1 I E> RARY
OF THE
UN IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
590.5
FI V.28-Z9
The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below.
Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University.
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
F
L161 — O-1096
.5
l ZOOLOGICAL SERIES
OF FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Volume 29 CHICAGO, DECEMBER 20, 1944 No. 15
NEW NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS
BY ROBERT TRAUB
During the course of investigations of adult and larval Sipho- naptera in the collections of Cornell University and the University of Illinois, several apparently undescribed genera and species were discovered. One new genus and four new species are herein described. The war has interrupted further studies, especially on the collections from Mexico and Central America in Field Museum, and on my own Mexican collections. I am indebted to Dr. W. L. Jellison of the United States Public Health Service, Dr. M. A. Stewart of the University of California, and Mr. George P. Holland of the Department of Agriculture of British Columbia for aid in the study of Doratopsylla hamiltoni sp. nov., and to Dr. Karl Jordan, of the British Museum, for advice regarding the new genus Jellisonia. My thanks are due also to Dr. Robert Matheson of Cornell Univer- sity, to Professor J. S. Stanford of the Utah State Agricultural College, and to Mr. William J. Gerhard, Curator of Insects at Field Museum of Natural History, for making possible the study of the collections in their charge. The type of Jellisonia klotsi and para- types of the remaining new forms have been deposited in Field Museum.
Family Ceratophyllidae
Subfamily Ceratophyllinae
Tribe Ceratophilini
Jellisonia1 gen. nov.
Genotype Jellisonia klotsi sp. nov.
1 The genus is named for Dr. W. L. Jellison of the United States Public Health Service, who has contributed much to the knowledge of North American Siphonaptera.
No. 566 211
THE LIBRARY OF THE
V JANG 1945 <
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29.'.
Diagnosis. — A genus of fleas nearly related to Pleochaetis Jordan (1933, p. 77). Distinguished from Pleochaetis by having the dorso-lateral bristles of the tibiae, from middle to apex, short and virtually uniform, forming a comb as in PeromyscopsyUa and Leptopsylla; further distinguished in having a prominent stout bristle directed cephalad, near the apex of the distal arm of the ninth sternum in the male; male with eighth sternum and eighth tergum spiculose, and with the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninth segments more or less expanded and spiculose; body of receptaculum seminis of female strongly convex above, somewhat concave below, its dorsal and ventral surfaces thus almost parallel; style of female without a dorsal bristle, with one long apical bristle and one shorter ventral one; style elongate, about four times as long as its width at the base.
The genus Jettisonia is found on various mice in Mexico. The author's collection includes undescribed species collected in Nuevo Leon, Vera Cruz, and Michoacan.
Jellisonia klotsi1 sp. nov.
Type from Cerro Tancitaro, near Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Altitude 8,000 feet. A male in the collection of Field Museum of Natural History. Collected from a harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys c. chrysopsis, July 12, 1941, by Robert Traub (Fourth Hoogstraal Biological Expedition to Mexico).
Paratypes. — Twelve males and seven females, 7,800 to 10,500 feet altitude, on Cerro Tancitaro, July 5-24, 1941, all from the same mouse. Allotype from same specimen as the type, also in Field Museum of Natural History. Paratypes to be distributed.
Diagnosis. — Head, male and female: Frons evenly rounded, with median tubercle small but distinct; stippled cephalad of first row of bristles; preantennal region with three rows of bristles, the anterior row somewhat irregular, with eight bristles, smallest near base of antenna; middle row with four well-developed bristles; posterior row with three large bristles, the largest cephalad and dorsad of eye; a series of about four tiny hairs inserted along antennal groove cephalad and dorsad of eye. Eye conspicuous, well pigmented. Genal process fairly broad, becoming acuminate. A small seta near base of four-segmented maxillary palpus; maxilla an acute triangle, extending to apex of second segment of five-segmented labial palpus;
1 The species is named for Dr. A. B. Klots, who has helped the author on innumerable occasions.
/=/
1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 213
labial palpus about three-quarters length of forecoxa. Bristles on second antennal segment short, shorter than or subequal to second segment. A row of tiny hairs caudad of first antennal segment and of antennal groove; postantennal region with three rows of bristles, the most anterior row with four bristles; the middle with five; the caudal with five or six large bristles, with some small intercalated hairs.
Thorax: Eighteen spines in pronotal ctenidium; a row of five bristles cephalad on each side, a few fine hairs intercalated between some of the bristles. Mesonotum and metanotum each with three rows of bristles, but first row very incomplete. Mesepisternum with two bristles, one larger median, and one smaller, and with one fairly large bristle near ventro-caudal border. Mesepimeron with three rows of bristles, three, three, and two; the two posterior ones the longer. Supraepisternum of metathorax well developed, with two caudal bristles; infraepisternum with one bristle in dorso-caudal angle. Metaepimeron with bristles in two irregular rows of four, plus one in the dorso-caudal angle.
Legs: Prothoracic femora with about ten small thin lateral bristles; meso- and metathoracic femora with one each. Apical half of pro- and mesotibiae with dorso-lateral bristles short and sub- equal, forming a comb. Comb extending proximad of middle on hind tibia. Protibiae about equal to length of proximal three tarsal segments; mesotibiae and hind tibiae shorter than proximal two seg- ments of respective tarsi. Basal segment of protarsus about equal to second and fifth, but longer than third and fourth. Basal segment of midtarsus slightly shorter than second and third combined ; second almost equal to third and fourth combined, and slightly longer than fifth. Basal segment of hind tarsus about equal to second and third combined; second equal to third and fourth combined; fifth and third subequal. Fourth segment in each case the smallest. Distal tarsal segment of each leg with four pairs of lateral plantar bristles and a somewhat displaced median basal pair.
Abdomen: Both sexes with two rows of bristles on abdominal segments 2-6; cephalic row of small bristles, not reaching spiracles; caudal row of larger bristles extending ventrad to level of spiracles; tiny hairs intercalated between those of larger row. One bristle on each side on basal sternum.
Sexual differences in abdomen : First tergum of male with one or two teeth on each side and with three rows of bristles, the first row very incomplete; second and third terga with two teeth on each side,
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
fourth with one. Female with first tergum with three rows of bristles, first row very incomplete; with tergal teeth as follows: 1, 2, 2, 1.
In female, sterna 3-6 bear bristles on each side as follows: 3, 2 (or 3), 2, 2. Male with these bristles 2, 2, 2, 1. Male with middle antepygidial bristle well developed, others vestigial. Female with three antepygidial bristles, middle one twice length of others.
Subfamily Neopsyllinae
Tribe Neopsyllini Epitedia Stanford!1 sp. nov.
Type from Fillmore, Millard County, Utah. In Field Museum of Natural History. Collected from Peromyscus truei Shufeldt, October 21, 1939, by L. Leatham and J. S. Stanford.
Paratypes. — Allotype female, with the same data as type, in Field Museum of Natural History. An additional male and two females in the author's private collection.
Diagnosis. — Separated from all known Epitedia by the prominent caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group of antepygidial bristles. This projection is especially developed in the male. Also characteristic in that the apical portion of the distal arm of the ninth sternum bears eight small teeth, in addition to the larger four along the margin, and in that the tenth sternum of the female bears only one long bristle on its ventrocephalic angle, not a clump of two or three bristles.
Near Epitedia wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642), the immovable process of the male clasper being divided into a cephalic and a caudal process, the cephalic process extending farther dorsad than the cau- dal one; no spiniforms at the ventro-caudal margin of the movable finger or exopodite; caudal margin of the exopodite straight, not concave; the tail of the receptaculum seminis of the female clearly extending into the head; dorsal and ventral antepygidial bristles each about one-third the length of the middle one. Separated from E. wenmanni by the distal arm of the ninth sternum of the male being straight, not elbowed, and bearing marginal hairs as far apically as the smaller spines, not merely proximad of the spines; the apical portion of the distal arm of the ninth sternum with eight small teeth, in two rows of six and two, in addition to the four
1 This species is named for Professor J. S. Stanford, who has contributed much to our knowledge of Siphonaptera.
1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 215
large marginal teeth. E. wenmanni, in contrast, has only four small ventral teeth in addition to the marginal four. The new species has the caudal margin of the caudal process of the male immovable clasper trigonal, not rounded, and bearing some bristles in a row for two-thirds its length instead of merely a few at the apex and one far ventrad at the base of the exopodite; the receptaculum seminis of the female is longer and narrower than that of E. wen- manni, the maximum width of the head being only twice the diameter of the tail where it enters the head, not three times; and the seventh sternum of the female bears a shallower, more evenly rounded sinus than that of E. wenmanni.
Although the receptaculum seminis of E. stanfordi is much like that of Epitedia faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 34), the species are very distinct. In E. faceta the male bears two recurved spiniforms at the ventro-caudal angle of the exopodite, the caudal margin of the exopodite is concave, and the cephalic lobe of the immovable process is at a level with the caudal lobe. Additional differences are pointed out in the key and in the discussion of E. faceta below.
Epitedia faceta Rothschild.
Neopsylla faceta Rothschild, Ectoparasites, 1, p. 32, 1915; Chapin, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 14, p. 50, 1919; Jordan, Nov. Zool., 35, p. 176, 1929.
Epitedia faceta Jordan, Nov. Zool., 41, p. 124, 1938; Fox, Fleas of Eastern U. S., p. 98, 1940; Wagner, Zeit. Parasit., 11, p. 465, 1940.
This flea has been known only from the original pair described by Rothschild. A small series of fleas in the collection at Cornell University agrees almost exactly with the original description. There are two males and two females from Glaucomys volans, the flying squirrel, taken at Ithaca, New York, by D. E. Sollberger, September 14, 1937, and one male and two females probably taken on the same host and in the same locality by Professor J. S. Stanford, January 9, 1928. Two pairs of these specimens are now in the Cornell University Collection and the remainder are in my own collection. While the types of this species came from a red squirrel, Sciurus hudsonicus, there is some indication that it may be characteristic of Glaucomys and may be a nest form.
KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES OF EPITEDIA IN THE UNITED STATES Males (the male of E. testor Rothschild is not known)
1. Process of clasper undivided 2
Process of clasper divided to form two lobes 3
216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
2. Exopodite or movable finger about three times as long as wide at greatest
point; dorsal margin of apex of distal arm of ninth sternum evenly rounded, not peaked.
E. scapani Wagner (1936b, p. 657) = E. jordani Hubbard (1940, p. 10)
Exopodite or movable finger about four or five times as long as wide at greatest point; dorsal margin of distal arm of ninth sternum angulate or with a peak near the apex, not even rounded E. stewarti Hubbard (1940, p. 11)
3. With a prominent caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group
of antepygidial bristles; apex of distal arm of ninth sternum with about eight spines or teeth in addition to the larger marginal four; caudal border of caudal process trigonal, not evenly rounded E. stanfordi sp. nov.
Without a prominent caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group of antepygidial bristles; apex of distal arm of ninth sternum with only three or four spines in addition to the larger marginal four, although perhaps with one or two hairs; caudal margin of caudal process evenly rounded, not angular 4
4. Exopodite or movable finger with caudal margin definitely concave and bearing
two recurved spiniforms at the ventro-caudal angle; apex of cephalic process nearly on a level with that of caudal process; with only three spines, and a few stout hairs, proximad of the marginal four teeth on the apex of the distal arm of the ninth sternum E. faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 32)
Exopodite or movable finger with a straight caudal border, not concave, and without recurved spiniforms at the ventro-caudal angle; apex of cephalic process definitely extending more dorsad than caudal process; with four spines proximad of the marginal four teeth on apex of the distal arm of the ninth sternum E. wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642)
Females
1. Tail of receptaculum seminis deeply projecting into lumen of head (body);
head of receptaculum seminis concave above; upper and lower antepygidial bristles about one-third the length of the middle one 2
Tail of receptaculum seminis not evidently projecting into head (body); head of receptaculum seminis convex above, upper and lower antepygidial bristles very small, only about one-fourth the length of the middle one 5
2. With a definite, caudally directed process, immediately ventrad to each group
of antepygidial bristles; with only one long bristle on the ventro-cephalic angle of the tenth sternum (substylar flap); head of receptaculum seminis definitely concave above, relatively narrow, and at its maximum only about twice the width of the tail where it enters the head . . . . E. stanfordi sp. nov.
Without a caudally directed process immediately ventrad to each group of antepygidial bristles; with a group of two or three bristles at the ventro- anterior angle of the tenth sternum (substylar flap); head of receptaculum seminis as above or shallowly concave dorsally, and wider, about three times the width of the tail where it enters the head 3
3. Seventh sternum with three long bristles and three or four short ones on each
side (known only from one female, which is in England, and original descrip- tion) E. testor Rothschild (1915b, p. 34)
Seventh sternum with four or five long bristles and five to seven shorter ones on each side. . . 4
1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 217
4. Head of receptaculum seminis definitely concave above, relatively narrow,
being at its maximum only twice the width of the tail where it enters the head; seventh sternum on each side with a row of four long bristles, a dorsal group of two and a ventral group of two, and five cephalic and ventro- cephalic small ones; labial palpus extending about seven-eighths of the length of the forecoxa E. faceta Rothschild (1915b, p. 32)
Head of receptaculum seminis shallowly or scarcely concave dorsally, wider, being at its maximum about three times the width of the tail where it enters the head; seventh sternum on each side with five long bristles in a more dorsal group of three and a more ventral group of two, and cephalad to these are seven smaller ones; labial palpus extending only two-thirds or three-quarters the length of the forecoxa E. wenmanni Rothschild (1904, p. 642)
5. Sinus of seventh sternum evenly rounded, like half an ellipse, shallow; lobe of
this sinus of seventh sternum also evenly rounded.
E. stewarti Hubbard (1940, p. 11)
Sinus of seventh sternum deeper but not evenly rounded, somewhat like a quarter of a circle; lobe of this sinus of seventh sternum ventrally somewhat extended caudally, at times acutely.
E. scapani Wagner (1936b, p. 657) = E.jordani Hubbard (1940, p. 10)
Family Ctenopsyllidae
Subfamily Ctenopsyllinae
Tribe Ctenopsyllini
Peromyscopsylla duma sp. nov.
Type from Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah. A male in the collection of Field Museum of Natural History. Collected from Microtus sp., September 1, 1938, by Professor J. S. Stanford.
Paratypes. — Ten females, from Microtus sp. (allotype from Logan), Clethrionomys sp., and Peromyscus sp., from Logan and Hyrum, Cache County, Utah, August and September, 1938, all collected by J. S. Stanford. One allotype and one paratype in Field Museum of Natural History.
Diagnosis. — Related to Peromyscopsylla selenis Rothschild (1906, p. 322) in that the distal arm of the ninth sternum of the male lacks marginal bristles in the apical half and bears three bristles and a proximad row of hairs near its base. Distinct in that the apical margin of the eighth sternum of the male bears only three long bristles and one small hair on each side, instead of four long bristles and two small hairs; in that the ventral margin of this sternum has a definite sinus and is not straight as in P. selenis; the lowest large bristle along the caudal border of the exopodite of the male is dorsal to the midpoint of the margin, while in P. selenis this bristle is
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
definitely ventral to the midpoint; the caudal margin of the ex- opodite is not semicircular but is ventrally straighter so that the exopodite is somewhat triangular, with a rounded dorsal apex. The seventh sternum of the female has a very shallow wide sinus that extends almost from the ventral margin to the dorsal lobe, in con- trast to P. selenis, which bears a small, deeper sinus that is only as wide as the lobe ventrad. In the new species the female seventh sternum bears six or seven long bristles in a row while that of P. selenis has five bristles in an irregular line.
The related Peromyscopsylla catatina is easily separated from the new species. P. catatina bears only three bristles on each side of the eighth sternum of the male, not seven as in the new species, and the ninth sternum of the male bears a series of five or six longish bristles near the base of the distal arm, not three. The apical margin of the seventh sternum of the female of P. catatina is very different also, and bears a ventrally directed shallow short sinus, and the mar- gin ventrad of the sinus is convex. In P. duma the sinus is so shallow and wide that it extends to the ventral margin.
Tribe Doratopsyllini Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) hamiltoni1 sp. nov.
Type from Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois. A male, in the collection of Field Museum of Natural History. Collected from short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda Say, November 17, 1940, by Robert Traub.
Paratypes. — The allotype, in Field Museum of Natural His- tory, from the same species of shrew as the type, taken at Piper City, Iroquois County, Illinois, by E. J. Koestner and Robert Traub. Five males and two females from Urbana and Champaign, 1939 and 1940, also from Blarina brevicauda (two in Field Museum of Natural History). Two females from lesser short- tailed shrew, Cryptotis parva Say, collected at Ithaca, New York, by W. J. Hamil- ton, Jr.
Diagnosis. — Near Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) curvata Roths- child (1915a, p. 25) but the genal process above the last genal spine wider, as wide as the last genal spine; without processes or projec- tions between the two groups of antepygidial bristles in the male;
1 This flea is named for Dr. W. J. Hamilton, Jr., of the Department of Zoology, Cornell University, who has collected some of the paratypes of this species from Cryptotis parva.
1944 NORTH AMERICAN FLEAS— TRAUB 219
and the eye vestigial and represented only by the outlines. In D. curvata the genal process is narrower than the last genal spine; the eye appears as a relatively pigmented triangular area above the last genal spine; and both sexes bear a pair of processes between the two groups of antepygidial bristles. In the male of the new species the dorsal process of the clasper is somewhat longer than the ventral process and there is no small triangular projection or lobe at the point of junction of the dorsal and ventral processes. In D. curvata there is a small but distinct lobe between the processes of the clasper, and, according to Rothschild (1915a, p. 27), the processes are of equal length. However, in Montana specimens of D. curvata the dorsal process seems shorter than the ventral. Unlike D. curvata, D. hamiltoni lacks a hair on the apex of the caudal margin of the ventral process. The ventral process seems shorter and broader in the new species, and the exopodite or movable finger is smaller and wider than that of D. curvata. The caudal border of the apex of the distal arm of the ninth sternum of D. hamiltoni is rounded, not angular like that of D. curvata. In the female of D. hamiltoni the dorsal lobe of the seventh sternum is rounded, not straight like that of D. curvata and there is no sinus ventrad of the acute tip; and the head of the receptaculum seminis is shorter and broader. The tail of the receptaculum seminis is somewhat dilated at the apex instead of being evenly rounded as in D. curvata.
Remarks. — Dr. Jordan in 1929 reported the occurrence of D. cur- vata on Blarina in the Adirondacks of New York state. It would be interesting to compare his specimens with the Illinois and Ithaca, New York, specimens of hamiltoni. D. curvata is a western species, and while it may occur in New York state, Jordan's specimens may prove to be referable to hamiltoni.
REFERENCES
HUBBARD, C. A.
1940. American Mole and Shrew Fleas. Pacific Univ. Bull., 37, 12 pp., 2 pis.
JORDAN, KARL
1929. On a Small Collection of Siphonaptera from the Adirondacks. . . . Nov.
Zool., 35, pp. 168-177, 3 figs. 1933. A Survey of the Classification of the American Species of Ceratophyllus s.
lat. Nov. Zool., 39, pp. 70-79.
ROTHSCHILD, N. C.
1904. Further Contributions to the Knowledge of the Siphonaptera. Nov.
Zool., 11, pp. 602-653, pis. 7-16. 1906. Three New Canadian Fleas. Canad. Ent., 38, pp. 321-325, figs. 41-44.
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
1915a. Further Notes on Siphonaptera fracticipita. Ectoparasites, 1, pp. 25-29,
figs. 28-31. 1915b. On Neopsylla and Some Allied Genera of Siphonaptera. Ectoparasites,
1, pp. 30-44, figs. 32-47.
WAGNER, J.
1929. Ueber die Nordamerikanische Ceratophylli. Konowia, 8, pp. 316-318. 1936a. The Fleas of British Columbia. Canad. Ent., 68, pp. 193-207, pi. 2. 1936b. Neue Nordamerikanischer Floharten. Zeit. Parasit., 8, pp. 654-658,
8 figs. 1939. Aphaniptera, in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. 13, Teil
F, pp. 1-114, 100 figs.
INDEX
Current names in roman type, synonyms in italic type, new names in bold- faced type.
abrocodon, Phyllotis, 194 Acanthis linaria, 189 Acanthopneuste kennicotti, 188 Acmaea (Collisella) asmi, 14
persona, 15
scabra, 14 Acris crepitans, 100
acrotricha, Helicigona (Chilostoma), 21 adamsi, Gavia, 182
adamsianus, Brachidontes (Hormomya), 14
Mytilus (Hormomya), 16 aequinoctialis, Mordellistena, 127 aestuans, Sciurus, 192 Agama cornuta, 84, 106 Agelaius arctolegus, 189 Agkistrodon bilineatus, 113
pictigaster, 78, 94 Ailuridae, auditory region of skull, 42-
45, 50, 56
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, auditory re- gion, 42
masticatory apparatus, 61 ff. Ailurus fulgens, auditory region, 42, 56 Akodon alterus, 196
andinus, 196
boliviensis, 195
dolichonyx, 196
lutescens, 196
polius, 196
spegazzinii, 196
suhfuscus, 195
tucumanensis, 196 Alaba interruptelineata, 17 alascanus, Falco, 183 alascensis, Motacilla, 189 albifrons, Petrochelidon, 187 albofrenata, Hyla, 158 aliciae, Hylocichla, 188 alonensis, Iberus, 20 alterna, Lampropeltis, 78, 111, 141 alterniis, Ophibolus, 111 alterus, Akodon, 196 Alvania (Willetia) microglypta, 2 Amastridium sapperi, 136 Ameiva tesselata, 106 americana, Mareca, 183 Amphipholis pugetana, 15 anatum, Falco, 184 Ancistrodon bilineatm, 113 Andinomys lineicaudatus, 195 andinus, Akodon, 196 andium, Phyllotis, 194 angulata, Mordellistena, 129 annulata, Lampropeltis, 112
annulatus, Sceloporus, 78, 84, 104 Anthus spinoletta, 189 antillarum, Pecten (Nodipecten), 19 apicicornis, Mordella, 124 approximans, Holbrookia, 104 Area (Barbatia) reticulata, 19 arcticola, Otocoris, 187 arctolegus, Agelaius, 189 Arctonyx collaris, auditory region, 47 Arenaria interpres, 170
melanocephala, 170
morinella, 184 arenarius, Phyllotis, 194 arenicolor, Hyla, 81, 100 arescens, Proechimys, 198 argentatus, Larus, 186 Arizona elegans, 92, 111
jani, 145 Arquatella couesi, 185
kurilensis, 178
tschuktschorum, 174 arra, Uria, 186 asmi, Acmaea (Collisella), 14 Aspidonectes emoryi, 82, 103 atriceps, Homalocranium, 93, 112
Tantilla, 78, 93, 112 atripennis, Mordellistena, 131 atrox, Crotalus, 78, 94, 114 Auditory region, arctoid carnivores, 33 Auriculastra pellucens, 18 auritus, Colymbus, 183
baileyi, Crotaphytus, 78, 82, 103 bairdi, Elaphe, 78, 91
Pisobia, 184 barrovianus, Larus, 186 Bassaricyon medius, auditory region, 36 Bassariscus astutus, auditory region, 36 baueri, Limpsa, 185 Bears, masticatory apparatus, 61 bendirei, Falco, 184 berlandieri, Rana, 81, 100 bi annul tit a, Eunice, 15 bicolor, Iridoprocne, 187 bi cornuta, Polygyra (Daedalocheila), 18 bifurcatus, Septifer, 15, 16 bilineatus, Agkistrodon, 113
Ancistrodon, 113 blanchardi, Diadophis, 78, 89
Sonora, 78, 93 Blarina brevicauda, 218 boimensis, Proechimys, 199 boliviensis, Akodon, 195 borealis, Colaptes, 187 Botula californiensis, 8
221
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
Brachidontes (Hormomya) adamsianus,
14
Brachyramphus brevirostris, 187 Bradypodidae, masticatory apparatus,
161
Brady pus, masticatory apparatus, 161 brevicauda, Blarina, 218
Proechimys, 201 brevilineatus, Eumeces, 78, 87 brevirostris, Brachyramphus, 187 brevis, Coleonyx, 78, 82 browni, Micrurus, 29 Bufo compactilis, 99
insidior, 79, 99
marinus, 99
punctatus, 79, 99
valliceps, 99
woodhousii, 79
calidior, Proechimys, 201 Calidris rufus, 184 californianus, Mytilus, 13, 14 calif ornica, Halosydna, 15 californiensis, Bptula, 8 callens, Mordellistena, 127 Callithaca staminea, 11 cana, Ficimia, 78, 93 Canidae, auditory ossicles, 54, 57
auditory region of skull, 34-36, 50 Canis familiaris, auditory region, 34
latrans, auditory region, 34
lupus, auditory region, 34 canum, Gyalopion, 139
Gyalopium, 93 carditoides, Petricola, 8 carinatipennis, Mordellistena, 125 Carnivores, arctoid, auditory region, 33 carolinus, Euphagus, 189 catatina, Peromyscopsylla, 218 Caudisona lepida, 94, 113, 151 cayennensis, Proechimys, 198 cesta, Cythara (Mangelia), 15 Chama (Chama) congregata, 19
felis, 19
chevrolati, Mordella, 124 Chloritis, 21
Choloepus, masticatory apparatus, 161 Chordeiles minor, 187 Chrysallida (Chrysallida) ornatis- sima, 4
oregonensis, 7
ornatissima, 7 Chthamalus fissus, 14 cinctipes, Petrolisthes, 14 Cirolana harfordi, 14 Cistudo ornata, 82 cistula, Lasaea, 15, 16 Clethrionomys sp., 217 clypeata, Spatula, 183 Cnemidophorus grahamii, 78, 85
gularis, 78, 107
inornatus, 106
octolineatus, 78, 85, 107
perplexus, 78, 86
tessellatus, 78, 85, 106 coahuila, Terrapene, 101 Colaptes borealis, 187 Coleonyx brevis, 78, 82 Columbella (Alia) gausapata, 15 columbianus, Cygnus, 183 Colymbus auritus, 183 compactilis, Bufo, 99 compressa, Orthopyxis, 15 Conepatus mesoleucus, auditory region,
47
congregata, Chama (Chama), 19 consobrinus, Sceloporus, 78, 83, 105 Cooperella subdiaphana, 8
nest of, 12
Cophosaurus texanus, 82, 104 coralliophagus, Musculus (Gregariella),
19
cornuta, Agama, 84, 106 cornutum, Phrynosoma, 78, 84, 106 Corvus principalis, 188 couchii, Scaphiopus, 98
Sceloporus, 106 couesi, Arquatella, 173, 185
Erolia, 173
Crepidula (Janacus) nummaria, 15 crepitans, Acris, 100 Cribina xanthogrammatica, 14 Crotalus atrox, 78, 94, 114
lepidus, 78, 94, 113, 151
miquihuanus, 151
molossus, 78, 94, 114, 151
viridis, 114 Crotaphytus baileyi, 78, 82, 103
reticulatus, 103
wislizenii, 104 Cryptotis parva, 218 cuneiformis, Gastrochaena, 19 curvata, Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla),
218
Cyanocephala suecica, 188 Cygnus columbianus, 183 cyrtopsis, Eutaenia, 88, 108
Thamnophis, 78, 88, 107 Cythara (Mangelia) cesta, 15
darwini, Phyllotis, 194 darwinti, Phyllotis, 307 decumanus, Proechimys, 202 dekayi, Storeria, 149
Tropidonotus, 149 deserticqla, Salvadora, 78, 91 desmoulinsi, Helicigona (Chilostoma),
21
Diadophis blanchardi, 78, 89 diastema, Micrurus, 28 Diplodonta orbella, 8
nest of, 9
Dipsas septentrionalis, 143 dispar, Sceloporus, 105
INDEX
223
disparilis, Scelopprus, 105 dissecta, Glauconia, 87 dissectus, Leptotyphlops, 78, 87 distans, Micrurus, 28 dolichpnyx, Akpdpn, 196 dominica, Pluvialis, 184 Doratopsylla (Corrodopsylla) curvata, 218
hamiltoni, 218 dropkini, Mordellistena, 126 Drymarchon obsoletus, 110 Drymobius margaritiferus, 138 dulcis, Leptotyphlops, 135
Rena, 135
duma, Peromyscopsylla, 217 Dusicyon thous, auditory region, 34 dybasi, Mprdella, 123 dychei, Reithrodontomys, 206
Elaphe bairdi, 78, 91
laeta, 110
subocularis, 78, 91, 111 Elaps tenere, 113 elassopus, Proechimys, 203 elegans, Arizona, 78, 92, 111
Emys, 101
Pseudemys, 101 Eleutherodactylus latrans, 99 emoryi, Aspidonedes, 82, 103
Platypeltis, 78, 82, 103 Emys elegans, 101 Engystoma olivaceum, 100 Epitedia, 215 (key)
faceta, 215
Stanford!, 214
wenmanni, 214 Eremina hasselquisti, 20
zitteli, 20 Ereunetes mauri, 170, 184
pusillus, 170, 184 eriomerus, Petrolisthes, 14 Erolia couesi, 173
kurilensis, 178
ptilocnemis, 170
quarta, 177
tschuktschorum, 174 Erosaria (Ocellaria) spurca, 20 erythrogaster, Hirundo, 187 erythromelas, Piranga, 189 esculenta, Psoralea, 208 Euarctos americanus, auditory region,
45 Eumeces brevilineatus, 78, 87
obsoletus, 78, 87, 107 Eunice biannulata, 15 Euphagus carolinus, 189 Eupomatus sp., 14 Eutaenia cyrtopsis, 88, 108
marciana, 88, 108 evelynae, Hyla, 156 Exiliberus, 20
jacksoni, 20
exustus, Mytilus, 16
faceta, Epitedia, 215
Neopsylla, 215 Falco alascanus, 183
anatum, 184
bendirei, 184 felis, Chama, 19 Ficimia cana, 78, 93
streckeri, 139 filosa, Mitromorpha, 15 fissus, Chthamalus, 14 flavescens, Kinosternon, 81, 101
Platythyra, 101 fulva, Pluvialis, 184 fuscicollis, Pisobia, 184 fuscodorsalis, Mordellistena, 127
gaigeae, Pseudemys, 78, 81, 101
Syrrhopus, 80 gambeli, Zonotrichia, 190 Gastrochaena cuneiformis, 19
heans, 19
Gastrophryne olivacea, 100 gausapata, Cplumbella (Alia), 15 Gavia adamsi, 182
elasson, 182
pacifica, 182
stellata, 182 Georgia obsoleta, 110 Gerrhonotus infernalis, 84, 106 Giant panda, masticatory apparatus, 61 glaucescens, Larus, 186 Glauconia dissecta, 87 goeldii, Proechimys, 199 grahamii, Cnemidophorus, 78, 85
Salvadora, 78, 91 granulatus, Mytilus, 16 gualtierianus, Iberus, 20 guatemalensis, Mordellistena, 128 Guerlinguetus, 192 gularis, Cnemidophorus, 78, 107
Proechimys, 201 Gulo luscus, auditory region, 47 Gyalopion canum, 139 Gyalopium canum, 93
hairiness in Pplygyridae, 21 Halosydna calif ornica, 15 hamiltoni, Doratopsylla (Corrodop- sylla), 218
Haminea (Haminea) virescens, 15 harfordi, Cirolana, 14 hasselquisti, Eremina, 20 Helicigona (Chilostoma) acrotricha, 21
desmoulinsi, 21
Helictis taxilla, auditory region, 47 Hemigrapsus oregonensis, 14 Hemitrichia, 21 hendeei, Proechimys, 199, 202 Herpetodryas margaritiferus, 138 Heterodon kennerlyi, 109
224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
hians, Gastrochaena (Gastrochaena), 19 hidalgoensis, Storeria, 149 hilda, Proechimys, 201 himantopus, Micropalama, 184 hirsutiusculus, Pagurus, 14 Hirundo erythrogaster, 187
rustica, 187
tytleri, 188 Holbrookia approximans, 104
maculata, 78
texana, 78, 82, 104 Homalocranium atriceps, 93, 112 hyemalis, Junco, 190 Hyla albofrenata, 158
arenicolor, 81, 100
evelynae, 156
linden, 158
sanborni, 155
uruguaya, 158 Hylocichla aliciae, 188 hyperboreus, Lams, 186 Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 78, 93, 112
Iberus alonensis, 20 gualtierianus, 20 ignitus, Sciurus, 192 iliaca, Passerella, 190 imrner, Gavia, 182
implicata, Polygyra (Daedalocheila), 20 inca, Oxymycterus, 198 infernalis, Gerrhpnotus, 78, 84, 106 inornatus, Cnemidophorus, 106 insidior, Bufo, 79, 99 interpres, Arenaria, 170 interruptelineata, Alaba, 17 Iridoprocne bicolor, 187
jacksoni, Exiliberus, 20 jani, Arizona, 145
Pituophis, 145 Jellisonia, 211
klotsi, 212
juliacae, Oxymycterus, 198 Junco hyemalis, 190
kennerlyi, Heterodon, 78, 109 kennicotti, Acanthopneuste, 188 Kinosternon flavescens, 78, 81, 101 klotsi, Jellisonia, 212 kumlieni, Larus, 186 kurilensis, Arquatella, 178 Erolia, 178
laeta, Elaphe, 110 laetus, Scotophis, 110 lamellifera, Venerupis, 8 Lampropeltis alterna, 78, 111, 141
annul at a, 112
leonis, 141
mexicana, 141
splendida, 78
thayeri, 140
Larus argentatus, 186
barrovianus, 186
glaucescens, 186
hyperboreus, 186
kumlieni, 186
leucopterus, 186
thayeri, 186 Lasaea cistula, 15, 16
miliaris, 17
subviridis, 14, 16 latemaculata, Mordella, 122 laterale, Leiolopisma, 107 lateralis, Scincus, 107 laticollis, Mordellistena, 129 latrans, Eleutherodactylus, 99
Lithodytes, 99 Leiolopisma laterale, 107 leonis, Lampropeltis, 141 lepida, Caudisona, 94, 113, 151 lepida, Tachycineta, 187 lepidus, Crotalus, 78, 94, 113, 151 leporina, Polygyridae (Lobosculum), 21 Leptodeira maculata, 142
septentrionalis, 143 Leptophis mexicanus, 143 Leptopsylla, 212 Leptotyphlops dissectus, 78, 87
dulcis, 135
myopicus, 136
segregus, 78, 88, 108 leucoptera, Lovia, 189 leucopterus, Larus, 186 limatus, Phyllotis, 194 Limnodromus scolopaceus, 184 Limnomedusa macroglossa, 154
misionis, 153 Limosa baueri, 185 linaria, Acanthis, 189 linderi, Hyla, 158 lineata, Salvadora, 110, 148 lineatocollis, Mordellistena, 125 lineicaudatus, Andinomys, 195 Lithodytes latrans, 99 Lithophaga, boring of, 7
plumula, 8
Littorina (Melaraphe) planaxis, 14 longicaudatus, Proechimys, 198 longicaudus, Stercorarius, 185 Loxia leucoptera, 189 ludoviciana, Piranga, 189 lunulata, Mordella, 120 lurida, Ostrea (Ostreola), 14 lutescens, Akodon, 196
Phyllotis, 194
Lutra canadensis, auditory region, 47 Lycaon pictus, auditory region, 34
macroglossa, Limnomedusa, 154 maculata, Holbrookia, 78
Leptodeira, 142 maculatus, Megalops, 142
INDEX
225
magellanicus, Mytilus, 16
Oryzomys, 195 magister, Phyllotis, 194
Sceloporus, 78, 83, 105 marciana, Eutaenia, 88, 108 marcianus, Thamnophis, 78, 88, 108 Mareca americana, 183 margaritiferus, Drymobius, 138
Herpetodryas, 138 marina, Rana, 99 marinus, Bufo, 99 marmoratus, Sceloporus, 105 Masticatory apparatus, in giant panda, bears, 61
in sloths, 161 Masticophis ornatus, 78, 90
schotti, 109
testaceus, 78, 90, 110, 144 mauri, Ereunetes, 170, 184 Megalops maculatus, 142 melaena, Mordella, 120 melanocephala, Arenaria, 170 melanotos, Pisobia, 184 Melursus ursinus, auditory region, 45 Mephitis mesomelas, auditory region, 47 merriami, Sceloporus, 78, 83 metallica, Mordella, 121 mexicana, Lampropeltis, 141 mexicanus, Leptophis, 143 michoacanensis, Micrurus, 28 microglypta, A I van hi (Willetia), 2 Micropalama himantopus, 184 Microtus sp., 217 Micrurus browni, 29
diastema, 28
distans, 28
michoacanensis, 28
ovandoensis, 26
taylori, 30
tenere, 113
zunilensis, 26 migratorius, Turdus, 188 miliaris, Lasaea, 17 Mimometopon sapperi, 136 minor, Chordeiles, 187 miquihuanus, Crotalus, 151 misionis, Limnotnedusa, 153 Mitella polymera, 14 Mitromorpha filosa, 15 modestum, Phrynosoma, 78, 84, 106 molossus, Crotalus, 78, 94, 114, 151 montana, Phadinaea, 145 Mordella apicicornis, 124
chevrolati, 124
dybasi, 123
latemaculata, 122
lunulata, 120
melaena, 120
metallica, 121
novemnotata, 118
pubescens, 121
rufocinerea, 121
septemnotata, 119
sticticoptera, 124
triangulifer, 123
uniformis, 120
univittata, 120
xanthpsticta, 124 Mordellistena aequinoctialis, 127
angulata, 129
atripennis, 131
callens, 127
carinatipennis, 125
dropkini, 126
fuscodorsalis, 127
guatemalensis, 128
laticollis, 129
lineatocollis, 125
multicarinata, 124
obscurinotata, 130
pilipennis, 131
quadrifasciata, 128
subaenea, 130
veraepacis, 127
vestita, 132
morinella, Arenaria, 184 Motacilla alascensis, 189 multicarinata, Mordellistena, 124 multiformis, Mytilus, 16 Musculus (Gregariella) coralliophagus,
19
Mustela nigripes, auditory region, 47 Mustelidae, auditory ossicles, 57, 58
auditory region of skull, 47-49, 51 Mytilus (Aulacomya) californianus, 13, 14
californianus association, 12
exustus, 16
granulatus, 16
magellanicus, 16
multiformis, 16
stearnsii, 16
Nasua narica, auditory region, 36 nasutus, Oxymycterus, 197 Matrix transversa, 78, 88, 108 Neopsylla faceta, 215 Nereis vexillosa, 14 nigrifrons, Oxymycterus, 197 nigrofulvus, Proechimys, 199 nogalaris, Phyllotis, 194 Notarchus (Aclesia) pleii, 18 novemnotata, Mordella, 118 nummaria, Crepidula (Janacus), 15 Nuttallina scabra, 14
obscurinotata, Mordellistena, 130
obsoleta, Georgia, 110 obsoletum, Plestiodon, 87, 107 obsoletus, Drymarchon, 110
Eumeces, 78, 87, 107 ochracea, Spizella, 190 ochraceus, Pisaster, 15
226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, 78, 93, 112 octolineatus, Cnemidophorus, 85, 107 Oenanthe oenanthe, 188 olivacea, Gastrophryne, 100 olivaceum, Engystoma, 100 olivaceus, Sceloporus, 105 Opheodrys aestivus, 145 OphiboliLs alternus, 111 orbella, Diplodonta, 8 orcuttiana, Scala (Globiscala), 15 oregonensis, Chrysallida, 7
Hemigrapsus, 14 oris, Proechimys, 199 ornata, Cistudo, 82
Terrapene, 78, 82 ornatissima, Chrysallida, 4, 7 ornatus, Masticophis, 78, 90 Orthopyxis compressa, 15 Oryzomys magellanicus, 195
philippii, 195
xanthaeolus, 192 osilae, Phyllotis, 194 Ossicles, auditory region of arctoid car- nivores, 52
Ostrea (Ostreola) lurida, 14 Otocoris arcticola, 187 ovandoensis, Micrurus, 26 Oxyechus vociferus, 184 Oxyrnycterus inca, 198
juliacae, 198
nasutus, 197
nigrifrons, 197
paramensis, 197
pachita, Proechimys, 202 pacifica, Gavia, 182
Pelidna, 184
Pagurus hirsutiusculus, 14 paramensis, Oxymycterus, 197 parasiticus, Stercorarius, 185 parva, Cryptotis, 218 Passerella iliaca, 190
unalascheensis, 190 Pecten (Nodipecten) antillarum, 19 pectoralis, Reithrodontomys, 205 Pelidna pacifica, 184 pellucens, Auriculastra, 18 Penthestes turneri, 188 Peromyscopsylla, 212
catatina, 218
duma, 217
selenis, 217 Peromyscus sp., 217
truei, 214
perplexus, Cnemidophorus, 78, 86 persona, Acmaea (Collisella), 15 Petricola carditoides, 8 Petrochelidon albifrons, 187 Petrplisthes cinctipes, 14
eriomerus, 14 phaeus, Phyllotis, 193 philippi, Oryzomys, 195
Phyllotis abrocodon, 194
andium, 194
arenarius, 194
darwini, 194
darwinii, 207
limatus, 194
lutescens, 194
magister, 194
nogalaris, 194
osilae, 194
phaeus, 193
posticalis, 194
ricardulus, 194
rupestris, 194
tucumanus, 194
vaccarum, 194
wolffsohni, 194 Phrynosoma cornutum, 84, 106
modestum, 78, 84, 106 pictigaster, Agkistrodon, 78, 94 pilipennis, Mordellistena, 131 Piranga erythromelas, 189
ludoviciana, 189 Pisaster-Mytilus-Mitella association,
13
Pisaster ochraceus, 15 Pisobia bairdi, 184
fuscicollis, 184
melanotos, 184 Pituophis jani, 145
sayi, 78, 92, 111
planaxis, Littorina (Melaraphe), 14 Platypeltis emeryi, 78, 82, 103 Platythyra flavescens, 101 pleii, Notarchus (Aclesia), 18 Pleochaetis, 212 Plestiodon obsoletum, 87, 107 plumula, Lithpphaga, 8 Pluvialis dominica, 184
fulva, 184
poinsettii, Sceloporus, 78, 84, 104 polius, Akodon, 196 Polygyra (Daedalocheila) implicata, 20 Polygyridae (Lobosculum) leporina, 21 polymera, Mitella, 14 posticalis, Phyllotis, 194 Potos flayus, auditory region, 39, 51, 54 principalis, Corvus, 188 Procyon lotor, auditory region, 36 Procyonidae, auditory region of skull,
36-39, 50 Proechimys arescens, 198
boimensis, 199
brevicauda, 201
calidior, 201
cayennensis, 198
decumanus, 202
elassopus, 203
goeldii, 199
gularis, 201
hendeei, 199, 202
hilda, 201
INDEX
227
longicaudatus, 198 nigrofulvus, 199
oris, 199
pachita, 202
rattinus, 202
rosa, 202
semispinosus, 200
simonsi, 202
steerei, 204
Prosthiostomum sp., 14 proximus, Thamnophis, 109, 150 Pseudemys elegans, 101
gaigeae, 78, 81, 101 Psoralea esculenta, 208 ptilocnemis, Erolia, 170 ptilocnemis, Tringa, 170 pubescens, Mordella, 121 Puffinus tenuirostris, 183 pugetana, Amphipholis, 15 punctatus, Bufo, 79, 99 pusilla, Wilsonia, 189 pusillus, Ereunetes, 170, 184
quadrifasciata, Mordellistena, 128 quarta, Erolia, 177
Rana berlandieri, 81, 100
marina, 99
rattinus, Proechimys, 202 Reithrodontomys dychei, 206
pectoralis, 205 Rena dulcis, 135 Retepora pacifica, 14 reticulata, Area (Barbatia), 19 reticulatus, Crotaphytus, 103 Rhadinaea montana, 146 Rhinocheilus tessellatus, 78, 92, 112 Rhodostethia rosea, 186 rkombifer, Tropidonotus, 108, 144 ricardulus, Phyllotis, 194 rosa, Proechimys, 202 rosea, Rhodostethia, 186 rubescens, Anthus, 189 rubra, Tantilla, 149 rufocinerea, Mordella, 121 rufus, Calidris, 184 rupestris, Phyllotis, 194 rustica, Hirundo, 187
Salvadora deserticola, 78, 91
grahamii, 78, 91
lineata, 110, 148 sail horn i, Hyla, 155
Sciurus, 191 sapperi, Amastridium, 136
Mimometopon, 136 scabra, Acmaea (Collisella), 14
Nuttallina, 14
Scala (Globiscala) orcuttiana, 15 Scaphiopus couchii, 98 Sceloporus annulatus, 78, 84, 104
consobrinus, 78, 83, 105
couchii, 106
dispar, 105
disparilis, 105
magister, 78, 83, 105
marmoratus, 105
merriami, 78, 83
olivaceus, 105
poinsettii, 78, 84, 104 schmidti, Uta, 78, 83 schotti, Masticophis, 109 Scincus lateralis, 107 Sciurus aestuans, 192
ignitus, 192
sanborni, 191
scolopaceus, Limnodromus, 184 Scotophis laetus, 110 Segall, Walter. Auditory region of the
arctoid carnivores, 33 segregus, Leptotyphlops, 78, 88, 108 selenis, Peromyscopsylla, 217 semispinosus, Proechimys, 200 septemnotata, Mordella, 119 septentrionalis, Dipsas, 143
Leptodeira, 143 Septifer bifurcatus, 15, 16 Sicher, Harry. Masticatory apparatus
in giant panda and bears, 61 simonsi, Proechimys, 202 Sonora semiannulata, 78, 93 Spatula clypeata, 183 spegazzinii, Akodon, 196 Spizella ochracea, 190 splendida, Lampropeltis, 78 spurca, Erosaria (Ocellaria), 20 Squatarola, 184 staminea, Callithaca, 11 Stanford!, Epitedia, 214 stearnsii, Mytilus, 16 steerei, Proechimys, 204 stejnegeri, Uta, 78, 83, 104 stellata, Gavia, 182 Stenostoma myopicum, 136 Stercorarius longicaudus, 185
parasiticus, 185 sticticoptera, Mordella, 124 Storeria dekayi, 149
hidalgoensis, 149 streckeri, Ficimia, 139 subaenea, Mordellistena, 130 subdiaphana, Cooperella, 8 subfuscus, Akodon, 195 subocularis, Elaphe, 78, 91, 111 subruficollis, Tryngites, 185 subviridis, Lasaea, 14, 16 suecica, Cyanocephala, 188 Syrrhopus gaigeae, 80
Tachycineta lepida, 187 Tantilla atriceps, 78, 93, 112
rubra, 149
Taxidea taxus, auditory region, 47 taylori, Micrurus, 30
228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— ZOOLOGY, VOL. 29
Tayra barbara, auditory region, 47 tenere, Elaps, 113
Micrurus, 113 tenuirostris, Puffinus, 183 Terrapene coahuila, 101
ornata, 78, 82 tesselata, Ameiva, 106 tessellatus, Cnemidophorus, 78, 85, 106
Rhinocheilus, 78, 92, 112 testaceus, Masticophis, 78, 90, 110, 144 texana, Holbrookia, 78, 82, 104 texanus, Cophosaurus, 82, 104 Thalarctos maritimus, auditory region,
45 Thamnophis cyrtopsis, 78, 88, 108
marcianus, 78, 88, 108
proximus, 109, 150 thayeri, Lampropeltis, 140
Larus, 186
Tomaxia xenicornis, 117 transversa, Natrix, 78, 88, 108 transversus, Tropidonotus, 88, 108 Tremarctos ornatus, auditory region,
45
triangulifer, Mordella, 123 Trimorphodon vilkinsonii, 78 Tringa ptilocnemis, 170 Tropidonotus dekayi, 149
rhombifer, 100, 144
transversus, 88, 108 truei, Peromyscus, 214 Tryngites subruficollis, 185 tschuktschorum, Arquatella, 174
Erolia, 174
tucumanensis, Akodon, 196 tucumanus, Phyllotis, 194 Turdus migratorius, 188 turneri, Penthestes, 188 tytleri, Hirundo, 188
unalaschcensis, Passerella, 190 uniformis, Mordella, 120
univittata, Mordella, 120
Uria arra, 186
Ursidae, auditory ossicles, 56, 58 auditory region of skull, 45-47, 50 masticatory apparatus, 61 ff.
Ursus arctos, auditory region, 45
uruguaya, Hyla, 158
Uta schmidti, 78, 83 stejnegeri, 78, 83, 104
vaccarum, Phyllotis, 194 valliceps, Bufo, 99 Venerupis lamellifera, 8 veraepacis, Mordellistena, 127 vestita, Mordellistena, 132 vexillosa, Nereis, 14 vilkinsonii, Trimorphodon, 78 virescens, Haminea (Haminea), 15 viridis, Crotalus, 78, 114 vociferus, Oxyechus, 184
wenmanni, Epitedia, 214 Wilsonia pusilla, 189 wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 78, 104 wolffsohni, Phyllotis, 194 woodhousii, Bufo, 79
xanthaeolus, Oryzomys, 192
xanthogrammatica, Cribina, 14 xanthosticta, Mordella, 124 xenicornis, Tomaxia, 117
zitteli, Eremina, 20 Zonotrichia gambeli, 190 zunilensis, Micrurus, 26
•
. -
-
. •
•
• • N ,
•
•
•.
•
-