A Newsletter for the flora
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

Charlotte Ellis of the Sandia Mountains

Eugene Jercinovic

P.O. Box 246, Torreon, NM 87061

“The poetry of history does not consist of imagination, but of imagination pursuing the fact
and fastening upon it. The dead were and are not. Their place knows them no more and is
ours today. Yet they were once as real as we, and we shall tomorrow be shadows like them.”

— George Macauley Trevelyan, FRS (1876-1962)

In This Issue —

• Charlotte Ellis . 1

• Plant Reports . 39

THE REMARKABLE NATURALIST Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (1866-1948) began his professional
scientific career as Curator of the Public Museum in Kingston, Jamaica in 1891. After two years, his
tuberculosis, which he contracted in 1887, recurred, and he determined he needed to leave the moist climate
of Jamaica. Having spent time in Colorado in order to effect an initial cure of his tuberculosis, Cockerell
wished he could return to the Rocky Mountains. It so happened that he was in correspondence with C.H.T.
Townsend, then at the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (NMCA & MA). Cockerell
casually suggested that he and Townsend exchange positions. Amazingly Townsend agreed. Cockerell spent
the years from 1893 to 1900 at Mesilla Park (now Las Cruces) NM. He then spent three years at New
Mexico Normal University in Las Vegas NM before moving to Colorado, where he spent the rest of his
career.

In 1937, Cockerel] penned an article in the obscure journal Bios entitled “Recollections of a Naturalist
IV. The Amateur Botanist.” He, from his youth, had a fascination with the genus Primula In his article, he
tells an absorbing tale of the discovery of a new Primula in New Mexico as evidenced by the following
excerpt:

It was in connection with the genus Primula that I made the acquaintance of another great
botanist. When I lived in New Mexico, Miss Charlotte Ellis, one of my students, found a
beautiful Primula in the Sandia Mountains and as it appeared to'be new, it was named Primula
ellisiae (Pollard & Cockerell, 1902). In the Mogollon Mountains, about 160 miles away, on the
other side of the Rio Grande Valley, there was a related species, Primula rusbyi (Greene, 1881).

Pax and Kunth, apparently without seeing P. ellisiae, reduced it to a synonym of P. rusbyi in
their revision of Primula ( 1 905). This did not seem satisfactory, but for a time nothing could be
done about it. Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour, the head of the Edinburgh Botanical Garden, was the
most learned expert on Primula, and had a very large collection of living plants. I sent him seed
of P. ellisiae, and he procured seed of P. rusbyi from another source. In 1921, when my wife
and I visited the Edinburgh Garden, Bayley Balfour had brought both species to flowering, and it
was a dramatic moment when he stood before us, with a pot in each hand, and pointed out that
the living plants were quite distinct. It seems extraordinary to have to go to Edinburgh to settle a
point in the botany of New Mexico, no one in that State having seen both plants alive.

Now, in 2008, Primula ellisiae and P. rusbyi are recognized as distinct species. Charlotte’s collection in
1900 is the holotype1 (US) of P. ellisiae. She also collected the holotype (US) of the white shooting star,
Dodecatheon ellisiae (Standley 1913). She developed relationships not only with Cockerell, but also with
Elmer Ottis Wooton and Paul Carpenter Standley. Despite much adversity, she collected hundreds of
specimens and helped to define the flora of New Mexico.

Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis (1874 - 1956)

George Cortlandt Ellis was bom in Indiana on February 17, 1845, even though the Ellis family roots
were in Syracuse, New York. When George Cortlandt was four, his father, George Clinton Ellis, died. In
1850 George, his younger sister and his mother Eliza Carter Ellis were living in Brooklyn, New York with
Eliza’s parents. After the death of her father in 1 860, Eliza and her two children moved to Racine, Wisconsin

J^otnmce est ^cientin \JV^U wilis qune '^egetnbilium cognitioretn trndit.

— ^innneus

just north of Chicago. While in his teens young George contracted
tuberculosis. In spite of his health, in 1862 he volunteered for the New
York Regiment of the Union Army and went to war. When the war
ended, he returned to the Chicago area and entered the business world.
He met Julia Gardell Shipman there and they were married on October
7, 1869. Their first child Guy Carter Ellis was bom on September 13,
1870, in Wilmington Illinois, followed by Helen Maude Ellis on
September 6, 1872, and then Charlotte Courtland Ellis on June 27, 1874
in Joliet Illinois. By 1877, George’s tuberculosis again became a
problem, and the family decided to seek a new life in the west. So
George and a pregnant Julia packed up the three young children and
Grandma Ellis and headed to Kansas. The first Ellis ranch was along
Owl Creek in Comanche County, a few miles north of the Oklahoma
border. Years later Maude remembered the first house: “The grass grew
very thick and by cutting sod with axe and spade, bricks were made to
build a house. It was very warm, but there was no way to make a good
roof. When the rams came, the floors were mud. Brother and I could
walk on planks but Sister had to sit on a bed.” A new son, Augustus
Weisert (Augie), was bom shortly thereafter, followed by another son,
Francis Shipman (Frank), in 1879. The family had begun quite a new
life in an unfamiliar environment with hope and energy. Charlotte
described the scene: “Owl Creek ran just below the house. There was a
grove of cottonwoods and other trees nearby. A path went up the hill at
the back. Our cyclone cellar was there somewhere, I used to go down
there to play. I was five.”

For the once urban family the times fell somewhere between
bucolic and primitive. They struggled along, raising cattle on the
windswept prairie far from civilization. Julia was a bastion of stability
and refinement. Charlotte depicts her: “1 suppose none of us will ever
forget how our mother comported herself day by day in the wilds. She
was always the perfect lady under all circumstances. It was as natural
for her to be so as it was to breathe. No one ever saw her careless in
either dress or posture.” For Julia, and Eliza Ellis as well, values and
education were very important, and despite the remoteness of location
and difficult circumstances, every effort was made to “home school” the
children. Charlotte recalled:

Yes, she taught us - we three older children that is - but it
was not only the three R’s.... We read most of Dickens
together, she taught us to like Shakespeare, the Waverly
novels, travels (how I enjoyed “Into Morocco”). She read
poetry to us, Byron, Whittier, Jean Ingelow. (I always
wanted her to read “Two Brothers and a Sermon” if I had
to lie around with a cold.) 1 remember one Christmas
especially, she read Dickens Christmas Carol to us and
we enjoyed it more than I can tell.

Learning was not always in traditional settings. Charlotte
continues:

One day the horses pulled down and spilled a hundred-
pound sack of corn. We children had to pick that com up
kernel by kernel, for there was so much gravel mixed
with it. How well I remember our pretty girlish mother,
sitting on a log under a tree, reading to us as we worked.

What was it she read? Homer’s “Iliad”. She had a
wonderful reading voice and we children thrilled over
Hector’s burning of the wooden horse and all.

By 1882, the grass on the ranch had grown thin. Guy always felt
that George had overgrazed the land. The family moved to a new
location on Owl Creek. The situation lasted about two years. In
September of 1884, George sold out and the family moved back to
Chicago and stayed with Julia’s parents.

George was determined to make a life in the frontier west. During
the fall of 1884 he continued to explore for the perfect location. In his
reminiscence of Charlotte entitled Tiny Tools. Charlotte’s younger
brother Paul (1891-1980) slated: “I often heard Father say that he was

on his way to Old Mexico to look for a coffee plantation, when he saw
this mountain of quartz. He had always heard that there was always
water where there was a large body of quartz.” The mountain in what is
now eastern Torrance County New Mexico, was called Pedemal Peak,
and was located about halfway between the thriving town of Las Vegas,
NM and the booming mining community of White Oaks in Lincoln
County, NM. George decided it was the perfect place to establish
another ranch. He sent for the rest of the family. Julia, Guy, Maude,
Charlotte, Augie, Frank, and Grandma Ellis arrived in Las Vegas by
train in late February 1885.

Charlotte remembered the area: “I’m not sure Pedemal would be
called a mountain, but it has all the things mountains have except trees.
For some reason or other it is a barren peak. But it has cliffs and
canyons (miniature ‘tis true), and wild flowers, birds and lizards, with
clouds around the summit at times and springs in wet weather. We used
to call the clouds around the top ‘Pedemal’s nightcap’.” Her brother
Guy observed: “There were no schools or churches. A doctor eighty
miles away was as good as no doctor at all. Our nearest neighbors were
twenty miles away and they were cattle and sheep ranches. There was
only one of them where there were any women. Mother was cut off
from any such things as morning calls or afternoon teas. We children
didn’t miss anything like that. We did not live so well here. Not so
much of a variety on the table. There was not so much to do, more of a
humdrum life. Yet we felt the lure of the country and were not
unhappy.”

During the summer of 1885, George built an eight-room house for
the family out of rough lumber hauled from a mill eighty miles to the
west. The house was comfortable during temperate seasons, but was
miserable in winter. George and Guy spent the fall chiseling a 35 foot
deep well through rock, hitting water just before winter. Winter snows
filled the well to overflowing. The flow continued into the following
summer. Even after the well stopped flowing, it held water until the
summer of 1 887, when it dried up completely. From the spring of 1 886
to the fall of 1887 the family eked out a life on the high plains of central
New Mexico. Sheep and cattle herders frequently passed through the
area. The Ellis family was able to make much needed money by
providing food and lodging. George traveled to Las Vegas every other
month or so to get mail, goods, and supplies. The family even operated
a country store. Guy remembered: “We also had a stock of goods for
the sheepherders, which brought in a little cash and a lot of sheep pelts.
The poor herder was glad to find a place where he could buy such
luxuries as flour, lard, baking powder and matches. Also overalls, shirt
or a pair of socks.” Other visitors used the Pedemal home as a way
station. At least one was rather famous. On April 10, 1954, Charlotte
wrote a letter2 to William MacLeod Raine, author of Famous Sheriffs
and Western Outlaws, to thank him for agreeing to autograph a copy of
his book for her young nephew. In the letter she wrote: “We (Ellis’)
knew Pat Garrett3 very well. He would stay all night with us on his way
from White Oaks to Las Vegas, or wherever he was bound from or to.
To little me he seemed very refined. He dressed better than most of the
men of the plains and was very soft-spoken and well-spoken.” In the
same letter Charlotte mentions another traveler in the area:

When I was a small girl we (the Ellis family) lived at
Pedemal Peak for four years. The Carruthers at the time
had a butcher shop in San Pedro, New Mexico (and some
mines, of course) and Jim used to take the long trip to
Montenceno (?) to buy beef cattle of Jose (?) Pera. Pera
owned the Turkey Track brand. The brand spread from
the animal’s shoulder to its flank.

Jim knew many of the people we knew - the Pereas and
some of their relatives, the Spence brothers at Penos
Well, people at Antelope Springs, Estancia, Stinking
Springs and so on - and yet since Jim took the route that
passed on the other side of Pedemal, we did not meet
until several years later . . .

In the fall of 1887, the well went dry. Money ran short. George

2

went to Nebraska to work for a time. Julia, grandma Ellis and the five
children had to make do. Guy and his two younger brothers had to haul
water from miles away, water that had to be strained and boiled before
use. The situation looked gnm for the Pedemal venture with winter
coming on, but fate was to take a hand. In his trips to Las Vegas George
had make the acquaintance of a man named Ferris who lived midway
between Pedemal and Las Vegas. Ferris was a fellow tuberculosis
sufferer who had been a banker in Tennessee before moving west for his
health. The two had become friends. Early in 1888, Ferris bought 300
horses and invited George to be his partner in managing and caring for
the herd.

George built a large one-room house on the Ferris ranch, secured
the house at Pedemal and the family started a new chapter. During the
summer, Ferris invited both Maude and Charlotte to select a horse to
make their own. Maude named her horse Nig and Charlotte, Lancer.
Guy trained Nig for Maude, but fourteen-year-old Charlotte insisted on
training Lancer herself. Lancer was strong-willed and difficult, but after
much time and effort Charlotte calmed him. In her words: “Well 1 rode
him and tamed him and trained him. He would carry double or treble, or
as many as could crowd on him. I taught him to stand on his hind feet
and to lie down, jump a rope and nod his head for oats.” He was to be
her dearest friend for the next sixteen years.

In the fall, Ferns sold the herd and the partnership ended. The Ellis
clan returned to Pedemal. Sometime that autumn, George made contact
with a man in Chicago who was planning to purchase Sand on the Pecos
River, stock it, and create a working ranch. George was offered the job
of foreman with the stipulation that he would teach the man’s son about
ranching. In the depth of winter early in 1889 the family made ready to
move. With George and Guy driving a large wagon, Frank and Augie on
top of the load, Julia and Eliza in a buggy, and Maude and Charlotte on
Nig and Lancer, the frontier pioneers made their way to their new home
which they would call Valley Ranch.

Valley Ranch contained roughly 600 acres, the majority forested.
It bordered the Pecos River. There was a ten-room adobe house and a
large bam, large enough to house 30 cows and 6 horses. An orchard
grew behind the house. Fourteen acres of alfalfa were well established.
The sound of the river was a constant background. The scenery was
breathtaking. With the coming of spring, there was much work to be
done - animals to be cared for, fences to repair, and a garden to be
planted. These were happy times for the itinerant family.

Charlotte reveled in the new environment. Paul indicates:
“Charlotte was fifteen now with a passion to learn about everything
around her. The trees, the shrubs, grasses, plants and flowers, the birds
and chipmunks all became her friends. She not only read everything she
could get her hands on, but memorized a lot of it.” Charlotte describes
herself: “ At Valley Ranch when Mother was too busy to teach us I used
to take my books and go over to that ‘island’ above the dam and study
all afternoon.” Charlotte spent countless hours on her horse, hours that
inextricably linked the two. Charlotte stated: “At Valley Ranch I used to
enjoy riding along the steep bank above the dam. One slip and we
would have plunged into the deep water below. I doted on swimming
the river with Lancer. I taught him to walk the foot log over the
irrigation ditch.” Astonishingly, as was the custom of the time for
women, Charlotte almost always rode sidesaddle.

Life for the Ellises was always a curious mixture of joy and
sadness. During the time at Valley Ranch Charlotte fell from the hayloft
in the bam, producing an injury to her back that would bother her for the
rest of her life. The youth who was to be trained by George was
unfriendly and refused to go the Valley Ranch, choosing, perhaps to
spite his father, to go to work as a cowhand for another rancher. As a
result, by 1890 the salary being paid to George was discontinued.
George was dismayed. He and Guy, almost twenty years old, began to
have friction. After the summer, Guy left Valley Ranch and moved to
the Albuquerque area, getting a job in the small town of Golden near the
San Pedro Mountains, about 50 miles southeast of Valley Ranch. Soon
thereafter the Ellises were told to vacate Valley Ranch. Guy came back
and helped the family move to Albuquerque, to begin again, far from the
montane majesty of the upper Pecos river Valley, the best place they had

ever seen.

George found a job as a part-time carpenter in the Santa Fe
Railroad shops. Grandma Eliza apparently returned to Chicago for a
time. Frank and Augie were enrolled in school for the first time. One
June 15, 1 891 Julia, at age 42, gave birth to her last child, Paul Munson.
The pregnancy had taken its toll on Julia, but she, with the help of
Maude and Charlotte, operated a boarding house. Charlotte wrote to
Guy many years later: “Neither of us went to school or anywhere as long
as we had boarders; and two girls never worked harder than we did, for
Mother was never very well after Paul came and we did all we could to
help. Don’t you remember how you and Mr. Wells used to come in and
help me out? I do with greatful (sic) thanks. You, or Augie, or Frank
nearly always helped me if I was going somewhere.” Even in the busy
life at the boarding house, Charlotte tried to pursue her passion for
learning. She continued to Guy: “I was always ambitious; not only for
myself, but for all of us; I always wanted to learn, always liked to
study... Always had a textbook of some kind on hand at the boarding
house.”

In Februaiy 1889, the New Mexico Territorial Legislature passed
House Bill No. 186 establishing the University of New Mexico at
Albuquerque (as well as the Agricultural College and Experiment
Station at Las Cruces, the School of Mines at Socorro, and the Insane
Asylum at Las Vegas). By 1891, the first president of the University
had been selected and construction began on the school’s first building.
Charlotte desperately wanted to attend, but did not think it would be
possible. She elaborates in her letter to Guy:

One day (I will never forget that day) 1 went over to see
Nelly Stagg. She wasn’t home, and while I sat waiting
for her I gradually unburdened my heart to Mrs. Stagg,
and we had a long heart to heart talk, though I might say
shoulder to shoulder talk, for we both talked “right from
the shoulder”. Mrs. Stagg said I was to go to the
university when Nelly did; and Nelly took me to see
Professor Ramsey, the president4, that very afternoon.

He was splendid and gave me every encouragement, and
in his mind as far as he knew it was all settled that I was
to enter school. Still there were other obsticles [sic] to
surmount - fees, books, clothes and means of getting to
the university.

The obsticles were not so large as they seemed. As luck
would have it the woman who cleaned house for Mrs.

Munson once a week left town at that time and Mrs.

Munson gave me the job. I cleaned house for her
Saturday mornings all the rest of the time 1 was in
Albuquerque, and I did the same for her neighbor
Saturday afternoons. Hard work but they had lovely
houses and beautiful things to take care of and I enjoyed
it in a way. Then I had the job of taking care of the little
girl next door some times. You remember them - their
name was Moor(e). I planned to walk to school; two
miles didn’t seem far, but Margaret Jenks was tired of
riding horse back to school after the first few weeks so
suggested we go up in my cart, using her horse. This
worked out just fine, and we only went horseback on rare
occasions.

When I got all my strings ready to pull I went in great
excitement to tell you and Mother. She thought I
couldn’t stand the work and confinement, for I had
always been a “puny” child and girl, but 1 told her what 1
had done and how professor Ramsey said he would make
it as easy as possible for me. She went up to see him
herself for she always had our education at heart. She
gave her consent and entered right into the spirit of it;
trimmed the prettyest (sic) hat for me and got out the
piece bag and made me one of the prettyest dresses I ever
had. I hated to tell you boys of my plans for it somehow
didn’t seem right for me to be going to school when you

3

were working and supporting us, but 1 salved my
conscience by thinking what 1 could do for every one
when 1 had been trained for something. It was hard to
convince you of the desirability of my going to school
but I do not think that side ever entered your generous old
head. You were sure 1 couldn’t stand the confinement,
and Mother needed me at home.

But finally you were reconciled to the idea of my trying;
and so 1 went for eight and a half happy months. It was a
happiness a young person who has been to school all
their life could not understand.

Yes, it was hard in some ways at first, not only (nor so
much) on account of the confinement as from the
morbid, agonizing shyness, with which 1 have always
been afflicted, and the feeling of being “rural” and
“green”. But how the teachers did “back me up” -
Professor Ramsey, Miss Taylor5, Miss Morrow6
especially, — talk about helping lame dogs over stiles!

Thus, in the summer of 1892, Charlotte became a student at the
University of New Mexico during the first year it opened its doors. The
summer session began June 15. On June 20, 1892 Charlotte made her
first formal plant collection, of the comb-leaf evening primrose
( Oenothera coronopifolia), an unnumbered specimen now at the New
York Botanical Gardem. The collection was made of the Plains of San
Agustin in Socorro County, New Mexico. This, almost certainly, must
have been part of a university-sponsored activity. Charlotte was one of
75 students who entered UNM that first summer. Most, including
Charlotte, were placed in the Preparatory Department, whose function
was to assure that students had achieved the educational level of a high
school graduate, since New Mexico had no high schools at the time
Guy and Maude also became students in the fall of 1892. In its early
years, the University published the names of prospective students for the
following year in the course catalog published each spring. Charlotte
and Maude were listed as freshmen in the Normal Department and Guy
in Special Studies for the 1893-94 school year (see Appendix 1).
Entering the University in 1892 was undoubtedly one of the happiest
moments in Charlotte’s life.

Meanwhile, George’s tuberculosis reappeared. He was unable to
continue as a carpenter. He became associated with an entrepreneur by
the name of Herman Blueher. George and Herman established a
lifelong friendship. Years later the Ellises and the Bluehers often visited
one another. Blueher was growing fruit and vegetables for the increasing
Albuquerque population and was interested in expanding sales to the
developing mining communities of Golden and San Pedro about 30
miles to the east. George began making tnps with a loaded wagon
drawn by Nig and Lancer. A great opportunity arose for Maude when a
family friend in Las Vegas, Mrs. McGee, suggested that Maude should
come to live with her and enroll in the newly established Normal
School. With the financial help of friends and Julia’s parents, Maude
was able to complete her education in Las Vegas over the next three
years. However, George’s health problems grew worse and his doctor
advised him to get out of the Rjo Grande Valley. He began looking
around in the mountains east of Albuquerque for a suitable place to
relocate. On his travels to and from Golden, he noticed an abandoned
water pipeline coming down from the Sandia Mountains. In the early
spring of 1893 he traced the pipeline to moist, wooded Las Huertas
Canyon. He had found what would become the new Ellis ranch.

By May of 1893, he was ready to move the family to the
mountains. He pulled Frank and Augie out of school and began moving
the family’s belongings out of the Rio Grande Valley. Charlotte’s world
was about to fall apart. George was going to take her out of the
University two weeks before the end of the semester. She described the
situation in her letter to Guy:

It was Father who took me out of school. He came down
in May and 1 tried to coax him into letting me stay, at
least until the end of the term. You talked to him to (sic),

and 1 thank you. Miss Keepers7 invited me to stay with
her. Mrs. Munson, and Mrs. Ives said they would do all
they could for me. Don’t you remember how I sold that
bicycle you gave me (when you bought that other one)
and bought my Delsarte8 costume? Don’t you remember
giving me suggestions for my essay on killing birds? 1
was to read it at Commencement. And how Professor
Ramsey insisted I should bnng Father up to see him so he
could talk to him in my behalf. And Father told him what
he thought of him for interfering in his affairs? So
humiliating.

Charlotte found herself living in a double-walled tent in Las
Huertas Canyon, sad and bitter, her dream stolen.

The first year or two were busy at the new ranch, which soon
became known as Ellis Ranch. George, with the help of Frank and
Augie built a large log house, a house that withstood the pressures of
time and weather until it was razed by an arsonist in 1991. A garden
was established, fences built. Charlotte endured. Paul imagines the
situation: “She would avoid meeting or speaking to Father whenever
possible. Perhaps Mother, too, for ‘siding in’ with Father. She would
have seen little of Augie and Frank away from Father.” Her closest
associates were the family dog Sport and, of course, her beloved Lancer.
Paul continues:

Charlotte took short explorations at first, looking for
butterflies and flowers. To relieve her pent-up energies, she
would have climbed higher and higher to see just how high her
“fences”, the surrounding mountains, were. In that dark mood
she might have been thinking of running away from home. She
had had a taste of association with other people and school work,
and it was sweet to her very ambitious nature

Charlotte describes her solitary tune with Lancer:

In the Sandias I have ridden my pony over places where
one would think a goat could hardly get a foothold. Up
places where he had to jump form step to step. Down
steep hillsides where he had to put all four feet together,
sit down, then slide. I rode him through bogs and snow
drifts and down tunber. I’ll tell you. there was a horse.

Eventually, Charlotte began to soften. Despite her disappointment
and misery, she came to recognize a certain inevitability. Then, one
night, she had a dream. Paul relates:

Charlotte dreamed, that with her favorite teacher, Miss
Taylor, she was exploring the face of Palomas Mountain.

Miss Taylor was telling Charlotte about the butterflies,
flowers, oak brush, acoms, pinyon pines and their
delicious nuts. They reached and scaled the edge of the
limestone rim that caps Palomas Mountain, and Charlotte
began to lag. Miss Taylor was hurrying on up and east,
calling to Charlotte to follow. But from a prominence,

Charlotte, looking back, saw the house in the distance far
below. Mother was sitting in front of it, weeping.
Awakening from her dream, Charlotte clipped her own,
restless, ambitious wings and resigned herself to stay
with Mother.

She began to accept her role in maintaining the family’s well being.
Gradually she began to rediscover the simple pleasures and gentle
beauties of living in a mountain forest She collected butterflies and
became enthralled with the flowers. She began to assign her own
special names to her favorite haunts, like Chokecherry Lane, Midnight
Flat, and Balcomb’s Camp. She referred to the Ellis Ranch as Balsam
Park.

George, Augie, and Frank continued to push back the wilderness,
cutting trails, clearing trees, pulling stumps. Eventually, seven fields
averaging an acre each were prepared. Charlotte, Julia, and

4

Grandmother Eliza, who had returned from Chicago, took care of the
cooking, washing, and other domestic chores including taking care of
young Paul. Meanwhile Maude completed her education at Las Vegas
in the Spring of 1895 and began teaching kindergarten in Albuquerque.
After a few months, measles broke out and the school was closed. Guy
delivered her to the Ellis Ranch. During the mid-1890’s George and
Frank began to have problems and in 1896, Frank ran away at age
seventeen. He would occasionally visit the ranch, but the family was
one smaller. In 1897 Guy married Marian Hubbs. Late in the decade
Charlotte became Paul’s teacher. George built a school desk and
Charlotte held class. Around the house Charlotte had the nickname
“Charlie”, but in her schooihouse, Paul was required to address her as
“Miss Ellis.” For several years, the son of a family friend, R.G.
Balcomb, spent the summers with Paul at the Ellis ranch and joined the
“school.” Kenneth Balcomb remembers:

As Paul had no chance to attend regular school, Charlie
(Charlotte) taught him school subjects in pace with the
curriculum of public schools. It was much easier for her
to keep his interest when I, or some other visiting boy,
was there, so we had school every weekday morning -
grammar, reading, writing, spelling and geography; and
such was her artistry as a teacher that we enjoyed it.

By the late 1890’s the Ellis ranch was well established. There was
a field of wheat and a large garden. Cattle roamed the ranch and
surrounding woods. Chickens provided fresh eggs. George felt that
Charlotte and Maude would be permanent residents. Paul recalls:
“Father planned for both Maude and Charlotte to file on a homestead
there. Charlotte’s house was even started. The posts were set and floor
plates laid.” After the turn of the century things began to change.
George’s mother died on November 12, 1901 and was buried on the
ranch. Maude became friends with a man named Horace Richard
Yeomans. The couple got married at the ranch on April 30, 1902 and
left soon thereafter. George never really accepted the marriage and
never forgave Maude. Maude and Dick moved to Arizona. Lancer died
in 1904. Friends of George informed him the United States Government
was preparing to set up a Forest Reserve (National Forest) System which
would likely absorb the property he had worked so hard to carve out of
the woods. George traveled to Santa Fe to make sure his homestead
would be preserved. On July 13, 1905, he received Homestead
Certificate #3519, personally signed by Theodore Roosevelt, and the
ranch became truly the Ellis Ranch, which the family abbreviated as the
LS Ranch for the brand on their cattle.

During this period Charlotte began to not merely accept her
situation, but to enjoy it. She liked teaching Paul. Gardening was
rewarding and she enjoyed quilting and sewing. Charlotte had always
loved animals. She tended to the animals at the ranch. She attached
names to all of them, even the chickens. She came to enjoy interacting
with neighbors and the not infrequent visitors to the ranch. Over the
years she began traveling to nearby homes, sometimes tracking down
lost cattle, sometimes to just say hello. She even traveled all the way to
the town of San Pedro where she was a welcome visitor or even an
overnight guest at the home of Jim Carruthers and his family with whom
the Ellises had developed a strong friendship. In her diary she tells of
coming home to Balsam Park from a trip with Augie on December 26,

1 908 down the east side of the Sandia Mountains:

It was late afternoon when we climbed the slope for
home, and the mountains to the east of us were sights to
behold, the Santa Fe and Pecos Mountains looked like
filmy pale lavender chiffon that had been thrown
carelessly on the plains. The Cerrillos Mountains were
rose, the Ortiz were a dark blue, and the San Pedro and
South Mountain, shades of purple, seamed with black
shadow, and casting shadows across the plains. Imagine
all this sitting on the brightest, goldenest of the plains
with the bluest of blue skies for a background.

The allure of the wildflowers became her passion. Paul
summarizes: “Charlotte had a nice collection of butterflies, but as my
memory of her awakened, she had turned her hobby to botany and
collecting flowers.” She became dedicated to the study of the plants of
her area. In the late 1890’s she made contact with T.D.A. Cockerell and
E.O. Wooton at the NMCA & MA (now New Mexico State University)
in Las Cruces. They encouraged her to send specimens and helped her
with identifications. Her first major discovery was the Primula ellisiae
in 1900, which just whetted her appetite. A few years later, she came
upon her second exciting find, the white shooting star. She spent many
hours trekking through the meadows and woods for miles both on foot
and on horseback, hunting her plants. Through her mentors she learned
how to press and dry her finds, and to collect all parts of the plants. She
also became interested in rocks and minerals. On the second floor of the
house, Charlotte set up space for dealing with both her botanical and
geological pursuits. By 1910, Augie was employed away from the ranch
and had become only an occasional visitor. Guy and Marian had
become established in the San Francisco Bay area in California. Dick
and Maude were settled in the White Mountains of Arizona. The Ellis
Ranch was quiet, with only George, Julia, Charlotte, Paul and occasional
visitors. With the family dispersing, George made out his will, leaving
the ranch to Charlotte, the eldest remaining child. Early in 1912, the
never healthy George grew ill. He died on March 31. Herman Blueher
came up to the ranch and buried George next to his mother. Julia,
Charlotte, and Paul made arrangements with the Bluehers and other
friends and neighbors for the disposition of livestock and the care of the
homestead. Paul states: “Nearly twenty-one years after Mother named
me Paul, Guy came to Balsam Park to take Mother to Berkeley with
him, as Father had passed on a few months before.” Charlotte was
committed to caring for Julia. Charlotte and Julia gathered essential
belongings and headed to Bernalillo with Guy to catch a tram to
California. Paul followed later. By late 1913 Julia also fell ill and died
on January 22, 1914. At this point details about Charlotte’s life become
difficult to track. Few records remain, but a general picture can be
assembled.

Charlotte was back at the ranch by the spring of 1914. It is clear
that she had remained in communication with the botanical contacts she
had made at NMCA & MA in Las Cruces. As noted above Cockerell
had departed Las Cruces in 1900 and New Mexico in 1903. In 1906
Paul Carpenter Standley, later assistant curator of the U.S. National
Herbarium, transferred from Drury College in Missouri to NMCA &
MA for his senior year, graduating with the class of 1907. He and
Wooton developed an excellent rapport. Standley continued, receiving
as M.S. in Biology in 1908 and joining the faculty before departing for
the Smithsonian Institution in 1909. He and Wooton began to plan
writing the first Flora of New Mexico. Standley became familiar with
Charlotte’s efforts during this period. She is specifically mentioned as
one of 46 collectors in his The Type Localities of Plants First Described
from New Mexico in Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium
13: 143-246, published in 1910. In 1911 Wooton also left Las Cruces to
work at the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C.
Charlotte made extensive collections in the Sandias during the summer
of 1914 from her home base back at the Ellis Ranch. It seems almost
certain that Wooton and Standley stimulated her activity. She gathered
hundreds of specimens that were placed at the U.S. National Herbarium,
the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), and the New York Botanical
Garden (NY). When Wooton and Standley published their Flora of New
Mexico in the summer of 1915, Charlotte’s specimens were cited seven
times9. She was credited with the type localities10 of Primula ellisiae,
Dodecatheon ellisiae , and Achillea laxiflora (later synonymized to A.
millefolium). Charlotte also continued correspondence with Cockerell in
Colorado during this time in regard to her favorite little Primula. She
maintained her contact with Cockerell well into the 1930’s.

In July of 1915, from the vicinity of Springerville, Arizona,
Charlotte again contacted Cockerell in Boulder". She was visiting Dick,
Maude and their seven children at their “Rancho” along the Little
Colorado River. It was as if she were finally free, at last the keeper of

5

her own destiny. She could travel around Arizona and to Balsam Park.
She could have whims. She loved being back at the ranch in temperate
seasons. Paul averred that no one spent winter at the ranch after 1912.
Charlotte’s presence on South Edith Street in Albuquerque in September
of 1 9 1 41 1 seems to verify this. Charlotte reappeared at Dick and
Maude’s White Mountains Rancho again in October 1916 when she
stayed with Maude until the birth of Maude’s new daughter Francis on
October 23.

In the spring of 1917 Charlotte and Paul returned to the Ranch.
They were considering putting the place up for sale and wanted to put
things in order. They reestablished contact with old friends and
neighbors, the Luceros, the Trujillos, the Carruthers, and in particular
Dr. Hugh A. Cooper. Cooper is described by Sherry Thompson in her
1991 study of the Ellis Ranch:

One of the many people who traveled in the canyon and
met the Ellises was Dr. Hugh A. Cooper. Reverend
Cooper was a Presbytenan minister who had come to the
southwest for his health. He, like Mr. Ellis, suffered
from tuberculosis. According to his grandson Robert
Cooper, Dr. Cooper left his family and congregation in
Centerville, Iowa to find a cure, or at least relief, in the
arid Arizona desert. He made it as far as Albuquerque,
where he got off the train feeling too ill to go on. But
after only two weeks in Albuquerque he was feeling
much better. In six months he was fully recovered This
was in 1903. He called for his family and started a
ministry in his new home. He was always an outdoors
type and frequently took walks in the mountains. It is
possible that he met the Ellises on one of these sojourns.

They became friends.

Since Charlotte and Paul had little money, they bought groceries
and supplies on credit from Bernalillo Mercantile Company. They
wanted to get the Ranch up and running again. In April of 1917 the
United States had entered World War I. Both Paul and Reverend
Cooper’s son were threatened by the prospect of military service. Dr.
Cooper brought his son to the Ranch to enter into partnership with
Charlotte and Paul to raise potatoes. After a few months it became
obvious that the potato project was a failure. Paul and Dr. Cooper’s son
determined that the military was inevitable and decided to enlist.
Bernalillo Mercantile was demanding payment. Things looked bleak for
the Ranch. Dr. Cooper stepped in and paid the debt. Paul states: ‘It
would have been very much harder for Charlotte when I had to go to
France in August, without the friendship and help of the Coopers.” The
Ranch was saved and somewhat rejuvenated.

Over the next few years Charlotte was in and out of the Ranch. She
spent considerable time in Arizona. She remained close to Maude and
her family Frank was also living in Arizona. Charlotte actually held a
job for a while, working at the Flinn Sanatorium in Prescott. By that
time Maude, Dick and children had moved to Prescott. Charlotte was
able to help Maude with the care of her son. Art, when he caught scarlet
fever and had to be separated form the other children. Charlotte was
also able to provide care and critical assistance when her only sister
developed double pneumonia Maude felt that she surely would not
have survived without Charlotte. During her time living in Prescott
Charlotte met and became good friends with a woman named Sharlot
Hall. Sharlot, bom in 1870, led an early life strangely similar to
Charlotte’s starting out in a ranch in Kansas and moving in 1882 to a
ranch in Arizona. Sharlot was the first woman to hold office in the
Arizona Territory, appointed as Territorial Historian in 1909. Sharlot
was also chosen to deliver Arizona’s three electoral votes to Washington
D.C. after the election of Calvin Coolidge in 1924. There is a Sharlot
Hall Museum in Prescott to this day

As the Roaring Twenties matured, Charlotte became more anxious
to sell the Ranch. Paul had returned from his service in France and was
employed by the Forest Service in Oregon. According to Paul’s notes, a
family friend, Roy Stamm offered Charlotte $3000 for the ranch. He

wanted to make it into a beer garden. Charlotte categorically refused.
Apparently another man made a similar offer, but it didn’t feel right to
Charlotte. Finally Dr. Cooper, along with his son and another man, E.D.
Sisk made an offer. It must have been an epiphany for Charlotte. Dr.
Cooper put up $5000 for half interest, his son and Sisk $2500 each for
quarter interest. In October of 1924 the deal was finalized and the Ellis
Ranch became the Cooper LS Ranch. Ten thousand dollars was quite a
tidy sum at the time. Charlotte had her first taste of financial
independence age 50.

Even though Charlotte had officially sold the Ranch, her close
friendship with the Coopers allowed her to continue to spend time there.
This turned out to be a stroke of fortune for the dear friend of the Ellises,
Jim Carruthers. His wife died and he was in his late seventies.
Charlotte had spent her life canng for others and she continued with Jim.
Certainly she continued to visit Arizona. Maude’s husband died in
1927, but she stayed in Prescott for a while in order for her youngest
children to finish high school. Charlotte most likely offered help. By
this time Maude’s daughter Helen and son Richard were living and
working in Denver. Maude was planning to head to Colorado after
leaving Prescott. Maude’s daughters Edith and Betty had moved to
Colorado. Charlotte determined that she had to say her final goodbye to
the LS Ranch. Her last known correspondence from the Ranch is a
letter to her Uncle George on June 26, 192912. By early 1930, she was
living in Denver. Jim Carruthers was soon to follow.

On February 21, 1930 Charlotte wrote a letter to NMCA & MA
from her address in Denver regarding control of locoweed. Although
her letter is missing, she apparently signed it C.C. Ellis. The return
letter1' uses the greeting “Dear Sir”, assuming that C.C. Ellis must be a
man. Her choice of the signature must have been a reflection of her
view of the status of women at the time. By 1936 she had a different
address in Denver when she again contacted Cockerell in Boulder14.
She was apparently working with children in Denver, ever the teacher,
always helping others. By this time old Jim Carruthers was ninety years
old, with his vision failing. Charlotte continued to care for him, even
reading to him.15 He died in 1939, leaving his effects and money to
Charlotte.16

After Jim’s death Charlotte did some traveling. She kept a spiral
notebook containing a variety of anecdotes about her bird Tiddleywinks,
her sister Maude and Jim Carruthers, along with some of her poems and
vignettes of her trips in the early 1940’s.17 One, dated August 1 2, 1940,
is entitled “Here I Am At the New York World’s Fair”. Also included
are notes about her attending a Christian Youth Movement Conference
in Estes Park, Colorado in June 1941. Another adventure to Miami,
Florida and Cuba is described in August 1941. After she returned to
Denver she restricted her travels to the state of Colorado. Her nieces
Edith and Betty had married and moved to Colorado. Family tales
remain of Charlotte over the age of 60 traveling to visit nephew Richard
and spending countless hours in a pastime she had first mastered at the
Ferris Ranch in 1 888, breaking horses. Back in Denver she became very
active in the Shut-In Society, regularly paying visits to people who
could only rarely leave their homes. She was an active member of the
Mineral Society of Denver. By the early 1950’s niece Betty Keller in
Denver had added two young great-nephews to Charlotte’s list of
charges.

By early 1956 Charlotte was feeling very old. Her memory
wasn’t what it used to be. She suffered a great deal with arthritis. She
had miserable bouts with shingles. Her youthful back injury made it
increasingly difficult to get around. In March Charlotte had a stroke.
Maude descnbes the situation in a letter to Paul:

There are many things I don’t know about concerning her stroke
but E. [Betty, Maude’s daughter] did write that she never cried so much
in her life and that tells me a great deal. E. could not take care of her
with two lively boys and a husband and no room. She wrote Mother “I
don’t have anything but love and that is not enough” 1 wrote Alta Blake
and she took her to her home, she was there when she died, she was in a
coma for two or three days. Alta said she laughed in the coma.
Elizabeth went to see her but she did not know her which broke her
heart, they had always been so close.

6

On March 17, 1956 Charlotte was gone, three months from her
eighty-second birthday.

Charlotte’s deepest self was bom on the frontier, from her earliest
awarenesses on the mixed grass prairie of the Great Plains, through the
nascency of her intellectuality on the dry high plains beside Pedemal
Mountain, to the first glimmering of her identity in the towering forest
along the Pecos River and the delicious taste of its growth at the
University, finally through agonizing disappointment and sorrow, to
reach a comfort and a quiet inner joy that allowed her to give herself to
the care of others and to the study of the natural world around her.
Despite her lack of forma! education, she never ceased to adore the
process of learning. Her calm persistence and constant delight in the
pursuit of plants would seem products of her history. Her lifelong
concern for and dedication to those around her is a gentle reminder for
us all. Her contacts with the most significant figures in New Mexico
botany in her time will ensure that she will always be some portion of
the future, forever part of the State’s history. The little Primula that so
moved T.D.A. Cockerell stands tall to this day. Her white shooting star
is part of research on the genus Dodecatheon at the Missouri Botanical
Garden as this article is written, a simple unintended tribute to the
character of this irrepressible woman.

Charlotte’s Plants

There are great difficulties in locating specimens of collectors like
Charlotte Ellis, who was not specifically tied to any institution and who
lacked specialized equipment and training. Of course, the passage of
almost a hundred years, as well as changes in collection standards,
labeling procedures, and plant nomenclature impact as well. Charlotte
did not have a consistent numbering system, in fact, numerous
collections were without numbers, or numbers were assigned by
recipients. For example, in the course of this study eight specimens
listed as #3, and three specimens listed as #4, and five specimens listed
as #5 were located. Charlotte apparently did not maintain field notes, or
at least, none are extant. Site data and dates of collection are sketchy at
best. Charlotte sent her material to Cockerell, Wooton, Standley, and
possibly others, who would identify the specimen or pass it on to others
for analysis, further complicating location.

The vast majority of her collections were not holotypes like
Primula ellisiae or Dodecatheon ellisiae, or even isotypes (collections
believed to be duplicates of holotypes). Rather they were
predominantly relatively common plants. As such they would have been
submerged in the general collection at the herbarium that received them.
In this case specimens can become, for all practical purposes,
inaccessible. Charlotte’s specimens are housed in at least five herbaria,
the New York Botanical Garden (NY), the Smithsonian Institution (US),
the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), the University of New Mexico
(UNM), and New Mexico State University (NMC). In preparation for
this article, all of Charlotte’s specimens at UNM (2) and NMC (75),
were examined. The collections at UNM and NMC are completely
databased. However, the situation at NY, US, and MO is far more
complicated. In the case of NY, the general collection contains over 7
million specimens, of which roughly 700,000 are databased and
searchable by computer. These represent the more important
collections, types and unusual specimens. Collections of common
species are mixed in with hundreds or thousands of others and accessible
only by personal observation. At US with 5 million specimens, 800,000
databased, and at MO with 5.2 million, 900,000 databased, the situation
is similar. Even with knowledge of the genus and species of a
collection, locating it in a major herbarium can be quite laborious.

With all of this in mind, it would seem that a general picture of
Charlotte’s collections could never be realized. However, in December
of 2006, a copy of a list of Charlotte’s collections was discovered buried
in an obscure folder in a file cabinet at the UNM herbarium. The typed
list contains scientific names with cited authorities and is numbered
from 2 to 476, but with numerous gaps. It is annotated in Charlotte’s
own hand, although some entries are too faint to read. She not only
filled in many gaps, but also provided her views of common names and

the month and day of collection of most specimens, but without a year.
It appears quite likely that the list is a compilation of most of the
collections she submitted to E.O. Wooton and P.C. Standley, the vast
majority from 1914. The nomenclature of the list closely parallels that
found in Wooton and Standley’s 1915 Flora of New Mexico. Since
Charlotte did not have a formal education in botany, nor a significant
library of technical resources, nor contact with many major botanical
authorities, it is extremely probable that Wooton and Standley provided
the list to Charlotte.

This list is combined in the following database with information
available from NY, US, and MO to provide a general overview of
Charlotte’s work. Even though a large number of specimens cannot be
localized to a specific herbarium, the database certainly provides an
effective summary of the taxa she gathered and a snapshot of the flora of
the Sandia Mountains during her time there. In no database reviewed
have any specimens been located which were collected after 1914.
Indeed her life after 1914 almost precludes periods of significant
collection. There have been reports of Charlotte collecting in the White
Mountains of Arizona in 1915. No record of such has been found in this
study. Reported collections around Hot Springs, NM (now Truth or
Consequences) housed at NMCA & MA are certainly incorrect. All
specimens at NMC were detennined and labeled by E.O. Wooton, and
according to his labels were collected in 1908 and 1909 in the Sandia
Mountains.

Charlotte’s 515 collections encompass 80 families, 293 genera and
at least 345 species, an amazing diversity for an amateur collector. In
addition to typical flowering plants she gathered grasses, ferns, mosses,
sedges, and lichens, difficult groups for a generalist. Such breadth of
collection speaks to her sharp eye in noting differences in plants and her
indefatigable pursuit of them. In addition to the above-mentioned
Primula and Dodecatheon , she is credited with one other holotype, a
milk vetch, Astragalus praelongus var. ellisiae as well as numerous
isotypes.

Notes

I A holotype is the one collection which is permanently attached to a
given scientific name

: See Appendix 3.

3 Pat Garrett is the sheriff generally credited with killing Billy the Kid
on July 13, 1 881 , near Fort Sumner, NM.

4 George S. Ramsey, Principal of the Normal and Preparatory
Departments. See Appendix 1 .

5 Marsha L. Taylor. See Appendix 1 .

6 Alcinda L. Morrow. See Appendix 1 .

7 Lily Keepers, another student at the University of New Mexico. See
Appendix 1.

8 Franfois Delsarte, French musician and teacher (1811-1871),
developed an acting method to facilitate emotional expression
through gesture and vocal control. “Delsarte” courses were popular
in the late 1 800s, emphasizing poise, breathing control, posture, etc.
for effective appearance on stage or at the podium.

9 Fagopyrum fagopyrum, Silene nocliflora. Lychnis githago,
Dodecatheon elliseae, Achillea laxiflora. Anthemis cotula. Primula
elliseae.

10 A type locality is the location where a new species is first collected.

II See Appendix 2.

12 See Appendix 3.

13 See Black letter, Appendix 3.

14 See Appendix 2.

15 See Raine letter, Appendix 3.

16 Personal communication with Maude’s granddaughter, Dixie
Northcott.

17 See Appendix 4.

7

#

Family

Modem Name

Early Name

Year

Herbarium

sn

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE

Amblystegium serpens wax .jura tzkanum (Schimp.) Rau &

Herv.

1914

NY

8.1

BRYACEAE

Bryum argenteum Hedw.

1914

NY

10.2

BRYACEAE

Bryum capillare Hedw.

1914

NY

sn

BRYACEAE

Bryum uliginosum (Bnd.) Bruch & Schimp.

1914

NY

14

CRATONEURACEAE

Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce

1914

NY

11

GRIMM1ACEAE

Jaffueliobryum wrighlii (Sull.) Ther.

1914

NY

sn

HYPNACEAE

Brachythecium rivulare Schimp.

1914

NY

10.1

HYPNACEAE

Brachythecium salebrosum (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp.

1914

NY

sn

LESKEACEAE

Lescuraea arizonae (R.S. Williams) P.S. Wilson & D.H. Norris

NY

sn

MN1ACEAE

Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kep

1914

NY

13.1

T1MM1ACEAE

Timmia megapolitana Hedw.

1914

NY

1 bis

DRYOPTER1DACEAE

Cysropieris fragilis (Linnaeus) Bemhardi

1909

NMC

3 bis

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Woodsia neomexicana Windham

Woodsia mexicana Fee

1909

NMC

3fns

DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Woodsia neomexicana Windham

5 bis

PTERJDACEAE

Pellaea airopuipurea (L.) Link

1909

NMC

6 bis

PTER1DACEAE

Pellaea wrightiana Hook

1909

NMC

3.3

-PARMELIACEAE

Pseudevernia consocians (Vain.) Hale & Culb.

1914

US

5.1

-PARMELIACEAE

Pseudevernia consocians (Vain.) Hale & Culb.

1914

US

3.4

-PARMELIACEAE

Pseudevernia intensa (Nyl.) Hale & Culb.

1914

US

1.1

-PARMELIACEAE

Xanthoparmelia taractica (Kremplh.) Hale

1914

US

42

ACERACEAE

Acer glabrum Torrey var. glabrum

Acer glabrum Torr.

44

ACERACEAE

Acer negundo Linnaeus var. interius (Britton) Sargent

Acer negundo

46

AGAVACEAE

Yucca baccaia Torrey var. baccala

Yucca baccata

371

agavaceae

Yucca glauca Nuttall

Yucca glauca Nutt.

146

AMARANTHACEAE

Amaranthus palmeri S Watson

Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.

146.1

AMARANTHACEAE

Amaranthus powellii S. Watson

Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.

256

ANACARD1ACEAE

Rhus glabra Linnaeus

Rhus cismontana Greene

1909

NMC

254

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus trilobala Nuttall var. trilobata

Schmahzia trilobata (Nutt.) Greene

474

ANACARDIACEAE

Rhus trilobala Nuttall var. trilobata

Schmaltzia trilobata (Nutt.) Small

245

ANACARDIACEAE

Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Greene

Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small)
Greene

357

APIACEAE

Benda erecta (Hudson) Coville

Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville

76

APIACEAE

Conioselinum scopulorum (Gray) Coulter & Rose

Conioselinum scopulorum (Gray)

C.& R.

263

APIACEAE

Cymopertis acaulis (Pursh) Raflnesque var .fendleri (Gray)
Goodrich

Cymopterus fendleri

227

APIACEAE

Cymopleris bulbosus A. Nelson

Phellopteris utahensis (Jones)

Wooton & Standley

7.1

APIACEAE

Cymopteris constanceiK.L. Hartman

Cymopterus Utahensis Jones

1908

NMC

53

APIACEAE

Osmorhiza depauperala Philippi

Washingtonia obtusa C.& R.

55

APIACEAE

Pseudocymopteris montanus (Gray) Coulter & Rose

Pseudocymopteris montanus (Gray)
C.& R.

1909

NMC

246

APOCYNACEAE

Apocynum medium Greene var. lividum (Greene) Woodson

Apocynum lividum Greene

467

ASCLFPIADACEAE

[Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail ]

Asclepias galioides HBK

299

ASCLEP1ADACEAE

Asclepias asperula (Decaisne) Woodson subsp. capricomu
Woodson

Asclepiodora decumbens (Nutt.)

Gray

472

ASCLEP1ADACEAE

Asclepias latifolia (Torrey) Raflnesque

Asclepias latifolia (Torr.) Raf.

465

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias macrolis Torrey

Asclepias macrolis Torr

1914

MO

358

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias subverticillata (Gray) Vail

Asclepias galioides HBK

111

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias tuberosa Linnaeus subsp. interior Woodson

Asclepias tuberosa L.

257

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Asclepias viridiflora Raflnesque

Acerates ivesii (Britton) W.&S.

415

ASTERACEAE

[Brickellia eupatorioides (Linnaeus) Shinners var.
eupatorioides ]

Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Vent.

95

ASTERACEAE

Achillea millefolium Linnaeus

Achillea lanulosa Nutt.

1909

NMC

sn

ASTERACEAE

Achillea millefolium Linnaeus

Achillea laxiflora Pollard &

Cockerell

1900

US

341

ASTERACEAE

Ageratina

Eupalorium

173

ASTERACEAE

Agoseris

Troximon

172

ASTERACEAE

Agoseris auranliaca (Hooker) Greene

Agoseris purpuria

193

ASTERACEAE

Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hooker

Caertneria acanthicarpa (Hook.)
Britton

413

ASTERACEAE

Ambrosia psilostachya A.P. deCandolle

Ambrosia psilostachya DC

413.1

ASTERACEAE

Ambrosia psilostachya A.P. deCandolle

Ambrosia psilostachya DC

27

ASTERACEAE

Anlennaria parvifolia Nuttall

Anlennaria aprica Greene

333

ASTERACEAE

Anthemis cotula L.

Anthemis cotula L.

356

ASTERACEAE

Artemisia campestris Linnaeus var. caudata (Michaux) Palmer
& Steyermark

Artemisia forwoodii S. Wats.

166

ASTERACEAE

Artemisia dracunculus Linnaeus

Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh

361

ASTERACEAE

Artemisia franserioides Greene

Artemisia franserioides Greene

158

ASTERACEAE

Artemisia frigida Willdenow

Artemisia frigida Willd.

1909

NMC

125

ASTERACEAE

Artemisin ludovicinnn Nuttall subsp. ludoviciana

Artemisia silvicoln Osterh.

468

ASTERACEAE

Baccharis wrightii Gray

Baccharis wrightii Gray

204

ASTERACEAE

Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britton

Villanova dissecta (Gray) Rydb.

420

ASTERACEAE

Berlandiera Ivrata Bentham

Berlandiera lyrata Benth.

261

ASTERACEAE

Bidens lenuisecta Gray

Bidens lenuisecta Gray

1909

NMC

226

ASTERACEAE

Brickellin grandiflora (Hooker) Nuttall

Coleosanlhus

MO

385

ASTERACEAE

Brickellia brachyphylla Gray

Coleosanthus brachyphyllus (Gray)
Kuntze

MO

325

ASTERACEAE

Brickellin californica (Torrey & Gray) Gray

Coleosanthus reniformis (Gray)

MO

278

ASTERACEAE

Brickellia fendleri Gray

Eupatorium fendleri Gray

159

ASTERACEAE

Cliaetopappa ericoides (Torrey) Nesom

Leucelene arenosa Heller

457

ASTERACEAE

Chaetopappa ericoides (T orrey) Nesom

Leucelene ericoides (Ton.) Greene

104

ASTERACEAE

Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray subsp. ochrocentrum

Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray

176

ASTERACEAE

Cirsium pallidum Wooton & Standley

Cirsium pallidum Wooton &

Standley

1914

NY

73

ASTERACEAE

Cirsium undulatum (Nuttall) Sprenge!

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.)

318

ASTERACEAE

Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist

Leptilon canadensis (L.) Britton

205

ASTERACEAE

Coreopsis

Coreopsis

280

ASTERACEAE

Cosmos pan’iflorus (Jaquin) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth

Cosmos pan’iflorus HBK

1909

NMC

103.1

ASTERACEAE

Cvclochnena xanthifolia (Nuttall) Fresenius

Iva xanthifolia Nutt

1909

NMC

118

ASTERACEAE

Cyclochaena xanthifolia (Nuttall) Fresenius

Iva xanthifolia Nutt

220

ASTERACEAE

Dieteria bigelovii (Gray) Morgan & Hartman

Machaeranthera bigelovii (Gray)
Greene

402

ASTERACEAE

Dvssodia papposa (Ventenat) Hitchcock

Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb.

429

ASTERACEAE

Engelmannia peristenia (Raftnesque) Goodman & Lawson

Engelmannia pinnatifida T. & G.

319

ASTERACEAE

Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas ex Pursh) Nesom & Baird var.
bigelovii (A. Gray) Nesom & Baird

Chrvsolhamnus

US

242

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron

Erigeron

292

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron

Erigeron

135

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray

Erigeron divergens T. & G.

455

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron divergens Torrey & Gray

Erigeron divergens T. & G.

15

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron flagellaris Gray

Erigeron flagellaris Gray

88

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron philadelphicus Linnaeus var. philadelphicus

Erigeron philadelphicus L.

169

ASTERACEAE

Erigeron speciosus (Lindley) A.P. deCandolle var. macranthus
(Nuttall) Cronquist

Erigeron speciosus (Lindl.) DC.

85

ASTERACEAE

Grindelia nuda Wood var. aphanactis (Rydberg) Nesom

Grindelia aphanactis Rydb.

209

ASTERACEAE

Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby

Gurierrezia tenuis Greene

206

ASTERACEAE

Helianthella quinquenervis (Hooker) Gray

Helianthella quinquenervis Gray

165

ASTERACEAE

Helianthus

Helianthus

384

ASTERACEAE

Helianthus

Helianthus

108

ASTERACEAE

Helianthus annuus Linnaeus

Helianthus annuus L.

386

ASTERACEAE

Helianthus rigidus (Cassini) Desfontaines
subsp.subrhomboideus (Rydberg) Heiser

Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb.

163

ASTERACEAE

Heliomeris multiflora Nuttall

Gymnolomia multiflora (Nutt.) B. &

H

350

ASTERACEAE

Heterolheca \nllosa (Pursh) Shinners

Chtysopsis vi'losa (Pursh) Nutt

211

ASTERACEAE

Heterotheca viscida (Gray) Harms

Chrysopsis viscida (Gray) Greene

243

ASTERACEAE

Hieracium fendleri Schultz-Bipontinus var. fendleri

Hieracium fendleri Schultz Bip.

345

ASTERACEAE

Hymenopappus

Hymenopappus

339

ASTERACEAE

Hvmenopappus ftlifolius Hooker var. lugens (Greene) Jepson

Hymenopappus macroglottis Rydb.

459

ASTERACEAE

Hymenopappus flavescens Gray

Hymenopappus flavescens Gray

1 14

ASTERACEAE

Hymenoxys richardsonii { Hooker) Cockerell var. richardsonii

Hymenoxys macrantha(A. Nels.)

Rydb.

353

ASTERACEAE

Lactuca canadensis Linnaeus

Lactuca canadensis L.

453

ASTERACEAE

Lactuca graminifolia Michaux var. arizonica McVaugh

Lactuca graminifolia Michx.

449

ASTERACEAE

Lactuca setriola Linnaeus

Lactuca integrata (Gren. & Godr.)

A. Nels.

404

ASTERACEAE

Lactuca tatarica (Linnaeus) C.A. Meyer subsp. pulchella
(Pursh) Stebbins

Lactuca pulchella DC

284

ASTERACEAE

Liatris punctata Hooker

Laciniaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze

454

ASTERACEAE

Machaeranlhera tanacetifolia (Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth)
Nees

Machaeranlhera tanacetifolia
(HBK) Nees.

112

ASTERACEAE

Melampodium leucanthum Torrey & Gray

Melampodium leucanthum T. & G.

167

ASTERACEAE

Oreochtysum parryi (Gray) Rydberg

Solidago bigelovii Gray ?

1909

NMC

342

ASTERACEAE

Packera fendleri (A.. Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Love

Senecio fendleri Gray

22

ASTERACEAE

Packera neomexicona (A. Gray) W.A. Weber & A. Love var.
neomexicana

Senecio neomexicanus Gray

320

ASTERACEAE

Pseudognaphalium canescens (A.P deCandolle) W.A Weber

Gnaphalium wrightii Gray

370

ASTERACEAE

Psilostrophe tagetina (Nuttall) Greene var. tagetina

Psilostrophe lagenlinae (Nutt.)

Britton

207

ASTERACEAE

Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton & Standley forma
columnifera

Ratibida columnaris (Sims) Don

113.1

ASTERACEAE

Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart

Ratibida tagetes (James) Bamh

1909

NMC

9

208

ASTERACEAE

Ratibida tagetes (James) Barnhart

Ratibida tagetes (James) Bamh.

175

ASTERACEAE

Rudbeckia laciniaia Linnaeus

Rudbeckia laciniaia

154

ASTERACEAE

Senecio bigelovii Gray var. bigelovii

Senecio bigelovii Gray

281

ASTERACEAE

Senecio eremophilus Richardson var. kingii (Rydberg)

Greenman

Senecio ambrosioides Rydb.

286

ASTERACEAE

Senecio flaccidus Lessing var. flaccidus

Senecio filifolius Nutt.

290

ASTERACEAE

Solidago simplex Kunth var. simplex

Solidago oreophila Rydb.

49

ASTERACEAE

Solidngo velutina A.P. deCandolle

Solidago trinervata Greene

1909

NMC

288

ASTERACEAE

Solidago wrighlii Gray var. wrighlii

Solidago bigelovii Gray

1909

NMC

101

ASTERACEAE

Sonchns asper (Linnaeus) Hill

Sonchus asper (L.) All.

412

ASTERACEAE

Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill

Sonchus asper (L.) All

149

ASTERACEAE

Slephanomeria minor (Hooker) Nuttall

Ptiloria ramosa Rydb

408

ASTERACEAE

Stephanomeria minor (Hooker) Nuttall

Ptiloria ramosa Rydb

445

ASTERACEAE

Slephanomeria minor (Hooker) Nuttall

Ptilorium ramosa Rydb,

470

ASTERACEAE

Slephanomeria minor (Hooker) Nuttall

Ptiloria ramosa Rydb

416

ASTERACEAE

Symphyotrich urn

Aster

87

ASTERACEAE

Symphyolrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) Nesom var. ericoides

Aster hebecladus DC

1909

NMC

215

ASTERACEAE

Symphyoirichum laeve (Linnaeus) Love & Love var. laeve

Aster laevis L.

265

ASTERACEAE

Tetraneuris

Actinella

19

ASTERACEAE

Tetraneuris argemea (Gray) Greene

Tetraneuris leplodada (Gray)

Greene

456

ASTERACEAE

Thelesperma filifolium Gray var. intermedium (Rydberg)

Shinners

Thelesperma trifida (Lam.) Britton

395

ASTERACEAE

Thelesperma megapotamicum (Sprengel) Kuntze

Thelesperma gracile

56

ASTERACEAE

Townsendia eximia Gray

Townsendia eximia Gray

NMC

234

ASTERACEAE

Townsendia exscapa (Richardson) Porter

Townsendia exscapa (Richards.)
Porter

81

ASTERACEAE

Verbesina encelioides (Cavanilles) Bentham & Hooker var
exauriculata B.L. Robinson & J.L. Greenman

Ximenesia exauriculata (Rob &
Greenman) Rydb.

389

ASTERACEAE

Viguiera dentata (Cavanilles) Sprengel

Viguiera helianthoides HBK

298

ASTERACEAE

Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus var. canadense (Miller) Torrey

Xanthium commune Britton

113

ASTERACEAE

Zinnia grandiflora Nuttall

Crassina grandiflora (Nutt.) Kuntze

52

BERBER1DACEAE

Berberis fendleri Gray

Berberis fendleri Gray

1909

NMC

297

BERBER1DACEAE

Berberis haematocarpa Wooton

Odostemon haematocarpa (Wooton)
Heller

8

BERBERIDACEAE

Berberis repens Lindley

Odostemon repens (Lindl.) Ckll

16

BORAGINACEAE

Cryptanlha

Oreocarya

366

BORAG1NACEAE

Cryptanlha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var. cinerea

Oreocarya mullicau/is (Torn.)

Greene

463

BORAGINACEAE

Cryptanlha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist var . jamesii Cronquist

Oreocarya suffruticosa (Tom.)

Greene

184

BORAGINACEAE

Hackelia floribunda (Lehmann) 1. M. Johnston

Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene

US

327

BORAGINACEAE

Lithospennum incisum Lehmann

Lithospermum linearifolium Goldie

98

BORAGINACEAE

Lithospermum multiflorum Torrey ex Gray

Lithospennum multiflorum Tom.

1909

NMC

12

BORAGINACEAE

Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh.) A.P. deCandolle var .nivalis (S.
Watson) Higgins

Mertensia fendleri Gray

241

BRASSICACEAE

Arabis hirsuta (Linnaeus) Scopoli var . pycnocarpa (Hopkins)
Rollins

Arabis ovala (Pursh) Poir.

9

BRASSICACEAE

Boechera fendleri (S. Watson) W.A. Weber

Arabis fendleri (Gray)

216

BRASSICACEAE

Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus

Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Web

1909

NMC

157

BRASSICACEAE

Descurainia incisa (Engelmann ex Gray) Britton subsp. incisa

Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene

380

BRASSICACEAE

Descurainia obtusa (Greene) O.E. Schulz subsp. obtusa

Sophia obtusa Greene

390

BRASSICACEAE

Dimorphocatpa wislizeni (Engelmann) Rollins

Dithyraea

293

BRASSICACEAE

Draba

Draba

71

BRASSICACEAE

Draba helleriana Greene var. helleriana

Draba helleriana Greene

MO

233

BRASSICACEAE

Draba replans (Lamarck) Femald

Draba coloradensis Rydb.

132

BRASSICACEAE

Erysimum capitatum (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene var. purshii
(Durand) Rollins

Cheirenia asperrima (Greene)

Rydb.

33

BRASSICACEAE

Erysimum capitatum (Douglas) Greene var. capitatum

Cheirinia wheeleri (S. Wats.) Rydb.

1909

NMC

72

BRASSICACEAE

Lepidium alyssoides Gray var. eastwoodiae (Wooton) Rollins

Lepidium Eastwoodiae Wooton

1914

NY, NMC,

MO

198

BRASSICACEAE

Pennellia micrantha (Gray) Nieuwland

Heterothrix micrantha (Gray) Rydb.

7

BRASSICACEAE

Physaria fendleri (Gray) O'Kane & Al-Shebaz

Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) S. Wats

185

BRASSICACEAE

Schoenocrambe tinearifolia (Gray) Rollins

Thelypodium linearifolium Gray

452

BRASSICACEAE

Thelypodiopsis vaseyi (S. Watson ex Robinson) Rollins

Sisymbrium vaseyi S. Wats.

354

BRASSICACEAE

Thelypodium

Thelypodium

203

BRASSICACEAE

Thelypodium wrighlii Gray

Thelypodium wrighlii Gray

sn

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Backeb.

1910

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Backeb.

1910

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose

1910

US

153

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara (Nuttall) Britton & Rose var.
neomexicana (Engelm.) Backeb.

Mamillaria

1914

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Coryphantha vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) Backeb

1914

US

10

116

CACTACEAE

Cylindropuntia imbricatn (Haworth) F.M. Knuth var. imbricata

Opuntia arborescens Engelm.

US

45

CACTACEAE

Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann

Echinocereus coccineus Engelm

US

199

CACTACEAE

Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann

Echinocereus conoideus Engelm

1914

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Echinocereus fendleri (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Riimper var.
kuenzleri (Castetter, Pierce, & Schwerin) L. Benson

1914

US

147

CACTACEAE

Grusonia clavata (Engelm.) H. Rob.

Opuntia clavata Engelm

US

110

CACTACEAE

Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann var. macrorhiza

Opuntia

US

260

CACTACEAE

Opunlia phaeacantha Engelni. var. major Engelm.

Opuntia

US

305

CACTACEAE

Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. var. major Engelm.

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Opuntia polycantha Haw. var. polyacantha

1910

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Opuntia sp.

1910

US

368

CACTACEAE

Pediocactus simpsonii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Pediocactus

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Pediocactus simpsonii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

191 1

US

sn

CACTACEAE

Pediocactus simpsonii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

1914

US

133

CAMPANULACEAE

Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus

Campanula petiolata A. DC.

1914

US, NMC

447

CAMPANULACEAE

Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus

Lobelia splendens Willd.

270

CANNABACEAE

Humulus lupulus Linnaeus var. neomexicanus Nelson &
Cockerell

Humulua lupulus var. neomexicana
Nels. & Cock.

171

CAPPAR1DACEAE

Cleoma semdata Pursh

Peritoma serrulatum (Pursh) DC.

1909

NMC

179

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus var. microbotrys (Rydberg)
Kearney & Peebles

Sambucus microbotrys Rydb.

60

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Gray

Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray

382

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Agrostemma githago Linnaeus

Lychnis githago

405

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Drymaria molluginea (Lagasca) Didrichsen

Drymaria sperguloides Gray

338

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Eregemone fendleri (Gray) Ikonnikov

Arenaria fendleri Gray

340

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Minuartia

Alsinopsis

54

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Pseudostellaria jamesiana W.A. Weber & R.L. Hartman

Alsine jamesiana (Torr.) Heller

376

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene antirrhina Linnaeus

Silene antirrhina Linnaeus

392

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene antirrhina Linnaeus

Silene antirrhina (L.)

475

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene antirrhina Linnaeus

Silene antirrhina (L.)

212

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene drummondii Hooker

Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S.

Wats.

462

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene drummondii Hooker var. drummondii

Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S.

Wats.

364

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene noctiflora Linnaeus

Silene noctiflora L.

212.1

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Silene scouleri Hooker subsp. hallii

Silene hallii Gray

343

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Spergulastrum lanuginosum (Michaux) subsp. saxosum (Gray)
Weber

Arenaria confusa Rydb.

328

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Stellaria media (Linnaeus) Cyril !o

Alsine media L.

387

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Vaccaria h.ispanica (Miller) Rauschert

Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton

35

CELASTRACEAE

Pachystima myrsinites (Pursh) Rafinesque

Pachistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf.

162

CHENOPOD1ACEAE

A triplex canescens (Pursh) Nuttall

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.

144

CHENOPOD1ACEAE

Chenopodium album Linnaeus

Chenopodium paganum Reichenb.

145

CHENOPODIACEAE

Chenopodium capitatum (Linnaeus) Ambrosi var.
parvicapitatum S.L. Welsh

Blitum capitatum L.

410

CHENOPOD1ACEAE

Chenopodium incanum (S. Watson) Heller

Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.)
Heller

394

CHENOPODIACEAE

Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque

Chenopodium hvbridum L.

228

CHENOPODIACEAE

Dysphania graveolens (Willdenow) Mosyakin & Clemants

Chenopodium cornutum (Ton.) B.

& H.

1909

NMC

344

CHENOPODIACEAE

Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) Meeuse & Smits

Eurotia subspinosa Rydb.

1909

NMC

369

CHENOPODIACEAE

Salsola tragus Linnaeus

Salsola pestifer A. Nels.

174

COMMELINACEAE

Commelina dianthifolia Delile

Commelina dianthifolia [DC.]

1914

US, NMC

439

CONVQLVULACEAE

Convolvulus equitans Bentham

Convolvulus incanus Vahl.

461

CONVOLVULACEAE

Evolvulus nuttallianus Roemer & Schultes

Evohmlus nuttallianus R. & S.

276

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea cristulata H. Hall

Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench.

275

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea purpurea (Linnaeus) Roth

Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq.

37.1

CORNACEAE

Comus sericea Linnaeus subsp. sericea

Cornus instolonea A. Nels.

1909

NMC

217

CRASSULACEAE

Sedum cockerellii Britton

Sedum wootoni Britton

50

CRASSULACEAE

Sedum rhodanthum Gray

Sedum rhodanthum Gray

285

CUCURBITACEAE

Cucurbita foetidissima Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth

Cucurbita foetidissima HBK

224

CUSCUTACEAE

Cuscuta megalocarpa Rydberg

Cuscuta curia Engelm.

17.1

CYPERACEAE

Carex heliophila Mack.

1914

MO

34.1

CYPERACEAE

Carex wootonii Mack.

1914

MO

4.1

ERICACEAE

Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus

Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus

1908

NMC

282

ERICACEAE

Monotropa hypopitys Linnaeus

Hypopitys latisquama Rydb.

1909

NMC

218

ERICACEAE

Orthilia secunda (Linnaeus) House

Pyrola secunda L.

337

ERICACEAE

Pterospora andromedea Nuttall

Pterospora andromedea Nuttall

219

ERICACEAE

Pyrola chloranlha Swartz

Pyrola chloranlha

187

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce fendleri (Torrey & Gray) Small var. fendleri

Chamaesyce fendleri (T. & G.)

Small

335

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelmann) Small

Euphorbia revoluta

US

188

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small

Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.)

Small

274

EUPHORBIACEAE

Chamaesyce stictspora (Engelmann) Small

Chamaesyce stictospora (Englm.)
Small

359

EUPHORBIACEAE

Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muller Argoviensis

Croton texensis (Klutzsch) Muel.

Arg.

5

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia brachycera Engelmann

Tithymalus robustus (Engelm.)

Small

332

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia davidii Subils

Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Small

67

EUPHORBIACEAE

Tragia ramosa Torrey

Tragia ramosa Torr.

365

FABACEAE

Astragalus

Astragalus

428

FABACEAE

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don

Astragalus goniatus Nutt.

427

FABACEAE

Astragalus gracilis Nuttall

Astragalus microlobus

422

FABACEAE

Astragalus humistratus Gray var. humistratus

Astragalus huministralus Gray

434

FABACEAE

Astragalus missouriensis Nuttall var. missouriensis

Astragalus missouriensis Nutt.

419

FABACEAE

Astragalus mollissimus Torrey var. moUissimus

Astragalus mollissimus Torr.

421

FABACEAE

Astragalus praelongus Sheldon var. ellisiae (Rydberg) Bameby

Astragalus praelongus Sheld.

1914

US, NY,

MO

5.2

FABACEAE

Astragalus scopulorum T C. Porter

Tium scopulorum (Porter) Rydberg

1908

NMC

326

FABACEAE

Astragalus scopulorum T.C. Porter

Than stenolobum Rydb.

1914

US, NY,

MO

471

FABACEAE

CaUiandra humilis Bentham var. humilis

Calliandra humilis Benth.

86

FABACEAE

Dalea Candida Willdenow var. oligophylla (Torrey) Shinners

Pelalostemon oligophyllum (Torr.)
Rydb.

1909

NMC

131

FABACEAE

Dalea formosa Torrey

Parosela formosa

155

FABACEAE

Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock

Parosela dalea (L.) Britton

1909

NMC

264

FABACEAE

Dalea lenuifolia (Gray) Shinners

Petalostemum lenuifolium Gray

424

FABACEAE

Lathyrus eucosmus Butters & St. John

Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh.

21

FABACEAE

Lalhyrus leucanthus Rydb.

Lathyrus leucanthus Rydb.

1.2

FABACEAE

Lotus wrightii (A.Gray) Greene

1908

NMC

106

FABACEAE

Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene

Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene

1909

NMC

430

FABACEAE

Lupinis kingii S. Watson

Lupinus kingii S. Wats.

236

FABACEAE

Lupinus argenleus Pursh var. argophvllus (Gray) S. Watson

Lupinus aduncus Greene

89

FABACEAE

Lupinus sericeus Pursh

Lupinus bakeri Greene

1909

UNM

436

FABACEAE

Medicago lupulina Linnaeus

Medicago lupulina L.

440

FABACEAE

Melilolus indicus (Linnaeus) Allioni

Melilolus indica (L.) All

91

FABACEAE

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh

271

FABACEAE

Psoraltdium lenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydberg

Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh

77

FABACEAE

Robinia neomexicana Gray var. neomexicana

Robinia neomexicana Gray

268

FABACEAE

Sophora

Sophora

40

FABACEAE

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nuttall ex Pursh) Nuttall ex

Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely

Thermopsis pinetorum Greene

1909

NMC

90

FABACEAE

Trifolium atlenuatum Greene

Trifolium stenolobum Rydb.

423

FABACEAE

Trifolium gymnocarpon Nuttall

Trifolium subacaulescens Gray

65

FABACEAE

Vicia americana Muhleberg ex Willdenow

Vicia americana Muhl.

321

FABACEAE

Vicia ludoviciana Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray subsp. ludoviciana

Vicia producta Rydb.

6

FUMARLACEAE

Corydalis aurea Eilldenow subsp. aurea

Capnotdes aureum (Wild.) Kunlze

152

GENTIAN ACEAE

Frasera speciosa Douglas ex Grisebach

Frasera speciosa Dougl

195

GENTIANACEAE

Gentiana bigelovii Gray

Gentiana bigelovii

213

GENTIAN ACEAE

Gentiana bigelovii Gray

Dasyslephana bigelovii (Gray)

Rydb.

1909

NMC

225

GENTIANACEAE

Genlianella amareUa (Linnaeus) Boemer subsp. heterosepala
(Engelmann) Gillett

Amarella heterosepala (Engelm.)
Greene

1909

NMC

1

GERANLACEAE

Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) L'Heretier ex Aiton

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her

1909

NMC

109

GERANIACEAE

Geranium caespitosum James

Geranium atropurpureum Heller

61

GERAN1ACEAE

Geranium richardsonii Fischer & Trautvetter

Geranium richardsonii F.& M.

186

GROSSULAR1ACEAE

Ribes inerme Rydberg

Grossularia inermis (Rydb.) C.&B

14

GROSSULARIACEAE

Ribes montigenum McClatchie

Ribes montigenum McClatchie

62

GROSSULAR1ACEAE

Ribes wolfti Rothrock

Ribes wolfti Rothr.

38

HYDRANGEACEAE

Fendlera rupicola Gray var. rupicola

Fendlera rupicola Engelm, & Gray

78

HYDRANGEACEAE

Jamesia americana Torrey & Gray var. americana

Edwinia americanus (T & G.)

Heller

107

HYDRANGEACEAE

Philadclphus microphyllus Gray subsp. microphyllus

Philadelphus microphyllus Gray

34

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Hydrophyllum fendleri (Gray) Heller var . fendleri

Hydrophyllum fendleri (Gray)

Heller

79

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Phacelia

Phacelia

80

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Phacelia

Phacelia

121

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Phacelia alba Rydberg

Phacelia alba Rydb.

150

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Phacelia heterophylla Pursh

Phacelia heterophylla Pursh

94

IRIDACEAE

Iris missouriensis Nuttall

Iris missouriensis Nutt.

249

IRIDACEAE

Sisyrinchium idahoense Bicknell var occidental (Bicknell)

D M. Henderson

Sisyrinchium occidentale Bickn

291

LAMIACEAE

Agastache pallidijlora (Heller) Rydberg subsp. neomexicana
(Briquet) Lint & Eppling var. neomexicana (Briquet) R Sanders

Agastache neomexicana (Briq.)
Standley

1909

NMC, NY,

MO

12

100

LAMIACEAE

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nuttall

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nuttall

1909

NMC

66

LAMIACEAE

Hedeoma nana (Toney) Briquet

Hedeoma nana (Ton.) Greene

388

LAMIACEAE

Hedeoma oblongifolia (Gray) Heller

Hedeoma oblongifolia

41 1

LAMIACEAE

Lycopus asper Greene

Lycopus lucidus Turcz.

140

LAMIACEAE

Monarda fislulosa Linnaeus var. menthifolia (Graham) Femald

Monarda stricta Wooton

1909

NMC

448

LAMIACEAE

Monarda peclinata Nuttall

Monarda pectinata Nutt.

432

LAMIACEAE

Pmnella vulgaris Linnaeus var lanceolata

Prunella vulgaris L.

379

LAMIACEAE

Teucrium laciniatum Torrey

Melosmon laciniatum (Ton.) Small

210

L1L1ACEAE

Allium cernuum Roth

Allium recurvatum Rydb.

161

LILIACEAE

Allium geyeri S. Watson var. geyeri

Allium geyeri S. Wats.

433

L1LIACEAE

Allium macropetalum Rydberg

Allium reticulatum Fraser

238

LILIACEAE

Calochortus gunnisonii S. Watson var. gunnisonii

Calochortus gunnisonii S. Wats.

25

LILIACEAE

Maianthemum racemosum (Linnaeus) Link subsp. amplexicaule
(Nuttall) LaFrankie

Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong

39

LILIACEAE

Maianthemum stellatum (Linnaeus) Link

Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong

181

LILIACEAE

Zigadenus elegans Pursh

Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb

160

LINACEAE

Linum lewisii Pursh

Linum lewisii Pursh

168

LINACEAE

Linum pw£>en//«/7j(Engelmann) Heller

Linum pubendum Engelm.

250

LOASACEAE

Mentzelia albicaulis Douglas ex Hooker

Acrolasia parviflora Heller

170

LOASACEAE

Mentzelia multiflora (Nuttall) Gray

Nuttallia multiflora (Nutt.) Greene

2

MALVACEAE

Iliamna grandiflora (Rydberg) Wiggins

1908

UNM

300

MALVACEAE

Iliainna grandiflora (Rydberg) Wiggins

Phymosia grandiflora Rydb

214

MALVACEAE

Sidalcea Candida Gray var. Candida

Sidalcea Candida Gray

1909

NMC

244

MALVACEAE

Sidalcea neomexicana Gray

Sidalcea neomexicana Gray

1909

NMC

41

MALVACEAE

Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray

Sphaeralcea fendleri Gray

NY, MO

235

NYCTAGINACEAE

Abronia fragrans Nuttall ex Hooker

Abronia fendleri

409

NYCTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. subhispida (Heimerl)
Spellenberg

Allionia subhispida (Heimerl)
Standley

141

NYCTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis melanotricha (Standley) Spellenberg

Allionia melanotricha Standley

283

NYCTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis multiflora (Toney) Gray

Quamoclidion multiflorum Ton.

279

NYCTAGINACEAE

Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray

Allioniella oxybaphoides (Gray)

Rydb.

1909

NMC

372

OLEACEAE

Menodora scabra Gray

Menodora scabra Gray

435

ONAGRACEAE

Calyophus hartwegii (Bentham) Raven subsp. fendleri (Gray)
Towner & Raven

Galpinsia fendleri (Gray) Heller

191

ONAGRACEAE

Chamerion angustifolium (Linnaeus) Holub subsp
circumvagum Mosquin

Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.)
Scop.

360

ONAGRACEAE

Epilobium brachycarpum C. Presl

Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.

183

ONAGRACEAE

Epilobium ciUatum Rafinesque

Epilobium novomexicanum

Hausskn.

1 17

ONAGRACEAE

Gaura coccinea Nuttall ex Pursh

Gaura coccinea Nutt.

352

ONAGRACEAE

Gaura mollis James

Gaura parviflora Dough

442

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera albicaulis Pursh

Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton

1914

US

84

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera caespitosa Nuttall ex Fraser subsp. macroglottis
(Rydberg) W.L. Wagner, Stockhouse & Klein

Pachylophus hirsutus Rydb.

1914

US

375

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera coronopifolia Toney & Gray

Anogra coronopifolia (T. & G.)

Britton

1914

US

sn

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera coronopifolia Toney & Gray

1892

US

438

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera elata kunth subsp. hirsutissima (A. Gray ex S.

Watson) Dietrich

Oenothera hookeri T & G.

231

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera pallida Lindley subsp. pallida

Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton

137

ONAGRACEAE

Oenothera viV/o^uThunberg subsp. strigosa W. Dietnch & P H.
Raven

Oenothera procera Wooton &
Standley

194

ORCHIDACEAE

Calypso bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. americana (R. Brown
ex Aiton f.) Luer

Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House

1914

US

20!

ORCHIDACEAE

Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf.

Corallorhiza vreelandii Rydb ?

US

306

ORCHIDACEAE

Corallorhiza striata Lindley

Peramium

1914

US

177

ORCHIDACEAE

Goodyera oblongifolia Rafinesque

Peramium menziesii (Lindl.)

Morong

1914

US

136

ORCHIDACEAE

Platanthera hyperborea (Linnaeus) Lindley var. hyperborea

Limnorchis laxiflora Rydb

1914

US

48

OROBANCHACEAE

Conopholis alpina Leibman var. mexicana (Gray ex S. Watson)
Haynes

Conopholis

248

OROBANCHACEAE

Orobanche fasciculata Nuttall

Thalesia fasciculata

460

OROBANCHACEAE

Orobanche ludoviciana Nuttall subsp. multiflora (Nuttall)

Collins ex H.L. White & W.C. Holmes

Myzorrhiza multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb.

75

OXALIDACEAE

Oxalis alpina (Rose) Rose ex R. Knuth

Oxalis

US

128

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago major Linnaeus

Plantago major L.

223

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago patagonica Joaquin

Plantago purshii R.& S.

7.2

POACEAE

Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Stems & Poggenb.

1914

MO

28.1

POACEAE

Andropogon gerardii Vittman

1914

MO

22.1

POACEAE

Arislida purpurea var. fendleriana (Steud) Vasey

1914

MO

4.2

POACEAE

Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)Ton.

1914

MO

19,1

POACEAE

Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb.

1914

MO

13

29.1

POACEAE

Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Femald

1914

MO

6.2

POACEAE

Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis

1914

MO

9.1

POACEAE

Elymus irachycaulis (Link) Gould ex Shinners

1914

MO

57.1

POACEAE

Elytrigia smithii (Rydb.) A. Love

1914

MO

1 1.2

POACEAE

Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Vignolo ex Janch

1914

MO

31.1

POACEAE

Festuca brachyphylla Schult & Schull. f.

1914

MO

38.1

POACEAE

Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.

1914

MO

5.3

POACEAE

Koeleria macrnntha (Ledeb.) Schult.

1914

MO

20.1

POACEAE

Lycurus selosus (Nutt.) C, Reeder

1914

MO

13.2

POACEAE

Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc.

1914

MO

18.1

POACEAE

Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Stems & Poggenb.

25.1

POACEAE

Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush

1914

MO

32,1

POACEAE

Muhlenbergia wrighlii Vasey ex J.M. Coult.

1914

MO

12.1

POACEAE

Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr.

1914

MO

21.1

POACEAE

Panicum anceps Michx.

1914

MO

sn

POACEAE

Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr.

1914

MO

3.5

POACEAE

Schedonnardus paniculatus Branner & Coville

1911

MO

sn

POACEAE

Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.

1914

MO

sn

POACEAE

Vulpia ocloflora var. hinella (Piper) Henrard

1914

MO

272

POLEMON1ACEAE

Collomia linearis Nuttall

Collomia linearis Nutt.

391

POLEMONIACEAE

Cilia

Gilia

237

POLEMONIACEAE

Gilia inconspicua (J.E. Smith) Sweet

Gilia inconspicua (Smith) Dougl.

130

POLEMON1ACEAE

Ciliastrum acerosum (A. Gray) Rydberg

Gilia acerosa (Gray) Britton

139

POLEMONIACEAE

Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant

Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng.

1909

NMC

458

POLEMONIACEAE

Ipomopsis pumila (Nuttall) V. Grant

Gilia pumila Nutt.

156

POLEMONIACEAE

Linanthastrum nullallii (A. Gray) Ewan

Gilia nutlallii

232

POLEMONIACEAE

Microsteris gracilis (Hooker) Greene

Microsteris micranlha (Kell.)

Greene

266

POLEMONIACEAE

Phlox nana Nuttall

Phlox nana Nutt.

473

POLEMONIACEAE

Phlox nana Nuttall

Phlox nana Nutt.

312

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium

Polemonium

6.1

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium brandegeei (Gray) Greene

Polemonium meUilum (Gray) A.

Nels.

1908

NMC

93

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium brandegeei (Gray) Greene

Polemonium mellitum (Gray) A.

Nels.

96

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium foliosissimum Gray

Polemonium foliosissimum Gray

3.2

POLEMONIACEAE

Polemonium foliosissimum Gray var. foliosissimum

Polemonium grande Greene

1908

NMC

1 19

POLYGALACEAE

Poly gala alba Nuttall

Polygala alba Nutt.

414

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum

Eriogonum

451.1

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum

Eriogonum

476

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum aberlianum Torrey in Emory var. cyclosepalum
(Greene) Fosberg

Eriogonum abertianum Torr.

30

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum alatum Torrey in Sitgreaves var. alalum

Eriogonum alalum Torr.

1909

NMC

331.1

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum polycladon Bentham

Eriogonum polycladon Benth.

142

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum racemosum Nuttall

Erigonum racemosum Nutt.

29

POLYGONACEAE

Eriogonum wrighlii Torr.

Eriogonum wrighlii Torr.

273

POLYGONACEAE

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Fagopyrum fagopyrum

182

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum convolvulus Linnaeus var. convolvulus

Tiniaria convolvulus Webb & Moq.

1909

NMC

190

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum convolvulus Linnaeus var. convolvulus

Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Greene

200

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum persicaria Linnaeus

Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small

316

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx.

331

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux subsp. ramosissimum

Polygonum exsertum Small

464

POLYGONACEAE

Rumex acelosella Linnaeus

Rumex acelosella L.

259

POLYGONACEAE

Rumex crispus Linnaeus subsp. crispus

Rumex crispus L.

MO

57

PORTULACEAE

Clay lonia

Claytonia

314

PORTULACEAE

Talinum

Talinum

13

PRIMULACEAE

Androsace septemrionalis Linnaeus

Androsace diffusa Small

1909

NMC

330

PR1MU LACE AE

Dodecatheon denlatum Hooker var. ellisiae (Standley) N.
Holmgren

Dodecatheon ellisiae Standley

1913

US

3.1

PRIMULACEAE

Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell

Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell

1900

US

180

PRIMULACEAE

Primula ellisiae Pollard & Cockerell

Primula ellisiae Pollard & Ckll.

441

RANUNCULACEAE

f Delphinium woolonii Rydberg)

Delphinium camponun Greene

178

RANUNCULACEAE

Aconilum columbianum Nuttall subsp. columbianum

Aconilum porreclum Rydb.

1909

NMC

28

RANUNCULACEAE

Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow subsp. arguia (Nuttall) Hulten

Actaea viridi flora Greene

164

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone cylindrica Gray

Anemone cylindrica Gray

443

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone cylindrica Gray

Anemone cylindrica Gray

230

RANUNCULACEAE

Aquilegia caerulea Gray

Aquilegia caerulea Gray

1909

NMC

310

RANUNCULACEAE

Aquilegia chrysanlha Gray

Aquilegia chrysanlha Gray

1909

NMC

47

RANUNCULACEAE

Aquilegia eleganlula Greene

Aquilegia eleganlula Greene

1909

NMC

18

RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis bigelovii Torrey

Vioma bigelovii (Torr.) Heller

1914

MO

31

RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis Columbiana (Nuttall) Torrey & Gray

Alragene pseudoalpina (Kuntze)

Rydb.

129

RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis ligusticifolia Nuttall | Clematis ligusticifolia Nun.

1909

NMC

14

444

RANUNCULACEAE

Clematis ligusticifolia Nuttall

Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.

348

RANUNCULACEAE

Delphinium sapellonis Cockerell

Delphinium sapellonis Ckll

431

RANUNCULACEAE

Delphinium scaposum Greene

Delphinium scaposum Greene

323

RANUNCULACEAE

Myosurus minimus Linnaeus

Myosurus minimus L

1909

NMC

4

RANUNCULACEAE

Pulsatilla patens (Linnaeus) P. Miller subsp. multifida (Pritzel)
Zamelis

Pulsatilla hirsulissima (Pursh)

Britton

70

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh

Halerpestes cymbalaria (Pursh)
Greene

3

RANUNCULACEAE

Ranunculus inamoenus Greene var. inamoenus

Ranunculus inamoenus Greene

64

RANUNCULACEAE

Thalictrum fendleri Engelmann ex Cray

Thalictrum fendleri Engelm.

1909

NMC

192

RANUNCULACEAE

Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Walter) Vail

Trautvetteria grandis

97

RHAMNACEAE

Ceanothus fendleri Gray

Ceanothus fendleri Gray

1909

NMC

255

ROSACEAE

Agrimonia striata Michaux

Agrimonia striata Michx.

26

ROSACEAE

Amelanchier utahensis Koehne

Amelanchier mormonica Koehne

58

ROSACEAE

Cercocarpus montanus Rafinesque var. argenteus (Rydberg)

F.L. Martin

Cercocarpus argenteus Rydb.

99

ROSACEAE

Crataegus erythropoda Ashe

Crataegus erythropoda Ashe

83

ROSACEAE

Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endlicher ex Toney

Fallugia paradoxa Don.

11.1

ROSACEAE

Fragaria vesca Linnaeus

Fragaria bracleata Heller

32

ROSACEAE

Fragaria virginiana Duchesne

Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb.

127

ROSACEAE

Geum aleppicum Jacquin

Geum strictum Ait

143

ROSACEAE

Holodiscus dumosa (Nuttall) Heller

Seriotheca dumosa (Nutt.) Rydb.

1909

NMC

92

ROSACEAE

Penlaphylloides fruticosa (Linnaeus) O. Schwarz

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.

124

ROSACEAE

Physocarpus monogynus (Toney) Coulter

Opulaster monogynus (Ton.)

Kuntze

311

ROSACEAE

Potentilla anserina Linnaeus

Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.

82

ROSACEAE

Potenlilla gracilis Douglas ex Hooker var. pulcherrima
(Lehmann) Femald

Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm.

1909

NMC

126

ROSACEAE

Potentilla hippiana Lehmann var. diffusa Lehmann

Potentilla propinqua Rydb.

1909

NMC

355

ROSACEAE

Potentilla pensvlvanica Linnaeus

Potentilla strigosa Pall

346

ROSACEAE

Potentilla rivalis Nuttall

Potentilla rivalis Nutt

1909

NMC

347

ROSACEAE

Potentilla rivalis Nuttall

Potentilla rivalis Nutt .

1909

NMC

36

ROSACEAE

Prunus virginiana Linnaeus var. melanocarpa (A. Nelson)
Sargent

Padus melanocarpa (A. Nels.)

Shafer

69

ROSACEAE

Rosa woodsii Lindley var. woodsii

Rosa fendleri Crep.

102

ROSACEAE

Rubus idaeus Linnaeus subsp. strigosus (Michaux) Focke

Rubus strigosus Michaux

1909

NMC

229

ROSACEAE

Rubus parviflorus Nuttall

Rubacer parviflorum (Nutt.) Rydb.

1909

NMC

74

RUB1ACEAE

Galium borale Linnaeus

Galium boreale L.

362

RUBIACEAE

Galium fendleri Gray

Galium fendleri Gray

189

RUB1ACEAE

Galium triflorum Michaux

Galium triflorum Michx

277

RUBIACEAE

Houstonia rubra Cavanilles

Houstonia rubra Cav.

59

RUTACEAE

Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus

Ptelea mollis Curt.

302

SAL1CACEAE

Salix

Salix

253

SALICACEAE

Salix bebbiana Sargent

Salix bebbiana Sarg.

351

SALICACEAE

Salix exigua Nuttall subsp. exigua

Salix exigua Nutt.

202

SALICACEAE

Salix irrorata Andersson

Salix irrorata Anderss.

20

SANTALACEAE

Comandra umbellata (Linnaeus) Nuttall subsp. pallida

Comandra pallida A. DC.

51

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Heuchera parvifolia Nuttall ex Toney & Gray

Heuchera parvifoliabiuW.

134

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Heuchera puchella Wooton & Standley

Heuchera pulchella Wooton &
Standley

63

SCROPHULARJACEAE

Caslilleja integra Gray

Caslilleja integra Gray

349.1

SCROPHULARJACEAE

Castilleja linariifolia Bentham

Castilleja lineariaefolia Benth.

349

SCROPHULARJACEAE

Caslilleja miniata Douglas ex Hooker

Castilleja confusa Greene

383

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Cordylanthus wrightii Gray

Adenostegia wrightii (Gray) Greene

450

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humboldt & Bonpland ex

Willdenow

Maurandia antirrhiniflora (Poir.)
Willd.

294

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Mimulus glabratus (HBK) var .jamesii (Toney & Gray ex
Bentham)

Mimulus glabratus

MO

425

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Mimulus gutlatus A.P. deCandolle

Mimulus langsdorfu Don

222

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Orlhocarpus luteus Nuttall

Orthocarpus luteus Nutt.

378

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Orthocarpus purpureo-albus Gray ex S Watson

Orthocarpus purpureo-albus Gray

10

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Pedicularis centranthera Gray

Pedicularis centranthera Ton.

151

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Pedicularis procera Gray

Pedicularis grayi A. Nels.

1909

NMC

105

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon 6nr6rm/^(Cavanilles) Roth subsp. totreyi (Bentham)
Keck

Pentstemon torreyi Benth.

1914

NY, NMC

43

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon inflatus Crosswhite

Pentstemon gracilis Nutt ?

1914

NY

480

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon jamesii Bentham

1914

NY

374

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon ophianlhus Pennell

Pentstemon similis A. Nels. ?

1914

NY

240

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon secundiflorus Benth. ex A. DC

Pentstemon fendleri Gray ?

1914

NY

262

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon secundiflorus Bentham

Pentstemon unilateralis Rydb.

123

SCROPHULARJACEAE

Penstemon strictus Bentham subsp. strictiformis(Rydberg) DD
Keck

Pentstemon strictiformis Rydb.

1914

NY

103

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Penstemon whippleanus Gray

Pentstemon whippleanus Gray

1914

NY

15

138

SCROPHULARJACEAE

Veronica americana Schweinitz ex Bentham

Veronica americana Schwein.

252

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Veronica peregrina Linnaeus varjr alapensis (Humboldt,
Bonpland, & Kunth) Pennell

Veronica xalapensis HBK

239

SOLANACEAE

Datura inoxia P. Miller

Datura meteloides DC.

295

SOLANACEAE

Lycium

Lycium

469

SOLANACEAE

Lycium pallidum Miers

Lycium pallidum Miers.

287

SOLANACEAE

Physalis hederifolia Gray

Physalis hederaefolia Gray

393

SOLANACEAE

Physalis longifolia Nuttall var. longifolia

Physalis longifolia Nutt.

197

SOLANACEAE

Solatium elaeagnifolium Cavanilles

Solatium elaeagnifolium Cav.

1914

NY

466

SOLANACEAE

Solatium heterodoxum Dunal var. novomexicanum Bartlett

Androcera novomexicana (Bartl.)
Wooton & Standley

68

SOLANACEAE

Solatium jamesii Torrey

Solanum jamesii Ton.

381

SOLANACEAE

Solatium nigrum Linnaeus

Solanum interius Rydb

1914

NY

251

SOLANACEAE

Solanum triflorum Nuttall

Solanum triflorum Nutt

1914

NY

403

ULMACEAE

Celtis reticulata Torrey

Celtis reticulata

247

URTICACEAE

Urtica dioica Linnaeus subsp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander

Urtica gracilis Ait ?

1909

NMC

2

VALERIAN ACEAE

Valeriana arizonica Gray

Valeriana ovata Rydb.

329

VALER1ANACEAE

Valeriana edulis Nutt, ex Torrey & A. Gray

1914

MO

313

VALERIAN ACEAE

Valeriana edulis Nuttall

Valeriana trachycarpa Rydb

17

VERBENACEAE

Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nuttall) Nuttall var. ciliata
(Bentham) Turner

Verbena wrightii Gray

1909

NMC

221

VERBENACEAE

Verbena bracteala Lagasca & Rodriquez

Verbena bracteosa Michx.

1909

NMC

258

VERBENACEAE

Verbena tnacdouga/ii Heller

Verbena macdougalii Heller

1909

NMC

446

VIOLACEAE

Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baillon

lonidium verticillatum (Ort.)

426

VIOLACEAE

Viola

Viola

23

VIOLACEAE

Viola canadensis L.

Viola canadensis L.

122

VITACEAE

Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A. S. Hitchcock

Parthenocissus hederacea (Knerr)

1909

NMC

1 15

V1TACEAE

Vitis arizonica Engelmann

Vitis arizonica Engelm.

309

2YGOPHYLLACEAE

Kallstroemia

Kallstroemia

16

[Ed. Note: Higher quality renditions of all images in the appendices will be found on the online version of the newsletter, at
http://cahe.nmsu.edu/academies/rangescienceherbarium/. and take the link to the newsletters ]

Appendix 1: Excerpts from the 1893 University of New Mexico Catalogue published in spring 1892

Board of Hogottis

-- ;;rV—

I!*. Lvci iu.Ksev, W. T. THORNTON.

mm

WRtm

Governor of die Territory,/ Ex-ojfa'rt,

Hon. AM A HO CHAVES,

Supi-iuu rulfio Public Instruction. Ex-o/iind

. !!nv HENRY L. WALDO, .

Term expires 1893,

Hnv. MARIANO 5. OTERO,

Term expires 1S94.

: ' ... : . - . - t /A, ,

Hon. K. S. STOVER.

Turin expires 5893. A V;

Ms. FRANK W. CLANCY. •
Tqm expiles iS$6,

Hov, C. W. MEYLKRT
■ Term expires 1897.

-

/ ,, , ,,,,,,,

Ih:;-. MARIANOS OTERO, PMxt.
U°V aVV -'^EKT - C Tir

E/B./RAMSAY, m. a.,
■0tjpUi'iut Preparatory DepttrimcuH.

and Civics.

A L. MORROW, M. A..
ttapui of Normal Department,
dff ^dma'iiaii and Spanish.

J,L R. CAINES, M. A.,

v’1 ^

! (in, Greek, and Natural Science*.

[A ,L. TAYLOR, B. A.,

■iftmar. History, and Geography.

iRXET Ev. jenness,

•hark, Penmanship, and Mafic.

lNDREW GROM,
mmm «»# French.

M CUSTERS,

Custodian.

Oh'u eoi Normal Course of Study

i-lit;!'ARXT(mV. ;.

• J\.t Trim — Arithmetic, (Mental), English Gram-
•mar, DeseriptN-u Geography, Reading and Spelling,

tip; , ■ ' -

SV, i'h Term -Arithmetic. English Grammar. Des¬
criptive Geography, Reading a. id Spelling, Penmanship.

• Spring “Term — As ilhinctic, English Grammar. IV

S. Hhi and Spelling. Penmanship.

English Chun positlca i hours .1 week tie- whole year.

KttKSIIMAN. i

f, . > y/M —Arithmetic, <llijghe» I, Rhetoric, PhysL
oiogy. General History, Drawing. :-

fj 'inter Term - Algebra. Rhetoric, Zoology, GeU-

- oral History. Drawing. . 1

Spring 75: cm— Algebra, Rhetoric, Physical Grot'S
fi|.hy General History, Drawing. ;

American Literature 3 hours a week the whole year- :
with Essays; also Herbert Spencer’s Philosophy

- .

SOPHOMORE.

...

, fia/i Term — Algebra, General History, English Lib.
eruuirc, Spanish, Delaarte. ^ 4j

Winter Term — Algebra, General History, Eng s /-

■ Literature, Spanish, Delsnrte.

Spring Term — Algebra, Chemistry, English Liter-.
K-:' y Cure,' Spanish, Delsarte.

17

- , * BfESWifc' ‘

■ ■ ■ '.. ■

university of NEW MEXICO. " 3I

■' _ •

Four essays, two orations, and three written discus¬
sions, with rhetorical criticism.

• JUNIOR.

Fall Tcryji — Geometry, Psychologjfaud SchoblMan-
agement, Spanish, Bookkeeping, Music.

Winter Term — Geometry, Civil Government, Span¬
ish, Ethics, Music.

Spring Term — Botany, Methods of Teaebing, Span¬
ish, Geology, Music.

Comparative critical study of English authors with
work in advanced Rhetoric.

SENIOR.

Fall Term— Physics, History of Education, Span¬
ish, Elocution, and Delsarte.

Winter Term —Physics, Philosophy of Education,
Spanish, Elocution and Deisarte.

Spring Term— School Economy, Practice Teach¬
ing, Spanish, Music and Deisarte.

Historical English Grammar. Three themes or

the year.

cMVEu.sm or n

mm

I Students, ' ^

PREPARATORY COURSES',

V I..V-1CM.- SENIOR n-AH.

m:U W. . . .

I .

.

PHILOSOPHICAL
. Mioni.rvi.vKv':

. . . . *

. Whitman, Jib. died . <%.:

; Wriqhi. Lvdia . .

SI ' % gS . I -

vi.a :

. . . Albuqueiqui

’ ■ 1 : ! ^ v,,..- ■ ■

JUNIOR .MU>W,K

Bel!, llssdc. , , . .;
IweVey. Gertrude
Jenkins. EHeo ....
. Nettletoii, Oi.'.rv A

. Walton, Sulla -

I Frost, Alfrei .

[Griswold, Waller .

* tux ncia Artluir . .

..

.,.J,...wXertaio!..

Vibuiitafinu.

' Thompson. Ua«y,

‘Yt ''

1 '■ - ■ *

...nan, Pauline..
h^Fled. A....-!

tnk/ns,” Clarence .

fowne, Frank J. . ,.

•Springfield, Mo
. . . Albuquerque

. .Tucson. Ariz

, . Albuquerque

. S , ' " SOPHOSlORE YEAR.

0/V9Ti ", S -■ ‘ “ i. ■ ' '

Armstrong, Corn . . .

' iJoli, Margaret . . .

Bliss, Inez . , . . ... . . . .

jenks, Ruth Mary . . .

Keepers, Lily . . . . .

Lee. Margaret - .

Milter, Edna C. ... - . .

•, bullions, Florence . .

peigoldt. Marry .

FR.KSHM.VN YBAR.

'Craig, . . Albuquerque

Custers, Jjinette . . . • •

Etlb, Chnriotte C . .

JJilis, Maude . . . .

•j^MtugueriteM. I . .cJnB,F*

Johnson, Maggie . ..Marque

Mcllynin, I* antue . . y

Stcny, Nora J .

. Reliance, Ark
. . Albuquerque

LTV': CM5 NEW MEXICO.

At risen

Albuquerque

S'k'Crt'.."-

sklbctk» stcwi;

w*, Tina . - - -

ifc M. j .

vrrell; Mrs. E. H.
ifey, rSirs. Etta A

St, Paul, Mum
. . . Normal, II!
. . Albuquerque

Groh. Andrew .

Kcmpenid), Eugene
.Kerripeiiich, Paul . .

Ritchie, is. B .

Rose, Nathan J -

V’ mile, H. F . . .

Van Antwerp, A. L

Albuquerque

Denver. Colo
, Albuquerque

1‘RACTtCF. CLASS.

.Marion, bid
Albuquerque

Bcshore, Mary .
Custers, Ruby . .
Davis, Louise..
Ridley, Lizzie. .
Ru niford, Maixi
Rumiord, Ida . .
Harms, Eddie. .
Davis, Benjamin
Donciana, John.
Green, Ralph R

18

Appendix 2: Copies of letters from Charlotte Ellis to T.D.A. Cockerell, from the Historical Collections at the University of Colorado. Provided by

Robert C. Sivinski; original acquisition by Carolyn Dodson

Tijeras N M
Aug. 12, 1914

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell

Boulder, Colorado

Dear sir,

I am sending by this mail a box containing a few plants of the Primula Ellisiae as you requested. 1 did not answer your letter
before because I was not sure whether I was going to get to the summit of the Sandias this summer or not, but got my chance yesterday.
My address is Tijeras.

Hastily,

Charlotte C. Ellis

19

dT2- 2-

l«

W, vA" *

*** </. JO. Ct.

&

<-t

*~y . «_ - - * -7-"

a7*aal—7< <^Y

Jr ’&**** -y *L*l

AJ\.7-jA -

_ ^ „ _

yjrJZ-
73c«A&y*^t J*

Sw

* a

^^--AA-A _ _

"*■ — ~ <___.£- 2^;

*</. y^AA^^A CvAJ. ......A

./7

4<./.i!j| _ /.-^1

,

<^ZZt£

^€yA., _ ^£*^3zJzS~

~J^ ^A-t . er ■-■<-?- _ C-cL-typ 4 r-~ — -*< __jfo-*Ui

- - -'■^ i{A~c . *-* ■c-**-&A’^ ’y&.y&AZyAjAASA^ ,

~f

o'

*•»</

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^ r7y .,<-.^ -/ ^ /:y,

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y^T- A^yy

r >- ■<"'■< " <-

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,/ .<u£^e.& _ yc

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20

522 S. Edith St., Albuquerque, N.M.

Sept. 8, 1914

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell
Boulder, Colorado

Dear sir,

I am glad the primroses reached you in good condition. I shall be very much interested to hear how they do. 1 may have told you that I am
experimenting some with it, and other high altitude plants, myself. 1 have it started in three different places - Cedro Ranger Station, San Francisco
and Berkeley. 1 am always interested in cultivating the v/ild flowers - we had many varieties at our ranch in the Sandias. The yellow columbine
Aquilegia chrysantha that 1 brought from Arizona was one of the most satisfactory. I never saw it grow so rank and bloom so profusely anywhere
else and it blossomed from June until cut down by the hard frosts.

The beautiful yellow polemonium from the summit did very well under cultivation but 1 notice that it died out after we left as most of the
other varieties from the top did. If I am around this part of the country next summer, I would like to exchange seeds with you. We haven’t the
crimson potentilla nor the composite you speak of. 1 wonder if the latter is the same we saw above the head of the Pecos in June one year. If so it is
most certainly worth cultivating. I took some roots to our mountains, but something happened to them all one after another. They grew in bogs
where we saw them. I’d do anything most, if I could afford it, to get it introduced.

No, there is no expense this time, in getting the primroses. We were going up anyway. Mrs. Mordie, who was one of the party, and who
says she knows you, even paid the postage. But now suppose I was getting them for strangers, or suppose 1 was growing them in my own garden and
wanted to sell them, could you give me some idea of what I ought to charge? The summit of the mountains is four miles from the ranch.

Remember me kindly to your wife, whom I remember very well.

Yours truly

Charlotte C. Ellis

I shall be very glad when that botany is published

21

/ /' v ^Ar ?C'//S-

' r

/^<,^/.i.iJl-«ji C f-f&.l-i. (£ s~f dc-/i-C-/L/,_ _~

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/

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<?/, . . - "*' - -

■ y off-. -/ y
. .. 1 .!..<_ \ ■ -- ' ' *-

Springerville Arizona
July 9, 1915

Professor T. D. A. Cockerell
Boulder, Colorado

My dear sir,

Your postal of April 27lh was forwarded to me here from the New Mexico State College, and I hasten to tell you that 1 was
very much pleased to hear that Primula Ellisiae was in flower. 1 shall be very much interested in hearing how it turns out after being
crossed with Primula auricola. Are you contemplating a trip to the San Francisco Exposition? 1 may have told you that I sent
primrose roots to a lady in San Francisco and in Berkeley to try and 1 might give you instructions to them if you are interested. I asked
them both to let me know how the plants were doing. I having heard nothing, it is possible the plants may have died.

I’d hoped to send you some different plants from the Sandias this summer, but was not there long enough to locate them.

This summer I am in the White Mountains, on the Little Colorado six miles from Springerville.

Yours truly

Charlotte C. Ellis

22

. - -• $ ■ - 1, . *

Denver, Colorado
Sept. 18, 1936

Prof. T.D.A. Cockerell
Boulder, Colorado

Dear Professor Cockerell

I am gathering some Colorado data for youngsters. I want an accurate Life-zone list and so I come to you. I have two lists
but they are not just alike and neither of them yours.

Will you please tell me the number of Colorado flowers to date. I have an item from “Municipal Facts”, 1930, putting the
number at 2,989 classified varieties - 385 from timberline up and 500 in the plains - but there must be a larger number now.

This has nothing to do with Colorado, but will you please tell me how I can procure several copies of leaflet, “A Visit With
Grey Owl.” I have one (I took it away from my sister) but I want some more. We were perfectly enthralled with your story and
pictures.

Remember me kindly to Mrs. Cockerell.

Yours most sincerely,
Charlotte C. Ellis

23

Appendix 3: Copies of correspondence to and from Charlotte Ellis of historical importance to this paper

COOPERATIVE rxTSNOlOW *!»«
AGRICULTURE ANO HOME ECONOMICS
*TATt Of Hi* y «HtXiCO

Sms&BM

«tw «»»eo cou«« Or Aowtcuvn/**
AKO WtCMANIC inti UH'tte *TATE»
AW©

COUKTtE© f;©Q^C«ATl*0

STATE college. NEW MEXICO

ifisfe

:s:

February 25,1§30»

Mr* C, C. Sills,
808 3.18th. Avenue,
Denver, Colorado *

Dear Sirs

Your letter of February 21 In regard to Governmental activities
in the eradication of loco has boon received. Oh* Govcrnr.ent has
done n * rent deal of work in an effort to find sotna ®®ma

of eradicating this plant and are at present experimenting- vrith
5,5a SIS. *hic£ feed upon the plants and lay their eggs in the
seed pods. Up to the present the resalts have not been especially

encouraging.

There ere no statistics regarding the amount of damage done
by tho plant in 1929*

The best method of ridding a pasture of loco is to stoply grub
it out. 1MB ia a rather .large undertaking- as it Jf

each year for four of five consecutive years. If
pBtches it may be eradicated by spraying with a solution of
Chlorate, 1 pound to "each gallon of aster. The best time to do this
spraying is when the plants are in flower.

Yours truly,

WLBjtHHB

24

252 Lincoln Street

;■ ■ .w. ■ v -g- ' - <:>g . " . • ■ ■■•

Denver 9 > Colorado

April 10, 1954

*@|8liae .

Bear Hr, 3hi»e.t •

I thank you Jf or consenting to autograph your book, ptmoua Sher¬
iffs ana Osteon Cut-laws ror wy nephew, Jon Keller, I would have sent
•the book ime&iately, but was not able to - get to the portof flee# after
phoning you*

The book belonged to Kv, J-us.ee Car rothers and had bran stored
sines his i&nth in 1939. He wao ninety three when he died, Jim lived
in Tombstone? in the days you depict in the Helldomdo chapter, Fe had
& butcher shop, also «cee prospect holes. He v&* a Scotchman and
sdesad vary Fall liked, though ho never drank or -ambled with, the
other men* '‘Because it cost too much and 1 vac saving to soM fer
Joan,’* Jean was the girl ho left behind,

•Jhcn I was -> smell girl we (the . IS r, 1’/} ilvro at. rojer-

nal Peak for four years , 5 he Crrruthora at the time had a butcher
shop In "an. Pedro , Tow .'erica (and s<>3 .’■lu/-. . vi course) md Jir
uc®d to take the long trip down, to x-'cntcnCono (*? ) to buy beet' cst-
tle of '..Jrs o (’) Pera, P«ra orpnri the Turkey 'rsck brand, '-’ne brand
which aprs--ed from the animal *s shoulder to its flunk,

Jim knew evaay of the people, wo knew — ih.u 3cr- •-•e and Roiae of
their rolntivee, the Hpeftcb brothers at P-rra 'ell , people at Ante¬
lope Springs, Tr.ianoia, Stinking Springe m& so onF-and yet, since
Jl» took the route that passed oh the other aide. of Pedcrnal, we

25

41d mt until jr*ajp» *h*m t** «or* in

' /, • » ,*,’kN . ] *£$

Allw«i»mja ma they noro still In Sm> i-adre* Hi*n oy*» fsyMli##

^tfsm It P;~b- n%> tritafo*

Jggg

ISIS#

■l

1 ?-*mcV:£ ilWPiJf## * '- tf3 '-4 th ?otR« Qife#rss «f $c$q*

■ / , .,.: ■ . V- ", ■' :-:V: ^ 1 ". ' 1'

'mtifi,. rvj.r.Q.i :■&« %fm vwn m.Um, after' ?%<& t«

yffi .' -'/•■ ' - , -o.- a--' -.lb

f#*r Iff -n' a# coyawrata im .x sk>.*4 $$$ ^ *krffe £&<* Ms r?-

f8*rfe# 9M Inter »e?ifefeln4 $$» in tH* carp \ a® of :*|t« bc-ck*

fl" nftefe y tic ;:■ of tfeil *ur.'&nU*>Uy fejp th- btnk ml ih&i&it

jR>u :wz% fc-<y* iiv«*3 m foafestsaci tit. th* Urn?, feat aunt net

■ ' ■ ■ • ’ '■ - .... . ,. - -: .- ^ !

hn/- ym^ tfe r^r/'fv *4 that jew awsf rsaRtfcjtN' yfaytal ihkl

©f&e 61 >><?nr h^TS--c« *v.*ue* • t- 1- hi that it Vf<ul£ hMX-% .yv'o £*»&

bib to« fea :;-./» .

’*» (• ’, 11 u * } jjtoew }%> Cn.rrey'r* j '**21* '•> wrjld. r 4 o/ ill nic^i
tfUfe »c ’4y>n fe« •••--*• <r.n M@ v*j» from y'btt© Ofer in r../v: ,'o .as, of
^iCfWf-r ’•* lo-iuf frn;.i or U.-« ?n little? ?;o fee raw*,*.’ vofy jf*?-

* H*i ffr'H'-'* bQ*

v, ../:r* ...f

:U»:. -a.:-

'.rory rr p.;v.‘ ■ r; l.rr-nB -yf -y™ >tv’Cr ir<i««4 to ^

”••> :v--;f *’^je -c- ■* '• rTlt-’.-n: - hx if v«-.fo

Mfy, ' lif- •. r •-..' ;V *.-• f v£4iw, -’•■“c-

> r. •?*/•, > c~<y . rs --

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;'■■■' n mi J •*;■. pt . fe oy g ■•!■ -'yn •■' ■ •

*•'«.• >.»ry

26

Balsas Park

Sandia Park, M. }i,
June 25, 1923

' Bear 'Uncle G-eorge:

just iTS%^f! T? teu y°u 311 'h^ut the trip I have

not sound as”if there could°bf0nuch to°nr“°r a, caJf" 531114 floea
' wait— 1 do, much to write about; does it? But

-• - ■ «. "•

P"Vto oalf a-

ingly after TO had our chS£-,f?f? ?llea frola h*™. s° aoccrfl-
cool ana I did so enlL toe *rfi ,l.ne °f, set off- 14 still
horses felt frisky and^fini v tae noun tains, The

in the bushes and^ingiSj L the* t Si a* V °2+ Dir^f were rustling
tie cotton-tails £S>"+ fh? ^ees» Vesta kept jumping lit-

shying at everytoing helSuM fina^^y"??.81"84 ^ behln4>

has been'drydS'd“?TO?« wlofte^r J0TOVer; *»* then 14 aXwaye
so low it t4SS s?v I “HP»o«. The springs are'

tonir*, ~ yzf-.aa/‘3 to rill the reservoir* nrinef^m

topics o* conversation among the -ladera princ_pal

and tlae water question er » ir,C£ms is ,the hrjii.es a

negocio.'1 (,P C &SUa* ^ ”Hal

*h?n it rainS iastfho5atoefK?rSa?( £?? ^ 14 ras-

or some other place many niif, n^,.X£ ha2xrf,inea in Algodonee
rain one day 1-atoonW7 < ty-Lhow it had looked like

about four fears ago? told us rate*> t»o whole days

our c5fraHeUsald !lo.uf,J fld a=he4 hiu if he had seen

would isfc b one of the SSi’i!?* invited us i„ and said ae
take tne time to ~Q hi w r X'Sf t C &n 3 aroUnd there* We hated to
eager to nl?e £ fee s° tooistant, and no

could not refuse without off end ^^hln rTrffiy f^ily re

-come in for a mimifp £,,+ ?e told ]liin IS. would

more, for before we knew rh"r ^nut® lengthened into an hour or
busily getting dinner for' us ^ ~”DonH Wa-a

invited to the ranger's ea»p for

I know, but I can’t help it,” he said.

~ncit frdSk%Cibflta|fWtoe'aM^i^s- T7She1v-o5elt rfther Pretty
dress, trimmed with lone h^ppSt J?Y * v I'?re G tan ^gandy
latter, from some Ciiristfas' tJee l o'dl? tinsel, the

the meal, Daniel and ?aui i°ubt” Jf " she Prepared

■* x anc. rauj. aiscussed the went!/ d< tions

27

tod stock : and I looked arouna. There was an lx*on bed la the room
which looked as if it had never been used, and two pallets on the'
floor, -which looked very such used* There was a table la the
comer on which were a few knic-naco — a few photographs in frames,

"a box of face powder and a gaudy bottle. Qa the -walls, among many
cheap pictures of saints and sadonnaa were sons of the oddest de¬
corations I ever saw. There was- a small case-, for one thing* some¬
thing like a specimen case with graded shelves, and on thee© shelves
were— guess! Xou couldn't ever — cheap, bright-colored candy. Gj& ’
.the front had bam fastened pink mosquito netting* Across from
'that .-fa's a square of fancy calico in a frame, and over that a- mag¬
azine picture. But the strangest decoration of all was a scalp
lock of golden hair* I never la my life saw acre beautiful hair. . 1
wonder where it cane from. It sad two fancy back combs stuck in it
one above the other. There were & great cmj turn© made fugs oh the h
floor. The floor was adobe and was in splendid; condition* Bvery,
thing was very clean and tidy. Paul asked rlarcia if slept oh

the floor and ne said no they kept that for looks, none of them lik¬
ed to sleep.- in a bed. ; ..:, r i-. I

.There -.were two cute little children playing, on 'one- of the pal¬
lets, b ne it tiny girl of about 'three and a bop a little, older.

Many other children drifted in while we aat there. One a small
boy wearing, a pair ..of. black velvet , pants, a little girl in a pink
gingham dress, trimmed with .quantities of cheap lace, and wearing
'a white-pl4ue“ bohnet. Then ther was a little gin ,iij a- red silk dress
The llader Mexicans are very poor, indeed, often not 'able'; to buy eofr
,00 or sugar, tod I often wonder where ' the : get such nice slothes
‘ for the women' sad. children to dress up in* Perhaps the t?basi cl ot&ew
are .'handed down from generation, and only '.used on ..very state oc¬
casions , " such as this*; for instance. 'Solo - was evidently a dress
review parade.

W© went over to see Pilipita Mr os Trujillo. Suitemez, and
her little Carlo ti, who was. named for os. FI dipt ta -had evidently
heard; we here coding Tor she was dressed up, ten, 1 n a white silk
dress triced . in colored wools. Ste nod a nice little hud house,
and it was as clean As two hands’ could make it. ,1 must diserib©
her floor covering, for she had innumerable rugs, one was quite
A' large one. The f oundetioh. was canvas, 'and ’had. figure a cut
from many kinds of material and.hppllqued on-- scraps of nave jo
blanket, Brussels carpet, corduroy, velvet, velveteen. Another
rug was -sad© of circles, in layers, each layer ’ smaller than' the
one below it. It reminded, one' of a nage penwiper* It was pret¬
ty but i* d want it there no .one would stumble over it*

Oarlota was a win a one little girl with the tightest of lit¬
tle pig-tails over each ear, and the brightest of orange -dresses
on her little self* A kitten appeared in the .“doorway as", we -sat -
there- -the blackest! add. thinnest kitten I believe I ever saw. An
un forge table cat* Its hair was wiry tod stuck out all over, mak¬
ing it look exactly like our smallest separator brush.

’■ A pair of swallows had a’nestful of youngsters directly over .
my head* They noticed right away, that there .were, strangers' in
the house, end would' feed their babies no more vdiiie we were there,
but sat on picture frames and watched our every,, movement, taie
sat on the. frame of a very good print of Sichol’ a Madonna?* which

^faef dz^h-sl'S K$£$bm us quite a spread. Goat meat, eggs, hot cake 9
gqatechcese, coffees-.- I couldri^t edt very much, for the meat was
tough, the-' were made of flour and water only, and the cheese
hri ':ve>-/ ah axle, grease box.

28

Appendix 4: Photographs, notebook entries, and selected poems

29

30

Charlotte and sweetpeas

Charlotte and Julia

Paul and Charlotte

Charlotte and tray

31

■

First woman to ski in the Sandias

Charlotte rural delivery on Tom six miles from home

Satin smooth skin ashine, black eyes adancing”

Augie and Frank

32

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r . ii4

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33

34

35

Selected Poems

¥ .

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&*t -**+* <>£*£ (7

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$£//JLzaa-~' '&£*sui'

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-«—* '“'’f' ■ -iA ""y?-

y&e7&£ *&- ^rAtf fit?*

•*,V* SUSi H? «

Hidden

I have turned the key
On an old desire
Left it in a room
Where there is no fire

Left it all alone
Windowless and damp
A very old desire
Without food or lamp.

Surely it has died
In so dull a place
Died as does a stem
In a shallow vase

Yet I may not rest
For the ceaseless call
Coming from a thing
Hid behind a wall.

Little Leaves

1 love the little leaves
That duck and dance with spring,
Each newly varnished face
A challenge to despair;

I love the little leaves
Their measured murmuring
Each in its high-hung place
A laughing link of prayer

I love the little leaves
Content to sway and swing,

Like bits of bright green lace
Against the naked air.

36

The Magician

Life has such a subtle way
Of forming roses out of clay;

Of taking tears that seemed in vain
And making of them April rain;

Of getting from a heedless rafter
Echoes of dead bits of laughter;

Of welding in a sunset sea
Lost lovliness and imagery;

Of making out of crawling things
Butterflies with airy wings.

Life has such a subtle way
Of turning darkness into day.

Of bringing music, ocean old
To newness of a tale untold;

And then, grown jealous of its trust
Of changing roses back to dust.

Folly

The moon has made me weary
With its silver and its song.

Such ardor in an old thing
Is wrong, all wrong.

It should be limping silently
Across a leaden sky
Or grumbling at the cloud-hills
The wind piles high

It should be teaching little moons
The proper way to shine
Instead of singing sonnets
To each adoring pine.

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* T . y.

' .

\ V 4MmJ< j^***^- '**+

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<"4 ..A-'-ij

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37

References

Allred, Kelly. 2007. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names. Range Science Herbarium, Department of Animal and Range
Sciences, New Mexico State University.

Balcomb, Kenneth C. 1980. A Boy’s Albuquerque, 1898-1912. University Of New Mexico Press.

Cooper, Robert W. April 1991. The Remarkable Ellis Family of the Sandia Mountains. A paper presented in Socorro at the Annual Convention of
the Historical Society of New Mexico.

Ellis, Charlotte. Reproduction of Diary, November 9, 1908 - August 7, 1909. Courtesy of Robert W. Cooper.

Ellis, Paul. Manuscript of Tiny Tools. Courtesy of Robert W. Cooper.

Ellis Family. Collection of personal letters. Courtesy of Robert W. Cooper
Ewan, Joseph. 1950. Rocky Mountain Naturalists. University of Denver Press.

Sivinski, Robert C. 2007. Checklist of Vascular Plants in the Sandia and Manzano Mountains of Central New Mexico. Occasional Papers of the
Museum of Southwestern Biology. Number 10, pp. 1-67.

Standley, Paul C. 1910. The Type Localities of Plants First Described from New Mexico. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 13: 143-246
Thompson, Sherry P. January 25, 1991. Thirty-six Miles from a Spool of Red Thread: The Cooper LS Ranch. Paper presented as part of History
309. University of New Mexico.

Weber, William A. 2000. The American Cockered, A Naturalist 's life, 1866 - 1948. University Press of Colorado.

Wooton, E.O. and Paul C. Standley. 1972. Reprints of US Floras, Flora of New Mexico. Wheldon & Wesley. Ltd. Stechert-Hafuer Agency, Inc.
_ University of New Mexico Catalogue: 1893. Center for Southwestern Research, Zimmerman Library;

Interviews and Personal Correspondence

Cooper, Robert W. Personal interviews March 21, 2005 & December 15, 2006 . Telephone interview January 7, 2008.

Northcott, Dixie Lee. Telephone interview March 10, 2006, email correspondences April 2007 - January 2008.

Vermillion, Richard. Telephone interviews, February 17, 2007 & March 5, 2007; personal interview June 3, 2007.

On-line Resources

Family histories. http://www. family search, ore

Virtual Herbarium MO. http://mobot.oro/W3T/search/vast.html

Virtual Herbarium NY. http://sciweb.nvbg.ora/science2/hcol/allvasc/index.asp

Virtual Herbarium US. http://acsmith.si.edu/emuwebotweb/pages/nmnh/bot/Ouerv.php

Other Resources

Herbaria and databases. NMC, NMCR, and UNM

38

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete
collection information and disposition of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk

(*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Rob Strahan [P O Box 522, Mesilla, NM 88046]

Phemeranthus calycinus (Engelmann) Kiger (Portulacaceae, large-flowered flameflower): Roosevelt
County: BLM North Bluit Prairie Chicken Area, about 12 miles due east of Milnesand, N33°38.663
W103°8.739, shin-oak sandy swales with little bluestem, 4061 ft, 8 June 2007, R. Strahan 1 1 50
(NMCR). [This species was reported incidentally for New Mexico by Bogle (Journal of the Arnold
Arboretum 50:566-598. 1 969) and Kiger (Flora of North America, vol. 4:492. 2003), both without
specimen citation or locality. This report gives the first published documented occurrence of this
species in New Mexico.]

— Kelly Allred [Dept Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003]
*Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold (Asteraceae, mouse-ear cress): Eddy County: Artesia,

Sun Country Garden Center, 2707 South 1st Street, N32°48.926 W104°23.710, rampant weed in the
greenhouses, 3380 ft, 15 Dec 2007, plant sent in by county agent (NMCR). [Apparent first report for
NM of this widespread, weedy annual from Eurasia. I have also observed it in flower beds in Las
Cruces. One would expect this plant elsewhere, in moist, shady, weedy ground.]

39

LuES-THERT MERTZ
LIBRARY

MAR ?0 2008

NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

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New Mexico State Uni vers ity is an equal opportunity emp foyer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color,
religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.

40

IZ'1%

Number 43

May 1,

2008

A Newsletter for the floro
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

In This Issue —

• Yucca in New Mexico
. 1

• Keeping a field journal
. 5

• Botanical Literature of

Interest . 7

• Plant Reports . 7

• Diaereses . 8

Some Observations on the Dry, Dehiscent-fruited
Yuccas in New Mexico

Robert Sivinski

New Mexico Forestry Division, P O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504

The relatively wet winter and spring months of 2007 produced a magnificent early summer dis¬
play of Yucca flowers that inspired me to look more closely at this genus than 1 have ever done before dur¬
ing my travels throughout the State of New Mexico. After reviewing the literature and viewing many New
Mexico Yucca populations and herbarium specimens, I find the taxonomic circumscriptions and geographic
distributions of dry, dehiscent-fruited species in the section Chaenocarpa are still poorly understood and
often misapplied in New Mexico1. Unfortunately, most herbarium specimens are inadequate for the study
of the dry, dehiscent-fruited yuccas. What are needed are regional population surveys and very broad cir¬
cumscriptions of taxa that tolerate variability within regions and populations. The following observations
and opinions may be helpful as New Mexican botanists grope towards consensus on this difficult and vari¬
able group of plants that represent (in part) our official state flower.

All of our dry, dehiscent-fruited yuccas have narrow leaves with smooth, filiferqus margins sepa¬
rating into thread-like fibers. Leaf width and shape are consistently useful characteristics for distinguishing
only two taxa from the larger group of New Mexican taxa. The leaves of both Yucca neopiexicana Wooton
& Standley and Yucca harrimaniae Trelease are narrowly lanceolate, relatively wide (1-2 cm), and are
obviously concave on the upper surface and correspondingly convex on the lower surface (concavo-
convex). The remaining New Mexican species of dehiscent-fruited yuccas have narrower leaves that are
linear or linear-lanceolate, and are not, or less obviously, concave on upper surface though still markedly
convex on the lower surface (plano-convex) especially near the middle of the leaf.

Yucca neomexicana is a distinctive endemic to rocky hills and escarpments in Union, Harding,
eastern Colfax, eastern Mora, and northern San Miguel counties. It is an acaulescent. relatively broad¬
leaved yucca with a tall, racemose inflorescence that begins just above, or well beyond, the leaf tips. Occa¬
sional plants have short branches at the proximal nodes of the inflorescence and thesp are more frequent in
the southern part of its range. Likewise, the purple color suffusing the outer surface of the outer tepals is
darker and more obvious in the south than in the north of its range. Yucca neomexicana is sympatric with
Yucca glauca Nuttall, but 1 have not seen any apparent hybrids between these species.

Yucca harrimaniae is very rare in New Mexico and 1 am not personally familiar with it in the
field. 1 have seen only two UNM herbarium specimens of Y. harrimaniae from New Mexico with very
wide (1.5 cm), leaf material and lacking flowers or inflorescence. A few collections have been made on
sandstone bluffs to the north and northwest of Farmington in San Juan County (Ken Heil, personal commu¬
nication) and southern McKinley County near Dalton Pass (Wagner 2054 UNM). Reveal (Cronquist et al.
1977) reduced neomexicana to a variety of the more variable Y. harrimaniae. Other recent authors (Clary
1997, Hess and Robbins 2002) maintain them as distinct, allopatric species that are geographically sepa¬
rated by the southern Rocky Mountains. Yucca neomexicana is apparently distinguished from Y. harrima¬
niae only by its longer scapes, but I have not seen the range of variation in Y. harrimaniae populations
north and west of New Mexico, so have no opinion on this ranking. Jennings (San Juan Basin Flora, in
press) believes that all San Juan River basin collections of Y. harrimaniae are actually Yucca baileyi
Wooton & Standley, which may not be accurate for the New Mexico part of the basin since the McKinley
County leaf specimen at UNM is broad (15 mm), lanceolate, and especially suggestive of Y. harrimaniae.

The type of Yucca baileyi is from the Chuska Mountains near the Arizona border in northwestern
New Mexico. McKelvey’s subsequent type for Yucca slandleyi McKelvey is also from the same Chuska
Mountains locality and this taxon is generally considered a synonym of Y. baileyi. McKelvey (1947) had
included )'. baileyi in her circumscription of Y. slandleyi “except for the type collection”, which she consid¬
ered to be a hybrid with Yucca baccaia Torrey because the pistils on the specimen are so large. She failed
to account for the fact that the type of Y. baileyi was collected very late in the season when the pistils
would be enlarging into fruits. Neither Webber (1953) nor Reveal (Cronquist et al 1977) could support

(Continued on page 2, Yucca)

J^otanice ®st %JY(\XuxnUs quae '^egetabilium cognitiorem trndit.

— ^/linnncus

\'y/

w

Page 2

If

(Yucca, continued from page I)

her conclusion and felt the type of baileyi was typical of the plants
in that region. Only Clary (1997) has continued to use the name Y.
standlevi. T he name Y. baileyi is now most commonly attached to the
Colorado Plateau plants that are acaulescent (rarely caulescent with
short, decumbent stems) with narrow, often falcate, linear-lanceolate,
plano-convex leaves; short scapes with relatively short, racemose in¬
florescences beginning within the leaves or near the leaf tips; relatively
short, densely-flowered racemes; terete, white or pale green styles; and
capsules that are not constricted near the middle, or only slightly so2.
Some populations in the Chuska and Zuni mountains with dense
clumps of rosettes on subcaulescent branches have been named Yucca
baileyi var. navajoa (J.M. Webber) J.M. Webber (1953). This is a
distinctive, but sporadic variation that is considered synonymous with
variety baileyi by Cronquist et al. (1977) and Hess and Robbins
(2002).

Yucca baileyi is sympatric with Yucca anguslissima Engel-
mann ex Trelease. which is distinguished from the former by its longer
scapes that elevate the lowest flowers of the racemose inflorescence
above the tips of its long, linear leaves and somewhat smaller capsules
that are markedly constricted near the middle. Yucca anguslissima
also usually has longer, less densely-flowered racemes than Y. baileyi
var. baileyi. I have not recently studied the yuccas of northwestern
New Mexico, but recall seeing a population with these characteristics
only on the plains of western McKinley County. Hess and Robbins
(2002) also confine the New Mexico distribution of Y. anguslissima to
near the Arizona border in McKinley and San Juan counties. How¬
ever. Clary (1997) and Jennings (San Juan Basin Flora, in press) ex¬
tend its range east to Sandoval and Rio Arriba counties where the de-
hiscent-fruiled yucca populations combine characteristics of both Y.
anguslissima and Y. baileyi and often cannot be placed within either
species with any satisfaction. These more eastern populations begin to
resemble Yucca baileyi var. intermedia (McKelvey) Reveal, which is a
taxon confined to the plains and foothills of north-central New Mexico
(McKelvey 1947).

I have recently observed numerous Y. baileyi var. intermedia
populations in north-central New Mexico. It consistently appears to
combine the short scape (flowers begin within the leaves or near the
leaf tips) and densely-flowered inflorescence of Y. baileyi with the
relatively long raceme of Y. anguslissima. These plants are acaules¬
cent and usually racemose although individuals with branches al the
lower nodes of the inflorescence are not uncommon. The leaves are
narrow, linear or linear-lanceolate, and plano-convex. Flower tepals
are usually lanceolate-acute, rarely ovate-acute or obtuse, and the outer
tepals are usually darkly suffused with purple on the outer surface -
like variety baileyi and Y. anguslissima. The styles are always ochro-
leucous and usually terete or narrowly oblong. The capsules of inter¬
media are often constricted near the middle and vary between almost
no constriction and deep constrictions similar to Y. anguslissima' .

Yucca baileyi var. intermedia occurs mostly on plains and
foothills ranging from northern Socorro County to the eastern bajada of
the Manzano/Sandia range of mountains, then along the lower slopes
of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to Mora County and west to
Sandoval, eastern Rio Arriba, and eastern Cibola counties. Its type
locality is in western San Miguel County at the eastern limit of its
range, but it is most abundant and best developed in the middle and
upper Rio Grande basin counties of Valencia. Bernalillo. Sandoval and
Santa Fe Webber (1953) dismissed Yucca intermedia McKelvey as a
hybrid between ) glauca and Y. anguslissima or ) baileyi. but this
taxon covers too large an area to be considered a hybrid swarm and 1
can find no population with styles that even begin to suggest the dis¬
tinctive style characteristics of Y. glauca.

Reveal (Cronquist et al. 1977) resurrected McKelvey s inter¬
media as ) bailevi var intermedia, which is a reasonable combination

since baileyi and intermedia share the salient characteristics of short
scapes and densely-flowered racemes, and are not easily distinguished
from one another in northwestern New Mexico. It could have as easily
been made a variety of Y. anguslissima with which it shares long ra¬
cemes and a tendency towards constricted capsules. Hess and Robbins
(2002) maintained Yucca intermedia McKelvey as a species, but were
apparently unfamiliar with it since they misrepresented its distribution
as being from central New Mexico northeast to the Texas and Okla¬
homa border. This inaccurate range is probably the result of their mak¬
ing Y. intermedia var. ramosa McKelvey a synonym of Y. intermedia.
McKelvey’s var. ramosa is misplaced in )'. intermedia, which 1 will
discuss later.

Although it has been a common practice by local authors to
place Y. baileyi var. intermedia of north-central New Mexico into Y.
glauca (Martin and Hutchins 1980. Carter 1997, Ivey 2003, Sivinski
2007. and many more), it is not the Y. glauca of the eastern plains and
is more likely related to the dehiscent-fruited yuccas of the Colorado
Plateau. Pellmyr et al. (2007) sampled the nuclear DNA of most dehis¬
cent-fruited taxa for phylogenetic study with an analysis based on 4322
FLP markers. They found that the two intermedia samples from Va¬
lencia and Santa Fe counties grouped more closely with the western Y.
harrimaniae, Y. baileyi and Y anguslissima samples from adjacent
Arizona and Utah than with the Y. glauca samples taken east of New
Mexico. Unfortunately, the statistical support for this genetic distinc¬
tion is too low to resolve any phylogenetic patterns at regional or spe¬
cies levels, but does help to place this dehiscent-fruited yucca of north-
central New Mexico (intermedia) within a group of western yuccas and
not as closely related to the Y. glauca complex on our northeastern
plains. Whether intermedia should be called a species or a variety of
Y. baileyi is up to the individual taxonomist, but 1 am more inclined to
use the varietal combination with Y baileyi.

The shortgrass prairies of eastern New Mexico from the
Colorado border south to Tea County are densely covered with a vari¬
able array of acaulescent yuccas with plano-convex, linear leaves that
are frustratingly difficult to place in a particular taxon. The exception
is the high plains of northeastern New Mexico, which is only region in
the state where 1 have been able to find uniform populations of typical
Y. glauca. These plants have short scapes that hold the lowest flowers
of the inflorescence within the leaves of the rosette, or near the leaf
tips. The inflorescence is usually a loosely-flowered raceme, but occa¬
sional plants will have short panicle branches at the proximal nodes of
the inflorescence. Flower tepals are usually ovate-acute or obtuse and
the styles are dark green, short and tumid.

Traveling south and east from the high plains the proportion
of paniculate inflorescences increases until nearly the entire population
of acaulescent yuccas of east-central and southeastern New Mexico is
paniculate to some degree. The populations in southern San Miguel
County and Guadalupe and Quay counties are exceedingly variable.
Yuccas in this region can be densely paniculate at the proximal inflo¬
rescence nodes and racemose in the distal portion, while plants with
entirely paniculate inflorescences are becoming frequent, and entirely
racemose plants are rare. From De Baca County south to Tea County
almost all of the plants are paniculate. My limited observations of
flowers on the paniculate plants of east-central New Mexico found that
the styles are also variable, being dark green, pale green, or ochroleu-
cous and ranging from 4-10 mm long, usually less tumid than Y.
glauca. but generally thicker than the dry. dehiscent-fruited yuccas of
north-central and northwestern New Mexico The tepals are more |
ovate-obtuse or acute and less darkly suffused with reddish purple in
the outer whorl - like )'. glauca. instead of generally lanceolate-acute
and more reddish purple in the outer whorl - like the varieties of 1.
baileyi.

McKelvey:s type of ) intermedia var. ramosa was proposed

(Continued on page 3. Yucca)

Summary

Page 3

(Yucca, continued from page 2)

for the more paniculate yucca populations of east-central New Mexico.
The ramosa type specimen was taken from Torrance County at the
western edge of this variable eastern plains population of paniculate
yuccas and very near the eastern range extreme of the central New
Mexico population of Y. bailey var. intermedia. She also included
paniculate plants from De Baca County in her concept of variety
ramosa. which firmly places this taxon on our eastern plains. 1 have
not seen the variety ramosa type specimen, but the more revealing
photo in her publication is of a relatively short-scaped, paniculate plant
clearly similar to the acaulescent yuccas on the plains of east-central
and southeastern New Mexico. These eastern paniculate plants are
apparently more closely related to Y. glauca or other species further
east and south than they are to Y. baileyi var. intermedia. Therefore, I
believe ramosa is misplaced with intermedia as a variety and syno¬
nym.

Another taxonomic possibility for the acaulescent. paniculate
yuccas of east-central and southeastern New Mexico is Yucca campes-
tris McKelvey, which is also acaulescent, short-scaped, paniculate and
has green, thick styles. Most authors confine the range of this species
to a few counties in west-central Texas, but Martin and Hutchins
(1980) and Clary (1998) extend its range to Lea County, New Mexico.
1 have not made a field visit to the Texas populations of Y. campestris,
but the written descriptions and photos 1 have seen of this species are
not significantly different in gross morphology from most of our east¬
ern New Mexico yuccas. If our Lea County yuccas are if fact Y.
campestris, then this name might reasonably be applied to the millions
of acaulescent. paniculate yuccas across thousands of square miles of
our eastern plains as far north as southern San Miguel County and
eastern Union County.

Webber (1954) dismissed Y. campestris (and the acaulescent,
paniculate yuccas of eastern New Mexico) as hybrids between Yucca
elata Engelmann and Yucca constricta Buckley (of central and south
Texas) with their green styles suggesting the possible entrance of Y.
glauca into the hybrid complex. 1 can confirm that Y. elata is an influ¬
ence within our generally acaulescent, paniculate yuccas in eastern
New Mexico. This is evident in some occasional plants that have ei¬
ther short caulescent stems or relatively long scapes that lift the inflo¬
rescence well above the leaf tips, but these are regionally unusual. 1
cannot support Webber's belief that all the yuccas on the plains of
eastern New Mexico and a large area of adjacent western Texas com¬
prise an unstable hybrid swarm that cannot be taxonomically circum¬
scribed. These yuccas are variable to be sure, but are huge in number
and cover a vast area. They are unified by a common gross morphol¬
ogy of almost always being acaulescent, paniculate, and with relatively
short scapes that hold the lower panicle branches within the leaves or
not far above the leaf tips. With broad interpretation, the name Y.
campestris is available for the plants of this eastern region.

West of the Pecos River in the southern portion of New
Mexico most of the dehiscent-fruited yuccas fit comfortably into Y.
elata. This species is also variable in several characteristics, but easily
distinguished by its gross morphology of caulescent stems and rela¬
tively long scapes that lift the paniculate inflorescence well above the
leaf tips. The stems of Y. elata can (rarely) reach up to five meters tall
in some areas but tend to decrease in height toward the northern and
eastern limits of its range until it becomes nearly acaulescent. North¬
ern populations coming into contact with Y. baileyi var. intermedia in
central New Mexico will often have some individuals with short, or no.
stems and racemose inflorescence, but their longer scapes, loosely-
flowered inflorescence and shorter styles keep these within the realm
of the larger ) elata population.

Phylogenetic studies of the genus Yucca have resolved rela¬
tively monophyletic groups at the taxonomic levels of section (fleshy,
indehiscent-fruited Sarcocarpa; dry, dehiscent-fruited Chaenocarpa ;
spongy-fruited Clistocarpa) and the Chaenocarpa series Rupicolae in
Texas and adjacent northern Mexico (Clary 1997, Pellmyr et al. 2007).
Many of the remaining species within Chaenocarpa are not mono¬
phyletic and probably reflect incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid
diversification. Therefore, there may be fewer phylogenetic species of
dry, dehiscent-fruited yuccas than there are taxonomically delineated
species. Pellmyr et al. (2007) did find some genetic evidence of west¬
ern and eastern lineages that would separate the dehiscent-fruited yuc¬
cas in western two-thirds of New Mexico from those on our eastern
plains, but even these groups were indistinct and not well supported in
that study.

lntrogression between regionally distinguishable species of
dehiscent-fruited yuccas is common and evident where populations
meet, but the variations caused by hybridization and introgression are
more the exceptions than the rule. Too much can be made of these
obvious hybrids, which leads to taxonomic uncertainty and frustration.
Webber (1953) went down this path and determined that all yuccas in
nearly one-third of New Mexico (north-central, east-central and south¬
eastern parts) could not be identified as anything but unstable hybrid
swarms. However, if one ignores most of the variable details and odd
individuals, there are some unifying characteristics that can be taxo¬
nomically useful for these regional populations. To be useful, the tax¬
onomist must look for the morphological tendencies or averages in
populations instead of the often variable details of particular plants4.

Many of the dehiscent-fruited yucca populations in New
Mexico are in an evolutionary period of rapid diversification and are
unlikely to be sorted as distinct species for perhaps another hundred
thousand years. In the mean time, 1 am proposing the following key
that might be useful to taxonomists who would like put names to these
populations. 1 reserve the option to change my mind as 1 learn more
about these fascinating plants.

Proposed Key to Yucca Section Chaenocarpa in New Mexico

1 Inflorescences of population predominantly paniculate, sometimes
upper one-third of inflorescence racemose and lower two-thirds
branched; acaulescent or caulescent with erect stems up to 5 m tall

2 Population caulescent with short or tall stems; scapes long, lifting
lowest panicle branches at least 3 dm above the leaf tips; southern
part mostly west of the Pecos River . Y. elata

2 Population mostly acaulescent; scapes generally short, holding
lowest panicle branches within the leaves or just above the leaf
tips; plains of east-central and southeastern parts .... Y. campestris

1 Inflorescences of population predominantly racemose, sometimes
with a few branches in the lowest nodes of the racemes; most plants
in population acaulescent, some may have short stems usually less
than 5 dm tall

3 Leaves concavo-convex, narrowly lanceolate, usually 1-2 cm
wide

4 Scapes lifting lowest flowers of racemes at a population aver¬
age of 1 dm or more above the leaf lips of the rosette: styles

(Continued on page 4. Yucca)

w

w

Page 4

II

(Yucca, continued from page 3)

pale green or ochroleucous: rocky ridges and hillsides within
the high plains of northeastern part . Y. neomexicana

4 Scapes short in most of the population, holding the lowest

flowers of the racemes within the leaves or near the leaf tips;
styles green; very rare in northwestern part in mountains and on
sandstone slick rock . Y. harrimaniae

3 Leaves plano-convex, linear or linear-lanceolate, usually less than
1 cm wide

5 Scapes lifting lowest flowers of the raceme 1 dm or more

(population average) above the leaf tips of the rosette; racemes
(lowest flower to top flower) long on most plants, often more
than 1.5 times longer than the length of the leaves; capsules
usually deeply constricted near the middle, plains of McKinley
and San Juan counties . Y. angustissima

5 Scapes short in most of the population, holding the lowest
flowers of the racemes within the leaves or near the leaf tips;
racemes long or short; capsules constricted or not

6 Racemes usually loosely-flowered; styles short, tumid, dark
or medium green; high plains of northeastern part . Y. glauca

6 Racemes densely-flowered; styles on most plants terete or
oblong-cylindric. usually ochroleucous, rarely pale green

7 Racemes (lowest flower to top flower) of population usu¬
ally short and less than 1.5 times the length of the leaves;
capsules not constricted or only slightly so; northwestern
quadrant, usually in the mountains ...Y. baileyi var. baileyi

7 Racemes longer, most plants in population with racemes
near 1.5 times and sometimes up to 2.5 times the length of
the leaves; capsules often deeply constricted near the mid¬
dle; north-central part, usually on plains and foothills .

. Y. bailey var. intermedia

Notes

1 1 am guilty of this by misidentifying Yucca baileyi var. intermedia as Yucca
glauca in the Checklist of Vascular Plants in the Sandia and Manzano
Mountains (Sivinski 2007).

2 The descriptions of Y. baileyi by Welsh el al. (1987) and Carter (1997) are
unique in attributing pendulous fruits to this species. I have not studied Y.
baileyi in Utah, but all the dry, dehiscent-fruited species 1 have ever seen
(including Y. baileyi) have erect or spreading fruits. If pendulous-fruited
populations exist in New Mexico or elsewhere, they would be very unusual
and worthy of further study.

3 Capsule constrictions appear to be the result of yucca moth larvae feeding
within the capsule or the oviposition location on the pistil by the female
moths. A single yucca inflorescence can have capsules that are not con¬
stricted, constricted on ali three valves, and constricted on only one or two
valves. Therefore, capsule constrictions are apparently induced. Yet the
propensity for a particular species’ capsules to constrict under the influence
of yucca moths may have some taxonomic value.

4 Herbarium specimens of dehiscent-fruited yuccas taken from many parts of
New Mexico can be essentially useless unless the style shape and color,
gross morphology of the entire plant, and morphological tendencies of the
population are included on the specimen label.

Literature Cited

Carter, J L. 1997 Trees and shrubs of New Mexico Johnson Books, Boulder,
Colorado

Clary, K H 1997 Phylogeny, character evolution and biogeography of Yucca
(Agavaceae) as inferred from plant morphology and sequences of the
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal
DNA Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin i

Cronquist, A., A H. Holmgren, N H Holmgren, J L Reveal and PK Holm¬
gren 1977 Intermountain flora vascular plants of the intermoun-
tain west, USA, volume 6 Columbia University Press, New York

Hess, W J and L Robbins 2002 Yucca In Flora of North America, volume
26 Oxford University Press, New York

Ivey, R D 1995 Flowering plants of New Mexico, third edition Published by
the author, Albuquerque. New Mexico

Martin, W C and C R Hutchins 1980 A flora of New Mexico, volume I . J.
Cramer, Vaduz, Germany

McKelvey, S D 1947 Yuccas of the southwestern United States, part 2. Ar¬
nold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts i

Pellmyr, O , K A Segraves, D M Althoff, M Balcazar-Lara and J Leebens-
Mark 2007 The phylogeny of yuccas Molecular Phylogenetics
and Evolution 43 493-501

Sivinski, R C. 2007. Checklist of vascular plants in the Sandia and Manzano
Mountains of central New Mexico Occasional Papers of the Mu¬
seum of Southwestern Biology, Number 10, University of New
Mexico, Albuquerque

Welsh, S.L., N.D Atwood, L.C Higgins and S Goodrich 1987 A Utah flora.

Great Basin Naturalist Memoir Number 9, Brigham Young Univer¬
sity, Provo, Utah

Webber, J M 1953. Yuccas of the southwest. Agricultural Monograph Num¬
ber 17, USDA EJ

Darwin’s Journals and Yours

Brian Drayton

Reprinted from Hands On! [online magazine], Spring 2004, Vo! 27, Number 1

What do educators stand to gain from keeping a journal? A journal has
long been seen as a key tool for teachers (or anyone else) seeking to
reflect upon their practice and direct and deepen their own learning.
Because reflective writing in science is something that we increasingly
value for students, it's important for educators to understand it from the
inside out, by practicing it ourselves.

There are several reasons a journal is helpful: When you revisit some¬
thing, or even when you copy it from a reference into your notebook,
you are focusing attention on it. and each time you do so, you may
notice different aspects than you did before. Second, when you para¬
phrase or reword something, you have to transform it, and therefore
reexamine your understanding in light of other associations or thoughts
triggered by the change from, and contrast between, the "original" and
your new version. Third, keeping a journal may push you to try to
better distill or outline a thought, or put it into pictorial, numerical, or
graphical form. This is also a powerful way to test and strengthen your
understanding of the point at hand. Finally, if you are working actively
with some question, your cross-references to other entries, intermediate
statements, and tentative formulations ("What 1 think is going on here
is...") are a way to stimulate increasing depth and precision of your
thinking, and also are opportunities to ask, "Do 1 really believe this?
What's my evidence? What would really clinch it — or send me back to
the drawing board?"

For some people, keeping such a notebook comes naturally, but others
are put off by the idea. My own up-and-down experience with journal
keeping suggests that sometimes the problem is that, like any new
good habit, it's hard to fit journal keeping into your already full sched¬
ule. Perhaps you, like me, have found it difficult to figure out what to
put in such a journal, and how it really helps deepen and broaden
thinking. How can 1 move beyond pure introspection, or pure stenogra¬
phy, and really use this text as a thinking workshop? For starters, per¬
haps a good comparison to have in mind is not the kind of journal that
is used for personal or spiritual growth, but rather a scientist's lab or
sketch book.

While pondering this some years ago, 1 found myself reading a lot
about Charles Darwin and his creative process. In the midst of this
Darwin hobby, my wife gave me an edition of Darwin's notebooks
covering the years 1836-1844 (Barrett et al. 1989). From his notebooks
I began to learn some lessons that helped me think more freely about
how to use a journal as a too! for dialogue — not just with myself, but
with my colleagues, my reading, and the subjects I was trying to under¬
stand — both in my work with science teachers, and in my scientific
research in conservation biology. Between 1836 and 1844, Darwin was
reading, experimenting, and imagining ways to make sense of his field
experiences; he was working from the very detailed notes of his inves¬
tigations toward a theory' that would encompass the development of all
life, including Homo sapiens (Gruber 1981). In this grand endeavor.
Darwin's notebooks played an essential role. In them, he entered his
reading notes; observations of curious phenomena he saw in his walks
or visits to the zoo: interesting comments from friends or correspon¬
dents: and reflections, daydreams, hypotheses, and many questions.

Three qualities of Darwin's notebooks have helped me imagine how to
make my own notebooks more creative and supportive of reflection

and learning. 1 have labeled these three qualities diversity, freedom,
and cultivation.

Diversity

Darwin took in and wrote down things from many different sources —
learned treatises, scientific journals, word-of-mouth from cronies and
colleagues, personal observations, his father's opinions, folk wisdom,
etc. In this sense, his notebook serves as a kind of thematic memory,
keeping the manifold strands of his scientific imagining and reasoning
alive and available. A key feature of this memory is that it's a jumble,
with lots of different kinds of facts, ideas, gossip, notes, reflections,
jostling each other in no clear order, but just as they came over the
course of the days. Here are a few examples [page numbers in brack¬
ets]:

[468] Saw Humble [bumblebee] go from great Scarlet Poppy
to Rhododendron — [...]. Humble alighted on base of fila¬
ments & reached nectar =again=~ between them, hence quite
below stigma. & so avoided it. On certain days Humble seem
to frequent certain flowers, to day early, the great scarlet
Poppy—

[551] Sept. 4th. Lyell in his Principles talks of it as wonderful
that Elephants understand contracts. — but W. Fox’s dog that
shut the door evidently did, for it did with far more alacrity
when something good was shown him, than when merely
ordered to do it. —

[463] Waterhouse showed me the component vertebrae of the
head of Snake wonderful!! distinct!! — He would not allow
such series showed passages — yet in talking, constantly said
as the spinal marrow expands, so do the bones expand —
instead of saying as the brain is created &c &c

Freedom

Don't think about what "ought" to be in a journal or notebook. Make it
legible to yourself for future reference, but then include anything that
helps you work on the ideas you have in mind. Darwin's notebooks
contain solid facts, wild speculations, large and small questions, lists,
dates, and crude drawings that convey little to any other reader, but
were good enough for him. This is a reasonably good reflection of any
person's mind at work, and is just right for the working journal. Here
we find his ideas jammed together, feeding on each other, and co¬
existing for reasons that may or may not be apparent.

Very often, journal writers imagine someone reading over their shoul¬
der and discovering just how confused and trite their thoughts really
are. Darwin seems to have overcome that constraint pretty thoroughly!
Your journal is yours, it is an extension of your own thinking in the
same way a hammer extends the power of your hand. Write for your¬
self only.

[466] My view of character being inherited at corresponding
age & sex. opposed by cantering horses having colts which
can canter — & DOGS trained to pursuit having PUPPIES
with the same powers instinctive & doubtless not confined to
sex. — Is not cantering a congenital peculiarity improved.
Probably every such new quality becomes associated with
some other, as pointing with smell. = These qualities have
been given to foetus from before sex developed — Double

(Continued on page 6. Journals)

w

Page 6

If

( Journals , continued from page 5)

flowers & colours breaking only hereditary characters wh.
come on in after life of Plants — also goodness of flavour in
fruit — all affected by cultivation during life of individual.

|551] Plato (Erasmus) says in Phaedo that our " necessary
ideas " arise from the preexistence of the soul, are not deriv¬
able from experience. — read monkeys for preexistence —

[234] Thomas Carlyle, saw with his own eyes, new gate.
Opening towards pig.— latch on other side. — Pigs put legs
over, & then snout lift up latch & back. —

Cultivation

A journal requires cultivation, as with a garden — visit, weed, move,
plant, chum. fuss. A notebook really only becomes a tool for thinking if
you revisit it in many ways — if you write for yourself, you also need to
be a reader of your writing. Here is where the diversity and-freedom of
the collection become most valuable — when you revisit it with ques¬
tions or concerns in mind.

[578] one carries on, by association, the question, "one [or
what] will anyone, especially a women think of my face,"? to
one [or one's] moral conduct. — either good or bad. either
giving a beggar, & expecting admiration or an act of coward¬
ice, or cheating. — one does not blush before utter stranger, —
or habitual friends. — but half & half. Miss F.A. said to Mrs.

B.A. how nice it would be if your son would marry Miss.

O.B. — Mrs, B.A. blushed, analyse this: —

Darwin used his journal not just for recording, but also for interior dia¬
logue — as a way of coming to understand his own thoughts and learning
patterns. Darwin's notebooks are especially powerful, not only because
of the quality of the mind displayed before us, but also because we
know that for much of the time that Darwin struggled with his ideas, he
could not confide in anyone else. Darwin's journals are a great source of
insight about how to manage one’s learning — as friends' or colleagues'
journals may be, too. Ask around about how people keep their journals.
For a wider perspective about how people use journals in many fields,
see Fulwiler (1987). For a fascinating story by a teacher-researcher,
which gives some idea of how she uses her notes and journals to reflect
on her students’ learning, see Ballenger (1999).

Furthermore, it is important not to treat entries as sacrosanct. Argue

with yourself, add better wording, raise questions, put in cross- I encourage you to return with your own current burning questions to
references to later pages. In an area where you’re actively thinking, it your neglected journal with diversity, freedom, and cultivation in mind,
helps to keep track somehow of the layers of thinking — dating later and find your own way to make this ancient, simple, and reliable cogni-
comments. or using different ink, anything to help keep track of the live tool work for you.
twists and turns of the inner conversation. Darwin reread his notes,
added to them, corrected his own mistakes, added references and wise- References
cracks, and later ripped out pages to use in other notebooks. In the ex¬
amples below (and above), text in boldface was added at a later date, Ballenger, C. (1999). Teaching other people's children: Literacy and
usually in a different pen or pencil. learning in a bilingual classroom. New York: Teachers College

Press.

[466] Rhododendrum— nectary marked by orange freckles on
a upper petal; bees & flies seen directed to it— The Humbles in
crawling out brush over anther & pistil & one 1 SAW IM¬
PREGNATE by pollen with which a bee was dusted over,
[rude sketch of this] Stamens & pistils curve upwards, so that
anthers & stigma lie in fairway to nectary — Is not this so in
Kidney Bean. How is it generally. — In Azalea it is so. — In
yellow day lily, the Bees visit base of upper petal, though not
differently coloured — & stamens bend up a little.

[463] Bats are a great difficulty not only are no animals
known with an intermediate structure, but it is not possible to
imagine what habits an animal could have had with such
structure. Could anyone, have foreseen, sailing, climbing, &
mud-walking fish?

Barrett, P.H., Gautrey P.J., Herbert, S., Kohn, D., & Smith, S. (1987).
Charles Darwin's notebooks 1836-1844: Geology, transmutation of
species, metaphysical enquiries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University
Press.

Fulwiler, T. (1987). The journal book. Portsmouth, NH: Boyton/Cook
Publishers, Heinemann.

Gruber, H.E. (1981). Darwin on man: A psychological study of creativ¬
ity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brian Drayton is co-director of the Center for School Reform at TERC.

brian_drayton@terc.edu

Excerpts from Darwin's journals from Charles Darwin's notebooks

1 836-1844. Reprinted courtesy of Cornell University Press. ffl

Page 7

w

11

Botanical Literature of Interest

Adams. R.P. & S. Nguyen. 2007. Post-pleistocene geographic
variation in Juniperus communis in North America. Phytologia 89
(l):43-57.

Adams. R.P., S. Nguyen. J.A. Morries, & A.E. Schwarzbach. 2007.

Re-examination of the taxonomy of the one-seeded, serrate leaf
Juniperus of southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Phytologia 88(3):299-309.

Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2007. Generic limits of Dryopetalon, Rollinsia,
Sibara, and Thelypodiopsis (Brassicaceae), and a synopsis of
Dryopetalon. Novon 17:397-402.

Atwood, N.D. 2007. Six new species of Phacelia
(Hydrophyllaceae) from Arizona and New Mexico. Novon 17:403-
416.

Atwood, N.D. & S.L. Welsh. 2007. New taxa of Camissonia
(Onagraceae); Erigeron, Hymenoxys, and Tetradymia (Compositae);
Lepidium and Physaria (Cruciferae) from Arizona, New Mexico,
and Utah. Rhodora 109 (940):395-4 1 4 .

Brown, P.M. & S. Folsom. 2008. Field Guide to the Orchids of
Texas. University Press offlorida.

Cialdella, A.M., L.M. Giussani, L. Aagesen, F.O. Zuloaga, & O.
Morrone. 2007. A phylogeny of Piptochaetium (Poaceae: Poideae:
Stipeae) and related genera based on a combined analysis including
trnL-F, rpll6, and morphology. Syst. Bot. 32(3):545-559. [supports
the recognition of segregate Slipa genera]

Ertter, B. 2007. Generic realignments in Tribe Potentilleae and
revision of Drymocallis (Rosoideae: Rosaceae) in North America. J.
Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 ( 1 ):3 1 -46.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2007. Flora ofNortb
America, vol. 24 [Poaceae, part I). Oxford University Press. 91 1 pp.

Henrickson, J. 2007. New combinations in Philadelphus
(Philadelphaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2):901.

Kaufman, S.R. & W. Kaufman. 2007. Invasive Plants: Guide to
Identification and the Impacts and Control of Common North
American Species. Stackpole Books.

Herrera Arrieta, Y. & P.M. Peterson. 2007. Muhlenbergia
(Poaceae) de Chihuahua, Mexico. Sida Botanical Miscellany, No. 29.

Marlowe, K. & L. Hufford. 2007. Taxonomy and biogeography
of Gaillardia (Asteraceae): A phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Bot. 32
(1) 208-226.

McLaughlin, S.P. 2007. Tundra to Tropics: The Floristic Plant
Geography of North America. Sida, Botanical Miscellany No. 30.

Miller, J.S. & M. Gottschling. 2007. Generic classification in the
Cordiaceae (Boraginales): resurrection of the genus Varronia P.Br.

Taxon 56(1): 163- 169.

Nesom, G.L. 2007. Taxonomic overview of the Heterotheca
fulcrata complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1
( 1 ):2 1 -30.

Nesom, G.L. 2008. Taxonomic review of Solidago petiolaris and
S. wrightii (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 90( 1 ):2 1 -35.

Nesom, G.L. & B.L. Turner. 2007. Taxonomic review of the
Xanthisma spinulosum complex (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia
89(3):371-389.

Peterson, P.M., J. Valdes-Reyna, & Y. Herrera Arrieta. 2007.

Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae): from
northeastern Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 (2):933- 1 000. [*]

Pringle, J.S. 2007. Nomenclature of the spurred-gentian of the
southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, Halenia
rothrockii (Gentianaceae). Madrono 54(4):326-328.

Rosentreter, R., M. Bowker, & J. Balnap. 2007. A Field Guide to
Biological Soil Crusts of Western U.S. Drylands. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Denver, Colorado.

Spellenberg, R. 2007. Boerhavia triquetra var. intermedia
(Nyctaginaceae): a new combination and varietal status for the
widespread southwestern North American B. intermedia. J. Bot. Res.
Inst. Texas 1(2):87 1-874.

Turner, B.L. 2008. Biological status of Funastrum cyanchoides
and F. hartwegii (Asclepiadaceae). Phytologia 90(l):36-40.

Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2007. Bryophytes of Colorado.
Pilgrims Process, Inc., Santa Fe, New Mexico. 231 pp.

Turner, B.L. 2008. Biological status of Packera thurberi
(Asteraceae: Senecioneae) and its relationship to Packera
neomexicana. Phytologia 90( 1 ):47-5 1 .

van Wyhe, J. 2007. Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing
his theory for many years? Notes & Records of the Royal Society
61:177-205.

Wagner, W.L., P.C. Hoch, & P.H. Raven. 2007. Revised
classification of the Onagraceae. Syst. Bot. Monographs 83.

Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2007. Bryophytes of Colorado.
Pilgrims Process, Inc., Santa Fe, New Mexico. 231 pp.

Western, D.B. 2007. The southern high plains: A history of
vegetation, 1540 to present IN: Sosebee et al. Proceedings: Shrubland
dynamics — fire and water. USDA For. Serv. RMRS-P-47.

Yatskievych, G. 2007. New combination in Glossopetalon
(Crossosomataceae). Novon 1 7(4):529-530.

Zuloaga, F.O., L.M. Giussani, & O. Morrone. 2007. Hopia, a new
monotypic genus segregated from Panicum (Poaceae). Taxon 56
( 1 ): 1 45- 1 56. [segregation of Panicum oblusum into the genus Hopia ]

m

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition
of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Kelly Allred |PO Box 30003. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces,
NM 88003]

* Pennisetum setaceum (Forsskal) Chiovenda (Poaceae.

fountaingrass): Dona Ana County: Las Cruces, edge of cement
drainage ditch along Buena Vida Circle. N32° 17.618' W106°
43.8887 4096 ft. 1 5 April 2008. Jessica Dominguez 8 (NMCR).
[Although this is a commonly cultivated species throughout
southern New Mexico, this is the first documented report of its
escape to the wild ]

— Robert Dom [Box 1471, Cheyenne. WY 82003]

Salix nigra Marshall (Salicaceae. black willow): Quay County: Ute
Lake at Logan, north side ca. 1/2 mile above dame. 3800 ft. 13
July 2007. R. Dom 1 0302 (UNM) [This substantiates one
previous report for this species (Great Plains Flora Association-
atlas).]

¥

Publication and
Subscription Information

'The New Mexico Botanist" is
published irregularly (as information
accrues) at no charge. You may be
placed on the mailing list by sending
your name and complete mailing
address to the editor:

Kelly Allred

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or

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Available on-line at http://

spectre.nmsu.edu/dept/

welcome.html?t=rsh

Kelly Allred

Page 8

What’s In A Name?

[Ever notice those two little dots above the letter e in
some names of plants? Just what are they and what do
they mean, you ask? A recent proposal to amend the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1CBN)
explains matters — ed ]

(002-003) Proposals to recommend usage of the
diaeresis mark on the letter e (e) in Latin names

[Taxon 57(1) 314-315 2008)

Jacek Drobnik & Barbara Bacler

Article 60 6 of the ICBN (McNeill & al. in Regnum
Veg 146 2006) states that the diaeresis (e g , on the letter
e), indicating that a vowel is to be pronounced separately
from the preceding vowel (as in Cephaelis), is permissi¬
ble In fact, e exists in botanical Latin on purpose The
diaeresis mark plays an important role in botanical Latin
(!) It detaches some prefixes and suffixes from roots
which begin or end with the vowels a or e, e g , neo-,
pseudo- in Ficus neoebudarum Summerh , Pseudoernes-
tia (Cogn ) Krasser.; -ensis in Limonium larcoense Ar-
rigoni & Diana (2) The use of e indicates Greek origin
of roots of which names are built, e g., Greek aer- (“air”)
is not Latin aer- (“bronze”), Greek phae- (“glittering”) is
not Greek phae- (“brown, sombre”). (3) The letter e
could also differentiate the pronunciation, and it really
does so, when a Latin name is read by users of a language
in which it is possible to imitate the classic pronunciation
Simplified spelling is discordant with the original au¬
thors’ intentions The first taxonomists did use the diaere¬
sis in their validly published names (see for example
some Linnaean names Aloe L 1753, Sp PI 319-323,

Hippophae L , I c 1023-1024, and Isoeies L I c 1 100)
Omitting the diaeresis mark makes impossible the proper
understanding of the scientific names etymology, because
it deforms their Greek, Latin or Latinised roots Accord¬
ing to Rec. 60H.1, the etymology of names should be
clear Moreover, Rec 60A 1 states that names derived
from Greek should be transliterated in conformity with
classical usage Given this, the ICBN should at least
recommend usage of e (it is merely permitted under Art
60.6)

(002) Add a new Recommendation 60H.2 and
associated Eiample:

“ 60H.2 . For better understanding of names, use of e
is recommended in order to (1) detach groups of letters
ae and oe which belong to different roots, (2) distinguish
some roots derived from Greek: and (3) facilitate appro¬
priate pronunciation ”

"Ex. 1. Pseudoernestia , Ficus neoebudarum , Limo¬
nium larcoense, Aeranihes, Aloe, Isoeies is a better spell¬
ing than Pseudoernestia, Ficus neoebudarum, Limonium
larcoense, Aeranihes, Aloe, Isoeies, respectively.”

(003) In order to make clearer that the diaeresis
is permissible, amend Articles 60.4, 60.5, and 60.6:

Add at the end of Art 60.4: “The diaeresis on e is
permissible too "

Add "e or e ” to the first sentence of Art 60 5 so
that it reads: “... where the letters u, v, or i,j, or e, e are
used interchangeably ...”.

Add at the end of the second sentence of Art 60 6
(transcription rules) the clause: “French and Dutch (but
not Latin) e becomes e.” QJ

w

Cooperative Extension Service

Vi

U.S. Department of Agriculture

New Mexico State University

7^ 'Htto -7>UxUo

Las Cruces, NM 88003

William R. Buck
Institute of Systematic Botany
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, NY 10458-5126. U.S.A.

New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color,
religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.

If Ik Urn

A Newsletter for the f lord
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

In This Issue —

• Botanizing . 1

• Rogues Gallery . 6

• Field Books . 7

Frangois Crepin on Botanizing

by Lloyd H. Shinners [1918-1071]

[Thanks to Bob Reeves of Las Cruces, we reprint here Lloyd Shinners’s little article from Fran-
9ois Crdpin (1830-1903). Shinners’s translation was first published in The Asa Gray Bulletin
(3:65-76. 1955); then reprinted in Field & Laboratory (25 :65-78. 1957). This is a delightful 1860
primer on field botany. There will be those who find Cr6pin corny, sentimental, and too saccha¬
rine in his descriptions of the joys of field botany. Rather, they should wonder what they are
missing]

Late in the 19th Century the younger Hooker was led to exclaim to some of the botanical students of the day, "You
young men do not know your plants!" What would he think of the modem graduate in botany? Now one gets a Ph D. in
the science without knowing most of the plants he encounters every day. Chromosomes, statistics, fancied phylogenies,
current fads in morphology and physiology — about such things, like the modem major general, he is "teeming with a
lot of news," at least until oral exams are over. If he goes on to teach, it will be to relay the same things, occasionally
refurbished, to hordes of freshmen. The general student, though he have no intention or desire to become a professional
botanist, must nevertheless master the techni-calities of the whole professional field. A simple, direct, spontaneous inter¬
est in plants will not do; that is not Science. But to preserve him from extreme specialization, he may be compelled to
take "integrated" courses, "progressive education" courses (to what?), or "general education" courses. He must not take
up any modest, specific pursuit that he can go ahead with on his own, and that will remain actively a part of his life; such
things are old-fashioned.

No one has yet explained clearly just what was so bad about those old-fashioned ways. Amateur naturalists of the
past century contrib-uted heavily to the great research collections in our museums, and very many of them carried on
worthy research among themselves. Their avocations were useful and beneficial both to themselves and to others; they
were not merely devices to waste time. Today in America the amateur naturalist is nearing extinction. Part of this may be
laid to the social trends of the times: to the rise of spectator sports and mass entertainments of a passive kind But at least
as great a share of blame must be laid to the botanical and zoological teaching of the present day. It does not lead stu¬
dents into participation; it deadens them with efforts to get across quantities of information and perspective that can be
really absorbed or acquired only through prolonged experience.

Formerly in Europe a number of great botanical exchange clubs existed, largely patronized by amateurs. Now, after
two world wars, only one survives. By two paths we can witness the realization of T. S. Eliot's flippantly grim declara¬
tion: "This is the way the world ends, Not with a bang but a whimper." Cultural impoverishment does not reveal itself
only in the direct results of bombs and weapons of war.

Francois Crepin's Manuel de la Flore de Belgique was published in 1860. Typical of the many local floras and
pocket guides published for most European countries, it reveals also the enthusiasm and enjoyment that botany once
occasioned. It is technically respectable and adequate, in contrast with the flimsy, trivial wild flower guides which serve
the American public of today. There has been an appalling deficiency of local floras in the United States — works of a
kind which amateur naturalists could well undertake. Is there any prospect of such works being produced in the future,
or has progress down hill already gone too far? I dare to hope that this resurrection of Crepin's words of a century ago
may lead one or two modems to attempt something of the kind.

The following somewhat free translation is of one paragraph of the foreword, and almost the whole of the first
three parts of the introduction. The remainder (covering the plant geography of Belgium, the nature of plant species, a
glossary, list of Belgian botanists, and publi-cations cited, as well as the keys and catalogue of species) has been omitted

Foreword

In publishing this work, it is my intention to come to the aid of the numerous pupils in our schools and
of our local botanical amateurs, hitherto reduced to employing foreign books in which only an incomplete
representation of our flora is found. The real desire to be useful has perhaps led me to presume upon my
abilities, and has inspired me to undertake a project which others would doubtless have elaborated with
better knowledge. While rightly attributing most of the imperfections of this work to the inexperience of
the author, one should still be mindful of the low state in which descriptive botany finds itself in Belgium.
Our weak-ness in phanerogamic botany cannot be concealed: it leaps to the eye of anyone who glances
over our modest scientific resources. We must all work with diligence, if we would raise ourselves to the

(Continued on page 2, Botanizing)

J^otnnice est ^cienJto ^flturolis qune '^/egetabilitxm cognitiorem trndit.

(Botanizing, continued from page 1)

level reached by our neighbors. They, I am confident, will look with
kindly eye upon our efforts, and extend a hand for the courageous exer¬
tions we make to rejoin them.

Botanizing

Everybody knows that botanizing means taking a walk in the
midst of the fields or woods with the aim of collecting plants, to study
them first, then to dry them and preserve them afterwards in a herbar¬
ium.

At the start of his botanical studies, the beginner should limit him¬
self to walks in the immediate neighborhood where he lives. There, in a
quite limited area, along roadsides, in the shade of hedgerows, in fields,
meadows and woods, he will encounter many unknown plants which
will occupy all leisure time during the first year of study.

In his first botanical excursions, he should be restrained and con¬
tent himself with a few plants which are not com-pletely strange to
him, and of which he knows the common names. Frequently, at the
locality of his collecting, in the midst of a meadow or under the shade
of a tree, he will stop, and, seated on the grass or on a bed of moss, will
try to identify the flowers he has collected. His botany manual open on
his knees, all absorbed in analyzing the different parts of a plant, pull¬
ing apart the petals and stamens, dissecting the fruit with his pocket
knife, and examining all these structures with naked eye or with the aid
of a lens, he will force himself to work through the key characters,
couplet by couplet, which will lead him to the name of the species.
With a little attention and patience, he will succeed fairly often in his
first attempts at determination. What will his joy not be, to return home
with a fist full of flowers that he has finally been able to name! Who is
the botanist, now old, who does not recall with pleasure his earliest
identifications, made out in the field, and does not remember how
proud he was at being able to name an anemone, a butter-cup, or a
spring Draba among the other mustards? Who is there who has lost all
memory of those first days when he began to babble scientific jargon
and talk of stamens, pistil, corolla, cauline leaves and radical leaves?

Back in his room for study, the apprentice botanist should care¬
fully review the determinations made during his ramble, and make sure
that the complete and detailed descriptions in his Flora apply exactly to
the species he has just named by means of the analytical keys in his
botany manual.

His first steps in the science will not be without some difficulties,
especially if he is alone and dependent on his own resources. That
which appears simple and elementary after a few months of work is
singularly obscure at first; the very words calyx, corolla, stamens, so
frequently repeated in the books, inspire a sort of dread. To gain an
acquaintance with the names of the first plants, every means can be
used: analytical keys, common names, books with illustrations, etc.,
etc. The first two or three dozen species to become well known will
serve as landmarks, to guide one among the multitude of plants which
decorate the fields and woods, and this nucleus of knowledge so pain¬
fully acquired will soon grow like a snowball. The first hundred identi¬
fications cause more difficulty than the next five hundred. If the begin¬
ner should fall in with an experienced botanist or teacher, his first diffi¬
culties will be lessened, for when he fails to figure out the name of a
species, he can turn as last resort to the knowledge of another, after
having exhausted all the means at his command.

During a year at least there will be no point in going farther than
the neighborhood where one lives, and since the excursion will be
short, one can, if necessary, do without a box for bringing back the
plants; only one should choose for his outings the hours of the day
when the sun is not too hot. The vasculum is often a veritable calamity
for the beginner, to whom it is distasteful to appear in the streets of a
village or town with this contraption at his side. After a whole season
of practice and short outings, the most timid grows bold, and one sees

him, the second spring, take off resolutely with the vasculum at his I
back, defying the raillery of his friends and braving the gossip. I know
one ardent amateur naturalist who did not care at all for using it. On
seeing the beautiful specimens in his herbarium, one would never sus¬
pect the method he found for bringing them back from the field. On his
walks, one would never guess he was botanizing, unless one saw him
stop suddenly before a plant and collect a specimen of it, then gently
place his huge felt hat on the ground and fill its ample interior with his
gath-erings.

The ordinary apparel of botanists is the cause of minor tribula¬
tions. They are often taken for salesmen, land surveyors, and I know
not what! Sometimes when you are busy in a meadow or at the edge of
a field digging up some plant, the owner of the field or some old shep¬
herd will drop by, full of curiosity, to watch what you are doing and,
invariably ask what good the plant is and what sort of drug or salve can
be made with it. Don't be at all dismayed at being thus demoted to a
mere herb-gatherer, and be sure to explain the purpose of your scien- 1
tific work: you won't compromise yourself at all, and your questioner
will leave with a smile, giving you to understand thereby that you
haven't taken him in. If the sight of a vasculum results in our being
taken for peddlers, of what concern to us is the opinion of the good
gentlemen we happen to meet along the way?

After this first season in collecting and determining most of the
common species forming more or less the bulk of the vegetation, one
can undertake, about the spring of the second year, to extend one's |
excursions for two or three leagues around. And only after the first year;
of trying and experimenting does one begin to realize that in order to
have a real acquaintance with plants, it is not enough just to know their;
names and to have dried scraps of them, but that it is necessary to study
them from various aspects, at different times of their life, and to pre¬
pare complete specimens both in flower and fruit. The use of a vascu-j
lum and small trowel then become indispensable.1 Before going any1
further, let us say more of these objects. For the vasculum, aluminum iS'
preferable to zinc, on account of its light weight. Its form is that of a|
cylinder with square-cut ends of elliptic shape. ... In the larger towns, i
one finds these vasculums ready-made at certain stores. . . . The trowel
is an indispensable instrument for digging up roots and bulbs. . . . The
botanist will round out his equipment with a stick of dogwood, hooked
at the end. The hook of this cudgel is very useful, either for pulling to
shore floating or submerged water plants, or bringing down branches of1
trees for the flowers or fruits, or helping oneself over trunks or stumps,'
climbing steep hills, or clambering among rocks. Further, this staff;
serves to test the ground in crossing bogs or marshes, and its weighti
renders it a redoubtable weapon in warding off attacks of the caninel
race, whose anger is sometimes aroused by the botanist's attire.

Before setting out on an all-day excursion, it is necessary to be
equipped also with a Manual or analytical Flora, a good route bookj
and a book for field notes. Too often the field notebook is neglected,
and I cannot sufficiently recommend it to the serious amateur who
wishes to know exactly the composition of the flora of the areas he
explores. These field books should be filled out right during the excur¬
sion, and the names of the species observed written right when they are
found. If one waits till returning to take notes on observation, he risks
making errors. Anyway, nothing is easier than to jot down in pencil asl
one goes along the names of the plants and their locations. If later or
one proposes to publish the results in a Flora or systematic catalogue,
he will have a valuable resource in the field notebook. It is only neces-jr.
sary to reorganize the many notes contained in it to have a faithfu
account of the territory covered. In case one does not wish to make use
of them oneself, these notes will still not be without value to sciencej
for sooner or later some botanist may have need of data on the distric'
or province studied. In either case, if one has failed to take notes o*
discoveries and observations, what complications will not present

(Continued on page 3, Botanizing,

(Botanizing, continued from page 2)

themselves, whether in publishing a Flora or in responding to requests
for information? Memory must sep/e, but she is deceitful, and details
found in the herbarium are not enough.

Apart from the scientific aspect, the field notebooks become a
fascinating record to peruse. In going over these long lists of names
and places, memories throng to the mind; one is transported anew to
the midst of the fields, finds himself again in this or that place, in the
company of friends with whom he has shared the pleasures of happy
labors. The dry lists are transformed into a detailed history, in which
are recorded down to the most trivial items the events of past days.

The book intended for notes may be of 50 or 100 pages of white,
fairly durable paper of small format. At the end of each season, it is
deposited in the library, and a new one started the next spring. The
pages of one part of this small volume are divided into three vertical
columns: the first for the names of the species, the second for the kind
of area and nature of the terrain, the third for the name of the locality.
The record for each outing is preceded by the date, and separated from
the next preceding by a prominent pen-line. It goes without saying that
very common species seen at every step need not be entered, but only
those judged to be somewhat common, rather rare, or rare for the area.

So now our botanist is ready to take off with tools and equipment
in search of the unknown. He leaves with the pleasant anticipation of
returning at evening, his vasculum full of interesting items. In his ram¬
bles, let him disdain fatigue, and not confine himself to beaten paths,
for, like a luckless hunter, he risks coming back as empty-handed as
when he started; let him visit the comers and recesses of the woods,
follow up shaded streams, and hardily climb up the cliffs. What to him
is weariness if, at evening, he returns home burdened with a precious
harvest? For some time his local trips will be rich in novelties, but as
the country becomes better known, these discoveries will become less
com-mon. On the other hand, he will more fully appreciate the value of
rarities which he happens to encounter. What emotion will he not feel,
after long and difficult search, to find himself face to face with a long-
coveted species, which he perhaps had known through seeing dried
specimens or a picture? He will experience the real and deep joy of a
hunter who bags a noble specimen of game, or of the bibliophile who
discovers a rare and priceless edition. If at such a moment he is by
himself, the joy of discovery will not be quite so full as if a companion
were there to enjoy it with him. Solitary excursions are generally the
lot of amateurs living in the country or small villages; in a town there
may rarely be two botanists to join forces in their rambles and their
work. These solitary walks have a tinge of sadness, but nonetheless
they offer certain advantages over those more gay ones made with a
small crowd. Alone with his thought, beholding the panorama of na¬
ture, and in continual communion with the objects of his studies, the
observer is ceaselessly led to reflect upon the laws which govern living
things, and to seek a solution to the countless problems that Nature
presents everywhere. In the solitude of the woods, in the midst of an
immense heath, the meditations of the naturalist are more connected,
and his thoughts rise to loftier heights than between the four walls of a
study room. Aside from that, the isolated searcher possesses greater
freedom: he stops where he sees fit; he studies a plant at his leisure,
seated against a tree or perched on a rock, and has no need to consider
the impatience of a travel companion. If he has just made a valuable
find, can he not still share his pleasure with his correspondents, who
will rejoice in his good fortune? Whatever the drawbacks of solitude,
let the botanist avoid, while botanizing, the company of those who are
strangers to science, or who pursue another branch. A botanist cannot

adjust himself to the pace of a geologist, still less that of an entomolo¬
gist. I strongly recommend to the isolated observer that he get in touch
with kindred spirits in the region. It sometimes happens that between
two neighboring districts two botanists, unknown to each other, make
excursions even to the same field, without suspecting the existence of a
confrere in the vicinity.

Let us go back to plant collecting, and review the various means
of keeping fresh the plants taken. During the hours of the day when the
sun is hottest, be careful to carry the vasculum on the shady side of the
body. On warm days, plants will keep better if numerous and crowded
in the vasculum. A good way of keeping them fresh is to moisten them
from time to time, and to keep a layer of moss or damp grass in the
bottom of the container. If ill luck should have it that there is a shower,
do not stop collecting under the pretext that rain-wet specimens dry
poorly and mold afterward in the herbarium. For my part, I have never
encountered difficulties in preparing plants that have been rained on:
in such cases one must change driers which have absorbed the external
moisture of the plants sooner after putting in press. Whenever, at eve¬
ning, one returns tired and hungry, and so less able to attend with
proper care to the preparation of the material, it is well to leave the
vasculum in a cool place or a cellar. During the night, plants slightly
wilted the evening before become refreshed like the botanist, and the
next morning plants and botanist function very nicely.

Before leaving for excursions of several days' duration, I want
again to call the attention of beginners to several recommended prac¬
tices, to help them succeed in their investigations and give an intelli¬
gent direction to their searches. A good route map (one pasted on a stiff
back and folded so that it can be carried in the pocket) will be of the
greatest assistance in becoming oriented in a region one did not know
before, and learning the names of villages, creeks and rivers. A short¬
coming of most botanists, young and old, is to follow almost the same
route in going to one or another distant point in their district. They
habitually stick to the same course, the same path, without wondering
if to right or left there is not a field or meadow which might conceal a
new species. It sometimes happens that for a whole decade one can
pass by a spot which all the while contained several novelties. This
eccentricity explains how botanists who are strangers to the area lead
you to finds which you have over-looked. So vary your itinerary as
much as possible, and take advantage in going to or from distant points
of the chance to cross a field or follow a hedgerow which has not yet
been inspected.

The use of a geological map is likewise most helpful. The ob¬
server living in a region of varied geological structure will notice early
the marked preference of certain species either for calcareous rocks or
for siliceous ones. He will be struck by the contrast presented between
the rich and varied flora of limestone hills compared with the monoto¬
nous and poor one of schist outcrops. He will want to know the reason
for these difference, and thus will be led to the study of plant ecology.2
The desire will grow on him to check on a geological map the extent of
the various rock formations of his district, to follow the continuation of
these same formations into neighboring provinces and even beyond,
and to see, by examining Floras of these regions, if the same species
occur consistently through the entire extent of the different out-crops.
This scrutiny of Floras of neighboring areas will furthermore lead him
to make new discoveries. Noting the regular presence of certain species
on rock types represented in his area only by isolated outcrops or nar¬
row extensions, he will make special visits to these spots, perhaps pre¬
viously neglected, and will quite often meet with success.

(Continued on page 4, Botanizing)

J^otnng is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants

— Annaeus

(Botanizing, continued from page 3)

The goal of the botanist-explorer thus becomes multiple: it is no
longer merely in order to obtain plants to study and to keep in a herbar¬
ium that he botanizes, but he will remember at all times to indicate the
type of habitat preferred by these same plants. To these two items will
soon be added a third; for, having seen right at the start that plants do
not grow indifferently in all sorts of places, he will suspect that the
preference of certain plants for this or that kind of soil, which is neces¬
sarily a consequence of the breakdown in greater or lesser degree of the
rocks or of their chemical composition, is often subordinate to a more
general influence, that of the distribution of heat over the surface of the
globe. He will thus be led to a general study of plant geography. . . .
Then his studies will acquire a greater significance for him, as he real¬
izes how much the data he assembles can advance our knowledge of
plant geography. In his own district, he may perhaps be able to record
the northernmost occurrence of a southern species, or the southernmost
occur-rence of a northern one. From a very local point of view, he will
be stimulated to cooperate in advancing the knowledge of the plant
geography of his own country.

A practice which I recommend to the collector is to abstract from
floras and catalogues the data they contain about the territory to be
explored, and to arrange the information by flowering time and local¬
ity. My work has often benefited from this useful practice. In order to
have the species better in mind, it is well to read the descriptions, look
at the illustrations, or examine dried specimens. If no flora has been
published for the region, check those of neighboring countries with
similar physical conditions, and abstract them in the same manner
noted above. If one botanizes without system — in other words, without
knowing its geological and mineralogical constitution, without any
notion of the composition of its flora, and without taking preliminary
notes, he will overlook or mistake a great many interesting species
which escape the inattentive eye, because of small size, or unusual
habitat, or resemblance to common species.

In concluding these recommendations, it will be worth while to
warn beginners against the fear of exhausting the field of their re¬
searches within a few years. Such a fear should not be allowed to di¬
minish one's efforts, for the more they seem likely to exhaust the area,
and the more the flora becomes familiar, the more it will become plain
that this fear is groundless. Finally, after several years, one will have
collected 800 or 1,000 species, with a certain number of varieties, but
there will still remain for study and collection those thousands of forms
which constitute the varieties and minor variants of the 800 or 1,000
already obtained. And there is no guarantee that among these thousands
there may not be still a certain number which are distinct but hitherto
unknown, and on closer study one may have the pleasure of elevating
them to the rank of species. These numerous forms are an inexhaustible
mine for the industrious worker. It is true that botanizing becomes less
interesting, and does not so often offer the chance to discover one of
those species vulgarly called Linnean, but it can be varied from time to
time by trips to neighboring districts where fellow botanists live. Dur¬
ing the favorable months of the year, small expeditions can be arranged
by two or three amateurs to distant localities. The hope of some day
making a trip to the high mountains or the sea shore, or to foreign
countries, may sustain the patient worker in the somewhat monotonous
task of studying home species in close detail.

This leads me to some remarks about trips made out of the usual
area, and lasting perhaps eight to fifteen days.

Before undertaking such an expedition, it is essential to study
maps of the soil, topography and streams of the country to be visited. It
is also necessary to go through the floras of the country, and enter sys¬
tematically in a notebook the data they contain about sections that have
already been thoroughly explored. Once the place and date have been
settled, one looks to the gear to be taken. As regards clothing, this
should be kept at a minimum, so that all can easily be contained in a

single overnight bag. Above all do not forget a pair of slippers, a most
welcome comfort after a tiring day in hobnail boots. The overnight bag
may likewise hold an elementary Flora, paper and other needs for writ¬
ing and drawing, as well as dissecting 'scope, a lens, forceps and scal¬
pels. It will be necessary to carry one or two presses with straps, and
enough paper for the anticipated collections. It is not wise to leave with
empty presses, in the expectation of obtaining paper on arrival, for one
might be disappointed. Even in a county seat it is not always possible
to obtain paper suitable for pressing plants, and the lack of it is even
more to be feared in smaller towns, where it is sometimes necessary to
stay.

I have assumed that such an excursion will be made with a small
group, and it is then that it offers the greatest attraction. I appeal to
other botanical travelers, to say if trips made in the company of two or
three friends have not left them the most fresh and charming recollec¬
tions. Do they not recall with lively pleasure those days when they set
out bright and early, vasculum on back, when they rambled across
unknown woods, meadows and bogs which promised to yield so many
new things; do they not remember with enjoyment the picturesque
scenes admired together, the emotions produced by the abundant col- !
lections; do they not find pleasure in thinking sometimes of those
noonday halts, made under the shade of an oak or on the turfy bank of
a clear stream, to eat out of hand some morsel carried that morning in
the vasculum? These memories are ineffaceable, and long years after¬
ward are still the subject of conversation among botanists.

It is better to leave in the morning and return at night than to di¬
vide the day in two. While traveling, after having seen to gastronomic
needs, it is necessary, instead of resting, to busy oneself forthwith in
caring for the plants collected during the day. It is a job which must not
be left till the next morning, for upon arising it is necessary to change
driers of specimens of the previous evening and preceding days, and
spread them out so that they can dry and be ready, by day's end, to
receive a new batch of specimens. After these duties, and before break- j
fasting, one takes notes on plants left for this purpose in the vasculum
the previous evening. Days thus passed in botanical travel are labori¬
ous, but on returning home, one has truly won the right to repose, and
the leisurely study of the fruits of his endeavors.

Collection and Preparation of Specimens.

Herbarium.

Plants intended for the herbarium should, so far as possible, be
collected in dry weather. Each one should be collected with all parts. If
the plant is herbaceous, of small or medium size (which is most often
the case), collect it entire, with root or base; if it is tall, the upper part
and some basal leaves will do. For trees and shrubs, it is sufficient to
take branches with a bit of bark. Finally, if the plant is a parasite, col¬
lect it with a bit of the species to which it is attached.

Do not confine yourself to collecting species in flower only, but
take fruiting specimens also; further, if the plant loses its lower leaves
before flowering time, take the trouble to collect rosettes in winter. The
species should be so represented in the herbarium that it can be studied
completely from the earliest leaves to final maturity.

Ordinarily a certain number of plants will necessarily be ruined by
dissecting for study, and it is always well to collect several: the best are
kept for the herbarium. If it happens that a species of one's area is very
rare elsewhere, provision should be made to satisfy the needs of corre-|
spondents. However, one should take care not to exterminate rare or
interesting plants at their localities. There are already so many destruc¬
tive influences that the botanist concerned about the future should
avoid impoverishing the area of his studies by unrestrained collecting;!
he should even be careful about revealing the stations where certain
rare plants grow to any but amateurs on whose discretion he can de-

(Continued on page 5, Botanizing)

( Botanizing , continued from page 4)

pend. To anyone conscious of the importance and interest of plant ge¬
ography, such a caution is superfluous. The botanist planning to collect
for exchange should select localities where the species occurs in abun¬
dance. A good way to conserve those less plentiful is to collect only the
tops, and not to take roots, bases or bulbs.

On returning home after each trip, one takes care of the day's col¬
lections. If this job is postponed to the next day, the plants should be
kept in a cellar or other cool place. They should be carefully removed
from the vasculum and neatly arranged in drying papers. ... In the
center of each sheet, place one plant, or several if they are small, laying
them out with care, and always without changing the natural direc-tion
of branches, leaves and roots. If the plant is very bushy, one may re¬
move branches or leaves; if the stem exceeds the size of the sheet, it
can be bent down at a sharp angle. One should not remove dead stalks
or leaves which may be present at the base of the plant, on artistic
grounds; these remains are of great value for study. . .

When first one tackles the job of drying, a thousand cares will be
taken: the petals of each flower are spread out with the most scrupu¬
lous attention, the leaves separated from one another by slips of paper,
etc.; finally a great deal of time will be consumed by a single specimen.
Drying under such conditions becomes a very tedious job, able to repel
the most courageous. Actually the extra pains are unnecessary: plants
tossed on the drying sheets, stuck in bundles, lightly pressed at first,
then gradually more strongly so, with frequent change of driers, are just
about as well prepared as those dried with minute care. With a little
practice, the drying of plants becomes easy, and one becomes able to
dispose of large numbers of specimens rapidly and without excessive
effort. . . .

Library of the young Botanist

He who commences the study of botany is often faced with diffi¬
culty in choosing elementary books suitable for an introduction to the
science. As if by a kind of fatal affliction, it is not at all rare to see him
assemble a small library of quite mediocre books, or even plain bad
ones. If he wishes to study botany as a simple amateur, the books listed
below will suffice him, but if he plans to delve more deeply into some
phase of the science, he will need to have a lot of other publications. I
have listed works in different languages, for nowadays it has become
indispensable to know several foreign languages: the scholar or the
serious amateur must consult the writings of botanists who use Ger¬
man, French, Italian, etc.

Elementary Works

De Jussieu (Adrien). Cours Elementaire de botanique . . . — A new
edition is printed almost every year.

RICHARD (Achilie). Nouveaux elements de botanique et de physiolo¬
gic vegetale. De Saint-Hilaire (Auguste). Lemons de botanique.

De Candolle (A. Pyr.). Organographie vegetale. — Physiologie
vegetale.

Lindley (J.). An introduction to botany.

Linne. Philosophia botanica.

De CANDOLLE (A. Pyr.). Theorie eiemenaire de la botanique.

Germain (Ernest). Guide du botaniste.

General Works on the Classification of Plants

LlNNE. Genera plantarum.

Endlicher (Steph.). Enchiridion botanicum.

Linne. Species plantarum.

WiLLDENOW (C.-L.). Linnaei Species plantarum.

Roemer et Schultes. Systema vegetabilium.

Sprengel. Linnaei Systema vegetabilium.

De CANDOLLE (A. Pyr.). Prodromus systematis naturalis . . .

(from Stunners — ]

Crepin's words are apt to be read with some condescension by the modem
reader who, especially if he is a professional botanist, may find them naive and
unsophisticated. But how many modems, even with a bachelor's degree, would
consider works of equivalent calibre to those by Linnaeus, De Candolle, and
Lindley, in three different languages, suitable for beginners in botany? Yet
Crepin was writing for persons who did not possess even the equivalent of a
high-school education (at least in number of years of schooling). I have at hand
a recent paper-backed booklet on American wild flowers, full of colored pic¬
tures, but with only sketchy and superficial descriptions, no keys, and not a
single mention of a Latin name. What would Crepin have thought of such milk
and water?

Late in the 19th century a sensitive English observer wrote that the United
States had successfully solved its political and economic problems, but not the
human one. Had Matthew Arnold been a botanist, he might have made some
qualification, for in his day at least botanical study worthy of the name was a
popular avocation, as attested by the wide sale of works by Asa Gray, Alphonso
Wood, and Mrs. Lincoln (none of whom avoided Latin names, keys, or techni¬
cal terms) to a public among whom college degrees were a rarity. Progress
within technical fields is easily mistaken for universal progress.

In the often repeated comment of a famed though fictional Belgian detec¬
tive, "It gives one to think."

Translator’s Notes

'in the distant wilds of the US. of North America, especially in drier regions, it
may prove better to collect directly into the plant press, and eschew the use of
the vasculum altogether. Also, a small hand pick or geologist's hammer, or a
heavy knife, may serve better than a trowel.

2"Phytostatiques" was Crepin's word; ecology was not to be invented for another
third of a century.

[If, after reading his translation of Crepin, you find yourself wondering about
Lloyd Shinners, I recommend “Lloyd Herbert Shinners: By Himself’ by Ruth
Ginsberg, 2002, Botanical Research Institute of Texas. In addition, I list below
“elementary books suitable for an introduction to the science” of New Mexico
Botany — ed]

Allred, K.W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3rd ed Agric.

Exp. Sta. New Mexico State University. 388 pp.

Allred, K.W. 2007. A Working Index of New Mexico Vascular Plant Names.
http://cahe.nmsu.edu/academics/rangescienceherbarium/a-working-index-of-
new-m.html

Correil, D.S. & M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas.

Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas.

Cronquist, A. et al. 1972+. Intermountain Flora. New York Botanical Garden
Press.

Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation: Past, Present, and Future.

Univ. New Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 244 pp.

Elpel, T.J. 2004. Botany In A Day: The Patterns Method of Plant Identification.
Hops Press, Pony, Montana. 221 pp.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North
America North of Mexico. 12+voIs. New York and Oxford
Harris, J G. & M.W. Harris. 1994. Plant Identification Terminology, An Illus¬
trated Glossary. Spring Lake Pubf, Spring Lake, Utah 197 pp
Ivey, R D. 2003 Flowering Plants ofNew Mexico 4th ed. Publ by the author.
573 pp.

Judd, W.S. et al. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach 3rd ed.

Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.

Kearney, T.H. & R.H Peebles. 1969. Arizona Flora. With Supplement by J.T
Howell and E. McClintock. Univ. California Press.

Martin, W.C. & C.R. Hutchins. 1980, 1981. A Flora ofNew Mexico. Vols. 1, 2.

Vaduz, West Germany, J. Cramer. 1276 pp.

Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2001. Colorado Flora: Eastern & Western
Slope (2 vols.), 3rd ed. University Press of Colorado, Boulder
Welsh, S.L. et al. 2003. A Utah Flora. 3rd ed Brigham Young Univ. Print Ser¬
vices. 912 pp.

Wooton, E.O. & P.C. Standley. 1915. Flora ofNew Mexico. Contr U S. Natl.
Herb. 19:1-794. ©

Who Are These Guys?

Can you name these botanists, and a plant named after them?

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Notebooks, Again.

From my continued preoccupation with field notes
and journals comes this extract from the field book of
Willis Linn Jepson, extraordinary California botanist of
the last century. More than 60 of Jepson’s field books
are available online through the courtesy of the Jepson
Herbarium (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/images/fieldbooks/
jepson_fieldbooks.html). The pages below are from an ac¬
count of a field trip on 15 June 1941, to the hills of the

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Publication and
Subscription Information

“The New Mexico Botanist" is
published irregularly (as information
accrues) at no charge. You may be
placed on the mailing list by sending
your name and complete mailing
address +o the editor:

Kelly Allred

The New Mexico Botanist

MSC Box 3-1

New Mexico State University

Las Cruces, NM 88003
or

Email: kallred@nmsu.edu

Available on-line at http://
cahe.nmsu.edu/academics/
rangescienceherbarium/

Kelly Allred

w

Cooperative Extension Service

V*

U.S. Department of Agriculture

New Mexico State University

“76e ico

Las Cruces, NM 88003

William R. Buck
Institute of Systematic Botany
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A.

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New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, w
religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. n

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IT % Tim

Number 44 " _ October 16, 2008

T?5 1

A Newsletter for the f lora
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

ISjSliSSshsI 4s£/sm&i,

In This Issue —

• Statistical Summary of
New Mexico plants. ...1

• Plant Distribution

Reports . 7

• Botanical Literature ...7

Second Statistical Summary of the Flora of New Mexico

Kelly W. Allred

Range Science Herbarium (NMCR), Department of Animal & Range Sciences
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 kallred@nmsu.edu

It has been five years since the first Statistical Summary of the Flora of New Mexico (The New Mexico
Botanist 28:1-7. 2003). Since 1995, when we first began keeping score, there has been an average of 34
new species recorded for the state each year. I take this summary from the recently published “Flora
Neomexicana I : The Vascular Plants of New Mexico (Allred 2008, available at lulu.com).

Group

Genera

Native

Species

88%

Exotic

Species

12%

Total

Species

Additional

Infraspecific

Taxa

Total

Taxa

Ferns & Fern Allies

28

83

1

84

4

88

Gymnosperms

7

28

0

28

2

30

Dicots

747

2503

325

2828

381

3209

Monocots

199

624

132

756

65

821

Totals

981

3238

458

3696

452

4148

Ferns and Fern Allies

Family

Genera

Species

Native

99%

Exotic

1%

Total

Species

Additional

Infraspecific

Taxa

Total

Taxa

Aspleniaceae

1

4

0

4

0

4

Azollaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Dennstaedtiaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Dryoptendaceae

6

15

0

15

0

15

Equisetaceae

1

6

0

6

0

6

Isoetaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Lycopodiaceae

2

3

0

3

0

3

Marsileaceae

i

1

0

1

0

1

Ophioglossaceae

2

7

0

7

0

7

Polypodiaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Pteridaceae

9

31

0

31

3

34

Salviruaceae

1

0

1

1

0

1

Selaginellaceae

1

11

0

11

1

12

Totals

28

83

1

84

4

88

Jgotmiice est ^cieotia ^oturfllis quae ^/egetabilium cognitioi'em tradit.

— ^innaeus

Gymnosperms

Species

Family

Genera

Native

100%

Exotic

0%

Total

Species

Additional

Infraspecific

Taxa

Total

Taxa

Cupressaceae

2

8

0

8

0

8

Ephedraceae

1

6

0

6

0

6

Pinaceae

4

14

0

14

2

16

Totals

7

28

0

28

2

30

Dicotyledonous Plants

Family

Genera

Species

Native

86%

Exotic

14%

Total

Species

Additional

Infraspecific

Taxa

Total

Taxa

Acanthaceae

10

11

0

11

0

11

Adoxaceae

2

3

0

3

2

5

Aizoaceae

2

2

0

2

0

•2

Amaranthaceae

9

26

7

33

5

38

Anacardiaceae

2

6

0

6

6

12

Apiaceae

36

59

10

69

1

70

Apocynaceae

5

10

1

11

3

14

Araliaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Aristolochiaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Asdepiadaceae

4

35

0

35

1

36

Asteraceae

135

577

52

629

92

721

Berberidaceae

1

6

1

7

0

7

Betulaceae

3

5

0

5

0

5

Bignomaceae

2

2

1

3

1

4

Bixaceae

1

1

. 0

1

0

1

Boraginaceae

17

57

4

61

13

74

Brassicaceae

49

101

51

152

26

178

Buddlejaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Cactaceae

14

58

1

59

8

67

Campanulaceae

4

7

1

8

1

9

Cannabaceae

3

4

2

6

0

6

Capnfoliaceae

5

15

4

19

0

19

Caryophyllaceae

18

53

13

66

3

69

Celastraceae

2

2

0

2

0

2

Ceratophyllaccae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Chenopodiaceae

18

43

20

63

10

73

Cistaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Cleomaceae

4

8

1

9

1

10

Convolvulaceae

7

40

5

45

2

47

Comaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Crassulaceae

2

7

0

7

2

9

Crossosomataceae

2

2

0

2

1

3

Cucurbitaceae

12

13

4

17

2

19

Elaeagnaceae

2

2

1

3

0

3

Elatinaceae

2

3

0

3

0

3

Ericaceae

10

19

0

19

0

19

Euphorbiaceae

11

69

3

72

2

74

Fabaceae

55

239

33

272

76

348

Fagaceae

1

15

0

15

0

15

Fouquienaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Frankernaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Fumariaceae

1

2

0

2

1

3

Garry aceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Gentianaceae

10

21

1

22

2

24

Geraniaceae

2

7

1

8

0

8

Grossulariaceae

1

io :

0

10

1

11

Flaloragaceae

1

3

2

5

0

5

Flelrotropaceae

1

4

0

4

1

5

Hydrangeaceae

4 :

5

0

5

4

9

Hydrophyllaceae

5

33

0

33

1

34

Hypencaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Juglandaceae i

1

3

0

3

0

3

Koeberlimaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Kramcriaceae

1

3

0

3

0

3

Larruaceae

21

29

9

38

6

44

Lentibulariaceae l

1

1

0

1

0

1

Linaceae

1

13

1

14

0

14

Loasaceae

2

20

0

20

3

23

Logaruaceae

i

1

0

1

0

1

J^otang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants.

— Annaeus

\7/

1 ixsfcfe fMv v<.:-

Page 4

If

Lythraceae

5

6

1

7

0

7

Malpighiaceae

2

2

0

2

0

2

Malvaceae

14

36

8

44

5

49

Meliaceae

1

0

1

1

0

1

Menyanthaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Molluginaceae

1

1

1

2

0

2

Moraceae

2

1

2

3

0

3

Nyctaginaceae

10

39

0

39

7

46

Nymphaeaceae

2

1

2

3

0

3

Oleaceae

5

14

3

17

0

17

Onagraceae

9

58

0

58

10

68

Orobanchaceae

9

46

0

46

2

48

Oxalidaceae

1

6

0

6

1

7

Papaveraceae

3

5

2

7

2

9

Pamassiaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Passifloraceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Pedaliaceae

1

4

0

4

0

4

Phytolaccaceae

2

2

0

2

0

2

Plantaginaceae

16

83

10

93

11

104

Platanaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Plumbaginaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Polemomaceae

11

58

0

58

5

63

Polygalaceae

2

13

0

13

1

14

Polygonaceae

12

76

13

89

11

100

Portulacaceae

5

25

3

28

2

30

Primulaceae

8

14

2

16

0

16

Rafflesiaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Ranunculaceae

12

60

4

64

3

67

Resedaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Rhamnaceae

6

14

0

14

1

15

Rosaceae

25

69

10

79

13

92

Rubiaceae

7

22

1

23

4

27

Rutaceae

3

3

0

3

5

8

Salicaceae

2

30

4

34

5

39

Santalaceae

i

1

0

1

0

1

Sapindaceae

3

5

0

5

4

9

Sapotaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Page 5

an

VI

U

Saururaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Saxifragaceae

5

25

0

25

0

25

Scrophulariaceae

3

6

3

9

0

9

Simaroubaceae

1

0

1

1

0

1

Solanaceae

9

31

15

46

6

52

Sterculiaceae

1

3

0

3

0

3

Tamaricaceae

1

0

3

3

0

3

Ulmaceae

1

0

1

1

0

1

Urticaceae

3

5

1

6

1

7

Verbenaceae

8

28

2

30

5

35

Violaceae

2

8

0

8

0

8

Viscaceae

2

12

0

12

0

12

Vitaceae

3

5

0

5

0

5

Zygophyllaceae

5

5

3

8

0

8

Totals

747

2503

325

2828

381

3209

Monocotyledonous Plants

Family

Genera

Species

Native

83%

Exotic

17%

Total

Species

Additional

Infraspecific

Taxa

Total

Taxa

Agavaceae

2

17

0

17

4

21

Alismataceae

3

11

0

11

0

11

Alliaceae

2

13

0

13

1

14

Amaryllidaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Anthencaceae

2

2

0

2

0

2

Asparagaceae

i

0

1

i

0

i

Asphodelaceae

i

0

1

i

0

i

Bromeliaceae

i

1

0

i

0

i

Commelinaceae

2

5

0

5

1

6

Convallariaceae

2

3

0

3

0

3

Cyperaceae

14

142

1

143

1

144

Hyacinthaceae

1

0

1

1

0

1

Hydrocharitaceae

4

6

1

7

0

7

Hypoxidaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Indaceae

2

6

1

7

0

7

Juncaceae

2

26

0

26

1

27

Juncaginaceae

i

2

0

2

0

2

Lemnaceae

2

9

0

9

0

9

Liliaceae

7

11

0

11

1

12

Melanthiaceae

4

7

0

7

0

7

Nolinaceae

2

6

0

6

0

6

Orchidaceae

14

30

1

31

4

35

Poaceae

118

301

123

424

50

474

Pontederiaceae

1

2

0

2

0

2

Potamogetonaceae

2

12

1

13

2

15

Ruppiaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Sparganiaceae

1

3

0

3

0

3

Themidaceae

3

3

0

3

0

3

Typhaceae

1

2

1

3

0

3

Zannichelliaceae

1

1

0

1

0

1

Totals

199

624

132

756

65

821

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition
of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Joe Ward [905 Deer Trail, Farmington, NM 87401]

Leymus cinereus (Scribner & Merrill) Love (Poaceae, Great

Basin wildrye): San Juan County: at Ward residence, 905
Deer Trail, Farmington, NM, riparian bosque along La Plata
River, 8-9 feet tall, 7 Aug 2008, Joe Ward s.n. (NMCR).

[An earlier report of Leymus cinereus was in error, the
specimen being Leymus racemosus. This marks the first
validated specimen known from the state. It is considered
native in that habitat along the San Juan River.]

— Richard Spellenberg [Biology Department, New Mexico State
University, Las Cruces, NM 88003]

Hpomoea cordatotriloba Dennst. var. torreyana (A. Gray) D.

Austin (Convolvulaceae, Torrey's tievine): Dona Ana

Botanical Literature of Interest

Alexander, P.J. 2008. Heuchera woodsiaphila
(Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Capitan Mountains
of New Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(l):447-453

Allred, K.W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular
Plants of New Mexico (An annotated checklist to the names of
vascular plants, with synonymy and bibliography ). Available at
lulu.com.

Heklau, H. & M. Roser. 2008. Delineation, taxonomy and
phylogenetic relationships of the genus Krascheninnikovia
(Amaranthaceae subtribe Axyridinae). Taxon 57(2):563-576.

Kindscher, K. & W. Norris (eds.). 2008. Proceedings of
Natural History of the Gila: A Symposium held October 6-8,

2006. The New Mexico Botanist Special Issue 1. Available
online at the Range Science Herbarium homepage (http://

cahe.nmsu.edu/academics/rangescienceherbarium/), and take the
link to The New Mexico Botanist newsletter, or hard copies may
be requested from Bill Norris (norrisw@wnmu.edu, or
Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico
University, Silver City, NM 88061).

Krings, A., D.T. Thomas, & Q. Xiang. 2008. On the
generic circumscription of Gonolobus (Apocynaceae,
Asclepiadoideae): Evidence from molecules and morphology.
Syst. Bot. 33(2):403-415.

Welsh, S. L. 2007. North American Species of Astragalus
Linnaeus (Leguminosae). Stanley L. Welsh Herbarium, Monte
L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University,
Provo, UT. 932 pp.

County: Las Cruces, N side of Telshor Blvd. 1 block SW of
junction with Del Rey Blvd., 32°20’57.4” N, 106°
45’55.5”W. Elev. 1245 m. Weed twining in shrubs of
commercial landscaping between parking lot and sidewalk.
Corolla pale rose-violet, violet in tube, the exterior
uniformly paler. 3 Oct 2008, R. Spellenberg 14069 (BRIT,
NMC). Identification confirmed via photos by Dan
Austin. [Appparent first report for NM of this central Texas
perennial, probably arriving in soil associated with
landscape shrubbery. I had been riding my bicycle past this
all summer noting that I did not know this morning glory;
making this collection showed why. I have not seen it
elsewhere in the area.]

_

Publication and
Subscription Information

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published irregularly (as information
accrues) at no charge. You may be
placed on the mailing list by sending
your name and complete mailing
address to the editor:

Kelly Allred

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Available on-line at http://
cahe.nmsu edu/academics/
rangescienceherbarium/

Kelly Allred

w

Cooperative Extension Service

Yf

U.S. Department of Agriculture

New Mexico State University

'Ha* '/Hcxuo

Las Cruces, NM 88003

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NSW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN

I

i

I

William R. Buck
Institute of Systematic Botany
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A.

New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, w 5
religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating, o ^ 3

4*-@-

„ w 2

u w t/i ni

A Newsletter for the flora
of New Mexico, from the
iange Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

In This Issue —

• C.R. Hutchins . 1

• What’s in a Name? ....3

• Nama in NM . 4

• Botanical Literature ...6

• Plant Distribution

Reports . 7

I

I

i

The New Mexican from Texas: Charles R. Hutchins

by Gene Jercinovic

One day in 1969, a forty-one year old
plant collector was working in the Bonito
Canyon area in the Sacramento Mountains in
Otero County, New Mexico. He came down
to his vehicle and discovered a stranger
nearby. The stranger said that he had noticed
plant presses in the vehicle and wondered who
could be collecting in the area. The plant col¬
lector was Charles Robert Hutchins, com¬
monly known as Bob, who a dozen years later
would be the co-author of A Flora of New
Mexico with William C. Martin. The stranger
was Donovan Correll, who a decade later
would be the co-author of the Manual of the
Vascular Plants of Texas with Marshall C.

Johnston.

Bob Hutchins was bom on May 26, 1928
to William C. and Exa Hutchins in Atwell in
Callahan County, Texas, about 30 miles east
of Abilene. After three years, the family
moved to a farm near Content, Texas in Runnels County, roughly 30 miles south of Abilene.

Bob started his education at the Content School, which had 4 or 5 rooms. Two grades were
housed in each room. The High School was in nearby Lawn. At the time Texas schools only
went through the 1 l'h grade. Bob graduated in 1945. During his high school years he was a
typical farm boy. He had no particular interest in science or plants.

He decided to go directly to college. He thought about becoming an engineer, but decided
on Agricultural Education. He chose to attend John Tarleton Agricultural College, a two-year
institution in Stephenville, 90 miles east of Abilene. There he met Imogene "Gene" Schrank. At
the end of two years, they decided to continue their education at Texas Tech University in Lub¬
bock, graduating in May 1950. The couple married in June.

Bob's degree was in Agricultural Education. In July 1950 he accepted a job as an Ag
teacher in Westbrook, Texas, which he described as "...a wide place in the road between Big
Spring and Colorado City." Throughout his college years. Bob had been active in ROTC. Dur¬
ing the fall of 1950, Korean War hostilities began to intensify and it was inevitable that Bob
would be called into service. The United States Army summoned him early in 1951 .

By February he was a soldier at Ft. Hood in Killeen, Texas, as a member of the 2nd Armored
Division. In July, his unit was deployed to Germany near Mannheim. Gene was pregnant with
the Hutchins' first son James and went to live with her parents in Hamilton County south of Ste¬
phenville. The 2nd Armored Division was a combat division, which had to be prepared to go
into the field at 85% strength on two hours notice. As a result, there was little opportunity for
travel or entertainment. In April of 1952, Gene and James were able to come to Germany. A
second son, Larry, was bom there.

The family returned to the United States in April of 1954 and Bob was discharged from the

( Continued on page 2, Hutchins)

Jgotanice est ^cicntio rolls quae ^egetabilium cogmtiorem trodit.

— ^/linnaeus

(Hutchins, continued from page 1)

Army in May. They returned to the Lubbock area where Bob
accepted a position at Cooper's School in nearby Woodrow. A
third son, Steve, arrived soon after. Bob also entered graduate
school at Texas Tech to pursue a Masters in Agricultural Educa¬
tion, which he received in 1957. At this point the family re¬
turned to Westbrook, where another son, Daniel, was born in
1958, and a daughter, Debra in 1960. Bob became a science
teacher and served for two years as principal. In 1962, he began
an involvement with National Science Foundation summer pro¬
grams at Texas Tech, which allowed him to study various as¬
pects of science.

In 1964, the family moved to Post, Texas (founded by C.

W. Post of cereal fame). Bob taught for 2 years, managed to
obtain administrative certification, and served as principal for 2
years. Meanwhile, he continued his involvement with the NSF
program and began the pursuit of a Master's degree in science.

A class in plant taxonomy under Chester Rowell particularly
stimulated him and started him on his lifelong journey in plant
collecting. He decided to do his thesis on the Flora of Garza
County'. Post, the Hutchins home base, was the county seat. He
made some fascinating discoveries in the course of his research,
a colony of wild orchids, peculiar in caprock country, an Egyp¬
tian lotus in a stock tank, and #1 172, a collection of Pilostyles
thurberi on Dalea , a holy grail for collectors in the southwest.

In the spring of 1968, Bob received an M.S. from Texas
Tech. 1 lis field studies of Garza County had given him great
pleasure and fulfillment. The humdrum routine of the school in
Post loomed ahead. During the past several years Bob's interest
in science and plants had grown immensely. He had become
involved with the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, going to meetings and even presenting papers.
Through his friendship with Chester Rowell and his member¬
ship in AAAS he had developed a relationship with William C.
Martin, Associate Professor of Biology of at the University of
New Mexico. In August of 1968 the Hutchins family decided
to move to Albuquerque to give Bob a chance to continue the
study of plants.

Bob landed a job as a science teacher at Monroe Jr. High
and Gene worked as a substitute teacher for the Albuquerque
Public Schools. Bob began taking classes at UN M. After a
year at Monroe he became as assistant principal at Sandia High
School. Gene worked towards librarian certification and be¬
came an elementary school librarian for the rest of her career.
Bob also started working seriously on a project he had dreamed
about since 1962. In that year he had taken a field trip to the
Sacramento Mountains of Otero County in New Mexico as part
of the NSF summer program at Texas Tech. He envisioned the
possibility of preparing a flora of the area. He worked on the
project for years, eventually self-publishing A Flora of the
White Mountains of Southern Lincoln and Northern Otero
Counties in 1974. Meanwhile, his studies at the University
slowed. His passion was plants. The curriculum required
courses like zoology and genetics, which did not interest him.

I le abandoned course work and devoted himself to the joy of
hiking the state gathering plant specimens.

Bob remained at Sandia High until 1974, when he moved to
Eldorado High. Then, in 1975, he accepted a position at the

Page 2

newly established Career Enrichment Center of the Albuquer¬
que Public Schools, where he remained until 1981. Next came
an assignment at Rio Grande High for four years. He then
transferred to Highland High, where he remained until his re¬
tirement in 1989. While at Eldorado, he decided to return, one
more time, to coursework at the University, this time pursuing a
Ph.D. in Education, which he achieved in 1979.

During the years in which he explored the Sacramentos for
plants. Bob spent much time with Bill Martin. They developed
a close friendship. Despite Bob's lack of interest in the com¬
plexities of phylogenetics, biochemistry and plant anatomy and
physiology, he and Bill shared a common interest in taxonomy
and the study of plant distributions. They had also built a com¬
fortable working relationship. This would lead to what may
have been the most significant collaboration in each of their
lives.

In 1958, when Bill Martin was hired at UNM, the out¬
standing figure in the Biology Department was Edward
Castetter, who became head of the department when he has
hired in 1928. Castetter had done much work in ethnobotany,
cacti, and general floristics during his career. In 1958, Castetter
was vice-president of the University, Dean of the Graduate
School, as well as head of the Biology Department, and, in his ]
mid-sixties, getting ready to retire. Castetter, in the twilight of a
distinguished career, had two remaining dreams, a treatment of
cacti in New Mexico, and the presentation of a new flora of
New Mexico. He told Bill Martin that he was more concerned
with cacti, and that Bill should consider adopting the flora pro- i
ject. Bill believed in the concept and started fieldwork in the
early 60's to achieve the goal. Martin and Castetter worked
together to assemble A Checklist of Gymnosperms and Angio-
sperms of New Mexico in 1970. The appearance of Bob Hut- j
chins in the late 60's provided the perfect opportunity to com¬
plete the project.

For the decade of the seventies Bob and Bill labored on the
flora. Bob contributed his Flora of the White Mountains and
did extensive field work throughout the state. Bill's graduate
students also provided much material. In the late seventies Bill
began typing the manuscript. Bob prepared all of the range
maps. Bill was approached by the German company J. Cramer j
about the possibility of publishing the flora. Section by section,
the huge manuscript was sent to Germany. Virtually no editing
was done by the publisher. The two-volume A Flora of New
Mexico appeared in 1980-81.

After the Flora was published, neither Bill nor Bob was
fully pleased. Bob summarized: "After we got through with the
flora, we knew we had left out a lot of things. We slipped up on
some things. We did not intend to put Krameriaceae in the
Leguminosae family, but we did." They thought about produc¬
ing a revised checklist, but after some 30 years of combined
effort, they soon lost momentum.

During the eighties. Bob continued his efforts in exploring
the state and gathering specimens of its plants, concentrating on
legumes. By the early nineties, he developed back problems
and had to curtail his fieldwork. In his career he collected
13,308 specimens. Of these 7479 were placed at UNM. Among
these thousands are two New Mexico collections of the elusive

(Continued on page J, Hutchins )

[?l

(Hutchins, continued from page 2)

Pilostyles thurberi , the only two specimens of this species listed
by the New Mexico Biodiversity Collections Consortium. The
remainder of his collections were placed in herbaria at the Uni¬
versity of North Carolina and Texas Tech University. Even in
retirement he managed to contribute. One day he received a
phone call. Bob recalls:

John Kartesz called me one day and asked me if I
knew anyone who had a collection of plant pictures,
because in his work he wanted to add pictures. 1
said, well, John, I happen to have a few thousand. I
sent him all my slides and let him sort through and
pick what he wanted to use.

The relationship lasted for years.

Bob Hutchins has done much to further the understanding
of the plants of New Mexico and their distributions. He was not
an academician. He was not one to publish articles in scientific
journals. He was a careful observer and found his greatest re¬

wards in the field, traveling tirelessly through the deserts and
mountains of the state seeking the new and the different. He
has often been misinterpreted. He was certainly tenacious in his
domain. He never saw himself as an authority or a genius. He
simply wanted to be a part of the botanical community and add
as much as he could to the knowledge of the natural world.

Bob Hutchins passed away on December 26, 2008. He was
first and foremost dedicated to his family. His eldest son Jim
tried to express his feelings:

"I cannot tell you how important it is to me and my
family that folks, whether in the botany community
or not, understand how much my Dad affected not
only our lives, but contributed to the scientific com¬
munity. I grew up as a son of this man. You get
questions about who you respect. It's simple; 1 want
to be like my Dad. He was the anchor in our family
for eighty years. 1 miss him and there are no replace¬
ments." ©

What’s In a Name?

Ever wonder about the rules governing eponymous plant
names (names honoring people)? Particularly noticeable is the
fact that the names honoring men have different endings than
those honoring women (long live the difference!).

Eponymous names are created according to the International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature, of which the most recent edi¬
tion is from 2006, referred to as the Vienna Code (available
online at http://www.ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm). Here we learn
that the specific epithet may be substantival (like a noun), or
adjectival (like an adjective).

Substantival epithets are formed by adding to the personal
name the Latin genitive inflection appropriate to the sex and
number of the people being honored. For example, we have
grayi for Asa Gray (gray + the genitive singular masculine end¬
ing, -i), hookerorum for the two Hookers, Joseph Dalton and
William Jackson (hooker + the genitive plural masculine ending,
-orum), and cloverae for Elzada Urseba Clover (clover + the
genitive singular feminine ending, -ae). This procedure applies
for personal names ending in a vowel or in -er.

If the personal name ends in a consonant (excepting -er),
substantival epithets are created by adding first to the personal
name -i- (a stem augmentation — who knows the reason for
this?), then the Latin genitive inflection appropriate to the sex
and number of the people being honored. For example, we have
wrightii for Charles Wright (wright + i (stem augmentation) +

the genitive singular masculine ending, -i), and eastwoodiae for
Alice Eastwood (eastwood + i (stem augmentation) + the geni¬
tive singular feminine ending, -ae).

Occasionally we’re fooled when we see an -ae ending,
thinking the name must refer to a woman. For example, in Cylin-
dropuntia k/einiae, we see all the trappings of a feminine epony¬
mous name — the -i- as the stem augmentation, followed by -ae,
the genitive singular feminine ending. We think to ourselves, this
must be named after a woman named Klein. It turns out that the
epithet kleiniae in this case refers to the genus Kleinia, which
was named after Jacob Theodore Klein.

Adjectival epithets are formed in much the same way, ex¬
cept we add the adjectival endings (-anus, -ana, -anum) rather
than the genitive endings, and these endings must agree in gen¬
der with the generic name (which is always in the nominative
singular). Thus, we have Astragalus emoryanus for William
Hemsley Emory (emory + the masculine adjectival ending, -
anus), and Corydalis caseana for Eliphalet Lewis Case (case +
the feminine adjectival ending, -ana). This procedure applies for
personal names ending in a vowel.

If the personal name ends in a consonant (including -er),
adjectival epithets are created by adding -i- (a stem augmenta¬
tion), plus the adjectival ending that agrees with the gender of
the generic name. Thus, for Augustus Fendler we have Cyperus
fendlerianus (fendler + i + masculine adjectival ending, -anus),
Aristida fendleriana (fendler + i + feminine adjectival ending, -
ana), and Eriogonum fendlerianum (fendler + i + neuter adjecti¬
val ending, -anum).

J^otang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants.

— innaeus

The Genus Nama in New Mexico

Robert C. Sivinski

Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department - Forestry Division
P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504

The genus Nama is traditionally placed in the Hydrophyllaceae,
which is a plant family that has recently come under scrutiny for
inclusion within the Boraginaceae (APG 2003). Nama is repre¬
sented in New Mexico by only six species, but includes one of
our most showy desert annuals (Nama hispidum ) and a very
strange-looking gypsum plant (Nama carnosum). Nama is
Greek for fountain, spring or stream. The significance of that
meaning to this group of plants is not apparent. The vernacular
name ‘fiddleleaf has been applied to many Nama species, but is
not morphologically descriptive or accurate for any of the New
Mexican species and is nonsensical.

Nama in New Mexico

1 Plants with evident woody bases

2 Stems one or a few from the base, branching above the
middle; leaves linear, strongly revolute, 1-3 cm long;
flowers crowded in terminal cymes at the branch ends;
corolla white; seeds brown... N. carnosum

2 Stems numerous, freely branching from the woody crown;
leaves narrowly oblanceolate, weakly to moderately revo¬
lute, 5-12 mm long; flowers solitary along stems or in
small terminal clusters, corolla pale bluish pink; seeds
yellow... N. xylopodum

1 Plants without evident woody bases

3 Stem initially single and simple then repeatedly dichoto-
mously branched, erect or upright ascending... TV. di-
chotomum

3 Stems not dichotomously branched, freely branching from
the base and above, clumped-ascending or decumbent
4 Stem pubescence with numerous short, retrorse hairs
and fewer longer, spreading hairs; corollas inconspicu¬
ous among the leaves... TV. retro rs um
4 Stem pubescence variously hispid, strigose or strigu-
lose, but none retrorse; corollas showy
5 Leaves 1 .5-6 mm wide, margins revolute - often
strongly so, variously linear-oblanceolate, oblong or
spatulate with blunt tips; calyx pubescence with at
least some spreading hairs... TV. hispidum
5 Leaves <2 mm wide, margins not revolute or weakly
revolute, linear-lanceolate with acute tips; calyx
pubescence entirely strigose... TV. stevensii

I he following distribution maps of Nama in New Mexico are of
specimens at UNM, NMC, NMC'R, ASU and from collections
cited by Bacon ( 1984) and I litchcock ( 1933, 1933b). Collection
details for most locations may be accessed at the New Mexico
Biodiversity Collections Consortium website at http:
nmbiodivcrsity.ori! . Chromosome numbers are from Bacon
(1984).

Page 4

Nama carnosum (Wooton) C.L. Hitchcock (Latin carnosum =
notably fleshy, possibly for its thickened leaves and flow¬
ers). Sand fiddleleaf.

Confined to gypsum substrates in desert scrub ranging
from the Tularosa Basin and Yeso Formation outcrops in the
south-central part of the state, then into the gypsum outcrops of
the Pecos River Basin in the southeast and as far north as Gua¬
dalupe County (Figure 1). Flowers June to September depend¬
ing on precipitation frequency, n-1 . [A. stenophyllum A. Gray
ex Hemsley var. egenum Macbride].

This is our most distinctive Nama species. The combina¬
tion of perennial habit; relatively long, linear leaves; upright
stems that are simple below and branched into dense terminal
cymes above the middle; and white flowers distinguish it from
other species. A more appropriate common name would be
‘gypsum fiddleleaf.

Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavon) C'hoisy var. dichotomum
(Latin dicotomia = dividing in two, for the repeated stem
division). Wishbone fiddleleaf. j

Occurs on a variety of sandy substrates and usually associ¬
ated with mountain ranges in the western two-thirds of the state
(Figure 1). Often a plant of pinon-juniper-oak woodlands and
savannas, but may also occur at higher elevations on the thin
soils of rock outcrops in subalpine forest, such as Sandia Crest
in Bernalillo County and Hermit Peak in San Miguel County.
Flowers late July through September. n= 14. [A. angustifolium
(A. Gray) A. Nelson; A. tenue (Wooton & Standley) Tidestrom]
This late summer annual is readily distinguished by its
erect stems that repeatedly and dichotomously divide into wiry
branches. Small, depauperate individuals may have only a short,
simple stem. Normal branched individuals usually have flowers
in even the lowest branch axils making the entire above-ground
plant a cymose dichasium that branches indeterminately until
the plant dies. Corollas are relatively small, 4-6 mm long, and
can be pale pink-violet, pink or white.

Nama hispidum A. Gray var. hispidum (Latin hispidus = bris¬
tly, for the stiff hairs on the calyx). Sandbells, bristly
nama.

Sandy and coarse gravelly soils in arid shrub land and
grassland, occasionally at elevations as high as pinon-juniper
woodland. Distributed nearly state-wide at lower elevations.
Frequently collected in the middle and lower Rio Grande Basin,
but under-collected in some areas such as northeastern New
Mexico (Figure 2). Schiebout (2006) reports this species for
Colfax, Quay and San Miguel counties. Flowers in spring or
summer, and may bloom all summer during favorable years.
n=7. [Marilaunidium foliosum Wooton & Standley; A. hispidum
var. mentzelii Brand; A. hispidum var. spathulatum (Torrey)

C.L. Hitchcock]

Usually an annual, but may overwinter as a rosette of
leaves, then flower in the spring. This is the most common and
variable Nama species in our flora. A few of the named varieties I
seem worthy of taxonomic recognition, however, their character
states can become recombined in other populations making the

(Continued on page 5, Nama) \

Page 5

( Nama , continued from page 4)

New Mexican circumscriptions of infraspecific taxa impractical.
Most New Mexico populations have ascending stems; narrow,
strongly revolute leaves; and medium pink-violet (purple) co¬
rolla limbs that are usually 5-8 mm wide (sometimes to 10 mm
wide). A variation in Chaves, Eddy and Lincoln counties is
noteworthy for its relatively broad elliptic or spatulate stem
leaves that are only weakly revolute on the margins. The type
specimen of Marilaunidium foliositm came from this form.

Another unusual variant are the plants with decumbent
stems in Hidalgo County, which can be seen on the sandy mar¬
gins of the Hachita Playa. These have relatively large 10 mm
wide corolla limbs that initially emerge as dark purple, quickly
fade to medium purple, and finally to a pale pink that is almost
white. The tri-colored mounds produced by all three flower col¬
ors occurring on each plant present an unusual floral display for
this species. This population needs further study and compari¬
son with N. hispidum variants in Sonora.

Nama retrorsum J.T. Howell (Latin retrorsus = bent backward
or downward, for the small retrorse hairs on the stem).
Betatakin fiddleleaf.

Northwestern quadrant of the state (Figure 3) on deep
sands of arroyos or stable dunes in desert scrub or pinon-juniper
woodland. This plant occurs in widely scattered populations and
is infrequently collected in New Mexico. Flowers from June to
October during years of favorable precipitation. n=7.

Summer annual that flowers until autumn when rainfall is
favorable. The earliest flowers are small and inconspicuous
among the leaves. Autumn flowers on the same plants are some¬
what larger and more conspicuous. Corolla color is medium to
dark purple.

Nama stevensii C.L. Hitchcock var. stevensii (for George Wal¬
ter Stevens [1868-1936], biology teacher and Director of
the 1913 Oklahoma Botanical Survey). Stevens’ fiddleleaf.
Southeastern quadrant of the State (Figure 3) on sandy
gypsum substrates in the desert scrub and arid grasslands of the
Pecos River basin. This plant occurs in widely scattered popula¬
tions and is infrequently collected in New Mexico. Flowers
spring and summer. n=7.

Annual or short-lived perennial plants that do not develop
a woody crown or caudex. Very similar to N. hispidum , but dis¬
tinguished by its strigose calyx and narrow, acute leaves that are
weakly revolute. Corolla is medium purple and showy, but not
as broad as some of the large-flowered variants of N. hispidum.

Nama xylopodum (Wooton & Standley) C.L. Hitchcock (Greek
xylon = woody and pons = foot, for the woody crown of
this perennial plant). Yellow-seed fiddleleaf.

Narrowly endemic to the Guadalupe Mountains of Eddy
and Otero counties, New Mexico and adjacent Texas, and Sierra
Diablo in Culberson County, Texas (Figure 3). Crevices in
limestone cliffs and outcrops from desert scrub up to ponderosa
pine forest. Flowers spring to autumn. n=7. [ Marilanunidium
xylopodum Wooton & Standley]

This is the only New Mexico Nama that is a long-lived
perennial and confined to limestone cliffs. Its range of distribu¬

tion is small, but it is quite abundant in suitable habitats.

Nama torynophyllum Greenman has been collected on the creo¬
sote bajada west of the Franklin Mountains in El Paso County,
Texas about 8 miles south of the New Mexico border ( R.D .
Worthington s.n., 21 Sep 2006, ASU). Botanists in adjacent
Dona Ana County, New Mexico should look for this plant in
similar habitat. It is a mat-forming annual distinguished by its
spoon-shaped leaves that are petiolate, or nearly so, then
rounded distally.

Literature Cited

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). 2003. An update of the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders
and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Jour¬
nal of the Linnaean Society 141:399-436.

Bacon, J.D. 1984. Chromosome numbers and taxonomic notes
in the genus Nama (Hydrophyllaceae). II. Sida 10(4):269-
275.

Hitchcock, C.L. 1933. A taxonomic study of the genus Nama.

I. American Journal of Botany 20:4 1 5-430.

Hitchcock, C.L. 1933. A taxonomic study of the genus Nama.

II. American Journal of Botany 20:5 1 8-534.

M.H. Schiebout. 2006. A survey of the vascular plants of
northeastern New Mexico. Master’s thesis. University of
Northern Colorado, Greeley.

Figure 1. New Mexico distribution of Nama carnosum (stars)
and Nama dichotomum (triangles).

Figure 2. New Mexico distribution of Nama hispidum.

(Continued on page 6. Nama)

W

Page 6

If

(Nama, continued from page 5)

Figure 3. New Mexico distribution of Nama retrorsum
(triangles), Nama stevensii (circles), and Nama xylopodum
(stars).

Botanical Literature of Interest

Ackerfield, J. & W.F. Jennings. 2008. The genus Abronia
(Nyctaginaceae) in Colorado, with notes on Abronia bolackii in New
Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1 ):4 19-423.

Adams, R.P. 2008? Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus,
Ed. 2. Trafford Publishing (www.trafford.com).

Brouillet, L. 2008. The taxonomy of North American Loti
(Fabaceae: Loteae): New names in Acmispon and Hosackia. J. Bot.
Res. Inst. Texas 2( 1 ):387-394.

Bryson, C.T. & R. Carter. 2008. A novel design for a light weight
and durable field press. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1 ):5 17-520.

Fisher, B.L. & S.P. Cover. 2007. Ants of North America: A
Guide to the Genera. TJniv. California Press. 194 pp.

Funk, V.A., A. Susanna, T. Stuessy, & R. Bayer (eds.). in press.
Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeographv of the Compositae.
prepublication announcement by I APT (see Taxon 57(4): 1380. 2008.)

Gledhill, D. 2008. The Names of Plants. 4th ed. Cambridge
University Press (www.cup.org). 426 pp.

Hartman, R.L. & R.K. Rabeler. 2008. Minuartia macrantha
(Alsinoideae: Caryophyllaceae): Morphological circumscription,
geographical range, and phylogenetic affinities. J Bot. Res. Inst.
Texas 2(2): 1225-123 1 .

Herrera Arrieta, Y., P.M. Peterson, & J. Valdes-Reyna. 2008.
Bouteloua (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Boutelouinae)
del noreste de Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):9 1 7-98 1 .

Ingram, S. 2008. Cacti, Agaves, and Yuccas of California and
Nevada. Cachuma Press, Los Olivos (www.cachumapress.com). 243

pp.

Jones, R.L., C.T. Witsell, & G.L. Nesom. 2008. Distribution and
taxonomy of Symphyotrichum sericeum and S. pratense (Asteraceae:
Astereae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2( 1 ):73 1 -739.

Martin-Bravo, S, P. Vargas, & M. Luceno. 2009. Is Oligonteris
(Resedaceae) indigenous to North America? Molecular evidence for
a natural colonization from the Old World. Amer. J. Bot. 96:507-518.

Mosyakin, S.L. & S.E. Clemants. 2008. Further transfers of
glandular-pubescent species from Chenopodium subg. Ambrosia to

Dysphania (Chenopodiaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2( 1 ):425-43 1
Mullet, T.C., B. Zank, F. Armstron, & C.M. Ritzi. 2008. Predicting
Viola guadalupensis (Violaceae) habitat in the Guadalupe
Mountains using GIS: Evidence of a new isolated population. J. Bot.

Inst. Texas 2( 1 ):677-684.

Perryman, B.L. & Q.D. Skinner. 2007. A Field Guide to Nevada
Grasses. Indigenous Rangeland Management Press, Lander, Wyoming.
256 pp.

Poole, J.M., W.R. Carr, D M. Price, & J.R. Singhurst. 2007. Rare
Plants of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 640 pp.

Powell, A.M., J.F. Weedin, & S.A. Powell. 2008. Cacti of Texas:
A Field Guide, with Emphasis on the Trans Pecos Species. Texas
Tech Univ. Press, Lubbock. 383 pp.

Romaschenko, K., N. Garcia-Jacas, P.M. Peterson, R.J Soreng, O.
Futorna, & A. Susanna. 2008. Molecular phy logenetic analy sis of the
American Stipeae (Poaceae) resolves Jarava sensu lato polyphyletic:
Evidence for a new genus, Pappostipa. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2
( 1 ): 1 65-192.

Schiebout, M.H., D.L. Hazlctt, & N. Snow. 2008. A floristic
survey of vascular plants over parts of northeastern New Mexico. J.
Res. Inst. Texas 2(2): 1407-1447.

Schneider, A., P. Lyon, & G. Nesom. 2008. Gutierrezia elegans
sp. nov. (Asteraceae: Astereae), a shale barren endemic of
southwestern Colorado. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(2):77 1-774.

Shaw, R.B. 2008. Grasses of Colorado. University Press of
Colorado, Boulder (www.upcolorado.com). 650 pp.

Torres, E. & T.L. Sawyer, Jr. 2005. Curandero: A Life in
Mexican Folk Healing. Univ. New Mexico Press. 170 pp.

Veldkamp, J.F. 2008. Senecio cymbalarioides, S. subnudus , and
S. subpeltatus , history of a middle (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). J. Bot.
Res. Inst. Texas 2(2): 12 15- 121 8.

Villarreal Q„ J.A., J.A. Enema D„ & M.A. Carranza P. 2008. Los
encinos ( Querciis : Fagaceae) de Coahuila, Mexico. J. Bot. Res. Inst.
Texas 2(2): 1235-1 278.

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition
of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Jayne Mygatt [Museum of Southwestern Biology, MSC03 2020, 1
University ofNew Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001]

Care x tahoensis Smiley (Cyperaceae, Tahoe sedge): Taos
County: Carson National Forest / Valle Vidal, Ash
Mountain quadrangle, SW quarter, W 35 45'30” N 105
14’45”, Valle Vidal Basin, 1 Oct 1983, Janet Williams 15
(UNM), Det. B.E. Nelson, Univ. Wyoming (RM).

— Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM
87402]

*Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterpacher) Schrader
(Poaceae, pricklegrass): McKinley County: Bluewater
Lake State Park, northeast bank of the lake, N35° 18.305’
W108° 07.8974’, one of the dominant grasses along lake
margin, with Xanthium strumarium, Gnaphalium, &
Eragrostis, 7395 ft, 9 Sep 2008, Ken Heil 29896 & Wayne
Miettv (SJNM).

Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindley (Orchidaceae,
one-leaf bog-orchid): Mora County: Pecos Wilderness,
about 300 feet above Rito Maestas Creek, N35° 57.068’
W105° 34.840’, damp forest with Luzula, Dodecatheon,
Listera cordata, Picea engelmannii, growing along rotting
log, 10990 ft, 9 July 2008 Ken Heil 29554 & Steve O’Kane
& Wayne Miettv (SJNM).

Draba smithii Gilg ex O.E. Schulz ( Brass icaceae. Smith’s
whitlow-grass): Taos County, ca. 5 mi northeast of Pilar on
State Hwy 68, at hairpin curve, two track leading up Hondo
Canyon, ca 0.1 mi from highway along banks of
intermittent stream, N36° 18.025' W105° 43.964', with Vitis

arizonica, Gambel oak, 6890 ft, 24 May 2008, Ken Heil
29,3 12A and Steve O'Kane (SJNM). [Previously known
only from Colorado]

— Jack Carter [P. O. Box 1244, Silver City, NM 88062]

Ageratina lemmonii (B. L. Robinson) R. M. King & H.
Robinson (Asteraceae, Lemmon’s snakeroot): Catron
County: Locally common perennial to 50 cm in height;
flowers white; adjacent to Indian Creek road, 0.4 miles from
junction with FS 153; montane coniferous forest, Gila
National Forest. Section: 31, TW: 10S, RG: 17W, Elevation
8,845 ft., 9 August 1994, Sheila L. Christy and Charles Huff
s.n. (NMC).

— Schiebout et al. (see Botanical Literature oflnterest)

Rorippa teres (Michaux) Stuckey (Brassicaceae, southern

marsh yellow-cress): Mora County.

Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var. berlandieri
(Chenopodiaceae, pitted goosefoot): Union County.

Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall var. incompta (Nuttall)
Cronquist (Asteraceae, wormwood): Colfax, Harding,

Mora, San Miguel, Union counties.

Tetraneuris torreyana (Nuttall) Greene (Asteraceae,
rubberweed): Harding & San Miguel counties. [This is a
second report for the state, the first being by Wooton &
Standley as T. depressa \

*Rosa x harisonii Rivers (Rosaceae, Harison’s rose): Colfax
County.

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A Newsletter for the f lora
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agriculture and Home
Economics, New Mexico
State University.

In This Issue —

• Gregg in NM . 1

• Plant Distribution

Reports . 7

• Botanical Literature ... 7

• What’s in a Name . 7

Mariner on a Dusty Sea: Josiah Gregg

Gene Jercinovic

6285 Algodon Rd. SW, Deming, NM 88030

The wagon train contained nearly 100 wagons carrying
more than 200 men accompanied by perhaps a dozen smaller
vehicles, dearborns and the like, and a couple of cannons. It
had been almost ten weeks since it had departed from Inde¬
pendence, Missouri, and now in the heat of late July the jour¬
ney's end was not far distant. A group of ten or twelve horse¬
men rode out well ahead of the main party, impatient to arrive
and to announce the proximity of the traders and their goods to
those at their destination. One of the horsemen recorded the
event:

Ascending a table-ridge, we spied in an extended val¬
ley to the northwest occasional groups of trees skirted
with verdant corn and wheat fields, with here and
there a square block-like protuberance reared in the
midst. A little farther and just ahead of us to the north
irregular clusters of the same opened to our view.

"Oh, we are approaching the suburbs!" thought I, on perceiving the
cornfields and what I supposed to be brick-kilns scattered in every di¬
rection. These and other observations of he same nature becoming au¬
dible, a friend at my elbow said, "It is true those are heaps of unburnt
bricks, nevertheless they are houses - this is the city of Santa Fe."

Josiah Gregg, the narrator, was on his first journey from Independence to Santa Fe. The
year was 1831. He would cross the untamed prairie seven more times in the next nine years.

The Gregg family moved from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1682. Josiah's father, Harmon
was bom there in 1774. Near the end of the eighteenth century the family moved to North
Carolina. By that time, Harmon had married. In the early 1800's Harmon and his family
moved to Tennessee. Josiah was bom there in Overton County, the fifth of eight children. The
family moved to Illinois and then, by the beginning of the War of 1812, had relocated to Coo¬
per's Fort in Missouri, in Howard County, near the Missouri River. It was here that Josiah was
raised, at the edge of settled country, with a vast frontier to the west. Self-reliance was central
and there were perils to test the measure of determination. When Josiah was eight, marauding
Indians killed his uncle and kidnapped his young cousin Patsy. She was soon recovered, but
the precariousness of frontier existence and the courage to confront it were built into every
soul.

Josiah was not a strapping and burly farm boy, but a somewhat delicate lad who did what
he could in spite of not infrequent bouts of sickness. He did gain portions of his father's self-
sufficiency and ingenuity, which would benefit him in his own times on the prairie. Josiah was
of a more studious mien, reading everything he could find. He had a quick facility with num¬
bers and their manipulation. He had a careful eye. There was a school of sorts at Cooper's Fort
and Josiah absorbed all it had to offer. Students would seek help from him as often as from the
"teacher". Before his teens he built a wooden quadrant that he could use to measure the heights
of trees, much to the disbelief of other children. When he was sixteen he began the study of

(Continued on page 2, Gregg)

J^otonice est ^dentin quae ^/egetnbilium cognitiorem tradit.

— ^/linnneus

m

(Gregg, continued from page 1)

surveying with his brother John. When he was eighteen, he
went to Liberty at the western edge of the territory where he
founded a school and taught for a year.

By the early 1 820’s trading expeditions to Santa Fe had
begun. In 1822, Harmon Gregg was a member of the Becknell
party, one of the earliest to reach Santa Fe. In 1824, Josiah's
older brother Jacob was one of eighty men in twenty-five wag¬
ons bringing $30,000 worth of goods across the prairie. The
allure of the prairie had quietly woven itself into the Gregg
fabric. In 1825, the Gregg family uprooted and resettled about
a hundred miles west in Jackson County not far from where the
town of Independence would be founded in 1827. Both in
1825 and 1826 Josiah's brother John made the trek to Santa Fe.
Meanwhile, Josiah was trying to determine a suitable profes¬
sion for the application of his mixture of talents. First he con¬
sidered medicine, applying for an apprenticeship with a noted
doctor in Saline County, about fifty miles east, but was de¬
clined. So he decided to study the law.

His study proceeded with some diligence but without pas¬
sion. He informed his brother "law was the only study he had
ever undertaken, in which he did not think he had been able to
make reasonable progress." In 1830 he began to have signifi¬
cant problems with his health. By autumn he was bedridden
where he remained through the winter. In the spring of 1831
his doctor suggested a strange remedy, but one making reason¬
able sense to the Gregg Family, a trip across the prairie. So
Josiah and a few belongings were loaded onto a wagon headed
for Santa Fe. For the first few days, all he could do was lie in
the wagon, but he filled his time by studying Spanish. After a
week he was able to ride his horse for part of the day. His
strength grew and his health began to return. By July he was
fully a member of the expedition and riding with the advance
party into Santa Fe. On that horse he had found his calling.

Josiah did not return to Independence until the fall of
1833. He had gained an excellent command the Spanish lan¬
guage and a feel for the customs and people of New Mexico.
By the spring of 1834 he had arranged credit and filled his
wagons with merchandise to make another trek to Santa Fe. In
the spring of 1835 after selling his goods, he decided to jour¬
ney to the Mexican city of Chihuahua, five hundred miles to
the south to purchase Mexican textiles. Once there he decided
to explore further and set out for Durango, then Zacatecas, and
on to Aguascalientes, deep in Mexico. He returned to Santa Fe
early in 1836 and to Independence that fall. The spring of
1 837 saw him once again on the trail to Santa Fe. Again in

1 837 there was another trip to Chihuahua and in the Spring of

1 838 the return to Independence. And in the April of 1 839,
once more he set out across the prairie, this time from Van
Buren, Arkansas, with his brother John and a dozen others.
They took a new route, paralleling the Canadian River just
north of the Llano Estacado. From Santa Fe Josiah again made
the trip to Chihuahua and back. The group headed east from
Santa Fe in February 1840 and were back at Van Buren by late
April. Josiah would not see Santa Fe again. His nine years on
the prairie would never be forgotten. He had carefully kept a
daily journal of the entire period.

Josiah returned to the family farm near Independence

shortly thereafter where he remained until the summer of 1841.
That summer he and his brother John decided to take a trip to
Texas to sell mules and see the country. They returned to
John's property on October 26. On the 29th Josiah purchased
640 acres in Sabine Parrish, Louisiana. He left the area again
in early November, feeling that he had not seen enough of
Texas. He rode to Houston and by the middle of the month to
Galveston. In early December he went on to Austin where he
attended the inauguration of Sam Houston as President of
Texas on December 13th. He recorded in his journal: "Gen.
Houston was elected by a heavy majority, and now seems the
favorite of the people: but I fear this will be found to speak
badly of the judgment and morals of his constituents. His mor¬
als and honest character, and general deportment through life
will not, I fear, justify the favor he now seems to enjoy." He
left soon afterward and was back in Arkansas by mid-January
of 1842.

Josiah spent the year of 1842 staying with his brother in
Van Buren. He was hired to survey the city. He worked off
and on, completing the job late in the year. He also went into
partnership with his brother and a man named George Pickett,
establishing a store. As the year drew to a close he determined
it was time to write a book about life on the prairie based on
his journals. By June of 1 843 he had started to work in earnest
and decided to travel to Philadelphia in order to devote all of
his time to the project and to the task of finding a publisher.

He worked for months in the Philadelphia and Camden, New
Jersey area. By late November he was nearly finished and
went to New York to seek a publisher. The memoir. The Com¬
merce of the Prairies , was published in June 1 844. His book
would see six editions and was even translated into German.
Somehow the once sickly half-Irish lad had triumphed over it
all.

John Gregg had moved to the vicinity of Shreveport, Lou¬
isiana. Josiah arrived there in late July with a hundred copies
of the book. Shortly thereafter his father died. Over the next
few months his immersion in civilization began to weigh on
him. In October he wrote to John Bigelow, a friend in New
York who had helped him with the publishing of the book:

"My organ of 'inhabitiveness' is, I believe, entirely annihilated,
and my desire to be on the 'wild roam' continues to increase."
But rapid book sales demanded his return to New York where
he prepared for a second edition and wrote a new preface. He
was back at Shreveport by February 1 845. After several
months of tending to his mercantile interests in Arkansas and
visiting in Missouri and Louisiana he settled on the idea of
attending medical lectures at the Louisville Medical Institute in
Kentucky (later part of the University of Louisville).

He arrived in Louisville in early November. His course of
study required six hourlong lectures per day. Despite a few
problems with his health, he pursued his medical education
with dedication. He was impressed and pleased with the pro¬
fessors. He developed a particularly warm relationship with
the "demonstrator of anatomy", Charles Wilkins Short. Short
was the successor of the infamous Constantine Samuel Rafi-
nesque at Transylvania University in Lexington. In 1838 Short
and several others founded the Louisville Medical Institute. It

(Continued on page 3, Gregg)

\«ir/

Page 3

l

(Gregg, continued from page 2)

is likely that Short, who was very interested in botany, piqued
Josiah's interest in plants. During 1845, probably prior to his
time in Louisville, Josiah made the acquaintance of two other
physicians in St. Louis, George Engelmann and Frederick Ad¬
olph Wislizenus who also stimulated his interest in natural
science. Josiah became a Doctor of Medicine on March 9,
1846.

By this time Josiah had become restless and was strongly
feeling a need to return to his prairie life. He had summarized
the situation in the last few pages of The Commerce of the
Prairies:

Since that time I have striven in vain to recon¬
cile myself to the even tenor of civilized life
in the United States; and have sought in its
amusements and its society a substitute for
those high excitements which have attached
me so strongly to prairie life. Yet 1 am almost
ashamed to confess that scarcely a day passes
without my experiencing a pang of regret that
I am not now roving at large upon those west¬
ern plains. Nor do I find my taste peculiar;
for I have hardly known a man who has ever
become familiar with the kind of life which I
have led for so many years, that has not relin¬
quished it with regret. . . It will hardly be a
matter of surprise then, when I add that this
passion for prairie life, how paradoxical so¬
ever [sic] it may seem, will be very apt to lead
me upon the plains again, to spread my bed
with the mustang and the buffalo under the
broad canopy of heaven - there to seek to
maintain undisturbed my confidence in men
by fraternizing with the little prairie dogs and
wild colts and the still wilder Indians - the
unconquered Sabaeans of the Great American
Deserts.

Col. G. C. Owens was organizing a trip to Santa
Fe out of Independence. Josiah needed to shake free
from his societal disguise and signed on. His departure
was delayed by an outbreak of scarlet fever in his
brother-in-law's family, but he sent his belongings with
the expedition. On June 10, 1846 in a letter to George
Engelmann he wrote:

I received the articles which you were so kind
to procure for me by Dr. Wislizenus - all
complete and in good condition - and I know
not how sufficiently to express my obligations
to you for your attentions - and very espe¬
cially for the most valuable memoranda with
which you have furnished me. I can only
hope to be able hereafter - not to repay you in
equally valuable favors but to reciprocate in at

least an insignificant degree, by forwarding to
you such specimens - as well zoological as
vegetable and fossile - as I may suppose in¬
teresting to you.

On the 13th he mounted his horse and rode out to overtake
the wagons.

That same month war had broken out between the United
States and Mexico. Before Josiah left Independence he had
been asked to accompany the Arkansas Regiment of the U.S.
Army to Mexico, but he felt that his role was not clearly defined
and chose to head to Santa Fe. After a few days on the trail, he
received correspondence from the U.S. Senator from Arkansas
imploring him to accept the mission. He rode back to Inde¬
pendence with only as much as he could carry on his horse. On
the 22ml he rode to Shreveport to join the Arkansas Volunteers.
On the 24th they were on their way to San Antonio, Texas,
where they arrived on August 28. The army of about 3000 men
under Gen. John W. Wool left San Antonio on September 26
and crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico at Presidio on October
9. The march into Mexico was mostly unopposed. In fact the
army was treated with decency and a spirit of cooperation by
the Mexican citizenry. "The Chihuahuan Army", however, was
often less cordial, stealing animals and food supplies, even de¬
stroying houses for firewood. Josiah was outraged at such be¬
havior, and ever more so at the tacit acceptance displayed by
commanding officers. At the same time, he was still quite un¬
certain of what his role was in the campaign. By mid-December
the army had arrived at Parras, 90 miles east of Saltillo, where
they settled in awaiting further orders.

During the month of January 1847, and early February
Josiah spent his time traveling about the area between Saltillo
and Monterey collecting plants. In a February 10th letter to
Engelmann he wrote:

In Botany, I had done nothing until lately -
until the last two months or less. Having sent
my "portfolio" and drying paper across the
Prairies to Santa Fe, I have been unable to
procure any suitable paper until I chanced to
find at Saltillo an abundance of pretty fair
quality. Since that, I have collected from
Saltillo here (rather to my surprise, at this
very unfavorable season) nearly two hundred
varieties of plants - half or three-fourths of
which were in flower. I flatter myself with
the hope that at least a few dozen of these
may prove new, and a chance one interesting
to you; if so, I shall feel amply rewarded for
the little pains I have been at: for I have ven¬
tured to put you up a small "book" with nearly
a hundred species, 1 think - though I in my
very great hurry 1 did not count them. These I
send in care of Professor Short, of Louisville,

(Continued on page 4, Gregg)

J^otang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants.

— ^/linnaeus

Ill

(Gregg, continued from page 3)

as I have met with a friend of confidence go¬
ing directly to that place. . . 1 doubt not you
will frequently find the same plants twice or
thrice inserted, as I had not the leisure to pack
them with sufficient care. I doubt not also,
that you will consider them very badly
"handled"; yet I hope the fact of this being my
first attempt at practical botany will serve as
an apology. 1 think 1 shall be able to do some¬
thing better in the future. And now that I
have embarked in it, and contracted a decided
interest in the collection of plants, I trust I
shall be able in the course of the ensuing
spring and summer, to send you several hun¬
dred specimens - many new and some inter¬
esting.

Josiah's botanical activities were interrupted by the appearance
of the Mexican army under Santa Anna a few miles south of
Saltillo in the third week of February. On February 22nd the
Battle of Buenavista began. By the morning of the 24,h the
Mexican forces were in retreat. The Mexicans lost more than a
thousand men, the Americans several hundred, but hostilities in
the area were over. Josiah gathered more plants during March
and wrote Engelmann on the 25lh that more specimens were on
the way along with some for Professor Short.

On April 2nd a small contingent of soldiers arrived from
Chihuahua and announced Col. Doniphan's triumph over Mexi¬
can forces there. Josiah learned that Col. Owens and the group
that was on its way to Santa Fe had joined Doniphan's army and
were in Chihuahua. Josiah had certainly had enough of his im¬
mersion in army life and returned with the small group of sol¬
diers to Chihuahua, collecting plants along the way. They ar¬
rived in Chihuahua April 23. There he met up with Dr. Wis-
lizenus who had journeyed to Santa Fe and Chihuahua with
traders in May and June of 1846. Wislizenus was taken pris¬
oner at Chihuahua when the war began. He was not incarcer¬
ated, but was not allowed to leave the area. Wislizenus used his
time to collect plant specimens for Engelmann. The two doc¬
tors were glad to see each other again. Josiah was able to re¬
claim his wagon and belongings which had arrived with the
Owens group. Doniphan's regiment was returning to the U.S.
They left Chihuahua on April 28 for Saltillo accompanied by
the two doctors. When they arrived, Josiah received correspon¬
dence from a trader who offered to finance a buying trip to New
York. Josiah decided to seize the opportunity. The group pro¬
ceeded through Monterey and on to Matamoros. All the while
the two doctors gathered plant specimens.

Josiah arrived at New Orleans on June 13 and, after travel¬
ing through Philadelphia and Washington D.C., at New York on
July 12. There he received "a telegraphic dispatch" from the
trader informing him that the expedition was canceled. He de¬
cided that he wanted to return to Mexico, possibly in some ca¬
pacity with the U.S. government. He returned to Washington to
see what he could arrange. On July 30 he visited President
Polk. Josiah was quite disappointed: "It is remarkable that a
man so short of intellect should have been placed in the execu¬
tive chair!" He decided to have no more involvement with the

government and to return to Saltillo to practice medicine. From
Louisville on August 1 3th he mailed a package of Mexican
specimens and wrote a long letter to Engelmann. It began:

"You must allow me to apologize again for my delay in sending
the collections, etc. which I have so long promised you." In the
letter he explains the curious symbol code he used to describe
"size and abundance of the plants." Engelmann later summa¬
rized the value of the collections of the two doctors in his Mem¬
oir of a Tour to Northern Mexico :

In examining the collections of Dr. Wis¬
lizenus, I have been materially aided by hav¬
ing it in my power to compare the plants
which Dr. Josiah Gregg, the author of that
interesting work, "The Commerce of the Prai¬
ries," has gathered between Chihuahua and
the mouth of the Rio Grande, but particularly
about Monterey and Saltillo. And a share of
which, with great liberality, he has communi¬
cated to me. His and Dr. W's collections to¬
gether, form a very fine herbarium for those
regions.

Josiah was unable to extricate himself from the country
until November 28 when he boarded a steamer at New
Orleans.

He arrived in Saltillo on January 4, 1848. On the
24th he wrote Engelmann describing his traveling diffi¬
culties and commenting: "As to botany, I have done
virtually nothing yet: the month of December was un¬
usually cold, so that, from Matamoros here, vegetation
was pretty much frost-bitten... I shall therefore leave
this subject - as well as other branches of natural his¬
tory - to some future communication, for I have done
little else as yet but endeavor to get myself to rights in
my new domicile - barring a little attention to medical
practice, into which I have been drawn by the Mexi¬
cans." By May his medical practice was well estab¬
lished and he was tending to the sick day and night.

On May 15lh he wrote his brother John: "I made a
rough estimate of my practice for the month of April.

It amounted to between four and five hundred dollars.

This month will doubtless be more." He had become a
respected and revered citizen of Saltillo. During the
summer he began to take small trips around the area
hunting plants, and by autumn he was making more
frequent and more extensive forays, but as the year
drew to a close he found himself again with a yearning
to roam.

On the 14th of December he joined "a distinguished party of
Saltillonses" leaving on a trip to Mexico City. The group con¬
sisted of 8 men and 3 women, but with servants the number
reached about 30. They arrived in Mexico City on January 8,

1 849. Josiah spent the rest of the month "looking at the city and
surrounding country." On the lsl of February he wrote Engel¬
mann:

When I left Saltillo, 1 had not my future
route fully planned out; I have, ever since
entering Mexico last time, contemplated a

(Continued on page 5, Gregg)

Page 5

t

(Gregg, continued from page 4)

tour upon the Pacific Coast, as far north as
California, and perhaps Oregon: and now that
so much is said about the mines of California,

I have added inducement to go that way. I
have therefore about determined - if not posi¬
tively determined - to leave here toward first
of March for the Pacific Coast, via Morelia,
Guadalajara, etc. to Mazatlan... I shall send
you (via Vera Cruz) before leaving this place,
my entire botanical collections, etc. not very
extensive, to be sure, as I was most of the
time at Saltillo, whose vicinity I had exam¬
ined pretty well before. Still - all in all - in¬
cluding duplicates of many sent you before - I
suppose I must have nearly as many species
as I sent you before. These all will go num¬
bered, keeping a memorandum of them my¬
self.

Josiah did not meet his March deadline, unable to pull himself
away from the culture, architecture, and endless unseen land¬
scapes of the area. On the 14th of April he again wrote Engel-
mann:

I have now put up to send you from here
some 700 specimens, including all my collec¬
tions since I last entered Mexico. Among
these I purposedly [sic] embraced a great
number of those 1 had already sent - many
others have doubtless been introduced without
my knowing it; nevertheless I think more than
half are distinct; and a few I hope new and
interesting. I have followed the system of
numbering as you directed; but I find it im¬
possible at present to copy my notes; yet I
will do it as soon as possible and send you.

By this time Josiah had assembled a group of six men and
"a Mexican servant" to accompany him on his trip northward.
They left Mexico City on April 26. Traveling slowly, they
reached Guadalajara on May 1 7 and Mazatlan on June 7. There
he paused for more sightseeing and a bit of casual collecting.

On June 30 he wrote Engelmann and described how he had
separated his botanical collections into two sets, one complete
and another with duplicates, which he would send separately in
case of loss and requested that if Engelmann received both that
he forward the duplicate collection to Professor Short in Louis¬
ville. This would be his last known communication with Engel¬
mann.

Due to the parched climate and his growing desire to reach
California, he abandoned the idea of making the trip on horse¬
back and on July 16 boarded a ship bound for San Francisco.

On the 30lh of August he described his arrival at the harbor of
San Francisco which "resembled those of the large cities of the
world, on account of the immense forest of masts which loomed
up before us." After reaching San Francisco any records Josiah
certainly would have kept were lost, but a general picture of the
next six months has emerged.

Always one who enjoyed being in the middle of nowhere,

Josiah made his way by October to a tiny community called
Rich Bar on the Trinity River in northern California. It was a
rugged area almost 300 miles from San Francisco but only
about 80 miles from the Pacific Ocean. A group of men de¬
cided to journey westward to the ocean to see if they could lo¬
cate a suitable bay where ships could bring supplies. On No¬
vember 5 twenty-four men departed. Josiah was elected leader.
The weather was miserable and after a couple of days sixteen
men returned to Rich Bar. Josiah and seven other persevered.
Food quickly ran out and they were forced to survive on what¬
ever they could find, often going a day or two without food.

As they neared the coast they met a redwood forest, a jumble of
standing and fallen giants. They could scarcely make two miles
a day. Ever the man of science, Josiah wanted to measure
heights and girths of trees. The others scoffed and hurled vocal
abuse. They reached the sea in the first week of December near
the mouth of what is now the Little River. About ten miles
north they found a suitable bay (Trinidad Bay). On the 7th of
December Josiah carved the latitude, barometric pressure, tem¬
perature, the date, and his name into a large tree beside the bay.
This tree was observed in the spring of 1850 by a group of ex¬
plorers who reached the area by ship. The tired, bedraggled
men decided to head south to try to reach civilization. After
friction as to routes, they broke into two groups. Josiah's group
headed inland and turned south. The winter forest was cruel.
They had little ammunition and began to starve. Josiah grew
weaker and weaker. On February 25, 1850, near Clear Lake, he
fell from his horse and died a few hours later. He was buried
there and his belongings abandoned.

Josiah Gregg was a classic character of the American west¬
ern frontier. He represented an important blend of vital forces
in the country at the time, the unpolished individualism and
indomitable courage of a Daniel Boone explorer and the inno¬
cent inquisitiveness and quest for orderliness growing in men of
science like Engelmann, John Torrey, and Asa Gray. He went
to places now one else would go and found a way to not only
survive but to succeed, a champion of both frontiersmanship
and careful science. In his description of Greggia (now Neri-
syrenia ) camporum in Plantae Wrightianae Texano-
Neomexicanae in 1850, Asa Gray wrote:

Also gathered, some years since, "west of
Parras" in Cohahila [sic] and later at Cerros
Bravos, by Dr. Josiah Gregg, the author of the
"Commerce of the Prairies", and other writ¬
ings on the physical character, productions,
and resources of New Mexico, and who has
for several years past been a most diligent
explorer and collector of botanical treasures
of New and Northern Mexico. Intelligence of
his lamented decease, in California (from
over-exertion in scientific investigation in the
interior) having reached me which engaged in
the study of this interesting plant - one of his
own discoveries, -- 1 dedicate the genus to his
memory, and give to the species a name that

(Continued on page 6, Gregg)

Lfl

(Gregg, continued from page 5)

associates it with the plains of the Southwest,
which this enterprising discoverer has so
largely explored and so ably illustrated.

Josiah's Plants

One hundred sixty years have passed since Josiah Gregg's
last plant specimen was gathered. His early botanical efforts
were sincere but not scientific. It was George Engelmann who
convinced Gregg to number his specimens and to record data,
but, even so, Gregg reused numbers and did not assign numbers
in the order of collection. The majority of his specimens were
sent to Engelmann in St. Louis, but a significant number went to
Charles Wilkens Short in Louisville. The Engelmann material is
housed at the Missouri Botanical Garden and is databased. The
C.W. Short Herbarium was sent to the Smithsonian Institution
upon his death and was ultimately placed at the Academy of

Family

Genera

Species

# of specimens

ASTERACEAE

78

143

251

FABACEAE

39

116

215

EUPHORBIACEAE

13

44

74

SOLANACEAE

8

38

65

POACEAE

27

30

43

CACTACEAE

12

27

47

BORAGINACEAE

9

27

41

VERBENACEAE

7

24

62

CONVOLVULACEAE

7

22

44

NYCTAGINACEAE

10

20

35

Natural Sciences in Philadelphia and is not databased.

The Gregg material at Missouri amounts to almost 1900
sheets representing 123 families, 530 genera, and 1020 different
species. It provides an excellent view of Gregg's botanical activ¬
ity. More than one-fourth of the families are represented by a
single species. More than one third of the families are repre¬
sented by a single genus. Almost one half of the different spe¬
cies come from the ten largest families in his collections (see
table below).

The genera with the largest number of species are Solatium
( 1 7), Chamaesyce ( 1 5) Tillandsia ( 1 0), Opuntia (10), Acacia
(10), Euphorbia (10), Heliotropium (9), Physalis (9), Verbena
(9), Asclepias (9), Nama (8), and Salvia (8).

Since Gregg was one of the first to collect deep in Mexico, a
number of his specimens are vitally important. The Missouri
Botanical Garden credits him with 89 type specimens in 24 fami¬
lies. The New York Botanical Garden shows 70 Gregg speci¬
mens specifically designated as some form of type (type, holo-,
syn-, lecto-, isosyn-,etc.) in 28 families. Since the NYBG was
founded in 1891, the presence of these types suggests a wider
dispersal of Gregg's collections. Certainly other herbaria are
involved. 42 of the New York specimens are sine numero (none
s.n. among types at Missouri). 17 of the sheets carry the same

date and specimen number as a sheet at Missouri. The Academy
of Natural Sciences lists but one type from Gregg, a lectotype of
Drejera (Anisacanthus) greggii numbered 587 which matches
the number and date of a lectotype at NYBG. It is interesting to
note that among all specimens mentioned above (general collec¬
tion and types at MO, types at NY and PH), the earliest collec¬
tion date mentioned was 26 December 1846, by which time he
was in the vicinity of Saltillo, far into Mexico. There is no re¬
cord of plant specimens ever being collected in New Mexico.

Attempts to name a genus for Gregg have been made
( Greggia Engelmann = Cowania, Greggia A. Gray = Nerisyre-
nia), but none has survived. Roughly 80 species epithets have
been generated to honor Gregg, but taxonomic revisions have
eliminated more than half (see http://www.csupomona.edu/
-larrvblakely/whoname/greggiis.htm for a 2004 summary). In
2009, eleven taxa in New Mexico still carry Gregg's legacy:
Acacia greggii Gray var. arizonica Isely (FABACEAE)
Acacia greggii Gray var. greggii (FABACEAE)

Ceanothus greggii Gray var. greggii (RHAMNACEAE)
Daiea greggii Gray (FABACEAE)

Fraxinus greggii Gray (OLEACEAE)

Haploesthes greggii Ray var. texana (Coulter) I.M. Johnson
(ASTERACEAE)

Heliotropium greggii Torrey (HELIOTROPACEAE)
Peniocereus greggii (Engelmann) Britton & Rose var. greg¬
gii (CACTACEAE)

Silene laciniata Cavanilles var. greggii (Gray) C.L. Hitch¬
cock & Maguire (CARYOPHYLLCEAE)

Thymophylla setifolia Lagasca var. greggii (Gray) Strother
(ASTERACEAE)

Tiquilia greggii (Ton ey) A. Richardson
(BORAGINACEAE)

References

Allred, Kelly W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The Vascular Plants
of New Mexico. Range Science Herbarium, Department of
Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State University.
Lulu.com

Fulton, Maurice Garland, editor. 1941. Diary and letters of Josiah
Gregg, 1840 - 1847. University of Oklahoma Press.

Fulton, Maurice Garland, editor. 1944. Diary and Letters of Josiah
Gregg, 1847 - 1850. University of Oklahoma Press.

Gray, Asa. 1850. Plantae Wrightianae Texano-Neo-Mexicanae.

Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.

Gregg, Josiah. 1967. The Commerce of the Prairies, Bison Book
edition. Lakeside Press, R.R. Donnelley & Sons Co.

Morgan, Paul. 1979. Josiah Gregg and His Vision of the Early
West. Farrar Straus Giroux.

Wislizenus, A. 1848. Memoir of a Tour to Northern Mexico. 30th
Congress Senate Miscellaneous Document No. 26.

Who's In a Name?: Josiah Gregg. hltp://www. csunomona.edu/
Harryblakely/whonatnc/who grgg.htm
Virtual Herbarium MO. http://www.tropicos.org/
SpceimcnSearch.aspx

Virtual Herbarium NY. http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/hcol/
allvasc/index.asp

Virtual Herbarium GH. lit tp://asaweb. huh. harvard. cdu:8080/
databases/publications?id=605 ©

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition
of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Jim McGrath [20 Robin Court, Edgewood, NM 87915]

*Potentilla recta Linnaeus (Rosaceae, sulphur cinquefoil):
San Miguel County: floodplain of Manuelitas Creek, about
6.5 miles northwest of Sapello, in weed-dominated
meadow, 7300 ft, 15 Sept 2006, Jim McGrath 728 (UNM).
[This is the first report of this invasive species for New
Mexico.]

* Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (Linnaeus) Hilliard & Burtt

(Asteraceae, Jersey rabbit-tobacco): San Miguel County:
Singleton Ranch, about 0.9 miles west of San Miguel -
Quay County line and 0.9 miles due west of NW/4sec. 27,
T13N, R31E; edge of small Schoenoplectus pungens-
dominated wetland in bottom of depression in shrubby
grassland, 3850 ft, 7 June 2008, Jim McGrath 820 (UNM).
[This is the second report of this species in NM, the first
being from Hidalgo County.]

Botanical Literature of Interest

Allred, K.W. 2009. Flora Neomexicana II : Glossarium
Nominum, A Lexicon of New Mexico Plant Names. Available at
lulu.com, paperback (ISBN 978-0-557-05157-1) or hardcover (ISBN
978-0-557-05313-1), 142 pages.

Maslin, B. R., J. T. Miller and D. S. Seigler. 2003. Overview of
the generic status of Acacia (Leguminoseae: Mimosoideae).
Australian Systematic Botany. 16: 1-18.

Rico-Arce, M. de L. & S. Bachman. 2006. A taxonomic revision
of Acaciella (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Anales del Jardin Botanico
de Madrid 63(2): 189-244.

Saarela, J.M. 2008. Taxonomy of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae:

Bromeae) sections Bromopsis , Bromus , and Genea in British
Columbia, Canada. J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(l):323-372.

Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger and J.T. Miller. 2006. The genus
Senegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) from the New World.

Phytologia 88: 38-93.

Seigler, D.S., J.E. Ebinger, & J.T. Miller. 2006. Mariosousa , a
new segregate genus from Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from
Central and North America. Novon 16(3):4 13-420.

Tank, D.C., J.M. Egger, & R.G. Olmstead. 2009. Phylogenetic
classification of subtribe Castillejinae (Orobanchaceae). Syst. Bot.
34(1)482-197.

What’s In A Name?

From time to time we have run in this newsletter little biographies of New Mexico botanists, such as Charles
Wright (number 22), A.L. Hershey (number 23), John Bigelow (number 26), W .A. Archer (number 33), and George
Suckley (number 36). In addition, most of us are aware of some of the more notable botanical luminaries, such as E.O.
Wooton and Paul C. Standley. There remains, however, a little-known New Mexico botanist who made tremendous con¬
tributions to the knowledge of our fair state's flora, in spite of being in the Land of Enchantment for an extremely
short period of time.

Loof Lirpa was born of a Czech father (Duben Hlupak Lirpa) and a Hungarian mother (Inga Maloof) in the tiny burg
of Taszladany, Hungary, about 1910. One can surmise that Lirpa's given name derives from his mother's family name,
Maloof; perhaps it was a nickname. Political unrest and a floundering economy drove the family from Europe to the
United States, where his father found employment as the "delivery boy" for a florist shop in the Bronx. It is here
that Loof found his interest sparked in things botanical and biological. Family friends remember his early desires to
have a garden and to collect specimens of the local flora, as well as a troublesome obsession with sponges, which he
found in the bays and estuaries near the Bronx. Details of his education and growing-up are unknown, but we find him
in 1937 in the employ of a medical company, hired to search for rare plants of potential pharmaceutical value. It is
presumably during this period that he spent time in Iowa cataloging their natural curiosities; the Loof Wildlife Manage¬
ment Area in Osceola County signals his activities there. Eventually he made his way to New Mexico, and it was while
foraging along the banks of the Rio Grande for rare aquatic plants, that Lirpa came across what has come to be known
as Lirpa's spring minnow-wort. This botanical anomaly produces a single underwater flower once each year, on a single
day in the spring of the year. Numerous attempts to locate it at other times have been unsuccessful, though we now
know that it occurs in numerous waters throughout the state, being particularly common around Santa Fe and in the
aquatic gardens at The Round House. A related species is common in France, known as Poisson d'Avril (contrary to our
species, the French species flowers throughout the year). Lirpa's spring minnow-wort is in the Fatuaceae family, and,
because of its spring-f lowering, belongs to the genus Aprilis. The species discovered by Loof Lirpa carries the name,
April is stu/tis. ©

Publication and
Subscription Information

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published irregularly (as information
accrues) at no charge. You may be
placed on the mailing list by sending
your name and complete mailing
address to the editor:

Kelly Allred

The New Mexico Botanist
MS C Box 3-1

New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, NM 88003
or

Email: kallred@nmsu.edu

Available on-line at http://
cahe.nmsu.edu/academics/
rangescienceherbarium/

APR 1 4 7H09

Kelly Allred

w

Cooperative Extension Service

w

U.S. Department of Agriculture

New Mexico State University

H Tiew 'TKcxuo

Las Cruces, NM 88003

Sobutoit

William R. Buck
Institute of Systematic Botany
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, NY 10458-5126. U.S.A.

New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color,
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- - -

Identification of Mentzelia Species in New Mexico

Robert Sivinski

New Mexico Forestry Division, P.0. Box 1948, Santa Fe, NM 87504

The vernacular names of ‘stickleaf and ‘blazingstar’ are appropriate for the genus Mentze¬
lia (Loasaceae). The glocidiate leaf and stem hairs readily adhere to clothing and the radiating
bright white or yellow petals and stamens of most of our species do not open until the late after¬
noon and evening hours. A child can press a corsage of flowering stickleaf twigs to his or her
mother’s blouse and a student of blazingstars must remain late in the field during long summer
evenings after everyone else has gone home to dinner.

Three sections of the genus Mentzelia occur in New Mexico. Section Trachyphytum is rep¬
resented by three short-lived, spring or early summer annuals with short (<6 mm) yellow petals.
Section Mentzelia in New Mexico is also represented by three species, which have orangish
flowers that are open during the day. All the remainder, most of our species, are vespertine¬
flowering, have winged seeds, and belong to the section Bartonia. Section Bartonia appears to
be rapidly diversifying and its species are often not yet well sorted or easily distinguished. They
are all highly variable and many exhibit overlapping or intermediate characteristics, which leads
to difficulties in taxonomy and identification.

The New Mexican blazingstars are still being taxonomically revised by experts and 1 am
reluctant to make a premature accounting of them. However, Kelly Allred asked me to construct
a key to the New Mexican Mentzelia taxa, so the following is the taxonomic situation as I cur¬
rently understand it.

Mentzelia in New Mexico

(+ = endemic to NM)

1 Seeds lenticular, narrowly winged; open petals white, cream-colored, or yellow and >6 mm
long (outer petal surface of closed flower bud often tinged orange)

2 Tap rooted biennials or short-lived perennials ( mtda and strictissima ) without obvious
woody bases; often tall or bushy plants with one or few stems from a rosette of leaves that
wither when the plant matures
3 Open petals golden, lemon yellow or sulfur yellow
4 Leaves pinnately lobed to near the midribs (pinnatisect) with slender, linear to linear-
oblong lobes that are often more than four times longer than broad
5 Petals <2.5 cm long...M. laciniata (Rydberg) J. Darlington CUTLEAF BLAZINGSTAR.
Sandy clay soil in northwestern counties, mostly west of the continental divide.

5 Petals 2.5-4 cm long...+M conspicua T.K. Todsen Chama BLAZINGSTAR. Endemic
to sandy clay soil in the Chama River basin of Rio Arriba County.

4 Leaves sinuate, dentate, laciniate or pinnatifid but not with long linear lobes

6 Stem strict, usually >80 cm or more tall with flowering branches mostly above the
middle... M. rusbyi Wooton Rusby’S BLAZINGSTAR. Pinon-juniper woodland and
ponderosa forest in the mountains of the central and western regions.

6 Stem(s) branching (often broadly) above and below the middle, rarely >70 cm tall
7 Petals pubescent on outer surface... M. marginata (Osterhout) H.J. Thompson &

(Continued on page 2, Mentzelia )

J^otonice esr ^cientia ^/Vaturalis quae ^/egetabtlium cogimiorem tradit.

— ^/linnaeus

A Newsletter for the f lora
of New Mexico, from the
Range Science Herbarium and
Cooperative Extension
Service, College of
Agricultural, Consumer, and
Environmental Sciences, New
Mexico State University.

In This Issue —

• Mentzelia in New

Mexico . 1 ''

• Heuchera in New

Mexico . 5'

• SoBeFree

Announcement . 6

• Plant Distribution

Reports . 7

• Botanical Literature... 7

• A Saving Moss . 8

w

Page 2

If

(Mentzelia, continued from page 1)

Prigge var. cronquistii (H.J. Thompson & Prigge)
N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren CR0NQUIST‘S
BLAZINGSTAR. Desert scrub, San Juan County.

7 Petals glabrous on outer surface
8 Filaments of fertile stamens in outer whorls
broadly expanded, sometimes petaloid...M
multifora (Nuttall) Gray ADONIS BLAZING-
STAR. Distributed state-wide with a bewildering
array of variations in stature, leaf shape, flower
size and shade, and capsule shape and size.

8 Filaments of all fertile stamens narrow, outer
whorl filaments only slightly wider than those in
inner whorls... M. reverchonii (Urban & Gilg)
Thompson & Zavortink RERVERCHON’S BLAZ¬
INGSTAR. Northeastern counties near Texas
border.

3 Open petals white or cream-colored
9 Petals 5-8 cm long, upper floral bract laciniate, grow¬
ing from capsule wall...M decapetala (Pursh ex Sims)
Urban & Gilg ex Gilg GUMBO LILY. Shaley soil on
eastern plains.

9 Petals <4 cm long; upper floral bract laciniate or entire,
subtending the capsule

10 Petals 25-40 mm long; styles 12-25 mm long...M
nuda (Pursh) Torrey & Gray GOODMOTHER. North¬
eastern plains and canyons.

10 Petals <25 mm long; style 7-12 mm long
1 1 Stems branching (often broadly) above and below
the middle, usually <70 cm tall...M. multiflora
(see lead 7, above).

1 1 Stems strict, usually 70-150 cm or more tall with
flowering branches mostly above the middle

12 Biennial or more often short-lived perennial
with 2 or more stems from the base...M stric-
tissima (Wooton & Standley) J. Darlington
GRASSLAND BLAZINGSTAR. Sandy soils on
southeastern plains.

12 Biennial, usually with a single stem.. ,M. rus¬
hy i Wooton (see lead 6 above).

2 Perennials with woody caudex branches clothed in persis¬
tent leaf bases or a woody multistemmed crown; sometimes
with persistent basal leaves

13 Petals usually 3 mm or more wide, yellow or cream col¬
ored

14 Plants bushy with several slender (< 3 mm thick),
wiry stems; petals and stamens bright lemon yellow;
capsules narrow, more than two times longer than
wide...+M springeri (Standley) Tidestrom
Springer’s blazingstar. Endemic to volcanic pum¬
ice in pinon-juniper woodland or ponderosa forest in
the Jemez Mountains.

14 Plants tufted or bushy, but with thicker, stiff stems;
petals and stamens sulfur yellow, sometimes fading to
cream colored after opening; capsules cup-shaped or
broadly cylindric, usually less than two times longer
than wide

15 Basal leaves usually persistent; stems usually one or
a few, less than 30 cm tall ...+M. perennis Wooton
WOOTON’S BLAZINGSTAR. Endemic to sandy gyp¬
sum or caliche soils in the central and south-central
regions.

1 5 Basal leaves withering, not persistent; stems usually
several, 30-70 cm long todiltoensis N.D At¬

wood & S.L. Welsh Todilto STICKLEAF. Endemic
to outcrops of Todilto Gypsum in the central region.
13 Petals 1.2-2. 5 mm wide, white
16 Leaves pinnatisect with widely spaced, narrow, linear
lobes... M. humilis (Gray) J. Darlington var. humilis
GYPSUM BLAZINGSTAR. Gypsum or caliche soils in the
southeastern region.

16 Leaves dentate or pinnatisect with broad lobes that are
widest at the base...+M. humilis var. guadalupensis
Spellenberg GUADALUPE STICKLEAF. Endemic to
outcrops of gypsum on the west slope of the Guada¬
lupe Mountains in Otero County.

1 Seeds not lenticular or winged; open petals orange, orange-
yellow, or if yellow then <6 mm long

1 7 Annuals; petals yellow, sometimes with darker red-orange
at the base; placentae filiform; leaf blades not hastately
lobed

1 8 Inflorescence bracts 2- to 6-toothed, with distinct whit¬
ish bases; leaves narrowly lanceolate to nearly linear,
entire or with a few shallow lobes... M. montana
(Davidson) Davidson VARIEGATED-BRACK BLAZING¬
STAR. Foothills and canyons of southwestern and south-
central mountains.

1 8 Inflorescence bracts entire or 2-toothed, entirely green
or with a small whitish patch at the base; leaf blades pin-
natifid or entire

19 Leaves often pinnatifid, sometimes with several en¬
tire, narrowly lanceolate leaves; basal leaf rosette usu¬
ally conspicuous... M. albicaulis Douglas ex Hooker
WHITESTEM BLAZINGSTAR Sandy plains and foothills
of western half.

19 Leaves mostly ovate-lanceolate, entire or shallowly
toothed; plants without a distinct basal rosette at matur¬
ity. . .M. thompsonii Glad THOMPSON’S STICKLEAF.
Mancos and Fruitland shales, San Juan County.

1 7 Perennial or annual; petals orange or orange-yellow; pla¬
centae broad; most leaf blades hastately lobed
20 Herbaceous annual with slender tap root... A/, asperula
Wooton & Standley ORGAN MOUNTAIN BLAZINGSTAR.
Rocky slopes of southern mountains.

20 Herbaceous perennial with a semi-woody crown and
thick roots

21 Petals usually <10 mm long; capsules clavate, most
reflexed, with 1-4 seeds... M. oligosperma Nuttall ex
Simms CHICKEN-THIEF. Southern and eastern plains
or rocky slopes.

21 Petals usually 12- 15 mm long; capsules cylindric,
erect, with about 10 seeds... M. lindheimeri Urban &
Gilg LlNDHElMER’s BLAZINGSTAR. Rocky slopes of
southwestern mountains.

(Continued on page 3, Mentzelia)

w

Page 3

w

1

If

(Menlzelia, continued from page 2)

The New Mexican species of Mentzelia have recently been
listed by Allred (2008). I am deviating somewhat from that list
and should explain. The Intermountain Flora treatment of
Mentzelia (Holmgren et al. 2005) has finally circumscribed
Mentzelia pitmila Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray var. pumila in
enough detail to determine that it does not occur in New Mex¬
ico. New Mexican specimens identified as pumila are more con¬
sistent with M. multiflora in that the seeds of our plants have the
broad wings of multiflora instead of the narrow wings of
pumila. Christy (1998) also eliminated the use of pumila in Ari¬
zona in favor of multiflora.

The type of Nuttallia procera Wooton & Standley (syn =
Mentzelia pumila var. procera (Wooton & Standley) J. Darling¬
ton) has the relatively narrow, somewhat acute petals of pumila ,
but it is a slender, small-flowered plant with very pale gray
seeds that are broadly winged. The procera population in the
Tularosa Basin plants seems discordant as a synonym of M.
multiflora because of its somewhat smaller flowers and less
deeply pinnatifid leaves, however, these differences are too in¬
distinct to provide key characteristics to separate procera from
multiflora. For now, I must leave them together as multiflora.
John Schenk will better resolve the distributions and distinc¬
tions of these taxa in his PhD dissertation on the phylogeny of
section Bartonia (in prep.. University of Washington).

The Holmgrens (2004) also confined Mentzelia integra
(M.E. Jones) Tidestrome (syn = Mentzelia pumila var. integra
(M.E. Jones) Kearny) to southern Utah and northwestern Ari¬
zona. The New Mexico record of integra is based on misappli¬
cation of the name by Martin and Hutchins ( 1 98 1 ) to M.
springeri and occasional multiflora (or procera) specimens with
less deeply-lobed leaves. There are a few multiflora populations
in our northwestern and central counties with short, cup-shaped
capsules somewhat similar to integra , but they lack the distinc¬
tive sparse pubescence of that species. These populations may
have been the source of Darlington’s (1934) inaccurate conten¬
tion (without specimen citation) that integra occurs in north¬
western New Mexico.

Wooton and Standley (1915) included Mentzelia speciosa
Osterhout in the New Mexico flora and cited a Colfax County
specimen collected by Wooton. This species is reported from
southern Colorado (Harington 1954, Weber and Wittmann
1996b) so could plausibly occur in adjacent New Mexico, but
no authors since 1915 have extended its range to this state. 1 am
unable to locate Wooton’s specimen, but suspect it is the anony¬
mous NMC specimen taken from Raton in 1900 and subse¬
quently annotated by Henry Thompson as M. multiflora.
Mentzelia speciosa has been ambiguously treated in various
synonymies with the biennial M. multiflora (Darlington 1934,
Harrington 1954) and the perennial Mentzelia densa (Greene)
Greene (Weber and Wittmann 1996b) so the taxonomic circum¬
scription of speciosa is currently confusing and poorly defined.

The scanty evidence thus far that it may occur in New Mexico is
unconvincing and I have not followed the Wooton and Standley
(1915) example of including speciosa in the state flora.

Finally, M. lindheimeri and M. montana are extended to
southern New Mexico by Christy (1998), but without specimen
citations. I cannot find specimens of either one at the UNM her¬
barium. Mentzelia lindheimeri would probably have been seen
or collected in New Mexico on rocky slopes and canyons in
Hidalgo County. Henry Thompson, a Mentzelia expert, has an¬
notated three NMC specimens as M. montana. These are:

Wooton s.n. (Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County); Wooton s.n.
(near Rio Apache, Catron County); and Metcalfe 51 (Gila River
near Cliff, Grant County) (NMBCC 2009). UNM Herbarium
contains numerous specimens that I cannot confidently placed
into either M. montana or M. albicaulis. Both appear to be inter¬
grading throughout south-central and southwestern New Mex¬
ico and in the Jemez Mountains.

The above key to Mentzelia in New Mexico should serve to
accurately place names on most of the populations and individ¬
ual plants in the state. Yet there will be many cases when popu¬
lations with obviously different morphologies will bear the
same name, which is a less than satisfying result. For now, M.
multiflora is the catch-all taxon for most of the odd biennial
variants in the state and M. perennis is, likewise, the name most
likely to be applied to the polymorphic yellow-flowered group
of perennials on the gypsum and caliche substrates of central
and south-central New Mexico.

1 should also mention my dilemma with Mentzelia cron-
quistii H.J. Thompson & Prigge or Mentzelia marginata Oster¬
hout in San Juan County. These taxa have pubescent petals and
have been treated as species by Weber and Wittmann (1996a, as
Nuttallia species), Christy (1998), and Welsh et al. (2003), but
were recently made varieties of M. marginata by the Holmgrens
(2004). All extended the distribution of cronquistii to north¬
western New Mexico without specimen citation. The only New
Mexican specimen I have seen with abaxially pubescent petals
(G.A. Marley 1840 UNM) has the narrow, almost linear cauline
leaves of var. cronquistii , but the 5 petals and 5 petaloid outer
stamens of var. marginata. Normally, I would give more taxo¬
nomic weight to flower characteristics than to leaf shape, but
have only seen this one odd New Mexican specimen that is well
outside the documented range of marginata. Plants with abaxi-
ally pubescent petals barely enter San Juan County and it is
unlikely that both taxa are represented here, so I have con¬
formed to the prevailing notion that only var. cronquistii occurs
in New Mexico. Our single New Mexican specimen is also
atypical in that the petals are greenish yellow and pubescent on
both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces, which could be something
new and undescribed.

Some progress is being made on the systematics of section
Bartonia with DNA and cladistic analyses. John Schenk is fin¬
ishing his dissertation on the phylogeny of this section and he

(Continued on page 4. Mentzelia)

Jgotang is the natural science that transmits the knowledge of plants.

— Linnaeus

m

(Mentzelia, continued from page 3)

and Larry Hufford are also preparing publications for at least
two new species in New Mexico (personal communication).
They should soon be bringing some important additions and
clarification to our understanding of Mentzelia in New Mexico.

Literature Cited

Allred, K.W. 2008. Flora Neomexicana I: The vascular plants
of New Mexico. An annotated checklist to the names of
vascular plants with synonymy and bibliography. Avail¬
able: lulu.com.

Christy, C.M. 1998. A new flora for Arizona in preparation:
Loasaceae - stickleaf or blazingstar family. Journal of the
Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 30(2):96- 111.
Darlington, J. 1934. A monograph of the genus Mentzelia. An¬
nals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 21:1 03-225.
Harrington, H.D. 1954. Manual of the plants of Colorado. The
Swallow Press Inc., Chicago, IL.

Holmgren, N.H. and P.K Holmgren. 2004. Lectotypification of
a name and a new combination in North American Mentze¬
lia. Brittonia 56(3):249-25 1 .

Holmgren, N.H., P.K Holmgren and A. Cronquist. 2005. Inter¬
mountain Flora, Vol. 2, Part B, subclass Dilleniidae. New
York Botanic Garden, Bronx, NY.

Martin, W.C. and C.R. Hutchins. 1981. A Flora of New Mex¬
ico. Vol. 2. Vaduz, West Germany, J. Cramer.

NMBCC. 2009. The NMBCC Gateway to New Mexico Biodi¬
versity [web application]. Version 1.0. The New Mexico
Biodiversity Collections Consortium, New Mexico, USA.
Available at http://NMBiodiversity.org. (Accessed: June
2009).

Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 1996a. Colorado flora: West¬
ern slope. University Press of Colorado. Niwott.

Weber, W.A. and R.C. Wittmann. 1996b. Colorado flora: East¬
ern slope. University Press of Colorado. Niwott.

Wooton, E.O. and P.C. Standley. 1915. Flora of New Mexico.
Contributions to the U.S. National Herbarium 19:1-794.

Book Review: “Dry Storeroom No. 1: The Secret Life of the Natural History Museum”

By Richard Fortey
Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 335 pp.

“Fortey, senior paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London, here turns his eye to the inner workings of a natural his¬
tory museum. Though a paleontologist and an expert on trilobites, Fortey looks at all of the major departments of the museum, ex¬
amining how they work, providing brief backgrounds on the sciences themselves, and telling stories of many of the museum's sci¬
entists both past and present. Explaining how science works through his stories from the museum, Fortey tells of truffles and how
they illustrate the science of taxonomy; the Piltdown Man fraud and how more modem techniques exposed the hoax; how one of the
ichthyologists found a lost Mozart manuscript while searching for a sixteenth-century book’s illustration of a herring; and how the
“First Law of Museums” — never throw anything away — turned up a cast of the Koh-i-noor diamond made before it was recut. Well
illustrated with photos, this chatty book meanders from tale to tale in the endlessly fascinating manner of a good storyteller.” —
Nancy Bent, Booklist

“Fortey. . . in his affectionate portrayal of the institution in which he spent his working life. . . sneaks us behind the scenes with all
the glee of a small child seeing for the first time the museum's iconic Diplodocits skeleton . . .always authoritative. . . the beauty of
the book is that - just like a museum - you can visit the different sections in any order you choose, lingering in the places that most
take your fancy. . . and there is plenty of solid science to enjoy, elucidated with brilliant flair.” — Sunday Times

“Fortey has a scientist's regard for fact but a poet's delight in wonder. This is a rare intoxicating insight into a hidden community
intent on unlocking the universe's myriad secrets.” — Metro

"Engaging. . . .Fortey's writing is enough to make the behind-the-scenes work of the museum totally fascinating. . . . (his) delightful
book, like the museum it describes, is both rambling and elegant." — Sunday Telegraph

“This book is worthy of the place it tells us about, and that is a pretty lofty chunk of praise.” — The Times

“Richard Fortey's wonderful book . . . shows the unspectacular elements of the museum collection as the most interesting part of its
work, while placing the well-known exhibits in a new and often comical light. . . with eccentricity flourishing unchecked among its
staff Fortey has amassed a brilliant collection of anecdotes about their habits.” — Daily Telegraph

Page 5

\T/

If

Heuchera in New Mexico

by Patrick Alexander

Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003

This key is based primarily on the key to New Mexico Heuchera published in 2008 with the description of Heuchera wood-
siaphila (Alexander 2008), with the addition of H. hallii, recently found in Colfax County, New Mexico (Hartman el al. 2006), but
overlooked in preparation of the previous key. Examination of specimens of H. hallii kindly sent by Dr. Hartman also requires
some reassessment of the affinities of H. woodsiaphila of the Capitan Mountains. Based on the most recent comprehensive treat¬
ment of the genus (Rosendahl et al. 1936), H. woodsiaphila is a member of Heuchera section Holochloa subsection Cylindricae,
which is separated from section Holochloa subsection Novomexicanae primarily by having apetalous flowers greater than 5 mm
long. Subsection Cylindricae is composed of several species of the northwestern United States, of which the nearest populations to
New Mexico occur in northeastern Nevada. However, in comparing H. woodsiaphila to H. hallii of subsection Novomexicanae 1
find the two essentially indistinguishable except that petals are absent in the former and present in the latter. This suggests that H.
woodsiaphila fits the normal pattern of endemics to the greater Sacramento Mountains, being closely allied to species of the Rocky
Mountains, rather than being a wide disjunct from a group of species otherwise found far to the northwest. However, more reliable
resolution of inffageneric taxa in Heuchera awaits a much-needed phylogenetic analysis of the genus.

Heuchera

[for Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677-1747), Gennan professor of medicine and botany at Wittenberg, specializing in medicinal plants]

1 Stamens equal to or exceeding the sepals

2 Inflorescence panicle-like, open...//, rubescens Torrey PINK ALUMROOT. Crevices of rocky cliffs and outcrops in the moun¬
tains.

2 Inflorescence raceme-like, narrow. ..+//. pulchella Wooton & Standley SANDIA ALUMROOT. Endemic to New Mexico, lime¬
stone cliffs in the Sandia and Manzano Mountains.

1 Stamens shorter than the sepals

3 Flowers deep pink to red...//, sanguinea Engelmann CORAL-BELLS. Moist, shaded, rocky places in the southwestern moun¬
tains.

3 Flowers greenish white to yellowish

4 Hypanthia deeply campanulate; petals erect and shorter than to equalling the sepals, or absent
5 Sepals 2.5—4 mm long

6 Petals absent. ..+//. woodsiaphila P.J. Alexander Capitan ALUMROOT. Forested granitic talus, known only from the Ca¬
pitan Mountains.

6 Petals present...//, hallii Gray Front Range ALUMROOT. Stream banks and moist rocky outcrops in the northern
mountains, as yet known only from Colfax County.

5 Sepals less than 2 mm long

7 Sepals glandular-puberulent, the longest hairs < 0.2 mm...//, novomexicana Wheelock New Mexico ALUMROOT.

Rocky mountain slopes and ledges.

7 Sepals glandular-hirsute, the longest hairs 0.3— 0.6 mm long...//, glomerulata Rosendahl, Butters, & Lakela CH1RICA-
hua ALUMROOT. Shaded rocky slopes in the mountains of the bootheel region.

4 Hypanthia shallow, saucer-shaped; petals spreading, usually longer than the sepals, rarely equaling them
8 Petioles hirsute with long, spreading, gland-tipped hairs to 3—6 mm long as well as glandular-puberulent. ..+//. wootonii
Rydberg Wooton’S ALUMROOT. Endemic to New Mexico, rocky outcrops and brushy mountain slopes in Catron, Fin-
coin, and Otero counties.

8 Petioles glandular-puberulent only, without long, spreading hairs...//, parvifolia Nuttall ex Torrey & Gray LITTLE-LEAF
ALUMROOT. Rock outcrops and crevices of ledges and cliffs in the mountains.

Literature Cited

P.J. Alexander, 2008. Heuchera woodsiaphila (Saxifragaceae), a new species from the Capitan Mountains of New Mexico. J. Bot.
Res. Inst. Texas 2( 1 ) 447-453.

R.L. Hartman, B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, and B. Jacobs, 2006. New vascular plant records for New Mexico. Sida 22(2): 1225-1233.

C.O. Rosendahl, F.K. Butters, and O. Lakela, 1936. A monograph on the genus Heuchera. University of Minnesota Press, Minnea¬
polis, Minnesota. Minnesota Stud. PI. Sci. No. 2.

Founded in 1996, SO BE FREE (Spring Outing, Botanical Excursion, Foray, Retreat, and Escape to the Environment!) is
a series of Western Bryological Forays started by the Bryolab at UC Berkeley, but open to all botanists. The main focus is on bryophytes, but we
also encourage experts on other groups to come along and smell the liverworts. We welcome specialists and generalists, professionals and ama¬
teurs, master bryologists and rank beginners. SO BE FREE is held each spring, somewhere in the Western U.S., associated with spring break at
universities. The usual tradition is to have a four-day, three-night schedule with communal meals, in inexpensive and remote locations. Evening
slide shows and informal talks are presented as well as keying sessions with microscopes. In addition to seeing interesting wild areas and learn¬
ing new plants, important goals for SO BE FREE include keeping western bryologists (and friends) in touch with each other and teaching begin¬
ners. For glimpses of the past outings, consult the SO BE FREE web site: http://ucieps.berkelev.edu/brvolab/trips/sobefree.php.

The 2010 SO BE FREE will be held in the Sacramento Mountains in south-central New Mexico, not far from White Sands National Monu¬
ment and the Trinity Site of atomic bomb fame. The Sacramento Mountains range from 4500 ft in the foothills to nearly 12,000 ft at nearby Si¬
erra Blanca. The mountains are surrounded by Chihuahuan Desert and short-grass plains. The area is rather dry southern Rocky Mountain vege¬
tation, with woodlands and savannahs at the lower elevations, ranging through coniferous forests at mid-elevations, to subalpine forests at the
highest elevations. We will visit sites mostly in the mountains, at springs, seeps, and shaded north-slopes, but hope to have a trip to the Chihua¬
huan Desert to examine biological soil crusts in the White Sands. Beginning bryologists are welcome. We will provide special learning activi¬
ties for beginners, as well as general field trips for all, from novice to specialist.

SO BE FREE 15 23-26 March 2010 Sacramento Mts, New Mexico

at Sacramento Methodist Assembly Camp & Conference Center <sacramentoassembly.org>

Name:

Mailing Address:

Phone: _ Email:

Room and Board (includes all fees, meals, beds, linen - everything for 3 nights, Mar 23, 24, 25). We will put everyone in Forrest
Lodge (motel-style with two beds and private bath) if possible, first-come-first-served, but those paying the Student Rate will be
housed in Aspen Lodge (beds & bunks, private bath) if necessary, as well as late-comers if space is limited. No one will be in
dorms.

[ ] One bed, sharing a room with one other person: $140 (after Jan 16, 2010 = $190) Gender: _

[ ] Couple in a room: $280 (after Jan 16, 2010 = $330)

[ ] One person in a room: $240 (after Jan 16, 2010 = $290)

[ ] Student Rate, for bona fide students living in poverty and others in genuine financial straits: one bed, sharing a room with one
or more persons: $65 (after Jan 16, 2010 = $1 15) Gender: _

Meal Preferences: [ ] no preference [ ] vegetarian

Special Dietary Needs: Please explain here any special dietary requirements you have, such as gluten or lactose intolerance; we
will visit with the food service people and notify you of the arrangements.

DEADLINE for regular rates: Money received by January 16, 2010.

Mail this form, with check made out to Range Science Herbarium, to - ►

Receipts will be provided by email when money is received.

All arrangements are being made by Kelly Allred. Contact me with
questions: kallred@nmsu.edu

Do NOT contact Sacramento Methodist Assembly for reservations.

Kelly Allred - SOBEFREE
New Mexico State University
MSC3I, PO Box 30003
Las Cruces, NM 88003

Page 7

?

Plant Distribution Reports

New records and significant distribution reports for New Mexico plants should be documented by complete collection information and disposition
of a specimen (herbarium). Exotic taxa are indicated by an asterisk (*), endemic taxa by a cross (+).

— Ken Heil [San Juan College, 4601 College Blvd., Farmington, NM 87402 ] &

Steve O'Kane Jr. [University of Northern Iowa, 1227 W. 27th St., Cedar Falls,
I A 50614]

Elatine chileitsis A. Gray (Elatinaceae, waterwort): Taos County:
State hwy 567, about 2.5 miles east of US 285, N 36°2 1.760
W105°5 1.026, stock pond above large ravine, 7100 ft, 20 June
2008. Ken Heil 29439. with Steve O’Kane & Wayne Mietty
(SJNM).

— Richard Worthington [PO Box 13331, El Paso, TX 79912]

Cyperus pseudothyrsiflorus (Kukenthal) R. Carter & S. D. Jones

(Cyperaceae): Dona Ana County: Organ Mts, 0.3 air miles
north from top of Organ Needle (south of Aguirre Springs and
upper Pine Tree Trail), T22S. R4E, Sec. 32, NW of SW, 7500-
8000 ft, 29 Aug 1992, Worthington. R.D. 21452 (UTEP, SAT,
NMC).

— Kelly Allred [Dept. Animal & Range Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., Las

Cruces, NM 88003]

*Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelmann) F.N. Knuth (Cactaceae,

teddy-bear cholla): Dona Ana County: Las Cruces, Las Alturas
subdivision, undeveloped land among the residential properties,
adjacent to and west of Maxim Court, N32° 15.633 W106°
43.294, Chihuahuan Desert scrub and wash vegetation with
mesquite and desert willow, sandy ground, 4020 ft, small

population of about 15 plants, photos by Allred, no specimens
taken.

flowers yellow, small stream and ponds at hatchery, at edge of
water, 4 June 1965, J.R. Crutchfield 121 (NY) (Det. B. Ertter).
[This marks the first verified specimen of this species from New

Mexico. The specimen may be viewed at the New York
Botanical Garden Virtual Herbarium website — http://
sciweb.nybg.org/science2/hcol/allvasc/index.asp. Thanks to Pat
Holmgren for calling this to our attention.]

Botanical Literature of Interest

Adams, R.P. & J.A. Bartel. 2009. Geographic variation in

Hesperocyparis ( Cupressus ) arizonica and H. glabra: RAPDs
analysis. Phytologia 91(1 ):244-250.

Adams, R.P., J.A. Bartel, & R.A. Price. 2009. A new genus,

Hesperocyparis , for the cypresses of the western hemisphere.
Phytologia 91 ( 1): 160-1 85.

Allred, K.W. 2009. Flora Neomexicana 1 : The Vascular Plants of
New Mexico - downloadable version, available at lulu.com

Bell. H.L. & J.T. Columbus. 2008. Proposal for an expanded

Distichlis (Poaceae, Chloridoideae): Support from molecular,
morphological, and anatomical characters. Syst. Bot. 33(3 ):536-
551.

Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. & J.T. Columbus. 2009. C3 photosynthesis in
Aristida longifolia : Implication for photosynthetic
diversification in Aristidoideae (Poaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 96
(8): 1 379- 1 387.

Chu, G-L., & S.C. Sanderson. 2008(2009). The genus Kocliia

(Chenopodiaceae) in North America. Madrono 55(4):25 1-256.
[segregation of native North American members as Neokochia ]

Costea, M. & S. Stefanovic. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the
Cuscuta californica complex (Convolvulaceae) and a new
species from New Mexico and Trans-Pecos. Syst. Bot. 34(3 ):570-
579.

Gernandt, D.S., S. Hemandez-Leon, E. Salgado-Hernandez. & J.A.
Perez de la Rosa. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of Pinas
subsection Ponderosae inferred from rapidly evolving cpDNA
regions. Syst. Bot. 34(3):48 1 -49 1 . [evidence in favor of elevating
var. scopulorum & var. arizonica to specific rank]

Henrickson. J. 2009. New names in Chamaesaracha (Solanaceae).
Phytologia 9 1 ( 1 ): 1 86- 1 88.

Nesom, G.L. 2009. Thymophylla tenuiloba and T. wrightii
(Asteraceaes: Tageteae). Phytologia 91(1 ):333-339.

Pellmyr, O.. K.A. Segraves, D.M. Althoff. M. Balcazar-Lara, & J.
Leebens-Mack. 2007. The phylogeny of yuccas. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution 43:493-501.

Rothfels, C.J., M.D. Windham, A.L. Grusz, G.J. Gastony, & K.M.

Pry or. 2008. Toward a monophyletic Notholaena (Pteridaceae):
resolving patterns of evolutionary convergence in xeric-
adapted ferns. Taxon 57(3 ):7 1 2-724.

Sorvig. R.W. 1953. Southwestern plant names from Spanish.

American Speech 28(2):97- 1 05.

Turner. B.L. 2009. Biological status of the varietal taxa of

Thymophylla pentachaeta (Asteraceae: Tageteae). Phytologia 91
(l):340-346.

Weber. W.A. & R.C. Wittmann. 2009. Delwiensia , a new genus of
Asteracease. Phytologia 91(1 ):92-94. [for Artemisia pattersonii J

Publication and
Subscription Information

“The New Mexico Botanist" is
published irregularly (as information
accrues) at no charge. You may be
placed on the mailing list by sending
your name and complete mailing
address to the editor:

Kelly Allred

The New Mexico Botanist

MSC Box 3-1

New Mexico State University

Las Cruces, NM 88003
or

Email: kallred@nmsu.edu

Page 8

The famed explorer of Africa, Mungo Park, having been captured by natives and then es¬
caped, spied a little moss, Fissidens bryoides, while lying on the ground in desperate straits
and despair, as recorded in his Travels in the Interior of Africa (1878):

"I considered my fate as certain, and that I had no alternative but to lie down
and perish. ... At this moment, painful as my reflections were, the extraordinary
beauty of a small moss in fructification irresistibly caught my eye. I mention this
to shew from what trifling circumstances the mind will sometime derive consola¬
tion; for though the whole plant was not larger than the top of one of my fingers, I
could not contemplate the delicate conformation of it roots, leaves, and capsula
without admiration. Can that Being (thought I), who planted, watered, and
brought to perfection in this obscure part of the world a thing which appears of so
small importance, look with unconcern upon the situation and sufferings of crea¬
tures formed after his own image? Surely not! Reflections like these would not
allow me despair. I started up, and disregarding both hunger and fatigue, travelled
forwards, assured that relief was at hand."

Available on-line at http://
cahe.nmsu.edu/academics/
rangescienceherbarium/

Kelly Allred

w

Cooperative Extension Service

YY

U.S. Department of Agriculture

New Mexico State University

Ttav Wcxico

Las Cruces, NM 88003

£>ofa*ic4t

DIETARY .

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William R. Buck ,

Institute of Systematic Botany

New York Botanical toden

Bronx, NY 10458-5126. U.S.A.

New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity employer. All programs are available to everyone regardless of race, color, </> x>
religion, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. New Mexico State University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.

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