1 I E> RARY

OF THE

UN IVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS

590.5

FI
V.28-Z9

The person charging this material is re-
sponsible for its return to the library from
which it was withdrawn on or before the
Latest Date stamped below.

Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books
are reasons for disciplinary action and may
result in dismissal from the University.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

F

L161 — O-1096

.5

l ZOOLOGICAL SERIES

OF
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Volume 29 CHICAGO, DECEMBER 20, 1944 No. 15

NEW NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS

BY ROBERT TRAUB

During the course of investigations of adult and larval Sipho-
naptera in the collections of Cornell University and the University
of Illinois, several apparently undescribed genera and species
were discovered. One new genus and four new species are herein
described. The war has interrupted further studies, especially on
the collections from Mexico and Central America in Field Museum,
and on my own Mexican collections. I am indebted to Dr. W. L.
Jellison of the United States Public Health Service, Dr. M. A.
Stewart of the University of California, and Mr. George P. Holland
of the Department of Agriculture of British Columbia for aid in the
study of Doratopsylla hamiltoni sp. nov., and to Dr. Karl Jordan,
of the British Museum, for advice regarding the new genus Jellisonia.
My thanks are due also to Dr. Robert Matheson of Cornell Univer-
sity, to Professor J. S. Stanford of the Utah State Agricultural
College, and to Mr. William J. Gerhard, Curator of Insects at Field
Museum of Natural History, for making possible the study of the
collections in their charge. The type of Jellisonia klotsi and para-
types of the remaining new forms have been deposited in Field
Museum.

Family Ceratophyllidae

Subfamily Ceratophyllinae

Tribe Ceratophilini

Jellisonia1 gen. nov.

Genotype Jellisonia klotsi sp. nov.

1 The genus is named for Dr. W. L. Jellison of the United States Public
Health Service, who has contributed much to the knowledge of North American
Siphonaptera.

No. 566 211

THE LIBRARY OF THE

V JANG 1945 <

212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29.'.

Diagnosis. — A genus of fleas nearly related to Pleochaetis
Jordan (1933, p. 77). Distinguished from Pleochaetis by having
the dorso-lateral bristles of the tibiae, from middle to apex, short
and virtually uniform, forming a comb as in PeromyscopsyUa and
Leptopsylla; further distinguished in having a prominent stout
bristle directed cephalad, near the apex of the distal arm of the
ninth sternum in the male; male with eighth sternum and eighth
tergum spiculose, and with the intersegmental membrane between
the eighth and ninth segments more or less expanded and spiculose;
body of receptaculum seminis of female strongly convex above,
somewhat concave below, its dorsal and ventral surfaces thus almost
parallel; style of female without a dorsal bristle, with one long
apical bristle and one shorter ventral one; style elongate, about
four times as long as its width at the base.

The genus Jettisonia is found on various mice in Mexico. The
author's collection includes undescribed species collected in Nuevo
Leon, Vera Cruz, and Michoacan.

Jellisonia klotsi1 sp. nov.

Type from Cerro Tancitaro, near Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico.
Altitude 8,000 feet. A male in the collection of Field Museum of
Natural History. Collected from a harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys
c. chrysopsis, July 12, 1941, by Robert Traub (Fourth Hoogstraal
Biological Expedition to Mexico).

Paratypes. — Twelve males and seven females, 7,800 to 10,500
feet altitude, on Cerro Tancitaro, July 5-24, 1941, all from the same
mouse. Allotype from same specimen as the type, also in Field
Museum of Natural History. Paratypes to be distributed.

Diagnosis. — Head, male and female: Frons evenly rounded, with
median tubercle small but distinct; stippled cephalad of first row of
bristles; preantennal region with three rows of bristles, the anterior
row somewhat irregular, with eight bristles, smallest near base of
antenna; middle row with four well-developed bristles; posterior
row with three large bristles, the largest cephalad and dorsad of eye;
a series of about four tiny hairs inserted along antennal groove
cephalad and dorsad of eye. Eye conspicuous, well pigmented.
Genal process fairly broad, becoming acuminate. A small seta near
base of four-segmented maxillary palpus; maxilla an acute triangle,
extending to apex of second segment of five-segmented labial palpus;

1 The species is named for Dr. A. B. Klots, who has helped the author on
innumerable occasions.

/=/

1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 213

labial palpus about three-quarters length of forecoxa. Bristles on
second antennal segment short, shorter than or subequal to second
segment. A row of tiny hairs caudad of first antennal segment and
of antennal groove; postantennal region with three rows of bristles,
the most anterior row with four bristles; the middle with five; the
caudal with five or six large bristles, with some small intercalated
hairs.

Thorax: Eighteen spines in pronotal ctenidium; a row of five
bristles cephalad on each side, a few fine hairs intercalated between
some of the bristles. Mesonotum and metanotum each with three
rows of bristles, but first row very incomplete. Mesepisternum with
two bristles, one larger median, and one smaller, and with one fairly
large bristle near ventro-caudal border. Mesepimeron with three
rows of bristles, three, three, and two; the two posterior ones the
longer. Supraepisternum of metathorax well developed, with two
caudal bristles; infraepisternum with one bristle in dorso-caudal
angle. Metaepimeron with bristles in two irregular rows of four,
plus one in the dorso-caudal angle.

Legs: Prothoracic femora with about ten small thin lateral
bristles; meso- and metathoracic femora with one each. Apical
half of pro- and mesotibiae with dorso-lateral bristles short and sub-
equal, forming a comb. Comb extending proximad of middle on
hind tibia. Protibiae about equal to length of proximal three tarsal
segments; mesotibiae and hind tibiae shorter than proximal two seg-
ments of respective tarsi. Basal segment of protarsus about equal
to second and fifth, but longer than third and fourth. Basal segment
of midtarsus slightly shorter than second and third combined ; second
almost equal to third and fourth combined, and slightly longer
than fifth. Basal segment of hind tarsus about equal to second
and third combined; second equal to third and fourth combined; fifth
and third subequal. Fourth segment in each case the smallest.
Distal tarsal segment of each leg with four pairs of lateral plantar
bristles and a somewhat displaced median basal pair.

Abdomen: Both sexes with two rows of bristles on abdominal
segments 2-6; cephalic row of small bristles, not reaching spiracles;
caudal row of larger bristles extending ventrad to level of spiracles;
tiny hairs intercalated between those of larger row. One bristle on
each side on basal sternum.

Sexual differences in abdomen : First tergum of male with one or
two teeth on each side and with three rows of bristles, the first row
very incomplete; second and third terga with two teeth on each side,

214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

fourth with one. Female with first tergum with three rows of bristles,
first row very incomplete; with tergal teeth as follows: 1, 2, 2, 1.

In female, sterna 3-6 bear bristles on each side as follows: 3, 2
(or 3), 2, 2. Male with these bristles 2, 2, 2, 1. Male with middle
antepygidial bristle well developed, others vestigial. Female with
three antepygidial bristles, middle one twice length of others.

Subfamily Neopsyllinae

Tribe Neopsyllini
Epitedia Stanford!1 sp. nov.

Type from Fillmore, Millard County, Utah. In Field Museum
of Natural History. Collected from Peromyscus truei Shufeldt,
October 21, 1939, by L. Leatham and J. S. Stanford.

Paratypes. — Allotype female, with the same data as type, in
Field Museum of Natural History. An additional male and two
females in the author's private collection.

Diagnosis. — Separated from all known Epitedia by the prominent
caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group of
antepygidial bristles. This projection is especially developed in
the male. Also characteristic in that the apical portion of the distal
arm of the ninth sternum bears eight small teeth, in addition to the
larger four along the margin, and in that the tenth sternum of the
female bears only one long bristle on its ventrocephalic angle, not a
clump of two or three bristles.

Near Epitedia wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642), the immovable
process of the male clasper being divided into a cephalic and a caudal
process, the cephalic process extending farther dorsad than the cau-
dal one; no spiniforms at the ventro-caudal margin of the movable
finger or exopodite; caudal margin of the exopodite straight, not
concave; the tail of the receptaculum seminis of the female clearly
extending into the head; dorsal and ventral antepygidial bristles
each about one-third the length of the middle one. Separated from
E. wenmanni by the distal arm of the ninth sternum of the male
being straight, not elbowed, and bearing marginal hairs as far
apically as the smaller spines, not merely proximad of the spines;
the apical portion of the distal arm of the ninth sternum with eight
small teeth, in two rows of six and two, in addition to the four

1 This species is named for Professor J. S. Stanford, who has contributed much
to our knowledge of Siphonaptera.

1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 215

large marginal teeth. E. wenmanni, in contrast, has only four
small ventral teeth in addition to the marginal four. The new
species has the caudal margin of the caudal process of the male
immovable clasper trigonal, not rounded, and bearing some bristles
in a row for two-thirds its length instead of merely a few at the apex
and one far ventrad at the base of the exopodite; the receptaculum
seminis of the female is longer and narrower than that of E. wen-
manni, the maximum width of the head being only twice the diameter
of the tail where it enters the head, not three times; and the seventh
sternum of the female bears a shallower, more evenly rounded sinus
than that of E. wenmanni.

Although the receptaculum seminis of E. stanfordi is much like
that of Epitedia faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 34), the species are very
distinct. In E. faceta the male bears two recurved spiniforms at
the ventro-caudal angle of the exopodite, the caudal margin of the
exopodite is concave, and the cephalic lobe of the immovable process
is at a level with the caudal lobe. Additional differences are pointed
out in the key and in the discussion of E. faceta below.

Epitedia faceta Rothschild.

Neopsylla faceta Rothschild, Ectoparasites, 1, p. 32, 1915; Chapin, Bull.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 14, p. 50, 1919; Jordan, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 176, 1929.

Epitedia faceta Jordan, Nov. Zool., 41, p. 124, 1938; Fox, Fleas of Eastern
U. S., p. 98, 1940; Wagner, Zeit. Parasit., 11, p. 465, 1940.

This flea has been known only from the original pair described
by Rothschild. A small series of fleas in the collection at Cornell
University agrees almost exactly with the original description.
There are two males and two females from Glaucomys volans, the
flying squirrel, taken at Ithaca, New York, by D. E. Sollberger,
September 14, 1937, and one male and two females probably taken
on the same host and in the same locality by Professor J. S. Stanford,
January 9, 1928. Two pairs of these specimens are now in the Cornell
University Collection and the remainder are in my own collection.
While the types of this species came from a red squirrel, Sciurus
hudsonicus, there is some indication that it may be characteristic of
Glaucomys and may be a nest form.

KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES OF EPITEDIA IN THE UNITED STATES
Males (the male of E. testor Rothschild is not known)

1. Process of clasper undivided 2

Process of clasper divided to form two lobes 3

216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

2. Exopodite or movable finger about three times as long as wide at greatest

point; dorsal margin of apex of distal arm of ninth sternum evenly rounded,
not peaked.

E. scapani Wagner (1936b, p. 657) = E. jordani Hubbard (1940, p. 10)

Exopodite or movable finger about four or five times as long as wide at greatest
point; dorsal margin of distal arm of ninth sternum angulate or with a peak
near the apex, not even rounded E. stewarti Hubbard (1940, p. 11)

3. With a prominent caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group

of antepygidial bristles; apex of distal arm of ninth sternum with about eight
spines or teeth in addition to the larger marginal four; caudal border of
caudal process trigonal, not evenly rounded E. stanfordi sp. nov.

Without a prominent caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each
group of antepygidial bristles; apex of distal arm of ninth sternum with only
three or four spines in addition to the larger marginal four, although perhaps
with one or two hairs; caudal margin of caudal process evenly rounded, not
angular 4

4. Exopodite or movable finger with caudal margin definitely concave and bearing

two recurved spiniforms at the ventro-caudal angle; apex of cephalic process
nearly on a level with that of caudal process; with only three spines, and a few
stout hairs, proximad of the marginal four teeth on the apex of the distal
arm of the ninth sternum E. faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 32)

Exopodite or movable finger with a straight caudal border, not concave, and
without recurved spiniforms at the ventro-caudal angle; apex of cephalic
process definitely extending more dorsad than caudal process; with four
spines proximad of the marginal four teeth on apex of the distal arm of the
ninth sternum E. wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642)

Females

1. Tail of receptaculum seminis deeply projecting into lumen of head (body);

head of receptaculum seminis concave above; upper and lower antepygidial
bristles about one-third the length of the middle one 2

Tail of receptaculum seminis not evidently projecting into head (body); head
of receptaculum seminis convex above, upper and lower antepygidial bristles
very small, only about one-fourth the length of the middle one 5

2. With a definite, caudally directed process, immediately ventrad to each group

of antepygidial bristles; with only one long bristle on the ventro-cephalic
angle of the tenth sternum (substylar flap); head of receptaculum seminis
definitely concave above, relatively narrow, and at its maximum only about
twice the width of the tail where it enters the head . . . . E. stanfordi sp. nov.

Without a caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group of
antepygidial bristles; with a group of two or three bristles at the ventro-
anterior angle of the tenth sternum (substylar flap); head of receptaculum
seminis as above or shallowly concave dorsally, and wider, about three times
the width of the tail where it enters the head 3

3. Seventh sternum with three long bristles and three or four short ones on each

side (known only from one female, which is in England, and original descrip-
tion) E. testor Rothschild (1915b, p. 34)

Seventh sternum with four or five long bristles and five to seven shorter ones on
each side. . . 4

1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 217

4. Head of receptaculum seminis definitely concave above, relatively narrow,

being at its maximum only twice the width of the tail where it enters the
head; seventh sternum on each side with a row of four long bristles, a dorsal
group of two and a ventral group of two, and five cephalic and ventro-
cephalic small ones; labial palpus extending about seven-eighths of the length
of the forecoxa E. faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 32)

Head of receptaculum seminis shallowly or scarcely concave dorsally, wider,
being at its maximum about three times the width of the tail where it enters
the head; seventh sternum on each side with five long bristles in a more dorsal
group of three and a more ventral group of two, and cephalad to these are
seven smaller ones; labial palpus extending only two-thirds or three-quarters
the length of the forecoxa E. wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642)

5. Sinus of seventh sternum evenly rounded, like half an ellipse, shallow; lobe of

this sinus of seventh sternum also evenly rounded.

E. stewarti Hubbard (1940, p. 11)

Sinus of seventh sternum deeper but not evenly rounded, somewhat like a
quarter of a circle; lobe of this sinus of seventh sternum ventrally somewhat
extended caudally, at times acutely.

E. scapani Wagner (1936b, p. 657) = E.jordani Hubbard (1940, p. 10)

Family Ctenopsyllidae

Subfamily Ctenopsyllinae

Tribe Ctenopsyllini

Peromyscopsylla duma sp. nov.

Type from Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. A male in the
collection of Field Museum of Natural History. Collected from
Microtus sp., September 1, 1938, by Professor J. S. Stanford.

Paratypes. — Ten females, from Microtus sp. (allotype from
Logan), Clethrionomys sp., and Peromyscus sp., from Logan and
Hyrum, Cache County, Utah, August and September, 1938, all
collected by J. S. Stanford. One allotype and one paratype in
Field Museum of Natural History.

Diagnosis. — Related to Peromyscopsylla selenis Rothschild (1906,
p. 322) in that the distal arm of the ninth sternum of the male lacks
marginal bristles in the apical half and bears three bristles and a
proximad row of hairs near its base. Distinct in that the apical
margin of the eighth sternum of the male bears only three long
bristles and one small hair on each side, instead of four long bristles
and two small hairs; in that the ventral margin of this sternum has
a definite sinus and is not straight as in P. selenis; the lowest large
bristle along the caudal border of the exopodite of the male is dorsal
to the midpoint of the margin, while in P. selenis this bristle is

218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

definitely ventral to the midpoint; the caudal margin of the ex-
opodite is not semicircular but is ventrally straighter so that the
exopodite is somewhat triangular, with a rounded dorsal apex. The
seventh sternum of the female has a very shallow wide sinus that
extends almost from the ventral margin to the dorsal lobe, in con-
trast to P. selenis, which bears a small, deeper sinus that is only as
wide as the lobe ventrad. In the new species the female seventh
sternum bears six or seven long bristles in a row while that of P.
selenis has five bristles in an irregular line.

The related Peromyscopsylla catatina is easily separated from
the new species. P. catatina bears only three bristles on each side
of the eighth sternum of the male, not seven as in the new species,
and the ninth sternum of the male bears a series of five or six longish
bristles near the base of the distal arm, not three. The apical margin
of the seventh sternum of the female of P. catatina is very different
also, and bears a ventrally directed shallow short sinus, and the mar-
gin ventrad of the sinus is convex. In P. duma the sinus is so shallow
and wide that it extends to the ventral margin.

Tribe Doratopsyllini
Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) hamiltoni1 sp. nov.

Type from Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois. A male,
in the collection of Field Museum of Natural History. Collected
from short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Say, November 17, 1940,
by Robert Traub.

Paratypes. — The allotype, in Field Museum of Natural His-
tory, from the same species of shrew as the type, taken at Piper
City, Iroquois County, Illinois, by E. J. Koestner and Robert
Traub. Five males and two females from Urbana and Champaign,
1939 and 1940, also from Blarina brevicauda (two in Field Museum
of Natural History). Two females from lesser short- tailed shrew,
Cryptotis parva Say, collected at Ithaca, New York, by W. J. Hamil-
ton, Jr.

Diagnosis. — Near Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) curvata Roths-
child (1915a, p. 25) but the genal process above the last genal spine
wider, as wide as the last genal spine; without processes or projec-
tions between the two groups of antepygidial bristles in the male;

1 This flea is named for Dr. W. J. Hamilton, Jr., of the Department of Zoology,
Cornell University, who has collected some of the paratypes of this species from
Cryptotis parva.

1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 219

and the eye vestigial and represented only by the outlines. In D.
curvata the genal process is narrower than the last genal spine; the
eye appears as a relatively pigmented triangular area above the last
genal spine; and both sexes bear a pair of processes between the two
groups of antepygidial bristles. In the male of the new species the
dorsal process of the clasper is somewhat longer than the ventral
process and there is no small triangular projection or lobe at the
point of junction of the dorsal and ventral processes. In D. curvata
there is a small but distinct lobe between the processes of the clasper,
and, according to Rothschild (1915a, p. 27), the processes are of equal
length. However, in Montana specimens of D. curvata the dorsal
process seems shorter than the ventral. Unlike D. curvata, D.
hamiltoni lacks a hair on the apex of the caudal margin of the ventral
process. The ventral process seems shorter and broader in the new
species, and the exopodite or movable finger is smaller and wider
than that of D. curvata. The caudal border of the apex of the distal
arm of the ninth sternum of D. hamiltoni is rounded, not angular
like that of D. curvata. In the female of D. hamiltoni the dorsal lobe
of the seventh sternum is rounded, not straight like that of D.
curvata and there is no sinus ventrad of the acute tip; and the head
of the receptaculum seminis is shorter and broader. The tail of the
receptaculum seminis is somewhat dilated at the apex instead of
being evenly rounded as in D. curvata.

Remarks. — Dr. Jordan in 1929 reported the occurrence of D. cur-
vata on Blarina in the Adirondacks of New York state. It would be
interesting to compare his specimens with the Illinois and Ithaca,
New York, specimens of hamiltoni. D. curvata is a western species,
and while it may occur in New York state, Jordan's specimens may
prove to be referable to hamiltoni.

REFERENCES

HUBBARD, C. A.

1940. American Mole and Shrew Fleas. Pacific Univ. Bull., 37, 12 pp., 2 pis.

JORDAN, KARL

1929. On a Small Collection of Siphonaptera from the Adirondacks. . . . Nov.

Zool., 35, pp. 168-177, 3 figs.
1933. A Survey of the Classification of the American Species of Ceratophyllus s.

lat. Nov. Zool., 39, pp. 70-79.

ROTHSCHILD, N. C.

1904. Further Contributions to the Knowledge of the Siphonaptera. Nov.

Zool., 11, pp. 602-653, pis. 7-16.
1906. Three New Canadian Fleas. Canad. Ent., 38, pp. 321-325, figs. 41-44.

220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

1915a. Further Notes on Siphonaptera fracticipita. Ectoparasites, 1, pp. 25-29,

figs. 28-31.
1915b. On Neopsylla and Some Allied Genera of Siphonaptera. Ectoparasites,

1, pp. 30-44, figs. 32-47.

WAGNER, J.

1929. Ueber die Nordamerikanische Ceratophylli. Konowia, 8, pp. 316-318.
1936a. The Fleas of British Columbia. Canad. Ent., 68, pp. 193-207, pi. 2.
1936b. Neue Nordamerikanischer Floharten. Zeit. Parasit., 8, pp. 654-658,

8 figs.
1939. Aphaniptera, in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 13, Teil

F, pp. 1-114, 100 figs.

INDEX

Current names in roman type, synonyms in italic type, new names in bold-
faced type.

abrocodon, Phyllotis, 194
Acanthis linaria, 189
Acanthopneuste kennicotti, 188
Acmaea (Collisella) asmi, 14

persona, 15

scabra, 14
Acris crepitans, 100

acrotricha, Helicigona (Chilostoma), 21
adamsi, Gavia, 182

adamsianus, Brachidontes (Hormomya),
14

Mytilus (Hormomya), 16
aequinoctialis, Mordellistena, 127
aestuans, Sciurus, 192
Agama cornuta, 84, 106
Agelaius arctolegus, 189
Agkistrodon bilineatus, 113

pictigaster, 78, 94
Ailuridae, auditory region of skull, 42-

45, 50, 56

Ailuropoda melanoleuca, auditory re-
gion, 42

masticatory apparatus, 61 ff.
Ailurus fulgens, auditory region, 42, 56
Akodon alterus, 196

andinus, 196

boliviensis, 195

dolichonyx, 196

lutescens, 196

polius, 196

spegazzinii, 196

suhfuscus, 195

tucumanensis, 196
Alaba interruptelineata, 17
alascanus, Falco, 183
alascensis, Motacilla, 189
albifrons, Petrochelidon, 187
albofrenata, Hyla, 158
aliciae, Hylocichla, 188
alonensis, Iberus, 20
alterna, Lampropeltis, 78, 111, 141
alterniis, Ophibolus, 111
alterus, Akodon, 196
Alvania (Willetia) microglypta, 2
Amastridium sapperi, 136
Ameiva tesselata, 106
americana, Mareca, 183
Amphipholis pugetana, 15
anatum, Falco, 184
Ancistrodon bilineatm, 113
Andinomys lineicaudatus, 195
andinus, Akodon, 196
andium, Phyllotis, 194
angulata, Mordellistena, 129
annulata, Lampropeltis, 112

annulatus, Sceloporus, 78, 84, 104
Anthus spinoletta, 189
antillarum, Pecten (Nodipecten), 19
apicicornis, Mordella, 124
approximans, Holbrookia, 104
Area (Barbatia) reticulata, 19
arcticola, Otocoris, 187
arctolegus, Agelaius, 189
Arctonyx collaris, auditory region, 47
Arenaria interpres, 170

melanocephala, 170

morinella, 184
arenarius, Phyllotis, 194
arenicolor, Hyla, 81, 100
arescens, Proechimys, 198
argentatus, Larus, 186
Arizona elegans, 92, 111

jani, 145
Arquatella couesi, 185

kurilensis, 178

tschuktschorum, 174
arra, Uria, 186
asmi, Acmaea (Collisella), 14
Aspidonectes emoryi, 82, 103
atriceps, Homalocranium, 93, 112

Tantilla, 78, 93, 112
atripennis, Mordellistena, 131
atrox, Crotalus, 78, 94, 114
Auditory region, arctoid carnivores, 33
Auriculastra pellucens, 18
auritus, Colymbus, 183

baileyi, Crotaphytus, 78, 82, 103
bairdi, Elaphe, 78, 91

Pisobia, 184
barrovianus, Larus, 186
Bassaricyon medius, auditory region, 36
Bassariscus astutus, auditory region, 36
baueri, Limpsa, 185
Bears, masticatory apparatus, 61
bendirei, Falco, 184
berlandieri, Rana, 81, 100
bi annul tit a, Eunice, 15
bicolor, Iridoprocne, 187
bi cornuta, Polygyra (Daedalocheila), 18
bifurcatus, Septifer, 15, 16
bilineatus, Agkistrodon, 113

Ancistrodon, 113
blanchardi, Diadophis, 78, 89

Sonora, 78, 93
Blarina brevicauda, 218
boimensis, Proechimys, 199
boliviensis, Akodon, 195
borealis, Colaptes, 187
Botula californiensis, 8

221

222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

Brachidontes (Hormomya) adamsianus,

14

Brachyramphus brevirostris, 187
Bradypodidae, masticatory apparatus,

161

Brady pus, masticatory apparatus, 161
brevicauda, Blarina, 218

Proechimys, 201
brevilineatus, Eumeces, 78, 87
brevirostris, Brachyramphus, 187
brevis, Coleonyx, 78, 82
browni, Micrurus, 29
Bufo compactilis, 99

insidior, 79, 99

marinus, 99

punctatus, 79, 99

valliceps, 99

woodhousii, 79

calidior, Proechimys, 201
Calidris rufus, 184
californianus, Mytilus, 13, 14
calif ornica, Halosydna, 15
californiensis, Bptula, 8
callens, Mordellistena, 127
Callithaca staminea, 11
cana, Ficimia, 78, 93
Canidae, auditory ossicles, 54, 57

auditory region of skull, 34-36, 50
Canis familiaris, auditory region, 34

latrans, auditory region, 34

lupus, auditory region, 34
canum, Gyalopion, 139

Gyalopium, 93
carditoides, Petricola, 8
carinatipennis, Mordellistena, 125
Carnivores, arctoid, auditory region, 33
carolinus, Euphagus, 189
catatina, Peromyscopsylla, 218
Caudisona lepida, 94, 113, 151
cayennensis, Proechimys, 198
cesta, Cythara (Mangelia), 15
Chama (Chama) congregata, 19

felis, 19

chevrolati, Mordella, 124
Chloritis, 21

Choloepus, masticatory apparatus, 161
Chordeiles minor, 187
Chrysallida (Chrysallida) ornatis-
sima, 4

oregonensis, 7

ornatissima, 7
Chthamalus fissus, 14
cinctipes, Petrolisthes, 14
Cirolana harfordi, 14
Cistudo ornata, 82
cistula, Lasaea, 15, 16
Clethrionomys sp., 217
clypeata, Spatula, 183
Cnemidophorus grahamii, 78, 85

gularis, 78, 107

inornatus, 106

octolineatus, 78, 85, 107

perplexus, 78, 86

tessellatus, 78, 85, 106
coahuila, Terrapene, 101
Colaptes borealis, 187
Coleonyx brevis, 78, 82
Columbella (Alia) gausapata, 15
columbianus, Cygnus, 183
Colymbus auritus, 183
compactilis, Bufo, 99
compressa, Orthopyxis, 15
Conepatus mesoleucus, auditory region,

47

congregata, Chama (Chama), 19
consobrinus, Sceloporus, 78, 83, 105
Cooperella subdiaphana, 8

nest of, 12

Cophosaurus texanus, 82, 104
coralliophagus, Musculus (Gregariella),

19

cornuta, Agama, 84, 106
cornutum, Phrynosoma, 78, 84, 106
Corvus principalis, 188
couchii, Scaphiopus, 98

Sceloporus, 106
couesi, Arquatella, 173, 185

Erolia, 173

Crepidula (Janacus) nummaria, 15
crepitans, Acris, 100
Cribina xanthogrammatica, 14
Crotalus atrox, 78, 94, 114

lepidus, 78, 94, 113, 151

miquihuanus, 151

molossus, 78, 94, 114, 151

viridis, 114
Crotaphytus baileyi, 78, 82, 103

reticulatus, 103

wislizenii, 104
Cryptotis parva, 218
cuneiformis, Gastrochaena, 19
curvata, Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla),

218

Cyanocephala suecica, 188
Cygnus columbianus, 183
cyrtopsis, Eutaenia, 88, 108

Thamnophis, 78, 88, 107
Cythara (Mangelia) cesta, 15

darwini, Phyllotis, 194
darwinti, Phyllotis, 307
decumanus, Proechimys, 202
dekayi, Storeria, 149

Tropidonotus, 149
deserticqla, Salvadora, 78, 91
desmoulinsi, Helicigona (Chilostoma),

21

Diadophis blanchardi, 78, 89
diastema, Micrurus, 28
Diplodonta orbella, 8

nest of, 9

Dipsas septentrionalis, 143
dispar, Sceloporus, 105

INDEX

223

disparilis, Scelopprus, 105
dissecta, Glauconia, 87
dissectus, Leptotyphlops, 78, 87
distans, Micrurus, 28
dolichpnyx, Akpdpn, 196
dominica, Pluvialis, 184
Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) curvata,
218

hamiltoni, 218
dropkini, Mordellistena, 126
Drymarchon obsoletus, 110
Drymobius margaritiferus, 138
dulcis, Leptotyphlops, 135

Rena, 135

duma, Peromyscopsylla, 217
Dusicyon thous, auditory region, 34
dybasi, Mprdella, 123
dychei, Reithrodontomys, 206

Elaphe bairdi, 78, 91

laeta, 110

subocularis, 78, 91, 111
Elaps tenere, 113
elassopus, Proechimys, 203
elegans, Arizona, 78, 92, 111

Emys, 101

Pseudemys, 101
Eleutherodactylus latrans, 99
emoryi, Aspidonedes, 82, 103

Platypeltis, 78, 82, 103
Emys elegans, 101
Engystoma olivaceum, 100
Epitedia, 215 (key)

faceta, 215

Stanford!, 214

wenmanni, 214
Eremina hasselquisti, 20

zitteli, 20
Ereunetes mauri, 170, 184

pusillus, 170, 184
eriomerus, Petrolisthes, 14
Erolia couesi, 173

kurilensis, 178

ptilocnemis, 170

quarta, 177

tschuktschorum, 174
Erosaria (Ocellaria) spurca, 20
erythrogaster, Hirundo, 187
erythromelas, Piranga, 189
esculenta, Psoralea, 208
Euarctos americanus, auditory region,

45
Eumeces brevilineatus, 78, 87

obsoletus, 78, 87, 107
Eunice biannulata, 15
Euphagus carolinus, 189
Eupomatus sp., 14
Eutaenia cyrtopsis, 88, 108

marciana, 88, 108
evelynae, Hyla, 156
Exiliberus, 20

jacksoni, 20

exustus, Mytilus, 16

faceta, Epitedia, 215

Neopsylla, 215
Falco alascanus, 183

anatum, 184

bendirei, 184
felis, Chama, 19
Ficimia cana, 78, 93

streckeri, 139
filosa, Mitromorpha, 15
fissus, Chthamalus, 14
flavescens, Kinosternon, 81, 101

Platythyra, 101
fulva, Pluvialis, 184
fuscicollis, Pisobia, 184
fuscodorsalis, Mordellistena, 127

gaigeae, Pseudemys, 78, 81, 101

Syrrhopus, 80
gambeli, Zonotrichia, 190
Gastrochaena cuneiformis, 19

heans, 19

Gastrophryne olivacea, 100
gausapata, Cplumbella (Alia), 15
Gavia adamsi, 182

elasson, 182

pacifica, 182

stellata, 182
Georgia obsoleta, 110
Gerrhonotus infernalis, 84, 106
Giant panda, masticatory apparatus, 61
glaucescens, Larus, 186
Glauconia dissecta, 87
goeldii, Proechimys, 199
grahamii, Cnemidophorus, 78, 85

Salvadora, 78, 91
granulatus, Mytilus, 16
gualtierianus, Iberus, 20
guatemalensis, Mordellistena, 128
Guerlinguetus, 192
gularis, Cnemidophorus, 78, 107

Proechimys, 201
Gulo luscus, auditory region, 47
Gyalopion canum, 139
Gyalopium canum, 93

hairiness in Pplygyridae, 21
Halosydna calif ornica, 15
hamiltoni, Doratopsylla (Corrodop-
sylla), 218

Haminea (Haminea) virescens, 15
harfordi, Cirolana, 14
hasselquisti, Eremina, 20
Helicigona (Chilostoma) acrotricha, 21

desmoulinsi, 21

Helictis taxilla, auditory region, 47
Hemigrapsus oregonensis, 14
Hemitrichia, 21
hendeei, Proechimys, 199, 202
Herpetodryas margaritiferus, 138
Heterodon kennerlyi, 109

224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

hians, Gastrochaena (Gastrochaena), 19
hidalgoensis, Storeria, 149
hilda, Proechimys, 201
himantopus, Micropalama, 184
hirsutiusculus, Pagurus, 14
Hirundo erythrogaster, 187

rustica, 187

tytleri, 188
Holbrookia approximans, 104

maculata, 78

texana, 78, 82, 104
Homalocranium atriceps, 93, 112
hyemalis, Junco, 190
Hyla albofrenata, 158

arenicolor, 81, 100

evelynae, 156

linden, 158

sanborni, 155

uruguaya, 158
Hylocichla aliciae, 188
hyperboreus, Lams, 186
Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 78, 93, 112

Iberus alonensis, 20
gualtierianus, 20
ignitus, Sciurus, 192
iliaca, Passerella, 190
imrner, Gavia, 182

implicata, Polygyra (Daedalocheila), 20
inca, Oxymycterus, 198
infernalis, Gerrhpnotus, 78, 84, 106
inornatus, Cnemidophorus, 106
insidior, Bufo, 79, 99
interpres, Arenaria, 170
interruptelineata, Alaba, 17
Iridoprocne bicolor, 187

jacksoni, Exiliberus, 20
jani, Arizona, 145

Pituophis, 145
Jellisonia, 211

klotsi, 212

juliacae, Oxymycterus, 198
Junco hyemalis, 190

kennerlyi, Heterodon, 78, 109
kennicotti, Acanthopneuste, 188
Kinosternon flavescens, 78, 81, 101
klotsi, Jellisonia, 212
kumlieni, Larus, 186
kurilensis, Arquatella, 178
Erolia, 178

laeta, Elaphe, 110
laetus, Scotophis, 110
lamellifera, Venerupis, 8
Lampropeltis alterna, 78, 111, 141

annul at a, 112

leonis, 141

mexicana, 141

splendida, 78

thayeri, 140

Larus argentatus, 186

barrovianus, 186

glaucescens, 186

hyperboreus, 186

kumlieni, 186

leucopterus, 186

thayeri, 186
Lasaea cistula, 15, 16

miliaris, 17

subviridis, 14, 16
latemaculata, Mordella, 122
laterale, Leiolopisma, 107
lateralis, Scincus, 107
laticollis, Mordellistena, 129
latrans, Eleutherodactylus, 99

Lithodytes, 99
Leiolopisma laterale, 107
leonis, Lampropeltis, 141
lepida, Caudisona, 94, 113, 151
lepida, Tachycineta, 187
lepidus, Crotalus, 78, 94, 113, 151
leporina, Polygyridae (Lobosculum), 21
Leptodeira maculata, 142

septentrionalis, 143
Leptophis mexicanus, 143
Leptopsylla, 212
Leptotyphlops dissectus, 78, 87

dulcis, 135

myopicus, 136

segregus, 78, 88, 108
leucoptera, Lovia, 189
leucopterus, Larus, 186
limatus, Phyllotis, 194
Limnodromus scolopaceus, 184
Limnomedusa macroglossa, 154

misionis, 153
Limosa baueri, 185
linaria, Acanthis, 189
linderi, Hyla, 158
lineata, Salvadora, 110, 148
lineatocollis, Mordellistena, 125
lineicaudatus, Andinomys, 195
Lithodytes latrans, 99
Lithophaga, boring of, 7

plumula, 8

Littorina (Melaraphe) planaxis, 14
longicaudatus, Proechimys, 198
longicaudus, Stercorarius, 185
Loxia leucoptera, 189
ludoviciana, Piranga, 189
lunulata, Mordella, 120
lurida, Ostrea (Ostreola), 14
lutescens, Akodon, 196

Phyllotis, 194

Lutra canadensis, auditory region, 47
Lycaon pictus, auditory region, 34

macroglossa, Limnomedusa, 154
maculata, Holbrookia, 78

Leptodeira, 142
maculatus, Megalops, 142

INDEX

225

magellanicus, Mytilus, 16

Oryzomys, 195
magister, Phyllotis, 194

Sceloporus, 78, 83, 105
marciana, Eutaenia, 88, 108
marcianus, Thamnophis, 78, 88, 108
Mareca americana, 183
margaritiferus, Drymobius, 138

Herpetodryas, 138
marina, Rana, 99
marinus, Bufo, 99
marmoratus, Sceloporus, 105
Masticatory apparatus, in giant panda,
bears, 61

in sloths, 161
Masticophis ornatus, 78, 90

schotti, 109

testaceus, 78, 90, 110, 144
mauri, Ereunetes, 170, 184
Megalops maculatus, 142
melaena, Mordella, 120
melanocephala, Arenaria, 170
melanotos, Pisobia, 184
Melursus ursinus, auditory region, 45
Mephitis mesomelas, auditory region, 47
merriami, Sceloporus, 78, 83
metallica, Mordella, 121
mexicana, Lampropeltis, 141
mexicanus, Leptophis, 143
michoacanensis, Micrurus, 28
microglypta, A I van hi (Willetia), 2
Micropalama himantopus, 184
Microtus sp., 217
Micrurus browni, 29

diastema, 28

distans, 28

michoacanensis, 28

ovandoensis, 26

taylori, 30

tenere, 113

zunilensis, 26
migratorius, Turdus, 188
miliaris, Lasaea, 17
Mimometopon sapperi, 136
minor, Chordeiles, 187
miquihuanus, Crotalus, 151
misionis, Limnotnedusa, 153
Mitella polymera, 14
Mitromorpha filosa, 15
modestum, Phrynosoma, 78, 84, 106
molossus, Crotalus, 78, 94, 114, 151
montana, Phadinaea, 145
Mordella apicicornis, 124

chevrolati, 124

dybasi, 123

latemaculata, 122

lunulata, 120

melaena, 120

metallica, 121

novemnotata, 118

pubescens, 121

rufocinerea, 121

septemnotata, 119

sticticoptera, 124

triangulifer, 123

uniformis, 120

univittata, 120

xanthpsticta, 124
Mordellistena aequinoctialis, 127

angulata, 129

atripennis, 131

callens, 127

carinatipennis, 125

dropkini, 126

fuscodorsalis, 127

guatemalensis, 128

laticollis, 129

lineatocollis, 125

multicarinata, 124

obscurinotata, 130

pilipennis, 131

quadrifasciata, 128

subaenea, 130

veraepacis, 127

vestita, 132

morinella, Arenaria, 184
Motacilla alascensis, 189
multicarinata, Mordellistena, 124
multiformis, Mytilus, 16
Musculus (Gregariella) coralliophagus,

19

Mustela nigripes, auditory region, 47
Mustelidae, auditory ossicles, 57, 58

auditory region of skull, 47-49, 51
Mytilus (Aulacomya) californianus, 13,
14

californianus association, 12

exustus, 16

granulatus, 16

magellanicus, 16

multiformis, 16

stearnsii, 16

Nasua narica, auditory region, 36
nasutus, Oxymycterus, 197
Matrix transversa, 78, 88, 108
Neopsylla faceta, 215
Nereis vexillosa, 14
nigrifrons, Oxymycterus, 197
nigrofulvus, Proechimys, 199
nogalaris, Phyllotis, 194
Notarchus (Aclesia) pleii, 18
novemnotata, Mordella, 118
nummaria, Crepidula (Janacus), 15
Nuttallina scabra, 14

obscurinotata, Mordellistena, 130

obsoleta, Georgia, 110
obsoletum, Plestiodon, 87, 107
obsoletus, Drymarchon, 110

Eumeces, 78, 87, 107
ochracea, Spizella, 190
ochraceus, Pisaster, 15

226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, 78, 93, 112
octolineatus, Cnemidophorus, 85, 107
Oenanthe oenanthe, 188
olivacea, Gastrophryne, 100
olivaceum, Engystoma, 100
olivaceus, Sceloporus, 105
Opheodrys aestivus, 145
OphiboliLs alternus, 111
orbella, Diplodonta, 8
orcuttiana, Scala (Globiscala), 15
oregonensis, Chrysallida, 7

Hemigrapsus, 14
oris, Proechimys, 199
ornata, Cistudo, 82

Terrapene, 78, 82
ornatissima, Chrysallida, 4, 7
ornatus, Masticophis, 78, 90
Orthopyxis compressa, 15
Oryzomys magellanicus, 195

philippii, 195

xanthaeolus, 192
osilae, Phyllotis, 194
Ossicles, auditory region of arctoid car-
nivores, 52

Ostrea (Ostreola) lurida, 14
Otocoris arcticola, 187
ovandoensis, Micrurus, 26
Oxyechus vociferus, 184
Oxyrnycterus inca, 198

juliacae, 198

nasutus, 197

nigrifrons, 197

paramensis, 197

pachita, Proechimys, 202
pacifica, Gavia, 182

Pelidna, 184

Pagurus hirsutiusculus, 14
paramensis, Oxymycterus, 197
parasiticus, Stercorarius, 185
parva, Cryptotis, 218
Passerella iliaca, 190

unalascheensis, 190
Pecten (Nodipecten) antillarum, 19
pectoralis, Reithrodontomys, 205
Pelidna pacifica, 184
pellucens, Auriculastra, 18
Penthestes turneri, 188
Peromyscopsylla, 212

catatina, 218

duma, 217

selenis, 217
Peromyscus sp., 217

truei, 214

perplexus, Cnemidophorus, 78, 86
persona, Acmaea (Collisella), 15
Petricola carditoides, 8
Petrochelidon albifrons, 187
Petrplisthes cinctipes, 14

eriomerus, 14
phaeus, Phyllotis, 193
philippi, Oryzomys, 195

Phyllotis abrocodon, 194

andium, 194

arenarius, 194

darwini, 194

darwinii, 207

limatus, 194

lutescens, 194

magister, 194

nogalaris, 194

osilae, 194

phaeus, 193

posticalis, 194

ricardulus, 194

rupestris, 194

tucumanus, 194

vaccarum, 194

wolffsohni, 194
Phrynosoma cornutum, 84, 106

modestum, 78, 84, 106
pictigaster, Agkistrodon, 78, 94
pilipennis, Mordellistena, 131
Piranga erythromelas, 189

ludoviciana, 189
Pisaster-Mytilus-Mitella association,

13

Pisaster ochraceus, 15
Pisobia bairdi, 184

fuscicollis, 184

melanotos, 184
Pituophis jani, 145

sayi, 78, 92, 111

planaxis, Littorina (Melaraphe), 14
Platypeltis emeryi, 78, 82, 103
Platythyra flavescens, 101
pleii, Notarchus (Aclesia), 18
Pleochaetis, 212
Plestiodon obsoletum, 87, 107
plumula, Lithpphaga, 8
Pluvialis dominica, 184

fulva, 184

poinsettii, Sceloporus, 78, 84, 104
polius, Akodon, 196
Polygyra (Daedalocheila) implicata, 20
Polygyridae (Lobosculum) leporina, 21
polymera, Mitella, 14
posticalis, Phyllotis, 194
Potos flayus, auditory region, 39, 51, 54
principalis, Corvus, 188
Procyon lotor, auditory region, 36
Procyonidae, auditory region of skull,

36-39, 50
Proechimys arescens, 198

boimensis, 199

brevicauda, 201

calidior, 201

cayennensis, 198

decumanus, 202

elassopus, 203

goeldii, 199

gularis, 201

hendeei, 199, 202

hilda, 201

INDEX

227

longicaudatus, 198
nigrofulvus, 199

oris, 199

pachita, 202

rattinus, 202

rosa, 202

semispinosus, 200

simonsi, 202

steerei, 204

Prosthiostomum sp., 14
proximus, Thamnophis, 109, 150
Pseudemys elegans, 101

gaigeae, 78, 81, 101
Psoralea esculenta, 208
ptilocnemis, Erolia, 170
ptilocnemis, Tringa, 170
pubescens, Mordella, 121
Puffinus tenuirostris, 183
pugetana, Amphipholis, 15
punctatus, Bufo, 79, 99
pusilla, Wilsonia, 189
pusillus, Ereunetes, 170, 184

quadrifasciata, Mordellistena, 128
quarta, Erolia, 177

Rana berlandieri, 81, 100

marina, 99

rattinus, Proechimys, 202
Reithrodontomys dychei, 206

pectoralis, 205
Rena dulcis, 135
Retepora pacifica, 14
reticulata, Area (Barbatia), 19
reticulatus, Crotaphytus, 103
Rhadinaea montana, 146
Rhinocheilus tessellatus, 78, 92, 112
Rhodostethia rosea, 186
rkombifer, Tropidonotus, 108, 144
ricardulus, Phyllotis, 194
rosa, Proechimys, 202
rosea, Rhodostethia, 186
rubescens, Anthus, 189
rubra, Tantilla, 149
rufocinerea, Mordella, 121
rufus, Calidris, 184
rupestris, Phyllotis, 194
rustica, Hirundo, 187

Salvadora deserticola, 78, 91

grahamii, 78, 91

lineata, 110, 148
sail horn i, Hyla, 155

Sciurus, 191
sapperi, Amastridium, 136

Mimometopon, 136
scabra, Acmaea (Collisella), 14

Nuttallina, 14

Scala (Globiscala) orcuttiana, 15
Scaphiopus couchii, 98
Sceloporus annulatus, 78, 84, 104

consobrinus, 78, 83, 105

couchii, 106

dispar, 105

disparilis, 105

magister, 78, 83, 105

marmoratus, 105

merriami, 78, 83

olivaceus, 105

poinsettii, 78, 84, 104
schmidti, Uta, 78, 83
schotti, Masticophis, 109
Scincus lateralis, 107
Sciurus aestuans, 192

ignitus, 192

sanborni, 191

scolopaceus, Limnodromus, 184
Scotophis laetus, 110
Segall, Walter. Auditory region of the

arctoid carnivores, 33
segregus, Leptotyphlops, 78, 88, 108
selenis, Peromyscopsylla, 217
semispinosus, Proechimys, 200
septemnotata, Mordella, 119
septentrionalis, Dipsas, 143

Leptodeira, 143
Septifer bifurcatus, 15, 16
Sicher, Harry. Masticatory apparatus

in giant panda and bears, 61
simonsi, Proechimys, 202
Sonora semiannulata, 78, 93
Spatula clypeata, 183
spegazzinii, Akodon, 196
Spizella ochracea, 190
splendida, Lampropeltis, 78
spurca, Erosaria (Ocellaria), 20
Squatarola, 184
staminea, Callithaca, 11
Stanford!, Epitedia, 214
stearnsii, Mytilus, 16
steerei, Proechimys, 204
stejnegeri, Uta, 78, 83, 104
stellata, Gavia, 182
Stenostoma myopicum, 136
Stercorarius longicaudus, 185

parasiticus, 185
sticticoptera, Mordella, 124
Storeria dekayi, 149

hidalgoensis, 149
streckeri, Ficimia, 139
subaenea, Mordellistena, 130
subdiaphana, Cooperella, 8
subfuscus, Akodon, 195
subocularis, Elaphe, 78, 91, 111
subruficollis, Tryngites, 185
subviridis, Lasaea, 14, 16
suecica, Cyanocephala, 188
Syrrhopus gaigeae, 80

Tachycineta lepida, 187
Tantilla atriceps, 78, 93, 112

rubra, 149

Taxidea taxus, auditory region, 47
taylori, Micrurus, 30

228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29

Tayra barbara, auditory region, 47
tenere, Elaps, 113

Micrurus, 113
tenuirostris, Puffinus, 183
Terrapene coahuila, 101

ornata, 78, 82
tesselata, Ameiva, 106
tessellatus, Cnemidophorus, 78, 85, 106

Rhinocheilus, 78, 92, 112
testaceus, Masticophis, 78, 90, 110, 144
texana, Holbrookia, 78, 82, 104
texanus, Cophosaurus, 82, 104
Thalarctos maritimus, auditory region,

45
Thamnophis cyrtopsis, 78, 88, 108

marcianus, 78, 88, 108

proximus, 109, 150
thayeri, Lampropeltis, 140

Larus, 186

Tomaxia xenicornis, 117
transversa, Natrix, 78, 88, 108
transversus, Tropidonotus, 88, 108
Tremarctos ornatus, auditory region,

45

triangulifer, Mordella, 123
Trimorphodon vilkinsonii, 78
Tringa ptilocnemis, 170
Tropidonotus dekayi, 149

rhombifer, 100, 144

transversus, 88, 108
truei, Peromyscus, 214
Tryngites subruficollis, 185
tschuktschorum, Arquatella, 174

Erolia, 174

tucumanensis, Akodon, 196
tucumanus, Phyllotis, 194
Turdus migratorius, 188
turneri, Penthestes, 188
tytleri, Hirundo, 188

unalaschcensis, Passerella, 190
uniformis, Mordella, 120

univittata, Mordella, 120

Uria arra, 186

Ursidae, auditory ossicles, 56, 58
auditory region of skull, 45-47, 50
masticatory apparatus, 61 ff.

Ursus arctos, auditory region, 45

uruguaya, Hyla, 158

Uta schmidti, 78, 83
stejnegeri, 78, 83, 104

vaccarum, Phyllotis, 194
valliceps, Bufo, 99
Venerupis lamellifera, 8
veraepacis, Mordellistena, 127
vestita, Mordellistena, 132
vexillosa, Nereis, 14
vilkinsonii, Trimorphodon, 78
virescens, Haminea (Haminea), 15
viridis, Crotalus, 78, 114
vociferus, Oxyechus, 184

wenmanni, Epitedia, 214
Wilsonia pusilla, 189
wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 78, 104
wolffsohni, Phyllotis, 194
woodhousii, Bufo, 79

xanthaeolus, Oryzomys, 192

xanthogrammatica, Cribina, 14
xanthosticta, Mordella, 124
xenicornis, Tomaxia, 117

zitteli, Eremina, 20
Zonotrichia gambeli, 190
zunilensis, Micrurus, 26