERUM. — Dry banks and pastures ; common, 6-9. Barnes Com-
mon ;* about Croydon ;* and between Carshalton and Banstead,* &c.

GALIUM ULIGINOSUM. — Wet meadows and sides of ditches ; frequent,
7-8. (On Hampstead * and Putney heaths.*)

GALIUM SAXATILE. — Heathy and upland pastures ; frequent, 6-8.
(Plenty on Hampstead Heath.*)

GALIUM PALUSTRE. — Sides of ditches and ponds ; frequent, 7-8. Putney
(Heath and Wimbledon Common*).

GALIUM MOLLUGO. — Hedges and thickets ; common, 7-8. (Wimbledon
Common.*)

GALIUM APARINE. — Hedges ; common, everywhere, 6-7.

GALIUM ANGLICUM. — Rare ; old walls, &c., in the chalk districts. 7.
Dartford ; Croydon (Duppas Hill) ; Northfleet and Gravesend ; Pur-
fleet* (E. de C.) ; walls of Bayham Abbey (Tunbridge Wells).

GALIUM TRICORNE. — Cornfields in the chalk districts ; not common, 6-8.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 27

Below Buckland hills ;* Croydon ; Gravesend towards Cobham *
(E. de C.) ; Hatfield, Broad Oak ; Fyfield ; Hoddesdon ; fields about
Hertford.

GALIUM ERECTUM. — Rare ; Surrey chalk hills. Sandy field, Fairrnile
near Esher (H. C. Watson).

GASTRIDIUM LENDIGERUM. — Flats near the sea; about the margins of
woods in Kent and Surrey (Cybele Brit.) ; and in woods half-way
between Chelmsford and Braintree ; rare, 6-10. Woolwich warren (?)
olim ; Gravesend ; Rochester ; Erith ; Isle of Sheppey ; margin of a
wood on Telegraph Hill, Surrey ;* field near the waste midway between
Hatfield and St. Albans ; about Thorndon ; wheat-field near Oxshott
Hill in 1867 ; not unf'requent in the Wealden ; cornfields near High
Rocks and Langton Green ; gravelly field on the Hertford road, near
N.E. corner of Hatfield Park ; fields between Woodstock Lane and
Hookstreet (Sur.) ; Branfields, right of road from Talworth Toll to Tal-
worth Court ; between Cobham Common and Byesticle in a pasture field.

GENISTA ANGLICA. — Moors and heaths ; frequent, 5-6. Wimbledon
Common ;* Hampstead Heath ; Keston Common ; Esher Common, &c. ;
Epping Forest.*

GENISTA TINCTORIA.— Pastures, thickets and borders of fields ; not common ;
more frequent in Herts than elsewhere near London, 7-8. Box Hill (?) ;
near Dorking, and on the Holmwood (olim) ; Keston Common (?) ;
Warley Common (?) ; about Woodford, olim (?) ; meadow near Little
Cheam ; Rickmansworth Common Moor ; near Verulam Buildings, St.
Albans ; near Scratch Wood, Edgwarebury ; borders of Ball's Wood,
Hertford ;* lane leading to Brickendon Green from Broxbourne in meadows
left-hand side ;* meadows on western border of Wormley Wood ;* near
Wellington College ; roadside, between Godstone and E. Grinstead ;
meadows near Abridge ; pastures about Tunbridge Wells, frequent ;
Harrow Weald Common (?).

GENTIANA AMARELLA. — Pastures and old pits in the chalk districts,
frequent, 7-9. Between Keston and Westcrham ; and in a chalky
meadow two miles from Keston towards Down ; old pits, Harefield ;*
about Northfleet ; Box Hill ;* Mickleham Downs ;* in great profusion
west of Wrotham on the slopes of the downs, on banks and about old
chalk-pits ;* Tring ; Sawbridgworth.

GENTIANA CAMPESTRIS. — Rare, local. Colney Heath, among the furze in
open spots ;* No-man's-land Common, Herts ; Waterdown Forest, Tun-
bridge Wells.

GENTIANA PNEUMONANTHE. — Moist, peaty heaths in Surrey, and in
Tilgate Forest ; Whitemoor Common, Worplesdon ; Chobham Com-
mon,* plenty (near an isolated fir clump, left of the road from
Chertsey) ; Woking Heath, E. of the cemetery ; sparingly on Esher
Common, in one place behind the first farmhouse on the road to
Oxshott Hill ; peaty sands near Bagshot (?) ; Waterdown Forest, Tun-
bridge Wells ; in Tilgate Forest, between the Norfolk Arms and
Balcombe ; and in several places near Handcross.

GERANIUM COLUMBINUM. — Dry pastures in a gravelly soil (?) in the chalk
districts, 6-7. Box Hill ;* Reigate Hill ;* Buckland Hill ; Harefield ;

28 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Darent Wood ;* Purfleet ; about Hertford ; St. Stephen's Hill ; St.

Albans ; between Watford and Rickmansworth.
GERANIUM DISSECTUM.— Hedges, gravelly and waste places, common, 6-7.

(Banks of the canal, Tottenham ;* plenty.)
GERANIUM LUCIDUM. — Rocks and walls, mostly in hilly parts, not general,

5-8. About Godalming, frequent; lane leading from Harefield to the

mill, bank between Barking and Dagenham ; lanes between the Colne

and the high road from Watford to Rickmansworth ; wall on the road

to Greenford.
GERANIUM MOLLE. — Dry pastures and waste places, common, 4-8. (Hamp-

stead Heath,* upper parts, &c.)
Geranium phceum. — Rare, incidentally near habitations, 5-6. Thames

Ditton ; West Croome Park ; roadside near Mickleham.*
GERANIUM PRATENSE. — Moist pastures and thickets, &c. ; not common,

6—9. Borders of an osier holt, and by the ditch there between Mortlake

and Kew* (converted, 1875, into a market-garden, but the Geranium

may yet be extant by the ditch) ; foot of Box Hill and of Reigate Hill ;

Croydon (?) ; Eton meadows ; Cookham ; Reading ; meadows near Holywell

Bridge ; St. Albans ; meadow at Pinner ; meadows &c., by the Thames,

especially near Sunbury Lock ; by the Mole at Esher and Stoke.
GERANIUM PYRENAICUM. — Meadows, pastures, roadsides, railway banks,

frequent, 6-7. Roadside from Leatherhead to Mickleham ;* Mitcham

Common ;* railway bank, Hampton Wick ;* ditto near Kew by the

river,* Hogs millstream, 1 or 2 miles from Kingston.
GERANIUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM. — Pastures and waste ground, rare, 6-7.

Fields bordering Epping Forest.
GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM. — Woods, hedges, banks, stony and waste

ground, common, 5-9. Everywhere in the outskirts of London in hedges.
GERANIUM PUSILLUM. — Waste ground and gravelly soils, frequent, 6-9.

Everywhere in the outskirts, roadsides, canal and railway banks.*
GEUM URBANUM. — Hedges, common ; frequent in the outskirts, in hedges,

lanes, and ditch-banks.
GEUM RIVALE. — Very rare, 5-7. Nowhere nearer London than Royston,

Herts, and banks of the Kennet at Newbury, Beds. ; unless in meadows

by the canal E. of Berkhampstead.
GLAUCIUM LUTEUM. — Sandy seashores, local, 6-10. Frequent about

Southend.*
GLAUX MARITIMA. — Salt-marshes by the Thames below Woolwich, on

both sides of the river, plentiful, 6-7. Abundant between Woolwich

and Erith.*
GLYCERIA AQUATICA. — Sides of rivers, ditches and ponds ; common, 7-8.

(Plenty by the Thames* and Lea.*)
GLYCERIA FLUITANS. — Pools and ditches, common, 7-8. Everywhere in

the outskirts.*
GNAPHALIUM SYLVATICDM. — Groves, thickets, and pastures ; not common,

7-9. Charlton Wood, olim (?) ; Epping Forest ; groves at Battleswell ;

near Harefield ; Bagshot Heath ;* Boar Hill woods ; about Cold

Harbour and foot of Leith Hill ; Harrow Weald Common ; Warley

Common ; Epping Forest^ (rarely) ; Godalming slopes towards Hurt-

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 29

more ; Redstone Hill ; woods about Ranmer Common ; near High
Rocks ; hilly field near Hoddesdon ; St. Albans ; gravel-pit by the road-
side between Bayford and Little Berkhampstead ; Harrow Weald
Common ; shady field near Harefield ; Winter Downs ; Fairmile Common ;
St. George's Hill ; between Byfleet and Cobham.

GNAPHALIUM ULIGINOSUM. — Sandy and wet places by roadsides and on
commons, frequent, 7-9. (Barnes Common ; Wimbledon Common, &c.)

GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM. — Rare, 6-7. Banstead Downs.

GYMNADENIA CONOPSEA. — Dry pastures, and heaths in the chalk districts ;
not uncommon, 6-8. About Box Hill ; between Croydon and Sander-
stead ; Purley Downs ; Harefield ; S. side of Albury Nowers Wood ;
about the Wray Pit ; Red Hill ; Farthing Downs, on a bordering bank ;*
Tring ; Aston ; Clinton and Ivinghoe, on all the chalk banks in those
places. On Farthing Downs, with the ordinary form, a small white
variety occurs sparingly.

GYMNADENIA ALBIDA. — Rare ; Tilgate Forest.

HABENARIA CHLORANTHA.— Beech woods in the chalk districts, fre-
quent, 5-8. Box Hill ; woods and lanes near Farnham (' Botanical
Gazette ') ; about Great Berkhampstead and several places in the Colne
districts ; Purfleet ; Fyfield ; wood between Essendon West-end and Kibes
Green ; Brickendon woods ; Box Wood ; Hertford Heath ; Ball's Wood.

HABENARIA BIFOLIA. — Moist copses, &c., not frequent near London, 6-8.
Darent Wood ;* Box Hill and Betchworth ; Norwood (?) olim ; Charlton
Wood (?) ; woods about Croham Hurst, between Down and Cudham ;
Farnham Wood ; Epping Forest ; near Sunninghill bog ; Bisham
Wood ; Tring Heath (olim) ; hills E. of Merstham woods ; left of road
from Redstone Hill to Nutfield.

HABENARIA ALBIDA. — See GYMNADENIA.

HABENARIA VIRIDIS. — Dry hilly pastures in the chalk districts, rare, 6-8.
About Coulsdon ; Purley Downs ;* Box Hill ; near Tring, in chalky
meadows at Barley End near Ashbridge ; near Fyfield ; Bed well Park,
Essendon ; near Mount Pleasant, Brickendon ; meadow near W. border
of Wormley Wood.

HEDERA HELIX. — Woods, hedges, and old buildings; common, 10-11.
Chingford Old Church, &c.*

HELIANTHEMUM VULGARE. — Dry pastures and waysides in the chalk
districts ; common, 7-9. In profusion on the Banstead Downs,* and
warren by Epsom Downs* (growing in wide patches) ; frequent every-
where on the Downs, from the Hog's Back to Cuxton,* roadside from
Dartford to Darent Wood ;* ruins of Verulam, St. Albans ; roadsides,
Croydon to Selsdon and Sanderstead ;* chalk-pits, Essendon.

HELLEBORUS FCETIDUS. — Pastures and thickets, chiefly in the chalk
districts ; rare, 2-4. Wood left of Headley Lane ; cliffs. between North-
fleet and Gravesend (?) ; Fridley Copse near Mickleham ; hedge near
High Laver Church ; Purfleet, (?) olim ; between Tring and the
reservoirs near.

HELLEBORUS VIRIDIS. — Woods and thickets, chiefly on a chalky soil. About
Coulsdon ; wood near Chipstead Church ; copse near Ranmore Common ;

30 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

wood near Mickleham, left of the Dorking road ; near Harefield ; Barn
Hill, near Harrow (?) olim ; near Epping ; in a wood near the railway
goods station, Watford ; Redhill ; Lea districts, to wit, woods and
bushy places on the chalk-pits at Watery Hall Farm, Hertingfordbury ;
meadows at Great Berkhampstead ; between High Grounds and Hoddes-
don ; lane S.W. of Rickmansworth.

HELMINTHIA ECHIOIDES. — Borders of fields, chiefly in a clay soil ; frequent,
6-10. Plenty on canal and railway banks, and by hedges in the
environs.

HELOSCIADIUM INUNDATUM. — Pools and ditches that are dried up in
summer ; frequent, 7-8. (Putney Heath ;* Wandsworth Common ;
Epping Forest ;* Stanmore Marsh, &c.)

HELOSCIADIUM NODIFLORUM. — Boggy meadows, ditches, and watersides ;
common, 7-8. (Banks of the Thames ;* Barnes Common ;* ditches by
the Lea,&c.*)

HERACLEUM SPHONDYLIUM. — Hedges and ditches, and on coarse pastures ;
common, 7. (Everywhere about London.)

HERMINIUM MONORCHIS. — Chalky pastures, rare, 6-7. Box Hill ;*
Reigate Hill, above the Wray chalk-pit ; Purley Downs ; chalk-pits on
the Hog's Back ; in Norbury Park ; Albury Parsonage, Herts ; Tring.
with Habenaria viridis, q.v. ; old chalk-pit, Morant's Court Hill ; old
chalk-pit, E. side of Hatfield Park ; Ditton ; Epsom Downs.

Hesperis matronalis. — Hilly pastures and copses, incidentally, 5-7. In a
wood between Leatherhead and Dorking, below Box Hill ; side of the
Ravensbourne at Lewisham (?) olim ; Sutton oil-mill, in a hedge near
the Dock (?).

Hieracium maculatum. — Incidental on garden walls, 6-7. Highgate ;*
Teddington.*

HIERACIUM PILOSELLA. — Banks and dry pastures, common, 5-8. (Hamp-
stead Heath ;* Barnes Common.*)

HIERACIUM SYLVATICUM. — See H. VULGATUM.

HIERACIUM VULGATUM. — Woods, bushy heaths, commons and roadsides
in wooded countries, frequent, 7-9. (Wimbledon Common and Putney
Heath ;* Hampstead Heath, among the fern ;* &c.)

HIERACIUM TRIDENTATUM. — In similar situations, probably not unfrequent.
(Is there really any essential difference between this and the preceding ?)
Bank on S. side of road leading to Whitton Park from Twickenham,
above junction of loop-line ; hedge bordering Fairmile Common ; right
of road ascending from Spaw Bottom ; road leading from Bagshot
to Staines, near Virginia Water.

HIERACIUM UMBELLATUM. — Woods, borders of woods and bushy heaths,
common. (Plenty on Hampstead Heath.*)

HIERACIUM BOREALE. — In similar situations, 7-9. A mere variety of the
preceding. Bank dividing Betchworth Park from the Dorking and Reigate
roads ; sandy banks between Dorking and Leith Hill ; hedges bordering
Sutton Common; Thieves Lane; Hertingfordbury; Hertford Heath;
Bayford ; Essendon ; Wormley Wood ; Northaw by the Ridgway ; woods
by Pinner Lane ; Old Park Wood ; Harefield ; Harrow Weald Common ;
Stanmore Heath ; Winchmore Hill Wood ; about Esher ; Cobham (Surrey),

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 31

St. George's Hill ; Albury ; Shiere ; about Rickmansworth and Hertford ;
S.W. corner of Verulam ruins ; St. Albans ; Epping Forest ; Warley
Common ; woods of Thorndon Hall ; near Brentwood ; Epping Forest.

HIERACIUM MURORUM. — Confounded possibly at times with H. boreale (?) ;
in stony situations, not common, 6-8. Shiere ; Castlewood ; Shooter's
Hill (?) ; woods and lanes between Dorking and Leith Hill ; Cold
Harbour Lane ; Hortonwood between Ashtead Common and the course
at Epsom ; between Buckland and Buckland Hill ; walls, Abbey Church,
St. Albans, and other old walls about ; Dorking chalk-pit ;* Hurtwood
Common, (confounded with H. sylvaticum, i.e. vulgatum, Cybele Brit.).
[N.B. The student should collect these species from their several
localities, and compare them with the descriptions in the books.]

HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES. — Rare, local. Essex Coast near Canvey Island,
6-7.

HIPPOCREPIS COMOSA. — Banks and pastures in the chalk districts, frequent,
5-7. Box Hill ;* Epsom Downs ; lanes between Croydon and Sander-
stead,* and between Croydon and Selsdon ;* roadside between Dartford
and Darent Wood ;* between Northfleet and Gravesend ; about
Coulsdon ; Reigate Hill in profusion,* old quarries W. of Dorking ;*
in many other places on the chalk downs,* and on the road from
Cobham to Cuxton ; Aldbury Nowers Wood ; chalk-pit near Hertford.

HIPPURIS VULGARIS. — Ditches and stagnant waters, not of frequent
occurrence, 6-7. Bogs on Uxbridge Moor, and several places in the
Colne ;* mill-pond near Leatherhead ; pond at Bury Hill, near Dorking ;
pond below Moor Park ; ponds, Clandon Park, Guildford ; between Stan-
stead and Rye House ; and in the Lea downwards ; ditches in Hoddesdon
Marsh, and by the railway at Waltham ; reservoir, Tring ; in the Lea,
at Stanborough ; pool at Walton Bridge.

HOLCUS MOLLIS. — Hedges and pastures, common. (Barnes Common ;*
Lea meadows, 7.*)

HOLCUS LAKATUS. — Hedges, pastures and woods, common, 6-7. (Barnes
Common ;* Epping Forest, &c.*)

HONKENEYA PEPLOIDES. — Sea-shores local, 5-8. Southend ; N. Shoebury.

HORDEUM PRATENSE. — Meadows and pastures, common, 6-7. (About
Hendon ;* Ditton Common.*)

HORDEUM MURTNUM. — Waste ground by roadsides and walls, generally
near towns and villages, common, 6-7. (Plentiful in the environs of
London.*)

HORDEUM MARITIMUM. — On the banks of the Thames, below Purfleet and
Erith, local, 6. Plentiful in the above localities, and adjoining marshy
pastures.*

HORDEUM SYLVATICUM. — Woods and thickets, in a chalky soil, rare, 7-8.
Berkhampstead ; borders of woods, Tring ;* between Maidenhead and
Marlow ; in slmws above fields behind the ' Fox/ Ranmore Common ;
Long Spring, Watford ; Hillwood ; Rickmansworth ; Berkhampstead ;
Aldbury Nowers Wood ; thicket by the roadside at River Hill, near
Sevenoaks.

HOTTONIA PALUSTRIS. — Ditches and pools in Herts, Essex, and basin of the
Thames, not unfrequent, 5—6. About Woking ; Epping Forest, in pools

32 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

between Walthamstow and Essex ;* between Weston Green and Ditton
Common ; between Greenwich and Woolwich olim (?) ; ditches between
Ware and Hertford ; ponds near 10th milestone, Romford road ;
Totteridge ponds ; pools near the Welsh Harp, Hendon ;* in the Cran

'' near Hounslow ;* Hoddesdon Marsh ; near Watford ; Harefield ;
Whitemoor Pond ; Ash.

HUMULUS LUPULUS. — Thickets and hedges, frequent ; especially in Kent,
7-8. Roadside between Cray ford and Dartford; about the Grays; by
the Ravensbourne ; about Erith ;* frequent in a lane leading from
Wrotham to Cuxton ;* £c.

HYACINTHUS. — See SCILLA NUTANS.

HYDROCHARIS MORSUS-RANJE. — Ditches and ponds, principally near the
Thames, 8. Backwater of the Thames at Walton ;* ditches in the
marshy meadows below Higham ;* and also below Dartford ;* between
Greenwich and Woolwich ; and on towards Erith.* In the Paddington
Canal ;* also in the canal between Harefield and Uxbridge ;* Barnes
Common, in the ditch right, a patch of it ;* Rainham ; Grays ; Purfleet ;
Egham.

HYDROCOTYLE VULGARIS. — Boggy, and wet places on moors and heaths,
common (plenty on Hampstead * and Putney Heaths *), 7-8.

HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. — Waste places, chiefly on a chalky soil, rare, and
probably almost exterminated in the metropolitan districts, 6-8. About
Hertford ; Mead Lane ; Ware Park ; Hatfield Park ; roadside near
Ware ; near Stanstead ; Essendon ; Sawbridgeworth ; Box Moor ; back
road ascending from church Cobham to Fairmile ; about Worplesdon ;
Pirbright ; near the mill, Harefield (olim) • Chislehurst Heath (?) ; near
the palace, Eltham (?) ; on a common near Guildford (? Shalford, none
there now) ; Abrook Common (?) olim ; Red Hill and Reigate (? uncertain) ;
Nutfield; Merrow Downs ; Puttenham Heath and Common (possibly);
common on the chalk about Farnham ; Gomshall ; on rubbish about
St. Albans and Sandpit Lane. No-man's-land Common, Herts (more fre-
quent, perhaps, towards Cambridgeshire) ; Fyfield Wood, near Grays :
banks between Leigh and Southend, and Southend towards Shoebury ;
lane between Brockham and Godbroke ; Cookham.

HYPERICUM ANDROS^EMTJM. Hedges, and shrubby places, not very frequent,
6-8. Hills E. of Merstham ; lane west end of Reigate Park ; Leith Hill
woods; lanes W. of Dorking ;* between Guildford and Dorking ; about
Claygate, Ditton ; wood between Chislehurst and Bromley ; thicket near
Harefield Church (?); lane leading from Broxbourne to Brickendon Green ;*
and other lanes in that neighbourhood ; Ashbridge woods, and woods
near Great Berkhampstead ; wood near Thorndoo ; between Abridge and
Romford ; Cookham ; Redstone Hill ; copses on the Weald Clay, below
Crawley, frequent. Weston Wood, Albury ; Bookham ; Stoke Wood,

HYPERICUM DUBIUM. — Rare, local, Hatfield.

HYPERICUM QUADRANGULARE. — See H. TETRAPTERUM.

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. — Woods and thickets, common, 7-9. (Roadside
from Putney Heath to Kingston, by the Park ;* lane leading from the
* Spaniards/ Hampstead Heath, to the meadows below Bishop's Wood,*
&c.)

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

HYPERICUM TETRAPTERUM. Moist pastures, sides of ditches and rivulets,
frequent, 7. (Ravine, Wimbledon Common ;* by the Lea ;* Broxbourne
and Wormley woods.*)

HYPERICUM HUMIFUSUM. — Mooiy heaths, and commons, frequent, 7.
(Wimbledon Common ;* Surrey heaths ; generally in wet localities ;*
Wands worth Common.*)
HYPERICUM PULCHRUM. — Woods, and heathy places, frequent, 6-7.

(Wimbledon Common ;* Hampstead Heath ;* Esher Common.*)
HYPERICUM HIRSUTUM. — Woods and thickets, frequent, and chiefly in a
chalky soil, or on gravel over -fchalk, 7-8. Box Hill ;* and in thickets
on the chalk slopes, gene rally 'from the Hog's Back to Cuxton ; as downs
W. of Dorking ;* Hog's Back ; hills E. of Merstham ;* hills E. of Shoreham,*
and E. of Wrotham ;* Chislehurst Common ;* banks bordering Tring
Woods ;* Broxbourne and Wormley woods ;* Burnham Beeches, and
adjoining woods ;* Harefield ; Ball's Wood.*

HYPERICUM MONTANUM. — Bushy hills on the chalk range, not common,
7—8. Near Croydon ; Riddlesdown, near Caterham Junction ;* near
Warley ; Epping Forest (?) ; copses above Shiere ; hedgebanks towards
Crown pits, Frith Hill, Godalming, plentiful ; Bisham Wood, Berks ;
about Gatton, Nutwood, and Merstham ; Buckland Hills ; Norbury Vale ;
Ranmore Common ; near BusselPs Green, Sevenoaks.

HYPERICUM ELODES. — Bogs, especially in the Surrey heaths, frequent, 7-8.
Esher Common ;* Farnham Common ; by Burnham Beeches ;* bogs on
Leith Hill ;* Bagshot Heath ;* Whitemoor Common ;* Pirbright Heath ;*
boggy places by the canal beyond Woking ;* Witley Common ;* Putten-
ham Common ;* Keston Common ;* Putney Heath * (a patch), &c. ;
Warley Common.

Hypericum calycinum. — Incidental, not frequent. Near the Dartford Powder
Works ;* Mickleham, abundant ;* upper part of the park, Greenhithe ;
road between Sutton and Banstead ; hills E. of Merstham ; W. end of
Reigate Park ; Wotton ; Cold Harbour, Leith Hill.

HYPOCHCERIS GLABRA. — Fields, and gravelly soils, rare, 6-8. Cultivated
ground between Weybridge station and the town (?) olim ; in a field
near Chobham towards Chertsey ; Wimbledon Common (?) ; Esher
Common by the park palings, sparingly, towards Oxshott ; fields between
Richmond and Kingston ; left of the road from Farnborough station to
Frimley ; Tunbridge Wells Common ; Rusthall Common ; field next
road on the footpath from Broadoak end towards Bramfield, Herts ;
sandy fields between Witley and Milford.

HYPOCHOERIS RADICATA. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 7. (Hamp-
stead Heath,* &c.)

IBERIS AMARA.— Chalky fields, rare, 7. East end of Reigate Heath (?,
olim ; cornfields in Herts and Essex, occasionally (Cybele Britannica),
Royston ; Hoddesdon ; field N. of Pryor's Wood ; between Ware and
Fanham's Hall.

ILEX AQUIFOLIUM. — Woods and hedges, frequent ; also in plantations, 5-8 .
Epping Forest ;* Holm wood ;* &c.

Impatiens fulva. — Banks of the Weyyand of the Grand Junction Canal

D

34 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

between Harefield and Uxbridge,* &c., by the Thames at Hampton
Court ; local, abundant in its localities, 8-9.

IMPATIENS NOLI-ME-TANGERE. — Hare. Woods about Coulsdon (?) olim
near Guildford ; in a wood at Chislehurst (?).

Impatiens parviflora. — Incidentally, rare, Bedwell ; near Essendon.

INULA HELENIUM. — Moist pastures, rare, 7-8. Meadows near Harefield (?)
olim ; Gauntlet's Meadows, near Breakspeares, Harefield (?) olim ; by
a pond near Blue Close, Mangrove Lane, Hertford ; sparingly in a field
near Hook hamlet, through which is a footpath to Long Ditton Church.

INULA DYSENTERICA. — Ditches, and watery places, common, 7-9. (Every-
where in the environs of London.*)

INULA PULICARLA. — Moist, sandy, and damp commons, not unfreqnent, 8-9.
Ditton Marsh, by the roadside ;* Colney Heath, near the village ;*
commons about Pirbright village ;* Earlswood Common ; Hatfield
Heath ; Brickendon Green ; Lye Lane, Watford road, St. Albans ; road-
side between Hampton and Sunbury ; about Ealing.

INULA CONYZA. — Banks and borders of copses, <Ssc., in the chalk districts,
8-9. Box Hill ;* Betchworth hills ;* hills W. of Dorking ;* and
everywhere frequent along the chalk range, from the Hog's Back to
Cuxton ;* Epsom Downs ;* Harefield ;* Purfleet ; Tring ;* between
Hatfield and St. .Albans, but scarce.

INULA CRITHMOIDES. — Rare, local. In a salt-marsh, between Leigh and
Southend, 7-8.

IRIS FCETIDISSIMA. — Woods and thickets, mostly in a chalky soil ; frequent
in Kent ; rare elsewhere, 5-7. Darent Wood ;* woods about Gravesend
and Rochester; wood at Purfleet; Epping Forest, about Woodford and
Wai thamstow (?) o//m; Warley Common; woody places and hedges
between Tunbridge and Sevenoaks ; below the hills E. of Wrotham
in one place ;* woods, N. Mimms ; beyond St. Albans, towards Dun-
stable, in roadside hedges ; copse right of lane leading from Reigate
Heath to Colley Hill ; slopes towards Hurtmore, near Godalming ;
Bisham Wood ; Welham Green ; and woods at N. Mimms ; pasture at
Perivale.

IRIS PSEUDACORUS. — Ditches, and sides of rivers, frequent, 5-8. (Ditches
by the Thames, near Mortlake ;* by the Lea at Tottenham ;* &c.)

Jsatis tinctoria. — Cultivated fields, 7. Rare, incidentally for the most
part. Guildford chalkpits ;* and adjoining field (more abundant formerly,
now rather scarce) ; banks of the Wey between Woodbridge and Stoke ;
in a field near Epping ; near New Wandsworth station (Crystal Palace
line).

JASIONE MONTANA. — Heaths and moors, common, 6-9. (Barnes

Common,* Hampstead Heath,* &e.)
JUNG us EFFUSUS. — Marshes, and ditches, common. Everywhere round

London, in these localities.
JUNCUS CONGLOMERATES. — Equally common with the above, in similar

situations.
JUNCUS DIFFUSUS. — In marshes, rare. Darman's Green, Herts ; near

Cole Green, Herts , borders of Epping Forest ; between Woodford and

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 35

Walthamstow ; in a wood hard by Great Shrubbush ; on a heath between
Ghiildford and Woking stations.

JUNCUS COMMUNIS. — See J. EFFUSUS and J. CONGLOMERATE, 7.

JUNCUS GLAUCUS. — Wet pastures, and by roadsides, common, 7. Every-
where round London, in suitable localities.

JUNCUS MARITIMUS. — In salt-marshes, local, 7-8. Southend ; about Til-
bury Fort.*

JUNCUS ACUTIFLORUS. — Bogs &c., common. (Reigate Heath ; Hampstead
Heath ; pond near right of lane leading to Fortune Green.*)

JUNCUS LAMPROCARPUS. — Boggy ground and marshes, frequent, 7-8.
(Barnes Common ;* Putney Heath.*)

JUNCUS OBTUSIFLORUS. — Wet pastures and marshes, not unfrequent, 8.
(Hampstead Heath ;* Putney Heath ;* Tilbury Marshes ; Reigate Heath ;*
Leith Hill.*)

JUNCUS SUPINUS. — Bogs and swamps, frequent, 6-8. (Hampstead Heath ;*
Putney Heath.*)

JUNCUS COMPRESSUS. — Marshes, common, 6-8. (Putney Heath ;* Wimble-
don Common ;* Rainham ; Tilbury.)

JUNCUS BUFONIUS. — Marshes &c., common, 6-7. (Hampstead Heath ;*
Putney Heath.*)

JUNCUS SQUARROSUS. — Heaths and moors, common, 6-7. (Putney Heath ;*
abundant.)

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS. — Surrey and Kentish chalk downs, frequent, and in
many localities on the range from Dorking to Cuxton, 5—6. Box Hill
and the Betchworth hills ;* and hills W. of Derking ;* between
Betchworth and Reigate, and on Reigate Hill ;* hills E. of Merstham ;-*
E. of Wrotham* and of Shoreham ;* Banstead Downs ;* Aldbury.

KNAUTIA ARVENSIS.— fe SCABIOSA ARVENSIS.

KGELERIA CRISTATA.— Pastures chiefly on the chalk, not common, 6-7,
Reigate Hill ;* hills E. of Merstham : Blackheath (?) olirn, ; Kenley Com-
mon, plentiful ;* roadside near Staines ; commons near Southend ; Tring ;
between Hertford and Ware ; gravel-pits, Moulsey Hurst ; Brockham
Hill ; downs about Shiere.

KONIGA. — See ALYSSUM MARITIMUM.

LACTUCA VIROSA.— Banks and waysides, frequent, 7-8. About the
railway bridge near Willesden Junction, Acton road ;* between Willes-
den and Neasdon ;* between Neasdon and the Edgware road ;. Southend
and Canvey Island ;* Pinner road, Greenford ; Pinner woods.

LACTUCA SCARIOLA. — Waste ground, rare. Lane by Charlton Church, and
sand-pit in Charlton Wood (?) olim ; about Croydon(?); olirn, ; Southend,
towards Leigh.

LACTUCA SALIGNA. — Waste ground near the Thames, and in salt-marshes,
rare. Thames bank, near Erith ;* near Leigh, towards Southend.*

LACTUCA MURALIS. — Old walls and in woods, not unfrequent, 6-8. Wall by
the * Spaniards,' Hampstead Heath ;* Tring, beechwoods, plenty ;* beech-
wood at Shoreham;* bank, left, -near Sanderstead ;* about Dorking,
between Claremont and Ditton Common ; and by the road from Kings-

D 2

36 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

ton Common to Long Ditton Church ; lane from Harefield to Ruislip ;"
from Iver to Fulmer.*

LAMIUM ALBUM. — Hedges and waste places, common, 5-9. Everywhen
in the environs.

LAMIUM AMPLEXICAULE. — Cornfields and waste places, common. (Plentifu
in cornfields beyond Croydon,* and between Richmond and Kingston.*)

Lamium maculatum. — Incidentally near cottages ; not frequent, 6-8.

LAMIUM INCISUM. — Cultivated and waste ground, common, 4-6. Fre-
quent in market gardens and waste places in the environs.*

LAMIUM PURPUREUM.— In similar situations; common, 4-10. Every-
where in the environs.

LAMIUM GALEOBDOLON. — Woods, frequent, 4-6. Woods about Croydon ;"
Ditton ; Charlton Wood ; Harefield ;* Darent Wood ;* Coulsdon ; Ball's
Wood,* &c.

LAPSANA COMMUNIS. — Hedges, &c., common, 6-8. Hedges everywhere
in the environs. (Brondesbury ; Willesden ;* Mortlake.*)

LATHR^EA SQUAMARIA. — Woods and coppices, rare, 3-5. About Couls-
don ; Mickleham ; Guildford ; Westhumble Lane (leading from Burford
Bridge to Ranmer Common), * field between Shalford Turnpike and
Chantry Downs ; lane leading from Harefield to the river ; woods at
Chipstead and Upper Gatton ; wood S. of Chislehurst Common ; hedge-
rows W. of Dorking ; Great Berkhampstead woods ; wood near No-man's-
land ; Hazel copse, Woodland, near Farningham.

LATHYRUS APHACA. — Borders of sandy and gravelly fields, rare, 5-8.
Cornfields at Ongar; Broomfield (?); Tottenham, and Enfield (?);
Croydon (?) ; fields near Norton Heath ; Southend ; near Hoddesdon ;
Sawbridgeworth.

LATHYRUS NISSOLIA. — Bushy places and grassy borders of fields, rare, 5-6.
Fields near Chingford; Broomfield; Harefield, near the church; about
Tottenham (?) ; bank at Purfleet (?) ; roadside near Chislehurst (?) ;
roadside near Finchley * (coming from Hampstead); Mitcham Common;
bank between Merstham and Wray Common; about Charlwood ; Fel-
bridge ; Brentwood ; bank bordering Gatton Park ; Southend ; several
places about Hertford, as between Ball's Wood and Hertford Heath ;
• meadow by Tottenham High Cross ; field on Colley farm, Reigate and
elsewhere about Reigate.

LATHYRUS HIRSUTUS. — Cultivated fields, rare, 6-7. Cornfields at War-
lingham, below Wormsheath, 6 miles from Croydon (bank above) ;
bushes below Hadleigh Castle; near Rawreth church (Essex Flora);
Nasing, E. of Broxbourne.

LATHYRUS PRATENSIS. — Moist meadows, pastures, and hedges, frequent,
7—8. (Plenty of the meadows below the ' Spaniards ' towards Finchley.*)

LATHYRUS SYLVESTRIS. — Thickets and hedges, not common, 6-8. About
Coulsdon ; Wickham Wood ; Merstham pools, and adjoining bank ; rail-
way bank near the tunnel, Merstham ;* woods at Erith, and between
Rochester and Northfleet ; borders of Cobham Park ;* chalky detritus
at the foot of White Hill, E. of Merstham, in profusion* (E. de C.).

Lathyrus tuberosus. — Local, rare, 7. Near Southend ; Canvey Island, in th
grey marsh ; plentiful about Fyfield, in cornfields and bordering hedge;

t

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 37

LATHYRUS PALUSTRIS. — Boggy meadows, rare, 6-8. At Peckham for-
merly (Ray).

LA VAT ERA ARBOREA. — Local, rare, 7-9. Southend Cliffs, above.

LEERSIA ORYZOIDES. — Banks of rivers, &c., rare, local (?), 8-10. In the
Mole river, at Brockham Bridge, and other places ; also between E.
Moulsey church and Ember Bridge (Cybele Brit.) ; by the bridge over
the canal near Woking station.

LEMNA MINOR. — Stagnant water, common, 7. Everywhere in the
suburbs.

LEMNA GIBBA. — Clear stagnant water, rare, 6-9. Farnham (Bot. Gazette) ;
ditches about Rainham ; Epping Forest, near Leytonstone.

LEMNA TRISULCA. — Clear stagnant waters, rare. Rickmansworth ; mea-
dows at Ponder's End, by the path to Chingford;* ditches below
Hicham.*

LEMNA POLYRRHIZA. — Stagnant waters, rare ; Epping Forest, near Wood-
ford, in pools and holes;* Waiiey Common ; about Ditton ; Chertsey ;
Gatton pond ; about Guildford ; Reigate ; Dorking.

LEMNA ARRHIZA. — See WOLFFIA.

LEONTODON HIRTUS. — Moors and gravelly pastures, frequent, 7-8. (Barnes
Common;* Wimbledon Common.*)

LEONTODON HISPIDUS. — Meadows, pastures, and gravelly heaths, frequent,
6-9. (Wandsworth Common ;* Hampstead Heath.*)

LEONTODON AU/TUMNALIS. — Meadows and pastures, common, 8. (Hamp-
stead Heath ;* pastures everywhere.*)

Leonurus cardinca. — Incidental, hedges and waste places rare, 7-9. Near
Croydon, olim (?). Coulsdon (?) ; 4 m. from Godalming, towards Hasel-
mere.

LEPIDIUM RUDERALE. — Waste places near the sea and on rubbish ; fre-
quent, 5-8. By the Thames, near Erith ;* Canvey Island ;* about Hamp-
stead, West-end ;* Gravesend.

LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM. — Marshes near the sea. Purfleet (?) olim ; marshes
at Grays (?) ; Barking.

LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE. — Cornfields and dry gravelly soil, frequent, 5-8.
About Croydon ;* Caterham Junction;* Edg ware road, beyond Brondes-
bury ;* West Drayton ; Epping ; Grays ; Purfleet, &c.

LEPIDIUM SMITHII. — Borders of fields and hedges, rare, 4-8. Not un-
common about Reigate, Box Hill, and Betchworth ; Chislehurst ; Charl-
ton, Mids.

Lepidium Draba. — Incidentally, rare, 5-6 ; a patch of it by the Thames,
between Hammersmith and Putney* (E. de C.) (? from seed washed up
from Thanet) ; Barking.

Lepidium sativum. — Incidentally, near cottages ; a garden waif, 5-6.

LEPTURUS FILIFORMIS. — Local, by the Thames, in several places, not
common, 7. Near Erith ;* Purfleet (var. incurvatus) ;* Tilbury Fort,
in a marshy spot E. of it ;* by the canal below Gravesend, in profusion
a mile or so beyond the town.* (E. de C.)

LEUCOJUM ^STIVUM. — Local, rare, extinct, 5-6. By the Thames (olim) (?),
on both sides of the river ; Windsor ; ( in the former locality, Allium
triquetrum mistaken for it : H. C. Watson, ' Topog. Bot.').

38 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

LIGTJSTRUM VULGARE. — Thickets and hedges, frequent, 5-6. Hedges and
enclosures, often in the suburbs of London, but planted (?) ; in thickets
on the chalk.*

Lilium Martagon. — Incidentally, rare. Totteridge Park ; avenue at Cob-
ham* (planted, but now wild).

LIMNANTHEMUM NYMPH^oiDES.— Still waters and rivers, rare, 7-8. In
the Thames at Walton ;* at Kingston ;* in the Roding at Woodford (?)
(plim)j and above Ongar (olim) ; Thames at Cookham and at S anbury ;
canal by the railway, New Cross.

LIMOSELLA AQUATICA. — Muddy borders of ponds, and where water has
stood, rare ; perhaps often overlooked, 7-9. About Croydon, plentifully ;
Coulsdon ; warren pond, Breakspeares ; Harefield ; pond on Ditton Com-
mon;* on Shalford Common; pond at Finchley (?) o//m; Elstree
reservoir ; on a riding in North Mimms Wood ; ditch on Holmwood
Common ; ditches, Walton-on-the-Hill ; Clapham Common (?)

Linaria Cymbalaria. — On walls, frequent, 5-9. On walls in many places
in the environs. (Hampstead ;* Highgate,* &c.)

LINARIA ELATINE. — Cornfields in a gravelly or chalky soil, not general,
7-10. About Epsom ;* Thames Ditton parish (cornfield below Oxshott
Hill) ;* Woodford ; Chigwell ; Broomfield ; cornfields in several places
on the chalk range, as Reigate Hill,* and W. of it;* cornfields below
hills W. of Dorking ;* Coulsdon.

LINARIA SPURIA.— Sandy cornfields, frequent, 7-11. About Dorking ;*
cornfields below the hills W. of Reigate, in profusion ;* about Farn-
borough ; Bloomfield ; Harefield ; field near Hurlesdon ;* about Dart-
ford ; Croydon ;* Guildford.

LINARIA REPENS. — Chalky banks, rare ; 7-9. Near Gravesend ; hedge
near Sefton Arms, Stoke (Bucks.) ; garden-wall, Dagnall Lane, St.
Albans.

LINARIA MINOR. — Sandy and chalky fields ; frequent in the chalk districts,
chalk-pits, -fee. Northfleet and Greenhithe; chalk-pit, foot of the Ad-
dington hills ;* chalk-pits, Harefield ;* in cornfields on Reigate Hill ;*
and in cornfields, foot of the hills westward.*

LINARIA VULGARIS. — Hedges and borders of fields, common, 7-10. Every-
where about London.*

Linum usitatissimum. — Incidentally in cornfields, 7. Near Finchley Road
railway station, a few plants ;* (perhaps often about railway stations
and oil-mills).

LINUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. — Sandy and chalky pastures, &c., near the sea,
rare. Bank between Leigh and Southend,* 5-9 ; near Cuxton, on the
road to Stroud (' Bot. Gazette ') ; near Purfleet ; foot of Box Hill ;
fourth field from Chessington church, through which is a footpath to
Horton and Epsom.

LlNUM CATHARTICUM. — Pastures, common, 6-9 ; abundant everywhere on
the downs; Box Hill;* Reigate Hill,* &c. ; Pinner Wood, borders;*
Tring,* &c. ; Dartford ;* hills E. of Merstham and of Shoreham,* &c.

LITHOSPERMUM ARVENSE. — Cornfields and waste ground, especially in the
chalk districts, frequent, 5-6. About Croydon ; Greenhithe, towards
Darent Wood ;* Box Hill ; Harefield ; cornfields about St. Albans ; be-

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 39

tween Cobham and Cuxton ; common, S. of Hertford ; Hoddesdon, by
the new mill ; fields near Oster Mills, St. Albans ; Sawbridgeworth.

LITHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE. — Dry, waste, uncultivated places ; borders
of hedges and woods. Not unfrequent on the chalk near Darent Wood,
road from Greenhithe ;* about Dartford; Northfleet; Gravesend ; be-
tween Down and Cudham ; Chislehurst ;* (a locality here is in the hollow
by the railway crossing, below wood S. of the common, east ;) Purfleet ;
Long Valley Wood, Rickmansworth ; Fyfield ; Hatfield Forest ; hedge
at Welstone, near Tring ; Harefield ; foot of hills E. of Merstham ; slope
of Ranmore hills towards Effingham ; hills near Bletchingley ; copses
about West Humble Lane ; Burford Bridge.

LITHOSPERMUM PURPUREO-OERULEUM. — Local, rare, 6-7. Darent Wood,
towards Greenhithe.

LITTORELLA LAGUSTRis. — Borders of ponds and canals in a gravelly soil.
Abundant in the Surrey Canal, about Woking ;* ponds at Frensham ;
Esher Common (?) olim ; Ruislip reservoir ; Langley Heath, Bucks. ;
Windsor Park ; about Reading ; near Ascot ; Pirbright.

LISTERA OVATA. — Woods, frequent, 5-7. Pinner and Oxhey woods;*
Darent Wood, abundant ;* copse near Harefield on the Uxbridge road ;
Box Hill and the Betchworth hills ; Keston Common ; Epping Forest ;
wood W. of Warley Common ; Ruislip woods ; woods about Croham
Hurst, <fec.

LOLIUM PERENNE. — Pastures and waysides, common, 6-7. Everywhere.*

LOLIUM TEMULENTUM. — Cornfields, frequent, 6-7.

LONICERA PERICLYMENUM. — Hedges and thickets, common, 6-9. Hedges
everywhere in the environs a little way out ;* Epping Forest,* &c.

Lonicera Xylosteum. — Rare, incidental, 5-6. Hedge near Brook, Godalming.

LOTUS CORNIGULATUS. — Pastures, common. (Barnes Common ;* Hampstead
Heath.*)

LOTUS MAJOR. — Sides of ditches and watery places on heaths, frequent,
7-8. (Barnes Common ;* Hampstead Heath, in the bog.*)

LOTUS TENUIS. — Banks, &c., not common, 7-8. Bank by the road from
Dartford to Greenstreet Green.*

LUZULA SYLVATICA. — Woods in hilly districts, frequent, 5-6. Darent
Wood ;* Epping Forest ;* Warley Woods ; wood below Headley church,
towards Walton ; Wormley Wood ; Pinner Wood ; Tilgate Forest.

LUZULA FOSTERI. — Groves and thickets in a gravelly or chalky soil, rare ;
ex. in Surrey, 3—6. Left side of Telegraph Hill, near Ditton ; about
Dorking ; about Dartford, and between Dartford and Crayford ; Couls-
don ; Hainault Forest ; Pinner Wood ; Harrow Weald Common (?)
(olim) ; dry banks about Farnham ; Bisham Wood ; S. end of Easney
Park Wood ; woods by Pinner Lane.

LUZULA PILOSA. — Woods, frequent, 3-5. (Epping Forest ;* Pinner Wood.*)

LUZULA CAMPESTRIS. — Woods and dry pastures, common, 4-5. (Hamp-
stead Heath.*)

LUZULA MULTIFLORA. — In similar situations, and as frequent, 4-5. (Putney
Heath and Wimbledon.*)

LYCHNIS FLOS-CUCULI. — Moist meadows, &c., frequent, 5-6. (Hampstead
Heath, in the bog.*)

40 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

LYCHNIS VESPERTINA. — Under hedges and in grass fields, frequent, 6-9.
Hedges in the environs;* (roadside between Barnes and Mortlake, &c.*)

LYCHNIS DIURNA. — Hedgebanks and in copses, frequent. Hedges in the
environs ; (Tottenham ;* Hendon ;* Willesden, &c.*)

LYCHNIS GITHAGO. — Cornfields, frequent, 6-8. Cornfields everywhere;
if not in one, in another.

LYCOPSIS ARVENSIS. — See ANCHUSA ARVENSIS.

LYCOPUS EUROPJEUS. — Ditches and river banks, common, 6-9. (Plenty by
the Thames, Lea, &c.*)

LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS. — Sides of rivers, and in wet shady places, fre-
quent, 7-8. Hedges in the wet meadows by the canal between Hare-
field and Uxbridge ;* by the Brent in two or three localities ;* in the
Wey, near Byfleet ;* Guildford ; banks of the Roding ;* of the Lea ;
hedges about Felbridge ; near Pirbright Common ;* by the Thames at
Teddington; at Mortlake o/ww(?); by the rivulet above the pond near
Puttenham.*

LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA. — Damp, shady woods, banks, and pastures, 6-7.
Darent Wood, abundant ;* Chislehurst ;* Keston Common ; Epping
Forest;* by the Thames in several places above Richmond;* Burnham
Beeches ;* by the canal, &c., Rickmansworth ;* ditches in lanes about
Colney Heath,* &c.

LYSIMACHIA NEMORUM. — Shady woods, frequent, 7-9. Darent Wood ;*
Pinner Wood ;* Croham Hurst ;* Box Hill ;* Burnham Beeches ;* Wim-
bledon Common ;* Epping Forest ; Warley woods ; Broxbourne and
Wormley woods.*

LYTHRUM SALICARIA. — River-sides and marshy places, common, 7-9.
(Plenty by the Thames,* Lea, &c.*)

LYTHRUM HYSSOPIFOLIA. — Moist places. rare;(?) perhaps often overlooked,
6-10. Colney Heath, and in an adjoining field (?) olim ; Hounslow
Heath (?) olim> possibly by the Cran ; between Staines and Laleham, in
a marshy field (?) olim ; by the Wandsworth steamboat pier in 1855 and
1859.

MAIANTHEMUM BIFOLIUM,— fe SMILACINA.

MALAXI& PALUDOSA. — Sphagnum bogs, 7-9, very rare. Bog, corner of

the pond on Puttenham Common, nearest Hampton Lodge ; bog, foot of

Oxshott Hill, a few plants, olim ; bog on common adjoining Burnham

Beeches (?) ; Ashdown Forest, near Tunbridge Wells, in the great bog by

Kidbrooke Park pales ; and at Pressbridge Warren, near Wychcross.
MALVA SYLVESTRIS. — Waste places, common, 6-9. Everywhere in the

outskirts.*
MALVA ROTUNDIFOLJA. — Waste places, common, 6—9. Frequent in the

outskirts ;* (banks of the Lea Canal, plenty.*)
MALVA MOSCHATA. — Meadows, pastures, and roadsides in a gravelly soil,

frequent, 7-8. About Merstham ; Nutfield ;* Bletchingley ; Shiere ;

Albury ; Guildford ; Clammer Hill, near Godalming ; Reigate Heath,*

near Colney Heath,* &c.*
MARRUBIUM VULGARE. — Waste places, chiefly in the chalk districts.

Hayes Common,* Box HiUj aoxd Betchworth ; Hog's Back,* Chislehurst ;

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 41

Thursley ; Reigate Heath ;* Uxbridge Moor ; Hampstead Heath, two
plants;* Wimbledon and Streitham commons, olim ; Tilbury?

Matricaria Parthenium. — Hedgebanks and waste places, generally near
habitations, not unfrequent. About Hendon, and the suburbs of London,
in several places.

MATRICARIA INODORA. — Fields, wastes, and waysides, common, 7-9.
Everywhere, in waste places about the suburbs.

MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA. — Waste places and cultivated grounds, frequent,
6-8. With the preceding, in similar situations and in market gar-
dens.*

Medicago sativa. — In fields, hedges, and borders of fields, frequent, 6—7.
Cultivated fields in the environs, and bordering hedges ; near Mitcham.*

MEDICAGO MACULATA. — Gravelly pastures, frequent, 5-8. (Putney Heath,
plentiful.*)

MEDICAGO LUPULINA. — Waste and cultivated ground, frequent, 5-8.
Ditch banks by the Thames near Erith, &c., plentiful,* &c.

MEDICAGO DENTICULATA. — Rare, 5-8 ; local. Behind Ponder's End, olim.

MEDICAGO FALCATA. — Dry gravelly banks, rare, 6-7. About Croydon
X?)o/*m; between Watford and Bushey Hill (?) olim.

MEDICAGO MINIMA. — Sandy fields and wastes, rare; local, near South-
end, 6.

MELAMPYRUM PRATENSE. — Woods and thickets, frequent, 5-8. Pinner
and Ruislip woods ;* Darent Wood ;* copses, Highgate ;* Epping Forest ;*
Croham Hurst;* Box Hill.*

MELAMPYRUM CRISTATUM. — Rare, 7. In newly-cut copses on chalk, N.W.
of Hertford ; N.W. corner of Essex in similar localities ; Box Hill, or
wood near Headley (olim), doubtful ; wood near Northchurch Common ;
Tring, olim (?).

MELAMPYRUM ARVENSE. — Cornfields, rare, 6-8. In Herts, near Ashwell.

MELICA UNIFLORA. — Shady woods, frequent, 5-7. Hedges about Hen-
don,* &c.

MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS. — Waysides and bushy places ; borders of fields,
frequent. Banks of the Thames ;* Harrow Road ;* about Box Hill ;
Dorking ; Epping Forest.

MELILOTUS ALBA. — Waysides and bushy places, occasionally, not very fre-
quent, 7-8. About Erith ;* marshy meadow near Cuxton railway
station, abundant ;* Mickleham (olim) ; about railway stations occa-
sionally.

Melilotus arvensis. — Rare, local, 7-8. * Cybele,' iii. p. 332.

MELITTIS MELISSOPHYLLUM. — About Furnace Pool, Felbridge, in great
variety (plim), (doubtful ; Cybele Brit.) local, rare.

Melissa officinalis. — A casual. Roadside between Chelmsford and Galley-
wood Common ; private road from Chessington to Leatherhead.

MENTHA ROTUNDIFOLIA. — Moist places, rare, 8-9. Wimbledon Com-
mon (?) ; Woolwich marshes (?) (now drained) ; between Crayford and
Dartford (?) ; by the Ravensbourne at Lewisham, (?) olim ; about Hare-
field ; lane between Reigate church and Ffrenches (?) ; by the roadside
between Hertford and Essendon, , opposite Watery Hall Farm ; in a
blind lane a little off the new road between Bedwell and Camrield Place,

42 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Essendon ; lane between Pembridge and Westuble lanes; Worplesdon ;

stream near Hooley House, Redhill ; Ashtead Park, near Epsom, by the

footpath.
MENTHA SYLVESTRIS. — Moist waste ground, not common, 8-9. About

Dartford ; between Crayford and Dartford ; between Harlow and Saw-

bridgworth ; Epping Forest ; between Camfield Place and Hatfield Wood-
side ; Hoddesdon, by the railway (mill stream) ; near Emmett's Mill,

between Ottershaw Park and Chobham.
Mentha viridis. — Marshy places, doubtfully wild, near London, rare, 8.

Side of a pond, in a field 2 miles from Thorndon (olitn) ; banks of the

Thames (?) (where?)
MENTHA PIPERITA. — Watery places, rare, 8-9. Cultivated about Mitcham,

and on the Sutton Downs ; Croydon, by the river ; (waif of cultivation ?)

about Guild ford.
MENTHA AQUATICA. — Marshes, ditches, and banks of rivers, frequent, 8-9.

In such-like localities everywhere round London.
MENTHA HIRSUTA. — A mere variety.
MENTHA CILIATA. — Ditto.
MENTHA SATIVA. — Wet places, banks of rivers, ditches, &c., frequent, 7-8.

In ditches by the Lea ;* Colney Heath, and near it ;* Epping Forest.*
MENTHA RUBRA. — In similar situations, 8-9, rare, a mere variety. Ditches,

near Purfleet ;* between Ongar and Brentwood ; Sonning, Berks ; Nut-
field Marsh.
MENTHA ARVENSIS. — Cornfields, frequent ; near Harefield ;* cornfields

foot of the hills E. of Dorking, plentiful ;* cornfield, foot of Oxshott Hill.*
MENTHA GENTILIS. — A variety of the preceding ; in similar situations. By

a mill-stream at West Ham.
MENTHA PRATENSIS. — Watery places, in moist meadows, not frequent, 8-9.

Pirbright Common, near Worplesdon, in the hollow ;* by the Lea.
MENTHA GRACILIS. — A variety of the last ; in similar situations, 8-9.
MENTHA PULEGIUM. — Wet commons and margins of brooks, not frequent.

Ditton Marsh;* Mitcham Common;* Wimbledon Common (?) o/mi;

Wandsworth Common ; gravel-pits in Epping Forest ; about Coulsdon ;

Dartford, by the Cray ; Whitemoor Common ;* Reigate Heath ; Harefield ;

Coulsdon ; Purfleet ; Chislehurst Common ; Earlswood Common ; Tot-

teridge Green ; Colney Heath ;* Brickendon Green.
MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA. — Marshes and bogs, frequent, 5-7. Wimbledon

Common, ravine near the mill ;* Hampstead Heath ;* Hayes Common ;*

bog between Farnborough and Keston Common ; Reigate Heath ;* Fel-

bridge pools ; Colney Heath ;* Rickmansworth Moor ; in Epping Forest ;

Warley Common ; bogs, Waterdown Forest, Tunbridge Wells ; Colney

Heath ;* Box Moor, Berkhampstead ; Ball's Wood ; Harefield Moor.
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS. — Woods and shady places, common, 3-5.

Shady lanes and groves everywhere in the environs.
MERCURIALIS ANNUA. — Waste places about habitations, not common, 7-11.

At Child's Hill, in cottage plots, &c. ;* Croydon ; elsewhere about London ;

banks of the Thames ; Southend.
MESPILUS GERMANICA. — Hedges, rare, 5-6. Redhill ; between Redhill and

Nutfield.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 43

MILIUM EFFUSUM. — Moist shady woods, frequent, 5-6. Lane from Reigate
Hill to Colley Hill ; Epping Forest ; Charlton Wood ; copses near Reigate ;
Brondesbury Park;* Forest Hill.

Mimulus luteus. — Rare, incidental. Bourne Bridge, between Woking and
Chobham.

MCENCHIA ERECTA. — Gravelly pastures, frequent, 5-6. Wimbledon Com-
mon ;* Barnes Common ;* Moulsey Hurst ;* Epping Forest ; Reigate
Heath ; Albury and Shiere heaths ; Harefield ; Uxbridge Common ;
Warley Common ; Colney and Hertford heaths.

MOLINIA C^ERULEA. — Moors and wet heaths, frequent, 7-8. (Putney
Heath ;* Hampstead Heath.*)

MONOTROPA HYPOPITYS. — Dry beech and fir woods, not common, 7-8. Box
Hill ;* Mickleham, in the wood left of Headley Lane, further end espe-
cially ;* Reigate Hill ;* Coulsdon; Tring ; Shiere.

MOXTIA FONTANA. — Rills and about springs, frequent, 4-8. (Hampstead
Heath ;* Barnes Common ;* Ditton Marsh, by the railway.*)

MYOSOTIS PALUSTBIS. — Ditches and river-sides, common, 6-8. (By the
Thames ;* Lea ;* Colne ;* and especially in bordering ditches ; Wim-
bledon Common, &c.)

MYOSOTIS CJESPITOSA. — Watery places, common, 6-8. (Wimbledon Com-
mon ;* Putney Heath.*)

MYOSOTIS REPENS. — Peat bogs, rare, 7-8. Peat bogs about Farnham ;
Wimbledon Common ; Bagshot Heath ; bog, Little Berkhampstead, Herts ;
Bell Bar bog ; Hatfield woodside ; Ruislip reservoir ; ditches near
Pinner Drive ; about Esher ; near Gracious Pond ; boggy spots on Leith
Hill ; near Witley station, in a bog.

MYOSOTIS SYLVATICA. — Dry, shady places, and in dry woods, not common,
5-8. Pinner and Oxhey woods ;* Darent Wood ;* roadside between
Crayford and Dartford ; Epping Forest; wood on Tilsey Hill, 8 miles
from Croydon (borders).

MYOSOTIS ARVENSIS.: — Cultivated fields and hedgebanks, common. (Fields
between Willesden and Harlesden Green);* and elsewhere in the envi-
rons.*

MYOSOTIS COLLINA. — Dry, sandy banks, not unfrequent, 4-5. Barnes
Common ;* Wimbledon Common ;* Sheen Common,* &c.

MYOSOTIS VERSICOLOR. — In dry and wet situations, frequent, 5-6. Barnes
Common ;* Shirley Common ;* bank by the roadsides about Hounslow,
Teddington, &c., plentiful.*

MYOSURUS MINIMUS. — Cornfields and waste places, chiefly in a chalky
soil, rather uncommon. Epping Forest (borders ?) ; Warley Common
(?) olim ; cliffs between Northfleet and Gravesend ; Claygate, near
Ditton ; Epsom ; west end of Reigate Park ; cornfields near Frensham
Church ; about Hertford ; cornfields, Slough ; Cookham, Berks ; in the
closes at Streatham ; (?) fields near Caesar's Camp, Wimbledon ; Fflanch-
ford and Santon cornfields ; several places between Hertford and Hat-
field ; between Hoddesdon and Rye House ; gravelly fields, North Mimms ;
wheatfield, west end of Park Hill, Reigate.

MYRRHIS ODORATA. — Rare, local ; side of road between Upper Gatton and
Shabden Park, Chipstead.

44 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

MYRICA GALE. — Bogs and moors, local, 5-7. Bagshot Heath* (left of the
road from Chobham) ; Pirbright Heath ;* Bisley Common ; neighbour-
hood of Stroud House, near Godalming ; Broadmoor Bottom, Berks ;
Waterdown Forest, near Tunbridge Wells.

MYRIOPHYLLUM VERTICTLLATUM. — Ponds and ditches, not unfrequent ;
pond on the common by Walton Bridge, where the Limnanthemum
grows ;* in the Roding at Woodford ; in the Brent at Greenford ;
marsh ditches below Greenwich (?) in the Colne ditches about Rickmans-
worth and Uxbridge ; between West Ham and the Thames ; pond,
Warley Common ; Fyfield ; ditches by the railway, near confluence of
the Lea and Stort ; dam near old mill, Hoddesdon ; Tring reservoir ;
above Weybridge, in marsh near the river.

MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM. — Ditches and stagnant waters, frequent, 6-7.
Wimbledon Common ; ditches in the marshes below Woolwich, by the
Thames, abundant ;* in the Roding at Woodford ; round pond, Bushy
Park ; Colney Heath ; ponds on Highdown Heath ; Earlswood Common ;
Felbridge pools.

MYRIOPHYLLUM ALTERNIFOLIUM. — Rare ; in ponds. Ditton Marsh ; Abrook
Common; Frensham little pond ;* gravel-pits, Higham Bushes; Lough-
ton ; pond at Brickendon Green ; Totteridge Green ; Colney Green ;
Elstree reservoir ; Great Berkhampstead Common ; canal at Ash.

NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS.— Moist woods, thickets, and pastures,
not frequent, 3-4 ; Pinner ;* Charlton Wood (?) olim ; orchard at Break-
speares, near Harefield ; near Croham Hurst ; field at Low Layton
(?) olim ; meadow on a farm near Woodhatch ; copse right of lane lead-
ing from foot of Redstone Hill to Nutfield ; Mill Hill ; Hookwood
Wood, near Worplesdon.

Narcissus major. — Rare, incidental ; a garden waif.

Narcissus bijiorus. — Incidental. On Totteridge Green (olim) ; and also in
several places near Harefield (olim) ; meadow S. of Ruislip reservoir ;
Tilgate Forest.

NARDUS STRICTA. — Wet heaths and moors, common. (Hampstead Heath ;*
Putney Heath.*)

NARTHECIUM OSSIFRAGUM. — Bogs on heaths and moors, frequent, 5-8.
Keston Common ;* Bagshot Heath ;* Pirbright Heath ;* Esher Common ;*
Farnham Common by Buruham Beeches ;* bogs on Leith Hill ;* Putney
Heath ; a small patch near entrance to Roehampton lane ;* Chislehurst.

NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE. — Brooks and rivulets, common. Hampstead
Heath, sparingly, but frequent in the outskirts ; by the Thames ; border-
ing ditches by the Lea, &c.*

NASTURTIUM SYLVESTRE. — Watersides and and waste places, frequent, 6-8.
Plentiful, roadside between Hammersmith and Barnes Common ;* road-
side by the lake, on the embankment, &c., at the Welsh Harp, Hendon.*

NASTURTIUM TERRESTRE. — Watery places, not very common, 6-10.
Thames side between Putney and Kew ; borders of a pond right of the
lane from Hampstead Heath to Fortune Green.*

NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM. — Watery places, frequent, 6-8. (By the
Thames between Putney and Mortlake ;* ditch on Barnes Common.*)

I. FLO WE KING PLANTS. 45

NEOTTIA NIDUS- AVIS. — Shady woods, frequent, but not in any abundance,
5-6. Charlton Wood (?) olim ; White Heath wood, near Harefield ;
Epping Forest, below Woodford ;* Nutfield copse, by the Wray Common ;
Reigate Hill ;* Box Hill ; woods about Coulsdon ; in a wood near
Felbridge ; Fridley copse, Mickleham ; Beeching Wood, Norbury Park ;
Darent Wood ;* woods about Ranmore Common ; Oxhey woods ; damp
woods about Farnham ; Highwood, near Rickmansworth ; Mimms Wood ;
and in most of the woods S.W. of Tring ;* heathy wood between
Guildford and St. Martha's Chapel ; Bisham and Clifden woods, Berks ;
about Tunbridge Wells ; Pryor's Wood, Hatfield Heath ; Ball's Wood ;
Ranmore Common, Denbies.

NEPETA GLECHOMA. — Hedges and waste places, common, 3-5. Hedge-
rows in the outskirts, everywhere.

NEPETA CATARIA. — Hedges and waste places in a chalky or gravelly soil,
not very frequent, 7-9. Croydon, by the roadside near Smitham
Bottom,* and on the road to Sanderstead ;* Dartford Heath, and road
thence to Greenstreet Green ; Gravel Hill between Svvanscomb and
Northfleet ; roadside near Northfleet ;* about Farnborough ; Purfleet.

NUPHAR LUTEA. — Rivers, lakes, and ditches, common, 7-9. Plentiful in
the Brent,* Thames.* Roding,* &c.

NYMPHJEA ALBA. — Lakes and still waters, not very common, 7. In the
Thames at Ditton (?) olim ; in the Brent,* scarce ; pond on Putten-
ham Common, abundant ;* Felbridge, abundant ; Finchley, in a moat,*
planted (?) in the Colne at Harefield (?) olim ; in the Roding (?) ; pond
near Egham ; pond at Stow Green, Little Berkhampstead, &c. ; pond at
Hatfield woodside ; Staines ; Windsor ; Uxbridge Moor.

OBIONE. — See ATRIPLEX PORTULACOIDES.

(ENANTHE FISTULOSA. — Ditches, rivulets, and marshes, frequent, 7-9.
Marshy places by the Rifle Butts, Tottenham, plentiful ;* Barnes Com-
mon ;* Putney Heath.*

(ENANTHE PIMPINELLOIDES. — In similar localities, rare, 6-8. Ditches at
Purfleet (?) olim, not there now; mistaken for (E. Lac/ienalii?

(ENANTHE SILAIFOLIA. — In ponds and marshes, rare, 6. Pools by the road
from the Welsh Harp, Hendon, to Woodford House, Kingsbury* (E. de C.) ;
common meadow, Godalming ; in the Brent (o/e'm), near Greenford ;
Ham Haw Park, near Weybridge ; Eton.

(ENANTHE LACHENALII. — Salt-marshes, rare, 7-9. Ditches near Purfleet
towards Rainham ;* Mitcham Common, 1873 (Journal of Bot.) ; ditch
by the road from Staines to Hampton Court ; also in cross road to Sun-
bury (Watson).

(ENANTHE CROGATA. — Watery places by ditches and river-sides, frequent, 7.
river-side between Putney and Kew, &c., in profusion ;* Thames side
above Moulsey ;* Woodford by the Roding ; ditch in a meadow by the
footpath from the mill, Esher, to West Moulsey.*

(ENANTHE PHELLANDRIUM. — Ditches and ponds, not frequent, 7-9. By the
Colne about Harefield ;* in the Roding near Woodford ; in the Lea
below Chingford old church ;* near Romford, Dagenham and Rainham :
ponds, Great Warley ; ponds, foot of Winter Hill ; also at Wargrav

46 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

and Sonning, in Berks ; ponds west side of Ball's Wood ; pond between
Mangrove Lane and Brickendonbury Park ; ponds by the high road
between Bell Bar and Mil ward's Park Wood ; banks of canal between
Hanwell and Brentford ; ditches about Ditton and Chertsey.

(ENANTHE FLUVIATILIS. — Streams, not very general, 7-9 ; in the Lea
above Chingford Mills ;* in the Colne, plentiful,* (between Watford,
Harefield, and West Drayton) ; in the Thames by Chertsey ;* in the Lea,
near Hertford, beyond scarce.

(Etiothera biennis. — Incidentally, about London, and rather frequent, 7-9.
About the reservoirs at Walthamstow ;* waste places in the suburbs ;*
railway bank near Weybridge, abundant ;* also railway banks, Sutton ;*
Coulsdon ; Lewisham ; Warley.

ONOBRYCHIS SATIVA. — Chalky downs, frequent, 6-7. Fields bordering Da-
rent Wood ;* about Croydon ;* Reigate Hill ; fields and banks in many
places along the Surrey and Kentish downs, both cultivated and appa-
rently wild.*

ONONIS SPINOSA. — Barren pastures and borders of fields on a clay soil,
common, 6-9. (Plenty on Hampstead Heath, E., near the reservoirs ;*
Barnes Common.*)

ONONIS ARVENSIS. — Pastures, roadsides, and borders of fields, on a chalky
soil. Everywhere on the Surrey and Kentish downs ;* roadsides, ex. be-
tween Croydon and Selsdon,* and between Croydon and Sanderstead,*
Box Hill, &c.*

ONONIS RECLINATA. — Sea-shores, rare, 7-11; shore at Northfleet (?)
(not seen).

ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM. — Waste ground and roadsides in a gravelly and
chalky soil, not common. Borders of Dartford Heath, rather frequent*
(E. de C.) ; and roadside between the Heath and Greenstreet Green ;
Gravel Hill, between Swanscomb and Northfleet ; Erith (?) ; North-
fleet (?) ; Lewisham chalk-pit (?) olim ; Caterham Junction, a plant or
two ;* Walton Heath, E. of Hertford, by the Ware road ; side of the
Colne, E. of Colnbrook ; Fyfield ; Barking ; Grays ; Tilbury ; Southend.

OPHRYS APIFERA. — Both on chalky and on clay soils ; on the former,
especially in the metropolitan districts, scarce, 6-7. Box Hill ;* old
quarries W. of Dorking ; Purfleet (?) olim ; about Northfleet and
Gravesend (?); old chalk-pit on Morant's Court Hill -r chalk-pits, Hare-
field ; Cookham and Bisham hills ; Reigate Hill ;* Purley Downs ;
banks bordering Croham Hurst ;. chalk-pits on the Hog's Back ; North
Mimms ; woods near Watford ; chalk-pits, North Hall (or Northaw ?)
Common, Herts ; Tring, meadows between Wiggington and London
road ; chalk-pit, Gerard's Cross ; near Albury, Shiere, Chipstead, and
about Ranmore Common, olim.

OPHRYS ARANIFRRA. — Chalky pastures, rare, 4-5. More frequent in Kent
than in Surrey ; about Coulsdon, Dartford, Northfleet, and Gravesend ;
Greenhithe chalk-pits ; Mickleham (?) ; Morant's Court Hill ; hills E. of
Merstham ; Buckland Hill ; Norbury Park.

OPHRYS MUSCIFERA. — Chalky banks, more frequent in Surrey, scarce, 5—7.
Coulsdon; bank bordering Farthing Downs;* between Dorking and
Ranmore Common, and in the chalk-pits ; about Northfleet and Graves-

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 47

end (?) olim ; Sevenoaks (? downs near) ; Norbury Park ; bordering
banks, Croham Hurst, Purley Downs, Epsom Downs ; Box Hill ; chalk-
pits on the Hog's Back ; near Tring (by the park) ; chalk banks in old pits,
Reigate Hill ;* in two copses near Harefield, on the road to Oxbridge ;
Cookham, and in Bisham Wood, Berks. ; Buckland Hill, E. end ; about
Albury, Shiere, and Chipstead (olim) ; Morant's Court Hill (old pit).

ORCHIS HIRCINA. — Borders of woods, &c. In the Kentish and Surrey chalk
districts, very rare, perhaps extinct ; near Knockholt ; ? also between
Farningham and Shoreham ; ? borders of Darent Wood ; ? and road to
Greenstreet Green ; ? at Trailing Down (olim) ; roadside between Cray-
ford and Dartford (olim) ; Box Hill (olim) ; near Puddledock and Stan-
hill, in Wilmington parish (oiiin).

ORCHIS CONOPSEA. — See GYMNADENIA.

ORCHIS PYRAMIDALIS. — Banks and downs in the Surrey, Kentish, and
Herts, chalk districts, abundant, 6-8. Greenhithe chalk-pits ;* North-
fleet and Gravesend : Harefield ; Purfleet : Tring Downs ; * and Aldbury ;
Box Hill, and the Betchworth hills ;* 'Dorking chalk-pit;* hills W.
of Dorking ;* banks bordering Croham Hurst ; Mickleham Downs ;
Reigate hills ; * hills E. of Merstham ;* Shoreham ;* hills E.* and W.
of Wrotham ;* on the Hog's Back ;* chalky banks between Down and
Cudham ; Purfleet ; Cobham Park, bordering banks towards Cuxton.

ORCHIS USTULATA. — Jn similar situations, but far less frequent, 5-6.
Box Hill ; Buckland Hill ;* S. side of the Hog's Back ; Tring and Aldbury ;
between Knockholt and Wrotham Downs : Mickleham ; Harefield ; be-
tween Colley and Buckland Hill.

ORCHIS INCARNATA. — Rare, local ; near Ongar ; Hatfield.

ORCHIS MILITARIS. — Borders of woods in the Kentish, Surrey, and Berk-
shire downs, rare, 5. Box Hill (olim)] about Dartford, Northfleet, and
Gravesend (?) olim ; near Rochester ; woods about Cobham Park, near
Cuxton (var. fnsca) ; also between Knockholt and Wrotham ; pit near
the mill, Harefield ; Buckland Hill ; Tring, banks W. and Aldbury downs ;
near Reading ; Bisham Wood, Berks.

ORCHIS PURPUREA. — See ORCHIS MILITARIS, var. fusca (the Kentish form,
and now not seen in Surrey, except possibly on Buckland Hill).

ORCHIS MORIO. Meadows and pastures, frequent, 5-6. Below Box Hill
and the Betchworth hills ; field left of road between Lee and Eltham
(?) olim ; meadows opposite Swan Inn, Hendon ; meadows of Down
Farm and Hightrees Farm, Reigate; between Ash railway station and the
Hog's Back ; meadows at Pinner* and Ruislip,* abundantly ; meadows
between the mill, Esher, and W. Moulsey* ; Chigwell ; pastures near
Hertford ; N. Mimms ; St. Albans ; Great Berkhampstead ; Essendon.

ORCHIS MASCULA. — Woods and pastures, frequent, 4-6. Box Hill ; between
Lee and Eltham, with the preceding (?) olim ; Epping Forest ;* Mickle-
ham ; N. Mimms ; Harefield ; Mill Hill ; copse near Pinner Wood ;
plentiful in the meadows between the mill, Esher, and W. Moulsey ;*
between Down and Cudham ; Ruislip;* Pinner ;* Epping Forest; copses,
Wray Common.

ORCHIS LATIFOLIA. — Marshes and moist meadows, frequent, 6-7. Wim-
bledon Common, in the further ravine ;* Ruislip Moor,* abundant ;

48 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

banks adjoining Merstham pools ; meadows left of the Dorking road,
between Heigate Hill and Buckland ; Harefield, and Rickmansworth, ID
the marshy meadows, plentiful ; Hatfield Forest ; Fyfield ; Boxmoor.
ORCHIS MACULATA. — Heaths, pastures, and boggy places, frequent, 5-7.
Epping Forest ;* Keston Common ;* Reigate Heath (W. end);* Box Hill :
Stanmore Heath ; Scratch Wood ; Warley Common.

Ornithogalum umbellatum. — Meadows and pastures, rare, 5-6. About
Croydon (?) olim ; Shirley Common (?) olim ; in a waste field near
Charlton Church (?) olim; Wimbledon Park; foot of Winter Hill,
Berks. ; meadows about Harefield ; Wellington College ; Streatham
(in the closes) ; Teddington, on a small island in the Thames ; near
Hertford Union workhouse, in meadows by the footpath to Chadwell ;
in Ware Park, by footpath from Hertford to Ware ; near Purley Oaks ;
Stoke Park, near the churchyard (Surrey) ; meadows about Reigate.
ORNITHOGALUM PYRENAICUM. — Pastures, rare, 6-7. Land's End near
Ripley, (Guildford neighbourhood) ; near Godalming ; on Strawberry
Hill (?) olim.

Ornithogalum nutans. — Fields and orchards ; rare, 4-5. Wimbledon
Park ; side of the Ravensbourne at Lewisham, (?) olim ; bank right
from Linkfield Street to the Wray Common, Reigate, olim.
ORNITHOPUS PERPUSILLUS. — Dry sandy and gravelly places, common,

5-7. Hampstead Heath, abundant.*

ORIGANUM VULGARE. — Dry hilly places, especially in the chalk districts ;
common, 7-9. Everywhere on the chalk : Purfleet ;* lanes between
Carshalton and Banstead ;* also between Croydon, Selsdon, and Sander-
stead, &c. ;* Greenhithe ;* Tring ;* Harefield ;* on the downs from
the Hog's Back to Cuxton ;* about Hertford ;* Essex ; lanes about
Hatfield Broad Oak, as far as the Rodings and Fyfield ;* Dartford ;* &c.
OROBANCHE MAJOR. — Parasitic on roots of leguminous plants ; not un-
frequent, 5-7. Box Hill and neighbourhood ; Harefield, in a lane
near the village ; Epping Forest ; Wimbledon Common (?) ; Warley
Common; woods adjoining Felbridge pools; furze fields, N. Minims,
Herts ; furze field, Colney Heath.

OROBANCHE MINOR. — Parasitic on clover, more frequent than the pre-
ceding species, 6-10. Near Croydon ;* about Coulsdon, Leatherhead ;*
Brockham ;* Betchworth ; Dorking ;* woods adjoining Felbridge pools,
foot of the Hog's Back, near Puttenham ;* mostly in clover fields on
the chalk in Kent and Surrey.

OROBANCHE ELATIOR. — On] Centaurea Scabiosa, and in clover fields and

bushy places on the chalk, 6-8. Fields, Carshalton, Sutton, and

Banstead downs ; about Coulsdon ; Box Hill and Betchworth ; between

Hertfold and Ware.

OROBANCHE C^ERULEA. — Rare, 6-8. In clover fields near Cookham,

Berks ; Hoddesdon, in the open field W. by road to Hertford.
OROBANCHE RAPUM. — See 0. MAJOR.

OROBUS TUBEROSUS, — Thickets in hilly places, frequent, 5-7. Wimbledon
Common ;* Croham Hurst ;* Epping Forest ;* Hadley Wood, near
Barnet ;* Chislehurst woods ;* Highgate Wood ;* Keston Common ;*
Shooter's Hill;* woods about Broxbourne, Bayford, &c.*

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 49

OXALIS ACETOSELLA. — Shady woods ; frequent. Plenty in Epping
Forest.*

PANICUM.— See ECHINOCHLOA.

PAPAVER RHOEAS. — Cornfields and waste places ; common, 6-10. Between
Hammersmith and Barnes Common ;* cornfields by the Thames.*

PAPAVER DUBIUM. — Cornfields and waste places ; also on walls ; not un-
frequent, 5-7. About Croydon ; Mortlake on a wall by the Thames ;*
about Willesden Junction railway premises ;* Pinner ;* between Dart-
ford and N. slope of Darent Wood in plenty ;* near Ewell ; Box Hill ;
Dorking ; and many other places above and below the downs.*

PAPAVER ARGEMONE. — Cornfields in the chalk districts ; rare, 5-7.
Cornfield near Greenhithe, towards Darent Wood ;* Box Hill ; Dart-
ford and Crayford, between these places ; on gravelly soil N.W. of
Hertford ; between Cobham and Cuxton ; Essendon ; Cheshunt ; St.
Albans ; Harefield.

PAPAVER HYBRIDUM. — Chalky cornfields ; rare, 5-7. Cornfields between
the Merrow Downs and Guildford* (on the slope) ; also on the Hog's
Back ;* in a cornfield between Dartford and Darent Wood ;* between
Dartford and Northfleet ; cornfields, Harefield ; between Cobham and
Cuxton.

Papaver somniferum. — Cultivated fields, incidentally. Between Greenhithe
and Darent wood ;* Dartford, in a field near towards Greenstreet
Green ;* about Coulsdon ; between Cobham and Cuxton (in a field
sloping up to the park) ;* near Headley, coming over the downs from
the Dorking road ;* Great Warley.

PARIETARIA DIFFUSA. — Old walls (and in waste places occasionally) ;
frequent, 6-9. Fulham by the church wall ;* Mortlake in quantity,
wall by the river side ;* wall, Greenhithe near the station ;* walls,
St. Mary Cray ; Chigwell ; Highgate ; &c.

PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS. — See P. DIFFUSA.

PARIS QUADRIFOLIA. — Wet shady woods, rare, 5-6. Petz Wood, Chisle-
hurst (enclosed) ; Longwood (also enclosed) ; Old Park Wood, Hare-
field ; Nutwood, in Gatton Park, Surrey ; Epping Forest ; Fyfield ;
woods, Aldbury ; Bay ford Wood ; copse between Reigate Hill and Wray
Common ; Ball's Wood ; Easney Park Wood ; copse near Pinner Wood ;
and copses on the hills E. of Merstham.

PARNASSIA PALUSTRIS. — Boggy meadows, rare, 8-9. Between High and
Chipping Ongar ; and in a marshy meadow at Chipping Ongar ; Hare-
field, near the mill (?) olim ; common moor, Rickmansworth ; Boxmoor ;
in a boggy field near Cashiobury Park ; Tring reservoirs ; Lea valley,
near Hatfield ;* and Hertford ; meadows between Great Berkhampstead
and Bourne End, Watford.

PEDICULARIS PALUSTRIS. — Bogs and wet marshy pastures ; frequent,
5-9. (Hampstead Heath ;* Putney Heath and Wimbledon Common ;*
marshy places by the canal, Woking, &c., in abundance ;* Keston
Common.*)

PEDICULARIS SYLVATICA. — Moist heaths and pastures; common, 4-7.
(Hampstead Heath ; Putney Heath.*)

E

50 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

PEPLIS PORTULA. — Watery places ; frequent, 7-8. (Hampstead and
Putney Heaths ;* Wimbledon Common.*)

PETASITES VULGARIS. — Watery meadows and by water sides ; frequent,
3-5. By the Thames, other side of Hammersmith Bridge ;* between
Mortlake and Kew, in osier holts* (if these have not all been converted
into garden land); Chingford, in the mill-race.*

PETROSELINUM SEGETUM. — Moist fields in chalky soils ; not common, 8-9.
Abundant in a field S. of Cobham Park* (E. de C.) ; banks in the
Thames marsh-lands in several places; Purfleet ;* Grays ; Tilbury;*
Erith ;* Northfleet and Gravesend ; between Greenwich and Woolwich';
borders of Epping Forest, about Chingford (?) olim ; between Esher and
W. Moulsey ; borders of fields near Farnham ; by the roadside between
Hertford and Hertingfordbury ; cornfields on the Hog's Back ; about
Coulsdon ; near the river at Woodbridge.

Petroselinum sativum. — Incidentally near gardens and cottages, 6—8.
Northfleet chalk-pits in profusion, well established* (E. de C.).

PEUCEDANUM PALUSTRE. — Rare, local ; in boggy places, 7-8. Border of
upper forest, Epping, Epping side of Roydon in a broad ditch (Flora
of Essex). CEnanthe Lachenalii or Silaus pratensis mistaken for it
(Cybele Brit.).1

PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA. — See DIGRAPH is.

Phalaris cawiriensis. — Incidentally on rubbish and waste places about
habitations, 7. May often be found on dunghills, &c., in the suburbs.*

PHLEUM PRATENSE. — Meadows, common, 6-10. Pastures everywhere in
the suburbs.*

PHLEUM ARENARIUM. — Sandy sea-shores, 5-6. Southend.

PHLEUM BCEHMERI. — Rare. Near Hertford Union workhouse, on a steep
gravelly bank by the road to Stanstead ; gravel pit between Holwell
and Hatfield (T. B. Blow).

PHRAGMITES COMMUNIS. — Ponds and ditches, common, 7-8. Abundant
in ditches by the Thames below Greenwich, on both sides of the river
for miles.*

PHYTEUMA ORBICULARE. — Chalky downs in Surrey and Kent ; rare, 7-8.
Puriey Downs ;* roadside between Croydon and Sanderstead, near the
downs ;* old chalk-pits, Dorking ;* chalk-pits, &c., on the Hog's
Back ; about Coulsdon, Leatherhead (?) ; Mickleham ; Box Hill ;
Shiere ; Albury.

PiCRis HIERACIOIDES. — Roadsides and borders of fields in the chalk
districts (and on gravel drift over chalk) ; frequent, 6-10. Everywhere
in the above localities along the chalk range from Cuxton to Farnham ;*
Purfleet ;* Greenhithe ;* Dartford ;* Croydon ;* between Carshalton
and the Banstead Downs ;* Essex, between Hatfield Broad Oak and
Fyfield, but not so frequent ; Harefield.*

PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA. — Dry pastures, common, 7-9. (Banks of the
Paddington canal ; plentiful towards Willesden.)

PIMPINELLA MAGNA. — Shady places in the chalk districts, not frequent,
7-8. Reigate Hill;* lanes below the hills W. of Reigate Hill;*
Coulsdon ; about Guildford, plentiful ; Greenhithe ; Westerham ;
i Peucedanum officinale plentiful at Faversham, in the creek there.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 51

Sevenoaks ; hills E. of Merstham ; Dorking ; about Hertford ; near

S.W. corner of Verulam, St. Albans ; Ongar ; Brentwood ; Godal-

ming ; between Godstone and Longfield ; near Hertford and to the south

of it ; about Ball's Wood ; footpath to Bayford ; copse, Tom's Hill,

Aldbury ; lane leading to Woodcock Hill, Great Berkhampstead ;

hedge by Tring reservoir.
PINGUICULA VULGARIS. — Bogs and moist heaths, rare so far south, 5-6.

Bog in the Petz wood (enclosed), Chislehurst (?) olim.
PlNUS SYLVESTRIS. — Woods and plantations, frequent, 5-6. Abundant

about Esher, Weybridge, &c. ;* but planted (?) ; a clump on Hamp-

stead Heath ;* &c.
PLANTAGO MAJOR. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 6-8. Everywhere

in the suburbs.*
PLANTAGO MEDIA. — Pastures on chalky soils, common, 6-10. Plentiful

on Farthing Downs, &c. ; everywhere on the chalk range.*
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 6-7. Every-
where in the suburbs.*
PLANTAGO MARITIMA. — Grassy pastures by the Thames below Woolwich.

6-9. Abundant both sides of the river.*
PLANTAGO LACUSTRIS. — Gravelly wastes and sandy commons, common, 6-7

(Plentiful on Hampstead Heath ;* Barnes Common,* &c.)
PLANTAGO CORONOPUS. — See P. LACUSTRIS.
POA ANNUA. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 4-9. Everywhere in the

suburbs.*

POA BULBOSA. — Sandy seashores, local, 4-5. Southend ?
POA NEMORALIS. — Woods and thickets, frequent, 6-7. Epping Forest ;*

thickets, Claygate ;* lanes near Reigate.
POA COMPRESSA. — Walls and dry waste ground, frequent, 6-7. Suburbs

in many places,* waste ground near West-end (Hampstead) railway

station,* near Moulsey.*
POA PRATENSIS. — Meadows and pastures, frequent, 6-7. Pastures about

London, plentiful.*
POA TRIVIALIS. — Meadows and pastures, common, 6-7. Pastures about

London everywhere.*
POLEMONIUM C^ERULEUM. — Banks and bushy places, very rare, 6-7. Of

doubtful occurrence in the metropolitan districts, except incidentally

as a garden waif, at Windsor ; between Reading and Speenham land.
POL YG ALA CALCAREA. — Surrey heaths, rare, 5-9. Box Hill, slope of a

valley right of the lane from Mickleham to Headley.
POLYGALA VULGARIS. — Dry, hilly pastures, frequent, 5-9. Epping Forest ;*

Banstead Downs ;* Shirley Common ;* Keston and Hayes commons ;*

Hampstead Heath, sparingly.*
POLYGONATUM MULTIFLORUM. — Woods, rare. Epping Forest, between

Epping and Theydon ; and in Epping Mill Copse ; woods, Tring ;

Finchhampstead woods, Berks, plentiful ; river Gary, in bordering

woods.
Polygonum Fagopyrum* — Dunghills, and about cultivated land, 7-8.

Frequent on roadsides, and borders of fields in the neighbourhood of

Ascot and Chobham, where the grain is raised**

E 2

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS. — Cornfields, frequent, 7-9. In almost every
cornfield ;* also in market gardens.*

POLYGONUM DUMETORUM. — Thickets, rare, 8-9. Cornfields near Farnham,
beyond Sir G. Barlow's garden; wood near Mickleham? (in 1835);
hedge in Shiere parish ; road from Wok ing Common stat. to Guildford ;
Witley Lagg.

POLYGONUM AVICULARE. — Waysides, and waste places, common, 5-9.
Everywhere in the suburbs.*

POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER. — Borders of pools and in ditches, common, 8-9.
(Plentiful on Hampstead Heath* (in holes); Harrow Road, &c.*)

POLYGONUM MINUS. — Gravelly and watery commons, not uncommon, 8-9.
Ditton Marsh, by the roadside ;* Colney Heath ;* grassy commons near
the village, Pirbright Heath ;* ditto, near Worplesdon ;* Wimbledon
Common ; borders of Frensham pond ; Epping Forest ; Great Warley.

POLYGONUM MITE. — In similar situations, rare, 8.

POLYGONUM PERSICARIA. — Moist ground and waste places, frequent, 7-10.
Everywhere in the suburbs, and often in gardens.*

POLYGONUM LAPATHIFOLIUM. — Fields and dunghills, frequent, 7-9. In
the suburbs, everywhere, and often on dunghills about farms.*

POLYGONUM AMPHIBIUM. — Margins of ponds, ditches, and damp grounds,
frequent, 7-8. Plentiful on the banks of the reservoir at the Welsh
Harp, Hendon, and by the Brent.*

POLYGONUM BISTORTA. — Moist meadows, not common, 6-9. In the
meadow below Bishop's Wood (olim, now rather scarce) ; river-side,
Uxbridge ; and about Rickmansworth ; Wotton meadows ; Shiere ;
Blackwater meadows.

POLYPOGON MONSPELIENSIS. — Moist pastures, and borders of ditches by
the Thames, very rare, 6-8. By the great ditch near Purfleet (?) olim ;
a mile and a half from Tilbury towards Grays, in ditches, opposite W.
end of Northfleet ; Greenhithe (?) ; near the Butts on Plumstead
Common ; Canvey Island, between the chapel and the river, and near
the World's End.

POLYPOGON LITTORALIS. — In similar situations, and equally rare, 7.
Canvey Island, between the chapel and the river* (E. de C.) ; (yes, littoralis,
H. C. Watson) ; near the powder magazine, Woolwich (half-way to Erith),
o/m(?); Southend.

POPULUS ALBA. — Moist woods, rare, 3-4. Epping Forest ;* Pinner
Wood ;* about London (but planted ?) ;* between Southend and Leigh.

POPULUS CANESCENS. — Wet, turfy meadows and dry heaths, frequent, 3-4.
Plantations about London, not uncommon ;* by the Thames, near
Richmond ;* roadside near Colney Hatch ;* pasture through which a
footpath runs up to Hampstead from the Finchley road ;* a 9 tree on
Barnes Common ;* near Ongar.

POPULUS TREMULA. — Moist woods, not common, 3-4. Epping Forest, near
High Beech ; Hertford Heath, a tree or two,* may be more there-
abouts, especially in Ball's Wood ; by the Cran, near Hounslow ; Bishop's
Wood, Highgate ; Harrow Weald ; Warley Common ;* on the Holmwood.

Populus nigra. — Watery places, and by river-sides, not uncommon ; but
probably planted, 4-5. Some fine 9 trees by the river, between

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 53

Hammersmith and Putney, Surrey side ; and some equally fine £ trees
in the pastures adjoining Barnes Common.* Var. fastigiata occurs more
generally.*

POTENTILLA FRAGARIASTRUM. — Woods, bank, and dry pastures, frequent,
3-5. Dry banks in most of the lanes a short way out of London ;*
Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest, &c.

POTENTILLA TORMENTILLA. — Moors and heaths, common, 6-8. (Hampstead
Heath ;* Barnes Common.*)

POTENTILLA REPTANS. — Pastures and waysides, common, 6-9. Everywhere
in the outskirts.*

POTENTILLA ANSERINA. — Roadsides and moist meadows, frequent. Road-
sides almost everywhere ; in the outskirts ;* canal banks, &c.*

POTENTILLA ARGENTEA. — Pastures and roadsides, in a gravelly soil, not
common, 6-7. Wimbledon Common* (scarce) ; Moulsey Hurst ; lane
between Betchworth Park and the mill ; near Godalming, and on
Barnacle Hill ; Stonechalk pit ; about Bromley ; Epping Forest ;* near
Harefield ; Croham Hurst, and gravelly fields about Croydon ; banks of
the reservoirs near Barnes ;* sandy lanes and fields near Farnham ;
Shirley ; Addington ; between Dartford and Greenhithe ; slopes near
Milden's Wood, Godalming ; Gallows Plain, and elsewhere about Hert-
ford ;* about Hatfield Park ; gravel pit on Cook's Hill, Little Berkhamp-
stead ; about the Thames, Teddington, &c. ; near Byfleet, road to Cobham ;
road from church, Cobham to Fairmead ; St. Martha's Hill, Guildford.

POTAMOGETON COMPRESSUS. — See P. PUSILLUS.

POTAMOGETON NATANS. — Ditches, and slow streams, and stagnant waters,
frequent, 6-7. In many of the large ponds about London ;* Putney
Heath ;* pond below Totteridge, coming from Mill Hill, in abundance, &c.*

POTAMOGETON POLYGONIFOLIUS. — Bogs and small streams, frequent, 7.
Putney Heath ;* in all the bogs on the Surrey heaths ;* Bell Bar bog ;
Ball's Wood ; ditches, Harrow Weald Common.

POTAMOGETON PRJELONGUS. — Rare. Ditch adjoining the Thames at
Caversham Bridge, near Reading.

POTAMOGETON RUFESCENS. — Ditches and slow streams, not frequent. In
a pond not far from the large one near Totteridge, referred to in P.
natans (and, perhaps, also in that) ; in the Colne, on Colney Heath ;
ditches by the Colne, between Harefield Mill and Rickmansworth ; in
the Lea, near Chingford.*

POTAMOGETON IIETEROPHYLLUS. — Pools and ditches, not frequent (?), 6-7.
In the Basingstoke canal, near Woking ;* lake in Epping Forest, near
Wanstead.

POTAMOGETON LUCENS. — Lakes and streams, frequent, 7. Thames, in
many places ; Lea Canal,* plentiful (about Tottenham) ; Greenwich and
Woolwich marshes (in the ditches).

POTAMOGETON PERFOLIATUS. — Ditches, rivers, and ponds, frequent, 7. In
the Thames, about Weybridge,* Twickenham,* and elsewhere ; Padding-
ton Canal ; Lea River and canal ;* in the Colne.

POTAMOGETON OBTUSIFOLIUS. — Rare. Twickenham ; circular pond oppo-
site Kensington Palace.

POTAMOGETON CRISPUS. — Ditches and rivers, frequent, 6-7. Pond by the

54 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Palace, Eltham ; Keston Common (in the pond) ; in the Lea and Canal,*

and in the canal at Greenford.
POTAMOGETON DENSUS.— Ditches, frequent, 6-7. Plentiful in the ditch

round the Palace grounds, Fulham.*
POTAMOGETON PUSILLUS. — Ditches and still waters, not unfrequent, 6-7.

Greenwich and Woolwich marshes, in the ditches there ;* river Cray ;

Thames, about Twickenham ; ditches about Staines ; Lea Canal ;* Tring

reservoir ; Cutmill ponds. (P. zosterifolius, a variety of the preceding.)
POTAMOGETON PECTINATUS. — Rivers and ponds, not unfrequent, 6-7.

Canal, Tottenham ;* river Cray ; pond near the Palace, Eltham ;

Thames, about Staines, and between Hampton and Kingston Bridge ;*

Ruislip reservoir ; Lea ; Roding ; Grand Junction Canal ; Serpentine.
POTAMOGETON ACUTIFOLIUS. — Rare. N.W. corner of Colney Heath, in the

Colne ; in a pool at London-Colney, E. side of the bridge.
POTAMOGETON PROTEUS. — See P. HETEROPHYLLUS.
POTAMOGETON GRAMINEUS. — See P. OBTUSIFOLIUS.

POTERIUM SANGUISORBA. — Dry, chalky pastures, common, 6-8. Every-
where on the chalk ; from the Hog's Back to the Medway ;* roads leading

from Croydon to Selsdon and Sanderstead ;* from Dartford to Darent

Wood ;* from Carshalton to Banstead ;* Tring ;* Herts, on the chalk.
PRIMULA VULGARIS. — -Woods, copses, and hedgebanks, frequent, 4-5.

(Coombe Wood, Wimbledon ;* copses about Harrow,* &c.)
PRIMULA VERIS. — Meadows and pastures, common, 4-5. (Plentiful about

Harrow,* Pinner,* Boreham Wood.*)
PRIMULA ELATIOR. — Damp woods, rare, 4-5. Epping Forest (?) olim. ;

about Coulsdon.
PRUNELLA VULGARIS. — Pastures, frequent, 7-8. (Hampstead Heath,* and

everywhere about London.*)
PRUNUS SPINOSA. — Woods and hedges, common, 4-5. Some bushes on

Hampstead Heath ;* everywhere in hedges in the environs ; segregate

domestica, near Croham Hurst ;* hedges between Betchworth and

Dorking ; about Reigate ; segregate insititia, in Epping Forest ; about

Warley and Brentwood ; about Reigate.
PRUNUS AVIUM. — Woods and hedges, rare, 5. Wood at Fyfield ; less

uncommon, in Herts ; Bentley Priory ; Harrow Grove ; Harefield ; about

Claygate and Oxshott ; Churlwood ; Redstone Hill.
PRUNUS CERASUS. — Woods and coppices, not very frequent, 5. Croham

Hurst ;* below Shooter's Hill, towards Eltham ; woods about Gatton ;

copses on Reigate Hill,* and hedgerows on Colley Farm, below it ;

Gatshall Copse, Godalming ; hedges, Harlow ; E. of Aldbury Nowers ;

near Miswell, Tring ; Harrow Weald Common ; about Claygate, and

between Hook and Chessington.
PRUNUS PADUS. — Woods and coppices, rare, 5. About Hampstead (?) olim ;

West Ham, between the Abbey and the London Road (?) olim ; hedges

about Shiere and Gomshall ; near Epping ; N.E. side of Hatfield Park.
PSAMMA ARENARIA. — Seashores, local, 7. Shoebury beach, abundant,
Pulmonaria officinalis. — Rare, incidental, 5-6. Wood between Croydon and

Godstone.
PYROLA MINOR.— Woods, rare, 6-7. Beech woods, at Tring; Aldbury

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 55

Nowers Wood ; near Crooksbury Hill, Farnham, abundant ; Old Thorns,
Seale, near Hampton Lodge (the same as preceding ?) ; wood near Brook
Street, between it and Bowles Green (H. C. Watson) ; in a small coppice
near Sunninghill station ; grove of old trees E. side of Stanmore Heath.

PYROLA MEDIA. — In similar situations, but very rare. Tring woods.

PYRUS TORMINALIS. — Woods and hedges ; and in plantations about London,
not very frequent, 5—6. Nutfield, near Redhill ; about Hampstead ;
woods, Felbridge ; between Chertsey and Virginia Water ; Epping
Forest ; Fyfield ; Hainault Forest ; Bayford Wood ; woods behind
Brickendonbury ; Verulam hills, St. Albans ; woods by Pinner Lane.

PYRUS ARIA. — Woods and hedges, and in plantations about London, not
unfrequent, 5-6. About Croydon ; Dorking ; old chalk-pits about
Dartford ; Marams Court Hill, near Sevenoaks ; woods and pits,
Harefield ; Redland Hill ; in thickets, Reigate, and on Buckland Hill ;
lane between Essendon, West-end, and the Lea ; Hatfield Park ; Stubbins'
Wood, and elsewhere, Tring. Var. pinnatifida ; wood, three miles from
Farnham ; Uxbridge Common.

PYRUS PINNATIFIDA. — Rare, in wild state. Darent Wood.

PYRUS AUCUPARIA. — Woods and hedges, rare ; in plantations, frequent,
5-6. Epping Forest ; Castle Wood ; Warley Common ; Hampstead and
Highgate woods ; Harrow ; Winchmore Hill Wood ; St. George's Hill ;
Redstone Hill and Wood ; Redland Hill, Holmwood ; and between
Dorking and Leith Hill.

PYRUS MALUS. — Woods and hedges, common, 5-6. (Several bushes on
Hampstead Heath.*)

PYRUS COMMUNIS. — Woods and hedges, rare, 4—5. Between Clayton and
Long Ditton (footpath through the fields) ; Coulsdon ; Harefield ; Box
Hill ; the Hog's Back ; Thames bank, near Erith* (one tree) ; Grays ;
Epping Forest ; St. Albans ; Broxbourne and Wormley woods.

QUERCUS ROBUR. — Woods, hedges and plantations, frequent, 4-5.
(Hampstead and Highgate.*)

RADIOLA MILLEGRANA. — Moist, gravelly, and boggy places, not unfre-
quent, 7-8. Wimbledon Common ; Coulsdon ; Keston Common ; Esher
Common ;* Epping Forest ; Reigate Heath ;* Wandsworth Common (?) ;
Colney Heath ; Gerard's Cross Common ;* Pirbright Heath ;* Bagshot
Heath.*

RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS, (aggregate). Rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches,
common ; many segregates, as follows : —

[RANUNCULUS CIRCINATUS. — In the Roding ; ditches, Moor Park, Farnham.

RANUNCULUS PELTATUS (pseudoflmtans). — In the Lea ;* ponds between
Wandsworth and Wimbledon. Var. floribundus near Sunningdale ;
Walthamstow ; in the Wey at Elstead.

RANUNCULUS TRICHOPHYLLUS. — Ponds, foot of Winter Hill, Berks.

(R. DIVERSIFOLIUS, R. DROUETTii, R. BAUDOTii. — Few records for these
segregates ; R. Drouettii, R. Baudotii, ditches, Plumstead.)

RANUNCULUS FLUITANS. — Deep and running water ; in the Thames and
Lea ;* in the Colne* records as a segregate insufficient.

56 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

RANUNCULUS INTERMEDIUS (tripartite). — Ditton Marsh, near entrance to

Hare Lane ;* and between Oxshott and Claremont Park.]
RANUNCULUS LENORMANDI. — Reservoir, Farnham Common ; Bagshot

Heath ; Woking Heath ; Broadmoor ; Esher.
RANUNCULUS HEDERACEUS. — Ditches and borders of pools, common.

(Putney Heath.*)
RANUNCULUS SCELERATUS. — Sides of ditches and pools, frequent, 5-9.

(Hampstead Heath ;* by the Lea ;* Wimbledon Common.*)
RANUNCULUS FLAMMULA. — Marshes and wet places, common, 5-9.

(Hampstead Heath ;* Putney Heath.*)
RANUNCULUS LINGUA. — Marshes, sides of ponds, &c., rare, 7-9. Totteridge

Green ;* Barnes Common (?) Wimbledon Common (?) olim ; (none there

now) ; ponds on Uxbridge Moor ; Langley pond between Cooper's End

and Thurrocks ; by the Strand, Cookhum, Berks. ; pond N.W. corner of

Thrift Wood, Stanstead.
RANUNCULUS AURICOMUS. — Woods and coppices and banks in shady lanes,

frequent, 4-5. Willesden ;* Neasdon ;* Harrow ;* Epping Forest ;*

Claygate ;* &c.
RANUNCULUS ACRIS. — Pastures, common, 6-7. Everywhere ; (waste

ground near the Brondesbury Station, plenty.*)
RANUNCULUS REPENS. — Pastures, common, 5—8. Everywhere in grass

patches by the roadsides, &c.*
RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS. — Meadows and pastures, frequent, 5-6. In every

meadow, (Brondesbury, &c.*).
RANUNCULUS HIRSUTUS. — Meadows and waste ground. Not frequent ; about

Croydon ; near Epping ; meadows near Hadleigh, in Canvey Island ; by

the side of a wood between Croydon and Mitcham ; Black water Lane,

near the Ford.
RANUNCULUS PARVIFLORUS. — Cornfields, rare, 5-8. Mitcham Common ;

Banstead Downs ; near Ewell. About Brockham Hill, in Elder

thickets ; foot of Box Hill ; about Coulsdon ; about Chelmsford ;

Chislehurst ; Harefield ; dry banks near Farnham ; between Waltham

and Epping ; with the preceding between Croydon and Mitcham ; several

places in the Lea districts ; frequent in Essendon parish, near the

church and roadside ; near Essendonbury ; bank S.E. corner of Colney

Heath ; cornfields, St. Albans.
RANUNCULUS ARVENSIS. — Cornfields, not frequent ; about Croydon ; Box

Hill ; Eltham ; Aldbury ;* cornfields, Warley.
RANUNCULUS FICARIA. — Pastures, woods, &c., common, 3-5. Everywhere

about London, especially on hedgebanks in cool damp places.*
RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM. — Cornfields, frequent, 5-10. In almost every

cornfield, more or less abundant.*
RESEDA LUTE A. — Banks and waste places, and fallow fields in the chalk

districts, common, 6-8. Everywhere on the chalk from the Hog's Back

to the Medway ; between Carshalton and Banstead ; Epsom ; Mickleham
and Leatherhead ;* Dartford ;* Greenhithe ;* roadsides from Dartford to
Darent Wood ; and from Croydon to Selsdon and Sanderstead ;* Tring ;*
Harefield ;* Tilbury ; Purfleet.*
RESEDA LUTEOLA. — Waste places elsewhere, as well as upon the chalk,

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 57

frequent, and more so on the chalk, 6-8. Abundant in chalk-pits,
Harefield ;* about Croydon ;* road from Carshalton to Sutton ;* by the
Paddington Canal near Willesden ; railway banks,* &c.

RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS. — Woods, hedges, and thickets, frequent, 5-6.
Hedges by the Thames near Moulsey Lock ;* by the Brent at Neasdon ;
hedges about Harefield ; hedges between Beaconsfield and Uxbridge ;
Iver Heath and Gerard's Cross ;* lanes between Plumstead and W.
Wickham ;* Epping Forest ; banks of the Roding ; of the Mole ; not
unfrequent on the Downs ;* Hog's Back ;* near Woodmanstone.

RHAMNUS FRANGULA. — Woods and thickets, especially in boggy situations,
frequent, 5-6. Putney Heath, near entrance to Roehampton Lane ;*
Reigate Heath ;* woods of Boar Hill and Leith Hill ;* bogs about Chisle-
hurst ; in the wood S. of the E. common, below ;* White Heath Wood,
near Harefield ; Epping Forest ; wood near Warley Common ; wood
near Compton ; forked pond, Witley Common.*

RHINANTHUS CRISTA-GALLI. — Meadows and pastures, frequent, 6-7.
Meadaws near Wimbledon Common, below the mill ;* meadows at
Pinner ;* Thames Ditton ;* Elstree ; Box Hill, below ; about Harrow ;
Lea marshes ; Warley and Brentwood.

RHYNCHOSPORA ALBA. — Bogs, chiefly on the heaths in S.W. Surrey, 6-8.
Bagshot Heath, abundant in several places ;* Elstead Common ;* borders
of Stotbridge pond ;* Whitemoor Common, in profusion ;* Pirbright
Heath ;* Chobham Common ;* Farnham Common, by Burnham Beeches ;*
Esher Common ; a patch at the foot of Oxshott Hill ;* Cow Moor ;
Bisley Common ;* swamp near Cobham, Surrey ; and peat bogs on
Farnham Common ; Windsor Park ; Waterdown Forest (bog).

RIBES NIGRUM. — Woods and river-sides, rare, 4-5. Meadow near the
Warren pond, Breakspeares, Harefield ; by the Mole, near the mill,
Esher ;* by the river Wey ; wet places about Godalmmg ; Warley
Common ; about the old castle grounds, Great Berkhampstead.

RIBES RUBRUM. — Woods and hedges, rare, 4-5. Coppices near Break-
speares, Harefield ; wood between Chislehurst and Bromley ; about
Coulsdon ; Leatherhead ; Box Hill ; bridge by the Mole ; Warley
Common ; banks of the Roding ; by the Mole at Esher ; copse opposite
Roxford ; near rectory, Hatfield ; in How Dell ; canal side, near Bowne
End ; Great Berkhampstead.

Ribes Grossularia. — Hedges and thickets, rare, 4-5. Road between
Chislehurst and Bromley (?) ; about Coulsdon ; Ongar ; High Laver.

ROSA SPINOSISSIMA. — Heaths, chiefly on sand and chalk, rare, 5-6. Barnes
Common ;* * Croham Hurst ; Riddlesdown, near Caterham Junction ;*
Waddon Marsh ; about Albury, on the Downs.

ROSA TOMENTOSA. — Hedges and thickets, not unfrequent, 6-7. About
London (?) olim ; Caen Wood (?) ; between Cobham and Cuxton ; Epping
Forest ; lane between Upminster and Gt. Warley ; frequent about Hert-
ford ; Hertford Heath ; Brickendon ; Bayford ; Little Berkhampstead ;
Cheshunt ; lane from Colney Heath to St. Albans ; woods S.W. of Tring ;
near Welwyn (S. B. Blow).

1 Several plants on a low bank, doubtless planted there originally.

58 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

ROSA MOLLISSIMA.— Charlton Wood (?) olim-, Roxeth (Mids.) ; about

Claygate; Fflanchford ; Reigate woods; hedges between Redstone Hill

and Nutfield; near the foot ofLeith Hill.
ROSA RUBIGINOSA.— Bushy places, and borders of woods m the chalk

districts, not very common, 6-7. Box Hill ; Ranmore Common ;* banks
" bordering Croham Hurst ; between Cobham and Cuxton ; Riddlesdown,

near Caterham Junction;* Holmwood Common; Burnham Beeches;

Hertford Heath; Cook's Hill, Little Berkhampstead ; Wood Lane,

Great Berkhampstead ; Stanmore Heath.

illiA>3 ,,. „, Corking chalk-pits , ----- _

hills E. of Merstham ; hills E. of Shoreham ;* and beyond Wrotham ;

Burnham Beeches ; Epping Forest ; Morant's Court Hill ; about ]

ford in hedges ; Gatton.
ROSA CANINA.— Hedges and bushy places, common, 5-6. Everywhere

in lanes and roadsides about London.*— N.B. Twenty-nine varieties

are enumerated in the seventh edition of the Catalogue ; to what extent

these may severally occur in the metropolitan districts, there are no

records to show; a variety with woolly styles grows in Burnham

Beeches.* See Baker, ' British Roses.'
ROSA STYLOSA.— Thickets and hedges, frequent, 6-7. Lane leading from

Child's Hill to Hendon ;* Broxbourne ;* and woods thereabouts.— N.B.

A good species with a distinctive characteristic ; though united to the

following by some botanists.
ROSA ARVENSIS.— Woods, hedges and thickets, common, 6-7.

Epping Forest ;* &c.
ROSA SYSTYLA.— See R. STYLOSA.

RUBUS ID^US.— Upland woods, not frequent, 6-7. Box Hill;* about
Mickleham; Merstham; Reigate Heath (?) ; Aldbury Nowers Wood;-
Bagshot Heath (N.W. corner) ;* Hatfield Forest ; Warley Common ;

Boreham Wood ; Keston Common.*

RUBTJS FRUTICOSUS (aggregate).1— Hedges and thickets; common, 7-8.
Many segregates ; recorded localities as follows : —

i The number of segregates exclusive of R. casius, amounts in the Catalogue of
1874 to forty, besides intermediate forms. There are six species, according to Hooker
and Arnott. No doubt they all run into each other, and it is impossible to draw fixed
lines of demarkation, so that they may be distinguished by unexceptionable and by

arrangement, according to the above-named

^. ^ge8, and boggy places ; low-lymg damp
situations by rivulets. For localities see note on the segregates
b Rubusfruticosus: thickets and hedges (the common form, with leaflets downy on

and commons (stems smooth and usually of a
eaths* ; plentiful by the Basingstoke. canal beyond

__

Epping; Wimbledon Common.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 59

[RUBUS SUBERECTUS. — Easney Park Wood ; boggy thickets ; foot of Leith
Hill ; and on Reigate Heath ; Wimbledon Common.

RUBUS PLICATUS. — Tring Heath (?) olim ; boggy thickets, Warley Com-
mon ; hollow S. of Chislehurst East Common. *

RUBUS AFFINIS. — Hagger Lane ; Epping Forest.

RUBUS LINDLEIANUS. — Barrack Wood, Warley ; Epping Forest ; near
Woodford, &c. (R. nitidus) ; dry, gravelly soil, Ball's Wood ; Dorking ;
Tring woods ; Essendon, &c.

RUBUS RHAMNIFOLIUS. — Wood near Hale End, Chingford ; Warley Com-
mon ; Wimbledon Common ; Bagshot ; Dorking ; Reigate ; Harrow
Weald Common.

RUBUS DISCOLOR. — See R. FRUTICOSUS (aggregate). Note.

RUBUS THYRSOIDEUS. — Hedges, Ditton ; Easney Park Wood.

RUBUS LEUCOSTACHYS. — About Hertford ; Cheshunt ; Tring ; N. Mimms ;
Rickmansworth ; St. Albans ; Harrow Weald Common ; Esher ; Dorking ;
Hale End ; Epping Forest ; and on the chalk range.

RUBUS CARPINIFOLUS. — See aggregates, also Mil ward's Park Wood ; Prae
Wood, St. Albans ; ravine between Boar Hill and Leith Hill ; Hale End
and Snaresbrook ; Epping Forest ; Hertford Heath ; woods north of
Pinner ; Hampton ; E. Barnes. Leaves not Hornbeam-like.

RUBUS VILLICAULIS. — Willesden Lane ; Broxbourne woods ; about Clay-
gate ; St. Anne's Hill, Chertsey ; Harrow Weald Common ; ravine
between Boar Hill and Leith Hill.

RUBUS MACROPHYLLUS. — Wimbledon Common ; Clay gate ; wet copse near
Littleton Bridge, Reigate ; near Red Hill railway station. Var.
Schlechtendalii : E. Barnet ; N. Mimins ; Prae Wood, St. Albans ; woods
by Pinner Lane.

RUBUS HYSTRIX. — Woods by Pinner Lane ; Prae Wood, St. Albans ; Brox-
bourne woods.

RUBUS ROSACEUS. — Copses near Panshanger and Essenden Glebe woods,
Herts. ; (? cordifolius) Wimbledon Common.

RUBUS RUDIS. — Woods N.W. of Hertford, and wood on the road to Her-
tingfordbury ; Cheshunt ; Tring ; Wimbledon ; near Rickmansworth ;
Bell Bar woods ; woods by Pinner Lane ; Prse Wood, St. Albans ; Mimms
Park Wood (margins of copses in stiff soil).

RUBUS RADULA. — Woods. Pinner Lane ; Egham ; Prse Wood, and Sand-pit
Lane, St. Albans ; Thieves Lane, Hertford ; woods at Little Berkhamp-
stead and Bayford ; Pinner (sandy gravelly soil).

RUBUS FUSCO-ATER (and FUSCUS). — Panshanger Plain ; between Bayford
Wood and Little Berkhampstead ; woods by Pinner Lane ; Broxbourne
woods ; Acton.

RUBUS GUNTHERI. — Heathy woods, rare. Wimbledon Common ; near E.
Barnet ; Pinner ; Tring ; Prae Wood ; Mimms Park Wood.

RUBUS GLANDULOSUS. — See aggregate ; var. hirtus, near Wimbledon.

e. Eubus glandulosus : woods and hedges generally in upland districts (stems both
hairy and setaceous). The more usual variety met with in the chalk districts and
in woods; *Warley Common; *Coulsdon; *thickets on the Downs; *Hertford
Heath ; * Wimbledon Common.

/. Rubus rhamnifolius : between suberectus and fruticosus. See Segregates.

60 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

RTJBUS CORYLIFOLIUS. — See aggregate ; also at Bell Bar ; Rickmansworth ;
Milwards Park Wood ; Gatton ; Norbury Park, Headley Lane ; Leyton ;
Southend, &c.

RUBUS TUBERCULATUS. — Harrow ; Willesden.

RUBUS ALTILEIFOLUS. — Harrow ; Pinner.

RUBUS KCELERI. — Woods S. of Hertford ; Hoddesdon ; Broxbourne and
Wormley woods ; Gatton ; Norbury Park ; Headley Lane ; about Wal-
thamstow (woods in a barren soil, especially on wet clay). Var. pallidus,
Wimbledon Common ; Epping Forest.]

N.B. A French botanist (Genevier, ' Brambles of the Loire,') declares that
there are " two hundred distinct species of Brambles. Evidently any
number may be made, at the option of the individual botanist ; say from
five to fifty " (Cybele).

RUBUS C^ESIUS. — Hedges and damp places, ditches, &c., common, 6-7.
(Lanes about Tottenham ;* Hendon.*)

RUMEX CONGLOMERATUS. — Watery places, not uncommon, 6-8. (River-
side between Hammersmith and Kew.*)

RUMEX PALUSTRIS. — Marshy places, rare. Plaistow ; Purfleet ; Wanstead
Park.

RUMEX NEMOROSUS, var. sanguineus. — Shady woods and pastures, rare,
7. Bishop's Wood, Hampstead ; var. sanguinea, Pinner Wood.

RUMEX PULCHER. — Pastures and waysides, not very frequent, 6-8. Road-
side between Hampton and Hampton Court (?) olim ; High Ongar ;
Wanstead; Purfleet.

RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS. — Waste places and waysides, common, 6-7. Every-
where in the environs.* Var. sylvestris, Ware.

RUMEX CRISPUS. — Waysides, and near houses, also in pastures, frequent.

With the preceding everywhere in the environs.*

• RUMEX AQUATICUS. — Moist places, rare, 7-8. Confounded with R. crispus,
or with the following (Cybele).

RUMEX HYDROLAPATHUM. — Ditches and riversides, not uncommon, 7-8.
Barnes Common ;* banks of the Thames ;* of the Lea Canal and ad-
joining ditches ;* of the Colne ;* of the Roding ;* &c.

RUMEX MAXIMUS. — A variety of the above, rare. In Herts.

RUMEX MARITIMUS. — Seashores, local. Purfleet.

RUMEX ACETOSA. — Meadows and pastures, common, 5-7. Meadows by
the Lea ;* everywhere ;* few meadows free from it.

RUMEX ACETOSELLA. — Dry pastures, banks, and roadsides, frequent, 5-7.
Plentiful on Hampstead Heath ;* Barnes Common ; &c.*

RUPPIA ROSTELLATA. — Salt-water ditches, local, 8-9. At Southend, E.
of the town, ditches on the flats.* In a ditch near the railway station
at Cuxton, coming from Cobham.*

RusGUS ACULEATUS. — Bushy and heathy places, and in woods, not common,
3-4. Claygate, near Ditton ; about Coulsdon ; Box Hill ;* Abbey Wood ;
Darent Wood ;* Epping Forest ; Harefield ; Warley Common ; Farnham
Common, beyond the park ; Hainault Forest ; Holmwood Common ;
woods about Godalming ; Cockshott Hill, Reigate, S.E. of mill ; Bayford ;
Westhumble Lane, Dorking ; plentiful. Ashdown Copse, Ranmore
Common ; Essendon ; hedge in Wormley Wood ; wood near Northaw.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 61

SAGINA APETALA. Dry gravelly places, and on walls, common, 5-9.
(Hampstead, and Hampstead Heath.*)

SAGINA CILIATA. — In similar situations, and on commons, (frequent in
Surrey ; or else often mistaken for the preceding, of which it may be
merely a modification). Tilbury ; Harrow Weald Common ; about
Weybridge ; Albury ; Witley Common ^ west of Woking station.

SAGINA PROCUMBENS. — Waste places and dry pastures, common, 5-9.
(Hampstead Heath.*)

SAGINA SUBULATA. — Dry, gravelly, and stony pastures, not uncommon,
6-8.

SAGINA NODOSA. — Wet, sandy places, not very frequent, 7-8. By the
canal between Harefield and Oxbridge ;* by the lake in Hatfield Forest ;*
Uxbridge Moor ; banks of canal near Woking station, and near Pirbright ;
about Shiere and Albury ; Hammer Ponds and on Witley Common ;
between upper and lower Cutmill ponds ; slopes of Box Hill ; near
Wandsworth Pier, in 1855 ; near Hoddesdon ; Cookham Down.

SAGITTARIA SAGITTIFOLIA. — Ditches and margins of rivers, frequent, 7-9.
(Ditches by the Lea Canal, and by the Lea ;* in the Roding ;* Padding-
ton Canal ;* Thames ;* Colne ;* &c.)

SALICORNIA HERBACEA. — Riversides, by the Thames below Greenwich,
local, abundant. At Purfleet ;* Canvey Island ;* Rochester.*

SALIX PENTANDRA. — Banks of rivers, and in watery places, rare, 5—6.
Near the brick kiln, Harefield ; in an enclosure on Esher Common, near
the farms on the road across it to Oxshott Hill ; Coombe Wood, Wim-
bledon ; about Fulham, olim ; by the Lea near Whitwell ; hedge by
roadside near King's Langley.

SALIX FRAGILIS. — Banks of rivers, marshy woods, and osier grounds,
common, 4—5. Abundantly by the Thames between Putney and Kew ;*
by the Lea.*

SALIX RUSSELLIANA. — Variety of S. fragilis, in similar situations.

SALIX VIRIDIS. — Ambiguity. Variety of 8. fragilis (?) ; vide i Botanical
Gazette,' iii. p. 60.

SALIX ALBA. — In similar situations, common. Plentiful near Mortlake
and Kew :* and in the Lea meadows.*

(6, c, cccrulea and vitellina, varieties ; c, in hedges, Hounslow Road, Twick-
enham ; and by the Thames between Twickenham and Richmond ;
Mangrove Lane, Hertford, in a hedge.)

SALIX UNDULATA. — In similar situations, rare, 4—5. By the Thames about
Richmond ; by the Lea near Higham Hall.

SALIX TRIANDRA. — In similar situations, not uncommon, 4-6. By the
Thames between Putney and Mortlake ;* Mole at Brockham ;* Thames
between Richmond and Hampton Court;* ditches by the Lea ;* and by
the railroad between Tottenham and Broxbourne.*

(c, amygdalina : variety of the preceding, and in similar situations. By
the Brent between Greenford and Peri vale ; foot of Box Hill ; by the Mole,
Woodford.)

SALIX PURPUREA. — Marshes and riversides, not very frequent, 4-5.
Thames about Twickenham ; by the Gran, near Isleworth ;* and at
Hospital Bridge ;* Wargrave. Var. Lambertiana, banks of the Lea, at

62 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Stanstead ; Great Berkhampstead Castle moat ; Elstree ; Rickmansworth ;

Colne, near Colney Street.
(6, Woolgariana, by the Thames at Kingston.)
SALIX RUBRA. — In similar situations, rare, 4-5. By the Queen's River,

Hampton ; Thames opposite Ditton ; meadows below the hills on the

Mole at Esher ; Thames between Kew and Richmond ; by the Lea (?

var. Helix}.
(6, Forbyana, near Brockham ; and about Betchworth ; by the Lea, near

Higham Hill.)

(c. Helix, ambiguity : var. of the above.)
SALIX VIMINALIS. — In similar situations, common, 4-5. Thames side,

abundant ;* Roding ;* Lea ;* &c.
SALIX STIPULARIS, ambiguity. — (Var. of the preceding?) Lea Bridge

Road ; banks of the Lea under Higham Hill.
SALIX SMITHIANA. — Meadows and osier grounds, rare. Copse at Pinner

Park, near the Lea Bridge Road ; and in a footpath from Marsh Street

to Lea Bridge, aad near Higham Hill ; Warley.
SALIX ACUMINATA. — In similar situations, rare (?). Localities for this and

the preceding not separable (' Cybele,' Comp.).
SALIX CINEREA. — Wet hedgerows, swampy places, river banks, and

moist woods, common, 3-4. (Putney Heath, in the hollow towards

Richmond Park ;* woods at Chislehurst.*)
SALIX AURITA. — Moist woods and thickets, common, 4-5. (Putney Heath ;

Epping Forest.*)
SALIX CAPREA. — Woods and roadsides, common, 4-5. Highgate Wood ;*

Epping Forest ;* Wimbledon Common.*
SALIX NIGRICANS. — Fens, osier grounds, and sides of streams, rare. By

the Mole at the foot of Box Hill ( ?).
SALIX REPENS. — Heaths and moors, common, 4-5. A variable plant.

Hampstead Heath ;* Barnes ;* Putney and Wimbledon commons.*

Variety fusca, Stanmore Heath ;* and in Epping Forest ;* and Harrow

Weald Common.* — N.B. " The study of this genus has been made

difficult and unattractive, by excessive subdivisions, and consequent

uncertainties " (' Cybele Britannica ').

SALSOLA KALI. — Seashores, local, 7. Between Leigh and Southend.*
SALVIA VERBENACA. — Dry pastures in a chalky or gravelly soil, not

common, 5-8. Between Greenhithe and Northfleet, by the roadside ;*

roadside near Greenstreet Green ;* roadsides near Guildford ; between

Erith and Plumstead ; about Cobham ; by the Thames occasionally ; by

the towing path above Richmond ;* Purfleet ; Southend.*
SALVIA PRATENSIS. — Dry meadows, &c., very rare ; in Kent, formerly in

Cobham Park ; in enclosed ground near Wrotham (Mr. Hanbury).
SAMBUCUS NIGRA. — Woods and coppices, common, 6. Shady shades in

the environs, frequent, copses, &c. Hendon ;* Epping Forest ;* about

Chingford ;* in most hedges.*
SAMBUCUS EBULUS. — Waysides, and waste places generally in damp

localities, not very frequent, 7-8. Epping Forest; lane between

Sewardstone and Waltham Abbey; Uxbridge Moor, abundant; between

E. and W. Tilbury ; meadow at Breakspeares, Harefield ; in a hedge

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 63

near the Roding, going from Chigwell to Loughton ;* about Ewell ; at
Ratley by the roadside (six miles from Barnet ; is this Radlett ?) ; Upper
Lea Valley between Aston and Shephall, plentiful ; Gatton Park below
the engine pond ; in a field left, ascending the hill from Croydon to
Beulah Spa.

SAMOLUS VALERANDI. — Marshy and watery places, not uncommon, 6—9.
Ditch-sides in the marshes below Woolwich ;* Erith ;* and Greenhithe ;
marshy meadows behind N. Cray ; Warley Common ; watercourses,
Hurtmore Common ; Plaistow ; Southend.

SANGUISORBA OFFICINALIS, — Low moist meadows, on a chalky soil, rare,
6-8. About Croydon ; road from Dartford Heath to Greenstreet Green ;
pastures, Whitechurch and Stanmore (?) ; Sonning Meadow.

SANICULA EUROP^EA. — Woods and thickets, frequent. Epping Forest
abundant ;* Hadley Common Wood.*

Saponaria offidnalis. — Roadsides, margins of woods, and hedgebanks,
especially near cottages, rare, 7-8. Roadside between Luckfield Street
and Ffrenches, Reigate ; near Down Mill ; between Cobham and Feltham ;
bank in a lane E. of Reigate ; about Abinger ; Box Hill ; beyond Dartford
Heath and about Dartford ; lane near Uxbridge Church ; lane near
Shorne ;* hedge near Roxford Farm, Hertingfordbury ; Stapleford by
footpath to Mill End ; Theobalds Lane, Cheshunt ; S. side of St. Martha's
Hill between Chilworth House and farm ; wood at Purfleet ; about
Essendon ; near Shiere.

SAROTHAMNUS SCOPARIUS. — Dry hills, and bushy places, common, 5-6.
(Hampstead Heath ;* Barnes Common ;* railway banks between Kew
and Acton ; abundant.*)

IAXIFRAGA GRANULATA. — Hedgebanks, pastures, and meadows, in a
gravelly soil, not uncommon, 5-6. About Croydon ; roadside to Adding-
ton ;* about a pond further on, foot of the common ;* St. Catherine's
Hill, Guildford ; hedgebank near W. Wickham ; wood near Dartford,
and by the roadside near Greenstreet Green. ;* meadows at Harefield ;
Rickmansworth, plentiful ; and near Watford ; in the park, Wimbledon (?)
olim ; about Swanscombe ; Chislehurst ; Shiere, abundantly ; banks
near Farley House ; roadside near Ringley Oak Gate, Reigate ; lane W.
of Reigate Park ; sandy lanes Seal, near Farnham ; Southend (plenty) ;
Waddon Marsh ; Mead Lane, Hertford, and meadows between Hertford
and Ware ; road from Hatfield Union to Stanstead, particularly between
West End and Hatfield Park.

SAXIFRAGA TRIDACTYLITES. — Walls, and dry barren ground, common, 4-7.
Frequent on walls in thejsuburbs ; (road from Hammersmith to Fulham ;*
Brentford towards Hounslow ;* &c.).

5CABIOSA. SUCCISA. — Moors, damp meadows, and pastures, common, 7-10.

(Plentiful on Hampstead Heath, about the bog.*)

5CABIOSA COLUMBARIA. — Pastures and waste places, on a chalky soil,
frequent, 7-8. Of general occurrence on banks, &c., from the Hog's
Back to Cuxton ;* slopes about Caterham Junction ;* Banstead Downs ;*
road from Carshalton to Banstead, in a pasture left, in extraordinary
abundance ;* banks bordering Tring woods ;* Dartford ;* Greenhithi
and Purfleet ; about Hertford.

64 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

SCABIOSA ARVENSIS.— Pastures and cornfields, more general in the chalk
districts, frequent, 6-8. Frequent on banks and borders of cornfields
from the Hog's Back to Cuxton ;* road, from Carshalton to Banstead ;*
banks of the Thames above Teddington Lock ;* between Cobham and
Cuxton ;* roadsides among the Essex cornfields ;* between Croydon and
Sanderstead ;* about Dartford, Greenhithe, and Northfleet.*
SCANDIX PECTEN-VENERIS. — Cornfields, chiefly on the chalk, not un-
common, 6-9. About Croydon ;* Carshalton ;* Box Hill ; Coulsdon ;*
Greenhithe ;* Dartford ; Northfleet ; Gravesend * (towards Cobham) ;
frequent in Herts.

SCHCENUS NIGRICANS.— Bogs on moors, rare, 6-7. Bagshot Heath, left ot the
road from Chobham, abundant;* nowhere else nearer than Barkway
Moor on the borders of Cambridgeshire ; fens of Tilbury Fort (ohm,
none there now ?), also in a bog, olim, two miles beyond Merstham near
Redhill station (Cooper) ?

SCILLA NUTANS.— Woods and coppices, common, 4-6. (Epping t
between Woodford and Walthamstow, abundant ;* in small quantity on
Hampstead Heath.*)

SCILLA AUTUMNALIS.— Gravelly pastures by the Thames, local, 8-9. Moul
sey Hurst, opposite Hampton Church, in profusion;* Kew Green;
meadows above Richmond ; near Ham and Ditton ; Blackheath, scarce
now probably, the heath being so much trodden upon ; Shorne Warren,
abundantly ; between Lee and Eltham (? oliiri).
SCIRPUS LACUSTRIS. — Margins of ponds and rivers, common, 7-8. (Thames

shore opposite Hammersmith.*)

SCIRPUS CARINATUS.— Thames shore between Putney and Hammersmith,
rare local, 7-8.— N.B. A mere variety of the above, in the opinion of
Mr. 'Bentham ; perhaps a hybrid between the common and the maritime
species, which at this point come into contact with each other.
SCIRPUS ACICULARIS.— Sandy places on the borders of ponds, not very
common, perhaps often overlooked, 7-8. Borders of a pond on West-end
Common, Esher ;* ponds on Puttenham Common ;* margins of a pond on
Milford Green, near Chobham, abundant ;* pond near Wanstead in Eppmg
Forest ; Bullmarsh Heath, Berks ; Elstree reservoir ; Earlswood Common.
SCIRPUS PALUSTRIS.— Wet marshy places, and sides of ponds and ditches,
common, 6-7. (In a pond below Hampstead Heath, right of lane leading
to Fortune Green ;* ponds on Putney Heath.*)

SCIRPUS MULTICAULIS.— In similar situations; less frequent; perhaps
often passed over for the preceding species, 7. Reigate Heath ;
Earlswood Common; Esher Common, between Claremont Park and
Oxshott Hill;* Bell Bar bog, Herts; boggy places by the canal,
Woking;* Pirbright Common;* Bagshot Heath, by the road
Chertsey, direct ;* (in a pond right) Epping Forest, lake at Wanstead.;
Keston Common ; Totteridge ; bog near Hatfield ; Bell Bar bog.
SCIRPUS C^ESPITOSUS. — Moors and wet heaths, frequent, 6-7. (VV imbledon

Common ;* Esher Common.*)

SCIRPUS PAUCIFLORUS.— Boggy places ; rare, 7-8. Cheshunt (JN. JJ. (*.) ;
bog in Epping Forest, between Wanstead and Walthamstow (?) ; u
Bar bog ; Colney Heath.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 65

SCIRPUS SETACEUS. — Marshes, &c., common. (Hampstead Heath.*)

SCIRPUS FLUITAISS. — Ditches and shallow ponds, common, 7-8. (Putney
Heath ;* Esher Common.*)

SCIRPUS SYLVATICUS. — Moist woods and river-banks, frequent, 7. Plenti-
ful in the Brent below Totteridge ;* also at Neasdon ;* in the
Roding.*

SCIRPUS MARITIMUS. — Muddy banks of the Thames, within full tidal
influence, common, 7. Abundant below Greenwich, on both sides of
the river ;* also extending above London, to near Hammersmith
Bridge.*

SCIRPUS TRIQUETER. — In similar situations, very rare ; perhaps extinct (?).
About Putney, formerly ; marshes between Greenwich and Woolwich (?).

SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS. — Cornfields, frequent, 7-8. Pinner ; Harefield ;
Harrow Weald Common ; between Teddington station and Bushy
Park ; Barnes Common ;* Wimbledon Common ; N. Mimms, Herts ;
more frequent in cornfields on the downs ; cornfields near the Merrow
Downs, abundantly ;* cornfields beyond Weybridge, towards Chobham,
plentiful.*

SCLERANTHUS PERENNIS. — Dry sandy fields ; rare, 6-8. Banstead Downs ;
between Compton and Guildford.

SCLEROCHLOA DISTANS. — Salt-marshes ; rare, 7. Rainham ; Purfleet ;*
Tilbury.

SCLEROCHLOA MARITIMA. — Salt-marshes, common, 7. Abundant about
Northfleet ;* Erith,* &c. ; Cuxton.*

SCLEROCHLOA PROCUMBENS. — Salt-marshes, not common, 6-7. Purfleet ;
Tilbury.

SCLEROCHLOA RIGIDA. — Walls and barren stony places in the chalk
districts, 6-7. Banks about Greenhithe ;* Northfleet* (also on walls
here) ;* in a field bordering Riddlesdown, near the chalk-pit in great
abundance ;* of frequent occurrence on banks in the chalk range
between Dorking and Cuxton ;* Purfleet.

SCLEROCHLOA LOLIACEA. — Sandy sea-shores, 6-7. Marshes near Waltham-
stow (?) ; about Woolwich (?) ; Southend ; perhaps, but not re-
corded.

SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA. — Banks of rivers and canals ; common, 7-8.
(Plentiful by the Lea * and canal ;* by the Thames.*)

SCUTELLARIA MINOR. — Moist places on heaths, frequent, 7-10. Hamp-
stead Heath, by the pond ; Putney Heath, near entrance to Roehampton
Lane ;* bogs about Chislehurst ;* Keston Common ;* Gerard's Cross
'Common, abundant;* also by the roadside here, coming from Iver
Heath ; bog on Farnham Common, near Burnham Benches ;* bogs,
foot of Leith Hill ;* boggy places on the Surrey commons, Pirbright ;*
Esher ;* Bagshot Heath ;* banks of the Basingstoke Canal ; Colnev
Heath ; Bell Bar bog ; Harrow Weald Common.

SCROPHULARIA AQUATICA. — See S. BALBISII.

SCROPHULARIA BALBISII. — Sides of rivers and wet places ; frequent, 6-9.

(Plentiful by the Lea and canal, and in the ditches which border the

canal.*)
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. — Woods and damp places, 6-8. Common ; (fre-

Jb1

66 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

quent in ditches about Hendon ;* Neasdon ;* Kingsbury ;* Willesden ;*
£c-.)

Scrophularia vernalis. — Waste places and roadsides ; rare, 4-6. Between
Merton and Mitcham (?) olim ; Chislehurst ; hedges in N. Essex, near
Deoden ; also to the E. and S. of Saffron Walden ; in Hatfield Park,
close to the N. front of the house ; hedge by the towing-path, near
gasworks, Hertford ?

SEDUM TELEPHIUM. — Bushy places and borders of fields ; also in woods,
not common, 7-8. Sandy lane near Frensham Common ;* woods S.W.
of Tring ;* Coombe Wood, Wimbledon Common ; near Luxboro' House,
Chigwell ; Caen Wood, Hampstead ; Croham Hurst, Croydon ; Charlton
Wood ; Chigwell ; . Epping ; Frith Hill, Godalming ; Cockshott Hill,
near Reigate, especially in furze field S.E. of mill ; about Albury ; bank
opposite High Rocks ; hedges about St. Albans ; about Hertford,
Bay ford, Essendon, and Hatfield ; also Watford and Rickmansworth,
Harefield ; N. Mimms wood ; about Guildford.

SEDUM ALBUM. — Walls, rocks and roofs of houses, not unfrequent ; walls
of West Ham Abbey (?) ; old walls about Plaistow and Barking (?) ;
Twickenham ; between Brentford and Isleworth ;* (wall, Sion House
grounds).

Sedum reflexum. — Incidentally near habitations ; not frequent, 6-7. Road-
side, Pinner, near a cottage ;* Hertford, on the castle, plentiful ; also
in Fore Street and Castle Street; Hatfield Woodside ; Hoddesdon ;
Great Berkhampstead, in Water Lane ; Rickmansworth.

SEDUM ACRE. — Walls and sandy ground, common, 6-7. Frequent on walls
in the suburbs ; banks of the Thames, above Moulsey ;* Banstead
Downs, near Sutton.*

Sedum dasyphyllum. — Incidentally on walls about London ; rare, 6-7.

Sedum sexangulare. — Incidentally on old walls ; very rare, 7. Greenwich
Park walls ; old walls at Northfleet.

Sempervivum tectorum. — Cottage roofs and plants, occasionally ; planted, 7.

SENEBIERA CORONOPUS. — Waste places and roadsides, common, 6-8.
Frequent in the suburban districts, Edgware Road, e.g. beyond
Brondesbury station.*

SENEBIERA DIDYMA. — Roadsides and waste places ; not frequent, 7-9.
Lane leading from the Devil's Punchbowl, Dorking, to the Holmwood,
abundantly ; in a field near Epping ; near Chobham ; Parson's Green ;
Kew Green ; lane between Southgate and Colney Hatch.

SENECIO VULGARIS. — Roadsides and waste places, gardens, common, 1-12.
Every where.*

SENECIO SYLVATICUS. — Dry upland soils, banks and gravelly pastures ;
frequent, 7-9. (Hampstead Heath ;* Barnes Common.)

SENECIO viscosus. — Waste ground on chalky or gravelly soil, not
common, 7-8. Streatham Common (?) olim ; Bexley Heath ; old chalk-
pits about Dartford ; near Kensington railway station, incidentally
lately ; Symes farm, near Epping ; glebe land, at Lee.

SENECIO ERUCIFOLIUS. — Hedges and roadsides, and in waste fields in a
chalky or gravelly soil ; frequent, 7-8. Banstead Downs ;* Box Hill.*

SENECIO TENUIFOLIUS. — See S. ERUCIFOLIUS.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 67

SENECIO JACOB^A. — Waysides and on coarse pastures, common, 7-9.
(Hampstead Heath ; abundant.* )

SENECIO AQUATICUS. — Wet places and by the sides of rivers and ditches ;
frequent, 7-8. Ditches in the marshes below Woolwich.*

SENECIO CAMPESTRIS. — High chalky downs ; rare, 6. Downs by Aldbury
Nowers Wood ;* S. side of the Hog's Back, near New Inn.

SERRATULA TINCTORIA. — Thickets and roadsides, in woodland places ;
not uncommon, 8. Putney Heath ;* Hampstead Heath* (among the
fern) Bagshot Heath, borders ;* roadside from Weybridge to Chobham
Common ;* Burnham Beeches ;* Ball's Wood ;* Epping Forest, scarce ;
(rare in Essex) ; hedges near Crawley ; pasture behind Swan Inn, Bell
bar ; Berry Wood, Aldenham ; at Northaw, by the roadside ; between
Leggatts and the Ridgeway to Tolmers ; Brickendon Wood.

SETARIA VIRIDIS. — Cornfields, and about mills, &c. ; rare, 7-8. Bexley
Heath* (E. de C.) ; railroad station, Springfield* (E. de C.) ; about
Weybridge ; gasworks, Hertford ; Watford ; cornfields below Buckland
Hill ; about Puttenham ; Brook Farm, near Albury ; near Guildford.

SHERARDIA ARVENSIS. — Cornfields and pastures in a light gravelly soil ;
frequent, 4-10. About Croydon ;* fields between Sutton, Carshalton,
and Banstead Downs ;* between Leatherhead and Epsom Downs ;*
cornfields above and below the downs, in many places between Guildford
and Wrotham ;* also about Dartford ;* Harefield ;* (more frequent
apparently on chalk grit, or on gravel over chalk than in alluvial soil,
or on gravel over clay.)

SILAUS PRATENSIS. — Pastures and meadows ; frequent, 6-9. (Plentiful
about Wood Green ;* Hendon ;* and banks of the Paddington Canal.)

SILENE INFLATA. — Pastures and roadsides ; frequent, 6-8. More general
in the chalk districts ; about Croydon ;* roadside between Carshalton,
Sutton and the Banstead Downs ;* Mickleham, Dorking chalk-pit ;*
of frequent occurrence on banks and in fields along the base of the
downs ;* about Dartford ; and on the road thence to Darent Wood.*

SILENE ANGLICA. — Sandy and gravelly fields, 6-11, not common. Tele-
graph Hill, near Ditton ;* about Dorking ; Weybridge &c. ; Duppa's
Hill, Croydon ; Coombe Wood, cornfields near ; Albury ; fields W. of
Woking, and between Woking and Whitemoor Common ; about Fren-
sham ; near Wellington College ; field right of lane leading from
Reigate Heath to Wonham ; Dorking ; fields about Witley Common ;
between Hertford and Welwyn.

Silene italica. — Rare, local, 6-7. Darent Wood, and roadside near.

SILENE NOCTIFLORA. — Rare ; cornfields in a sandy soil, 7-8. About
Broomfield ; Hoddesdon.

SILENE MARITIMA. — Local. Southend.

Silyhurn Marianum. — Banks and waste places ; rare, 7. Roadside, in a
hedge near Greenstreet Green, coming from Dartford ;* by the
Thames, near Erith ;* Purfleet ; Brentwood ; Fyfield ; road from
Hertford to Ware ; field between Ball's Wood and Gallows Plain.

SINAPIS ARVENSIS. — Cornfields, common, 6-7. In almost every cornfield.

SINAPIS ALBA. — Waste places, not unfrequent, 6-7. About Epping, and
in cornfields on the Hog's Back.*

F 2

68 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

SINAPIS NIGRA. — By hedges and in waste places, 6-9, not very frequent.
Plentiful on the clay bank, between Leigh and Southend, by the
Thames.*

Sisox AMOMUM. — By hedges and roadsides ; frequent, 8-9. Abundant
about Brondesbury ;* Harlesden and Willesden ;* between Dorking
and Ranmore Common ; of constant occurrence, and in every description
of locality.*

SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE. — Waste places, common, 6-7. Everywhere in
the outskirts.*

SISYMBRIUM IRIO. — Waste places about London ; rare, 7-8. Near the
gasworks, Hertford.

SISYMBRIUM SOPHIA. — Waste places, among rubbish ; rare, 6-8. Box
Hill (?) ; about Erith ; Northfleet ; Harefield ; near Weybridge ;
Grays Thurrock ; Purfleet ; Tilbury; between Stanstead and Ware,
and road to Ware Park ; gravel pit by road to Wotton, Herts.

SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA. — Hedgebanks and waste places ; common, 5-6.
Roadside hedges everywhere in the environs. (Tottenham ;* Neasdon ;*
&c.)

SIUM LATIFOLIUM. — Riversides, ditches and watery places ; rare, 7-8.
Thames, near the reservoirs, Barnes, one large root ; near Weybridge, a
plant or two ;* ditch between Ditton, and Ditton Green ; by the Roding ;
in the river, by St. Mary Cray ; marshes below Woolwich ; river at
Harefield (?) ; about Northfleet ; Merstham pools, between Rotherhithe-
and Deptford ; Sonning. Berks ; ponds at Wargrave, and foot of Winter
Hill, Berks ; Thames, Middlesex side between Twickenham and Richmond.

SlUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. — Ditches and slow streams, not unfrequent, 7-8.
In the Colne, between Rickmansworth and Uxbridge, and in - ditches
by the towing-path ;* in the Cran at Babe Bridge ;* ditches in the
Lea meadows ;* canal at Greenford.

SMILACINA BIFOLIA. — Rare, 5-6. Caen Wood, Highgate.

SMYRNIUM OLUSATRUM. — Waste ground, generally near the sea ; rare,
4-6. Dorking chalk-pit ; road from Mickleham to Dorking ; near
Dartford ; Stone chalk-pit ;* Greenhithe chalk-pit, scarce ;* North-
fleet chalk-pits, plentiful ;* about Gravesend ; between Uxbridge and
W. Drayton (?) ; about Rochester ; Purfleet ; Tilbury.

SOLAXUM NIGRUM. — Waste places, also on cultivated land, common, 6-11.
Everywhere in the environs. (Hampstead Heath, near ;* waste ground
about Brondesbury ; about West-end, Hampstead ;* fields, Putney,
Fulham, Tottenham &c.*)

SOLANUM DULCAMARA. — Hedges and thickets ; common in cultivated
districts, 6-8. (Hedges about Hendon ;* Kingsbury ;* Tottenham ;*
Woodford;* &c.)

SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA. — Woods and thickets, common, but rare on the
chalk, 7-9. Hampstead Heath, among the Fern ;* on all the Surrey
heaths ;* roadside from Weybridge to Chobham Common ;* Bucks,
heaths ;* Epping Forest ;* Leith Hill ;* Holmwood Common ;* Chisle-
hurst Common;* woods at Warley ; Keston Common; Ball's and
Bayford woods ; Broxbourne and Wormley woods ; Harefield and
Pinner woods ; Oxhey Wood.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 69

SONCHUS ARVENSIS. — Cornfields and by river-banks ; frequent, 8-9. In
almost every cornfield ; (cornfields at Willesden ;* by the rivulet,
Wimbledon Common.*)

SONCHUS OLERACEUS. — Both on waste and on cultivated ground, common,
6-8. Everywhere in the suburbs.

SONCHUS ASPER. — In similar situations, and as common, 6-8. Everywhere,
and with the preceding.

SONCHUS PALUSTRIS. — Ditches by the Thames, formerly, very rare ; now
probably extinct. (May be sought for in the neighbourhood of Barking ;
Rainham ; Plaistow ; Plumstead.)

SPARGANIUM RAMOSUM. — Ditches and stagnant water, common, 7. (Abun-
dant in the Roding,* ditches, &c., by the Lea.*)

SPABGAKIUM SIMPLEX. — Ditches and stagnant water, in a gravelly soil,
frequent. 7. In the rivulet in the hollow below Wimbledon Common ;*
Paddington Canal, beyond Willesden ;* Thames about Teddington ;*
ditches near Waltham Abbey ; Colney Heath ; Totteridge Green.

SPARGANIUM AFFINE and MINIMUM. — Rare. Two localities in Herts;
pond near Digwell's Lodge Farm ; and pond S.E. corner of wood at
Darman's Green ; uppermost of three ponds between St. George's Hill
and the Wey ? olim.

SPARGANIUM NATANS. — See S. AFFINE and MINIMUM.

SPARTINA STRICTA. — Sheppey (mouth of the Medway?), local, abundant, 8.

SPECULARIA HYBRIDA. — Dry and chalky cornfields, not common, 6-9.
Cornfields near Dartford, on the road to Greenstreet Green ;* cornfields on
the downs about Reigate ;* near Harefield ; Brockham ; about Croham
Hurst ; about Verulam, St. Albans ; Purfieet ; Tilbury ; Southend.

SPERGULA ARVEXSIS. — Cornfields, frequent, 6-8. (Plentiful about Wey-
bridge ;* and at Ham near Richmond.)

SPERGULARIA RUBRA. — Gravelly and sandy soils, frequent, 6-9. (Hamp-
stead Heath ;* Plumstead Common.*)

SPERGULARIA NEGLECTA. — Banks of the Thames below Woolwich, local,
6—8. Plentiful on both sides of the river.*

SPERGULARIA MARINA. — See S. NEGLECTA.

SPIRAEA ULMARIA. — Ditches and riversides, common, 6-8. (Plentiful by
the Thames,* Lea, &c.*)

SPIR^A FILIPENDULA. — Chalk downs, frequent, 6-7. Purley Downs;*
roadside between Croydon and Sanderstead ;* Coulsdon ;* Mickleham ;*
Leatherhead ;* Epsom and Banstead Downs ;* Box Hill ;* Reigate Hill ;*
and in 'other places along the chalk range ;* also by the Thames, in-
cidentally, from seed brought from a distance by floods (?) ; Morant's
Court Hill ; chalk downs about Wrotham ; about Aldbury Nowers
Wood and heath S. of Tring (plim, no heath there now).

SPIRANTHES AUTUMNALIS. — Dry hilly pastures, in a chalky or gravelly
soil, not common, 8-9. Banstead Downs ; Purley Downs ; downs about
Coulsdon ; Reigate Hill ;* Mickleham Downs ; Dartford Heath ; Box
Hill ; Betchworth Hill ; sandpits about Woolwich (?) olim ; Epping
Forest, near 8th milestone (?) olim ; open pastures about Hanwell ;
Warley Common (?); Tunbridge Wells Common, and elsewhere in the
neighbourhood ; Bedwell Park, Essendon ; near the old mill, Hoddesclon ;

70 A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

Box Moor ; No-man's-land ; between Aston and Sheephall ; Hatfield
Park ; field near Brickendon ; pasture with Erythrcea pulchella (which
see) ; Totteridge Green ; field near Mill Hill ; Pinner Hill.

STACHYS BETONICA. — Woods and thickets, frequent, 6-8. (Hampstead
Heath ;* Barnes Common.*)

STACHYS PALTJSTRIS. — River banks, and moist places, frequent, 7-8.
(Plenty by the Lea river ;*• and by the canals.*)

STACHYS SYLVATICA. — Woods and hedges, frequent, 7-8. (Lanes about
Willesden ;* Hendon, &c.*)

STACHYS ARVENSIS. — Dry cornfields, not common in the metropolitan
districts, 4-10. Fields near Croham Hurst ;* cornfields at the foot of
the Reigate, Buckland,* and Betchworth hills ; and W. of Reigate
Heath ; and below hills E. of Merstham ; near Rickmansworth, in a
field between Long Valley Wood and Watford road ; cornfields, Hare-
field ; cornfields about Coombe Wood ; Fyfield ; Southend ; cliffs towards
Leigh ; in the Weald ; cornfield about Oak of Honour Wood ; fields on
Clement's Farm, Brickendon ; field on Barber's Lodge Farm, near Hat-
field Woodside ; cultivated ground within Milward's Park, Hatfield ;
gardens, Pinner ; fields about Hatfield woodside ; Broxbourne.

STATICE LIMONIUM. — Muddy shores, and salt-marshes, by the Thames,
frequent, 7-9. Between Woolwich and Erith ;* Dartford ;* Greenhithe ;*
Northfleet ;* Gravesend ;* by the Medway at Rochester ; Tilbury ;*
and onwards to Southend.*

STATICE BAHUSIENSIS. — Local, rare. Purfleet.

STELLARIA AQUATICA (syn. Malachium; Cerastium). — Watersides, and
damp localities, not common, but plentiful where it does occur. Watery
places about the Colne and canal at Harefield ;* Uxbridge ;* by the
Cran at Hanworth Bridge ;* by the Roding ; Barking ; Rainham ;
Ongar ; Lea Valley, frequent ; Colney.

STELLARIA MEDIA. — Roadsides, waste places, and in gardens, common, 1-12.
Everywhere.*

STELLARIA HOLOSTEA. — Woods and hedges, frequent, 4-6. In almost
every hedge in the lanes about London ; (Tottenham ;* Hendon, &c.*)

STELLARIA GRAMINEA. — In similar situations, and on heaths (in dry places),
5-8. (Lanes about Chingford ;* Tottenham ;* &c.)

STELLARIA GLAUCA. — Marshy places, margins of ponds, &c., not common.
5-7. In the ravine, Wimbledon Common ;* Reigate Heath (bogs) ;*
marshy meadows by the Wey near Guildford ; between West Ham and
the Thames ; near Hoddesdon. in a marsh N. of it ; Hertford Heath,
opposite entrance to Haileybury ; and marshy ground S. of old mill ;
side of ditch in a meadow near Woodbridge railway station.

STELLARIA ULIGINOSA. — Ditches, rivulets, and bogs, frequent, 5-6. (Hamp-
stead Heath ; in the bog.*)

SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. — Ditches, river banks, and watery places,
common, 5-6. (Ditch by the Thames on the Surrey side of Hammersmith
Bridge ;* also by the river ; by the Lea, and in bordering ditches,
abundantly.*)

SYMPHYTUM TUBEROSUM. — Shady woods, and river banks, rare, 6-7.
Wimbledon Park ; near Barnet.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 71

MARITIMA. — Thames shores, local. Grays ; Purfleet ;* Tilbury ;*
Southend.*

TAMUS COMMUXIS. — Hedges and thickets, frequent, 6-7. Epping Forest ;*
lanes about Kingsbury ;* and everywhere in woodland localities, occa-
sionally.*

TANACETUM VULGABE. — Waste places, and river sides, frequent, 7-9.
Rare in Herts. Banks of the Lea Canal, plentiful ;* ditch Edmonton,
near Angel Road station, Hoddesdon, &c.*

TARAXACUM OFFICINALE. — Pastures, waysides, and waste places, common,
4-7. Everywhere about London ;* the var. palustre, by the Thames
between Hammersmith and Kew ; and on Mitcham Common.

TAXUS BACCATA. — Upland woods, mostly on the chalk and in churchyards
(planted) ; frequent. Farthing Downs (borders) ;* Box Hill ;* Hog's
Back ;* hills E. of Wrotham ;* and other localities on the chalk range ;*
such as hills W. of Dorking, &c. ;* Epping Forest ; Great Warley.

TEESDALIA NUDICAULIS. — Sandy and gravelly banks and commons, not
very frequent, 4-6. Barnes Common, left by the road across it from
Hammersmith ;* Esher Common (on Winter Downs) ;* Putney Heath ;*
about Hampton Court, in the Park ; Epping Forest, in a gravel pit ;
Ilford, in a gravel pit near ; between Hersham and Weybridge ; Albury
and Shiere heaths ; Reigate Heath ;* Mousehill Heath, Godalmmg ;
Witley Common.

TEUCRIUM BOTRYS. Local, 7. — Box Hill, in a valley right of the road
from Mickleham to Headley (plentiful in 1875) ;* about Bagdon Hill,
Book ham ; Sanderstead Downs (?).

TEUCRIUM SCORODONIA. — Woods, banks, and heaths, common, 7-8. (Hamp-
stead Heath ; plentiful.*)

THALICTRUM FLAVUM. — Banks of rivers and ditches, in wet meadows,
not common, G-7. In the meadows between Chingford and Ponder's
End. but not frequent ;* by the Thames between Walton and Weybridge ;*
by the Colne at Oxbridge ;* by the Brent at Greenford ; by the Roding
near Chigwell ;* by the Cray ; by the Colne, between Harefield and
Rickmansworth ; by the Lea in several places ; by the Wey.

THESIUM HUMIFUSUM. — Elevated chalky banks, and pastures, rare, 5-7.
Banstead Downs (?) ; Mickleham Downs ; about Coulsdon * (chalky bank
between Coulsdon Heath and Kenley Common) ; Box Hill ; Betchworth
Hills ; between Dorking and Ranmore Common ; downs about Guildford ;
Hog's Back ; Purley and Sanderstead downs ; Norbury Park, plentiful.

THLASPI ARVENSE. — Fields and roadsides, not unfrequent, 5-7. Cornfields
near Willesden ;* and about Ongar ; foot of Reigate and Buckland
hills.*

THYMUS SERPYLLUM. — Hilly and dry pastures, common. 6-8. Every-
where on the downs ;* roadside between Carshalton and Banstead.*

THYMUS CHAMJEDRYS. — A variety of the above, perhaps in damper and
cooler situations than affected by the typical form. (" Printed words being
very satisfactory distinctions, if Nature would only act up to rules,
instead of going perversely contrary to printed text." ' Cybele,' Com-
pendium.) Warley Common ; Southend.

72 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

TILIA GRANDIFOLIA. — Woods and hedges, rare, 6-7. Banks of the Mole

near Dorking ;* near Box Hill.
TILIA PARVIFOLIA. — Woods in Essex, not common, 7-8. Epping Forest ;

Ashtead Park, Epsom ; Purfleet.
T. intermedia (syn. europced). — Plantations, 7. Frequent about London,

in parks, &c.
TORDYLIUM MAXIMUM. — Rare. Waste ground about London and Eton,

formerly ; found by the author on ditch banks, Tilbury, in 1875, in

considerable abundance (yes : H. C. Watson).
TORILIS INFESTA. — Hedges and waysides, not uncommon, 7-9. About

Moulsey ; between Box Hill and Dorking ; Smitham Bottom ;* Sunbury ;

frequent on the chalk range.
TORILIS NODOSA. — Waste places, and by roadsides, especially in the chalk

districts, frequent, 5—7. In profusion on banks by the Thames below

Woolwich towards Erith.*
TORILIS ANTHRISCUS. — Hedges and waste places, common, 7-9. Roadside

hedges and lanes about London, everywhere.*
TRAGOPOGON PRATENSIS. — Meadows, pastures, and waysides, frequent, 6-7.

Plentiful by the towing-path, Lea Canal.*
Tragopogon porrifolius. — Moist meadows, very rare, 5—6. Incidentally on

railway banks at W. Drayton ; a€ Croydon ;* formerly abundant in the

marshes below Woolwich ; but extinct since these have been drained ;

still, may be sought for and possibly found about Greenhithe ; Erith ;

Purfleet ; &c., Green ford (o/i'm).
TRIFOLIUM SUBTERRANEUM. — Dry gravelly pastures, not very common,

5-6. Moulsey Hurst,* in some abundance ; Wimbledon Common

(scarce) ;* Ham Common ;* Ditton Green ; Uxbridge Moor ; Dartford

(? heath) ; Shirley Common ; Streatham Common ; Hampton Court (in

the park ?) ; perhaps in Bushy Park ; Warley Common ; Box Moor ;

Redhill ; Wray Common ; (rare in Herts ;) Sand-pit Lane, St. Albans ;

Bernard Heath ; common by Walton Bridge.
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE. — Meadows and pastures, common, 5-9. Generally

in meadows, but not in all of them, about London.*
TRIFOLIUM MEDIUM. — Pastures, frequent, but much less so than the

preceding species, 6-9. About West-end railway station, Hampstead,

sparingly ;* about Reigate in pastures.
TRIFOLIUM OCHROLEUCUM. — Pastures and waysides on chalk or gravel,

not common, 6-8. Near Abbott's Roding ; in close, by fish-ponds,

Heron Gate ; Great Warley ; High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells ; between

Hertford and Bayford ; in a meadow by a brook on the footpath E. of

Bayfordbury ; also half a mile nearer Hertford ; about Sawbridgeworth ;

frequent about Thorley and Shenley, Herts.
TRIFOLIUM MARITIMUM. — Salt-marshes, local, 6-7. Erith ; Greenhithe ;

Tilbury ;* Northfieet and Gravesend ; Rochester.
Trifolimn incarnatum. — In fields and borders of the same where the

plant has been raised as a crop ; fields near Reigate Hill.*
TRIFOLIUM ARVENSE. — Cornfields and dry pastures ; fallow-fields, &c.,

frequent, 7-9. Box Hill ; Banstead Downs ; fallow field near Croham

Hurst ;* cornfields generally,* but not abundant.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS. 73

TRIFOLIUM STRIATUM.— Fields and dry pastures, frequent, 6-7. Dart-
ford Heath ;* Smitham Bottom ;* about Gravesend ; Blackheath, road
crossing it towards Morden College ; Park Hill ; Wray Common ; many
places about Hertford ; Hertingfordbury ; Bayford, Essendon and Hat-
field ; &c., Oliver's Mount ; Uxbridge Moor ; roadside between Staines
and Hampton ; Mitcham Common ; gravel pits, Moulsey Hurst : Shiere
Heath ; Kedhill and Reigate Heath.

TRIFOLIUM SCABRUM.— Chalky and dry sandy fields, not common, 5-7.
Generally by or near the sea ; Gravesend ; Dartford ; 2 miles beyond
lilbury; Southend and Shoebury ; Mitcham Common.
TRIFOLIUM GLOMERATUM.— Gravelly heaths and pastures, not common,
6. Blackheath and Greenwich Park (?) olim ; Greenhithe ; grassy bank,
near Moulsey Hurst, by road from Hampton Court Bridge 'to W
Moulsey.
TRIFOLIUM REPENS.— Meadows and pastures, common,* 5-9. Even-where

Wandsworth Common ; Edgware Road ;* &c.

TRIFOLIUM FRAGIFERUM.— Meadows and pastures, not unfrequent 7-8

On the Edgware Koad, by Child's Hill ;* in Epping Forest ; below

Purfleet ; Tilbury ; frequent in Herts ; Colney Heath ; North Marsh,

Hoddesdon.

TRIFOLIUM PROCUMBENS.— Dry pastures and borders of fields; frequent,

6-8. Everywhere about London.*
TRIFOLIUM MINUS.— In similar situations, often by roadsides, frequent

6-9. Roadside between Willesden and Kingsbury, &c.
TRIFOLIUM FILIFORM E.— Dry pastures chiefly near the' sea, rather un-
common,^ 6-7. Wimbledon Common ;* Wandsworth Common ; near
Erith ; Keston Common ; Epping Forest ; Hampstead Heath
TRIGLOCHIN PALUSTRE.— Wet meadows, and by the sides of rivers, and
ditches m marshy situations, frequent, 6-8. Between Greenwich and
Woolwich ; Dartford Marshes ; marsh-ditches below Erith in abundance •*
boggy meadow in Wormley Wood ;* bogs, Gomshall Common ; marsh
near Redhill railway station ; Colney Heath ; about Rickmansworth -
Harefield, &c.

TRIGLOCHIN MARITIMUM.— Salt-marshes, local, frequent, 5-9. Plentiful
by the Thames below Woolwich on both sides of the river :* Purfleet •*
Tilbury ;* Northfleet ;* &c.

TRIGONELLA ORNITHOPODIOIDES.— Dry, sandy pastures, rare. Hanwell
Heath (?) ; Northaw by the road to Goff's Oak, Herts ; also near
Coffleys, Herts ; Wandsworth Common (?) ; Wimbledon Common (?)
TRIODIA DECUMBENS.— Heaths and moors, frequent, 7. Hampstead Heath •*
Coulsdon ; on the Surrey heaths in moory parts ; Whitemoor •* Baa-
shot ;* Chobham;* Leith Hill;* Pirbright Heath;* and in Epptne
Forest ;* Warley Common.*
TRITICUM CANINUM.— Woods and banks, frequent. (Hedgebanks about

Willesden ; &c.*)
TRITICUM REPENS.— Fields and waste places, 6-8. Everywhere in the

outskirts.*

TRITICUM JUNCEUM.— By the Thames below Gravesend, local, abundant
7-8. Tilbury ;* Cuxton ;* Southend ;* Canvey Island.*

74 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

TULIPA SYLVESTRIS.— Pastures, very rare, 4. Wimbledon Park ;* in.
a triangular tield at junction of Kingston and Merton Road ; in an
orchard near railway bridge, Buckland ; orchard at Egypt, Holmwoo.
Common.

TURRITIS GLABRA.— See ARABIS PERFOLIATA.

TUSSILAGO FARFARA.— Moist and clay soils, common, 3-4. Banks of the
Lea Canal ;* between Finchley Road and West-end ; Hampstead railway

TYPHA LATIFOLIA. — Borders of ponds and rivers, frequent, 7-8. In the
Lea ;* Roding ;* ditches by the Thames in the marshes.*

TYPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA.— Ditches and pools, not uncommon, 7. Ditches
by the G E. Railway between Clapton and Broxbourne, in several places ;
ditches in the flats below Plaistow onwards ;* Canvey Island ;* Trmg
reservoir; Ruislip reservoir; canal between Hanwell and Brentto
ponds, Wandsworth Common ; Weybridge ; pond near Sunbury Lock ;
Gatton Pond ; forked ponds, Witley.*

ULEX EUROPJEUS.— Heaths and commons, frequent, 2-7. (Hampstead

Heath ;* Barnes Common.*)

ULEX GALLII.— Dry heaths, frequent, 7-11. Ditton Common ;* Reston
Common ;* on all the heaths in S.W. Surrey ; abundant,* and on the
dry Buckinghamshire heaths to the exclusion almost of the ordinary
kind,* Stoke Common ;* Farnham Common ; by Burnham ;* Gerard s
Cross Common ;* No-manVland Common ; Colney Heath.
ULEX NANUS.— Old name, now applied to the stunted prostrate form, in a

specific sense. No-man's-land (T. B. Blow).
ULMUS SUBEROSA.— Woods and hedges, common, 3-5. By the Edgwar

Road; &c., in Hyde Park, plentiful.*

ULMUS MONTANA.— Woods and hedges, frequent, 3-4. In the parks
URTICA DIOICA.— Waste places and hedge-banks, common, 6-9. Every-
where in the suburbs.
URTICA URENS.— In similar situations, and as common, 6-9. VYitl

preceding, but generally in less shady localities.
Urtica pilulifera.— Under walls, and among rubbish, near habitations,

. 6-8. Rare, casual.

UTRICULARIA VULGARIS.— Ditches and ponds, rather unfrequent 6-7.
Pools and holes near the Brookwood station on Pirbright Heath ; in
Heron Gate pond, Thorndon (?) olim ; pond near Egham ; ponds, toot
of Cookham Down; ponds, Felbridge ; pond on Eppmg Foresl
between W. Ham and the Thames ; near Sonning ; ditches, btansteac
Hoddesdon Marsh, first ditch above the new mill ; pond in a thick
by Pembridge Lane, near Broxbourne Lodge.
UTRICULARIA INTERMEDIA.— Rare. Ponds, Burnham Beeches.
UTRICULARIA NEGLECTA.— Confused with the preceding. (

Hainault Forest. p

UTRICULARIA MINOR.— In similar situations, very rare, b-y.

bogs on Farnham Common; river at Uxbridge, (?) ; in the Basmgstok
Canal, opposite Woking station; Pirbright Common, I
canal and railway ; turf-pits, Thursley Common.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS.— Woods and heaths in hilly countries, 4-6.
Abundant where it occurs ; Leith Hill ;* Hurtwood Common ;* hilly
parts of Pirbright Heath ;* Chobham ridges ;* also on Croham Hurst ;*
and on Hampstead Heath ; near the ' Spaniards ; * * Epping Forest ; in
one place ; Oxhey woods.

VACCINIUM OxYOOCOOS.-*-Rare, local, 6. In a bog near Brough Farm by
Witley Common (?) ; not seen in 1876 ; the bog in part drained, and in
another part the turf cut up for peat ; spongy places, Black Lake, near
Farnham ; a patch in Epping Forest (?) olim ; very doubtful.

VALERIANA DIOICA. — Marshy meadows, frequent, 5, 6. Ruislip, moory
meadows ;* in a ravine on Wimbledon Common ;* Warley Common ;
Hackney Marshes (?) ; by the Roding ; Epping Forest ; near Ongar ;
Harefield.

VALERIANA OFFICINALIS. — Ditches sides of rivers, moist woods, frequent,
6-8. By the Colne ;* in ditches by the Thames ; Surrey side ;* near
Godalming ;* Chislehurst woods ;* Wormley Wood ; Epping Forest.*
Var. sambudfolia ; bog foot of Frith Hill, Godalming.

VALERIANELLA OLITORIA. — Banks and cornfields in a light soil, frequent,
4-6. Fields between Sutton and Banstead Downs ;* about Woodford ;*
Willesden ;* Ditton ;* and in most cornfields and bordering hedges.

VALERIANELLA DENTATA. — Cornfields and hedgebanks, not very common,
6-8. Cornfields about Telegraph Hill, Ditton ;* cornfields on the
Sutton Downs, and on Reigate Hill ; Box Hill ; &c., Croham Hurst,
Croydon ; Broomfield. Var. mixta in a field behind lock keeper's house,
Teddington (Heufrey) ; fields near Norton Heath ; Ruislip.

VALERIANELLA AURICULA. — Rare. Claygate; and near Chessington
Church ; about Hook ; cornfield, foot of Box Hill (S. side) ; between
Guildford and St. Martha's Hill.

Valerianella carinata. — Near Ditton (H. C. Watson) ; near Ongar
(Lindley) ; a casual ; at Marden, Ash.

VERBASCUM THAPSUS.^Banks and waste ground in a light, sandy, gravelly,
or chalky soil, frequent, 6-8. Lanes about Colney Heath, plentiful ;*
about Gravesend ; Erith ; Dartford ;* Greenhithe ;* Box Hill ;* Eppins
Forest ; Purfleet ; Great Warley.

VERBASCUM PULVERULENTUM. — Roadsides on a chalky or gravelly soil,
rare, 7. Between Guildford and Shalford (?) olim (none there 'now) ;
near Cuxton olim.

VERBASCUM LYCHNITIS. — Roadsides, pastures and fields in a chalky soil,
7-8. Rare ; between Dartford Heath and Darent Wood ; also between
Dartford and Greenstreet Green, pretty plentifully ;* between Guildford
and Shalford, and on Shalford Common (?) olim (none there now) ; Chisle-
hurst Common (?) ; between Bromley and Chislehurst ;* Croham Hurst ;
Smitham Bottom ; Cobham ; N. side of Morant's Court Hill ; chalk-pit,
Riddlesdown ; abundant* (E. de C.) ; railway station, Bickley* (near
it) ; between Erith and Greenhithe ; Wargrave, Berks.

VERBASCUM NIGRUM. — Banks and waysides in a gravelly or chalky soil,
frequent, 6-10. About Croydon,* towards Smitham Bottom; Box
Hill* (plentiful); between Dorking, and Brockham ; between Guildford
and Shalford ;* near Godalming ;* about the ruins of Verulam, St.

76 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Albans ; roadsides about Farnham ; about Harefield ; Puvfleet ; near
Shoebury ; Hoddesdon ; Sawbridgeworth ; Watford ; Rickmansworth ;
field near N.E. boundary of Hatfield Park.

Verbascum Blattaria. — Banks in a gravelly soil, rare (in Kent), 6-10.
Mitcham Common, near Hackbridge (?) ; between Crayford and Dart-
ford (?) olim ; chalk-pits near Rochester ; about Cobham (?) ; Binfield,
Berks.

VERBASCUM VIRGATUM. — Fields and roadsides, rare, 8. Between Guildford
and Shalford ? and on Shalford Common (?) olim (none there now) ;
Great Berkhampstead Common (?).

VERBASCUM THAPSO-NIGRUM, (THAPSIFORME). — Rare, 7-8. About Dart-
ford ; Charlton and Greenhithe (?) olim ; about Box Hill and Mickle-
ham ; near Cuxton, olim.

VERBENA OFFICINALIS. — Roadsides and waste ground, frequent, 7-9.
About Guildford ;* Croydon ;* Shorne ;* Cobham ;* bordering banks
&c., on the Downs in many places ;* by the Thames ; between Fulmer and
Iver Heath ;* Leatherhead and Mickleham ;* Esher ;* roads between
Dartford, Dartford Heath, and Greenstreet Green ;* Kingston Road ;
Wimbledon Common, a few plants ;* outskirts and bordering lanes,
Epping Forest ;* &c.

VERONICA HEDERIFOLIA. — Fields and hedgebanks, common, 3-8. Hedge-
banks in lanes, Child's Hill ;* Hendon ;* &c.

VERONICA POLITA. — Fields and waste places, common, 4—9. Everywhere
in the environs.*

VERONICA AGRESTIS. — In similar situations, common, 4-9. Everywhere
in the environs.*

VERONICA BUXBAUMII. — Cornfields, frequent,4-9. In almost every cornfield,
especially in the chalk districts ;* near Harlesden Green ;* Acton ;*
Sutton Downs ;* Essex cornfields.*

VERONICA ARVENSIS. — Fields and walls, common, 4-7. Fields, especially
such as are fallow, and in unweeded market-gardens in the environs,
everywhere.*

VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA. — Pastures and roadsides, common, 5-6. Hamp-
stead Heath ;* Hendon, &c.*

VERONICA OFFICINALIS. — Woods and pastures, frequent, 5-7. Pinner
and Oxhey woods ;* abundant.

VERONICA CHAMJEDRYS. — Woods, pastures and hedgebanks, frequent.
Everywhere in hedgebanks, well away from the bricks and mortar,
Hendon ;* &c.

VERONICA MONTANA. — Moist woods, not common, 4-7. Wood near
Breakspeares, Harefield ; near Croydon, (? Croham Hurst) ; woods,
•Wimbledon ; about Coulsdon ; Fridley Copse, Mickleham ; woods about
Merstham ; Gatton ; Chipstead ; Epping Forest; woods about God-
aiming ; woods S. of the Lea ; Old Park Wood, Harefield ; and hedge-
bank near, on the Ruislip road ; Albury ; Shiere ; foot of Leith and of
Boar hills.

VERONICA SCUTELLATA. — Wet places and sides of ditches, frequent, 7-8.
Putney Heath ;* Keston Common ;* Epping Forest ;* ponds, &c., War-
ley Common ; Esher Common.

I. FLOWEKING PLANTS. 77

VERONICA ANAGALLIS. — Ditches and watery places, frequent, 7-8.
Plenty by the Thames ; between Hammersmith and Mortlake.

VERONICA BECCABUNGA. — Ditches and watercourses, common, 5-9. In
the ditch on Hampstead Heath ;* plentiful, (E. or S. heath).

VIBURNUM LANTANA. — Woods and hedges on a chalky soil, abundant, 5-6.
Everywhere on the chalk range from the Hog's Back to Cuxton ;*
between Crayford and Dartford ; between Dartford and Darent Wood ;*
and in the wood ;* about Greenhithe and Northfleet ;* Purfleet ;* Hare-
field ;* Tring ;* lanes in Essex, between Hatfield Broad Oak and
Fyfield, occasionally (gravel over chalk at some depth) ;* about Hert-
ford ; St. Albans ; &c.

VIBURNUM OPULUS. — Woods and coppices in damp situations, as well
chalky as otherwise, 6-7. Box Hill ; Darent Wood ;* Stroud Copse,
Godalming ; Epping Forest ;* by the Brent about Totteridge, plentiful.

VICIA CRACCA. — Bushy places, frequent, 6-8. Thames bank above
Teddington ;* Hampstead Heath, E. ;* Box Hill, &c.*

VICIA SATIVA. — Cultivated borders of fields where a crop of the plant has
been previously raised, 5-6,, Between Wimbledon stat. and Morton,
near Mitcham.*

VICIA ANGUSTIFOLIA. — Dry pastures in a sandy or gravelly soil, rare,
5-6. Darent Wood ; about Eltham, (?) olim.

VICIA HIRSUTA. — Hedges and cornfields, frequent, 6-8. Epping Forest ;
between Harlesden, Willesden, and Neasdon ;* Warley.

VICIA TETRASPERMA. — Cornfields, hedges, and bushy places, frequent, 6-8.
Bushy places and hedges by the Paddington Canal ;* bordering banks in
the marshes below Woolwich, plentiful.*

VICIA SEPIUM. — Woods and shady places, frequent, 6-8. Epping Forest ;*
Darent Wood ;* Chislehurst ;* about Charlton ; roadside between
F aimer and Iver Heath ;* about Heiidon,* &c.

VlClA LATHYROIDES. — Roadsides and dry pastures, not unfrequent, 4-6.
Epping Forest ;* Esher ; banks about Greenhithe.

VICIA BITHYNICA. — Bushy places in a gravelly soil, rare, 7-8. Darent
Wood ; near Hadleigh Castle.

VICIA SYLVATICA. — Woods, rare. Woods above Aston Hill, Tring (?) olim.

VlLLARSIA NYMPHJEOIDES. — See LlMNANTHEMUM.

ViNCA MINOR. — Hedges and banks in woods, not frequent, 4-6.
Wimbledon Common (?) ; Epping Forest, near Woodford ; and in Larks-
wood, Chingford ; lane between Swanscomb and Darent Wood ; lane
near Harrow Weald Common ;* Westhumble Lane, near Burford
Bridge ;* Hatfield Broad Oak ; Fyfield ; thicket, South Weald, Little
Warley ; near Croydon ; Cobham (Sur.) ; one mile from Mary Cray, on
the road to Chelsfield ; near Totteridge ; Theydon Bois ; Hertingfordbury
Park and Mole Wood ; Boxwood, Hertford Heath ; Wix's Wood, Tring ;
lane near the Union, St. Albans ; lanes at King's Langley ; Bentley
Priory woods ; by the Engine Pond, Gatton ; about Albury ; Mickle-
ham ; Clandon.

Vinca major. — Woods and thickets, rare. Hedge on Esher Common ;
Woodford ; Coulsdon.

VIOLA PALUSTRIS. — Bogs and marshy places, not common, 4-7. Hamp-

78 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

stead Heath;* marsh at the foot of the hills E. of Merstham ;*
Sunninghill Bog, near Ascot;* Farnham ;* common near Burnham
Beeches ;* Warley Common ; meadow near Shirley Common ; about
Dorking'; Broadmoor, lower extremity; ravine, Leith Hill, towards
Wotton.

VIOLA ODORATA. — Hedges and woods, frequent, 3-4. Banks about Kings-
bury,* Mortlake,* Burford Bridge,* Croydon,* &c.

VlOLA HIRTA.— Hedges, copses, and banks in the chalk districts, frequent,
4-5 Box Hill, Betch worth, and in many places along the chalk range ;*
Harefield;* Coulsdon; Tring ;* Dartford, road to Greenstreet Green ;*
Banstead Downs* (var. calcarea ?) ; Epping (?) ; Southend(P); Hogs
Back; Harefield.*
VIOLA SYLVATICA (olim CANINA).— Woods, banks, and dry pasti res,

frequent, 4-8. Plentiful in Epping Forest.*

VIOLA CANINA..— With var. Jto wcornw in similar situations; probably not
very unfrequent, 4-8. A mere variety of the preceding; between
Hampton and Staines.

VIOLA LACTEA.— In similar situations (?), rare, 4 -8 ; a variety only ot the
last. Roadside, from Bagshot to Ascot, in an old brickfield. N.B. Ihe
student should gather these Dog Violets from various localities, and
compare them one with another, and with the descriptions m the books
(vide observations in ' Cybele Brit.' Compend. p. 441, on this species).
Records of localities are wanting for them, except as an aggregate.
VIOLA TRICOLOR.— Cultivated fields and banks, frequent, 5-1 <
almost every cornfield, and in fallow fields where corn has grown.
(VlOLA LUTEA.— No record ?)

ViSCUM ALBUM.— On trees, but not very frequent in the metropolitan
districts. In the Park at Betchworth ; in Norbury Park; Epping
Forest, near Chingford and Loughton ; on thorns, about Cobham ; in
Bayfordbury and Brickendonbury Parks ; in Moor Park ; on thorns,
Bushy Park.

WAHLENBERGIA CAMPANULACEA.— Bogs on the heaths in S. W. Surrey
mostly rare 7-8. By the forked ponds on Witley Common ;* bog near
High Beech, Epping Forest ; Tilgate Forest, a little beyond Starvemouse
Moor ; Keston Common, margin of lower pool ; on moors near Tunbndgc

Wells.

WOLFFIA ARRHIZA.— Ponds, rare. Pond in a garden, at Byfleet ; and a1
Staines ; also in a field S.E. of St. James's Church, Walthamstow.

ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRIS.— Ditches and stagnant waters, frequent
5-8 About Staines; near Godalming ;* pond near Finchley Roac
station ;* ditches by the Lea, and in the Lea Canal, between Rye Hous<
and Stanstead ; at Hoddesdon, Broxbourne, &c. ; Tring reservoir.

ZANNICHELLIA PEDICELLATA.— A variety. Marsh ditches by the Thames
below Woolwich.*

ZOSTERA MARINA.— Ditches by the Thames, below Gravesend, local, 7-fc
Southend.

t II. CKYPTOGAMS.

ASPIDIUM ACULEATUM, scarce.— Moist woods and shady banks, rocky
places. Wimbledon Common ; about Hendon ; Epping Forest ; about
Muncombe ; Old Park Wood, Harefield ; Chigwell ; Dorking ; swampy
grounds, N. of Cold Harbour ; hedgebanks, Chert Lane, Reigate ; near
Welham Green and Colney Heath ; Warley Common ; Pinner Wood
and banks near Pinner ; between Cobham and Leatherhead ; about Earls-
wood Common, Nutfield and Bletchingley ; Brentwood, Little Warley
Common ; Burnham Beeches.

Var. lobatum. — Between Harefield and Ruislip Brook, near Bayford
Church ; road from Hatfield to St. Albans ; from Essendon to Little
Berkhampstead ; Essendon West-end; roadside near Welham Green
and between the green and Colney Heath; Great Berkhampstead;
SL Albans ; Epping and Hainault forests ; Warley Common ; about
Reigate and swampy wood near Leith Hill ; Burnham Beeches.

Warley Common ; banks near Pinner ; lane from Pinner to Harrow'
Weald Common ; pits by the road to Hertford and lanes about Hertford ;
road from Cole Green to Hertingfordbury ; Mount Pleasant, Brickendon ;
lane between Keber Green and Hatfield woodside ; between Hatfield'
railway and the Union Workhouse ; lane near Barking ; Epping Forest ;
Burnham Beeches.

ASPLENIUM RUTA-MURARIA.— Old walls, not uncommon. Church at
Teddington ; wall near Highgate, towards Hampstead ;* walls at
Bletchingley and Godstone ; in Norbury Park, Merrow Downs ; Shalford
Church ; about Albury ; Shiere ; in Herts, several places ; Epping
Church ; Woodford ; Leytonstone.

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. — Rocks and walls, uncommon. Haslemere near
Guildford ; stony bank, Hammer near Gomshall ; old walls between Foots
Cray Church and Hurst ; ditto near Woodford ; lane between Ono-ar and
Kelvedon ; about Shiere ; hedgebanks about Reigate ; between Hatfield
woodside and Welham Green ; lane from Cashiobury to Rouse farm, and
elsewhere in the Colne districts ; Warley Common ; orchard in Harefield
Place ; about Breakspeares, Harefield ; rock on Tunbridge Wells Common ;
Walthamstow ; Leyton ; Rainham Church ; Burnham Beeches ; walls of
Burstow Church ; about Little Berkhampstead ; Thieves Lane, Hertford •
lane between Bayford and Little Berkhampstead ; and by a bridle way
from this to Westuble Lane ; on an old wall at Rickmansworth, between
Moor Park and the Colne.

ISPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM.— Banks, walls, and fissures of rocks not

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

common. Haslemere near Guildford ; Charlton Wood (?) ; Darent Wood ;
Keston Common ; old wall at Leytonstone (?) ; Loughton Church ; Brook
End (Ess ) • Warley Common ; Teddington Church ; woods and lanes about
Shiere and Albury ; hedgebank, Harrow Weald Common ; Headstone
Lane Pinner ; lane leading to Rickmansworth from Harefield ; hedge-
banks S. of the chalk range in the lower greensand districts frequent ;
Thieves Lane Hertford ; between Brickendon Green and Blackfcin Wood ;
between Bayford and Little Berkhampstead ; Ess ;endon ; between
Hat field woodside and Welham Green ; between Hatfield and St. Albans ;
between St. Albans and Watford; between Rustall Common and
Laneton Green ; Norton Heath ; Burnham Beeches ; Tilgate Forest.

ASPLENIUM LANCEOLATUM.— Rare ; sand rocks, by a path leading from
Tunbridee Wells to High Rocks.

ATHYRIUM FiLix-F(EMiNA.-Moist places in woods mostly not frequent,
Guildford chalk-pit (?); Darent Wood; Warley Common ; Colney Heath (?);
Great Berkhampstead Common, near the brick-kiln; copse near Be
Bar (plenty)' Berry Wood near Aldenham ; boggy copse W. of Keigate
FAH+VT-* Oxhev Wood : enclosure near Harrow Weald Common; Winch-
Sore Hill Wo7od; moist woods S. of the chalk range; Bell Wood,
Bavford • Hatfield woodside ; Cook's Hill, Little Berkhampstead ; Colney
Heath ; lanes near Hasloc farm, Tring ; Fyfield ; Snaresbrook ; Warley
Common ; Burnham Beeches ; Tilgate Forest.

BLECHNUM.— See LOMARIA.

BOTRYCHIUM LUNARIA.— Hilly pastures, downs &c meadows, notfre-
nuent Shirley Common ; about Chislehurst ; Coulsdon ; between Dart-
Haiid Foots Cray; summit of Leith Hill; Shackle ford Heath ;
Farnham Park; Reigate Heath, N.W. corner; Bury Hill, near Dorking;
Puttenham Heath.

ptfTtftt *CH OFFICINARUM.— Old walls &c., rare. On Cliffe Church, below
Gravtsend lane leading from Mickleham to Headley (?) dm ; in Herts
in one p?ace, locality not stated; at Woodford (?) dim, on two walls

CHARA°FLEXIMS!— Stagnant water. About Totteridge ; Hendon ; Epping

Forest ;* Leatherhead.

PWARA SYNCARPA. — Ponds. (Ruislip reservoir.)
CH!KA TRANSLUCENS.-Ponds. (High Beech; Epping Forest; Stanmore

KKETiDA.-agnat water. Pinner ; pond in field right of lane
itading from Hanipstead Heath to Fortune Green ;* ditch by the Thames

in Hatfield Forest; Ruislip Common ; bog

in Wormley Wood.*

CHARA TOMENTOSA.— Ponds. (Chislehurst.)
THARA FRAGILIS.— Ponds. (Pinner Hill.)
S^SSS^JBfc^Wih very rare. At Leytonstone formerly on a

waU ™n the road leading from Weston Street to Albury Park ; and wall

opposite Weston House, Albury (? same localities although differently

described).

II. CEYPTOGAMS. 81

EQUISETQM ARVENSE.— Fields and banks, common. Roadsides, &c. about
Neasdon and Kingsbury ;* banks of the Lea navigation.*

EQUISETUM MAXIMUM. — Wet damp grounds, sides of ditches, clay banks
and swampy bogs, frequent. Wormley Wood ;* wet wood near Northaw,
S. side of the Ridgway ; between Barnet Gate and Totteridge ; Rick-
mansworth ; Gatton ; below hills E. of Merstham 'v and in wet places
below the hills W. of Reigate to Dorking ; wet places near Guildford.

EQUISETUM SYLVATICUM. — Moist woods and hedgebanks, not common.
Woods about Chislehurst ; Epping Forest ; Harefield ; Bayford Wood,
and Bell Wood, near Hertford ; Harrow Weald Common ;* between
Peslik (near Shiere) and Ewhurst, in a valley ; boggy wood on Holmwood
Common, and on Boar Hill ; swampy woods near Cold Harbour, Leith
Hill ; boggy thicket on Warley Common ; Burnham Beeches.

EQUISETUM PALUSTRE. — Boggy places, common. Hampstead Heath ; *
Ruislip Moor ;* Uxbridge Moor.*

EQUISETUM LIMOSUM. — Lakes, sides of pools and rivers, ditches &c., frequent.
Warren pond, near Breakspeares ; Harefield ; Rickmansworth ; Great
Berkhampstead ; ditches by the Lea canal, especially near Ponder's
End.*

EQUISETUM HYEMALE. — Boggy woods, rare. Wanborough Wood, N. side of
the Hog's Back, plentiful, two or three acres of it.

HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE.— Wet sandy rocks in the Weald of
Sussex ; rare, local. High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells ; in Tilgate Forest ;
Forest Ridge ; on the main ridge, and on Chiddingly Rocks ; on a rock
called Pook Church in Cow Wood, left of the Brighton road, and half
a mile from Handcross ; about Ardingly.

LASTRiEA.— See NEPHRODIUM.

LOMARIA SPICANT. — Woods and heaths, frequent. Keston Common ; Warley
Common ; Epping Forest ; Shirley Common ; Leith Hill ; Esher Common ;
Reigate Heath ; N. Mimms Wood ; Newlands Wood, Rickmansworth ;
Bacher Heath ; Harrow Weald Common ; Holmwood Common ; Hatfield
Heath ; Broxbourne woods ; Witley Common ; Puttenham Common ;*
Burnham Beeches ; Tilgate Forest ; and bordering hedges of the Surrey
heaths.*

LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. — Upland heathy pastures, rare. Leith Hill ;
Keston Common ; Woking Heath, olim, (near the station, borders of
small water-courses, left of the railway arch ?) ; Shirley Common ;
Chobham Common ; side of pass over the ridge to Frimley, E. side ;
Witley Common, near Redborough ; Tilgate Forest occasionally ; Epping
Forest, near the King's Oak ; between Loughton and Epping (?) ; heath,
Highdown, near Godalming.

LYCOPODIUM INUNDATUM. — Moist, heathy places. Frequent on the Surrey
heaths; Wimbledon Common, in the ravine near the camp; Chislehurst
Common ; Esher Common, near Claremont ;* Keston Common ;* Burn-
ham Beeches ; White Moor Common,* abundantly ; Tilgate Forest ;
Leith Hill Common ;* Virginia Water.

LYCOPODIUM SELAGO. — In similar situations, but far less frequent. Shirley

G

82 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Common ; near Woking Common station (?) with L. clavatum, olim ; wet
places, foot of Leith Hill ; Highdown Hill, near Godalming ; E. side of
pass, over Chobham ridges to Frimley ; Tilgate Forest, left of the road
from Tunbridge Wells to Frant ; and in abundance on banks of a pond
below the bog, between Pease Pottage Gate and Starvemouse Plain,
with L. clavatum and L. inundatum.

NEPHRODIUM FILIX-MAS.— Woods and shady banks, frequent. Epping
Forest ;* Broxbourne and Wormley woods ;* woods S. and S.W. of
Hertford ; Darent Wood ;* Keston Common ;* bordering hedges, Surrey
heaths ;* Burnham Beeches and adjoining woods ;* Leith Hill.*

NEPHRODIUM SPINULOSUM. — Boggy heaths and woods, rather rare. Reigate
Heath, adjoining wet copses ;* Elstead Common, bushy borders of a
pond there ;* borders of the forked ponds, Witley Common ;* lane
between Chobham and Bagshot ; in two boggy copses, near Hatfield
woodside ; Winchmore Hill Wood ; Horton Wood by Ashtead Common ;
between Cobham and Oxshott, in 'a coppice near Little Heath ; in a
boggy field between Hare Lane and Esher ; boggy thickets, Leith Hill
districts and Hurtwood ; Ball's Wood ; Broxbourne woods ; bogs about
Shiere and Albury ; Epping Forest ; Warley.

NEPHRODIUM DILATATUM. — Moist woods, mooVs and shady places, frequent.
Lane between Chobham and Bagshot ; Reigate Heath ; Newlands Wood,
Herts ; Stanmore Heath ; Bartleswell, near Harefield ; Whitton Park ;
Winchmore Hill Wood ; Esher ; about Shalford and Shiere, plenty ;
Woking Common ; boggy places, Wonham and foot of Leith Hill ; and in
moist woods between Dorking and Leith Hill ; Epping Forest ; Warley
Common ; Oxhey and Pinner woods ; Harrow Weald Common.

NEPHRODIUM CRIST ATUM. — Boggy heaths, very rare. Burtleswell, near
Harefield (?).

NEPHRODIUM THELYPTERIS. — Marshy and boggy places, rare. About Chig-
well ; Wimbledon Common (?) olim, valley near the camp ; Epping
Forest ; near Godalming, in a field, at one spot ; Waterdown Forest,
Tunbridge Wells ; woody bog in a field, near Epping ; Keston Common ;
Windsor Park ; Sonning Hill Wells.

NEPHRODIUM OREOPTERIS. — Heaths, and dry pastures in hilly places, not
frequent. Epping Forest ; Brasted ; Leith Hill ; Moor Park ; Berkhamp-
stead Common, near the brick-kiln ; Hurtwood Common ; hedgebank
bordering a wood under Oxshott Hill ; roadside near Long Cross,
Chobham Common ; near Horsell Common ; near Guildford ; near Bell-
wood, Bayford ; wood near Northaw, S. side of the Ridgeway, plenti-
ful ; Broxbourne Wood, near Well Green ; Wormley Wood ; near Cow
Heath ; Shiere Lane, Tring, and in a lane parallel to it ; Moor Park ;
Berkhampstead Common ; Warley Common ; Witley Common ; Holm-
wood Common. £c. ; Harrow Weald Common ; Rusthall Common.

OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGARE.— Moist pastures, and in woods, not unfre-
quent. Darent Wood ; about Croydon ; Coulsdon ; about Cobham, field
near the Plough ; Downside ; Epping Forest ; meadows below the hills, E.

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 83

of Merstham ; and meadows in Buckland and Betchworth parishes ;
Elstree reservoir ; pastures, No-man's-land Farm ; wet parts of Albury
Park ; Waterdown Forest ; field at Greeuford, plenty ; Watford, near
the silk mills ; Oxhey Wood ; Perivale ; Harefield, &c. ; Loosely Park
near Guildford ; between High and Chipping Ongar ; Great Warley ;
marshes near Lea Bridge ; damp meadows below Reigate Hill ; pastures
about Bayford, Essendon and Brickendon Green.

OSMUNDA REGALIS. — Boggy places and wet margins of woods, very rare.
Devil's Punchbowl, near Godalming ; wood W. of Warley Common (?) ;
Burnham Beeches (?) (none there now) ; Farnham Common, near Caesar's
camp ; Leith Hill, above Lonesome ; and about Peslik near Shiere ; also,
other side of the hill, near Ewhurst ; Gracious Pond (?) olim ; left of
the road from Frimley to Frimley Green (?) ; Pirbright Common, in
damp bushy places ; Holmwood, near Dorking, in a hollow halfway up
Cold Harbour Lane ; side of forked pond, Witley, next Thursley
Common ; Coleman Moor and Early Heath, Berks.

PILULARIA GLOBULIFERA.— Margins of lakes and ponds, not very
frequent. Ponds on Putney Heath ; Esher Common ;* Mitcham Common ;*
Earlswood ;* pond at Northaw, Herts ; Worplesdon ; Holmwood Common ;
Ditton Marsh ; Hillingdon Common, Uxbridge.

POLYPODIUM PHEGOPTERIS. — Rare, Tilgate Forest.

POLYPODIUM VULGARE. — Rocks, walls, trunks of trees, banks, frequent.
Hind Head Lane, near Godalming ; road near Dorking ; roadsides about
Wendlesham ; banks of the Wey, in a plantation N. of Frensham Common
in profusion ;* Keston Common ; Croham Hurst ;* between Edmonton
and Winchmore Hill ; about Cobham ; Epping Forest,* &c.

POLYSTICHUM. — See ASPIDIUM.

PTERIS AQUILINA. — Heaths, woods and commons, frequent and abundant.
Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest ;* &c.

SCOLOPENDRIUM VULGARE.— Banks and rocks in cold damp situations,
not common. Merton Abbey walls ; Chislehurst Church ; N. side of
Loughton Church ; lanes about Chipping Ongar ; Lee Churchyard ;
Epping Forest.

MINOR CRYPTOGAMS.

ALICULARIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA SCALARIS.

AMBLYSTEGIUM. — See HYPNUM.

ANACALYPTA LANCEOLATA. — Walls, &c., in calcareous districts. Near
Dorking chalk-pits.*

DREA RUPESTRIS. — Damp rocks, very rare. High Rocks, Tunbridge
Wells.

ANEURA. — See JUNGERMANNIA MULTIFIDA.

ANOMODON VITICULOSUS. — Trunks of trees, rare. In a lane near Kings-
bury ;* Southfield Park, Tunbridge Wells ; Morant's Court Hill ; about
Northfleet and Gravesend ; Reigate Hill.

ANTHOCEROS PUNCTATUS. — Ditches, &c., rare. Reported from Tunbridge
Wells ; Woolwich and Walthamstow ; olim.

G 2

84 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

ANTITRICHIA CURTIPENDULA. — Damp rocks, very rare. Eridge Park ;
Ashdown Park.

ATRICHUM UNDULATUM. — Moist, shady banks and in woods, frequent.
Epping Forest ; and bordering banks and copses ;* Wormley Wood,* &c.

AULOCOMNION ANDROGYNUM. — Banks, not frequent : by the roadside, in
the hedge, leading from Tottenham to Walthamstow ;* banks of an old
gravel-pit in Epping Forest, between Walthamstow and Woodford ;*
sand rocks on Tunbridge Wells Common.

AULOCOMNION PALUSTRE. — Bogs, frequent. Epping Forest between Wal-
thamstow and Woodford ;* Hampstead Heath ;* Harrow Weald Com-
mon ; Stanmore Heath ;* Barnes Common ;* Surrey heaths.*

BARBUXA MURALIS.— See TORTULA MURALIS.

BARTRAMIA FONTANA. — Swampy places, generally near springs, not

unfrequent. Barnes Common, a patch or two ;* Hampstead Heath, a

patch or two in upper part of the bog ;* Wimbledon Common, in one

of the ravines, abundantly ;* swampy field, Witley Park ; swamps, Leith

Hill ; in a small pond on Shirley Common.
BARTRAMIA POMIFORMIS. Hedgebanks. Bank on the road to Haslemere

from Godalming ; bank S. end of Oxshott Hill ;* bank on the road from

Boreham Wood station to Stanmore Heath ;* Leith Hill ; Buckland

Hill.

BRACHYTHECIUM. — See HYPNUM.

BRYUM PENDULUM. — A variety of B. caispitium, from which it is distin-
guished by merely nominal differences. (Epping Forest.)
BRYUM C^ESPITIUM. — Walls, roofs, &c. (Common on almost every old

wall about London.*)
BRYCJM CAPILLARE. — In similar situations, common. (Old walls about

London ; everywhere.*)
BRYUM ERYTHROCARPUM. — Heaths, walls, &c. (Banks of the canal,

Tottenham.*)

BRYUM ATRO-PURPUREUM. — Dry pastures, walls, &c. Hampstead Heath.*
BRYUM ARGENTEUM. — Old walls and banks, frequent. Old walls about

London ;* banks of the canal opposite Tottenham, plenty ;* &c.,

Hampstead Heath.*
BRYUM FALLENS. — Near springs, not uncommon. Bogs, Putney Heath ;*

Epping Forest, between Woodford and Walthamstow ;* Putney Heath.*
BRYUM TURBINATUM. — Moist places in sand and gravel-pits. Specimens

from some locality near London ;* in author's herbarium, but record

wanting ; Wormley Wood (?).
BRYUM ROSEUM. — Grassy banks and heaths, rare. Sandy banks and heaths

in the Wealden, near Tunbridge Wells.
BRYUM LIGULATUM. — See MNIUM UNDULATUM.
BRYUM AFFINE. — See MNIUM AFFINE.
BRYUM CARNEUM. — See WEBERA CARNEA.
BRYUM ALBICANS. — See WEBERA ALBICANS.
BRYUM NUTANS. — See WEBERA NUTANS.
BRYUM PYRIFORME. — See LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME.
BRYUM, other than above. — See MNIUM.

II. CKYPTOGAMS. 85

CALYPOGEIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA TRICHOMANES.

CAMPYLOPUS TORFACEUS.— On peaty soils mostly, and where peat has

been cut. Barnes Common ; Hampstead Heath ; Keston Common
CATHARINEA. — See ATRICHUM.
CERATODON PURPUREUS.— Waste ground, banks and wells, common.

Walls &c., about London ; everywhere ;* Hampstead Heath,* &c.
CHEILOSCYPHUS. — See JUNGERMANNIA POLYANTHOS.
CINCLIDOTUS FONTINALIS.— In rocks and streams, 'chiefly in calcareous

districts (?).
CLIMACIUM DENDROIDES.— Meadows, bogs and marshes. Foot of Leith

Hill ; Nutfield Marsh.
CRYPHJEA HETEROMALLA.— Trunks of trees, rare. Epping Forest, near

Loughton ; in Enfield Chase dim; Kenton Lane, near Harrow Weald •*

on a tree, foot of Box Hill.
CYLINDROTHECIUM CONCINNUM. — Rare, Box Hill.

DICRANELLACERVICQLATA.— Moist banks and heaths, especially where

turf has been cut, frequent. Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest ; near

High Beech ; Barnes Common ;* Surrey heaths.*
DICRANELLA VARIA.— Moist banks and clayey soils, (Harrow Weald

Common).*

DICRANELLA CRISPA.— Moist sandy soil, near Southgate.
DICRANELLA HETEROMALLA.— Shaded banks. Epping Forest; Harrow

Weald Common ;* Hampstead Heath.*
DICRANUM SCOPARIUM.— Woods and copses, frequent. Epping Forest •*

Hampstead Heath ;* Pinner woods.*
DICRANUM MA JUS.— A variety of the above, with aggregate fruit-stalks •

Pinner.
DIDYMODON RUBELLUS.— Wall-tops, common. Plentiful about Tottenham •*

Edmonton ;* Walthamstow ;* on walls.
DIPHYSCIUM FOLIOSUJL— Moist rocks, rare. Sandstone rocks, Bridge • near

Tunbridge.

EPHEMERUM SERRATUM.— On the bare ground, (W. side of Muswell

Hill).
EUCALYPTA VULGARIS.— Walls and rocks, rare. Banks and wall-tops about

Harefield (?) ; fissures of rocks in the Wealden about Tunbridge Wells

and Eridge.
EURYNCHIUM. — See HYPNUM.

FEGATELLA CONICA.— Ditch banks, and by streams; rare.

FISSIDENS BRYOIDES.— Shady banks, not very common. Hole Lane, Kings-
bury ;* Harrow Weald Common ;* Hampstead Heath.*

FISSIDENS ADIANTOIDES.— Shady places, wet rocks, banks, pastures and
bogs, rare, Wormley Wood.*

FISSIDENS TAXIFOLIUS.— Moist clayey banks. Harrow Weald Common ;
lanes near* Hole Lane, Kingsbury.*

FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA.— On stones and on banks, both in running
and in still water, common. Thames about Chertsey ;* Walton,* &c. ;

86 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

in the Lea and canal ;* in a pond, by Kenton Lane, near Harrow Weald
(fruiting).*

FOSSOMBRONIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA PUSILLA.

FRULLANIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA TAMARISCINA and DILATATA.

FUNARIA HYaROMETRiCA. — On the ground, and on banks, common. Road-
sides about London ;* on Hampstead Heath ;* waste places, West-end ;*
banks of the canals,* &c.

GRIMMIA PULVINATA.— Wall-tops, stones, &c. ; common, about London
on old mud-topped walls.* Wall, White Hart Lane, Tottenham ;* banks
of the canal there, near the lock this side of the rifle-butts.*

GRIMMIA APOCARPA. — Stones and wall-tops, rare. Colney Hatch Asylum
wall ;* sand rocks near Tunbridge Wells ; Erith, &c.

GYMNOCIBE. — See AULOCOMNION.

GYMNOSTOMUM. — See POTTIA and PHYSCOMITRIUM.

HOMALIA TRICHOMANOIDES.— Trunks of trees, frequent. Lane near

Tottenham Gasworks ;* Epping Forest, below Woodford ;* &c.
HOMALOTHECIUM SERICEUM. — Trees, stone walls, very common, scarce

in the immediate neighbourhood of London. Not observed nearer than on a

wall near the old church at Stanmore ;* wall by the entrance to Bushy

Park ;* walls, foot of Box Hill ;* &c.
HOOKERIA LUCENS. — Moist banks, very rare. High Rocks, Tunbridge

Wells ; Erith Park.
HYLOCOMIUM. — See HYPNUM.
HYPNUM LUTESCENS. — Calcareous rocks and borders of wood ; old quarries

&c., near the sea. About Northfleet and Gravesend ; on chalk roadside

from Tunbridge Wells to Southborough ; Reigate Hill.
HYPNUM NITENS. — Marshy and boggy ground in peat bogs, probably not

unfrequent.
HYPNUM GLAREOSUM. — Gravelly, grassy banks, not uncommon. Roadside

from Woodford to High Beech, Epping Forest ; in a gravel-pit behind

Tottenham ;* Harrow.
HYPNUM ALBICANS. — Dry grassy places, not uncommon. Fruit rare ;

Stanmore Heath ;* Hampstead Heath ; sandy places, Tunbridge Wells ;

Reigate Heath.
HYPNUM VELUTINUM. — On trunks of trees, stones, and on the ground,

common. Everywhere in lanes &c., about London ; Tottenham ;* Hamp-
stead Heath ;* Chingford ;* &c.
HYPNUM RUTABULUM. — In similar situations, very common, everywhere in

the same localities as the preceding species,* (banks of the Lea Canal, &c.)
HYPNUM POPULEUM. — On stones and trees, frequent, but rarely fruiting

about London. On a wall at Tottenham ;* tombstones, Chingford Old

Church ;* on stones on the hill above Westerham.
HYPNUM PLUMOSUM. — On stones &c., in wet places, rare (?). By the Lea

canal ;* and by a drain adjoining,* on trees in Enfield Chase, olim.
HYPNUM ILLECEBRUM. — On grassy banks and rocky pastures, generally

near the sea, rare. Sevenoaks ; Barnes Common (Quekett Micr. Club

report) ; hedgebanks near Shiere.

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 87

HYPNUM CRASSINERVIUM. — On limestone in shady places, rare. Wood, Box
Hill ; on the ground, and at the foot of trees.

HYPNUM PILIFERUM. — Shady banks and woods, or on stones, not un-
common, but rarely fruiting. Putney Heath, in the hollow left of the
Kingston road ;* bank, roadside from Woodford to High Beech, Epping
Forest.*

HYPNUM PR^LONGUM. — Moist shady banks, common. Epping Forest;*
and outlying copses ;* Wormley Wood ;* general in woods,* Hampstead
Heath.* Var. Schwartdi on hedge-banks near Shiere.

HYPNUM PUMILUM. — Hedgebanks, sandstone rocks, rare. Wood, Box Hill ;
on the ground, and at the foot of trees.

HYPXUM MYOSCUROIDES. — Rare. Sandstone rocks about Tunbridge Wells ;
Harrow Weald Common ; Gatton woods.

HYPNUM STRIATUM. — On the ground in woods, not unfrequent. Ching-
ford Hatch ;* Epping Forest ;* Stroud Copse, Godalming ; Pinner
Wood.*

HYPNUM RUSCIFOLILIM. — On stones in rivulets and sluices, frequent. Mill-
stream, Chingford Mill ;* canal banks, Tottenham ;* Harrow ; in the
Mole, foot of Box Hill.

HYPNUM MURALE. — On rocks and stones, not frequent. On the brickwork,
mouth of a drain, lower part of Hampstead Heath ;* on stones by the
Tottenham Canal.*

HYPNUM CONFERTUM. — On stones, shady walls, trunks of trees, frequent.
Foot of the brick wall between Highgate and Hampstead ;* gravestones
Walthamstow ;* banks of the Tottenham Canal ;* old wall on the Frant
road, Tunbridge Wells ; foot of trees, Box Hill ; tree variety, in a lane
near Stanmore Heath.

HYPNUM MEGAPOLITANUM. — Sandy banks, (var. of the preceding accord-
ing to Hooker and Wilson). Vicinity of Dorking ; Gomshall and Shiere,
('Science Gossip,' February, 1872).

HYPNUM TENELLUM.— Walls and rocks, especially such as are calcareous,
common. On tombstones, Chingford Old Church ;* foot of trees, Box
Hill ; wall in a lane near Tottenham Church.*

HYPNUM SERPENS. — Moist banks, trunks of trees, and on stones near
water, common. On stones by the canal about Tottenham ;* tombstones
in Kensal Green Cemetery ;* &c.

HYPNUM IRRIGUUM. — On stones in rivulets, mill-dams, &c., rare. About
Dorking ; Gomshall and Shiere ; a variety of the above (?).

HYPNUM RIPARIUM. — Banks of streams and moist places on the ground,
common, (plentiful on the banks of the Lea Canal*).

HYPNUM MEDIUM. — See LESKEA POLYCARPA, &c.

HYPNUM STELLATUM. — Boggy places, not common. Bog on Winter Downs,
Esher ; (slope east),* a patch on Putney Heath, near entrance to Roe-
hampton Lane;*' on Bagshot Heath, under the hills left of Bagshot ;*
Tunferidge Wells Common ; Leith Hill ; (Bagshot locality in prostrate
form).

HYPNUM CHRYSOPHYLLUM. — Marsh lands, and on fallow-fields, rare, a
variety of the above (?), reported as occurring on Hampstead Heath ;
Harrow Weald Common (?) ; at the foot of Buckland Hill.

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

HYPNUM PALUSTRE. — On stones in rivulets of subalpine countries, rare.

Hampstead Heath (?) ; watery places, and on rotten wood about Tun-
bridge Wells ; below Red Hill.
HYPNUM STRAMINEUM. — Bogs, rare. Hampstead Heath ;* scarce, in one

place, upper part of the bog ; about Dorking ; bogs in Ashdown Forest ;

Keigate Heath ; Gomshall and Shiere (' Science Gossip ') ; perhaps a

slender and fruiting form of the following : —
HYPNUM CORDIFOLIUM. — Marshy places and ditches, not unfrequent.

Epping Forest ; between Woodford and Walthamstow ;* copse borders

of Harrow Weald Common ;* Pinner, not fruiting.
HYPNUM CUSPIDATUM. — Bogs and marshes, common. Barnes Common ;*

Putney Heath ;* Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest ; in pools by the

road to Woodford in fine condition.*
HYPNUM SCHREBERI. — In woods among trees and bushes, not very common,

unless passed over in mistake for the following species. Epping Forest ;*

Pinner Woods ; on heaths near Tunbridge Wells ; and at High Rocks ;

in fruiting condition.
HYPNUM PURUM. — Shady banks, common, but rarely fruiting, (Epping

Forest;* &c.)
HYPNUM SPLENDENS. — On the ground in woods, common. Epping Forest ;*

Stanmore Heath ;* Burnham Beeches.*
HYPNUM BREVIROSTRE. — In mountainous woods, rare, near Tunbridge

Wells.

HYPNUM IMPONENS. — Box Hill (; Science Gossip').
HYPNUM SQUARROSUM. — Wet pastures, and in woods, common, rare in

fruit. Epping Forest ;* Harrow Weald ;* &c.
HYPNUM TRIQUETRUM. — Woods and banks, common. Epping Forest ;*

Broxbourne and Wormley woods ;* Box Hill, &c.*
HYPNUM LOREUM. — Woods in hilly countries, not very frequent. Epping

Forest, near Chingford Hatch ;* Darent Wood ;* Box Hill, &c. ;* Shiere ;

Harrow Weald Common ;* Eridge Rocks.
HYPNUM ADUNCUM. — Bogs, not very common. Boggy pits in Epping

Forest ;* in a small pond on Shirley Common ; bogs near Tunbridge

Wells ; Reigate Heath.

HYPNUM FLUITANS. — Meadows, marshes, and peat bogs, common. Hamp-
stead Heath ;* ditches by the railway above Lea Bridge station, in

perfection, and fruiting freely.*
HYPNUM UNCINATUM and var. 11. cxannulatum. — In watery stony places, in

hilly countries. Harrow Weald Common ; in the vicinity of Dorking,

Gomshall, and Shiere.
HYPNUM FILICINUM. — Watery places, generally in hilly countries, rare.

Hole Lane, near Kingsbury ;* about Northfleet and Gravesend ; Chisle-

hurst ; about Tunbridge Wells.

HYPNUM COMMUTATUM. — Possibly about rills in the chalk districts.
HYPNUM MOLLUSCUM. — Hilly places in the chalk districts, not unfrequent.

Box Hill;* Mickleham ;* Reigate Heath (a variety?); Morant's Court

Hill ; Reigate Hill, rarely fruiting.
HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME. — On banks, stones, trunks of trees, common,

and very variable in appearance ; everywhere, especially in woodland

II. CKYPTOGAMS. 89

districts. Hampstead Heath ;* also a pale-leaved variety ;* Epping

Forest ;* Darent Wood * (varieties), &c.
HYPNUM DENTICULATUM. — In woods and on banks, common. Hedgebanks

about London, frequent ; Tottenham ;* Kingsbury ;* Chingford, &c. ;*

Reigate Heath.
HYPNUM SYLVATICUM. — Roots of trees in woods, not common. Epping

Forest ;* Darent Wood ;* Harrow Weald Common.*
HYPNUM UNDULATUM. — Woods, and heathy places, in hilly parts, rare.

Bridge Park ; lane W. of Reigate Park ?

ISOTHECIUM MYURUM.— On walls and on trees in woods, not common.

Leith Hill ; trees, &c., about Tunbridge Wells.
ISOTHECIUM MYOSUEOIDES. — See HYPNUM.

JUNGERMANNIA ASPLENIOIDES.— Shady banks and moist woods, fre-
quent, but rarely fruiting. Copse near Chingford Hatch, and elsewhere in

Epping Forest ;* Erith Rocks (fruiting in 1839) ; Pinner Wood ; Wormley

Wood ;* Leith Hill.1 (Plagiochila.)

JUNGERMANNIA CURVIFOLIA. — Reigate Heath. (Plagiochila.)
JUNGERMANNIA BISCUSPIDATA. — Trees, hedgebanks, and moors, frequent.

Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest ;* Pinner Wood ; Barnes Common ;

Leith Hill.
JUNGERMANNIA MULTIFIDA. — Wet places, frequent. Hampstead Heath ;*

Hole Lane.* (Aneura ;* Riccardia.)
JUNGERMANNIA ALBICANS. — Woods and banks, common. Roadside, &c.,

from Hampstead to Highgate ;* Reigate Heath ;* Epping Forest.*
JUNGERMANNIA EPIPHYLLA. — Sand-rocks about Tunbridge Wells, &c.,

frequent. Woolwich ; gutters in Dean's Wood, Harefield ; Leith Hill ;

Barnes Common. (Pellia ; Metzgeria.)

JUNGERMANNIA CALYGINA. — Boggy and wet places. (Pellia.)
JUNGERMANNIA FURCATA. — Trunks of trees, common. Moors, &c., Epping

Forest, borders ; Leith Hill.
JUNGERMANNIA CRENULATA. — Heaths, &c., common. Hampstead Heath ;*

Harrow Weald Common.*
JUNGERMANNIA TOMENTOSA. — Wood between Highgate and Hornsey.

(Trichocolea.)

JUNGERMANNIA SPHJEROCARPA. — Old Fall Wood, Highgate ; by a rill.
JUNGERMANNIA CILIARIS. — In Old Fall Wood, Highgate ; by a rill.

(Ptylidium.)
JUNGERMANNIA TAMARISCINA. — Chalk districts on the ground, common.

Hampstead. (Frullania.)
JUNGERMANNIA UNDULATA. — Harrow Weald Common ;* Hampstead

Heath ;* Leith Hill. (Scapania.)

1 See remarks in the Preface. For practical purposes the student may arrange his
collection in two principal groups, Foliaceous and Frondose; the former subdivided
iccording to the presence or absence of stipules (so called) on the stems. The latter
form a natural transition to the Marchantiacese.* See M. C. Cooke, ' British Hepatica?.'
R. Hardwicke and Bogue. Price 4d.

90 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

JUNGERMANNIA COMPLANATA. — Trunks of trees, frequent. Hedgebanks

about Chingford Hatch ;* Pinner Wood ;* Hole Lane, Kingsbury ;*

Leith Hill ; Barnes Common. (Radula ; Martinellia.)*
JUNGERMANNIA HETEROPHYLLA. — With /. biscuspidata on Barnes

Common and Hampstead Heath. (Lophocolea.)
JUNGERMANNIA BIDENTATA. — Boggy places, frequent. Pinner Wood ;

Hampstead Heath;* Hole Lane;* Barnes Common; Leith Hill.

(Lophocolea.)
JUNGERMANNIA TRICIIOMANES. — Sand-rocks, bogs, .&c. Epping Forest ;

Pinner Wood. (Calypogeia.)
JUNGERMANNIA POLYANTHOS. — Wet places about streams. Epping

Forest.* (Cheiloscyphus.)
JUNGERMANNIA REPTANS. — Hedgebanks, heaths, and woods, common.

Epping Forest;* Hampstead Heath ;* Leith Hill. (Lepidozia.)
JUNGERMANNIA PLATYPHYLLA. — Walls, rocks, and trees, common. On

trees about Chingford Hatch ;* and in the forest ;* Reigate Heath.*

(Madotheca.)
JUNGERMANNIA DILATATA.— Trunk s of trees, common. Pinner \\ood.

(Frullania.)
JUNGERMANNIA INFLATA. — Frequent. Hampstead Heath ;* Reigate

Heath.*

JUNGERMANNIA SPHAGNI. — Bogs. (Physiolium.)
JUNGERMANNIA PUSILLA.— Moist shady banks, rare; about Woolwich.

(Fossombronia.)
JUNGERMANNIA SCALARIS. — Boggy places. Hampstead Heath ;* Harrow

Weald Common ;* Leith Hill. (Alicularia.)
JUNGERMANNIA ANOMALA. — On trees,* no record.
JUNGERMANNIA CONNIVENS. — Bogs. Hampstead Heath.*
JUNGERMANNIA VARIA. — Woods near Harefield.
JUNGERMANNIA DIVARICATA.— Hampstead Heath ;* Reigate Heath.
JUNGERMANNIA EMARGINATA. — Leith Hill. (Sarcoscyphus.)
JUNGERMANNIA NEMOROSA.— Woods in the Wealden, abundant. (Scapania.)

N.B. Many other Jungermannise are reported to occur in the neigh-
bourhood of Tunbridge Wells ; High Rocks ; Bridge Rocks, &c.

LEPIDOZIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA REPTANS.

LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME. — Sandy or turfy ground, sandstone rocks; in

stoves and greenhouse frames, sometimes ; rare. Barnes Common ;

sand-rocks, Tunbridge Wells ; Dorking ; Shiere ; Gomshall Marsh.
LEPTODON SMITHII. — On trunks of trees, rare. In the vicinity of Dorking,

Gomshall, and Shiere.
LEPTOTRICHUM FLEXICAULE. — On calcareous rocks, rare. Slopes of Box

Hill.
LESKEA POLYCARPA. — At the roots of trees, on stones and piles near wat

Harrow Weald ; trunks of Willows, Chiswick ; on trees by the Brent

at Stonebridge Harrow Road;* ditch by the Thames on stumps of

Willows, near Kew.*
LESKEA SERICEA.— See HOMALOTHECIUM.
LEUCOBRYUM GLAUCUM.— Damp places in upland woods, not common.

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 91

Epping Forest ;* Harrow Weald Common ;* Esher Common (on the

ridge, under the Pines) ;* Burnham Beeches ;* forests about Tunbridge

Wells ; nowhere fruiting.
LEUCODON SCIUROIDES. — Trunks of trees, rare. Harrow Weald Common ;

forests about Tunbridge Wells ; copses on the chalk range in several

places,* rarely fruiting.
LOPHOCOLEA. — See JUNGERMANNIA BICUSPIDATA, BIDENTATA, HETERO-

PHYLLA.

MADOTHECA. — See JUNGERMANNIA* PLATYPHYLLA.

MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA. — Wet places, bogs, sides of drains, &c., not
{infrequent. On a wall by the rivulet at Edmonton, Angel Lane ;*
Hampstead Heath, under wet banks ;* Wimbledon Common, in one of
the ravines, plenty.* Banks of holes, and old gravel-pits in Epping
Forest, between Wood ford and Walthamstow.*

MARCHANTIA CONICA. — See FEGATELLA.

MARTINELLIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA COMPLANATA.

METZGERIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA EPIPHYLLA, FURCATA.

MNIUM UNDULATUM. — Woods and shady banks, not uncommon ; but rare
in fruit. Harrow and Pinner woods ; Epping Forest ;* Hole Lane,
Kingsbury ;* copse by the forked ponds, Witley Common ;* E. Grinstead,
fruiting ; Leith Hill ; Buckland Hill.

MNIUM AFFINE. — Woods and marshes, rare. High Rocks, Tunbrido-e
Wells.

MNIUM ROSTRATUM. — Shady spots, near springs, rare. Harrow Weald
Common ; Gomshall Marsh.

MNIUM HORNUM. — Woods, shady banks, common. Epping Forest ;*
Harrow Weald Common ;* Burnham Beeches,* &c. ; Hampstead Heath.

MNIUM PUNCTATUM. — Shady banks near springs, &c., not uncommon.
Stroud Copse, Godalming ; Leith Hill ;* Epping Forest ;* Wormley
Wood ;* Hampstead Heath (a patch of it in a ditch).*

NECKERA COMPLANATA.— On trees in woods, &c., not very frequent.

Epping Forest ;* Harrow Weald, neighbouring lanes,* fruit rare.
NECKERA CRISPA. — On trunks of trees, and on calcareous rocks, rare.

Morant's Court Hill ; about Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere ; chalk

cliffs, Gravesend ; Epsom Downs (?) ; Buckland and Reigate Hills.
NECKERA PUMILA. — In similar situations, rare. About Dorking, Gomshall,

and Shiere ; near Tunbridge Wells, road to Frant.

ORTHOTRICHUM CUPULATUM.— On stones, trunks of trees especially
in calcareous districts, rare. (?) Darent Wood.*

ORTHOTRICHUM ANOMALUM. — On rocks and walls, especially in cal-
careous countries about Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere (Godalming, on
a roof).

ORTHOTRICHUM TENELLUM. — On trees, rare. About Dorking, Gomshall,
and Shiere.

ORTHOTRICHUM AFFINE. — On trees and stones, common. Epping Forest ;*

92 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

walls of old Chingford Church ;* Pinner ; Kenton Lane, near Harrow

Weald.*
ORTHOTRICHUM STRAMINEUM. — Trees and boulders, rare. Vicinity oi

Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.
ORTHOTRICHUM BRUCHII. — See ULOTA BRUCIIII.
ORTHOTRICHUM DIAPHANUM. — On trees and stones, common. Epping

Forest.
ORTHOTRICHUM PULCHELLUM. — On trunks of trees, and stones, rare. (?)

Vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.
ORTHOTRICHUM STRIATUM. — See 0. LEIOCARPUM.
ORTHOTRICHUM LEIOCARPUM. — On trees, pales, and stones. On a tree at

Stroud ; neighbourhood of Box Hill and Dorking.
ORTHOTRICHUM LYELLII. — On trunks of trees, rare. Vicinity of Box

Hill and Dorking.
ORTHOTRICHUM CRISPUM. — See ULOTA CRISPA.

PEL LI A. — See JUNGERMANNIA EPIPHYLLA and J. CALYCINA.

PHASCUM CUSPIDATUM. — On the ground, especially in sandy soil, common.

On a bank right, Chingford Mills ; road to Chingford.*
PHASCUM BRYOIDES. — Open fields, rare. * No record where gathered.
PHASCUM MUTICUM. — See SPH^ERANGIUM.
PHASCUM SUBULATUM. — See PLEURIDIUM SUBULATUM.
PHASCUM s ERRATUM. — See EPHEMERUM.
PHILONOTIS. — See BARTRAMIA FONTANA.
PHYSCOMITRIUM PYRIFORME. — Moist banks, common. Frequent by the

Lea Canal ;* Gomshall Marsh.
PHYSIOTIUM. — See JUNGERMANNIA SPHAGNI.

PLAGIOCHILA. — See JUNGERMANNIA ASPLENIOIDES and J. CURVIFOLIA.
PLAGIOTHECIUM. — See HYPNUM PULCHELLUM and H. DENTICULATUM.
PLEURIDIUM> SUBULATUM. — On the ground in fields, and on banks,

common. Hampstead Heath ;* Epping Forest ;* Barnes Common.
PLEUROZIUM. — See HYPNUM.
POGONATUM NANUM. — Heaths, sandy or loamy banks, not uncommon.

Surrey heaths in several places ;* Epping Forest.*
POGONATUM ALOIDES. — Heaths, moist banks, frequent. Barnes Common ;

Pinner ; Harrow Weald Common.*
POLYTRICHUM PILIPERUM. — On dry open heaths, common. Hampstead

Heath.*

POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM. — On heaths, frequent. Barnes Common.*
POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE. — Moist woods, and boggy parts of heaths,

common. Hampstead Heath ;* Putney Heath ;* Barnes Common,* &c.
POTTIA CAVIFOLIA (dim GYMNOSTOMUM OVATUM). — Clay walls, and the

naked ground, common.
POTTIA TRUNCATA. — Banks and fallow ground, frequent. Epping Forest ;*

Hampstead Heath.*
PSEUDOLESKEA CATENULATA. — Sub-alpine rocks, rare. High Rocks,

Tunbridge Wells.

PSYCHOMITRIUM. — See LEPTOBRYUM.
PTERYGONIUM GRACILE. — Rocks, walls, and trunks of trees, in sub-alpine

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 93

districts, rare. In the vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall, ami Shiere ;

Ramsbye Rocks, near Tunbridge.
PTERYGONIUM SMITHII. — See LEPTODON SMITHII.
PTILIDIUM. — See JUNGERMANNIA CILIARIS.

RACOMITRIUM C AN ESCENS.— Sandy ground on heaths, &c. ; rare near

London. Enfield Chase (olim) ; Rusthall Common ; near Croydon (?)

olim ; Leith Hill.
RACOMITRIUM LANUGINOSUM. — Walls and rocks, &c., dry woods, and sandy

hilly places. Near Tunbridge Wells, rare.
RACOMITRIUM HETEROSTICHUM. — Rocks and walls, in dry places, rare.

High Rocks, Tunbridge Wells.
RADULA. — See JUNGERMANNIA COMPLANATA.
RHYNCOSTEGIUM. — See HYPNUM.
RicpARDiA. — See JUNGERMANNIA MULTIFIDA.
RICCIA CRYSTALLINA. — On banks, &c., probably common, but overlooked.

SARCOSCYPHUS.— See JUNGERMANNIA EMARGINATA.
SCAPANIA. — See JUNGERMANNIA NEMOROSA and UNDULATA.
SCHISTOSTEGA OSMUNDACEA. — Moist banks and sandstone caves, rare. In

the vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.
SCHISTOSTEGA PINNATA. — See preceding.
SCLEROPODIUM. — See HYPNUM ILLECEBRUM.
SELIGERIA CALCAREA. — Steep sides of chalk-pits, local. In the vicinity

of Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.

SPH^ERANGIUM MUTICUM. — Fallow fields, &c., not uncommon.
SPHAGNUM ACUTIFOLIUM. — Bogs and swamps, frequent. Hampstead

Heath ;* Esher Common ; slope E. of Winter Downs.*
SPHAGNUM CUSPIDATUM. — Deep peat bogs. A variety of the above, in

similar situations.

•SPHAGNUM CYMBIFOLIUM. — Bogs and swamps, the usual form. Every-
where in bogs ; Hampstead Heath,* Surrey heaths, &c.*
SPHAGNUM SQUARROSUM. — A mere variety; growing where there is

abundance of water. There is no squarrose variety of cymbifolium, &c.,

different to this, except in the imagination of species splitters ; other

varieties recorded in the books.
SPLACHNUM AMPULLACEUM. — On the dung of herbivorous animals, rare.

High part of Ashdown Forest, not far from Wych Cross, plentiful ; great

bog near Forest Row ; Leith Hill.
STEREODON. — See HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME.

TETRAPHIS PELLUCIDA.— On the ground ; generally on peat banks, rare.

Staines ; Ken Wood, by sides of carriage drive ; sandstone rocks about

Tunbridge Wells, abundant ; in the vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall, and

Shiere.

TETRAPHIS BROWNIANUM. — See TETRODONTIUM.
TETRODONTUM BROWNIANUM.— On gritty, sandy rocks, rare. Bridge

Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells.

94 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

THAMNIUM ALOPECURUM.— Moist, shady woods, and on rocks, rare. Leith

Hill • Harrow Weald (?) ollm ; wood, Box Hill.*
THUIDIUM TAMARISCINUM.- Woods and banks, common. Eppmg Forest,

Stanmore Heath,* Box Hill,* Darent Wood,* &c 4 f T> u A

THUIDIUM HYSTRICOSUM (a variety of tamariscinum).

THUimuM ABiETiNUM.-Dry banks in the chalk districts rare Slopes
of Box Hill ; Hog's Back ; Morant's Court Hill ; about Northfleet and

THUIDIUM DELICATULUM (a var. of tamariscinum). In the vicinity of

Dorking, Gomshall and Shiere.
TORTULA RURALis.-Walls, banks, and especially on thatched roofs,

common. At Cricklewood ;* Dorking ; in almost every country village

TORTULAllseuBULATA.-On banks, and about the i roots of trees, -frequent.

Hedgebank near Stroud ; Pinner;* Harrow Weald ;* by the M0le, near

Esher Mills :* roadside from Woking station to Guildford * &c
TORTULA MURALIS.— Walls, common. Everywhere about London;

Hampstead,* Tottenham,* Hammersmith,* &c.
TORTULA MABGINATA.-OR walls and on the ground, rare. In the vicinity

of Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.
TORTULA LATiFOLiA.-On trees, rare. In the vicinity of Dorking,

Gomshall, and Shiere ; Epping Forest* (?). rim-Vino-

TORTULA cuNEirOLiA.-Banks, rare (?). In the vicinity of Dorking,

Gomshall, and Shiere. . , ,

TORTULA UNGUICULATA.— On the ground, frequent, and on banks by the

roadside. Harrow Weald Common ;* near Colnev Hatch
TORTULA ALOIDES.— On clay banks, noi uncommon, but i

*a?S* -* on the .round. Near

Tov-O^ About Dorking, GomshaU, and Shiere

TORTULA FALLAX.- Walls, fields, stony ground, common. Ruislip ,

Harrow Weald Common.*
TRICHOCOLEA.— See JUNGERMANNIA TOMENTOSA.
TRICHOSTOMUM CRISPULUM.— On limestone rocks near the sea.

vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall, and Shiere.

ULOTA BRUCHII.— On trees, rare. In the vicinity of Dorking, Gomshall,

and Shiere. , 04.^^,,^

ULOTA CRiSPA.-On trees, common. Pinner Woods; Stroud

Godalming.
WEBERA NUTANS.— Wet places on heaths, common. Hampstead

wtt453SS*w*-H»«2s *™ *^-* Black

heath ; between Lee and Eltham ; about Dorkmg.
WEBERA ALBiCANS.-Moist, sandy ground not uncommon.
Heath ;* Gomshall ; Hampstead Heath ;* fetanmore Heath.

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 95

WEISSIA CONTROVERSA. — Pastures and fallow fields, frequent. Epping
Forest ;* and on a bank by the road to Chingford Mill, from Edmonton.*

WEISSIA CIRRHATA. — On old railings and thatched roofs, frequent. In
Roehampton Lane ;* roof at Cricklewood ;* Harrow, road to Harrow
Weald.*

ZYGODON VIRIDISSIMUS.— Trunks of trees, rare (?). Darent Wood ;*
woods about Tunbridge Wells.

MINOR CRYPTOGAMS: THALLOGENS,1
LICHENS.

LICHENS. — Rare in the immediate neighbourhood of London, but plentiful
in Epping Forest ; Wormley and Broxbourne woods ; Burnham Beeches
and other woodland parts ; Harrow Weald Common ; Surrey heaths,
&c. ; old stones near churchyards, &c. ; old walls.

The following are but a small portion of what may be found by collectors :

ARTHONIA ASTROIDE A .—Trunks of trees.
BOOMYCES RUFUS.— Rare, heaths.

CALYCIUM CURTUM, TRICHIALE.— Old trees and planks.

CLADOXIA COCCIFERA, CORNUTUS, FIMBRIATA, FURCATA, PYXIDATA,

RADIATA, RANGIFERA. SYLVATICA. — Heaths. Surrey, and Bucks ; Keston

Common ;* Harrow Weald Common ;* Pinner Wood.

EVERINA PRUNASTRL— Old trees and woods.
GRAPHIS STRICTA.— Trunks of trees.

LECIDIA. — Several species. Walls, heaths, bark of trees.

LECONORA SUBFUSCA and varieties. — Trees, old walls, &c. L. VITELLINA,

old palings.
LEPRARIA VIRIDIS, FLAVA, ALBA. — Trunks of trees.

OPEGRAPHIS ATRA, BETULINA.— Bark of trees.

1 The study of the minor Cryptogams, of this section of them especially, is difficult,
>wing to the chaos of nomenclature and terminology which obtains : a partial acquain-
tance with the subject is, however, indispensable to the student. Most of the typical
brms of British Lichens may be learned from the species indicated, and specimens of
?ungi should be collected which may illustrate the various ways in which the spores
are arranged ; as, for instance : —

1. Spores naked : — on plates, Agaricus ; on spines, Hydnum; in pores, Boletus; &c.

2. Spores free, enclosed in a sac :— Lycoperdon. Other forms, G easier, Phallus, &c.

3. Spores in spore- cases, exposed or immersed in the substance of the plant: —

Helvella, Tuber, &c.

A.S for the vast and formidable array of anomalous vegetable growths known as blights,
nildews, mould, oak-spangles, etc., they have no claim to be classed as fungals, what-
ever may be said for Clavaria, Sphaeria, Peziza, and other amorphous vegetations of
i membranous, horny, fleshy, and even gelatinous structure. For instructions as to the
>est method of preserving these minor Cryptogams, s.e 'Science Gossip,' September and
)ctober, 1872.

9(5 A NEW LONDON FLOE A.

PARHELIA —Several species on trunks of trees, palings, &c. P. SAXATILIS,

stones. P. PARIETINA, walls. P. PHYSODES, heaths.
PELTIGERA CANiNA.-On mossy banks. P. POLYDAGTYLA, moist places m

shndy woods. P. RUFUS, woods and banks.
PERTUSSARIA COMMUNIS, FALLAX.— Trunks of trees.
PHYSIA STELLATA, PARIETINA, ciTRiNELLA.-Old palings, roof, o

houses, &c.

PLACODIUM MURORUM.— Gravestones.
PSORA OSTREATA.— On old palings.

RAMALINA CALICARIS, POLYMORPHA, and varieties. — On trees and
hedges.

STIGNALIDIUM CRASSUM. Bark of trees.
SCYPHOPHORUS PYX. — See CLADONIA (?).
SPH^ERIA DISCIFORMIS.— Hampstead Heath.
SPILOMA MURALE.— Walls.
SQUAMARIA MURORUM.— Walls.
STICTA PULMONARIA.— Woods.

VARTOT 4.RIA VITILIGO, DISCOIDEA, &c. Old posts and pales.
™clRiA GEMMATA.-Trunks of trees. V.MURALis, V. MUTABILIS,

walls &c.

FUNGI.

Most of the species detailed below are important, either for their edible
or for their poisonous qualities. A full list of what may be f™*™^™
a t n-mTle radius north of London is given, on the authority of Mr. Worth-
tagton Smith, by Messrs. Trimen and Dyer, in an appendix to their
of Middlesex.'

AGARICUS jERUGINOSUS.-Stumps of trees (Hampstead Heath).
AGARICUS ARVENSIS.— Pastures.
AGARICUS AURANTIUS.— Epping Forest.
AGARICUS BULBOSUS.— Epping Forest
AGARICUS CAMPANULATUS.— Epping Forest.
AGARICUS CAMPESTRIS.— Pastures.
AGARICUS CARNOSUS.— Hampstead Heath.
AGARICUS CRUSTULINIFORMIS.— Woods.
AGARICUS DEALBATUS.— About Fir plantations.
AGARICUS EQUESTRIS.

AGARICUS FASCICULARIS.— Old stumps of trees.
AGARICUS FLOCCOSUS.— Charlton Wood.
AGARICUS FRAGILIS.— About New River.
AGARICUS GAMBOSUS.— Lanes and pastures.
AGARICUS GLUTINOSUS.— About New River.
AGARICUS INTEGER.
AGARICUS LACTIFERUS.— Charlton Wood.

II. CRYPTOGAMS. 97

AGARICUS LATERALIS.— Epping Forest.

AGARICUS MUSCARIUS.— Birch "woods; 'Highgate Woods.

AGARICUS NEBULARIS.— Rare. Borders of woods.

AGARICUS OSTREATUS.— Trunks of Elms, &c.

AGARICUS PERSONATUS.— Rare, (pastures near Highbury, oftro)

AGARICUS PHALLOIDES.— Woods.

AGARICUS PIPERATUS.— Charlton Wood.

AGARICUS PRUNULUS.— Woods (N. of London).

AGARICUS RUBESCENS.— Woods.

AGARICUS SEPARATUS.

AGARICUS SINUATUS.— Woods (N. of London).

AGARICUS SEMIGLOBATUS.— Pastures, &c.

AGARICUS SILVICOLA.— Woods (Highgate).

AGARICUS SUBLATERITIUS.— Woods, on stumps.

AGARICUS SULFUREUS. —Shady places (S. of London)

AGARICUS UMBELLIFERUS.— Epping Forest.

AGARICUS VAGINATUS.— Pastures.

AGARICUS VERNUS. — Woods, rare.

AGARICUS viscosus.— Hampstead' Heath.

AGARICUS VIOLACEUS.— Woods.

AGARICUS VISCIDUS.— About New River.

BOLETUS ^STIVALIS.-Woods (Highgate).

BOLETUS BOVINUS.— Highgate woods.

BOLETUS EDULIS.— Woods.

BOLETUS FELLEUS.— Woods (Epping Forest).

BOLETUS IGNARIUS.- Woods (Wimbledon), and on Willows

BOLETUS LURIDUS.— Woods, common.

BOLETUS PIPERATUS. — Woods, rare.

BOLETUS SQUAMOSUS.— Hackney.

BOLETUS SUBEROSUS.— Clapton.

BOLETUS SUBTOMENTOSUS.— Woods (Esher).

CANTHARELLUS CIBARIUS.- Woods (Epping Forest)
CLAVARIA HYPOXYLON.— Woods (Wimbledon), and on Willows
CLAVARIA RUGOSA.— Woods, common.
CLAVARIA VERMICULATA.— -Waysides and pastures.

COPRINUS ATRAMENTARIUS.— Old stumps, &c.

COPRINUS COMATUS.— Pastures (in the parks)'

COPRINUS PICACEUS.— Rare.

CORTINARIUS VIOLACEUS.— Open places in woods,

FISTULINA HEPATICA.-Trunks of Oak-trees in woods
'UtfGus CAMPANIFORMIS.— Chipping Ongar.

HELVELLA CRISPA.-Shady places ; rare near London

HYDNUM iMBRiCATUM.-About the Ravensbourne : wood near Tottenham

HYDNUM BEPANDUM.— Woods (N. of London)

HYGROPHORUS GONicus.— Pastures and roadsides.

98 A NEW LONDON FLORA.

HYGROPHORUS VIRGINEUS. — Lawns and pastures.
HYGROPHORUS PSITTACINUS. — Rich pastures.

LACTUCARIUS ACRIS.— Woods.

LACTUCARIUS DELICIOSUS. — Fir plantations.

LACTUCARIUS PIPERATUS. — Woods, common.

LACTUCARIUS PYROGALUS. — Woods and meadows.

LACTUCARIUS RUFUS. — Fir woods.

LACTUCARIUS THEIOGALUS. — Woods (Hampstead).

LACTUCARIUS TORMINOSUS. — Woods, &c., not common.

LYCOPERDON GIGANTEUM.— Meadows (near Hampstead and Highgate).

LYCOPERDON PEDUNCULATUM (Hackney).

LYCOPERDON STELLATUM (Hackney).

MARASMIUS OREADES.— Pastures and roadsides.
MARASMIUS URENS. — In similar situations.

MORCHELLA ESCULENTA. — Rare.

PANUS STYPTICUS.— Old trees and stumps. In woods,

PEZIZA CORNUCOPOIDES. — About New River.

PEZIZA CYATHOIDES.

PEZIZA LENTIFERA. — Hackney.

PEZIZA PUNCTATA.

PHALLUS ESCULENTUS. — Wood near Dartford.

PHALLUS IMPUDICUS. — Woods, common (Hackney).

RUSSULA ALUTACEA.— Woods.
RUSSULA EMETICA. — Woods. In damp places.
RUSSULA FCETENS. — Common.
RUSSULA HETEROPHYLLA. — Woods.
RUSSULA SANGUINEA. — Woods, frequent.

TREMELLA GRANULATA.— Hackney ?
TREMELLA PURPUREA. — Hackney ?
TUBER ^ESTIVUM. — Under trees.

UREDO EFFUSA.— Hampstead Heath.

ALG^E.

ULVA COMPRESSA, INCRASSATA.
ULVA CRISPA. — Under walls.
ULVA LACTUCA. — Ditches.

At Southend other Algae may probably be found washed up by the
tides : Fucus vesiculosus, serratus, palmatus ; Laminaria digitata ; Ploca-
mium coccineum, &c.

NOTES, ON THE AUTHOKITY OF THE ' CYBELE
BKITANNICA,' AND COMPENDIUM THEEETO.

ADONIS AUTUMNALIS ; imperfectly established.

Alisma natans ; localities need verification.

Alopecurus bulbosus ; a state, perhaps, of A. geniculatus.

Asparagus officinalis ; often only a garden waif.

Asperugo procumbens ; misreported, or extinct in many places.

A triplex arenaria and Babingtonia ; confused, formerly, with each other.

Atriplex erecta ; scarcely separable from A. angustifolia.

BARBAREA ARGUATA ; an ambiguity.
Brassica Napus ; no certain record.
Brassica Rapa ; always a waif.
Bromus secalinus ; localities uncertain.

Bronius commutatus and racemosus ; little or no difference, and confused
with B. mottis and B. secalinus.

CALAMINTHA NEPETA ; confused with the aggregate C. officinalis.

Callitriche verna ; other species confused with it.

Callitriche platycarpa ; localities insufficiently recorded.

Callitriche hamulata ; pedunculata ; misnamed for (7. autumnalis.

Callitriche autumnalis ; confused with the preceding.

Campanula patula ; sometimes confused with C. Rapunculus.

Campanula Rapunculus ; of uncertain occurrence in most of the reported

localities.

Campanula latifolia ; confounded in the records with C. Trachelium.
Cardans Marianus ; a garden escape.
Carex bcenninghauseniana ; a most unsatisfactory species ; some examples

approximating to C. axillaris, others to depauperised C. paniculata.
Carex (Ederi ; reports of occurrence included with C. flava.
Carex lavigata ; confused with C. binervis.
Ceratophyllum aquaticum (agg.) ; respective localities of the two species

imperfectly separable.
Cicuta virosa ; many erroneous records.
Convallaria majalis ; introduced in some of its localities.
Crepis bienm's and C. taraxacifolia have been confused together.

H 2

100 A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Cuscuta europsea ; much confused with the other species.
Cynoglossum montanum ; misrecords occur, from C. officinak being mistaken
for it.

DAPHNE MEZEREUM ; a garden escape in many places ; difficult to decide

where native.
Doronicum Pardalianches ; records partly errors.

ELYMUS ARENARIUS ; confused with Ammophila (Psamma).
Epilobium roseum ; often overlooked or misnamed.
Epilobium obscurum ; more frequent than E. tetrapterum.

FESTUCA ELATIOR; confused with F. pratensis.

Festuca rubra ,* confused with the variety duriuscula and with F. ovina.
Filago apiculata and spathulata ; distribution imperfectly known.
Fmgaria elatior ; records partly errors ; other garden stragglers reported

under this name.
Fumaria capreolata (agg.) ; no separate record of segregates.

GALIUM ANGLICUM ; many doubtful localities on the records.

HABENARIA BIFOLIA and cUlorantha ; localities much confused.

Helianthemum surrejanum ; extinct except in gardens.

Helleborus foetidus ; a doubtful native.

Helleborus viridis ; frequently a garden escape.

Herminium Monorchis ; extinct or mistaken in several counties.

Hesperis matronalis ; nowhere permanent ; a garden waif.

Hypericum tetrapterwn ; segregates confused by false naming.

IMPATIENS NOLI-ME-TANGERE ; localities misreported, but may be native.
JUNCUS DIFFUSUS ; a dubious species, usually, or always, infertile.
AGROSTIDEA ; extinct in Essex.

LAMIUM INCISUM ; often confounded with L. purpureum.

Lotus tennis ; habitats, apart from L. corniculatiis, insufficiently reported.

Luzula multiflora ; confused in the books with L. campestris.

MARRUBIUM VULGARE ; often a casual.
Mentha piperita ; distribution uncertain.
Myosotis ccespitosa ; much confused with M. palustris.
Myriophyllum alternifolium, and M. spicatum ; confused with one another ;
localities of the former not fully established.

NARCISSUS PSEUDO-NARCISSUS; several recorded localities belong to N.

major escaped from gardens.
Nephrodium dllatatum ; strangely confused with N. spinulosum.

CENANTiiE PIMPINELLOIDES ; many false localities on record.

SUPPLEMENT TO INDEX. 101

(Enanthe Lachenalii; named (E. pimpinelloides in old books.

(Enanthe silaifolia ; many false localities.

(Enanthe fluviatilis ; not distinguished from 0. Phellandrium by the foreign

botanists.

Onobrychis sativa ; native on the chalk.
Onopordum Acanthium ; often a casual or alien.
Ophrys aranifera ; apparently decreasing (not seen near London).
Orchis militaris^ Simia, and purpurea ; localities of these much confused.
Orchis hircina ; very rare.
Orobanche elatior ; several localities erroneous.

PEUCEDANUM OFFICJNALE ; (Enanthe Lachenalii mistaken for it occasion-
ally.

Pinus sylvestris ; nowhere truly wild but in the Highlands.

Polygonatum multiflorum ; difficult to decide where truly native.

Potamogeton heterophyllus ; confused with P. obiusifolius, natans, and
polt/gonifolius.

Potamogeton natans ; often confused with the preceding.

Potamogeton polygonifolius ; often mislabelled P. natans.

Polygonum mite ; allied' to P. Persicaria, but has been confused with P.
minus.

Polystichum aculeatum and var. lobatum ; confused with P. angulare.

Populus alba ; impossible to fix its native area.

ROSA RUBIGINOSA ; true and false localities inextricably confused.
Rubus (fruticosus) ; distribution that of a name only, as regards its
segregate forms.

SALVIA PRATENSIS ; many erroneous localities (extinct at Cobham ?).

Scirpus sylvaticus ; occasionally mistaken for S. carinatus.

Scirpus multicaulis ; partly confused with S. uniglumis.

Scirpus ccBSpitosus ; occasionally mislabelled S. pauciflorus.

Scirpus carinatus ; an unsatisfactory species ; localities confused with those

of S. triqueter and S. glaucus.
Sclerochloa Borreri ; an unsatisfactory species.
Scrophularia Ehrhardti, and Balbisii ; confused under the common name of

S. aquatica.

Senecio viscosus ; localities decreasing.
Silene quinquevulnera ; a casual.
Sisymbrium Trio ; localities uncertain.
Sonchus palustris ; erroneously reported through misnamers for /S'.

arvensis.

Sonchus oleraceus ; S. asper often confused with this.
Stachys ambigua ; name often misapplied to S. palustris.
Statice bahusiensis ; doubtfully, sufficiently, or permanently distinct from

S. Limonium.

TARAXACUM PALUSTRE ; not always distinguished from T. officinale.
Trifolium ochroleucum ; many localities need verification.

102 A NEW LONDON FLOE A.

ULEX NANUS ; distribution ill-ascertained.
Utricularia intermedia; several false localities.
Utricularia minor ; often mislabelled U. intermedia.

VALERIANELLA AURICULA ; perhaps often overlooked.

Verbascum pulverulentum ; V. nigrum and V. Lyclmitis have been

mistaken for it in some counties.
Verbascum Blattaria ; often temporary.
Verbascum virgatum ; mostly a casual.
Vinca minor ; in Britain usually a stray from gardens.
Viola calcarea ; a dwarf state of V. hirta.
Viola permixta; inconveniently intermediate between V. hirta and V.

odorata.
Viola sylvatica ; the var. Eiviana. the usual representative of V. canina ;

old records refer to this only.

( 103 )

LOCALITIES.

1. HAMPSTEAD HEATH.

A road from Hampstead to Highgate, which leads along the crest of the
northern heights, separates what is called East Heath from West Heath,
Height of the ridge, over 400 feet ; subsoil, sand. East Heath is a grassy
common, with a pond above, and some reservoirs at the lower part of it.
West Heath slopes to the north-west, and is divided by a road through
North End to Hendon, into two portions. The sand which caps the for-
mation is most apparent in the section nearest Highgate, and here the
ground is much broken into pits and hillocks. In the hollow of the
further slope is a bog, which drains into a pool below. Much Bracken
here, with a few white- and black-thorns.

* Achillas Ptarraica.

*Aira prsecox; *caryophyilea ; *ca?spi-
tosa; *flexuosa.

*Alisma Plantago (ponds).

*Anemone nemorosy (among the Fern).

*Anthemis nobilis.

*Arenaria rubra.

*Ballota nigra (Frognal road, etc.).

*Bartsia Odontites (lane leading to For-
tune Green).

*Bunium flexuosum (lower part).

*Calluna vulgarly.

*Caltha palustris.

*Campanula rotundifolia.

*Carduus palustris.

*C.irex flava ; *ovalis ; *panicea ; *pilu-
lifera ; *stellulata ; *vulgaris.

*Draba vernalis (walls about).

*Drosera rotundifolia (bog).

*Elodia canadensis (pond).

*Epilobium monranum.

*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.

*Eriophorum angustifolium.

*Euonymus europaeus (lane leading to
Fortune Green. One tree).

*Festuca ovina.

*Galium saxatile ; *uliginosum.

*Genista anglica,

*Glyceria fluitans (in water-holes).

*Hieracium Pilosella; *vulgatuiu; *um-
bellatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Hypericum pulchrum.

*Hypochoeris radicata.

*Jasioue montana.

*Juncus obtusiflorus ; *bufonius; *uligi-
nosus ; *acutiflorus (in a pond, right of
lane leading to Fortune Green ; a tuft
or two).

*Lactuca muralis (wall by the 'Span-
iards ').

*Leontodon hirtus ; *autumnalis.

*Linaria Cymbalaria (walls near).

*Lotus major; *corniculatus.

*Lnzula campestris ; pilosa.

*Lychnis Flo--cuculi (in the bog).

*Menyanthes trifoliata (bog).

*Molinia caerulea.

*Montia fi-ntana.

*Nardus stricta.

"Nasturtium officinale ; *terrestre (banks
of pool, right of the lane leading to
Fortune Green).

*0nonis spinosa (East Heath, near the
lower reservoirs, and North End).

*()rnithopus perpusillus.

*0xalis Acetosella.

*Pedicularis sylvostris ; *pnlustris.

*Polygonum Hydropiper (in holes).

*Potentilla Fragariastrum ; *reptans ;
*TormentIlla.

*Pyrus Malus.

*Ranunculus Flammula ; *hederaceus.

*Rumex Acetosella.

*Sagina procumbens ; *ap9tala (walls
about).

*Salix repens; *fragilis (the latter are
probably all planted trees).

*Sarothanmus scoparius.

*Saxifraga tridactylites (walls).

104

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*3cabiosa succisa.

*Scilla nutans (among the Fern).

•Scirpus palustris; *setaceus.

*Scutellaria minor (about the pond).

*Senebiera Coronopus.

*3enecio Jacobaea.

*Serratula tinctoria (among the Fern).

*Solanum nigruni (lanes about).

*Solidago Virgaurea (among the Fern).

*3tachys sylvestris (ditch below).

*Stellaria uliginosa (bog).

* Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Triodia decumbens.
*Ulex europasus.

*Vaccinium Myrtillus (near the Fir-trees

by the « Spaniards ').
*\ricia Cracca (near the ' Spaniards ').

* Viola sylrestris ; *palustris.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Asplenium Ruta-rnuraria (wall near

Highgate).

*Aulocomnion palustre (bog).
*Bartramia fontana (a tuft or two, upper

part of the bog).

*Bryum caespitium ; *atro-purpureum.
Oampylopus torfaceus (scarce).
*Ceratodon pnrpureus.
*Chara vulgaris (pond right of lane leading

to Fortune Green).
*Dicranella cerviculata ; heteromalla.
*Dicranum scoparium.
*Equisetum arvense ; *limosum ; *pa-

lustre.

*Fissidens bryoides (sides of ditch below).
*Hypnum cuspidatum ; *cordi folium ;

*confertum ; *cupressiforme (also a

white-leaved variety of this); *fluitans ;

*denticulatum ; *populeum ;* ruta-

bulum ; *stramineum (a tuft or two in

the bog);* mui'ale ; *velutinum.
*Jungermannia connivens ; *crenulata ;

*turbinata ; scalar is ; *Trichomanes ;

*multifida ; *bicuspidata ; *hrtero-

phylla.

*Mnium hornum (sides of ditch below).
*Pleuvidium subulatum.
*Polytrichum commune; *piliferum.
*Pottia truncata (lane leading to Fortune

Green).

*Pteris aquilina (abundant).
*Sphagrium cymbitblium ; acutifolium.

APPENDIX.

*Bunium flexnosum ; *Melampyrum pra-

tense (Highgate wood).
Herniaria hirsuta ? (fields near Colney

Hatch, oiirrt).
*Lathyrus Nissolia (roadside Finchley

road, a mile or so from North End).
*.vi ercurialis annua (gardens &c., at

Child's Hill).
Polygonum Bistorta (borders of Bishop's

wood, below; and in the meadow, now-
rare).
Populus trenmla ; Chrysospleninrn op-

positifolium (Bishop's wood, enclosed).
*Rhinatithus Crista-Galli (meadows near

North End).
Senebiera didyma (between Southgate

and Colney Hatch, by the roadside).
Smilacina bifolia ; Caen wood (enclosed)
Stachys arvensis (cornu'eld in the wood,

formerly).

2. BARNES COMMON.

The Thames, in its course of three or four miles from Mortlake to
Putney, makes a considerable curve, and the loop of land thus enclosed,
constitutes, in a great degree, the suburban district of Barnes. The com-
mon is situated at the base of the peninsula, and is an open level space
more or less covered with Furze, Broom, Briars, Bracken, and Heath ; with
a gravelly subsoil, and a pool or two of water. It is crossed by roads, and
by a branch of the South-Western Railway. On its northern limits is a
Jitch, and a narrow strip of marshy pasturage. There are two mortuary
chapels upon it, with their respective cemeteries ; besides two or three
recently erected buildings with their enclosures. Distance : one mile
from Hammersmith Bridge ; by the roadside, Nasturtium sylvestre, abun-
dant ; adjoining cultivated land, Fumaria officinalis, &c.

*Anthemis nobilis.

ON THE COMMON. *Arenarla rubra.

* •• Acorns Calamus. *Campanula rotundifolia.

*Aira flexuosa; *praecox. *Carex pilulifera; *flava; *hirfa ; *vul-

*Alchemilla arvensis. garis ; *Pseudo-cyperus (ditch).

LOCALITIES.

105

*Centaurea Calcitrapa (towards Putney).

*Dipsacus sylvestris.

*Kpilobiurn hirsutum.

*Erodium cicutarium.

*Erysimum cheiranthoides (near Mort-
lake).

*Galium verum ; *saxatile ; *palustre ;
*uliginosum.

*Genista anglica.

*Glyceria aquatica.

*Helosciadium nodiflorum ; *inundatum.

*Hieracium vulgatum; *Pilosella.

*Holcusmollis; *lanatus.

*Hydrocharis Morsus-ranse.

*Jasione montana.

*Juncus lamprocarpus, &c.

*Leontodon hirtus; *hispidus ; *autum-
nalis.

*Lotus corniculatus ; *major.

*Lythrum Salicaria.

*Medicago maculata.

*Moenchia erecta.

*Montia fontana.

*Nasturtium sylvestre; *amphibiura.

*CEnanthe fistulosa.

*0nonis spiiiosa.

*0rnithopus perpusillus.

*Pedicularis sylvestris.

*Polygala vulgaris.

*Potentilla Tormentilla.

*Ranunculus Flammula.

*Rosa spinosissima (a few shrubs near

some newly-built houses1).
*Rumex flydrolapatha.
*Salix repens.

*Scleranthus annuus (a few plants).
*Senecio sylvestris.
*Spiraia Ulmaria.
*Teesdalianudicaulis (left of road to Koe-

hampton).

*rhymus Serpyllum.
*rrifolium subterraneum ; filiforme.

MEADOWS NEAR THE COMMON.
*Populus nigra, £

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnion palustris.
*Bartramia fontana (a patch or two).
*Bryum ca?spitosum.
Campylopus torfaceus, &c.

3. BANKS OF THE THAMES FROM PUTNEY TO KEW.

A towing and footpath leads along the banks of the river on the Surrey
side. The Thames hereabouts is within full tidal influence, and the rise
and fall is considerable ; however, the brackish water has no injurious
effect upon the fresh-water vegetation. On the Middlesex side the lands
are all enclosed.

BY THE RIVER-SIDE AND BORDERING

DITCHES.

*Angelica sylvestris.
*Barbarea vulgaris.
*Bromus racemosus.
*Caltha palustris.
*Carex riparia; *paludosa; *acuta (this

in a marshy enclosure near Putney).
*ChaerophyUum Anthriscus; *sylvestre.
*l)igraphis arundinacea.
*Epilobium hirsutum.
*Geranium pratense (Osier holts beyond

Mortlake2).
*Geranium pyrenaicum (railway bank

near Mortlake).
*Glyceria aquatica.
*Helosciadium nodiflorum.
*Humulus Lupulus (incidental).
*Iris Pseudacorus.

*LepidInmDraba (a patch of this near the

factory 3).

*Ly thrum Salicaria.
*Melilotus officinalis.
*. VI yosotis palustris.
•Nasturtium officinale ; *sylvestre ; *am-

phibium; *terrestre.
*(Enanthe crocata (plentiful).
*Papaver dubium (walls, Mortlake).
*Parietaria diifusa (walls, Mortlake).
*Populus nigra, 9
*Petasites vulgaris.
*Rariunculus Ficaria.
*S«lix fragilis; *alba; *triandra; *vimi-

nalis; *cinerea.
*Sambucus nigra.
*Scrophularia Balbisii (aquatica).
*Sium lati folium (one old root).
*Spiraea Ulmaria.
*Symphytum officinale.

1 On remains of what was once a hedgebank, where it was probably planted

2 These holts have been converted into market gardens, but the bordering ditch P*
may be still productive.

3 ? From teed washed up from the coast <5f Thanet, where the plant is extremelv
common.

106

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Tanacetum vulgare.
*Valpriana officinalis.
*Veronica Anagallis.

*Leskea polycarpa (old posts and stumps
near Kew).

ROADSIDE BETWEEN BARNES AND KEW.

*jEgopodium Podagraria (about Mort-
lake).

*Anthriscus vulgaris.

*Lychnis vespertina.

*. \ledicago macula ta (banks of the re-
servoir).

*Potentilla argentea (banks of the re-
servoir, scarce).

*Sedum acre (banks of the reservoir).

*Silene inflata (banks of the reservoir).

*Trifolium filiforme (banks of the re-
servoir).

*Tussilago Farfara (banks of the re-
servoir).

*Valerianella olitoria (banks of the
reservoir).

*Viola odorata (hedges towards Kew).

*Scirpus lacustris ; *maritimus ; *palus-
tris : (cultivated lands between Mort-
lake and Sheen), *^Ethusa Cynapiura ;
*Papaver Khoeas ; *Fumaria officinalis ;
muralis (capr. agg.).

4. PUTNEY HEATH AND WIMBLEDON COMMON

Are continuous with each other, and form a somewhat elevated and ex-
tensive plateau. The heath is crossed by the road from Wandsworth to
Kingston. The common has been converted into a rifle-practising ground ;
but the slope westwards is covered with scrub of stunted Oak, Hazel,
Birch, and Sallows, intertangled with tall Furze, and broken by three or
four ravines ; the valley below is traversed by a sluggish brook. The most
considerable of these ravines fronts a windmill. A drain has been recently
cut through it, to the prejudice of its flora ; to some extent, at least. At
the further extremity of the plateau is an ancient entrenchment ; near
this, Coombe Wood, enclosed. On Putney Heath are several buildings of
recent construction, but much scrub is still standing ; Furze, Briar, Honey-
suckle, Heath, and Bracken ; with scattered Birch, Elm, and White-thorn.
Near Roehampton are some pools, and tracts of marshy ground, sandpits,
&c. ; subsoil, gravel.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

*Alisma Plantago ; *ranunculoides.

*Anthemis nobilis.

*Bunium flexuosum.

*Caltha palustris.

*Carduus pratensis.

*Carex panicea ; *glauca ; *hirta ; *vul-
garis; *disticha (ravine); *teretius-
cula (ravine); *ovalis; *stellulata;
*binervis; *flava; *remota; *stricta
(one patch, Putney Heath); *pilulifera.
Claytouia perfoliata (turf bank near the
mill).

*Cusciita Epithymum.

*Drosera rotundifolia.

*Epilobium montanum ; *tetragonum ;
*hirsutum ; palustre.

*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.

*Eriophoron angustifolium.

*Euonymus europaeus.

*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Filago minima (gravelly places).

*Galium Mollugo ; *palustre ; *uliginosuin.

*Genista anglica.

*Hieracium vulgatum ; *Pilosella ; *um-
bellatum.

*Hypericum perforatum ; *pulchrum ; hu-
mifusum ; *quadrangulare.

*lnula dysenterica.

*Juncus obtusifolins ; *lamprocarpus ;
*squarrosus; *supinus; *bufonius.

*Lysimachia nemorum.

*Ly thrum Salicaria.

*Medicago maculata (gravel pits).

*Menyanthes trifoliata (ravine).

*Molinia caarulea.

*Myosotis arvensis; *palustris; *collina;
*versicolor.

*Narthecium ossifragum (near Roehamp-
ton).

*(Enanthe fistutosa.

*Orchis latifolia (further ravine).

*Peplis Portula.

*Potamogeton natans; polygonifolius.

*Rhamnus Frangula.

*Rosa stylosa.

Rubus suberectus ; *rhamnifolius ; *
nifolius; rudis; rosaceus; *glandulosu

LOCALITIES.

107

*Sagittaria sagittifolia (by the stream).
*Salix repens; *Caprea; *aurita; *cinerea

(by the stream).
*Scirpus fluitans ; *setaceus.
*Scutellaria minor.
*Serratula tinctoria.
*3onchus arvensis (by the stream).
*Sparganium simplex (by the stream).
*Spirasa Ulmaria (by the stream).
*Stellaria uliginosa.
*Triodea decumbens.
*Valeriana dioica (ravine).
*\reronica scutelluta.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Bartramia fontana (ravine).

*l)icranella cerviculata.

*Hypnum stellatum (a patch or two);

*cordifolium (scarce).
*Marchantia polymorpha.
*Mnium punctatum (ravine).
*Polytrichum commune.
*Sphagnuni obtusifolium.
* Webera albicans ; *nutans.
*Weissia cirrhata (old railings, Roehamp-

ton Lane).

APPENDIX.
*Carduus palustris (Coombe Wood).

*Carex sylvatica (Coombe Wood).
* Digitalis purpurea (Coombe Wood).
*Nephrodium Filix-mas (Coombe Wood).
*Primula vulgaris (Coombe Wood).
*Scilla nutans; also with white variety

(Coombe Wood).

*Brachypodium sylvaticum (borders).
*I)aucus Carota (borders).
*Chenopodium olidum (Putney bottom by

the roadside, and in waste places).
*Erysimum cheiranthoides (Putney bot-
tom by the roadside, and in waste

places).
*Euphorbia Helioscopia (Putney bottom

by the roadside, and in waste places).
*Thlaspi arvense (Putney bottom by the

roadside, and in waste places).
*Verbena officinalis (Putney bottom by

the roadside, arid in waste places).
*Carex prsecox (Richmond Park).
*Corydalis claviculata (hedgebank beyond

old camp).
*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli (meadow below

the mill).

Anemone apennina (Wimbledon Park).
Ornithogalum umbellatum (Wimbledon

Park).
Symphytum tuberosum (Wimbledon

Park).
Tulipa sylvestris ? (Wimbledon Park).

5. LANES AND ROADSIDES ABOUT HENDON, NEASDON, AND
KINGSBURY.

These suburban localities are situated in the hollow, drained by the
Brent ; an offshoot, as it were, of the great basin of the Thames. The
subsoil, clay ; or at a greater or less depth, gravel drift, resting upon clay.
The lands are mostly meadow. To the northwards are the heights of
Stanmore and Harrow Weald. South is the Hampstead and Highgate
ridge. Near Neasdon a dam has been built across the Brent, and a tract
of low-lying land above it converted into an extensive lake. In the shady
lanes hereabouts, and by the banks of this sluggish stream, the under-
mentioned plants may be procured.

*^Ethusa Cynapium.

*Aira cajspitosa.

*Agrimonia Eupatoria.

*Ajuga reptans,

*Allium ursinum.

*Arum maculatum.

* A vena flavescens ; *elatior.

*Ballota nigra.

*Bartsia Odontites.

*Bidens cernua ; tripartita.

*Bromusasper; *racemosus.

*Carex remota ; *hirta ; *vulpina ; *di-

vulsa; *panicea.

' *Chaeropbyilum Anthriscus; temulentum.
*Conium maculatum (hollow below the

railway-bridge between Willesden and
Neasdon ; old disused lane between
Kingsbury and Stanmore Marsh).

*Cynosurus cristata (Hendon, plenty).

*Epilobium montanum.

*Fraxinus excelsior (roadsides). ,

*(.raleopsis Tetrahit.

*Gralium Aparine.

*Geranium molle ; pusillum ; Rober-
tianum.

*Heracleum Sphondylium.

*Hottonia palustris (in some pools near
the reservoir, near Woodford House).

*Hypericum perforatum.

*Inula dysenterica.

108

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

*Juncus glaucus, &c.

^Lactuca virosa (plentiful about the rail-

i way-bridge near Neasdon ; also in lane

leading from Neasdon to the Edgware

Road).

*Lapsana communis.
*Lathyrus pratensis.
*Linaria vulgaris.

* Lychnis Githago; *diurna.
*Medicago lupulina (railway banks).
*Melica uniflora (near Hendon).
*Mentha hirsuta; *sativa.

* Mercurial is perennis.
*Milium effusum (Brondesbury).
Nasturtium sylvestre (Edgware Road by

tlie reservoir, plentiful).

*Nuphar hit pa (in the Brent).

*CErianthe silaifolia (in the ponds north of
the reservoir ; near Woodford House).

*Pimpinella Saxifraga.

*Polygonum Hydropiper; amphibium.

*Pyrus Malus.

*Ranunculus bulbosus (meadows) ; *auri-
comus (lanes, Kingsbury).

*Rhamnus catharticus (by the Brent).

*Rosa arvensis; gystyla; canina.

*Salix Caprea ; *cinerea ; *fragilis ; *vimi-
nalis.

*Scilla nutans (near Whitchurch espe-
cially, and Woodford House).

*Scirpus palustris ; sylvaticus (Brent).

*Scrophularia Balbisii ; nodosa.

*Silaus pratensis.

*Sison Amomurn (Brondesbury, plenty).

*Solanum nigrum.

*Stachys sylvestris.

*Stellaria Holostea; graminea.

*Torilis Anthriscus.

*Trifolium fragiferuin (Edgware road-
side).

*Triticum caninum, with other common
grasses.

*Uimus suberosus (roadsides).

* Veronica Chamaedrys; *officinalis; hede-
rifolia.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Anomodon viticulosus (stump of a tree,

Kingsbury Lane).
*Dicranum bryoides (Hole Lane).
*Equisetum limosum (ponds near the

^reservoir)

*Fissidens taxifolius (Hole Lane).
*Homalia trichomanes (Hole Lane).
*Hypnum tiliciaum (Hole Lane).
*Hypnum populeum; *velutinum; *cu-

pressiforme (Kingsbury Lane).
*Hypnum serpens, &c. ; *speciosuin [var.

of pradonjium] (stone wall of a small

drain near Neasdon).
*Jungermannia complanata; *bidentata,

&c. (Hole Lane).
*Mnium undulatum (Hole Lane, plenty,

but not fruiting).

*l'ottia truncata (hedgebanks), &c., &c.
*Tortula ruralis (thatch at Cricklewood).
*Weissia cirrhata (thutch at Cricklewood).

6. WILLESDEN : BANKS OF THE BRENT, AND PADDINGTON
CANAL.

Situated in the basin of the Thames, with a deep gravelly subsoil, resting
upon clay ; water drainage to the Brent stream ; pasturage, the prevailing
agricultural characteristic ; a corn or fodder-field, occasionally only ;
country level or nearly so.

*Achillea Ptarmica; Millefolium.

*Agrimonia Eupatoria.

*AlismaPlantago.

*Ballotanigra.

*Bartsia Odontites.

*Bidens cernua.

*Brachypodiurn sylvaticum (lane).

*Butomus umbellatus.

*Jarduus arvensis; *crispus; lanceolatus.

*Carex vulpina; *riparia; *teretiuscula

(one hassock of this in canal above

Willesden).
*Centaurea Jacea; *Cyanus (in cornfield,

scarce).

*Cba3rophy11um Anthriscus; *sylvestre.
*Chenopodium olidum (by the railway

bridge, Harrow Road).
*l)auc.is Carota.

*Erodium cicutarium.

*Euonymus europgeus (hedge, Acton

Road).

*Galeopsis Tetrahit.
*Geranium pusillum ; *Robertianum.
*Geum urbanum.
*Helminthia echioides.
*Helosciadium nodosum.
*Hieracium Pilosella.
*Hydrocharis Morsus-rana3 (canal).
*Hypochoeris radicata.
*inula dysenterica.
*Juncus communis ; *glaucus.
*Lactuca virosa (plentiful by the railv

bridge, Acton road).
*Leontodon hispidus ; *autumnalis,
*Linaria vulgaris.
*..ychnis Githago.

LOCALITIES.

109

*Lycopus europams.

*Lysimachia vulgaris; Nummulavia (by
the Brent, scarce).

*Mentha hirsuta.

*Myosotis arvensis.

*ISfymph8ea alba; lutea (in the Brent).

*0nonis spinosa.

*Phragmites communis (ditch by a corn-
field).

*Pimpinella Saxifraga.

*Potamogeton crispu* ; *pusillus ; *pecti-
natus.

*Prunella vulgaris.

* Reseda luteola.

*Rosa arvensis ; canina.

*Sagittaria sagittifolia (in the Brent).

*Scabiosa succisa.

*Scirpus sylvaticus.

*Scutellaria galericulata.

*Silaus pratensis.

*Sinapis alba ; arvensis.

*Sison Amomum (railway-bridge, Acton
road).

*Solanum nigrnni ; *Dulcamara.

*Sonchus arvensis (cornfield, Willesden).

*Sparganium ramosum ; *simplox.

*Spirasa Ulmaria.

*Stachys palustris ; *sylvestris.

*Stellaria Holostea ; *graminea.

*Thlaspi arvense (cornfield, Willesden).

*Trifolium procumbens.

*Tussilago Farfara.

*Veroriica Buxbaumii (cornfield, Willes-
den).

*Vicia sepium; *hirsuta; *tetrasperma
(waste grouLd, where the Brent crosses
the canal).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Leskea polycarpa (trunks of trees by the

Brent, at Stonebridge).
*0rthotriclmm affine (trunks of trees by

the Brent at Stonebridge).

APPENDIX.

The Brent, about Greenford and Perivale.
*Acorus Calamus, &c.
Iris foetidissima ? (pastures about Peri-
vale).

*Lysimachia vulgaris (scarce).
*Nuphar lutea.
*Nympha3a alba (scarce).
* Ranunculus aquatilis (agg.).
*Sagittaria sagittifolia.
*Thalictrum flavum.

ABOUT BRONDESBURY.
*Atriplex deltoidea; *arigustifolia.
*Avena elatior (hedges).
*Bromus sterilis.
*Chenopc dium album ; rubrum.
*Erysimum eheiranthoides.
*Hordeum murinum.
*Plantago lanceolata.
*Rumex obtusifolius ; *conglomeratus ;

*crispus.
*Senebiera Coronopus.

7. PASTURES AND LANES ABOUT TOTTENHAM AND EDMONTON ;
BANKS OF THE LEA, AND OF THE LEA CANAL.

Low-lying and damp, but well-drained meadows border the river Lea,
and the canal which runs by the side of it, more or less in close proximity.
Low hills at no great distance extend upwards on either hand, in a northerly
direction. The subsoil is either gravel or alluvium.

*Acer campestre (hedges).

v^Egopodium Podagraria.

k./Ethusa Cynapium.

*Agrimonia Eupatoria.

*Alisma Plantago.

*Alnns glutinosa (Chingford Mills, &c.).

*Alopecurus pratensis; *agrestis (corn-
fields, Edmonton); *geniculatus ; *ful-
vus (gravel pit, Tottenham).

fc Angelica sylvestris (ditches).

"Anthoxanthnm odoratum.

*Arctium minus.

k Artemisia vulgaris (canal banks).

fcBidens cernua ; *tripartita.

*Bryonia dioica (hedges).

*Butomus umbellatus (ditches).

*Caltha palustris.

^Cardamine pratensis.

*Carduus arvensis ; *lanceolatus.
*Carex riparia ; paludosa.
*Ceratophyllum aquaticum.
*Ch£erophyllum Anthriscus; *sylvcstre;

*temulum (hedges).
*Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum.
*Circa?a lutetiana (White Hart Lane).
*Conium maculatum (hedge in a field

near Park station).
*Dactylis glomerata.
*Digraphis arundinacea.
*Dipsacus sylvestris (canal banks).
*Elodia canadensis (canal).
*Epilobium hirsutum ; *parviflorum ;

*montanum; *tetragonum.
*Festuca pratensis.
*Fnmaria officinalis (cultivated fields,

about).

110

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Galium palustre (ditches).

*Geranium dissectum; *molle; *pusil-

lum; *Robertianum.
*Geum urbanum (lanes).
*Glyceria aquatica.

*Hedera Helix (Chingford Old Church).
*Helosciadium nodosum (ditches).
*Heracleum Sphondylium.
*Hypochoeris radicata.
*lnula dysenterica.
*lris Pseudacorus.
*Juncus effusus; conglomeratus ; *glau-

cus.
*Lemna trisulca (near Ponder's End, in

a field).

*Leontodon hispidus; *autumnalis.
* Lychnis Flos-cuculi ; *diurna.
*Lycopus europasus.
*Lythrum Salicaria.
*Malva sylvestris ; *rotundifolia.
*Matricaria inodora; *Chamomilla (mar-
ket gardens).

*Mentha hirsuta ; *sativa.
*M.yosotis palustris.
*Myriophyllum spicatum (canal).
*Nasturtium officinale.
*Nuphar lutea.
*(Enanthe fistulosa'; *Phellandrium ; *flu-

viatile.

*Pastinaca sativa (canal banks).
*Petasites vulgaris (banks of Chingford

Mill stream).
*Phleum pratense.
*Pimpinella Saxifraga.
*Poa pratensis; trivialis.
*Potamogeton natans ; lucf ns ; *crispus ;

*pusillus ; *pectinatus ; *perfoliatus.
*Ranunculus peltatus; *circinatus; *Fi-

caria, &c.

*Reseda luteola (canal bank).
*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli (meadows).
*Kumex Hydrolapathum ; Acetosa.
*Sagittaria sagittifolia.
*Salix aiba ; *cinerea ; *fragilis ; *triandra ;

*viminalis ; *Caprea (lanes) ; rubra ?

stipularis ? Smithiana (Lea Bridge

Road, olivn).
*Scirpus lacustris.
*Scrophularia Balbisii ; *nodosa.
*Scutellaria galericulata.

*Senebiera Coronopus.

*Silaus pratensis.

*Sium angustifolium (ditches).

*Solanum Dulcamara (hedges).

*Sparganium ramof-um.

*Spira3a Ulmaria.

*Stachys palustris ; *sylvestris.

*Stellaria Holostea; *graminea.

*Symphytnm officinale.

*Tanacetum vulgare (canal bank).

*Thalictrum flavum (ditch -s in the flats

scarce).

Torilis Anthriscus.
*Tragopogon pratensis.
*Trifolium procumbens ; *minus.
*Tussilago Farfara.
*Typha latifolia; *angustifolia.
*Vaieriana officinalis.
* Veronica Anagallis; *Beccabunga,

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Bryum csespitium; *capillare (walls)
*argenteum (banks of canal near lock;
walls, White Hart Lane) ; *erythrocar-
pum (canal bank).

*Ceratodon purpureus.

*Dicranum bryoides (Chingford Mill).

*Didymodon rubellus (walls).

*Equisetum limosum ; *arvense.

*Fontinalis antipyretica (canal and mill
stream.)

*Funaria hygrometrica.

*Homalia Trichomanes (stumps of treea
lane near gasworks).

*Hypnum rutabulum ; *velutinum ; *con-
fertum ; *ruscifoliurn (mill-stream) :
*murale; *riparium and *&erpens (bj
the canal) ; *denticulatum (hedge
banks); *populeum ; *cuspidatum ; *flui
tans (marshes near Clapton, fruiting
freely): *tenellum (churchyard); *cu>
pressiforme ; *praelongum.

*Marchantia polymorpha (wall, EdmoB'
ton).

*Nidularia, species (on an old plank bj
canal).

*Pottia cavifolia.

*Tortula muralis; *unguiculata (cana
bank near Tottenham lock).

*Weissia controversa (Chingford road).

8. EPPING FOREST, AND COPSES, LANES, &c., ABOUT CHINGFORD
WOODFORD, AND WALTHAMSTOW.

Much clearing, enclosing, and building, has taken place in these neigh-
bourhoods within the last forty years ; and many plants recorded bj
Forster, as growing freely there, are no longer to be found. They havt
become, and justly so, favourite suburban places of residence. Viewed ir
its entirety, the forest comprises the extensive wooded upland running ir
a north-easterly direction which separates the vale of the lower Lea anc

LOCALITIES.

Ill

affluent from that of the Roding, into which the slopes drain on either
side. The subsoil is gravel. It is intersected by the high road, from
Lea Bridge, through Woodford to Epping and Newmarket, into which
run cross-roads from Walthamstow and Chingford. Woodford occupies a
sort of clearing in the forest, which may be described as hereabouts con-
sisting of detached patches, partly enclosed. These, together, with the
outlying copses known as Lark's Wood and Hawkswood, produce a few
woodland plants, but the localities are so much frequented, that little out
of the common may be expected. Oak and Hornbeam appear to be most
prevalent in the drier parts. In the hollow below Woodford, which is of
a somewhat marshy character, is a dense scrub of White-thorn, Black-thorn,
Briar, Bramble, Holly, Birch, Sallow, dwarf Oak, Hazel, and Bracken.

*Allium ursinum (lane, Chingford
Hatch).

* Anemone nemorosa.
*liunium flexuosum.
*Calluna vulgaris.

*Carex glauca ; *panicea ; *flava.
*Cornus sanguined.
*Euphorbia amygdaloides.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Fragaria vesca.
*(ralium Mollugo (hedges).
*Genista anglica.
*Helminthia echioides.
*Hieracium Pilosella.
"Hottonia palustris (pools by the road-
side, near Woodford).
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Latmum Galeobdolon (scarce).
*Lonicera Periclymenum.

* Lotus corniculatus.
*Lysimachia Nummularia.
*Neottia Nidus-avis.

*0rchis maculata (marshy hollow).
*0raithopus perpusillus.
*0robanche major (scarce).
*0robus tuberosus.
*0xalis Acetosella.
*Pedicularis sylvestris.
*Potentilla reptans ; Fragariastrum ; *Tor-
mentilla; *anserina.

* Primula vulgaris.
*Tamus europaeus.
*Thymus communis (molehills).
*Salix repens ; *Caprea ; *aurita.
*Sanicula europaea.

*Scilla nutans.

*Stellaria Holostea ; graminea.

* Veronica officinalis ; *Chamaedrys.

* Viburnum Opulus (lanes).

* Viola odorata; *sylvestris.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Atrichum undulatum.

*Aulocomnion palustre ; *androgynum.

*Ceratodon purpureus.

* I >icranum undulatum. [stow).

*Didymodon rubellus (walls, Waltham-

*Funaria hygrometrica. [stow).

*Grimmia pulvinata (walls, Waltham-

*Homalia trichomanoides (Chingford
Hatch.

*Hypnum purum ; *piliferum (roadside
beyond Woodford) ; *cupressi forme ;
*cordifolium (between Woodford and
Walthamstow) ; *cuspidatum ; *denti-
culatum (hedgebanks) ; *populeum ;
*praalongum ; *rutabulum ; *veluti-
num; *Schreberi ; *serpens; *glare-
osum; *splendens ; *squarro?um ; *tri-
quetrum; *loreum; *fluitans; *adun-
cum ; *tenellum ; *striatum.

*Jungermaunia complanata (trunks of
tree.*); *bidentata (banks).

*Marchantia hemisphserica (sides of a pit).

*Mnium hornum (near Woodford).

*Mnium undulatum (Chingford Hatch).

*Nephrodlum Filix-mas.

*0rthotrichum diaphanum (Chingford).

*Pleuridium subulatum.

*Polytrichum commune ; *piliferum ;
*juniperum.

*Pottia truncata.

*Sphagnum cymbifolium ; *acutifolium.

*Thuidium tamariscinum.

*Webera nutans (gravel pits).

*Weissia controversa.

APPENDIX.

Larkswood; Hawkswood.
Calamagrostis Epigejos.

9. BLACKHEATH, AND THE MARSHES BELOW GREENWICH.

Many plants grew formerly upon Blackheath, and in the marshes between
jlreenwich and Woolwich. The heath is now nothing but a grassy common,

112

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

trodden by thousands of persons, and enclosed on all sides, but the park,
by suburban villas of recent construction. The subsoil is gravel, and the
surface in many places is pitted with depressions, whence this material
has been dug out. These hollows may be examined, especially a large pit
at the north-east corner of the plain, whence the road leads down to the
flats by the Thames ; elevation, 140 feet.

The marshes have Ions; since been drained, enclosed, and converted into
market gardens. The intersecting ditches by the roadside, and riverside,
however, still afford a few plants characteristic of the locality ; subsoil,
alluvial.

*$pergularia rubra.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
Trifolium subterraneum ; *filiforme ;
scabrum.

* Veronica arvensis ; *agrestis ; *serpylli-
folia.

ON THE HEATH.

* Aira flexuosa ; *prsecox ; *caryophyllasa.
*Alchemilla arvensis.
*Anthoxanthum odoratum.
*Arenaria serpyllifolia.
* A vena flavescens.
*Bellis peremiis.
*Campanula rotnndifolia.

Cardmis aca.nl is.

Cerastium tetrandrum ; *semidecandrum.

Draba verna.
*Erodium cicutarium.

Festuca sciuroides.
*Filago minima.
*Geranium molle.
*(4naphalium uliginosum.
*Hieracium Pilosella.
*Jasione montana.

Koeleria cristata.
*Leontodon hispidns.
*Luzula campestris.
*Mcencbia erecta.

Myosotis versicolor.
*0rnithopus perpusillus.
*Polygala vulgaris.

*Potentilla Tormentilla ; anserina; rep-
tans.

*Rumex Acetosella.
*Sagina apetala ; *procumbens.

Scilla autumnalis.

Sedum acre.
*Senebiera Coronopus.

MARSHES AND RIVER-SIDE.
*Apium graveolens.
*Aster Tripolium.
*Catabrosa aquatica.
*Cocblearia anglica.
*Digraphis arundinacea.
*Festuca elatior.
*Glaux maritima.
*Glyceria aquatica.
*Phragmites coramunis.
*Scirpus maritimus.
*Spergularia neglecta.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Ulva (two or three species).

APPENDIX.

*Corydalis lutea (wall by the road leading
from N.E. corner of heath to the flats
below).

Br THE EAVENSBOURNE NEAR

LEWISHAM.

Cardamine amara ; Hesperis matronalis ;
olim.

10. CHARLTON WOOD, AND CHALK-PIT, WOOLWICH SAND-PITS ;
SHOOTER'S HILL.

Not much is left standing or unenclosed of what were once known as
Charlton and Hanging Woods. Some old chalk-pits near the station, and
some sand-pits not far from Woolwich, together with a bordering copse or
two, are all that remain ; formerly this locality was a very productive one,
and the list of plants given by Mr. Cooper in his ' Flora ' is a very full one ;
though many are upon ancient authority — Pamplin, Blackstone, * Botanist's
Guide,' Milne, and others ; since their time great changes have occurred
here, as elsewhere in the neighbourhood of London. The localities are on
the flank of the range of hills which border the flats by the Thames on the

LOCALITIES.

113

Kentish side, extending from Blackheath to Erith, and attaining an
elevation at Shooter's Hill of over 400 feet ; subsoil, sand, gravel, over-
lying chalk.

Anchusa arvensis.

Artemisia vulgaris.

Bryonia dioica.

Calamintha Clinopodium.

Carex depauperaia (?) ulim.

Centaurea Scabiosa ; nigra.

Circasa lutetiana.

Clematis Vitalba.

Cornus sanguinea.

Daucus Carota.

Diplntaxis tenuifolia.

Echium vulgare.

Erigeron acris.

Erythraea Centaurium.

Euphorbia amygdaloides.

Filago germanica.

Galium verum; Mollugo.

Geranium dissectum.

Geum urbanum.

Heracleum Sphondylium.

Hypericuin perforatum ; hirsutum.

Inula Conyza.

Lactuca Scariola (?) (sandpits).

La thy r us pratensis.

Le'pidium campestre.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Linaria vulgaris.
Lotus corniculatus.
Medicago maculata ; lupulina.
Mercurialis perennis.
Ononis arvensis.
Origanum vulgare.
Pastinaca sativa.
Prenanthes muralis.
Eeseda lutea ; Luteola.
Sanicula europaja.
Silene inflata.
Solidago Virgaurea.
Spergula arvensis.
Spergularia rubra.
Stachys sylvatica.
Tanacetum vulgare.
Torilis Anthriscus.
Trifolium arvense.
Tussilago Farfara.
Verbena officinalis.
Vicia Cracca; sepium; tetrasperma.
Etc., etc.

SHOOTER'S HILL COMMON.

Castle Wood is enclosed ; but the common fronting Blackheath is still
open to the public. There are no trees : scrub or brushwood only, of Birch,
Hazel, Oak, Sallows, White-thorn, Black-thorn, Briars, Furze, Broom, and
Bramble. Subsoil, gravel.

*Lotus major ; *corniculatus.

*0rnithopus perpusillus.

*Potentilla Tormentilla ; *Fragariastrum

*repens, etc.
*Senecio sylvaticus.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

*Aira flexuosa; *caespitosa.

*Betonica officinalis.

*Carex hirta ; *ovalis.

*Centaurea nigra.

*Hieracium vulgatum ; *umbellatum.

11. WANDSWORTH COMMON.

An extensive open space, of nearly three miles in circumference, partly
bordered with villas, &c., and traversed by the Crystal Palace Railway,
which has exercised upon it the ordinary effects of drainage. Jt is more
or less covered with Furze, Bracken, and Ling ; some parts are in fact
densely furze-grown ; others entirely free from it. There are several
small ponds and pits, whence gravel has been excavated ; and the subsoil
is of this material. Nothing out of the common is to be found here now,
but formerly its speciality was Stratiotes aloides.

*Acet*s Aretosella.

*Acbillea Ptarmica; Millefolium.

*Aira praecox.
*Alisma Plantago.

114

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Alopecurus fulvus.
*Anthemis nobilis.
*Anthoxanthum odoratum.
*Betonica officinalis.
*Bidens tripartitus.
*Campanula rotundifolia.

Camelina sativa (near New Wandsworth
station).

*Cardamine pratensis.
*Carduus acaulis ; *pratensis.
*Carex flava ; *hirta ; *glauca ; *ovalis.
*Centaurea nigra.
*Cerastium seruidecandrum.
*Convolvulus arvensis.
*Elodea canadensis.
*Erigeron canadensis.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Filago minima.

*Gralium saxatile ; *uliginosum ; *palustre.
*Geranium molle ; *K,oberdanum.
*Glyceria fluitans.
*Gnapbalium uliginosum.
*Helosciadium inundatum.
*Hieracium Pilosella.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum humifusum.
*Hypochoeris radicata.
*Juncus effusus ; *glomeratus ; *supinus.
*Leontodon hirtus; *hispidus; *autum-

nalis.

*Lotus corniculatus.
*Lychnis diurna.
*Medicago rnaculata.

Mentha Pulegium ; *hirsuta.

*Moenchia erecta.

*Montia fontana.

*Myosotis arvensis ; palustris.

*Nardus stricta.

*Nasturtium officinale ; terrestre.

*0nonis spinosa.

*0rnithopus perpusillus.

*Pedicularis sylvatica.

*Peplis Portula.

*Polygonum Hydropiper, *Persicaria.

*Potamogeton natans ; *crispum ; *pu-

sillum.
*Potentilla Tormentilla; *reptans; *an-

serina.

*Prunella vulgaris.
*Ranunculus aquatilis (agg.) ; *Flam-

mula ; *hederacea ; sceleratus ; acris ;

*bnlbosus.

*Sagina procumbens.
*Salix repens.
*Scabiosa succisa.

*Scirpus palustris ; *setaceus ; *fluitans.
*Senebiera Coronopus.
*Senecio Jacobaea.
*Trifolium repens ; *filiforme.
* Veronica hederifolia ; *arvensis; *ser-

pyllifolia; *Chamaidrys ; *Beccabunga.

CRYPTOGAMS.
*Bryum erythrocarpum.
*Ceratodon purpureus.
*Equisetum limosum; *palustre; *ar-

vense.
*Pteris aquilina.

Clapham Common is furzy in some parts, and has some fine groups of
trees upon it ; it is surrounded by houses. Limosella aquatica grew formerly
on the margins of the central pond ; may be there still. Tooting Common
is two miles in circumference, and furze-grown in parts, with Briars and a
few Oak- trees at the further extremity. *Dicranum scoparium ; *Poly-
trichum juniperinum ; *Crata2gus Oxyacantha, &c. Streatham Common is
of the same character, but less extensive. *Anthemis nobilis ; *Trifolium
subterraneum ; *Arenaria trinervis ; *Achillea Ptarmica, &c. ; on tomb-
stones in Streatham churchyard, *Hypnum confertum ; *serpens. They
have both a gravelly subsoil. About Clapham Junction, *Erysimum
cheiranthoides (abundant). Near the station, Wandsworth, Isatis tinctoria
has been lately observed. Streatham Common is separated from that of
Tooting by an avenue of Elms. Its subsoil is the same, and elevated at the
upper end, where there is some Furze and Bramble, over three hundred
feet. Senecio viscosus grew here formerly ; and in the closes, about,
Bunium flexuosum ; Lactuca virosa ; Daphne Laureola, &c.

12. ROADSIDES, COPSES, AND WASTE PLACES ABOUT NORWOOD.

The low hills which constitute the Southern Heights ot London attain
their highest elevation at Norwood, in connection with which are Gipsy
Hill, Sydenham Hill and Forest Hill. Norwood is under four hundred feet

LOCALITIES.

115

high, less by about forty feet than Hampstead Heath at Jacfc
Castle. Subsoil gravel. This portion of suburban London was uueuciuseu
i unbuilt upon in Mr. Cooper's time ; consequently little other than
ordinary wayside plants are to be met with.

;k Straw's
nenclosed

JEthusa Cynapium.

Agrimonia Eupatorium.

Ajuga reptans.

Bartsia Odontites.

C^ntaurea Jacea.

Chenopodium album ; hybridum.

Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum.

Crepis virens.

Daucus Carota.

Epilobium montanum.

Galinm Aparine; Mollugo ; verum ; sax-

atile.
Geranium molle; pusillum; dissectum:

Robertianum.
Geum urbanum.
Hypochoeris radicata.
Lactuca virosa.
Lapsana communis.
Lathyrus pratensis.
Leontodon hispidus ; autumn&lis.
Linaria vulgaris.
Lotus corniculatus.
Luzula pilosa ; campestris.
Lychnis diurna.

Matricaria Chamomilla ; inodora.
Mercurialis perennis.
Prunella vulgaris.

Ranunculus bulbosus ; act is ; repens.
Rosa canina.
Rubus fruticosus.
Rumex Acetosella.
Senecio Jacobsea.

Sinapis arvensis.

Solanum nigrum ; Dulcamara.

Stellaria Holostea ; graminea.

Tanacetum vulgare.

Taraxacum officinale.

Tragopogon pra tense.

Tussilago Farfara.

Veronica; Vicia; Poa; Festuca; Bro-

mus ; Dactylis ; Phleum, &c., ordinary

species.

COPSES.

Anemone nemorosa.
Bunium flexuosum.
Corylus Avellana.
Digitalis purpurea.
Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Hieracium vulgatum.
Ilex aquifolia.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Lysimachia Nummularia.
Melampyrum pratense.
Orchis mascula ; maculata.
Orobus tuberosus.
Oxalis Acetosella.
Primula vulgaris.
Pyrus Aucuparia.
Ranunculus auricomus.
Ruscus aculeatus.
Sanicula europeea.
Scilla rmtans.
Solidago Virgaurea.
Tamus communis.

r
ucus Ebulus.

°f r°ad fl'°m Cr°7don to Beulah Spa, ascending the

13. MITCHAM COMMON.

illy waste, for the most part extending for a considerable distance
irection of Croydon, and bordered in part by furze-grown patches
It is a level plain with many pits and hollows, where the gravel has been
extracted ; m many places filled with water. Mitcham Junction statior
is at the upper end, and a road to Croydon crosses the common from N.VV
;o S.E \\estof it is the Wandle river, from which it is separated by
some cultivated land and the road to Carshalton, &c. Mentha piperita is
grown hereabout, and may be met with as a waif of cultivation

*Actinocarpus Damasonium (E. de C.).

*Alchemilla arvensis.

*Alisma Plantago.

JAnthemis nobilis.

*Betonica offlcinalis.

*Bidens cernua ; *tripartita.

*Calluna vulgaris.

*Clematis Vitalba (hedges near Mitcham)

*Cnicus acaulis.

*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Kilago minima.

*Genista anglica.

116

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

*Geranium pyrenaicum.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum humifusum.

Lathyrus Nissolia (at Mitcham) ? olim.

Leontodon palustre ; ? olim.
*Mentha Pulfgium.
*Moenchia erecta.
*Molinia cserulea.
* M yosotis versicolor.
*Nardus stricta.
*0nonis spinosa.
*Potamoget<>n densus (ponds).

Ranunculus parviflorus; ? olira.
*Sagina subulata.
*Sent-bieva Coronopus.
*Thymus vulgaris.
*Tri'fulium filiforme ; *subterraneum ;

*striatum.
*Triodia decumbens.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*r!hara vulgaris.

*Pilularia globulifera (E. de C.).

APPENDIX.

*Blysmus compressus (marshy patch,

now enclosed, opposite Beddington

Park gates ).
*Phragmites communis (roadside towards

Wimbledon) and *Medicaso sativa

(in fields, roadside towards Wimbledon).
*Scandix Pecten-Veneris (railway bank,

Carshalton station).
*Sclerochloa rigida (by the park palings

towards Wallington).
Scrophularia vernalis (grew formerly

between Mitcham and Merton).

H. BANKS OF THE THAMES, WITH BORDERING DITCH AND
MEADOWS BETWEEN KEW AND KINGSTON, RICHMOND HILL
AND HAM COMMON.

A low-lying district, the hills excepted, with a gravelly subsoil. Ham
Common is an open green with an avenue of Elms right of the high-road,
wild and furze-grown left of it, and extending for nearly a mile to the
borders of Richmond Park. A foot and towing path leads along by the
river-side.

*/Egopodium Podagraria (about Rich-
mond).

* Alisma Plantago (river-side).
*Anthemis nobilis (on the common).

Arnoseris pusilla (sandpit at Peter-
*Butomus umbeltatus. [sham ?).

*Calamintha Acinos (opposite Tedding-

ton).

*Campafiula rotundifolia (Ham Common).
*Carduus crispus, ike.
*Carex riparia ; *vulpina ; *paludosa.
*Centaurea nigra ; *Scabiosa (between
Teddington and Kingston).

*Cerastium arvense (cornfields, Ham).

*Cichorium Intybus (opposite Ted-
dington).

*Circa?a lutetiana (below the hill).

*Clematis Vitalba (on the slope).

*Dianthus deltoides (gravelly pasture
beyond Ham House).

*Digraphis arundinacea.

*Echium vulgare (opposite Teddington).

*Kpilobium hirsutum.

*Fumaria officinalis (cornfields, Ham).

*Glyceria aquatica.

*Gnaphalium uliginosum (common).

*Hypericum humifusum (common).

*Jasione m<>ntana (common).

*Lammm amplexicaule (cornfields, Ham).

fLimnanthemum nymphseoides (in the
river by Kingston, near .the island).

*Linaria vulgaris.

*Lycopus europaeus.

*Lythrum Salicaria.

*Nasturtium sylvestre ; *amphibium.

*NepPta Cataria (hedge near Richmond).

*Nuphar lutea.

*Potamogeton perfoliatus.

Salix rubra (ditch between Kew and
Richmond); *alba; undulata; *trian-
dra ; fragilis ; viminalis.

*Salvia verbenaca (opposite Teddington ;
scarce).

Saxifraga granulata (meadows, Rich-
mond).

*Scabiosa succisa ; *arvensis.
Scilla autumnalis (meadows above Rich-
mond, about Ham).

*Scutellaria galericulata.

*Sedum acre.

*Spiraea Ulmaria.

*Stachys palustris.

*Symphytum officinale (purple-flowere

*Thymus Serpyllum (opposite Tedding-
ton).

*Torilis nodosa (opposite Teddington).

*Trifolium subterraneum (Ham Com-
mon); *arvense (cornfields) ; striatum.

*Typha latifolia (island near Kingston).

*Valeriana officiualis (scarce).

*Vicia Cracca.

* Viola arveusis (cornfields).

LOCALITIES.

117

15. ROADSIDES ABOUT ISLEWORTH, TWICKENHAM, TEDDINGTON,
HOUNSLOW, AND BANKS OF THE CRAN.

Low-lying and well-cultivated districts, subsoil, gravelly ; but generally
well covered with alluvium. Hounslow Heath, upon which many rare
plants grew formerly, is now nearly all enclosed and converted into a
military parade and rifle ground; a patch or two near the Cran is all that
remains of it.

*Arabis Thaliana (bank, lower road, Ted-
dington).

Arnoseris pusilla (gravelly fields, Ted-
dington, olim, and fields near Hamp-
ton Court ?).

*JBetonica officinalis (field near Cranfovd
Bridge).

*Cardamine amara (Hanworth Bridge,
abundant).

*Carex riparia ; *paludosa ; *hirta (Han-
worth Bridge).

Dianthus prolifer (between Teddington
and Hampton Court).

*Draba vernalis (walls Isleworth, and
bank, lower road, Teddington).

*Erodium cicutarium (walls Isleworth,
and bank, lower road, Teddington).

*Genista anglica (between Hospital and
Hanworth bridges).

*bferanium molle ; *pusillus (walls Isle-
worth, and bank, lower road, Tedding-
ton).

*H«>ttonia palustris (in the Cran at Han-
Nvorth Bridge).

*Hydrochavis Morsus-ranse (in the Cran
at Hanworth Bridge). •

*Lemna trisulca (Hanworth Bridge).
Littorella lacustris ?

*Lysimachia vulgaris (Thames, Tedding-
ton).
Lythrum hyssopifolium ? (Hounslow

; Heath, formerly ; the marshy corners
near the bridges may be searched fur
this little plant).

*Myosotis versicolor (banks, roadside).

*Nuphar lutea.

*Papaver dubium (walls, Isleworth).
*Potamogeton pusillus ; *luco,ns (Tha-
mes) ; *natans (Hanworth Bridge).
Rubus rhamnifolius ; Koehleri; Lind-

leianus ; glandulosus.
*Salix purpurea (Mother Ives Bridge ;

Thames at Twickenham; *Hospital

Bridge; Hanworth Bridge); *fragilis,

&c.
*Saxifraga tridactylites (walls, Sion

House).
*Scabiosa succisa (meadow near Cranford

Bridge).
*Sedum acre (lower road, Teddington);

album (walls between Isleworth and

Brentford).

*Sium angustifolium (Cranford Bridge).
Teesdalia imdicaulis (Hampton Park).
*Typha latifolia ; *angustifolia (Cranford

Bridge).

*Valerianella olitoria (roadsides).
*Vicia lathy roides (roadsides).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria (Teddington

church).

Confervie (in the Cran).
*Homalothecium sericeum (walls at Bushy

Park gateway).
Leskea polycarpa (trunks of Willows,

Chiswick).
*Thuidium tamariscinum, with other

common Hypna (roadside between

Hospital and Hanworth bridges).

16. PINNER AND OXHEY WOODS, MEADOWS ABOUT PINNER
AND RUISLIP, RUISLIP RESERVOIR.

About Pinner the country assumes a more hilly aspect than that which
obtains immediately west of the metropolis, Harrow Hill being merely
an isolated elevation in advance of the ridge which separates the valley of
the Colne from that of the Brent. In the low-lying meadows hereabouts
and at Ruislip the substratum is clay, but chalk underlies the gravel upon
the hills beyond. Ruislip reservoir is -a considerable piece of water, with
reedy margins, and a wood on its eastern borders.

118

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

Alchemilla vulgaris (fields between the

reservoir and Plareford road).
*Anemone nemorosa.
*Asperula odorata (Oxhey Wood).
*Hriza media (borders Pinner Wood).
*Bunium flexuosum (borders Pinner

Wood, plentiful).

*Carduus pratensis (Ruislip Moor).
*Carex glauca (Pinner and Pinner Hill);

*curta ; muricata (wayside hedges) ;

*panicea ; *pendula "(brookside at

Eastcot ; also in Pinner Wood); *vul-

paris (Ruislip Moor) ; *sylvatica (Oxhey

Wood) ; *pallescens (Oxhey Wood) ;

strigosa (Moss Lane, Pinner); disticha

(reservoir).

*C»nium maculatum (Ruislip Moor).
Epilobium roseum (Moss Lane).
Euphorbia amygdaloides.
*Fragaria vesoa.
*Fritillaria Meleagris. (Pinner, right of

road to Kickmans worth near the town ;

also meadows, Ruislip ?) olim.
*Hypericurn perforatum ; *hirsutum

(woods).

*Lamium Galeobdolon (Pinner Wood).
*Leontodon hispidus.
*Lepidium campestre (Pinner Hill).
*Linurn catharticum (Pinner Hill, pits

&c.).

*Listera ovata (Pinner and Oxhey woods).

Littorella lacustris (Ruislip reservoir).

*Luzula sylvatica ; *pilosa (woods) ; Fors-

teri.
*Lysimachia nemoralis (Pinner Wood) ;

*Nummularia (Pinner Wood and Ruis-
lip meadows).

*Melampyrum pratense (Ruislip woods).

*Melica uniflora (hedges).

*Myosotis sylvatica (Pinner and Oxhey
woods) ; *arvensis.

*Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus (Pinner).
Neottia Nidus-avis (Oxhey Wood).

*0rchis Morio (Ruislip Moor and Pinner) ;
maculata; *mascula (woods) ; *latifolia
(moor).

*Popuhis alba (Pinner Wood).

*Primula veris (meadows) ; *vulgaris
(woods).

*Ranunculus auricomus.

*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli (meadows).

*Salix cinerea; Caprea.

*Scilla nutans.

*Sedum reflexum (Pinner, roadside ; gar-
den waif).

*Stellaria graminea.

* Tamus europasus.

*Valeriana dioica (Ruislip Moor).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Dicranum scoparium (Pinner).
*Equisetum palustre (Ruislip Moor).

Hypnum striatum ; Schreberi (Pinner).

Jungermannia asplenioides ; hetero-
phylla; complanata (Pinner).

Mnium undulatum (Pinner).
*Nephrodium Filix-mas (woods).

Orthotrichum affine (Pinner); crispum.

Tortula fallax (Ruislip) ; subulata (Pin-
ner).

17. HARROW WEALD COMMON, STANMORE HEATH, ELSTREE
RESERVOIR.

Stanmore Heath, three miles from the village of Edgeware, is five
hundred feet high ; elevated on the north, west and south ; with a fall on
these slopes to a depression on its eastern edge, where there is a large pond
fed by the converging lines of drainage. This pond is in private grounds,
aud connected with a larger one near Elstree, known as Elstree reservoir.
The road to Watford skirts the western borders of the heath, and divides
it from the grounds of Bentley Priory ; due west, and distant a mile or so,
is Harrow Weald Common ; on the same line of elevation, north and west
of the Priory. The Heath is turfy and furze-grown, except on the lines of
drainage, which are open and marshy ; subsoil gravelly, and pitted near
the village with shallow excavations, usually full of water. At the
southern extremity is a grass plot. The Common is a narrow strip of wet
gravelly waste, about three-quarters of a mile long, with an outlying copse
or two in the directiou of Pinner ; it slopes to the north-west ; without
turf and of a less furzy character than the Heath, than which it is a trifle
less elevated.

LOCALITIES.

119

STANMORE HEATH.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

*Alopecurus genkulatus.

*Anthemis nobilis.

*Asperula odorata (between Elstree and

Stanmore lower road).
*Calluiia vulgaris.

*Carex fiava ; laevigata ; *panicea ;*Pseu-
do-cyperus (pond in a field near Whit-
church).

Epilobium obscurum.
* Erica Tetralix.
*Genista anglica.

Hieracium boreale ?
*Juncus squarrosus, £c.
Linum catharticum.
*0rchis maculata.
*Prunus spinosa.
Pyrola minor (under some old trees east

of the heath).

Rubus fruticosus ; agg.
*Salix repens and var.

Sanguisorba officinalis (pastures near) ?
*Scilla nutans (hedgerows, Whitchurch).
*Senecio erucilblius.

CRYPTOGAMS.
*Aulocomnion palustre.
* Bart ram i a pomiformis (bank left of road
from klstree station to Stanmore).
Chara translucens.
*Homalothecium sericeum (wall opposite

Whitchurch Church).
*Hypnum albicans ; splendens ; *cuspi-
datum.

Nephrodium dilatatum.
*Pteris aquilina.
*Thuidium tamariscinum.
*Weissia cirrhata (palings Stanmore), &c.

*scalaris
*dilatata

HARROW WEALD COMMON.

Besides Furze, Heath, Briars, Brambles, and Bracken ; the following : —

* Digitalis purpurea.

Drosera intermedia.

Epilobium obscurum.
*Krica cinerea.

Gnaphalium sylvaticum.

Hieracium boreale ? *umbellatum.

Luzula Fosteri (copses near).

Populus tremula.

Sagina ciliata.
*Salix cinerea ; *repens.
*Scutellaria minor.
*Teucrium Scorodonla.

Vinca minor (woods, Bentley Priory).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum.
Athyrium FiKx-fo3inina.
*Atrichum undulatum.
*Aulocomnion palustre.
*Carex ovalis ; *stellutata ; *panicea ;

*glauca.

*Dicranella heteromalla ; *varia.
*Dicranum scoparium.
*Equisetum sylvestre (lower border by

the hedge).
*Fissidens taxifolia; *bryoidrs (roadside

ditch-banks, towards Harrow).
*Fontinalis antipyretica (field, left towards

Kenton Lane).
*Hyprmm cupressi forme ; *purum; *cus-

pidatum ; *splendens ; *squarrosum
*stellatum ; glareosum ; *cordi(olium
*sylvaticum (bordering shady banks)
myuroides ; *triquetrum ; loreum ?
*aduncum.

Isothecium alopecurum.
Jungermannia undulata ;
*Trichomanes ; *crenulata
*calycina.
Leskea polycarpa.
Leucodon sciuroides.
*Leucobryum glaucum.
*Lomaria Spicant.
*Mnium uudulatum ; *hornum ; *rostra-

tum.

*Neckera complanata (Kenton Lane).
Orthotrichum affine.
*Pleuridium subulatum.
*Pogonatum aloides.
*Polytrichum commune ; *juniperinum ;

*piliferum.

*Sphagnum cuspidatum.
*Tortula unguiculata.

ELSTREE RESERVOIR.
Carex vesicaria.
Limosella aquatica.
Scirpus acicularis.
Tortula subulata.

18. TOTTER1DGE GREEN AND HADLEY COMMON.

The ridge referred to in the previous section is continued eastwards
towards High Barnet, which stands -on ground of the same elevation as
Stanmore Heath ; beyond Barnet is Monken Hadley and a wood known as

120

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Hadley Common. Mill Hill and Totteridge are separated from Barnet by
a valley in which runs the Brent stream. This stream encloses Totteridge
heights in a loop, and then runs westward towards Hendon. Subsoil
gravel.

TOTTEKIDGE GREEN. HOLLOW BELOW ; BY THE BBEXT.

*Acorus Calamus (ponds).
*Carex divulsa (hedgeside in a field on
the left by footpath from lower end of
the green to the Brent).
Chara flexilis (ponds).
*0rocus vernus (meadows near).
Dianthus deltoides (back of Osmund's
barn).

Fritillaria Meleagris (meadows near).
*Hottonia palustris (ponds).
Lilium Martagon (Totteridge Park).
Mentha Pulegium.
*Kanunculus Lingua (ponds).

*Allium ursinum.
*Alnus glntinosa.

Equisetum maximum ? (between Tot-
teridge and Barnet).

*Rhamnus catharticus (opposite Wood-
side station).

*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli (meadows).
*Scirpus sylvaticus.

Spiranthes autumnalis (also on Mill
Hill).

*Viburnum Opulus.
Vinca minor (near Totteridge).

HADLEY COMMON.

A wood sloping from west to east ; where the ridge joins that which
borders the vale of the Lea westwards. Oak, &c., with an underscrub of
White-thorn, Briar, and Holly. Open grass glades in parts.

*Bunitim flexuosum. *Melica uniflora.

*Carex sylvatica. *0xalis Acetosella.

*l)aphne Laureola. *Primula vulgar!-.

*Euphorbia amygdaloides. *Sanicula europa^a.

*Fragaria vesca. *Scilla nutans.
*Lysimachia nemorum.

19. EPPING UPPER FOREST.

From Buckhurst Hill to Epping town, a road — via High Beech green — •
traverses the upper forest for its whole length in a north-easterly direction
for a distance of six miles. Forest land thickly wooded on the flanks, and
more or less so on the plateau above, where, however, there are occasional
more open patches of moor and heath, with frequent pits and pools. Near
High Beech and the Royal Oak are some small boggy bits, and within a
mile or two of Epping an ancient entrenchment called Amesbury Banks ;
between this and the Royal Oak is a central station, the Wake Arms,
where cross roads meet from Waltham, Loughton, and Theydon Bois ; the
best localities for plants, especially Ferns, are the gullies and hollows on
the forest flanks ; others must be sought for in the bordering fields near
Epping ; there is no abundance of anything out of the common in the
forest itself, however productive it may have been formerly. On the
south-east flank the lines of drainage are to the Roding, on the north-west
to an affluent of the Lea, called Cobbins Brook ; the vale traversed by this
stream divides the forest upland from Nasingwood Common and adjacent
high ground to the eastward of Cheshunt and Broxbourne. The subsoil is
gravel ; and the rise very gradual. The general vegetation is Hornbeam
and Beech, both much lopped, Oak scrub, Holly, Bramble, Briar, Bracken,

LOCALITIES.

121

White and Black-thorn, Lonicera, Crab-apple, Furze, and a little Birch,
Sallows and Salix repens, Ling and Rushes.

*Acer campestre.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

* Aira flcxuosa ; *prsecox; *ca?spitosa.

Anagallis tenella (bog, High beech).
*Anemone nemorosa.

Arabis perfoliata.

Asperula odorata.
*Betonica officinalis.
*Bunium flexuosum.

Calamagrostis Epigejog.

Camelina sativa (field near Epping).

Carex pilulifera ; binewis ; *ovalis;
*flava; remota; *stellulata; *pariicea;
vulgaris.

Ceniunculus minimus (near High Beech).

Chrysosplenium oppositifulium ; alterni-

folium.

*Circaga lutetiana (Amesbury banks).
*Cornus sanguinea.
*Corylus Avellana.

C.vnoglossum montanum.

* Daphne Laureola.

Dianthus Armeria (towards Theydon).
*l)igitalis purpurea.

Dipsacus pilosus.

Drosera rotundifolia (scarce ?).
*Epilobium montanum; roseum.

* Erica ciuerea ; Tetralix (scarce).
*Erythraea Centaurium.

* Euphorbia amygdaloides.
*Euphrasia officinalis.

Festuca Pseudo-myurus (dry parts).
*Fragaria vesca.
*Fraxinus excelsior.

Fumaria officinalis (field-* near).
*Galiuui Mollugo; verum ; *palustre.
*Genista anglica.
*Geranium dissectum, &c.

Gnaphaiium sylvaticum.
*Hedera Helix.
*Hieraeium vulgatum.
*Holcus mollis.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum puichrum ; *humifusum ;
Androsaemum.

Isatis tinctoria (near Popping, in fields).
*Juncus glomeiatus *squarrosus, £c.
*Luinium Galeobdolon.
*Lathyrus pratensis.
*Ligustrum vulgare.

Listera ovata.

*Lotus major ; corniculatus.
*Lychnis diurna; *Flos-cuculi.

Lysimachia nemorum ; Nummularia.
*Melampyrum pratense.
*Mentha sativa (Amesbury banks).

Moenchia erecta.
*Molinia caerulea.

Myosurus minimus.

*Myriophyllum verticillatum (ponds).

*Nardus stricta.

*0rchis macnlata ; mascula.

*0rniihopus perpusillus.

*0robus tubi-rosus.

*0xalis Acetosella.

Parnassia palustris ? (nearer than On-

gar ?)

*Pedicularis sylvatica ; palustris.
*Polygala vulgaris.

Populus alba ; tremula.

Potentilla argentea j *Fragariastrum, &c.
*Primula vulgaris.

Pyrus Aucuparia.

*Ranunculus auricomus; *Flammula.
*Rubus (several species; see Index).

Kuscus aculeatus.
*Salix Caprea *repens, and var.
*Sambucus Ebulus (near Sewardstone, to-
wards Waltham).
*Sambucus nigra.
*Sanicula europsea.
*Sarothamnus Scoparium.
*Scabiosa succisa.
*Scilla nutans.
*Scrophularia Balbisii ; *nodosa.

Senebiera didyma ; *Coronop«is.
*Senecio sylvaticus ; erucifolius ; * Jaco-
b&a.

Serratula tinctoria.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
*Stachys sylvatica,.
*Tamus communis.

Teesdalia nudicaulis.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Tilia europa^a.

*Trifolium procumbens ; *filiforme.
*Triodia decumbens.
*Typha angustifolia (pond).
*Ulex Gallii.

*Ulmus suberosa; montana.
*Veronica officinalis; montana; scutel-

lata ; *Chamajdrys.
*Viburnum Opulus.

Viscum album.

Wahlenbergia hederacea (?) (r. of Abridge
road).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aspidium aculeatum, and var. lobatum ;
angulare.

Asplenium Ruta-muraria.
Ceterach officinarum.
*Chara flexilis ; translucens.

Equisetum sylvaticum.
, Lomaria Spicant.

Lycopodium clavatum (?) ; olim (near
High Beech).

122

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Nephrodium Filix-tnas ; spinulosum ; di-

latatura ; Thelypteris ; Oreopteris.
*Polypodium vulgare.
*Pteris aquilina.
Scolopendrium vulgare.

*Atrichum undulatum.

*I)icranella cerviculata; *heteromalla.

*Dicranuni scoparium.

*Fungi and Lichens (many).
*Hypnum splendens ; *triquetrum ; &c.
*Jungermanniae (several).
*Leucobryum glaucum (near Wake

Arms in a beech copse).
*Polytricha (three species),
*Sphagnum (near High Beech).
*Thuidium tamariscinum.
*Weissia controversa, &c.

The copses and woodlands beyond Epping, several detached pieces, are
private property and enclosed. In a broad ditch, border of upper forest
towards Roydon, Peucedanura officinale ?

20. HAINAULT FOREST AND BANKS OF THE RODING.

Although Hainault Forest, once very extensive, no longer exists but in
name, some detached bits of scrub and underwood about Chigwell Row
are still standing, and these, together with Crab-tree Wood, may be
searched for what may yet be obtained. East of this, and on the other
side of the Bourne brook, is Havering atte Bower, where are the remaining
walls of an ancient palace. The Roding is a sluggish stream, meandering
through bordering meadows along the vale which lies between the
Hainault and the Epping uplands. Aquatic plants grow here in plenty.

COPSES, ETC., CHIGWELL Row.
Calamagrostis Epigejos.
Cynoglossum montanum.
Hypericum pulchrum ; Androsremum.
Lysimachia nemorum.
Ruscus aculeatus.
*Sambucus Ebulus (lane near Chigwell

church, leading to the Roding).
Vinca minor (Theydon Bois).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Aspidium aculeatum (about Chigwell).
Nephrodium Thelypteris (about Chig-
well).

BANKS OF THE RODING.
Acorus Calamus.
*Alnus glutinosa.

*Carex acuta ; *riparia ; *vesicaria.
*Digraphis arundinacea.
*Epilobium hirsutum.
*Helosciadium nodosum.
*lris Pseudacorus.

Limnanthemum nymphneoides.
*Lythrum Salicaria.
*Myosotis palustris.
*Nuphar lutea.

(Enanthe fluviatilis (Woodford).
*Polygonum aniphibium.
*Potamogeton natans ; *densus ; *perfo-

liatus ; *lucens.
*Rumex Hydrolapathum.
*Sagittaria sagittifolia.
*Salix alba ; cinerea ; fragilis.
*Scirpus lacustris.
*Scutellaria galericulata.
*Sium angustifolium ; latifolium (near

Wanstead).

*Sparganium ramosum.
*Spiraea Ulmaria.
*Stachys palustris.
*Stellaria aquatica.
*Symphytum officinale.
*Thalictrum flavum.

Typha angustifolia.
*Viburnuni Opulus.

21. MARSHES BETWEEN WOOLWICH, PLUMSTEAD, AND ERITH,
AND OPPOSITE SHORE.

The flats below Woolwich towards Erith, formerly extensive marshes,
have been drained and converted into pasturage. To this end the
embankment by the river-side has materially contributed ; and conse-
quently aquatic plants, both rare and ordinary, have in a great degree
disappeared ; what remains must be sought for on the margins of the

LOCALITIES.

123

ditches, wherever these may be accessible. To what extent the
embankment has prejudiced the riverside vegetation is not easy to
determine. Subsoil alluvial. The shores and flats on the opposite shore
are of the same character.

*Apium graveolens.

*Artemisia maritima.

*Asparagus officinalis (two or three plants ;

on the other side, more perhaps).
*Aster Tripolium.
*Beta maritima (near Erith).
*Carex divisa; *vulpina.
Caucalis daucoides (?) (near Erith).
*Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus (Erith).
*Cochlearia anglica.
*Conium maculatum.
*Crepis paludosa.

*Cynoglossum officinale (ditch banks to-
wards Erith ; a few plants).
*Festuca sciuroides (pastures).
*Fceniculum vulgare (a few plants).
*Glaux maritima.
*Helminthia echioides.
*Hydrocharis Morsus-ranae.
*Juncus acutiflorus ; *glomeratus, &c.
*Lactuca saligna (near Erith).
*Lepidium ruderale.

*Lepturus filiformis.
*Medicago maculata ; sativa.
*Phragmites communis.
*Plantago maritima.
Polypogon monspeliensis (near the rifle

butts, scarce. W. Reeves.)
*Potamogeton pusillus; *pectinatus.
*Samolus Valerandi.
*Scirpus maritimus.
*Sclerochloa maritima.
*Sinapis nigra.

*Spergularia neglecta (marina seg.).
*Sua'da martima.
*Toi ilis nodosa (banks, plenty).
*Tragopogon pratensis; porrifolius (?)

olim.

*Tritolium maritimum(?) (not seen).
*Triglochin palustre ; *maritimum.
*Typha latifolia.
*Vicia tetrasperma.
*Zannichellia pedicellata.

Sonchus palustris, Leucojum sestivum, Polypogon littoralis, grew here
formerly. The first-mentioned two plants also in the marshes about
Plaistow, on the opposite side of the river, and the other near the powder
magazine, between Woolwich and Erith.

Agrostis Spica-Venti ; between Ilford and Barking.

Dipsacus pilosus ; between Wanstead and Barking.

Lepidium latifolium and Draba ; about Barking.

Gastridium lendigerum, Sclerochloa loliacea, Hypochceris glabra, with
Chenopodium olidum, grew formerly in the Woolwich warren ; may be
there now.

22. PLUMSTEAD COMMON, BOSTALL HEATH, ABBEY WOOD,
ERITH SAND-PITS.

The heights which serve as boundary inland to the flats between
Woolwich and Erith, are between two and three hundred feet high.
Plumstead Common does not exceed a hundred and fifty, with a gradual
rise. It is a gravelly plateau at the foot of Shooter's Hill, furzy and
uneven in the direction of Bostall Heath, with which it is nearly
continuous ; here are sand-pits, and beyond is Abbey Wood ; near it,
towards the flats, are the ruins of Lesnes Abbey. The grounds ot
Belvedere Park come between the wood and the sand-pits at Erith.

ON THE COMMON. ABBEY WOOD.

* Aira flexuosa ; *pnecox.
*Leontodon hirtus; *hispidus.
*Scnebiera Coronopus, &c.
*Spergularia rubra.

Acer campestre.
Betula alba.
Carpinus Betulus.
Clematis Vitalba.

124

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Euonymus europaeus.

Fruxinus excelsior.

Fumaria capreolata (agg.).

Ruscus aculeatus.

Ulmus montana(P); suberosa and var.
(woodland mosses— in plentiful va-
riety).

ERITH SAND-PITS.
*Cbenopodium poly sperm um.

*Lathyrus sylvestris.
*Melilotus officinalis ; alba.
*Papaver Rhoeas ; dubium.
*Pastinaca sativa.
* Reseda Luteola.
*Spergularia rubra.
*Trifulium procumbens ; minus.
Etc., etc.

23. CHISLEHCTRST COMMON,

Three hundred feet above the sea level, consists of two portions ; the
one, turfy and furze-grown, bordered by the village and by the grounds
of Camden House ; the other, east of the old church, of a wilder and
more varied character, surrounded by woods and crossed by the road to
St. Mary Cray. The subsoil is gravel ; and the drainage through wooded
slopes to a brook in the hollow south of the plateau. Several plants of
rare occurrence grew in the bogs and damp bottoms of these woods ; may
be there now, but the woods are all enclosed, with the exception of the
public thoroughfares through them.

WEST COMMON.

Much Furze, with Fern and Heath, intersected by roads and footpaths,
with pools, marshy and gravelly open patches on the borders.

*Alchemilla arvensis.
*Campanula rotundifolia.
*Draba verna.
*Mo3nchia erecta.

*Peplis Portula.

*Sdrpus palustris.

* Vicia sepium (banks).

EAST COMMON.

Heath and Ling interspersed with Bracken, Furze, Blackthorn, Brambles,
and Birch ; moory in parts ; gravel-pits. In the woods, Oak and Birch,
chiefly with the dense undergrowth of Bracken, Holly, and on the borders,
Ye\v.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

* A Ilium ursinum (brook below).

* Alnus glutinosa (hollows below).
*Anagallis tenella.

* Anemone nemorosa.
*Betonica officinalis. -,

Blysmus compressus (bogs) ?
*Campanula rotundifolia.
*Carex vulpina ; *panicea; *sylvestris.
*Centunculus minimus.
*Circ»a lutptiana.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Convallaria majalis (wood left near the

village).

*Digitalis purpurea.
*Euonymus europam.
*EupUorbia amygdaloides.

*Galium uliginosum.
*Hieracium uinbellatum ; *vulgatum.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum hirsutum ; *tetrapterum ;
*humifusum ; Androssemum (wood be-
tween Chislehurst and Bromley).

Impatiens Noli-me-tangere ? (wood).

Lath ram Squamaria (wood S. of bog).

Lathyrus Nissolia (roadside near church).
*Lppidium Smithii.
*Lithospermum officinale (copsa below

wood S. of E. Common).
*Lysimachia Nummularia; *nemorum.
*Ly thrum Salicaria.
*Melampyrum pratense.
*Mpntha sativa; Pulegium; *hirsuta.
*Milium effusum.

LOCALITIES.

125

*Nardus stricta.
*0xalis Acetosella.

Paris quadri folia (Petz bog, also in the
Long Wood) ; olim.

Pinguicula vulgaris (?) (Petz bog);
olim.

Ranunculus parvidorus.
*Rhamnus Frangula (hollow below).
*Ribes rubrum (wood between church and
Bromley) ; Grossularia (wood between
church and Bromley).
*Rosa arvensis.
*Rubus glandulosus ; *carpinifolius ;* pli-

catus (hollow below),
*Ruscus aculeatus.
*Salix repens; *Caprea; *cinerea.
Saxifraga granulata ; *tridactylites.
*Scabiosa succba.
*Scirpus setacea.

Scrophularia vernalis.
*Scntellaria minor.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
*Spira?a Ulmaria.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Vibumum Upulus.

WOOD BETWEEN CHISLEHUEST AND

OBPINGTON.
Dipsacus pilosus.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Chara hispida ; tomentosa.
Dicranella cerviculata.
Equisetum sylvaticum.
Hypnum filicinum, &c.
*Mnium undulatnm (shady bank, road-
side, near St. Mary Cray).

Note. — The country about the Grays is all enclosed or cultivated, and
roadsides too well trimmed for wild plants to flourish.

24. HAYES AND KESTON COMMONS.

These commons are continuous one with the other. Their elevation is over
three hundred feet above the bed of the Thames, with a gravelly subsoil.
A mile or two beyond Keston, this gravel drift disappears, and the chalk
which underlies it comes to the surface ; there are indications of this
approaching change in the character of the soil (in a southerly and
easterly direction) by the occurrence, though sparingly, of two or three
characteristic plants. Between the commons are some reservoirs of spring
water.

HAYES COMMON

Lies to the right of the high-road from Bromley to Westerham, and is
a fine open expanse, overgrown with a short dense scrub of Heath and
Ling ; Furze, Bracken and Broom ; Black-thorn and White-thorn.

*Aira pra^cox; *flexuosa.

*Alchemilla arvensis.

*Campanula rotundifolia.

*Carex pra?cox.

*Cistus Helianthemurn.

*Clematis Vitalba (roadside between the

commons).

*Cuscuta Epithymum.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
Galium verum; cruciatum.
*Hypericum pulchrum ; *humifusum.
*Linum catharticum.
*Lotus cormculatus.
*Marrubium vulgare (near the mill).
*Melampyrum pratense.
*Mc nyan'thes trifoliata (bog).

*0rnithopus pcrpusillus.
*0xalis Acetosella.
*Pimpinclia Saxifraga.
*Potentilla Tormentilla.
*Rhamnus Frangula.
*Rumex Acetosella.
*Ruscus aculeatus.
*Spergula arvensis.
*Spergularia rubra.
* Tencr ium Scorodonia.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
*Triodia dccumbens.
*Viola sylvatica.

Wahlenbergia hederacea (about one of
the reservoirs) ?

126

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

KESTON COMMON

Stands on higher ground and is higher at the upper than at the lower end,
which adjoins the preceding ; fronting the windmill is a hollow with
boggy ground extending downwards, and on the other side of the slope
beyond is a reservoir fed by a spring known as Cassar's Well ; this reservoir
flows into another larger and enclosed one. The spring is in fact the
source of the Ravensbourne rivulet. Bordering the common on one side
is Holwood Park, where are extensive remains of an ancient entrenched
town or camp. On the other side is a wood sloping to the south-west.
The common is overgrown with Furze, Bracken, and Ling.

*Anagallis tenella.

*Briza media.

*Carduus pratensis.

*Carex flava ; stellulata ; *panicea.

* Digitalis purpurea (copse near).
*Drosera rotundifolia.

* Erica Tetralix.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Filago minima.
*Galium palustre.

*Genista anglica ; tinctoria (?).
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum Elodes ; *pulchrum ; *tetra-
pterum.

Lepidium Smithii.
*Linum catharticum.

Listera ovata (bordering wood ?).

* Lychnis Flos-cuculi ; *diurna.
*Ly>imachia Nummularia ; *riemorum

(adjoining wood).
*Molinia caerulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*Narthecium ossifragum.
*0rchis maculata.
*0robus tuberosus.

*Pedicularis sylvatica ; *palustris.
*Polygala vulgaris.
*Potamogeton polygonifolius.

Radiola Millegrana.
*Ranunculus sceleratus.
*Rubus Idaeus.

Scirpus sctaceus; *fluitans; *multi-
caulis.

*Scutellaria minor ; *galericulata.
*Snarganinm ramosum.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
*Trifolium filiforme ; arvense.
*Vaccinium Myrtillus.

* Veronica scutellata; *serpyllirolia;

*Anagallis ;* Beccabunga.

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum (?).

* Bert ram ia fontana.
*Lomaria Spicant.
*Lycopodium inundatum.
*Nephrodium Filix-mas.

Polypodium vulgare.
*Sphagnum cuspidatum.

APPENDIX.

About Bromley : Arabis perfoliata (abundant formerly) ; Dianthus Ar-
meria ; *Potentilla argentea (sandy banks) ; Verbascum Lychnitis ? (seen
at Bickley) ; *Thapsus (hedge on the common) ; on the chalk towards
Down, Gentiana Amarella. From Down towards Cudham and Knockholt
Beeches, other plants of the chalk formation will be met with ; fields near,
Camelina sativa.

25. SHIRLEY COMMON AND THE ADDINGTON HILLS.

South-east of Croydon, and over four hundred feet in height ; western
slope undulating and furrowed at intervals, with lines of drainage ; level
above, and bordered on the east by Addington Park palings ; sand-pits at
the upper extremity. Below, a pond and some wet places, a strip of
copse, and a plantation beyond, in the direction of Croham Hurst. Sub-

LOCALITIES.

127

soil, gravel. At the further extremity of the plantation, and facing this
elevation, is a chalk-pit. The common and hills are covered with Heath ;
a cross road leads towards Shirley from the Addington road, through the
copse at the foot of the slope.

ope.

*Alchemilla arvensis.

Blysmus compressus (bogs near).

Carex dioica ; pulicaris (bogs near) ;
*prsecox ; *binervis.

Centunculus minimus.
*Cerastium semidecandrum.

Drosera intermedia (bogs near).

Eriophorum vaginatum.
*Erodium cicutarium.
*Genista anglica.

Hypericum Elodes.
*Moenchia erecta.
*Molinia caarulea (ravines).
*Myosotis versieolor.

Narthecium ossifragum.
*Polygala vulgaris.

Rhynchospora alba (bog).
*Saxifraga granulata (near the pond).
*Trifolium subterraneum.

Viola palustris (meadow near).

Note.— The bog is on the road to Wickham ; on inquiry, could hear of no
other on or about the common.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Bartramia fontana.

Botrychium Lunaria (?).
Lomaria Spicant.
Lycopodium Selago.

ADDENDA.

Chalk-pit referred to : *Linaria minor.

*Helianthemum vulgare ; surrejanum (borders of a wood near ? om
Gravel-pits and waste gravelly places about Croydon : *Medica2o macu-
lata, lupulina, falcata ? ; Dianthus Armeria ; Malva moschata.

Duppas Hill: Dianthus deltoides ; Silene anglica, quinquevulnera, olim.
Watery places near Croydon : Limosella aquatica.

26. CROHAM HURST AND THE ADJOINING FIELDS, BANKS, AND
ROADSIDES.

Opposite the Addington Hills, from which it is separated by a narrow
vale, is Croham Hurst, an isolated ridge, four or five hundred feet hizh of
pebbly gravel, resting upon chalk and surrounded by bordering banks of
this formation. It extends for nearly a mile in the direction of Selsdon
and Sanderstead ; furzy and heathy on the narrow ledge above, but well
wooded on the flanks. The roads leading to the above-named' localities
are prolific in chalk plants, others grow in the adjoining fields. Altogether
the flora of this locality is a very varied one, although, probably no
longer so abundant as may have been the case formerly.

Aceras anthropophora.
*Adoxa moschatellina.
*Ajuga Chama?pitys (fields).

Anchusa arvensis (fields).
*Anemone nemorosa.
*Anthyllis Vulneraria.

Aquilegia vulgaris.

Arenaria serpyllifolia ; trinervis.
*Asperula cynanchica.

Astragalus Glycyphyllos.

*Betonica officinalis.
*Bunium flexuosum.
*Calamintha Clinopodium ; *Acinos.

Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Centaurea Scabiosa ; *nigra

Chlora perfoliata.
-*Circaea lutetiana.
*Clematis Vitalba.
*Convallaria majalis.

128

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Cuscuta Epithymum.
*Daucus Carota.

* Digitalis purpurea.
*Echium vulgare.

* Erica cinerea; *Tetralix (sides of ridge).
Krigeron acris.

Epipactis latifolia (?).
*Euphorbia amygdaloidps ; exigua.
*Fumaria officinalis (fields).
Galanthus nivalis.
*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields near).
*'-}alium tricorne (fields); *verum.
*Genista anglica.
Gentiana Amarella.
Geranium culumbinum.
*Gymnadi-niaconopsea (bordering banks).

Habenaria bi folia (?).
*Helianthemum vulgare.
*Hieracium vulgatum; *umbellatum.
*Hippocrepis comosa.
*Hvpericum perforatum ; *hirsutum.
Lamium Galeobdolon.
*Lepidium campestre (fields).
*Linaria spuria.
*Linum catharticum.
Listera ovata.

Lithospermum arvense (fields).
* Lotus corniculatus.
*Lysimachia nemorum.
*Melampyrum pratense.
*Mercuriaiispereimis; annua.
*Myosotis versicolor.
Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus (farm).
*Nepeta Cataria (roadside).
Onobrychis sativa.
*0nonis arvensis.

Ophrys muscifera ; apifera (?) (bordering
banks).
*0rchis mascula ; pyramidalis.

''Origanum vulgare.
*()robanche minor (clover fields near).
*0robus tuberosus.

*Phyteuma orbicularis (road to Sander-
stead).
*Polygala vulgaris.

Potentilla argentea.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula vulgaris.
*Prunus Cerasus (woods).
*Reseda lutea.

Rosa spinosissima ; rubiginosa.
*Ruscus aculeatus.
*Sanicula europaea.
*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.
*Scilla nutans.
Sedum Telephium.
Serratula tinctoria.
*Sherar<iia arvensis.
*Silene inflata.
Specularia hybrida (fields).
Spiraea Filipendula.
Stachys arvensis (fields near).
*Tamus europseus.
*Taxus communis.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
Thesium humifusum (?).
*Thymus Serpyllum.
Tri folium scabrum.
*Vaccinium Myrtillus.
Valerianella dentata (fields).
*Verbascum nigrum ; Lychnitis (?).
* Viburnum Lan tana ; *0pulus.
Vinca minor (?).
Viola canina (flavicornis var.).

CRYPTOGAMS.
Polypodium vulgare.
Trichostomum canescens.

27. PURLEY DOWNS AND RIDDLESDOWN, SMITHAM BOTTOM.

Beyond Croham Hurst, and distant three miles from Croydon. Purlei
Downs are in part enclosed, and converted into a rifle practising ground
direction north and south, and sloping westwards into a vale below
beyond which rises the east flank of Riddlesdown. But as the direction o
this chalk hill is south-east and north-west, a section of country i
tervenes which is of an undulating character, and thus the further <
Riddlesdown abuts upon the Brighton road at Caterham Junction, wniJ
its south-westerly flank bounds Caterham Valley to the north-eastward
Smooth grassy downs, with scattered Juniper in places ; subsoil, chalk
elevation about five hundred feet. At Smitham Bottom is a large
pit, right of the Brighton road. At Caterham Junction and at Ride
down are other and more extensive quarries.

Aceras anthropophora (?) * Arabia birsuta.

Ajuga CUamajpitys (fields near). *Arenaria trmervis (bordering fields).

Authyllis Vulneraria (pits and banks). *Asperula cynanchica.

LOCALITIES.

129

*Briza media.

*Calamintha Clinopodium ; *Acinos.

*Carduus acaulis.

*Chlora perfoliata (about the pits).

*Clematis Vitalba (hedges near).

*Daucus Carota.

*Echium vulgare (chalk pits mostly).

*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields near).

Gentiana Amarella.
*Geranium Robertianum (pits).

Gymnadenia conopsea.
*Habenaria viridis.
*Helianthemum vulgare.

Herniinium Monorchis.
*Hippocrepis comosa (chalk pits).
*Hypericum hirsutum ; *montanum
(copse near Caterham Junction) ; *per-
foratum.

*Jasione montana.
*Juniperus communis.
*Linaria minor (pits and fields).
*Linum catharticum.
*Nepeta Cataria (Smitham Bottom).
*0nobrychis sativa.
*0nouis arvensis.

*0nopordum Acanthium (Smitham Bot-
tom, a plant or two).
Ophrys muscifera (?) ; apifera (?).
Orchis pyramidalis.

*0riganum vulgare.

*Parietaria diffusa.

*Pbyteuma orbicularis.

*Plantago media.

*Poterium Sanguisorba.

*Reseda lutea ; *Luteola.

*Rosa spinosissima ; *rubiginosa; *mi-
crantha (copses, Riddlesdown).

*Scabiosa Columbaria ; *arvensis.

*Sclerochloa rigida (bordering fields).

*Spirasa Filipendula.
Spiranthes autumnalis.

*Thymus Serpyllum.

*Verbascum nigrum (Smitham Bottom,
also chalk-pits); *Thapsus (pits);
*Lychnitis (pit at Riddlesdown— plen-
tiful).

Verbascum nigrum (about the railway-
station, Caterham Junction).

* Viburnum Lantana.

28. FARDEN (OR FARTHING) DOWNS ; WITH COULSDON AND
KENLEY COMMON.

Two miles beyond Caterham Junction, and left of the Brighton road are
Farthing Downs, and separated from the high ground about Coulsdon by a
valley running from north-west to south-east, towards Upper Caterham.
On either side of the road, the chalky slopes are cultivated ; right of it,
however, are two small unenclosed patches, with Juniper and other scrub
upon them. Here —

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cynanchica.
*Briza media.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Helianthemum vulgare.
*Linum catharticum.
*0nobrychis sativa.
*Reseda lutea.
*Rosa micrantha.
*Scabiosa Columbaria.
*Spirsea Filipendula.
*Thymus Serpyllum.

BORDEBS OF FIELDS ABOUT THESE

PATCHES.

*Ajuga Chamaepitys.

*Calamintha Acinos ; Clinopodium.

*Carduus nutans.

*Crepis taraxacifolia.

*Galeopsis Ladanum.

*Linaria minor.

*Papaver Argemone.

*Reseda lutea.

*Scabiosa arvensis.

TOWARDS THE STATION.
*Centaurea Cyanus (roadside).
*Echium vulgare.

Farthing Downs, a mile or so in extent, bare, covered with short turf,
and a scanty surface soil over the chalk.

*Cnicus acaulis.
*Plantago media.

HEDGE AND BORDERING BANK LEFT.
*Arabis hirsuta.

*Cistus Helianthemum.

*Daucus Carota.

*Gymnadenia conopsea (also small white

variety).
*Linum catharticum.

130

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

BORDERS or THE WOOD BEYOND.
*0rcliis maculata.

*0phrys muscifera.
*Tamus europaeus.
*Taxus communis.
*Valeriana officinalis.

Hills on the Coulsdon side; slopes cultivated, wooded above. Oak,
Beech, Ash, Black-thorn, Hazel, Viburnum Lantana, Cornus sanguinea,
Prunus Cerasus, Clematis.

ON THE BORDERING BANKS.

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cynanchica.
*Centaurea Scabiosa.
*Daucus Carota.
*Echium vulgare.
*Fragaria vesca.
*Gymnadenia conopsea.
*Hippocrepis comosa.
*Hypericum hirsutum.

Coulsdon Common, a level expanse, overgrown with Furze, Heath,
Bracken, and scattered White-thorn. Kenley Common is an open grassy
level expanse, with but little Furze upon it. About Coulsdon (in addition
to the above),

*Linum catharticum.

*0nobrychis sativa.

*0rchis pyramidalis.

*Reseda lutea.

*Rubus glandulosus.

*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Coluinbaria.

* Verbena officinalis.

FIELDS NEAR COULSDON.
*Scandix Pecten- Veneris.

Aceras anthropophora (?).

Acorus Calamus.

Actinocarpus Damasonium.

Adoxa moschatellina.

Agrostis Spica-Venti.
*Aira flexuosa.

Allium ursinum.

Alsine tenuifolia.
*Anagallis arvensis ; carulea.

Aquilegia vulgaris.

Astragalus Glycyphyllos.

Atropa Belladonna.

*Bunium flexuosum (wood towards Ken-
ley).

Buxus sempervirens.

Carex prsecox; *glauca; pilulifera: syl-
vatica; pendula.

Centunculus minimus.

Cephalanthera grandiflora.
*Chlora perfoliata.

Convallaria majalis.

Corydalis claviculata.
*Cuscuta Epithymum.

Daphne Mezereum.

Dianthus Armeria ; deltoides.

Erigeron acris.

*Erythraea Centaurium.

Euonymus europseus.

Euphorbia platyphylla.

Festuca duriuscula.

*Fumaria parviflora.

*Galium tricorne ; *cruciatum.

Habenaria viridis.

Helleboms viridis.

Hottonia palustris.

Hyper i cum Androseemum.
*Koeleria cristata (Kenley Common).
*Lamium Galeobdolon.

Lathrasa squamaria.
*Lathyrus sylvestris.

Leonurus Cardiaca (?).

Limosella aquatica.

Linaria spuria ; Elatine.

Luzula Forsteri.

*Melampyrum pratense (wood towards
Kenley).

Mentha Pulegium.

Monotropa Hypopitys.

Neottia Nidus-avis.

Ophrys apifera ; arachnites (?).

Orchis Morio.

Orobanche minor ; elatior.
*0xalis corniculata.
*Papaver somniferum.
*Petroselinum segetum.

Phyteuma orbiculare.

Pimpinelia magna.
* Primula vulgaris; omcinalis; elatior.

Pyrus communis.

Kadiola Millegrana.

Ranunculus parviflorus ; *auricomus.
*Rhamrius catharticus ; Frangula.

Ribes rubrum ; Grossularia.
*Ruscus aculeatus.

Scilla autumnalis (?).
*Sison Amomum.

Spiraea Filipendula.

Spiranthes autumnalis.

LOCALITIES.

131

*Thesium linophyllum (towards Kenley).

* Friodia decumbens.
Veronica montana.

* Viola sylvestris ; *hirta; palustris; *ar-

vensis ; odorata.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Botrychium Lunaria.
Ophioglossum vulgatum.

Note. — What extent of country the term " about " Coulsdon (D, Cooper)
may cover is uncertain ; it may include Caterham and Riddlesdown, as well
as Farthing Downs and Kenley Common. On Coulsdon Common there are
but few moory spots, and only one or two shallow pools. The weeds are
enclosed.

ADDENDA.

Wood beyond Farthing Downs, near Chaldon, Galanthus nivalis both
sides of lane.

29. SUTTON AND BANSTEAD DOWNS, WITH BORDERING FIELDS.

This section of the North Downs extends westwards from Croydon, and
attains near Banstead an altitude of five hundred and fifty feet. But
the rise is very gradual from the gravelly plain, which intervenes between
it and the southern heights of London. Towards Carshalton and Suit-on
the slopes are cultivated ; but the soil is poor and chalky. Banstead
Down is furze-grown ; in some parts the turf is composed of Helianthemum
and much cut up with rabbit holes ; westward the furze gives place to
Juniper, and beyond this, in the direction of Cheam and Epsom, are cul-
tivated fields. A branch railway from Sutton has been opened up to
Banstead and the racecourse on the Epsom Downs. Surface soil, gravel ;
subsoil, chalky grit with flint.

ROADSIDE FROM CARSHALTON TO
BANSTEAD.

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.

Arenaria serpyllifolia (fields).
*Bartsia Odontites (fields).
*Bromus erectus (pit at Carshalton).
*Centaurea Scabiosa ; *jacea.

Chelidonium majus (chalk-pit, and about
Carshalton, &c.).
*Cichorium Intybus.
*Clematis and *Cornus sanguinea (hedge).

Crepis taraxadfolia (about Sutton).
*Daucus Carota.

Echium vulgare.

Euphorbia exigua.
*0nobrychis sativa.
*0nonis arvensis.
*0riganum vulgare.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Reseda lutea.

*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria (in pro-
fusion, pasture left).

Sherardia arvensis (fields).

Silene inflata.

Specularia hybrida (fields).
*Thymus Serpyllum.

Viola tricolor ; Valerianella, &c.

ON THE DOWNS, ETC.
*Ajuga Chamaepitys (fields beyond).
*Asperula cynanchica.
*Avena pubescens.
*Briza media.

Calamintha Acinos (fields).
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carex glauca ; *flava.
*Carlina vulgaris.

Caucalis daucoides (fields).

Crepis fcetida (?), biennis (?), (olim).
*Erica cinerea.

Euphrasia officinalis.
*Filago germanica.
*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields beyond).
*Gentiana Amarella (scarce).

Habenaria viridis ?
* Helianthemum vulgare.
*Linum catharticum.

Onobrychis sativa.
*Polygala vulgaris.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.

Ranunculus parviflorus-.
*Rosa micrantha.
*Scabiosa Columbaria.

K 2

132

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Scleranthus perennis (fields beyond ? ).
*Sedum acre (plenty about Sutton).
*Spiraa Filipendula.

Spiranthes autumnalis.
Thesium humifusum ?
*Viola Mrta, var. calcarea ?

Note. — The upper portion of the Downs, where Thesium and the Orchids
may have grown, is now cut up by the railway and enclosed.

ADDENDA.

Near Ewell, Sambucus Ebulus ; Papaver hybridum.

Epsom Downs : these are a continuation of the Banstead Downs in a
south-westerly direction. They are open plains, free from Furze and
Juniper. *Carduus acaulis ; *Spirsea Filipendula ; *Erythrsea Centau-
rium ; *Cistus Helianthemum ; *Poterium Sanguisorba. In the warren
adjoining : *Campanula glomerata ; with *Cistus in profusion. Copse
towards Ashtead Park : *Campanula Trachelium.

Epsom Common, on the other side of the town, and fronting the chalk-
downs, but of lower elevation, is a turfy furze-grown waste ; the Furze
dense, and mingled with Bracken and Ling ; subsoil, gravel. *Salix
repens ; *Potentilla Tormentilla ; *Junci and coarse Grasses, &c.

Fields bordering the Downs at Epsom : Linaria Elatine ; Bupleurum
rotundifolium ? (dim) ; Myosurus minimus ; Fumaria parviflora, &c.

On a farm one and a half miles from Banstead Park, Ashtead Park :
Tilia parviflora. Cornfields between Ashtead and Leatherhead : Camelina
sativa.

30. DITTON MARSH AND ESHER COMMONS.

Ditton Marsh, about three miles west of Kingston, is traversed at its
upper end by the Portsmouth road and South-Western railway. Its
longest diameter is from north to south, and, inclusive of Western Green
(near the Thames Ditton station, on the branch line to Hampton Court), a
mile in length. It is perfectly level, furze-grown for the most part, and
generally wet and marshy. A rill runs along its eastern border, and there
are ditches and drains by the railway .embankment ; there are also at this
end and on the green adjoining several ponds, but the water on the marsh,
at any rate on its lower portion, does not seem to find an outlet in any of
these receptacles. Subsoil, gravel.

*Achillea Ptarmica.
*Actinocarpus Damasonium (pond).
*Aira caespitosa.
*Anthemis nobilis.

Arnoseris pusilla (sandy fields, about).

Barbarea praecox (wastes about Ditton).
*Betonica officinalis.
*Calluna vulgaris.
*Campanula rotundifolia.
*Carduus palustris ; *pratensis.

Carex vesicaria (near Esher station) ;

pallescens (copse near Hook).
*Ceratophyllum aquaticum (pond).
*Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus (near Dit-
ton station).
*Erica Tetralix.

*Hieracium umbellatum.

*Hordeum pratense.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Inula Pulicaria (roadside); Helenium

(meadow near Hook).
*Limosella aquatica (pond between marsh

and green).
*Mentha Pulegium.
*Molinia caarulea.
*Myosotis caespitosa (ditches).
*Myriophyllum alternifolium.
*CEnanthe fistulosa.
*0nonis spinosa.
*Polygonum minus.

*Trifolium subterraneum (Ditton Green).
*Ulex Gallii, etc.

LOCALITIES.

133

ABOUT THAMES DITTON.
Alopecurus agrestis (.cornfields).
Chenopodium polyspermum (gardens).
(Enanthe Phellandrium (ditches).
Scilla autumnalis.

Slum latifolium (ditch between village
and the green).
Solanum nigrum.

CORNFIELDS AND MEADOWS TOWARDS

TELEGRAPH HILL.
*Agrostis Spica-Venti.
*Anchusa arvensis.
*Antirrhinum Orontium.
*Chrysanthemum segetum.
*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli.
*Sinapis arvensis.

TELEGRAPH HILL, IN THE WOOD.
*Circgea lutetiana.
*Fragaria ve^ca.
Luzula Forsteri.
*Lysimachia nemoralis.

Esher Common proper, with adjacent Abrook Common and Oxshott Hill,
are situated south of Ditton Marsh and to the eastward of Claremont.
Collectively they cover a considerable tract of unenclosed heathy land,
inclusive, on the Claremont side, of a sandy ridge planted with Fir-trees.
The commons are marshy, and drained by the rill above mentioned; there
are several swampy pools upon them, of which one has been partially
drained. Subsoil, gravel ; in some spots sandy or peaty.

It is crossed by a road from Esher to Oxshott, and approached from
Ditton by Hare Lane. A road from Esher runs also by the side of the
park palings. Oxshott Hill is a sandy heath.

Note. — These plantations of Fir-trees and sandy hills, with occasional
intervening sandy fields, extend in a south-westerly direction towards
Chertsey and Woking, and are a peculiar feature of this part of Surrey.

*Valeriana officinalis, &c.

BORDERING FIELDS.
*Bromus secalinus.
*Gastridium lendigerum (scarce).
Hypochceris glabra, &c. (H. C. Watson).
*Silene anglica.
*Spergula arvensis.
*Valerianella dentata.

LANES AND BUSHY PLACES ABOUT

CLAYGATE.
*Carex divulsa.
*Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Hypericum Androsasnmm.
Iris fcetldissima (?) (sparingly).
Myosurus minimus (fields near Clay-
gate).

*Poa nemoralis.
*Ranunculus auricomus.
Rosa tomentosa.
Ruscus aculeatus.
*Tamus communis.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

*Aira caespitosa.

*Alchcmilla arvensis (by the park pa-
lings).

*Anthemis nobilis.

*Betonica officinalis.
Bunium flexuosum.

*Campanula rotuudifolia ; Rapunculus
(sparingly (?) olim).

*Carduus pratensis ; *palustris.

*Carex flava; *vulgaris; *glauca; *pa-
nicea ; *binervis ; *praecox (by the park
palings) ; *pilulifera (sandhill).

*Drosera rotundifolia ; *intermedia.

*Epilobmm palustre.

*Eriophorum angustifolium.

*Erythnea Centaurium.

*Euphrasia officinalis.
Filago spathulata (about Ditton and
Esher).

Gastridium lendigerum (cornfield near

Oxshott Hill).
*Genista anglica.

Gentiana Piieumonanthe (sparingly be-
hind farmhouse on the Oxshott road,

H. C. Watson).
*Hieracium umbellatum ; * vulgatum

(roadside hedges towards Oxshott) ; tri-

dentatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum pulchrum ; *Elodes ; *humi-

fusum; *tetrapterum.
Hypocho?ris glabra ? (by the park palings ;

olim).

*Juncus squarrosus.

*Leontodon hirtus (by the park palings).
*Linaria Elatine and *minor (cornfield

near Oxshott Hill).
" Littorella lacustris.
*Lotus major.

134

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Rhynchospora alba (foot of Oxshott Hill).

*Salix repens; pentandra (enclosure be-
hind second farmhouse on Oxshott
road).

*Scirpus caespitosus ; *setaceus ; *fluitans.

*Scutellaria minor ; *galericulata.

*Sparganium simplex.

* Tamus commuuis (hedges).

*Thymus Serpyllum.

*UlexGallii.
Vicia lathyroides ?

*Mentha arvensis (Oxshott Hill; corn-
field below).

*Molinia ca?rulea.

*Myosotis palustris ; *c£espitosa.

*Narthecium ossifragum (foot of Oxshott
Hill).

*(Enanthe fistulosa.

*Pedicularis sylvestris.

*Pimpinella Saxifraga.

*Potentilla Torinentilla.

*Kadiola Millegrana (scarce).

* Ranunculus tripartitus (Hare Lane).

Beyond Esher and to the right of the Portsmouth road is a hilly slope
called Winter Downs, and below is Esher West-end Common, where there
are some ponds and some marshy land ; on the slope right of the downs
proper, is a patch of scrub enclosing a small bog. Drains have been
cut across the common, and it is now used as rifle-practising ground ;
subsoil, gravel ; of the hill, sand.

* Actinocarpus Damasonium (lower pond ;

plenty in 1875).
*Anagallis tenella (bog).
*Carex remota (lane beyond).
*Circsea lutetiana (lane beyond).
*Drosera rotundifolia (bog).
*Erica cinerea ; Tetralix.
*ftriophoron angustifolium (bog).
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Mentha Pulegium (margins of pond) .
*Menyanthes trifoliata.
*Myosotis csespitosa.
*Narthecium ossifragum.
*Ranunculus peltatus ; *hederaceus.
*Scirpus acicularis (sandy patches by the

lower pond).
*Teesdalia nudicaulis (Winter Downs).

* Valeriana officinalis (lane beyond).
CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnion paiustre (bogs).

*Bartramia pomiformis (bank, further end
of Oxshott Hill).

*Bryum erythrocarpum (Winter Downs).

*Chara vulgaris (pond, Weston Green).

*Hypnum stellatum (bog, Winter Downs).

*Leucobryum glaucum (under the Fir-
trees on ridge, west slope).
Lomaria Spicant.

*Lycopodium inundatum.

*Pilularia globulifera (pond opposite
front of Claremout, on Esher Common).

*Pteris aquilina.

*Sphagnum cymbifolium ; *acuti folium.

ADDENDA.

Copses beyond Oxshott Hill, near Jacob's Well,* Primula vulgaris in
profusion ; clover field, Chessington, Crepis fcetida ; fourth field from
Chessington Church, towards Epsom, Linum angustifolium ; near Chessing-
ton, and about Hook, Valerianella Auricula.

31. MOULSEY HURST, AND BANKS OF THE MOLE, ABOUT
MOULSEY AND ESHER.

Moulsey Hurst is an open grassy plain with a gravelly subsoil, by the
Thames, opposite Hampton, and is used on occasion as a race-course. At
its eastern extremity are some shallow disused gravel-pits, and near these
a marshy patch. The Mole enters the Thames at the bridge, East
Moulsey. It is a sluggish winding river, with banks bordered by Willows.
The bordering meadows are somewhat damp, but not marshy; subsoil
alluvial.

LOCALITIES.

135

ON THE HURST.
*Anthemis nobilis.
*Carduus acaulis.
, Carex disticha (H. C. Watson).

Juncus obtusiflorus (marshy corner).

Koeleria cristata (gravel pits).
*Mo3ncbia erecta.
*Plantago media.

Potentilla argentea.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
*Tri1olium subterraneum.
*Scilla autumnalis (near the gravel pits).

Lanes and roadsides between Moulsey
and the meadows : —
*Fumaria officinalis.
*Galium cruciatum ; verum.

*Lamium incisum.
*Myosotis colliria.

River-side and meadows going by the
footpath across the fields to the mills,
Esher :—
*Allium vineale.

*CEnanthe crocata (ditch by the path).
*0rchis mascula ; *Morio.
*Poterium Sanguisorba (brought down by

floods from the chalk slopes ?).
*Primula veris.
*Ribes nigrum.
*Salix alba ; *fragilis ; *purpurea, var.

CRYPTOGAMS.
*Tortula subulata (stumps of trees).

ADDENDA.

By the Thames, opposite Hampton,* Diplotaxis tenuifolia ; opposite

Ditton, Salix rubra ; between E. Moulsey Church and Ember Bridge,

Leersia oryzoides ; roadside from bridge to W. Moulsey, Trifolium
glomeratum ?

32. BANKS OF THE COLNE, BETWEEN UXBR1DGE AND
HAREFIELD.

The Colne flows in a dual stream, with a canal in connexion with it.
Its waters are clear, and the current moderately swift. The meadows
through which it meanders are generally marshy, and, though drained,
are subject to floods when the waters are high. The low hills on the
eastern side of the vale about Harefield are wooded ; above, a gravelly
subsoil overlies the chalk, but below the chalk is apparent. On the
opposite side are low chalk hills at a little distance, free from trees and
scrub. Towards Uxbridge this formation disappears. By the canal is a
towing-path, and at Harefield are chalk-pits ; Harefield Common, formerly
an extensive open district, has all been enclosed ; it possessed a rich
and varied flora, of which particulars were recorded by Blackstone
(A.D. 1800). Old Park Wood is private property, permission must be ob-
tained to visit it ; Moor Park is free, but there is not much out of the
common within its precincts. . The lane from Harefield towards Rickmans-
worth, between the road and the canal, leads to a farm near that town.
Bacher Heath, by the high-road, is a small patch of Furze, Heath, Brake,
and Bramble, with a moory hollow on its north-west border, and a wood
beyond.

Banks of the canal, river, and adjoining
moors, ditches, &c. : —

Acorus Calamus.
Actinocarpus Damasonium
about Uxbridge), olim.

(ponds

Alisma ranunculoides.
*Alyssum incanum (two or three plants ;

may be more ; casual).
*Angelica sylvestris.
*Arctium majus.
*Artemisia vulgaris.

136

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

*Butomus imibellatus.

*Caltha palustris.

*Cardamine amara (Harefield)

*Carex riparia ; *paniculata ; *vulpina.

*Digraphis arundinacea.

Drosera rotundifolia (bogs, Uxbridge).
*Epilobium hirsutum ; *parviflorum.
*p]upatorium cannabinum.
*Galeopsis Tetrahit.
*Glyceria aquatica.
*Helosciadium nodosum.
*Hippuris vulgaris.
*Hypericum tetrapterura.
*Hypochoeris Morsus-ranae.
*Impatiens fulva.

Inula Helenium (meadows near Hare-
field, and at Breakspears).
*Iris Pseudacorus.

*Lysimachia vulgaris ; Nummularia.
*Ly thrum Salicaria.
*Malva moschata.
*Molinia cserulea.

Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus.
*Nuphar lutea.

Nymphaga alba.

*(Enanthe Phellandrium ; fluviatilis ; *fis-
tulosa.

Orchis latifolia.

Ornithogalum umbellatum ?

Parnassia palustris (Harefield).
*Pedicularis sylvatica ; palustris.

Petasites vulgaris.
*Phragmites vulgaris.
*Polygonum amphibium.

Ranunculus Lingua (Uxbridge Moor).
*Rumex Hydrolapathum.
.*Sagina nodosa (canal-side and moor).
*Sagittaria sagittifolia.
*Salixalba; *fragilis; *cinerea; *vimina-
lis ; pentandra (near the brick-kiln).

Sambucus Ebulus (Uxbridge Moor).
*Scutellaria galericulata.
*Senecio aquaticus.
*Silaus pratensis (abundant).
*Sium angustifolium (abundant).
*Solanum Dulcamara.
*Sparganium ramosum.
*Spireea Ulmaria.
*Stachys palustris.
*Stellaria aquatica (abundant).
*Tanacetum vulgare.
*Thalictrum flavum (scarce).
*Triglochin palustre.
* Viburnum Opulus.

Woods, banks, roadsides, chalk-pits, &c.

Aceras arithropophora ?
*Achillea Ptarmica (Bacher Heath).
*Adoxa moschatellina.

Alopecurus agrestis (fields).
*Asperula odorata.

Astragalus Glycyphyllos.

*Betonica officinalis.

Buxus sempervirens.

Calamagrostis Epigejos.
*Calamintba Clinopodium ; *Nepeta (lane

leading to the river, a plant or two) ;

*Acinos.

*Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis ; nutans.
*Carex sylvatica.

Carlina vulgaris.
*Chlora perfoliata.
*Clematis Vitalba.
*Daphne Laureola.

Dentaria bnlbilera (Old Park Wood

plenty, and Garrett Wood).
*Digitalis purpurea.
*Erythraea Centaurium.
*Euonymus europaaus.
*Euphorbia amygdaloides ; exigua.
*Euphrasia officinalis (Bacher Heath).

Galium cruciatum.
*Genista anglica (Bacher Heath).
*Gentiana Amarella (plentiful).
*Geranium dissectum ; lucidum (lane
leading to the river).

Gnaphalium sylvaticum (groves, Bartles-
well).

Gymnadenia conopsea.

Hyoscyamus niger.
*Hypericum perforatum; *hirsutum ;

Androsasmum.
*lnula Conyza.
*Lainium Galeobdolon.

Lathraaa Squamaria (lane leading to the
river).

Limosella aquatica (Warren pond,

Breakspears).
*Linaria vulgaris ; *spuria ; *Elatine ;

*minor.
*Linum catharticum.

Listera ovata.
*Luzula pilosa.
*Lysimachia nemorum.
*Melilotus officinalis ; *alba.
*Mentha Pulegium; sativa (Bacher

Heath).
*Molinia caarulea (Bacher Heath).

Neottia Nidus-avis (Whiteheath Wood).
*0nonis arvensis.
*0rchis mascula ; *pyramidalis ; militaris

(?); ustulata.
*0riganum vulgare.
*0xalis Acetosella.

Paris quadrifolia (Old Park Wood).
*Picris hieracioides.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula veris (fields) ; *vulgaris.

Pyrus Aria; Aucuparia.
*Reseda lutea ; *Luteola.

Rhamnus catharticus (hedges) ; Fran-
gula.

Ribes rubrum and nigrum (meadows
and copses Warren pond, Breakspears).

LOCALITIES.

137

WHITE HEATH WOOD.
Sambucus Ebulus (meadow at Break-
spears).

*Sanicula europasa.
*Scilla nutans.

Thymus Serpyllum.
*Ulex Gallii (Bacher Heath).

* Viburnum Lantana.
Viola hirta.

CRYPTOGAMS.

Aspidium aculeatum (Old Park Wood).
Equisetum sylvaticum.
Eucalypta vulgaris.
.Nephrodium cristatum (Bartleswell),

33. COLNEY HEATH.

North of the ridge referred to in preceding sections as extending east-
wards and westwards of Stanmore Heath, there are no indications of
more than a very gradual inclination towards Hatfield and St. Albans.
About midway between these towns, and a mile or so from the Spring
Field station on the branch line of railway which connects them, is an
unenclosed patch of common, partly furze-grown, known as Colney Heath ;
the sluggish rivulet which drains it is a feeder of the Colne. The higher
furze-grown portion is on the western border ; the banks of the rivulet
are swampy ; subsoil, gravel. Shady lanes lead to it from different direc-
tions, and in the immediate neighbourhood areN. Mimms and Tittenhanger
Parks; adjoining the common, and opposite a windmill, is a detached
heathy portion, upon which are some pools.

*Bidens tripartite.
*Calluna vulgaris.

Carduus pratensis ; acaulis.

Carex pilulifera; vt/sicaria ?

Carlina vulgaris f

Centunculus minimus ?
*Epilobium palustre ; obscurum.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Gentiana campestris (among the Furze,

end towards the windmill).
*Helosciadium nodiflorum ; *inundatum.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Inula Pulicaria.

Lytnrum hyssopifolium ? olim (and in

an adjoining field).
*Mentha Pulegium.
*Menyanthes trifoliata.

Moenchia erecta.
*CEnanthe fistulosa.
*Polygonum minus.

Potamogeton rufescens ; acutifolius.

Radiola Millegrana.

Scute llaria minor.
*Sparganium simplex.

Trigfochin palustre.

Ulex Gallii.

Neighbouring lanes, &c., towards Ead-
lett, N. Mimms, Springfield, St. Albans :—

*Betonica officinalis.
*Calamintha Clinopodium.
*Campanula rotundifolia.
*Circaea lutetiana.
*Clematis Vitalba.
*Digitalis purpurea.
*Euphorbia exigua (cornfields).
*Galeopsis Tetrahit.
*Lysimachia Nummularia.
*Malva moschata.
*Mentha sativa.
*0nonis arvensis.
*Rhamnus catharticus.
*Scabiosa arvensis.
*Tamus europa^us.

*Verbascum Thapsus (lanes towards
Springfield and Hatfield, plenty).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Aspidium angulare (towards N. Mimms).
*Chara flexilis (on the heath in a pool).

Fissidens taxifolium (Colney Street).
*Nephrodium Filix-mas.

ADDENDA.

*Setaria viridis (Springfield station).
^Chrysanthemum segetum (cornfield near).
Crocus vernus (Brookman's Park, N. Mimms).

138

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

34. BROXBOURNE AND WORMLEY WOODS.

Northaw Common, near the Potter's Bar station on the Great Northern
line, is now enclosed ; these woods are therefore better and more directly
approached from Broxbourne, on the Great Eastern Railway. They cover
the low hills which border the Lea Valley on the west, and are only par-
tially enclosed. They are of a cold damp character, with a gravelly
subsoil, but with much alluvial deposit in the hollows, and along the lines
of drainage to the river Lea. Roads, leading from Broxbourne to Bayford
and Brickendon Green, intersect them from east to west ; the more direct
approach is through the grounds of Broxbourne Park ; the longer route
is via Wormley, west end. Or that from Cheshunt, via Applebury and
Beaumont Green, may be selected. Oak is the prevailing timber, but there
is no lack of scrub and of other kinds of trees, Hornbeam, Beech, Ash, &c.
There are indications of underlying chalk.

*Arctium majus.

*Bartsia Odontites (lanes).

*Betonica officinalis.

*Carex pendula (abundant); pallescens;
strigosa.

*Chlora perfoliata (in a boggy field, left of
the road to Bayford) ; a few plants.

*Chrysanthemum segetum (fields near

Wormley west-end, in profusion).
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium.

*Cicuta virosa (in a swamp near the
western border of Wormley Wood ; also
in a swampy pool near Applebury;*
and formerly in ponds near Bricken-
don Green).

*Circ*a lutetiana.
Convallaria majalis.

* Digitalis purpurea.

*Epilobium angustifolium (also in Callis
wood); *montanum.

*Epipactis palustris (boggy field above
mentioned).

*Eriophoron angustifolium (boggy field
above mentioned).

*Erythra3a Centaurium (abundant).

*FAiphrasia officinalis (luxuriant).

*Genista tinctoria (meadows left of the

road to Bayford, also on the western

borders of the wood).
*Gymnadenia conopsea (in the boggy field

above mentioned— a few plants).
Habenaria viridis (meadow near W. bor-
der of Wormley Wood).
*Hypericum Androsjcmum ; *perfora-

tum; *tetrapterum ; *hirsutum; *hu-

mifusum.

*Lysimachia nemorum; *Nummularia.
*Mentha sativa.

*Menyanthes trifoliata (bog with Cicuta).
*0rchis maculata (meadows in the gorge

near Wormley west-end).
*Rhinanthus Crista-Galli (meadows in the

gorge near Wormley west-end).
*Ruscus aculeatus.

*Triglochin palustre (boggy meadow).
Utricularia vulgaris (pond).
* Valeriana officinalis.
*Verbascum Thapsus (near Beaumont

Green).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Chara hispida (boggy meadow).
*Equisetum maximum (abundant).
*Nephrodium Filix-mas.

ADDENDA.
IN THE RIVER AT BROXBOURNE, AND BORDERING DITCHES, &c.

*Carex Pseudo-cyperus ; strigosa (woods).
*(Enanthe fluviatilis.

*Saiix viminalis ; *cinerea ; *fragilis, &c.
*Potamogeton lucens ; *densus ; *perfoliatus.
*Typha latifolia.

Nasing Wood, east of Broxbourne: Lathyrus hirsutus. Cornfields,
Hoddesdon: Delphinium Ajacis.

LOCALITIES.

139

Marshes at Hoddesdon : Carex pulicaris ; acuta ; disticha ; ampullacea ;
Utricularia vulgaris ; Fritillaria Meleagris (?) ; Zannichellia palustris.
Ditches : Myriophyllum verticillatum ; Anagallis tenella ; Hottonia
palustris ; Stellaria glauca ; Hippuris vulgaris ; Mentha sylvestris (bank
of the stream near railway).

Alyssum calycinum (banks of the New River).

Myosurus minimus (between Hoddesdon and Rye House) ; also Allium
vineale and Avena strigosa.

About Stanstead : Salix Lambertiana. Between Stanstead and Ware, by
the towing path : Camelina sativa. Roydon Lane : Dipsacus pilosus. Near
Stanstead : Hyoscyamus niger. Between Stanstead and Rye House : Hip-
puris vulgaris.

Hoddesdon, west field, road to Hertfield : Orobanche cserulea on Achillea
Millefolium.

35. WARLEY COMMON.

Warley Common near Brentwood, like many other localities about London,
has undergone alteration of late years ; much of the bordering forest-laud
has been enclosed, and a gravelly pasture fronting the depot barracks has
been converted into a drilling ground for the recruits. The common is
about one hundred acres in extent, its longest diameter from north to
south. The woods, which surround it on all sides but the south, are
mostly of Oak, Birch, and Hornbeam, with an undergrowth of Bracken,
Hazel, Thorn, &c. In the centre, and opposite the entrance to the grounds
of Thorndon Hall, is a copse, and in this direction the common is covered
with a dense scrub of Oak and Hornbeam. In more open parts, Bracken
and Ling prevail. The woods are damp, and in parts with an undergrowth
of Fern, occasionally swampy, with Elders and Grey Sallows on their
borders. A ravine separates the upper part of the common from a grass-
plot sloping to the south. It receives the drainage of the swampy woods
on the western border, and its sides are clothed with Briars, Brambles,
Sallows, Furze, and Thorn ; subsoil, gravel.

* Erica Tetralix ; *cinerea.

Eriophoron angustifolium.

Euphrasia officinalis.

Filago minima.

Galeopsis Tetrahit.

Galium saxatile ; uliginosum; tricorne(?)
(cornfields near).

Gnaphalium sylvaticum.

Hieracium umbellatum ; *vulgatum.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum hirsutum; Elodes;pulchrum.

Ilex aquifolia.

Iris fcetidissima.

*Juncus supinus ; lamprocarpus ; *squar-
rosus; *obtusiflorus.

Lactuca virosa.

Lathyrus Nissolia.

Lemna polyrhiza.

Leuntodon hirius.

Listera ovata.

Luzula sylvatica.

ON THE COMMON OR IN THE SURROUND-
ING WOODS AND NEIGHBOURHOOD.

Achillea Ptarmica.
Adonis autumnalis (fields near).
*Aira flexuosa ; *c«spitosa.
Alisnia ranunculoides.
Anagallis tenella.
Anthemis nobilis.
Arctimn majus (woods).
Betonica officinalis.
Buuiuni flexuosum.
Campanula Trachelium.
Carex divulsa ; muricata ;* panicea ; stel-

lulata ; ovalis; vulgaris; pendula ;

CEderi; binervis;. laevigata; hirta;

Pseudo-cyperus.
Carlina vulgaris (?).
Cuscuta Epithymum.
•Digitalis purpurea.
Epipactis latifolia (?).

140

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Melampyrum pratense.
*JVlentha sativa ; *hirsuta.

Menyanthes trifoliata.

Moenchia erecta.
*Molinia cserulea.
*Nardus strict a.

Orchis maculata.

Polygonum minus.

Populus tremula.
*Pyrus Malus.

Rhamnus Frangula.
*Rosa canina.

Rubus (several segregates; see Index).

Ruscus aculeatus.

Taxus baccatus.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.

Thymus Serpyllum.

Trifolium (subterraneum) ; ochroleucum
(in a fish pond, Heron).
*Triodia decumbens.
*Salix repens ; *Caprea ; *cinerea.

Samolus Valerandi.
*Sarothamnus scoparius.
*Scabiosa succisa.

Scirpus csespitosus ; setaceus.

Scutellaria galericulata.
Senecio erucitblia.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
Spiranthes autumnalis.
Stachys Betonica; palustris.
Stellaria uliginosa.
Valeriana dioica.
Vicia hirsuta.

Vinca minor (thicket, S. weald, Little
Warley).
Viola palustris (boggy thicket).

CRTPTOGAMS.

Aspidium aculeatum and var. lobatum.
Athyrium Filix-foemina.
Equisetum sylvaticum.
Hypnum fluitans, &c.
Lomaria Spicant.
Nephrodium dilatatum ; spinulosum ;

Oreopteris.

Ophioglossum vulgare (Great Warley).
Osmunda regalis (grew here formerly in

the wood west of the common).
Polytricha.
Sphagnum cuspidatum.

36. PURFLEET.

The flats by the Thames, which extend thus far from the eastern districts
of London on the Essex shore, are here broken for a short space, by the
intervention of a low chalk ridge, which extends for some distance beyond,
in the direction of Grays and Tilbury ; with flats again, however, between
it and the river. Here are old and extensive excavations, and a low hill
with overlying gravel drift, well wooded. Many plants of the chalk for-
mation occur, together with others peculiar to the muddy shores of a salt-
water creek.

Ajuga Chamsepitys (cornfields near).

Anthemis arvensis (cornfields near).

Armeria maritima.

Artemisia Absinthium (?).
*Asier Tripolium.
*Atriplex littoralis ; *portulacoides.
*tf upleurum tenuissimum ; rotundifo-

lium (?) (cornfields).

*Calamintha Clinopodium ; Acinos (corn-
fields).

Carduus nutans.

Centaurea Calcitrapa.

Chenopodium olidum ; ficifolium.

Cichorium Intybus.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Crepis taraxacifolia ; foetida ; biennis.

Cynoglossum ofncinale ; montanum.
*Daucus Carota.
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia.

Erigeron acris.

*Erythr»a Centaurium ; pulchella.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Festuca Myurus.

Fceniculum vulgare.

Galeopsis Ladaimm (cornfields near).

Galium parisiense (?) angiicum.

Geranium columbiuum.
*Hordeum maritimum.

Hydrocharis Morsus-ranas (ditches near).

Inula Conyza.

Iris foetidissima (wood).

Juncus maritimus.

Lactuca saligna.

Leontodon hirtus.

Lepidium campestre.
*Lepturus filiformis.

Linum angustifolium ; catharticum.

Lithospermum officinale.

Marrubiurn vulgare.
*Medicago maculata.
*Melilotus officinalis.
*Mentha rubra (ditches near).

M epeta Cataria.
*(Enanthe Lachenalii.

Onopordum Acanthium.

LOCALITIES.

141

Orchis pyramidalis.
*0rigarmm vulgare.
*Petroselinum yegetum.
*Phragmites communis (ditches).
*Picris hieracioides.

Reseda hitea.

Rumex maritimus; palustris; *Hydro-
lapathum.

Salicornia herbacea.
*Salvia verbenaca.
*Saponaria officinalis (wood).

Saxifraga granulata (Woodford wood).

Scabiosa Columbaria.
*Sclerochloa maritima ; distans.

*Senecio erucifolius.
*Sinapis nigra.*

Smyrnium Olusatrum.

Solidago Virgaurea (woods).

Specularia hybrida (cornfields).
*Statice Armeria.
*Suaeda maritima.

Tilia parvifolia (Woodford wood).
*Triglochin maritimum ; palustre.

Verbascum Thapsus ; nigrum.
*Verbena officinalis.
*Viburnum Lantana.

Vicia hirsuta ; *Cracca.

Note. — Polypogon monspeliensis (formerly, on the other side of the
ditch towards Raynham) ; also Tragopogon porrifolius, &c. ; Ophrys apifera
and Aceras ; chalk-pits.

37. GREENHITHE AND DARTFORD.

Opposite Purfleet, and on the other side of the river, are the Stone and
Dartford Marshes, similar in character to those between Erith and
Woolwich, backed by the chalk slopes about Dartford and Greenhithe, and
traversed by the joint current of the Darne and Cray which enters the
Thames directly opposite Purfleet. Dartford lies at some little distance
back from the banks of the river, but this makes here a reach to the
south-east, and comes close up to the chalk banks at Greenhithe further
down. The vegetation is similar in character to that of Purfleet ; subsoil
of the flats, alluvial.

The chalk-pits about Greenhithe are of vast extent, and but for their
surroundings the older ones have little in their aspect to indicate their
origin.. Fields, orchards, habitations, occupy their areas ; and one of
them is crossed by the North Kent line of railway.

MARSHES AND RIVERSIDE.

*Apium graveolens.

* Artemisia maritima.

*Aster Tripolium.

* Atriplex littoralis ; portulacoides.

*Beta maritima.

*Carex divisa.

*Ceratophyllum aquaticum.

*Cynoglossum officinale (ditch banks).

*Festuca Myurus.

*Glaux maritima.

*Hordeum maritimum.

*Hydrocharis Morsus-ranas.
*Myriophyllum spicatum.
*Plantago maritima.
*Samolus Valerandi.
*Scirpus maritimus.
*Sclerochloa maritima.
*Spergularia neglecta.
*Statice Limonum.
*Suseda maritima.

Trifolium maritimum.
*Triglochin maritimum; palustre.

Triticum junceum.

ROADSIDES, FIELDS, CHALK-PITS, AND BANKS.

The country about Dartford is elevated to a small extent only above the
level of the flats, with a gravelly subsoil overlying chalk ; chalky in many
places.

Aceras anthropophora (Greenhithe pits). Ajuga Chamaepitys (fields).
Adonis autumnalis (cornfields ?). - *Anchusa arvensis.

*Agrimonia Eupatoria. *Antbyllis Vulneraria.

142

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

* Artemisia vulgaris; Absinthium (pits).
*Arenaria trinervis ; serpyllifolia.
*Asperula cynanchica.
Avena pubescens.
Bartsia Odontites.
*Briza media.

*Bromus secalinus; *arvensis.
*Bryonia dioica.

Bunium flexuosum (wood, near).
Bupleurum rotundifolium (?).
*Calamintha Acinos ; *Clinopodium.

Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus nutans; *acaulis; eriophorus

(Stone pit ?).
*Caucalis daucoides (fallow field near

Dartford).

*Centranthus ruber (pits— plentiful).
*Chlora perfoliata (pits).
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum.
*Cicborium Intybus.
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Conium maculatum (?).
*Cornus sanguinea.

*Crepis taraxaci folia; biennis; foetida.
Cynoglossum officinale.
*Daucus Carota.
Dianthus Armeria.
Digitalis purpurea (Stone chalk-pit).
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia.
*Dipsacus sylvestris.
*Echium vulgare.
Erigeron acris.

Euonymus europaeus (Stone pit).
Eupatorium cannabinum (Stone pit).
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Filago germanica.
*Fumaria parviflora.
Galeopsis Tetrahit.

*Galium verum ; *cruciatum ; *Mollugo ;
anglicum (old walls at Dartford (?) ;
olim).

Gen liana Amarella.
*Hippocrepis comosa (road from Dartford

to Greenstreet Green).
*Humulus Lupulus.
*Hypericum peribratum.
*Inula Conyza.

Juniperus communis (road from Dart-
ford Heath to Greenstreet Green).

*Lactuca virosa (gravel pits near Dart-
ford).

*Ligustrum vulgare.
*Linaria vulgaris ; minor (pits).
*Linum catharticum.
Listera ovata (Stone chalk-pit).
*Lithospermum arvense (near Green-

hithe).

*Lotus corniculatus ; *tenuis (road to
Greenstreet Green from Dartford).
Mentha sylvestris and rotundifolia (be-
tween Cray ford and Dartford); olim,
Pulegium.
"Nepeta Cataria.
*0nobrychis sativa.
*0rionis arvensis.

Ophrys apifera; muscifera (Stone chalk-
pits (?) olim).
*0rcbis pyramidalis (Greenhithe pits);

maculata (Stone pit).
*0riganum vulgare.
*Papaver Argemone ; *hybridum ; *du-

bium ; *Rhceas ; *somniferum.
*Parietaria diffusa (Greenhithe).
*Pastinaca sativa.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Pimr>inella Saxifraga ; magna (?) (park

at Greenhithe ?),
Polygala vulgaris.
*Potentilla anserina (gravel pit).
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
Primula vulgaris (Stone chalk-pit).
*Reseda lutea ; *Luteola.
*Salvia verbenaca.

*Saxifraga granulata (roadside to Green-
street Green).

*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.
*Sherardia arvensis.
*Silene inflata.

*Smyrnium Olusatrum (pits, scarce).
*Tamus communis.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
Trifoliumscabrum; subterraneum; stria -
turn.
*Verbascum Lychnitis (frequent); *ni-

grum ; *Thapsus.
*Viburnum Lantana.
*ViciaTetraspermum; lathyroides (banks

about Greenhithe).
Viola hirta (pits).

DARTFORD HEATH.

Common heath plants, Furze, Ling, Bracken, Polytricha, with scatter
thorns. On the borders, *0nopordum Acanthium, frequent. Between
Dartford Heath and Greenstreet Green, Galeopsis ochroleuca (?) olim.
Spiranthes autumnalis ; *Trifolium striatum ; Cynoglossum officinale ; chalk-
pit near (?). Bexley Heath exists no longer but in name. In the Strawberry
beds on the slopes, Arnoseris pusilla and Senecio viscosus were formerly
plenty. Borders of field below: *Setaria viridis ;* ™-^~ ™-*a

Mentha arvensis

LOCALITIES.

143

*Centaurea Cyanus. Road from Dartford Heath to Greenstreet Green,
Sanguisorba officinalis (?) olim.

38. DARNE OR DARENT WOOD.

This wood, three miles south-east of Dartford, is of considerable extent,
and covers a hilly ridge extending in an easterly direction for about two
miles towards Greenhithe. The subsoil is gravel above, and chalky on the
flanks. Remains of an ancient entrenchment are perceptible in places
along the crest of the hill. Oak and Beech are the prevailing timber,
but there is no lack of other descriptions.

? Agrimonia Eupatoria.

*Ajuga reptans.

*Anemone nemorosa.

*Asperula odorata.

*Betonica officinalis.
Campanula glomerata ; *rotundifolia.

*Circa5a lutetiana.

*Cistus Helianthemum.

*Clematis Vitalba.

*Convallaria majalis.

*Cornus sanguinea.
Dianthus Armeria.

*Digitalis purpurea.

*p]chium vulgare (borders).

*Epilobium montanum.

*Erythraea Centaurium.

* Euphorbia amygdaloides.

*Fragaria vesca (in great profusion).

*Galium cruciatum.

*Geranium columbinum.

*Gnaphalium sylvaticum.

*Habenaria bifolia.

Hypericum Androsaemum ; *pulchrum ;
tetrapterum ; *humifusum.

*lris foetidissima.

*Lamium Galeobdolon.

*Listera ovata.

*Lithospermum officinale (borders to-
wards Greenhithe) ; purpureo-cseruleum
(towards Greenhithe) ; arvense (border-
ing fields).

*Luzula sylvatica.

*Lysimachia nemorum ; *Nummularia.

*Melampyrum pratense.
Melica uniflora.

*Mercurialis perennis.

Myosotis sylvatica; *versicolor; palus-
tris.

*CEnothera biennis (borders).
*0rchis mascula ; *maculata.
*0riganum vulgare.
*0robus tuberosus.

*Hapaver somniferum (bordering corn-
field towards Greenhithe, plenty).
*Primula vulgaris.

Rhamnus catharticus.
*Rosa systyla.
*Ruscus aculeatus.
*Sanicula europgea.

Scrophularia nodosa.

Silene italica.

Solidago Virgaurea.
*Tamus communis.

Veronica officinalis.
* Viburnum Opulus ; Lantana.
*Vicia sspium ; hlrsuta; tetrasperma.

Viola sylvestris.

OLD CHALK-PIT TOWARDS GREENHITHE.
*Astragalus Glycyphyllos.
Galeopsis ochroleuca (?) olim.

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum.
Athyrium Filix-foemina.
*Lomaria Spicant.
*Nephrodium Filix-mas.
' Ophioglossum vulgatum.
*Pteris aquilina.

*Woodland mosses in abundance and
variety : Hypnum molluscum ; cur-
vatum ; loreum, &c.

Note. — Orchis hircina was formerly found on the borders of this wood.

39. NORTH DOWNS, NEAR SEVENOAKS.

Opposite Sevenoaks, the North Downs recede from their general direc-
tion east and west and open inwards, and in the gap thus formed, the
Darent, rising near Westerham, and receiving the drainage of this section
of the hills, pursues its course to the Thames. On one side of the funnel
in front of Sevenoaks, East Hill projects as a prominent bluff, and on the
other, Morant's Court Hill with the famous Knockholt Beeches in its

144

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

proximity. The general character of these chalk downs, here as elsewhere
along the range, is an average altitude of four or five hundred feet above
the level of the Weald ; facing them, at various distances, is a range of
red sandhills ; above and beyond the slopes is an open undulating country
with cultivated fields, and plantations.

Alchemilla vulgaris (Hill Park, near
Westerham).

Anthemis arvensis.
*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cynanchica ; *odorata (woods).

Astragalus Glycyphyllos.

Atropa Belladonna (Kemsing, near
Wrotham).
*Avena pubescens.
*Brachypodium pinnatum (downs).
*Briza media (downs).
*Bromus erectus (downs).
*Calamintha Clinopodium ; *menthifolia ;
*Acinos.

Campanula glomerata (Morant's Court

Hill).

*<;arduus acaulis.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Centaurea Scabiosa ; *Jacea.
*Cephalanthera grandiflora (woods).
*Chlora perfoliata.
*Cichorium Intybus.
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Crepis biennis (Morant's Court Hill);
fcetida; taraxacifolia.

* Daphne Laureola (woods).
*Daucus Carota.

* Digitalis purpurea (woods).
*Echium vulgare.

*Epipactls latifolia (bsechwoods; plenty
about Knockholt Beeches).

*Erigf>ron acris (Shoreham, &c.).

*Erythrsea Centaurium.

*Euphorbia amygdaloides.

*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Galeopsis Ladanum (chalky fields).

*Gentiana Amarella (abundant).

*Helminthia echioides (gravel soil beyond
the chalk at St. Clare).

*Heracleum Sphondylium (old pit on

Morant's Court Hill).
Herminium Mon orchis (old pit on Mo-
rant's Court Hill).

*Hippocrepis comosa (banks).
Hordeum sylvaticum (thicket by road-
side, River Hill, Sevenoaks).

*Hypericum hirsutum; montanum (near
Bussels Green, Sevenoaks).

*Inula Conyza.

*Juniperus communis.
*Lactuca muralis (beechwood at Shore-
ham, abundant).
*Leontodon hispidus.
*Linum catharticum.
*Listera ovata (woods).
*Lotus corniculatus.
*Melampyrum pratense (woods).
*Melica unifiora (woods).
*Mercurialis perennis (woods).
*0nonis arvensis.
*0phrys apifera (downs, Shoreham, also

Morant's Court Hill) ; aranifera ; musci-

fera (downs near Sevenoaks).
*0rchis pyramidalis (downs); *mascula

(woods).

*0riganum vulgare.
*Pastinaca sativa.
Phyteuma orbicularis (Morant's Court

Hill).

*Picris hieracioides.
Pimpinella magna (about Sevenoaks and

Westerham).
*Plantago media.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula vulgaris (woods).
*Reseda lutea ; *Luteola.
*Rosa micrantha.
*Rubus corylifolius ; glandulosus.
*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.
*Scilla nutans (woods).
*Senecio erucifolius ;* sylvaticus.
*Sherardia arvensis (fields).
*Specularia hybrida (fields).
Spiraea Filipendula (Morant's Court Hill

and downs about Wrotham).
*Taxus communis.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
Verbascum Lychnitis (Morant's Court

Hill).

* Viburnum Lantana.

* Viola hirta ; *sylvestris.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Anomodon viticulosus (Morant's Court

Hill).

Hypnum molluscum; abietinum (Mo-
rant's Court Hill).

Neckera crispa (Morant's Court Hill).
*Nephrodium Filix-mas (woods).

ADDENDA.

About Farninghamr'Anagallis cserulea ; Cynoglossum officinalis; Eri-
iron acris ; Verbascum nigrum and Lychnitis ; Nepeta Cataria. Between

LOCALITIES.

145

Down and Cudham : Ajuga Chamaepitys ; Habenaria bifolia; Ophrys apifera ;
Orchis mascula ; Lithospermum officinale. Downs at Brasted, Gentiana
Amarella.

40. EEIGATE HILL AND THE WRAY COMMON.

Conspicuous as a projecting headland, on the chalk range is Reigat e
Hill, and the adjacent Wray Common. They are in immediate proximity
to the town of Reigate, and the extensive excavations on their flank are
discernible for a considerable distance. They are separated from each
other by a plantation, and adjoin the grounds of Gatton Park, in the
direction of Merstham. The plateaux above are crowned with beech-
woods, beyond these are cornfields, and cornfields are also general along
the base of the slope westwards ; subsoil, chalk ; below chalk grit, above
chalk and gravel. The characteristic plants in abundance.

*Aceras anthropophora (frequent).

*Ajuga Chamaepitys (cornfields).

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
Arabis hirsuta.

*Asperula cynanchica.

*Avena pubescens.

*Briza media.

*Bromus erectus.

*Calamintha Clinopodium.

*Camparmla Trachelium (woods).

*Carduus acaulis ; nutans ; tenuiflorus.

*Cephalanthera grandiflora (woods).

*Chlora perfoliata.

*Cichorium Intybus.

*Cistus Helianthemum.

*(Jlematis Vitalba.

Colehicum autumnale (meadow adjoin-
ing Wray Common).

*Cornus sanguinea.

*Daucus Carota.

*Echium vulgare.

*Epipactis latifolia (beechwoods).

*Erigeron acris.

*ErythraBa Centaurium.

*Euphorbia platyphylla (cornfields).

*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Galeopsis Tetrahit; *Ladanum (corn-
fields abundant).

*Galium tricorne (cornfields).

*Gentiana Amarella.
Geranium columbinum; pratense (foot

of the hill).

Herminium Monorchis (above the pit
on the common).

*Hippocrepis comosa (in profusion).

*Inula Conyza.

*Juniperus communis.

*Ko3leria cristata.

*Linaria minor ; *Elatine and *spuria (in
cornfields).

*Linum catharticum.

*Lotus corniculatus.

*Mentha arvensis (cornfields).

*Monotropa Hypopitys (beechwood).

*Neottia Nidus-avis (beechwood).

*0nobrychis sativa.

*0nonis arvensis.

*0phrys apifera (banks upper end of the
road above the Wray pit); musci-
fera ? (banks below the Reigate pits,
near the reservoir).

*0rchis pyramidalis ; *conopsea ; mascula
(copses, Wray Common).

*0riganum vulgare.

*Pimpinella magna (wood W. end of the
hill).

*Poterium Sanguisorba.

*Prunus Cerasus.

*Reseda lutea ; Luteola.

*Rosa micrantha.

*Senecio erucifolius.

*Specularia hybrida (cornfields).

*Spiranthes autumnalis (E. end of Rei-
gate Hill).

*Stachys arvensis (cornfields below).
Thlaspi arvense (cornfields below).

*Thymus Serpyllum.
Trifolium subterraneum (Redhill).

* Viburnum Lautana.

ADDENDA.

In Gatton Park woods, Paris quadrifolia ; by the engine pond, Sambucus
Ebulus ; chalk hill west of Reigate Hill,* Orchis ustulata ; lanes below
slopes west of Reigate Hill,* Pimpiriella magna ; roadside between Upper
Gatton and Chipstead, Myrrhis odorata ; woods about Chipstead, Cephal-

146

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

anthera grandiflora ; Epipactis latifolia ; Helleborus viridis (wood near
Chipstead Church) ; Lathrsea Squamaria ; wet copses near, Cardamine
amara.

41. REIGATE HEATH, REDHILL AND EARLSWOOD COMMONS.

Fronting the section of the chalk range referred to in the foregoing
locality are the hills of the Weald ; but this range forms by no means a
continuous line similar to that of the downs. Although they bear
occasionally the character of a ridge, they are generally grouped in an
irregular manner. Here for instance, at Reigate Heath there is a break
for some distance in the direction of Dorking. The heath lies left of the
road from Reigate to the last-mentioned town. One of the two low hills
upon it has a windmill on its summit ; the other is crowned with a
clump of Fir-trees. At one end of the heath is a bog adjoining a marshy
meadow, with a swampy copse near its south-eastern corner ; at the
other end is another bog, also with an adjoining swampy wood ; furze-
and heath-grown with a sandy subsoil. Redhill Common, south of the
town, is a hill of red sand ; furze- and fern-grown, but not heathy.
Earlswood Common is continuous with it, but low-lying. It is a grassy
and marshy flat, with some ditches and a reservoir at the lower end ;
subsoil, sand and gravel.

*Alnus glutinosa (swampy copses).
*Anagallis tenella (bogs).
Bupleurum faloatum (sparingly W. end
of the Heath (?), olim).
Carex pulicaris; curta; pilulifera; *am-
pullacea; *paniculata (swampy copse
near S.E. corner); hirta (Earlswood
Common).

Centunculus minimus.
*Chrysanthemum segctum (cornfield).
*Cbrysosplenium oppositiiblium (swampy
copse near S.E. corner, with *alterni-
folium, scarce, and copse near Won-
ham).

Comarum palustre (?) (swampy copses).
*Corydalis claviculata (swampy copses).
*Cuscuta Epithymum ; Trifolii.
Delphinium Ajacis (cornfields about).
Dianthus Armeria (lane by Trumpet's

Hill).

*Drosera rotundifolia.
Epilobium angustifolium (W. end of

Reigate Park).
*Erigeron acris.
*Eriophoron vaginatum ; *angusti folium.

Festuca sciuroides (Redhill).
*Filago minima.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
Hyoscyamus niger (also on Redhill).
Hy peri cum Androssemum and calyci-
num (W. end of Reigate Park) ; *Elodes
(bog).

Iberis amara (E. end of Heath ?).
Inula Pulicaria (Earlswood Common).

*Leontodon hispida.

Lepidium Smithii (about Reigate).
*Lychnis diurna.
*Malva moschata.

Mentha Pulegium.
*Menyanthes trifoliata.

Moenchia erecta.

Myosurus minimus (W. end of the
Park).

Myriophyllum spicatum (Earlswood

Common).
*0rchis maculata.
*0xalis Acetosella.
*Potamogeton polygonifolius.
*Radiola Millegrana.
*Rhamnus Frangula (swampy copses).

Saxifraga granulata (lane W. end of
Reigate Park, and on the Redhill
road).
*Scirpus sylvestris.

Spiranthes autumnalis.
*Stellaria glauca.

Teesdalia nudicaulis.
*Viola palustris.

CKYPTOGAMS.

*Athyrium Filix-foamina (swampy wood,

W. end).

*Dicranella cerviculata.
*Hypnum cordifolium, stramineum; al-

bicans, &c.

Jungermannia platyphylla, &c.
Lomaria Spicant.

LOCALITIES.

147

Nephrodium dilatatutn; *spinulosum.
*Pilularia globulifera (Earlswood Com-
mon).

*Sphagnum cymbifolium ;* squarrosum
(swampy wood).

Note. — In Cooper's 'Flora Metropolitan,' 1837, mention is made in the
Supplement of a bog on the Redhill road, two miles beyond Merst-
ham ; there is no reference to it in the Floras of Surrey and Reigate.
Comarum, Schoenus, and Blysmus, &c., were said to grow there. The bog
and adjoining fields have probably long since been drained, to the ex-
tinction of the plants.

ADDENDA.

Lane between Reigate Church and Ffrenches, Mentha totundifolia ;
meadows left of the Dorking road, Orchis latiflolia ; meadows, Hightrees
Farm,- &c., Orchis Morio ; Colley woods, Carex pendula ; Chart Lane,
Aspidium aculeatum, angulare ; about Reigate, (lanes ?) Asplenium Tricho-
manes ; lane E. of Reigate and between Ffrenches and Luckfield Street
Saponaria officinalis.

42. MERSTHAM, AND HILLS EAST OF MERSTHAM, REDSTONE
HILL.

The hills east of Merstham are of the same character as those described in
preceding localities which treat of the chalk range. White Hill stands
out as most prominent in the section. Here also are extensive excava-
tions, and the chalk grit and refuse at the base of the hill is prolific in
plants peculiar to the formation. The beechwoods above, and copses on
the flanks of these hills, especially in the direction of Caterham, are also
good, and apparently unfrequented localities. Between the downs and
Redstone Hill, parallel to them, are some marshy meadows and swampy
corners ; near Merstham, some pools ; Redstone Hill rises due east of
Redhill ; a road to Nutfield and Bletchingley runs along its undulating
heights. The slopes are cultivated and copses mostly enclosed.

CHALK HILLS.

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cynanchica.

Atropa Belladonna (between Merstham
and Godstone).

*Avena pubescens (plentiful).
*Brachypodium pinnatum.
*Briza media.
*Bromus erectus.
*Calamintha Clinopodium.
*Campanula Trachelium.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Cephalanthera grandiflora.
*Chlora perfoliata.
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Conium maculaturn.
*Gornus sanguinea.

*Cynoglossum montanum.

* Daphne Laureola.

*Echium vulgare.

*Epipactis latifolia (beech groves abund-
ant towards Caterham).

*Erigeron acris.

*Erythraea Centaurium.

*Euphorbia amygdaloides ;* platyphylla.

*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Gentiana Amarella (plentiful on the

slope towards Caterham Valley).
Habenaria chlorantha ; bifolia. "

*Hippocrepis comosa.
Hypericum Androsaemum ;* Lirsutum
montanum.

*Inula Conyza.

*Juniperus commum's.

*Kceleria cristata.

*Lathyrus sylvestris (abundant).

*Linum catharticum.

L 2

148

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

*Lotus corniculatus.

Ophrys aranifera.
*0rchis pyramidalis.
*0riganum vulgare.

Paris quadrifolia (in copses).
*Picris hieracioides.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula vulgaris (woods).
*Reseda lutea ; Luteola.
*llosa micrantha ; *rubiginosa.
*Scabiosa arvensis;* Columbaria (abund-
ant about Caterham).
*Senecio erucifolius ; *sylvaticus.
*Taxus pinnatus.
* Viola hirta.

Borders of pools and swampy meadows
about Merstham and east of it.

Cardamine amara.

Carex pulicaris ; paniculata ; pendula ;
pallescens.

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium ; alter-
nifolium.

Epipactis palustris.
Eupatorium cannabinura.
*Lathyrus sylvestris (adjoining banks,
&c.).

Orchis latifolia.
*Silaus pratensis.
* Viola palustris.

REDSTONE HILL.

Copses : Euphorbia arnygdaloides ; Hieracium vulgatum ; Solidago Vir-
gaurea ; Dianthus Armeria. Borders of rill and marshes about Ham
Farm:* Stellaria aquatica ; Blysmus compressus (?). Lane leading from
Redstone Hill towards the downs :* Calamintha menthifolia ;* Hieracium
vulgatum ; Viola odorifera ; Bryum hornum, &c. ; Scolopendrium vulgare.

43. THE BETCHWORTH HILLS.

The river Mole, which drains the country immediately south of the
downs between Dorking and the hills east of Merstham, pursues its course
northwards to the Thames, through an opening in the range opposite
Dorking. Here are the Betchworth Hills ; the most westerly of which,
fronting Betchworth Park on one side, and on another side the valley of
the Mole, is Box Hill — well known to collectors and excursionists, and so
called from the Box plant which grows upon its precipitous rlank in the
greatest profusion. On the opposite side of the valley is Ranmer Common,
which attains an altitude equal to that of Box Hill, and at Mickleham another
valley with a road along it to Headley extends in an easterly direction, and
separates the hill from the heights known as Mickleham Downs. A wood
of considerable extent covers the upper part of Box Hill, but the plateau
above the Betchworth Hills proper is more open, and is continuous with
Headley and Walton Heaths ; while their flanks, chalky slopes, are more
or Jess covered with Juniper, and excavated in places. Subsoil above,
gravel. Meadows by the Mole are marshy, at any rate damp.

Aceras anthropophora.
*Ajuga Chamaepitys (cornfield above).
*Anthyllis Vulneraria.

Arabis hirsuta.
*As-perula cynanchica ; odorata.

Astragalus Glycyphyllos (Headley Lane).
*Atropa Belladonna.
*Brachypodium pinnatum.
*Briza media.
*Bromus erectus (opposite Betchworth).

Bunium flexuosum.
*Buxus sempervirens (abundant).

*Campanuta glomerata ; *rotundifolia ;

Rapunculus ; *Trachelium.
*Carduus acaulis ; *riutans (fields above;

plenty).

*Carlina vulgaris (Betchworth Downs).
Caucalis daucoides.
*Cephalanthera grandiflora (woods) ;

ensifolia (woods lef of Headley Lane).
*Chlora perfoliata.
*Circaea lutetiana (woods).
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.

LOCALITIES.

149

*Clinopodium Calamintha ; *Xepeta
(bank behind Burford Bridge station) ;
*Acinos (fields).
*Conium maculatum (in the hollow right

of Headley Lane).
*Cornus sanguinea.
Crepis fcetida (Juniper Hill).
Cuscuta europaea (on nettles by the

Mole).

*Cynoglossum officinale (in the woods
behind Mickleham Church) ; montanum
? Cbank near Mickleham).
* Daphne Laureola; Mezereum.
Digitalis purpurea (woods).
*Echium vulgare.
*Epilobium angustifolium (Box Hill,

above plentiful).
*Epipaetifl latifolia (abundant, woods) ;

palustris.
Erigeron acris.
*Erythraea Centaurium.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields ; also in

hollow right of Headley Lane).
Genista tinctoria ?
*iientiana Amarclla.
Geranium columbinnm ; *Phaeum (road-
side, Mickleham) ; pratense.
Gymnadenia conopsea.
Habenaria chloraniha ; bifolia.
Helleborus viridis (copse near Mickle-
ham) ; foetidus (wooded slope left of
Headley Lane).

*Herminiuui Monorchis (slope of hollow
right of Headley Lane).
Hesperus matronalis (copse near Mickle-
ham).

*Hippocrepis comosa.
*Hypericum hirsutum ; *calycinum

(banks about Mickleham).
*Inula Conyza.
*Juniperus communis.
Lathiwa Squamaria (copse, Mickleham).
Lepidium Smithii.

*Linum catharticum ; angustifolium.
*Listera ovata.
*Lotus corniculatus.
Lysimachia nemorum.
Medicago maculata ; lupulina.
*Monotropa Hypopitys.

Neottia Nidus-avis.
*0nonis arvcnsis.

*0pbrys apifera (slopes of hollow right of
Headley Lane) ; muscifera.

Orchis mascula ; *pyramidalis ; ustulata ;

maculata; Moiio.
*0riganum vulgare.

Orobanche elatior.

Papaver Argemone.

Phyteuma orbicularis.
*Polygala vulgaris; calcarea.

Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Pyrus torminalis.
*Reseda lutea ; Luteola.
*Rosa micrautha.
*Rubus Idanis.

Ruscus aculeatus.

Sagina nodosa ? (grassy slopes).

Salix m'gricans ? (foot of Box Hill).

Scandix Pecten-Veneris (fields).
*Scleranthus annuus (cornfield).

Sedum acre.
*Senecio erucifolius ; *sylvaticus.

Specularia hybrida (cornfield).

Spiraea Filipendula.

Spiranthes autumnalis.

Tanacetum vulgare (Burford Bridge).
*Taxus baccata.

*Teucrium Botiys (hollow, right of lane
leading to Headley ; plenty, 1874).

Thesium linophyllum.
*Torilis infesta.

Valerianella dentata (fields).
*Verbascum nigrum ; Thapsus ; Thapso-

nigrum.
*Verbena offlcinalis.

* Viburnum Lantana ; Opulus.
Vicia Cracca.

* Viola hirta ; sylvestris; tricolor;

*odorata (below).

CRYPTOGAMS.
Ct-terach officinarum (Headley Lane (?)

olim).

Cryphasa heterophylla (foot of Box Hill).
Cylindrothecium concinnum.
*Homalothecium sericeum (walls near

Burford Bridge).
Hypnmn crassinervium ; pumilum ;

*spl''iidens ; brevirostre ; *triquetrum ;

*loreum; molluscum.
Leptotrichum filiforme (slopes of Box

Hill).

*Leucodon sciuroides.
Orthotrichum leiocarpum ; Lyeliii.
Thamnium alopecurum.
Thuidium tamariscinum; abietinum, &c.

ADDENDA.

Mickleham and Leatherhead Downs : —
*Brachypodium pinnatum.

*Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carex gL\uca.

*Cephalanthera grandifiora (copses).
*Erythrsea Centaurium.
*Gentiana Amarella.

*Helianthemum
patches).

are (in large

150

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Melampyrum cristatura (?) (wood near

Headley).
Orchis ustulata ; *pyramidalis.

Spiraea Filipendula.
Spiranthes autumnalis.
Thesium humifusum.

44. ABOUT BUCKLAND AND BROCKHAM.

The downs between Betchworth and Reigate hereabouts, are apparently
of lower elevation than the sections right and left of them, though actually
the difference is not great. This arises from the extent of the cultivated
slopes at their base and the more gradual rise ; otherwise the topogra-
phical character of the locality is much the same. Brockham village is
on the banks of the river Mole, which approaches the downs at this
point.

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cynauchica,
*Avena pratensis (foot of the downs) ;

*pubescens.
*Bromus erectus.
*Calamintha Clinopodium (banks and

fallows).
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Chlora perfoliata.

*Crepis taraxaci folia (banks and fallows).
*Erigeron acrii*.
*Erythraea Centaurium.
*Geranium Columbinum (copses) .
*Hypericum montanum.
*Inula Conyza (banks and fallows).
Koeleria cristata,

*0phrys apifera (hills opposite Brockham).
*0rchis pyramidalis; *ustulata.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Reseda lutea.
*Scabiosa arvensis, &c.

CORNFIELDS AND FALLOWS.
Alchemilla vulgaris (meadows near
Dorking).

*Ajuga Chamsepitys.
*Anagallis caerulea.
Barbarea praecox.

Bupleurum rotundifolium (near the
Hermitage).

Calamagrostis Epigejos (hedgebanks).
*Calamintha Acinos ; *menthifolia.
*Campanula Trachelium.
Caucalis daucoides (fallows above Buck-
land Hill).

Crepis biennis (fields near).
*Euphorbia platyphylla.
Galanthus nivalis (meadows towards

Betchworth).
*Galeopsis Ladanum.
*Galium tricorne.
Hieracium boreale (bank near Keigate

road).
Leersia oryzoides (by Brockham Bridge

and elsewhere near).
*Linaria spuria ; Elatine ; *minor.
*Mentha arvensis.

*Nuphar ; *Tanacetum ; *Potamogeton
densus (and other common waterside
plants by the river) ; Fumaria capreo-
lata (agg. between Brockham and the
downs).

Ophioglossum vulgatum (meadows).
Potentilla argentea (lane near).
Ranunculus parviflorus &c. (copses
above Brockham Hill).
Salix rubra (var.).
*Stachys arvensis (near Brockham).
*Thlaspi arvense.

*Viburnum Lantana &c. (abt. Brockham).
Viscum album (Betchworth Park).

45. RANMER COMMON, AND THE HILLS WEST OF DORKING AND
WHITE DOWNS.

Ranmer Common, on the summit of the hills, on the other side of
the Mole, c in be approached either from the Dorking station on the Red-
hill and Guildford line, or from the Burford Bridge station, whence West-
humble Lane leads to it directly. It lies high, and is surrounded by
woods. The ascent from Westhumble Lane by its northern flank is well
covered with scrub and brushwood. Immediately facing Box Hill are the
grounds of Mr. Cubitt's mansion. The common extends behind these
grounds, and below them, facing Dorking, are some old chalk quarries.

LOCALITIES.

151

Westwards the range is continued uninterruptedly as far as Guildford,
with a general similarity in its features to those of the sections already
described — grassy downs sprinkled with Juniper, surmounted by frequently
recurring beechwoods, with slopes below fallow, or in a state of cultiva-
tion. In the vale below, a rivulet with pasturage ; beyond these the wooded
rising ground at the base of the red sandstone hills of the Wealden,
which in the neighbourhood of Dorking attain an elevation of nearly
one thousand feet. East of Wotton, the drainage falls into the Mole ;
west of that place it is tributary to the Wey. The subsoil of the common
is gravel.

COMMON ; BORDERING WOODS, ETC.

*Aquilegia vulgavis (Westhumble Lane).
Arabis hirsuta (Ashdown Copse).
Atropa Belladonna (woods about Den-

bies).
*Campanula Trachelium (Westhumble

Lane, plentiful).

*Chelidonium mojus (Westhumble Lane).
*Digi tails purpurea.
Galeopsis Ladanum (field near).
Gnaphalium sylvaticum.
Helleborus viridis (copse near).
Hordeum sylvaticum (copse behind the

' Fox ').
Hypericum montanum ; hirsumm.

*Lamium Galeobdolon.
*Lathrsea Squamaria (Westhumble Lane
in a hazel copse ; also roadside).
Lithospermum officinale (copses).
Neottia Nidus-avis (woods).
Ophrys muscifera (near Denbies).
Primula vulgaris (copses) ; *veris (fields
left of the lane).
*Ranunculus auricomus (lane).
*Rosa rubiginosa ; *micrantba.
Ruscus aculeatus (Westhumble Lane
and Ashdown Copse).
Thesium linophyllum (roadside half-
mile beyond the chalk quarries and
Ranmer Hills).
* Viola odorata.

CHALK QUARRIES.

These quarries are partly new, and partly old ; they are of considerable
extent, and are situated near the railway station.

Aceras anthropophora (?).
*Anthyllis Vulneraria.

Bri/a media.
*Bronms erectus.
*Calamintha Clinopodium.
*Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Centaurea Scabi<>sa.
*Chlora perfoliata (near).
*Cichorium Intybus.
*(Jl(-iiiatis Vitalba.

Crepis foetida.
*I)aucus Carota.
*Ecliium vulgare.

Graleopsis Ladanum (fields above) ;

ochroleuca (? olim).
*Hieraciuni murorum.

*Hippocrepis comosa.
*lnula Conyza.
*0nonis arvensis.

Ophrys apifera (?) ; muscifera (?).

Orchis pyramidalis.
*0riganum vulgare.

Orobanche minor "(clover field near).
*Phyteuma orbiculare.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.

Primula veris ; vulgaris.
* Reseda lutea.
*Scabiosa Columbaria.

Silene inflata.

Smyrnium Olusatrum.
*Tanacetum vulgare.
*Torilis iniesta (fields near).

HILLS WEST OF DORKING.

Ajuga Cbamcepitya (fields).
*Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Asperula cyrianchica.
*Briza media.
*Bromus erectus.

*Calamintha Clinopodium ; *Acino8.
*Campanula glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis ; tenuiflorus.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Centaurea Scabiosa.

152

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*0rchis pyratnidalis.

*0riganum vulgare.

*Pastinaca saliva.

*Picris hieracioides.

*Keseda lutea ; *Luteola.

*Rosa micrantha.

*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.

*Taxus comniunis.

* Thymus Serpy-llum.

*Verbascum Thapsus.

* Verbena officinalis.

* Viburnum Lantana.

*Cichorium Intybus.
*l>aucus Carota.
*Echium vulgare.
*Erigeron acris.
*Erythrasa Centaurium.
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields).
*Gentiana Amarella.
*Helianthemum vulgare.
*Hypericum hirsutum.
*Inula Conyza.
*Juniperus communis.
*Linum catharticum.

Note. — A deep gully with steep sides nearly opposite Westgate, should
be examined together with bordering woods.

APPENDIX.

In Norbury Park, Neottia Nidus-avis ; Herminium Monorchis ; Ophrys
muscifera ; Epipactis grandiflora ; Dipsacus pilosus ; in Beeching Wood,
Cynoglossum montanum.

Guildford road, near Effingham chalk-pit, on a bank : Thesium lino-
phyllum ; Phyteuma orbiculare.

Fetcham Downs, Bagdon Hill near Bookham : Teucrium Botrys ?

46. GUILDFORD AND THE HILLS EAST OF GUILDFORD.

Here another break occurs in the chalk downs, through which the river
Wey joined by the Sittingbourne stream, which drains the country east of
Guildford and Godalming, pursues its course to the Thames at Weybridge.
A peculiar feature of the range at this point, is the narrowness of the
ridge to which it has gradually been contracted. Fronting them to the
southward are the redsand hills of the Wealden, of which an isolated
parallel ridge runs for a short distance in the same direction, and for an
interval separates the chalk downs from the rivulet above mentioned ; but
further eastwards towards Albury this stream with its bordering meadows
lies at the foot of the downs ; nearest to Guildford are the Merrow Downs ;
further on and above Albury are the Clandon Downs ; beyond these is
Netley Heath, with Shiere and Gomshall in the vale below. The topo-
graphical features of this are similar to those of other sections of the
chalk range already described, and a general similarity will be found to
prevail with respect to its vegetation. Beyond Guildford are extensive
chalk-pits, both old and recent ; and near these is the village of Shalford,
below the downs and on the Godalming road. An open grassy common
here, with two ponds upon it.

Aceras anthropophora (downs).
Actinocarpus Damasomum (Shalford
Common) ? olim.
*Aira caryophyllacea.
*Alchemilla arvensis (downs).
Allium vineale (hill above Vale's cot-
tage, Shiere).

Anemone apennina (woods about Guild-
ford).

*Anthyllis Vulneraria (chalk-pits).
Aquilegia vulgaris (Netley Wood) ;
Shiere.
*Arabis hirsuta (Guildford chalk-pits,

LOCALITIES.

153

scarce) ; perfoliata (lanes, Shiere and
Albury).

* Avena flavescens (downs) ; *pubescens.

Barbarea praecox (banks of the Wey).

*Brachypodium pinnatum (downs).

Bupleurum rotundifolium (cornfields,
brow of hill, over against St. Martha's
Chapel, towards the Merrow Downs).

Calamagrostis Epigejos (Weston Wood,

Albury).

*Calarnintha Clinopodium (chalk-pits) ;
*Acinos (fields); menthifolia (St. Ca-
therine's Hill).
*Carduus nutans (also on Netley Heath) ;

*acaulis.
*Centaurea Scabiosa.

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (Alder
Copse, Wood Farm and elsewhere ;
about Guildtbrd ; between Shalford and
St. Martha's Chapel, in moist copses).
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Conium maculatum (swampy places,
about Albury and Shiere).

Corydalis claviculata.
*Crepis taraxacifolia (chalky fields).

Cuscuta Trifolii (about Guildford and St.
Martha's Chapel) ; europaja (osier holt).

Cynoglossum officinale (Guildford).
*Cyperus fuscus (pond, Shalibrd Com-
mon).

Dianthus Armeria (footpath between
Guildford and Albury).

Digitaria humifusa (? about St. Martha's
Chapel ; olim).
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia (chalk-pits).

Dipsacus pilosus (near Chilwortb, &c.).

Echinochloa Crus-galli (about St.
Martha's Chapel, in arable land).
*£chium vulgare (pits).

Epilobium roseum (near Albury Church,
by the rivulet ; about Shiere).

Epipactis latifolia (woods about Shiere).

Eranthis hyemalis (Albury Park).
*Filago germanica (downs); gallica (corn-
field between Chilworth road and St.
Martha's Hill).
*Fumaria parviflora.

Galanthus nivalis (Stoke Park).

Galeopsis Ladanuni.

Geranium columbinum (Losely).

Helminthia echioides.

Hieracium n.urorum and boreale (about
Albury and Shiere).

Hippuris vulgaris (pond, Clandon Park).

Hyoscyamus niger (Merrow Downs,
Gomshall ; not on Shalford Common).

Hypericum Androsajmum (Weston
Wood, Albury and Stoke Wood);

montanum (Shiere).

Impatiens fulva (bank of the Wey and
of the Sittingbourne).

Inula Conyza.

*Isatis tinctoria (chalk-pits, and fields

about them).

*Juniperus communis (downs).
Koeleria cristata (downs ; Shiere).
Lathrsea Squamaria (field between
Chantry Downs and Shalford turnpike).
*Lepidium campestre.

Limosella aquatica (Shalford Common).
*Linum catharticum (pits, &c.).
Myosotis ceespitosa (Shalford Common).
Neottia Nidus-avis (Netley Wood, Shiere,
and between Guildford and St. Martha's
Chapel).
Ophrys apifera (about Shiere and Al-

oury).

*0rchis pyramidalis (downs).
Origanum vulgare.
*Papaver hybridum (cornfields).
*Parietaria diffusa (Shalibrd).
Phyteuma orbiculare (downs about Al-
bury, Shiere, and Gomshall).
*Picris hieracioides (chalk-pits).
Pimpinella magna (about Guildford).
Polygonum Bistorta (Wotton meadows).
Potentilla argentea (St. Martha's Hill).
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
Prunus Padus (about Shiere and Gom-
shall).

*Reseda lutea.

Sagina nodosa (Shiere and Albury).
Salvia verbenaca.

Saponaria officinalis (St. Martha's Hill,
also near Shiere).

Saxifraga granulata (St. Catherine's Hill
and about Shiere.)
*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.
*Scandix Pecten-Veneris.
*Scirpus acicularis (Shalford Common).
*Scleranthus animus ; perennis.
Sedum Telephium (Albury).
Setaria viridis (between Uuildford and

Albury).

*Specularia hybrida (cornfields).
*Spira3a Filipendula (downs).
Stellaria glauca (meadows by the Wey
and below St. Martha's Hill).
Teesdalia nudicaulis (Albury and Shiere
heaths).

Thesium humifusum (downs near).
Trifolium subterraneum (St. Martha's
Hill) ; scabrum (Netley Heath).
Valerianella Auricula (between Guild-
ford and St. Martha's Hill).
*Verbascum nigrum (between Guildford
and Shalford ; no other species there
now).

Veronica montana (about Shiere and
Albury).
Vinca minor (Albury).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum (woods
and lanes about Albury and Shiere and

154

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Gomshall) ; Trichomanes (near Shiere) ;

Ruta-muraria (Merrow Downs and

about Shiere).
Cystopteris iragilis (low wall west of

the road from Weston Street to Albury

Park ? olim).
Nephrodium spinulosum (bogs near

Shiere) ; dilatatum (Albury).
Ophioglossum vulgatum (meadows in

Albury Park; Losely Park near

Guildford).

MOSSES ABOUT SHIERE, GOMSHALL, ETC.,

FKOM 'SCIENCE GOSSIP.'
Hypnum illecebrum ; irrigunm ; loreum;
polymorphum ; stramineum.

Leptodon Smithii.
Mnium rostratum.
Neckera crispa ; pumila.
Orthotrichum anomalum ; Sprucei ; pul*

chellum ; stramineum ; tenellum.
Physcomitrion pyriforme.
Pottia truncata.
Pterygonium gracile.
Schistostega pinnata.
Tetraphis pellucida.
Thuidium tamariscinum.
Tortula vinealis; Hornschuchiana ; cu-

neifolia ; marginata ; latiiolia.
Tricliostomum crispulum.
Webera albicans.
Weissia calcarea.

47. WHITEMOOR COMMON.

This common, three miles north of Guildford, is an extensive heathy
tract, low lying in the centre and elevated westwards and eastwards. A
road from Guildford to Chobham passes by the village of Worplesdon at
its south-western extremity, and a branch of the South- Western Railway
intersects it from north to south. The large pond which stood formerly
upon the heath has been drained, and converted into pasturage ; subsoil
sand, more or less peaty ; central parts marshy, slopes in several places,
boggy. A few Fir-trees have been planted at one end of the common,
otherwise the vegetation consists of Furze, Ling and Bracken, with the
following plants.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

*Anagallis tenella.

*Anthemis nobilis.

*Bidens tripartita ; *cernua (ditches near).

*Carduus pratensis.

*Cuscuta Epithymum.

*Drosera rotundifolia ; *intermedia.

*Erica cinerea ; Tetralix.

*Eriophoron angustifolium.
Gentiana I'neumonanthe.

*Helosciadium inundatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Hypericum Elodes (bogs).

*Inula Pulicaria.

*Juncus squarrosus, &c.

*Littorella lacustris.

*Lychnis Flos-cuculi.

*Mentha Pulegium (near Worplesdon) ;
*sativa ; *pratensis (between Wor-
plesdon and Pirbright, by a rill).

48. BISLEY COMMON, PIRBRIGHT HEATH, AND COW MOOR.

Westwards, and distant two miles from the Worplesdon referred to in
the preceding locality, is the village of Pirbright ; surrounded, with tl
exception of a grassy flat and a few patches of cultivated land, by vasl
tracts of heath and moor land ; hilly in parts, and rising westwards to th
elevated steeps known as the Fox Hills and Chobham Ridges. The Farnham

*Molinia cserulea.

*Narthecium ossifragum (abundant).
*tEnanthe fistulosa.
*Potamogeton polygonifolius.
*Radiola Millegrana.
*Rhynchospora alba (abundant).
*Salix repens.
*Scirpus cajspitosus.
*Scutellaria galeiiculata.
*Solidago Virgaurea (dry parts, east-
wards).

*Triodia decumbens.
*Ulex Gallii.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnion palustre.
*Lycopodium inundatum (abundant).
*Sphagnum cymbifolium, &c.

LOCALITIES.

155

branch of the South-Western Railway intersects it, and separates Pirbright
Heath from the moors and common. In many places Fir-trees have been
planted, otherwise the vegetation consists of Heath, Furze and Bracken ;
the Furze frequently disappearing for a space ; bogs many ; subsoil sand,
often peaty ; of the hills, sand and gravel.

*Aira flexuosa ; *caryophyllacea ; cses-
pitosa (moors).

*Alisma ranunculoides (by the canal).

*Anagallis tenella (bogs).

*Carduus pratensis.

*Carex binervis (heaths) ; vulgaris ; *am-
pullacea (bogs).

*Ceratophyllum aquaticum.

*Cuscuta Epithymum.

*L)igitalis purpurea.

*l)rosera rotundifolia ; *intermedia.
Elatine Hydropiper ( small pond on the
heath near Pirbright).

*Epilobium palustre ; *parviflorum.

*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.

*Erigeron acris (banks of canal).

*Eriophorum angustifolium ; * vagina-
turn.

*Euphrasia officinalis.
Gentiana Pneumonanthe (east of the
cemetery towards Woking).

*Hieracium vulgatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Hypericum Elodes.

*lnula Pulicaria (about Pirbright).

*Juncus squarrosus ; *acutiflorus , *lam-
procarpus, &c.

*Littorella lacustris (pond near t!;e rail-
way and by the canal).

*Lycopus europanis (canal).

*Lysimachia vulgaris (ditches about Pir-
bright village).

*Molinia caerulea.

*Myrica Gale (moory parts, abundant).
*Narthecium ossifragum.
*Pedicularis palustris (by the canal).
*Polygonum minus (Pirbright Green).
*Potamogeton beterophyllus (canal) ;

*polygoniiblius (bogs) ; lucens (canal).
*Rhynchospora alba (Cow Moor, plenty).
*Radiola Millegrana (wet sandy places).
*Rubus carpiniiolius (by the canal).
Sagina nodosa (banks of the canal, near

Pirbright).

*Salix repens ; *cinerea.
*Scirpus multicaulis ; *ca?spitosus ; acicu-

laris.

*Scuteltaria galericulata ; *minor.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Triodia decumbens.
*Ulex Gallii.
*Utricularia vulgaris (ditches and holes,

by a pond near the railway).
*Vaccinium Myrtillus.
*Verbascum Thapsus.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnion palustre.
*Lomaria Spicant.
"Lycopodium inundatum.
*Nephrodium Filix-mas.
*Sphagnum cymbilolium ; *acutifolium.
Etc.

49. WOKING HEATH, HORSELL COMMON. AND BANKS OF THE
BASINGSTOKE CANAL.

Enclosures and buildings, more or less continuous, have here diminished
the area of what was once a very considerable tract of heath, in the
neighbourhood of Woking Common station. It was continuous with that
portion of Pirbright Common now included in the precincts of the Woking
necropolis. The Basingstoke Canal and the South-Western Railway in-
tersect it, from east to west, with plantations of Fir-trees on either side of
them, more or less continuous as far as Weybridge. Horsell Common and
Woodham Heath (one expanse) adjoin it ; the former crossed by a road
to Chobham, and the latter bordered by a road to Chertsey. Subsoil sand,
occasionally peaty.

BY THE CANAL. *Hypericum Elodes ; *pulchrum.

Leersia oryzoides (by .the bridge over the
*Achillea Ptarmica. canal).

*Alisma ranunculoides. "*Littorella lacustris (abundant).

:Eriophorum angustifolium. *Lotus major.

156

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

*Lycopus europasus.
*Lysimachia vnlgaris ; *^ummularia.
Sagina nodosa.
*Sagittaria sagittifolia, &c.
*Scirpus palustris ; *multicaulis ; *acicu-
laris (Milford Green, plentiful by the
pond).

*Scutellaria galericulata.
*Stachys palustris.
*Stellaria glauca.

Ox THE COMMONS.

*Anagallis tenella.
*Calluna and *Erica.
*Euphrasia ofticinalis.
Gentiana Pneumonanthe (? olim near tlie
station).

*Hieracium vulgatum ; *umbellatum.
*Molinia cserulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*Potamogeton polygonifolius.
Sagina ciliata (west of the station).
*Salix repens.
*Scirpus ctvspitosa.
*Solidago Virgaurea (Horsell Common,

plenty).
*Clex Gallii.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Lomaria Spicant.

Lycopodium inundatum (other species
formerly near the station).
*Pteris aquilina.
*Scolopendrium vulgare.
*Sphagnum cymbifolium, &c.

50. WEYBRIDGE, ST. GEORGE'S HILL, AND BANKS OF THE
THAMES ABOUT WALTON.

The sandy fields about Wey bridge were formerly the best localities near
the metropolis for some uncommon plants, affecting light sandy soil ;
but they are now rare, if not extinct. The sand-hills south of the railway
line from Esher, thus far, attain their greatest elevation at Weybridge ;
they are known as St. George's Hills, are planted with Fir and other trees,
and enclosed, but open to the public as a promenade. Weybridge itself,
together with some patches of heath still unenclosed, is also surrounded on
all sides, but that of the Thames, by plantations of Fir. South of St.
George's Hills in the direction of Cobham are tracts of furze-grown
commons, which are crossed by the Guildford road.

*Aira flexuosa (Weybridge).
*Antirrhinum Orontium (cornfields, Cob-
ham, &c.).

Arnoseris pusilla (?) (Weybridjre, olim ;
also between Hersham and St. George's
Hill, in sandy fields).

*Butomus umbellatus (banks of the Wey).
Campanula Kapunculus (between Cob-
ham and Stoke).

Carex elongata (meadows between canal
and river).

*Carex praecox (roadside bank).
Claytonia perfoliata (hedgebanks on the

common).

*Digi tails purpurea.
Digitaria humifusa (fields, olim).
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia (about the church

walls).
*Epilobium angustifolium (railway

banks).

* Erica cinerea.

*Erysimum cheiranthoides (fields).
Filago apiculata (several places).
*Fumaria officinalis.
Genista anglica.

Gnaphalium sylvaticum (St. George's
Hill, and on Fairmile Common).

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris (pond on St.

George's Hill).

*Hypericum ELodes(pondon St. George's
Hill).

Hypochoeris glabra (fields, olim).
*Hieracium umbellatum ; vulgatum; tri-

dentatum (Fairmile Common).
*Leontodon hirtus ; *hispida.
*Lysimachia vulgaris (by the Wey).
*Ly thrum Salicaria(by the Wey).
*(Enothera biennis (railway banks).
Khynchospora alba (swamp near Cob-
ham).

Sagina ciliata.
*Sarothamnus scoparius.
*Senecio sylvatica.
Setaria viridis (fields, olim).
*Tanacetum vulgare (banks of the Wey).
Teesdalia nudicaulis (between Hersham
and Weybridge).'
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Ulex Gallii (furzy commons).

BANKS OF THE THAMES.
Barbarea vulgaris.
*Butomus umbellatus.
*I)iplotaxis tenuifolia (frequent).

LOCALITIES.

157

*Erysimum cheiranthoides.
*Humulus Lupulus (hedges).
*Hydrocharis Morsus-rana? (at Walton).
*Limnanthemum nymphaioides (at Wal-
ton in a backwater, abundant).
*Lysimachia vulgaris.
*Myriophyllum ver licillatum (at Walton).
*Nupbar lutea.
*Potamogeton perfoliatus.
* Ranunculus fluitans.
*Rbamnus catbarticus (bedges).

*Rumex Hydrolapathum.

*Sagittaria sagittifolia.

*Salix vitellina.

*Sium latifolium (two or three plants).

*Thalictrum flavuin.

*Trifoliuni fragile rum.

*Viburnum Opulus (a shrub or two).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Chara vulgaris (ditch opposite Sunbury).
*Fontinalis antipyretica (on stones).

51. CHOBHAM COMMON.

Westwards of Weybridge and Chertsey, and right of the Guildford
Railway, are the wide tracts of Chobham and Bagshot, continuous with
each other, and broken only in their continuity by some reclaimed and
enclosed land about Chobham and Wendlesham, watered by the Bourne
rivulet which drains the slopes of the sand-hills, and of the uplands beyond
Bagshot. On these slopes in many places there are patches of bog and
marsh, which drain, generally speaking, into ponds in the hollows below.
Glover's Ponds have been wholly, and Gracious Pond partly drained ; other-
wise the whole district may be considered an undulating waste of sand and
heath, extending over many thousand square acres of country, and im-
parting a peculiar character to this corner of Surrey. A road leads direct
from Chertsey to the common, and across it to Chobham and Bagshot ;
distance, three miles ; the nearest point to the west common is Woking
station.

*Alnus glutinosa (Gracious Pond.)

*Anagallis tenella (bogs).

* Antirrhinum Orontium (cornfield, Chob-
ham).

*Aquilegia vulgaris (roadside bank, near
Long Cross).

*Bidens tripartita (ditches, Cherts?y).

*Carduus pratensK

*Carex flava (marshy places).

"Circaea lutetiana (ditches, Chertsey).

*Chrypanthemum segetum (cornfield,
Chobham).

*Cuscuta Epithymum. ,

*Digitalis purpurea (bordering hedges
and copses).

*Drosera rotundifolia ; "intermedia.

*Erica cinerea ; Tetralix.

*Eriophorumangustifolium ; *vajrinatiim.

*Erysimum cheiranthoides (fields, Long
Cross).

*Kuphrasia officinalis.

*Genista anglica.

*Gentiana Pneumonanthe (near an iso-
lated clump of Fir-trees towards Long
Cress, plentiful).

*Hieracium umbellatum ; *vulgatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris,

^Hypericum Elodes.
Hypochoeris glabra (field near Chobham).

*Juncus squarrosus ; *acutiflorus ; *glo-
meratus, &c. (drained ponds).

*Melampyrum pratense (bordering

copses). *

*Molinia cgerulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*Narthecium ossifragum.
*Potamogeton polygonitolius.
*Potentilla Tormentilla.
*Rhynchospora alba.
*Salix repens ; cinerea (ponds, &c.).
*Scirpus multicaulis (pond near Long

Cross); *palustris; *ca?spitosa.
*Senecio sylvatica (heathy borders of the

Chertsey road, plentiful).
*Serratula tinctoria (heathy borders of the

Chertsey road, plentiful).
*Solidago Virgaurea (heathy borders of

the Chertsey road, plentiful).
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
* Triodia decumbens.
*Ulex Gallii.
* Viola odorata (Chertsey road).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnion palustre.

*Dicranum scoparium ; *Dicranella.

*Lomaria Spicant.

*Nephrodium dilatatum ; spinulosum ;

*Filix-mas (borders and lanes).
*Polytricha, &c. (hedgebanks).
*Sphagnum cymbi folium.

158

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

52. BAGSHOT HEATH.

Bagshot Heath, as stated in the preceding locality, adjoins Chobham
Common, and as this consists of two portions separated the one from the
other by the village of Chobham and surrounding enclosures, so is Bagshot
Heath in a similar manner divided into two parts by the village of Wen-
dlesham with the enclosures and cultivated land thereunto appertaining.
Plantations of Fir-trees are more general on Bagshot Heath than on
Chobham Common, and on the whole it is the higher lying of the two ;
the country indicating a sensible rise towards Ascot, as well as towards the
ridges behind Bagshot : otherwise they resemble each other in soil and in
the general character of their vegetation ; each, however, possesses its
speciality. The lower portion, west of Wendlesham, is wet and moory.
A road crosses obliquely the upper portion of the heath to Sunningdale,
where there is a station, and the high road from Staines to Farnham,
&c., runs along its upper border ; another road runs north and south
past Tower Hill, and a third in another direction to Bracknel where there
is also a station ; Tower Hill is the highest point of a central ridge which
crosses this upper portion from east to west. There is not much Furze in
the open parts ; the vegetation is principally Heath. About Sunningdale
is a considerable bog.

Agrostis setacea (ridges westwards of

Wendlesham).

*Aira flexuosa ; *praacox ; *caespitosa.
Blysmus compressus (Winch. MSS.
notes).

Campanula patula (Chobham Lane, near
Wendlesham Church).
*Carduus pratensis (bogs).
*Carex binervis ; *crespitosa.
*Centunculus minimus (waste land near

Wendlesham, right of the road).
Ceratophyllum aquaticum (Englemoor
Pond).

* Digitalis purpurea (bordering copses).
*Drosera rotundifolia ; intermedia.

* Erica Tetralix ; *cinerea.
*Eriophorum angustifolium ; *vaginatum

(Sunningdale bog ; both in prolusion).
*Erythrsea Centaurium.
*Gnaphalium sylvaticum.
*Hieracium vulgatum ; *umbellatum.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum Elodes.
*Juncus obtusiflorus ; *squarrosus.
*Littorella lacustris (Englemoor pond).
*Lotus corniculatus.
*Molinia camilea.

*Myrica Gale ; (bog, W. of Wendlesham).
*Nardus stricta (moory parts).
*Narthecium ossifragum (bogs).

*Pbragmites communis (Englemooi
Pond).

*Polygonum minus (about Wendlesham) ;
*Fagopyrum (fields, near Ascot).

*Potamogeton polygonifolius (bogs).

*Radiola Millegrana.

*Rhynchospora alba (bogs).

*Salix repens.

*Sarothamnus scoparius (borders).

*Schoanus nigricans (bog W. of Wendle-
sham, plentiful).

*Scirpus setaceus ; *palustris.

*Scutellaria galerkuiata; *minor.

*Senecio sylvatica.

*Serratula tinctoria (bordering copses, &c.),

*Solidago Virgaurea, &c.

*Spergula arvensis (cornfields, ridges).

*Teucrium Scorodonia (borders).

*Triodia decumbens (moory parts).

*Vaccinium Myrtillus (ridges towards
Frimley).

* Viola palustris (Sunningdale).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Hair-moss (heaths. &c.) ; bog mosses.
*Lomaria Spicant (abundant).
*Nephrodia (lanes, Wendlesham).
*Poiypodium vulgare (lanes, Wendle-
sham).
*Pteris aquilina (not abundant).

LOCALITIES.

159

53. THE HOG'S BACK.

This remarkable formation consists of a narrow chalk ridge, seven or
eight miles in length, running from the break in the chain at Guildford
due west towards Farnham. The plateau above does not exceed a few
hundred feet in width ; the slopes on either side are cultivated, with
occasionally intervening patches of down on the left flank. The Farnham
road traversed the ridge from end to end, but the ascent from Guildford
being extremely steep, it has been disused, and a new one constructed
which ascends the northern flank by an easy gradient, and merges into the
old route a mile or two further on. North of the Hog's Back are the sandy
heaths and ridges about Pirbright and Bagshot ; south of it are those of
the Weald, similar in character, however differing from a geological point
of view. The main ridge on this side, at an average distance from the
downs of six or seven miles, attains at Hind Head Common an altitude of
one thousand feet. Near Puttenham, on one side of the Hog's Back, is an
extensive chalk-pit ; on the other, Wanborough Wood. An isolated
conical hill, called Crookesbury Hill, distant one mile from the western
extremity, and to the south of it, is a prominent object in the landscape.
The flora is that of the chalk district, generally ; the drainage, to the
Wey.

*Aceras antbropopbora (cbalk-pits).

*Anthyllis Vulneraria.

*Asperula cynancbica.

*Briza media.

*Campanula Trachelium (near Guildford)

*Carduus acaulis ; *nutans.

*Centaurea Scabiosa (cornfields).

**Cblora perfoliata.

*Clematis Vitalba.

*Cornus sanguinea.

*Crepis taraxuci folia (chalk-pit).

*I)aphne Laureola ; Mezereum.

*Daucus Carota.

*Echium vulgare (pit).

*Erythraea Centaurium.

*Fumaria parviflora ; densiflora.

*Gentiana Amarella. •

*Helianthenmm vulgare.

Herminium Monorchis.
*Hippocrepis comosa (pit).
*Hypericum hirsutum (pit).
*Ilex aquifolia.
*Inula Conyza.

Lathrsea Squamaria (copse).
*Ligustrum vulgare.
*Linaria minor.

Linum catharticum.

Marrubium vulgare.
*Nepeta Cataria.

Opbrys apitera ; muscifera.
*0rcbis pyramidalis ; *maculata ; ustulata.
*0riganum vulgare.
*Papaver hybridum (cornfields, plenty).

Phyteuma orbiculare.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Plantago media.
*Reseda luiea; *Luteola.
*Rhamnus catbarticiis.
*Rosa micrantba.
*Scabiosa arvensis ; *Columbaria.

Senecio campestris (near New Inn).
*Taxus communis.

Thesium humifusum.
*Tbymus Serpyllum.
*Verbascum Thapsus (near Guildford).

* Verbena officinalis (near Guildford).

* Viburnum Lantana, &c.

Equisetum
Wood).

CRYPTOGAMS.
hyemale (Wanborougb

54. PUTTENHAM, ELSTEAD, AND CROOKESBURY COMMONS.

On Crookesbury Common, the hill included, plantations of Fir-trees are
general, and towards Godalming there are some wooded heights ; otherwise,
the fields excepted which border the river Wey, and a few patches of

160

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

cultivation round about the various villages, the country immediately
south of the Hog's Back is an undulating waste of sandy heaths,
distinguished the one portion from the other with difficulty. Those lying
nearest to the Hog's Back are named as above.

TOTTENHAM COMMON.

Hilly and of considerable extent, sloping from north and north-west to
south-west ; furze- and heath-grown ; here and there, a Holly or a White-
thorn bush. A rill from a spring at the foot of the downs feeds a succession
of ponds, first in the grounds of Hampton Lodge, west of the heath, and
then on the common, and these latter receive the drainage from the upper
slopes. Before entering the Lodge precincts the rill forms an alder swamp.
The ponds on the common, called Cutmill Ponds, are three in succession,
divided from each other by dams; the borders of all are more or less
boggy in places ; continuous westwards with Crookesbury Common.

*Menyanthes trifoliata.

*Nymphaea alba (pond near the Lodge).

*Papaver Argemone (cornfield at Putten-

ham, foot of the slopes).
*Potamogeton polygonifolius ; *natans.
Pyrola minor (wood near Crookesbury

Hill).

*Rhynchospora alba.
Sagina nodosa (Cutmill Ponds).
*Scirpus sylvestris (alder swamp);

*setaceus ; *acicularis.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aulocomnmni palustre ; Sphagnum, &c.
*Bartramia fontana.
*Lomaria Spicant (abundant).
*Lycopodmm inundatum.

*Anagallis tenella (bogs).

*Carex ampullacea ; *paniculata (alder

swamp, above the Lodge) ; *paludosa

(above the Lodge).
*Comarum palustre (upper pond, near the

Alders).
*Drosera rotundifolia; *intermedia ;

Elatine hexandra ; Hydropiper (Cutmill

ponds, lowermost).
*Epilobium palustre.
*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.
*Eriophoron vaginatum.
*Hieracium vulgatum (borders).

Hyoscyamus niger.
*Hypericum Elodes.

Limosella aquatica (ponds).
*Lysimachia vulgaris (alder swamp).
Malax is paludosa (bog, end of pond next

to Hampton Lodge). I

HANKLEY OR ELSTEAD COMMON, AND FRENSHAM COMMON.
These are separated from Puttenham Common by the cultivated lands
about the river Wey and the village of Elstead ; but are continuous in
every other direction with a wide undulating waste of heath. In the
centre is a ridge running north and south, divided by a depression midway
into two portions ; heath- and furze-clad. It drains into a large pond, calle
Stotbridge Pond, connected with which is a bog on one side.

*Aira flexuosa.

Camelina sativa (near Tilford).
*Carex ampullacea ; *paniculata.
*Comarum palustre (bog, and by the pond,

plentiful).

*Digitalis purpurea (borders).
*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.
*Eriophorum vaginatum.
*Filago minima.
*Genista anglica.
*Hypericmn Elodes (bogs).

*Juncus squarrosus.
*Menyantbes trifoliata.
*Navthecium ossifragum.
*0rchis maculata (swampy places).
*Rhynchospora alba.
*Vaccinium Myrtillus.

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Lomaria Spicant.
*Lycopodiuni inundatam.

LOCALITIES.

161

55. FRENSHAM COMMON.

A sandy, heathy plain ; the two large ponds upon it have gravelly
bottoms. Westwards, it is continuous with Farnham Common, of which
the greater portion is hilly and planted with Fir-trees. A chalky subsoil
reappears in this direction. Abbot's Pond, between this common and the
preceding one, has been drained and converted into pasturage.

*Aira flexuosa ; *praecox.

Arabis perfoliata (sandy lanes, about).

Arnoseris pusilla.

Campanula patula (sandy lanes).
*Carex arenaria.
*Cuscuta Epithymum.

Elatine hexandra ; Hydropiper (ponds).
*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.
*Littorella lacustris (ponds).

Luzula Forsteri (dry banks, near).

Myosurus minimus (cornfields . n
Frensham Church).
*Myriophyllum alternifolium (pond).
*Potamogeton polygonifolius, &c.

Potentilla argentea.

Radiola Millegrana.

Ranunculus parviflorus (dry banks).
*Sedum Telephium.

Silene anglica (sandy fields).

APPENDIX.

Chalky banks, &c., about Farnham: Avena strigosa ; Campanula
glomerata and Rapunculus ; Carex strigosa and stricta ; Centunculus
minimus ; Dipsacus pilosus ; Euphorbia platyphylla ; Habenaria chlorantha ;
Hippocrepis comosa; Hyoscyamus mger ; Neoctia Nidus-avis ; Petroseimum
segetum ; Rhynchospora, and Utricularia vulgaris. Peat-bogs, near,
Vaccinium Oxycoccos ; spongy bogs, Black Lake, near Caesar's Camp,
Osmunda regalis.

56. W1TLEY AND THURSLEY COMMONS.

To the south of Puttenham Common, and a mile or so west of Milford,
the first station beyond Godalming, lie the tracts of sandy heath, called
Witley and Thursley commons, continuous with each other except in so
far as they may be deemed separated by a rivulet which has its origin in
some ponds on Witley Common ; of these Witley Lagg, or the Forked Pond,
so called from its peculiar shape, is the largest ; it covers an area of about
eleven acres in extent, and receives the drainage of the slopes to the
southward.

Witley Common slopes on the north side towards the river Wey, between
which and its base lie some wet meadows and moory ground. Thursley
Common is less elevated. There are no pools upon it except a millpond
at Thursley, but in a depression near the centre, a marshy bottom of seme
extent. Subsoil, redsand ; peaty in places.

*Actinocarpus Damasonium (ditches).
*Aira flexuosa.
Arnoseris pusilla (gravelly field near the

Hammer ponds ; and between Milford

and Witley station).
* Car ex paniculata ; *ampullacea.
*Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (copse,

upper end of the Forked Pond).

Circsea lutetiana (copse, upper end of the

Forked Pond).

*Cuscuta Epithymum (abundant).
*Digitalis purpurea (bordering banks).
*Drosera rotundifolia ; *iutermedia.
Elatine hexandra (millpond, Thursley).
*Erica cinerea; *Tetralix.
*Eriophoron angustilolium.

M

162

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

Filago minima.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.
*Hypericum Elodes ; *humifusum.
*Juncus obtusiflorus ; *lamprocarpus.
*Lysimachia vulgaris.
*Menyanthes trifoliata.
* Molinia casrulea.

Polygonum dumetorum (Witley Lagg).
*Khamnus Frangula.

Sagina ciliata ; nodosa (Hammer ponds).
*Stellaria glauca.

*Teesdalia nudicaulis (on the common).
*Vaccinium Oxycoccos (peat-bog near
Borough Farm).

*Wahlenbergia hederacea (Forked Pond,
borders).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Dicranella cerviculata.

*Dicranum scoparium.

*Lomaria Spicant.

*Mnium undulatum (copse, upper end of

the Forked Ponds).
*Nephrodium spinulosum.
*Polytricha (three species).
*Sphagna, &c.

57. GODALMING.

This place lies amidst the red-sandstone hills of the Wealden ; the greater
part of the town in a narrow valley, which, in the more open part towards
Guildford, is characterised by marshy flats, through which flows the river
Wey. The hill west of this flat is called Hurtmoor.

Adoxa moschatellina.

Aquilegia vulgaris.

Arabis perfoliata (copses).

Astragalus Glycyphyllos (Frith Wood).

Campanula Trachelium.

Cardamine amara.

Carex depauperata (woods, near).

Daphne Mezereum (near Stroud House).

Dianthus Armeria (Frith Hill).

Euonymus europseus.

Fritillaria Meleagris (about Stroud).

Gagea lutea ? (meadows near).

Geranium lucidum.

Gnaphalium sylvaticum (slopes towards
Hurtruoor).

Hypericum montanum (Frith Hill).

Iris fcetidissima (slopes towards Hurt-
moor).

Leonurus Cardiaca (four miles on the
road to Haselmere).

Lonicera Xylosteum (hedge near Brook).

Myrica Gale (near Stroud House).

Myriophyllum spicatum (ponds on High
Down Heath).

(Enanthe Lachenalii (common mea-
dows).

Ornithogalum pyrenaicum.

Pimpinella magna.

Potentilla argentea (Barnacle Hill, &c.).

Euscus aculeatus.

Samolus Valeraudi (water courses,
Hurtmoor).

Stellaria aquatica.

Teesdalia nudicaulis (Milford Heath).

Vaccinium Myrtillus (hills, near).

Veronica montana.

CRYPTOGAMS.

Bartramia pomiformis (hedgebank, road
to Haselmere).

Nephrodium Thelypteris (Devil's Punch-
bowl, Hindhead Common).

Osmunda regalis (Devil's Punchbowl,
Hindhead Common).

58. LEITH HILL AND THE HOLMWOOD.

Leith Hill, nearly a thousand feet above the sea-level, lies about four
miles to the south of Dorking ; but the rise in this direction is gradual,
and the slope wooded. The upper part is a sandy, gravelly heath, called
Leith Hill Common, and is separated from the lower-lying Holmwood
Common north-east of it by Ridland Hill, which is covered with plantations,
mostly Fir. The summit can be approached by this route, or direct from
Dorking by a shady lane, which leads up the gorge west of Ridland Hill, to
the hamlet of Cold Harbour at the foot of the last ascent. There is also a
path up the hollow behind Wotton ; or if the former route be preferred, the
descent can be made either this way, or via Abinger to Gomshall, or farther

LOCALITIES.

163

eastwards over the Hurtwood Common, and by Peslik Bottom to Albuiy.
In these hollows are lines of drainage with frequently occurring patches of
bog. The Holm wood is a turfy common, much overgrown with a scrub
of Briars, Brambles, Furze, Ling, Holly, Sallow, Bracken, White-thorn,
and Black-thorn. The frequency of the Holly is a special feature in its
aspect. The timber of the wooded flanks other than the plantations of
Fir, consists of Oak, Birch, Ash, Holly, Sallows, and an undergrowth of
Hazel.

HOLM WOOD COMMON AND WOODS ABOUT.

*Achillea Ptarmica.

Actinocarpus Damasoniuui.
*Aira ca?spitosa (woods).
*Anemone nemorosa.

* Angelica sylvestris.

Barbarea pracox (road from Dorking).
*Betonica officinalis.
*Campanula rotundifolia ; *Tracheliuni.

Carex CEderi (on the common).
*Castanea vulgaris (woods).
*Circgea lutetiana (lanes).

Convallaria majalis (Hurtwood com-
mon).

^Digitalis purpurea.
*Epilobium angustifolium (Ridland

wood).

*Erythraea Centaurium (Ridland wood).
*Euphrasia officinalis.
*Fragaria vesca.
*Galeopsis Tetrahit (lanes).

Genista tinctoria.
*Hieracium sylvaticum ; umbellatum ;

murorum ; boreale.

*Hippuris vulgar is (pond on Bury Hill).
*Hypericum Androssemum (lanes between
Dorking ; and Wotton) ; *perforatum ;
*hirsutum.
*Lamium Galeobdolon.'

Limosella aquatica (ditch, Holm wood).
*0rchis mascula (woods).
*0xalis Acetosella.

Populus tremula.
*Pyrus Aucuparia.
*Rosa systyla (woods).
*Rubus carpinifolius ; *corylifolius
(woods).

Kuscus aculeatus.
*Scabiosa succisa.
*Scilla nutans.
*Senebiera didyma (Dorking road).

Senecio sylvatica.
*Solidago Virgaurea.
*Stachys sylvatica.
*Tamus communis.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.

Tulipa sylvestris (orchard above).
*Vaccinium Myrtillus (Ridland Hill).
*Viburnum Opulus.

* Viola odorata (lanes, Leith Hill, and
swampy hollows below).

LEITH HILL.

*Aira flexuosa ; caryophyllacea ; prascox.
*Anagallis tenella (bogs).
Campanula rapunculoides (towards

Wotton).

*Carex glauca; *flava; binervis; *caas-
pitosa ; paliescens (near Peslik).
Corydalis claviculata (moist woods
about Abinger, &c.).
Digitalis purpurea (copses).
Eriophoron angustifolium ; *vagi-
natum.

Gnaphalium sylvaticum.
*Hieracium umbellatum ; murorum ;
boreale (banks towards Dorking).
Hypericum Androsc^mum (near Lone-
some) ; *Elodes (bogs).
*Juncus obtusiflorus ; squarrosus.
Luzula multiflora (ravine).
*Molinia casrulea (rnoory parts).
Myosotis repens (bogs).
*Nardus stricta.

*Narthecium ossifragum (bogs).
*0rchis maculata (swampy places).
*Rbamnus Frangula.
Rubus suberectus ; carpinifolius ; villi-
caulis; tomentosa.
*Scutellaria minor.
*Solidago Virguurea.
*Triodia decumbens.
*Ulex Gallii (with heaths, &c.).
*Vaccinium Myrtillus (abundant).
Veronica montana.

CRYPTOGAMS (GENERALLY).

Aspidium aculeatum (swampy wood
N. of Cold Harbour, also var. lobatum).

Aulocomnion palustre and Sphagnum.

Botrychium Lunaria (summit).

Hypnum cuspidatum, &c.

Lomaria Spicant ; Pteris.

Lycopodium clavatum (near the sum-
mit) ; *inundatum ; Selago (wet
places, foot of hill).

Mnium undulatum.

Nephrodium spinulosum ; dilatatum
(moist woods); Oreopteris (Hohnwood,
Leith Hill descent towards Wotton,
and Broadmoor, foot of the hill).

M 2

164

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

Osmunda regalis (near Lonesome (?)
olim ; between Dorking and Cold
Harbour ; Peslik Bottom).

Pilularia globulifera (large pond on the
Holmwood).

Splachnum ampullaceum (Lei La Hill).
Trichostomum canescens.

59. TILGATE FOREST.

This extensive forest in the Weald of Sussex lies south of the branch
line from Three Bridges via Crawley to Horsham. Oak and Birch, with
plantations of Firs, is the prevailing timber. The damp hollows and sand-
stone ridges within its precincts produce several plants rarely seen nearer
London. The forest may be reached by the Balcombe and Cuckfield road
at Crawley, or from the Three Bridges station direct into this road over
Pound Hill. Subsoil, calcareous sandstone and grit ; in places, argillaceous.

Aquilegia vulgaris (copse right).

€arex vesicaria (copse right).

Epipactis latifolia; var. purpurata.

Erythnta pulchella (banks of ponds near
Three Bridges station).

Cicendia filiformis (bog beyond Pease
Pottage Gate).

Fragaria elatior.

•Gentiana Pneumonanthe (several places
near Handcross, and between the ' Nor-
folk Arms ' and Balcombe).

{^ymnadenia albida.

Hypericum Androssemum (near Cuck-
field, in the forest).

Luzula Forsteri ; sylvestris.

Narcissus biflorus.

Narthecium ossifragum (in the hollows).

Serratula tinctoria.

Wahlenbergia hederacea, &c.

CRYPTOGAMS.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum.

Athyrium Filix-fcemina.

Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (on the
main ridge near Balcombe, and on
Chiddingly Rocks, Pook Church Rock).

Lomaria Spicant.

Lycopodium clavatum ; inundatum ;
Selago (all on the banks of a pond
below the bog between Pease Pot-
tage Gate and Starvemouse Plain).

Nephrodium spinulosum; dilatatum ;
Oreopteris (banks of rills) ; Filix-mas.

Polypodiutn Phegopteris.

Scolopendrium vulgare.

60. FELBEIDGE.

"Twenty-five miles from London, between Godstone and East Grinstead,"
;and " abounding with large pools of water, deep ravines, rocky chasms,
woods, bogs., and heaths ;" easily accessible from either of the above stations.
Subsoil argillaceous and sandy, with calcareous grit in places.

Actinocarpus Damasonium (Hedge

Pool).

Bupleurum rotundifolium (fields about).
Carduus pratensis.
Carex stellulata ; pulicaris ; panicea ;

laevigata; paniculata.; Pseudo-cyperus;

ampullacea.

Chlora perfoliata (fields).
Convallaria majalis (wood by Furnace

Pool).

Cuscuta Epithymum.
Drosera rotundifolia ; intermedia.
Erythnea Centaurium.
Genista angliea.
Lathyrus Nissolia ,(woods).
Littorella lacustris (Hedge Pool).
Lysimachia vulgaris (hedge ditches).

Melampyrum pratense (woods).
Melittis Melissophyllum (and varieties,

wood adjoining Furnace Pool).
Menyanthes trifoliata (Woodcock Pool).
Myrica Gale (wood towards Crawley).
Myriophyllum spicatum (Woodcock

Pool).

Narthecium ossifragum (bogs).
Neottia Nidus -avis.
Nympha?a alba (Woodcock Pool).
Orobanche major ; minor.
Potamogeton.
Prunus domestica (near the mill, lower

end of Woodcock Pool).
Pyrus Aucuparia (chasms of rocks) ;

torminalis (woods).
Radiola Millegrana.

LOCALITIES.

165

Rharnnus Frangula.

Kibes nigrum (chasms of rocks).

Scirpus lacustris.

Scute II aria galericulata.

Typha latifolia ; angustifolia.

Utricularia (species not known).
Viola palustris (Furnace Pool).
Wahlenbergia hederacea (borders of

Woodcock Pool and in a wet, boggy

field).

61. HIGH ROCKS AND WATERDOWN FOREST, NEAR TUNBRIDGE
WELLS.

An argillaceous soil, more or less mixed with calcareous grit and sandstone
rocks in parallel ridges (as met with in Tilgate Forest and elsewhere in the
Weald), characterises the country about Tunbridge Wells ; damp hollows,
rocky ravines, and occasionally patches of bog are frequent in the neighbour-
ing woods and forests. Rare plants are to be found in this locality, especially
Ferns, Mosses, and Scale-mosses.

Actinocarpus Damasonium (forest).
Agrostis setacea (on one spot in the

forest, near Heathfield).
Aquilegia vulgaris (near High Rocks).
Calamagrostis Epigejos (wood near High

Rocks, towards Tunbridge Wells).
Carex dioica (peat bogs ; forest) ; laevi-

gata (woods about).
Corydalis claviculata (High Rocks).
Delphinium Ajacis (by the stream).
Dentaria bulbifera (both sides of the

stream at High Rocks).
Erythrsea pulchella (cornfields between

road to High Rocks and Rusthall

Common).
Euphorbia platyphylla (road to the

rocks).

Gastridium lendigerum (cornfields near).
Gentiana Pneumonanthe (sides of bogs

in the forest towards Erith Park ; alt-o

field right of coach road over the

forest to High Rocks) ; campestris (in

the forest).

Gnaphalium sylvaticum (High Rocks).
Hypericum Androsamurn (copses

about).
Hypochceris glabra (Tunbridge Wells

Common) .

Jnula Conyza (High Rocks).
Lithospermum officinale (High Rocks).

Malaxis paludosa (great bog near Kid-

brooke Park gates).
Menyanthes trifoliata (bogs, forest).
Myrica Gale (in the forest).
Rhynchospora alba (bogs in the forest).
Sedum Telephium (banks of the stream,

High Rocks).
Trifolium ochroleucum (banks of the

stream, High Rocks).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Andrasa rupestris (High Rocks).

Asplenium lanceolatum (rocks, and by
path leading to High Rocks); Tricho-
manes (rock, Tunbridge Wells Com-
mon).

Diphyscum foliosum (sand-rocks,Eridge).

Eucalypta vulgaris (fissures of the
rocks).

Grimmia apocarpa (sand-rocks).

Hookeria lucens.

Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (High
Rocks).

Splachnum ampullaceum (high part of
Ashdown Forest, not far from Wych
Cross, and in the great bog, Forest
Row).

Trichostoma canescens (sandy, hilly
places near Tunbridge Wells) ; hetero-
stichum (High Rocks).

62. HILLS EAST OF WROTHAM.

At Wrotham the downs incline to the north-eastward, and thus form
the western side of a funnel, leading to the outlet by which the river
Medway finds its way to the estuary of the Thames. On the opposite side
of this funnel, near Rochester, the hills appear to attain a greater elevation
than elsewhere along the range, although in the immediate vicinity of
Wrotham they are not less than eight hundred feet high. The same
smooth rounded outline of configuration characterises this section of the
downs as elsewhere ; the same vajes of drainage deepening and widening

166

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

as they descend ; the same sheepwalks above, sprinkled here and there with
Juniper, and crowned with beechwoods ; below, the wheat-producing
line of the Gault, and beyond, the sandstone-ridges of the Wealden. A
shady lane, grass-grown, and little used, leads along the foot of the downs
from Wrotham onwards, whence there is easy access to the slopes and such
of the woods and copses as are unenclosed. This lane serves, as a matter
of fact, to form a boundary line between the formations, and as a limit to
the plants peculiar to that of the chalk ; which appear here side by side
with those of the ordinary woodland type.

Alchemilla vulgaris (Hill Park near

Westerbam).
*Atithyllis Vulneraria.
* A.sperula cynanchica.
*Bracbypodium pinnatum (downs) ;

*sylvaticum.
*Briza media.

*Bromus erectus ; *racemosus ; *asper.
*Calamintha menthifolia (plentiful) ;

*Clinopodium.

*Campanula Trachelium ; *glomerata.
*Carduus acaulis.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Centaurea Scabiosa.
*Cephalanthera grandiflora.
*Chlora perfoliata (in profusion in some

places).

*Cichorium Intybus.
*Cistus Helianthemum.
*Clematis Vitalba.
*Digi talis purpurea.
*Dipsacus pilosus (in tbe lane two miles

beyond Wrotham ; a patch of it) ;

sylvestris.
*Echium vulgare.
*Erigeron acris.
*Erythnea Centaurium.
*Euphorbia platyphylla (cornfields) ;

*amygdaloides (hedgebanks).
*Euphrasia officinalis.

*Galeopsis Tetrabit ; *Ladanum.
*Gentiana Amarella.
*Helminthia echioides.
*Hypericum hirsutuni ; *perfoliatum.
*lnula Conyza.
*Iris fostidissima.
*Juniperus cornmunis.
*Linum catharticum.
*Melampyrum pratense (hedge below).
*0rchis pyramidalis.
*0riganum vulgare.
*Pastinaca sativa.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula vulgaris (hedges below).
*Reseda lutea.
*Rosa canina ; *micrantha.
Salvia pratensis (near Wrotham

private grounds"; Mr. Hanbury).
*Scabiosa arvensis ; *succisa ; *Colum-

baria.

*Senecio sylvaticus ; *erucifolius.
*Tamus europaeus.
*Taxus baccata.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
* Verbascum Thapsus.
*Viburnum Lantana.
*^7"iola odorata ; *hirta ; *sylvestris.

in

63. COBHAM AND CUXTON.

From Cobham to Ouxton the distance by the road is about four miles.
The road lies in a hollow below Cobham Park, from which it is separated
by a cultivated slope. A footpath, however, runs along the margin of
these extensive grounds, with ready access to the road beyond. Towards
Cuxton, from the hamlet of Bush onwards, the slopes are uncultivated and
of low elevation, though steep. Subsoil, chalk and calcareous grit, producing
the usual chalk plants. At Cuxton are mud-banks and marshy flats, with
many plants peculiar to the shores of a tidal river.

Adonis autumnalis ?
*Ajuga ChaniEepitys (fields).
*Asperula cynanchica.
* Astragalus Glycypbyllos (copses, park

borders).
*Brachypodium pinnatum (in the park).

*Briza media (in the park).
*Calamintha Clinopodiurn ; *mentbifolia

(roadside beyond Bush).
Cephalantbera grandiflora ; ensifolia.
*Chlora perfoliata.
*Cichorium Intybus.

LOCALITIES.

167

*Clcmatis Vitalba.

Dianthus Armeria.

Euphorbia Lathyris (near Cobham).
*Galeopsis Ladanum (fields).
*Helianthemum vulgare.
*Hippocrepis comosa.

Lathyrus Nissolia.
*Linaria spuria.

Lithospermum arvense.

Monotropa Hypopitys (woods).
*Nepeta Cataria (at Bush).

Ophrys apifera ; muscifera.

Orchis pyramidalis ; fusca.
*0riganum vulgare.
*Papaver somniferum (field).

Note. — Althaea hirsuta and Salvia
about the park.

Ax CUXTON.

*Agrostis alba (stolonifera).
*Apium graveolens (ditches near).
* Aster Tripolium (abundant).
*Atriplex erecta.
*Ruppia rnaritima (ditches near).
*Scirpus maritimus.

*Pastinaca sativa.

*Petroselinum segetum (in field sloping

up to the park, abundant).
*Picris hieracioides.

* Reseda lutea.
Rhamnus catharticus.

Rosa spinosissima ; rubiginosa; tomen-
tosa.

*Scabiosa arvensis.
*Sclerochloa rigida.

Verbascum Lychnitis ; Blattaria ?

* Verbena offlcinalis, &c.
*Viburnum Lantana.

Viscum album (on Thorn-trees).

pratensis are no longer found in or

*Sclerochloa maritima.
*Spergularia marina (neglecta).
Near Cuxton, Stroud Road : Linum
angustifolium.
Chalk-pits near Rochester : Verbascum

Blattaria.
*Melilotus alba.
*Triglochin maritima.

ADDENDA.

Castle-walls," Rochester: *Dianthus caryophyllus. Flats beyond: Sali-
cornia ; Beta maritima, Statice, &c. Marshes, Stroud : Bupleurum
tenuissimum.

64. ABOUT NORTHFLEET AND GRAVESEND.

Northfleet and Gravesend are in juxtaposition, so much so that the
houses are continuous above the chalk banks which form the river frontage.
The excavations are of immense extent, and about Gravesend especially are
replete with verdure and foliage. Beyond this place in the direction of
Cobham, is gently rising ground, with a subsoil of chalky grit and culti-
vated ; but by the river-side wide flats are seen, now drained and converted
into pasturage (formerly marshy), extending beyond Higham and Cliffe to
the mouth of the Medway ; near Northfleet are also flats by the river,
and at Swanscombe is a wood rich in plants, as are also the roads and lanes
inland through Southfleet and Betsome. This locality, therefore, is a good
one for field botany, and of easy access.

Aceras anthropophora.

Agrostis Spica-Venti (Northfleet).
*Ajuga reptans (Higham pit, profuse).

Alopecurus bulbosus (Northfleet).
*Apium graveolens.
*Artemisia maritima ; Absinthium (near

pits ?).

* Asparagus officinal is.
*Asperula cynanchica (cliffs).

Aster Tripolium.

*Atriplex arenaria; littoralis ; portula-
coides.

Avena pubescens (chalky hills).
*Beta maritima.

*Campanula glomerata (chalky banks).
*Carex divisa (flats) ; *flava(pit bottoms).

Catabrosa aquatica (ditches).

Caucalis daucoides.
*Centaurea Calcitrapa (roadside, &c., near

the cement works).

*Centranthus ruber (pits; also a white
variety).

Cheiranthus Cheiri (cliffs).

Chenopodium hybridum (about N'fleet).

168

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

*Chlora perfoliata (pits).

*Cichorium Intybus.

*Clernatis Vitaiba.

*Crepis taraxacifolia ; fcetida ; *biennis.

*Cynoglossum officinale (abundant by the

canal 1£ mile from Gravesend).
*Cynosurus cristatus (pit bottoms).

Dianthus Armeria (between Shorne and
Stroud).

Digitalis purpurea (woods and copses).
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia (pits, abundant).
*Echium vulgare.

Epipactis latifolia (woods at Cliffe).
*Erythreea Centaurium (also at Shorne,

&c.).

*Euphorbia platyphylla (fields).
*Festuca sciuroides (flats, Northfleet).

Foeniculum vulgare.

Galium tricorne (fields towards Cob-
ham) ; anglicum (chalk-cliffs).

Gastridium lendigerum (cliffs).

Gentiana Amarella (pits).

Helleborus fcetidus (chalk- cliffs).
*Helminthia ecbioides (Higham, &c.).

Hieracium sylvaticum.
*Hippocrepis comosa (on the chalk) .
*Hordeum maritimum ; *pratense.
*Hydrocharis Morsus-range (ditches, flats

at Higham, abundant).
*Hypericum hirsutum ; *perforatum.
*inula Conyza (pits, &c.).

Iris fcetidissima (woods).
*Juncus maritimus.

Lactuca saligna (near Cliffe).
*Lemna polyrhiza (marsh ditches).
*Lepidium ruderale.
*Lepturus filiformis (plentiful l£ miles

or so from Gravesend by the canal).
*Linaria minor (pits) ; *spuria (fields) ;

repens (cliffs).
*Linum catharticum (pits).

Listera ovata.

Lithospermum officinale ; *arvense.
*Lysimachia Nummularia (pit bottoms).
*Melilotus officinalis.

Myosurus minimus (cliffs).
*Nepeta Cataria (roadside, Northfleet).
*0nonis arvensis.

Onopordum Acanthium.

*0phrys apifera ; muscifera ; aranifera ?
Orchis pyramidalis ; fusca ; *maculata.

*Papaver hybridum (fields towards Cob-
ham).

*Parietaria diffusa (cliffs, abundant).

*Pastinaca sativa.

*Petroselinum segetum (cliffs).

*Pimpinella Saxifraga.

*Potamogeton pusillus (ditches, flats).

*Poterium Sanguisorba.

*Reseda lutea ; *Luteola.

*Samolus Valerandi (ditches on the flats).

*Saponaria officinalis (lane leading from
Shorne to the flats, plenty).

*Scabiosa Columbaria.

*Scandix Pecten-Veneris (fields).
Scilla autumnalis (Shorne Warren).

*Scirpus maritimus.
Sclerocbloa rigida ; *maritima.

*Sedum sexangulare (old walls, Higham) ;
*reflexum.

*Sison Amomum (Shorne).
Sium latifolium (Northfleet).

*Smyrnium Olusatrum (pits, Northfleet).

*Sparganium ramosum (ditches on the
flats).

' Specularia hybrida (fields).

*Spergularia neglecta.

*Statice Limonium (by the Thames).

*Torilis nodosa (flats, and on banks).
Trifolium maritimum ; scabrum ; stria-
turn.

*Triglochin maritimum ; *palustre.

*Triticum junceum (flats).

* Verbascum Thapsus.

*Viburrmm Lantana.

*Zannichellia palustris (ditches on the
flats).

CRYPTOGAMS.

Anomodon viticulosum.

Ceterach officinarum (Cliffe Church).

Homalothecium sericeum.

Hypnum lutescens ; filicinum ; Crista-

Castrensis (? molluscum) ; nitens.
Neckera crispa (chalk cliffs, Gravesend).
Thuidium abietinum.

65. GRAYS AND TILBURY.

These localities opposite Northfleet and Gravesend, on the Essex side,
are somewhat similar as regards the flats by the river and bordering
chalk. The country however, comparatively speaking, is a low-lying
one, for although higher ground is apparent at no great distance in-
land, it can hardly be regarded as hilly. The chalk banks, with exten-
sive recent excavations at Grays, are little above the level of the plain,
and are covered with two or three feet of gravel drift. Bordering the

LOCALITIES.

169

flats about Grays are cornfields ; about Tilbury Fort these flats have
somewhat of a fenny character, but less marshy now perhaps than was
formerly the case, owing to drainage and the embankment here as else-
where by the Thames.

* Aster Tripolium.

*Atriplex littoralis ; *portulacoides.

*Bupleurutn tenuissimum.

*Carex divisa.

*Centaurea Calcitrapa.

Chenopodium rubrum.
*Cynoglossum montanum (near Tilbury).
*Daucus Carota.

Festuca sciuroides (E. Tilbury) ; Pseudo-
Myurus (ditto).

*Hordeum pratense ; *maritimum.
*Juncus maritimus.

Lepidium latifolium ? (Grays).
*Lepturus filiforrnis.
*Petroselinum segetum.
*Phragmites communis (ditches).
*Plantago maritima.

Polypogon monspeliensis ? (opposite
Northfleet, olim).
*Salicornia herbacea.

Sambucus Ebulus (between E. and W.
Tilbury).

SchcEnus nigricans ? (fenny flats about

the Fort, olim).
*Scirpus maritimus.

Sclerochloa procumbens ; *maritima.
*Sperguiaria neglecta.
*Statice Limonium.
*Suseda maritima.
*Tordylium maximum (E. de C.).

Trifolium maritimum.
*Triglochin maritimum.
*Triticum junceum.

66. SOUTHEND AND CANVEY ISLAND.

Southend is beyond the limits of a thirty or thirty-five miles radius from
the metropolis, but the facility of access to the place is so great, and
the opportunity of obtaining many plants found only on the sea-shore
so favourable, that the intrusion of the locality may be freely excused.
High clay banks between Leigh and Southend, with muddy shore and a
stone embankment by the railway ; near Leigh a miniature sandy bay.
At Canvey Island an alluvial flat, with muddy shores and for the most
part cultivated ; beyond Southend, towards Shoeburyness sandbanks, a
muddy shore on one side and an alluvial flat on the other : such are the
topographical characters of the localities. The flora is varied ; and the
occurrence of chalk plants indicates the presence of that substance in the
subsoil.

Allium vineale.

Althaea officinalis.
*Armeria maritima (near Leigh).
*Artemisia maritima.
* Aster Tripolium.

Atriplex littoralis ; *portulacoides ; *Ba-
bingtonii ; *arenaria.
*Beta maritima.

Bromus arvensis (Southend).

Cakile maritima.
*Carex divisa ; arenaria.
*Carlina vulgaris.

Cerastium tetrandrum.

Chenopodium olidum; rubrum.
*Cochlearia officinalis.

Convolvulus Soldanella.

Coriandrum sativum.

Crepis biennis; taraxacifolia.

Dianthus Armeria (near Leigh, among
bushes on the low hills).

*Diplotaxis tenuifolia ; muralis.
Elymus arenarms.
Erigeron acris.
*Eryngium maritimum.
*Erythrgea Centaurium (high clay bank) ;
pulchella (near Southend).
Euphorbia platyphylla (cornfields above
Southend) ; Paralias (S. Shoebury com-
mon).

Festuca uniglumis (Southend).
*Fceniculum vulgare.
Frankenia Isevis (shore near Waker-
ing).

*Geranium Columbinum (Southend).
*Glaucium luteum.
*Glaux maritima.

Honckeneya peploides (N. Shoebury).
*Hordeum maritimum.
Hyoscyamus niger.

170

A NEW LONDON FLOEA.

Inula Conyza; crithmoides (salt marshes).

Koeleria cristata (commons near).
*Lactuca saligna; *virosa; Scariola.
*Lathyrus Nissolia (clay cliffs); tube-
rosus (Canvey Island) ; hirsutus (bushes
about Hadleigh Castle).

Lavatera arborea (clay cliffs).
*Lepidium ruderale (Canvey Island).
*Linaria spuria (cornfields).
*Linum angusti folium (clay cliffs).

Lithosperrnum officinale.

Medicago minima (shore below South-
end).

*0nonis spinosa.

*0nopordum Acanthium (shore below
Southend).

Phleum arenarium.
*Phragmites communis.
*Picris hieracioides.
*Polypogon littoralis (Canvey Island);

monspeliensis (Canvey Island).
*Prunus spinosa.

Psamma arenaria (Shoebury beach).

Ranunculus hirsutus (Canvey Island).

Reseda lutea.

Rubus corylifolius.

*Ruppia rostellata (ditches in the flats).
*Sagina maritima.
"SaUcornia herbacea.
*Salix cinerea.
*Salsola Kali.

Samolus Valerandi.

Saxifraga granulata.
*Scirpus maritimus.
*Senecio erucifulius ; sylvaticus.

Silene maritima.
*Sinapis nigra (clay cliffs).

Speeularia hybrida (( ornfields).
*Spergularia neglecta.

Stactiys arvensis (cliffs towards Leigh).
*Statice Limonium.
*Sua3da maritima.

Thymus Serpyllum.

Trifolium scabrum.
*Triglochin maruimum.
*Triticum juriceum.

*Typha angustifolia (ditches in Canvey
Island).

Verbascum nigrum.

Viola hirta.

Zostera marina.

67. NORTON HEATH, ONGAR AND FYFIELD.

Whatever may have been the extent of this heath formerly, but little
remains of it at present but a few square acres of furze-grown common,
left of the Chelmsford road. The subsoil is gravel, and many pits are
upon the heath from which gravel has been dug out. Ongar and Fy field
are in the near neighbourhood, distant about four miles from each other
and from the heath, in such wise that Fyfield forms the apex of the
triangular space which they enclose. The country lies high hereabouts,,
and is well cultivated ; it is drained by the upper waters of the Roding.
The occurrence towards Fyfield of some plants belonging to the chalk series
is accounted for by the presence of calcareous grit in the loamy gravelly
soil.

*AchilIea Ptarmica.

*Adoxa moschatellina (about Fyfield).

Alchemilla -vulgaris (Great Canfield,
near High Roding).

Allium vineale.
*Anthemis nobilis (on the heath).

Anthriscus vulgaris (about Fyfield).
*Betonica officinalis (Norton Heath).
*Bupleurum rotundilblium (cornfields,
Fyfield) ; *falcatum (roadside beyond
Norton Heath, towards Chelmsford).
*Calluna vulgaris.

Campanula glomerata (Fyfield).

Carex pendula (Norton Heath).

Carlina vulgaris (Fyfield).

Cerastium aquaticum (ditches, Ongar).

Chlora perfoliata (Fyfield).

Cuscuta Trifolii (Fyfield).

*Cynoglossum montanum (Fyfield).
Doronicurn plantagineum (Fyfield).
Euphorbia platyphylla (cornfields,

Fyfield).

Galanthus nivalis (field near C. Ongar).
Galeopsis Ladanum (cornfields).
Galium tricorne (cornfields, Fyfield).
Gentiana Amarella (Fyfield).
Gymnadenia conopsea (between High

and Chipping Ongar).
Habenaria chlorantha; viridis (Norton

Heath).

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris (Norton Heath).
Hyosc.yamus niger (Fyfield).
Juncus obtusiflorus, &c. (C. Ongar).
Lathyrus Aphaca (near Ongar) ; Nissolia

(Norton Heath); tuberosus (hedges

and cornfields, iyfield).

LOCALITIES.

171

Lithospermnm officinale (Fyfield).
*Lotns corniculatus ; *major (Norton

Heath).
Lysirmichia vulgaris (by the Roding,

Fyfield).

*Mentha sativa (Norton Heath).
*Myriophylluin verticillatum (Norton

Heath).

Onopordum Acanthium (Fyfield).
Orchis latifolia (Fyfield).
Parnassia palusiris (Chipping Ongar, and
between Chipping and High Ongar by
the Koding in rnai>hy meadows).
*Picris hieracioides (towards Fyfield).
Pimpinella magna (Ongar).
*Potentilla anserina, &c. (Norton Heath).

Ribes Grossularia (Ongar).

Rurnex pulcher (High Ongar).

Sagittaria sagittifolia (Ongar).
*Seuecio sylvaticus (Norton Heath);
*erucifolius (Fyfield).

Silybum Marianum (Fyfield).

Stachys arvensis (cornfields, Fyfield).

Virica minor (Fyfield).
•Zaunichellia palustris (Norton Heath).

CRYPTOGAMS.
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum (?)(Norton

Heath) ; Trichomanes (near Ungar).
Athyrium Filix-foemina (Fyfield).
Ophioglossum vulgatum (between High

and Chipping Ongar).

68. ESSEX CORNFIELDS.

A rolling expanse of undulating country, mostly cornfields, extends
from beyond Fyfield in every direction. The section north-westward
between that place and Bishop's Stortford will afford opportunities of
observing what may be considered the characteristic flora. The subsoil is
a gravelly loam, more or less mixed with calcareous grit ; paths through
the cornfields and lanes everywhere, from hamlet to hamlet, render access
easy. Near the village of Hatfield Broad Oak is an extensive forest,
private property, and not open to the public without permission.

*/Ethusa Cynapium.

*Alopecurus agrees.

*Anchusa arvensis.

*Avena fatua (cornfields).

*Bartsia Odontites (lanes and borders of

cornfields).

Blysmus compressus (Hatfield Forest).
*Brachypodium pinnatum (park).
*Briza media (park, Hatfield Forest).
*Bromus secalinus (in two or three fields,

Little Laver).
*Bupleurum rotund ifolium (cornfields,

frequent).

*Calamintha Clinopodium (lanes).
*Campanula Trachelium (roadside hedges

near Hatfield Broad Oak).
*Carduus acaulis (in the park).
*Carex pendula (roadside, ditches) ;

Pseudo-cyperus (lake in the park).
*Centaurea Cyanus.
*Cichorium Intybus (lanes).

*Clematis Vitalba (lanes).
*Convolvulus arvensis (abundant).
*Cynoglossum montauum (Hatfield

Forest).

*Daucus Carota (roadsides).
Euphorbia platyphylla ; *exigua.
*Fnmaria officinalis (fields).
*Galeopsis Ladanum ; *Tetrahit.
*Galium tricorne (Reids).
*Helianthemum vulgare (roadsides).
*Lithospermum arvense (fields).
*Lythrum Salicaria (ditches, roadsides).
*Molilotus officinalis (roadsides).
*0nonis arvensis (roadsides).
*Pnpaver Rhoeas (fields).
*Picris hieracioides (roadsides).

* Ranunculus arvensis (fields).
*Sagina nodosa (by the lake in the park).
*Scal)iosa succisa ; *arvensis.

* Frifolium fragiferum (roadsides).

* Viburnum Lantana (hedges).

69. HERTFORD HEATH AND SURROUNDING WOODS.

Hertford Heath is situated on high ground, between Hoddesdon and
Hertford. It is surrounded by woods, and has nothing in its aspect in
common with the sandy heaths south of the Thames, but, from being much
overgrown with bushes, has a great resemblance to Epping Forest. It is,
however, of a more open character to the left of the Hertford road,

172

A NEW LONDON FLOKA.

and this portion is separated from that which is right of the road by
enclosures and the village. The scrub consists principally of Oak,
Bramble, Briar, Blackthorn, and Whitethorn, Calluna and Salix repens.
Subsoil gravel. Pryor's Wood and the woods bordering it in the direc-
tion of Haileybury College are principally of Oak and Hornbeam, with
an admixture of Ash, Maple, and Sallow. Ball's Wood, near Hertford,
is of considerable extent, and enclosed ; it is a cold damp wood, sloping
to the north ; with a dense vegetation of Oak, Maple, Hornbeam, and
Ash, and an undergrowth of Hazel, Sallows, Viburnum Opulus, Briar
and Bramble. The gravelly subsoil of this part of Herts rests upon chalk.
In the woods are patches of swamp and pools.

*Aira caespitosa.
Allium vineale (between Hoddesdon and

Haileybury).
Arabis hirsuta (copse, hillside beyond

Gol dings).

*Betonica officinalis.
*Brachypodium sylvaticum.
*Bromus asper; *racemosus (bordering

lanes in profusion).
*Calamagrostis Epigejos (Ball's Wood and

Pryor's Wood?); lanceolata? (Ball's

Wood).
*Carex pendula ; *sylvatica ; *flava ; *vesi-

caria (Pryor's Wood); binervis; pilu-

lifera; strigosa (Quick's Hill Wood);

Boenninghausiana (ponds in Ball's Wood).
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (Quick's

Hill Wood).

Comarum palustre (Ball's Wood).
Convallaria majalis (Pryor's Wood).
*Dipsacus pilosus (ditches bordering

hedges of Ball's Wood).;
*Erythraa Centaurium (Ball's Wood).
*Genista tinctoria (borders of Ball's

Wood).
Habenaria chlorantha (Ball's Wood and

Box Wood).

*Helosciadium inundatum.
*Hieracium vulgatum ; boreale (?) (Hert-
ford Heath).
*Holcus lanatus.

*Hypericum hirsutum (Ball's Wood).

Iberis amara (field N. of Pryor's Wood.

Lysimachia Nummularia (Ball's Wood).
*Melampyrum pratense (woods).

Mentha sativa.
*Menyanthes trifoliata (Pryor's Wood).

also in Ball's Wood).
*Milium effusum (woods).

Moanchia erecta (Hertford Heath).
*Neottia Nidus-avis (woods).

(Enanthe Phellandrium (ponds N. side of
Ball's Wood).

Orobanche major (Hertford Heath).

Paris quadrifolia (Ball's Wood).

Pimpinella magna (about Ball's Wood,
and towards Bayford).
*Poa nemoralis (woods).
*Populus tremula (woods).
*Rosa arvensis.
*Puibus glandulosus.

*Serratula tinctoria (borders of Ball's
Wood).

Stellaria glauca (Hertford Heath).

Vinca minor (Box Wood).

CRYPTOGAMS.
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum (Hertford

Heath, near Townsend Arms).
Athyrium Filix-foemina (?) (Pryor's

Wood).
Lomaria Spicant (Hertford Heath).

70. THE LEA VALLEY ABOUT HATFIELD, HERTFORD AND
WARE.

The river Lea, from Hatfield onwards, pursues an easterly course towards
Ware ; meandering through meadows with slopes on the north side more
generally cultivated, while those to the southward are principally wooded.
Ball's Wood (referred to in the preceding locality), the woods of Bayford-
bury, Brickendonbury, about Essendon and at Hatfield Park, are all private
property and enclosed, and unless where crossed by a public road or foot-
path, cannot be entered without permission. North of the river are Ware
and Panshanger Parks. The Lea is an inconsiderable stream to within a
short distance of Hertford, although swelled by the drainage from the

LOCALITIES.

173

uplands to the south of it ; near Hertford it is joined by two affluents.
The subsoil is alluvial in the valley ; gravelly with underlying chalk on
the slopes. Near Hertford and east of Hatfield Park are chalk pits ; these,
with the woods, where accessible, and the waste gravelly fields of occasional
occurrence, the roadsides, and meadows by the river, offer opportunities
of obtaining specimens of a few plants not frequent elsewhere near London.

*Adoxa moschatellina (woods).

Alchemilla vulgaris (near Essendon and
Brickendon, and meadows near Stan-
borough).

Allium vineale (dry knolls in the mea-
dows between Hertford and Ware).

Anthemis arvensis (Gallows Plain, Hert-
ford).

*Anthyllis Vulneraria (chalk pits Hert-
ford, Essendon, and near Hattield Park).

Arabis perfoliata (frequent N.W. of
Hertford, and between Hatfield Park
and Cole Green).

Asperula cynanchica (pits, Hertford).

Atropa Belladonna (Hatfield Park).

Barbarea arcuata (between Hertford and
Ware Park).

*Brachypodium pinnatum (chalk pit near
Hertford).

Bupleurum rotundi folium (Mangrove
Lane, fields adjoining the brook).

Calamintha Acinos (Gallows Plain).

Campanula glomerata (pit behind Hert-
ford Union workhouse).

Carduus acaulis (about Hertford, scarce) ;
*nutans (about Hertford, scarce).

Carex acuta; Pseudo-cyperus (between
Hertford and Ware) ; pallescens (ponds
S. and S.W. of Hertford); pulicaris
(woods S. of Hertford) ; strigosa (Stan-
borough and elsewhere).

Carlina vulgaris (about Hertford, scarce).

Centaurea Cyanus (fields, Hertford,
scarce).

Ceratophyllum aquaticum (between
Hertford and Ware).

Chlora perfoliata (pit near Hatfield Park).
*Clematis Vitalba (about the chalk pits).

Cynoglossum officinale (Hatfield Park and
Ware Park).

Dianthus Armeria (Mangrove Lane ;
Gallows Plain; gravel pits near Hat-
fieid).

Dipsacus pilosus (about Bayford, Essen-
don and Little Berkhampstead).

Prosera rotundifolia (Hatfield woodside).

Eleocharis multicaulis (bog by Kentish
Lane, Hatfield).

Epilobium roseum (Bayford, near the
church, in a ditch by the road to Hert-
ford).

Epipactis latifolia (woods, south) ; palus-
tris (wet pasture by the brook, East-end
Green, Hertingfordbury).

Erigeron acris (gravel pit, Welwyn road

and about Baytord, &c.).
Festuca sciuroides (between Hertford

and Ware).
Filago gallica (field right of the road

from Hertford to Welwyn, and footpath

between Bayford House and Bayford

wood).
Fumaria capreolata (field near Easney

Park wood ; footpath to Ware).
Galium tricorne (fields near).
Gastridium lendigerum (gravelly field

near N.E. boundary of Hatfield Park).
Genista tinctoria (about Bayford and

Little Berkhampstead).
Geranium columbinum (about Hert-
ford).
Helianthemum vulgare (pits, Essendon-

bury and near Hatfield Park, Gallows

Plain).
Helleborus viridis (Watery Hall Farm,

near Hertingfordbury, in woods on the

chalk).
Herminium Monorchis (chalk-pit E. side

of Hatfield Park).
Hieracium boreale (?) (frequent, near

Hertford, Thieves' Lane, Hertingford-
bury).
Hottonia palustris (between Hertford and

Ware).

Hyoscyamus niger (Mead Lane, Hert-
ford ; Ware Park ; Hatfield Park).
Hypericum Androsa?mum (lanes about

Essendon, Little Berkhampstead and

Bayford).
Inula Helenium (Mangrove Lane, by a

pond near Blue Close).
Juncus diffusus (near Cole Green).
Koeleria cristata (between Hertford and

Ware).
Mentha rotundifolia (between Hertford

and Essendon, opposite Watery Hall

Farm).

*Nepeta Cataria (by pit near Hertford).
Nymphaea alba (in the Lea at Bayford-

bury Farm).

*(Enanthe fluviatilis (in the Lea).
Onopordum Acanthium (Ware road, In

a field between Gallows Plain and Ball's

Park).
Ophrys apifera (field towards Bayford,

one mile from Hertford).

174

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

Orchis Morio (pastures) ; pyramidal! s

(chalk pits).
Ornithogalum umbellatum (meadows by

the Lea towards Ware).
Orobanche elatior (steep banks between

the Ware road and Gallows Plain).
Papaver Argemone (fields N.W. of Hert-
ford, also on Gallows Plain and about

Essendon).
*Parnassia palustris (Lea valley, several

places ; Stanborough'; near Hatfield ; and

between Cole Green and Hertingford-

bury).
Phleum Boehmeri (near Hertford Union

Workhouse, on a steep gravelly bank,

road to Stanstead).
Petroselinum segetum (between Hertford

and Hertingfordbury).
*Plantago media (chalk pits).
Potamogeton lucens ; crispus ; pusillus ;

pectinatus ; densus (in the Lea).
*Poterium Sanguisorba (chalk pits).
Pyrus Aria (Hatfield Park) ; torminalis

(Bayford).
Ranunculus parviflorus (Essendon, near

the church and elsewhere about).

Ruscus aculeatus (Mil wards Park Wood,
Hatfield ; woods, Essendon).

Salix pentandra (riverside near Whit-
well).

Saponaria officinalis (hedge near Rox-
ford Farm, Hertingfordbury).

Saxifraga granulata (Mead Lane, Hert
ford, and meadows between Hertford
and Ware; road to Stanstead).

Scabiosa arvensis ; Columbaria (about
Hertford).

Scandix Pecten-Veneris (fields).

Scrophularia vernalis (in Hatfield Park ;
also hedge near the gasworks, Hatfield) ?

Sedum reflexum (Hertford Castle) ; Tele-
phium (near Hertford, Bayford, Essen-
don, &c.).

Silybum Marianum (Ware road, field
between Gallows Plain and Ball's Park).

Sisymbrium Irio (near the gasworks,
Hertford).

Verbascum nigrum (about Hertford).
*Viburnum Lantana (about the pits, &c.).

Vinca minor (Hertingfordbury Park and
in Mole Wood).

Viola hirta (about the pits, &c.).

71. UPPER COLNE DISTRICT.

About Rickmansworth, Watford and St. Albans. Low chalk hills, capped
with gravel drift, impart to this section of the Colne districts an undu-
lating character. The river swollen by the Chess rivulet, and another
affluent from the Berkhampstead vale, which joins it at Rickmansworth,
is so far a considerable stream ; beyond Watford it is comparatively in-
significant. Meadows, often wet and moory, border it on either hand, and
produce one or two plants of rare occurrence. The hillsides, in places where
denuded of subsoil, are productive of chalk plants, which increase in fre-
quency further northwards in the direction of St. Albans ; but there are
no elevated downs similar to those of Surrey and Kent, nearer than Tring,
and the borders of Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire. Only the more
ordinary plants of this formation are, therefore, to be met with in the
locality.

In addition to many of the plants enumerated in section 32, the
following occur : —

Dipsacus pilosus (lane near Moor Hall).
Epilobium roseum (footpath to Scott's

Bridge).

Epipactis latifolia.
Genista tinctoria (common moor).
Helleborus viridis (lane S.W.).
Hieracium murorum (woods).
Hordeum sylvaticum (Hill Wood).
Lithosperinum officinale (Long Valley

Wood).

(Enanthe crocata.
Ophioglossum vulgatum (meadows).

RICKMANSWORTH.

Alchemilla vulgaris (common moor).

Arabis perfoliata (Long Valley Wood).

Asplenium Trichomanes (old wall be-
tween Moor Park and the Colne).

Atropa Belladonna (woods).

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium (mea-
dows below Coney Farm).

Cynoglossum officinale (pasture behind
the Swan Inn).

Dentaria bulbifera (Loudwater Wood,
and wood near High Wood).

LOCALITIES.

175

Ophrys apifera (woods).

Parnassia palustris (moors).

Polygonum Bistorta.

Saxifraga granulata (common moor and

in Moor Park).
Stachys arvensis (fields between Long

Valley Wood and the Watford road).

WATFORD, &c.

Alchemilla vulgaris (towards Bushey).
Allium vineale (meadows, Bourne End).
Anemone ranunculoides (Abbot's

Langley).

Artemisia Absinthium (St. Albans road).
Calamagrostis Epigejos (copse over the

S. mouth of the railway tunnel).
Cephalanthera grandiflora (wood S. of

Bourne End).

Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus.
Chrysosplenium oppositi folium (opposite

the Spring Bourne End).
Dianthus Armeria (railway banks north

of the tunnel).
Epipactis palustris (roadside near Hemel

Hempstead).
Galanthus nivalis (meadows, Bourne

End Mill).
Geranium lucidum (lanes between the

river and the Rickmansworth road).
Helleborus viridis (woods near the goods

station).

Hippuris vulgaris (in the river).
Hordeum sylvaticum (Long Spring).
Hottonia palustris.
Hyoscyamus niger (Box Moor).
Medicago falcata (between Watford and

Bushey Hill ? olim).
Menyanthes trifoliata (Box Moor).
Ophioglossum vulgatum (meadows).
Orchis latifolia (Box Moor).
Paris quadrifolia (Bourne End).
Parnassia palustris (meadows, Watford,

near the railway arch, and beyond

Bourne End).
Potamogeton perfoliatus.
Salix pentandra (roadside near King's

Langley).

Saxifraga granulata (meadows beyond
Bourne End).

Serratula tinctoria (Berry Wood).

Spiranthes autumnalis (Box Moor).

Stellaria aquatica (meadows).

Trifolium subterraneum (Box Moor).

Viburnum Lantana.

; Vinca minor (lanes about King's Lang-
ley).

ST. ALBANS.

Arabis perfoliata (Hatfield road).

Carex paniculata (Pondyards and Little
Mill).

Carlina vulgaris.

Cheiranthus Cheiri (Abbey walls Polim).

Diplotaxis tenuifolia (Abbey walls).

Erica cinerea (Prse Wood).

Gastridium lendigerum (waste field mid-
way towards Hatfield).

Genista tinctoria (field below Verulam
Buildings, Redbourne road).

Geranium pratense (meadows near Holy-
well Bridge); columbinum (St. Ste-
phen's Hill).

Gnaphalium sylvaticum (woods).

Helianthemum vulgare (ruins of Veru-
lam).

Hieracium murorum (Abbey walls);
boreale (S.W. corner of Verulam).

Hypericum Androsasmurn (Prae Wood).

Inula Helenium (between St. Albans
and Hatfield).

Iris foetidissima (roadside hedges, to-
wards Dunstable).

Linaria repens (walls, Dagnall Lane).

Lithospermum officinale ; arvensis (corn-
fields, especially near Oster Hills).

Orchis Morio (pastures).

Pyrus communis ; torminalis.

Ranunculus parviflorus (cornfields).

Scabiosa Columbaria (Sandridge road).

Sedum Telephium (hedges).

Verbascum nigrum (about the ruins of
Verulam, &c.).

72. TRING AND ALDBTJRY.

Rounded chalk hills, with or without beechwoods on their slopes and
summits, characterise this locality, and in so far it resembles many sections
of the Kentish and Surrey Downs. The flora is similar in character, with
the addition, however, of two or three specialities. A somewhat enclosed
valley, along which runs in a north-westerly direction the canal and the
river, or rather rivulet, as well as the high road and the railway from
Watford, past Berkhampstead, opens out at Tring station into a plain.
The range, on the left tending south-westwards, on the right bends beyond
Aldbury Newers Hill abruptly to the north and eventually north-east.

176

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

The village of Aldbury is in a hollow of the range right, so that Aldbury
Nowers Hill stands out as a sort of promontory or headland, six or seven
hundred feet above the plain. The town of Tring, two miles from the
station in the opposite direction, lies at the foot of thickly-wooded slopes ;
near it, in the plain, are some large reservoirs, of which the borders are
in part marshy. The flora is varied and the locality still good, but, owing
to the rapacity of collectors, no longer so prolific as formerly. Subsoil,
chalk, or gravelly.

Aceras anthropophora (chalk slopes be-
yond Tring).
*Adoxa moschatellina (woods).

Alchemilla vulgar s (heath south of
Tnng, clim ; also in the woods N.W.
of the monument, Aldbury. — N.B.
Heath enclosed and ploughed up).
*Anemone Pulsatilla (downs, Aldbury
Nowers).

Anthyllis Vulneraria.
*Aquilegia vulgaris (woods west).
*Asperula odorata ; *cynanchica.

Atropa Belladonna (woods).
*Brachypodium pinnatum (downs).
*Bromus erectus ; *racemosus.
*Bumum flexuosum (woods).
*Calamintha Clinopodium ; *Acinos.
*Campanula glorm rata : *Trachelium.
*Carduus nutans ; *acaulis.
*Carex sylvatica.
*Carlina vulgaris.
*Cephalanthera grandiflora.
f Chlora perfoliata.
*Circa3a lutetiana.
*Clematis Vitalba.

Convallaria multiflora (bottom of Hang-
ing wood, Tring, a little to right of
path down the hill).
*Daphne Laureola.

*Epilobium angustifolium (Aldbury
Nowers wood).

Epipactis latifolia.

Erythraea Centaurium.
*Euphorbia amygdaloides.
*Galeopsis Ladanum (cornfields); Tetrahit.

Gentiana Amarella.

Gnaphalium sylvaticum.

Gymnadenia conopsea.

Habenaria viridis (downs) ; bifolia.
*Helianthe- > vulgare.

Helleborut .idis (between Tring and
the reservou's).

Hieraciutn umbellatum ; vulgatum ;
boreale.

Hippocrepis comosa.

Hippuris vulgaris (reservoir).
*Hordeum sylvaticum.
*Hypericum hirsutum; *perforatum.
*Inula Conyza.

*Juniperus communis (Aldbury downs).
*Ilex aquifolium (woods).

Kceleria cristata (Tring).

*Lactuca muralis (in the woods).
*Lamium Galeobdolon.
*Linum catharticum.
Lithospermum officinale (hedge at Wil-
stone near Tring).
Melampyrum cristatum (wood near

North Church common, Tring).
*Mercurialis perennis (in abundance in

the woods).
*Milium effusum.
*Monotropa Hypopitys.
Myriophyllum verticillatum (reservoir).
*Neottia Nidus-avis.
Ophrys apifera; muscifera (Tring and

Aldbuvy Nowers).
*0rchis pyramidalis ; militaris ; ustulata

(Tring and Aldbury Nowers).
*0riganum vulgare.
Paris quadrifolia (woo-ls, Aldbury).
Parnassia palustris (by the reservoir).
Pimpinella magna (hedge near Aldbury).
*Plantago media.
*Poterium Sanguisorba.
*Primula vulgaris ; *veris.
*Prunus Cerasus (woods).
Pyrola minor (Tring woods and Aid-
bury Nowers wood, and copse by Shiere
Lane ; media (?) (beech woods about).
Pyrus Aria (woods about).
*Rubuscarpinifolius ; *fusco-ater; *Kceh-
leri ; *macrophyllus ; rudis ; tomentosa;
plicatus (corner of heath (?) olim);
*lda3us (Aldbury Nowers wood); ni-
tidus; leucostachys.
*Sanicula europaea.
*Scabiosa Columbaria.
*Sedum Telephium.

*Senecio campestris (downs right of the
station).

Spirasa Filipendula.
*Thymus Serpyllum.
* Viburnum Lantana.
Vicia sylvatica.
Vinca minor (Wix's wood).
*Viola hirta.

CRYPTOGAMS.
Athyrium Filix-foemina.
Hypnum molluscum, &c.
Lonaaria Spicant (?) (on the heath, olim).
Nepbrodium Filix - mas ; Oreopteris
(Shiere Lane).

LOCALITIES. 177

ADDENDA.

Berkhampstead Common, Verbascum virgatum (?); *Digitalis pur-
purea ; woods near, Anemone apennina ; south end of common, Littorella
lacustris. This common is an undulating, turfy, furze-grown slope, with
a gravelly subsoil, and although of some extent is unproductive from a
botanical point of view. The bordering woods are prolific in ordinary
woodland plants : near, Alchemilla vulgaris ; meadows by the canal, E. of
Berkhampstead, Geum rivale (?) ; woods about, Habenaria chlorantha ;
Hypericum Androsaemum ; Lathraea Squamaria.

73. GERARD'S CROSS AND STOKE COMMONS.

These commons are about six miles west of that section of the Colne
which runs between Rickmansworth and Uxbridge. They are open heaths,
differing in character from those of Surrey, inasmuch as the subsoil is
gravel and not sand. The flora consists of the more ordinary heath plants,
with little out of the common. The country west of the Colne at this
distance is of a hilly aspect, covered to a considerable extent with planta-
tions and woodlands nearly all enclosed. Subsoil, gravel ; underlying
stratum, chalk. The Furze upon the heaths is mostly of the smaller
species ; and Heath proper is scarce, Ling predominating. Stoke Common
is a broad level expanse, with patches only of moory ground.

:Aira flexuosa. Linaria repens (hedge near the Sefton

*Calluna vulgaris.

*Carex cajspitosa ; *binervis (abundant).

*Erica cinerea; *Tetralix.

*Juncus squarrosus.

Arms, Stoke).
*Molinia cserulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*Pteris aquilina.
*Ulex Gallii (mainly) ; europasus.

Gerard's Cross Common, one mile in its longest diameter from N.W.
to S.E. Of greater extent formerly, now much curtailed, and in part
enclosed. It slopes to the south-westward into a marshy hollow,
bordered by a dark wood.

*Aira flexuosa.

*Calluna vulgaris.

*Carex caespitosa; *binervis (abundant);

*panicea; flava.
*Erica cinerea ; *Tetralix.
*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Juncus squarrosus.
*Molinia caerulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*Pteris aquilina.
*Scutellaria minor.
*Ulex Gallii (mainly) ;

Iver Heath is no longer in existence, except nominally. It has long
since been enclosed.

74. BURNHAM BEECHES AND FARNHAM COMMON,
WITH ADJOINING WOODS.

This locality, in the neighbourhood of those described in the preceding
section, is nearer Stoke than Gerard's Cross, and about four miles north
of Slough ; together they cover a considerable expanse of ground sloping

N

178

A NEW LONDON FLORA.

to the westward, and separated from each other by a boggy hollow drain-
ing into some ponds below. The common, a mile in length, formerly
much more extensive, stretches along the southern border of the wood.
The Beeches are of large size ; and the place is a favourite and well-
known resort of holiday makers. Subsoil, gravel ; understratum, chalk ;
much boggy and marly accumulations in the bottoms. Besides Beech ;
Oak, Birch, Maple, Holly, Sallow, Viburnum Opulus, and Hazel, are
frequent, with an undergrowth generally of Bracken ; Ling on the common
very dense.

*Aira oespitosa ; flexuosa (common).
*Anagallis tenella (bog).

* Angelica sylvestris.
*Betonica officinalis.

Campanula Trachelium.
*Carex binervis (abundant on the com-
mon) ; *stellulata ; *uvalis ; *ca>s-
pitosa ; *flava ; *panicea ; *vulgaris.
Carlina vulgaris.
*Digiiaiis purpurea.
*Drosera ronmdifolia ; intermedia.

* Krica Tetralix ; cinerea.
*Eriophorum angustifolium.
*Euonymus europgeus.

* Euphorbia amygdaloides.
*<jrenista anglica.

*Hieracium umbellatum; *vulgatum.

*Hydrocotyle vulgaris.

*Hypericum hirsutum ; *humifusum ;

*perforatum ; *Elodes ; *pulcbrum.
*Juncus squarrosus; obtusifulius, &c.
*Luzula sylvatica.

* Lysimachia nemoralis ; *Numnmlaria.
M*«laxis paludosa

*Melampyrum pratense.
*Menyanthes trifoliata.
*Molinia cserulea.
*Nardus stricta.
*0rchis maculata.
*0xalis Acetosella.
*Potatnogefon polygonifolius.

* Primula vulgaris.

*Rhynchospora albi.

Rosa rubiginosa; *micrantha.
*Kubus glandulosus.
*Scabiosa succisa.
*Scirpus multiraulis.
*Sfutellaria minor.
*Senecio sylvaticus.
*Serra;ula tinct'jria.
*Soli<lago Virgaurea.
*Teucrium Scorodonia.
*Ulex Gallii ; europaeus.

Utricularia intermedia (ponds).

CRYPTOGAMS.

*Aspidium aculeatum and others (?)
Aspli nium Adiantum-nigrum ; Tricho-

man< s.

Atliyrium Filix-fcemina.
*Aulocomnion palustre.
Equisemm sylva^icum.
* Fon tii ialis antipyretica (in the rills).
*Hypnum cu-pidatum ; *^piendens and
oiher woodland varieties in plenty.
Leptodon Sniithii, &c.
*Leucobryum glaucum.
*Lomaria Spicant.
*Nepurod'um Hilix-mas, with
Osmunda regalis (?), formerly plentiful.
" The king fern has not been found
here for y ars; too many people have
been after it." (Local information.)
*Sphagnum cymbifolium ; *acutifolium.

75. THAMES DISTRICT, ABOVE AND ABOUT WINDSOR.

Acorus Calamus (Staines Common).
Actinocarpus Damasonium (Winkfield

Plain and Bracknell near Wi' dsor).
Bromus erectus (Bisham Wood and

Winter Hill).
Calamagrostis Epigejos (about Virginia

Water).

Carex Isevigata (Windsor Great Park).
Convallaria niajalis (Clifden \\ ood).
Cuscuta europ^a (about Reading and

Maidenhead); Trifolii (Winter Hill).
Daphne Mezereum (Bisbam AVood).
Elatine hexandra (Dam Head Cascade,

Virginia Water).

Epipactis latifolia (Bisham Wood).
Fritillaria M«4eagns (meadows about

Maidenhead and Reading).
Hypericum montanum (Bisham Wood).
Iris feet dir-sirna (Bisham Wood).
Leucojum aestivum (about Windsor),
l.imnanthemum nymph*oides (in the

Thames at CookhaYii).
Littorella lacustris (Windsor Park).
Myosurus minimus (. ornnelds about

Sluuirh. and at Cookharn).
Neottia Nidus-avis (Bisham and Clifden

woods).
Nyrnph^a alba (Staines ; Windsor).

LOCALITIES.

179

(Bnanthe silaifolia (meadows, Kton) ;

Phellandriuin (ponds, foot of Winter

Hill).
Ophrys apifera (Cookham and Bisham

woods),
Orchis militaris (downs near Reading,

both sides of the river, also in Bi.-ham

Wood).
Ornithogalum umbellatum (meadows

foot of Winter Hill).
Polemonium caruleurn (Windsor, near

Reading).

Ranunculus trichophyllus (porids, foot of
Winter Hill); Lingua (Cookham, by
the Strand).

Rhynchospora alba (Windsor Park).

Bagina nodosa (Cookham).

Sanguisorba officinalis (Sonning mea-
dows)

Sium latifolium (Sonning, and foot of
Winter Hill).

Utricularia vulgaris (ponds, foot of Cook-
ham dov\ns).

THE END.

LONDON : VRISTED BY WILLIAM CI-OWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET
AND CHARING CROSS.

DEC

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