N ^ 3 ' 1 *74e Hew Htexice Soteutiet Number 29 January 5, 2004 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — Santa Rosa Wetlands... . 1 Botrychium . 6 What’s in a Name? .... 6 Botanical Literature .. 7 Plant distribution reports . 7 Rare Plant Symposium . 8 VASCULAR PLANTS OF SOME SANTA ROSA WETLANDS, EAST-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO Robert Sivinski NM Forestry Division. P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 David Bleakly Bleakly Botanical & Biological. 3813 Monroe NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110 The Santa Rosa area in Guadalupe County, New Mexico is well known among scuba di¬ vers for its Karst topography of numerous deep, spring-fed sinkholes. The fact that the Town of Santa Rosa sits within much of the last, best, natural wetland habitat in New Mexico is less well known. Relatively large expanses of municipal and private property in Santa Rosa consist of permanent and seasonal wet meadows or 'Cienegas' and the sinkhole lakes are ringed with excellent examples of fresh water and alkaline marshlands. After visiting the municipally owned wetlands and viewing adjacent private lands, it be¬ came obvious to us that tire Santa Rosa wetlands are in danger of eventually disappearing. Many acres of cienega habitat have been ditched, plowed and planted with non-native grasses for livestock pasture. Springs, sinkhole lakes. El Rito Creek, and adjacent cienegas are being developed by the town and other private interests for scuba diving, swimming, fishing, field sports and other recreational activities. Much of the private cienega habitats hare been severely | grazed by livestock for many years. Despite these impacts, a great amount of wetland plant di¬ versity and several acres of natural cienega remain in this area. The following checklist of plants will, hopefully, provide an historical benchmark of native and exotic species for bota¬ nists who may assess this area again in the future. | Physical Setting § Santa Rosa region lies within the Rio Pecos valley of east-central New Mexico at an eleva¬ tion of about 1,400 meters. Santa Rosa and Blue Hole Spring, occur near the northeast edge of :: a six-mile-wide sink caused by the dissolution of the underlying San Andres limestone and gypsum and tire collapse of the overlying Santa Rosa Sandstone (Kelley 1972). The strata dip to tire east and water passing through tire soluble layers conres to the surface in tire sink creat¬ ing numerous seeps and springs. Large springs, like Blue Hole Spring, are uncommon. The groundwater of this regional sink usually conres up in broad-area seeps that cause most of tire soils to be saturated to tire surface or root-zone. The Rio Pecos has cut through tire sink proba¬ bly at its deepest point (i.e., tire deepest level of tire dipping San Andres limestone), near its eastern edge. Within the Santa Rosa sink itself are smaller subsidence features, including six sink holes that fill with water and become small lakes. Plant Communities Santa Rosa occurs within tire western short-grass praine subdivision of tire Great Plains floristic region, but is also influenced by elements from tire Clrihuahuan Desert flora. The local area is a topographical complex of sandstone and shale outcrops exposed by regional subsi¬ dence and erosion of the Rio Pecos. It is more scrubland than praine and is dominated woody species such as Juniperus monosperma, Rhus trilobata and Prosopis glandulosa. Tire wetlands are in tire bottom of tire regional depression and are represented by the following types: (Continued on page 2, Wetlands) J^otmiice cst ^Jcieruifl ^oturdlis qune ^^egetnbtCium cognitiorem midit. — +£> innneus \\l#/ i L Page 2 ( Wetlands , continued from page 1) > Emergent wetland of mostly Schoenoplectus sp. and Ty- pha latifolia around sinkhole lakes and along El Rito Creek. > Riparian margins along El Rito Creek and Blue Hole Spnng run. wluch are slightly elevated and dominated by Baccharis salicina, Apocynum cannabinum and other woody species. > Wet cienega with fme-sand. soils that are alkaline and saturated to at or near the surface during most months of the year. These wet meadows are dominated by Distichlis spicata, Juncus arcticus var. balticus. > Subirrigated cienega of alkaline, fme-sand soils that are wet on the surface during winter and spring and are rela¬ tively dry at the surface by nud-sunimer. These areas are dommatedby Sporobolus airoides, Isocoma pluriflora, and occasional halophytes such as Suaeda calceoliformis. > Tail-grass prairie of Sorghastrum nutans occurs on deep, sandy, alkalme soils that are usually moist at the soil sur¬ face and also subirrigated by groundwater. The latter two categories my not be called wetlands by some plant ecologists, but are distinctly associated with spring seeps of the Santa Rosa cienegas. Floristic elements of tail- grass prairie such as Spiranthes magnicamporum, Fimbristylis puberula var. interior and many acres of Sorghastrum nutans are distributional disjuncts that would not be here without these spring seeps. Most of the wetland plant species at Santa Rosa are common to western North American wetlands. A few species such as Flaveria chlorifolia, Helianthus para¬ doxus and Limonium limbatum have their floristic affinities closer to home in New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas wet¬ lands. Rare Plants The large population of Helianthus paradoxus is espe¬ cially noteworthy in tire Santa Rosa wetlands. This sunflower is listed as a 'Threatened' species under the federal Endan¬ gered Species Act and is also listed as 'Endangered' by the New Mexico Endangered Plant Species Act. hi our study area, it is well established around the municipal fishing ponds between Blue Hole Spring and El Rito Creek, and a very large population of occurs in the cienega between Blue Hole Spring mid Highway 91. A small patch of H. paradoxus is persists at Perch Lake mid a few plants can be found in the Distichlis- Juncus cienega at Power's Dam Park during wet years. Cirsium wrightii is another rare, southwestern wetland plant that occurs in the Smita Rosa wetlands. This rare thistle is scattered throughout the study area on marshy, permanently wet soils. It is considered a 'Species of Concern' by the fed¬ eral government and the State of New Mexico because its wet¬ land habitats mid historical range have diminished since its discovery in 1851 Two relatively rare orchids. Spiranthes magnicamporum mid Epipactis gigantea, were found at single locations near the Blue Hole Road bridge over El Rito Creek. Both popula¬ tions were destroyed in 2003 by road renovation mid construc¬ tion of a sidewalk. Neither orchid could be located elsewhere in the stud}' area. Spiranthes magnicamporum is listed as a State of New Mexico Endangered Species because it is threat¬ ened with extirpation from the state. Some other wetland spe¬ cies may have already disappeared from the Santa Rosa wet¬ lands. Spartina gracilis Trinius was found here in 1945 (Allred 1993), but could not relocated by us during our partial survey of these wetlands. Non-Native Species Twenty non-native plant species were found in the Santa Rosa wetlands during this survey of the vegetation. Surpris¬ ingly, there are few serious infestations of exotic wetland spe¬ cies in this area. The non -native trees Elaeagnus angustifolia and Tamarix chinensis have gained strong footholds on the tail-grass cienegas mid wetland margins, especially along El Rito Creek. The increasing Russian olive population is pres¬ ently the most serious weed problem in the Santa Rosa wet¬ lands. The List The following is an annotated checklist for the Santa Rosa wetland flora. Nomenclature conforms to Allred (2002) and all specimens cited have been deposited at the University of New Mexico Herbarium in Albuquerque. Our studies were confined to four general areas: BH = Blue Hole Spring. This area includes Blue Hole Spring and its runoff channel; drainage channels along Blue Hole Road; the old fish hatchery that is presently used for rec¬ reational fishing, mid the large cienega between the spring mid Highway 9 1 . ER = El Rito Creek. Aquatic habitats and elevated riparian margins of the creek from the near the old fish hatchery to Highway 9 1 . (El Rito Creek translates to English as The Creek Creek - mi unfortunate redundancy in tins estab¬ lished geographical name.) PD = Power's Dam, which is a recreational fishing and pic¬ nicking site at an impoundment of El Rito Creek south of Highway 9 1 . PL = Perch Lake. A large sinkhole lake south of Highway 91 that is partially developed for scuba diving mid picnick¬ ing. Our impression of a species" general abundance in mi area is expressed in the following numerical sequence: 1 = Rare. Very few individual plants or in small, infrequent patches. 2 = Occasional. Not continuous in distribution, but often en¬ countered in suitable habitats. 3 = Common. Frequently encountered and nearly continuous in suitable habitats. Non-native species are marked with mi asterisk (*). (< Continued on page 3. Wetlands ) Page 3 w II ( Wetlands , continued from page 2) Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae - Horsetail Family Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH; BH- 1, ER-1; Bleakly 4080. Pteridaceae - Maiden-hair Fern Family Adiantum capillus-vernis L.; SOUTHERN MAIDEN-HAIR; BH- 1, ER-1; Sivinski 5778 , Bleakly 4861 ; on hand-laid lime¬ stone blocks under small bridge at Blue Flole outlet and on travertine at confluence of Blue Hole Spring mn and El Rito Creek. ANGIOSPERMS - Dicotyledonous Plants Apiaceae - Parsley Family Berula erecta (Hudson) Cov.; water-parsnip; BH-1; Sivin¬ ski 5398, Bleakly 4209, 4551. Apocynaceae - Dogbane Family Apocynum cannabinum L.; INDIAN HEMP; BH-3, ER-3, PD- 3; PL-2; Sivinski 3715, Bleakly 4547. Asclepiadaceae - Milkweed Family Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. incarnata ; SWAMP MILKWEED; BH-1; Sivinski 3237 ; a single location in large cienega be¬ low Blue Hole parking lot. Asclepias speciosa Torr.; SHOWY MILKWEED; BH-2, ER-1, PD-2, PL-2; Sivinski 3710, Bleakly 4854. Asteraceae - Aster Family Ambrosia psilostachya DC.; PERENNIAL RAGWEED; BH-1, PD-1; Sivinski 4649. Baccharis salicina Torr. & Gray; Great Plains seep- WILLOW; BH-3. ER-3. PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 2069, Bleakly 4194. Cirsium wrightii A. Gray; Wright's marsh-thistle; BH-2, PD-1, PL-1; Sivinski 2853, Bleakly 4199', on NM and fed¬ eral 'Species of Concern’ list. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.; CANADIAN HORSEWEED; BH-1 PD-1; Sivinski 5793. Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gray subsp. glauca (Nutt.) Babcock & Stebbins; fiddle-leaf hawk’s beard; BH-2, PD-1; Sivinski 2697. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt.; WESTERN GOLDENTOP; BH-2; Sivinski 2071. Flaveria campestris J.R. Johnst.; ALKALI YELLOWTOPS; PD- 1; Sivinski 4651. Flaveria chlorifolia A. Gray; clasping yellowtops; BH-3, ER-1, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 4078, Bleakly 4198, 4421. Helenium autumnale L. var. montanum (Nutt.) Fern.; FALL sneezeweed; BH-3, ER-2, PD-2, PL-2; Sivinski 2070, Bleakly 4422. Helianthus annuus L.; COMMON SUNFLOWER; BH-2, ER-1, PD-1; Sivinski 3711, Bleakly 4204; occasional on wet soils. Rarely produces hybrid individuals with H. para¬ doxus. Helianthus paradoxus Heiser; Pecos sunflower; BH-3, PD-1, PL-1; Sivinski 2066 ; onNM ‘Endangered' list and federal ‘Threatened’ list. Isocoma pluriflora (Torr. & Gray) Greene; SOUTHERN JIM- MYWEED; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 4080. Machaer anther a pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners; lacy spine- aster; BH-2, ER-1, PD-2, PL-1; Sivinski 3943. Pseudoclappia arenaria Rydb.; clapdaisy; BH-1, PD-2; Sivinski 3709. Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus (D. Don) DC.; false dandy- LION; BH-1; Sivinski 3428, Bleakly 4077, 4552. Solidago canadensis L.; CANADA GOLDENROD; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 2068, Bleakly 4194. *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill; SPINY-LEAF SOW-THISTLE; BH-2, ER-2, PD-2; PL-1; Sivinski 3708. Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom; HEATH ASTER; BH- 3, ER-1, PD-1, PL-1; Sivinski 4650, Bleakly 4420. Brassicaceae - Mustard Family * Nasturtium officinale R.Br.; watercress; BH-1; Sivinski 5396, Bleakly 4553. Chenopodiaceae - Goosefoot Family Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze; iodinebush; BH-1, PDA ' Sivinski 3714. *Chenopodium glaucum L.; oak-leaf goosefoot; PD-1; Sivinski 5796. *Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.; KOCHIA; BH-3, ER-2. PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 4083. Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moquin; low seepweed; BH-1. PD-1; Sivinski 2612. Convolvulaceae - Morning Glory Family * Convolvulus arvensis L.; FIELD BINDWEED; BH-3, PD-2, PL-1; Sivinski 3725. Elaeagnaceae - Oleaster Family *Elaeagnus angustifolia L.; Russian olive; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL-1; Sivinski 3712. Euphorbiaceae - Spurge Family Euphorbia davidii Subils; David’s SPURGE; BH-1; Bleakly 4196. (' Continued on page 4, Wetlands) Jgotany is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — */>naeus ( Wetlands , continued from page 3) Fabaceae - Pea Family Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. Ex B.L. Robins. & Fern.; prairie bundleflower; ER-1 : Bleakly 4197. Glycyrrhiza lepidoia (Nutt.) Pursh; AMERICAN LICORICE; BH- 1, ER-2, PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 3712. *Meli lotus officinalis (L.) Lam.; YELLOW sweet-clover; BH-2, ER-2, PD-2, PL-1; Sivinski 3733. Gentianaceae - Gentian Family Eustoma exaltatum (L.) Salisbury ex G. Don; PRAIRIE GEN¬ TIAN, BH-2, PD-2; Sivinski 3945 , Bleakly 4191, 4858. Grossulariaceae- Gooseberry Family Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC.; BUFFALO CURRANT; BH-1, ER-1; Bleakly 3905. Moraceae - Mulberry Family *Morus alba L.; WHITE MULBERRY; BH-1, ER-1; Sivinski 5791 Onagraceae - Evening Primrose Family Gaura mollis James; velvet-weed; BH-2, ER-1, PD-2; Sivin¬ ski 3707. Ludwigia repens Forst.; WATER PRIMROSE; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 4088, Bleakly 4546: this aquatic plant is very abundant in El Rito Creek and the Blue Hole Spring run. Plumbaginaceae - Plumbago Family Limonium limbatum Small; southwestern SEA lavender; BH-2, PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 3947. Polygonaceae - Buckwheat Family * Polygonum lapathifolium L.; DOCK-LEAF SM. ART WE ED; BH- 1 ; Sivinski 5 794. Rumex altissimus Wood; PALE DOCK; BH-2, ER-1, PD-1; Sivinski 3731, Bleakly 4076. Rosaceae - Rose Family Potentilla anserina L.; silverweed; BH-2; Sivinski 3727. Salicaceae - Willow Family Populus deltoides Bartram ex H. Marshall subsp. monilifera (Aiton) Echenvv. ; eastern cottonwood; BH-2. ER-2, PD- 1. PL-1; Sivinski 3729. *Salix babylonica L.; WEEPING WILLOW; BH-1; Sivinski 3734 ; a single old tree at pond edge. Salix exigua Nutt.; COYOTE WILLOW; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL- 3; Sivinski 3735. Solanaceae - Nightshade Family Solanum elaeagnifiolium Cav.; SILVERLEAF NIGHTSHADE; BH- 2; ER-2. PD-1; Sivinski 3724. Tamaricaceae - Tamarisk Family *Tamarix chinensis L.; SALTCEDAR; BH-2. PD-3. PL-2; Sivin¬ ski 3713. Ulmaceae - Elm Family *Ulmus pumila L.; SIBERIAN ELM, BH-2, ER-1, PD-1; Sivinski 3942. Vitaceae - Grape Family Parthenocissus vitacea (Rnerr) A.S. Hitchc.; THICKET CREEPER; BH-1, ER-1; Sivinski 5792. ANGIOSPERMS - Monocotyledonous Plants Cyperaceae - Sedge Family Cladium californicum (S. Wats.) O'Neill; CALIFORNIA SAW- grass; BH-1; Sivinski5777: three large plants along the Blue Hole Spring run near its confluence with El Rito Creek. Probably the northern range extreme of this species in Newr Mexico. Cyperus odorata L.; rusty flatsedge; PD-1; Bleakly 4860 : uncommon at edge of Power Dam Lake Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torn; BEAKED SPIKE-RUSH; BH- 2, PD-3, PL-2; Sivinski 3250, Bleakly 4208, 4451. Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. interior (Britt.) Krai; hairy FIMBRY; BH-1, PD-2; Sivinski 2608, Bleakly 4200, 4548. Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) A.& D. Love; HARDSTEM BULLRUSH; BH-1; ER-1; PD-3; PL-2; Sivinski 3952, Bleakly 4071, 4555, 4859. Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volk ex Schinz & R. Kel¬ ler; CHAIRMAKER’S BULLRUSH; BH-3, ER-1, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 3249, 3953. Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. longispicatus (Britt.) S.G. Smith; three-square bullrush; BH-1; PD-1; PL-1; Sivinski 3716, Bleakly 4073, 4550. Iridaceae - Iris Family Sisyrinchium montanum Greene; MOUNTAIN BLUE-EYED- GRASS; BH-2; Sivinski 3726, Bleakly 4072. Juncaceae - Rush Family Juncus arcticus Willd. var. balticus (Willd.) Trautvetter; Bal¬ tic rush; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3. PL-3; Sivinski 2067, Bleakly 4074, 4075. Juncus torreyi Coville; Torrey'S RUSH; BH-1. ER-1, PD-1; Sivinski 5397, Bleakly 4192 4554. Juncaginaceae - Arrowgrass Family Triglochin maritimum L.; seaside ARROWGRASS; PL-1; Sivinski 5795. Seen only on the north edge of Perch Lake. Liliaceac - Lily Family *Asparagus officinalis L.; asparagus; BH-1 ER-1; Sivinski 3728; Bleakly 4192. Orchidaceae - Orchid Family Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook.; giant HELLEBORINE; BH-1; Bleakly 4079: tliis small population was destroyed by road construction in 2003. (Continued on page 5. Wetlands) Page 5 W »«! If ( Wetlands , continued from page 4) Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak; Great Plains ladies- tresses; BH-1; Sivinski 5690 ; on NM ‘Endangered’ list. Approximately 20 plants occurred along the edge of Blue Hole Road, but were paved over with a sidewalk in 2003. Poaceae - Grass Family *Agrostis gigantea Roth; REDTOP; BH-2, ER-1, PD-2, PL-1; Sivinski 3251. *Arundo donax L.; GIANT REED; ER-1, PD-2; Sivinski 4648. *Bromus catharticus Valil; RESCUE grass; BH-1, ER-1, PD-1; Sivinski 3719, Bleakly 3906. *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; Bermudagrass; BH-1; Sivinski 3736. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & Clark; WOLLY rosettegrass; BH-1; Sivinski 5782. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene; INLAND saltgrass: BH-3, ER- 2, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 3723, Bleakly 4856. Elymus canadensis L.; Canada wildrye; BH-2, ER-1, PD-2; PL-1; Sivinski 3718. Elymus trachycaulis (Link) Gould ex Simmers; SLENDER wheatgrass; PD-2; Sivinski 3954: probably introduced here as a pasture grass. *Festuca pratensis Huds.; MEADOW FESCUE; BH-2, ER-2, PD- 2, PL-1; Sivinski 3720, Bleakly 4078. Hordeum jubatum L.; foxtail barley; BH-1, PD-1, PL-1; Sivinski 3721. Hordeum pusillum Nutt.; LITTLE BARLEY; BH-1; Sivinski 3717. Muhlenbergia asperifolia ((Nees & Mey. ex Trin.) Parodi; SCRATCHGRASS; BH-2, PD-1; Sivinski 3946, Bleakly 4202, 4419. Panicum capillare L.; WITCHGRASS; BH-1; Bleakly 4203. Panicum obtusum H.B.K.; vine MESQUITE; BH-1; Sivinski 4604. Panicum virgatum L.; SWITCHGRASS; BH-2, ER-1, PD-1. PL-2; Sivinski 3941. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.; COMMON REED; BH-3, ER- 2, PD-3. PL-3; Sivinski 4086, Bleakly 4549. Poa arida Vasey; PLAINS bluegrass; BH-1, PD-1; Sivinski 3722. *Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.; RABBITFOOTGRASS; BIT- 2, ER-2, PD-2, PL-2; Sivinski 3948, Bleakly 4423, 4556. *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.; JoHNSONGRASS; BH-1; Sivin¬ ski 3732. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash; indiangrass; BH-3, ER-2, PD-3 , PL-3 ; Sivinski 21 09, Bleakly 485 7. Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr.; ALKALI sacaton; BH-3, ER-3, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 3944. Sporobolus compositus (Poiret) Merrill; TALL dropseed; PD- 1; Sivinski 5766. Ruppiaceae - Ditch-grass Family Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande; Spiral ditch-grass; BH- 3, ER-2, PD-2, PL-3; Sivinski 5797. Typhaceae - Cat-tail Family Tvpha domingensis ; SOUTHERN cattail; BH-1; Bleakly 4207, ' 4424. Typha latifo/ia L.; BROADLEAF cattail; BH-2, ER-2, PD-3, PL-3; Sivinski 4085. Acknowledgements Tire first author is grateful to the Houlihan family for granting hint access to their private property, which contains one of tire last great cienegas in New Mexico. Literature Cited Allred, K.W. 1993. Have you seen this grass? Native Plant So¬ ciety of New Mexico Newsletter 18(5): 1-3. Allred, K.W. 2002. A working index of New Mexico vascular plant names: Interim draft version. Privately published from Department of Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. Kelley, V.C. 1972. Geology of the Santa Rosa area, hr: V.C. Kel¬ ley and F.D. Trauger, eds. Guidebook of east-central New Mexico. Twenty-third field conference. New Mexico Geo¬ logical Society. OQ Miscellaneous • Online Keys at for Brassicaceae of the World and Salix of North America. • Botany 2004: Alpine Diversity: Adapted to the Peaks. July 31 to August 5, 2004. Snowbird Resort, Salt Lake City, Utah • Software for botanical information, photos, field data, etc.: see the Compleat Botanica at • Native Plant Conservation Workshops, April 2004, Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Throughout April 2004 the Carlsbad Caverns/ Guadalupe Mountains Association will sponsor free programs for the public focusing on native plant conservation. With trailside workshops taking place each weekend, visitors, and amateur and professional naturalists, artists, and writers will be converging at the park to participate in interactive workshops lead by professionals. Topics include wildflower photography with Gustav Verderber, nature journaling with San¬ dra Lynn, drawing wildflowers with Donald Davidson, winch cactus is this? with Dave Ferguson, Curator, native plant lore with Emily Buehler, and native plant identification with William Reid. For more information and to register, please contact Paula Bauer at 505-785-3131 or via e-mail at paula _bauer@nps.gov. LQ A Note On Botrychium in New Mexico Richard Spellenberg Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 Botrychium echo W. H. Wagner (Ophioglossaceae). NM, Catron Co., Gila Wilderness, ca. 10 air miles ESE of Mogollon, on Crest Trail 182, 2.5 nn SE of Sandy Point, in spruce, fir and aspen forest, elev. 10,000, 5 Sep 1976, Spellenberg , Reitzel, & Hill 4528 (NMC). The Ophioglossaceae collections of the Biolog}' Department Herbarium at New Mexico State University were recently returned by the University of Michigan, where they were used in the preparation of a treatment for the family by W. H. Wagner, Jr., and F. S. Wagner in Flora of North America 2:85-106 (FNA). The return of one of the specimens finally solves a long-nagging problem of correct identification in tins difficult group of fascinating plants (see K. W. Allred. 2002, A Working Index of NM Vascular Plants, p. 2, B. lunarra). I originally identified newly collected NMSU specimen of Botrychium (grape fern) as B. matricariifolium A. Br. ex Koch, where it would have represented a widespread Rocky' Mountain taxon once known as the var. hesperium Maxon & Clausen found from northern Arizona to southern Canada, but now known as B. hesperium (Maxon & Clausen) W. H. Wagner & Lelhnger in FNA. Botrychium matricariifolium in the strict sense is a taxon found east of the Great Plains (FNA). In 1977 B. Isaacs (Grape Ferns of New Mexico. Native PI. Soc. of NM News, Oct. 1-2) reviewed the grape ferns for tire state, suggesting that B. matricari¬ ifolium may occur in tire state, but that no records were known. In Allred’s work, the NMSU specimen was placed in B. lunaria (L.) Swartz, a species recorded for the state by Isaacs, and later listed for NM by Lellinger (1985, A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada). Botrychium lunaria , though, is very different, with broad fan-shaped overlapping pin¬ nae. a species not listed for NM in FNA. although the accompanying thumbnail map shows the species to occur in the extreme NW corner of tire state, probably' an error resulting from early problems of preparing computer-drawn maps. Isaacs’s records [for B. lu¬ naria and B. lanceolatum (S.G. Gmelin) Angstrom] either were overlooked or identifications by' the Wagners were different (Isaacs’s specimens have not been seen by me, and were not found at UNM by Jane Mygatt). Although there are several similar slight errors in mapping for Botrychium species, only B. virginianum and B. lanceolatum subsp. lanceolatum are listed for NM in FNA. Isaacs records of B. lanceolatum from Sangre de Cristo Mts. are not mapped, suggesting the Wagners did not see his speci¬ mens. The existence of B. echo in NM apparently also was overlooked in the preparation of the FNA treatment. Fortunately, the NMSU specimen was annotated by Ed Alverson (15 May 1984) in pencil, providing an authoritative identification (Dr. Wagner did not annotate the other specimens before his death). It also keys to B. echo in Wagners’ FNA treatment. A search of the UNM her¬ barium by Jane Mygatt turned up a another earlier record, distant from the Mogollon site, of B. echo in NM, the specimen first iden¬ tified as B. lanceolatum and later annotated as B. echo by W. Hank in 2001 (Rio Arriba County, San Pedro Peak. San Pedro Parks Wilderness Area. T22N, R1E, at 10,500 ft. 7/25/1 964, Annehara Fleck, sn.) Clearly, Isaacs's records, and the genus Botrychium in NM, need to be re-examined in light of the FNA review of the genus. 62 What’s In A Name? In reviewing the common names of the grasses in New Mexico, one finds that our short life-span (relatively speaking) sometimes renders us oblivious to the vagaries of nomina vulgaria. Consider this from the early days (oh, 1910s or so) of New Mexico agrostology: Bush muhly and sideoats grama were both called mesquite grass, foxtail barley was called squirreltail, bristlegrass was called foxtail, alkali sacaton was called saltgrass, saltgrass was called alkali grass, alkali lovegrass was called Mexican saltgrass. threeawns and burrograss were called needl egrass, needleg rass was called porcupine grass, tobosa was called black grama, black grama was called wooly foot, blue grama was called white grama, western wheatgrass was called bluestem, bluestem was called sage grass, creeping muhly was called aparejo grass, bromegrass and oatgrass were called wild oats (as were wild oats), tumble grass was called crab grass, common reed was called carrizo, and stinkgrass was called candy grass. While were at it, we find that other, lesser plants (of doubtful integrity) like to get in on the action: viper-grass, Whit- low-grass, grass-of-Parnassus, serpent-grass, mat-grass, saw-grass, cotton-grass, eel-grass, blue-eyed-g rass, arrow-grass, star-grass, bear-grass, and ditch-grass — none are grasses! A while back one of my colleagues took me to task for calling Lehmann lovegrass, Lehmann’s lovegrass. Hrrumph! © Botanical Literature of Interest Taxonomy and Floristics Allen, G.A.. D.E. Soltis, & P.S. Soltis. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of Erythronium (Liliaceae) inferred from cliloroplast matK and nuclear rDN A ITS sequences. Syst. Bot. 28(5):5 12-523. Bain. J.F. & J.L. Golden. 2003. Phylogeograpliic relationships within Packera sanguisorboides (Asteraceae), a narrow endemic species that straddles a major biogeographic boundary. Amer. J. Bot. 90:1087-1094. Brown, P.M. 2003. The Wild Orchids of North America, North of Mexico. University of Florida Press, Gainesville. 236 pp. Freytag, G.F. & D.G. Debouck. 2002. Taxonomy, Distribution, and Ecology of the Genus Phaseolus (Leguminosae — Papilionoideae) in North America. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, vol. 22. Heil, K.D. & S.L. O'Kane, Jr. 2003. Catalog of the Four Corners flora: Vascular plants of the San Juan River drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Harvard Papers in Botany 7(2):32 1-379. Prather, L. A. & J.A. Keith. 2003. Monarda humilis (Lamiaceae), a new combination for a species from New Mexico, and a key to the species of section Cheilyctis. Novon 13(1): 104-109. Roberts. R.P. & L.E. Urbatsch. 2003. Molecular phylogeny of Ericameria (Asteraceae, Astereae) based on nuclear ribosomal 3’ ETS and ITS sequence data. Taxon 52:209-228. [supports recent incorporation of Chrysothamnus.] Spellenberg, R. & J.M. Poole. 2003. Nomenclatural adjustments and comments in Abroma and Acleisanthes (Nyctaginaceae). Sida 20(3):885-889. Trock, D.K. 2003. The genus Packera (Asteraceae: Senecioneae) in Colorado, U.S.A. Sida 20(3): 1 023- 1 041 . Turner, B.L.. H. Nichols, G.C. Denny, & O. Doron. 2003. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas, Vol. 1 (Dicots) & Vol. 2 (Monocots). Sida, Botanical Miscellany, vol. 24. Zomlefer, W.B. 2003. Documented chromosome numbers 2003: 1. Chromosome number of Toxicoscordion nuttallii (Liliaceae: Melantliiaceae) and clarification of the genus. Sida 20(3):1085-1092. Miscellaneous Carpenter, J.M. 2003. Critique of Pure Folly. Bot. Rev. 69(l):79-92. [Examination of the proposed “PhyloCode” to replace our current nomenclatural system.] Costea, M. & F.J. Tardif. 2003. The name of the Amaranth: Histories of meaning. Sida 20(3):1073-1083. DiTomaso, J.M. & E.A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publ. 3421. Dorn, R.D. 2003. Environmental influence on leaf-glaucescence in willows ( Salix ). Madrono 50( 1 ):4 1 -44. Flowers, S. 1973. Mosses: Utah and the West. Brought back into print by Blackburn Press. See . [see also Weber 2003, below, for updates and corrections, and be aware that some plates and legends were switched in the original.] Grant, V. 2003. Incongruence between cladistic and taxonomic systems. Amer. J. Bot. 90:1263-1270. Hall, B.G. 2001. Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy: A How-To Manual for Molecular Biologists. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. 179 pp. Kimmerer, R.W. 2003. Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. 168 pp. [A wonderful little book about the wonderful little world of mosses: highly recommended.) Mohar, P. (ed.). 2000. A Congenial Fellowship. Xlibris Corp.. Xlibris.com. [delightful correspondence between Charles Deam (Flora oflndiana) and Floyd Swink] Peterson, R.H. 2001. New World Botany: Columbus to Darwin. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, Germany. 638 pp. Rebert, P. 2001. La Gran Linea: Mapping the United States — Mexico Boundary, 1849-1857. University of Texas Press, Austin. 259 pp. Wasowski, S. 2003. Southern Rocky Mountain Gardens: A Native Plant Selection Guide. Native Plant Society of New Mexico. 40 pp. Weber, W.A. 2003. Seville Flowers Mosses: Utah and the West. Nomenclatural clarifications and updates. Evansia 20(1): 1 -8. [copy available from K. Allred if you don’t have access to this little journal] Q Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Chick Keller [4470 Ridgeway, Los .Alamos, NM 87544] Cimia latifolia (Goeppert) Grisebach (Poaaceae): Taos Co.: Italianos Canyon, side canyon below Twining (Taos Ski Basin), moist riparian mixed conifer forest, 9000-9500 ft, 27 July 2003, Chick Keller s.n. (NMCR); Santa Barbara Canyon, moist mixed conifer forest, 8500 ft, 30 July 2003, Chick Keller s.n. (UNM). [This is only the third time this species has been recorded for New Mexico, and the first collection since 1923.] — Richard Worthmgton [P.O. Box 1333 1, El Paso, TX 79913 ] Carex microdonta Torrey & Hooker (Cyperaceae): Eddy Co.: Guadalupe Mts, Devil's Den Spring and Canyon (T36S, R21E, Sec 21, N edge ctr.), 32° 02.01N, 104 ° 45.74W, 6800-7100 ft, 1 Jun 2000, R. D. Worthmgton 29977 (UNM, UTEP). pet. by Stanley Jones. Reported for NM in FNA vol 23, but without any locality information.] — Kelly Allred [Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 ] *Briza maxima Linnaeus (Poaceae): Union Co. : Rainbow Ranch, northwest of Folsom just off' of hwy 72, about 1.3 air miles west of county line, in irrigated alfalfa pasture, 6500 ft, 7 Nov 2003, David Graham (county agent) s.n. (NMCR). — Richard Spellenberg [see note herein on p. 6] Botrychium echo W. H. Wagner (Ophioglossaceae): Catron Co.: Gila Wilderness, ca. 10 an miles ESE of Mogollon, on Crest Trail 1 82, 2.5 mi SE of Sandy Point, in spruce, fir and aspen forest, 10,000 ft, 5 Sep 1976, Spellenberg. Reitzel. & Hill 4528 (NMC). Rio Arriba County: San Pedro Peak, San Pedro Parks Wilderness Area. T22N, R1E, 10,500 ft, 7/25/1964, Annehara Fleck s.n. (UNM). m Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MSC Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Fourth Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plant Conference 22 - 24 March 2004 The New Mexico Rare Plants Technical Council is organizing the 4th Southwestern Rar and Endangered Plant Conference to be held 22- 25 March 2004 in Las Cruces. NM. In¬ formation about the conference is available at . The geographic coverage area includes the Sonoran and Mojave deserts on the west, the Colorado Plateau and Southern Rock}' Mountains on the north, the Chi- huahuan Desert and High Plains Grasslands on the east the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts on the south, and all mountain ranges within these regional limits. We anticipate United States focus, but topics on rare Mexican plants are also welcome. If you would like to receive periodic updates via e-mail, please contact Patricia Barlow-Irick or phone 505 568-9131 Available on-line at http://web. *7 '6c 'lieu* THexico ‘Solatttet Cooperative Extension Service U.S Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 I William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S. A. rS V New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. # A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Fate of taxonomy . 1 • William Gambel in New Mexico . 2 • Datura . 5 • Rabbitbrush . 6 • Botanical Literature .. 7 • Plant distribution reports . 7 Taxonomy: Impediment or Expedient? Quentin Wheeler, Peter H. Raven, and Edward O. Wilson Cornell University, Missouri Botanical Garden, and Harvard University [reprinted from SCIENCE, Vol. 303, 16 January 2004] Society has a growing need for credible taxonomic information in order to allow us to conserve, manage, understand, and enjoy the natural world. At the same time support for tax¬ onomy and collections is failing to keep pace. Funds nominally allocated to taxonomy go largely to reconstruct molecular phylogenies, while thousands of species are threatened by im¬ minent extinction. Ecologists working in the tropics have felt tins lack of taxonomic knowl¬ edge as an impediment that inhibits their ability to analyze community-level phenomena. It is time to evaluate the sources of this impediment and address them. Taxonomy must facilitate, not obstruct biodiversity studies and conservation. Existing taxonomic practices have served us well for centuries, but are clearly inadequate for the chal¬ lenge at hand. The taxonomic community must rally around a common vision, critically evalu¬ ate its needs, set an ambitious research agenda, embrace emerging technologies, and univocally communicate its aspirations. This will require a major change in approach, engaging individual scholars, professional societies, and institutions. Molecular data, abundant and inexpensive, have revolutionized phylogenetics but not diminished the importance of traditional work. Mor¬ phology links living and fossil species, is the object of natural selection, inspires tire search for causal explanations, and democratizes science. Visual morphological knowledge is ideally suited to Internet communication. The need for this research has been masked, because mo¬ lecular researchers could draw on centuries of banked morphology knowledge. That knowl¬ edge, however, is limited to a fraction of Earth's species and will very soon be exhausted. Fash¬ ionable DNA bar-coding methods are a breakthrough for identification, but they will not sup¬ plant the need to formulate and rigorously test species hypotheses. Predicted advances in cy¬ ber-infrastructure suggest that the time is right to re-envisage taxonomy. Some naively see the information teclmology challenge as liberating data from cabinets. The reality is that for all but a few taxa, much data is outdated or unreliable. Many specimens represent undescribed or misidentified species. Rapid access to bad data is unacceptable; the challenge is not merely to speed data access but to expedite taxonomic research. We can envi- | sion virtual monographs, revisions, floras, and faunas that are living dynamic works rather than static documents. It is time to approach taxonomy as large-scale international science. The goal of discover¬ ing, describing, and classifying the species of our planet assuredly qualifies as big science. In the face of the biodiversity crisis, the need for urgency could not be greater. Imagine a taxo¬ nomic renaissance built on a foundation of cyber-infrastructure. A taxonomist in her laboratory examines a type specimen in another city in real time with remote microscopy. She sets prion- ties for teams of collectors in several countries who are also using such tools to evaluate the day's catch. Turned around, the same digital microscope electronically brings a taxonomist into a classroom. Aspiring taxonomists in developing countries have full access to taxonomic litera¬ ture formerly resewed for a few great libraries. Peer-reviewed species descriptions are pub¬ lished electronically and made instantly available. Teams of taxonomists speed species explo¬ ration, as in tire recent National Science Foundation Planetary Biodiversity Inventories. (Continued on page 2. Taxonomy) S J5 otonicc est ^ctentin qune ^/egetabiHuii) cognitiorem trndit. — ^/Hnnneus (Taxonomy, continued from page 1) Taxonomy is planetary-scale science and deserves a planetary-scale tool. This virtual instrument could vastly ac¬ celerate taxonomic research and education. Taxonomic under¬ standing of biodiversity, constrained only by evolutionary7 his¬ tory, complements long-term and place -based studies of the role of biodiversity in ecosystem ftmctions. Both perspectives are necessary. This tool would be a biodiversity observatory, permitting scientists to "see" across continents and geologic time. Our generation is tire first to fully comprehend the threat of the biodiversity crisis and the last with the opportunity to explore and document the species diversity of our planet. Time is rapidly running out. Society's investment for centuries in great natural history' collections can now be repaid through a powerful taxonomic research platform connecting research¬ ers, educators, and decision- makers. The grand biological challenge of our age is to create a legacy of knowledge for a planet that is soon to be biologically decimated. To meet it, 21st-century taxonomists and museums must have the right tools. £□ William Gambel: New Mexico Plant Specimens Gene Jercinovic P.O. Box 246, Torreon, NM 8706 1 Virtually any botanist in New Mexico would recognize the name Quercus gambelii. Fewer would likely recognize tire name Callipepla gambelii. The first is, of course, the ubiqui¬ tous montane species, Gambel oak. The second, Gambefs quail. Both are named for William Gambel, M. D. Gambel is commonly credited with being the fust trained botanist to reach Santa Fe (1841). By passion more devoted to ornithology, Gam¬ ble also collected the mountain chickadee ( Poecile gambeli) from the area. Although not a prodigious botanical collector, he gathered several type specimens from New Mexico. The Man William Gambel was actually born William Gamble Jr. in June 1823, in Philadelphia. William Gamble Sr. had immigrated to Lancaster County' Pennsylvania from Northern Ireland. He served in the War of 1812. He left Lancaster County- after the death of his wife and moved to Philadelphia. The elder William remarried in August 1822 and, a few months later, William Jr. was born. Two daughters followed. Tragically, William Sr. died of pneumonia in 1832. Elizabeth Gamble (1802 - 1867) man¬ aged to provide for the family by teaching. Perhaps as a result of his mother’s involvement with educa¬ tion, young William displayed a talent for study and progressed rapidly. He also began spelling his last name as Gambel. In 1838 William made the acquaintance of Thomas Nuttall, per¬ haps the greatest field naturalist in the United States at that time. Gambel and Nuttall became friends. Late in 1838, Gambel left with Nuttall on a trip to the Carolinas and southern Appala¬ chians. Like many naturalists of the time, Nuttall’ s interests were diverse, including not just botany, but mineralogy and or¬ nithology. sciences that quickly captivated the young Gambel. They returned briefly to Philadelphia in April 1839, before go¬ ing mineralizing in the pre-Cambrian limestone in Northern New Jersey. Both men attended the October 15, 1839 meeting of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Gambel presented a specimen of gold from North Carolina. In December 1839, Nut¬ tall was contacted by John Amory Lowell, the son of an old friend of his from his days on the faculty' of Harvard University' as curator of the Botanic Garden and Professor of Botany. Lowell asked Nuttall to present a set of lectures on botany at the Lowell Institute in Boston beginning in the spring of 1840. Nut¬ tall invited Gambel to accompany him. The pair left Philadel¬ phia in late February' 1840, setting up shop in Cambridge. They stayed in Cambridge for over four months. Nuttall delivered the lectures and renewed acquaintances. Gambel essentially served as his apprentice. Nuttall did considerable work in ornithology- during this time and actually named a species of western sparrow for his young protege ( Zonotrichia gambeli). The two found opportunities to go on mineralizing trips. In April they joumey'ed to Portland, Maine and walked about 50 miles to the vicinity of Paris to collect tourmaline and beryl. In May, their goal was the area of Bath and the Kennebec River in Maine, again for minerals. By the end of their stay, Gambel was well schooled in not only- botany, but mineralogy' and ornithology' as well. They were back in Philadelphia in early August. During the following winter, Gambel wrote to Edward Tuckerman. his new friend from Cambridge, that he was going to California via the Santa Fe Trail to collect specimens for Nuttall. He left Philadelphia in March 1841 at the age of 18. After making his way to Independence. Missouri, he joined a group of traders bound for Santa Fe. The band departed in early I May and arrived in Santa Fe in June. From Independence the route proceeded westward for about four hundred miles to the vicinity of Dodge City'. Kansas. From this point, there were two possible routes to Santa Fe. One veered southward, across the Arkansas river, overland to the Dry Cimarron river wliich drains into the Arkansas River near Tulsa, Oklahoma, then westward along the Dry Cimarron into what is now northeastern New Mexico. The route then crossed the plain between the Dry' Cim¬ arron and the Canadian Rivers, crossing the Canadian near what is now Wagon Mound, then heading south and west to Santa Fe along roughly the route of 1-25. The second route followed the - Arkansas River from Dodge City' to the area of La Junta, Colo- J rado, then turning south through Raton Pass and on to Wagon Mound and Santa Fe. There is uncertainty- about which route ( Continued on page 3, Gambeli (Gambel, continued from page 2) Gambel’s party took, but evidence seems to favor the Raton Pass route. Gambel spent July and August of 1841 exploring, birding, and making a few collections in the Santa Fe area and along the "Rio del Norte”, as the Rio Grande was commonly called in the 1840s. hi early September, he joined an expedition or¬ ganized by William Workman and John Rowland and headed for California. The group of 25 left Abiquiu and followed a trail blazed in the winter of 1830-3 1 by a group of trappers and their leader, William Wolfskill. From Taos they headed northwest crossing the upper Colorado (then called the Grand) River below its junction with the Dolores River, then follow¬ ing the Colorado southwest to the junction with the Green River. Turning northwest after crossing both rivers, they pro¬ ceeded to the Sevier Valley in southern San Pete County', Utah, entering the valley about 100 miles south of present day Salt Lake City. Moving southwest down the Sevier Valley, they made their way to the Virgin River in the extreme south¬ west comer of Utah. After crossing the Mojave Desert, they traversed Cajon Pass, arriving in Los Angeles in late Novem¬ ber 1841. Gambel traveled about and collected bird and plant speci¬ mens in southern California in 1841-42. He was the first bota¬ nist to reach California from the east and the first to explore Santa Catalina Island. During 1842, he became pressed for funds and became a clerk on the United States Navy ship Cyane under Commander T. A. Catesby Jones. During the next three years, Gamble continued his naval service on several ships, visiting and making some minor collections on the western coasts of both North and South America and also in the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands. He returned to the Philadel¬ phia area in July 1845 via Cape Horn. Gambel entered medical school at the University of Penn¬ sylvania in 1845 and received his M.D. in 1848. He became Recording Secretary at the Academy of Natural Sciences and married Catherine Towson, a childhood friend. Establishing a medical practice in popular Philadelphia, however, was a daunting task. This, combined with his wanderlust and the dis¬ covery of gold at Sutter’s mill, led to his decision to tiy his hand at establishing himself in a medical profession in Cali¬ fornia. He resigned his position at the Academy, shipped his medical library' and equipment to San Francisco, and on April 5, 1849 left for Independence with Isaac Jones Wistar (1827- 1905), future Civil War general and great-nephew of Caspar Wistar, and a group of young companions. They planned to take the Oregon Trail. Leaving Independence on April 25, they followed the Kansas River to tire junction of the Little Blue River. The group was afflicted with cholera, small pox, and pneumonia. Gambel became a practicing physician sooner than he had imagined. They crossed from the headwaters of tire Little Blue to tire Platte River on May 30. According to Wistar, “Gambel being desirous of traveling more leisurely and comfortably” left tire group on June 2, joining a party led by a Captain Boone. Boone’s plan was to take a somewhat more southerly course in order to cross the Sierra near the upper end of the Sacramento Valley. The company continued along the Oregon Trail until it entered the Snake River Valley, then turned southwest across Nevada. Sand, drought, and lack of grass turned the expedition into a disaster. Many animals died. Wagons were abandoned. So much time was lost that the ragged band got caught in snows in the Sierra. Few survived. Gambel somehow made it across the Sierra. He emerged in poor condition near present-day Quincy in Plumas County, California. Placer miners were actively seeking gold in tire Yuba and Feather Rivers in the vicinity. Mining camps were set up on large sand bars in the rivers. Typhoid fever was ram¬ pant. Gambel began treating the desperately ill miners, but contracted tire disease himself, dying December 13, 1849 at Rose’s Bar. It is probable that some historians have a com¬ pletely inaccurate impression of Ganrbel’s final hours. The Plants During Iris first excursion to the West, Gambel main¬ tained contact with Nuttall by means of occasional letters. In 1842, Nuttall accepted an inheritance from Iris family in Eng¬ land. Terms of the inheritance required that he reside at tire family estate at least nine months a year, requiring his repa¬ triation. This further slowed the communication, hr England late in 1842 Nuttall received a letter Gambel had written in early 1842 from Pueblo Los Angeles, which included Ganrbefs manuscript describing eleven new species of birds from tire southwest. Nuttall forwarded tire manuscript to tire Philadel¬ phia Academy. The paper was read at the April 1843 meeting and published in the Proceedings. In August, Gambel was elected in absentia to the Academy. After Gambel’ s return to New England in 1845, he sent a letter to Nuttall indicating that he had returned, but that his plant collection, which he had placed on a whaling ship bound for Massachusetts, had not. At tire August meeting of the Academy, Gambel presented a paper describing 5 species of western birds. By the middle of 1846, tire collection of roughly 350 species had arrived and Gambel forwarded it to Nuttall in England. Although Nuttall reportedly brought a set of specimens to John Amory Lowell in Cambridge, no record of them has been located there. The rest of Gambel’s speci¬ mens are at the British Museum. Nuttall examined tire collec¬ tion and prepared a report describing about 115 species, the majority' collected by Gambel, but roughly 40 percent plants collected by Nuttall himself in tire West. Nuttall decided to take a brief trip to tire United States late in 1847. On February' (Continued on page 4, Gambel ) Jgotang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^innaeus Page 4 (Gambel, continued from page 3) 1. 1848, he read las paper at a meeting of the Academy. The pa¬ per was subsequently published in the Journal. Nuttall honored Gambel by designating a new genus, Gambelia, for one of Gam- bel’s plants from Santa Catalina Island in California. Asa Gray later reduced it to a species of Antirrhinum [Antirrhinum speci- osum (Nutt.) Gray], Nuttall’ s paper shows 1 1 new species gath¬ ered by Gambel from the Santa Fe area and along the Rio del Norte (Rio Grande). Paul C. Standley, in Type Localities of Plants First Described from New Mexico, corrected the listing of Bulbostylis annua as being from New Mexico, noting in regard to Nuttall’s specified locality: "Such is the locality given by Nuttall, but there is reason to believe that it is incorrect. The plant seems not to have been collected in New Mexico since, and the genus is one which reaches its fullest development farther west. This species occurs in Utah and Arizona and westward.” NuttalTs hst is summarized in the table below, along with a sum¬ mary of more recent taxonomic treatments. References Allred, Kelly. 2003. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Range Science Herbarium, New Mexico State Univer¬ sity. Available online at http://web.nmsu.edu/~kallred/ herbweb/ Ewan, Joseph. 1950. Rocky Mountain Naturalists. University of Denver Press. Graustein, Jeannette E. 1 967. Thomas Nuttall, Naturalist: Explorations in America 1808-1841. Harvard University Press. Gregg, Josiah. (1844) 1967. The Commerce of the Prairies. A Bison Book. University of Nebraska Press. Harshberger, John W. 1899. The Botanists of Philadelphia and Their Work. T.C. Davis & Sons. Martin, William C. and Charles R. Hutchins. 1980. A Flora of New Mexico. Vol. 1 - 2 . A.R. Gautner Verlag K.G. (J. Cramer) McKelvey, Susan Delano. (1956) 1991. Botanical Exploration of the Trans-Mississippi West 1790 - 1850. Northwest Reprints. Oregon State University Press. Nuttall, Thomas. 1 848. Descriptions of Plants Collected by William Gambel, M.D., in the Rocky Mountains and Upper California. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (newrser. 1: 149- 189) Standley, Paul C. 1910. The Type Localities of Plants First Described from NeM’ Mexico. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 143 -246. Wooton, E.O. and Paul C. Standley. 1972. Reprints of U.S. Floras, Flora of New Mexico. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd. Stechert- Hafner Service Agency, Inc. £S3 New Mexico Type Specimens Collected by William Gambel Nuttall (1848) Wooton & Standley (1915) Martin & Hutchins (1980, 81) Allred (2003) Phlox nana Nutt. Phlox nana Nutt. Phlox nana Nutt. Phlox nana Nutt. Gilia multiflora Nutt. Gilia nmltiflora Nutt. Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Dieteria gracilis'Nvctt. Sideranthus gracilis (Nutt.) Rydb. Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt) Gray Machaeranthera gracilis (Nutt.) Stunners Bulbostylis annua Nutt. Psathyrotes annua (Nutt ) A. Gray Not present in NM; reported by W&S based on erroneous info in type locality Quercus gambelii Nutt. Quercus gambelii Nutt. Ouercus gambelii Nutt. Quercus gambelii Nutt. Orobanche multifora Nutt. Myzorhiza multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb Orobanche multiflora Nutt. var. multiflora Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt, subsp. multiflora (Nutt.) Collins ex H.L. White & W.C. Holmes Bartonia multiflora Nutt. Nuttallia multiflora (Nutt.) Greene Mentzelia pumila var. multiflora (Nutt.) Urb & Gilg Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) Gray Monarda pectinata Nutt. Monarda pectinata Nutt. Monarda pectinata Nutt. Monarda pectinata Nutt. Hedeoma ciliata Nutt. Hedeoma ciliata Nutt. Hedeoma drummondii Benth. Hedeoma drummondii Bentham Calycodon montanum Nutt. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchcock Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchcock Pleopogon setosum Nutt. Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. Lycurus setosus (Nutt.) C. Reeder Datura (Solanaceae) in New Mexico Kelly W. Allred Department of Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 In the first floristic treatment of New Mexico, Wooton and Standley (1915) listed four species of Datura from the fledgling state: large flowered D. meteloides, stout-spined D. quercifolia , white-flowered D. stramonium, and violet-flowered D. tatula. Tidestrom and Kittell (1941), in their plant manual of the once- united territory encompassing Arizona and New Mexico, reduced this number to three species, submerging D. tatula within D. stramonium as only a color variant. Martin and Hutchins (1981) reinstated the total species to four, but with the addition of the glandular-pubescent D. inoxia, while recognizing A'iolet -flowered D. stramonium at the varietal level (var. tatula). Finally (and in reverse alphabetical order), Bye (2001) foot-noted the occurrence of the smooth-fruited D. ceratocaula in tire state. Nonrenclatural matters were elucidated by Barclay (1959), though confusion on names and identities continues to this day. Tire species can be distinguished by fruit ornamentation, size and frequency of spines, corolla size, and vestiture of foliage and stems. Only one of our species is native to tire state, D. M>rightii. Apparently all Datura produce high concentrations of potent tropane alkaloids, such as L-hyoscyamine, scopolamine, and at¬ ropine, rendering the plants highly toxic to all animals, including humans. Greatest concentrations are found in the seeds. Poison¬ ing in humans most often results in delirium and fever, but fatali¬ ties may occur when the plants, particularly seeds, are digested in an attempt to experience hallucinatory effects. The name Datura is perhaps derived from the Arabic “ tatorah ” or the Hindustani “ Dhatura 1 Plants semi-aquatic; calyx split on one side to form a spathe- like structure; fruit smooth, lacking spines . D. ceratocaula 1 Plants terrestrial; calyx not split; fruit spiny 2 Corolla 12-26 cm long; capsule pendant, globose 3 Stems and petioles (especially new growth) densely vil¬ lous or glandular-villous with spreadnrg hairs; corolla 12- 16 cm long . D. inoxia 3 Stems and petioles densely covered with short appressed or curved hairs, glandular hairs lacking; corolla 14-26 cm long . D. wrightii 2 Corolla 5-10 cm long; capsule erect, ovoid or oblong 4 Leaves mostly deeply pinnately lobed; spines of capsule relatively few and stout, at least some of them (often the terminal ones) 20-35 nun long; corolla 4-7 cm long . . . . D. quercifolia 4 Leaves shallowly lobed; spines of capsule relatively nu¬ merous and slender, all spines 5-15 mm long; corolla 6-8 cm long . D. stramonium * = exotic in New Mexico *Datura ceratocaula Ortega MEXICAN THORN-APPLE (horned stem). Found only in the bootheel region (Hidalgo County), in shallow temporary ponds at tire south end of Playas Lake; native to the highlands of central Mexico. This is a recent discover}' in New Mexico, found in 1989 and grown from seed. It is our only Datura with smooth fruits. A specimen is at NMC. *Datura inoxia P. Miller DOWNY THORN-APPLE (not noxious) [Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunai], Loose soils of the southeastern plains; native to central and southern Mexico. This has been con¬ fused with tire native Datura wrightii , from which it differs quite conspicuously in the spreading glandular hairs on tire stems and foliage; hairs of D. wrightii are shorter and incurved against tire epidermis, and e'glandular. This renders the plant with a downy appearance on new growth. Tire specific epithet is sometimes transcribed as "innoxia,’ but tire original spelling was with a sin¬ gle n.’ A glabrous garden ornamental ( D.fastuosa Linnaeus) similar in flower size and pods to D. inoxia, may be encountered hr cultivation only; it lacks the conspicuous spreading and glan¬ dular hairs of this species. *Datura quercifolia Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth OAK- LEAF THORN-APPLE (oak-leaved) [Datura ferox of some New Mexico re¬ ports, not Linnaeus], Roadsides and disturbed habitats hr central to southern regions; southwestern border states, to central Mexico. Spines of the capsule are noticeably stouter, fewer in number, and longer than those of tire sinrilar-flowered Datura stramo¬ nium. *Datura stramonium Linnaeus JIMSONWEED ( Stramonium , an old generic name) [Datura tatula Linnaeus], Moist, disturbed ground; native to tropical America and naturalized throughout most of tire United States, though apparently not as common in New Mexico as some of the other species. If desired, plants with vio¬ let-colored corollas may be referred to var. tatula (Linnaeus) Torrey, purple jimsonweed. though tire taxonomic distinction is tenuous. Current research in nuclear waste storage is finding that jimsonweed will remove plutonium, cadmium, boron, and copper from polluted water. The name ‘jimsonweed’ derives from its misuse as a scruvy-preventat ive at Jamestown by British soldiers, quartered there to put down tire tobacco tax rebellon of 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon. Datura wrightii Hort ex Regel SACRED THORN-APPLE (for Charles Wright) [Datura moxia P. Miller subsp. quinquecuspida (Torrey) Bar¬ clay, Datura meteloides of New Mexico authors, not Dunai]. Roadsides, dis¬ turbed ground in a variety of habitats, widespread; widely dis¬ tributed in the western United States and northern Mexico. This species passed for a long time under tire name Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunai, but that name is a taxonomic synonym of D. inoxia P. Miller (Barclay 1959). Herbage is conspicuously malo¬ dorous. Literature Cited Barclay, A.S. 1959. New considerations in an old genus; Datura. Bot. Mus. LeaU. Harvard 18:245-272. Bye, R. 2001. Vascular Plants of Arizona: Solanaceae. Part One. Datura L. J. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 33(l):58-64. Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins. 1981. A Flora of New Mexico. Vol. 2. J. Cranrer, Germany. Tidestronr, I. & T. Kittell. 1941. A Flora of Arizona and New Mexico. The Catholic University of America Press, Washing¬ ton, D.C. 897 pp. Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico. Conte U.S. Natl. Herb. 19:1-794. £3 Yi Page6 11 Miscellaneous Book Notes The name Cockerell is appended as author to over 140 names (including synonyms) of New Mexico plants, and appears in eponymy ( cockerellii ) on four species. For a further look into the life of this extraordinary naturalist, see Bill Weber’s follow-up to his earlier biography of T.D.A. Cockerell, "The American Cockerell”: The Valley of the Second Sons: Letters of Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell, a young Enghsh naturalist, writing to his sweetheart and her brother about his life in West Cliff, Wet Mountain Valley, Colorado 1887-1890, William A. Weber, F. L. S., Editor. ISBN 0-9710609-9-1. 592 pages. $39.95. A vivid account by a master naturalist. "In giving us T. D. A. Cockerell up close and personal, William A. Weber has delivered a veiy valuable and interesting look at a period when science and education on the American frontier were at their earliest stages, and dependent on the heart and vision of an intrepid few." — Edward O. Wilson University Research Professor Emeritus, Harvard University After reading this voluminous collection of correspondence, you’ll never write letters or keep a journal in the same way again. Available from www.bamesandnoble.com, www. amazon. com, or direct from the publisher (www.pilgrimsprocess.com) Q I Rabbitbrush Notes Roger Peterson 1750 Camino Corrales, Santa Fe, NM 87505 Across northern New Mexico uplands including my 3 woodland acres there's a low (1-2 foot) Chiysothamnus (Ericameria) of Section Nauseosi, that is, its stems are covered with matted whitish hairs. Looking back I see that over 35 years I've sometimes called it C. parryi and sometimes C. nauseosus. Discussion with David Ferguson and Bob Sivinski revealed that opinions are split between botanists as well as within this bota¬ nist. So in 2003 I looked carefully at 122 specimens from 46 sites, mostly from 3 bushes per site. They were from South San Ysidro (San Miguel County) to the De-na-zin Wilderness (San Juan County), but mostly from Santa Fe and Rio Arriba coun¬ ties. with a few from Sandoval and Los Alamos counties. The root of the problem is a seeming conflict. The subspe¬ cies of C. nauseosus of northern New Mexico are supposed to have corymbose inflorescences and the subspecies of C. parryi are supposed to have flower-heads scattered. On that ground, the taxon in question is C. parryi. But no C. parryi achenes should be glabrous, and these are. From original descriptions of the many subspecies and va¬ rieties, 1 17 of my 122 specimens are clearly what Asa Gray in 1 856 named Linosyris bigelovii, now called Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. bigelovii (Gray) Hall & Clements. My collection sites included the type area of bige¬ lovii if Gray's "Cieneguilla" "north of Albuquerque" is today's Cieneguilla or Cienega (Santa Fe County). Of the other 5 specimens of low rabbitbrush, 4 keyed to C. parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. attenuatus (M.E. Jones) Hall & Clements (Los Alamos and Rio Arriba counties) and one was C. parryi subsp. affinis (A. Nels.) L.C. Anderson (Rio Arriba County)- In our herbarium we also have C. parryi subsp. parryi from northern Rio Arriba County (farther north than the current survey). These all have hairy fruits and several other differ¬ ences from bigelovii , but they resemble bigelovii in their non- corymbose inflorescences. They were in deeper-soil sites than bigelovii. Whether bigelovii is better assigned to C. nauseosus or to C. parryi (if either), I don't know. But at least I'm pleased to have a definite name, bigelovii. for this widespread, often domi¬ nant plant. And there were enough interesting variants that I'll be looking at more rabbitbrushes and their tephritid galls this year. My thanks to Chick Keller, George Cox, and Mimi Hubby, who helped with collections. £2 Botanical Literature of Interest Page 7 Taxonomy and Floristics Jewett. D.K., M.A. GafTn, & N.R. Spencer. 2003. A collection of Cardaria draha (Brassicaceae) and related taxa from the western United States and its implications for their management. Madrono 50(3):203-208. McCauley, R.A. 2004. New taxa and a new combination in the North American species of Froelichia (Amaranthaceae). Syst. Bot. 29(l):64-76. [includes a key to North American species] Prather, L.A., O. Alvarez-F., M.H. Mayfield, & C.J. Ferguson. 2004 The decline of plant collecting in the United States: A threat to the infrastructure of biodiversity studies. Syst. Bot. 29(1 ): 1 5-28. Roberts, R.P. & L.E. Urbatsch. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Chrysothamnus and related genera (Asteraceae, Astereae) based on nuclear ribosomal 3' ETS and ITS sequence data. Syst. Bot. 29 ( 1 ): 1 99-2 1 5. [rescues some of our Chrysothamnus from Encamena) Schultheis, L.M. & M.J. Donoghue. 2004. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Ribes (Grossulariaceae), with an emphasis on gooseberries (subg. Grossularia). Syst. Bot. 29(l):77-96 [generic segregation of Grossularia is not supported] Simpson, B.B., A. Weeks, D.M. Helfgott, & L.L. Larkm, 2004. Species relationships in Krameria (Krameriacee) based on ITS sequences and morphology: Implications for character utility and biogeography. Syst. Bot. 29(1 ):97-l 08. Snow, N. &, J.W. Brasher. 2004. Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Southern Rocky Mountain Interactive Flora (SRMIF). University of North Colorado, Greeley, (www.unco.edu/ biology/lierbarium/SRMEF). Spooner, David M., Ronald G. van den Berg, Aaron Rodriguez, John Bamberg, Robert J. Hijmans and Sabina I. Lara Cabrera. 2004. Wild potatoes ( Solatium section Petota\ Solanaceae) of North and Central America. Systematic Botany Monographs 68:1-209. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins. 2003. Utah Flora, 3rd ed. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 912 pp. m University of Colorado Herbarium Database The University of Colorado at Boulder database of vascular plant specimen labels from Colorado housed at Herbarium COLO is now searchable online at /. Approximately 70,000 records of the ca. 90,000 Colorado specimens have been entered to date. For additional information, contact: Tom A. Ranker, Associate Professor & Curator, University of Colorado Museum, 265 UCB - Bruce Curtis Building, Boulder, CO 80309-0265; e-mail ; voice, 303 492-5074; Fax, 303 492-4195. GO Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Ken Heil [San Juan College. 4601 College Blvd.. Farmington, NM 87402] Astragalus preussi A. Gray var. latus M.E. Jones (Fabaceae): San Juan County: B-Square Ranch, slopes east of Stewart Canyon near the southern boundary of the ranch, mostly clay soils, 5840 ft, T28N R12W SI 8 SE/SW, 9 Jun 1999, KenHeil 13139 (SJNM). McKinley County: Navajo Nation, Red Willow Wash ca 0.5 mi W of Tohatchi, slopes above the wash, N35° 5P59" W108° 46' 09", 1982 m, 17 May 2000, Ken Heil 14.597 with S.L. OKane Jr. & Arnold Clifford (SJNM). Rio Arriba County: Bureau of Land Management in the Largo Canyon region, Crow Canyon, ca. 0.5 miles from jet with Largo Canyon, UTM's S0265728 E4047886, sandy soils in wash bottom, 6335 ft, 5 Jun 2000, Ken Heil & S.L. O'Kane. Jr. 14702 (SJNM). All specimens verified by S.L. Welsh (BRY). Astragalus Jlavus Nutttall ex Torrey & Gray var. higginsii S. Welsh (Fabaceae): San Juan County: 3 miles south of Bloomfield, north side ofKutz Canyon, T28N, R1 1W, S10, 3 May 1985, J.M. Porter 1011 (SJNM). Rio Arriba County: Carson National Forest, Jicarilla District, slopes along Salada Canyon on Forest Service Road 218A, pinyon-juniper woodland, T32N R4W SI 1 SE 1/4, 1 Jun 1 995, Ken Heil 8915 (SJNM). [Det. by S. Welsh] Acacia angustissima (P. Mill.) Kuntze var. hirta (Nutt.) B.L. Robins. (Fabaceae): San Juan County: About 2 miles west of The Hogback on US 64, along the margin of a field with alfalfa, gumweed, Russian olive, and bindweed, N36° 45' 09" W108° 33'25", 5 1 1 9 ft, 2 Jul 2002, Ken Heil & Arnold Clifford 19310 (SJNM). [Det. by S. Welsh] — Kelly Allred [Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Gamochaeta rosacea (I.M. Johnston) A. Anderberg (Asteraceae): Hidalgo County: Peloncillo Mts, Granite Gap, occasional on W- facing granitic slope with Ericameria laricifolia, Fouquieria splendens. Agave palmeri, Opuntia phaeacantha var. discata, 2 1 Apr 1 993, L. McIntosh 2665 (NMC). Pet. by G. Nesom] £□ Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist M SC Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http://web. nmsu.edu/~kallred/herbweb/ LUESTERT. MERTZ LIBRARY APR o 8 2004 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Kelly Allred Cooperative Extension Service Vi 7lecv "Tllexico U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 'SoUuii&t William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Plant Reports . 1 ;• What’s In a Name?.... 2 • Botanical Literature .. 3 f ), \ i Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Baird, G.I. [Baird, G.I. 2004. Two new varieties of Agoseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Sida 29(1 ):267- 274.] Agoseris heterophylla (Nuttall) Greene var. quentinii Baird (Asteraceae): Catron, Grant, & Hidalgo counties (NMC). — George Cox [13 Vuelta Maria, Santa Fe, NM 87501] *Prunus armeniaca Linnaeus (Rosaceae, apricot): Santa Fe County: La Tierra Subdivision, about 7 miles WNW of Santa Fe (N 35 44' 10.7", W 106 OF 54.3"), 2065 m, in bed of sandy wash passing through large meadow, 1 7 May 2002, G.W. Cox 02-3 (UNM). *Caragana arborescens Lamarck (Fabaceae, Siberian pea-shrub): Santa Fe County: Las Dos Subdivision, about 9 miles WNW of Santa Fe (R8E T18N, Sec. 29), N 35 45' 35.3", W 106 00' 32.3", 2051 m, growing in small, sandy wash m pinyon-juniper woodland, 2 May 2001, G.W. Cox 01-4 (UNM). — Flora North America, vol. 25, pt. 1 *Polypogon maritimus Willdenow (Poaceae): New Mexico: Eddy County: Sitting Bull Falls, sideroad 8 miles SE off state hwy 137, desert canyon with permanent stream, 3,500', mucky soil in stream bed, 7 Aug 1978, R. B. Deardorff 203 (WWB). — Kelly Allred [Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] *Gypsopliila paniculata L. (Caryophyllaceae): Grant County: roadside near Hurley, [no date], Wagner & Sabo 3233 (NMC). [A common escape in North America, and to be expected particularly in the northern counties along roads and fencerows.] *Lagurus ovatus Linnaeus (Poaceae): Dona Ana County: Las Cruces, escaped in shaded lawn at 2035 Jordan Road, 4000 ft, 22 May 2004, Kelly W. Allred 9183 (NMCR). [An ornamental grass oft-used for dried bouquets; adventive.] Pedicularis bracteosa Bentham subsp. paysoniana (Pennell) Weber (Scrophulariaceae): Mora County: Head waters of Rio Valdez, Pecos Wilderness, ca. 12,000 ft, under Engelmann spruce, 8/2/1987, Sharon C. Yarborough s.n. (UNM). [This substantiates an undocumented report of this taxon for NM in Kartesz & Meacham, Synthesis of the North American Flora, 1999. Much thanks to Jane Mygatt and the UNM herbarium for assistance in documenting this species.] — Welsh et al. [Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, & L.C. Higgins (eds.). 2003. A Utah Flora. 3ri ed, revised. Provo, Utah: Bngham Young University Press.] Astragalus cliffordii Welsh & Atwood (Fabaceae): McKinley County: head of Wildberry Canyon, s of Coyote and hwy, 2126 m, 11 June 2001. S.L. O’Kane 5350 (BRY). Astragalus lieilii Welsh & Atwood (Fabaceae): McKinley County: Navajo Nation, County Road 19, ca. 4 mi from Borrego Pass, 22 May 2000, K. Heil 14618 (BRY holotype, SJNM). Eriogonum sarahiae Atwood & Clifford (Polygonaceae): McKinley County: Navajo Indian Reservation, eastern edge of Red Valley, ca. 6 mi north of Navajo, 5.5 mi sw of Crystal, 4 June 2001, A. Clifford 01-590 (BRY holotype, SJNM, UNM). Senecio cliffordii Atwood & Welsh (Asteraceae): McKinley County: Toadilito Park area, ca. 4 mi sw of Tsaya Lake, Bowl Canyon Recreation Area, 1.25 mi ne ofBeezlebub Point, 4 June 2001. A. Clifford 01-575 (BRY). — Riley-Hulting et al. [Riley-Hulting, E.T., A. Delgado-Sahnas, & M. Lavin. 2004. Phylogenetic systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American temperate genus within a neotropical diversification. Syst. Bot. 29(3):627-653.] *Stropliostyles helvola (L.) Elliott (Fabaceae): Socorro County, locality not stated, T.H. Snow s.n. (UC). [Native to the Great Plains and eastward.] Strophostyles leiosperma (Torrey & Gray) Piper (Fabaceae): Dona Ana County: 2 miles north of San Miguel, F.R. Fosberg 35644 (MEXU); Las Cruces, on bank of irrigation canal, L. McIntosh 3115 (NMC). [This venfies earlier reports in Wooton & Standley (1915) and Martin & Hutchins (1981).] (Continued on page 2) J^otanice est ^dentin ^/Vnturalis quae ^/cgetflbiHum cogoittorem tendit. — ^/jnnaeus (continued from page 1) — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Cirsiunt texanum Buckley (Asteraceae): Eddy County: about 4 miles southwest of Whites City along US 62-180 at the Black River Bridge, (NW comer) (T25S, R25E, sec 16), 3500 ft, one plant, 10 Sep 2004, R. D. Worthington 32862 (UNM, UTEP). [Det. by P. Barlow-Irick] Grimmia americana (Musci: Grimmiaceae): Luna County: Tres Hermanas Mts, north side of middle peak (T27S, R9W, Sec. 36, ctr.) 1 500 m, 23 Mar 1 992, R. D. Worthington 20261 (UTEP, COLO). [Det. by W. A. Weber] Neckera complanata (Hedwig) Hubener (Musci: Neckeraceae): Rio Arriba County: Tusas Mts, at Vallecitos River and Rock Creek, on shaded rockface, 8800 ft, 21 Aug 2004, R.D. Worthington 32816 (NMCR, UTEP). [Det. by W.A. Weber] Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small var. tenuiloba (Asteraceae): Luna County: 2.7 road miles east of Columbus, roadside flats, 15 Sep 1996; R.D. Worthington 25882 (NMCR, UTEP). [Det. by B. L. Turner] — Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM 87402] Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) Desvaux (Brassicaceae): San Juan County: Navajo Indian Reservation, southeast side of Beclahbito Dome, about 1.75 miles southeast of Beclahbito Chapter House. Alkaline seeps with shallow crusty siltyclay alkaline soils on Wingate sandstone, scattered pinyon-jumper, T30N, R20W, 5610 ft, 30 Apr 2004, Arnold Clifford 04-1 19 & Jim McGrath (SJNM). Erigeron abajoensis Cronq. (Asteraceae): San Juan County: Navajo Indian Reservation, north side of Beautiful Mountain, faint horse trail leading to the top, the plants near top along vertical cliffs, basaltic slickrock with pinyon pine & ponderosa pine. 36°29' 50"N 108°58'18"W, 8720 ft, 30 Jun 2004, Ken Heil 24147, Arnold Clifford, Les Lundquist, & Wayne Mietty (SJNM). Chenopodium rubrum (Linnaeus) var. humile (Hooker) S. Watson (Chenopodiaceae): Rio Arriba County: Chromo Mountain Ranch, road up Stove Ridge into north valley, near a small stock pond, meadow with Gambel’s oak. Wood’s rose and grasses, 36°59' 25"N 106°45T6"W, 8264 ft, 10 Sep 2000, Ken Heil 15730B & Wayne Mietty (SJNM). [Det. by Stanley Welsh; included here as a second report of this taxon for NM, after that of Clemants & Mosyakin (Chenopodium, pp. 275-299. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 4, pt. 1 . Oxford University Press, New York. 2003); this is the native race]. — Robert Sivinski [P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] and Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM 87402] *Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam. (Poaceae): McKinley Co: Navajo Indian Reservation, 3/4 miles east of Tohatchi, Chuska Lake shoreline, southeast shore near the dam, 35°50' 43"N 108° 44T5"W, 6282 ft, 15 Sep 2004, K. Heil 24903 & W. Mietty (SJNM); Socorro Co: La Joya State Game Refuge, ca 2 km west of La Joya, 1430 m, abundant on dried mud in bottom of Pond No. 3,14 Sept 2004, R.C. Sivinski 5919 (UNM, NMCR). ffl What’s In A Name? I recently had occasion to delve into the origins of the names of various grasses. One in particular caught my eye: Hor- deum murinum Linnaeus, known colloquially as wall barley. One wonders how this common name came to be. The grass certainly may be found along or on rock walls, but it is common as well along sidewalks, abandoned fields, roadsides, and, in fact, almost any barren or disturbed ground at the right time of year. Some might have thought that the specific epithet, murinum, re¬ ferred to wall, such as in mural, muriform, intramural, and immure. And, hence, called it wall barley. The etymology is quite different, however. The Latin murtnum is the neuter form of the adjective murinus, -a, -urn (the endings change whether mas¬ culine, feminine, or neuter), meaning mouse-like or mouse-colored, which itself derives from mus, mouse. The genitive singular of mus, which is rnur/s, gives a clue to its case endings as a third declension noun, much the same as for genus, generis, which gives our adjective generic. We can now understand the adjectival murinus, derived from muris. Our English adjective murine is its direct descendant, as is muriarium (you guess the meaning; start with herbarium...). Perhaps we should be calling Hor- deum murinum mouse barley, and many do (the French call it orge de rat!). Incidentally, if one wished the specific epithet to refer to walls, one would apply the adjective mural is ( -al is, -ale), and we thus have Chenopodium mura/e ( and not murinum). And we don't call that mouse goosefoot... Whew! © Botanical Literature of Interest Page 3 Taxonomy and Floristics Aedo, C 2000. The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in North America. L Annual species. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58(l):39-82. Aedo, C 2001 The genus Geranium L (Geraniaceae) in North America. II. Perennial species. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 59(l):3-65. Baird, G.I. 2004. Two new varieties of Agoseris (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Sida 21(l):267-274. Bolmgren, K. & B. Oxelman. 2004. Generic limits in Rhamnus L. s.l. (Rhamnaceae) inferred from nuclear and chlorplast DNA sequences phylogenies. Taxon 53(2):383-390. [one may resurrect Frangula , if one wishes] Davila-Aranda, P., R. Lira-Saade, & J. Valdes-Revna. 2004. Endemic species of grasses in Mexico: a phytogeographic approach. Biodiversity and Conservation 13:1101-1121. Duke, G.L. 2003. Natural Echinocereus hybrids of Otero County, New Mexico: part 1. E. polyacanthus x E. stramineus. Cact. Succ. J. (USA) 75(5): 201-205. Duke, G.L. 2003. Natural Echinocereus hybrids of Otero County, New Mexico, part 2: £1 dasyacanthus x E. polyacanthus. Cact. Succ. J. (USA) 75(6): 245-250. Finot, V.L., P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, & F.O. Zuloaga. 2004. A revision of Trisetum, Peyritschia , and Sphenopholis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveninae) in Mexico and Central America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91(l):l-30. Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2004. New combinations in North America Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae). Sida 21(1 ):237-241 . Hillig, K.W. & P.G. Mahlberg. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 91(6):966-975. Hufford, L. & M. McMahon. 2004. Morphological evolution and systematics of Synthyris and Besseya (Veronicaceae): A phylogenetic- analysis. Syst. Bot. 29(3):716-736. Keil, D.J. 2004. New taxa and new combinations in North American Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Sida 21(1 ):207-2 19. Koch, M. & I. Al-Shehbaz. 2004. Taxonomic and phylogenetic evaluation of the American " Thlaspi " species: Identity and relationship to the Eurasian genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae). Svst. Bot. 29(2):375-384. Ledig, F.T., P.D. Hodgskiss, K.V. Krutovskii, D.B. Neale, & T. Eguiluz-Piedra. 2004 Relationships among the spruces ( Picea , Pinaceae) of southwestern North America. Syst. Bot. 29(2) 275-295 [no evidence of hybridization between Picea pungens & P. engelmannii ] Mansion, G. 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae): description of the New World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb. and Schenkia Griseb. Taxon 53(3):71 9-740. Riley-Hulting, E.T., A. Delgado-Salmas, & M. Lavm. 2004. Phylogenetic systematics of Strophostyles (Fabaceae): A North American temperate genus within a neotropical diversification. Syst Bot. 29(3):627-653. Schmalzel, R.J., R.T. Nixon, A.L. Best, & J.A. Tress, Jr. 2004. Morphometric variation in Coryphantha robustispina (Cactaceae). Syst. Bot. 29(3):553-568. Sulekic, A. A. 2003. Revision delas especies del genero Aristida (Poaceae, Aristideae) del noroeste de la Argentina. (Revision of species of Aristida (Poaceae, Aristideae) from northwestern Argentina. Darwimana 41(1-4): 155-188. Sun, F.-J., S.R. Downie, & R.L. Hartman. 2004. An ITS-based phylogenetic analysis of the perennial, endemic Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae of western North America. Syst. Bot. 29(2):4 19-431 Miscellaneous Faith, D P. 2004. L.A.S. Johnson Review No. 1. From species to supertrees: Popperian corroboration and some current controversies in systematics. Austr. Syst. Bot. 17:1-16. Sanchez-M., A.M., O.A. Weiss, & M.J. Reigosa-R. 2004. Alleiopathic evidence in the Poaceae. Bot. Rev. 69(3):300-3 1 9. ca JJotnnji Is die natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/Jinnaeus Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Looking Back in the Month of October — October 15, 1988: Julian Steyermark dies, at age 79. He is listed in the Gurness Book of Records as the champion plant collector. October 25, 4004 B.C.: Plants were created on this day in James Usher’s chro¬ nology of the world. [from “An Almanac of Botanical Trivia” by R. A. Howard] D3 Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist M5C Box 3-1 New Mexico„State University Los Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http://web. nmsu.edu/~kallred/herbweb/ Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service Iff U.S. Department of Agriculture 1 1 New Mexico State University 1U 'Hew- 'lllexuo Las Cruces, NM 88003 Soteuii&t William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S. A. HASLER OCT 27 2( US POSTA FIRST CLA: MAILED FROM 881 01 1A04 130021 i ' New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Ini If (III! silt fit* It hi ft! Mi "Tttexico Number 32 March 8, 2005 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Chenopodium in New Mexico . • What’s In a Name?.... 5 • Abutilon in New Mexico . 6-1 • Plant Reports . 7 • Botanical Literature .. 7 • Senecio millelobatus not in New Mexico . 8 Chenopodium in New Mexico Kelly W. Allred Range Science Herbarium, Department of Animal & Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 A 50-year-old quote from Herbert Wahl’s preliminary study of North American Chenopodium will suffice for an introduction: “No group of plants of comparable size and wide distribution known to the writer has suffered the lack of understanding of the taxa involved as has the genus Chenopodium, especially those members of its Section Chenopodia that are closely related to C. album and C. Berlandieri. The reasons for this lie in (1) the ecological variability characteristic of weedy annuals, (2) the fact that important diagnostic characters are present in the seeds, which are of small size and often lacking from collected material, (3) the repetition of similar variations in habit and leaf shape in distinct species and (4) the lack of pubescence characters in most species.” (H.A. Wahl. 1952-53. A preliminary study of the genus Chenopodium in North America. Bartonia 27:1-46.) I affirm the validity of these observation, and quickly admit that I have done nothing to remedy this taxonomic riddle. Nonetheless, after puzzling over nearly all the specimens in our major herbaria, I con¬ clude that most of the variation in New Mexico species falls within some rather general patterns, charac¬ terized by the key below, which is offered as a preliminary look at this troubling (troubled?) genus in the state. If we are fortunate, these patterns might correspond to species. Keep in mind the following: 1) Plants without mature seeds are very difficult to identify accurately, in spite of my use of vegetative features in the key (an attempt to provide some measure of field- usefulness). 2) The pericarps of Chenopodium, when teased with a needle, are either readily separable and come off nearly in their entirety (free pericarps), or are scratched off in small patches or remain at¬ tached to the seed (adherent pericarps). My sincere thanks to the curators and staffs of NMC and UNM, as always, cooperative and helpful. Chenopodium Linnaeus [Gr. chen, goose, and pom, foot, referring to the shape of the leaf] 1 Herbage stinking like rotten fish; pericarps honeycomb-pitted or smooth 2 Blades prominently sinuate-dentate and usually also lobed; plants stout, yellowish; pericarps smooth . 1 1 . Cli. hircinum 2 Blades mostly entire above the base, which may be lobed or expanded; plants slender, generally not yellowish; pericarps honeycomb-pitted 3 Leaves densely farinose on both surfaces, whitish; blades broadest very near the base; fruits com¬ pletely enclosed by the sepals at maturity, the pericarp slightly to markedly whitened; seeds sub- globose . 19. Ch. watsonii 3 Leaves sparsely farinose to nearly glabrous, at least above; blades often with hastate lobes above the base; fruits partially exposed by the spreading sepals at maturity, the pericarp black; seeds ± flattened . 15. Ch. neomexicanum 1 Herbage not noticeably malodorous; pericarps smooth or roughened, honeycomb-pitted in Ch. ber¬ landieri and Ch. neomexicanum 4 Primary leaf blades evidently toothed to sinuate-dentate above any basal lobes, at least those of the main stem 5 Leaves green and glabrous beneath (rarely indistinctly mealy when young) 6 Flowers in branched paniculate clusters; seeds all horizontal; sepals 5 7 Sepals glabrous, partially exposing the fruit at maturity; flowers somewhat individually dis- (Continued on page 2. Chenopodium ) . . . . . . . — - - .JIHI— J§otni?ice est ^cientin mirnlis quae ^/egetnbHium cogoitiorem tradit. — ^/liouneus ? Page 2 (Chenopodium. continued from page 1) posed in the panicle, which overtops the leaves . 18. cii. simplex 7 Sepals farinose, covering the fruit at maturity; flowers in small glomerules in the panicle, which scarcely surpasses the leaves . . . . . Ch. murale 6 Flowers in terminal or axillary spikes of rather dense glomerules; seeds all vertical or both vertical and horizontal; sepals 3 (sometimes 4) 8 Basal leaves early deciduous, on petioles shorter than the blades; glomerules on axillary spikes . 1 7. Ch. rubrum 8 Basal leaves persistent, on petioles longer than the blades; glomerules on terminal spikes 9 Glomerules subtended by leaf-like bracts throughout the spike; flowers maturing from base of plant to apex; sepals becoming red and fleshy at maturity . . . . . . . . 7. Ch. foliosum 9 Glomerules not subtended by leaf-like bracts, at least in the terminal !4 of the spike; flowers maturing from apex to base of plant; sepals greenish, not fleshy, only occasionally somewhat red . 4. Ch. capitatum 5 Leaves grayish farinose beneath, sometimes sparsely so but evident 10 Glomerules large, (3)4-7 mm in diameter; pericarp honeycomb-pitted; style base persistent on the fruit; sepals keeled . . . . . 3. Ch. berlandieri 1 0 Glomerules smaller, 1 .5-4 mm in diameter; pericarp not honeycomb-pitted; style base deciduous from the fruit; sepals keeled or not 1 1 Pericarp loosely investing the seed and easily separated from it; blades lanceolate to elliptic in outline, densely farinose beneath; sepals not keeled, spreading and exposing the fruit at maturity . 9. Ch. °laucum 1 1 Pericarp closely investing the seed and scarcely separable from it; blades mostly ovate to rhombic in outline, or lanceolate and nearly entire, variously farinose beneath but often less than densely so; sepals keeled, covering or exposing the fruit at maturity. . . '. . . . . Ch. album 4 Primary leaf blades entire above the base, which may have 1-2 lobes 12 Leaves with a single vein from the base and no pinnate veins, mostly linear; pericarp adherent 13 Blades 8-12 mm wide or more, broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate . i r/t album 13 Blades less than 5 mm wide . 14 Blades densely farinose below; fruits 1.1 mm or less in diameter; fruit exposed by the spreading sepals at maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Ch. leptophyllum 14 Blades sparsely farinose below; fruits 1.3-1. 6 mm in diameter; fruit exposed or covered by the sepals 15 Sepals enlarging slightly and spreading to expose the fruit, fused for more than half their length, with an undulate collar from the sinuses; leaves 1-2 mm wide; pericarp sometimes markedly red, especially when young, but also brownish to nearly black . . . . . 5. Ch. cycloid* lo Sepals not enlarging, enclosing the fruit, fused for half their length or less, lacking an undulate collar from the sinuses- leaves 1 -6 mm wide; pericarp brownish to black . . 6 Ch pauescens 1 2 Leaves with 3 or more veins from the base and/or pinnately veined, generally broader than linear; pericarp adherent or free from the seed 1 6 Blades triangular to broadly rhombic-ovate, with lobes at midlength or below, 1 -2 times longer than broad 17 Pericarp adherent, honeycomb-pitted . 15. Ch. neomexicanum 17 Pericarp free, smooth 1 8 Sepals tightly covering the fruit at maturity, weakly keeled; blades relatively thick; glomerules crowded; seeds 0.9-1. 1 mm in diameter . ’ “ ,oc , ,. . ' . . . . 12 . Ch. tncanum 8 Sepals spreading to expose the fruits at maturity, strongly keeled; blades relatively thin; glomerules spaced; seeds 1-1.3 mm in diameter . ' c’ ^ ' ... C Blades narrowly ovate, oblong, or narrower, never broadly rhombic or triangular, sometimes with basal lobes 2-5 times longer than broad ’ 6 19 Flowering shoots virgate, narrow and spike-like; inflorescence bracts leaf-like . 10 Ch. hians 19 Flowering shoots mostly branching, not virgate; inflorescence bracts absent or tiny, not leaf-like 20 Pericarp free from the seed, readily separating nearly in its entirety; blades 3-5 times longer than broad..6. Ch. desiccatum 20 Pericarp adherent to the seed, or coming off in small patches; blades 2-3 times longer than broad . 2. Ch. atrovirens Note: An asterisk (*) before a name indicates the taxon is thought to be exotic to New Mexico. 1. Ch. album Linnaeus LAMB’S QUARTER [ Chenopodium mis - souriense Aellen, Chenopodium paganum of NM authors, not Reichen- bach]. Disturbed ground in open sites, extremely variable. Young green plants arc cooked as a potherb as well as used raw in salads. The tiny black seeds have been ground into flour; such sustained Napolean at times. This species is very similar to Ch. berlandieri, which has honey¬ comb-pitted fruits, though some plants are intermediate with nearly en¬ tire blades, smoothish seeds, and persistent styles and possibly represent hybrid derivatives {Ch. y-variabile Aellen). Occasionally, large plants of Ch. fremontii from shaded sites in the mountains will develop teeth above the basal lobes and can be confused with Ch. album, but the leaf bases of Ch. fremontii are ± truncate rather than acuminate, and the peri¬ carps are free, rather than adherent in Ch. album. Some of the more ob¬ vious forms of Ch. album are weakly distinguished by the following: a Blades of upper leaves elliptic to lanceolate, entire or nearly so, mostly~l- veined...var. *lanceolatum (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Cosson & Ger¬ main a Blades of upper leaves ovate-lanceolate to rhombic, entire to toothed, mostly 3 -veined b Inflorescence branches stiff, the glomerules congested; stems purplish at the nodes, fruits about 1 .0 mm in diameter; blades of lower leaves less than 1 Vi times longer than wide; flowering in September.. .var. mis- souriense (Aellen) Bassett & Crompton Our apparently native form, b Inflorescence branches more delicate and arching, the glomerules spaced; stems rarely purplish at the nodes; fruits 1 .1 -1 .5 mm in diameter; blades of lower leaves 1 times or more longer than wide; flowering through¬ out the growing season.. ,*var. album (Continued on page 3, Chenopodium) Page 3 ( 'Chenopodium , continued from page 2) Selected Specimens: Bernalillo Co.: Ojo de San Antonio Valley, 6700 ft, 07-Sep-75, Tierney, G. 9 (UNM). Catron Co.: Datil Mts, 8300 ft, lO-Jul-76, Fletcher 527 (UNM). San Francicso River bottom, ft, 08-Aug-52, Castetter 9580 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: Me- silla, ft, 03-Jul-1897, Wooton, E.O. 85 (NMC); Las Cruces, 26-Jun-87, Anderson, D.L. 4310 (NMCR). Grant Co.: Cliff, Gila crossing, ft, 1 2-Jul- 1 900, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC); Mogollon Mts, Gila National Forest along hwy 15, Copperas Vista lookout, 21- May-04, Kelly W. Allred 9182 (NMCR). Hidalgo Co.; Animas Mts, Indian creek, 5400 ft, 07-Aug-76, Wagner, W.L. 2282 (UNM). Lincoln Co.: Circle Bar West Ranch, 5500 ft, 08-Sep-94, McClenahan, Dianne 125 (NMCR); S. Fork of Eagle Creek, 7480 ft, 29-Jun- 69, Hutchins, B. 2065 (UNM); WSMR, Oscura Gate, 23-Jul-91, Anderson, D.L. 4905 (WSMR); NMSU Range and Livestock Research Center (Corona Ranch), 6250 ft, 02- Aug-98, Forbes, Adam C. 426 (NMCR); Cedar Creek, 1/2 mi N Ruidoso, 7000 ft, 16- Aug-57, Harrington s.n. (UNM); White Mts, ft, 25-Aug-1907, Standley, P.C. 3587 (NMC). Los Alamos Co.: Water Canyon, 7000 ft, 09- Aug-79, Tierney 406 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: an arroyo s. of the 1972 spoils, 7000 ft, 31-Aug-74, Wagner, W.L. 391 (UNM); bottom of Wild Berry canyon, 6769 ft, 29-Jul-76, Manthey, T. 1135 (UNM). Otero Co.: Alamogordo. 12-Oct-1907, Walters, E. s.n. (NMC); Sacramento Mts, La Luz Canyon, 7650 ft, 26-May-04, Kelly W. Allred 91 86 (NMCR). Quay Co.: McAlister, ft, 20-Jul-42, Suggs, D.D. s.n. (NMC). San Miguel Co.: Winsor's Ranch, ft, 09-Jul-1908, Standley, P.C. 4264 (NMC). Sandoval Co.: Baca Location, Valle Grande, 8600 ft, 10- Aug-63, Keddy, D. 28 (UNM); Collier's Draw near Sky Vilage, 5800 ft, 27-Jun-69, Tierney, G. F-2-21 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe, ft, 23-Jul-1908, Standley, P.C. 4495 (NMC). Socorro Co.: Bosque del Apache W. R., ft, 01 -Aug-86, Hale, C s.n. (UNM); Hwy 60, about 2 miles east of Bernardo, along irrigation canal near Rio Grande, 4770 ft, 1 9-Jul-04, Kelly W. Allred 923 1 (NMCR). Torrance Co. : Near Pine Springs, pinyon- juniper-ponderosa transition, 7040 ft, 19-Jul-04, Kelly W. Allred 9237 (NMCR). 2. Ch. atrovirens Rydberg PINON GOOSEFOOT. Open areas in the mountains of the central and southwest region, from 7500 to 12,000 ft. The pericarp is supposedly both adherent and free, but nearly all of ours seem to be adherent. This species has been frequently rrusidenti- fied as Ch. hians. Selected Specimens : Bernalillo Co.: Sandia Peak, fir and aspen, 10678 ft, 05- Aug-49, Gordon, S. 1 63 (UNM). Catron Co.: Mogollon Mts, Gila National Forest, Feathery Hill, 2.3 air miles east ofNegrito air strip, 8080 ft, 12-Aug-99, Allred, Kelly W. 7585 (NMCR). Cibola Co.: Mt. Taylor, w slope of La Mosca Peak, subalpine dry meadow, 10653 ft, 16-Aug-98, Ivey, R.D. (UNM). Lincoln Co.: South Fork of Eagle Creek, 5 mi w of Alto, 7480 ft, 22-Jul-69, Hutchins, R. 2325 (UNM); Sierra Blanca Ski Area, 10300 ft, 08-Jul-77, Knight, P. 156 (UNM). Los Alamos Co.: Upper Frijoles meadow, 9600 ft, 29-Jul-82, Dunbar, T. 1 14 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: McKinley Coal Mine, July 1961 spoils, 7000 ft, 31-Aug-74, Wagner, W. 369 (UNM). Mora Co.: vicinity of Wagon Mound, 10-Sep-90, Smith, G. 137 (NMC). Otero Co.: Sacramento Mountains, La Luz Canyon Road, 1.7 miles east of Apache Canyon, 8155 ft, 26-Jul-01, Allred, Kelly W 8136 (NMCR). Rio Arriba Co.: Jiarita Mesa, 18 mi sw ofTres Piedras, 8500 ft, 07-Aug- 63, Goodrow, K.K. 451 (UNM); e side of Canjilon Mt, grassland, 9200 ft, 12-J ul-63, Goodrow, K.K. s.n. (UNM); Lower Lagunitas Lakes Campground, ft, 02-Aug-98, McGrath, J. 156 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Sangre de Cristos Mts, Gallinas Canyon, 7300 ft, 05-Aug-84, Cully, A.&B. 1951 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Valles Caldera National Pre¬ serve, Hartman, R.L. (NMCR); west slope of Redondo Peak, 1 l-Sep-63, Osborn, N. 1934 (UNM); 01-Aug-1908, Bartlett, Mrs. W.H. s.n. (NMC). Santa Fe Co.: Sangre de Cristo Mts, near Rio En Medio, aspen, 25-Jul-63, Goodrow, K.K. 593 (UNM). Socorro Co.: San Mateo Mts, Cibola National Forest Mt. Withington Lookout, 101 15 ft, 25-Sep- 02, Kelly W. Allred 8443 (NMCR). Taos Co.: Above Pot Creek, 10 mi e of Fort Burgwin, 09-Jul-61, Dixon, H.N. 57 (UNM); Lower Rio Hondo Canyon, 8500 ft, 12- Aug-67, Mackay, H. 676 (UNM). Torrance Co.: Manzano Mts, Nuevo Canyon near mouth of Encirro Canyon, open meadow, 7200 ft, 29-Jul-62, Bedker, E.J. 291 (UNM). 3. Ch. berlandieri Moquin-Tandon PITTED GOOSEFOOT. Open bare areas, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides, throughout the state. Very similar to Ch. album, q.v., and merged with that species by some workers; the strongly keeled sepals, honeycomb-pitted seeds, and persistent styles seem to be diagnostic. Sometimes only the main leaves are toothed, and those of the branches are mostly entire. We have two minor varieties: a Style bases with a yellow area; seeds 1 .2-1 .5 mm diameter.. .var. zschackei (Murray) Murray ex Ascherson a Style bases without a yellow area; seeds 1 -1 .3 mm diameter.. .var. sinua- tum (Murray) Wahlenberg Selected Specimens: Bernalillo Co.: Rio Grande Nature Center, 17-Sep-84, Knight, P. 3225 (UNM); Ojo de San Antonio, 6700 ft, 21-Sep-75, Tientey, G. 3 (UNM). Catron Co.: Datil mts, Bavenport bog, 8000 ft, 29- Aug-76, Fletcher 1220 (UNM). Colfax Co.: Raton, ft, 27-Sep-1907, Kohlhausen, Dr. C.B. s.n. (NMC); Maxwell City, 02-0ct-1907, Van Bruggem, W. s.n. (NMC). Dona Ana Co.: NMSU College Ranch, bosque pasture along Rio Grande, 4000 ft, 10-Sep-03, Kelly W. Allred 9048 (NMCR). Grant Co.: Met¬ calfe's Ranch, 1 l-Jul-1900, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC). Hidalgo Co.: Peloncillo Mts, Clanton Draw, at entrance to National Forest from the east, 5400 ft, 05-Sep-03, Kelly W. Allred 8997 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: White mts, 8400 ft, 26-Sep-70, Hutchins, B. 3330 (UNM); Ruidoso Creek, 29-Jun-1895, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC). Los Alamos Co.: Mortendad Canyon, 7000 ft, 08-Sep-77, Foxx, T. 8 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: bottom of Dalton Pass, 6750 ft, 09-Oct-76, Marley, G. 324 (UNM). Otero Co.: Sacramento Mts, La Luz Canyon, along Forest Road 162, 8038 ft, 27-Sep-03, Kelly W. Allred 9139 (NMCR); Sacramento Mts, James Canyon, ft, 1 1-Aug-l 899, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC); 6 mi w of Sacramento, 06-Aug-69, Conley, W.H. s.n. (NMC). Quay Co.: Nera Visa, ft, 02-Oct- 1907, Belnap, W. s.n. (NMC). Rio Arriba Co.: Truchas Peak, 9750 ft, 06-Aug-49, Gordon, S. 181 (UNM). Roosevelt Co.: Melrose air force Range, 22-Jul-93, Bleakly 335 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Chaco Canyon Ntl Mon, 6200 ft, 10-Oct-77, Cully, A. 252 (UNM1. San Miguel Co.: upper Pecos. 10-Aug-1898, Maltby & Cayhill s.n. (NMC); Near Pecos, 22-Aug-1908, Standley, P.C. 5174 (NMC). Sandoval Co.: Jemez Mts, Monument Canyon, 8400 ft, 22-Sep-83, Fletcher, R. 7464 (UNM); San Antonio Hot Springs, Valles Caldera NP, 8500 ft, 15-Aug-01, Hartman. R.L. 73884 (NMCR). Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe, Cockerell, T.D.A. s.n. (NMC); Santa Fe, 19-Sep-1907, Harvey, Mrs. L.A. s.n. (NMC). Sierra Co.: Rhodes Canyon, 28-Jul-92, Anderson, D.L. 5853 (WSMR); Mineral Creek, ft, 26-Sep-1904, Metcalfe, O.B. 1413 (NMC). Socorro Co.: Magdelena Mts, 7200 ft, 2S-J ul-73, Hutchins, B. 4576 (UNM). Taos Co.: Taos, 21-Sep-1907, Adair, W.M. s.n. (NMC). Union Co.: Albert, ft, 23-Sep-1907, Hanson, H.M. s.n. (NMC); Clayton Lake, 30-Aug-92, Ivey, R.D. s.n. (UNM). 4. *Ch. capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var . parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh STRAWBERRY BLITE [Chenopodium overi Aellen], Mostly in the central regions of the state, in the forests among aspen, ponderosa pine, and pifion. Variety capitatum is likely to be found in the state. It differs by having larger fleshy, red, glomerules 6-10 mm in diameter and cordate leaf bases. Selected Specimens: Catron Co.: Bill Lewis Cienega, 8900 ft, 08-Sep-80, Fletcher, R. 4817 (UNM). Cibola Co.: Diener Canyon, Zuni Mts, 28-Jul-91, McCallum, A. 1260 (UNM); Mt Taylor, 8800 ft 09-Jul-32, Castetter, E. 3950 (UNM). Colfax Co.: Palo Flechado Hill, 8000 ft, 16-Jul-32, Castetter, E.C. 3956 (UNM). Lincoln Co.: s fork of Eagle Creek, 7480 ft, 29-Jun-69, Hutchins, R. 2068 (UNM); Eagle Creek, 10-Jul-82, Soreng, R. 2021 (NMC). Mora Co.: Pecos River, 9360 ft, Ol-Jul-82, Andrews, T. 31276 (UNM). Otero Co.: Sacramento Mts, James Canyon, 03-Aug-1899, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC); Mayhill, 9000 ft, 13-Aug-49, Gordon, S. 596 (UNM). Rio Arriba Co.: Truchas Peak, 9750 ft, 06-Aug-49, Gordon, S. 207 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Chuska Mts, 8000 ft, 25-Jul-95, Hevron, W. 2393 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Crest del Monte, 8500 ft, 23-Jul- 32, Nelson, A. 3957 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: 8 mi n of Jemez Springs, 25-Jul-84, Spellen- berg, R. 7820 (NMC); San Juan Mesa, 8100 ft, 04-Aug-78, Wagner, W. 3855 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: 21 mi nw of Pecos, 24- Aug-60, Martin, W.C. 4353 (UNM). Sierra Co.: James Brothers' Spring, 7800 ft, 29-Jun-94, Roalson, E.H. 939 (NMCR); Taylor Peak, Black Range, 7500 ft, 12-Aug-82, Hutchins, R. 10330 (UNM). Socorro Co.: e of South Baldy, 10000 ff 26-Aug-73, Hutchins, R. s.n. (UNM). Taos Co.: Sangre de Cristo Mts, 17-Aug-73, Holmgren, N.H. 7268 (NMC); Rio Hondo, 8500 ft, 15-Sep-67, McKay, H. s. n. (UNM). 5. Ch. cycloides A. Nelson SANDHILLS GOOSEFOOT. Open sandy areas and blowouts, a few collections in the northeast and northcen- tral regions. Selected Specimens : DeBaca Co.: 2 mi sw of Ft Sumner, ft, 27-Aug-97, Sivinski, R. 4076 (UNM). Quay Co.: ne of Logan, ft, 28-Aug-96, Sivinski, R. 4090 (UNM). Roose¬ velt Co.: Kenna, ft, 02-Sep-54, Williams, E. 10505 (UNM); 4 mi n ofMilnesand, ft, 17- Aug-92, McGregor, R.C. 40728 (NMC). 6. Ch. desiccation A. Nelson DESERT GOOSEFOOT. Disturbed ground generally below 7500 ft, but a few collections from 8,000 ft. We have two widespread and intergrading forms, supposedly distin¬ guished by the following inconsistent features: a Plants bushy, usually branched from the base; primary leaves entire, somewhat fleshy or succulent, oblong to oblong-ovate; sepals covering (i Continued on page 4. Chenopodium) J^otang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/Jinnaeus (Chenopodium. Continued from page 3) the fruit at maturity, strongly keeled; fruits 0. 9-1.1 mm wide...var. desicca- tum DESERT GOOSEFOOT. a Plants usually solitary' from the base; primary' leaves entire or with 1 or 2 basal lobes or teeth, thin, not fleshy or succulent, ovate-lanceolate; sepals spreading to expose the fruit at maturity, weakly keeled; fruits 1-1.4 mm widc...var. leptophylloides (Murray) Wahl PLAINS GOOSEFOOT [Chenopodium pratericola Rydberg]. This form approaches Ch. leptophyl¬ lum in leaf shape but differs most clearly in having free pericarps (adherent in Ch. leptophyllum). Selected Specimens : Bernalillo Co.: Petroglyph Ntl Mon, 18-Sep-93, Barlow-Irick, P. 9398 (UNM). Curry Co.: 1 mi e of Clovis, Ol-Jul-93, Ulaszek, E. 1.916 (NMC). DeBaca Co.: Fort Sumner, 19-Jul-04, Kelly W. Allred 9238 (NMCR). Dona Ana Co.: White Sands Mis¬ sile Range, along road near C-Station, in swampy area, 4000 ft, 23-Jun-92, Anderson, David Lee 5778 (NMCR); Las Cruces, campus of New Mexico State University, 4000 ft, 09-Nov- 01, Kelly W. Allred 8208 (NMCR). Harding Co.: Kiowa National Grassland, Unit 46, ft, 11- Aug-87, Dunmiror W. s.n. (UNM). Lincoln Co.: Fort Stanton, 03-0ct-80, Lebgue, T. 452 (NMCR; Lovelace Ranch, 5400 ft, 30-Aug-64, Ivven, F.A. 162 (UNM). Los Alamos Co.: Pajanto Canyon, 7000 ft, 17-Jul-79, Foxx 365 (UNM). McKinley Co.: upper portion of Dalton Pass, 7600 ft, 18-Aug-76, Wagner, W.L. 2449 (UNM); bottom of Wild Berry canyon, 6769 ft, 18-Aug-76, Manthey, T. 1 137 (UNM); Chaco Canyon Nation Mon, ft, 17-Aug-77, Duke, J.M. s.n. (UNM). San Juan Co.: Chaco Canyon, 20-Aug-38, Castetter, E. 9581 (UNM); 1 mi. SE ofjet with Largo Canyon, 5900 ft, 22-Aug-98, Heil, K. 12504 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: urioer baiada. 6740 ft 26-Aug-02. Chauvin, Y. 02LV003-F5 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Frijoles Creek, near the Rio Grande, 5400 ft, Ol-Jul-88, Jacobs, B. 4213 (UNM); Pueblo of Santa Ana-, 6156 ft, 05-Sep-01, Trafton, A. 14 (UNM). Sierra Co.: Kingston, 6000 ft, 15- Sep-63, Potter. D.D. 13 (UNM). Socorro Co.: atop Ladron Peak, 9175 ft, 02-Oct-75, Man¬ they. T. 646 (UNM); Hwy 60, about 2 miles east of Bernardo, along irrigation canal near Rio Grande, 4770 ft, 19-Jul-04, Kelly W. Allred 9230 (NMCR). Torrance Co.: Manzano Mts, Comache Canyon, 6400 ft, 21-Sep-63, Bedker, E.J. 1567 (UNM). Union Co.: Volcano rim, 8080 ft, 28-Aug-02, Chauvin, Y. 02CV003-F10 (UNM). 7. *Ch. foliosum (Moench) Ascherson LEAFY GOOSEFOOT. Waste ground, disturbed sites, in the western regions. Selected Specimens : Sierra Co.: 12 mi N of T or C, 4 mi E of hwy 85, 28-Oct-66, Clark¬ son s.n. (UNM). 8. Ch. fremontii S. Watson FREMONT’S GOOSEFOOT. In a variety of habitats nearly throughout the state, from deserts to forests, but typically more of a montane species. The foliage of typical forms are sparsely farinose and green, but farinose and grayish forms exist and are easily mistaken for Ch. incanum', for these one must rely upon the features in the key. Occasionally, large plants from shaded sites in the mountains will develop teeth above the basal lobes; these can be confused with Ch. album, but the leaf bases of Ch. fremontii are ± truncate rather than acu¬ minate, and the pericarps are free, rather than adherent in Ch. album. Selected Specimens : Bernalillo Co.: small meadow in Sandia park, 7275 ft, 08-Apr-49, Gordon, S. 9 (UNM). Catron Co.: Saddle Mountain region, just west of the cliffdwelling on the south-face of Brushy Mountain, 7412 ft, 06-Aug-01, Susannah B. Johnson 544 (NMCR); Black Range, Gila National Forest, For. Rd. 150 south of Beaverhead junction, 6700 ft, 28- Aug-02, Kelly W. Allred 8369 (NMCR); Hall Canyon, Mogollon mts, 7600 ft, 21-Jul-84, Dunbar, T. 687 (UNM). Cibloa Co.: Grants lava flow, 6400 ft, 20-Sep-86, DeBruin, E. 631 (UNM); SE side of Mount Sedgwick, 9100 ft, 19-Jul-68, Riffle, N.L. 513 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: 1/2 mi S of Homer Ranch. 5500 ft, 08-Sep-52, Dunn, D.B. 8610 (UNM); San Andres Mts, Ropes Spring, 5660 ft, 17-Sep-99, Allred, Kelly W. 7670 (NMCR). Grant Co.: Mangas Valley, Rabbit trap exclosure, 5100 ft, 13-Sep-83, Fletcher 7439 (UNM). Hidalgo Co.: Pcloncillo Mis, Clanton Draw, at entrance to National Forest from the east, 5400 ft, 05-Sep- 03, Kelly W. Allred 8895 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: White Mts, 25-Aug-1907, Wooton, E.O. 3622 (NMC). Los Alamos Co.: Water Canyon, 7100 ft, 02-Aug-78, Tierney, G 21 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: Dalton Pass area, 7200 ft, Ol-Jul-76, Marley, G. 133 (UNM); Chaco Canyon Nat’l Mon, 18-May-77, Duke, J.M. s.n. (UNM). Otero Co.: Sacramento Mts, turnout near dirt road to Cathey Peak, 9200 ft, 07-Aug-02, Kelly W. Allred 8319 (NMCR); Karr Canyon, Sacramento mts. 31 -Aug-52, Castener 9579 (UNM). Rio Arriba Co.: , ft, 24-Jun-64, Miller, J. 140 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Valles Caldera National Preserve. Hartman, R.L. (NMCR); Alamo Canyon, Bandolier Nat'l Mon, 6100 ft, 31-Aug-75, Halley, R. 79 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe, Ol-Oct-1907, Boyle, A. s.n. (NMC); 1/4 mi S. of 285, N side of Rodeo rd, ft, 01 -Aug-72. Kelley, E 309 (UNM); n ofGloricta. 24-Aug-1908, Standley, P.C. 5244 (NMC). Sierra Co.: Ridge on W side of Diamond Creek, 8600 ft, 28-Jun-94, Roalson, E.H. 909 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Springtime Canyon, San Mateo Mts, 01-Nov-58, Todd, D. s.n. (UNM); San Mateo Mts. slopes n of Mt. Withington, along For. Rd. 138, 9670 ft, 25-Sep-02, Kelly W. Allred 8467 (NMCR); vicinlity of Water Canyon, Magdelena mts, 9450 ft, 25-Aug- 73. Hutchins, B 4719 (UNM) Taos Co.: between Amalia & Ute Springs, 14-Aug-73, Holm¬ gren, N.H. 7172 (NMC); 3 mi c of Dixon, ft, 24-May-79. Baker, W.L. 1034 (NMC). Tor- racnc Co.: 3 mi SW of Manzano peak, 7100 ft, 01-Scp-63, Bedker, E.J. 1456 (UNM). Union Co.: Entrance to volcano, 7220 ft, 30-Aug-02, Chauvin, Y. 02CV009-F7 (UNM). 9. Ch. glaucum Linnaeus We have two forms that have been treated as varieties. Only var. glaucum is common in the state: a Leaf-like bracts throughout the inflorescence; vertical seeds 0.9-1. 1 mm wide... var. salinum (Standley) B. Boivin Rocky Mountain goosefoot [Chenopodium salinum Standley]. Disturbed ground, waste places, widely scattered throughout the state. This is the native form. a Leaf-like bracts absent in the inflorescence, at least in the terminal half; ver¬ tical seeds 0. 6-0.9 mm wide... var. *glaucum Not common; known from a few early reports and perhaps not persisting. Not seen by me. Selected Specimens of var. salinum: Catron Co.: Mts se of Patterson, 16-Jul-1900, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC); Zuni Salt Lake, ft, 26-Jun-00, Savinski R. 5211 (UNM). Colfax Co.: Eagle Nest Lake, 8200 ft, 06-Jul-35, Nelson, A. 3951 (UNM). Curry Co.: Cannon Air Force Base, ft, 20-Jul-93, Bleakly & DeBruin 522 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: Zuni Reservation, ft, 28-Jul-1904, Wooton, E.O. 2772 (UNM). Quay Co.: Tucumcari Lake, ft, 17-Jun-83, Cully, A.&B. 1134 (UNM). San Juan Co.: 17 mi s of Fruitland, 1 l-Sep-77, Spellenberg, R. 4867 (NMC). San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge, about 7 air miles south¬ east of Las Vegas, McAlister Lake, 6500 ft, 15-Aug-90, Allred. Kelly W. 5120 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Bosque del Apache Wildlife Refuge, 01-Jul-86, Hale, C. s.n. (UNM). 10. Ch. hians Standley GAPING GOOSEFOOT. Open prairies, sand hills, and roadsides in the northern region; in New Mexico known only from the type collection at Dulce and this not seen by me. Specimens of Ch. atrovirens are frequently identified as this. 1 1 . *Ch. hircinum Schrader FOETID GOOSEFOOT. Reported in the early 1900s from southern New Mexico, but apparently not found since; native to South America. A distinctive species because of the foetid odor and large blades both lobed and toothed. 12. Ch. incanum (S. Watson) Heller MEALY GOOSEFOOT [Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) Heller var. elatum Crawford]. Found in a variety of habitats, from deserts to woodlands in the foot¬ hills, but tending to be at the lower elevations. Foliage is typically fari- I nose and gray, but sometimes very sparsely farinose and greenish, caus- I ing a confusion with Ch. fremontii. A weak variety has been recognized, based on branching habit and blade shape, but this distinction seems to be inconsequential in New Mexico populations. Selected Specimens : Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque, ft, 08-Jun-36, Carter, C.B. s.n. (NMC). Catron Co.: Saddle Mountain region, Pueblo Park Campground, 6156 ft, 06-Aug-01, ! Susannah B. Johnson 592 (NMCR). Chaves Co.: Sand Ranch, Polecat ranch house, 45 miles east of Roswell along hwy 380, 4380 ft, Ol-Jul-99, Allred, Kelly W. 7417 (NMCR); Roswell, 3770 ft, 10-Oct-97, Chauvin, Y. 97YC010B (UNM). Cibola Co.: Los Gigantes, Zuni Mts, 20-Jul-81, McCallum, A. 1218 (UNM); El Morro, 12-Sep-52, Swanson, V.B. s.n. (NMC). Dona Ana Co.: College Ranch, 05-Sep-70, Spellenberg, R, 2363 (NMC); WSMR, Organ Mts, 23-Aug-91, Anderson, D.L. 5034 (WSMR); Rope's Spring, San Andres mts, 5600 ft, 1 l-Aug-75, Von Loh, J. 448 (UNM). Eddv Co.: Los Medanos Site, 14-May-79, Van Pelt s.n. (UNM). Grant Co.: Hahita. hwy NM 9, 4650 ft 27-Sep-97, Worithington, R.D. 27121 (UNM). Hilago Co.: Antelope Wells, 21-Aug-55, Castetter 9932 (UNM); Peloncillo Mts, | .Clanton Draw, at entrance to National Forest from the east, 5400 ft, 05-Sep-03, Kelly W. j Allred 8995 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: Capitan Mountain near Summit, Ol-Aug-76, Wagner, W. 1 L. 2201 (UNM); 15 mi NE ofThree Rivers, 5780 ft, 08-Jul-72, Hutchins, B. 3819 (UNM). Luna Co.: 4.5 mi S of the E side of Deming, 13-Oct-48, Dunn 5310 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: Navajo Experiment Station, ft, 13-Aug-36, Surface, V. s.n. (NMC); 7 nti NE Borrego Pass, 30-Sep-79, Marley, G.A. 1749 (UNM). Mora Co.: Canadian River in Canyon Chiquita, 29- Jun-81, Knight, P. 1589 (UNM). Otero Co.: WSMR, 3 km n of Orogrande, ft, 28-Jul-95, Anderson, D.L. 6700 (WSMR); Turner's Ranch, ft, 19-Jul-1905, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (NMC). Roosevelt Co.: Melrose Bombing Range, 12-Oct-90, Barlow s.n. (UNM). San Juan Co.: NMGS plant site, 6000 ft, 24-May-78, Marley, G.A. 1245 (UNM); Chaco canyon, S of Pueblo Alto, 6420 ft, 01 -Oct-77, Cully, A. 246 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: 3 mi E ofjet US 85 & hwy 3, ft, 11 -Aug-49, Gordon, S. 510 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: NM 22 mile post 5-6, 10- Jul-2000. Nellessen. J.E. 6 (UNM); White Rock Canyon, mouth of Frijoles Canyon, 5400 ft, 14-May-88, Jacobs.B. 4004 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: Arroyo Hondo, 1/2 mi w of Pueblo ruins, ft, Ol-Jul-72, Kelley, E. 57 (UNM); Santa Fe municipal airport, 04-Aug-53, McKinley, J.W. 32 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Sevilleta, E of Nunn-Burris Ranch house, 5300 ft, 23-Jul-76, Man¬ they, T. 1092 (UNM); N. Fork Canyon, Magdelena mts, 6975 ft, 26-Jul-73, Hutchins, B 4467 (UNM). Torrance Co.: NMSU Corona Ranch, northeast corner of I Pasture, 5050 ft, 19-Jul- 97, Forbes, Adam C. 39 (NMCR); Gallenas Peak S of Willard, 08-Sep-61, Potter, L.D. 578 (UNM). 13. Ch. leptophyllum (Moquin-Tandon) Nuttall ex S. Watson NAR- ROWLEAF GOOSEFOOT. Widespread in the western half of the state in disturbed areas, often in the mountains. A conspicuous species because of the narrow, farinose, single-veined leaves, but it may be confused with Ch. desiccatum var. lephtophylloides , which has free pericarps rather than adherent ones. (Continued on page 5. Chenopodium) (Chenopodium, Continued from page 4) Selected Specimens : Catron Co.: Gila National Forest, Snow Lake, 8300 ft, 03-Aug-93, Allred, Kelly W. 5951 (NMCR); Brockman Ranch, 8 km e of Red Hill, 06-Sep-90, Ander¬ son, D.L. 4527 (NMCR). Hidalgo Co.: Peloncillo Mts, Clanton Draw, at entrance to National Forest from the east, 5400 ft, 05-Sep-03, Kelly W. Allred 8993 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: Fort Stanton, 7000 ft, 04-0ct-80, Lebgue, T. 465 (NMCR). Luna Co.: Hadley Canyon, 5400 ft, 18-Apr-88, Columbus, J. Travis 1938 (NMCR). McKinley Co.: Mesa above Wild Berry canyon, 6600 ft, 12-Sep-76, Wagner, W.L. 318 (UNM); Gallup, ft, (NMC); Jet. Highway 9 & 666, 19-Aug-76, Wagner, W.L. 2462 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Navajo Mine, BHP-Utah International, Area IV-North, 23-Jul-87, Allred, Kelly W. 4527 (NMCR). San Miguel Co.: near Pecos, 22-Aug-1908, Standley, P.C. 5172 (NMC). Santa Fe Co.: 2 mi. due w. of Santa Fe Airport, 6450 fl 10-Sep-01, Chauvin, Y. 01YC002-F2 (UNM). Sierra Co.: 14 mi e of Beaverhead, ft, 14- Aug-82, Spellenberg, R. 6594 (NMC). Socorro Co.: Ladron, near tank in Sect 33, 5800 ft, 21-Sep-75, Manthey, T. 505 (UNM). Taos Co.: between Amalia & Ute Springs, ft, 14-Aug-73, Holmgren, N.H. 7173 (NMC). 14. *Ch. muralc Linnaeus NETTLE-LEAF GOOSEFOOT. Native to Europe and Asia. Poorly known in New Mexico. Selected Specimens : Socorro Co.: ne of Magdalena Mts, 6100 ft, 14-Sep-74, Hutchins, R. 5169 (UNM). 15. Ch. neomexicanum Standley NEW MEXICO GOOSEFOOT [Chenopodium arizonicum Standley]. Disturbed ground in woodlands, pine forests, and roadsides. In his original description Standley clearly indicated these plants (as well as Ch. arizonicum ) to be “ill-scented,” but most New Mexico plants identified with this name seem to be non¬ aromatic. Selected Specimens : Dona Ana Co.: Organ Mountains, 01 -Sep-1 898, Cockrell, T.D.A s. n. (UNM); Organ Mts, ft, 10-Sep-1899, Wooton, E.O. s.u. (NMC). Eddv Co.: Longview Ridge, 5962 ft, 03-0ct-00, Chauvin, Y. 00YC063-F21 (UNM1. Lincoln Co.: Fort Stanton Experimental Ranch, 03-0ct-80, Lebgue, T. 445 (NMCR). Luna Co.: Florida Mts, arroyo e. of Gym Peak, 4500 ft, 11 -Oct-97, Wothington, R.D. 27275 (UNM); on ridgetop just E of summit of Cooke’s Peak, 8000 ft, 20-Sep-87, Columbus, J. Travis 1846 (NMCR). McKinley Co.: mesa w. of Wild Berry canyon, 6600 ft, 17-Aug-76, Wagner, W.L. 2397 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Trout springs, Las Vegas canyon, ft, 24-Aug-1910, Wooton, E.O. s.n. (UNM). Sierra Co.: Mineral Creek, 7800 ft, 26-Sep-1904, Metcalfe, O.B. 1412 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Ladron, head of Canon del Norte, 6850 ft, 02 -Oct-75, Manthey, T. 680 (UNM). 16. Ch. pallescens Standley SLIM-LEAF GOOSEFOOT. Open ground in the southeastern region; not common. Selected Specimens : New Mexico, Eddv Co.: Livingston Ridge, Los Medanos Site, 10- Jul-78, Knight, M. s.n. (UNM). 17. Ch. rubrum Linnaeus RED GOOSEFOOT. Moist open areas, alka¬ line clay flats and playas. We supposedly have two forms in New Mex¬ ico that have been variously treated as species, subspecies, varieties, or not at all. The specimens I have seen more-or-less fit the native form (var. humile), as below, but the distinction is clearer on paper than in the plants: a Stems erect or ascending, 1 5-80 cm long; blade margins deeply dentate; vertical seeds 0.6-1 mm in diameter... var. *rubrum Native to Europe. Not seen by me for New Mexico material. a Stems prostrate or spreading; blade margins entire or shallowly dentate; vertical seeds 0.8-1. 2 mm in diameter.. .var. humile (Hooker) S. Watson Native to the western United States. Selected Specimens : Cibola Co.: Bluewater Lake, 7200 ft, 26-Sep-90, Loftin 3 (UNM). Otero Co.: WSMR, Brazel Lake, 4100 ft, 19-Aug-93, Anderson, D.L. 6328 (WSMR). Rio Arriba Co.: San Gregorio, 19-Sep-64, Fleck, A. s.n. (UNM). San Juan Co.: 15 mi w of Farmington, ft, 1 7-Sep-84, Spellenberg, R. 7876 (NMC). Sandoval Co.: Alamo Canyon, 5450 ft, 04-Jun-88, Jacobs, B. 4144 (UNM); White Rock Canyon, 5400 ft, 12-Jul-88, Jacobs, B. 4262 (UNM). Sierra Co.: Elephant Butte Lake, 4200 ft, 25-Oct-75, Hutchins, R. 5380 (UNM). 18. Ch. simplex (Torrey) Raftnesque GIANT-SEED GOOSEFOOT [Chenopodium gigantospermum Aellen], Waste places, in the northeast¬ ern and northwestern comers of the state, from very few collections. 19. Ch. watsonii A. Nelson STINKING GOOSEFOOT. Woodlands and shrublands of various kinds, often with pinon or juniper, disturbed ground. Plants form rather dense clumps, with thick, malodorous leaves that seem wet to the touch when fresh. The odor remains in dried mate¬ rial. Selected specimens : Catron Co.: Datil Mountains, 7600 ft, 10- Aug-76, Fletcher 1069 (UNM). Cibola Co.: Coal Mine Canyon, 27-Jun-60, Osbom, N. 194 (UNM). Grant Co.: Redrock, 1 1 -Sep-35, Anderson & Rhinehart 541 (NMC); in drainage bottom about 1/4 mile N of White Eagle Mine, 5800 ft 01-Aug-87, Columbus, J. Travis 1430 (NMCR). Hidalgo Co.: Peloncillo Mts, Clanton Draw, at entrance to National Forest from the east, 5400 ft, 05- Sep-03, Kelly W. Allred 8996 (NMCR); Animas Mts, 5400 ft, 07-Aug-76, Wagner, W.L. 2287 (UNM); south of Lordsburg, ft, 08-Jun-49, Dittmer3947 (UNM). McKinlev Co.: Mexi¬ can Springs, 03-Jul-35, Carter, C.B. 8143 (NMC); Dalton Pass mesa top, 7200 ft, Ol-Jul-76, Marley, G. 102 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Bandelier National Mon, Friljoles Canyon, 6470 ft, 22-Aug-57, Yamell, R.A. 127 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Chupadera Mesa, 16-Aug-48, Dunn 4453 (UNM); Montezuma, 7000 ft, 01-Jul-65, Broeske, F. s.n. (UNM). Taos Co.: Cerros de Taos, 19-Aug-73, Holmgren, N.H. 7296 (NMC). Torrance Co.: 10 mi s of Clines Comers, 02-Jul-49, Castetter 3944 (UNM). d) What’s In A Name? I report the following from Paul Fryxell's article on generic scien- tif ic names derived from both the given and surnames of people [Very personal generic names {Nomina perpropria)\ A contribution to whimsical botany. Sida 10(2):95-102. 1983]: Allenrolfea: Robert Allen Rolf, 1855-1921 Billieturnera: Billie Lee Turner, 1925- Captaincookia, James Cook, 1728-1779 Carlowrightia, Charles Wright, 1811-1885 Ivanjohnstonia, Ivan Murray Johnston, 1898-1960 Marshalljohnstonia, Marshall Conring Johnston, 1930- Peteravenia, Peter Raven, 1936- Reedrollinsia, Reed Clark Rollins, 1911-1998 Sirhookera, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1817-1911 Willwebera, William A. Weber, 1918- So, have at it...! © ¥ - ' v ■ _ Page 6 Abutilon (Malvaceae) in and near New Mexico Roger S. Peterson (New Mexico Natural History Institute, 1750 Camino Corrales Santa Fe, NM 87505) Richard Spellenberg (New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003) Indian mallows are common in southern New Mexico and one species occurs northward at least to Sandoval and Guadalupe counties. Since preparation of Martin and Hutchins' A Flora of New Mexico an additional species has been reported, another is recognized here, and A abutiloides and A. pinkavae have been reported nearby and are likely to occur in New Mexico. Speci¬ mens have been reviewed at NMC, NMCR, and UNM. A key: 1 Styles and carpels 5; some pubescence stellate . 2 2 Flowers in compact panicles; leaves mostly 4-7 cm long; calyx 6-8 mm; petals 9-15 mm . A. malacum 2 Flowers solitary or in open panicles; leaves mostly 2-4 (a few to 6) cm long; calyx 2-4 mm, petals 4-7 mm . 3 3 Plants usually erect subshrubs with densely tomentulose leaves; corolla usually with dark center; petals reflexed; fruits 6 cm diameter . A . incanum 3 Plants usually decumbent or trailing with sparsely pubes¬ cent leaves; corolla lacks dark center; petals erect; fruits 7-9 mm diameter . A. parvulum 1 Styles and carpels 6 to 15; pubescence stellate or not . 4 4 Stem often >1 m tall; carpels (8-)10-15 . 5 5 Larger leaves to 5(- 1 0) cm long; calyx and petals 9-12 mm long . A. abutiloides 5 Larger leaves 10-20 cm long; calyx and petals 3-10 mm long . 6 6 Calyx 5-9 mm long; carpels with divergent awns; plants annual . A. theophrasti 6 Calyx 3-5 mm long; carpels with short mucros; plants perennial . A. mollicomum 4 Stems <0.6 m tall; carpels 6-9 . 7 7 Petioles 0.5-0.75 X blade length; calyx 2-5 mm. long; petals 5-10 mm long . A. fruticosum 7 Petioles 0.9- 1.2 X blade length; calyx 8-20 mm long, pet¬ als 14-18 mm long . 8 8 Plants procumbent to ascending; leaves prominently dentate, about as long as wide; fruits 10 mm long (shorter than calyx); petals pale yellow . A. wrightii 8 Plants erect; leaves obscurely crenulate-serrulate, longer than wide; fruits 8-17 mm long (= calyx); petals orange . A. pinkavae Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Brit. & Wilson. Sub¬ shrubs to 1.5 m; corollas orange-yellow. Texas, Arizona, Mex¬ ico, West Indies. Known in Graham County, Arizona, a few km west of New Mexico. Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. Subshrubs 2-60 cm tall; corollas cream to orange-yellow. A. fruticosum was described from Senegal and is known eastward to India. J. E. Fryxell (1983) introduced this name for North American plants to in¬ clude A. texense Torr. & Gray in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas, and northern Mexico. The species has not previously been re¬ ported for New Mexico, although/! texense has been listed as a synonym of A. incanum in New Mexican works. New Mexico specimens are Peterson 04-195 (deposited NMC) and 01-476 (NMNHI) from Eddy County, foothills of the Guadalupe Moun¬ tains in a side-canyon of South Texas Hill Canyon (T22S R21E Sec. 15, 1550 m elevation), where it grows in Chihuahuan De¬ sert scrub that includes Juniperus pinchotii and Rhus trilobata. Specimens collected earlier by Richard D. Worthington in the Guadalupes and recorded (in accord with the floras of Texas and New Mexico) as A. incanum are presumably this species. Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet. Subshrubs or shrubs to 1 m or taller; corollas yellow or pink, reflexed and commonly with a dark red center. New Mexico to Arizona and northwest¬ ern Mexico and (pink form only) in Hawaii. In New Mexico in Sierra, Luna, and Grant counties. Arguably J. Carter's Luna County collection can be distinguished as Abutilon pringlei Ho- chreutiner or A. incanum subsp. pringlei (Hochr.) Felger & Lowe. Abutilon malacum S. Wats. Perennial herb or subshrub to 1 m; corollas yellow. Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico. In New Mexico from Chaves and Eddy west to Grant and Hidalgo counties. Abutilon mollicomum (Willd.) Sweet (A. sonorae A. Gray). Shrub 1-2 m tall; corollas yellowish. Mexico, north to Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico (m Hidalgo and Luna coun¬ ties). Abutilon parvulum S. Wats. Perennial herb or subshrub with trailing branches; petals orange or pink. Northern Mexico, Texas and Colorado west to California. Our most common and widespread Indian mallow, the only species known north of So¬ corro and Chaves counties. Abutilon pinkavae P. Fryxell. Subshrub to 0.5 m; corollas orange. Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Chihuahua. R. D. Wor¬ thington's collection locale near Ciudad Juarez is about 9 km from New Mexico. Abutilon theophrastii Medik. Robust annual herb to 1 m or more; corollas yellow. Asian, widespread across southern U.S. Found in 1955 by R. J. Fleetwood in a Socorro County sorghum field; known from a Lea County' garden and a few other such places. Abutilon wrightii A. Gray. Ascending or decumbent peren¬ nial herb to 0.6 m; corollas pale yellow. Texas to Arizona. In New' Mexico known in the Guadalupe Mountains of Eddy County'. Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Robert C. Sivinski [P.O. Box 1 948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] Astragalus nutriosus Sanderson (Fabaceae): Catron County: about 10 miles west-south-west of Red Hill and !/4 mile east of the Arizona border, T1S R21 W Sec 28 NW‘/4 of NEVi, 2,300 m, Sandy basaltic soil with Juniperus monosperma, Pinus edulis, Bouteloua gracilis, Ericameria nauseosa var. bigelovii, locally rare, 1 8 May 2004, R.C. Sivinski 5808 (UNM). — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Arnica latifolia Bong. (Asteraceae): Taos County: Sangre de Cristo Mts., up Middle Fork (of Red River) Trail to about 1. 0-1.5 mi. below Middle Fork Lake, N36° 36.30' W105° 24.76', about 10,000 ft., along stream in canyon bottom in spruce-fir forest, 20 Jul 2004 R. D. Worthington 32608 (UTEP, SRSC, UNM). [Det. by B. L. Turner] Carex bebbii (L. H. Bailey) Olney & Fem. (Cyperaceae): Rio Arriba County: Tusas Mts., Vallecitos Ranch at Vallecitos River and Rock Creek, N36° 38.34' W106° 1 1.95', 8800 ft. R.D. Worthington 32790 (UTEP, BRCH, UNM). [Det. by S. Jones] Carex capitata L. (Cyperaceae): Taos County: Sangre de Cristo Mts., upper Long Canyon Trail, N36° 37.32' W105° 27.18’, 1 1050 ft, R.D. Worthington 32635 (UTEP, BRCH, UNM). [Det. by S. Jones] Carex garberi Fem. (Cyperaceae): Taos County: Sangre de Cristo Mts, upper Long Canyon Trail, N36° 37.32' W1 05° 27.18', 11050 ft, R.D. Worthington 32636 (UTEP, BRCH, UNM). [Det. by S. Jones]. — Nesom (2004, see Literature Reports) Gamochaeta stagnalis (I.M. Johnston) A. Anderberg (Asteraceae): Hidalgo County: Peloncillo Mts, Granite Gap, occasional on W- facing granitic slope with Ericameria laricifolia, Fouquieria splendens, Agave palmeri, Opuntia phaeacantha var. discata, 21 Apr 1993, L. McIntosh 2665 (NMC). [This specimen was reported in issue 30 as G. rosacea; Guy Nesom has corrected the identification to G. stagnalis. — Chick Keller [4470 Ridgeway, Los Alamos, NM 87544] Viola adunca Small var. bellidifolia (Greene) Harrington [ Viola labradorica Schrank] (Violaceae): Taos County: Trail from Bull of the Woods (above Taos Ski area at Twining) towards Wheeler Peak, R14 E T27N, near tree-line with Engelmann spruce, 1 1,500 ft, 30 June 2004, C.F. Keller 01821 (UNM). [Further specimens will be collected this summer and deposited in other herbaria.] m Botanical Literature of Interest Taxonomy and Floristics Biemer, M.W. 2004. Taxonomy of Hymenoxys subgenus Macdougalia (Asteraceae: Helenieae: Tetraneurinae). Sida21 (2):657-663. Brouillet, L, L. Urbatsch, & R.P. Roberts. 2004. Tonestus kingii and T. aberrans are related to Eurybia and the Machaerantherinae (Asteraceae: Astereae) based on nrDNA (ITS and ETS) data: Reinstatement of Herrickia and a new genus, Triniteurybia. Sida 21 (2):889-900. Grant, V. 2004. Taxonomy of the Polemoniaceae: Gilia and Lathrocasis. Sida 21(2):53 1-546. Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2004. New combinations in North American Caryophyllaceae. Sida 21(2):753-754. Helfgott, D.M. & R.J. Mason-Gamer. 2004. The evolution of North American Elymus (Triticeae, Poaceae) allotetraploids: Evidence from phosphoenolpyruvate carbonxylase gene sequences. Syst. Bot. 29(4):850-861. Ickert-Bond, S.M. & M.F. Wojciechowski. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships in Ephedra (Gnetales): Evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Syst. Bot. 29(4):834-849. Kulshreshtha, S, R. Creamer, & T.M. Sterling. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among New Mexico Astragalus mollissimus varieties and Oxytropis species by restriction fragment analysis. Weed Sci. 52:984-988. [controverts the maintenance of begelovii as a separate species from the rest] Nesom, G.L. 2004. Erigeron peregrinus and Erigeron glacialis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21(2):665-672. Nesom, G.L. 2004. Pseudognaphalium canescens (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and putative relatives in western North America. Sida 2 1 (2):78 1 -789. Nesom, G.L. 2004. New distribution records for Gamochaeta (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in the United States. Sida 21 (2): 1 1 75- 1185. Saltonstall, K. & P.M. Peterson. 2004. Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae: Arundinoideae) in North America: Evidence from morphological and genetic analyses. Sida 2 1 (2):683-692. Semple, J.C. 2004. Miscellaneous nomenclatural changes in Astereae (Asteraceae). Sida 21(2):759-765. [Heterotheca] Simpson, B.B, J.A. Tate, & A. Weeks. 2004. Phylogeny and character evolution of Hoffmannseggia (Caesalpinieae: Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae). Syst. Bot. 29(4):933-946. Sundberg, S.D. 2004. New combinations in North American Symphyotrichum subgenus Astropolium (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 2 1 (2):903-9 1 0. Miscellaneous Dunmire, W.W. 2004. Gardens of New Spain: How Mediterranean Plants and Foods Changed America. Univ. Texas press, Austin. 392 pp. Gravatt, D.A. & J. Taylor. 2004. Description of asexual reproduction in a Texas succulent Sedum wrightii (Crassulaceae). Sida 21(2):943-950. Kress, W.J. 2004. Paper floras: How long will they last? Amer. J. Bot. 91:2124-2127. Levin, D.A. 2004. Ecological speciation: Crossing the divide. Syst. Bot. 29(4):807-816. £3 Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at rio charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MSC Box 3*1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http://web. nmsu.edu/~kallred/herbweb/ Lost: One Groundsel Roger Peterson (New Mexico Natural History Institute, 1750 Camino Corrales, Santa Fe, NM 87505) With thanks to Tim Lowrey Charles Wright's collection that became the type of Senecio millelobatus Rydberg was from "New Mexico; hills on the Limpia," but that area is now in Texas. Martin and Hutchins (A Flora of New Mexico) state that the species is widespread in New Mexico but they give no definite county record. No other primary source has the species in New Mexico, nor do our major herbaria have a specimen. DeWitt Ivey (Flowering Plants of New Mexico) illustrates it handsomely but does not claim that it occurs anywhere but Texas; his model (blooming 1 1 May) came from the Davis Mountains. Debra Trock (1999, dissertation, Kansas State University) treats the species as Packer a mil¬ lelobatus (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & Love. She has it in Texas, Coahuila, and Chihuahua. Other sources have it also in Arizona. Regretfully, until someone comes up with a specimen, we should omit this groundsel from the New Mexico flora. £0 Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service 1/ 'Hcu* 7?tcxicc U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 LUESTERT. MERTZ LIBRARY MAR 2 9 2005 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. - - ■ — — - - - 1 g s New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, - t/> o f religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating: n h & - tf 8 m N»mber33 _ July 11,2005 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Where have all the species gone? . 1 • Malacothrix . 2// • Mistletoes in New Mexico . 3 • Symphoricarpos in New Mexico . 5/ • Plant Reports . 7 • Literature of Interest . . 7 • William Andrew Archer and New Mexico . 8 The Novelty of Novelties...? A recent Associated Press report (June 16, 2005) concerning the discovery of a new species of plant in Arkansas gives the impression that the discovery of new species in North America is a rare occurrence, hence newsworthy to the popular press. New Mexico botanists may be interested to know “the rest of the story.” In fact, the discovery of new species in North America is quite a common event in the botanical world, as evidenced by the fol¬ lowing two abstracts of much fuller reports (used by permission). (ed.) Taxonomic Novelties from North America north of Mexico: A 20-Year Vascular Plant Diversity Baseline Ronald L. Hartman and B. E. Nelson Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 67: 1-59. 1998. ABSTRACT A survey of the literature and the Gray Herbarium Card and Kew indices was performed to determine the number of taxa new to science published in North America north of Mexico from 1975 through 1994. A total of 99 families were represented, although 34 contained 1025 taxa (85.9% of the total). Five genera, Apacheria, Cochiseia, Dedeckera, Shoshonea , and Yermo , and one nothogenus, xDryostichum , were based solely on newly described species. New species and terminal infraspecific taxa were distributed as follows: pteridophytes with 78 (6.5%), gymnosperms with 6 (0.5%), and angiosperms with 1113 (93%) for a sum of 1 197 (59.85 taxa or 27.9 species per year). During this 20-year period, the five-year averages for the publication of new species were 28, 35.6, 26.2, and 30.8. Comparable averages for subspecies and varieties were 7.8 and 14.8; 7 and 16; 5.8 and 17; 7.2 and 14.8, respectively. The total number of new subspecies proposed as terminal taxa was 139 (30.7%), compared to 313 (69.3%) for varieties. Data on species for the period 1955 through 1974 are also provided (32.1 species per year). With the exception of the years 1971 through 1974, when more new species were proposed, the frequency of taxonomic novelties is relatively constant over the 40-year (30 species per year). A total of 505 authors participated in the publication of the 1197 new taxa, although 1 1.8 percent of them authored 703 taxa (59% of total). Ninety-one books and journals were involved, although 36 served as the outlet for 1093 novelties. The new taxa were divided among the following categories of study: floristics, 375 taxa; plants of conservation concern, 33; taxonomy, 703; and biosystematics, 86. The states yielding the greatest number of holo- types were: California, 217; Utah, 183; Texas, 70; Nevada, 63; Arizona, 57; Oregon, 42; New Mexico, 41 [emphasis added]; Florida, 38; Idaho, 33; Wyoming, 32, Colorado, 29, Washing¬ ton, 13, Montana, 12; British Columbia, 9, and Alberta, 3 (Rocky Mountain political entities in bold). Likewise, the leading floristic areas, based on holotypes, were Intermountain, 287; Cali¬ fornia, 217; Rocky Mountain, 131; Southeast, 113; Southwest, 107, Texas, 70, Canada, 62, Northwest, 64, and Northeast 51. It is concluded that the resurgence of biodiversity studies, as well as the efforts of monographers and contributors to regional floristic projects and to Flora of North America (FNA), will help maintain the current level of publication of novelties, but that within the next 1 0 to 15 years the discovery of previously unknown taxa is likely to de¬ crease. (Continued on page 2, Novelties) J^otnnice est ^cientio ^oturalis quae i*yegetnbilium cognitiorem tradit. — nnfleus (Novelties, continued from page l) Stated differently, this is both a reflection of the amount of floristic and taxonomic work being done by state or region as well as the amount of continued investigation warranted. A more extensive discussion of floristic surprises in North America and a review of the justification for floristic research may be found in Ertter (2000) [see next]. Floristic Surprises in North America north of Mexico Barbara Ertter Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 81-109. 2000. ABSTRACT Contrary to recurring perceptions that the flora of North America north of Mexico has been fully explored and cataloged, the rate of ongoing discoveries has remained remarkably constant for much of the last century and shows no evidence of tapering off. This is particularly evident in western and southeastern North America, where dramatic new species and occasional mono- typic genera are still coming to light, even along highways and near major cities. Furthermore, the same level of ongoing discov¬ ery' also characterizes other aspects of floristic information, including the distribution of rare species and the occurrence of inva¬ sive pest plants. The majority of ongoing discoveries are dependent on individuals and organizations operating outside of acade¬ mia, with declining opportunities for formal training in floristics or access to scientific expertise when complex situations are en¬ countered. This situation is connected to the perception of floristics as rote data compilation, when it is in fact better understood in the context of a massive attempt to model biodiversity', resulting in an intricate suite of nested hypotheses that are constantly being tested and modified. The incompleteness of our floristic knowledge takes on critical significance in an era when decisions are being made that will irrevocably determine the fate of our national floristic heritage. The cost of this ignorance can cut multi¬ ple ways, increasing the risk of misplaced mitigation efforts as well as avoidable loss of irreplaceable biodiversity. Although the magnitude of the task is daunting, significant advances are achievable in a collaborative framework, which would yield a vastly improved floristic knowledge base for informed decision-making. Q r i i I * \ A Clarification of some Malacothrix in New Mexico Richard Spellenberg New Mexico State University, MSC Box 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003 Recently, while preparing for a New Mexico Native Plant Society field trip in September at Aguirre Springs in the Organ Moun¬ tains. I was collecting taxa unknown to me or that seemed worthy to add to the Biology Department herbarium (NMC). I encoun¬ tered an Asteraceae that 1 had previously not seen. The plant had only buds and flowers, so a duplicate specimen was sent to Dr. John Strother at UC for identification. Both of us arrived at the genus Malacothrix independently, but were stalled at that point. After I collected a few fruits in June we arrived at Malacothrix stebbinsii, a species previously unreported for the state. This re¬ sulted in a re-examination of specimens at NMC that were the basis of a report for M. sonorae as a new record for New Mexico (Spellenberg et al., 1986. Additions to the Flora of New Mexico, Sida 1 1:455-470). Through the use of keys in F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins, Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert (1964) and W. H. Davis’s key in the treatment of Malacothrix for Flora North America (in press), 1 have arrived at the conclusion that there are two very similar species of Malacotrix in southern New Mexico, one still unreported, distinguished by fruit characteristics reviewed below, and leaf margin features that usually do not show on specimens because they are wilted or withered prior to pressing. Citations of documenting collections follow (at NMC and elsewhere). Those now identified as M. stebbinsii from Catron and Grant counties earlier were used to support the presence of M. sonorae in New Mexico in the 1986 Sida paper, cited above. 1 Malacothrix sonorae W.H. Davis and P.H. Raven (cypsela retains 2 bristles). New Mexico: Luna County': Tres Hermanas Mts., canyon on NE side of South Peak, 27 Apr 1991, Worthington 19127. Malacothrix stebbinsii W.H. Davis and P.H. Raven (cypsela retains 1 bristle). New Mexico: Catron County: Sheridan Gulch trail ca. 6 mi SE of Glenwood. 4 mi from Hwy 1 80, 21 May 1983, Soreng and Ward 2130b: Dona Ana County': NE portion of Organ Mts. at Aguirre Springs Recreation Area. Pine Tree Loop Trail, 29 Apr 2005, Spellenberg and Sweenev 13520: Grant County: Little Hatchet Mts., 5.3 rd. mi. NW of Hachita by Hwy. 9, 24 Apr 1982, Worthington 8157. £□ Mistletoes (Viscaceae) of New Mexico Roger S. Peterson New Mexico Natural History Institute, 1750 Camino Corrales, Santa Fe, NM 87505 [RogPete@aol.com] New Mexico's mistletoes, all native, comprise six species of Arceuthobium (three of them common and widespread) and six of Phoraden- dron (three of them common and widespread). Thanks to decades of fieldwork by the late Frank G. Hawksworth of the Forest Service and Delbert Wiens of the University of Utah, taxonomy and distributions of these species are well known. Here I excerpt mainly from their work to update the treatment in Martin and Hutchins' A Flora of New Mexico. Martin and Hutchins use the family name Loranthaceae. Its subfamily Viscoideae is now treated as a family, Viscaceae. Their Phoraden- dron bolleanum var. bolleanum and Ph. flavescens var. orbiculatum ( Ph . leucarpum) do not occur in New Mexico, and others of their names have changed, at least in the narrowly defined species concepts of Hawksworth and Wiens that I follow here. Kuijt (2003) defines broader species, treating Ph. macrophyllum and Ph. coryae as subspecies of Ph. serotinum and leaving Ph. hawk- sworthii in Ph. bolleanum. At least in the latter instance he seems to ignore major distinctions. Three additional Arceuthobium species are nearby, but given the exhaustive searches by Hawksworth and Robert L. Mathiasen are unlikely to occur in New Mexico. They are A. cyanocarpum parasitizing Pinus flexilis in southern Colorado, A. abietinum on Abies in south¬ eastern Arizona, and A. blumeri on Pinus strobiformis in southeastern Arizona. Phoradendron plants make their own food, taking water and inorganic nutrients from their hosts. Only when infection is heavy or drought is severe do they harm their hosts. Dwarf mistletoes ( Arceuthobium ) take food as well as water from their hosts, eventually killing them. Phoradendron fruits are important food for wildlife and the seeds are distributed mainly in bird droppings. Arceuthobium fruits are dis¬ charged explosively so infection-centers grow centrifugally, the rate determined in part by the length of fruit-flight. Dwarf mistletoes are usually associated with branch proliferations or witches'-brooms. A. douglasii grows systemically in host shoots, causing large brooms in which small mistletoe plants appear throughout. Other dwarf mistletoes are seldom systemic and usually cause more definite, denser, smaller brooms with plants near their bases. Brooms are common also from Phoradendron hawksworthii infections but are unusual in our other Phoradendron species. Birds and squirrels use mistletoe brooms for nesting. Because our mistletoes generally keep to their principal hosts, identifications are easy. In the following key, host relations are those ob¬ served in New Mexico, including departures from usual hosts for A. vaginatum and A. douglasii. Key to the Species in New Mexico 1 Parasites of Pinus, Pseudostuga, Picea, and Abies', stems quadrangular at least when young and usually less than 20 cm long; leafless; berries compressed, colored similarly to shoots, explosive; anthers 1-loculate . Arceuthobium 2 Parasites of Pinus 3 Plants mostly 7-20 cm tall and 2-10 (average 4) mm in basal diameter 4 Shoots greenish brown, fruits glaucous, on Pinus leiophylla in Hidalgo County . A. gillii 4 Shoots yellowish to reddish brown, fruits not glaucous, on other pines elsewhere (principally P. ponderosa and P. arizonica) . . A. vaginatum 3 Plants less than 13 cm tall, 1-4 (averages 1 .8 and 2.0) mm in basal diameter 5 Parasites of white (5-needle) pines; mean plant height 3.5 cm . A. apachecum 5 Parasites of pinyon (1-3 needle) pines; mean plant height 8 cm . A. divaricatum 2 Parasites of Pseudotsuga, Picea, and Abies 6 Plants mostly 2-4 cm tall, throughout brooms in Pseudotsuga and occasionally Abies and rarely Picea . A. douglasii 6 Plants mostly 5-10 cm tall, at bases of small witches'-brooms in Picea . A. microcarpum 6 Plants mostly 5-10 cm tall, at bases of small witches'-brooms in Picea . A. microcarpum (i Continued on page 4, Mistletoes) Jgotang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^innaeus (Mistletoes, continued from page 3) 1 Parasites of woody dicots and Juniperus', stems terete and usually over 15 cm long; leafy or leafless; berry globose, whitish or pink, not explo¬ sive; anthers 2-loculate . Phoradendron 7 Parasites of woody dicots 8 Leaves reduced to minute scales; on leguminous plants . Ph. californicum 8 Leaves more than 1 cm wide; not on legumes 9 Leaves whitish-pubescent, 2-4 cm long, primarily on Ouercus . Ph. coryae 9 Leaves green, glabrous or glabrescent, 3-6 cm long, primarily on Populus, Platanus, Saltx, and Fraxinus, also other woody dicots ... . ' . Ph. macrophyllum 7 Parasites of Juniperus 1 0 Leaves reduced to minute scales . Ph. juniperinum 10 Leaves well developed, about 2 mm wide 1 1 Leaf hairs minute, stellate . Ph. capitellalum 1 1 Leaf hairs simple or none . Ph. hawksworthii Arceuthobium apachecum Hawks. & Wiens. Infects Pinus strobiformis in the Capitan, Gallo, Mangas, Mogollon, and San Mateo mountains and the Black Range. Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelm. Common on Pinus edulis including var .fallax and P. discolor in the western two-thirds of New Mex- | ico (add Dona Ana, Eddy, Luna, and Torrance to counties mapped by Martin and Hutchins). Arceuthobium douglusii Engelm. Common on Pseudotsuga menziesii in the western two-thirds of New Mexico (add Dona Ana and Hidalgo ! to counties mapped by Martin and Hutchins). Occasionally infects Abies species where they grow with Pseudotsuga and rarely also Picea (Mathiasen #8006 in 1980. south of Cloudcroft). Arceuthobium gillii Hawks. & Wiens. On Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana in the Animas Mountains. Arceuthobium microcarpum (Engelm.) Hawks. & Wiens. On Picea pungens and occasionally P. engelmannii in the Mogollon Mountains and near Hay Canyon in the Sacramento Mountains. In Arizona rarely infects Pinus aristata and Abies species. Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawks. & Wiens. Common in the western three-fourths of New Mexico plus Eddy County on Pinus ponderosa and P. arizonica. On P. engelmannii nearby in Arizona. Occasionally infects P. aristata and rarely P strobiformis where these occur with the hard pine hosts. Phoradendron californicum Nutt. Infects Prosopis and Acacia in Guadalupe Canyon and at Granite Gap in the Peloncillo Mountains. At Granite Gap it was killed out by cold in 1978 according to John Hubbard 1981 (Native Plant Society Newsletter), but it has been found anew there j by David Conklin. Phoradendron capitellalum Torr. [Ph. bolleanum var. capitellatum (Torr.) Kearney & Peebles]. Infects Juniperus coahuilensis in Hidalgo, Grant, and Luna counties. Phoradendron coryae Trel. {Ph. villosum subsp. coryae, Ph. serotinum subsp. tomentosum, Ph. havardianum). Infects Quercus species and | much less commonly other shrubs. In southern New Mexico (add Otero to counties mapped by Martin & Hutchins and a 1930 collection is re¬ ported from Albuquerque). Phoradendron hawksworthii Wiens in Wiens and Hawksworth 2002, long recorded as Ph. bolleanum. Infects Juniperus monosperma and J. pinchotii in Doha Ana. Eddy, Lincoln, Otero, and (fide David Conklin) Socorro counties. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. ex A. Gray. Common on all Juniperus species except J. communis in the western four-fifths of New Mexico (unreported in Colfax, De Baca, Mora, and the five easternmost counties). In Arizona also known on Cupressus and Chamaebatiara (Rosaceae). Phoradendron macrophyllum (Engelm.) Cockerell (Ph. fiavescens var. m., Ph. tomentosum var. m., Ph. serotinum var. m., Ph. cockerellii). Most common on Populus'. also on Salix, Platanus, Fraxinus, Alnus, Juglans. and other deciduous trees in southwestern New Mexico (add Catron I to counties mapped by Martin & Hutchins). Gradually extends its range northward in the Rio Grande valley but is eventually killed back in severe I winters. Literature: Ingress to that on Arceuthobium can be gained from Hawksworth and Wiens 1996, U.S. Dept. Agric. Handbook 709: 1-410. That j on Phoradendron can be reached from Wiens and Hawksworth 2002, El Aliso 21: 33-43. and Kuijt. 2003, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 66: 1-643. Thanks for help: Robert L. Mathiasen, Northern Arizona University, and (both Forest Service. USDA) David Conklin, Regional Office, AI- 1 buquerque. and Brian Geils, Rocky' Mountain Research Station. Flagstaff. £0 A Synopsis of Symphoricarpos (Caprifoiiaceae) in New Mexico Kelly W. Allred Range Science Herbarium, Department of Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 Symphoricarpos (snowberry) are branching shrubs with simple, opposite leaves, united petals, inferior ovaries, and berry-like fruits. They are found nearly throughout the state on foothills and mountain slopes, from about 5,000 feet to over 10,000 feet in elevation. Treatments pertinent to New Mexico are summarized in the table below. Wooton & Standley 19151 Jones 19402 Martin & Hutchins 19813 This Synopsis 2005 pauciflorus albus albus var. pauciflorus albus rotundifolius rotundifolius rotundifolius rotundifolius, rotundifolius phase oreophilus oreophilus oreophilus rotundifolius, oreophilus phase utahensis utahensis rotundifolius, utahensis phase palmeri palmeri rotundifolius, utahensis phase occidentalis occidentalis occidentalis longiflorus longiflorus longiflorus microphyllus not mentioned absent from New Mexico ‘Flora of New Mexico, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19:1-794. 1915. 2A monograph of the genus Symphoricarpos, J. Arnold Arboretum 21:201-252. 1940. 3A Flora ofNew Mexico, vol. 2, Vaduz: J. Cramer. 1981. Distinctions among the species are based on pubescence of foliage and twigs and on corolla features. Positive identification requires flowers in many cases, but with experience reasonably accurate determinations may be obtained from vegetative material, based upon the following outline: A. Twigs with conspicuous, dense, straight, spreading, short hairs = rotundifolius B. Leaves tiny, glabrous, lanceolate, glaucous; bark whitish = longiflorus C. Twigs and foliage glabrous = oreophilus D. Leaves large, 3-10 cm long = occidentalis E. Twigs puberulent with incurved hairs = albus and utahensis. These two are impossible to tell apart without flowers. With flowers the distinction is simple and obvious: corollas short, campanulate, with lobes equalling the tube in albus ; and corollas longer, fun- nelform/salverform, with lobes much shorter than the tube in utahensis. Leaf lobing and toothing is quite variable and can occur in nearly all the forms and will not serve to distinguish them (though S. longiflorus seems to be consistently entire). It is not uncommon to find both entire and coarsely toothed or even lobed leaves on the same plant. There is perhaps a tendency to have more toothed and lobed leaves on shaded plants, but this is far from consistent, and many plants in full sun will show abundant lobing. The same seems to be true when comparing long stems of “sucker growth” with shorter, cropped stems: both kinds of stems may bear entire or lobed leaves. One finds significant intergradations among the species, especially within the rotundifolius complex. Leaf and pubescence features in particular are sometimes ambiguous or inconclusive. For this reason, I view S. rotundifolius in an expanded sense, to include several similar taxa: S. oreo¬ philus, S. utahensis, and S. palmeri. One might recognize these at the varietal level, but appropriate epithets are not available for all of the taxa, and I have not wanted to create them. Therefore, I apply the term phase to these well-known forms. Jones (1940) reported Symphoricarpos microphyllus Kunth from New Mexico, based upon Wooton s.n. collected in 1906 from Craters, Valencia County. A duplicate at NMC corresponds unambiguously to S. utahensis, or what I call here S. rotundifolius, the utahensis phase. I therefore exclude S. microphyllus Kunth from New Mexico. (Continued on page 6, Symphoricarpos) Page 6 (Symphoncarpos, Continued from page 5) 1 Young twigs and foliage glabrous 2 Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, usually glaucous, 0.5-1. 5 cm long, 2-5 mm wide; young twigs whitish . S. longiflorus 2 Leaves ovate to orbicular, not glaucous, 1-3 cm long, 8-18 mm wide or more; young twigs usually dark (the oreophilus phase) . . S. rotundifolius 1 Young twigs and foliage variously puberulent to pubescent 3 Corolla campanulate, the lobes as long as the tube 4 Blades mostly 1-3 cm long; style and stamens scarcely exserted from the corolla . S. albus 4 Blades mostly 3-10 cm long; style and stamens noticeably exserted from the corolla . S. occidentalis 3 Corolla funnelform to salverform, the lobes much shorter than the tube 5 Corolla salverform, narrow, about 1 mm wide just below the lobes; leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, usually glaucous, 0.5-1. 5 cm long, 2- 5 mm wide; young twigs whitish . S. longiflorus 5 Corolla funnelform. broader, 2-3 mm wide just below the lobes; leaves ovate to orbicular, glaucous to green, 1-4 cm long, 5-25 mm wide; young fwigs whitish to dark . S. rotundifolius Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) Blake COMMON SNOWBERRY [Symphoricarpos albus (Linnaeus) Blake var. pauciflorus (Robbins ex Gray) Blake, Sym¬ phoncarpos pauciflorus Robbins ex Gray, Symphoricarpos racemosus Michaux var. pauciflorus Robbins ex Gray, Vaccinium album Linnaeus], Twigs puberu¬ lent with short, curved hairs; leaves 1-3 cm long, 8-25 mm wide, at least sparsely short-pilose along the veins; corolla pinkish, campanulate, 5-6 mm long, the lobes about as long as the tube; style and stamens not or scarcely exserted from the corolla. ~ Brushy slopes, canyons, and clear¬ ings in the mountains and foothills, 7,000-8,000 ft. We are on the western edge of its range, and this species is known from only four scattered collections in the state. It is frequent on the eastern slopes and plains in Colorado, but absent on the western (Weber & Wittmann. Colorado Flora. 2001). Without flowers it is easily confused with the very common utahensis phase of Symphoricarpos rotundifolius. Symphoricarpos longiflorus Gray DESERT SNOWBERRY [Symphoricarpos fragrans Nelson & Kennedy], Twigs glabrous to sparsely puberulent, whitish and contrasting with the green-glaucous foliage; leaves 5-15 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, mostly glabrous but also sparsely puberulent; co¬ rolla pinkish, salverform, narrow, 9-12 mm long, about 1 mm wide just below the limb, glabrous within, the lobes much shorter than the tube; style and stamens included. ~ Desert scrub communities in the southern foothills, 5,000-6,600 ft. Small green-glaucous leaves contrasting with whitish twigs are distinctive, as well as the narrow salverform corolla. Symphoricarpos occidentalis Flooker WESTERN SNOWBERRY. Twigs puberulent with short, curved hairs; leaves 2.5-1 1 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, ovate, thick and somewhat leather}' when mature, rarely glabrous; corolla campanulate, 6-9 mm long, the lobes as long as the tube; style and stamens shortly exserted from the corolla. ~ Barely entering New Mexico in Colfax County, in moist canyons and rocky ravines in the foothills and mountain slopes, 6,700-8,200 ft. The large, thick leaves and short, campanulate corolla can hardly be confused with any of the other species. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray MOUNTAIN SNOWBERRY. Twigs glabrous to puberulent, the hairs straight to curved; leaves 1-4 cm long, 5- 25 mm wide, glabrous to puberulent-pilose; corolla tubular-funnelform, 9-13 mm long, 2-3 mm wide just below the limb, pilose to nearly gla¬ brous within, the lobes much shorter than the tube; style and stamens included. ~ Widespread throughout the state in the mountains and foothills, in a wide variety' of habitats and terrain, 5,800-10,200 ft. As treated herein, this species encompasses wide-ranging variation, some of which has received taxonomic status at the species level, but much of which is simply intergradations among numerous forms. The following key relies upon extremes of variation; intervening conditions are not uncommon. a Twigs and usually the foliage glabrous; corolla tube sparsely pilose to glabrous within. ..the oreophilus phase [Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray], a Twigs and foliage variously pubescent; corolla tube usually densely pilose within b Hairs on the twigs spreading, ± straight, conspicuous.. .the rotundifolius phase b Hairs on the twigs appressed or incurved, less conspicuous.. .the utahensis phase [Symphoricarpos microphyllus of NM reports, not Kunth, Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray var. utahensis (Rydberg) A. Nelson, Symphoricarpos palmeri G.N. Jones, Symphoricarpos utahensis Rydberg], Many thanks to the curators and directors of the herbaria at the University of New Mexico (UNM) and New Mexico State University (NMC, NMCR), who gener¬ ously allowed me unrestricted access to their specimens and resources. Lynda Allred helped record distribution data. The maps below give only county-level distributions; a complete list of specimens examined is available upon request. S. albus S. longiflorus S. occidentalis S. rotundifolius S. rotundifolius S. rotundifolius rotundifolius phase oreophilus phase utahensis phase w Page 7 W n Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Robert C. Sivinski [P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] & Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Amsinckia menziesii (Lehmann) A. Neson & J.F. Macbride var. intermedia (Fischer & Meyer) Ganders (Boraginaceae): Hidalgo County, east bajada of Peloncillo Mts, Doubtful Canyon arroyo, T22S R21W Sec 34 SE1/4, 31 Mar 2005, Sivinski 5961 (UNM); Hidalgo County, east bajada of Peloncillo Mts, Rustler Draw, T23S R21 W Sec 1 1 SW1/4. 31 Mar 2005. Sivinski 5967 (UNM1: east face of large mountain 2.5 air miles north of Steins Peak, 5100-5500 ft, steep canyon draining east, igneous substrate, 10 Apr 2005, Worthington 33068 (NMCR, UTEP). Astragalus eremiticus Sheldon (Fabaceae): Hidalgo County: 4.5 mi NE of Virden on the Riley Peaks, T18S R20E Sec 29 NE1/4, 4470 ft, 22 Mar 1984, R.S. Peterson 84-85 (NMC, UNM); 5 air miles NE of Virden, Riley Peaks, T18S R20W Sec 9 NW1/4; 6 April 1986, R. Spellenberg. N. Zucker and J. Zimmerman 8401 (NMC, UNM); On gullies, bluffs along south bank of Gila River opposite Virden, 4 May 1986, R.C. Barneby 18083 (NMC, UNM); Ca 3 air miles NE of Virden, Mexican Canyon, T18S R20W Sec 30 NE1/4, 1290 m, 31 March 2005, R, Sivinski 5954 (UNM). [These records document old and new collections of this species, omitted from our lists.] — Kelly Allred [MSC Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Cirsium arizonicum (Gray) Petrak var. rothrockii (A. Gray) Keil (Asteraceae): Hidalgo County: Peloncillo Mts, Clanton Draw, 5500 fit, 3 Sep 1982, Bob Hutchins 10512 (UNM). [det. by David Keil] *Gypsophila scorzonerifolia Seringe (Caryophyllaceae): In issue 3 1 I reported Gypsophila paniculata Linnaeus, based on Wagner & Sabo 3233 (NMC). The recent treatment of Caryophyllaceae in Flora North America (vol. 5 pt. 2) listed G. scorzonerifolia for NM, but not G. paniculata, leading me to recheck the specimen in question. The specimen is indeed G. scorzonerifolia, having clasping leaf blades and glandular pedicels and calyces. Rumex stenophyllus Ledebour (Polygonaceae): Lincoln County: Corona Ranch of New Mexico State University, south headquarters, sandy ground, 6295 ft, 20 June 1998, A.C. Forbes 332 (NMCR). Paronychia pulvinata A. Gray (Caryophyllaceae): This species was reported for NM from alpine slopes in Martin & Hutchins (1980. A Flora of New Mexico), but the recent treatment in FNA omits it from the state. To avoid confusion, I offer here two validating specimens; perhaps there are more at UNM: Mora County: 0.5 mi ese of Chimayoso Peak, alpine zone in rocky ground, 12040 ft, 13 July 1998, D. Atwood 24145 (NMC). Taos County: ca. 2 mi n of Wheeler Peak, 1/4 mi s of Frazer Mt, 11870 ft, 19 Aug 1980, R. Soreng 1459 (NMC). — Jim McGrath [20 Robin Court, Edgewood, NM 87015] Carex deweyana Schweinitz (Cyperaceae): Taos County: about 1.5 miles northwest of Santa Barbara Campground, Carson National Forest, NW /4 sec.36 , T22N, R12E, UTM: 0444109E, 3995287N, edge of 4-foot wide feeder stream to Rio Santa Barbara in partly shaded mixed conifer forest, with Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies concolor, Picea pungens, Ranunculus sp. Geum macrophyllum, Carex microptera, Viola sp., deep black soil, 8600 feet (2620 m), June 24, 2004, Jim McGrath 596 (MICH, UNM). [Det. by A. Reznicek] — Richard Spellenberg [New Mexico State University, MSC Box 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Malacotlirix stebbinsii W. H. Davis and P. H. Raven (Asteraceae): Catron County: Sheridan Gulch trail ca. 6 mi SE of Glenwood, 4 mi from Hwy 180, 21 May 1983, Soreng and Ward 2130b (NMC); Dona Ana County: NE portion of Organ Mts. at Aguirre Springs Recreation Area, Pine Tree Loop Trail, 29 Apr 2005, Spellenberg and Sweeney 13520 (NMC); Grant County: Little Hatchet Mts., 5.3 rd. mi. NW of Hachita by Hwy. 9, 24 Apr 1982, Worthington 8157 (NMC). [see article on p. 2 of this issue] Melampodium longicorne A. Gray (Asteraceae): Grant County: North of Silver City along NM Hwy 35 near junction with NM Hwy 15 [near 33*02'28"N, 108*12'58"W; elev. ca. 5000 ft], along fencerow at Gray Feather's Lodge, 22 Aug 2003, W. W. Holland 10491 (NMC). — David Bleakly [3813 Monroe NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110] *Torilis arvensis (Hudson) Link (Umbelliferae): Eddy County: edge of Eagle Draw, downstream of the main city park in Artesia, 1 0 June 2005, David Bleakly 5188 (UNM). ’ CQ Botanical Literature of Interest Taxonomy and Floristics Adams, R.P. 2004. Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. Trafford Publ. Co., Vancouver (www.trafford.com). Gaskin, J.F. & P.B. Shaffoth. 2005. Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) in the southwestern USA determined from DNA sequence data. Madrono 52(1):1-10. Gillespie, L.J. & R.J. Soreng. 2005. A phylogenetic analysis of the bluegrass genus Poa based on cpDNA restriction site data. Sys. Bot. 30(1 ):84- 1 04. Harrington, M.G., K.J. Edwards, S.A. Johnson, M.W. Chase, & P.A. Gadek. 2005. Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequences. Syst. Bot. 30(2):366- 382. [proposes the merger of Sapindaceae, Hippocastanaceae, and Aceraceae] Henderson, A. 2005. The methods of herbarium taxonomy. Syst. Bot. 30(2):456-469. Schwarzbach, A.E. & J.W. Kadereit. 1999. Phytogeny of prickly poppies, Argemone (Papaveraceae), and the evolution of morphological and alkaloid characters based on ITS nrDNA sequence variation. Plant Syst. Evol. 218:257-279. Wagner, W.L. 2005. Systematics of Oenothera Sections Contortae, Eremia, and Ravenia (Onagraceae). Syst. Bot. 30(2):332- 356. Miscellaneous Clark, S.L. & S.W. Hallgren. 2004. Can oaks be aged from bud scars? Southwestern Naturalist 49(2):243-246. Gibbens, R.P., R.P. McNeely, K.M. Havstad, R.F. Beck, & B. Nolen. 2005. Vegetation changes in the Jornada Basin from 1858 to 1998. J. Arid Envir. 61:651-668. Scott, P.E. 2004. Timing of Agave palmeri flowering and nectar¬ feeding bat visitation in the peioncillos and Chiricahua mountains. Southwestern Naturalist 49(4):425-434. £Q Publication and Subscription information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Aliped The New Mexico Botanist M5C Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// web.nmsu.edu/~kallred/herbweb/ Roots (or hyphae...?) Olga Reifschneider (Biographies of Nevada Botanists, 1844-1963, publ. 1964) and Roger Peterson (our friend in Santa Fe) have helped bring to light this interesting connection to New Mexico botanical history — William Andrew Archer (known as Andy) was bom No¬ vember 7, 1894, in Torreon, Mexico, where he lived until his parents returned to the United States to farm at Brazito, New Mexico. Brazito is about five miles south of Las Cruces. He attended New Mexico College of Agricultural & Mechanic Arts (now NMSU) before and after WWI, and his senior thesis of 1920 was “The Fungi of New Mexico.” He continued his studies at the University of Michigan, receiving the Ph.D. in mycology in 1926. In 1934 he obtained a position with the U.S. National Arboretum, being curator of the herbarium from 1934 to 1959. Among other research accomplishments, he is well-known for his contributions toward a published manual of the flora of Nevada. He died in 1973. CQ Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service w U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University 7 6e 7tav THexiaa Las Cruces, NM 88003 SatanM LUESTER T. MERTZ LIBRAPv JUL 2 6 2005 NEW YUr\r\ botanical garden 1 William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx. NY 10458-5126. U.S. A. 1^ - ■— i m o -n o -n fi V) New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color,J ^ religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. $ — tr: erti W 7k 1 '' ** A ■ mber 34 A Newsletter for the f lora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • E.L. Greene . 1 • Plant Reports . 7 S LO Ninety Years After Greene Eugene Jercinovic P.O. Box 246, Torreon, NM 87061 The name of Edward Lee Greene (1843 - 1915) must certainly be familiar to anyone involved with the botany of New Mexico. The name resounds throughout American botany, sometimes with the ring of a dynamic pioneer of plant science, sometimes with the strident dissonance of a man out of step with his peers. Few figures in the history of the science are more colorful and controversial. Greene spent consid¬ erable time in New Mexico where some of his best work was accomplished. His first extended stay in Silver City so impressed him that he published a fascinating account in The American Naturalist in March 1878. His description of what is now known as Astragalus allochrous immortalizes a quintessen¬ tial image of southwestern New Mexico. “The other is also an Astragalus (A. trifloris Gray), producing almost white and very thin membranous pods of oblong shape. These when mature fall from the stem without opening to discharge their seeds, and are tossed about over the plains by every wind; sometimes lying in heaps under the lee of bushes and tufts of grass or other herbage. These harmless toys of the winds had, before I was accustomed to their ways, to my nerves, a singular little faculty of suggesting evil, the effect of which might slightly have amused a witness, had there been one. The weed gatherer on these plains needs to be always on the look-out for rattlesnakes; one of these reptiles may be lying coiled up under or near by any plant which he steps aside to exam¬ ine or collect. The warning rattle is a sound he is familiar with. Now while he bends over some novel and interesting plant, absorbed in contemplating its peculiarities, or busily prepar¬ ing specimens of it for his port-folio, let a passing breeze set in motion one of these bladdery capsules, and as it tumbles near with its detached seeds rattling within, ten to one he will be startled with the idea that a serpent is at his heels. The sound of the rattlesnake is very per¬ fectly reproduced by the moving dry astragalus pod and seeds.” His Life Edward Lee Greene was bom on August 20, 1 843 in Hopkinton, Rhode Island, about thirty miles southwest of Providence. Even as a young child, he displayed an attraction to plants. One of his earliest books was Mrs. Lincoln’s Lectures on Botany (Mrs. Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, 1 842), which intro¬ duced lessons in botany in a strongly religious context, foreshadowing the interplay of these domains in Greene’s life. In 1855 the family moved to Illinois and soon thereafter to Albion in southern Wisconsin. In 1859, Greene began studies at the Albion Academy, a coeducational institution with essentially collegiate standing at this time. The Academy, founded by Seventh Day Baptists, had a distinct religious emphasis. In 1860, Greene met Thure Kumlien, a Swedish naturalist who had graduated from the Uni¬ versity of Uppsala (the alma mater of Linnaeus), who, though more interested in ornithology, was well versed in the study of plants. Groups of Albion students took field trips with Kumlien, who lived nearby. Kumlien greatly stimulated Greene’s fascination with plants and awakened an interest in classical and modem languages which Greene maintained throughout his life. Greene’s association with Kumlien con¬ tinued until Kumlien’s death in 1888. In August 1862, Greene, along with his father and two brothers, joined the Thirteenth Wisconsin In¬ fantry of the Union Army. Although he saw little actual combat, his stint in the army took him through Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama where he continued examining and collecting plants. He carried with him Alphonso Wood’s Class Book of Botany. Greene was not a committed military man and preferred tramping about in search of plants in his spare time. He was disturbed by the gambling and what he con¬ sidered to be the general moral depravity of his fellow soldiers. He never rose above the rank of private. He served until July 13, 1865. (Continued on page 2, Greene) J^otanice est ^cieotin nlis quite ^Jegetfibilium cognitiotrm rradtt. — ^/itimncus jfr'J&i ( Greene , continued from page 1) After his release from the army, he returned to the Academy, graduating with a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1866. With credentials in hand he began teaching in rural Illinois communities near Decatur. Greene found his students enjoyable and reasonably well-behaved. He was able to earn fifty’ to eighty dollars a month. He continued his pursuit of plants and dabbled in other aspects of natural science such as taxidermy. He boarded with local families. In one case, he lived with a German family long enough to master the language suffi¬ ciently to be hired to teach it at the Albion Academy in 1869. Dis¬ agreement with the school’s administration, however, precipitated a rapid resignation, and his return to Illinois. By early 1 870, Greene re¬ kindled an idea he had originally conceived while in the army to make his home west of the Missis¬ sippi River. He contacted both Asa Gray in Cam¬ bridge and George Engel- mann in St. Louis to obtain appropriate literature for his botanical researches in the west. Gray and Engelmann were supportive and ex¬ pressed interest in speci¬ mens. By April, Greene had arrived in the Denver area. He spent the summer of 1 870 exploring and collecting plants in the Denver area. In the fall his latent spirituality reawakened. Greene was raised in a Baptist family, although not in an environment of devout passion. He had been a Methodist in Illinois. In Colorado he decided to become much more serious about his religious side. He visited the Bishop of the Episcopal Church in Denver and by early 1871 had decided to un¬ dertake the dual roles of teacher of botany and candidate for the holy order at the recently established seminary, Jarvis Hall in Golden, Colorado. In September 1871 he was admitted to the Sacred Order of Deaconry and took charge of a congregation in Greeley, Colorado. At the end of January 1873 Greene was ordained a priest and became the pastor of a church in Pueblo, Colorado. Greene’s botanical pursuits were somewhat reduced during this period. He did, however, continue correspondence with Gray. In 1872 when Gray was planning a visit to Colorado, he invited Greene to come along. Gray and Greene met on August 10, 1872 at Empire City, Colorado. On August 12 Greene joined Gray, Charles Christo¬ pher Parry and others in a climb of Parry’s Peak and two days later, August 14, a climb of Gray’s Peak. He described Gray as “most de¬ lightful.” This adventure enabled Greene to develop a friendship and correspondence with Parry. In February' 1874 Greene assumed pastorship of a church in Vallejo California, not far from San Francisco. By April 1875 he was back in Colorado as rector of a church in Georgetown. In March 1 876 he had moved to Yreka, California as a missionary'. In the spring of 1 877 Greene took a trip through Arizona and into south¬ western New Mexico. He stayed in the Silver City’ area through the summer, fascinated with the Mogollon Mountains. Greene’s visit to Silver City was noted in the Silver City Independent October 3, 1933. In an article reviewing the history of the parish on its sixtieth anni¬ versary Dr. Ross Calvin, rector, stated: “After a sojourn of some months, this unusual clergyman [Rev. Barstow, a clergyman from Las Cruces] was fol¬ lowed by another still more unusual, the Rev. Edward Lee Green (sic), who according to the record ‘came unexpect¬ edly into town, walking and botanizing - all the way from San Diego, California.’ He had an appointment from the U. S. government to collect desert plant life for the Centen¬ nial Exposition then going on in Philadelphia. He settled in the town, says the Parish Register, without any authoriza¬ tion from the Bishop, held services for a few months, and then passed on.” Upon his departure, the June 30, 1877 Silver City Herald re¬ ported: “We regret to announce that the Rev. Mr. Greene will leave us in the early part of the week. Mr. Greene was the recipient of a purse of $125 from citizens who appreciate his disinterested services here in the cause of religion.” After leaving Silver City', Greene relo¬ cated to Creswell, Colorado where he stayed until 1 879. During this period he continued to collect and study plants in Colorado, but also made forays into New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico. In early 1880 Greene decided to return to Silver City' arriving on February 21. The Reverend was listed in the 1880 Silver City census. He stayed in the area for about a year, ministering to his flock and extensively botan¬ izing the Mogollon Mountains, the Pinos Altos Range and surround¬ ing areas. He began describing New Mexico plants in John Merle Coulter’s Botanical Gazette in 1880. In the spring of 1881, Greene undertook a new mission as rector of St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in Berkeley, California. He left Silver City in May. With his arrival in California came changes in his attitudes. He began to drift away from Episcopal doctrine towards Roman Catholi¬ cism. By 1883 half his congregation was gone. The Episcopal Bishop told Greene to resign or be fired. Eventually Greene was locked out of the church. A tale remains of Greene flanked by the re¬ maining faithful marching down the street with ax in hand to break down the doors of St. Marks. He resigned his ministry in late 1 883 and in 1884 became a lay Roman Catholic. Virtually coincident with this religious change, Greene began to develop a more adversarial re¬ lationship with Gray and other eastern botanists. He began determin¬ ing plants for western botanists. Parry supplied specimens. Henry Hurd Rusby collected for Greene in the higher Mogollon Mountains. John Gill Lemmon also sent plants to Greene. In September 1882 he began a course of lectures at the University of California. Greene be¬ gan publishing names for California plants in the Botanical Gazette in 1 883. He became curator of the herbarium at the California Acad¬ emy of Sciences. In 1885 Greene was formally appointed as an in¬ structor in botany at the University of California. In the same year he was formally received into the Roman Catholic Church. Greene had found his niche. By 1891, he had become a full pro¬ fessor. In 1 890-9 1 , the university' established a separate botany de¬ partment. Greene was the chair. In 1887 he established the journal Pittonia at his own expense. He became established as an authority on taxonomic botany. In 1 892, he was one of only three American representatives (with J.M. Coulter and Nathaniel Lord Britton) to the International Committee on Botanical Nomenclature. In 1893 he was elected president of the Botanical Congress in Madison, Wisconsin. In 1894, he received an honorary LL.D. from the University of Notre Dame. With Greene, however, success would somehow always be accompanied by controversy. His divisions with other botanists wid¬ ened. He became an aggressive advocate for nomenclatural reform. He became embroiled in procedural and philosophical issues with the president of the University'. Thus, in 1 894, Greene accepted a profes¬ sorship in botany at the Catholic University' in Washington, D.C. There, he continued his pursuit of new rules for botanical no¬ menclature and to produce publications, over 175 during his tenure at the University'. He had only a small number of students. The School of Biological Sciences consisted of a single person, Edward Lee Greene, Professor of Botany. The school was mired in financial problems and administrative disarray. It was inevitable that Greene ( Continued on page 3, Greene) (Greene, continued from page 2) would become entangled with the problems of the administration and trustees in defense of his tiny department. In November 1 903 he in¬ formed the administration that he was resigning effective September 1904. He had carried his vast library of over 4000 volumes and his extremely valuable herbarium with him from California. These were transferred to the Smithsonian Institution under an agreement to leave them for ten years. Greene became an unsalaried associate and was granted working space. At this point, Greene’s emphasis shifted from taxonomy and systematics to the history of botany. His work was supported by a grant of fifty dollars a month from the Smithsonian, curiously about the same amount he was able to earn in his first Illinois rural teaching jobs. Greene’s theological training and his own profound interest in languages gave him good fluency in Greek and Latin, but he also was quite literate in German, Italian, and Norwegian among others. This linguistic facility allowed him to work from original sources at the Smithsonian and in the Surgeon General’s Office. By 1907, the first volume of his projected multivolume study was completed, which was published in 1909 as Landmarks of Botanical History, Part I. Work on the second part occupied the remainder of Greene’s tenure at the Smithsonian, but it was never completed. He produced a hand¬ written copy of the work in progress. A typewritten copy was pro¬ duced by the Smithsonian in 1936. The work was first published in 1983. These two volumes are recognized as a significant contribu¬ tion to the early history of botany in the period from Theophrastus of Eresus to the seventeenth century. Greene began to wonder about his future even early on at the Smithsonian. In 1907 he was in contact with an ex-student from the Catholic University who had become Professor of Botany at the Uni¬ versity of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Greene expressed in¬ terest in moving there. He began visiting the school in 1909. In 1912, he contacted the President offering to bring his library and her¬ barium to Notre Dame if provided living quarters and a small annu¬ ity. By late 1914, all arrangements were complete and Greene’s agreement with the Smithsonian had expired. He arrived with books and plants in South Bend in the spring of 1915. In October he re¬ turned to Washington intending to work on his history of botany. He fell ill. When his condition worsened, he entered Providence Hospi¬ tal , where he died on November 10, 1915. A Perspective Contentions that Greene strongly influenced the course of bot¬ any in the United States, that he had a powerful effect on botanical nomenclature, that he was a prodigious collector and describer of plants, that he was an important contributor to the emergence of a western school of botany in the U. S., are indisputable. Assertions that he refused the judgments of others, that he was quick to dismiss and sarcastically decry the work of peers, that he felt his capabilities of observation were superior to those of other botanists, and that he did not work smoothly with others, are hardly deniable. Few could provoke the wrath of enemies as effectively as Greene. In a letter to Gray December 3, 1887, Coulter states: “What in the world is going to become of us with Greene stirring up synonymy with a pitchfork? His PittoniaNo. 2 wh[ich] you review ... is bad enough; but has Pittonia No. 3 come to your hands? It reads like the work of a crazy man, at least one lost to all sense of propriety. Is he not a second j Rafinesque?” In a letter to Sereno Watson on June 12, 1890, Coulter (discussing Greene) continues: “If he could only quietly pass away in one of his apoplectic fits, how much better for American botany!” One of Greene’s most acerbic foes, Marcus E. Jones, on Greene’s death wrote: “Greene, the pest of systematic botany, has gone and relieved us from his botanical drivel. They say that the good that men do lives after them, but the evil is interred with their bones. I suspect that his grave must have been a big one to hold it all.” Greene was not without friends and supporters. C. C. Parry was a lifetime friend and correspondent. Greene’s most famous student Willis Linn Jepson and others in the emerging California botanical community agreed with many of Greene’s positions. Michael Schenk Bebb and N.L. Britton were also supporters. During his time in the west before his move to Washington D. C., Greene was a dedicated field botanist. His physical stature and fitness gave him the ability to cover great distances. He commonly walked fifty miles in a day. He felt that a true understanding of plants could only be gained in the field and that “closet” botanists could not possibly understand the subtle differences between plants observed while alive. Although well trained in standard botanical methods, he certainly applied his own techniques. He even used smell as a criterion and in one case “indescribable grace” to differen¬ tiate species. His religious fervor gave him a tendency to believe in the fixity of species. He did not formally reject evolution, nor did he study the subject or its implications. Greene gained the reputation of being a splitter, naming numerous new species. The tradition that all plants needed to be sent to Cambridge for determination produced resent¬ ment in Greene (and others in the west). He sent plants to Gray but came to disagree with some of his conclusions. As Joseph Ewan puts it: “Perhaps as much as anything a lack of comprehensive knowledge of evolutionary theory and a consequent inability to evaluate plant variations as others did, accounted for most of the differences be¬ tween Gray and Greene.” Greene was joined by Albert Kellogg and other Californian botanists in the belief that Californian plants should be examined, classified, and published by resident scholars, but east¬ ern botanists were uncertain about the proliferation of new plants. At the same time, while Greene was in his botanical prime, he began to develop strong feelings that the rules of botanical nomencla¬ ture were inconsistent and deeply in need of change. He was an ab¬ solute believer in priority, which motivated him to collect ancient sources and to become an ardent student of botanical history. He felt that the practice of initiating priority with the arrival of Linnaean bi¬ nomials was wholly arbitrary, advocating consideration of Greek, Roman, and medieval authors. In his 1894 Manual of the Botany of San Francisco Bay, he chose some generic names attributed to some pre-Linnaean authors. Greene also strongly objected to the “Kew Rule,” which allowed a taxonomist upon transferring a plant to a new genus to ignore the previous species epithet. N. L. Britton, at the nascent New York Botanical Garden, held similar convictions, lead¬ ing a faction in the east advocating strict adherence to priority and against the taxonomy of Gray, Hooker, and Bentham. The efforts of Greene and Britton eventually led to the controversial Rochester Code of 1892. Before Greene left California his botany was at its height. After arriving in Washington D.C., he himself became a “closet” botanist and the quality of his work diminished. In the words of Rogers McVaugh: “...like many others before him he began to see species in (i Continued on page 4, Greene) Jgotang is the natural science that transmits the Un owledge of plants. — ^/Jinnaeus (Greene, continued from page 3) the herbarium his contemporaries could not see in nature.’' In 1983 McVaugh did a study of Greene’s taxonomic pronouncements. During his California period Greene created an average of about 90 new specific names per year. In Washington D.C. Greene’s yearly production was more than double that in California. Greene proposed a total of about 3000 new specific names. McVaugh prepared a detailed analysis of Greene’s California work based on the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club from 1881 to 1886 and the Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences ( 1885 - 86). McVaugh shows about 300 new names, 242 for new species. About two-thirds are Californian. The results are summarized in the following table from Landmarks of Botanical History, Part I, p. 60: Source Currently accepted unchanged Accepted in another genus Accepted as variety or subspecies Doubtful Synonyms Total Percent of valid taxa California 60 24 26 5 44 159 69% Baja CA 14 6 6 6 7 39 70% New Mexico 12 - - - 6 18 67% Arizona 7 1 1 - 4 13 70% Various 6 - 3 - 4 13 70% New combs 14 33 4 4 6 61 - Greene’s percentages of valid taxa are quite respectable for this period. An interesting parallel occurs in Paul Carpenter Standlcy’s The Type Localities of Plants First Described from New Mexico (1910). Standley lists type localities, collectors, and authors for 714 species. Greene collected 52 species and described a total of 171 (second only to Asa Gray with 173). Standley’s data is summarized in the table below: Accepted New genus Varietal status Subspecies status Synonym Total 1 895 or before 19 5 1 - 16 41 After 1895 22 6 11 2 89 130 Of the 41 species described by Greene in or before 1895, 25 (61%) are valid taxa using McVaugh’s standards. Of the 41, 34 were collected by Greene. Of the 130 species described after 1895. only 41 (31.5%) remain valid. While the number ofNew Mexico’s species Greene described more than tripled, the quality of his botany deteriorated after his arrival in Washington D.C. A more general picture of Greene’s impact on New Mexico’s botany is gained by analysis of A Working Index ofNew Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Greene appears as author on 401 species, spanning 163 genera in 48 families. Their taxonomic status is illustrated in the table below. Generic revisions by Greene are not considered. Taxonomic Status of Greene’s Species Accepted New genus Varietal status Subspecies status Synonym Other 81 29 46 8 234 3 Again, using McVaugh’s standards for valid taxa, 167 remain valid (41.6 %.) This percentage seems a fair reflection of Greene’s place in botany, somewhere between the powerful work of his California days and his decline after moving east in 1895. A Working Index also gives other impressions of Greene’s New Mexico work. He proposed ten species in his Schmaltzia (now Rhus trilobata). seven are reduced to synonymy. Greene named one quarter of the state’s Senecios. He did no treatment of ferns, pines, junipers, ephedras, evening primroses or willows. He did not describe a single species in Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae or Poaceae. Greene’s contribution will probably be debated for many years, and he will certainly not be forgotten. His disputes with the established prac¬ tices and personalities of botany produced change as well as controversy. Possibly the best assessment of Greene is given by Charles E. Bessey in a letter to Greene on March 2, 1910: “I have a great leaning towards any man who has something of heresy in him. . .You have dared to be origi¬ nal and that is what pleasures me immensely.” References Allred. K.W. 2004. A Working Index ofNew Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Range Science Herbarium. New Mexico State University7. Dupree, A.H. 1959. Asa Gray. Harvard University Press. (Continued on page 5, Greene, (Greene, continued from page 4) Ewan, J. 1950. Rocky Mountain Naturalists. University of Denver Press. Greene, E.L. 1878. Rambles of a Botanist in New Mexico. The American Naturalist. March 1878 Greene, E.L. (F.N. Egerton,ed.). 1983. Landmarks of Botanical History, Parts 1 and II. Stanford University Press Humphrey, H.B. 1961. Makers of North American Botany. The Ronald Press Company. Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins. 1980. A Flora of New Mexico, Vol. 1 - 2. A.R. Gantner Verlag K. G. (J. Cramer). McVaugh, R. 1983. Edward Lee Greene: An Appraisal of His Contribution to Botany, Landmarks of Botanical History, Part I, pp 54 - 84, F. N. Egerton, ed. Stanford University Press. Rodgers, A.D. 1944 American Botany 1873 - 1892: Decades of Transition. Princeton University Press. Rodgers, A.D. 1944. John Merle Coulter: Missionary in Science. Princeton University Press. Standley, P.C. 1910. The Type Localities of Plants First Described from New Mexico. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 143 - 246. Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1972. Reprints of U.S. Floras, Flora of New Mexico. Wheldon & Wesley, Ltd. Stechert-Hafuer Agency, Inc. ffl Original Greene Names of Plants Found in New Mexico (left) and Their Current Disposition (right) Abroma angustifolia Abronia angustifolia Bebbia juncea var. aspera Bebbia juncea var. aspera Abronia camea Tripterocalyx cameus Berberia nana Berberis repens Acer neomexicanus Acer glabrum var. neomexicanum Bidens cognata Bidens tenuisecta Achillea subalpina Achillea millefolium Bidens glaucescens Bidens cernua Aconitum arizonicum Aconitum columbianum subsp. columbianum Bidens prionophylla Bidens cemua Aconitum bakerii Aconitum columbianum subsp. columbianum Callisteris collina lpomopsis aggregata subsp. collina Aconitum mogollonicum Aconitum columbianum subsp. columbianum Carduus scopulorus Cirsium scopulorum Aconitum robenianum Aconitum columbianum subsp. columbianum Castilleja confusa Castilleja miniata Actaea viridiflora Actaea rubra subsp. arguta Castilleja lineata Castilleja lineata Actinea arizonica Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica Ceanothus mogollonicus Ceanothus integerrimus Actmea ivesiana Tetraneuris ivesiana Cedronella rupestris Agastache rupestris Agoseris arizonica Agoseris arizonica Cerastium oreophilum Cerastium arvense subsp. striclum Agoseris aurantiaca Agoseris gracilens Cerastium scopulorum Cerastium arvense subsp. strictum Agoseris graminifolia Agoseris graminifolia Chaptalia alsophila Leibnitzia seemannii Agoseris laciniata Agoseris glauca Chaptalia texana Chaptalia texana Alisma brevipes Alisma triviale Cheirinia asperrima Erysimum capitatum var. purshii Allocarya scopulorum Plagiobothrys scouleri var. hispidulous Cheimia arida Erysimum capitatum var. purshii Amaranthus viscidulus Amaranthus viscidulus Cheimia bakeri Erysimum capitatum var. purshii Amarella scopulorum Gentianella amarella Chrysopsis berlandiera Heterotheca canescens Amelanchier bakeri Amelanchier utahensis Chrysopsis fulcrata Heterotheca fulcrata Amelanchier crenata Amelanchier utahensis Chrysopsis hirsutissima Heterotheca villosa var. minor Amelanchier polycarpa Amelanchier alnifolia Chrysothamnus confinis Ericameria nauseosa subsp. nauseosa var. graveolens Amelanchier rubescens Amelanchier utahensis Chrysothamnus elegans Ericameria nauseosa subsp. consimilis var. arta Anaphahs margaritacea var. occidentalis Anaphalis margaritacea Chrysothamnus formosus Ericameria nauseosa subsp. nauseosa var. speciosa Androsace pinetorum Androsace septentrionalis Chrysothamnus junceus Ericameria nauseosa subsp. consimilis vat. juncea Antennaria aprica Antennaria parvifolia Chrysothamnus linifohus Ericameria linifolia Antennaria fendleri Antennaria marginata Chrysothamnus pinifolius Ericameria nauseosus subsp. consimilis var. arta Antennaria marginata Antennaria marginata Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus subsp. linifohus Ericameria hnifolia Antennaria media Antennaria media Cicuta occidentalis ' Cicuta maculata Antennaria peramoena Antennaria marginata Cirsium perennans Cirsium undulatum Antennaria rosea Antennaria microphylla Cirsium pulchellum Cirsium calcareum Apocynum ambigens Apocynum androsaemifohum Clematis (Vioma) bakeri Clematis hirsutissima var. hirsutissima Apocynum Jloribundum Apocynum Jloribundum Coleosanthus ambigens Brickelha fendleri Apocynum laurinum Apocynum cannabium Coleosanthus axillaris Brickellia califomica Apocynum lividum Apocynum medium var. lividum Coleosanthus chenopodinus Brickelha chenopodinus Apocynum scopulorum Apocynum androsaemifohum Coleosanthus scaber Brickelha scabra Apocynum suksdotfii Apocynum cannabium Coleosanthus umbellatus Brickelha grandiflora var. grcmdiflora Aquilegia elegantula Aquilegia elegantula Coleosanthus wootoni Brickelha lemmonii var. lemmonii Arabis angulata Boechera perennens Convolvulus macounii Calystegia macounii Arabis consanquinea Boechera holboelii Cotyledon rusbyii Graptopetalon rusbyi Arabis eremophila Boechera perennens Crepis barberi Crepis runcinata var. barberi Arabis formosa Boechera pulchra Crepis mogollonica Crepis runcinata var. barberi Arabis oxyphylla Boechera drummondii Cryptantha cycloptera Cryptantha pterocarya var. cycloptera Argemone pleiacantha Argemone pleiacantha Cupressus arizonica Cupressus arizonica Argemone squarrosa Argemone squarrosa Dalea urceolata Dalea urceolata Artemisia franserioides Artemisia franserioides Delphinium camporum Delphinium carolmianum subsp. virescens Artemisia neomexicana Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. redolens Delphinium nelsoni Delphinium nuttallianum var. nuttallianum Asclepias uncialis Asclepias uncialis Delphinium scaposum Delphinium scaposum Asclepias wrightii Asclepias oenotheroides Delphinium tenuisectum Delphinium geraniifolium Aster aquifolius Dieteria bigelovii var. bigelovii Disaccanthus luteus Strepthanthus carinatus subsp. arizonicus Aster boltoniae Psilactis boltoniae Disaccanthus mogollonicus Strepthanthus carinatus subsp. arizonicus Aster hydrophilus Almutaster pauciflorus Disaccanthus validus Strepthanthus carinatus subsp. carinatus Aster linearis Dieteria canescens var. glabra Dodecatheon radicatum Dodecatheon pulchellum Aster lonchophyllus Symphyotrichum ealonii Draba helleriana Draba helleriana Aster tagetinus Machaeranthera tagetina Draba mogollonica Draba mogollonica Aster vallicola Symphyotrichum ascendens Draba neomexicana Draba helleriana Aster wootonii Symphyotrichum lanceolalum var. hesperium Draba petrophila Draba petrophila Astragalus earlei Astragalus mollissimus var. earlei Draba spectabilis Draba spectabilis Astragalus gertrudis Astragalus puniceus var. gertrudis Drymaria depressa Drymaria effusa var. depressa Astragalus gilensis Astragalus gilensis Echinocystis gilensis Marah gilensis Astragalus hosackiae Astragalus humistratus var. hosackiae Echinospermum ursinum Hackeha ursina var. ursina Astragalus mogollonicus Astragalus mollissimus var. mogollonicus Erigeron accedens Erigeron divergens Astragalus rusbyi Astragalus urceolatus Astragalus rusbyi Astragalus oocalycis (Continued on page 6, Greene) ( Greene , continued from page 5) Lilhospermum viride Lithospermum viride Lotus humistralus Lotus humistratus Engeron arenarius Erigeron bellidiastrum var. arenarius Lotus neomexicanus Lotus plebius Erigeron callianthemus Engeron peregnnus subsp callianthemus Lotus trispermis Lotus humistratus Erigeron commtxtus Engeron flagellaris Lupinus aduncus Lupinus argenteus vai.argophyllus Erigeron eximius Engeron eximius Lupinus ammophilus Lupinus polyphyllus var. amcmophilus Engeron formosissimus Engeron formosissimus Lupinus amplus Lupinus polyphyllus var. prunophilus Erigeron leiophyllus Erigeron speciosus var. macranthus Lupinus bakeri Lupinus sericeus Engeron mogollonicus Erigeron formosissimus Lupinus floribundus Lupinus argenteus var. mynanthus Erigeron platyphyllus Erigeron vreelandii Lupinus hillii Lupinus argenteus var. hillii Erigeron setulosus Engeron concinnus Lupinus ingralus Lupinus argenteus var. fulvomaculalus Erigeron simplex Erigeron grandiflorum Lupinus neomexicanus Lupinus neomexicanus Engeron superbus Engeron eximius Lupinus rubricaulis Lupinus argenteus var. rubricaulis Engeron tracyi Erigeron tracyi Lycopus asper Lycopus asper Erigeron vreelandii Erigeron vreelandii Machaeranthera aquifolia Dieteria bigelovii Enocarpum woolonii Xanlhisma sptnulosum var. spinulosum Machaeranthera australis Xanlhisma spinulosum Enogonum arcuatum Enogonum jamesii \zs. flavescens Machaeranlhera bohoniae Psilactis asteriodes Enogonum bakeri Enogonum jamesii var . flavescens Machaeranlhera centaurioides Dietena bigelovii Enogonum cyclosepalum Engonum abertianum var. cyclosepalum Machaeranlhera cichoriacea Dieteria canescens Enogonum densum Enogonum polycladon Machaeranthera linearis Dieteria canescens Enogonum pmeiorum Eriogonum abenianum var. abertianum Machaeranthera tagetina Machaeranthera tagetina Eschschollzia mexicana Eschschollzia califomica subsp. mexicana Madronella parvifoha Monardella odoratissima Eupalonum anzonicum Ageratina herbacea Malvaslrum digilalum Sphaeralcea digiaiata var. digitata Euphorbia neomexicana Chamaesyce serpyllifolia Marah gilensis Marah gilensis Euphorbia versicolor Chamaesyce arizonica Megarrhiza gilensis Marah gilensis Evolvulus oreophilus Evolvulus nutlallianus Mertensia bakeri Mertensia lanceolata var. nivalis Fendlerella cymosa Fendlerella uiahensis var. cymosa Mertensia cynglossoides Mertensia lanceolata var. nivalis Frasera venosa Frasera speciosa Mertensia laterifolia Mertensia lanceolata var. nivalis Caillardia mulliceps GaiUardia pinnatifida Mimulus cordatus Mimulus gultatus Genliana imerrupia Genliana affinis Mimulus halli Mimulus gultatus Genncma rusbyi Genliana affinis Mimulus nasutus Mimulus gultatus Geranium langloissi Geranium carolinianum Mimulus puberulus Mimulus gultatus Geum grisea Geum triflorum Oreocarya bakerii Cryptantha bakerii Gilia formosa Aliciella formosa Oreocarya lulescens Cryptantha flava Gilia formosissima lpomopsis aggregata subsp. formosissima Oreocarya thyrsifolia Cryptantha thyrsifolia Gilia texana Jpomopsis aggregata subsp. formosissima Pedicularis angustissima Pedicularis angustifolia Gnaphalium macounii Pseudognaphalium macounii Pedicularis mogollonica Pedicularis parryi Gnndeha decumbens Grindelia decumbens var. subincisa Penstemon lacerellus Penstemon rydbergii Grindelia scabra Grindelia scabra var. scabra Penstemon pinifolius Penstemon pinifolius Gnndeha subincisa Grindelia decumbens var. subincisa Phacelia caerulea Phacelia caerulea Gulierrezia diversifolia Gulierrezia sarolhrae Phacelia rupestris Phacelia rupestris Gulierrezia filifoha Gulierrezia sarolhrae Phaseolus parvulus Phaseolus parvulus Gulierrezia furfuracea Gulierrezia sarolhrae Phlox mesoleuca Phlox mesoleuca Gulierrezia glomerella Gulierrezia microcepala Physalis polyphylla Physalis virginiana var. polyphylla Gulierrezia goldmanii Gulierrezia sarolhrae Plantago califomica Plantago bigelovii var. califomica Gulierrezia juncea Gulierrezia sarolhrae Podostemma emoryi Asclepias emoryi Gulierrezia longifolia Gulierrezia sarolhrae Polemonium filicmum Polemonium flavum Gulierrezia lucida Gulierrezia microcepala Polemonium flavum Polemonium flavum Gulierrezia lenius Gulierrezia sarolhrae Polemonium grande Polemonium foliosissimum Gymnolomia brevifolia Viguiera multiflora Polemonium mode Polemonium foliosissimum Habenana brevifolia Platanthera brevifolia Polemonium scopulinum Plolemonium pulcherrimum var. delicatum Hedeoma pulchella Hedeoma costata var. pulchella Polygonum douglasii Polygonum douglasii Helianlhella majuscula Helianlhella quinquinervis Polentilla ambigens Polentilla ambigens Hehanthus fascicularis Hehanthus nutlallii Potemilla subviscosa Polentilla subviscosa Heuchera leptomena Heuchera rubescens Primula rusbyi Primula rusbyi Heuchera versicolor Heuchera rubescens Prunus crenulaia Cerasus crenulata Hieracium brevipilum Hieracium fendleri Plelea cognata Ptelea trifoliata subsp. angustifolia var. cognata Hieracium cameum Hieracium cameum Plelea confinis Ptelea trifoliata subsp. pallida var. confinis Hieracium rusbyi Hieracium rusbyi Ptelea formosa Ptelea trifoliata subsp. polydenia Hosackia mollis Lotus greenei Plelea jucunda Plelea trifoliata subsp. angustifolia var. angustifolia Hymenopappus integer Hymenopappus mexiccmus Plelea neomexicana Plelea trifoliata subsp. angustifolia var. angustifolia Hymenopappus lugens Hymenopappus filifolius var. lugens Ptelea pallida Ptelea trifoliata subsp. pallida var. pallida Hymenopappus robuslus •Hymenopappus flavescens var. canotomenlosus Ptelea parvula Ptelea trifoliata subsp. polydenia Isocoma rusbyi lsocoma rusbyi Plelea polydenia Ptelea trifoliata subsp. polydenia Isocoma lenuisecta Isocoma lenuisecta Plelea subveslita Ptelea trifoliata subsp. polydenia Jonesiella recedens Astragalus praelongus var. praelongus Ptiloria neomexicana Stephanomeria pauciflora Krynitzkia cycloptera Cryptanlha pterocarya var. cycloptera Pyrrocoma ampleciens Pyrrocoma crocea Laphamia cemua Pcrityle cemua Ouercus lurbinella Ouercus lurbinella Lappula leucanlha Hackelta ursina var. ursina Ouercus venuslula Ouercus undulata Lappula pmeiorum Hackelia pmeiorum Ranunculus elhpticus Ranunculus glaberrimus var. elliptcus Lappula ursina Hackelta ursina var. ursina Ranunculus eremogenes Ranunculus scleratus var. mullifidus Leiostemon ihurberi Penstemon ihurberi Ranunculus inamoenus Ranunculus inamoenus Lcpidium medium Lcpidium virginicum var. medium Ranunculus nudatus Ranunculus cardtophyllus Lesquerella prulnosa Phvsana pruinosa Rhamnus bctulaefolia Rhamnus belulaefolia Lesquerclla valida Physaria valida Rhamnus fasciculate Rhamnus serrata var. serrata Liatris lancifoha Liams lancifoha Rhamnus smilhii Rhamnus smithii Ligulana Iwlmii Scnecio ampleciens Rhamnus ursina Rhamnus tomenlella subsp. ursina Linum neomcxicanum Linum neomcxicanum Rhus cismoniana Rhus glabra Luhospermum cobrensc Luhospermum cobrensc l.nhospermum oblongum Luhospermum incisum (Continued on page 7, G; Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Phacelia cryptantha E.L. Greene (Hydrophyllaceae): Hidalgo Co: Peloncillo Mts., east end of a mountain 2.5 air mi. north of Steins Peak (T21S, R21W, Sec. 19, NW 1/4) (32° 22.7(W, 109° 02.56'W) 5700 ft., north slope of mountain, igneous substrate, 1 May 2005, R. D. Worthington 33105 (UTEP, NMC, UNM). Mimulus primuloides Bentham (Scrophulariaceae s.l.): Hidalgo Co: Peloncillo Mts., Clanton Draw, 3 miles west of the east side of the National Forest property line, 3 1 ° 3 1 .62TSI, 1 09° 0 1 ,48'W, 5480 ft, in mud at edge of stream, 9 May 2004, R. D. Worthington 32511 (UTEP, SRSC, NMC, UNM). — Chick Keller [4470 Ridgeway, Los Alamos, NM 87544] Carex pyrenaica Wahlenberg (Cyperaceae): Taos Co: Sangrede Cristo Mts, Carson National Forest, Wheeler Peak Wilderness, 0.7 air miles south of Williams Lake, rocky meadow area just at treeline, W106° 25'35" N36°N 32' 40", 1 1,600 ft, 8 Aug 2005, Chick Keller s.n. (UNM). — Phil Jenkins [University of Arizona Herbarium, Herring Hall, 1 130 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson AZ 85721] Microthelys rubrocalosa (B.L.Robinson & Greenman) Garay (Orchidaceae): Otero Co.: Sacramento Mts, Hughes Canyon, 18 Aug 2004, Marc Baker 15754 (ARIZ). [Det. Ron Coleman] — Tom Ferguson [5327 Montgomery Blvd. Apt. 64, Albuquerque, NM 87109] Mitella pentandra Linnaeus (Saxifragaceae): Rio Arriba Co.: Santa Fe Mts, Trampas Canyon, about 7 miles southeast of El Valle, N36°2’ W105°40’, 9762 ft, Tom Ferguson s.n. (NMCR). [Det. by R. DeWitt Ivey; see drawing.] — Gene Jercinovic [P.O. Box 246, Toneon, NM 87061 ] Euphorbia lathyris Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae): Bernalillo Co: Sandia Mts, Tijeras Canyon, about 1 mile east-northeast of Zuzax exit off of hwy 1-40, N35° 6.295’ W106° 19.683’, 6880 ft, pinon/ juniper woodland, 8 June 2005, E.M. Jercinovic 516 (NMCR). 03 ( Greene , continued from page 6) Senecio pentadontus Senecio wemerifohus Senecio pudicus Senecio pudicus Rhus sorbifolia Rhus glabra Senecio quarens Senecio quarens Ribes mogollonicum Ribes wolfti Senecio quercetorum Senecio quercetorum Ribes pinetorum Ribes pinetorum Senecio remiformis Senecio tridenticulatus Rorippa curvipes Rorippa curvipes Senecio rusbvi Senecio bigelovii var. bigelovii Rorippa tenerrima Rorippa tenerrima Senecio scopulinus Senecio bigelovii var. hallii Rosa macounii Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana Senecio streptanthifolius Senecio streptanthifolius Rosa manca Rosa woodsii var. woodsii Senecio wootonii Senecio wootonii Rosa melina Rosa nutkana Sidalcea parviflora Sidalcea neomexicana Rosa mirifica Rosa stellata var. mirifica Sideranthus australis Xanthisma spinulosum var. spinulosum Rosa suffulta Rosa arkansana var. suffulta Sideranthus serralus Xanthisma blephariphyllum Rubus arizonicus Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus Sideranthus wootoni Xanthisma spinulosum var. spinulosum Rudbeckia latissima Rudbeckia lacmiata Silene concolor Silene scouleri Rumex ellipticus Rumex altissimus Sisyrinchium demissum Sisyrinchium demissum Rumex fenestratus Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus Solidago aureola Solidago simplex var. simplex Saxifraga rhomboidea Saxifraga rhomboidea Solidago ciliosa Solidago multiradiata Schmaltzia qffinis Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Solidago decumbens Solidago simplex var. nana Schmaltzia anisophylla Rhus trilobata var. anisophylla Solidago trinervata Solidago velutina Schmaltzia baken Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Sophia obtusa Descurainia obtusa Schmaltzia cognata Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Sophia procera Descurainia tncana Schmaltzia emoryi Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Sophia serrata Descurainia incisa Schmaltzia leiocarpa Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Sorbus dumosa Sorbus dumosa Schmaltzia pulchella Rhus trilobata var. pilosissima Sorbus scopulina Sorbus scopulina Schmaltzia quericifolia Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Spergularia tenuis Spergularia salina Schmaltzia racemulosa Rhus trilobata var. racemulosa Stachys scopulorum Stachys palustris subsp. pilosa Schmaltzia simplicifolia Rhus trilobata var. simplicifolia Steironema validulum Lysimachia hybrida Scrophularla macrantha Scrophularia macrantha Stephanomeria neomexicana Stephanomeria pauciflora Senecio accedens Senecio bigelovii var. bigelovii Streptanthus crassifolius Strepthanthus cordatus Senecio actinella Senecio actinella Talinum conferliflorum Phemeranthus confertiflorus Senecio admirabilis Senecio serra var. admirabilis Talinum humile Phemeranthus humilis Senecio anacletus Senecio wootonii Talinum marginatum Phemeranthus parvulus Senecio atratus Senecio atratus Talinum validulus Phemeranthus validulus Senecio cardamine Senecio cardamine Taraxacum dumetorum Taraxacum ceratophorum Senecio carthamoides Senecio fremontii var. blitoides Telradymia ftlifolia Tetradymia filifolia Senecio chlorenthus Senecio bigelovii var. bigelovii Tetraneuris angustifolia Tetraneuris scaposa var. scaposa Senecio cynthioides Senecio cynthioides Tetraneuris arizonica Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica Senecio dimorphophyllus Senecio dimorphophvllus Tetraneuris formosa Tetraneuris formosa Senecio flavulus Senecio pseudoaureus Tetraneuris glabriuscula Tetraneuris scaposa Senecio lapothifolius Senecio crassulus Tetraneuris ivesiana Tetraneuris ivesiana Senecio metcalfei Senecio neomexicanus var. metcalfei Tetraneuris leptoclada Tetraneuris argentea Senecio mogollonicus Senecio actinella var. mogollonicus Tetraneuris oblongifolia Tetraneuris linearifolia Senecio monoensis Senecio flaccidus var. monoensis (Continued on page 8, Greene) Senecio mutabilis Senecio neomexicanus var. mutabilis (Greene, continued from page 7) Publication and Subscription Information ’The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MSC Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// web.nmsu.edu/~kallred/herbweb/ Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service w U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University *7 6c Hen* Htcxcen Las Cruces, NM 88003 SetOKUt Tetraneuris trinervata Tetraneuris acaults var. acaulis Thalictrum cheilanthoides Thalictrum alpmurn Thelypodium crenatum Lepidium crenatum Thermopsis pmetorum Thermopsis rhombifolia var. divaricarpa Thysanocarpus amplectens Thysanocarpus curvtpes Townsendia formosa Townsendia formosa Tradescantia pmetorum Tradescantia pmetorum Tradescantia tuberosa Tradescantia pmetorum Trifolium arizonicum Trifolium wormskjoldii Trifolium fendleri Trifolium wormskjoldii Trifolium lacerum Trifolium wormskjoldii Trifolium neurophyllum Trifolium longipes var. neurophyllum Trifolium pmetorum Trifolium wormskjoldii Trifolium rusbyi Trifolium longipes Trifolium rydbergii Trifolium longipes var. reflexum Uropappus pruinosus Uropappus hndleyi Urlica gracilenta Urtica gracilenta Verbena plicata Verbena plicata Verbena pubera Glandularia bipinnalifida Vicia leucophaea Vicia leucophaea Viola arizonica Viola sororia var. off mis Viola missouriensis Viola sororia var. missouriensis Viola muriculata Viola canadensis Viola neomexicana Viola canadensis var. rugulosa Viola nephrophylla Viola sororia var. sororia Viola pratincola Viola sororia var. sororia Viola rafmesquii Viola bicolor Viola retroscabra Viola adunca Viola retusa Viola sororia var. missouriensis Viola rydbergii Viola canadensis var. rugulosa Xanthium campestre Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Zauschneria latifolia Epilobium canum Zigadenus dilatatus Zigadenus elegans Zygadenus porrifolius Zygadenus virescens FTOZ William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx. NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. £ 8 g 6 8 I u> CO w m tn ■ Number 35 April 25, 2006 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This issue — • Sky Island geography... . 1 • Fern clarification . 2 • Literature reports . 2 • Plant Reports . 3 J§©tfc«ice esi ^cientia ^oturolts qum ^/egctobilium cognitiorero trndlt. Some Southeastern Range Extremes for Plants in the Northwestern Chshuahuan Desert. Robert Sivinski NM Forestry Division, P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504 The encinals and conifer forests in the Apachean Highlands archipelago of “sky island” mountains in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico are well known as the northern-most habitats in the distributions of many plant and animal species from the “mainland” of the Sierra Madre Occidentale. From the opposite direction, this area also represents the southern range extremes for some Rocky Moun¬ tain species, such as Pinus edulis Engelmann and Juniperus scopulorum Sargent. The “ocean” of semi- arid lands surrounding these “sky islands” is predominantly composed of the northwestern-most part of the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion. Several plant species from the adjacent Sonoran Desert reach their eastern range extremes in the Chihuahuan Desert of southwestern New Mexico. A significant subset of these are associated with the northern extreme of the Sonoran Desert in the central Arizona highlands, yet have their centers of distri¬ bution further to the west and north in the Mojave and Great Basin deserts, and other arid areas of the In¬ termountain floristic region. The southwestern range extremes of these plants appear to be concentrated in the New Mexico Gila River Basin of northern Hidalgo County and western Grant County, including the Gila River breaks and canyons, northern Peloncillo Mountains, hills around Black Mountain, and foothills of the Burro Mountains. Spellenberg and Mahrt (1991) were the first to comment on this curi¬ ous distribution pattern. They reported Lomatium foeniculatum Coulter & Rose subsp. macdougalii (Coulter & Rose) Theobald, Astragalus eremiticus Sheldon, and Allium acuminatum Hooker all growing together at the same location near Black Mountain (north of Virden) as “an indication of a hitherto unrec¬ ognized extension of a more western flora into this portion of NM”. Subsequent searehes by botanists in this same general area have discovered additional elements of more western and northern floras that seem out of place in this small area of Chihuahuan Desert (Spellenberg et al. 1993, Sivinski et al. 1994, Worthington 2005, Sivinski 2006). These include Calo- chortus flexuosus S. Watson (mostly Mojave and Great Basin deserts and Colorado Plateau), Gilia stel- lata Heller (predominantly Mojave and Great Basin deserts), Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Hooker & Arnold) Payson (Mojave, Great Basin and western Sonoran deserts), Phacelia cryptantha Greene (mostly Mojave and Great Basin deserts), and Cryptantha nevadensis Nelson & Kennedy var. rigida I.M. Johnston (predominantly Mojave Desert). These plants have sporadic distributions across Arizona, except for A. eremiticus , which is appar¬ ently disjunct in Hidalgo County from its nearest locations in northwestern Arizona. The arid southern flank of the Mogollon Rim may have provided the corridor for these plants to reach the Gila River Basin and then east into the Chihuahuan Desert of southwestern New Mexico. This small part of the state may hold additional plants from more northern and western floras and is a worthy area for further searches by New Mexico botanists. Literature Cited Sivinski, R., T. Lowrey and R. Peterson. 1994. Additions to the native and adventive flora of New Mex¬ ico. Phytologia 76(6):473-479. Sivinski, R. 2006. Plant distribution reports: Cryptantha nevadensis var. rigida. The New Mexico Bota¬ nist (this issue). Spellenberg, R. and M. Mahrt. 1991. Noteworthy collections: New Mexico. Madrono 38:298-301. Spellenberg, R., L. McIntosh and L. Brouillet. 1993. New records of angiosperms from southwestern New Mexico. Phytologia 75(3):224-230. Worthington, R. 2005. Plant distribution reports: Phacelia cryptantha. The New Mexico Botanist 34:7. Two ferns not occurring in New Mexico Patrick Alexander Biolog) Department, New Mexico State University-, Las Cruces, NM 88003 Two ferns, Asplenium palmeri and Cheilanthes horridula, have often been listed as occurring in New Mexico, but there do not appear to be reliable records of either in the state. As a re¬ sult, I suggest omitting them from the flora of New Mexico until and unless this deficit is remedied. Asplenium palmeri was first listed in the state by Dittmer, Castetter, and Clark (‘The Ferns and Fern Allies of New Mex¬ ico”, 1954). Regarding its distribution, they say, “Our only list¬ ing for this species is from the Organ Mountains,” but cite no specimens or other source. Martin and Hutchins (“A Flora of New Mexico”, 1980) list the species as occurring in “southern New Mexico” but include only Doha Ana Co. on their map, pre¬ sumably basing their inclusion on Dittmer et aids account. The map in the Flora of North America also shows A. palmeri in New Mexico, but R.C. Moran, one of the authors of the F.N.A. treatment for Asplenium , indicates that he is unaware of any specimens from New Mexico and that its inclusion in the map was probably by W.H. Wagner Jr. (unfortunately now deceased), who may have been relying on the Dittmer et al. account. The nearest documented localities in the US are from the Davis Mts. of western Texas and near Bisbee in southeastern Arizona. In both states it is scarce and sporadic, occurring on moist igneous rock in narrow canyons. Though reasonably appropriate habitat occurs in southern New Mexico, without a specimen there is little basis for its inclusion in the state. Difficulties in distin¬ guishing A. palmeri from fragmentary specimens of A. resiliens (of which there are several from the Organ Mts.) suggest that this may be the cause of the Dittmer et al. listing of A. palmeri in the state. Cheilanthes horridula’s first listing in the state flora was by Wooton & Standley (“Flora of New Mexico”), under the syno¬ nym Pellaea scabra, with the note: “Collected by the Mexican Boundary Survey (no. 1581) near the Copper Mines.” Dittmer et al. list its occurrence in the state as uncertain, stating that: “There is in the United States National Herbarium a specimen of this species collected by the Mexican Boundary Survey under the number 1581 ‘near the Copper Mines and along the San Pedro.’ Standley described the Copper Mines locality but made no mention of the San Pedro; and Wooton and Standley reported this site as originally known as Santa Rita Del Cobre (now the town of Santa Rita), again making no mention of the San Pedro. It is thus presumed that Santa Rita is the site of the collection of specimen No. 1581, but one cannot be certain.” Though the col¬ lection locality of the Mexican Boundary Survey specimen #1581 is indeed uncertain, other aspects of this account are mis¬ taken. According to G. McKee of US, M.B.S. #1581 carries no locality information. “Near the Copper Mines and along the San Pedro” is instead the description given for the species in the sur¬ vey’s report (“Report on the United States and Mexican Bound¬ ary Survey”, v. II, 1859, W.H. Emory) and refers to two separate localities. The Copper Mines referred to are indeed the Santa Rita copper mines, but “San Pedro” refers to Devil's River of western Texas, for which “Rio San Pedro” is an older name. The latter locality is well within the known range and the Gray Her¬ barium contains a un-numbered specimen from Thurber, lacking the official M.B.S. label but collected during the survey, with the locality “Head of the Rio San Pedro” (thanks to W. Kittredge of GH for this information), so there is no reason to doubt that C. horridula was ollected there by the survey. However, without any M.B.S. specimens of this species from the Copper Mines, this portion of the report’s description cannot be verified. The nearest documented localities in the United States are in the Quitman Mountains of western Texas, about 200 miles southeast of Santa Rita, and it is common in the Big Bend region on lime¬ stone outcrops amidst Chihuahuan desert scrub. M. Windham of UT, primary author of the Flora of North America treatment for Cheilanthes, indicates that he is not aware of any specimens from New Mexico and considers it occurrence here “very ques¬ tionable”. As a result, the presence of C. horridula in the state is best regarded as undocumented and unlikely. £0 Botanical Literature of Interest Taxonomy and Floristics Allred, K.W 2005. Perennial Festuca (Gramineae) of New Mexico. Desert Plants 2 1 (2):3- 1 2. Allred, K.W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3"1 ed. Agric. Exp. Sta. New Mexico State Univ. 388 pp. Atwood, N.D. & S.L. Welsh. 2005. New species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) and Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) from New Mexico. Western North American Naturalist 65(3):365-370. Coleman, R.A. & M. Baker. 2006. Microthelys ruhrocallosa , a new addition to the orchid flora of the United States. Orchids, Jan 2006:56-57. Dicht. R.F. &. A.D. Luthv. 2005. Coryphantha. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 200 pp [translated from 2003 German edition; copious illustrations] Felger. R., T.L. Burgess, S. Dorsi, J.R. Reeder. & T.R. Van Devender 2005 Dichantliium (Poaceae) new to Arizona: open door fora potentially invasive species. Sida 2 1 (3): 1905-1908. [not yet known from New Mexico] Finot, V.L., P.M. Peterson. R.J. Soreng. & F.O. Zuloaga. 2005. A revision of Trisetum and Graphephorum (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveninae) in North America north of Mexico. Sida 21(3):1419-1 453. j [segregates one of our species, T wolfii, into Graphephorum ] Holmgren. N.H.. P.K. Holmgren, & A. Cronquist. 2005. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 2, part B. The New York Botanical Garden Press. 488 pp. Nesom, G.L. 2005. Taxonomy of the Symphyotrichum (Aster) subulatum group and Symphyotrichum (Aster) tenuifolium (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 2 1 (4):2 1 25-2 1 40. Nesom, G.L. & B. Lipscomb. 2005. ICBN clarification needed: Use of ranks. Sida 2 1 (4):2 1 85-2 1 9 1 Peterson, P.M. & J. Valdes-Reyna. 2005. Eragrostis (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Eragrostideae: Eragrostidinae) from Northeastern Mexico. Sida 21(3): 1363-141 8. Powell, A.M. & J.F. Weedin. 2004. Cacti of the Trans-Pecos & Adjacent Areas. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock. 509 pp. Robart, B.W. 2005. Morphological diversification and taxonomy among the varieties of Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. (Continued on page 4, Literature ) j I \%a#/ Page 3 V Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Aphanosteplius ramosissimus A.P. de Candolle var. ramosissimus (Asteraceae, faint crown): Otero County: Otero Mesa, hwy. 506 at mesa escarpment (T21S, R1 IE, Sec. 9, S 1/4), 4900 ft, roadside, 22 Sep 2005, R. Worthington 33758 (BRIT, UTEP, Ft. Bliss herbarium). [Det. by Guy Nesom] — From Intermountain Flora, vol. 2B [thanks to Bob Sivinski] *Cleomella oblusifolia Torrey & Fremont (Cleomaceae, Mojave stinkweed): Luna County, south of Deming, R. Barnebv 2475 (NY), [presumably exotic here, and perhaps not persisting from this early collection?] — Coleman & Baker (2006) [see literature reports] Microthelys rubrocallosa (Robinson & Greenman) Garay (Orchidaceae): Otero County: Sacramento Mts, Flughes Canyon, 18 Aug 2004. Marc Baker 15754 (ARIZ). [Reported in issue 34, but this documents publication in “Orchids” magazine, with discussion and color photos. Basionym was spelled rubrocalosa in the original description, but rubrocallosa may be considered an orthographic correction] — Robert Sivinski [New Mexico Forestry Division, P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe,NM 87504] *Colutea arborescens Linnaeus (Fabaceae, bladder senna): Bernalillo County: Sandia Mountains, Canon Cienega; T1 IN R5E Sec 23 NW%, 2250 m, disturbed roadside in forest of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus scopulorum , 12 July 1999, R.C. Sivinski 4961 (UNM). Cryptantha nevadensis A. Nelson & Kennedy var. rigida I.M. Johnston (Boraginaceae): JJidalgo County: eastbajadaof northern Peloncillo Mts., below Doubtful Canyon, T22S R21W Section 34 SE'A, 1 360 m; arroyo bottom and sides with Chilopsis linearis, Acacia greggii, Fallugia paradoxa, 3 1 Mar 2005, R.C. Sivinski 5963 (UNM); northern Peloncillo Mts., Rustler Draw, T23S R21 W Section 1 1 SW 'A, 1320 m. arroyo bottom and sides with Fallugia paradoxa, Rhus microphylla, 13 Apr 2005, R.C. Sivinski 5985 (UNM). First report of this variety in New Mexico. — Yvonne Chauvin [722 Candelaria Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM 87107] Loeflingia squarrosa Nuttall (Caryophyllaceae): Eddy County: Phantom Banks Quad, E: 616155, N: 3545139, Zone 13, NAD27, dry playa with dense mesquite, 22 June 2005, Yvonne Chauvin sm. (UNM). [Verified by Ron Hartman] — Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd, Farmington, NM 87402] Mertensia fusiformis E.L. Greene (Boranginaceae, bluebells): Rio Arriba County: Jicarilla Apache Reservation, Sagebrush Hill, road north of La Junta Canyon towards Barrella Canyon, S36 NW/SE, T32N, R3W, logged area, 2100 m, 20 May 1996 K, Heil 9625 (SJNM); Carson National Forest, north of Hwy US 64, about 2 mi SSE of Cedar Rock, S34 SE1/4 T32N R4W, ponderosa pine community, 2200 m, 21 May 1995, K. Heil 8796 (SJNM); Carson National Forest, north of Hwy US 64, Carracas Mesa, ca 1 mi west-southwest of Cedar Rock, S28 Sl/2 T32N R4W, 2250 m, 21 May 1995, K. Heil 8808 (SJNM). [Det. Larry Higgins] Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) A.P. deCandolle var. coriacea (A. Nelson) Higgins & Welsh (Boraginaceae, bluebells): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Chuska Mountains, ca 4.5 miles south of Toadalena Lake, closed canopy aspen grove with scattered ponderosa pine and bluegrass, dark humus soil with dead fall leaves, 8950 ft, 10 Jul 2000, Arnold Clifford 00-729 (SJNM). [Det. Larry Higgins] — Ron Hartman [Rocky Mountain Herbarium, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave Laramie, WY 82071-3165] and Robert Sivinski [NM Forestry Division, P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] Minuartia macrantha (Rydberg) House (Caryophyllaceae): Bernalillo County: Sandia Mountains, Cibola National Forest, Sandia Crest, Kiwanis Point near stone cabin, T12N R5E S31, limestone caprock and adjacent coniferous forest, 10000-10200 ft, 28 Jul 1964, M. Baad 1035 (MICH); Same location: 23 Jun 1976, W. L. Wagner 2344 (MO); 9 Jul 1999, R.L. Hartman 65063 with F. Sun, T. Lowrey, & B. Sivinski (RM); 22 Jul 1999, R.C. Sivinski 4997 (RM, UNM). — Atwood & Welsh (2005) [see literature reports] +Mentzelia todiltoensis Atwood & Welsh (Loasaceae): Cibola County: vicinity of I-40/hwy 6 junction, 4 Aug 2004, N.D. Atwood & A. Clifford 30538 (BRY type, NMC, SJNM). Bernalillo County: Canoncito Navajo Reservation, Gypsum Dome in Canada de los Apaches west of Day School, 1 Jul 1992, B. Hevron 1736 (BRY). Santa Fe County: Desert 32 km air miles northeast of 1-25 at Exit 242, 2 Aug 2003, N.H. Holmgren et al. 15051 (BRY). +Phacelia sivinskii N.D. Atwood, P.J. Knight, & Lowrey (Boraginaceae): Sandoval County: 6 mi north of San Ysidro on hwy 44, 27 Sep 2004, N.D. Atwood 30757 (BRY type, NMC, SJNM); eight additional collections from this vicinity. Socorro County: ca. 20 miles west of Carrizozo on hwy 380, 6 Sep 2002, N.D. Atwood 28989 (BRY). — Chick Keller [4470 Ridgeway, Los Alamos, NM 87544] Saxifraga hirculus Linnaeus (Saxifragaceae, marsh saxifrage): Colfax County: marshy wetland just east of Little Costilla Peak, about 10.000 ft, 2 Aug 2002, Chick Keller 1600 (UNM). £□ is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/lionoeus □ Y '{( 1 1 Page 4 Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MS C Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// web nmsu edu/~kallred/herbweb/ (Literature. Continued from page 2) (Orobanchaceae). Syst. Bot. 30(3):644-656. Roberts, R.P.. L.E. Urbatsch. & K.M. Neubig. 2005. Nestotus and Toiyabea , two new genera of Asteraceae: Astereae from the western United States and Canada. Sida 2 1 (3 ): 1 647-1 655. Semple, J.C. & J.L.A. Hood. 2005. Pappus variation in North American Asters. I. Double, triple and quadruple pappus in Symphyotrichum and related Aster genera (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21 (4):2 159-2005. Turner, B.L & A M. Powell 2005. Chromosome numbers of Glandularia (Verbenaceae) from central and Trans-Pecos Texas. Sida 21(3): 1657-1661 . [resurrects G. wrightii s.s, but still not known from New Mexico] Urbatsch. L.E., R.P. Roberts, & K.M. Neubig. 2005. Cuniculotimis and Lorandersonia , two new genera of Asteraceae: Astereae and new combinations in Chrysothamnus. Sida 2 1 (3): 1 6 1 5- 1 632. [includes a key] Ward, D.B 2005. A case of disputed orthography: Is it Echinochloa colona; or is it Echinochloa colonum (Gramineae)? Sida 2 1 (4):2 1 7 1 -2 1 83. [Can you stand it? Read the paper to find out!] Whittemore, A T. 2005 Genetic structure, lack of introgression, and taxonomic status in the Celtis laevigata - C. reticulata complex (Cannabaceae). Syst. Bot. 30(4):809-817. [upholds the segregation of the two species] Miscellaneous Kellman, K. 2005. A newly designed dissection needle for making transverse leaf sections. Evansia 22(4): 118-121 [for moss leaves] Piperno. D.R. & H.-D. Sues. 2005. Dinosaurs dined on grass. Science 3 10: 1 126-1 128. Prasad, V., C.A.E. Stromberg, H. Alimohammadian, & A. Sahni. 2005. Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science 310:1 177-1 180. £9 Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service XL U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University 7 tic * tcu* 'fticxcca Las Cruces, NM 88003 OotAKUt -C o n n c ZUUo William R. Bllct New' T fS-vst^ n, W York BotamcaJ Bronx, NY ,0458.5 New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, Ti religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating, w tj Itlexico- ‘BotcM A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the ange Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. n This Issue — Let’s be careful out there! . 1 Chrysothamnus . 6 George Suckley . 7 Plant Reports . 7 TAXON 3X1): 48-52. FEBRUARY 1984 HOW DID THEY DIE? Ralph R. Stewart' In 1972 as an appendix to my “Annotated Catalogue of the plants of Pakistan and Kashmir” I thought that it would be a good idea to include a list of the authors and another of the collectors who had had anything to do with the flora of the region. In these lists there were 1217 authors of genera, species or publications and 394 collectors and in the years since 1972 1 have found quite a few names I had missed. When I was compiling these names and looking up the dales of their births and deaths I began to wonder what manner of men the early explorers were; the people who had explored in India, the Hi¬ malayas, Tibet and Central Asia before the days of modem medicine; who arrived in Bombay or Karachi in sailing ships after a five month voyage around the Cape of Good Hope or used the land route via Turkey, then to Basra and took ship down the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea to India. Before 1 860 when the hardy travellers reached the coast of India, if they were going to explore in Kashmir, they did not find a railroad to take them from Bombay to Rawalpindi in 36 hours. Their heavy luggage had to travel by bullock cart at the speed of 1 2 or possibly 1 5 miles a day and when they reached the Purgab they had to leave the plains and cross the 15,000 ft. Pir Panjal Range to get to the famous Vale of Kashmir. The explorers still had to travel for additional weeks in order to get to the places where they hoped to explore, travelling on foot or horseback. The modem tourist who flies from London to Kashmir and arrives there within two days and rents a houseboat or takes a room in Nedou's Hotel cannot imagine the conditions in the Punjab or Kashmir of 1820 or 1850. The great killers, plague, smallpox, cholera and malaria were endemic and so were typhus, leprosy, dysentery, diphtheria, typhoid, trachoma and several more. In many places travellers needed to travel in parties or with armed escorts. There were vast areas where there were no doctors, hotels, or amenities of any kind. There were no mails or telegraphs. In spite of all the dangers and difficulties which had to be faced there were dozens of men who reached Kashmir before the 1870's and some of them pressed on into Central Asia as far as Turkestan and even to China, crossing the vast cold deserts of Tibet. Who were these people? What were they like? What was their fate? Did they all get home again? Most of them did. Others did not. When in August 1 9 1 1 I arrived in Rawalpindi in the Punjab near the Afghan Frontier, the place where travellers going to Kashmir left the railroad to change to horse drawn vehicles which would take them to Srinagar in seven or eight days, I found civilization, hospitals and law and order. Rawalpindi was the largest military Cantonment in the British Empire. It was the Headquarters of the Northern Army which guarded India against any Russian incursion from the north. There were still dangers, however. I had been appointed for three years to leach elementary Botany and Zoology in a small Presbyterian College to enable students who wanted to become doctors to pass their Prc-Med Exams. During those three years we had plague and smallpox holidays. Quite a few of the students had laces badly scarred by smallpox. On my first trip home in July 1914 my cousin and I sailed from Calcutta on a ship bound for Japan. 1 still remember that the day before we sailed. • University of Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor. MI 48109, U.SLA. 48 TAXON VOLUME 33 OJotfloicc est %JYn turalis quae ^e^tabiiium cogoiriorem tradit. — Jlinnueus i early in July 1914, that the Calcutta paper stated that 15 people had died from cholera, 1 5 from plague and the same number from smallpox. It was just before the period when vaccination and inoculations began to reduce the toll that these three killers had been taking. In 191 1 one of our missionaries died of cbofera and in 1914 while on holiday in Kashmir, our Treasurer died of the same disease. At this peribd when I was in Kashmir I was asked to serve as a pallbearer of a lone European woman who had died from cholera. There was so much diphtheria before that period that many white children died of that malady. In British Lahul on the Tibetan frontier there was a little Moravian Mission which I visited in 19 1 3. In the cemetery there were the graves of little Jacschkes. Hcydes and Peters. For years they feared that European children could not survive there. Both Heyde and Jaeschke were good botanists and have species named after them. Jaeschkea is a genus named for the Rev. Heinrich Jaeschke who lived in Lahul between 1860 and 1870; Scu¬ tellaria heydei Hkf. is one of the species named for the Rev. A. W. Heyde. In the 1830’s and 1840's when Kirilov and Karehn were exploring in Sibiria they had to travel with 50 Cossacks. The local people hated foreigners and considered them to be spies. In the Philippines in 1 9 1 6 A. D. E. Elmer (1 870-1 942) a professional plant collector told me that it was not safe for foreigners to travel in the wilds but that he could do so because the natives will not hurt a crazy person and that he was considered to be a madman because no one in his senses would pick little useless plants from tree trunks or from the ground and take them away. In Amboina, however in 1 917 Dr. C. B. Robinson made the mistake of going into the forest alone. Head hunters who had never seen a white man killed him. The chief danger in some countries was therefore the unfriendliness of the locals and not disease. This was true in Siberia, Arabia, the Andaman Islands, Ethiopia and Eastern Tibet. I travelled in the Western Himalayas for more than 40 years without an escort and without arms and the only unfriendliness we found was that of the huge Tibetan mastiffs chained outside the monasteries in Western Tibet. Only in Upper Swat near the Afghan Frontier did the authorities send five police with us for our safety. Many Tibetan explorers tried to reach Llassa but they were all turned back. I never heard of the Tibetans of Western Tibet killing any of the explorers but on the Chinese side a number of French missionary plant collectors were murdered by fanatic lamas. Disease was the most common cause of death even at sea. In the days of sailing ships, voyages were very long. Exploring expeditions lasted up to five years. Scurvy was not understood and the discovery of lime juice and other ascorbic foods was as great a discovery as some inoculations. On some very long voyages scores of sailors and passengers died from scurvy and the remark that a certain botanist died at sea probably means that he died of scurvy rather than that he was washed overboard in a storm. A number of botanists were drowned in rivers. A surprising number were murdered. Two were enslaved, one in Ceylon and one in North Africa. Two botanists are said to have been guillotined in the French Revolution, not because they were botanists. A few dis¬ appeared without a trace. Frederick MUller. an Alsatian, went to Mexico to collect and was never heard from again. In 1 8 1 8 an entire French expedition to the South Seas under the command of Philippe Picot. Baron La pey rouse, disappeared between Fiji and the Solomon Islands. In spite of a diligent search no trace was ever found. They may have perished in a typhoon. Thts little paper is an exploratory effort to call attention to a field which someone may like to follow in order to prepare a book of biographies on the botanists who never returned home or if they did, soon died because they had been weakened by diseases they had acquired abroad. In my collecting trips in the Himalayas, Trans-Himalayas and Hindu Kush between 1912 and 1962 I ran across the lonely graves of a number of scientific explorers and FEBRUARY 1984 49 Then we gather as we travel Bits of moss and dirty gravel LUESTER T I IRRA^ - And we chip off little specimens of stone; And we carry home as prizes Funny bugs of handy sizes OCT 3 1 2006 Just to give the day a scientific tone. — Charles E. Carryl NEvv ' rc BOTANICA. 3" missionaries who never saw their native country again. I remember seeing the grave of Ferdinand Stoliczka (1838-74) botanical collector and geologist who died on the Kara¬ korum Pass c. 18,000 ft., probably of appendicitis while returning from Yarkand. His grave is in Lch (Ladakh), Western Tibet. At the foot of the Burzil Pass on the road to Baltistan we found the grave of the wife of a Parsee geologist near the highest Kashmiri Village in the Kishenganga Valley. We saw similar graves of those who had died from accidents or disease thousands of miles from home. At this period a hundred or more years ago. West Africa was called the white man's grave and there were places in India and the Asiatic tropics which were not much better. Even in Rawalpindi, where I lived, many of the graves in the European Cemetery were of young men and women in their twenties and thirties. When l left in I960, plague, cholera and smallpox were no longer dangerous and malaria, tuberculosis and hunger were probably the worst threats to life. The population of India is now more than twice what it was then. The Central Asiatic explorers were almost all men but a few in the Trans-Himalayas were accompanied by their wives. For example in 1895 Mrs. St. Geoige Littledale and her husband crossed the Tian Shan Mts. entering them from Central Asia, crossed Tibet and reached Lch in Ladakh in safety. Mrs. Visser-Hooft, whose husband was the Swiss consul in Calcutta accompanied him while he was surveying in the most difficult parts of the Karakorum Mts. in 1922. 1925 and 1929. She collected plants. Madame Potanin, wife of the Russian explorer G. N. Potanin, who collected and explored in Eastern Tibet. Mongolia and China in 1884-85 died near Chungking, Western China, a long way from home. The facts mentioned in this paper were gathered over a number of years and much of what L have gleaned was discovered in general botanical reading when I was not looking for data on this subject. As I am now 93 I do not expect to be able to develop this study any further and hope that someone will take up the theme and expand it into a proper book. The field is vast and of great interest though the facts are so scattered that they are hard to find. Anderson. William (1750-78). who served as botanist on Cook's second and third expeditions died at sea, possibly from scurvy. Banister, John (1650-92), an Anglican missionary in Virginia, for whom the genua Banisteria was named, fell and broke his neck white trying to collect a plant growing in the crevice of a cliff. Biermann, Adolph (x-l 8 79/80), Curator of the Calcutta Botanical Garden was killed by a tigress when walking in the garden. Boeriage. Dr. J. G. (1849-1900), of Holland died of a fever in Tenutc. Bowman. David (1838-68). a Scot, was robbed of his plants in Colombia. S. America. He is said to have died of “mortification’ in Bogota. Did he die of grief? Chalmers, James B. a missionary from New Zealand to the Hebrides is the only plant collector I have heard of who was killed by cannibals. Chesterton. J. Henry, orchid collector for Veitch of Great Britain, died in Colombia, S. America. Cunningham, Allan (1791-1839). in charge of the Sydney, Australia. Botanical Garden was killed by aborigines while collecting. Douglas. David (1799-1834). trained at Glasgow, a pioneer explorer and collector in the Northwest of N. America, for whom the Douglas fir was named, died in Hawaii from falling into an animal trap already occupied by a bull. Dutreuil de Rhins, Jules L6on (1846-94). explored between Left in Ladakh and Chinese Turkestan. 1 892-94. His party lost a horse and he made the mistake of blaming some local people for stealing it and was murdered. Fairer, Reginald John (1880-1920), collector of rock garden and other plants of horticultural worth for Veitch and Co. died of pneumonia on the Chinese- Burma border “in unrelenting rain." ForsskAJ. Pehr (1732-63). a member of the Niebuhr Mission to Arabia died from a severe fever. Fonskalea Linn. Gill. William John (1843-82). bom in Bangalore, India was murdered by Bedouins in the Sinai Desert. Griffith, William (1810-45), was probably the ablest of the British botanists who worked in India and 50 TAXON VOLUME 33 Jgotany is the natural science flint transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/linnaeus new species. In 1839 he went with the British Army to Baluchistan and Afghanistan. He was the first to collect in Nuristan. formerly Kafiristan. He narrowly escaped an ambush in which his sen-ant was wounded. He returned to India through the Kbyber P^ss. He got only collected plants but fishes and various kinds of animals and also studied meteorology. He described his new species when they were fresh and he was probably the first in India to name his own mosses. Dying of malaria at 33 he had accomplished more solid work than most of the men who lived twice as long. Heifer, Johan Wilhelm (1810-40). an Austrian, arrived in Tenasserim, Burma in 1837 and collected there. In 1840 he and his wife went to the Andaman Islands to collect. He was murdered but she escaped. Hofmcistcr, Werner (1809-45), botanist of Prince Waldemar of Prussia, on a collecting trip in India, arrived in the Punjab when the British were at war with the Sikhs. Bur kill states that the botanist was killed by a stray bullet while he was watching the fight. Another report, which may be more accurate, suggests that for the sport of it he was taking part in the battle on the British side. Hooper, James, another Kew collector who had served as Curator at Buitenzorg in Java, died at sea (1830/1). Through scurvy? Jack, William (1795-1822). one of the first botanists to work for the East India Co., collected in Bengal, Sumatra and Malaysia and the well-known Jack Fruit is named for him. He was only 27 when he died at sea. Jacqucmont, Victor ( 1801-32), a very capable, aristocratic French botanist, was sent to India to collect by the Paris Museum. He landed in Pondicherry, a small French enclave in South India in 1829. He gradually moved north, entertained by the British authorities. Hearing that there was an important Frenchman travelling about India, Maharaja Ranjit Singh invited him to visit the Punjab which he did in 1830. He was the first to do some collecting in many places, including the Salt Range, and parts of Kashmir. He then went south to Bombay where he died at 31 from dysentery or malaria. Kerr, William (x-1814), a Kew trained horticulturist, went to Peradeniya, Ceylon to take charge of the Botanical Garden but died within four years. Kirilow. I. V. (1821-42), together with Georg G. Karelin (1801-72), collected in Russian Central Asia but the younger partner died when only 21, apparently of cholera. Koenig. Dr. J. G. (1728-85), doctor for theTranquebar Mission. S. India (Moravian), died of cholera. He had been a pupil of Linnaeus and introduced the binomial system of nomenclature to India. Lcitncr, E. F., an American collector bom in Germany, was murdered by American Indians while collecting on the Florida Keys in 1838. Lippi. Agostino (1668-1704), for whom Lippia Linn, and Hetianthcmum tippii were named, was murdered in Ethiopia. Livingstone. Dr. David (181 3-73). the famous missionary explorer, weakened by fever, died in Central Africa. His faithful African companions removed his heart and sent it back to Britain. Lobb, William (1809-63), from Cornwall, great collector in N. and S. America, died paralysed in San Francisco. Ludwig, A., is said to have been killed by the bile of a rattlesnake while collecting in the American West Maingay. Dr. A. C. (1836-69) was an Indian Army Surgeon and linguist who had collected plants in Burma and Penang. While he was in charge of a jail in Malacca there was a riot of the prisoners in which he was killed. Marquand. C. V. B. (1897-1943) of the Kew staff, died by drowning in the Isle of Skye on the west coast of Scotland. McCabe. D. C., a British District Commissioner was killed in an earthquake in the Naga Hills of Assam. Mcttenius. Georg Heinrich (1823-66). who had served as Director in Leipzig, died of cholera. Meyer. Frank Nicholas (1875-1918). American professional collector in China, was drowned in the Yanguc. Montbret, A. F. E. (1780-1801). accompanied Napoleon on his invasion of Egypt and died there. MoorcrofL William (17657-1825). was the pioneer of pioneers. He was the first in Gt. Britain to become a Veterinary Surgeon by going to France as the subject was not taught in Britain. He was the first veterinarian to be employed by the East India Co. He was the first to enter Tibet from India in 1814 and the first to collect a bundle of Tibetan plants which he sent to London. He was the first to collect a bundle of plants in Ladakh and Kashmir, which he sent to Wallich in Calcutta. Instead of going home by sea he tried to go by a land route from North India through Afghanistan but he either died of disease or was murdered and never reached home. FEBRUARY 1984 $1 Motley, James J. (d. 1 859). who had collected many plants for Hooker of Kew was murdered with his family in Lahuan, Borneo. Oldenland, H. B., died in 1 69 1 at the Cape of Good Hope .where h* had collected for the Dutch from 1663—. He was a Danish doctor. 4 Oldham, Richard (1837-64). a Kew Horticulturist, died of dysentery in Amoy, China. Parle, Mungo (1771-1805), a Scot, proteg£ of Banks, collected in India and Sumatra and died while trying to trace the course of the Niger River in Africa. Philippi, Theodore (x-1851), Ass't Berlin Herbarium, died in Chile. Picrot, Dr. Jacob (1812-41), Leiden, Holland, importer of Javanese plants, collector in Japan, died in Macao, China. Popenoe, Dorothy Kate, ntc Hughes (1899-1923). Kew agronomist before marriage, died in Guate¬ mala. Wife of F. W. Popenoe. Porter, George (fl. 1800-34), Overseer Calcutta Botanical Garden until 1 822 and then SupT at Penang, where he died. Przcwalski, Nicolai M. (1839-88), rose from Private to Major General and after collecting 1700 species in Central Asia died of typhoid in Turkestan. He hoped to reach Llassa. Quartin-Dillon. Richard (x-1841). a Frenchman, died in Ethopia after making large and valuable collections. Redowsky, Ivan (1774-1807), a Russian botanical explorer in N. E. Asia and Kamchatka, was killed as a spy. Robinson. Charles Budd (1871-191 3). a Canadian with a Columbia University degree was employed by the Manila Bureau of Science. He went to Amboina to collect and made the mistake of going out alone and was murdered by superstitious headhunters w'ho had not seen a while man before. Roscher. Albrecht (1836-60), was killed in S. E. Africa, near Nyaasa. Roucher, J. A, (1745-94), of Montpelier. France, patron of natural science, was guillotined in the Revolution. Rouchtria Planch. Rumphius, Georg Ebcrhard (1628-1702), did not die in an earthquake in Amboina but he lost his wife and oldest child. Schlagtntweit. In 1854 three remarkable brothers. Hermann (1826-82), Adolf (1829-57) and Robert Schlagfritwdt (1833-85) went to India as geographical explorers and plant collectors under the auspices of the King of Prussia. The East India Co. was so pleased with their work and abilities that it employed them. For about four years they explored together and separately. They visited the most difficult parts of the Western Himalayas and the Trans-Himalaya and also worked in Tibet. One brother, Adolf, travelled as far as Chinese Turkestan where he was murdered in 1857. Schvrcigcr, A. F. (1783-1821), was murdered while collecting in Sicily. Seeuen. Ulrich Jasper (1767-181 1), for whom Seetsenia was named was poisoned in Yemen, South Arabia, while exploring for plants while disguised as a Muslim. Slocks, Dr. John Ellerton (1822-54). was a vaccinator for the East India Co. He reached Bombay in 1847 and at once began to collect. He made pioneer collections in both Sind and Baluchistan. He took his plants home to name them but died before he could do so. His collection was sent to Boissier who used it in preparing his Flora Orientals. Stoliczka, Ferdinand (1838-74), a geologist and naturalist, accompanied the second Forsythe Expe¬ dition to Turkestan. He died on the Karakorum Pass (18.550 ft.) on the return trip. AUardia sfolicikui C. B. Clarke and Sax(fraga stoiiczkae Duthie were named for him. He probably died from appen¬ dicitis. Wallis, Gustav ( 1 830-78), crossed the Amazon basin from ocean to ocean and died of fever in Ecuador. Willisel, Thomas— away back in 1675 was sent to Jamaica to collect and his death was said to be due to the climate. Some of the greatest collectors anywhere have been French missionaries on the Chinese - Tibetan border. It is a very rich area botanically. One of them, Pfcre Delavay (1834-95), collected and pressed with his own hands 200,000 specimens. He caught the plague and nearly died but recovered. Some of his colleagues were not as fortunate and were murdered by fanatical Tibetan lamas. Jean Andrt Soulii (1858-1905) was tortured and shot. Pere J. T. Monteig and Fathers Bourdonnec and Dubemard were murdered. Monteig was cut in pieces. 52 TAXON VOLUME 33 Whence Chrysothamnus ? Some of you have been following the nomenclatural meanderings of our native rabbitbrushes, which (depending on one’s age) have mi¬ grated from Bigelovia, to Chrysothamnus, and thence to Ericameria. With the advent of the Compositae volumes of Flora of North America (Oxford University Press), we can now present an update to our lost sheep. You may choose to follow the shepherd, or not. Chrysothamnus depressus Nuttall Ericameria depressa (Nuttall) L.C. Anderson Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene Bigelovia greenei Gray Chrysothamnus filifolius Rydberg Chrysothamnus greenei (Gray) Greene subsp. filifolius (Rydberg) Hall & Clements Ericameria filifolia (Rydberg) L.C. Anderson Ericameria greenei (Gray) Nesom Chrysothamnus vaseyi (Gray) Greene Bigelovia vaseyi Gray Chrysothamnus bakeri Greene Ericameria vaseyi (A Gray) L.C. Anderson Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Greene Chrysothamnus elegans Greene Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. elegans (Greene) Hall & Clements Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. lanceolatus (Nuttall) Hall & Clements Ericameria viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson subsp. lanceolata (Nuttall) L.C. Anderson Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall var. viscidiflorus Bigelovia douglasii Gray var. stenophpylla Gray Chrysothamnus glaucus A. Nelson Chrysothamnus serrulatus Rydberg Chrysothamnus stenophyllus (Gray) Greene Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. stenophyllus (Gray) Hall & Clements Ericameria viscidiflora (Hooker) L.C. Anderson Ericameria cuneata (Gray) McClatchie var. spathulata (Gray) H.M. Hall Bigelovia spathulata Gray Haplopappus cuneatus Gray var. spathulatus (Gray) Blake Ericameria laricifolia (Gray) Shinners Chrysoma laricifolia (Gray) Greene Haplopappus laricifolius Gray Ericameria linearifolia (A.P. de Candolle) Urbatsch & Wussow Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arenaria (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. arenarius Anderson Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. bigelovii (Torrey) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus bigelovii (Gray) Greene Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp bigelovii (Gray) Hall & Clements Linosyrts bigelovii Gray Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nuttall) Reveal & Schuyler Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray Chrysocoma graveolens Nuttall Chrysothamnus confims Greene Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nuttall) Greene Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp graveolens (Nuttall) Hall Sc Clements Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var glabrata (A Gray) Nesom & Baird Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. hololeuca (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp gnaphalodes (Greene) Hall Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. latis- quamea (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird Bigelovia graveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. appendiculata Eastwood Bigeloviagraveolens (Nuttall) Gray var. latisquamea Gray Chrysothamnus appendiculatus (Eastwood) Heller Chrysothamnus latisquameus (Gray) Greene Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. latisquameus (Gray) H. & S. Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. nitida (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. nitidus Anderson Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. oreophila (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. arta (A. Nel¬ son) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. consimilis (Greene) Hall & Clements Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. pinifolius (Greene) Hall & Clements Chrysothamnus pinifolius Greene Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. texensis (L.C. Anderson) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas ex Pursh) Britton subsp. texensis Anderson Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var. turbinata (M.E. Jones) Nesom Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. affinis (A. Nelson) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp affinis (A. Nelson) L.C. Anderson Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. attenuaia (M.E. Jones) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus newberryi Rydberg Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. attenuatus (M.E. Jones) Hall & Clements Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Nesom & Baird Chrysothamnus howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Greene Chrysothamnus parryi (Gray) Greene subsp. howardii (Parry ex A. Gray) Hall & Clements Ericameria parryi (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird var. parryi Lorandersonia baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L.C. Anderson subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Stand- ley) L.C. Anderson Chrysothamnus baileyi Wooton & Standley Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. baileyi (Wooton & Standley) Hall & Clements Lorandersonia Unifolia (Greene) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig Chrysothamnus linifolius Greene Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hooker) Nuttall subsp. linifolius (Greene) Hall & Clements Ericameria linifolia (Greene) L.C. Anderson Lorandersonia microcephalus (Cronquist) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig Haplopappus microcephalus Cronquist Ericameria microcephala (Cronquist) Kartesz & Gandhi Tonestus microcephalus (Cronquist) Nesom & Morgan Lorandersonia pulchella (Gray) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig Bigelovia pulchella Gray Chrysothamnus elarior Standley Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene subsp. elatior (Standley) Hall & Clements Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L C. Anderson Ericameria pulchella (Gray) L C. Anderson var. elatior (Standley) L.C. Ander¬ son Linosyris pulchella Gray Lorandersonia spathulata (L.C. Anderson) Urbatsch, Roberts & Neubig Chrysothamnus spathulatus L.C. Anderson Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Nuttall) Hooker subsp ludens Shinners Ericameria spathulata (L C Anderson) L.C. Anderson CD What’s in a Name? Suckleya suckleyjana . . “George Suckley (1830-1869) was bom in New York City and graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now a part of Columbia University) in September 1851. In April 1853 Suckley was appointed assistant surgeon and naturalist to the Pacific Railroad Survey of the 47th and 49th parallels between St. Paul, Minnesota, and Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, under the command of Isaac I. Stevens. His work on the survey included a 1,049 mile, 53-day canoe trip down the Bitter Root, Clark's Fork, and Columbia Rivers to Fort Vancouver, during which he made extensive natural history collections. On December 2, 1853, Suckley was commissioned Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. He was ordered to duty at Fort Steilacoom, Washington Territory, where he remained until June 12, 1854, when he was transferred to Fort Dalles, Oregon Territory. In July 1854, Suckley obtained leave of absence for six months, which he partially spent collecting natural history specimens in Panama with James G. Cooper. Suckley resigned from the Army on October 3, 1856, and for the next five years pursued his interest in natural history. During this period, Suckley was assigned to write the re¬ ports on the mammals and salmonidae collected by the Northwest Boundary Survey of 1857. In 1859 he co¬ authored with James G. Cooper, The Natural History of Washington Territory, which was based primarily on data and observations made while serving with the Pacific Railroad Survey. On the outbreak of the Civil War, Suckley rejoined the Army and was commissioned Surgeon of Volunteers. He served for the duration of the war, resigning April 22, 1865. Suckley died July 30, 1869, in New York City.” — William E. Cox, Smithsonian Institution Archives [http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7191.htm] Eponymy: • Squalus suckleyi, a shark • Catostomus sucklii, a sucker fish • Falco columbarius suckleyi, a falcon • Atriplex suckleyi (Torrey) Rydberg, a flowering plant, Suckley’s orach, in the Chenopodiaceae (not in New Mexico) • Suckleya suckleyana (Torrey) Rydberg, a New Mexico flowering plant, poison SUCKLEYA, in the Chenopodiaceae Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Robert Sivinski [NM Forestry Division, P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] Cryptantha flavoculata (A. Nelson) Payson (Boraginaceae): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Beclabito area, ca. 1.25 miles NW of Beclabito Day School, T31N R21W Sec 35, 5740 ft, Morrison Formation, pifton-juniper woodland with sagebrush, cliffrose, and blue grama, 12 April 2001. Arnold Clifford 01-81 (SJNML [First record for New Mexico.] — Kelly Allred 1MSC Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Muhlenbergia arsenei A.S. Hitchcock (Poaceae): McKinley County : Chaco Mesa, top of mesa, on rim road ca. 2 miles nw of windmill, nearly directly across from horseshoe-shaped mesa. Mesa Verde group, large boulder monoliths, pinon pine, Utah juniper, rabbitbrush, 7090 ft, 24 Sep 2000, K. Heil & A. Clifford 15930 (SJNM). [First record for McKinley County for this grass on the New Mexico Rare Plants list; also known from Sandoval and Santa Fe counties, Arizona, Utah, California, Mexico] — Wynn Anderson 13015 Piedmont, El Paso, TX 79902], Robert Sivinski fNM Forestry Division, P.O B. 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504], and Kelly Allred 1MSC Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Adenophyllum w right ii A. Gray var. wrightii (Asteraceae, Wright’s dogweed): Sierra County: Black Range, Percha Canyon, ca 4 miles W of Hillsboro on Hwy 152, roadside ditch, N32°54'53.4" W107°38'34.2" (WGS 84), 7 Oct 2006, R. Sivinski & W. Anderson 6220 fUNML Gila Natl. For., Gourd Ridge, about 0.2 mi W of forest boundary off of hwy 59, grama grassland with some scattered juniper, approx. N33°28.339 W107°42.907, 7182 ft (2200 m), 14 Aug 2000, Lans Stavast s.n. (NMCR). [First published records for Sierra County for this species on the New Mexico Rare Plants list; about 40 miles northwest of known Grant County sites, on the eastern side of the Gila National Forest.] — Rav Turner fDesert Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, 1675 West Anklam Road, Tucson A Z 85745] Adolphia infesta (Kunth) Meisner (Rhamnaceae, Texas junco): Hidalgo County: 1 .5 miles west of Alamo Hueco Ranch headquarters, approx. N31°25’46” W108°27’3”, 4700 ft. Mar 2002, Rav Turner s.n. (ARIZ). [This is the second record of this species from the state.] — Richard Spellenberg fDept. Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Erigeron nivalis Nuttall (Asteraceae, snowy fleabane): Sandoval County: Jemez Mts, Redondo Peak, Ludwig & Smith 1368 & Reif et al. 2403 (NMC). [det by Guy Nesom] — Cockerell & Andrews [Cockerell. T.D.A. & D M. Andrews. 1936 A new goldenrod from northern New Mexico. Torreya 36(2):35-36 ] Solidago capulinensis Cockerell & Andrews (Asteraceae, Mount Capulin goldenrod): Union County: Mount Capulin National Monument, D.M. Andrews s.n. (NY). — Patrick Alexander IPept Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Croton monanthogynus Michaux (Euphorbiaceae, prairie-tea): Eddy County: South Texas Hill Canyon Research Natural Area, ( Continued on page 8, Plant Reports) Publication and Subscription Information ‘The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist M SC Box 3-f New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/ welcome.html?t=rsh Kelly Allred (Plant Reports, continued from page 7) 20 Sep 2001, R-S. Peterson 01-508 (NMC). — Robert Sivinski INM Forestry Division, P.Cf Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504] Ostrya knowllonii Coville (Betulaceae, Knov/lton’s hop-hornbeam): Otero County: Sacramento Mountains, Alamo Canyon above confluence with Purgatory Canyon, NAD 83, E419134 N3634760, limestone canyon bottom with Fraxinus velutina & Vitis arizonica, several dozen trees along V* mile of canyon, 25 July 2006, R.C. Sivinski & P. Tonne 6083 (UNM). [This fills out the distribution of this little-seen shrub, occurring from the Guadalupe Mts across the Sacramento Mts, to the Organ Mts.] 03 “Some people dismiss taxonomies and their revisions as mere exercises in abstract ordering - a kind of glorified stamp collecting of no scientific merit and fit only for small minds who need to categorize their results. No view could be more false and more inappropriately arrogant. Taxonomies are reflections of human thought; they express our most fundamental concepts about the objects of our universe. Each taxonomy is a theory about the crea¬ tures that it classifies.” - S.J. Gould, in Forward to “Five Kingdoms” by Margulis and Schwartz. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. IT 1U %m "Mam SokM r 37 February Number 37 23, 2007 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of /Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. - ' * vs? In This Issue — • /'Fendlerella . 1 • Chamaesyce vi I lifer a in New Mexico? . .....3 ✓ Plant Collecting in New Mexico . 4 • Botanical Literature ...6 • Plant Reports . 7 Tortuous Taxonomy of the Utah Little Fendlerbush Larry Hufford Marion Ownbey Herbarium, School of Biological Sciences Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4238 [From his web-blog: Botanizing (http://botanizing.typepad.com/botanizing/), 12 August 2006; used by permission] The varieties of perception and powerful opinions can make a tortuous history of taxonomy. Tax¬ onomies give us names, and biological taxonomies, we hope, reflect entities, such as species and varie¬ ties, that exist in nature. How to define such entities, especially those things we would call species, has engendered a voluminous debate, which has raged ceaselessly since the Enlightenment, but I’m less con¬ cerned here with those definitions than I am with perception and opinion. Whatever definition we use for species, varieties, and other taxonomic ranks, it is the characters of organisms that provide the data for our decision-making. There have been, however, those taxonomists who have had such intuitive power that characters seem to have been superfluous to their decision¬ making. All knowledge, 1 suppose, comes ultimately from some opinion, but taxonomy has suffered from the opinions of powerful taxonomists who have used intuition more other than characters. Percep¬ tion, too, is influenced by opinion, but I want to think of it here as an issue of weighting — that is, some taxonomists may focus undue attention on one or a small set of characters to the exclusion of other varia¬ tion, which effectively weights those few characters more in the process of decision-making. I have a loan of specimens of Fendlerella (little fendlerbush), a genus in the hydrangea family, from major herbaria, and I wanted know whether the specimens were identified correctly. That sounds like a simple-enough problem, but behind that lies the issue whether the taxonomic names for species of Fendlerella correspond to discrete patterns of character variation found in the distribution of the genus in nature. The name Fendlerella was first used by E. L. Greene in 1881 to describe what he thought was an un¬ described, new species. Here’s Greene’s description of the discovery: “Last September, while exploring the highest rocky summits of the San Francisco Mountains of South-eastern Arizona, 1 came upon some bushes growing in the rocky crevices, and the first sight of which called forth the exclamation: ‘A second species of Fendlera'.’” The taxonomy that Greene created with the name Fendlerella was not a new genus but a part of the existing genus Fendlera. That suffix — ella connotes something diminutive, and Greene was telling us that this new species was a second, small species of Fendlera which he called Fendlera cymosa. By 1881, however, “one of my correspondents,” Greene wrote, had told him the new, diminutive Fendlera — the Fendlerella — had already been described by Sereno Watson as Whipplea utahen- sis. Whipplea was, by this time, a genus known already from a species, Whipplea modesta , that was found in shady forests of the hills and mountains along the Pacific Coast of North America, as well as Watson’s Whipplea utahensis, which was described from a collection made on the Colorado Plateau. In one of those little circles of natural history personalities, it is curious that the first specimen of Whipplea utahensis was collected by Ellen Thompson. Ellen lived in Kanab, a small town in southern Utah, but the collection was made while she was exploring canyons with her brother John Wesley Powell. Powell, a one-armed, visionary explorer, is known, of course, for his adventures on the Colorado River and de¬ scription of the Grand Canyon. Greene accepted that his Fendlera cymosa was the same kind of plant that Watson had earlier de¬ scribed Whipplea utahensis, but he didn’t accept that the plant from the Colorado Plateau could be in the same genus as the Pacific coastal Whipplea modesta. Taxonomically, Greene made what is called a new combination — he “combined” Whipplea utahensis with Fendlera to make the name Fendlera utahen¬ sis. In Greene’s mind Fendlera utahensis would now include the plant he had originally called Fendlera cymosa and this plant would be more closely related to the other known species of Fendlera [Fendlera (Continued on page 2, Fendlerella ) Jgotftnice est ^cientifl ^yV^turnlis gune ^/egetnbiliuro cogoirtorem trndit. — %£> innneus graphically. . Although Kearney and Peebles did not provide data to support their contention, their ideas are easy to test. The specimens I have on (Fendlerella. continued from page I) rupicola), which as was also distributed in the southwestern U.S., than to Whipplea modesta. Amos Heller was one of the early botanical gypsies of the American West. He roamed the west in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Heller had round cheeks and glasses, thin hair and a thick mustache, and he was a prolific plant collector and writer. Heller enters our story' in 1898, when he wrote that Fendlera (or Whipplea) utahensis “is not a Whipplea" but “neither does it agree much better with the genus Fendlera. He listed the characteris¬ tics of Fendlera that made it much at odds with the plant that Wat¬ son’s Whipplea utahensis and Greene’s Fendlera utahensis. Heller’s solution was to leave us with a genus Fendlera that had the single species. Fendlera rupicola. with a genus Whipplea that had a single species. Whipplea modesta. and to make a new genus for the plant from the Colorado Plateau. Heller reached back to Greene’s name Fendlerella for this new genus, creating Fendlerella utahensis as the name for the plant that Watson had called Whipplea utahensis and Greene had called first Fendlera cymosa and then Fendlera utahen¬ sis While the name Fendlerella utahensis established itself, the idea of Greene’s Fendlera cymosa was not lost. Wooton and Standley in 1913 described a new species as Fendlerella cymosa, curiously at¬ tributing the name to Greene. To further confuse things, Wooton and Standley based the new species on plants collected in the mountains of southeastern Arizona, especially the Huachuca Mountains, but also the San Luis and Organ Mountains of New Mexico, and Guadalupe Mountains of Texas This constrasts with Greene’s sense of cymosa as a plant of the Colorado Plateau from the northern Arizona region (San Francisco Peaks). What Wooton and Standley didn’t tell us was how their Fendlerella cymosa was different from Fendlerella utahen¬ sis. Not enough different was the answer of T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles. In 1939, they combined Fendlerella cymosa with Fendlerella utahensis to create the variety Fendlerella utahensis var. cymosa. They are effectively telling us that the plants from south¬ eastern Arizona, southern New' Mexico, and western Texas are differ¬ ent from the Colorado Plateau Fendlerella utahensis but not different enough to be a separate species. Kearney and Peebles explained that “leaves are normally narrower and more acute in variety cymosa than in typical F utahensis and the two forms are widely separated geo¬ loan cover the geographic range of the cymosa and utahensis forms. To test the ideas that leaves of the cymosa form are narrower than those of the utahensis form, 1 simply measured leaf lamina lengths and widths to calculate a length to width ratio and plotted those ratios with populations segregated by the regions where Wooton and Standley as well as Kearney and Peebles recognized the entities utahensis and cymosa as differing. The results of this simple test show that many, but not all, indi¬ viduals from the southern part of the range, where the cymosa entity has been recognized by some botanists, have much narrower leaf laminas than are found among populations to the north on the Colo¬ rado Plateau and in Nevada. The results, however, show something unexpected based on the writing of Kearney and Peebles: leaves of both Colorado Plateau/Nevada region and the southern area (Mexico, Texas, New' Mexico, and southern Arizona) have extensively over¬ lapping ranges for length:width ratios. We find simply a greater range of lengthiwidth ratios, including far narrower leaves, among more southern populations than among those of the Colorado Plateau and Mohave Desert. The contention of Kearney and Peebles that the southern populations have narrower leaves than the northern is only partly, perhaps insufficiently, true — it might be better to say that both regions have continuous variation in leaf lengthiwidth ratios with considerable overlap in the range of values. This differing range of variation between northern and southern populations may point to genetic differences or simply different envi¬ ronmental selection regimes. We would need to conduct further re¬ search to distinguish between those alternatives. As for the contention of Kearny and Peebles that northern and southern populations are geographically widely separated, this also is not strictly true. The extensive collections that are now available show that populations extend continuously from the Colorado Pla¬ teau to those in the south through the mountains of western New Mexico. What does all of this mean for the taxonomy of Fendlerellal The results show' greater ambiguity than some of the earlier perceptions and opinions might have led us to expect. The greater variation in the leaves of the southern populations may have a ( Continued on page 3, Fendlerella ) Range for Mexico, Texas, Nev.- Mexico, and southern Arizona I - 1 Range for Colorado Plateau (including northern Arizona) and Nevada I - 1 *• • ■iimw — — mu • « MM IMtM • » M • I — I — I — \ — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — I — \ — I — I — I — I — I — I — I 2 3 4 5 6 7 Leaf Lamina Length:Width Ratio • Colorado Plateau (Colorado and Utah) and Nevada • Colorado Plateau (northern Arizona) • Mexico, Texas. New Mexico, and southern Arizona Each dot is the length width ratio for one of the two largest leaves on a specimen For each specimen the two largest leaves were measured and included on the plot. The specimens are color coded by geographic rpglon. Those populations from Mpxico, Texas, Npw Mexico and southern Anzona, '■•presenting the entity thal has been called fendlerella cymosa != fendlerella utahensis variety < ynoso), are shown in red Those populations from the northern part of the Colorado Plateau (Utah and Colorado) and Mohave Uesert from Nevada, representing the entity that has been called fendlerella utahensis I fendlerella utahensis variety utahensisl. arc shown in black Colorado Plateau populations from northern Arizona, < cnpspondmg to the area from which Greene collected the material he originally considered to be fendletacymosa (= fendlerella cymoso). are shown in green The ranges for both the entire Colorado Plateau and the Mexico, Texas, New Mexico and southern Arizona groups are shosvn above the graph ol leaf length-width ratios. I \\l#/ Page3 k (Fendlerella, continued from page 2) genetic and evolutionary basis, which would be interesting to investi¬ gate. Even if this is discovered to be true, it might not be sufficient to accept that all southern populations form a species or variety dif¬ ferent from the Fendlerella utahensis on the Colorado Plateau. Rather than focusing on leaf variation, the next research might better investigate whether we can identify genetically unique sets of populations across the geography of Fendlerella. For example, my survey of leaf variations recovered distinctive populations in a hand¬ ful of geographic enclaves. Each of these distinctive population sets may be reproductively isolated and genetically differentiated — each possibly representing different species. I would also like to harken back to Heller’s idea that Fendlerella is something different from both Fendlera and Whipplea. Our mo¬ lecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Greene was wrong to ally his Fendlerella with Fendlera rather than with Whipplea. Our studies show that Fendlerella is more closely related to Whipplea than to Fendlera. Although Fendlerella and Whipplea, as they have been distinguished now for many decades, differ in vegetative form and geography, they have nearly identical flowers. We need further research to test whether the Pacific coastal Whipplea evolved from Fendlerella, especially its populations in Mexico. If Whipplea mode- sta evolved from ancestral Fendlerella, then Watson may have been correct after all in naming originally populations from Utah as Whipplea utahensis. The taxonomic problems of the Utah little fendlerbush may not be resolved, but 1 believe we can go beyond the limitations of opin¬ ion and the weight of perception by testing ideas with data. Notes I quote E. L. Greene from "Emendation of the Genus Fendlera" in Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 8: 25-26 (1881) and T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles from "New Species, Varieties, and Com¬ binations" in Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 29: 474-492 (1939). I discuss information from A. A. Heller (1898) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 25: 626-629 and Wooton and Standley (1913) Contributions to the U. S. National Herbarium 16: 109-196. Biographical information for selected botanists was taken from John H. Thomas (1979) "Botanical Explorations in Washington, Ore¬ gon, California, and Adjacent Regions" Huntia 3(1). £0 Chamaesyce villi f era in New Mexico? Eugene Jercinovic P.O. Box 246, Torreon, NM 87061 I have recently been reviewing specimens of various species of Chamaesyce in order to elucidate the status of the genus in New Mexico and to develop a local key. There are 28 species listed under Chamaesyce in the Working Index of New Mexico Vascu¬ lar Plant Names (Allred 2007). By examining material at NMC, NMCR, and UNM, I have been able to locate representative specimens of 27 of the 28 species listed. One remains elusive, namely Chamaesyce villifera (Scheele) Small. Not a single sheet exists in any of the three herbaria, and no listing appears in the INRAM database from either SNM or ENMU. Chamaesyce villifera is listed in the Working Index as a result of the citation in A Flora of New Mexico by Martin and Hutchins (1980, 1981). Of the 24 taxa now recognized as Chamaesyce in New Mexico listed by Martin and Hutchins, C. villifera is unique in being described as "Probably flowering from May to Octo¬ ber." No others include the word "probably" in describing the flowering period. This would seem to imply the lack of a vouchered specimen. In addition, the typical range of C. villifera does not seem to include New Mexico. Louis Cutter Wheeler, in his 1941 treatise on the group, describes the range as "Texas, south to Oaxaca, Yucatan, and Guatemala." His range map shows the plant's only presence in the United States occurs in the state of Texas. Correll and Johnston (1970) in their Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas describe the range as "Dry uplands, Trans-Pecos and Edwards Plateau e. to Bell and Travis cos., May-Oct.; Tex. s. and s.e. to Guat. and Yuc.", again implying that this plant does not appear outside Texas in the United States. Thus, in view of documentation to the contrary, it would appear that Chamaesyce villifera does not occur in New Mexico and should be deleted from the Working Index. References Allred, K.W. 2007. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names, online at http://spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/academic.html? i= 1 742. Correll, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp. Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins. 1980-81 . A Flora of New Mexico. Vols. 1 & 2. J. Cramer, Germany. Wheeler, L.C. 1941. Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce in Canada and the United States exclusive of southern Florida. RJtodora 43:97-154,168-205,223-286. £□ JJotang is the no turn l science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/Jinnaeus Plant Collection in New Mexico Robert C. Sivinski NM Forestry Division, P.0 Box 1948 Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 Introduction The Institute of Natural Resource Analysis and Management (fNRAM) made its on-line Internet debut in 2005. INRAM (2005) is becoming a comprehensive database of all the biological collections in five muse¬ ums at New Mexico universities. These include the herbarium in the University of New Mexico’s Museum of Southwestern Biology (UNM); the Biology Department (NMC) and Range Science (NMCR) herbaria at New Mexico State University; the Dale Zimmerman Herbarium at Western New Mexico University (SNM); and the herbarium at Eastern New Mexico University (ENMU). This ambitious database project is still incomplete and has several operational problems and limitations, but can be made better with renewed funding and stewardship. At this time, the INRAM database contains the collection records of 122,426 New Mexico plant specimens - enough to make a general assessment of more than a century of efforts in this state by botanical collectors. The IN RAM database can be searched by taxon and location, so a broad assessment of collections for counties and some common plant families reveals interesting insights. Plant Collection Patterns Specimen tallies for each New Mexico county are illustrated in Figure 1 Not surprising, counties that have university research herbaria (Bernalillo, Dona Ana, Grant, and Roosevelt) are relatively better col¬ lected than some adjacent counties of similar size. Counties with sig¬ nificant areas of public domain, especially national forests, also are generally better collected than adjacent counties with less public access. For instance, Valencia County is relatively close to the University of New Mexico, but has very little public land and is poorly collected. Taos County is approximately 50% public domain. It is much better collected than adjacent Colfax and Mora counties, which have similar or even more species diversity, but very little public land. The eastern one-third of New Mexico is mostly privately owned and generally closed to public access. This limitation is one of the reasons the plants of eastern counties are so poorly represented in New Mexico herbaria. Remoteness does not appear to be a significant limiting factor for plant collectors. If a remote area has a diverse and interesting flora, botanists will be drawn to it For instance, Hidalgo County is remote, but has a rich, unique flora that entices botanists to collect there. As a result, Hidalgo County is relatively well represented in the major New Mexico herbaria Likewise, the diverse floras of the Organ, Sacramento, and Guadalupe mountains, and the mountain ranges of southwestern New Mexico have inspired botanical collectors to document the floras in those counties Plant collectors have apparently focused more efforts in areas with diverse habitats and rich floras than in more monotonous regions, such as the shortgrass prairie counties of eastern New Mexico. I he pattern of collection efforts, which have focused on certain counties or areas in New Mexico, can be attributed to botanists concentrating on counties that are either proximate to universities and/or have large areas of public land with relatively high species diversity Socorro Count)', however, stands out w ith a comparatively higher number of plant speci¬ mens recorded in the INRAM database. This is the result of relatively intense collection activities on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Figure 1. Plant collection efforts by county in New Mexico Numbers indicate specimens entered into the INRAM (2005) database from five New Mexico herbaria Nearly one-fifth of the specimens recorded for Socorro County are from the Sevilleta. Collection efforts are also somewhat uneven among taxonomic groups. Table I shows the 15 largest vascular plant families in New Mexico and their individual percentage of the total state flora. Their specimen rep¬ resentation in the INRAM database allows a comparison of collection effort to taxon diversity for each family. The Poaceae, Scrophulari- aceae, Rosaceae, Cactaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Boraginaceae come closest to being proportionally represented in New Mexico herbaria compared to their contributions of species to the total state flora. The over-representation of the Poaceae is undoubtedly the result of the agrostology emphasis at New Mexico State University - Range Science Herbarium. That the Cactaceae is almost proportionally represented in the database is surprising considering the difficulty of preparing sped- !| mens from these succulent plants. However, cacti are popular plants with some very dedicated collectors such as the first curator of the UNM Herbarium, Edward Castetter, and his associates. Table 1. Specimen representation of the 1 5 largest New Mexico vascular plant families in five New Mexico herbaria (from INRAM 2005) and percent contribu¬ tion of each family to the total number of state vascular plant taxa (from Allred 2003) Family Herbarium Specimens % of Collection % of NM Flora Asteraceae 16,237 13.36 17.25 Poaceae 14,653 12.06 11.27 Fabaceae 7,486 6 16 7.99 Brassicaceae 3,371 2.77 3.99 Cyperaceae 1,525 1.25 3.36 Scrophulariaceae 3,985 3.28 3.28 Polygonaceae 2,116 1.74 2 33 Cactaceae 2,692 2.22 2.33 Rosaceae 2,703 2.22 2.13 ( Continued on page 5, Plant Collecting) (Plant Collecting, Continued from page 4) Boraginaceae 1,897 1.56 1.84 Chenopodiaceae 1,633 1.34 1.81 Euphorbiaceae 1,494 1.23 1.79 Lamiaceae 1,550 1.28 1.74 Onagraceae 1,576 1.30 1.69 Ranunculaceae 1,687 1.39 1.62 Most of the other large families are represented by specimens at about three-quarters of the numbers they should be in the overall combined collection. This is likely the result of smaller families with common species (Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Zygophyllaceae, etc.) being dispro- portionally represented with large numbers of specimens in herbaria. When some families are over-represented, other families will be under¬ represented in proportion to the total collection. Collection efforts for Cyperaceae are unusually low. This species-rich family is collected at a rate of about one-third of what it should be. The difficulty of identi¬ fying Cyperaceae species, especially in the genus Carex, and lack of a good regional dichotomous key have apparently caused many botanists to overlook this family in their New Mexico collection activities. The Future The most exciting aspect of the 1RAM database is that it has the poten¬ tial to become a continuously updated geospatial atlas for the New Mexico flora. At this time, the specimen records in the INRAM data¬ base are sufficient in number to display (when fully functional) the county distributions of most common plants in New Mexico. How¬ ever, county lines are political abstractions that provide very little phy¬ togeographic information. The future of this database includes plans for conversion of specimen label locality information to geographically referenced point data that can be placed on maps of New Mexico to¬ pography, watershed basins, geology, floristic regions, ecological com¬ munities, and land ownership. The UNM Herbarium currently has over 60% of its specimens georeferenced. The ability to visualize and document species distributions in context with the land would have great utility for science and land management. New Mexico botanists (professionals and keen amateurs) can help make this dream come true. We need more people to go to the field to bring back plant specimens for our New Mexico university herbaria. New Mexico is the fifth larg¬ est state in the union and ranks forth in plant species diversity (NatureServe 2002). Yet our specimen documentation of that diversity is relatively low compared to other states with similar size and flora. For instance, the three largest university herbaria in Arizona (ASU, UA, NAU) collectively have 720,000 specimens while the three largest New Mexico university herbaria (UNM, NMC, NMCR) total only 205,000 specimens. Only a small number of New Mexico collectors are presently contributing to our university herbarium collections. The trend for plant specimen acquisition at UNM has significantly declined from its peak decade during the 1960s (Prather et al. 2004). We can do better. Federal and state agency botanists and biologists should convince their supervisors that specimen documentation of the flora within their jurisdictions is worthy of their time and effort. Plant collection and specimen preparation should be made a part of the job. Keen amateurs that go to the field simply for the love of botanical ex¬ ploration should be encouraged to collect specimens for our university herbaria. With a little guidance and encouragement from herbarium curators, amateur botanists can provide significant specimen contribu¬ tions and can also be a source of volunteer help for specimen process¬ ing and data entry tasks. Botanical collectors need to consider the future utility of their speci¬ mens when deciding which herbarium to deposit them. Plant speci¬ mens in obscure herbaria in agency offices or local community institu¬ tions are unlikely to be studied by other botanists or entered into the 1NRAM database. One notable exception is the San Juan Community College Herbarium (SJCC), which experienced a flurry of collection and study during the last decade for the publication of a San Juan Flora (in prep ). Hopefully, the thousands of northwestern New Mexico specimens at SJCC will eventually be incorporated into the INRAM database, but this is not certain. If you do collect for obscure herbaria, it is only a little extra effort to make duplicate specimens for one of the five university herbaria participating in INRAM. UNM has the great¬ est potential for expansion due increased storage capacity in its new facilities. Botanists should also use the INRAM database to guide their collection efforts. Additional specimens of species from places where they have already been collected have less utility than specimens from new loca¬ tions. Species with no, or few, database records in the counties where they occur should be sought out and vouchered. A quick look at the county floras generated by INRAM can indicate which species need collection for good county coverage. I can see four species (Yucca baccata, Houstonia rubra , Nama retrorsum, Lepdium latifolium) in the arroyo near my home in Santa Fe that have not been recorded in the database for Santa Fe County. I will be sure to voucher them next year. Collectors also need to consult the database to identify taxa that are under-represented in university collections compared to their abun¬ dance and distribution. Additional specimens of under-collected spe¬ cies of Carex, Cuscuta, Toxicodendron, Agavaceae, Viscaceae, exotic plants, etc. will be especially valuable in providing additional collec¬ tion points to accurately map their distributions. New Mexico is very large state with many out-of-the-way places that are poorly, or not at all, sampled by plant collectors. General collec¬ tions, including dominant plants, should occur in these less visited areas to ensure their floras are known and represented in herbaria. Mountain ranges are generally better collected than lower elevations in open areas. We need additional specimens from deserts and grasslands in all counties, but especially northern Luna County, Sierra County, Valencia County, Chaves County, eastern San Miguel and Mora coun¬ ties, and all the eastern counties. The next time you find yourself in what seems like the middle of nowhere, chances are good that no bota¬ nist has ever collected there. So fill up your plant press with every¬ thing that has flowers or fruits. Remote, low elevation areas with spe¬ cial habitats like wetlands, sand dunes, gypsum or limestone outcrops, etc. should also be generally collected for everything on them. Complete and accurate label data make plant specimens useful for phytogeographic and ecological research. The INRAM database pres¬ ently contains 5,970 New Mexico specimen records from ‘unknown’ counties. These are usually very old collections. Some may eventually be assigned counties, or even point locations, but with much additional effort. Most of these poorly labeled specimens will likely remain use¬ less for geographic mapping. Even the specimens with good narrative locations, or Township-Range-Section, label data can provide only a general location and not an accurate point location. Fortunately, recent advances in global position satellite technology have given us the abil¬ ity to pinpoint the locations of our collections. Hand-held GPS units are now affordable and every plant collector can take one to the field to document the exact latitude-longitude, or UTM location, for each specimen. Additional label data for elevation, substrate, and associate species makes each specimen that much more valuable. Botanical collectors will have to be careful not to get into trouble with (Continued on page 6, Plant Collecting) (Plant Collecting, Continued from page 5) landowners. Al present, only Bureau of Land Management lands and some public road rights-of-way are safe to collect from without land- owner permission. Other state and federal land agencies need to lighten-up. Permits or permission for collectors to take plant specimens for university herbaria should be readily available and easy to obtain. Botanists also need to put more effort into asking private landowners for permission to collect. In my experience, most landowners are willing to have plant specimens taken from their properties for university herbaria. A New Mexico floristic database for phytogeographic study and land management is a very worthy goal of the INRAM program. Its future usefulness will be determined by the amount of accurate information obtained from specimen collections. At this time, there is not enough. We desperately need more plant specimens with good label data to populate this database. I hope all New Mexico botanists and keen ama¬ teurs will shake the dust off their plant presses and contribute more specimens to our university herbaria. Collecting entails some extra work, but the results will benefit all of us and future New Mexicans. References Cited Allred, KW 2003 A statistical summary of the flora of New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 28 1-7 Available http://web.nmsu.edu/~kallred/ herbweb. INRAM. 2005 onward (continuously updated). The INRAM Biodiversity Divi¬ sion Web Site The Institute of Natural Resource Analysis and Manage¬ ment, New Mexico, USA Available http://biodiversitv.inram.org. (Accessed: December 2006). NatureServe. 2002 States of the Union Ranking America’s biodiversity. A NatureServe report prepared for The Nature Conservancy. 25 pp. Avail¬ able http://www.natureserve org. Prather, L.A., O. Alvarez-Fuentes, M H. Mayfield, and C.J. Ferguson. 2004. The decline of plant collecting in the United States: A threat to the infra¬ structure of biodiversity studies. Systematic Botany 29(1): 15-28 £9 Botanical Literature of Interest Taxonomy and Floristics Albach, D C., H.M. Meudt, & B. Oxelman. 2005 Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 92(2):297-3 15. Anderson, L.C. 2006. Ericameria rtauseosa subsp. ammophila (Asteraceae), a new rabbitbrush from the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Sida 22(2):867-872. Barkworth. M E., L.K. Anderston, J. McGrew, & D.E. Giblin. 2006. Geography and morphology of the Bromus carinatus (Poaceae: Bromeae) complex. Madrono 53(3):233-243. Barkworth, M.E., J.J.N. Campbell, & B. Salomon. 2007. Elymus, p. 288-343. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 24. Oxford University Press. Bess, E.C., A.N. Doust, G.Davidse, & E.A. Kellogg. 2006. Zuloagaea , a new genus of neotropical grass within the "bristle clade” (Poaceae: Paniceae). Syst. Bot. 31(4):656-670. [creation of the new genus Zuloagaea for Panicum bulbosum ] Cockerell, T.D.A. & D M. Andrews. 1936. A new goldenrod from northern New Mexico. Torreya 36(2):35-36. [ Solidago capulinensis] Fiz, O., P. Vargas, M L. Alarcon, & J.J. Aldasoro. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in Erodium (Geraniaceae) based on trnL-trnF sequences. Syst Bot. 3 1(4):739-763. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2006. Asteraceae. Flora of North America, vols 19-21. Oxford University Press, New York. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2007. Poaceae, part 1. Flora of North America, vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York. Hartman, R E. 2006. New combinations in the genus Cymopterus (Apiaceae) of the southwestern United States. Sida 22(2):955-957. Hartman, RE, B. Reif. B.E. Nelson. & B. Jacobs. 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida 22(2) 1225-1233. Jorgensen, M.H., R. Elven, A. Tribsch, T.M. Gabrielsen, B. Stedje, & C. Brochmann. 2006. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships in the Saxifraga rivularis complex. Syst. Bot. 31(4):702-729. Moore, M.J., A. Tye, & R.K. Jansen. 2006. Patterns of long¬ distance dispersal in Tiquilia subg. Tiquilia (Boraginaceae): implications for the origins of amphitropical disjuncts and Galapagos Islands endemics. Amer. J. Bot. 93(8): 1 163-1 177. Nesom, G.L. & B.L. Turner. 2006. New distribution records for Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) in the United States. Sida 22(2): 1 249- 1253. Reveal, J.L. 2006. Six new combinations in Dodecatheon (Primulaceae). Sida 22(2):863-865. Sanchez-del Pino, I. & H. Flores Olvera. 2006. Phylogeny of Tidestromia (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae) based on morphology. Syst. Bot. 3 1 (4):689-70 1 . Schiebout, M. 2006. Thesis: A Floristic Survey of Vascular Plant Species of Northeastern New Mexico. University of Northern Colorado (Greeley). Sivinski, R.C. 2007. Checklist of Vascular Plants in the Sandia and Manzano Mountains of Central New Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Southwestern Biology, 10:1-67. [may be accessed on¬ line at http://www.msb.unm.edu/publications/documents/OccPap-MSB- N 1 0-Sivinski2007.pdf] Smith, A.R.. K.M. Pryer, E. Schuettpelz. P. Korall, H. Schneider, & P.G. Wolf. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3):705- 731. Windham, M.D. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 2006. New and noteworthy species of Boechera (Brassicaceae) I: Sexual diploids. Harvard Papers in Botany 1 1 ( I ):6 1 -88. Windham, M.D. & I.A. Al-Shehbaz. 2007. New and noteworthy species of Boechera (Brassicaceae) II: Apomictic hybrids. Harvard Papers in Botany 1 1(2):257-274. £□ | For those unfamiliar with the torrid botanical prose of Dwight Ripley (d. 1973), herein a sample: "Yet 'pink,' inadequate word, quite j] fails to describe the brilliance and anguish and venomous perfection of this violet [Viola cazorlensis ], at sight of which the hardened botanist has been known to fall sobbing to his knees, as deeply moved as was the schoolgirl Bernadette when first confronted with the image of Our Lady It is the colour of flags, of tragedy at mid-day, and of the bullfighter's satin thighs. It is at once delicate and garish, hopelessly sophisticated, the inspiration of poets and the despair of aunts with taste." — A Journey through Spain. Quarterly j Bulletin of the Alpine Garden Society 12(1): 38-52. 1944. Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Hartman et al. (2006), q.v. for locality citations Neoparrya lilhophila Mathias Erigeron nivalis Nuttall Lactuca biennis (Moench) Femald Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus var. laciniata Betula glandulosa Michaux Cardamine cordifolia Gray var. incana Gray ex M E. Jones Draba grayana (Rydberg) C.L. Hitchcock Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson var. bourgeauanum (Thellung) Rollins *Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser Carex deweyana Schweinitz var. deweyana Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willdenow Equisetum y nelsonii (A. A. Eaton) J.H. Schaffner Juglans nigra Linnaeus *Syringa vulgaris Linnaeus Achnatherum nelsonii Scribner var. nelsonii *Cynosurus echinatus Linnaeus Piptalherum pungens (Torrey ex Sprengel) Dorn Ranunculus alismifolius Geyer ex Bentham var. montanus S. Watson *Ranunculus repens Linnaeus Geum triflorum Pursh var. triflorum Potent ilia J issa Nuttall Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch Heuchera hallii Gray Penstemon glaber Pursh var. alpinus (Torrey) Gray — Nesom & Turner (2006), q.v. for locality citations Stevia salicifolia Cavanilles — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913 ] *Lapsana communis Linnaeus (Asteraceae, nipplewort): Lincoln County: White (Sacramento) Mts, Ruidoso, along Rio Ruidoso at Gavilan Canyon Road, N33°19.58 W105°38.07, 6540 ft, 22 May 2006, R.D. Worthington 34183 (UNM, NMC, SRSC, UTEP). — Kelly Allred [Box 3-1, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus var. hispida Bentham (Lamiaceae, self- heal): Quay County: City of Logan, along Salt Lakes Road, about 3 miles west of town, near Ute Lake, weedy yard, approx. N35° 21.583 W103°27.849, 3800 ft, 20 Oct 2006, [collector unknown] (NMCR). [This is the hispid-pilose phase of self-heal, also known from Texas, 28 miles eastward.] *Pennisetum villosum R. Brown ex Fresenius (Gramineae, feathertop): Dona Ana County: Corralitos Gun Range, about 1 mile west of exit 127 of 1-10, N32°16’51.2” W106°45’16.6”, disturbed gravel, 3650 ft, 1 Nov 2006, Dominic Bell s.n. (NMCR). [First report of the escape to the wild of this increasingly common ornamental grass.] *Leymus racemosus (Lamarck) Tzvelev (Gramineae, mammoth wildrye): San Miguel County: Cowles, at junction of Pecos River and Winsor Creek, along state road 63, several plants to 6 ft tall, 8200 ft (2500 m), 29 June 200, K.W. Allred 7554 (NMCR). [Receipt of a copy of Michael Schiebout’s thesis at University of Northern Colorado, reporting Leymus racemosus from Colfax County, caused me to look again at this specimen from San Miguel County, which 1 had thought to be a giant L. cinereus : Leymus racemosus is the correct identification.] — Barkworth et. al. (2007). Elymus villosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (Gramineae, hairy wildrye): Union County [without precise locality], — Rob Strahan [New Mexico State University, Dept. Animal & Range Sciences, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steudel) A S. Hitchcock (Gramineae, Texas grama): Roosevelt County: Milnesand, The Nature Conservancy Praire Chicken Preserve, ca. 0.25 miles south of County Road 39, ca. 0.25 miles west of Hwy 206, moist sandy loam, N33°40.392 W103°23.009, low intermediate area between shin oak moats, with Chamaesyce species, Lycurus setosus, Bothriochloa ischaemum, Melampodium leucanthum, Xanthisma spinulosum, Thelesperma megapotamicum, 4260 ft, 16 September 2006, Rob Strahan 734 (NMCR). — Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM 87402] Botrychium campestre Wagner & Farrar (Ophioglossaceae, Iowa moonwort): McKinley County: Navajo Nation, Chuska Mts, southeast side of Whiskey Lake, N35°58' 38" W108°48' 40", ponderosa pine, mutton grass, Packera neomexicana, Lithophragma, and Gambel's oak, 8885 ft (2708 m), 13 Jun 2005, Ken Heil 25410 (SJC). [Det. by D. Farrar.] Antennaria dimorpha E. Nelson (Asteraceae, cushion pussytoes): San Juan County: Los Pinos River, south of La Boca Ranch, T32N R7W Sec8, on red clay-cobble hills, 7 May 1984, J. Mark Porter 84-073 (SJNM). [Determined by Guy Nesom; this documents the report for NM in FNA vol. 19.] Erigeron argentatus A. Gray (Asteraceae, silver fleabane): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, ca 4.5 mi south of Bechlabito towards Cottonwood on Road 63, with cliffrose, Utah juniper, Opuntia polyacantha, Swertia albomarginata, Erigeron aphanactis, steep north-facing hillside, N36°47' 24" W109°01' 49", 5895 ft, 20 May 2005, Arnold Clifford & Ken Heil # 25210 (SJNM). [Det. by Guy Nesom] Erigeron utahensis Gray (Asteraceae, Utah fleabane): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, 1 .5 mi south of Bechlabito Trading Post on Road 63, Morrison Fma, pinyon-juniper with cliffrose and single-leaf ash, N36°47' 49" W109°00' 50", 21 May 2004, Ken Heil, Arnold Clifford, and Dave Schleser # 23785 (SJNML Rio Arriba County: BLM land, half-way down Gould Pass Road into Cereza Canyon, T27N, R7W, Sec6 NE/SW, 6 Jul 1995, Cvndie Holmes #474 (SJNM). [Det. by Guy Nesom; this documents the report for NM in FNA vol. 19.] CO Unpublished inventories and checklists for various regions in New Mexico are now available online at http:// spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/academic.html?i=1382, or “Google” Range Science Herbarium and take the link to "Plant Lists and Floras for New Mexico." We invite submissions of accurate and preferably vouchered checklists to this site. Con¬ tact Kelly Allred at kallredOnmsu.edu. Publication and Subscription Information 'The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MS C Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// spectre nmsu.edu/dept/ welcome html?t:rsh Kelly Allred n i w Cooperative Extension Service VI U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University *7 }£c Tftcxico Las Cruces, NM 88003 LuESTHER T. MERTZ library MAR 7007 NEW YORK / botanical garden ' “If I could remember the names of all these sub-atomic particles, I could have been a botanist.” — Enrico Fermi SSsSSr 2 rn ■ n, _ New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, &>lor, w religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.^ O J - — - 8 a e g ft If Ik %m %t, Number 38 _ m April 3, 2007 A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. Ifllgg k :■ .. In This Issue — • Index to The New Mexico Botanist ......... 1 • Amateur Botanists ....... • . .......................6,7 • Plant Reports... . .....7 The New Mexico Botanist — Cumulative Index, Issues 1-38 indexed here are scientific names, authors, and subjects for issues 1-38 of The New Mexico Botanist newsletter. Copies of the newsletters and of this index are available online at http://cahe.nmsu.edu/nmcr (or, do a search on “range science herbarium’'), and take the link to the newsletter . The Cumulative Index will be maintained and updated online at that site. Scientific Names Issue Abronia nana harrisii . 24 Abutilon . 32 incanum pringlei . 2 Acacia angustissima hirta . 30 Acer grandidentatum sinuosum . 15 Achnatherum nelsonii nelsonii . 37 Acroptilon . 10 Adenophyllum wrightii . 36 Adolphia infesla . 21,36 Agalinus calycina . 15 Agastache pallidiflora havardii . 16 Agoseris heterophylla . 31 Air a elegans . 8 Aliciella triodon . 24 Alisma subcordatum . 13 Allium . 27 Allowissadula holosericea . 4 Alyssum alyssoides . 38 Ammannia coccinea . 1 .3 Amsinckia menziesii . 33 Amsonia tharpii . 1 3 Anemone tuberosa texana . 2 Antennaria corymbosa . 15 dimorpha . 37 Anulocaulis leiosolenus howardii . 14 Aphanostephus ramosissimus ramosissimus . 35 Arceuthobium . 33 Arenaria hookeri . •. . 7, 13 Aristida purpurea perplexa . 2 Arnica fulgens . 24 latifolia . 32 Artemisia pygmaea . 4, 19 tridentata wyomingensis . 1 5 Asclepias verticiilata . 1 3 Asplenium palmeri . 36 Astragalus calycosus calycosus . 24 cicer . 24 cliffordii . 3 1 crassicarpus paysonii . 1 3 eremiticus . 33 flavus higginsii . 30 heilii . 3 1 nutriosus . 32 ( Continued on page 2, Index) J^otnoice est ^cieotin *)tine ^/egetabiliuro cogoitiorero trndit. — ^/linnaeus (Index, continued from page 1 ) preusii talus . 30 A triplex heterosperma . 1 1 pachypoda . 9 Baccharis havardii . 6 Berberis vulgaris . 20 Bernardia . 24 Berteroa incana . 4 Be tula glandulosa . 37 Boerhavia coulter! palmeri . 24 Bouchea pnsmatica brevirostra . 6 Bowlesia incana . 13 Botrychium campestre . 37 echo . 29 Bouteloua rigidiseta . 37 Brassica napus . 13 rapa . 3 lourneforlit . 6 Brickellia parvula . 13 veronicifolia . 3 Bl iza maxima . 29 minor . 8 Br omus sterilis . 6 Buddleja scordioides . 1 3 Bupleurum americanum . 10 Calochortus . 16 flexuosus . 13 Camelina rumelica . 38 Camissonia parvula . 24 walkeri . 24 Campanula rapunculoides . 15 Cannabis saliva . 13 Caragana arborescens . 3 1 Cardamine hirsuta . 8 Carex albonigra . 20 angustior . 15 bebbii . 32 brunnescens . 25 capita! a . 32 chihuahuensis . 26 conoidea . 25 dew ey ana . 33, 37 diandra . 12 egglestonii . 28 garberi . 32 geyeri . 15 ill ola . 24 jonesii . 15 lativena . 22 maclovtana . 25 microdonta . 29 muriculata . 10 phaeocephala . 24 planostachya . 14 pyrenaica . 34 rosea . 37 sprengelii . 15 < 'ardamine cordifolia incana . 37 pensvlvanica . 24 Cardaria pubescens . 25 Carduus acanthoides . 15 ( arum ram . ] 5 Caslilleja scabrida . 24 Calalpa speciosa . 24 Catapodium rigidum . 8 Centaurea . 10 americana . 7 diffusa . 4 rothrockii . 7 Cerastium viscosum . 13 Cercocarpus . 4 Chaenactis carphoclinia . 20 Chamaechaenactis scaposa . 24 Chamaesaracha edwarsdiana . 20 Chamaesyce hirta . 24 villifera . 37 Chaptalia texana . 2 Chenopodium . 32 eye loides . 3, 13 rubrum humile . 31 Chloris submutica . 4 Chrysothamnus . 30, 36 Ciclospermum leptophyllum . 13, 15 Cinna latifolia . 29 Cirsium arizonicum rothrockii . 33 chuskaense . 24 ochrocentrum martinii . 14 texanum . 31 Cladium californicum . 26 Cleome multicaulis . 22 Cleomella obtusifolia . 35 palmerana . 4 Colutea arborescens . 35 Commicarpus scandens . 1 3 Conyza bonariensis . 21 Corallorhiza maculata occidentalis . 7 striata vreelandii . 7 Corispermum americanum rydbergii . 3 Coronilla varia . 13 Cotula australis . 1 1 Croton monanthogynus . 36 Crypsis schoenoides . 31 Cryptantha . 8 flavoculata . 36 nevadensis . 35 obi at a . 6 Cucurbita pepo . 24 Cuscuta applanata . 1 3 cuspidata . 13 warneri . 15 Cymopterus purpurascens . 15 terebinlhinus . 24 Cynosurus echinatus . 37 Cyperus bipartitus . 7 flavicomus . 13 rotundus . 1 3 strigosus . 4 Dalea compacta . 15 Datura . 30 Daucosma laciniata . 1 1 Descurainia pinnata intermedia . 24 Desmanthus leptolobus . 28 Desmodium procumbens . 28 Dianthus armeria . 13 Didymodon anserinocapitatus . 6 Diodia teres angustata . 13 teres setifera . 2 Draba albertiana . 38 gray an a . 37 ( Continued on page 3, Index) \ll// Page3 Y (Index, continued from page 2) spectabilis . . . . 15 Heuchera hallii . Hexalectrix revoluta . . 37 . 14 Eleocharis bella . . 4 spicata arizonica . . 7 geniculata . . 13 Hieracium crepidosperm um . . 13 Elymus villosus . . . . . 37 Hordeum vulgare . . 22 Epilobium lactiflorum . . 4 Huperzia lucidula . . 4 palustre . . ....24 Hutchinsia procumbens . . 31 Equisetum nelsonii . . . . 37 Hymenoxys helenoides . . 24 Eragrostis frankii . . . 19 Hypericum perforatum . . 15 Ericameria nauseosa turbinata . . 24 Hypoxis hirsuta . . 4 parryi affinis . . . . . 19 Iberis umbellata . . 13 Erigeron abajoensis . . . . 31 Ipomopsis aggregata aggregate . . 24 annuus . . . . . . . . . . 13 longiflora neomexicana . . 21 argentalus . . 37 Isatis tinctoria . . 4 compactus const mi! is . . . . 24 Jug Ians nigra . . 37 eatonii . . 24 Juncus hallii . . 12 engelmanrui . . 24 Lactuca biennis . . 37 nivalis. . . 36, 37 Lagurus ovatus . . 31 utahensis . . 37 Lappula echinata . . 13 Eriogonum clavellatum . . 24 Lapsana communis . . 37 longifolium lindheimeri . . 14 Lathyrus . . 25 sarahiae . . . . 31 brachycalyx . . 25 villijlorum . . . 25 pauciflorus utahensis . . 24 Eriophyllum lanosum . . . 13 venosus . . 26 Erysimum cheiranlhoides . . . . 24 Lechea tenuifolia . . 14 Erythronium grandiflorum . . 2 Lemna turionifera . . 15 Euphorbia eyathophora . . . 4, 19 Leontodon taraxacoides . . 19 lathyris . . . 34 Lepidium latifolium . . 13 myrsinites . . 20 montanum montanum . . 24 odontadenia . . 13 ramosissimum bourgeauanum .. . 37 peplus . . 4 Lesquerella ludoviciana . . 24 Fendlerella . . . . . . 37 navajoensis . . . . . . 14 Festuca brachyphylla coloradensis . . . 13 pruinosa . . . . . . . 16 ! calligera . . . 13 Leymus cinereus . . 18 ear lei . . 13 racemosus . . . . . 37 trachyphylla . . 13 Li gust rum vulgare . . 15 Forestiera shrevei . . . . . . . . . 14 Lindernia dubia . . 24 Fraxinus anomala . . . 3 Linum subteres . . . . 24 pensylvanica . . . . . . 24 Lobularia maritima . . 13 Gamochaeia rosacea . . 30 Loeflingia squarrosa . . 35 stagnalis . . . . 32 Lorticera bella . . . . 15 Geum triflorum . . . 37 tatarica . . 24 Gilia capitata . . 24 Lupinus argenteus argentalus . . 15 opthaimoides . . . . . 24 lepidus utahensis . . 24 Glaux maritima . . 16 Lycopodium clavatum . . . 4 Gleditsia triacanthos . . . . . . . 13 Machaeranthera gypsophila . . 8 Gnaphalium leucocephalum . . . . . . . . 6 Malacothrix glabrata . . 4 Grayia spinosa . . . . . 24 sonorae . . 33 Grimmia americana . . . 31 stebbinsii . . 33 Grindelia laciniata.. . . . . . . . 33 Matthiola bicornis . . . 13 Gypsophila paniculata . . . . . 31 Mentzelia conspicua . . 14 scorzonerifolia . . . . . . . . 33 humilus guadalupensis . . 14 Hackelia ursina pustulosa... . . 4 marginata . . 7 Hedyotis nigricans papillacea . . 3 todiltoensis . . 35 Hedypnois cretica . . 11 Menyanlhes trifoliata . . 10 Helianthus maximiliani . . ...24 Mertensia fus if or mis . . 35 Helictotrichon hookeri . . 28 lanceolata . . 35 Hesperis matronalis . . 15 Microthelys rubrocallosa . . 34. 35 Heteranthera rotundifolia . . 7 (Continued on page 4. Index ) JJJotnng is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. - — innaeus (Index, continued from page 3) Mimulus eastwoodiae . primuloides . Minuartia macrantha . Mile I la peniandra . Momordtca balsamina . Monarda humilis . Muhlenbergia arsenei . eludens . Myrtophyllum aquaticum . verlicillalum . Neckera complanala . Neoparrya lithophila . Nepeta cataria . Nymphaea mexicana . Oenothera caespitosa caespitosa.. pallida trichocalyx . triloba . Opuntia chihuahuaensis . Orchidaceae . Orobanche corymbosa . Osmorrhiza longistylis . Ostrya knowltonii . Packera obovata . Panicum alatum alatum . alatum minus . Parktnsonia aculeata . Paronychia depressa . pulvinata . Pedis cyhndrica . Peclocarya heterocarpa . Pedicularis bradeosa paysoniana Pennisetum villosum . Penstemon . campuanulatus . cobea . comarrhenus . deaveri . eatonii . glaber alpinus . ophianthus . pachyphyllus . pulchellus . rostriflorus . spinulosus . virgatus asa-grayii . Phacelta cryptantha . sivinskii . Philadelphia . Phoradendron . californicum . Physalis acu lift ora . Phvsaria new berry i yesicola . Phytolacca americana . Piptatherum pungens . Plantago . bigelovii . wnght iana . Pua pralensis alpigena . Polygonum aubertn . Polypogon man timus . Potamogeton alpinus . foliosus macellus . richardsonii . . 24 . 34 . 35 . 34 . 4 . 28 . 36 . 21 13,21 . 7 . 31 . 37 . 12 . 20 . 24 . 13 . 15 . 4 . 14 . 24 . 15 . 36 . 15 . 28 . 28 . 13 . 7 . 33 . 13 . 13 . 31 . 37 . 9 . 11 . 9 . 9 . 9 . 24 . 37 . 7 . 24 . 11 . 24 . 12 . 9 . 34 . 35 . 13 16,33 . 3 . 38 . 14 . 12 . 37 . 18 . 6 . 5 . 19 . 10 . 31 . 15 . 13 . 19 Potentilla . fissa . Prenanthella exigua . Prunella vulgaris hispida . Prunus armeniaca . persica . Pseudognaphalium jaliscense . luteoalbum . Pyracantha coccinea . Pyrus communis . . Ranunculus alismifolis montanus repens . Rayjacsonia annua . Rorippa alpina . palustris . sylvestris . Rosa manca . multijlora . Rot ala ramosior . Rudbeckia laciniata . Rumex pulcher . . stenophyllus . Sabatia angular is . Saccharum ravennae . Salix arizonica . bonplandiana . boothii . brachycarpa . fragilis . taxifolia . wolfii . Salsola . collina . paulsenii . Salvia texana . Salvinia minima . Saxifraga hirculus . Schiedeella arizonica . Sclerocadus cloveriae brackii . Scirpus pendulus . Secale cereale . Senecio ampledens holmii . cliffordii . integerrimus . millet obatus . neomexicana toumeyi ... quercetorum . serra admirabilis . Silene latifolia alba . Silphium laciniatum . Simsia lagascaeformis . Solanum carolinianum . dimidiatum . dulcamara . Solidago . capulinensis . lepida . speciosa pallida . Sparganium angustifolium . emersum . Spermolepis inermis . Sphagnum fimbriatum . Spiranthes parasitica . . 16 . 37 . 6 . 37 . 31 . 37 . 21 . 21 . 12 . 13 . 37 . 37 . 13 . 38 . 38 . 37 . 24 . 24 . 24 . 37 ..7, 13 . 33 . 13 . 15 .. .2, 3 . 22 . 13 . 2 . 22 . 4 . 24 . 12 . 4 . 16 . 5 . 13 . 35 . 18 . 2 . 13 . 22 . 4 . 31 . 4 . 32 . 18 . 18 . 24 . 15 . 28 . 22 . 25 19,25 . 24 . 1 1 . 36 . 38 . 4 . 15 . 15 . 13 . 24 . 15 (Continued on page 5. Index ) (Index, continued from page 4) Stanley a pinnata integrifolia . 38 viridiflora . 15 Stellaria crassifolia . 24 Stevia salicifolia . 37 Stipa arida . 15 speciosa . 1 5 Strophostyles helvola . 3 1 leiosperma . 3 1 Suaeda occidentalis . 24 Swertia albomarginata . 24 Symphoricarpos . 33 Symphyotrichum campestre . 24 ciliatum . 11 ericoides pansum . 24 porteri . 13 Symphytum officinale . 12 Syringa vulgaris . 37 Talinum . 20 parvulum . 24 Taraxacum scopulorum . 15 Tetraneuris acaulis nana . 24 scoposa villosa . 13 Thelypodium laxifiorum . 38 Thymophylla tenuiloba tenuiloba . 31 Tillaea aquatica . 7 Torilis arvensis . 33 Trifolium procumbens . 1 3 Triglochin concinna debilis . 24 Triticosecal . 22 Triticum aestivum . 22 Valeriana sorbifolia . 6 Verbascum virgatum . 13 Verbena gracilis . 6 Vernonia noveboracensis . 1 5 Veronica arvensis . 13 Vicia . 26 Vinca major . 19 Viola adunca bellidifolia . 32 rafinesquii . 13 rydbergii . 24 Vitex agnus-castus . 15 Zygadenus mogollonensis . 2 Authors Alexander, P . 35 Allred, K.W. ...3, 7, 10, 12, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 38 Bleakly, D . 2, 9, 16, 29 Clifford, A . 24 Cox, G.W . 17 Cox, P.A . 21 Denham, R.A . 4 Dodson, C . 2 Ertter, B . 33 Ferguson, D.J . 20 Forbes, A.C . 12 Frazier, C.K . 13, 16 Gould, S.J . 23 Hartman. R.L . 33 Heil, K I) . 8, 24 Hosking, JR . 1 5 Hubbard. J.P . 11. 12 Hufford. F . 37 Jacobs. S.W.L . 1 5 Jercinovic, E . Johnson, S . Keller, C.F . Fee, R.D . McGrath, J . Mygatt, J . Neal. P . Nelson. B.E . O’Kane, S.F . Palmer, M.W . Peterson, R.S . Raven. P.H . Reeves, F.M . Roalson, E.H . Sainty, G.R . Silva. P . Sivinski. R . Spellenberg. R . Stewart, R.R . Todsen, T . Turner. B . Wade, G.L . Weber, W.A . Wheeler, Q . Wilson, E.O . Worthington, R.D . 30, 34, 37 . 25, 26 . 1 1 . 10 . 15 . 4. 14 . 6 . 33 . 24 . 6 . 15, 16, 30, 32, 33 . 30 . 8 . 7 . 15 . 7 18, 26, 27, 29, 35, 37 .5, 19, 22,25.29.32 . 36 . 14, 23 . 10 . 6 . 38 . 30 . 30 . 6 Subjects Archer, W.A . 33 Barneby, R.C . 1 9 Brandegee, T.S. & M.K . 1 6 Bigelow, J.M . 26 Botanists, amateur . 38 how they died . 36 Conservation . 21 Dissertations . 2 Exotic plants . 1 7 Floras, standards for . 6 Frontera . 23 Gambel, W . 30 Greene, E.L . 34 Gymnosperms . 22 Havaas, J . 38 Herbaria citations . 14 Herbaria of New Mexico . 2 Herbarium NMC . 5 Herbarium NMCR . 3 Herbarium SJNM . 8 Herbarium UTEP . 6 Herbarium UNM . 4 Hershey, A.L . 23 Identification . 1 5 Index, cumulative . 38 Native plants . 23 New Mexico flora, statistical summary . 28 collection history . 37 Orthography and nomenclature . 7 San Juan Basin . 24 Santa Rosa wetlands . 29 Suckley, George . 36 Taxonomy . 30 Theses . 2 Warnock. B.H . 1 0 m JOHAN HAVAAS, 1864-1956 Bill Weber Museum. MCOL E190B. CB 265, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 [Originally appearing in Botanical Electronic News No 354, 22 Dec 2005, used by permission The message about amateur botanists is just as important as the advertisement for the book, see related article on page seven — ed ] Do we need to be reminded that the serious amateur plant collector has rarely been given proper credit for his or her work? Peter Raby, in his book on Alfred Russel Wallace, quotes (page 85) Edward Newman’s presidential address to the Linnean Society of London in 1854: "The monographer cannot say to the collector, 1 have no need of you; the very admission of such a thought is a stumbling- block. . . I wish to be understood as applying this last observation especially and emphatically to the case of the actual collector; to the man who, in whatever station of life, devotes his time, by night and by day; at all seasons, in all weathers: at home and abroad, to the positive capture and preservation of those specimens which serve as the objects for all our observations: he is the real labourer in the field, and if we would keep the lamp of our science constantly burning, it is to him alone that we can look for fuel to feed its flame. . . . Such men do great, permanent and continual good: they tender our science an unquestionable service, and their motives are no more to be called in question than those of the artist or the author, who receives the just reward for his well-directed la¬ bours.” A new book detailing in words and excellent color and black and white illustrations the life and work of a quiet, untraveled, Norwegian amateur botanist, has appeared that ought to bring great joy to those of us who have hoped that, at long last, the collector would be given proper appreciation Here was a man who not only collected vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes, but taught himself the languages in which he could correspond with the leaders in northern European plant taxonomy. Although little known about him outside of Norway save for his pub¬ lished lichen exsiccati ofNorw'egian lichens, his collections are highly regarded in the Scandinavian herbaria. Sevrin Kjerland & Hans S. Haugse. 2005. Johan Havaas, Jjell- bonde og vilskabsmann. University of Bergen, Bergen Museum, Ber¬ gen. Norway. 206 p.. illustrations in black-and-white and color. 28.5 cm X 20 5 cm. ISBN 82-303-0396-7 [Cloth-bound] Price: Norw kr. 395.00 + 280 - postage to North America Available from: Universitetet i Ber¬ gen, Bergen Museum. Publikumsseksjonen, Harald Harfagres g 1, 5020 Bergen, Norway, http://bergenmuseum.uib.no/ "High up on a mountain in the Granvin district in Hardanger lived our country's most distinguished scientist in his environment. Who on earth could believe this? The little mountain farm and its old house hardly looks scientific, much less does its little slight-built man!" — Bergen Affionblad 10 April 1937 [translated WAW] [This is] "the story of a highly competent, devoted scientist who achieved international fame, but never that recognition which expresses itself in economic security. 1 1 is life was that of a western Norwegian small farmer, on a mountain farm besides. It is a hard fight to wrestle a kind of livelihood from a poor soil and under difficult circumstances. That Johan Havaas was able, under these circumstances, to teach him¬ self not only the basic facts of cryptogamic botany, but also the foreign languages he needed for his studies, is an almost unbelievable achieve¬ ment It is with bitterness one contemplates the wasted abilities, and sadly hopes that today society has provided possibilities for scientific talent to express themselves under better circumstances. On the other hand, due to the inevitable restrictions on his work, Havaas concentrated on a very small area w'hich he studied year after year at all seasons. There is hardly any part of the world of similar size the cryptogamic flora of which has been studied as intensively as the western part of Granvin, and Havaas’ three papers, the earlier ones on hepatics and on lichens, and the present one on mosses, together represent an unsur¬ passed fund of knowledge of a small district." — Knut Faegri, October. 1960. This beautiful book was made possible by a number of Havaas’ neighbors in Granvin. and between them, plus financial help of the local newspapers and historical societies, plus the cooperation of several botanists from the University of Bergen, including Per Joergensen, Tor Toensberg and Geir Flatboe. The result is one of the most lovely, thor¬ ough, compassionate and deserved tributes to, of all things, an amateur botanist! There is an especial irony in this, for we are beginning to see that the future of non-specialized field botany is disappearing from our institutions of higher education and must be taken on by the serious amateurs of the future, bless them! The book ’s cover is a tapestry' of bark and rock lichens - notably Xanthona elegans, Dimelaena oreina , and the map lichen (in Norwe¬ gian "kart-lav") Rhizocarpon geographicum, framing a fine oil painting of Havaas by Lars Osa. The chapter headings include a foreword, his¬ tory' of Havaas’ family and ancestors, his childhood, youth, poetry, his own descriptions of his early botanizing after having done the farm chores, and military service. The design and layout of the work includes end-papers showing the map of the Granvin area, excellent choices of type faces, placement of illustrations, and insets of special charts. These I details alone would justify a prize for bookmanship. Havaas’ lichenological beginnings involved contacts with all of the important lichenologists of the day: Blyttt, Norman. Norlin. Nylander, Lang. Th. Fries, Forsell, Magnusson, Malme. Lynge, and Kaalaas. He obtained stipends over the years with Bergens Botanical Museum, and prepared his excellent Lichens Exsiccati Norvegiae, which one still finds cited in many current papers. He also prepared a manuscript of the liverwort flora of Norway and made extensive collections of vascular plants and fungi as well. His collection of Flora Danica in bound vol¬ umes occupy a large bookshelf at the Bergen Museum. The handsomely formatted text is in Norwegian, except for letters in German and English. No matter, the book is a joy for anyone to be¬ hold. whatever language one comprehends. There are illustrations on almost every page, many of them photographs taken by Havaas himself, j One can see Havaas’ farm, houses, family, genealogical records, col¬ leagues, his microscopes, vasculum (and his many pairs of spectacles!), documents and letters concerning important events in his life, his state¬ ment of his religious philosophy, correspondence with other botanists, color photographs of many of his specimens, newspaper tributes, and a copy of the document awarding him the gold medal from King Haakon. ( Final chapters present the complete history, including all of the correspondence between Bill Culberson and Jens Lillegraven, dealing with the ultimate disposition of Haaas’ private lichen herbarium to Duke University, and tributes from around the world in honor of his 90th birthday and. of course, on the occasion of his death at age 92. The Havaas farm and its buildings have been preserved as an edu¬ cational museum and shrine containing his personal effects, library, and cases of visible plant specimens that are better suited to such display than the packeted herbarium specimens suitable for research museums. There can be no grander tribute to the importance to science of a dedi¬ cated amateur than this handsome book on Johan Havaas. The fact that the project was undertaken by his farmer friends makes the book a very special one. Q3 - - - - - -1 Phytologia now on-line — I he journal Phytologia An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical, and ecologi- l cal publication, is now back in business and issues are available on-line: phytologia.org ; t F k k Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM 87402] Draba alberlina Greene (Brassicaceae, slender whitlow grass): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Chuska Mts, Southwest of Toh-ni- tsa Lookout. N36°08'l 1" W108°54'19", 9000 ft, in moist soil with grasses near pond margin, 2 Jun 1997, O'Kane & Hedin 3871 (SJNM). [Determined by Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.] Solidago lepida A.P. de Candolle var. salebrosa (Piper) Semple (Asteraceae, western goldenrod): San Juan County: Aztec, north of US 550. near the Animas River, T30N R1 1 W Sec9, alluvium, riparian site, 5640 ft, Sep 1987, Rich Fleming 422 (SJNM); Sandoval County: Jicarilla Apache Reservation, ca. 4 miles west of turnoff to Dulce at Trading Post, up a canyon south of bridge, riparian community, N36°10'55'' W107°20'52", 6812 ft, 29 Sep 2000. Ken Heil & Arnold Clifford 15949 (SJNM): Rio Arriba County: ca. 1 mi SE of the San Juan County and Rio Arriba County line, bench above the Largo drainage, T27N R7W Sec31, riparian habitat, 6200 ft, 28 Aug 1999, Ken Heil 13871 (SJNM). All three vouchers annotated by G. Nesom. [This further documents with localities this variety, first reported in volume 20, Flora of North America, by Semple & Cook.] *Alyssum alyssoides Linnaeus (Brassicaceae, alyssum): San Juan County: City of Farmington, The Bluffs Recreation Area, sandstone outcrops, 24 Apr 1985, J. Mark Porter 1001 (SJNM). [Det. by S. O’Kane] Camelina rumelica Velenovsky (Brassicaceae, graceful false-flax): San Juan County: About 3.5-4 mi south of Lybrook, San Jose Fma, outcropping with locally derived sand coarse soils, 7300 ft, pinyon-juniper woodland community, T23N R7W Sec35, 7 May 1995. Arnold Clifford 95-132 (SJNM). [Pet, by S. O’Kanel Rorippa alpina (S. Watson) Rydberg (Brassicaceae, alpine yellow- cress): McKinley County: Navajo Nation, about 5 mi west of Tohatchi along Red Willow Wash, intermittent stream, riparian community, 35051’57”N 108°46’06”W, 6575 ft, 25 Aug 2000, Ken Heil 15381 (SJNM): Rio Arriba County: Chromo Mountain, Salso Gomez Ranch, up an abandoned timber cutting road near cabin, white fir, aspen, & Douglas-fir, 36°58’23”N 106°44’19''W, 8700 ft. 9 Sep 2000, Ken Heil & Wayne Mietty 15669 (SJNM); San Juan County': Navajo Nation, 4.6 mi N of Narbona Pass on Navajo Road 7170, small pond, ponderosa pine & Douglas-fir, 36°07’18"N 108°54’35”W, 8700 ft, 2 Sep 2000, Ken & Marilyn Heil 15577 (SJNM). [all det. by S. O’Kane] Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser var. paluslris (Brassicaceae, bog yellow-cress): McKinley County: Navajo Nation, north of Thoreau and east of State Hwy 7371, Todilto Limestone, windswept pinyon-juniper, 13 Jun 1996, Ken Heil 9991 (SJNM); Rio Arriba County: 0.75 mi from cabin up Chromo Mountain on an old logging road, along an intermittent creek and in shady areas, white fir, aspen. Douglas-fir, 36°56’15”N 106°44’16”W, 8640 ft, 7 Jul 2000, Ken Heil & Wayne Mietty 15129 (SJNM); San Juan County: Santa Rosa Bureau of Land Management tract east of the town of Blanco, access through private property from US 64, side creek in arroyo at the NW corner of the tract, 29 May 1998, Tim Reeves 9606 (SJNM). [all det. by S. O’Kane] Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton, var. inlegrifolia C. James (Brassicaceae, prince’s plume): San Juan County: Navajo Nation. US 1 60 near mile Marker 9, about 1 1 mi W of Shiprock, about 0.5 mi east of Red Wash, Mancos clay hills, desert scrub with Atriplex and Eriogonum. 36°47’54”N 108°55’26”W, 4975 ft, 31 Aug 2001, Ken Heil & Wayne Mietty 17682 (SJNM). [Det by S. O'Kane] Thelypodium laxiflorum Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae, drooping thelypody): San Juan County: Carrizo Canyon, about 1 mi SE of jet with Largo Canyon, riparian site with Typha, Cyperus & Phragmites, 5900 ft, 22 Aug 1 998, Ken Heil, Matt Heil. & Wayne Mietty 1250 (SJNM). [Det by S. OtKanel — Patrick Alexander [Biology Dept., New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003] Physalis acutiflora (Miers) Sandwith (Solanaceae, pointed groundc- cherry): Dona Ana County: Calle del Norte, ca. 1 km west of NM hwy 128, north side of Mesilla, in clay soil of onion field, 18 July 2000. R.W. Spellenberg 13087 (NMC). Ed. Note: The use of the term “parabotanist” to refer to an amateur botanist seems to have its recent origin at the San Diego Natural History Museum, thence spreading to Arizona (a single report), and now appearing in New Mexico botanical circles. Without offence to any of my eminent, capable, and kind colleagues, I join this plea by Mark Hineline for the re-enthroning of the venerable and dignified title, “amateur botanist.” See also Bill Weber’s article on page six. Botany Project Noble; ’Parabotanist’ Label Is Not Mark Hineline July 30, 2005, North County Times, San Diego, California I thought 1 heard Tom Fudge, host of KPBS radio's morning talk show "These Days," say that the San Diego Natural History Mu¬ seum was looking for a pair of botanists to collect field data for a new plant atlas. That can’t be right, I thought. It will take more than a couple of botanists to survey all the plants in the county. After all, San Diego County is reputed to have more plant diversity than any other county in the contiguous United States. This a political distinction, of course, having more to do with the way our boundaries were drawn than with the exceptional character of our plant habitats. Even so, a pair of botanists to survey many hundreds of our region's plants? I had been listening to "These Days" while attending to other business. Ceasing to split my attention this way, I listened more closely and quickly learned that I had misinterpreted what I had heard. The San Diego Plant Atlas Project was looking for people to work as "parabotanists." If "parabotanist" meant what I thought it did, this was begin¬ ning to make sense, in a way. And in another way, it wasn't. After a few minutes of listening with full attention, I learned what 1 should already have known by reading Ruth Marvin Webster’s story on the parabotanist program in the North County Times: The pro¬ ject seeks committed amateurs to extend our knowledge of the county's plant life. Amateurs. The project calls them parabotanists, borrowing the prefix "para-" to devise a euphemism for a category of training and activity similar to that of a paralegal or a paramedic: parabotanist. Not quite a botanist. But not an amateur botanist, either. That's the part that still didn't make sense, and it made me just a bit sad. Before I explain the sadness, though, I have to be clear that (Continued on page 8, Parabotanist) Publication and Subscription Information ‘The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist M5C Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// spectre.nmsu edu/dept/ welcome.html?t=rsh Kelly Allred Page 8 (Parabotamst, continued from page 7 ) the project itself is a noble one. Losses and fragmentation of habitats, caused by the industrious unfolding of human dreams and aspirations, are changing the conditions for plant life in the county, just as they are changing environ¬ ments the world over. Changes in habitat brought about by acute global climate change also makes for changing habits. It is difficult to monitor those changes — or halt them, when they can and should be stopped — - with any degree of rigor if you do not have a full catalog of the plants that grow in a region, or if you don't know where they currently grow or have grown in the past. The San Diego Plant Atlas Project will make a significant dent in our collective ignorance of the region's environment. So it may be churlish of me to complain of the sadness I feel about "parabotanist" when good deeds are afoot. The historian and activist in me cannot help it. Benjamin Franklin was an amateur physicist. Charles Darwin was an amateur natural historian. Charles Lyell. whose "Principles of Geology" provided the foundation for progress in the earth sciences, was an amateur; he was trained in the legal profession. The sciences developed a sense of professionalism in the latter half of the 19th century, but not without acknowledging the competent work of amateur scientists in a variety of fields. In astronomy, amateurs are responsible for discovering most of the comets, novas and superno¬ vas that appear in the night skies every year. Amateurs monitor the changing brightness of variable stars and report their findings to the American Association of Variable Star Observers, the AAVSO. Birders collected most of the data for the San Diego Natural History Museum's Breeding Bird Atlas for the county. They did not insist on being known as "paraomithologists." "Birders,” or the more old-fashioned "bird watchers," was good enough. For decades, amateur botanists have learned to identify plants, native and otherwise, and to call them by a variety of names, including their scientific names. When they have gone out into the field to collect plants, or simply to admire plants in the landscape, amateur botanists have called their pastime "botanizing." Not parabotanizing. Do labels matter? They do to botanists Let botanists be botanists. Those among them without professional credentials will proudly proclaim their amateur status. They have history on their side. £□ w Cooperative Extension Service Vi U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University "/tew Dtcxico Las Cruces, NM 88003 CoUlHlAt UUvSTHER T MERTZ LIBRARY ^ U Z007 NEW YORK / BOTANICAL GARDEN / William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New \ ork Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, cblof, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. z: m -02 _ _ _ o A % U> >f | color, rating, p m „ 1 frfrrH 1 u> u> w m -i • A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Josephine Skehan in New Mexico . 1 • Scrophulariaceae in New Mexico . 6 • Plant Reports . 7 J^otnoice cst ^cieotin lis quae ^/egetnbUium cognitiotcm trodit. — ^/linoneus Josephine Skehan and the Mountains Near Gray Eugene Jercinovic P.O. Box 246 Torreon, NM 87061 Many areas of New Mexico were initially botanized by naturalists in the company of contingents of armed soldiers or in large trading caravans. Some intrepid collectors braved unknown territory and harsh conditions in lonely solitude However, very few women had any part in plant collection prior to the dawn of the twentieth century. This is the tale of one. The story ends in the Capitan Mountains, but, as is not uncommon in the botanical history of this state, the story begins east of the Mississippi River in the middle of the nineteenth century' with four men. Parker Earle (1831-1917) Parker Earle was born in Mt. Holly, Vermont on the 8th of August, 1831. Asa young man he devel¬ oped an interest in horticulture, becoming associated with Charles Mason Hovey, a seeds man and nurseiy man in Boston. Hovey founded the American Gardener's Magazine (later the Magazine of Horticulture) which he edited for 34 years. Hovey served as president of the Massachusetts Horticulture Society for four years. Hovey was also the first notable American breeder of strawberries. It was undoubtedly Hovey who got Parker Earle started in raising strawberries. By the mid-1850's Parker had moved to Dwight, Illinois where in 18.55 he married Melanie Tracy. The couple produced three children, Franklin Sumner Earle, Charles Theodore Earle and Mary Tracy Earle. The family relocated to southern Illinois in the Cobden-Anna area (Union County) where Parker developed orchards and extensive vegetable gardens, in which he put his expertise in strawberries into practice. After the Civil War, Parker developed a new method of transporting fruit by using insulated wooden crates with ice in the bottom which allowed him to ship his strawberries by rail to Chicago, where they sold for $2 per quart, a princely sum at the time. By the mid-1 870's Parker had become a noted horticulturalist. He was a horticultural judge at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. In 1880 he was named the first president of the newly formed Mississippi Valley Horticultural Society (now the American Horticultural Society'). In 1884 he was se¬ lected as horticultural director of the World Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition in New Orleans While in Louisiana, Parker visited and fell in love with southern Mississippi, particularly the area around Ocean Springs. Around 1886 the Winter Park Land Improvement and Livestock Company was formed with Parker as president. He and his two sons owned 97% of the stock. By the end of 1 887, the company had invested in 15,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Ocean Springs in Jackson County, Mississippi, most of which was pine forest. Parker left Illinois and built a home in Mississippi. His sons also set down roots there In 1889 Parker's wife died in Ocean Springs. In 1890 he married Agnes Cook in Mt. Holly and then returned to Mississippi and resumed his horticultural pursuits, cultivating tomatoes, peaches and grapes on 80 acres. However, on October 1, 1893, Parker's bucolic dreams were shattered as a category 4 hurricane with sus¬ tained winds of 135 mph ripped across southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi. Two thousand people were killed. Parker once again pulled up stakes and moved to the New Mexico Territory Samuel Mills Tracy (1847 - 1920) Samuel Mills Tracy was born in Hartford, Vermont on April 30. 1847. In 1863, the family moved to Illinois, near Bloomington. After moving to Platteville, Wisconsin in 1864, Tracy joined the Union Army in the 41st Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers. After the Civil War. he entered Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University), receiving a B.S. in 1 868 and an M.S. in 1871. After graduation he devel¬ oped an interest in commercial horticulture and even became secretary of the Mississippi Valley Horticul¬ tural Society. In the 1 870's he served as editor of the Practical Fanner. In 1 877. he became Professor of Botany at the University of Missouri. He served as Secretary of the State Horticultural Society of Missouri (Continued on page 2, Skehan) )■ i Page 2 (Skehan, continued from page 1) from 1881 to 1882 and as President from 1883 to 1884. Certainly he met and became a friend of Parker Earle during this period. In 1886 he published the first Flora of Missouri In 1887 he was selected as the first Director of the Mississippi Experiment Station. In June 1887, before assuming the position, he made a trip to Raton New Mexico to collect fungi. He retired in 1897 and enjoyed the Mississippi environment enough to live in Laurel until his death in 1920. In his later life, he specialized in grasses He donated his collections to the Agricultural College of Texas (now Texas A&M). This formed the core of the S.M. Tracy Herbarium (TAES), the third largest herbarium in Texas with over 200,000 specimens, over 70,000 in grasses. Charles Fuller Baker (1872 - 1929) Charles Fuller Baker was born on March 22, 1 872 in Lansing, Michigan. He, like S.M. Tracy, attended Michigan Agricultural Col¬ lege. After completing his studies, he became the assistant to Clarence Preston Gillette at Colorado Agricultural College (now Colorado State University). Here he pursued his interests in entomology and botany. He began collecting specimens and publishing. Together with Gillette, he published A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of Colorado, a sum¬ mary of the true bugs of the state. In 1 893, he was chosen to present the forestry and zoology of Colorado at the Columbian Exposition of Chi¬ cago (The Chicago World's Fair) to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Columbus to the New World. In 1 897, Baker left Colo¬ rado and accepted a position at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute (now Auburn University), where he remained until 1899. Between 1899 and 1901 he taught biology at a High School in St. Louis. Moving to Cali¬ fornia in 1901, he attended Stanford University, obtaining an M.S. un¬ der Albert Kellogg in 1903. During this time he became associated with the growing group of California botanists who believed that western American plants should be described by western botanists and began sending his specimens to Edward Lee Greene in Berkeley for determi¬ nation. Baker then accepted a position at Pomona College, but only remained for one year before becoming director of botany at the Es- tacion Agronomica at Santiago de Las Vegas in Cuba, serving until 1907 The well-travelled Baker then moved to Brazil, where he ac¬ cepted a position at the herbarium and botanical garden at the Emilio Goeldi Museum in Belem where he spent one year, also collecting ex¬ tensively in the surrounding area. In 1908 he returned to Pomona Col¬ lege where he remained until 1913 when he moved to the Philippines to become professor of agronomy at the University of Manila. He re¬ mained outside the United States until his death in 1927. His extensive insect collection is housed at the Museum of Natural History, his her¬ barium of U.S. plants at Pomona, and his herbarium of plants collected around the Pacific Ocean at the University of the Philippines. Franklin Sumner Earle (1856-1929) Parker's son, Franklin Sumner Earle, was born on the 4th of Sep¬ tember, 1856. in Dwight. Illinois. He spent the majority of his youth at the Earle farm in southern Illinois. He attended the University of Illi¬ nois sporadically in the 1880's, but did not earn a degree. He studied with 1 homas J. Burrill, a mycologist, who founded the herbarium at the University of Illinois and who, in 1895 would travel to Mississippi to work on fungi with S.M Tracy At the Mississippi Valley Horticultural Society meeting in New Orleans in 1885. Franklin read a paper on the white rust and other diseases of strawberry. In 1887, he co-authored a paper with Burrill. Parasitic Fungi of Illinois Part II Eiysipheae, which established his reputation in mycology. Franklin also shared his father's interest in horticulture. The Earle fruit and vegetable operations in Cobden led to a friendship between their family and that of William Skehan, his wife Esther and their five daughters. Franklin married the oldest Skehan daughter, Susan Bedford Skehan. on August 1 1, 1886 in Cobden. The couple produced a son, William Parker Earle, born in Cobden in 1887 and two daughters, Melanie Tracy Earle, born in 1889 in Ocean Springs. Mississippi, and Ruth Esther Earle, bom in 1891 in Ocean Springs. Tragically, Susan died in Ocean Springs shortly after the birth of Ruth. During this difficult period, Franklin became associ¬ ated with the Mississippi Experiment Station and in 1892 became super¬ intendent serving until 1895, and developed a friendship with Samuel Mills Tracy. Franklin's mycological professionalism was recognized. In 1895- 96, he served as assistant pathologist for the USDA collection at the U.S. National Herbarium. From 1896 to 1900 he served as biologist and horticulturalist at the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station and was ! awarded an honorary M.S. by the Alabama Polytechnic Institute. When Charles Fuller Baker arrived in 1897. Franklin suddenly had another scientific colleague and friend. The two collected extensively around Auburn, Alabama in the summer of 1 897. In 1901, Franklin became an i associate with the New York Botanical Garden for three years as assis¬ tant curator of mycological collections, even publishing The Genera of North American GUI Fungi. In 1904 Franklin accepted the position of director of the Estacion Agronomica at Santiago de Las Vegas , reestab¬ lishing contact there with his old friend C.F. Baker. He established a farm at Herradura and cultivated fruit. He remained in Cuba for the rest of his life, functioning as a business consultant, as president of the Cuba Fruit Exchange, and becoming a USDA investigator in the sugar cane industry. A year before his death in 1929 he published Sugar Cane and Its Culture. I New Mexico After Susan's death in 1891. Franklin was left with three young children and a busy life. His connection with the Skehan family became a godsend. Susan's sisters Esther Jane (1867-1948) and Josephine (ca. 1871 -?) continued their involvement with Franklin in Ocean Springs, becoming part of Parker and Agnes Earle's extended family, which also included Franklin's brother Charles and his wife, Cora. In 1 893, Parker and Agnes set up their new life in the New Mexico Terri¬ tory. settling in Roswell. Esther and Josephine continued to help in Mississippi. Both Esther and Josephine were interested in plants. During 1895. doubtless under the tutelage of Franklin. Josephine began collect¬ ing plants. She made 8 collections in Ocean Springs in the spring and summer. Her first specimen, labeled as # 1, was the moss Ditrichum pallidum collected on March 26. 1895, followed by 7 sine numero (s.n.) collections. Josephine had much more to contribute three years later. On August 12, 1896 Franklin married Esther Jane in Cobden, Illinois. Esther contributed significantly to Franklin's natural history pursuits. She became a co-collector with him and a notable botanical artist, mak¬ ing illustrations for Franklin’s later studies of Caribbean fungi which are now part of the William A. Murrill collection at the New York Botani- I cal Garden. With grandfather Parker ensconced in the wilds of the New Mexico Territory, it seems inevitable that Franklin might become interested in the botanical exploration of the west. The opportunity arose when S.M. Tracy retired in 1897. Since Tracy had visited Raton a decade earlier and C.F. Baker had considerable experience in Colorado, the three bo¬ tanical amigos decided to make a trip to Colorado in the summer of 1898. Baker, Earle, and Tracy botanized in the vicinity of Durango and Mancos and in the La Plata Mountains, making extensive collections in June and July. They made these collections available for sale in the United States and overseas. The UC and Jepson herbaria show five sheets in their types database from these Colorado collections. The Colorado expedition provided a chance for the rest of the Earle ! family to make an extended visit with Parker and Agnes in Roswell. In August of 1 897, the ever opportunistic Parker had filed a mining claim in the Nogal Canyon area of the Capitan Mountains. The nearest settle¬ ment was the village of Gray (now called Capitan) which was about 70 (Continued on page 3, Skehan) (Skehan, continued from page 2) miles from Roswell. Gray was to be the center of activity for the spring and summer of 1 898. The Earle family arrived in early April. Jose¬ phine came along on the trip apparently committed to collecting plants. Her first New Mexico specimen was gathered on the 10th of April "near Gray". On April 15 she made two collections in Roswell, and on April 1 8, another (see listing at end). She continued to collect at an average rate of 6 plants per week from April until the 6th of September. Review of the 92 available sheets from her next 1 14 specimens show that all were gathered at Gray, near Gray, or at Nogal, less than 10 miles from Gray. The highest specimen number found in the course of this study was 1 18 with 7 additional s.n. specimens. 103 of the 125 specimens were located. Josephine's collections are remarkable, spanning 35 families and 90 genera in only 103 sheets. More than a century later it is virtu¬ ally impossible to assess how her association with S.M. Tracy, F.S. Earle, and C.F. Baker might have influenced what she collected and what was retained. Grass specimens were determined by Frank Law- son Scribner at the USDA. The vast majority of other specimens were determined by Edward Lee Greene, who was then at the University of California at Berkeley. Specimens and duplicates were distributed to at least 10 herbaria. Tracy, Earle, and Baker clearly were involved. Josephine's work not only helped define the plants of a mountain range of New Mexico, but also affected the circumscription of botany in all of the United States. Five specimens were particularly important because of their designation as a holotype ( the one collection which is permanently attached to a name), an isotype (a collection believed to be a duplicate of the holotype), a syntype ( a specimen used by an author when no holotype was designated), or a lectotype (a specimen selected to serve as a type if a holotype was not designated at publication or if the holotype is missing). u Specimen Designation Herbarium(a) 78 Gutierrezia sarothrae syntype NY 78 Gutierrezia sarothrae isotype COLO, NY, US 79 Argemone squarrosa isotype NY, UC 79 Argemone squarrosa lectotype US 89 Physaria valtda isotype NY, US 108 Ambrosia confertijlora holotype NY 108 Ambrosia confertijlora isotype NY, US 112 Oxahs caerulea holotype NY 1 12 Oxalis caerulea isotype US COLO University of Colorado UC University of California at Berkeley NY New York Botanical Garden US U S National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution Very little is known about Josephine's life. Without question, her place in botanical history is connected to the Earle family and to the colleagues of Franklin and Parker, but it was Josephine walking the woods and fields of the area around Gray. It was her interest, intelli¬ gence and tenacity that produced the first significant collections in the Capitans. To this day, the Capitan Mountains are not thoroughly known botanically. They are curious geologically. More work needs to be done. It is interesting to note that in 2006 Patrick J. Alexander, a gradu¬ ate student at New Mexico State University, came upon an alumroot (genus Heuchera ) new to science, while exploring in the Capitans. not that far from Gray. References Allred. Kelly. 2007. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Range Science Herbarium, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University Averett, John. E. 1973. Biosystematic Study of Chamaesaracha (Solanaceae). Rhodora 75:325-365. Ewan, Joseph. 1950. Rocky Mountain Naturalists, University of Denver Press. Hess, William .1. and James L. Reveal. 1976. A Revision of Eriogonum (POLYGONACEAE) subgenus Pterogonum Great Basin Naturalist 3 6(3 ):28 1 -333 . Lenz. Lee W. 1986. Marcus E. Jones. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar¬ den. Rodgers, Andrew Denny. 1949 Liberty Hyde Bailey, a Story of American Plant Sciences. Princeton University Press. Rodgers, Andrew Denny. 1952. Erwin Frink Smith, A Story of North American Plant Pathology. American Philosophical Soci¬ ety. Wheeler, L.C. 1941. Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce in Canada and the United States exclusive of Southern Florida Rhodora 43: 97- 154, 168- 205, 223 -286. Williams, Roger L. 1984. Aven Nelson of Wyoming. Colorado Asso¬ ciated University Press. Online Resources Family histories http://www.familysearch.org Baker, C.F. http://siarchives.si.edu/fmdingaids/FARU71 13.htm http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fuller Baker Earle, F.S. http://sciweb.nybg.org/Science2/libr/fmding_guide/ earlwb2.asp Earle, Parker http://www.oceanspringsarchives.com (The Rose-Money Farm) Hovey, C.M. http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/book/ boktwel.htm Tracey, S.M. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/taes/tracy/ TRACYNF.htm Virtual Herbarium UC http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/db/types/ types_table.html Virtual Herbarium COLO http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/ Botany/Databases/typeSpecimens.pdf Virtual Herbarium NY http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/hcol/allvasc/ index. asp Virtual Herbarium US http://acsmith.si.edu/emuwebbotweb/pages/ nmnh/bot/Query.php Other Resources Herbaria and data bases: NMC, NMCR, UNM Karen Mills, Historical Records Clerk. Lincoln County Records. Lin¬ coln County Courthouse. Carrizozo, NM (Continued on page 4, Skehan) JJotang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — */>nneus Page 4 (Skehan. continued from page 3) Known specimens of Josephine Skehan Family # Specimen Date Location Herbarium DITRICHACEAE 1 Ditrichum pallidum 3/26/1895 MS NY ASCLEPIADACEAE 39 Asclepias subverticillata 7/16/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 26 Acourtia nana 6/18/1898 Nogal, Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 108 Ambrosia confertiflora 9/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC, NY ASTERACEAE 107 Artemisia carruthii 9/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 11 Baccharis wrightii 5/26/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 14 Baccharis wrightii 5/26/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 33 Berlandiera lyrata 7/15/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 77 Brickellia caiifornica 8/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 105 Brickellia fendleri 8/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 4 Chaetopappa ericoides 4/10/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 91 Cirsium ochrocentrum 7/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 110 Cosmos parviflorus 8/31/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 84 Engelmannia peristenia 8/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 78 Gutierrezia sarothrae 8/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC, NY, COLO ASTERACEAE 98 Helianthus annuus 8/16/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 45 Pectis angustifotia 7/28/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 63 Ratibida columnifera 8/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 32 Ratibida tagetes 7/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 106 Sanvitalia abertii 8/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 21 Senecio flaccidus 6/4/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 70 Solidago wrightii 7/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 43 Thelesperma megapotamicum 7/29/1898 Gray, NM NMC ASTERACEAE 72 Xanthisma blephariphyllum 8/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC BERBERIDACEAE 9 Berberis haematocarpa 5/26/1898 Gray, NM NMC BRASSICACEAE 48 Lepidium alyssoides 7/22/1898 Gray, NM NMC BRASSICACEAE 87 Nasturtium officinale 4/15/1898 Roswell, NM NMC BRASSICACEAE 3 Physaria fendleri 4/18/1898 Roswell, NM NMC BRASSICACEAE 89 Physaria valida 5/11/1898 Gray, NM NY BRASSICACEAE 53 Schoenecrambe linearifolia 7/22/1898 Gray, NM NMC BRASSICACEAE 42 Thelypodium wrightii 7/22/1898 Gray, NM NMC CHENOPODIACEAE 56 Atriplex canescens 7/28/1898 Gray, NM NMC COMMELINACEAE sn Tradescantia hirsutiflora 5/13/1895 MS US CONVOLVULACEAE 80 Ipomoea purpurea 1898 Gray, NM NMC CUCURBITACEAE 104 Sicyos parviflorus 9/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC CUPRESSACEAE 75 Juniperus deppeana 8/2/1898 Gray, NM NY, NMC CYPERACEAE 59 Cyperus esculentus 8/4/1 898 Gray, NM UNM DROSERACEAE sn Drosera tracyi 5/22/1895 MS US EUPHORBIACEAE 8 Chamaesyce albomarginata 5/21/1898 Gray, NM NMC EUPHORBIACEAE 118 Chamaesyce revoluta 1898 Gray, NM NY, US EUPHORBIACEAE 71 Chamaesyce serpyllifolia 8/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC, NY EUPHORBIACEAE 51 Chamaesyce stictospora 7/29/1898 Gray, NM NMC, GH, NY FABACEAE 31 Acacia angustissima 8/11/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 2 Astragalus mollissimus 4/15/1898 Roswell, NM NMC FABACEAE 7 Astragalus mollissimus 5/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE sn Chamaecrista fasciculata 8/31/1895 MS US FABACEAE sn Chamaecrista nictitans 7/18/1895 MS US FABACEAE 55 Dalea Candida 8/2/1898 Gray, NM NMC ( Continued on page 5, Skehan ) Page 5 w H ( Skehan , continued from page 4) Family # Specimen Date Location Herbarium FABACEAE 18 Dalea jamesii 6/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 27 Hoffmanseggia glauca 6/20/1898 Nogal, NM NMC FABACEAE 24 Lathyris eucosmos 6/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 6 Oxytropis sericea 5/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 35 Robinia neomexicana 6/17/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE sn Senna occidentalis Jul or Sep’95 MS US ' FABACEAE 19 Sophora nuttalliana 6/2/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 15 Vicia ludoviciana 5/25/1898 Gray, NM NMC FABACEAE 88 Vicia ludoviciana subsp ludovi¬ ciana Spring 1898 Gray, NM NMC FAGACEAE 68 Quercus gambelii 8/9/1898 Gray, NM NMC HYDRANGEACEAE 114 Fendlera rupicola var. falcata 1898 Gray, NM NMC , JUGLANDACEAE 29 Juglans major 6/18/1898 Nogal, NM NMC LAMIACEAE 74 Monarda aristata 7/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC LAMIACEAE 101 Salvia reflex a 8/5/1898 Gray, NM NMC LAMIACEAE 73 Salvia subincisa 8/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC j LAMIACEAE 61 Teucrium laciniatum 8/5/1898 Gray, NM NMC MALVACEAE 117 Anoda cristata 8/9/1898 Gray, NM NMC MALVACEAE 23 Sphaeralcea coccinea 6/6/1898 Gray, NM UNM NYCTAGINACEAE 102 Allionia choisyi 8/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC NYCTAGINACEAE 38 Mirabilis multiflora 7/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC NYCTAGINACEAE 13 Mirabilis oxybaphoides 8/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC ONAGRACEAE 17 Gaura coccinea 6/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC ONAGRACEAE 92 Oenothera coronopifolia 7/18/1898 Gray, NM NMC ORCHIDACEAE sn Calopogon pallidus 5/9/1895 MS US ORCHIDACEAE sn Cleistes divaricata var. bifaria 5/15/1895 MS US OXALIDACEAE 112 Oxalis caerulea 6/17/1898 Gray, NM NMC, NY PAPAVERACEAE 79 Argemone squarrosa 8/1898 Gray, NM NMC, JEP, NY PINACEAE 25 Pinus edulis 6/13/1898 Gray, NM NY, NMC POACEAE 57 Aristida havardii 8/2/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 94 Bouteloua curtipendula 8/27/1898 Gray, NM NMC , POACEAE 64 Bouteloua gracilis 8/16/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 58 Eragrostis erosa 8/3/1898 Gray, NM NMCR j POACEAE 34 Erioneuron pilosum 6/27/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 49 Hilaria jamesii 8/26/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 62 Lycurus setosus 8/12/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 47 Muhlenbergia torreyi 7/26/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 65 Muhlenbergia torreyi 8/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 97 Panicum obtusum 8/1898 Gray, NM NMC POACEAE 67 Scheddonardus paniculatus 8/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC , POLEMONIACEAE 50 Ipomopsis longiflora subsp. neomexicana 7/30/1898 Gray, NM NMC POLEMONIACEAE 10 Phlox triovulata 5/23/1898 Gray, NM NMC POLYGONACEAE 96 Eriogonum hieracifolium 8/17/1898 Gray, NM NMC, GH, K, NY, POM, US, UC POLYGONACEAE 44 Eriogonum jamesii var. jamesii 7/28/1898 Gray, NM NMC POLYGONACEAE 22 Rumex hymenosepalus 5/25/1898 Gray, NM NMC RANUNCULACEAE 69 Clematis ligusticifolia 8/9/1898 Gray, NM NMC ROSACEAE 30 Fallugia paradoxa 8/4/1898 Gray, NM NMC (Continued on page 6. Skehan) ( Skehan continued from page 5) Family # Specimen Houstonia acerosa var. polypre- Date Location Herbarium RUB1ACEAE 36 moides 6/13/1898 Gray, NM NMC SCROPHULARIACEAE 113 Castilleja integra 6/22/1898 Gray, NM NMC SOLANACEAE 37 Chamaesaracha coniodes Physalis foetens var. neomexi- 6/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC, GH, NY, US SOLANACEAE 60 cana May/June'98 Gray, NM NMC SOLANACEAE 40 Physalis hederaefolia 7/7/1898 Gray, NM NMC SOLANACEAE 16 Solanum eleagnifolium 6/1/1898 Gray, NM NMC, NY VERBENACEAE 5 Glandularia bipinnatifida 5/11/1898 Gray, NM NMC VERBENACEAE 20 Verbena perennis 6/6/1898 Gray, NM NMC ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 52 Kallstroemia parviflora 7/29/1898 Gray, NM NMC The Dismemberment of the Scrophulariaceae Those of you following the critical analysis of various plant families using numerous lines of evidence, including DNA analysis, have been witness to the frequent reorganization and realignment now occurring throughout the plant kingdom. One of the last families left standing was the Scrophulariaceae, traditional home of penstemon, Indian paintbrush, mullein, figwort, veronica, and many other familiar and beautiful plants. Alas, the exigencies of modem monotheism, er, urn, 1 mean modem monophyly, require (and it seems, 1 will admit, with good cause) a concordant reorganization of the “scrophs.” Listed below are the New Mexico genera of traditional Scrophulariaceae and their current classification under the new systems, and the three genera and nine species remain¬ ing. Agahnus = see OROBANCHACEAE Andenostegia = see OROBANCHACEAE Antirrhinum = see PLANTAGINACEAE Bacopa = see PLANTAGINACEAE Besseya = see PLANTAGINACEAE Bracliystigma = see OROBANCHACEAE Castilleja = see OROBANCHACEAE Clielone = see PLANTAGINACEAE Collinsia = see PLANTAGINACEAE Conobea = see PLANTAGINACEAE Cordylanthus = see OROBANCHACEAE Dasystoma = see OROBANCHACEAE Elepliantella = see OROBANCHACEAE Epixiphium = see PLANTAGINACEAE Gerardia = see OROBANCHACEAE Granola = see PLAN TAGINACEAE Illysanthes = see PLANTAGINACEAE Leiostemon = see PLANTAGINACEAE Leucophyllum Texas sage minus Gray Big Bend Texas sage Limosella = see PLANTAGINACEAE Liliana = see PLANTAGINACEAE Linderma = see PLANTAGINACEAE Maurandella = see PLANTAGINACEAE Maurandya = see PLANTAGINACEAE Mecardonta = see PLANTAGINACEAE Mimulus = see PLANTAGINACEAE Monmera = sec OROBANCHACEAE Nutlallamhus = see PLANTAGINACEAE Orthocarpus = see OROBANCHACEAE Pagesia = see PLANTAGINACEAE Pedtculans = see OROBANCHACEAE Penstemon = see PLANTAGINACEAE Rliinanthus = see OROBANCHACEAE Schistophragma = see PLANTAGINACEAE Scrophularia figwort laevis Wooton & Stand ley Organ Mountain figwort lanceolata Pursh lance-leaf figwort macrantha Greene ex Stiefelhagen New Mexico figwort Scrophularia coccinea Gray Scrophularia neomexicana Shaw monlana Wooton mountain figwort pan’iflora Wooton & Standley piney figwort Synthyris = see PLANTAGINACEAE Verbascum mullein blattaria Linnaeus white mullein tliapsus Linnaeus moth mullein virgalum Stokes wand mullein Veronica = see PLANTAGINACEAE \%a#/ Page 7 V y r Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd , Farmington, NM 87402] Arctostapliylos patula Greene (Ericaceae, green-leaf manzanita): San Juan County: Navajo Reservation, Chuska Mountains, east rim above Whiskey Creek, ca 4.5 mi northwest of Berland Lake and 6.75 mi southwest of Toadlena Lake, scattered ponderosa pine with aspen and Gambel oak, Fendler mountain lilac, and needle- thread grass, shallow silty to silty sand soils over Chuska sandstone caprock, 8890 feet, 8 Jul 2001, Arnold Clifford 01-851 (SJNM). Det. John Spence. Astragalus Jlexuosus (Hooker) Douglas ex G. Don var. diehlii (M.E. Jones) Barneby (Leguminosae, pliant milkvetch): San Juan County: T22N R1 1 W SI 9 NW %sec, Navajo Nation, ca 5 mi ENE of Lake Valley, 1 mile east of Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash, sandy soils, 1850 m, 3 Jun 1995, Ken Heil 8932 (SJNM). Det. Stan Welsh. Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. humistratus Isely (Leguminosae, Missouri milkvetch): Rio Arriba County: Rolling low hills of sage and grassland WSW of Eagle Point, 1 .2 miles west of highway 84 on County' Road 349, Mancos clay soils, 36°56’15”N 106°48’58”W, 2312 m, corolla light purple with white “eye”, 6 Jun 2000, S.L. O’Kane and Ken Heil 4823 (SJNM). Det. Stan Welsh. Lupinus argenteus Pursh var. moabensis (D. Dunn & Harmon) S. Welsh (Leguminosae, silvery lupine): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Snake Bridge, 1 .5 mi E of Arizona border, up Sanostee Wash to about 13 mi W of Sanostee, sand and gravel wash and wooded area, N36°25’07” W109°0r01”, 6400 ft, 8 Jun 1995, Cvndie Holmes 348 (SJNM). Det by Stan Welsh. Lupinus caudatus Kellogg var. utahensis (S. Watson) S. Welsh (Leguminosae, Utah lupine): San Juan County, Navajo Nation, northeast rim of Beautiful Mountain, ponderosa pine, N36o30’01" W108°58'14”, 8695 ft, 30 Jun 2004, Ken Heil. Arnold Clifford. Les Lundquist. & Wayne Mietty 24172 (SJNM). Det. Stan Welsh. McKinley County: ca 4 mi W of Tohatchi on Red Will Creek Road, S0697386 E3976206, ponderosa pine, pinyon pine, Juniperus monosperma, J. scopulorum, sandy soils, 8027 ft, 17 May 2000, Ken Heil. S.L. O’Kane. Jr & Arnold Clifford 14601 (SJNM). Mirabilis glandulosa (Standley) Weber (Nyctaginaceae, Colorado four o’clock): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, ca 5 miles up Carrizo Mountain Road from US 160, Morrison Formation, steep hill along road cut with Hedysarum & Chrysothamnus, N36°51 ’44” W109°12’39”, 6652 ft. 12 May 2004, Ken Heil & Les Lundquist 23576 (SJNM). Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindley (Orchidaceae, scent-bottle). Taos County: wet meadow at about 8500 ft, 2 Aug 1976, S. Williams (SJNM). Det Linda and Timothy Reeves. *Prunus avium Linnaeus (Rosaceae, sweet cherry): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Shiprock, roadside, 5000 ft, F. Eldridee s.n. (SJNM). Det. by D. Roth. Stuckenia vaginata (Turczaninow) Holub (Potamogetonaceae, sheathing pondweed): San Juan County: Navajo Nation, Chuska Mountains, Toadalena Lake, Road 7170 west of US 491, mountain meadow pond along shallow shoreline, 36°14.184N 108°57.016W. 9062 ft, 20 Jul 2001, C.B. Hellquist 16632 & A. Clifford (SJNM). Det. C.B. Hellquist. Valeriana occidentalis A. Heller (Valerianaceae, small-flowered valerian): Rio Arriba County: Gooding Ranch, road up eastern portion of Stove Ridge, 1.7 mi up road from main ranch road, in avalanche shoot, N36°59’09” W106°44’21”, 9088 ft, 8 Jun 2000, Ken Heil & S.L. O’Kane Jr. 14793 (SJNM). San Miguel County: Santa Fe National Forest, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, found at the junction of Holy Ghost Canyon and Terraro, 7800 ft, 23 May 1996, Ken Heil 9666 (SJNM). Grant County: State Road 15, north of Silver City, ca 1 0 mi N of Los Pinos, ponderosa pine, alligator juniper-oak community, 3 May 2000, N.D. Atwood 25439 (SJNM). All det F.R. Barrie. — Richard Worthington [P.O. Box 1333, El Paso, TX 79913] Chamaesyce tlieriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners var. spurca (M.C. Johnston) M.H. Mayfield (Euphorbiaceae, Terlingua spurge): Dona Ana County: West Potrillo Mountains, Guzman's Lookout Mt, N31° 49.3' W107° 13.6', 4696 ft, on volcanic cinders and/or basalt with wind blown silicon sand, 23 Aug 1986. R D, Worthington 14696 (UTEP). — Jane Mygatt [UNM Herbarium, Castetter Hall Rin 133, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131] *Iris pseudacorus Linnaeus (Iridaceae): Bernalillo County: Albuquerque Bosque, just south of 1-40, in irrigation ditch along the Rio Grande bike path, UTM 13S 0345986 E, 3886059 N, 1511 m, growing in water with Salix exigua, Hordeum jubatum, Sisymbrium irio, flowers bright yellow, 15 May 2007, Jane Mygatt & Lolly Jones 211 (UNM). From my continuing preoccupation with Dwight Ripley, I offer another sample of his writing, this time from “Utah in the Spring” (Quart. Bull. Alpine Gard. Soc. 49:168-172. 1942.): “These loco-weeds (from the Spanish word for “mad”) have the reputation of driving cattle crazy, so that the poor creatures are occasionally seen staggering about their pastures or lying in the most uncomfortable positions, their motor nerves at sixes and sevens. Astragali have much the same effect on the botanist. For unless he has previously made an intensive study of the genus (and Rupert fortunately is as much at home with valves and sutures and the Eleusinian mysteries of the pod as Jones or Rydberg themselves, so that identification holds no terrors for him), he is likely to find himself caught in a labyrinth from which he emerges only after long months of fruitless endeavour and often with white hair." Publication and Subscription Information “The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MS C Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu 54th Annual Systematics Symposium, 12 -13 October 2007 The topic of this year's symposium at the Missouri Botanical Garden is "Biodiversity and Conservation in the Andes." Speakers include Alan Graham. Jon Fjeldsa, Lena Struwe, Ivan Jimenez, Kenneth Young, Christa Placzek, Carolina Murcia, and John Terborgh. For more information see or e- mail Mick Richardson < mick.richardson@mobot.org>. Available on-line at http // spectre nmsu.edu/dept/ welcome html?t=rsh Kelly Allred w Cooperative Extension Service w U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University 7 he T'Ucv "Wtcxico Las Cruces, NM 88003 LuEST HEKT MERTZ -IBRARV AUU (19 2007 Ni ivv York BOTANICAL GARDEN William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. O 2J -f C/J New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, x religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. cn - A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Chamaesyce in New Mexico . 1 • Layia . 14 • Plant Reports . 16 The Status of the Genus Chamaesyce in New Mexico Eugene Jercinovic P.O. Box 246, Torreon NM, 87061 The genus Chamaesyce contains between 250 and 300 species worldwide. The United States has roughly 90 species. The Southwest has the greatest species diversity. Texas leads the nation with over 40 species, followed by Arizona with about 30, and New Mexico with 27. Plants in the genus utilize the C4 photosynthetic pathway with the leaves displaying Kranz anat¬ omy (Steinman & Felger, 1997). The group is best collected in late summer. Seeds are ex¬ tremely important in classification. In New Mexico the group has not been thoroughly collected and is often overlooked in the quest for more interesting and spectacular plants. This paper is an effort to elucidate the group in the state, to develop a state specific key, and to illustrate the range of each species. In 1941, Louis Cutter Wheeler produced his classic monograph of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce. However, controversy has swirled around this treatment. Since Wheeler consid¬ ered Chamaesyce as a subgenus of Euphorbia rather than a genus, the following discussion will employ his designations. Wheeler's characterization of E. maculata has been the subject of much confusion. As detailed by Burch (1966), Wheeler, in his analysis of Linnaean specimens, se¬ lected the wrong plant as the type of E. maculata. The correct type for E. maculata is that de¬ scribed by Wheeler as E. supina. Wheeler's description of E. maculata corresponds to E. nu¬ tans. Burch also indicates: "... there seems little room for argument against maintaining E. chamaesyce L. as the name for a Mediterranean plant not so far found in the New World, and E. prostrata Ait. as the name for a weed of the Old and New World tropics." The case of E. vermiculata is also of interest. Wheeler states: "In Arizona and New Mexico it [E. vermiculata ] may be native and represent the fringes of a puzzling Mexican complex cen¬ tering around E. maculata [E. nutans]. Most of the Arizonan and New Mexican plants approach or even intergrade with E. maculata [E. nutans]. To identify plants of Arizona and New Mexico with those of New England when they are not found between may seem fantastic but even worse is the fact that some Argentinian specimens seem identical." Wheeler depicts the western boundary of the species along the shore of Lake Michigan with the exception of the anomalous specimens in Arizona and New Mexico. Victor Steinman (1997, p.45) also indicates that the presence of E. vermiculata in New Mexico and Arizona is unlikely and that these specimens might be better treated as part of E. nutans. Few specimens of either species appear in local herbaria making careful assessment difficult. Existing specimens appear separable on the basis of seed details, so pending a clearer picture of the relationship of these two species, both are included here. A It has been suggested (Patrick Alexander, New Mexico State University, personal com¬ munication) that the separation of E. nutans and E. hyssopifolia may not be simple. The range of E. nutans has classically been considered to be from Texas eastward and northward, while that of E. hyssopifolia has been southern Florida, the southwestern U.S. and Mexico (see range maps below). However, the two species can intergrade with respect to the usual features used to differ¬ entiate them, namely, overall pubescence and the presence or absence of distinct transverse ridges on the seeds. Recent studies of material from Mexico (Johnston, 1975; Steinman & Fel¬ ger, 1997) show that both are present in both Chihuahua and Sonora. Careful study of both taxa in the U.S. and particularly Mexico will most certainly be required to determine their relation- ( Continued on page 2, Chamaesyce) J^otnnice est J^cientia qune ^egetnbilium cognitiorem trndit. — ^/liniiaeus ? Page 2 ( Chamaesyce . continued from page 1) ship. The two treatments above of Mexican Euphorbiaceae both use traditional criteria to distinguish E. nutans and E. hyssopifolia. This is observed here as well. The presence of E. nutans in New Mexico hinges on a single specimen from Hidalgo County. E. villifera has long been considered a part of New Mexico's flora. Wheeler's treatment does not show any specimens from New Mexico. In fact, Wheeler show's that in the United States the species is present only in the state of Texas. Correll and Johnston (1996) also indicate that the species does not exist in the United States outside of Texas. No New Mexico specimens of this species appear in herbaria in the state, nor at UTEP, nor in the Institute of Natural Resource Analysis and Management (INRAM) database. As a result, E. villifera is not treated here. Below is a list of taxa treated, utilizing the taxonomy of A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names (Allred, 2006), followed by a state specific key. A description of each species is provided, with an illustration, a nationwide range map, and a New Mexico range map by county. The key is based on the work of Wheeler and augmented from other sources and herbarium observations. Descriptions were prepared by this author from multiple sources and observations. With the exception of Chamae¬ syce carunculata, line drawings and national range maps of all species are taken from Wheeler's presentation with permission from the editors of Rhodora. The Ch. carunculata map and drawing were prepared by this author. Due to resizing of the line drawings required for proper formatting, the size ratios on the originals were no longer accurate and were removed. All line drawings were prepared by Gordon W. Dillon except for species fendleri (Frances M. Fay) and carunculata (Eugene Jercmovic). Ranges of varia¬ tion of individual species may result in some inconsistencies between descriptions and line drawings. New Mexico range maps were prepared from examination of specimens at UNM, NMC, NMCR, SJNM, SNM, and UTEP and by consulting the INRAM database, and represent current documented distributions. Site data of specimens were often incomplete limiting precise locations of collec¬ tions. Hence, New Mexico ranges are by county. In the case of Ch. fendleri, distributions of both varieties are illustrated on the same range map, with var. fendleri shown in gray and var. chaetocalyx shown with the letter C. Intergrades occur and are not repre¬ sented. Included Taxa 1 Chamaesyce abramsiana (L.C. Wheeler) Koutnik 1 5. 2. Chamaesyce acuta (Engelmann) Millspaugh 16. 3. Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torrey & Gray) Small 17. 4 Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelmann) Arthur 18. 5. Chamaesyce capitellata (Engelmann) Millspaugh 1 9. 6. Chamaesyce carunculata (Waterfall) Shinners 20. 7. Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh 21. 8 Chamaesyce fendleri Torrey & Gray var. chaetocalyx (Boissier) Shinners 22. Chamaesyce fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small var. fendleri 23. 9 Chamaesyce geyen (Engelmann) Small 24. 1 0. Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelmann) Small 25. 1 1 . Chamaesyce hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh 26. 12. Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Linnaeus) Small 13. Chamaesyce lata (Engelmann) Small 27. 14. Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small Chamaesyce micromera (Bossier ex Engelmann) Wooton & Standley Chamaesyce missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners Chamaesyce nutans (Lagasca) Small Chamaesyce pariyi (Engelmann) Rydberg Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelmann) Small Chamaesyce serpens (Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth) Small Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small Chamaesyce serrula (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley Chamaesyce setiloba (Engelmann ex Torrey) Millspaugh ex Parish Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelmann) Small Chamaesyce theriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners var. spurca (M.C. Johns¬ ton) Mayfield Chamaesyce vermiculata (Rafinesque) House A Key for Chamaesyce in New Mexico (Adapted from L. C. Wheeler) 1 Ovary and capsule glabrous 2 Stipules united into a white, glabrous membranous scale 3 Annual; staminate flowers 5-10; seeds ca. 1 mm long . 21. Ch. serpens 3 Perennial; staminate flowers 12 or more; seeds 1.2-1. 7 mm long . 3. Ch. albomarginata 2 Stipules not as above 4 Delicate, thin-stemmed, erect annual with symmetrical, linear leaves and capsules 1.3-1. 4 mm long; seed faces with 2 transverse, rounded ridges . 20.C/i. revoluta 4 Perennials or annuals not as above 5 Capsules 5-6 mm long; plants annual, leaves entire, intemodes 2-1 2 cm usually much exceeding subtending leaves.. 6. Ch. carunculata 5 Capsules less than 3 mm long 6 Annual; glands without appendages or with a slight rudiment; leaves always entire, never linear, never more than 10 mm long . . 15. Ch. micromera 6 Glands with appendages; leaves sometimes serrate, sometimes more than 10 mm long 7 Robust, erect annuals with larger leaves mostly over 15 mm long, margins serrate, capsules 1.6-2. 3 mm long 8 Stems usually crisply hairy, at least on the young tips, rarely pilose; seeds finely wrinkled . 17. Ch. nutans 8 Stems mostly glabrous, sometimes pilose; seeds with broad, very shallow depressions separated by low smooth ridges . 12. Ch. hyssopifolia 1 Small prostrate to erect annuals or perennials with largest leaves less than 15 mm long ( Continued on page 3. Chamaesyce) ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 2) 9 Perennial; cyathia in leafless terminal cymes, a few in addition sometimes in the upper bifurcations; stems not pilose . . 5. Ch. capitellata 9 Annual or perennial; cyathia solitary, or if in leafy cymes, stems pilose 10 Seeds with definite transverse ridges; plants annual 1 1 Stipules 0.7-1 .0 mm long, ventral mostly united into a scale, dorsal mostly distinct, subulate, entire; leaf margins entire . . 26. Ch. theriaca 1 1 Stipules distinct, 2- to several -parted or dissected; leaf margins usually serrulate at least at the apex 12 Stipules less than 0.5 mm long; involucral lobes divided into 2-4 slender segments, proximal greatly exceeding glands; herbage (at least stems) often pubescent . 1. Ch. abraittsiana 1 2 Stipules 0.4-1 .4 mm long; involucral lobes triangular, shortly attenuate, slightly exceeding glands; herbage glabrous . 10. Ch. glyptosperma 10 Seeds smooth to rugulose, but never with regular transverse ridges 13 Herbage variously hairy; plants annual 14 Stems prostrate, pilose; capsules triangular in cross -section, 2. 1-2.6 mm long; seeds smooth, chalky white . . 23. Ch. serrula 14 Stems prostrate to suberect, sparsely pilose; capsules! .6-1 .9 mm long; seeds smooth to slightly wrinkled, dark grayish brown to pale gray . 27. Ch. vermiculata 13 Herbage glabrous, except stipules sometimes with cilia 15 Seeds smooth, plump; leaves always entire; plants annual, mostly drying yellowish green 16 Leaves not linear, oblong to ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4-10 mm long, about twice as long as wide; plants prostrate . 9. Ch. geyeri 16 Leaves linear to linear-oblong, more than 6 times as long as broad 1 7 Petaloid appendages narrow and more or less ascending; plants prostrate . 18. Ch. parryi 17 Petaloid appendages mostly longer than glands are wide, ovate, more or less spreading; plants ascending to erect . 16. Ch. missurica 15 Seeds often wrinkled, if smooth, mostly slender; leaves sometimes serrulate; plants mostly drying brownish to green 18 Perennial; capsules more than 2 mm long; leaves entire . 8. Ch. fendleri 1 8 Annual; capsules less than 2 mm long; leaves mostly serrulate; seed faces smooth to slightly punctate or rugulose . 22. Ch. serpyllifolia 1 Ovary and capsule hairy 19 Perennials; staminate flowers 16-60; involucres never urceolate 20 Cyathia borne in dense cymose glomerules, or a few in addition sometimes solitary in the upper bifurcations; leaves often serrate . . 5. Ch. capitellata 20 Cyathia solitary at the nodes and at the tips of the branches; leaves always entire; capsules with short, appressed hairs 21 Leaves acuminate, median mostly over 1 cm long; capsules ca. 3 mm long; seeds 2.2 -2.5 mm long . 2. Ch. acuta 21 Leaves mostly blunt, never more than subacute, rarely as much as 1 cm long; capsules ca. 2.5 mm long; seeds ca. 2 mm long . . 13. Ch. lata 19 Annuals (except Ch arizonicaf staminate flowers up to 12 (sometimes to 15 in Ch. dioicaf capsules less than 2 mm in diameter 22 Involucre urceolate 23 Perennial; appendages entire or crenate; hairs mostly clavate, glandular . 4. Ch. arizonica 23 Annual; appendages deeply parted into a few attenuate segments; hairs tapering . 24. Ch. setiloba 22 Involucre obconic to campanulate 24 Cyathia borne in dense axillary and terminal leafless glomerules . 11. Ch. hirta 24 Cyathia solitary or on short leafy lateral branchlets 25 Proximal appendages greatly prolonged, often concealing the capsule . 7. Ch. dioica 25 Proximal and distal appendages without marked disparity in size 26 Cyathia mostly on congested short, densely leafy lateral branches, some solitary at nodes; styles entire or emarginate; seeds punctately pitted and mottled . 25. Ch. stictospora 26 Cyathia mostly solitary at nodes (appearing clustered by shortening of intemodes); seeds not punctately pitted nor mottled 27 Glands without appendages or with only a slight rudiment; seeds smooth; leaves entire, not over 8 mm long . . 15. Ch. micro m era 27 Glands appendiculate 28 Capsules strigose; seeds with low rounded subregular transverse ridges; styles bifid one-third or less of their length . . 14. Ch. maculata 28 Upper stems crisply hairy; capsules with crisped hairs on the backs of the carpels, but more or less deciduous on the sides; seeds with 5-7 low sharp irregular transverse ridges; styles bifid nearly to the base . 19. Ch. prostrata (Continued on page 4, Chamaesyce) J^otang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants. — ^/jnnaeus Page 4 ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 3) 1. Chamaesyce abramsiana (L.C Wheeler) Koutnik Prostrate annual; stems few to several, 5-30 cm long, 1 mm or less thick, finely pubescent to rarely glabrate; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 2-12 mm long, sparsely puberlent to glabrate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, inequilateral at base, revolute, larger finely serrulate at the apex and on the lower margin, petioles ca. 1 mm long; stipules distinct, ca. 0.5 mm long, 2- to several-parted, sparsely ciliate to glabrous; cyathia commonly in groups of 5-10 on congested lateral branchlets, or solitary at the nodes; involucres obconic, 0.6-0. 8 mm long, 0.6-0. 7 mm wide, glabrous out¬ side, lobes parted into 2-4 slender segments, proximal greatly exceeding glands, distal slightly exceeding glands; glands 4, orbicular to transversely elliptical, 0. 1-0.2 mm long; appendages white 0.3-0. 5 mm long, entire to 2-lobed; stami- nate flowers 3-5 per cyathium, styles of pistillate flowers 3, about 0.3 mm long, bifid to the middle; capsules ellipsoid-oblong 1.3-1. 7 mm long, 3-angled, gla¬ brous; seeds oblong-ovate to oblong, sharply quadrangular, 1-1.4 mm long, widest at the middle, all facets with 4-6 transverse ridges. 2. Chamaesyce acuta (Engelmann) Millspaugh Ascending to erect peren¬ nial from a starchy taproot; stems several to many from a woody crown, 10- 30 cm long, woolly with long weak hairs when young, partly deciduous in age; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 10-20 mm long, 3-8 mm wide, sparsely villous to densely appressed tomentose below, less pu¬ bescent to glabrate above, base subequilateral, rounded to truncate, apex acuminate, margins entire, often revolute, sessile to subsessile; stipules obsolete or absent; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres turbinate to urcelolate, 1.8-2. 2 mm long, 1.7-2. 5 mm wide, sparsely to strongly villous outside; glands 4, oblong-elliptic, slightly concave, ochroleucous; append¬ ages white, as long or longer than glands are wide, margins crenate to erose; staminate flowers 20-25 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, ca 1 mm long, bifid about half their length; capsules 3 mm long and broad, sharply 3-!obed,with short, appressed white hairs; seeds ovoid, quadrangular, 2. 2-2. 5 mm long, 1.5 mm thick, surfaces white, finely re ticulate. 3. Chamaesyce albomargiitata (Torrey & Gray) Small Prostrate perennial from a taproot (becoming woody in age); stems several to numerous, 5-40 cm, glabrous, often rooting at nodes; leaves opposite, orbicular to oblong, 3-8 mm long, sometimes bearing a red spot on middle of adaxial surface, margin en¬ tire, petioles 0.5-1. 2 mm long; stipules united into a deltoid, membranous, white scale with entire to erose or lacerate margins; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres campanulate to obconic or turbinate, 1-1.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, glabrous; glands 4, transversely oblong 0.5-1 mm long, shallowly cupped, ochroleucous or maroon; appendages conspicuous, white, usually wider and longer than glands, margins entire to crenate; staminate flowers 15- 30 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.5-0. 7 mm long, bifid half or more of length; capsules ovoid, sharply 3- angled, glabrous, 1.7-2. 3 mm long; seeds oblong to oblong- ovate, quadrangular, 1 .2-1.7 mm long, 0.7-0. 9 mm thick, whit¬ ish, smooth or finely reticulate in transverse lines. ( Continued on page 5. Chamaesyce ) Page 5 w □ If ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 4) 4. Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelmann) Arthur Prostrate to ascending or suberect perennial from a woody taproot; stems several to many, 5-30 cm long, much branched, with fine, spreading, clavate, glandular hairs; leaves opposite, deltoid-ovate to ovate or uppermost ovate-oblong, 1-10 mm long, rounded at the apex, rounded and oblique at the base, margins entire, often slightly revolute, mostly with fine, spreading hairs, at least on lower surface, petioles 1-2 mm long; stipules minute, upper distinct, lower united; cyathia solitary at nodes and in the forks; involucres long turbinate to urceolate, 1.2- 1.5 mm long, 0.6-0. 8 mm wide, with sparse, short, spreading hairs outside; glands 4, transversely oblong, 0.3-0. 4 mm long, red, concave; appendages white to rosy tinged, oval, 0.5-1 mm long, usually entire; staminate flowers 5-10 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, ca. 0.5 mm long, bifid to the middle; capsules subglobose, obtusely triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, with spreading hairs; seeds oblong or ovoid quadrangular, 1-1.2 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm thick, facets with rounded, low, often anastomosing transverse ridges. ..irr ,..j . . r L . V i > i . l 5. Chamaesyce capitellata (Engelmann) Millspaugh Ascending to erect peren¬ nial; stems few to several, 5-40 cm long, 0.5-1 .5 mm thick, puberlent to glabrous; leaves ovate to linear-lanceolate, 4-25 mm long, pubescent to glabrous, base strongly inequilateral, usually sharply and coarsely serrate on lower margin, en¬ tire on upper, sometimes alike on both margins; stipules usually distinct, subu¬ late-attenuate, 1 .5-2 mm long, ciliate to pubescent, divided into a few linear seg¬ ments; cyathia rarely solitary, usually in cymose glomerules; involucres cam- panulate to broadly obconic, 1.3-1. 7 mm wide, glabrous to pubescent on the out¬ side; glands orbicular to transversely oval, 0.2-0.45 mm wide, on long stalks; appendages white to pink, entire, glabrous, usually significantly larger than glands; staminate flowers 28-41 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.6-0. 7 mm long, bifid one-half to two-thirds the length; capsules 1.3-1. 9 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, subacutely 3-lobed; seeds quadrangular 1.2-1. 4 mm long, 0.6-0. 8 mm thick, narrowly ovoid, surfaces with small depressions or faint, transverse wrinkles. ! MM .... M*' }.. , l r rv 1 i _ vj) V _r r . \ . T . )•••■ his i i 1 6. Chamaesyce carunculata (Waterfall) Shinners Prostrate annual; stems sev¬ eral to many, 10-100 cm or more long, 2-4 mm thick, glabrous, branched, inter¬ nodes 2-12 cm long, usually much longer than the subtending leaves; leaves ovate to oblong-elliptic, 10-25 mm long, 5-15 mm wide, glabrous, acute and mucronate at the apex, base truncate to sometimes subcordate, slightly inequilat¬ eral, margins entire, petioles 2-8 mm long; stipules distinct, lanceolate, 1-2 mm long, usually bifid; cyathia solitary in the forks and at the upper nodes; involu¬ cres campanulate, ca. 2 mm long and wide, glabrous outside; glands 4, elliptic to suborbicular 0.3-0. 8 mm across, short-stalked, usually cupped; appendages white to yellowish, from narrower that to much wider than glands, margins entire or erose; staminate flowers 16-26 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.7- 0.8 mm long, bifid ca. one-third of their length; capsules ovoid, 4.5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, deeply 3-lobed, glabrous; seeds laterally compressed, never angulate, 4-5 mm long, 0.7-0. 9 mm x 1.5-2 mm near base, narrowing acuminately to apex, grayish-white or mottled reddish-brown. Plants of sand dunes. (Continued on page 6. Chamaesyce) w Page 6 tf ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 5) 7. Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millspaugh Prostrate annual; stems few to several, 5-25 cm long, 0.5-1 mm thick, crisply pilose towards tips, less so at the base, intemodes shortened towards tips producing crowded leaves and cyathia; leaves opposite, ovate-deltoid to oblong, 5-8 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, apex acute, base strongly inequilateral, serrulate, mostly glabrate above, sparsely crisp-pilose below; stipules distinct, linear-subulate, 1-1.5 mm long, entire, with short crisped hairs; cyathia solitary at distal nodes; involucres cylindrical-campanulate, ca. 1 mm long and wide, pubescent out¬ side; glands 4, transversely oval to oblong, 0.2-0. 6 mm long, proximal glands about twice as long as distal; appendages white to reddish, wavy margined, distal symmetrical, 0.2-0. 3 mm long, proximal asymmetrical, greatly pro¬ longed, 1-1.5 mm long; staminate flowers 5-15 per cyathium; styles of pistil¬ late flowers 3, 0.7- 1.3 mm long, entire or slightly bifid; capsules somewhat pear-shaped, 1.4- 1.6 mm long, 3-lobed, base truncate, strigose; seeds nar¬ rowly ovate to oblong, quadrangular, 0.9-1. 2 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm thick, surfaces with 3-5 transverse ridges separated by deep grooves, white, finely wrinkled. 8. Chamaesy ce fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small Decumbent to erect perennial from a taproot (becoming woody in age); stems several to numerous, 5-15 cm. long; leaves opposite, ovate-orbicular to ovate-lanceolate, 3-1 1 mm long, glabrous, margins entire, base inequilateral, petioles ca. 1 mm long; stipules distinct, 0.5-1 mm long, linear, mostly entire; cy¬ athia solitary at the nodes; involucres turbinate to campanu- late, 1.2- 1.8 mm long, glabrous outside; glands 4, trans¬ versely elliptical, reddish, 0.5-1 mm long, 1.5-4 times as long as wide; appendages white, about as wide as glands, obtuse and crenate or entire and narrowly deltoid; sta¬ minate flowers 25-35 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.3-0. 7 mm long, bifid at least half their length; capsules ovoid, 3-angled, glabrous, 2. 2-2. 5 mm long; seeds ovoid-quadrangular, 2-2.2 mm long, 1-1.2 mm thick, front facets smooth, back facets slightly wrinkled, pinkish-brown to whitish. Kev to Varieties: c c i. ° ..i ' c r-"VI r— — 1 c P — » c , a Plants decumbent to erect; leaves ovate-orbicular to ovate-lanceolate; appendages obtuse and crenate.. .var fendleri a Plants erect and leaves lanceolate; appendages narrowly deltoid and entire... var chaetocalyx (Boissier) Shinners | 9. Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelmann) Small Prostrate annual; stems several, glabrous, 5-40 cm long, 0.4- 1.4 mm thick; leaves opposite, glabrous, oblong to ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 4-10 mm long, about twice as long as broad, oblique and obtuse to rounded at the base, apex obtuse or emarginate, often mucronate, petioles 1-2 mm long; stipules distinct or the ventral some¬ times united, glabrous, 1.0- 1.5 mm long, often divided into three filiform segments; cyathia solitary in upper forks; involucres campanulate to turbinate, 0.9- 1.5 mm long, glabrous outside; glands 4, oval to subcircular, 0. 2-0.6 mm long; appendages white, half to twice as wide as the gland; staminate flowers 5-17 per cyathium, anthers ochroleucous to whitish; styles in pistillate flowers 3, 0.2-0. 6 mm long, 'A-'/i bifid; capsules roundly and deeply 3-lobed, ca. 2 mm long and 2.5 mm broad, base truncate; seeds 1.3- 1.6 mm long, ovoid to subtriangular, acute at apex, pale brown to nearly white, plump, smooth; plants of sand dunes or sand barrens. Page 7 (Chnmaesyce, continued from page 6) 10. Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelmann) Small Prostrate annual; stems several to numerous, 5-30 cm long, 0.5- 1.5 mm thick, glabrous, much branched; leaves opposite, glabrous, oblong to obovate-oblong (sometimes ovate-oblong), 2-10 mm long, 3-4 times as long as wide, base strongly inequi¬ lateral and rounded to truncate, margins often serrulate at the rounded apex, petioles 0.3-1 mm long; stipules distinct, 0.4- 1.4 mm long, dissected into two or more filiform segments; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres obconic to turbinate, 0. 5-0.8 mm long, 0. 6-0.9 mm wide, glabrous outside, lobes triangu¬ lar, shortly attenuate, slightly exceeding glands; glands 4, small, oblong, 0.1 -0.2 mm wide, cupped; appendages white, from shorter than to about as wide as gland is long, subentire to crenulate; staminate flowers 1-5, mostly 4, per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.15-0.3 mm long, bifid one-third to one- half their length; capsules ovoid, sharply 3-angled, 1.4-1. 7 mm long, wider below the equator, glabrous; seeds ovate, quadran¬ gular, 1-1.3 mm long, widest below the middle, all facets with 3-6 definite transverse ridges which often pass through the angles. i \ ) „,y j ‘j "Xj"-;.' . - W- 4 r u . . r::.f i j 1 _ L.. ~y ! ■“ '] { . i ] *. . y‘\ X j r . 'v .. j ;•••• ; i feddi L . . L i 10 11. Chamaesyce hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh Mostly erect to decumbent an¬ nual from a taproot; stems few 2-60 cm long, 1-1.5 mm thick, strigose and often pilose with long yellow tapering hairs, intemodes 1-4 (-7) cm; leaves varying from narrowly lanceolate to ovate, mostly broadly rhombic-lanceolate, 4-40 mm long, sparsely strigose or glabrate above, below with appressed to spreading crisped hairs, base markedly inequilateral, apex acute, margins sharply to bluntly serrate, petioles 1-2 mm long; stipules distinct or slightly united at base, triangular, attenuate, about 1 mm long, usually with linear lobes below and with short scattered hairs; cyathia in dense pedunculate clusters; involucres obconic- campanulate, 0.6-0. 9 mm wide, upwardly strigose outside; glands 5, stalked, cup- to disk-shaped, circular to elliptic, 0.15-0.3 mm long; appendages white, from obsolete to twice as wide as glands, glabrous; staminate flowers 2-8 per cy¬ athium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0. 2-0.4 mm long, bifid one-half to two-thirds of length; capsules sharply 3-angled, 1-1.2 mm long, antrorsely short-strigose, base truncate; seeds sharply quadrangular, 0.7-0. 9 mm long, 0.5-0. 6 mm thick, with subregular to irregular, low, smooth, wrinkles. ^ ^ 12. Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (Linnaeus) Small Erect annual 10-60 cm tall; stems mostly simple below, with ascending branches above, mostly glabrous, some¬ times sparsely pilose; leaves opposite, lanceolate to oblong, often falcate, 5-30 mm long, base rounded to truncate, inequilateral, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely pilose at the base, margins serrate, petioles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules mostly united, triangular, as broad as high, ca. 1 mm long, margins entire to slightly ciliate or lacerate; cyathia solitary in forks or appearing clustered by shortened intemodes; involucres obconic to turbinate, 1.2-1. 7 mm long, 0. 7-0.9 mm broad, glabrous outside; glands 4, circular to broadly elliptical, 0.15-0.3 mm long, yellowish to maroon; appendages white, reniform from shorter than to twice as long as the glands are wide, entire; staminate flowers 4-15 per cyathium; styles in pistillate flowers 3, 0.5-0. 9 mm long, bifid one-half to two-thirds; cap¬ sules glabrous, broadly ovoid, 1. 6-2.1 mm long, subacutely angled; seeds ovoid- quadrangular, 1-1.4 mm long, 0.7- 1.1 mm thick, larger two facets with 2 or 3 shal¬ low depressions separated by rounded ridges, surface brownish to grayish-white. x; '"r •' dd 'f - 1 i ; j 1 1 12 ( Continued on page 8, Chemaesyce) Page 8 ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 7) 13. Chamaesyce lata (Engelmann) Small Ascending to erect perennial 5-15 cm tall from slender, shallow rhizomes; main stems solitary to several, 1-3 cm long, 0.5-1 mm thick, crisply white hairy to glabrate, forking pseudodichotomously above into branches with short, appressed hairs; leaves opposite, ovate to deltoid, falcate, often appearing narrower due to revolution of margins, 4-12 mm long, 2- 9 mm wide, minutely crisply hair above, white-strigose below, margins entire, petioles ca. 1 mm long, white-strigose; stipules united, subulate, ca. 1 mm long, white-strigose; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres turbinate to campanulate, 1-1.5 mm long, crisply white-hairy; glands 4 transversely oblong, 0.5-0. 8 mm long; appendages ochroleucous, from obsolete to about as wide as gland is long, margins crenate to erose; staminate flowers 25-35 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0. 4-0.8 mm long, bifid to about the middle; capsules sharply 3-lobed, 2-2.5 mm long, white-strigose; seeds oblong, somewhat quad¬ rangular, 1 .7-2 mm long, brownish to white, facets smooth. j < 'v/ C.'f ‘ L S S L. 13 14. Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small Prostrate to decumbent annual; stems several, 10-45 cm long, glabrate to pubescent at the base, increasingly j shaggy pubescent towards tips; leaves opposite, elliptic-ovate or oblong-ovate to linear-oblong, 4-17 mm long, truncate and inequilateral at the base, sparsely villous to glabrate, especially above, margins serrulate to entire, larger leaves often with 1 or 2 red spots above, petioles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules 1 mm long or less, linear-subulate to narrowly triangular, sometimes 2 or 3 parted; cyathia solitary at the nodes, but often crowded into condensed, leafy clusters by short¬ ened intemodes; involucres turbinate to obconic, 0.5-1 mm long, ca 0.8 mm wide, villous; glands 4, oblong, 0.15-0.25 mm wide, often reddish; appendages white, equaling or slightly surpassing the width of the glands, margins irregularly crenulate; staminate flowers 2-5 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.3-0. 4 mm fi- long, bifid one-fourth to one-third their length; capsules \ ovoid-triangular, sharply 3-angled, 1.2-1. 5 mm long, strigose; seeds quadrangular-oblong, ca 1 mm long, sur- *v 'j faces with subregular, low, transverse ridges. 15. Chamaesyce micromera (Boissier ex Engelmann) Wooton & Standley Prostrate annual; stems glabrous to puberlent, 5-20 cm long, much branched; leaves opposite, 2-7 mm long, ovate to oblong, glabrous to puberlent, base strongly oblique in larger leaves, slightly oblique in smaller leaves, margins entire, petioles ca. 0.5 mm long; stipules distinct to partially united, 0.5-0. 8 mm long, subulate to triangular, short ciliate, at least at tip; cyathia solitary in the axils; involucres campanulate, slightly constricted above, ca. 1 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, glabrous to pubescent outside; glands 4, discoid to transversely oblong, 0. 1-0.2 mm long, pink to red; appendages absent or sometimes pre¬ sent as a thin white margin on glands; staminate flowers 2-5 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0. 2-0.3 mm long, notched or bifid; capsules globular, 3-angled, 1 .2-1 .4 mm long, glabrous to pubescent; seeds oblong, quadrangular, 1.1 -1.3 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm thick, white to brownish, facets smooth to faintly wrinkled. ( Continued on page 9. Chamaesyce) ( Chamnesyce , continued from page 8) 16. Chamaesyce missurica (Rafinesque) Shinners Ascending to erect annual; stems several 10-80 cm long, glabrous, much branched; leaves opposite, gla¬ brous, linear, 1-3 cm long, 1.5-5 mm wide, glabrous, apex truncate to emargi- nate, base symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, margins entire; stipules dis¬ tinct to somewhat united, triangular-subulate to linear, glabrous, 1-1.5 mm long, entire to parted; cyathia solitary or appearing clustered by shortened intemodes; involucres campanulate, 1.2-1. 7 mm long, 1.7-1. 9 mm broad, glabrous outside; glands 4, elliptic to subcircular, 0.3-0. 6 mm long, cupped or folded; appendages white to pink, ovate, entire to slightly emarginate, from somewhat to as much as three times as long as glands are wide; staminate flow¬ ers 29-50 per cyathium; styles in pistillate flowers 3, 0. 7-1.0 mm long, bifid half _ _ their length; capsules 2-2.5 mm long, globose-ovoid to roundly triangular, or y more deeply 3-lobed, glabrous; seeds ovoid to broadly ovoid-triangular, 1.5-2 — r mm long, 1 .2-1.4 mm thick, brownish white, angles evident but blunt. •> 17. Chamaesyce nutans (Lagasca) Small Erect annual, 10-80 cm tall; stems simple for first few centimeters, pseudodichotomously forking into long, erect or ascending branches, distal intemodes often crisply pubescent on a line or on one or two sides; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate to oblong or falcate-lanceolate, 8-35 mm long, mostly glabrous above, usually pilose below at least at the base, base rounded or truncate, inequilateral, margins serrate, petioles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules mostly united, sometimes distinct at distal nodes, triangular to subulate up to about 1 mm long, ciliate to lacerate marginally; cyathia solitary or in cy- mose clusters; involucres obconic to turbinate 0.7- 1.0 mm long and wide, gla¬ brous outside; glands 5, stalked, circular to elliptical, 0.1 -( appendages rudimentary to 0.5 mm long, oval, entire or somewhat lobed; staminate flowers 5-11 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0. 6-1.0 mm long, bifid one- third to one-half their length; capsules glabrous, broadly ovoid, 1.9-2. 3 mm long, subacutely lobed; seeds ovoid, 1.1- 1.6 mm long, 0. 9-1.1 mm thick, grayish white, irregularly wrinkled or faintly rippled. mm in diameter 18 Chamaesyce parryi (Engelmann) Rydberg Erect to prostrate annual; stems several, glabrous 5-70 cm long; leaves opposite, linear, 5-28 mm long, entire, glabrous, base slightly inequilateral, apex rounded, often mucronate, petioles 1-2 mm long; stipules distinct, inconspicuous, up to 1 mm long, subulate to bifid or cleft into slender segments; cyathia solitary and terminal in stem forks; involucres cupulate-campanulate, 1-1.7 mm long; glands 4, 0. 3-0.5 mm long, elliptic, cupped; appendages white to ochroleucous, entire, narrow, generally narrower that the gland is wide; staminate flowers 40-55 per cyathium; styles in pistillate flowers 3, 0.7-0. 8 mm long, bifid one-third to two-thirds their length; capsules deeply 3-lobed to triangular or globose, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous; seeds plumply ovoid, obscurely and roundly triangular, 1.4- 1.8 mm long, smooth or inconspicu¬ ously roughened, mottled brown and white; plants of sand dunes or very sandy soil. (Continued on page 10. Chamaesyce ) I Page 10 ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 9) 19. Chamaesyce prostrata (Alton) Small Prostrate to decumbent annual; stems several to many, 5-30 cm long, 1-1.5 mm thick, much branched, crisply short- villous to glabrate; leaves opposite, elliptic or elliptic-oblong to obovate- spatulate or ovate, 3-11 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, short crisply villous below, glabrate above, margins serrulate, especially at the apex, base inequilateral, peti¬ oles 0.5-1 mm long; stipules narrowly triangular-subulate, short pubescent, sometimes lacerate, distinct on dorsal side of stems, often united on ventral side; cyathia solitary at distal nodes, mostly on lateral branches with shortened inter¬ nodes; involucres obconic, 0.8-1 mm long, 0.6-0. 9 mm wide, sparsely villous; glands 4, transversely oval or oblong to subcircular, 0.15-0.3 mm wide, cupped, sometimes maroon; appendages mostly as narrow or narrower than glands are wide, white to pinkish, denticulate or erose to subentire; staminate flowers 2-5 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.1 -0.3 mm long, bifid nearly to the base; capsules ovoid-triangular, 1-1.4 mm long, widest below the equator, with crisped hairs on the angles, more or less deciduous between; seeds oblong to ovate, sharply quadrangular, 0.9-1 mm long, 0.6-0. 7 mm thick, facets with low, narrow, irregular transverse ridges. 20. Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelmann) Small Erect annual 3-20 cm tall; main stem 2-6 cm tall, up to 2 mm in diameter, glabrous, forking repeatedly into gla¬ brous branches, progressively finer, ultimately 0.15-0.25 mm thick; leaves oppo¬ site, linear 2.5-25 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, petiolate, glabrous, nearly equilat¬ eral at base, margins entire, revolute; stipules distinct, glabrous, entire, linear- subulate, 0.3-0. 8 mm long; cyathia solitary in branch forks, sometimes appearing clustered due to shortened intemodes, peduncles 0.5-1. 4 mm long; involucres obconic to campanulate, glabrous, 0.7-0. 9 mm long; glands 4, subcircular 0.15- 0.3 mm in diameter, lightly cupped; appendages white to purple, ranging from almost obsolete to shortly ovate and somewhat longer than gland is wide, mar¬ gins entire; staminate flowers 3-10 per cyathium; ovary glabrous, 3-angled; styles 3, 0.3-0. 5 mm long, entire or shortly bifid; capsules glabrous, sharply 3- angled, 1.3- 1.5 mm long, basally truncate; seeds ovoid, sharply angled, 1-1.3 mm long, 0. 7-0.9 mm thick, surfaces traversed by 2-3 transverse ridges, not or scarcely involving the angles, coat white over brownish testa. f~ — l. 1 ; ! I u _ ! j :;"’r : v..H . :yi 1 ,!i 1 U 1 u 20 21. Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small Prostrate, glabrous annual; stems numerous, up to 50 cm long, 0. 1-1.1 mm thick, moderately to densely leafy, sometimes rooting at nodes; leaves opposite, ovate-orbicular to oblong, 2-8 mm long, bases mostly inequilateral, margins entire, petioles mostly less than 1 mm long; stipules united into a glabrous, white membrane 0.5-1 mm long, margin entire to erose or lacerate; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres turbinate, about 1 mm long and wide; glands 4, oblong, ochroleucous, cupped, ca 0.2 mm wide; appendages slightly wider than glands, white, margins cre- natc to erose; staminate flowers 5-10 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, ca. 0.5 mm long, notched; capsules ovoid, glabrous, acutely 3-angled, 1-1.3 mm long; seeds narrowly ovoid, with rounded angles, 0.8-1 mm long brownish with a white coat, facets smooth to finely wrinkled. (Continued on page II, Chamaesyce) \%l#/ Page 1 1 V ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 10) 22. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small Prostrate to ascending annual; stems few to numerous, 5-35 cm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm thick, glabrous, much branched, upper nodes sometimes winged; leaves opposite, quite variable in shape, linear-oblong to oblong, elliptic or obovate-oblong, glabrous, 3-15 mm long, 1.5-4 times as long as wide, base inequilateral, apex rounded, marginally toothed at least at the apex, glabrous; stipules distinct, linear, entire or few parted, 1-1.5 mm long; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres obconic- campanulate to turbinate, 0.5-1 mm long, 0.8-1. 2 mm wide, mostly glabrous; glands 4, sessile to short-stalked, transversely oblong 0. 2-0.5 mm long; ap¬ pendages white, from shorter than to as long as gland is wide, margins entire to crenulate or subdentate; staminate flowers 5-18 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.2-0. 5 mm long, notched or shortly bifid; j . capsules ovoid, 3-angled, 1.3-1. 8 mm long, broadest below, glabrous; seeds quadrangular-ovoid, 1-1.4 mm long, surfaces smooth to slightly * 1 L punctuate or indistinctly wrinkled. a i/ 23. Chamaesyce serrula (Engelmann) Wooton & Standley Prostrate annual; stems few to many, 5-25 cm long, 0.5-1 mm thick, pilose with spreading hairs; leaves opposite, oblong to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, 3-1 1 mm long, 2-8 mm wide, pilose below, sparsely pilose to glabrate above, rounded at the apex, strongly inequilateral at the base, margins of larger leaves sharply serrate, smaller less so to subentire, petioles 0.5-1 mm long; stipules distinct, deltoid- attenuate, 1-2 mm long, laciniate to 3-lobed, the central lobe often longer than lateral lobes; cyathia solitary at nodes, but sometimes appearing clustered due to shortened internodes; involucres obconic-campanulate, 0.5-1 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pilose outside; glands 4, oblong to subcircular, 0. 1 -0.5 mm wide, slightly concave; appendages white, 1 - 3 times as long as glands are wide, rounded, margins entire to crenu¬ late or sometimes erose; staminate flowers 7-13 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.3-0. 4 mm long, bifid from half to nearly entire length; capsules broadly ovoid, obtusely triangular, 2-2.5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm broad, glabrous; seeds ovate to oblong-ovate, sharply quadrangular, 1 .5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm thick, surfaces smooth, chalky-white to grayish-white. 24. Chamaesyce setiloba (Engelmann ex Torrey) Millspaugh ex Parish Prostrate annual; stems several, 5-20 cm long, 0.5-1 mm thick, with white, spreading, mi¬ croscopically tapering hairs, distal internodes often much reduced to form head¬ like clusters of leaves and involucres; leaves opposite, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-7 mm long, 1 .5-4 mm wide, rounded at apex, base oblique, margins entire, surfaces with hairs as stem, less dense on upper sides, petioles 0.5-1 mm long; stipules minute or obsolete; cyathia solitary at the nodes; involucres long turbinate to urcelolate, 1-1.3 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, shortly hairy outside; glands 4, red, transversely elliptic, 0.1 -0.2 mm long, concave; appendages white to pinkish, 0.5- 1 mm long, parted into 3-5 narrow attenuate segments; staminate flowers 3-7 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.2-0. 5 mm long, bifid nearly or quite to the base; capsules ovoid to subglobose, sharply 3-angled, 1-1.4 mm long, villous; seeds oblong-quadrangular, ca. 1 mm long, facets with low irregular wrinkles, whitish. , 24 ( Continued on page 12, Chamaesyce) Page 12 (Chamaesyce. continued from page 1 1) 25. Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelmann) Small Prostrate to ascending annual; stems several, 5-25 cm long, 0.5-1. 5 mm thick, crisply villous, intemodes 1-2 cm long; leaves opposite, suborbicular or ovate to oblong or obovate, 3-10 mm long, 2-5.5 mm wide, short crisply villous below, less so to glabrate above, marginally sharply serrate, at least at the apex, base inequilateral, petioles ca. 1 mm long; stipules distinct or united, triangular to deltoid, ca. 1 mm long, attenuate to some¬ times laciniate; cyathia mostly on short, leafy, congested, lateral branches, some¬ times solitary at nodes; involucres turbinate to obconic, 0.7-0. 9 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, pubescent outside; glands transversely elliptical, oblong or suborbicu¬ lar, 0.1 -0.3 mm wide, often red; appendages from shorter than to somewhat longer than the glands are wide, white to pinkish, margins subentire to crenu- late or toothed; staminate flowers 3-7 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flow¬ ers 3, ca. 0.2 mm long, entire to emarginate; capsules ovoid, roundly triangu¬ lar, 1.4- 1.9 mm Jong, strigose or with some spreading hairs; seeds oblong, sharply quadrangular, 11-1.4 mm long, apically acute, base truncate, surfaces shallowly pitted to faintly transversely rugose. 26. Chamaesyce theriaca (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners var. spurca (M.C. Johnston) Mayfield Prostrate to ascending annual; stems several to many, 5-25 cm long, 0.5-1. 4 mm thick, glabrous, much branched; leaves opposite, ovate or obovate to ovate-orbicular or shortly oblong, 3-5.5 mm long, glabrous, margins entire, apex rounded or truncate, sometimes emarginate, petioles 0.7-1 .0 mm long; stipules p 0.7-1 .0 mm long, ventral mostly united into an entire or slightly bifid scale, dorsal ! mostly distinct, subulate, entire; cyathia solitary at distal nodes; involucres turbin- f ate-campanulate to hemispheric, 1.3-1. 4 mm in diameter, 1-1.8 mm long, gla- P~ brous outside; glands 4, subsessile, 0.3-0. 7 mm long, transversely elliptic to sub- i orbicular; appendages semilunate to bib-shaped, narrower than gland is long, margins mostly entire; staminate flowers 20-36 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, 0.3-0. 4 mm long, bifid half or more of length; capsules ovoid, 1 .2-1.6 mm long, 1.5-1. 7 mm broad, strongly and subacutely 3-lobed, glabrous; seeds oblong- quadrangular, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.7-0. 8 mm thick, with 2-4 high rounded ridges pass¬ ing slightly through the sharp angles, rounded or truncate at the base. 27. Chamaesyce vermiculata (Rafinesque) House Prostrate to suberect an¬ nual; stems few to several from the base, 10-40 cm long, sparsely pilose; leaves opposite, ovate to lanceolate, 5-18 mm long, upper surface mostly gla¬ brous, lower surface pilose especially towards the base, margins serrulate, petioles about 1 mm long; stipules 0. 5-1.0 mm long, distinct or united, margins fimbriate to ciliate or divided into linear segments; cyathia solitary at nodes or terminal on branches; involucres obconic to subcampanulate, ca 1 mm long, 0. 7-1.0 mm broad; glands 4, elliptical to subcircular, stalked, 0. 2-0.3 mm long; appendages white, ca 0.5 mm long, entire or somewhat lobed or toothed; sta¬ minate flowers 5-15 per cyathium; styles of pistillate flowers 3, bifid halfway or more to the base, about 0.5 mm long; capsules broadly ovoid, glabrous, 1 .6-1.9 mm long; seeds quad¬ rangular 1-1.4 mm long, ca 1 mm thick, ovoid, sur¬ faces smooth or slightly wrinkled, grayish-brown to pale gray. / ( Continued on page 13, Chamaesyce) Page 13 ( Chamaesyce , continued from page 12) References Allred, Kelly. 2006. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Range Science Herbarium, Department of Animal and Range Sci¬ ences, New Mexico State University. Baldwin, Bruce G., Steve Boyd, Barbara J. Ertter, Robert W. Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti, and Dieter H. Wilken. 2002. The Jepson Desert Man¬ ual, Vascular Plants of Southeastern California. University of California Press. Burch, Derek. 1966. The Application of the Linnaean Names of Some New World Species o f Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce. Rhodora 68: 155-166. Cornell, Donovan S., and Marshall C. Johnston. 1996. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. The University of Texas at Dallas. Cronquist, Arthur, Noel H. Holmgren, and Patricia K. Holmgren. 1 997. Intermountain Flora, Vol. 3, Part A. The New York Botanical Garden. Hickman, James C., editor. 1 993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, pp 567 - 579. University of California Press. Johnston, Marshall C. 1975. Studies of the Euphorbia species of the Chihuahuan Desert Region and Adjacent Areas. Wrightia 5(5): 121-143. Jones, Stanley D., Joseph K Wipff, and Paul M. Montgomery. 1997. Vascular Plants of Texas, A Comprehensive Checklist including Synonomy, Bibliography and Index. University of Texas Press. Kearney, Thomas H., Robert H. Peebles, and collaborators, 1960. Arizona Flora. University of California Press. Martin, W.C. and C.R. Hutchins. 1980,1981. A Flora of New Mexico, Vols. 1 & 2. Vaduz West Germany, J. Cramer. McGregor, Ronald L., T.M. Barkley, Ralph E. Brooks, and Eileen K. Schofield. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. University Press of Kansas. Shreve, Forrest, and Ira L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert, Vols. 1 & 2. Stanford University Press. Steinman, Victor W. and Richard S. Felger. 1997. The Euphorbiaceae of Sonora, Mexico. Aliso 16(1): 1-71. Webster, Grady L. 1994. Synopsis of the genera and suprageneric taxa of Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 33-144. Wheeler, L.C. 1941. Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce in Canada and the United States exclusive of Southern Florida. Rhodora 43: 97-154, 1 68— 205, 223 - 286. Representative Specimens Chamaesyce abramsiana: Luna Co.: Columbus, J. Travis 1 875.5 (NMCR). Chamaesyce acuta: Eddy Co.: Worthington. R. 27548 (UTEP). Lincoln Co.: Hut¬ chins, R. 8693 (UNM). Otero Co.: Worthington, R 33825 (UTEP). Sierra Co.: Beals s.n. (US'). Socorro Co.: Sivinski. R.C. 4589 (UNM). Chamaesyce albomargi- nata: Bernalillo Co.: Dittmer, H.J. 7073 (UNM). Catron Co : Lambert. S. 979 (UTEP). Chaves Co.: Castetter 7065 (UNML Cibola Co.: McCallum. Arch 1094 (UNM). DeBaca Co.: Clark, Ora M. 15223 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: Worthington, R. 13638 (UTEP). Eddy Co.: Worthington, R. 30413 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Wor¬ thington, R 27170 (UTEP). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 32514 (UTEP). Lincoln Co.: Hutchins, R. 3382 (UNM). Luna Co.: Worthington, R. 24569 (UTEP). McKinley Co.: Camazine, Scott 038 (UNM). Otero Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 8392 (NMCR). Quay Co.: Cully, Anne 1 168 (UNM). Roosevelt Co.: Tierney, Gail 89A (ENMU). Sandoval Co.: Robertson, C. 61 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Allred. Kelly W. 6274 (NMCR). Sierra Co.: Martin. William C. 4820 (UNM1. Socorro Co.: Martin, William C. 3207 (UNM). Chamaesyce arizonica: Dona Ana Co.: Worthington, R. 20769 (UTEP). Luna Co.: Jercinovic 715 (NMC). Chamaesyce capitel- lata : Grant Co.: (SNM). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 26356 (UTEP). Luna Co.: Worthington, R. 26528 (UTEP). Chamaesyce carunculata: Chaves Co : Allred. Kelly W. 9433 (NMCR). Chamaesyce dioica : Dona Ana Co.: Worthington, R. 6506 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Zimmerman, Dale A. 4587 (SNM). Hidalgo Co.: Wor¬ thington, R. 32887 (UTEP). Luna Co.: Worthington, R. 19961 (UTEP). Sierra Co.: Wagner, W.L. 455 (UNM). Chamaesyce fendleri var. fendleri: Bernalillo Co.: Roeder, Carol s.n. (UNM). Chaves Co.: Worthington, R. 16539 (UTEP). Cibola Co.: McCallum. Arch 1328 (UNM). Colfax Co.: Jones. Craig B. 97 (UNM). DeBaca Co.: Hutchins, R. 8275 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: VonLoh, J. 53 (UNM). Eddy Co.: Powell & Van Pelt s.n Los Medanos voucher 1491 (UNM). Grant Co.: Fletcher, R. 741 5 (UNM). Harding Co.: Spellenberg, R. & R. Fletcher 5343 (UNM) Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 20652 (UTEP). Lea Co.: Martin, Marley, Pow¬ ell & Knight 1465 (UNM). Lincoln Co.: Sivinski, R.C. 4577 (UNM). Los Alamos Co.: Tiemey, G. & T. Foxx 4 (UNM). Luna Co : Worthington, R. 3427 (UTEP). McKinley Co : McCallum, Arch 1070 (UNM). Otero Co.: Fletcher, R. & W. Haggren 548 (UNM). Quay Co.: Castetter 7075 (UNM). Roosevelt Co.: Bleakly, D. & DeBruin 36a (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Sivinski, R.C. and P.C. Tonne 4860 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Castetter 7074 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Fletcher, R. 6792 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: McKinley J.W. 53 (UNM). Sierra Co.: Fink. Ralph W. 864 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Mygatt. J. & T Maddux 201 5 (UNM). Torrance Co.: Sivinski, R.C. & Jercinovic 5696 (UNM). Valencia Co.: Riffle, Nancy 1 546 (UNM). Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx : Bernalillo Co.: Castetter 7071 (UNM). Catron Co.: Wooton, E.O. 2880 (UNM). Chaves Co.: Manthey, T. & W.L. Wagner 965 (UNM). Cibloa Co.: Riffle W.L. 314b (UNM). Eddy Co.: Knight, P. 2406 (UNM). Guadalupe Co.: Castetter 7064 (UNM). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 27325 (UTEP). Lincoln Co.: Hutchins R 8684 (UNM). Luna Co.: Jerci¬ novic 714 (UNM). McKinley Co.: Wagner, W.L. 2654 (UNM). Otero Co.: Hutchins, R. 3589 (UNM). Rio Arriba Co.: Toll, Clary, & Mongold 15 (UNM). Sandoval Co.: Wagner, W.L. 2063 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Marley, G.A. 1707 (UNM). Santa Fe Co.: Reif, Brian 5864 (UNM). Sierra Co.: Metcalfe, O.B. 1488 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Manthey 427 (UNM). Valencia Co.: Fletcher. R. & T. Manthey 7 (UNM). Chamaesyce geyeri: Chaves Co.: Allred. Kelly W. 9434 (NMCR). Roosevelt Co.: Bleakly, D. & DeBruin 279 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Worthington. R. 14751 (UTEP). Chamaesyce glyptosperma: Bernalillo Co.: Dunbar, Terry 320 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 6334 (NMCR). Eddy Co.: Van Pelt s.n. (UNM). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington. R. 9086 fUTF.P). Lea Co.: Martin. Powell, Marley, & Knight s.n. (UNM). Luna Co.: Worthington 15022 (UTEP). McKinley Co.: Wagner, W.L. 2612 (UNM). Rio Arriba Co.: Heil, K. & W. Mietty 15482 (SJNM). San Juan Co.: Wagner, W.L. 2380 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Rose & Fitch 17620 (NY). Santa Fe Co.: Peterson, R.S. 132 (NMCR) Socorro Co.: Jercinovic 717 (UNM). Sierra Co.: Fink, Ralph W. 660 (NMCR). Chamaesyce hirta: Hidalgo Co : Allred, Kelly W. 4275 (NMC'R) Chamaesyce hyssopifolia: Catron Co.: Sivinski, R.C. & P.C. Tonne 5111 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: Worthington, R. 6601 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Zimmerman, D A. 5003 (SNM). Hidalgo Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 4276 (NMCR). Luna Co.: Worthington. R. 19956 (UTEP). Otero Co.: Hutchins. R. 13137 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Fleetwood s.n. (UNML Sierra Co.: Worthington 27797 (UTEP). Chamaesyce lata: Chaves Co.: Clark. Ora 8893 (UNM). DeBaca Co.: Hutchins. R. 8276 (UNMJ. Dona Ana Co.: Castetter 2327 (UNM). Eddy Cor Worthington 27552 (UTEP). Lea Co.: Kennemore 2282 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: Hutchins, R. 1815 (UNM). Otero Co.: Worthington 33754 (UTEP). Quay Co.: Lowrey, T.K. & P.C. Tonne 1799 (UNM). Roosevelt Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 9397 (NMCR). San Miguel Co.: Ivey, R.D. s.n. (UNM). Sierra Co.: Fink, Ralph W. 792 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Foster, M. 173 (UNM). Torrance Co : Forbes 285 (NMCR). Valencia Co.: Castetter 2325 (UNM). Chamaesyce macu- lata: Bernalillo Co. Jercinovic 724 (UNM). Dona Ana Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 8175 (NMCR). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington 27005 (UTEP). Chamaesyce micromera: Dona Ana Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 8470 (NMCR). Grant Co.: Worthington. R. 27164 (UTEP). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 1 1530 (UTEP). Lincoln Co : Forbes, Adam C. 1 05 (NMCR). Luna Co.: Jercinovic 616 (UNM). Otero Co.: Worthington, R. 30232 (UTEP). Socorro Co.: Worthington. R. 14750 fUTF.Pt. Chamaesyce missurica: Chaves Co.: Earle, F.S. & E.S. 279 (NY). Eddy Co.: Martin, Powell, Knight, Marley s.n., Los Medanos Voucher 30 (UNM). Lea Co.: Standley, Paul 40362 (US). Quay Co.: Castetter 7062 (UNM). Roosevelt Co.: Bleakly, D. & DeBruin 436 (UNM). San Juan Co.: Anderson 4340 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 7907 (NMCR). Union Co.: Clark. Ora M. 16176 (UNM). Chamaesyce nutans: Hidalgo Co.: Allred. Kelly W. 6007 fNMCRT Chamaesyce parryi: Bernalillo Co.: Dittmer, H.J. 168 (UNM). Catron Co.: Fletcher, R. 1464 (UNM). Chaves Co.: Heil, K. 1 1237 (SJNM). Dona Ana Co : Fletcher, R 5681 (UNM). Eddy Co.: Heil. K. 1 1 255 (SJNM). Grant Co.: Columbus, J. Travis 1 850 (NMCR). Otero Co : Worthington. R. 33843 (UTEP). Rio Arriba Co.: Heil, K. & Wayne Mietty 1 5502 (SJNM). Roosevelt Co.: Martin, James S. 798 (ENMU). Sandoval Co.: Clark, Ora M. 14047 (UNM). San Juan Co.: McCallum. Arch 1332 (UNM). ( Continued on page 14, Chamaesyce) \i Ai r H . ) fl Page 14 (Chamaesyce. continued from page 13) Socorro Co Hutchins, R. 8483 (UNM). Valencia Co : Clark, Ora M 10339 (UNM). Chamaesyce prostrata: Bernalillo Co Sivinski, R C. 5151 (UNM). Dona Ana Co : Allred. Kelly W. 8391 (NMCR). Eddy Co.: Worthington, R. 32845 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Huff. C.A. 1 814 (SNM). Guadalupe Co.: Bleakley, D.L. 4210 (UNM). Luna Co.: Worthington 12444 (UTEP). Roosevelt Co.: Sanchez. Dorothy 39 (ENMU). San Juan Co.: Heil, K. 15768 (SJNM). Socorro Co : Durkin, P. & M P. Bradley 94PD092/F3 (UNM). Chamaesyce revoluta : Bernalillo Co.: Gordon, S. & K. Norris 28 (UNM). Catron Co Fletcher, R. 1577 (UNM). Cibola Co.: McCallum, Arch 1365 (UNM). Doha Ana Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 9487 (NMCR). Grant Co.: Worthington, R. 7664 (UTEP) Hidalgo Co : Allred, Kelly W. 9020 (NMCR) Lincoln Co : Hutchins, R. 3736 (UNM). Luna Co.: Worthington, R. 25827 (UTEP). Sandoval Co.: Tonne, P C. s.n. (UNM). Santa Fe Co : Peterson, R.S. 185 (NMCR). Sierra Co.: Fink, Ralph W. 871 (UNM) Socorro Co.: Manthey 517 (UNM). Torrance Co.: Sivinski, R.C., Jercinovic 5660 (UNM). Valencia Co : Marley, G.A 941 (UNM)._Chamaesyce serpens : Chaves Co.: Earle, F.S. & E.S. 308 (US). Doha Ana Co.: Wooton, E.O. s n (US). Eddy Co : Tracy. S.M 8170 (US). Grant Co.: Worthington. R. 7673 (UTEP). Santa Fe Co.: Wagner. W.L. 2788 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Jercinovic 718 (UNM). Torrance Co.: Forbes. Adam C. 1 75 (NMCR). Valencia Co.: Rusbv. H.H. 378 Vi (M). Chamaesyce serpyllifolia: Bernalillo Co.: Barlow- Irick. P. 93-106 (UNM) Catron Co.: Johnson, Susannah B. 598 (NMCR). Chaves Co.: Earle, F.S. 273 (NY). Cibola Co.: McCallum, Arch 1216 (UNM). Colfax Co Walter, Dick & Verda 8206 (SJNM). Doha Ana Co : Allred, Kelly W 6469 (NMCR) Eddy Co.: Worthington, R. 30202 (UTEP). Grant Co : Allred, Kelly W. 8374 (NMCR). Hidalgo Co : Allred, Kelly W. 8560 (NMCR). Lincoln Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 9484 (NMCR). Los Alamos Co.: Foxx & Tierney 569 (UNM). Luna Co : Columbus, J. Travis 1 822 (NMCR) McKinley Co.: McCallum, Arch 1277 (UNM). Otero Co.: Sax, D.F. 1 18 (UNM). Rio Arriba Co : Heil. K. 15830 (SJNM). SandovaLCo : Hartman, R.L. 73792 (UTEP) San Juan Co.: Spellenberg, R , D.G.Ward & L. Collyer 6125 (UNM). San Miguel Co.: Gordon, S. & K. Norris 507 (UNM) Santa Fe Co.: Peterson, R.S. 135 (NMCR). Sierra Co : Roalson, EH 169 (NMCR). Socorro Co.: Maddux, Troy & Sam Loftin 186b (UNM). Taos Co : Martin, W.C. 6026 (UNM). Torrance Co.: Sivinski, R.C. & Jercinovic 5665 (UNM). Union Co.: Chauvin, Y. & A. Browder 02CV004-F1 8 (UNM). Valencia Co.: Osborn, Neal 845 (UNM) Chamaesyce serrula: Bernalillo Co.: Roeder, Carol s.n. (UNM). Chaves Co.: Earle, F.S. & E.S. 285 (US). Doha Ana Co. Allred, Kelly W. 7292 (NMCR). Eddy Co.: Mygatt, J. 5 (UNM). Grant Co.: Worthington 27165 (UTEP). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington 27136 (UTEP). Lincoln Co Hutchins, R 243 1 (UNM) Luna Co : Columbus, J. Travis 469 (NMCR). Otero Co.: Worthington, R. 30243 (UTEP). San Juan Co.: Standlev. P C. 7053 (US). Santa Fe Co : Peterson, R.S. 199 (NMCR) Sierra Co.: Fletcher, R , B. Crowder, K. Clary 6629 (UNM). Socorro Co.: Fletcher, R. 2413A (UNM). Chamaesyce setihoba: Bernalillo Co Castetter 7087 (UNM). Doha Ana Co.: Worthington, R. 17227 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Greene, E.L. 265 (M). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington, R. 15146 (UTEP). Lincoln Co.: Hutchins. R. 3445 (UNM). Luna Co.: Jercinovic 615 (UNM). Otero Co.: Worthington 33910 (UTEP). Santa Fe Co.: Kennedy. Amanda 01AK003-F10 (UNM). Socorro Co : Loftin . Sam & Troy Maddux 236 (UNM). Taos Co.: Castetter 7078 (UNM). Chamaesyce strictospora: Bernalillo Co.: Roeder, Carol s.n. (UNM). Catron Co.: Eggleston 20424 (G). Chaves Co.: Carter, Gail GC26 (ENMU). Doha Ana Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 6496 (NMCR). Eddy Co : Worthington, R 32864 (UTEP). Grant Co.: Jercinovic 530 (SNM). Hidalgo Co.: Worthington. R. 27151 (UTEP). LeaCo.: Martin, W.C. , Powell, Mar- ley, Knight s.n (UNM) Lincoln Co.: Hutchins, R. 3445 (UNM). Luna Co.: Worthington, R. 14648 (UTEP). Otero Co.: Allred, Kelly W. 9516 (NMCR). Sandoval Who’s In A Name? White tidy-tips (white layia) Layia glandulosa (Hooker) Hooker & Arnott (Asteraceae) Larry Blakely (from http://www.csupomona.edu/~larryblakely/whoname/, used with permis¬ sion] The 1 820s and 1 830s saw several plant explorers come to Cali¬ fornia seeking plants as yet unknown to science; among the more fa¬ mous were Johann Eschscholtz, David Douglas, and Thomas Nuttall. Very few collectors had come before, so it was nearly virgin territory. Most collections were "worked up" by botanists back home, such as Sir William Hooker(/), Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow and, later ( 1 842), Director of Kew Gardens near London. The Eastern Sierra hosts many plants bearing the names of those early 19th century collectors and/or back-home botanists. For exam¬ ple, there are nearly 150 associated with Hooker (2). One lesser-known collector of the 1820s was George Tradescant Lay, naturalist on the English sailing ship Blossom, under the com¬ mand of Captain Frederick Beechey (3, 4, 5). The Blossom left Eng¬ land in 1 825, returning in 1 828, on a voyage of exploration, and also to support another English party which was searching for the fabled Northwest Passage. For over two years the crew criss-crossed the now violently stormy, now aggravatingly placid. Pacific Ocean, at times tracing the paths of the ships of exploration commanded by Captains Vancouver and Cook some 35 to 60 years previously (those ships also carried famous botanical explorers) ( 6 , 7). The Blossom also followed part of the path of the Bounty, whose crew so infa¬ mously mutinied in 1789 against that strict disciplinarian, Captain Bligh (8). Lay, and others on the Blossom, collected extensively on South Pacific islands, Hawaii, Kamchatka, Alaska, California (gathering 1 75 plant species there (9)), China, Mexico, and South America. A famous flora by Hooker, "The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage", appeared in the years after the Blossom's return (J). Hooker proposed the genus name Layia in honor of Lay, whom he credited as one of the discoverers of a plant now called Layia gatl- lardioides. (In a rare lapse, he also gave the genus name Layia to a legume Lay collected in China, an error later corrected (9a)). The Eastern Sierra Layia, L. glandulosa, was first collected by the great Scottish plant explorer David Douglas while on the "plains of the Co¬ lumbia" (10), at about the time the Blossom was visiting California; it was named by Hooker in the "California Supplement" to his work on the Beechey materials. Currently, there are 14 species of Layia, ac¬ cording to the USDA Plants Database (11). All early 19th century plant collectors who visited California, like most long distance travellers of the time, experienced the dangers and privations of the sea, something most of us can only appreciate vicariously, through books or movies. Richard Henry Dana's "Two Years Before the Mast" brilliantly describes a long voyage, from Bos¬ ton around 'the Horn' to California and back in the mid 1830s; he also tells of the amazing chance encounter with his old Harvard professor, Thomas Nuttall, at San Diego (12). The 1935 movie "Mutiny on the Bounty", based on the historical novel (8), graphically portrays life at sea in those times. It was fortunate for Lay and others on the Blossom that, although they faced the perils meted out by Nature to all seamen in the frail ships of the time, the gentlemanly Capt. Beechey was no grumpy Capt. Bligh! His delightful journal of the voyage of the Blossom is a joy to read (4). He discusses the "natural productions" (plants, mainly) found at each of their many stops, and the different kinds of people encountered - South Sea Islanders, Bounty mutiny descen¬ dants (and a sole survivor) on Pitcairn Island (13), Eskimos, and mis¬ sion Padres in California, among others. Little is known of the life of Lay (bom ?, died 1841). His middle name is the surname of the John Tradescants, father and son (1570- 1638, 1608-1662), famous plantsmen of their age - royal gardeners, ( Continued on page 15. Lay) (Lay, continued from page 14) horticulturists and plant explorers (14). Based on Lay's middle name, it's plausible to suppose that his family was involved in some way with botany, but nothing appears to be known now of his life before he joined the crew of the Blossom. A few years after the return of the Blossom, Lay was back in China, not as a naturalist but as a mission¬ ary, sent out by the British and Foreign Bible Society. Shortly before his death he published a book entitled "The Chinese as They Are: Their Moral, Social and Literary Character" (15). Next time you run across white tidy-tips in bloom, with their dainty flower heads that often appear to have a tooth missing, maybe you'll be reminded of those bygone days of exploratory sailing ves¬ sels, when botanical discovery was a predominant scientific passion. And anytime would be a good time to view the 1935 version of "Mutiny on the Bounty" with Charles Laughton as Bligh and Clark Gable as mutiny instigator Christian; Henry Stephenson appears as the famous 1 8th century English botanist Sir Joseph Banks (6), who was largely responsible for sending the Bounty to Tahiti. It's not often that you see a famous botanist portrayed in a major movie (he also figured prominently in the historical novel on which the movie was based, but he was not included in the two later cinematic versions of the Bounty saga). REFERENCES and NOTES 1 . Copied from an illustration in Davies, J. 1 980. Douglas of the Forests. Har- ris, Edinburgh; attributed to the Linnean Society. 2. According to a search of the CalFlora database. 3. McKelvey, Susan Delano. 1956. Botanical Exploration of the Trans- Mississippi West 1790-1850. 1991 Reprint, Oregon State Univ. Press, Cor¬ vallis. pp. 1031-1038. 4. Beechey, Frederick W. 1831 (1968, reprint). Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Beering's Strait to co-operate with the Polar Expeditions: per¬ formed in His Majesty's Ship Blossom. London (reprint - N. Israel, Am¬ sterdam) 5. Hooker, W. J., and Arnott, B. A. Walker. 1 830-1 841 ; repnnt 1 965. The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage. Reprint: J. Cramer, Weinheim. 6. Cook's botanist in 1768 was Joseph Banks (already, at 26 years of age, Fellow of the Royal Society, and later Sir Joseph), who, through an inheri¬ tance at age 21, was one of the wealthiest men in England. Banks devoted his life to science, most particulary botany. Kew Gardens grew to become a world center of botany under his influence, along with that of his friend King George 111. Banks' journal of the voyage with Cook on the Endeav¬ our, 1768-1771, is wonderfully presented at a website from the State Li¬ brary of New South Wales. A brief biography from the same site is here: http://www.slnsw.gov.au/Banks/intro/biognote.htm. For more on Banks, see: Watkins, T. H. 1996. Sir Joseph Banks. National Geographic. 190 (5):28-53 7. Vancouver's botanist, Archibald Menzies, collected in California in the 1790s. 8. Nordhoff, Charles, and Hall, James Norman. 1932. Mutiny on the Bounty. Little, Brown 7 co., Boston. An historical novel. 9. Brewer, William. H. 1880. List of Persons who have made Botanical Col¬ lections in California. Appendix IV to Watson, Sereno. 1880. Botany of California, Vol. II. (Geol. Surv. of Calif.) Little, Brown and Co., Boston. 9a. See: Hooker and Arnott (5), p. 1 83; Coville, F. V 1 893. Botany of the Death Valley Expedition. GPO., p. 1 33.; and Index Nominum Generi- corum. 10. Cronquist, Arthur, et al. 1994. Intermountain Flora. Vol. 5. New York Botanical Garden, p. 686 1 1 . http://plants.usda.gov/ 12. Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. 1840. Two Years Before the Mast; A Personal Narrative of Life at Sea. Various publishers. On-line e-text at: ftp:// ftp.cdrom.com/pub/gutenberg/etext00/2yb4ml O.txt. Of particular interest for the history of western US botany, Dana, in an ex¬ traordinary coincidence, happened upon Thomas Nuttall at San Diego in 1836. Dana's ship was preparing to return to Boston, and Nuttall was to be a passenger on it. Dana first saw Nuttall on the beach, collecting shells. What was amazing was that Dana had known Nuttall at Harvard, as a professor just a couple of years previously and had no idea that Nuttall had left the place. Dana wrote: This passenger-the first and only one we had had, except to go from port to port, on the coast, was no one else than a gentleman whom I had known in my better days; and the last person 1 should have expected to have seen on the coast of Califomia-Professor N - , of Cambridge. 1 had left him quietly seated in the chair of Botany and Ornithology, in Harvard University; and the next I saw of him, was strolling about San Diego beach, in a sailor's pea- jacket, with a wide straw hat, and barefooted, with his trowsers roiled up to his knees, picking up stones and shells. He had travelled overland to the North-west Coast, and come down in a small vessel to Monterey. There he learned that there was a ship at the leeward, about to sail for Boston; and, tak¬ ing passage in the Pilgrim, which was then at Monterey, he came slowly down, visiting the intermediate ports, and examining the trees, plants, earths, birds, etc., and joined us at San Diego shortly before we sailed. The second mate of the Pilgrim told me that they had an old gentleman on board who knew me, and came from the college that 1 had been in He could not recollect his name, but said he was a "sort of an oldish man," with white hair, and spent all his time in the bush, and along the beach, pick¬ ing up flowers and shells, and such truck, and had a dozen boxes and barrels, full of them. I thought over everybody who would be likely to be there, but could fix upon no one; when, the next day, just as we were about to shove off from the beach, he came down to the boat, in the rig I have described, with his shoes in his hand, and his pockets full of specimens. I knew him at once, though I should not have been more surprised to have seen the Old South steeple shoot up from the hide-house. He probably had no less difficulty in recognizing me. As we left home about the same time, we had nothing to tell one another; and, owing to our different situations on board, 1 saw but little of him on the passage home. Sometimes, when 1 was at the wheel of a calm night, and the steering required no attention, and the officer of the watch was forward, he would come aft and hold a short yam with me; but this was against the rules of the ship, as is, in fact, all intercourse between passengers and the crew. 1 was often amused to see the sailors puzzled to know what to make of him, and to hear their conjectures about him and his business. They were as much puzzled as our old sailmaker was with the captain's instruments in the cabin. He said there were three:— the chro-nometer, the chre-nometer, and the the- nometer. (Chronometer, barometer, and thermometer.) The Pilgrim's crew christened Mr. N. "Old Curious," from his zeal for curiosities, and some of them said that he was crazy, and that his friends let him go about and amuse himself in this way. Why else a rich man (sailors call every man rich who does not work with his hands, and wears a long coat and cravat) should leave a Christian country, and come to such a place as California, to pick up shells and stones, they could not understand. One of them, however, an old salt, who had seen something more of the world ashore, set all to rights, as he thought, - "Oh, 'vast there!— You don't know anything about them craft. I've seen them colleges, and know the ropes. They keep all such things for cur'osities, and study 'em, and have men a' purpose to go and get 'em. This old chap knows what he's about. He a'n't the child you take him for. He’ll carry all these things to the college, and if they are better than any that they have had before, he'll be head of the college. Then, by-and-by, somebody else will go after some more, and if they beat him, he'll have to go again, or else give up his berth. That's the way they do it. This old covey knows the ropes. He has worked a traverse over 'em, and come 'way out here, where nobody's ever been afore, and where they'll never think of coming." This explanation satisfied Jack; and as it raised Mr. N.'s credit for capacity, and was near enough to the truth for common purposes, I did not disturb it. 13. History and current conditions on Pitcairn Island may be found here: http://www.lareau.org/pitc.html 14. A website with information on the Tradescants: The Museum of Garden History. 15. CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ARCHIVE Section I: East Asia Missions Part 10: China Mission, 1 834-1914 30 reels of 35mm silver- halide positive microfilm REEL 222 C CH O 57 Original Papers Letters and Papers of Missionaries George Tradescant I_ay 1837-1838; On-line: http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/COLLECT/P055.HTM A Chronology of the Bonin Islands Sebastian DOBSON (Old Japan, Lon¬ don) 1837. London. George Tradescant Lay, who had originally accompanied Beechey on HMS Blossom as a naturalist, and has since worked in China as an agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society, publishes an open letter to 'the British Public' dated 27 November 1836 in which he urges that the occu¬ pation of the Bonin Islands 'would give the English nation such a respectabil¬ ity in the eyes of all around', and fulsomely concludes that 'this spot might, (Continued on page 3, Index) I Page 16 Publication and Subscription Information "The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: (Index, continued from page 15) under the blessing of the Almighty, be the focus from whence the influences of religion, science, and the sen¬ timents of political freedom, would emanate in an ever- flowing tide. '[15] [15] G. Tradescant Lay: Trade with China. A Letter Addressed to the British Public on some of the Advantages that would Result from an Oc¬ cupation of the Bonin Islands. London: Royston & Brown, 1837. On-line: http://nihongo.human.metro- u. ac.jp/bonins/03dobson.htm Selections on Microfilm from the Yale Day Missions Collection Subject Headings CHINA— SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS. Lay, G. Tradescant (George Trades¬ cant) The Chinese as they are : their moral and social character, manners, customs, language : with remarks on their arts and sciences, medical skill, the extent of missionary enterprise, etc. Albany : George Jones ; New York : Burgess and Stringer, 1 843. iv, 1 1 6 p. 0101 On-line: http://www.atla.com/products/preservation/ yaleday.html CD Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MS C Box 3-1' New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/ welcome.html?t=rsh Kelly Allred Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). - Rob Strahan IP 0. Box 522, Mesilla, NM 88046] Loeflingia squarrosa Nuttall (Caryophyllaceae, spreading pygmy leaf): Roosevelt County: Weaver Ranch, approximately 14 miles east of Milnesand and 5 miles north of hwy 262, around residence “Desert Rose” 1 mile northeast of headquarters, N33°43.714 W103°6.936, weedy disturbed yard, 4022 ft, Charles Dixon s.n. (NMCR). [an additional collection of this species first reported for NM in 2006 by Yvonne Chauvin] Helenium ainanim (Rafinesque) H. Rock var. badium (Gray ex S. Watson) Waterfall (Asteraceae, yellowdicks): Roosevelt County: Milnesand Prairie Preserve, Kyle’s Pasture, about 1/4 miles west of house along ranch road to Howard Pasture, N33° 41 .41 8 W103°25.125, shortgrass prairie, 4303 ft, 14 May 2007. R. Strahan 1080 (NMCR). [first report for NM] Lechea mucronata Rafinesque (Cistaceae, hairy pinweed): Roosevelt County: Milnesand Prairie Preserve, west side and middle of Jodi Pasture, about 30 yards from road and fenceline, N33°42.382 W103°24.514, sandy soil in shinoak -little bluestem community, 4277 ft, 8 Aug 2007, R. Strahan 1312 (NMCR). [first report for NM] Lepidium sordidum A. Gray (Brassicaceae, sordid pepperweed): Roosevelt County: Milnesand Prairie Preserve, easternmost gate to North Pasture from Eagle Nest Pasture, about 1/4 mile west of hwy 206 under east-west powerline, N33°43.812 W103° 21.298, 4255 ft, 14 April 2007. R. Strahan 1040 (NMCR). [first report for NM] w Cooperative Extension Service w U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University *7 tic Ticxv TKexico Las Cruces, NM 88003 LuESTHER t mertz LIBRARY GUI t o 2007 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126. U.S.A - — New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating, c w J - — - 1 g | a r g w (fi m n ZbUT A Newsletter for the flora of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, New Mexico State University. In This Issue — • Chama Plants . • Plant Reports . • Ranunculus acris \/ V A Preliminary Catalog of the Vascular Plants of the Chama Land and Cattle Company — Frank Sims Ranch, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico Kenneth D. Heil San Juan College, Farmington, NM 87402 Steve L. O’Kane, Jr. Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, I A 50614-0421 Abstract. A preliminary checklist of the vascular flora of the Chama Land & Cattle Company and the adja¬ cent Frank Simms Ranch, Rio Arriba County is given. In total 80 families, 264 genera, 498 species, 1 hy¬ brid species, 3 subspecies, and 4 varieties are known to occur in these 36,000 acre ranches in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Introduction In Rio Arriba County, the Chama Land and Cattle Company (CLCC) is located east of Chama and extends east to the Carson National Forest, north to near Colorado and approximately five miles south to the Canones Box. The Simms Ranch is southeast and adjacent to CLCC. CLCC is owned by the Jicarilla Apache Indian Tribe and was purchased in June 1995 out of a bankruptcy proceeding. Frank Simms was retained by the Tribe to continue as general manager. The ranch consists of approximately 36,000 acres and contains the largest private elk heard in the world. Besides trophy elk hunting, other hunts include mule deer, bison, and wild turkey. Numerous lakes and streams provide excellent trout fishing. The Study Area The CLCC is located in the southern San Juan Mountains and is part of the watersheds of the Chama and Brazos Rivers (Figure 1). Together, CLCC and the Simms Ranch occupy approximately 36,000 acres.The highest point is Grouse Mesa 3475 m (11,403 ft.) and the lowest point is 2405 m (7900 ft.). Much of the study area was logged in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the larger creeks and streams include the East and West Forks of the Brazos River, Poso Creek, Canones Creek, and Willow Creek. There are numerous artificial lakes and ponds throughout the study area which include Hidden, No Tellum, North, Bobo, Sugar Loaf, Gary, and Poso Lakes. The two major land forms are Grouse Mesa, Sugar Loaf Moun¬ tain, and the large montain-subalpine park at the headwaters of the Brazos River. Plant Communities (Dick-Peddie 1993) Subalpine Coniferous Forest Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Abies bifolia var. arizonica (corkbark fir), Juniperus communis var. depressa (common juniper), Ribes montigenum (red prickly cur¬ rant), Mertensia lanceolata (prairie bluebells), Trifolium brandegeei (Brandegee’s clover), Erigeron coul- teri (Coulter’s fleabane), Vaccinium myrtillus (whortleberry), Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue), and Fes- tuca thurberi (Thurber’s fescue). Upper Montane Coniferous Forest Abies concolor (White fir), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Populus tremuloides (aspen), Salix scouleriana (Scouler’s willow), Festuca arizonica (Arizona fescue), Erigeron eximus (splendid daisy), Erigeron formosissimus (beautiful fleabane), and Arnica cordifolia (heartleaf arnica). Lower Montane Coniferous Forest Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Quercus gambelii (Gambel oak), Festuca arizonica (Arizona fescue), Muhlenbergia montana (mountain muhly), Wyethia arizonica ( Continued on page 2, Chama Plants) Jgotanice est ^cientio ^oturfllis quae ^cgctflbilium cognitiorem tradit. — +£t innaeus ■ .? i J 3 'A- Page 2 ■ | ( Chama Plants, continued from page 1) (Arizona mules-ears), Bahia dissecta (rag-leaf bahia), Heliomeris multiflora (showy golden-eye), Senecio eremophilus subsp. kingii (King’s rag¬ wort), and Solidago simplex (Mount Albert golden-rod). Montane Riparian Populus angustifolia (narrow leaf cottonwood), Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia (thin-leaf alder), Agrostis gigantea (giant creeping bent-grass), Agrostis scabra (rough bent-grass), Acer glabrum (Rocky Mountain maple), Cornus stolonifera (red osier dogwood), Salix bebbiana (Bebb willow), Salix planifolia (diamond-leaf willow), Carex microptera (small-wing sedge), Pedicularis groenlandica (pink elephant), Juncus mertensianus (Merten’s rush), and Equisetum arvense (common horse-tail). Aquatics Myriophyllum sibericum (short-spike watermilfoil), Sagittaria latifolia (broad-leaf arrowhead), Alisma trivale (water plantain), Ranunculus aquatilis (water buttercup), and Elodea bifoliata (two leaf waterweed). Methodology All habitat types, elevations, aspects, and geologies were inspected throughout the growing season, including lakes and ponds. Voucher speci¬ mens were made and the first duplicate deposited at San Juan College (SJNM). Second duplicates are at the University of Northern Iowa (ISTC). Additional duplicates, when available, will be distributed at a later date. Acknowledgements A very special thanks and Frank Simms and the CLCC. Appreciation is given to Pat Carpenter CLCC, and to the Jicarilla Tribe. Also thanks to those who helped in collecting: Dave Jamieson (Ft. Lewis College), Chick Keller (Los Alamos), Les Lundquist (San Juan College), and Wayne Mietty (Farmington). A special note of thanks is given to our wives, Marilyn Heil and Arlene Prather-0 ’Kane for their forbearance as botany widows. General References Allred, K. 1997. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 2nd ed. Agricultural Experiment Station. New Mexico State Univ. Allred, K. 2007. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Department of Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State Univ. Carter, J. L. 1997. Trees and Shrubs of New Mexico. Mimbres. Pub. Dick-Peddie, W. A. 1993. New Mexico vegetation, past, present, and future. Univ. of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. Heil, K. D. and S. L. O’Kane, Jr. 2005. Catalog of the Four Comers Flora. Vascular plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Ninth Edition. Department of Math and Science, San Juan College. Ivey, R. DeWitt. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico, 4th ed. R.D. & I. Ivey, pubs., Albuquerque, New Mexico Komarek, S. 1994. Flora of the San Juans. A Field Guide to the Mountain Plants of Southwestern Colorado. Kivaki Press. Martin, W. C. and C. R. Hutchins. 1981. A Flora of New Mexico. Volumes I and II. J. Cramer. Weber, William A and Ronald C. Wittman. 2001. Colorado Flora: Western Slope 3rd Edition. Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder. The Catalog Selaginellaceae (Little-Clubmoss Family) Selaginella densa Rydb. Lesser spikmoss GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceae (Cedar Family) Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh Common juniper Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Abies bifolia A. Murray var. arizonica (Mirriam) O’Kane & K.D. Heil Cork-bark fir Abies concolor (Gord & Glend.) Hoopes White fir Picea engelmannii Parry Engelmann spruce Picea pungens Engelm. Colorado blue spruce Pinus ponderosa Laws. var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa pine Pinus strobiformis Engelm. White pine Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco var. glauca (Mayr) Franco Douglas-fir ANGIOSPERMS Aceraceae (Maple Family) Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain maple Acer negundo L. Box elder Adoxaceae (Adoxa Family) Adoxa moschatellina L. Moschatel Sambucus racemosa L. var. microbotrys (Rydb.) K. & P Red elderberry Agavaceae (Agave Family) Yucca baileyi Woot. & Standi Navajo yucca Isoldes bolanderi Engelm. Bolaner’s quillwort FERNS Aspleniaceae (Spleenwort Family) Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. Forked spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes L. Maidenhair spleenwort Dennstaedtiaceae (Bracken Family) Plendium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bracken Fern Dryopteridaceae (Shield-fern Family) Cystopleris fragilis (L.) Bemh. Brittle bladder-fern Cystopteris reevesiana Lellinger Reeves bladder-fern Dryopleris felix-mas (L.) Schott Male-fern Woodsia neomexicana Windham New Mexico cliff-fern Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton Oregon cliff-fern Polypodiaceae (Polypody Family) Polypodium hesperium Maxon Western polypody Pteridaceae (Lip-fern Family) Cheilanthes feei Moore Santa Fe lip-fem Cryptogramma acroslichoides R. Br. American rockbrake FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horse-tail Family) Equisetum arvense L. Field horsetail Equisetum hyemale L. Rough horsetail Isoetaceae (Quillwort Family) ( Continued on page 3, Chama Plants) ( Chama Plants, continued from page 2) Alismataceae (Water-plantain, Arrowhead Family) Alisma trivale Pursh Northern water-plantain Sagiltaria cuneata Sheld. Arum-leaf arrowhead Alliaceae (Onion Family) Allium cemuum Roth Nodding onion Allium geyeri S. Wats. var. geyeri Geyer’s onion Allium geyeri S. Wats. var. tenerum M. E. Jones Bubil onion Amaranthaceae (Amaranth Family) Amaranthus albus L. Prostrate pigweed Apiaceae (Parsley Family) Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose Rocky Mountain hemlock parsley Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn Alpine mountain-parsley Cymopterus longilobus (Rydb.) W.A. Weber Wavewing Heracleum lanatum Michaux Common cow-parsnip Osmorhiza depauperata Philippi Sweet cicely Oxypolis fendleri (A. Gray) Heller Fendler’s cowbane Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family) Apocynum androsaemifolium L. var. androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Araceae (Arum Family) Lemna minuta H. B. K. Least duckweed Araliaceae (Ginseng Family) Aralia racemosa L. subsp. bicrenata (Wooton & Standley) Welsh & Atwood American spikenard Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family) Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail Horse-tail milkweed Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) Achillea millefolium L Common yarrow Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene var. aurantiaca Burnt orange agoseris Agoseris glauca (Pursh) D. Dietr. var. glauca Pale agoseris Ambrosia acanlhicarpa Hook. Bur ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Perennial ragweed Ambrosia trifida L. Giant ragweed Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. Pearly everlasting Antennaria marginala Greene White-margin pussytoes Antennaria media Greene Rocky Mountain pussytoes Antennaria microphylla Rydb. Rosy pussytoes Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Common pussytoes Antennaria rosea subsp. rosea Rosy pussytoes Antennaria rosulala Rydb. Breaks pussytoes Arctium minus (Hill) Bemh. Lesser burdock Arnica chamissonis Lessing subsp. foliosa (Nutt.) Maguire Leafy arnica Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heartleaf arnica A mica latifolia Bong. Daffodil arnica Arnica mollis Hook. Hairy arnica Artemisia biennis Willd. Biennial wormwood Artemisia campestris L. var. borealis (Pall.) M. Peck Field wormwood Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth Carruth’s sagebrush Artemisia dracunculus L. Tarragon Artemisia frigida Willd Fringed sage Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt, subsp. ludoviciana Louisiana wormwood Artemisia nova A. Nels. Black sagebrush Bahia dissecta (A. Gray) Britt. Rag-leaf bahia Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. Tasselflower brickelbush Chrysothamnus depressus Nutt. Dwarf rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus vaseyi (Gray) Greene Vasey’s rabbitbrush Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle Cirsium parryi (A. Gray) Petrak Parry’s thistle Cirsium scopulorum (Greene) Cockerell Mountain thistle Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. var. tracyi (Rydb.) Welsh Tracy’s thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Bull thistle Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Canadian horseweed Dieteria bigelovii (A. Gray) Morgan & Hartman var. bigelovii Bigelows’ spiny aster Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird var. oreophila (A. Nels. ) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird Rubber rabbitbrush Erigeron coulleri Porter Coulter’s daisy Erigeron eximus Greene Splendid daisy Erigeron Jlagellaris A Gray Trailing fleabane Erigeron formosissimus Greene var .formosissimus Beautiful fleabane Erigeron glacialis (Nutt.) A. Nelson var. glacialis Subalpine fleabane Erigeron leiomerus A. Gray Glaber daisy Erigeron pinnatisectus (A. Gray) A Nels. Feather-leaf fleabane Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC. Pretty daisy Erigeron sp. Fleabane Erigeron subtrinervis Rydb. Three-nerve fleabane Eurybia glauca (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom Gray’s wood aster Gnaphalium exilifolium A. Nels. Slender cudweed Grindelia arizonica A. Gray Arizona gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal var. serrulata (Rydb.) Steyerm. Curlycup gumweed Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom snakeweed Helianthella parryi A. Gray Parry’s dwarf-sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Common sunflower Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Prairie sunflower Heliomeris multijlora Nutt. Showy golden eye Heterotheca pumila (Greene) Semple Alpine false-aster Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners Golden aster Hieracium triste Willd. ex Spreng. var. gracile (Hook.) A. Gray Woolly hawkweed Hymenoxys hoopesii (A. Gray) Biemer Orange sneezeweed Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell Colorado rubberweed Madia glome rata Hook. Tarweed Matricaria discoides DC. Disc mayweed Oreochrysum parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. Parry’s goldenrod Packera crocata (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. Love Saffron ragwort Packera dimorphophylla (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Love var. dimorphophylla Split-leaf groundsel Packera neomexicana (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & A. Love var. mutabilis (Greene) W. A Weber & A. Lbve New Mexico groundsel Packera pseudaurea (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. Love va i.JIavula (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Love Streambank ragwort Packera streptanthifolia (Greene) W. A. Weber & A. Love Rocky Mountain ragwort Pyrrocoma crocea (A. Gray) Greene Curly-head goldenhead Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standi. Mexican-hat Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. ampla (A. Nels.) Cronq. Cutleaf coneflower Senecio amplectens A. Gray var. amplectens Showy alpine ragwort Senecio amplectens A. Gray var. holmii (Greene) Harrington Holm’s ragwort Senecio atratus Greene Black-tipped ragwort Senecio bigelovii A. Gray Nodding ragwort Senecio crassulus A. Gray Thick-leaf ragwort Senecio eremophilus Richards, subsp. kingii (Rydb.) G. W. Douglas & Ruyle-Douglas King’s ragwort Senecio serra Hook. var. admirabilis (Greene) A. Nels. Tall ragwort Senecio triangularis Hook. Arrow-leaf ragwort Solidago lepida DC. Goldenrod Solidago simplex Kunth Mt. Albert goldenrod Solidago velutina DC. Three-nerve goldenrod Symphyotrichum ascendens (Lindl.) G. L. Nesom Western aster Symphyotrichum falcatum (Lindl.) G. L. Nesom var. commutatum (Ton. & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom Prairie aster Symphyotrichum foliaceum (Lindl. ex DC.) G. L. Nesom var. apricum (A. Gray) G. L. Ne¬ som Alpine aster Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Love & Love Geyer’s blue aster Symphyotrichum spathulatum (Lindl.) G. L. Nesom var. spathulatum Mountain aster Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex F. H. Wigg Common dandelion Townsendia leptotes (A. Gray) Osterh Common Townsend daisy Tragopogon dubius Scop. Yellow salsify Wyethia arizonica A. Gray Arizona mule-ears Xanthium strumarium L. Rough cocklebur Berberidaceae (Barberry Family) Berberis fendleri A. Gray Fendler’s barberry Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Holly-grape Betulaceae (Birch Family) Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thin-leaf alder Boraginaceae (Borage Family) Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Nanowleaf stoneseed Lithospermum multijlorum Ton. ex A. Gray Many flowered stoneseed Mertensia brevistyla S. Wats. Shortstyle bluebells Mertensia ciliata (James ex Ton.) G. Don Tall fringed bluebells Mertensia franciscana Heller Franciscan bluebells Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. var. lanceolata Prairie bluebells Plagiobothrys scouleri (H. & A.) Johnston Scouler’s popcorn-flower {Continued on page 4, Chama Plants) Jgotnng is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants — ^innaeus (Chama Plants, continued from page 3) Brassicaceae (Mustard Family) Alyssum simplex Rudolphi AJyssum Boechera fendlen (S. Watson) W.A. Weber Fendler’s rockcress Boechera sp. Rockcress Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz Drummond’s rockcress Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd’s purse Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray Heart-leaf bittercress Descurainia incisa (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Britton subsp .filipes (A. Gray) Rollins Western tansy mustard Descurainia incisa (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Britton subsp. incise Western tansy mustard Descvrainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl Tansy mustard Draba albertina Greene Slender draba Draba aurea M. Vahl ex Homem. Golden Whitlow-grass Draba helleriana Greene var. helleriana Heller Whitlow-grass Draba spectabilis Greene Showy Whitlow-grass Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene var. purshii (Durand) Rollins Pursh’s wallflower Lepidium draba L. Whitetop Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nelson Many-branched pepperweed Lepidium virginicum L. Virginia pepperweed Noccaea fendleri (A. Gray) Holub subsp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shehbaz & M. Koch Wild candytuft Rorippa alpina (S. Watson) Rydb. Alpine yellow-cress Rorippa palustns (L.) Besser var. palustris Bog yellow-cress Stanleya pinnala (Pursh) Britton var. pinnata Princes plume Thlaspi arvense L. Field pennycress Turritis glabra L. Tower rockcress Campanulaceae (Bellflower Family) Campanula parryi A. Gray Parry’s bellflower Campanula rolundifolia L. Bluebell bellflower Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family) Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks Four-line honeysuckle Symphoricarpos rolundifolius A. Gray Round-leaf snowberry Caryophyllaceae (Pink Family) Cerastium arvense L. subsp. strictum (L.) Ugborogho Field chickweed Ceraslium fontanum Baumg. Common chickweed Eremogone fendleri (A. Gray) Ikonnikov va r. fendleri Fendler’s sandwort Minuartia oblusiloba Rydb. Rydberg’s sandwort Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. Largeleaf sandwort Sagina saginoides (L.) Karst Arctic pearlwort Silene drummondii var. drummondii Drummond’s catchfly Silene menziesii Hook. Menzies’ campion Silene scouleri Hook. Simple campion Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Maidenstears Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & K. Presl Red sand-spurry Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michaux subsp. saxosum (A. Gray) Weber Spreading sandwort Stellaria crassifolia Ehrhart Fleshy starwort Slellaria longipes Goldie Long-stalk starwort Stellaria umbel lata Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir. Umbrella starwort Celastraceae (Stafftree Family) Pachystima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Mountain-lover Chenopodiaceae (Goosefoot Family) Chenopodtum album L. Lambsquarters Chenopodium atrovirens Rydb. Pinon goosefoot Chenopodtum capitatum (L.) Asch. var . parvicapitatum S. Welsh Smallhead chenopod Chenopodium foliosum Asch Leafy goosefoot Chenopodium fremontii vnr.fremontii S. Wats. Fremont’s goosefoot Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene Nuttall’s poverty weed Cornaceae (Dogwood Family) Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea Red-osier dogwood Crassulaceae (Stonecrop Family) Sedum lanceolatum Torr. subsp. lanceolatum Common stonecrop Sedum rhodanthum A. Gray Pink stonecrop Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. Roseroot Cyperaceae (Sedge Family) Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. var. aquatihs Water sedge Carex athroslachya Olney Slender-beak sedge Carex aurea Nutt. Golden sedge Carex canescens L Silvery sedge Carex disperma Dewey Soft-leaf sedge Carex geyeri F. Boott Geyer’s sedge Carex microptera Mackenz Small-wing sedge Carex nigricans Meyer Black alpine sedge Carex norvegica Retz Norway sedge. Carex occidentalis Bailey Western sedge Carex pellita Muhl. Ex Willd. Wooly sedge Carex praeceptorum Mackenz. Early sedge Carex praegracilis W. Boott Clustered field-sedge Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Pyrenean sedge Carex siccata Dewey Dry-spike sedge Carex utriculata F. Boott Northwest Territory sedge Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. Needle spikerush Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & Schults Common spikerush Eriophorum angustifolium Honckeny Tall cottongrass Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster Family) Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt. Russet buffalo-berry Elatinaceae (Waterwort Family) Elatine triandra Schkuhr Three-stamen waterwort Ericaceae (Heath Family) Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W. Bart Pipsissewa Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray Single-delight Orthilia secunda (L.) House Sidebells wintergreen Pyrola asarifolia Nutt. Liver-leaf wintergreen Pyrola chlorantha Swartz Green-flower wintergreen Pyrola minor L Snowline wintergreen Pyrola picta J. E. Smith White-veined wintergreen Vaccinium cespitosum Michaux Dwarf blueberry Vaccinium myrtillus L Whortleberry Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg ex Coville Grouseberry Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small Thyme-leaf spurge Fabaceae (Pea Family) Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) A. Gray var. haydenianus (A. Gray) Bameby Hayden’s milkvetch Astragalus lonchocarpus Torr. Rushy milkvetch Astragalus tenellus Pursh Loose-flower milkvetch Lathyrus lanszwertii Kellogg var. leucanthus (Rydb.) Dorn Nevada pea Lotus comiculatus L. Birds-foot trefoil Lotus wrightii (A. Gray) Greene Wright’s deervetch Medicago lupulina L. Black medic Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas Yellow sweet clover Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Sainfoin Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt, ex Richards, var. montana (Nutt.) Isley Golden banner Trifolium brandegei S. Wats. Brandegee’s cloverf Trifolium longipes Nutt. var. rejlexum A. Nels. Droopflower clover Trifolium longipes Nutt. var. rusbyi (Greene) Harrington Rusby’s droopflower clover Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt. Hollyleaf clover Trifolium pratense L. Red clover Trifolium repens L. White clover Vicia americana Muhl. var. americana American vetch Fumariaceae (Fumitory Family) Corydalis aurea Willd. Golden smoke Corydalis caseana A. Gray subsp. brandegei (S. Wats.) G. Ownbey Brandegee’s fumewort Gentianaceae (Gentian Family) Gentiana parryi Engelm. Parry’s gentian Gentianella amarella (L.) Bflmer subsp. acuta (Michx.) Gillett Autumn dwarf gentian Gentianopsis barbellata (Engelm.) litis Perennial fringed gentian Gentianopsis thermalis (Kuntze) litis Rocky Mountain fringed gentian Swerlia perennis L. Felwort Geraniaceae (Geranium Family) Geranium caespitosum James subsp. caespitosum Pineywoods geranium Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Traut. Richardson’s geranium Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C. A Meyer ex C. A. Meyer Sticky purple geranium Grossulariaceae (Currant or Gooseberry Family) Ribes cereum Dougl. Wax currant Ribes inerme Rydb. White-stem currant Ribes laxiflorum Pursh Trailing black currant Ribes monligenum McClatchie Red prickly currant Ribes wolfii Rothr. Rothrock’s currant Haloragaceae (Water-milfoil Family) Myriophyllum sibericum Kom. Short-spike water-milfoil Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit Family) (Continued on page 5, Chama Plants j (Chama Plants, continued from page 4) Elodea bifohata St. John Two-leaf waterweed Hydrophyllaceae (Water-leaf Family) Hydrophyllum fendleri (A. Gray) Heller Fendler’s waterleaf Phacelia heterophylla Pursh Two-leaf scorpion-weed lridaceae (Iris Family) Iris missouriensis Nutt. Missouri iris Sisyrinchium montanum Greene Strict blue-eyed grass Juncaceae (Rush Family) Juncus arcticus Willd. Arctic rush J uncus articulatus L. Joint-leaf rush Juncus bufonius L. Toad rush Juncus ensifolius Wikstr. var. brunnescens (Rydb.) Cronq. Sword-leaf rush Juncus hall ii Engelm. Hall’s rush Juncus longistylis Torr. Long-style rush Juncus mertensianus Bong. Mertens’ rush Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. Millet woodrush Lamiaceae (Mint Family) Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. American dragonhead Mentha arvensis L. Wild mint Prunella vulgaris L. Self-heal Liliaceae (Lily Family) Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. Mountain deathcamas Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats. var. gunnisonii Gunnison’s sego-lily Disporum trachycarpum (S. Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Bellwort Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link subsp. amplexicaule (Nutt.) LaFrankie False Soloman seal Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link Stellate smilacina Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Twisted-stalk Veratrum califomicum Durand Skunk cabbage Linaceae (Flax Family) Linum lewisii Pursh Blue flax Loasaceae (Loasa Family) Mentzelia conspicua T.K. Todsen Chama blazingstar Malvaceae (Mallow Family) Malva neglecta Wallr. Common mallow Sidalcea Candida A. Gray White checkers Sphaeralcea fendleri A. Gray Fendler’s globe-mallow Nyctaginaceae (Four O’clock Family) Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl, Annuaire White four o’clock Onagraceae (Evening-primrose Family) Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub var. circumvagum Mosquin Fireweed Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl Tall annual willow-herb Epilobium ciliatum Raf. subsp. ciliatum Fringed willow-herb Epilobium halleanum Hausskn. Hall’s willow-herb Epilobium homemannii Reichb. var. homemannii Homemann’s will-herb Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & A. Gray subsp. parviflorum Lewis & Szweykowski Spread¬ ing groundsmoke Oenothera elata Kunth subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S. Wats.) Dietrich Hooker s eve¬ ning-primrose Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett subsp. flava Yellow evening-primrose Oenothera villosa Thunberg subsp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietrich & P. H. Raven Hairy evening-primrose Orchidaceae (Orchid Family) Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. americana (R. Brown) Luer Fairy slipper orchid Corallorhtza maculata Raf. Spotted coralroot Corallorhiza trifida Chat. Yellow coralroot Corallorhtza wistenana Conrad Wister’s coralroot Goodyera oblongifoha Raf. Western rattlesnake plantain Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. var. nephrophylla (Rydb.) Hulten Heartleaf twayblade Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. Huron green orchid Plalanthera purpurascens Sheviak & Jennings Purple-petal bog orchid Platanthera sparsiflora (S. Wats.) Schl. Sparse-flowered bog orchid Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. Hooded lady-tresses Orobanchaceae (Broomrape Family) CastiUeja Imariifolia Benth. Linear-leaf paintbrush Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook. Giant red Indian paintbrush CastiUeja occidentalis Toit. Western paintbrush Castilleja sulphurea Rydb. Sulphur paintbrush Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. Pink elephant head Pedicularis procera A. Gray Giant lousewort Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. var. alba (Pennell) Cronq. Sickletop lousewort Oxalidaceae (Woodsorrel Family) Oxalis dillennii Jacq. Slender yellow woodsorrel Plantaginaceae (Plantain Family) Callitriche hermaphroditica L. Northern water star-wort Callitriche vema L. Vernal water star-wort Collinsia parviflora Dougl. Blue-eyed mary Gratiola neglecta Torr. Clammy hyssop LimoseUa aquatica L. Water mudwort Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. Dalmation toadflax Linaria vulgaris Hill Butter and eggs Mimulus guttatus DC. Seep monkeyflower Orthocarpus luteus Nutt Yellow owl-clover Orthocarpus purpureo-albus A. Gray Purple owl-clover Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth var. trichander (A. Gray) Keck Beardlip penstemon Penstemon crandallii A. Nels. subsp. crandallii Crandall’s penstemon Penstemon glaber Pursh var. brandegeei (Porter ex Rydb.) Freeman Smooth beardtongue Penstemon lentus Pennell var. lentus Abajo penstemon Penstemon rydbergii A. Nels. Rydberg’s penstemon Penstemon strictus Benth. Rocky Mountain penstemon Penstemon whippleanus A. Gray Purple penstemon Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Water speedwell Veronica catenata Pennell Pennell’s speedwell Veronica peregrina L. var. xalapensis (H. B. K.) Pennell Hairy purslane speedwell Veronica wormskjoldii R. & S. American alpine speedwell Poaceae (Grass Family) Achnatherum hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Barkworth Indian ricegrass Achnatherum lettermanii (Vasey) Barkworth Letterman’s needlegrass Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth Sleepy grass Agrostis exarata Trin. var. minor Hook. Spike bent-grass Agrostis gigantea Roth. Giant creeping bent-grass Agrostis scabra Willd. Rough bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera L. Creeping bent-grass Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Short-awn floxtail Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fem. subsp. baicaulensis (Kusn.) T. Koyama & Kawano American slough-grass Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash Pine dropseed Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex Fount. Smooth brome Bromus catharticus Vahl Rescue grass Bromus ciliatus L Fringed brome Bromus inermis Leyss. var. inermis Smooth brome Bromus porteri (Coult.) Nash Porter’s brome Bromus richardsonii Link Richardson’s brome Bromus tectorum L. Cheatgrass Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Canada reedgrass Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard grass Danthonia intermedia Vasey Timber danthonia Danthonia parryi Scribn. Parry’s oatgrass Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard grass Elymus bakeri (E. Nels.) Love Baker’s wheatgrass Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey Squinel-tail Elymus smithii Rydb. Smith’s wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. subsecundus (Link) A. & D. Love Slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. violaceus (Homemann) Lange Purple wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners subsp. trachycaulus Slender wheatgrass Festuca arizonica Vasey Arizona fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreber Tall fescue Festuca idahoensis Elmer Idaho fescue Festuca pratensis Huds. Meadow fescue Festuca saximontana Rydb. Mountain fescue Festuca sororia Piper Ravine fescue Festuca thurberi Vasey Thurber’s fescue Glyceria grcmdis S. Wats. American manngrass Glyceria striata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchc. Fowl mannagrass Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth subsp. comata Needle & thread grass Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. Sweet grass Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski Meadow barley Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtail barley Lolium perenne L. var. perenne Perennial ryegrass Melica porteri Scribn. Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc. Mountain muhly Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. Richardson’s muhly Nassella virdula (Trin.) Barkworth Green needlegrass Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed canary-grass Phleum alpinum L. var. commutatum (Gaudin) Richter Alpine timothy grass (Continued on page 6, Chama Plants) (Chama Plants, continued from page 5) Phleum pratense L. Timothy grass Piptatherum micranthum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth Little-seed ricegrass Poa arctica R. Br. Arctic bluegrass Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass Poa fendlenana (Steud.) Vasey Muttongrass Poa glaucifolia Scribn. & Williams Plains bluegrass Poa palustris L. Fowl bluegrass Poa pratensis L. Kentucky blue grass Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. Spike trisetum Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) Grant subsp. aggregata Scarlet gilia Phlox caryophylla Wherry Pagosa phlox Polemonium fohosissimum Gray Sky pilot Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small American bistort Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F. Gray Alpine bistort Eriogonum alatum Torr. in Sitgr. Winged buckwheat Eriogonum lonchophyllum TorT. & A. Gray var. lonchophyllum Spear-leaf buckwheat Eriogonum racemosuni Nutt. var. racemosum Red-root buckwheat Polygonum aviculare L. Yard knotweed Polygonum douglasii Greene var. douglasii Douglas’ knotweed Polygonum kelloggn Greene Kellogg’s knotweed Polygonum sawatchense Small Sawatch knotweed Rumex acetosella L. Sheep sorrel Rumex crispus L. Curly dock Rumex densiflorus Osterhout Dense-flowered dock Rumex occidentalis L. vai.fenestratus (Greene) Dorn Western dock Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) K.H. Rechinger White dock Portulaceae (Purslane Family) Claytonia lanceolata Pursh Spring beauty Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) B.L. Robinson Alpine bitter-root Montia chamissoi (Ledebour ex Sprengel) Durand & Jackson Miner’s lettuce Potamogetonaceae (Pondweed Family) Sluckenia pectinatus (L.) Boemer Sago pondweed Primulaceae (Primrose Family) Androsace septentrionalis L. Rock-jasmine Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merrill Darkthroat shooting-star Primula parryi A Gray Parry’s primrose Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family) Aconitum columbianum Nutt, subsp. columbianum Columbian monkshood Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. Baneberry Anemone multifida Poiret Pacific anemone Anemone patens L var. multifida Pritzel Pasque flower Aquilegia coerulea James var. coerulea Colorado columbine Aquilegia elegantula Greene Western red columbine Caltha leptosepala DC. White marsh-marigold Clematis Columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray Columbian virgin’ s-bower Clematis hirsutissima Pursh var. hirsutissima Hairy clematis Delphinium nuttalht Pritz. ex Walp. var. nuttallii Nelson’s larkspur Delphinium ramosum Rydb. Mountain larkspur Geum macrophyllum Willd. var. perincisum (Rydb.) Raup Large-leaf avens Geum triflorum Pursh var. ciliatum (Pursh) Fassett Old man’s whiskers Myosurus apetalus A. Gray var. montanus (G. R. Campbell) Whittemore Bristly mouse-tail Ranunculus ahsmfolius Geyer var. montanus S. Wats. Water plantain buttercup Ranunculus aquatilis L. Aquatic buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. Heart-leaf buttercup Ranunculus inamoenus Greene var. inamoenus Graceful buttercup Ranunculus macounii Britt. Macoun’s buttercup Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. Pennsylvania buttercup Thahctrum fendleri Engelm. ex Gray Fendler’s meadow-rue Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn Family) Ceanothus fendleri A. Gray Fendler’s ceanothus Rosaceae (Rose Family) Amelanchier alnifoha (Nutt.) Nutt. Western service-berry Crataegus rivularis Nutt. River hawthorn Dasiphora Jruticosa (L.) Rydb. Shrubby cinquefoil Drymocalhs arguta (Pursh) Rydb. Sticky cinquefoil Fragaria virgimana Duchesne Virginia strawberry Geum macrophyllum Willd va i. perincisum (Rydb.) Raup Large-leaved avens Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller Mountain spray Potentilla anserina L Common silverweed Potentilla concinna Richardson var. concinna Elegant cinquefoil Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. Vari-leaf cinquefoil Potentilla gracilis Dougl. ex Hook. var. pulcherrima (Lehm.) Fern, x hipptana Lehm Cinquefoil Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. pensylvanica Pennsylvania cinquefoil Potentilla subjuga Rydb. Colorado cinquefoil Rosa woodsii Lindl. var. ultramontana (S. Wats.) Jepson Wood’s rose Prunus virgimana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black chokecherry Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Gray-leaf red raspberry Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Thimbleberry Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sibbaldia Sorbus scopulina Greene Rocky Mountain ash Rubiaceae (Madder Family) Galium aparine L. Stickwilly Galium boreale L. Northern bedstraw Galium trifidum L. Three-petal bedstraw Galium triflorum Michx. Fragrant bedstraw Salicaceae (Willow Family) Populus acuminata Rydb. Lanceleaf cottonwood Populus angustifoha James Narrowleaf cottonwood Populus tremuloides Michx. Aspen Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Peach-leaf willow Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb’s willow Salix drummondiana Barratt ex Hook. Drummond willow Salix eriocephala Michx. var. ligulifolia (C. R. Ball) Dorn Missouri willow Salix exigua Nutt, subsp. exigua Coyote willow Salix lasiandra Benth. var. caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Greenleaf willow Salix monticola Bebb Park willow Salix planifoha Pursh var. planfolia Diamond-leaf willow Salix scoulericma Barratt ex Hook. Scouler’s willow Santalaceae (Sandalwood Family) Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt, subsp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl Bastard-toadflax Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. Littleaf alumroot Heuchera rubescenslon. Red alumroot Lithophragma glabra Nutt, in Torr. & A. Gray Bulbous woodland-star Lithophragma ienellum Nutt. Slender woodland-star Mitella pentandra Hook. Fivestar miterwort Mitella stauropetala Piper var. stenopetala (Piper) Rosend. Smallflower miterwort Saxfraga bronchialis L. Spotted saxifrage Saxifraga hyperborea R. Br. Pygmy saxifrage Saxfraga odontoloma Piper Brook saxifrage Saxifraga rhomboidea Greene Diamond-leaf saxifrage Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh Lance-leaf figwort Verbascum thapsus L. Mullein Solanaceae (Nightshade Family) Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. longifolia Longleaf groundcherry Typhaceae (Cat-tail Family) Sparganium angustifolium Michx. Narrowleaf bur-reed Typha lat folia L. Broadleaf cattail Urticaceae (Nettle Family) Urtica dioica L. subsp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander California nettle Valerianaceae (Valerian Family) Valeriana edulis Nutt, ex Torr. & A. Gray Tobacco root Verbenaceae (Vervain Family) Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Big-bract verbena Verbena macdougalii Heller MacDougal’s vervain Violaceae (Violet Family) Viola adunca J. E. Smith var. adunca Hookedspur violet Viola adunca J. E. Smith var. bell id folia (Greene) Harrington Alpine hookedspur violet Viola canadensis L.var. scopulorum Rocky Mountain violet Viscaceae (Mistletoe Family) Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engel.) Hawksworth & Wiens Pineland dwarf mistletoe Plant Distribution Reports New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+). — Ken Heil [San Juan College, Farmington, NM 87402] and Steve O’Kane [Dept. Botany, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614] Asclepias cutleri Woodson (Asclepiadaceae, Cutler’s milkweed): San Juan County, Navajo Nation. Farm Road north of Shiprock along the San Juan River. Ca 1 1 .5 mi west of cattleguard and end of pavement. Erigeron bellidiastrum, Streptanthella longirostris, Rumex hymenosepalus. N36° 56' 47" W108° 55' 44". 5000'. 15 May 2007. Arnold Clifford, Kenneth Heil, Steve O’Kane, and Mike Howard 28368 (SJNM). Asclepias ruthiae Maguire & Woodson (Asclepiadaceae, Ruth’s milkweed): San Juan County, Navajo Nation. Farm Road north of Shiprock along the San Juan River. Ca 10 mi west of cattleguard and end of pavement. Sandy soils. Nama sp., Dalea lanata, Asclepias macrosperma, Opuntia polyacantha, rosemary mint. N36° 56' 21" W108° 55' 27". 5000'. 15 May 2007. Arnold Clifford. Kenneth Heil. Steve O’Kane, and Mike Howard 28369 (SJNM). * Astragalus miser Douglas var. oblongifolius (Rydb.) Cronq. (Fabaceae, timber milkvetch): Rio Arriba County. Carson National Forest. East flank of San Antonio Mountain with Douglas-fir, aspen, festuca, and Holodiscus. N36° 50.877' W106° 0.393' Elev. 9800’. 12 July 2007. Steve O’Kane & Ken Heil 8409 (SJNM). Carex nigricans Meyer (Cyperaceae, black alpine sedge): Rio Arriba County. Chama Land & Cattle Company. Poso Road. SE of Sugar Loaf Mountain where dirt road forks; NE of Sugar Loaf Lake. Spruce-fir forest with scattered aspen. Moist area along small drainage. N36° 5 1 .477' W1 06° 29.065’ Elev. 1 0,065’. 26 June 2007. Steve O’Kane & Ken Heil 8262 (SJNM). Carex praeceptorium Mackenzie (Cyperaceae, early sedge): Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co.. Just east of Poso Creek and ca 1/3 mile south of where Posa Road crosses Poso Creek. Circular fen with Carex surrounded by shrubby cinquefoil. Damp soil. N36° 50'. 807' W106° 27.518'. 9775' 27 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28635 (SJNM). Cymopterus longilobus (Rydb.) W.A. Weber (Apiaceae, mountain rock-parsley): 2nd known record. Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co.. Upper Canones Box near confluence of Canofies Creek and Poso Creek. Quartzite cliffs and talus. Saxifraga, Erigeron, Cystopteris. N36° 50'.402' W106° 27.746’. 9750’ 27 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28650 (SJNM). Det. by Ron Hartman. Lithophragma glabrum Nutt. (Saxifrgaceae, bulbous woodland-star): Rio Arriba County: San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co., just north of lodge. Scattered ponderosa pine, Gambel Oak, Rocky Mountain juniper, spring beauty. N36° 52' 00" W106° 34' 17". 8025', 03 May 2007, Kenneth Heil and Les Ludauist 28340 (SJNM). Mertensia brevistyla Watson (Boraginaceae, short-style bluebells): Rio Arriba County: San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co., just north of lodge. Scattered ponderosa pine, Gambel Oak, Rocky Mountain juniper, spring beauty, and Lithophragma. N36° 52’ 00" W106° 34’ 17". 8025’, 03 May 2007, Kenneth Heil and Les Ludquist 28329 (SJNM). Mitella stauropetala Piper var. stenopetala (Piper) Rosendahl (Saxifragaceae, small-flower miterwort): Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co., ca 6.4 miles east on Poso Road from headquarters. Road-cut in moist area. Engelmann spruce, corkbark fir, Luzula, Stellaria umbellata, and Pyrola minor. N36° 52'.298' W106° 30.264'. 9750' 25 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28614 (SJNM). Mitella pentandra Hooker (Saxifragaceae, five-star bishop’s cap): Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co., ca 6.4 miles east on Poso Road from headquarters. Road-cut in moist area. Engelmann spruce, corkbark fir, Luzula, Stellaria umbellata, and Pyrola minor. N36° 52'.298' W106° 30.264'. 9750' 25 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28615 (SJNM). [this is the second report for this species] Orogenia linearifolia Watson (Apiaceae, turkeypea): Rio Arriba County: 3.4 mi north of Lumberton on dirt road to Edith, Colorado. Two track east of county road. Big sage, Astragalus missouriensis var. humistratus, Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica, blue grama grass, scattered Rocky Mountain juniper. Soils derived from the Mancos Formation. N36° 58' 20" W106° 54’ 49". 7130’. 10 May 2007. Kenneth Heil and Les Lundquist 28349 (SJNM). Oxalis dillenii Jacquin (Oxalidaceae, Erect woodsorrel): Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co., ca 3 miles east on Poso Road from headquarters. Collections along roadside. Ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, white-fir, Gambel oak, and Spergularia rubra. N36° 52'.870’ W106° 32.480'. 8260' 25 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28579 (SJNM). Polygonum kelloggii E.L. Greene (Polygonaceae, Kellogg’s knotweed): Collections around a small pond. Riparian with Carex sp., Poa sp., Scirpus, Limosella. N36° 52'. 925' W106° 33.121’. 8120' 25 June 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28570 (SJNM). Det. by James Reveal. Saxifraga hyperborea R. Brown (Saxifragaceae, pygmy saxifrage): Rio Arriba County. Chama Land & Cattle Company. Northwest escarpment of Grouse Mesa. Volcanic tuff in spruce-fir community. In shade of rock. N36° 49.950' W106° 24.501' Elev. 1 1,400". 26 June 2007. Steve O’Kane & Ken Heil 8300 (SJNM). *Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae, maidenstears). Rio Arriba County, San Juan Mountains; Chama Land & Cattle Co. 3.3 mi north of headquarters to junction with North Road. Ca 3.2 mi up North Road near “No Tellum Lake”. Roadside with Rudbeckia, aspen, Engelmann spruce, and Bromus. N36° 54'. 985' W106° 30.720'. 9390’ 26 July 2007. Kenneth Heil & Steve O’Kane 28855 (SJNM). *Sonchus uliginosus Bieberstein (Asteraceae, moist sowthistle): Rio Arriby County, San Juan Mountains. F.S. Road 133 ca 6.4 mi north of US64. Roadsie with Mirabilis linearis, Heliomeris, Eriogonum racemosum, and Chrysothamnus. N36° 47'. 053' W106° 07.463'. 9390' 25 August 2007. Kenneth Heil, Wayne Mietty. and Chick Keller 29012 (SJNM). Publication and Subscription Information Ranunculus acris Not Known From New Mexico “The New Mexico Botanist" is published irregularly (as information accrues) at no charge. You may be placed on the mailing list by sending your name and complete mailing address to the editor: Kelly Allred The New Mexico Botanist MSC Box 3-1 New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 or Email: kallred@nmsu.edu Available on-line at http:// spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/ welcome.html?t=rsh Kelly Allred Kelly Allred Range Science Herbarium, New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003 Martin & Hutchins, in their monumental A Flora of New Mexico, report Ranunculus acris Linnaeus from “open areas; northern to western; 6,000-8,000 ft.” This report, the only one for this species for New Mexico, is evidently based on a single specimen at UNM: “Taos County: gravel loam of stream area and slopes, vicinity of Baca Grande campground, near Eagle Nest. Elev. ca 8,500 ft. Corolla yellow 28 June 1975, Bob Hutchins 5528.” An examina¬ tion of this specimen shows it to have the following signifi¬ cant features: leaves compound, the 3 leaflets deeply lobed or parted, the margins incised or toothed; petals 5-6 mm long, 4 mm wide, equaling the sepals. None of these features correspond with the European Ranunculus acris, which has simple (though deeply parted) leaves and petals 8-15 mm long, 7-13 mm wide, and longer than the sepals The plant in question, though, fits exactly the varia¬ tion of Ranunculus macounii Britton, already known from the state, to which name the collection is assigned. The recent Flora of North America treatment for Ranunculus acris reports it as absent from Colorado, Texas, and Oklahoma, with a single dot on the map for Arizona. Ranunculus macounii is common throughout the Rocky Mt states (and elsewhere). The two are compared in the following illustrations: (Much thanks to Jane Mygatt and UNM for allowing me to examine the specimen in question.) R. acris R. macounii [from Britton & Brown Illustrated Flora, 1913] w Cooperative Extension Service w U.S. Department of Agriculture New Mexico State University 74e %«■ "Wtaica Las Cruces, NM 88003 ‘SoULHiAi Im ESTHER T MER'Ivf LIBRARY ULU 1 U ZU07 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN William R. Buck Institute of Systematic Botany New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, (/> religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Is? —