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This book u?as presented
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Massachusetts HorticulW

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34931

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A

NEW ORCHARD

and Garden I

OR

The beft way for planting, grafting, and to make

any ground good, for a rich Orchard: Particularly in the North,

and generally for the whole kingdome of England as in nature,

reafon, situation, and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare.

With the Country Houfewifes Garden for herbs of common vfe, their
vertues, feafons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and

plots for the belt ordering of Grounds and Walkes.

AS ALSO

The Husbandry of Bees, with their feuer all vfes and annoyances, all being the

experience of 48. yeeres labour, and now the third time corrected and
much enlarged, by William Law/on.

Whereunto is newly added the Art of propagating Plants, with the true ordering

of all manner of Fruits, in their gathering, carrying home, and prefer nation.

a
a.

C

C3

S5
S

Printed at London by J. H. for Francis Williams. 1626.
Reprinted by Robert Pearsall Smith, Philadelphia. 1858.

L4^

THE BEST, SVREST,

AND READIEST WAY TO

make a good Orchard and Garden.

CHAP. I.

Of the Gardner, and his Wages.

?l}osorucr orstrcth antj cnbcuourrtfj to fjauc
a pleasant, anb profitable ©rrharb, must
(if i)f he able) proutbc Ijtmsclfc of a JfxmtU
crrr, religious, honest, sfetlfuU in that Religious.
facultp, ano tfjcrccoithall painfull: i?p
religious, it mranc (because man? thinke
rrltgion out a fashion or customc to goc to
GTljurrl)) maintaining, ano cherishing things
religious: as *rfjoolcs of learning, (Churches,
flTptfjcs, (Churrh^goobs, ano rights; ano
abouc all tijings, (Poos luorb, ano the $Jrearh~
crs thereof, so much as \)t is able, practising
prnpers, nmfortablr conference, mutuall instruction to cbifie, almcs, ano
other ujorkrs of (ffiljatttff, ano all out of a gooo conscience.

fijonestic m a (Darbnrr, rotll grace pour Oaroen, anb all pour ijouse, Honest,
ano ijelpe to stap bnbctblcb 5-eruingmen, giuing offence to none, not
calling pour name into question op bishonest acts, nor infecting pour
famtlp hp cuill counsell or example. ,-jfor there is no plague so infect
tious as ^Joperp ano knaucrp, he toill not purloine pour profit, nor hinber
pour pleasures.

(Concerning his skill, hrc must not be a £cholist, to make sheuj of or Skilfull.
take in banb that, which ije cannot performe, especiallp in so bjcightp a
tl)ing as an (Drcharb: than the which, there ran be no humane thing
more eicellent, eitijer for pleasure or profit, as shall ((Poo roilling) be
proueo m the treatise following. Hno what an binberanrc shall it be,
not onelp to the owner, but to the rominon gooo, that the unspeakable
benefit of manp hunbrrb peeres shall be lost, bp tije aubarious attempt
of an bnskilfull .Hrborist .

The (Parbnrr hab not neeb be an ible, or lajie Hubber, for so pour Painfull.
<T>rrharb being a matter of such moment, bull not prosper. There bill
euer be some thing to boe. iLiLtccbs are alwapes growing. £i)e great

mother

Library
N. C. State College

34931

Gardner.

An Orchard.

Chap, ii.

motfjrr of all liuing (Srcatures, tljc lEattl), is full of sort) tit fjcr bowrls,
an* anp stirring giues them teat of Sunnc, an* being lat* necrc oat},
tbepgroto: jBoujlrs mocke *ailp, ttougij not almapcs altfte. Splinter
trrbs at all times mill grom, (except in txtxtmt frost.) 5n &2U inter pour
poung trees an* ijcrbs moul* be ligttnc* of Snom, an* pour ailncs cleans
sc*: drifts of snoto mill set Deere, ?i}ares, an* ({Tonics, an* otter
nopsomc beasts oucr pout malls an* i)e*ges, into pour (Drrtar*. ratcn
Summer cloattcs pour borders mitt greene an* pccklc* eolours, pour
(Bar*ncc must *resse tis fje*ges, an* antikc morkes : matct ijis iiccs,
an* ijiue tijem : *istill tis Hoses, an* otter tcrbs. Koto begins £um=
mer jFruit to ripe, an* eraue pour ijan* to pull ttcm. If Jjc ijaue a (Gar-
*en (as te must nee*) to krepe, pou must nee*s allom jjim goo* tclpc, to
en* tis labours mticij are en*lessc, for no one man is sufficient for tJjcsc
tljings.
Wages. *urf) a (8ar*ner as mill ronsrionablp, ciuictlp an* patientlp, trauell in

pour (Drdjar*, <£o* stall rromnc ttc labors of ijis ijan*s toitlj iopfulnesse,
an* make tt)e clou*s *rop fatnesse upon pour trrcs, i)c mill prouokr pour
loue, an* came tis mages, an* fees belonging to tis place : Cije ijouse
being serue*, fallen fruit, superfluitp of ijerbs, an* flomrrs, see*s, grasses,
sets, & besi*es otter offall, tljat fruit mljirt pour bountifull tan* stall
relnar* tint toittall, mill murjj augment tis mages, an* tlje profit of pour
13ees mill pap pou backe againe.

H pou be not able, nor milling to i)irr a (Partner, keepe pour profits to
pour selfe, but tijen pou must take all tijc paines: xln* for tljat purpose
(if pou want tijis farultp) to instruct pou, ijaue E un*crtaken tijese labours,
an* gatijerc* tljcse Mules, but djieflp respecting mp UTountries goo*.

CHAP. II.

Of the Soyle.

Muit=Crees most common, an* meetest for our

nortijerne (Countries : (as Apples, Scares, (£te'

rics, jFilbcrbs, re* an* tobjtc yiums, Samsons

an* Dulles,) for me me**le not mitt aprirocks

nor ^cacljcs, nor scarcelp mitt (Qutncljes mijtcij

mill not like in our col* parts, unlesse tijep be

ijelpe* mitt some reflex of icunnc, or otljer like

meancs, nor mitt busljcs, bearing berries, as 13ar=

berics,(Boosberries, or (Proscrs, Kaspbcrirs, an*

sucij like, tijougt tijc iSarbrrp be wfjolcsomc, an*

tlje tree map be ma*e great : *oe require (as all otter trees *oe) a blacke,

fat, mellow^ cleane an* mcll tempere* soplc, mtcrein tijep map gatter

plentp of goo* sap. Some tljinke tijc ?i)asell moul* fjauc a ctanilie rocke,

Soyle. an* tlje Sallom, an* (Jrller a matcrist marist. 3Ttc soile is ma*e better

bp *cluing, an* otljer meancs, being mcll mclte*, an* tlje mil*nessc of ttc

eartij an* mee*s (for euerp tfjing subiect to man, an* seruing ijis use, not

mcll ororrr*, is bp nature subiect to ttc curse) is kille* bp frosts an*

*rougtt,bp fallowmg an* laping on teapes, an* if it be mil* eartij, mitt

burning.

Barren if pour groun* be barren (for some are force* to make an (Drrfjar* of

Earth. barren groun*) make a pit tijree ciuarters *eepe, an* turn par*s wi*r, an*

rcuu*

Kindes of
trees.

Chap. ii. An Orchard. Soyle. 3

rounti in surf) places mfjcre you woulti set your trees, anti fill tfjc same
witb fat, purr, anti irrllolu eartij, one wijolc foot ijigijcr tijan your £oyle,
anti tijerrtn set your i)iant. ,-ffoc wijo is able to manure an wijolc <Dr=
rijarti plot, if it be barren? i3ut if you bctermine to manure tije mijole
site, tijis is your may: tiiggc a trrncij ijalfc a yarb ticepc, all along tije
loluer (if tljcrc be a lower) sitic of your (Drrijarti plot, easting bp all tije
eartl) on tlje inner sitic, ano fill tije same toitij goob sijort, ijot, ano tender
murkc, anti make sucij anotijer Crenel), antj fill tlje same as tlje first, anti
so tlje tijirt), anti so tfjrougijout your ground. &ntJ bn tijis meanes your
plot sijall be fertile for your life. 15ut be sure you set pur trees, neitljer
m tiung nor barren eartij.

i>our grounti must be plaine, tijat it map teeeiue, ant) keepe moysture, piaine.
not oneli) tije raine falling tijerron, but also mater east bpon it, or Ascent);
ing from ijigijcr grounb by £luircs, (Conbuits, vVc. Jfor $ aeeount moys= Moyft.
ture in Rummer brry necbfull in tlje socle of trees, anti brougfjt in &2Hm=
ter. ^rouitietj tijat tije grounti neitfter be boggie, nor tije inuntjation be
past 24. Jjourrs at any time, anti but tunse in tfje mijole Rummer, anti so
oft in J&lintcr. Cfjcrefore if your plot be m a iiankc, or ijaue a tieseent,
make STrrnrijcs by degrees, ailycs, £&talkes, anti sucij like, so as tije
Mater may be staieti from passage, anti if too murij boater be any fjtns
tieranee to your walkcs (for tiry walkcs tioe well beeome an ©crfjarti, anti
an (Drrijarti tijrm :) raise your walkcs mitij eartij first, anti tijrn mitij
stones, as bigge as <E2!lalnuts: anti lastly, witij grauell. in Rummer
you neeti not boubt too mucij mater from ijeauen, eitter to jjurt tlje ijcaltij
of your botiy, or of your trees, anti if oucrflowing molest you after one
tiay, auoiti it tijen by tieepe trrncijing.

*ome for tljis purpose tiigge tije soyle of tljeir ©rrfjarti to reeeibe rnois^
ture, mijiri) it eannot approue: for tije roots mitij digging are oftentimes
ijurt, anti especially being tiiggeti bi) some bnskilfull seruant: jFor tije
^artjiner eannot boe all ijimsclfe. ano moreouer, tije roots of Apples anti
Scares, being laiti neere tiay, mitij tije ijeat of tije £unnc, toill put foortij
suckers, mfjicij are a grrat ijinberanre, anti sometimes mitt euill guitiing,
tije Instruction of trees, bnlesse tije tieluing be bery sijallow, anti ttyt
grounti latti brry leuell againe. (tfijeries anti opiums witijont tieluing, mill
ijarbly or neuer (after twenty yeeres) be kept from surij suckers, nor aspes.

©rasse also is tijougijt neetiful for moysture, so you let it not toucij tije GrafTe.
roots of your trees : for it mill breetie mosse, anti tije boall of your tree
neere tije eartij woulb t)aut tije comfort of tije sunne anti ayre.

~ome take tfjctr grounti to be too moist wfjen it is not so, bj) reason of
maters standing tijereon, for except in sourc marsfjes, springs, antj con-
tnuiall oucr^floWings, no eartij can be too moist. *antiy anti fat eartb
mill auoiti all mater falling b)) receit. Entiecti a stiffe clay mill not receiue
tije mater, anti tijerefore if it be grassie or plaine, especially Jjollow, tije
mater mill abitie, anti it mill seeme watcrisij, wijen tije fault is in tije want
of manuring, anti otijer gooti tircssing.

iTtjis plainnessc wijirij we require, fjati neeti be naturall, because to
force an bneuen grounti will bestroy tije fatnesse. jFor euery soile ijatij
ijis crust next tiay wijerein trees ant) ijearbs put tijeir roots, anb mijence
tijey bram tijeir sap, mtjirij is tije best of tije soile, ant) matie fertile mitij
beat anti colb, moisture anti brougijt, anb bnber loijicij, tv reason of tije
Want of tije saib temperature, by tlje saiti soure qualities, no tree nor
Ijcrbe (in a manner) Will or can put root, as may be scene if in tugging Natural-

yOUC ]y plaine.

Site.

An Orchard.

Chap. in.

Low and
neere a
Riuer.

pour ground, pou iafte the tortus of most growth : as grassr or bocks,
(Wljicij Will groW thotigb tj)rp Inr upon tijr earth bare) pet burg them unber
tbe rrust, anb t1jci> Will surely bpc anb perish., anti become manure to pour
grounti. <Tbis rrust is not past 15. or 18. inches tirrpr in gooti grottnb,
in otijrr grountis Icssr. ?l)crebp apprarrs tbe fault of forrrti platnrs, viz.
pour rrust in the lower parts, is rourrrti toitij tijr rrust of tijc ijigtjcr parts,
Craft of ant) both with Worse earth : pour Jjetgfjta ijauing the rrust taken aWap,
the earth, are become mccrelp barren: so that ctthcr pou must force a nrW rrust, or
ijaue an euill soile. Unb be sure pou leuell, before pou plant, lest pou
be forrrti to remoue, or ijurt pour plants bp tiiggtng, anti easting amongst
their roots. *>our grounti must be rlrcrcb as murlj as pou map of stones,
anti grauell, Wals, hebges, bushes, anti other tocebs.

CHAP. III.

Of the Site.

Q)txt is no "Difference that $ finbe betwixt tf)e ne=
eessitp of a gooti soile, anti a gooti site of an ©r=
rharb. jFor a gooti soile (as is before brsrribrb)
rannot toant a gootj site, anti tf it tioe, tije fruit
rannot be gooti, anti a gooti site Will much, menb
an euill soile. JITije best site is in loll) grountis,
(anti if pou can) neere unto a Hitter.

pljigh 'grottnbs are not naturallp fat: &nb if
thrp haue anp fatnesse bp mans tjanti, the bcrp
brsccnt in time both, wash it awap. Jt is with
grountis in tbis case as it is with men in a commonwealth. ittuch will
hauc more: anb once poore, sclbome or neuer rich. SThe ratne will scinb,
anti was!), anb the winb will bloW fatnesse from the heights to the fjols
loWes, wjjete it Will abibe, anb fatten tije earth tijough tt were barren
before.

?l)ence it is, that we fjaur sclbome anp plaine grottnbs, anb low, bar-
ren: anb as sclbome anp hetgfjts naturallp ferttll. it is bnspeakablc,
Wbat fatnesse is brought to low grottnbs bp Enunbations of waters.
Neither bib £ cuer know anp barren grottnb m a low plaine bp a Hitter
stbe. 2Ti)t goobnesse of the soile in Howl or Hollow-dernes, in Yorkeshire,
is Well knoWnc to all that knoW tbe Hitter Humber, anb the huge bulkcs
of their kartell tbere. iSv estimation of them that Ijattc scene tbe loW
grottnbs in Holland, anb Zealand, tljcp farrc surpasse the most (f oun=
trtcs in Europe for fruttfttlncsse, anb onelp because tljcp Ipc so loW. vTbe
Worlb cannot compare With JEgypt*, for fcrtilitte, so farrc as Nilus both
oucr=floW his bankes. ~o tijat a fitter place cannot be chosen for an
(Drcbarb, tfjan a loW planic bp a riuer sibe. jFoc besibes the fatnesse
wljirlj ttje water brings, if anp rloubp mist or raine be stirring, it rom=
monlp fals boWne to, anb t'ollowes tijc course of the Hitter. :Hnb Wijcrc
sec we greater trees of bulk anb bough, then stanbtng on or neere the
Waters sibe? If pou aske whp the plames in Holdernes, & such cottn=
tries are brstitttte of Woobs? i answer, tijat men anb cattell (tijat fjaue
put trres thence, from out of planus to boib cornrrs) are better then tires.
Mark- <r>ur olb fathrrs ran tell us, IjoW Woobs arc brcateb, & people in the
ham. roomti) of tires multiplieb. £ banc stoob somrWijat long in tbis point,

because some boe bttcrlp ronbemne a moist soile for fruit^trrrs.

a low

a Pfal. i. 3.
Eze. 17. 8.
Eccl.39.17.

Chap. in. An Orchard. Site. 5

a lorn ground is gooti to auoib tije danger of mintis, botfj for shaking
bourne pour bnripr fruit, antj blowing bown pour trees. dFruit bloum
bnripr, arc small mortij : ant) tijougij tljrp be ripe, pet bring bruiscti toitt) winds.
tbr fall (cspcciallp if tijep be big) tijep arc not gooti but for prrscnt bsc. chaP- !3-
Crccs tije most (tijat I know) being loaticn toitij Wooti, for want of prop;
ntng, ant) growing hiqh, bp tijc bnskilfulncssc of tf)c arborist, must
nectis be in contmuall oangee of tijc ;coutij=wcst, <L&tcst, anti Nortjj=
West tombs, cspcciallp in September anti March, Wijcn tljc aire is most
temperate from extreme ijeat, anti colli ; WJjicij arc tieatilp enemies to great
Winos. (L&lijcrrforr cijusc your grounti loW. <Dr if pou be forcrTj to plant
in a ijtgljcc grounti, let tjigij anb strong toals, ijousrs, ano Crces, as
J&lalUnuts, $Jlanc=trccs, ©fees, ant) asfjes, placeb in goob orocr, be
pur fence for Wintis.

Cijc sucken of pour EJwclling-ijousc, ticsccntiing into pour ©rcijaro (if
it be rlcanlp conucigfjeb) is gooti.

Cijc icunne (in some sort) is tfje life of tije worltr. It makctij prouti Sunne.
groWti), anb ripens kintil)), anb sprcbilp, accortiing to tljc golocn tcarmc;
Annus fructificdt, non tellus. Ctjcreforc in tije (Countries, ncerer ap=
proartjing tfje Zodiake, tije jrunncs fjabitatiou, tijep Jjaue better, anb
sooner ripe fruit, tijen We that tiWell in tijese frozen parts.

Cijts prouokctij most of our great Hrborists, to plant &prirockcs, (She? Trees a-
rt'rs, ano Vcacijes, bp a mall, anb Witij tacks, anb otijer mcancs to sprcati §ainft a
tijrm bpon, ano fasten tijem to a mall, to ijaue tije benefit of tije immotie' wal]-
rate refleie of tfje Sun, Wijicij is commenoable, for tfje ijauing of faire,
gooti, anb soone ripe fruit. $3ut let tijem knoW it is more fjurtfull to tijric
trees tijen tije benefit tijep reape ttjcrebp ran rrciutre ; as not suffring a
Cree to line tije tcntfj part of his age. it ijelpes ©artiners to toorke, for
first tije mall ijinbers tije roots, berause into a tirp anb ijart) mall of eartij
or stone, a tree mill not, nor rannot put anp root to profit, but especially
it stops tijc passage of sap, toijerrbp tijc bark is mountieti, ant) tije Wooti,
anti diseases grom, so tjjat tije tree becomes sijort of life. Jfor as m tijc
bobp of a man, tijc leaning or Iping on some member, mijercbp tije course
of bloub is stopt, makes tijat member as it mere beat) for tije time, till tije
blouti rcturnc to ijis rourse, anti $ tijinke, if tijat stopping sijoulb continue
anp time, tijc member Woulti perisij for Want of blouti (for tije life is in
tije blouti) $c so enbanger tijc bobp: so tije sap is tije life of tijc tree, as
tijc blouti is to mans botip ; ncitijer tiotij tije tree in Winter (as is sup=
poscb) mant Ijis sap, no more tijen mans bobp ijis blouo, wijicij in minter,
anti time of sleep braWrs inWarb. *o tijat tije ocab time of minter, to a
tree, is but a nigijt of rest : for tije tree at all times, cuen in minter is
nourisijeti Witij sap, anti groWcti) as well as mans botip. Cije cijtlling
colti map mell some little time stap, or Jjinocr tije proub course of tije sap,
but so little anti so sbort a time, tijat in cucrjt) calme, anb milb season,
eucn in tht tirptij of minter (if pou marke it) pou map casilp percciue tijc
sap to put out, anti pour trees to increase tijeir bubs, mbicij mere formrb
in tije summer before, anb map casilp tijen be tjisccrncti : for leaues fall
not off, till tijep be tijrust oflf lijitij tijc knots or butis, mijercupon it comes
to passe tijat trees cannot bcare fruit plcntifullp tmo pecres togctijer, anti
make tijemsctues rcabp to blossome against tije seasonablcnessc of tije
neit Spring.

Enb if anp frost be so extreme, tijat it stap tije sap too mucij, or too
long, tijen it kils tije forluarb fruit in tljc bcrp bub, anb somrtuncs tljc

muni

Orchard
as good
as a corn-
field.

Compared
with a

Vine-
yard.

Compared
with a
garden.

Site, An Orchard. Chap, nil-

trnber Iraucs anb twigs, but not tije trrc. (L&lijcrrforc (to returnc) it is
pcrillous to stop tije sap. ,3nb wijerr, or wijen, tuti you cttcr sec a grrat
tree pacta on a wall ? Xay, wijo XiiXi cucr knob) a tree so bnkinbly splat,
comr to agr? £ fjauc ijcarb of some, tfjat out of ttjeir imaginary running,
ijauc plantcb suctj hirers on tije Nortij sibc of tije wall, to auoib brougijt,
but tije brat of tije icunne is as romfortablc (wtjicb tijey stjoulb ijaut
regarbcb) as tijc brougijt is ijurtfull. &nb altijougij Watrr is a sourraigne
remeby against brougtjt, yet want of Sun is no way to be ijclpcb.
2jJlltjrrrforr to ronrlubr tijis Chapter, Irt your grounb lie so, tijat it mag
ijaur tije benefit of tije soutij, anb west 3>unne, anb so lob) anb rlosr, ttjai
it man baur moisture, anb inrrease fjis fatnesse (for trees are tije greatest
suckers anb pillers of eartij) anb (as murij as mag be) free from great winbs.

CHAP. mi.

Of the Quantltie.

C booulb be remembreb wijat a benefit rtsctij, not
oncly to cucry partirular owner of an (Drrijarb
but also to. tije common~wcaltij, by dfruit, as
sijall be sijrwcb in tije 16. cijaptcc ((Dob milling)
wijercupon must neebs follow: tije greater tije
(Drrijarb is (being goob anb well kept) tije better
it is, for of goob tijtngs, being equally goob, tije
biggest is tije best, anb if it sijall appeare, tijat
no grounb a man occupictij (no, not tbe (Corner
ficlb) ycclbetij more gaine to tije purse, anb ijousc=
keeping (not to speake of tije bnspeakable pleasure) ciuantity for quantity,
tijan a goob (Drrijarb (besibes tije rost \n planting, anb bressing an
(Drrijarb, is not so mueij ^ farre, as tije labour anb feebing of your
(Cornc^ficlbs, nor for buranre of time, romparable, besibes tije certainty
of tije one before tije otjjcr) % see not ijob) any labour, or rost in tijis kinb,
ran be ibly or wastcfully bcstowcb,oc tijougijt too murij. 3nb wijat otber
tijing is a Wineyarb (in tbosc rountries wijece Wines boc tijriuc) tban a
large (Drrijarb of trees bearing fruit ? (Dr wijat bifference is tijere in tije
inter of tije (Drape, anb our (Hybrr anb ^erry, but tije goobnesse of tije
£oilr anb clime wtjerc tbey grob)? wbicij maketij tije one more ripe, anb
so more pleasant tijen tije otijer. 2J2Ut)atsocucr can be saib for tije benefit
rising from an (Drrijarb, tijat makes for tije largenesse of tbe (Drrtjarbs
bounbs. &nli (me tbinkes) tijey boc preposterously, tijat bestob) more
cost anb labours, anb more grounb in anb bpon a (Sarben tijan bpon an
(Drrijarb, toijence tijey reape anb may reape botij more pleasure anb more
profit, \i)) infinite begrees. Rnli furtijer, tijat a (Darben neuer so fresij,
anb faire, anb well kept, cannot continue witijout botij renewing of tije
eartij, anb tije berbs often, in tbe sijort anb orbinary age of a man:
wbcrcas your (Drrijarb mell kept sijall bure biuers bunbreb ycercs, as
sball be sijeweb cijapter 14. In a large (Drrijarb tberc is murb labour
saueb, in fencing, anb ottjerwise: for tijree little (Drrijarbs, or few tiers,
bring (in a manner) all out^sibes, are so blasted anb bangercb, anb com=
monly in keeping neglectcb, anb require a great fence ; wijerras in great
(Drrijarbs, trees are a mutuall befence one to anotijer, anb tije keeping is
rrgarbeb, anb Irsse fencing scrues six arrrs togctijer, tijan tijree in seuc=
rail inclosures.

JloU)

7

What
quantity
of ground.
Want is no
hindrance.
How
Land-
lords, by
their te-
nants,
may
make
flou ri-
ming
orchards
in Eng-
land.

Chap. v. An Orchard. Quantitie.

Now toijat quantity of aroint* is mretest for an (JDrrijar* ran no man
prrsrnbr, out tijat must be Irft to euery mans seuerall tubgrment, to or
measure* arrorotng to ijis ability an* will, for otfjrc neeessarics testers
fruit must be tja*, ant) some are more beligijte* Xutti) <Drcijar*s tijru
otyers.

liet no man ijautng a fit plot plea* pouerty in tljis rase, for an (Drrfjar*
cure planted will maintain* it selfe, an* peel* infinite profit besibes.
an* £ am persWabr*, tijat if men *i* knoto tije rigijt an* test wan of
planting, *rrssing, an* keeping trees, an* felt tije profit an* pleasure
tijerrof, botij tljey tijat ijaue no Orrtjarbs woul* ijaue tijem, an* tbey tijat
ijaue (Drrijarbs, woul* ijaue tijem larger, yea fruit trees in tijeir ijr*ges,
as in Worstershire, vVr. En* £ tijinke, t§at tije want of planting, is a
great losse to our eommon^wealtij, & in partirular, to tfje owners of llor*=
stjips, wijirtj ?Lan*lor*s tijrmselues migijt easily amen*, op granting
longer terme, an* better assuranre to tijeir tenants, wijo Ijaue taken bp
tl)is yrouerbe : Botch and sit, Build and flit: for Wijo wil buil*, or plant
for anotber mans profit ? Or tije parliament migijt enioyne euery orrupier
of grottn*s, to plant an* maintain* for so mang arres of fruitful! groun*,
so mans sruerall trees or kinbe of trees for fruit. Ctjus murij for quantity.

CHAP. V.

Of the Forme.

?i}e goo*nesse of tije £oile, an* £ite, are neees=
sary to tije well being of an (Drrijar* simply, but
tije forme is so farre nrrrssary, as tije owner
sijall tbinke meet, so tijat kin*e of forme wijerr=
witij euery partirular man is *eligijte*, we leaue
it to ijimselfe, suum cuique pulchrum. ^Tije forme The usuall
tbat men like in generall is a square, for altijougb forme is a
roun*nesse be forma perfectissima, net tijat pnn= fquare.
eiple is goo* wijere neeessity by art*otij not forre
some otijer forme. Now for as murij as one puns
ripall en* of ©rrijar*s is rerreation by walkes, an* bniuersally walkes
are straigijt, it followes tijat tije best forme must be square, as brst agree=
ing Witij straigijt Walkes: net if any man be ratber beligtjte* Witij some
otijer forme, or if tije groun* will not beare a square, £ *isrommen* not
am; forme so it be formall. Sin* a square mag be *rawnr out of any
forme to make strrigijt walkes ; an* no forme of it selfe is eitijer goo* or
ba* for tije trees. H Witijin one large square tije <C5ar*nrr sijall make one
roun* ILabyrintij or i*Ta?vr Wttij some kin*e of iierrirs, it Will graee your
forme, so tijere be sufueicnt roomtij left for Walkes, so will foure or moe
roun* knots *oe. jfor it is to be note*, tijat tije rye must be please* witij
tije forme. £ ijaue seene squares rising bp *egrees Witij stales from pour
ijouseWar*, arror*ing to tbis forme wijirij £ ijaue, Crassa quod aiunt
Minerua, tottt) an bnstraby ijan*, rougij ijetoen,for in forming tijetCoun^
try ©arbnrrs, tije better sort mag bse better formes, an* more rostly
toorkr. <L21ijat is nee*full more to be sai*, £ referre tijat all (eoneemtng
tije dforme) to tije rijapter 17- of tije ornaments of an (Drrijar*.

CHAP.

8 Forme.

An Orchard.

Chap. v.

A. All these squares
must bee set with
trees, the Gardens
& other ornaments
must stand in spaces
betwixt the trees,
<fe and in the bor-
ders aud fences.

B. Trees 20. yards
asunder.

C. Garden knot.
I). Kitchen garden.

E. Bridge.

F. Conduit.

G. Staires.

H. Walkes set with
great wood thicke.

I. Walkes set with
great wood round
about your Orchard.

K. The out fence.

L. The out fence
set with stone fruit.

M. Mount. To force
earth for a mount,

or such like, set it
round with quicke ;
and lay boughs of
trees strangely in-
termingled, tops in-
ward with the earth
in the middle.

N. Still-house.

0. Good standing
fur Bees, if you

haue an house.

P. If the Riuer run
by your doore, and
\ mler your mount
it will be pleasant.

South.

CHAP.

Chap. vi.

An Orchard.

Fences.

fence be
your

Kinds o
fences.
Earthen
wals.

CHAP. VI.

Of Fences.

t&JL gout labour past anb to come about an Effca of
©rrijarb is lost bnlrssc gou fence tocll. $t sijall euill fences.
gricuc gou mucij to see gout gonjj sets rubb loose
at tije roots, ti)c barkc ptltj, tije bougbs anb tmigs
cropt, pour fruit stolnr, gour trees broken, anb
all pour manp grcrrs Uabours anb ijoprs bc=
strogcb, for toant of jFcnccs. B, cijiefc care must
be ijab m tljis point. H?ou must therefore plant
in surf) a soile, coijere gou map prouibc a ronue=
nient, strong, anti sccmclg fence. ,-fFor gou ran
possesse no goobs, tijat ijauc so mang enemies as an (OHrtjarb, look
cijapt. 13. ,-fFruits are so bcligljtsomc, anti tiesireo of so mang (nag, in a
manner of all) anti get fern mill be at cost anti take paines to prouitie
tijem. jFcncc toell tljerefore, let gour plot be mijollg in gour oumc power, Let the
tijat gou make all gour fence gour selfe : for iJlcigijbours fencing is none
at all, or berg carrlesse. Cake ijeebe of a tioore or minbom (gea of a mall)
of ang otljcr mans into gour (Drrijacb : gea, tijougij it be naileti bp, or tije
mall be ijigi), for pcrijaps tijeg mill proue tijecucs.

ail ^Fences commonlg are mabc of ISartij, jrtonc, lirickc, <£2Hootr, or
botij earti) anb mooti. Drg mall of rartij, anti tirg Ditrfjcs, are tije morst
fences sauc pales or railes, anti tioe maste tije soonest, bnlessc tijeg be
mell copt coitij glooe anb morter, mfjereon at jWigijilUtibc it mill be goob
to sou) raall=flomccs, commonlg calleb iiec=flo luces, or minter <EMllg=
flomcrs, because ti)eg mtli grolu (tijougij amongst stones) anb abibe tije
strongest frost anb brougbt, continuallg greene anb flomrtng euen in
? 23 niter, anb ijauc a pleasant smell, anti are timelg, (tfjat is, tijeg mill
floure tije first anb last of Homers) anb are goob for -b'ees. &nb gour
cartijrn mall is goob for 13ees "Org anb marine. i3ut tfjese fences are botij
bnseemelg, euill to repaire, anb onelg for neebe, InJjcre stone or moob can-
not be ijab. <L&iijosoruer makes sucij TOals, must not pill tt)e grounb in
tije cHrcijarb, for getting eartl), nor make ang pits or ijollomes, mfjicl) are botl)
bnseemelg anb bnprofitable. (Dlb big cartij mixt Umij sanb is best for
tijrsc. 2Ti)i.s kinbe of mall mill soone becag, bg reason of tije trees mijicij
grom neere it, for tijr roots anb boales of great trees, mill increase, bnber=
mine, anb ouerturne suci) mals, tijougfj tijeg mere of stone, as is apparant
bg Hsijes, ivountiees, ^urt=trees, anb suci) like, carricb in tije cijat, or
beri'ie, bg birbs into stone mals.

^Fences of Dcab=bjoob, as pales, mill not last, neitijer mill railes eitijer Jal« and
last or make goob fence.

~tonr=U)als (mijerc stone mag be ijab) are tije best of tijis sort, botij for
fencing, lasting, anb sijroubing of gour gong trees. 13ut about tijis must
gou bestom mucij paines anb more cost, to ijaue tijem ijanbsome, ijigij anti
burable. .

iiut of all otijer (in mine opinion) (Quickmoob, anb ittoats or Ditcijes *^ .
of mater, mbcre ti)'c grounb is leuell, is ti)c best fence, in bncciuall
grounbs, mijicij bill not. kecpe mater, tijere a boublc bitri) mag be cast,
mabe streigbt anb leuell on ti)e top, tmo garbs broab for a t'atrr U)alkc,fiuc
or si.r foot bigbec tben tije sogle, mitij a gutter on eitijer sibe, tmo garbs

mibe,

Raile.
Stone

wals.

wood &
Moatcs.

IO

Sets.

An Orchard.

Chap. 7.

Moatcs.

Slips.

Bur-knot.

totbc, anb fourr foot "Cirrpc set tottijout, Uu'tf) tfjrrc or fourc cfjesse of
Cfjomeis, nno mitijtn Uiitij ([Tijcrrp, illumine, Damson, liullps, jFtlbcrbs
(for £ lour tijrsc tires better for tijeir fruit, anb as well for tijeir formr,
as priuit) for pou map matte tijrm take anp formr. Enb in cucrp rornrr
(ano mtoolr if pou mill) a mount luoulo be ratsrb, mijerrabout tijc mocb
mag claspc, poujbcrrb loitij luooo-tiinr : mijicij mill matte miti) brrssing a
fairr, pleasant, profitable, ano sure fenee. iSut pou must be sure tijat
pour guirke tijornrs cittjer groin mbollp, or tijat tijrre be a supply bctimc,
citijrr loitij planting nrln, or plashing tbr olo loijcrc Uiant is. ;3nb assure
pour srlfe, tijat neitijer looob, stone, eartij, nor mater, ran make so strong
a fence, as tljis after seuen peeres groaiti).

/Boats, ,-jfisij=ponbs, ano (rspcciallp at one sioe a l\iuer) toitijin anb
Imttjout pour fence, lotll afforo pou fisij, fenre, ano mopsture to pour trees,
ano pleasure also, if tijep be so grrat ano ocep tijat pou map ijaue
Sloans, ano otijer water biros, goob for beuouring of brrmme, ano a boat
for many goob uses. .

£t sijall ijarblp auatle pou to make anp fence for pour (Prrijarb, if pou
be a niggarb of pour fruif. Jfor as liberalttp mill saue it best from nop=
some netgtjbours, librralitp £ sap is tije best fence ; so tustice must
restraine rioters. STijus loi)cn pour grounb is tempereb, sciuarcb, anb
fenreb, it is time to proutbe for planting.

CHAP. VII.

Of Sets.

?!)rre is not one point (in mp opinion) about an
©rrijarb more to be regarbeb, tijan tfje ci)otce
getting anb setting of goob plants, eitijer for rea=
binesse of ijauing goob fruit, or for continual!
lasting. ,-fFor mijosocuer sijall faile in tijc rljoise
of goob Sets, or in getting, or gathering, or set-
ting ijis jiJlants, sijal ncuer ijaue a goob or lasting
(Drrbarb. ilnb £ take Inant of skill in tijis faculs
tie to be a rtjicfc ijinberanre to tije most (Dr=
rijarbs, anb to manp for ijauing of ©rrijatbs
at all.)

Some for rcabincssc bsc slips, mijicij selbome take root: anb if tijep
boe take, tijep cannot last, boti) because tijeir root ijauing a matne Inounb
mill in sijort time berap tije bobp of tije tree : anb bcsibes tijat roots bring
so loraklp put, are soonc nipt mitij brougijt or frost. £ coulb ncuer see
(ligijtlp) anp slip but of Apples onelp set for trees.

.a bur-knot kinblp taken from an apple tree, is murij better anb surer.
$011 must rut Ijim rlose at tije root enb, an Ijanbfull bnber the knot,
Some bse in summer about Lammas to circumcise ijtm, anb put eartij to
tbe knot loitfj ijap=ropes, anb in minter rut f)tm off anb set i)im, but tins
is curiositp, nceblcsse, anb banger mitij remouing, anb brougijt, anb rut
aluap all ijts tmigs saue one, tije most prinripall, mijirb in setting pou
must leauc aboue tf)e earti), burping ijis trunrk in tije crust of tijc eartij
for ijis root. £t matters not murij mijat part of tije bougij tije tmig gromes
out of. H it groin out of or neere tije root enb, some sap suci) an .Hpple
Uiill ijaue no coarc nor kernrll. (!3r if it please tije Planter, ije map let

Ijis

Chap. 7. An Orchard. Sets. 1 1

fiis fiough fir rrookcti, anti leaue out ijis top cut), one foot or somewhat
more, wherein will fie gooti grafting, if cittjer pou like not, or tioufit the
faut of tije fiough. (for commonlp pour 43ur=knots arc summer fruit) or if
pou tijinkc i)c totll not, roucr ijis wounti safclp.

Cijc most fisuall kintic of £cts, is plants witij roots growing of kir^ Vfuali
nrls of apples, Scares, anti (JTrafis, or stones of Cherries, ^lummcs, &c. Sets-
rcmoucti out of a Nursecp, <L<Llooti, or otijrc (Drctjarti, into, anti set in
pour (Drrijarti in their tme places, £ grant tins kintic to fie ficttcr ttjan
citijee of the former, fip much, as more sure anti more tmrafile. herein
pou must note, tfjat in sets so rcmoucti, pou get all tfje roots pou can, ant) .
without firuising of anp ; $ uttcrlp tiisltkc tije opinion of tijosc great <5ar= Mainc
timers, that following their fiookes woulti tjaue tije mainc roots cut awap, T°™ jjJJ1,
for tops cannot grow without roots. anti fiecause none can get all tije re^u^
roots, anti remouall is an ijintirancc, pou map not leaue on all tops, wijen
pou set tijem: ,-fFor tfjere is a proportion hctwiit tfje top anti root of a tree,
euen in the number (at least) in tije growttj. $f tije roots fie manp, tijep
will firing pou manp tops, if thep fie not ijintircti. anti if pou use to stoWe
or top pour tree too much or too loin, anti leaue no issue, or little for sap,
(as is to fie scene in pour ijetigcs) it will ijinticc ti)e growth of roots anti
fioale, fiecause suet) a kintic of stowing is a kintic of smothering, or cf)oak=
ing tfje sap. y?reat woot), as (Dafce, IHlme, asije, &r. ficing continuallp
kept tiownc, with stjecres, knife, axe, *cc. neither fioale nor root mill thciuc,
fiut as an hetige or fiusi). $f pou intenti to graffc m pour Set, pou map
cut ijim closer With a greater mount), anti necrer tfje earttj, within a foot
or two, fiecause tije graft or grafts mill coucr his wounti. If pou like his
fruit, anti woulti Jjaue ijim to fie a tree of tjimselfe, fie not so fiolti : this £
can tell pou, tijat though pou tioe cut i)is top close, ant) leaue notijing fiut
ijts fiulke, fiecause ijis roots arc few, if i)c fie (fiut little) fiigger tijan pour
ttjumfie (as £ wisij all plants rcmoucti to fie) ijc will safelp rccoucr f)is
wounti witfjin seucn pecres ; fip gooti guidance that is : Jf the next time
of dressing immetiiatlp afioue tjis uppermost sprig, pou cut ijim off aslope
eleanelp, so that the sprig stanti on tije fiacke sitie, (anti if pou can Norths
waro, that tije wounti map i)aue tije benefit of *unnc) at tije upper cnti of
tije Wounti : anti let that sprig onelp fie tije fioale. anti take this for a GeneraM
generall rule; i£uerp pong ^Jlant, if i)c tijriue, will rccoucr anp wounti ruie.
afioue tije earti), fip gooti tircsstng, alttjougij it fie to tije one ijalfe, anti to
ijis fierp ijeart. Ch'is sijort cutting at tije remouc, saues pour plants from
wtntic, anti nectie tije lesse or no staking. $ comment) not Hping or Tying of
ILeaning of JITrecs against ^cltis or *>taprcs ; for it firecties ofistruction Trees.
of 5ap anti wountis tncurafilc. ail remouing of 3Trces as great as pour Generall
arme, or afioue, is tiangerous: tijougij sometime some sucij Will grow, fiut rule-
not continue long : 13ecausc tijep fie tainteti Witij tieatilp Wountis, eitficr m
tfie root or top. (anti a tree once tijrougi)lp tainteti is neucr gooti.) anti
tfiougfi tijep get some ijolti in tije earttj Witij some lesser taW, or tawes,
wijictj giue some nourisijment to tije fiotip of tfie tree : pet the ijeart ficmg
tainteti, \)t Will ijartilp euer tijriue; wijicij pou map castlp tusccmc fip tije
filacknesse of tfie fiougijs at tfie heart, w^en pou tircsse pour trees, also, ^ns of
Wijen ijee is set Witij moe tops tijan tije roots can nourisij, tije tops tiecap^ ^eases-
ing, filacken tfie fiougfis, anti tije fiougijes tije armes, anti so ti)c fioale at a' I3'
tije fierp ijeart. <Dr tljis taint in tije remouall, if it kill not presentlp, fiut
after some short time, it map be tnsccrncti fip filacknesse or pclloWnessc
in tije fiacke, anti a small ijungreti leafe. (Dc if pour rcmoucti \)iant put

fortij

12 Sets. An Orchard. Chap. 7.

fortfj leaucs tfje nm ant secont Summer, ant little or fern sprapcs, it is a
great signc of a taint, ant next pecrcs tcatlj. $ tjaue knoconc a tree taintct
in setting, pet groto, ant brace blossomcs for biucrs pecrrs : ant pet for
mant of strength) roult ncuer sfjapc ijts fruit.
Suckers Xcit bnto ttjis, or rattjer equal! mitlj ttjese plants, are Suckers grom=

good fets. tng out of tlje roots of great Crees, mljirlj (Sljcrrirs ant yiums "boe seU
tome or neuer mant: ant being taken femtJlg totti) tijeir roots, mill make
brrp goot Sets. ant pou map fjclpc tfjem muclj bp enlarging tljcir roots
mitf) tije tames of tfje tree, mljcncc pou take ttjem. CJjcp arc of tmo sorts:
lEitfjer groining from tlje beep root of ttje tree: ant Jjcrc pou must fie eare=
full, not to ljurt pour tree mljrn pou gatijer tijem, bp ripping amongst ti)c
toots ; ant tljat pou take tJjcm eleanc amap : for tfjese are a great ant
continual! annopanre to ttje gromtfj of pour tree: ant tljrp milt ijartlp be
cleansct. Sccontlp, or tljep toe arise from some tarn : ant tijese map be
taken mitijout tanger, tottlj long ant goot roots, ant mill soone become
decs of strcngtlj.
A Running Cljcre is anotljcr map, mljirlj I f)auc not tbrougblp prouct, to get not
Plant. oncjp giants for grafting, but Sets to rcmaine for Crccs, mljirtj $ call a
Running Plant : tlje manner of it is ttjis : Stake a root or kimcll, ant put
it into ttje mittlc of pour plot, ant ttje secont peerc in ttje Spring, gelt
ijis top, if Jjc ijaue one pcinripall, (as commonlp bp nature ttjcp ijaue) ant
let ijim put fortij onelp fourc (Cpons tomart tlje fourc corners of tlje <Dr=
rijart, as neere tlje eartij as pou can. If tjee put not fourc, (mljicij is rare)
stap ijis top till ije ijaue put so manp. fctJilijcn pou ijaue sucij fourc, cut
tije Stockc aslope, as is aforesait in tijis ^tjaptcr, tjart aboue tije bppcr-
most sprig, ant kcepc tljose fourc mitijout (ffpons eleanc ant strcigbt, till
pou tjaue ttjem a part ant an ijalfc, at least, or tmo parts long. Cljcn
tlje ntxt spring m grafting time, lap tomnc ttjosc foure spraies, tomarts
tbe foure corners of pour (Drrljart, mtttj ttjeir tops in an tjeape of pure
ant goot carttj, raisct as ijigtj as tlje root of pur (£pon, (for sap mill
not tcsccnt) ant a sot to kcepc tljcm tomne, leauing nine or tmclue incbes
of tlje top to looke bpmart. in tljat ijill tjc mill put roots, ant tjis top ncm
(Cpons, mljicij pou must sprcat as before, ant so from Ijill to bill till tjc
spreat tlje compasse of pour grount, or as farre as pou list. £i in bentr
tug, tlje UTpons crackc, tlje matter is small, cleanse tlje grount ant tje
mill rccoucr. 12 tier 1; bentct bougtj mill put forttj branrljcs, ant become
decs. If tijis plant be of a burre knot, tljcre is no toubt. £ Ijaue prouct
it in one bcanrJj mp sclfe : ant £ knorn at Wilton in Cleeue-land a ^Jeare^
tree of a great bulkc ant age, blomnc close to ttje eactlj, Ijattj put at cuerp
knot roots into ttje eactlj, ant from root to top, a great number of migijtp
acmes or trees, filling a great roomtij, like manp trees, or a little ©rcijart'.
jtturlj better map it be tone bp art in a lessc Crcc. ant £ coult not
mislike ttjis kinte, saue ttjat tlje time milt be long before it come to per=
fection.
Settes ittanp bse to bun Sets alreatp graftet, mljicij is not tije best map.: for

bought. nrst, ail remoucs are tangerous: againc, tijerc is tanger in ttje car=
nagc : Cijirtlp, it is a costlp course of planting : jF ourttjlp, cuerp <!?>ar=
ttner is not trustp to sell pou goot fruit: dfiftlp, pou knobj not mljicij is
best, mljicij is moist, ant so map take most care about pour morst trees.
Ilastlp, ttjis map kecpes pou from practise, ant so from experience, in so
goot, (Sentlemanlp, Scijolerlike, ant profitable a jFaciiltP.

The belt 2n)r onti}} i3fSt Wflp ^ mp opinion) t0 |)nur mu m^ [agtinCJ SetS, IS

hcLS- ncuer

Chap. 7. An Orchard. Sets. 13

nrurr to rrmonc : for cucrp rrmour is an binbrranrc, it not a bangcrous
ijurt or brablp taint. Cijis is tije blag : Cijc |)lot=formc bctng laib, anb Vnre-
tljr |)lot appointed toljcrr pou mill plant cucrp £ct in pour (Drrljarb, biggc moued
tijr roomtlj, UMjrrc pour iccts sijall stanb, a parti compassc, anb make tbc how.
rartt) mrllobj anb clcanc, anb mingle it toitij a fern coalc asfjes, to auoib
(LiLlormcs : anb immcbiatlp after tije first cfjangc of tije itf oone, in tije
latter cnb of jfebruarp, tije cacti) bring a frcsij turncb oucc, put in cucrp
stir!) roomtlj tijrec or fourc kirnrls of apples or iJcarrs, of tije first: cucrp
kunctl in an ijolc matie untij pour finger, fingcr=becpc, a foot distant one
from anotfjrr: ant) tijat frag i'tfonctij following, as manp moe, (lest some
of tije former misse) in tije same eompasse; tut not in tije same Jjolcs.
ii^enee (<!3ob bulling) sijall pou ijaue roots cnoly. it tijep all, or tiiucrs of
tijem eome op, pou map brato (but not big) bp (nor put bourne) at pour
pleasure, tije neat Xouember. pijoto manp soeuer pou take aaiap, to giuc
or bestom clscluijcrc, be sure to leaue turn of tije proubest. ilno toijen in
pour scconb anti tijirb peere pou ©raffc (if pou ©raffe tijen at all) leaue
tl)r one of tijose tluo bngraftrb, lest in graffing tije otijer pou faile : jfor
$ ftnbc bp trpall, ttjat after first or scconb grafting in tije same £tockr,
being mtst (for toijo ijits all) tije tijiro misse puts pour irtockc in bcabip
banger, for Uiaitt of tssuc of sap. $?ca, tijougij pou ijit in graffing, pet
man pour graffes toiti) i&linbc or otijeruiise bee broken boUmc. If pour
gra'ffrs or graffc prosper, pou ijaue pour tiesire, in a plant bnrcmo'ucb,
umijout taint, anti tije fruit at pour olune eljotse, anti so pou map (some
little cartij being rcmoueb) pull, but not tiigge bp tije otijer iJlant or'$)lants
in tijat roomtij. if pour graffc or ^torfcc, or botij perislj, pou ijaue anotijee
in tije same plare, of better strengtij to luoiue bpon. Jfor tijriuing uutij=
out snub ije bjill ouerlap pour grafteti £torke murij. Rntt it is ijartilp
possible to misse in grafting so often, it pour (!3arbincr be toorti) ijis
name.

It sijall not be amt'ssc (as I iubge it) if pour kirnrls be of choice fruit, Sets vn-
anti tljat pou see tijem eome forlnarb proutilp in tijrtc botip, antj beare a grafted belt
faire anti broat) leafe in colour, tenbing to a greenislj pcllobj (tuijicij argues of all.
pleasant anti great fruit) to trp some of tljem bngraorb : for altljouglj it
be a long tune ere tljis come to beare fruit, ten or tttnibc peercs, or moe ;
anti at tijeir first bearing, ti)c fruit Uitll not seeme to be like ijis olune
iuntie: pet am i assurcb, bpon triall, brfore tbJtntp peers grototf), sucij
*TTice6 anil increase tije bignesse anb gootinesse of tijeir fruit, anb rome
perfcctlp to tijeir olune kinbe. 3Trees (like otijer brccbing creatures) as
tijep grolu in prcres, bignesse, anb strengtij ; so tijep menb tijeir fruit.
ii)usbanbs anb pijusbmtrs finbe tljis true bp experience, in tije rearing of
tijeir pong ^tore. itf ore tijen tljis, tijere is no tree like tijis for sounb=
nesse anb burable last, if ijis keeping anb blessing be ansbjcrable. i
grant, tije reabiest loap to come soone to fruit is graffing: because in a
manner, all pour (Braffes arc taken of fruit=bearing decs.

Kolu luijeu pou ijaue mabe cijoise of pour *ets to remoue, tije grounb Time of
being reabp,tijc best time is, immebiatlp aftertije fall of tije Heafc, in, or rcmouing.
about tije ctjangc of tije iBoone, loijcn tije sap is most ciutet: for tijen tije
sap is in turning: for it makes no stap, but in the extremity of brougljt GencraU
or colb. .Ht anp time in ujinter, map pou transplant trees, so pou put no rule.
Ice nor cnoto to tije root of pour pliant in tije setting : anb tijerefore open,
ralme, anb moist lueatijer is best. 2To remoue, tije leafe being reabp to
fall, ant} not fallen, or bubs apparantlp put fortij in a moist, toatme sear

son,

X4- Sets. An Orchard. Chap. 7.

son, for nccb, sometime mag boc well; but the safest is to Walke in tije
platnc trobbrn path.

Some ijo 1 0 opinion tijat it is nest remouing before the fall of ti)c leafe,
vV I tjcarr it commonly so prartiscb tn tije couth 6$ our best Hrhorists,
tije leafe not fallen: £ tijry gtue tije reason to be, that tije bescenbtng of
the sap Will make speeoie roots. i5ut mark tije reasons following, anb
i think you sljall finb no sounbnesse, ettljer \n tijat position or practise,
at least tn the reason.

1. £ sap, it is dangerous to remoue Wl)cn tije sap is not piet, for cuery
remoue gfues a maine rt)cckc to tije stirring sap, up staying tije course
tijereof in tije hot)),) of gout plant, as may appeare in trees rcmoucb any
time \n Summer, they commonly tiie, nay harbly sljall you saue tije life
of tije most yong ant) trnber plant of any ktnb of Woob (scarcely ijcrhs)
if you remoue tijem tn tije prtoe of sap. jFor prottb sap uniurrsally stairb,
by remouatl, euer ijinoers, often taints, anb so presently, or in urrie sijort
time ktls. £ap is Itke hloub in mans boby, tn Which is tije life, Chap. 3.
pag. 5. if tije blouti bntucrsally be rolb, life is cxclubeb ; so is sap tatnteo
by untimely remouall. 3 stay by brought, or colo, is not so oangerous
(tljo dangerous if it be eatreme) because more naturall.

2. Che sap neuer oescenos, as men suppose, but is consolibatcb ana
transubstantiated into tije substance of tije tree, ano passetij (alWatcs
aboue tije eartij) upWarb, not onely hctWi.it tije hackc ano tije Woob, but
also into & in botlj booy ano barke, tljo not so plentifully, as may appeare
by a tree kubbing, nay fructifying tWo or tijree yeers after be be ctrrum=
ciseo, at tije ucry root, like a iktuer tijat enlargetij Ijis cijannell tn a con^
timiall oescent.

3. i cannot pcrreiue What time tijey Woulb ijaue tije sap to oesceno. :Ht
/tttosummer in a biting brought tt states, but oescenos not, for tmmefct=
atly upon moisture it maks scronb sijoots, at (or before ratijer) itttchacU
ttoe, When it sijapens ijis hubs for next yeers fruit, if at tije fal of tl)e
leafe, i grant, about tijat time is ye greatest stanb (but not descent) of
sap, Which begins somWhat before tije leafe fall, but not long, ano tijere=
fore at tijat tune must necos be tije best remouing, not hn reason of tije
oescent, but stay of sap.

4. Che sap tn ijis course ijatij ijis profitable ant* apparent effects, as
tije growth of tije Cree, couering of Wounbs, putting of bubs, &e. <i&lijcrr=
upon it folloWcs, if tije sap oesceno, it must necos ijaue some effect to
shew it.

5. Hastly, houghs plasijt ano laio loWcr tijan tije root, Die for want of
sap bescenbtng, crcrpt Where it is forreo by tije maine streame of tije sap,
as in top boughs hanging like Water \n pipes, or except tije plasijt hough
lying on tije ground put roots of ijis own, yea unber boughs Which We
commonly cal Water=bougijs, ran scarcely get sap to Itue, yea in time oye,
because the sap both presse so uiolcntly upWarb, anb therefore tije fairest
sijoots anb frutt are alWates in tije top.

Obiea. If you say tijat many so remoueb tijriue, i say tijat someWijat
before tije fall of tije leafe (but not mucij) is the stanb, for tije fall anb
the stanb are not at one instant, before tije stanb is bangerous. 13ut to
retume.
Remoue &he sooner in 5i2ilinter you remoue your *ets, tije better ; the later tije

Lone. Worse : jfor it is ucry perillous tf a strong brought take your ~ets before
they ijaue mabe goob their rooting, .a iUant set at tije dfall, sljall gaine

(tn

Chap. 7. An Orchard. Sets. 15

(in a manner) a tofjolc gecrcs grototfj of tfjat tofjirfj is set in tfjc Spring
after.

£ bsc m tfjc setting to 6c sure, tfjat tfjc eartf) 6c rnoulog, (anti some; The man-
tofjat moist) ttjat it man run among tfjc small tangles toitfjout straining ner of
or bruising: ano as £ fill in rartfj to fits root, £ sfjake tfjc £ct casilg to fetting.
anti fro, to make tlje rartlj settle tlje tetter to fjis roots : ano mitfjall casilg
toitlj mg foot £ put in tlje eartf) close ; for ajjre is nogsomc, anti toill fol-
loin concauitics. irome prescribe Oats to 6c put in Inttfj tfjc eartf). £
roulo like it, if £ coultj knoto ang reason tfjerrof : anti tfjcg bsc to set
tljeir yiant luttf) tlje same sttir totoacb tfje £un ; 6ut tfjts eoneeit is like
tfjc otljer. jFoc first £ tooulti fjauc cucrg tree to stano so free from sfjaoe,
tfjat not onclg tlje root (tofjicfj tijerforr gou must keepc 6are from grassr)
6ut boog, 6ougijs, anti 6ranrfjes, ano cucrg sprag, mag fjauc tf)e benefit
of £>un. Hno tofjat ijurt, if tfjat part of tlje tree, tfjat 6efore mas sfjatmtocti,
6e nolo maoe partaker of tlje Ijcat of tlje £unne? in turning of 13ees,
£ knoto it is tjurtfull, 6eeause it cijangettj tljeir entrance, passage, anti
tofjolc toocke: 43ut not so in STcrcs.

jret as occpe as gou can, so tfjat in ang totsc gou goe not beneatfj tfjc Sct in the

CrUSt. ILOOlxC Chap.' 2. cruit-

Sfflle spake in tfjc seconti (Cfjaptcr of mogsture in gcnerall : 6ut noto Moyfter
cspcciallg fjauing put pour rcmoueti plant into ttjc eartf), potore on toater §ood-
(of a pubblc tocre gooti') bg Distilling presently, anti so euerg torcke twice
in strong tirougfjt, so long as tfjc eartij mill tirink, & refuse bg ourrfloto=
ing. dFor mogsture mollifies, anti 6otfj giucs leaue to tfjc roots to spreati,
anti makes tlje eartf) gcclo sap anti nourishment, loitfj plcntg anti facility.
Xurscs (tfjrg sag) giue most ano 6est mtlkc after toarmc orinkes. £i
gour grouno 6e sucfj tfjat it mill kcepc no mogsturc at tfjc root of gour
plant, surf) plant sfjall ncucr liue, or 6ut for a time. Cfjcre is notfjtng
more fjurtfull for gong trees tfjan piercing tirougfjt. £ fjauc knoton trees
of gooti stature after tfjcg fjauc 6cene of outers gecrs grototfj, ano tf)rtue
torll for a gooti time, pcrisfj for toant of mater, ant) berg mang 6g reason
of taints in setting.

it ts meet gour sets anti grafts 6c fenect), till tfjrg 6c as 6ig as gour Grafti
armc, for fearc of annoganccs. iftang mages mag sets receiuc oammages, muil be
after tfjcg 6c sct, tofjetfjee tfjcg 6c graftcti or bngrafteo. jFor, altfjougfj tenced-
me suppose, tfjat no nogsome 6cast or otfjer tijing must fjauc accesse
among gour trees: get bg casualtg, a 2Dog, (TTat, or sucfj like, or gour
selfe, or negligent fricnti 6earing gou compang, or a sfjrrtob 6og, mag
treat) or fall Upon a goung anO rentier plant or graft. £To auoto tfjese ano
mang sucfj cijanccs, gou must stake tfjem rounti a prcttie oistancc from
tlje set, nettljer so ncerc, nor so tfjicke, 6ut tfjat it mag fjauc tfjc benefit of
Sbunne, Maine, anti aire. $>our stakes (small or great) tooulo 6c so
suielg put, or tjriuen into tfjc cartfj, tfjat tfjcg 6reake not, if ang tfjing
ttappen to leanc bpon tljcm, else mag tfjc fall 6c more fjurtfull, tijan tlje
toant of tlje fence. ILet not gour stakes sfjeltcr ang torctjs a6out gour
sets, for toant of ^unnc is a great fjinoerance. ILet tfjem stanti so far
off, tfjat gour grafts spreatung rcrciue no fjurt, citfjer 6g ru66ing on tfjem,
or of ang otfjer tfjtng passing 6g. tf gour stock 6e long, ano fjigfj graftrti
(tofjicfj £ mucfj oiscommcnti (except in neeti) 6eeause tijere tfjc sap is toeake,
anti tljen are su6iect to strong tointi, anti tfjc Itgljtmg of 6tros) tic eastlg
toitij a soft list tljrcc or foure pricks Onocc tlje clag, ano let tljeir tops
stano a6ouc tlje grafts, to auoio tlje Itgljtmg ot tTromes, ^Jges, xc. bpon

goal"

6 Distance of trees. An Orchard.

Hurts of
too ncer
planting.

Chap. 8.

pour grafts. If pou stickc some sljarpc tftornrs at tije roots of pour stakes,
t'iKP totll make §urtfitU things krepe off tije tetter, ©tijer better fenees
for pour grafts I knoco none, Slnb ttjus muri) for Sets anb Setting.

CHAP. VIII.

Of the distance of Trees.

IKnoto not to totjat enb 'pou sijoulb prouibc goob

grounb, torll feneeb, anb plant goob sets ; anb

roijen pour trees sijoulb eotne to profit, ijaue all

pour labours lost, for toant of buc regard to tije

instance of placing of pour trees. I ijaue seene

maim trees stano so tfjicke, tijat one eoulb not

ttjriue for tije throng of ijis neighbours. If pou

boc marke it, pou sijall see tije tops of trees rubb

off, tljetr sibcs'gallcb like a galled ijorscs backc,

anb manie trees ijaue more stumps tljen bougijs,

anb most trees no toe I tijriuing, but sijort, stumpisij, & euill tijrtutng

bougijs : like a (!Tornc=ficib ouec=sccbcb, or a totonc oucr^pcoplcb, or a

pasture oucr^lafb, toijtrij tije <5arbincr must eitijer let groto, or leaue tije

tree berie frto bougijs to beare fruit. jk)cmi small tijrtft, gals, toounbs,

Diseases, anb sijort life to tije trees: ano toijile tijep lute greene, little,

ijarb, toocmc^catcn, anb euill tijriuing fruit arise, to tije biseomfort of tije

oumcrs.

2To preuent toijtrij biseommobitie, one of tbe best remebies is, tije suffix
rient anb fit bistanee of trees, therefore at tije setting of pour plants
pou must ijaue surij a respect, tijat tije bistanee of tljem be sueij, tijat
euerie tree be not annoiancc, but an ijelpe to ijts fellolues: for trees (as
all otljer tijtngs of tije same kinbe) sijoulb sijrotob, anb not ijurt one
anotijer. Rn^ assure pour selfe tijat euerte toueij of trees (as hull bnber
as aboue tije eartij) is ij'urtfull. flTtjcrforc tijts must be a generall rule \n
All touches tjjtg art ; {rrjjat no tree ux an (Drctjarb tocll orbereb, nor bougij, nor (LTpon,
brop bpon, or toueij ijis fellobjes. ILet no man tijinke tijis bnposstble, but
lookc in pc eleuentij eijapter of bresstng of trees. If tijep toueij, tije totnbe
toill cause a forcible rub. &>ong ttoigs are tenber; tf bougijs or armes
toueij anb rub, if tijep are strong, tijep make great galls. No kmb of
toueij tijerefore in trees can be goob.

Noto it is to be eonsibereb totjat bistanee amongst Sets is requisite,
anb tijat must be gatljereb from tije eompasse anb roomtij tijat eaclj tree
bp probabilitic totil take anb fill, &nb ijerem I am of a comrade opinion
to' all tijem, toijtrij prartise or teaeij tije planting of trees, tijat euer pet I
knebj, reab, or ijearb of. jfor tije common space betlocen tree anb tree is
ten foot: if ttocnttc foot, it is tijougijt berie mucij. Uut I suppose trurntp
parbs bistanee is small enougij brttout tree vV tree, or ratijer too too little,
jfor tije bistanee must neebs be as far as tloo trees are rod able to ourr=
spreab, anb fill, so tijep toueij not, bp one parb at least. Nolo I am
assureb, anb I knoto one ,apple=tree, set of a slip finger-great, m tbe
space of ttoentic peeres (toijictj I count a berie small part of a trees age,
as is sljctocb OTijapter 14.) ijatij sprcb ijts bougijs cleuen or ttorluc parbs
eompasse, tijat is, fine or six parbs on euerp stOe. ^ence I gatijer, tijat
in forty or fiftie peeres (toijirtj pet is but a smalt tune of ijts age) a tree
111 goob sotlc, tocll lining, bp goob blessing (for tijat is muci) auaileable

10

Remedy.

Generall

hurtfull.

The beft

diflance
of trees.

Chap. 8. An Orchard. Distance of trees. iy

to this purpose) will spread bouble at tije least, viz. twelue parts on a
sibc, Wijicij being atilieti to tluelue allottcb to his fellow, make twentp anti
foure parts, anti so farre distant must cuerp tree stanti from another.
;Hnti lookr JjoW farre a tree spreads his houghs abouc, so far tiotlj he put
his roots bnticr the earth, or rather further, if thrrc he no stop, nor let bp
toals, trees, rorks, barren eartij, anti such like: for an huge bulk, anti partsofa
strong armes, massic boughs, manp branches, anti infinite tWigs, require tree.
Wibc=sprrabtng roots. Che top hath the bast aire to spreati hts boughs
in, high anti low, this wap anti that wap : uut the roots are kept m tlje
erust of the eartij, tijep man not goe tiobmcbjart, nor bpbjart out of tije
eartij, Which is tijetr element, no more tijan tije jFisij out of tije Skater,
UTamclion out of tlje 3icc, nor icalamanbcc out of tije jFtrc. tETijcrcfore
tijep must neetis spreati far bnber tije eartij. :Hnti 5 tiare toell sap, if
nature Woulb giue leaue to man ftp &rt, to tiresse tije roots of trees, to
take atoap tije tatoes, anti tangles, t|)at lap anti fret anti groto super?
fluouslp anti tiisorterlp, (for eucrp tijing sublunary is rurseti for mans
sake) tije tops abouc being ansluerablp tiresseti, toe sijoulti ijaue trees of
bjontjerfull greatnesse, anti infinite tiurance. Hnti $ pcrstoatie mp selfe
tijat tijis migijt be tione sometimes in Winter, to trees stantitng in faire
plaines ant) kintilp eartij, toittj small or no tianger at all. £o tijat £ con?
elutie, tijat tluentp foure parts are tije least space tijat &rt can allot for
trees to stanti tiistant one from anotijer.

if pou aske me What bsc sijall be matie of tijat waste grounti bctwiit Wafte
tree anti tree ? $ answer : Jf pou please to plant some tree or trees in tijat ground in
motile space, pou map ; antj as pour trees grolu contiguous, great anti an orchard,
tijicke, pou map at pour pleasure take bp tijose last trees. UntJ tijis £
take to be tije cijicfe cause, bjijp tije most trees stanti so tijicke. jFor men
not knowing (or not regarding) tijis secret of nectrfull tnstancc, anti louing
fruit of trees planteti to tijetr ijantjs, tijinke much to pull bp anp, tijouglj
tijep pine one anotijer. If pou or pour fjctrcs or successors woulb take bp
some great trees (past setting) where tijep stanti too tijicke, be sure pou
tioe it about jttibsummcr, anti leaue no maine roots. £ tiestinate tijis
space of foure anti twentp parts, for trees of age anti stature, iftore
tijan tijis, pou ijaue borters to be mabe for walfces, bjitij Koses, i?er?
nes, &c.

HntJ cijieflp consiber: tijat pour ©rcftart, for tije first twentp or tijirtp
peeres, will serue pou for manp Gartens, for ^afron, llicoras, loots, anti
otijer ijerbs for profit, anb floWcrs for pleasure : so tijat no grounb neeb
be wasteb if tije ©arbmer be skilfull anb biligent. 15ut be sure pou rome
not neere witij sucij tittpc belumg tlje roots of pour trees, wijose compasse
pou map partlp bisrerne, bp ttje compasse of tije tops, if pour top be well
spreab. .Hnti bntier tije broppings anti stjaboW of pour trees, be sure no
ijerbs Will like. ILet tljts be sato for tije tnstancc of 2Tcccs.

CHAP.

1 8 Placing of Trees.

An Orchard.

Chap. 9.

CHAP. IX.

Of the Placing of Trees.

$35 plaringof STrrrs in an (Drrijaro is torll toortfi
tijr rrgaro : jFor altbougij it must 6c grantrb tbat
am) of our forrsaiti <ZTrrrs (Chap. 2.) toill lifer torll
in anp pact of pour (Drrijarti, bring gootj ano well
firrst rartij : pet are not all Cr res alikr toortbp
of a gooo place. Slnti therefore 5 toislj tijat pour
jFilbrro, lUlums, Damsons, iiulrssr, ano surf)
like, be bttrrlp rrmouro from tijr plaine soile of
pour ©rrbaro into pour fence: for tijrrc is not
surij fertilitie ano easefull grototb, as toitfjin:
ano tijrrr also tbrp arc more subiect, ano can better abfbr tijr blasts of
iEolus. 2Tbr (tfijrtirs ano iJlums bring ripr in tijr Jjot timr of Summer,
ano tbr rrst standing longrr, arr not so soon sijakm as pour brttrr fruit :
nritijrr if tijrp suffrr lossr, is pour lossr so grrat. iSrsrtrs tijat, pour
fmrrs ano tiftrbrs toill oruourr somr of pour fruit growing in or nrrre
pour brbgrs. Hnti srring tljr rontinuanrr of all tijrsr (rirrpt Kuts) is
small, tljr carr of tijrm ougijt to br tijr Irssr. %LvlH makr no tioubt, but
tljr fmrrs of a large (Prrijarti toill containr a suffirimt numbrr of surl)
kino of jFruit^trrrs in tljr toijolr rompassr. It is not matrriall, but at
pour plrasurr, in tijr sato fmrrs, pou map ritljrr intrrminglr pour srur=
rail kinos of fruit-trrrs, or srt rurrp kino bp Ijimsrlfr, toijirij ortirr tiotlj
brrp torll brromr pour brttrr anti grratrr fruit'. ILrt tljrrrforr pour Hpplrs,
iJcarrs, ano ^uinrfjrs, possrssr tijr sotlr of pour ©rrijaro, bnlrssr pou
be esperiallp affrrtro to somr of pour otljcr kinbs : and of tijrm Irt pour
grratrst Crrrs of grototb stano furtljrst from *unnr, ano pour (Quinrijrs
at tbr jcoutij sior or mb, ano pour .Hpplrs in tijr mibolr, so sijall nonr
br anp bintiranrc to ijis frllotors. STijr fc&tarbrn^trrr, ano totntrr yrarr
toill rljallmgr tljr prrljrminmrr for staturr. (Of pour applr-trrrs pou
sijall ftnbr titffrrrnrr in grototij. :E gooo pippin totll groto largr, ano a
tTostaro trrr : strao tijrm on tbr Nortij sibr of pour otbrr Epplrs, tfjus
bring plarrti, tljr Irast toill giur £unnr to tbr rrst, ano tijr grratrst Unll
sijrouo tijrtr frllotors. 2Tijr fmcrs anti out-trrrs toill guaro all.

Of grauing
or caruing.

Grafting
what.

A Grafle.

CHAP. X.

Of Grafting.

<Dra arr tor come to tijr mo,st rurious point of our farultp:
rurious in conceit, but intjceo as plaine anti easie as tijr
rrst, toijm it is platnlp sbrtonr, tobirij tor rommonlp rail
Grafting, or (aftrr SOinr) Grafting. $ rannot Etymoligize,
nor sijrto tijr ongmall of tbr toorb, rxrrpt it romr of grauing
anti rartong. ISut tijr tbing or mattrr is: 2Tbr rrforming
of tljr jFruit of onr 3Trrr toitij tijr fruit of anotljrr, bp an artificial trans=
placing or transposing of a ttoig, buo or Irafr, (rommonlp rallro a Graft)
taken from onr trrr of tijr samr, or somr otijrr kino, ano placro or put
to, or into anotljrr trrr in our time ano mannrr.

©f

An Orchard.

Of Grafting. jq

©f tfjts tfjere be ^titers kinbs, but tbrrr or fourr noto esperiallp in use : Kinds of
to but, ©rafting, innsing,paeking on, grafting in ttje seutrbion, or moctis grafting.
lating: toijrrrof tfje rfjirfe anb most bsuall, is rallrb grafting (tip tfje
genrrall name, Cat ahexocen :) for it is tfje most knoume, surest, rrabiest,
ano plainest bjap to fjaue store of goob fruit.

it is ttus toro'ugljt : ^fou must bjitij a fine, tfjin, strong, anb sfjarpe Graft how
£ato, maoe an* armeb for tfjat purpose, rut off a foot aboue tfje grounb,
or tfjerrabouts, in a plaine toitfjout a knot, or as neere as pou ran U)itfj=
out a knot (for some JJtorks bill be knottie,) pour £torkr', set or plant,
bring surrlp staieo toiif) pour foot ano legge, or otfjertotse strrigfjt ouer=
tfjloart (for tfje £toeke map be rrookeb) ano tfjm plaine fjis toounb
smoottjlp bjitfj a sfjarp knife : tijat bone, rleaue fjim rleanlp in tfje mibble
Iruti) a elcauer, anb a knorke or mall, anb bjitfj a toebge of tooob, Eron or
iionr, turn fjanbfull long at least, put into tfje mibble of tfjat rlift, toitf)
tfje same knorke, make tije toounb gape a stralo brebtfj loibe, into lutjirl)
pou must put pour ©raffrs.

Cfje ©raft is a top tloig taken from some otfjer STrre (for it is follp to A Graft
put a graffe into fjts ouine *torke) beneatij tfje bppermost (anb sometime what.
in neeo tfje seronb) knot, anb bjitfj a sfjarpe knife fftteb in tfje knot
(anb sometime out of tfje knot toljen neebe is) Untij sfjoulbers an pnrfj
boUmrloarb, anb so put into tfje stocke toitf) some tijrusting (but' not
straining) barke to barke inloarb.

?irt pour graffe fjauc tfjrre or foure epes, for reabinesse to put fortf), Eyes.
anb giue issue to the sa#. it is not amisse to rut off tfje top of pour graffe,
anb leaue it but fiue or six tnrfjrs long, beeause rommonlp pou sljall see
tfje tops of long graffes tit. <£fje reason is tfjis. flTfje sa'p in grafting
reeeiues a rebuke, anb eannot loorke so stronglp presentlp, anb pour
graffes rereiue not sap so eeabilp, as tfje naturall branrljes. £&lfjen pour
graffes are eleanlp anb rloselp put m, anb pour toebge pulb out nim'blp,
for feare of putting pour graffes out of frame, take toell tempereb mortrr,'
sounblp torougfjt toitf) rfjaffe or fjorsrbung (for tfje bung of rattell totll
grolu fjarb, anb straine pour graffes) tije ciuantttp of fl ©ooses egge, anb

tinitz

20

Gathering
Graffes.

Graffes of
old trees.

Where
taken.

Emmits.

Chap. 10. An Orchard, Of Grafting.

titutXie it iiurt, ano tijcrctoitijall rouer pour stoeke, laping tljr one ijalfe on
ttje one star, anb tije ottjer balfc on tlje otijer sibc of pour graffes (for
thrusting against pout graffes pou moue tijem,) ano let botij pour tjanbs
tbrust at once, ano' alike, vV let pour elan be tenber, to peelb casilp; ano
all, lest pou moue pout graffes. *omc bse to couec tije eltft of tfje £tockc
bnber the clap toitij a pecce of barkc or leafe, some toitij a sear=rlotfj of
ujaxe ano butter, toijicij as tijep be not much neeofull, so tijep hurt not,
bnlossc tfjat op. being busie about tijem, pou moue pour graffes from tijeir
places. Cljep' bse also mosse tpeb on aboue tije clap tottf) some brier,
ujtcker, or other banos. flTijcsc profit nothing. flTbcp all put tije graffes
in banger, toitfj pulling anb tijrusting : for I ijolb this generall rule in
grafting, anb planttng: if pour stoeke anb graffes take, anb tijriuc (for
some unit take anb -not tijriue, being tainteb bp some meanes in tije plants
ing or grafting) tijep toill (toitijout boubt) recouer tijeir toounbs safelp anb
sijortlp.

CJje best time of grafting from tfje time of remouing pour stoeke is tfje
neit Spring, for that saues a seeonb bjounb, anb a seeonb repulse of sap,
if pour stoeke be of sufficient bignessc to take a graffe from as big as
pour tljumbe, to as bigge as an atme of a man. J?ou map graffe lessc
(tofjicfj $ like) anb bigger, tofjicfj $ like not so toell. Cfje best time of tfje
peere is in tfjc last part of February, or \n March, or beginning of Aprill,
toijen the Sunnc untfj fjtss fjcat beginnes to make ttje sap stirre more
ranklp, about tfje cfjangc of iHoonc before pou see anp great apparancp
of leafe or flobjers, but onelp knots anb bubs, anb before tfjep be proub,
tljougfj it be sooner. UTfjencs, Scares, apricoeks, (Quinces anb ^lummes
bjoulb be gatfjereb anb grafteb sooner.

fllfje graffes map be gatfjereb sooner in February, or anp time toitfjin a
monetfj, or turn before pou graffe, or bpon tfje same bap (tofjicfj $ com=
menb.) $f pou get tfjem anp time before, for $ ijaue knotonc graffes
gatijereb in December, anb boe tocll, take fjeeb of brougfjts. $ fjaue mp
selfe taken a bur knot of a tree, anb tfje same tiap tofjen tjc toas laib in
ttje eartij about mib February, gatijereb grafts anb put in fjim, anb one of
those graffes bore tlje tljirb peere after, anb tije fourtij plentifullp. tScaffcs
of olb trees looulb be gatijereb sooner tijan of pong trees, for tijep sooner
breake anb bub. $f pou keepe graffes in ttje eartij, moisture tottij tije ijeat
of tije iounne toill make tijem sprout as fast, as if tijep bjere growing on
tije tree. lEnb ttjerefore seeing keeping is bangerous, tije surest toap (as
$ uibge) is to take tijem bjitijm a toeekc of tije time of pour grafting.

STijc grafts tooulb be taken not of tije proubest ttoigs, for it map be
pour ictorkc is not anstocrablc in strengtij. Hub tijerefore (sap 5) tije
grafts brougijt from jtoutij to bs in tije Nortij, altijougij tijep take anb
tijnue (tofjicfj is someloijat boubtfull, bp reason of tije Difference of tije
(Clime anb carriage) pet sijall tijep m tune fasijion tijcmselues to our colb
Koctijerne ieoplc, in grobJtij, taste, &c. Nor of tije poorest, for toant of
strengtij map make tijem bnreabp to receiue sap (anb loijo can tell but a
poorc graft is tainteb) nor on ttje outsibe of pour tree, for tijere sijoulb
pour tree sprcab but in tije mibbest : for tijere pou map be sure pour 2Tree
is no tofjtt ijuibereb in fjts grobJtij or forme. %}c toill still recouer tntoarb,
more tijan pou looulb bjtsij. Jf pour clap clift in summer toitlj brougijt,
looke bjell in ttje (Cijinkcs for iSmmtts anb 1£arctoigs, for tijep are cun^
nmg anb close tijeeues, about grafts pou sijall finbe tijem stirring in tije
morning or eucntng, anb tije ratljcr in moist tocatfjec. $ ijaue ijab manp

pong

Grafting. An Orchard. Chap. 10. 21

pong hubs of (Praffcs, euen in the flouristjing, eaten tottfj Sluts. ?ict thjs
suffice foe grafting, Inijirt) is in the faculty countcb tlje ehicfe secret, anb
because it is most bsuall, it is test knomne.

(Praffes are not to bee btslikcb for growth, till theg toithcr, pine, anb
tit. itsuallg before i¥libsummcr theg hrcake, if theg liue. *ome (tut
frln) keeping pronti ant) grecne, bull not put till tlje scconb gecce, so is tt
to te thought of *cts.

STtK first shew of putting is no sure signe of growth, it is tut the sap
the graffe brought wittj htm from his tree.

&o soone as gou see the graft put for growth, take awag the elate, for
then both neither the stocke nor tlje graffe nceb it (put a little fresh well=
tempereo elaie in the hole of the stocke) for tt)c elaic is now tenber, anb
rattjer keepes moisture than brought.

Che other waics of etjanging the naturall fruit of Crees, are more
curious than profitable, anb therefore £ minoe not to testolu much latour
or time atout them, onclg £ shall make knownc what i t)auc proucb, anb
what £ ooe thinkc.

ano first of inrising, which is the cutting of the tarke of the toale, a incifmg.
rine or branch of a tree at some tending or knee, shoulbcrwise with- turn
gashes, onelp with a stjarpe knife to the woob : ttjen take a webge, the
tignesse of gour graffe stjarpe cnocti, flat on the one sibc, agreeing with the
tree, anb rouno on tije ottjer sioe, anb with ttjat being ttjrust in, raise
pour tarke, ttjen put in gour graffe, fasijioneo like pour webge iust: and
fastlp couer gour wounb, ano fast it up, ana take Ijccb of straining. Ctjis A great
will grow tut to small purpose, for it is wcakc holb, ana lightlg it bull ftocke-
te bnacr growth. Chus map gou graft betWiit tije barke anb tije tree of
a great stocke that unll not easilp be cltfteb : i3ut $ ijaue tctcb a better
wag for great trees, viz. dfirst, cut him off straight, anb cleanse tjim witk-
pour knife, ttjen cleaue tjim into foure quarters, ecmallg with a strong
cleauer: ttjen take for eucrg (tflift two or three small (but tjarb) webges
iust of tlje bignesse of gour grafts, anb with ttjose &&lebges briuen in
with an tjammer open tlje foure clifts so wibc (but no wtber) ttjat theg map
take pour foure graffes, with ttjrusting, not with straining : anb lastlg,
couer anb clap, it closclg, anb this is a sure anb goob wag of grafting:
or thus, rlift pour stocke bg his cbges twice or thrice with pour cleauer,
anb open tjim with gouc webge in euerg clift one bg one, anb put in gouc
grafts, anb ttjen couer ttjem. Chis mag boc well.

packing on is, wljrn gou cut aslope a twig of the same bignesse with Packing
gour graft, eitijer in or b'estbes ttc knot, turn metes long, anb make gouc thus-
graft agree iumpe tout tije (Cgon, anb gastj gour graft anb gour tTgon in
tlje mtbbest of ttje vuounb, lengttjujag, a strab) breabttj beepe, anb ttjrust
tlje one into tbe ottjer, ruounb to luounb, sap to sap, barke to barke, ttjen
tge them close anb clag them. Ctjis mag boe roell. Ctje fairest graft i
tjauc m mg little ©rctjacb, bjijictj £ tjaue planteb, is ttjus packt on, anb
tlje branrlj bjijereon i put Ijim, is Ijis plentiful root.

Co be short in this point, cut gour graft m ang sort or fashion, ttoo
incljes long, anb logne him cleanlg anb close to ang ottjer sprig of ang
tree in the latter enb of tlje time of grafting, roljen sap is somebjljat rife,
anb n\ all probability tljeg Will close anb tijnue: ttjus,

-7 JT 7

The fprig. The graft. The twig. . The graft.

©r ang ottjer fashion you tljmue goob. Inoculating

2 2 Dressing.

An Orchard.

Chap. II.

inoculating is an cgc or bub, taken barkc anb all from one tree, anb
Inocula- placet) in tlje roomc of aitotijcc cgc or buo of anottjer, rut fcoti) of one rom^
ting. passe, anb there bounb. flTijts must be bone in Summer, wijen tije sap 10

proub.

ftturfj like unto ti)is is tijat, tijeg rail grafting in tije scutdjion. Cijcg
differ thus: CJjat ijerc gou must take an cgc witlj ijis leafe, or (in mine
opinion) a bull witij ijis leaues. (Note tfjat an tit is for a (ttgon, a bub
Graffing in is for flowers anb fruit,) anb place them on anotijer tree, in a plaine (for
the Scutch- so tijeg tcacij ;) tije place or barke wijecc gou must set it must be tijus rut
ion- witf) a sijarpe knife, anb tije sucij mag grow. Slnti pour buo

barkc raiseb toiti) a webge, anb if ijc take will flowrc ano bearc

tljcn tije cgc or buo put in anb so fruit tijat peere : as some grafts

bounb bp. J cannot oenie but ' anb sets also, being set for

bloomes. Jf these two ktnbcs tijriur, tijeg reforme but a sprag, anb an
bnbrrsgrowtfj. CTijus gou map plare Moses on {ETijorncs, ano (liberies on
Apples, anb sucij like, iJftattg lurite murij more of grafting, but to small
purpose. (E&lijom toe leaue to tljemsclucs, ano their followers; anb cub-
ing tljis secret toe come in tlje next UTijapter to a point of knowlrbge most
rniuisitc in an Hrborist, as well for all ottjer woobs as for an ©ccijarb.

CHAP. XI.

Of the right dressing of Trees.

,-fF all tijese tfjings aforesaib lucre inbrcb per^

formeb, as wee Ijaue sijeweb tljem in worbs, gou

sljoulb Ijaue a perfect ©rrijarb in nature anb

substance, begun to pour ban's : £lnb pet are all

tljese tljings notljing, if pu want tijat skill to

bresse anb keepe pour trees. Sucij is tlje cottbi:=

tion of all eartljlg tljings, wljcrcbg a man re=

cciuetb profit or pleasure, tljat tijeg begenerate

presently luitljout goob orbering. iMan Ijimselfe

left to ijimselfe, grobjrs from ijis Ijeaucnlg anb spu

rituall generation, anb becommctij hcastlg, gca biuellisij to ijis owne kin\i,

unlessc Ije be regenerate. No maruell ttjen, if tETrrcs make tijeir sijoots,

anb put tijeir spraics bisorbcrlg. Hub twig (if E mere wortljp to iubge)

tijere is not a miscfjiefe tljat brrcbetlj greater anb more generall ijarme to

all tlje ©rcijarb (especially if tijeg be of ang continuance) tljat euer $ sam

($. mill not except three) tijan tije want of tije skilful brcssing of trees, it

is a rommon anb bnskilfull opinion, anb saging, llet all grow, anb tijeg

will beare more fruit : anb if pou lop awag superfluous bougijs, tijeg sag,

wijat a pittie is tijis? ?l}ow man)) apples womb tljese ijaue borne? not

consibcring tbcre map arise hurt to gour ©rcijarb, as wrll (nag ratljer) bg

abunbanrc, as bg want of woob. & sounb anb tijriuing plant in a goob

sogle, will euer geclb too muclj woob, anb bisorberlg, hut neuer too little.

So tljat a skilfuil anb painfull &rborist, neeb neuer want matter to effect

a plcntifull anb well brcst ©rrbarb : for it is an casie matter to take awag

superfluous bougijs (if gour ©arbiter ijaue skill to know them) Whereof

gour plants will geclb abunbance, anb skill Will leaue sufficient well

orbercb. Sill ages botij hg rules anb experience boe consent to a pruinmg

anb lopping of trees: get ijaue not ang tijat $ know besenbeb bnto bs

(except

Neccffitie
of dreffing
trees.

Generall
Rule.

Chap, ii

An Orchard.

Dressing, 2%

dreft.

•(ciccpt m tiarfer anb gcncrall toorbs) toijat or toijiri) arc tijosr superfluous
fiougfis, tofitrfi tocc must tafte atoan, anb tijat is tije cijiefc anb most
nccbfull point to fie ft no tone in lopping. &no tore man Ml assure our
sclucs, (as in all otfjee arts, so in tijis) tijerc is a bantage ano oei=
teritn, fit) sfttll, anb an ijafiit fip practise out of experience, in tije
performance ijereof for tfic profit of manfttnb ; net boc $ not ftnoto (let
me spcafte it toitf) tije patience of our running glrfiorists) ang tl)ing
toiti)tn tije compasse of ijumane affaires so necessary anb so little
rrgaroeo, not oncln in (Drcijacbs, out also in all ottjee timber trees, toijrrc
or toijatsocucr.

5&}oto manp jForcsts anb Moobs, toijerein nou sijall t)aue for one Timber
liucln tfniutng tree, foure (nan sometimes ttoentn foure) eutll terming, wood euiii
rotten anb typing trees, euen toijile tijrn liue? Hub in steab of trees tijoiu
sanbs of fiusljes ano sijrufifics. TOfjat rottenncsse? toijat tollotonesse?
toijat beat) armes? toitijereb tops? curtalleb trunftrs? toijat loabs of
mosses? Grouping fiougtjes ? anb typing firanrijes sijall pou see cuern
toijere? Rnti tijosc tijat lifte in tijis sort are in a manner all unprofitable
bougijes, canftereb armes, croofteb, little anb sijort fioales : toijat an inn?
nite numfirr of fiusljes, sijrufis, anb sftrogs of ijajels, tljornes, anb otljer pro=
Ktafile tooob, toijirij migljt
fie firougijt fij) blessing to
fiecome great anb goobln
dees. ("Tonsiber noto tlje
cause: iJTije lesser tooob
ijatij fieene spoileb toitfi
carelesse, unsftilfull, anb
bnttmcln stotoing, anb
mucij also of tije great
tooob. Cfje greater Crces
at ti)e first rising ijaue
filleb anb oucr^loaben
tijemselucs toiti) a numfier
of toastfull fiougijs anb
sucfters, toijici) ijaue not
oncln. bratone tije sappe
from tije fioale, fiut also
ijaue mabe it ftnottie, anb
tijemselucs anb tije fioale
mossie for toant of brcss=
tng, toijereas if in tije
prime of grototi) tijeg i)ab
ficcne taften atoan close,
all fiut one top (accorbing
to tijis patterne) anb cleane
fit,) tije fiulfte, tije strengtij
of all tije 5ap sijoulb ijaue
gone to tije fiulfte, anb so
i)e tooulb ijaue recoucreb
anb coucreb ijts ftnots, anb
ijaue put fortij a faire, long
anb streigijt fiobn (as nou
see) for timficr profitafile, ijuge great of fiulfte, anb of infinite last.

If

The caufe
of" hurts in
wood.

Drefle tim-
ber Trees
how.

Imagine the root to be fpred farre wider.

24 Dressing.

An Orchard.

Chap.

ii

Profit of

trees

drefled.

The end
of trees.

Trees will
take any
tonne.

The end

of trees.

How to

drefle a
truit tree.

if all timber decs lucre surf) (will sonic say) fjolu sijoulb Inc ijaue
rrookrb Inoob for bjijcclcs, coorbs, Src.

Anfw. Drcsse all you ran, anb tijerc mill be cnougij crookcb for tfjosc
bscs.

/Bore tfjan tfjts, in most places, tfjcy groin so tfjirkc, tijat neitijer
tbrmsclucs, nor cartij, nor ant; ttjing bnbrr or nrrrc tijrm ran tijriur, nor
sunnc, nor raine, nor aire ran boc tijem, nor any tijing neere or bnbec
tljem any profit or comfort.

I see a number of ?i>ags, Infjcrc out of one root you sijall sec tijrre or
fourr, (nan more) sucij as mens bnskilfull grccbincssc, Inijo oesiring
many J)aue none gooo) pritty ©akrs or Hstjes, straight anb tall, berausc
tije root at tfje first stjoot giues £ap amaine: but tf one oncly of tijem
migijt be suffrcb to groin, ant) tijat Inrll anb cleanly pruncb, all to t)is
bcry top, luijat a Crec sijoulb tore ijaue in time? iHno Inee see by ttjosc
roots continually anb plentifully springing, notlnitijstanbing so ocaoly
Inounbcb, Intjat a commodity sijoulb arise to tfje olnner, anb tijc common^
Incaltij, tf Inoob lucre cJjcrisjjcb, anb orderly brrsscti.

CTijc Inaste bougijs closely ant) skilfully taken aluay, Inoulb giue bs
store of fences anb feujcll, anb tijc bulke of tije tree m tune Inoulb groin
of bugc lengtfj ano bigncsse. iiut ijerc (me tijinks) £ fjcare an bnsktlfull
^rbortst say, tijat trees ijaue tijeir scucrall formes, rucn b)) nature: Cfje
^Jeare, tfje ii?olly, tlje Hspe, vVc. groin long in bulke Initfj feln ant) little
amies. &\)t ©fee b)) nature broab, ant) sucij like. Hll tbis J grant : but
grant me also, tljat tfjere is a profitable cnb, anti bse of euery tree, from
Inijtcij tf it oecline (ti)o by nature) yet man by art may (nay must) correct
it. jSTouj otijer cno of <Trccs £ ncuer coulb Icame, tijan gooti timber, fruit
mucij anti gooti, ano pleasure, ilscs pijysteall Ijtnoer notijtng a gooo
forme.

Xrttfjcr let any man euer so mucf) as tijinkc, tijat it is Improbable,
mucij lesse bnposstble, to reforme any tree of Inijat ktnbe socuer. ,-jFoc
(belteue me) £ ijaue trieti itt £ can bring any tree (beginning b)) time) to
any forme. Ctjc ^Jearc ano i^olly may be matjc to spreab, anti tfje ©ke
to close.

\Sut Inijy ooe £ Inanoer out of tijc compasse of mine ©rri)artj into tije
,-Jforrcsts anti Inooos*? Xcitijer yet am £ from my purpose, tf boalcs of
timber trees stanb in necti of all tijc sap, to make ttjem great ano strrtgijt
(for strong grolntij ano oressing make strong trees) tijen it must ncetJS be
profitable for fruit (a ttjing more immebtatly serutng a mans necti) to
ijaue all tijc sap ijts root can ycclt! : for as timber souno, great ano long,
is the good of timber trees, anti tijcrcforc tijey bcarc no fruit of mortij : so
fruit, gooo, souno, pleasant, great ant) mucij, is tijc cno of fruitfull trees.
3Ti)at ©aroner tijcrcforc sijall pcrforme ijts tiuty skilfully ano faitijfully,
bjijtcij sijall so bresse ijts 2Trces, tijat tijey may beare sucij anti sucij store
of fruit, Inijictj i)f sijall n^uer tioe (£ bare bnbertakej bnlcsse ijc keepc tijis
orbrc in brcsstng t)is iTrecs.

.a fruit Cree so stantitng, tijat tijexe necti none otfjcr ntti of dressing
but fruit (not ornaments for Inalkes, nor beligbt to sucij as Inoulti please
tbetr n)t onely, anti yet tije best forme cannot but botij aoorne & beltgijt)
must be parteti from loitijin tlno foot (or tijereabouts) of tijc eartij, so ijtgij
to gtue liberty to brrssc ijts root, ano no ijigijer, for ortnking bp tije sap
tijat sijoulti fceti ijis frutt, for tije boale bull be first, anti best scruet) anb
feb, because i)e is neit tije root, anb of greatest Inaxe anb substance, anb

tijat

JLibrary

Chap. ii. An Orchard. Dressing. 25

that maftejs i)im longest of life, into tluo, tfjrrc, or foure armrs, as gout
storkc or graffes pcclo tWigs, ano cuerp armc into tluo oc more branrljcs,
ano euccp 6 cane J into ijis scuecall (fTpons, still spccatiing fig cciual
bcgcccs, so tijat Jj<s loWest spcap be ijacolp Witijout tlje ccacij of a mans
ijanb, ano ijis bigijest be not past tWo pacos Jjigijcc, cacelp (cspcciallp in
tije mibbest) tijat no one twig toucij ijis fclloW. ILct i)tm spread as far as
ijc list Witijout anp mastcc^bougij, or top equalln. Rnti Wijen anp bougij
bottj gcoW sabbec anb fall loWcc, tijan ijis fclloWes (as tijep Will Witij
Wcigtjt of fruit) rase tjim tije ntxt spring of fjist superfluous twigs, anb ije
Will rise : Wijen anp bougij or spcap sijall amount abouc tije rest, citijec
snub ijis top With, a nip betwixt pour finger anb pour tfjumb, or tottf) a
sijaepe knife, ant) take ijim eleane aWap, anti so pou map use anp (Cpon
pou Woulb reforme; anb as pour tree sijall grow in stature anb strength
so let ijim rise Witij ijis tops, but sloWlp, anb caelp, espeeiallp in tije mfo=
best, anti cciuallp, anti in becabtfj also, anti follow ijim bpWacb witij lop-
ping ijis bnbce-gcoWtij anti Watcc:=bougijs, keeping tlje same oistanre of
two paras, tut not aboue tijecc in anp wise, hctWiat tlje lowest ano ijigtjcst
tWigs.

1 GTijus sijall pou ijaue well lifting, rleane sktnb, ijcalthfull, great, ano Benefits
long=lasting trees. of good

2 Cijus sijall pour GTree grow low, ano safe from Wintis, for ijis top drcffing-
Will bt great, hcoab anti Wetgijtp.

3 Cljus growing beoab, sijall pour trees bcace mueij fruit (E tiare sap)
one as mueij as sixe of pour eommon trees, anti gooti Witijout sijaboWing,
cropping, antj fretting: for ijis bougijs, heancijes, ano tWigs sijall bt
manp, anti tijosc are tijep (not tije boalc) Wijieij tieare tije fruit.

4 {Fijus sijall pour iioale being little (not small hut loW) tip reason of
ijis sijortnesse, take little, ano peelo mueij sap to tije fruit.

5 2Tijus pour Crees bp reason of strengtij in time of setting sijall put
fortij more blossomes, ano more fruit, bring free from taints ; for strrngtij
is a great ijelpe to bring fortij mueij ant) safelp, Wijereas Weakncssc failes
in setting tijough tije season be ralme.

6 djus sijall pour tree be easie to oresse, anti Witijout banger, citfjer
to tije tree or tije b'ecssec.

7 Cijus map pou safelp anti easilp gatijer pour fruit witijout falling,
bruising or breaking of (Cpons.

Some use to bare Crees roots in Sffil inter, to stap tlje setting till ijotter
seasons, Wijieij $ oiseommeno, because

1 iTijep ijurt tije roots.

2 It staies it notijing at all.

3 Cfjough it bio, being but small, Witi) us in the TSTortij, tijep ijaue tijeir
part of our April ano Maiea frosts.

4 2i}inbcance cannot profit Wcake trees in tije setting.

5 Cijep Waste mueij labouc.

iTijts is tije best forme of a fruit-tree, Which $ ijaue ijcre onlp sijaboWcb
out for tije better capacitp of tijem tijat are leb more Witij tije cp'c, tijan tije
mino, ccauing paction foe tije befocmitp, because $ am notijing skiifull
eitljcc in painting oc cacuing.

Imagine tijat tije papec makes but one sibe of tije Ccce to appeace, tije
Wijole count) compassc Will gtuc leaue foe manp mocc acmes, bougijs,
biancijes ano (Cpons.

The

26 Dressing.

Time beft
for proi-
ning.

Dreflb

bctimc.

Faults of
cuil drclt
trees, & the
remedie.

The forme
altered.

Dreffing of
old trees.

An Orchard.

The perfedl forme of a Fruit tree.

Chap, ii

M ann tijtnkc a tree cannot tocll fie fcrougtjt to tijis formr : Experto
crede Roberto. $ ran sijrw titurrs of ttjem unucr ttorntn nccrrs of age.

STijc fittest time of tijc itloonc for pronning is as of grafting, luijrn ti)e
sap is rratin to stirrc (not proutiln stirring) anti so to rourr tijc luounT),
anli of tijc nccrc, a monctij firforc (or at least totjrn) nou graffr. Drrssc
Scares, &pricoks, $)cacijcs, (Cijcrtrs, ant Rutins sooner. Unto olti trrrs
lirforc nong plants, nou man orrsse at anp time ucttout lirafr anti Urafc.
%xCa note, ttjat toijerc nou tafee ann tijing atoan, tf)c sap tijc next summer
will be putting: oe sure therefore toijen ijc puts a fiuto in ann place toijere
nou tooulli not ijauc ijim, rut) it off untij nour finger.

a no ijrere nou must rememijer tijc common tjomelp ^roueroe: Soone
crookes the tree that good Camrell must bee. $5rginnc Pctimc toitij trees,
ant) ooc toijat nou list: out if nou let tijem groin great anto stubfcocne,
nou must tioe as tije trees list. ^Ti)en mill not ocntj tut ureake, nor ic
Uiouno toitfjout danger. 91 small uranrij mill Become a iougij, ant) a
uougtj an arme in oignesse. £Ti)cn if nou cut ijim, ijis toounti mill fester,
anti ijaroln, toitfjout gooo skill, recouec: therefore, obsta principijs. ©f
sucij luountis, ana lesser, or ann foougij cut off a ijanofull or more from
tije oocn, comes ijoUoumcssc, anto bntnncln oeatij. iHnti tijerforc toijen
nou cut, strike close, ana cleane, anti upmartis, anti leaue no uunrij.

£Tijis forme in some cases sometimes man oc altered : If pour tree, or
trees, standi nccre nour &&lalkcs, tf it please nour fancie more, let fjim
not treake, till ijis toale lie aooue nour ijcaa : so mag nmt toalkc unocr
nour trees at nour pleasure. <Dc if nou set nour fruit trees for nour sijaPrs
in gout i!3roues, tijen It respect not tije forme of tijc tree, uut tijc comeli=
nesse of ttje uialkc.

Hll tijis ijitijcrto spoken of Pressing, must fie bnocrstooP of nong
plants, to Pc fonncO : it is meet somcujJjat ue saiP for tije instruction of
tijem tijat ijaue olo trees alreaon formeP, or rattjer oeformeti : for malum
nou vitatur nisi cognitum. 3Tijc faults tijerforc of a OisorOcreO tree, £ untie

to

Chap. ii. An Orchard. Dressing. 27

to fie fi'ue: 1. Hn bnproatafilr Hale: 2. &£latcrfiougtjs: 3. ,-ffrettcrs: Faults are
4. *urfcers: ano 5. <Hnr principall top. fiue,&their

:H long fioalc asUctlj mucij sccoing, anti tije more ije ijatf) tije more ije remedies.
besirrs, anb gets (as a brunfcen man orinfcc, or a couctous man lucaltft) «■ Long
anb tt)c lesse remains for tije fruit, ije puts ijis fiougijs into tije aire, antj boalc-
makes tijem, tfie fruit, anti it sclfc more bangcrcb Urn!) Ininbs: for tijis £ No reme-
fcnoln no rcmrtip, after tljat tije tree is come to grolntij, once euill, neuer die.
gooti.

ftftiatcr^bougfis, or Imtirrgrolntij, are surij fiougijs as groin loin bnoer 2- w^er
ottjrrs anti are on tijem oucrgrolnnr, oucrsijabolnrti, broppcb on, anti pinoc b°ugi«.
for Inant of plcntn of sap, anti nn tijat meanes in time tut : jFor tlje sap
prrssctfj bplnarti ; anti it is like Inatcr in ijrr course, Inijcre it finbctij most
issue, tijitijer it flolnctij, leauing the otficc lesser sluces orn: euen as
Inraltij to Incalttj, anti mucij to more. flTijcsc so long as tijej) ficare, tljen
ficare lesse, morse, anti frlncr fruit, anti Inatcrtsf).

Cije rrmcon is easie, if tfjeg fie not grolnnc greater tfian nour arme. Remedy.
?iop tijem close & cleane ; vV couer tije mitjtile of tije Inouno, tije next Sums
mer Inijcn f)c is orn, Inttij a salue matie of talloln, tar, & a berg little pitrij,
gootj for tije couering of ang sue!) Inounti of a great tree: bnlcssc it fie Barke-piid,
fiarkr^pilo, anti tijen a scar-rlotij of fresij Gutter, ?l)jonj>, anti aaiaxe, and the
presentl),) (Inijilc tfie Inouno is greene) applncti, is a soueraigne remetij) in remedie.
summer cspccialln. *ome fiinti sucij boounos Initij a tijumfie rope of ?l}ag,
moist, anti rufi it Initij tiung.

dFretters are, luijen as fin tfjc negligence of tfie (Paronrr, two or moe 3. Fretters.
parts of tfie trre, or of tiiuers trees, as armes, fiougijs, firanrijes, or tlnigs,
groin so nccre anb close togctijer, tljat one of tijem fig rufifiing, cotij Inouno Touching.
anotijrr. Cijis fault of all otijrc sijrlucs tije Inant of sfctll, or rare (at
Irast) in tije ilrfiorist: for ijerc tije ijurt is apparant, anti tije rcmcot) Remedy.
easie, scene to fietime : galls anti luounos incurable, fiut fig taking alnaj>
tijose memfiers : for let tijem groin, ano tijrn Intll fie Inorse ano Inorse, anti
so kill tijemselucs Initij ciuill strife for roomtij, antj banger tije Inijole
tree, &uotti tijem fictnne tijercfore, as a rommon-lnealtij botij fiosome
enemies.

H pucker is a long, proutj, anti oisortirrln (Cpon, groining strcigijt bp 4. Suckers,
(for prior of sap makes prouo, long & strcigijt grolntij) out of anj? lolncr
parts of tije tree, recciuing a great part of tije sap, ano fiearing no fruit,
till it ijaue tjuannurb oner tije Inijole tree: Cijese are like tole ano great
Drones amongst iSccs ; ano proutj ano iole memfiers in a common=lncaltij.

tETijc remetin of tijis is, as of Inater^fiougijs, bnlrssc ije fie grolnne Remedy.
greater, tijrn all tije rest of tije fiougijs, ano tijen pour tfiarbnrc (at pour
bisrrrtion) man leaue ijim for fits fioale, anb take alnan all, or tije most
of tfic rest. H ije fie Itttle, slip ijtm, anb set Ijim, perhaps ijc Inill take:
nig fairest Hpple^tree Inas surij a ^lip.

(Due or tbjo prinripall top fiougijs are as euill, in a manner, as tuckers, 5. One
tijrn rise of tije same cause, ano receiue tije same remcon : net tijese are principall
more tolerafilc, fiecause tijese beare fruit, nea tije ficst: fiut puckers of toP or
long ooe not fieare. bough. and

{ knoln not fioln nour tree sfioulb fie faults, if nou rrformc all nour remed7-
bices time I g, anb orocrl),). ,3s tijese rules serue for oressutg pong trees
ano sets m tije first planting : so man. tijeij Inell scrue to ijelpe olb trees,
tljougij not eiactlg to rrrouer tijem.

^"Ije Instruments fittest for all tijese purposes, are most rommonln,

dfor

2 8 F ogling.

An Orchard.

Chap. 12.

Instru-
ments for
dreffing.

Neceffity
of foiling.

Trees great
fuckers.

Great bo-
dies.

jFoc ti)c great Crrcs an banbsome, long, ligijt ?la"dtirc of ,-jFirpoles, a

little, nimble, anb strong armeb 5ato, anb sijarpc. Jfor lesse Crccs, a

little anb sijarpc lijatrijct, a broab moutijeb OTbcscll, strong anb sijarpc,

ujttf) an ijanbbcetlc, pour strong anb sijarpc (Clccttcr, toittj a knock, anti

(toijtci) is a most ncccssarp instrument amongst little Crccs) a great

baftcb anb sfjarpc fcnifc or Mijtttlc. anti as neebful

is a £toole on tije top of a llabbcr of cigijt or moc

rounbs, luitf) tluo barftc fret, toijerron gou man safely

anti cascfullp stanb to graffr, to brcsse, anti to gatfjee

fruit, tijus formrti : Ctjc frrt map oc fast rncbgcb in: out

tije iLabbcc must ijang loose, luitij tluo banbs of iron.

anti tijus murij of dressing trees for fruit, focmallp to

profit.

CHAP. XII.

Of Foyling.

#}ere is one tijing pet ben? ncccssarp for to matte
nour (Drcijarb botij tetter, anti more lasting:
$>ea, so ncccssarp, tfjat toitbout it pour ©refjarti
rannot last, nor prosper long, roijicjj is negleetetJ
generally botij in preeepts anti in praetise, viz.
manuring toitb jFoplc: tobcrcbp it tjapnetf) tijat
toijen trees (amongst otijer cutis) tbrougb toant of
fatnrsse to feetie tijem, become mossie, anti in ttjeir
grototij are euill (or not) tijriuing, it is citijee
attributed to some wrong cause, as age, (tofjen inbeeb tijep are but pong)
or euill standing (stanti ti)ep neuer so bell) or suet) lifer, or else tije eause
is attogctfjer bnfcnotone, anti so not amentieti.

(tfan tijere be tieuiseti anp toap bp nature, or art, sooner or sountilier
to seefee out, anti tafee atoap tije bcart'anti strcngtij of cartij, tijan bp
great trees ? £uci) great bobics cannot be sustained toitijout great store
of sap. ratjat liuing botip ijauc pott greater tijan of trees? QI\)c great
icca^monstcrs (roijerrof one came a lanti at Teesmouth in $ocfccsi)irc, ijartj
bp bs, 1 8. partis in lengtij, anti neere as muct) in compasse) seeme ijibcous,
ijuge, strange, anti monstrous, because tijep be intieeti great : but espe=
ciallp, because tijep are seltiome scene : itfut a tree liking, come to bis
grototij anb age, ttoirc tijat lengti), anti of a bulfce neuer so great, besibes
Jjts otijer parts, is not atnnircti, because Jjc is so commonlp scene, anti
$ tioubt not, but tf be lucre tocll rcgarbeti from bis kirncll, bp succcebing
ages, to bis full strrngtb, tije most of tijem ujoulb bouble tbeir measure,
about frftp pecrcs agoe 1 f)catti bp crebible anb constant report, Cijat in
Brooham |)arkc in 2i4jllcst-more?lanti, neere bnto Penrith, tbere lap a
blotone (Dafcc, tuijosc Crunfce luas so bigge, tfjat turn Norsemen being tbe
one on tbe one sfbe, anb tije otijer on tije otijer sibe, tbep coulb not one
see another : to lobicij if pou abtie ijis armes, bottgijs, anti roots, anb con=
sttier of tjis bignesse, toijat tooulti be ijaue beene, if preserucb to tije ban=
tage? also £ reab in tbe #}tstorp of tije <£2ilrst=$nbtans, out of Peter
Martyr, 3Tijat sixtccnc men taking ijanbs one Uutij anotijer, lucre not able
to fatljomc one of tbose trees about. Koto Nature ijautng giuen to surij
a faculty bp large anti infinite roots, talncs anb tangles, to brain immebi=
atlp ijts sustenance from our common motijer tije ISartlj (loijicij is ItUe \n

tijts

Chap. ii. An Orchard, Dressing. 29

tins point to all otter motters tijat bcare) tjatt) also orbatnc"0 tijat tije
<ITrcc oucr^labcn toitt fruit, anti toanting sap to fccb all jESfjr fjatf) brougijt
fortt, toill toainc all si)c cannot feeb, like a tooman bringing fortij moc
ctilbrcn at once tijan sije ijatfj teats. See gou not ijoto 2Trccs cspcciallg,
bg feinti being great, standing so ttickc anb close, tijat ttjeg cannot get
plentj) of sap, pine atoag all tije grasse, tocebs, lesser struts, anb trees,
gea anti tbcmsclucs also for toant of bigor of sap? So tijat trees grotoing
large, sucking tije sonic totcrcon ttcg stanb, continually, anb amaine,
anb tije fog?on of tije eartij ttat feebs ttcm becaging (for totat is ttcre
tijat Pastes continually, tijat sijall not taue enb?) must eittjer taue sup=
pig of sucken, or else leaue djriuing anti grotoing. Some grounds totll
bcare (Jlorne totile tteg te ncto, ano no longer, because ttjtir crust is
stalloto, ano not berg goob, anb Iging ijiglj tijej? scinb ano toast, ano
become barren. Cijc orbtnarg (JTorne soiles conttnue not fertill, toitijout
following ant> fogltng, anb tije best requires supplg, euen for tfjc little
bobg of (Eornc. ?tK>to tijen can toe tijinkc tijat ang grouno (toto goob
socuer) can sustaine bodies of suet grcatnessc, anb suet great feeding,
toittout great plcntg of Sap arising from goob eartt ? &tis is one of tije
ctiefe causes, tots so mang of our (Drcfjarbs in i£nglano are so euill
ttriuing toten ttcg come to grototij, anb our fruit so bao. fften are lott
to bestoto muct grounb, anb desire mueJj fruit, ano toill ncitljer set tteir
trees in sufficient compasse, nor pet feco tijem toitij manure. GTttrefore
of necessity ©rdjarbs must be foiled.

&ije fittest time is, toijen gour Crees are grotone great, anti taue neere Time fit
ijanb spreao gour eartt, toanting neto eartt to sustaine tijem, totict if forfoyiing.
tijeg 00, ttcg toill secke abroao for better eartt, ano sijun tijat toijicij is
barren, (if tteg fino better) as cattell euill pasturing. Jfor nature ijatfj
taugtt euerg creature to desire ano secke ijis otonc goob, anti to auoto
ijurt. Cije best time of tije gcerc is at tte dFallt tijat tte dT rost mag bite
ano make it tenber, anti tte Kaine toast it into tte roots. Cte Summer
time is perillous if fie big, because tije sap stirs amaine. Eije best kinbe j^j of
of Jfoile is suet as is fat, tot, ano tenoer. £?our eartt must be but Joyie>
ligijtlfi openeb, tijat tte bung mag goe in, anti toasij atoag ; anb but stab
loto, lest fiou ijurt tije roots : & in tte spring, rlosclg ano eciuallg maoe
plaine againe for feare of Suckers. $ roulb toist, tijat after ing Crees
ijaue fullfi possessed tije soile of mine ©rdjarti, ttat euerfi scuen geercs
at least, tte soile toere bespreao toitij oung talfe a foot ttjicke at least.
Rubble toater out of tije bungljill potoreb on plcntifullg, toill not onelg
moisten but fatten espcciallg tn §mu anb 3Julg. If it be tijicke anb fat
anb applieb euerg geere, gour (Drctarb stall nceti none otijer foiling.
Your grounb mag Ige so loto at tije iviuec sibc, tijat tte floub stanbing
some baies anb ntgtts tijercon, stall saue gou all ttis labour of foiling.

CHAP. XIII,

Of Annoyances.

OTtiefe i)clvc to make euerg tting goob, is to auoib tije euils
tijeieof: ¥ou stall neuer attame to tijat goob of gout
©retard gou looke for, bnlesse gou ijaue a (Parbner, tijat
can "biscernc tije biseases of gour trees, anb otijer annoi=
anccs of gour CHdjarb, anb finb out tije causes tijereof,
anb knoto'anb applg fit remebtes for tije same, jfor be

gour

lO Annoyances.

An Orchard.

Two kinds
of euils
in an
Orchard.

Gals.

Canker.

Mofle.

Weakneflc
in fctting.

Barke-

bound.

Worme.

Remedy.

Chap. 13.

gout grounb, site, plants, anb trees as pou rnoulb vnisi), if tijep be toastcti
Untij tjurtt'ull tijings, uiijat ijaue pou gained but pour labour for ponr
traucll ? £t is Umij an (Drrijarb anb rucrp tree, as ami) mans bobp.
<Tijc best part of pijpsirke for prrsrruatton of ijcaltij, is to forrscc ano
cure btscascs.

Sill ti)t diseases of an (Drrijarfc arc of turn sorts, ritfjer tntcrnall or
ntcrnall. £ call tijosc intoarb ijurts toijirij brrcb on anb in particular
trees.

1 (Dais

2 (Canker.

3 ittosse.

4 £fltcakncs in setting.

5 liarkc bounb.

6 13arke pilb.

7 Morme.
JDrafclp mounts.

Bark-pildc

(Pals, (Canker, ittosse, tocaknesse, ttjougij tijep be biuers diseases:
net (ijotosocucr autijors tijinkc otijcrUnsc) tijep rise all out of tije same
cause.

(Sals toe ijaue fccscribcb rmtij tfjrtr cause ano rcmciip, in tije h. (Cijapter
bnber tije name of fretters.

(Canker is tije consumption of anp part of tije tree, barkc anb luoob,
mijicij also in tt)c same place is tircipijereb bnber tije title of bjatcr=bo'ugi)S.

ittosse is sensibly scene anb knoumc of all, tije cause is pointed out
in tije same (Cijap. in tije biscoursc of tTtmbcr=ujoob, ano partly also tije
remebp : 13ut for ittossc abtic tljis, tHijat at an}} time in summer (tije
Spring is bcstfujtjcn tije cause is rcmoueo, bjitij an i^aireclotl), immebii
atlp after a sijotore of raine, rub off pour i-tlossc, or tout) a peece of tuoob
(if tije itlossc abound) formeb like a great kntfe.

(LiLtcakncssc in tije setting of pour fruit sijall pou finti tljerc also in
tije same (Cijapter, anb ijis rcmctip. 2.U tijese flora from tije uiant of
roomtij in goob soile, rurong planting, (Cijap. 7. anb cuill or no blessing.

i3arke=bounb (as £ tijinkc) risetij of tije same cause, anb tije best, anb
present remebp (tije causes being taken atoap) is Umij pour sijarpe knife
in tije Spring, lcngtij=ujap to lancij ijis barkc tijrougijout, on tijree or
foure stbes of ijis boale.

iJTijc oiscase callcb tije £&iormc is tijus fiisccrnb : 2Ti)e barkc toil be
ijoalb m biuers places like gal, tt)c tooob toil btc & brp, anb pou sijall sec
rasilp tije barkc stocll. it is bcrilp to be tijougijt, tijat tijrrtn is breb
some bjormc. £ ijaue not pet tijorotolp sougijt it out, because £ toas neucr
troubleb tijrrtoitijal : but only ijaue scene sucij trees in biuers places. £
tijmke it a toormc ratijer, because £ see ti)ts bisease in trees, bringing
fruit of stocet taste, & tije stoclltng sijetocs as mucij. f i)e remebp (as £
coniecture) is so soone as pou pcrcciue tije mount), ti)c neat spring cut it
out bark anb all, & applp (Cotocs pisse \~ bmegar prescntlp, anb so
ttoisc or tijnee a tocckc for a ittonrtijs space: jFor £ well pcrceiue, if pou
suffer it anp time, it eats tije tree or bougij rounb, anb so kils.

icincc £ first wrote tijis Crcatisc, £ ijaue ctjangcb mp mint concerning
tijr bisease callcb tije toormc, because £ reab in tije ?l?istorp of tije West-
Indians, tijat tijetr trees are not troubled toitij tije disease callcb tije
toorme or canker, toijtcij arisctij of a rato anb cuill concoctcb ijumor or
sap, Untncsse Pliny, bp reason tijeir (Countrp is more ijot tijen ours,
iLiljereof £ tijinkc tije best remebp is (not bisalloloing tije former, ronsibcr=
mg tijat tije ruorme map brreb bp sucij an ijumor) marine stanbing, sounb
lopping, anb goob blessing.

13ark=pitb pou sijall fmb toitij ijis remetip in tije ". (CJjaptcr.

Deablp

Chap. 17. An Orchard. Annoyance's, ^i

DcaolP wountis arc U)i)cn a mans .arborist wanting sfttll, ruts off Wounds,
armrs, bougijs or branches an tnrlj, or (as £ sec sometimes) an bantifull,
or ijalfr a toot or more from tijc botu;. flTijcse so rut rannot rourr m anp
time linti) sap, anti therefore tijej) tiic, anti tining tijrn pens!) tijc tjrart,
anti so tijc tire becomes ijollow, anti witij surlj a ticaoln wounti cannot
l;uc long.

Cijc rcmctii) is, if jjou finti ijim before ije fie pcrisijrti, cut fjtm close, as Remedy.
in tijc u. (Cfjaptcc : if ije be ijoalti, cut ijim close, nil tjis mount), tijo neuer
so ticcpe, witij morter well tempered, anti so close at tijc top tjis wounti
witij a ^eare=rcloti) tioublco anti nailcti on, tijat no aire nor raine approarij
ijis mounti. If ije be not berj? olti, anti detaining, ije will rrcouer, anti tije
tjole icing rloseti, tjis wounti witijin sijall not tjurt ijim for main,) jjecrcs.

^urts on gout trees arc rijirfclp. Hnts, (Parcwigs, anti uTaterptllars. Hurts on
(Df .Huts anti lEarrwigs is saiti Chap. 10. Het tijerc be no swacme of trees.
pismires necre pour dee root, no not in gout (Drrtjarti, turne tijem ouer Ants, Ear-
in a frost, anti poure in water, anti pit kill tijem. wigs-

jfor (JTaterpillars, tijc bigtlant jf rutcrcr sijall soonc espj) tfjeir lotiging Caterpil-
og tijeir <L&tcb, or ti)c ocean, of leaues eaten rounti about tijem. &no lars, and
being scene, tijen arc easily Sestrojjco wttfj gour ijano, or ratijer (if gour Mich like
tree mag spare ft) take sprig anti all (for tijc reti pccklco buttcr=flnc tiotij wormes.
cucr put tijem, being ijec sparm, among tijc tcntier spraics for tetter
fectiing, cspcctallj,) in tirougljt) anti treat) tijem bnocc nour feet. $ like
nothing of smoke among mg trees. Onnaturall Ijeats are notijing gooti
for natural trees. STijis for diseases of particular trees.

lEitetnall ijurts arc ritfjer tijings naturall or artificiall. Xaturall Externa!
tijings, crternalli) ijurting (Drrijaros. euiis.

i 13casts.

i £)ccre. 2 J5iros.

1 ^ulfincij.

2 <Poatcs.

2 Cijrustj.

3 31jeepc.

3 iSlarkbiro.

4 ?i}are.

4 (Crow.

5 (Honj).

5 ^gr.

6 ^attell.

7 ?i}orsc.

&c.

other things are,

1 frSltnos.

2 UTolt).

3 Crccs.

4 racctis.

5 aCrlormcs.

6 ittowles.

7 dfiltij.

8 Vonsonfull smoke.

Externall wilful! euils are thefe:

1 stalls.

2 Crcncijcs.

3 (Dtfjcr works nonsomc tionc in or ncerc gour (Drrtjaro.

4 iSutll Keigijbours.

5 21 rarelcssc fttastcc.

6 .Hn bntiiscreet, negligent, or no deeper.

See gou not tcre an wtjole Htmg of misrijicfes banticti in troupes
against tijc most fruitfull trees tijc cartij ficarcs"? assailing pour gooti
labours. iGiooti ttjings fjauc most enemies.

a sktlfull

32

Remedy.
Deere, &c.

Birds.
Remedy.

Other
trees.

Annoyances.

An Orchard,

Chap. 13

Winds.

Frosts.

Weeds.

Remedy.

Wormes.
Moles.

Remedy.

;H sktlfull .-/Frurtcrrc must put to fjis ijclping Jjand, and otsband ant)
put tfjcm to fligljt.

,-fFor tije first ranfce of beasts, besides your out-strong fence, you must
Ijaue a fatrc and stoift <Prryt)ounti, a ~tonc=bobj, (Pun and if nccdc
require, an Hpplc lotto, an fjookc for a Deere, ant) an =tt?are=pipe for an
HJare.

l?our (Cfjcrirs ano otijrr i5rrrirs loben tbcy or ripe, bill dralo all tf)r
13lack=birds, &f>rusf)es anti ittalo=pics to pour (Drrljaro. Cije ISuUfincij
is a dcuourrr of pour dFruit in tije J3ud, £ ijaur bad coijolc trees sljald out
loitb tijem in 2123 inter- time.

Tije test remedy tjere is a ictonc^bolo, a Viccc, especially if pou tyaut
a jHusfeet or jrpar-ijaloke tn dinner to mafee ttje i3lark=biet) stoop into
a bust) or ijedgc.

3Ti)c Partner must rleanse ijis soile of all otfjcr Trees : but fruit trees
aforesaid (Cbaptcr 2. for loijici) it is ordainrd, ano £ loould rspeetally
name (Dakcs, 12lmes, iHsfjcs, ano surf) otber great wood, but tijat £ doubt
it sboulo be iakrn as an admission of lesser trees : for £ atnnit of nottjmg
to grolo m mine (Drrijard but dFruit ano jflolocrs. if ~ap ran ijaroly
be goob to frede our jFrutt=trccs, loijy sijould bjee allolo of any otijer,
esperially tijosc, tijat loill beeomc tfjeic Rasters, and lorong tljem in ttjetc
liurltijood?

:Hnd altijougij loe admit lottijout tije fence, of Malnuts in most plainc
places, Trees middle-most, and Hsijcs or ©fees, or IBlmes btmost, set in
comely rotors equally distant bjttij faire .Hlltrs tloiat rolo ant) roro to auortu
tije boisterous blasts of loinds, and lottijin tijem also otijers for 13ees :
yet toe admit none of tijis into your ©rrtjard-plat: otijer remeoy tijen tijts
ijaue toe none against ttje nipping frosts.

bleeds in a fertile soile (because tije general! rurse is so) till your
Trees grouj great, loill be noysome, and beforme your allies, loalkrs,
betis, and squares, your bndrr Gardners must labour to krepe all cleanly
ano ijantisomc from tijem, ant) all otber filtij lottij a irpade, loceding^
kntucs, rake coitij iron tcetij : a sfccapplc of iron ttjus formed,

Jfor Settles ant) ground-;iuy after a sijolorc.

tLiHijcn locctis, strain, stirpes, and all otijer scrapings are gatfjereb
togrtijer, burne item not, but bury tijem bnder your rrust in any place of
your ©rrijartj, and tijey toill dye ant) fatten your ground.

<L2.1ormcs and jtfoalcs open tije eartij, and let tn aire to tije roots of
your Trees, ano drforme your squares vV loalkes, & feeding in ttje earttj,
being in number infinite, drab) on barrennes.

<LiLiorms may easily be destroyed, any summer euening bjfjen it is
tiarke, after a s^olore roitb a (Candle, pou may fill busijels, but you must
tread nimbly. SlntJ Voijere you cannot come to catcf) tijem so ; sift tt)e
cartfj bjiti) coale astjes an incl) or turn tijicknes, ano tijat is a plague to
tijem ; so is sijarpe grauell.

ittolrs loill anger you, if your (Gardner or some skilfull iBole-catcfjer
ease you not, especially ijauing made tljeir fortresses among tije roots of
your trees : you must loatctj 1)er roell loiti) a ittole=speare, at mornr,
noone, and nigfjt, uiljen you sec 1jer btmost i)ill, rast a Trenclj betbjtat
t)cr and ijer tjome (for sije tjaty. a principall mansion to tiloell and breed

tn

Chap. 14.. An Orchard. Age of Trees. 33

in about April, tofjirfj gou mag tusrcrne bg a prtnripall $tU, tofjcrcin gou
map ratrti ijcr, if gou trrncfj it rounb anb sure, anb toatrfj tocll) or tofjcrc=
soeuec gou ran biscerne a single passage (for surf) sfje fjatfj) tfjere trencfj,
anb toatcfj, anb fjaue fjer.

SSfttlfulI anoganccs must fir preuentcb $z auoibeb bg tfje louc of tfje Wiifuii an-
/tflastrr anb Jf rutcrcr, tofjirfj tfjeg bcare to tfjeir ©rrfjarb. noyanccs.

justice ant) libcralitg toill put atoag euill neighbours or euill nctgfj= Remedy. •
bourfjoob. ant) tfjen (it (Soli blessc ant) giue succcsse to gour labours)
i see not tofjat fjurt gour ©rrfjarb ran sustatne.

CHAP. XIIII.

Of the Age of Trees.

C is to be ronstbereb : ail tfjis Creatise of trees
tenbs to tfjis ent), tfjat men map loue & plant
©rrfjarbs, tofjercunto tfjere cannot be a better
inourement tfjen tfjat tfjeg knoto (or at least be
pcrstoabeb) tfjat all tfjat benefit tfjeg sfjall reape
tfjcrebg, toijetfjer of pleasure or profit, sfjall not be
for a bap or a monetfj, or one, or mang (but mang
fjunbrctfj) geeres. Of goob tijings tfje greatest,
anb most Durable is alltoatcs tfje best, if tfjere=
fore out of reason grounbeb bpou experience, it be mabe (I tfjinke) mani-
fest, but $ am sure probable, tijat a jFruit-tree in suefj a soile anb site,
as is beseribeb, so planteb anb trimmeb $c kept, as is afore appointeb
anb bulp soileb, sfjall bure 1000. geeres, tola sfjoulb toe not take paines, The age of
anb be at ttoo or ttjree geeres efjarges (for bnber seuen geeres toill an trees.
(Drrfjarb be perferteb for tfje first planting, anb in tijat time be brougfjt
to fruit) to reape suefj a eommobitg, anb so long lasting?

ILet no man tfjinke tfjis to be strange, but peruse anb constber tfje rea^ Gathered
son. $ fjaue &pple=trces stanbtng in mg little (DrrfjarO, tofjirfj i tjaue by reason
knotone tfjese fortg geeres, tofjose age before mg time $ rannot learne, it out of ex-
is begonb memorg, tt)o It fjaue eniiuirrb of biuers ageb men of 80. geeres perience.
anb bptoarbs : tfjese trees altfjougfj rome into mg possession berg euill
orbereb, mtsfjapen, anb one of tfjem toounbeb to fjis fjeart, anb tfjat beablg
(for $ knoto tt toill be fjis beatfj) toitfj a toounb, tofjerein $ migfjt fjaue put
mg foot in tfje fjeart of fjis bulke (noto it is lesse) nottoitfjstanbing, toitfj
tfjat small regarb tfjeg fjaue fjab sinee, tfjeg so like, tfjat £ assure mg
selfe tfjeg arc not come to tfjeir grototfj bg more tfjan ttoo parts of tfjrce,
toijtcfj I btscerne not onelg bg tfjeir otou grototfj, but also bg romparing
tfjem toitfj tfje bulke of otfjer trees, ^xh $. finb tfjem sfjort^at least) bg
so mang parts in bignesse, altfjougfj $ knoto tfjose otfjer fruit trees to
fjaue been muefj fjinbreb in tfjeir stature bg euill guibtng. li^erefjenee £
gatfjer tfjus.

If mg trees be a fjunbreb geeres olb, anb get toant ttoo fjunbreb of tfjeir Parts of a
grototfj before tfjeg leaue increasing, tofjicfj make tfjrce fjunbreb, tfjen toe Trees age.
must neebs resolue, tfjat tfjis tfjrce fjunbreb geeres are but tfje tljirb part
of a Crccs life, because (as all tfjtngs liuing bestbes) so Crees must fjaue
allotocb tfjem for tfjeir enrrease one tfjtrb, anotfjer tljtrb for tfjeir stanb,
anb a tfjirb part of time also for tfjeir becag. RU tofjicfj time of a Cree
amounts to nine fjunbreb geeres, tfjrce fjunbreb for increase, tfjrce |uns
brcb for fjts stanb, toljcreof toe fjaue tfje tearme stature, anb tfjrce fjunbreb

for

oa Age of Trees. An Orchard. Chap. 14..

for f)ig! ocra),), nnb get $ tljinke (for tor must contccture bp comparing,
because no one man liuctlj to sec tije full age of «Trrrs) £ am toitijtn the
rompassc of Ijis age, supposing altoates tije forrsaio meanes of presenting
ijis life. (£onsibcr tfje age of otfjrr liuing creatures. CIjc ?i~-orsc ana
motleo C0.re torougijt to an bntimelp bcattj, pet double tije time of tijeir
increase. a Dog Itkctoise incrcasctlj tljrcc, stands tijrec at least, ano m
as manp (or ratijer moc) occapes. I5uerp liuing tijing brstotocs tije least
part of Ijis age in fjts grototlj, ano so must it neetis be tottlj Crees. 3L
Mans age. man comes not to ijis full grototlj ano strength, (fin common estimation)
liefore ttjirtp pcercs, ant some slcnoer ano cleane booies not till fortp, so
long also stanos ijis strrngtfj, ano so long also must ijee ijaue allotoeo
I))) course of nature to ticcap. iSuer supposing tijat Ije te toell kept toitij
necessaries, ano from ano toittjout straines, bruises, ant all otljer oomi~
neering diseases. £ toill not sap upon true report, tijat }JIjpsirkc Ijolos
it possible, tijat a cleane boon be kept bp tljcsc tijrec Doctors, Doctor
Dyet, Doctor Quiet, antl Doctor Merriman, map liuc necrc a Ijunbrcti
pcercs. Keitljcr toill £ ijcre brge tije long pcercs of Methushalah, ano
t'ijose men of tijat time, because pou toill sap, jttans tapes are
sfjortneo since tije flout. 15ut toijat ijati) sfjortnet ttjem? (Rot for mans
sinnes : but bp meanes, as toant of knotoletgc, euill gouemment, rpot,
gluttonp, trunkenncs, ano (to be sijort) tije encrease of tije curse, our
stnnes increasing in an iron ano toicket age.

Koto if a man, toijose boon is nothing (in a manner) but tenter rotten^
nesse, toijose course of life cannot bn anp meanes, bn counsell, restraint
of latoes, or punisijment, nor Ijope of praise, profit, or eternall glorp, be
kept toitijin anp bounos, toijo is Degenerate cleane from ijis naturall
fecting, to effeminate nicenesse, ano cloning ijis botp toitij eicesse of
meat, trinkr, sleepe, vVc. ant to toljom notijing is so pleasant ano so
mucij tesirct as tije causes of ijis otone teatij, as iolenesse, lust, &c.
map liuc to tijat age : £ see not but a tree of a solioc substance, not
tammfict bp ijeate or colt, capable of, ano subtcct to anp ktnbe of oroer=
ing or dressing, tijat a man sijall applp bnto ijim, feeoing naturallp, as
from tije beginning tisburtenct of all superflutties, casct of, ant of Ijis
otone accoro auotting tije causes tijat man annop ijim, sijoulo double ti)e
life of a man, more tijan ttoice tolt ; ant get naturall pijilosopijn, ant
tije bniuersall consent of all histories tell bs, that manp otljer liuing
creatures farre exceeo man in tije lengti) of pcercs : as tije ?l)art ano
tijr Hauen. {ETljus reportetlj tijat famous Roterodam out of Hesiodus,
ano mann otljer ?l~*istoriograptjers. Ctjc tcstimonp of Cicero in Jjts booke
De Senectute, is tocigijtp to tljis purpose : tijat toe must in posteras
states ferete arbores, toijiclj can Ijauc none otljer sencc : but tijat our frutt
trees, toljereof Ije speakes, can enoure for manp ages.

£2Ujat else are trees in comparison toitij tije eartfj, but as Ijaires to
tije botp of man*? ano it is certaine, toitijout poisoning, euill ano ois=
temperate onet, ano bsage, or otljer surij forcible cause, tije Ijaires turc
toitij tije boon. tETijat ttjcp be called excrements, it is bn reason of tijeir
superfluous grototij : (for cut tijem as often as pou list, ano tijey toill
still come to tijeir naturall lengtlj,) not in respect of tijeir substance, ano
nature, fijaircs cnture long, ano are an ornament ano bse also to tije
booy, as trees to tije eartlj.

So tijat £ resolue bpon goot reason, tijat fruit-trees toell ortereti, map
liue ano like a tijousano peers, ano beare fruit, ano tije longer, tije more,

tije

Chap. 15. An Orchard. Gathering Fruit. 35

tiie greater, ano tije better, breause i)is bigour is prouti anti stronger,
uiijrn i)ts peerrs are manp: $>ou si)all see ofO trees put tijeir buos ano
blossomrs botij sooner ano more plentifully tijan pong trees bp murfj.
jano £ sensiblp perreiue inn pong trees to inlarge tbeir fruit, as tijep groin
greater, botij for number, ano greatnesse. gong ?l)eiffrs bring not fortf)
Values so fairr, neither are ti)ep so plentifull to milke, as toijen tijep
berome olo iXtnr. Xo gooo 2£>ouslmfe Inill brreo of a pong tut an oro
biro-motber: It is so in all things naturallp, therefore in trees.

ant if fruit-trees last to tijis age, ijolo manp ages is it to be supposro, The age
strong ana ijuge timber trees loill last1? Inbose ijuge bobies reguire tije of timber
peeres of Diners Methushalahs, before tijep enD tijeir Daies, Inrjose *ap is trees.
strong & bitter, loijose -Jiark is ijarD ano tijirke, anD tijeir substanee
solto vV stiffc: all loijirij are Defenres of ijealtfj ano long life. Cfjeir
strrngti) luitbstanDs all forrible toinos, tijeir sap of tijat gualitP is not
subieet to loormrs ano tainting, tijeir barke reeeiues selDome or neucr
by rasualrp anp loouno, ano not onrlp so, but ije is free from remouals,
loijieij are tije Deatij of millions of trees, toijereas ti)e fruit tree in eom=
parison is little, ano often blolnne Dolone, ijis sap slneet, easilp, ana
soone tainteo,ijis barke tenoer, ano soone InounDeD, ano ijimsclfe bleo bp
man, as man bsetij tjimselfe, tijat is, cither bnskilfullp, or carelrslp.

it is gooD for some purposes to regaro tije age of pour fruit trees, Ageof trees
Inijieij pou map easilp knoln, till tijep eomc to aeromplisij tlnentp peeres, discerned.
bp ijis knots: reekon from ijis roots up an arme, ano so to ijis top-tloig,
vV euerp preres grolmij is DisttnguisijeD from otijer bp a knot, rrrept lop=
ping or remouing Doe ijinber.

CHAP. XV.

Of gathering and keeping Fruit.
^ ILtfjougij it be an easie matter, toijen (Pot) snail Generaii
seno it, to gatijer ano keepe fruit, pet are tijep Rulc-
eertaine tijings toortijp pour regaro. *>ou must
gather pour fruit toijen it is ripe, ano not before,
else toill it toitijer ano be tougij ano sotore. ail
fruit generallp are ripe, toijen tijep begin to
fall. ,-fFor 0Trees Doe as all other bearers Doe,
toijen tijeir pong ones are ripe, tijep toill toaine
tijem. JFlje Doue ijer pigeons, tije OTonp ijer
Kabbets, ano toomen tijeir eijilDren. *ome fruit tree sometimes getting
a taint in tije setting toitij a frost or euill totnDe, toill east ijis fruit
tintnnelp, but not before ije leaue giuing tijem sap, or tijep leaue groining.
IBxcept from tijis forrsaiD rule, t!?tjrrnes, Samsons, ano ISullies. Tije Cherries,
(Tijerrp is ripe luijcn fyc is stoelti rnijollg reD, ano stoeet: Samsons ana &c-
liulltes not before tije first frost.

Apples are knoumc to be ripe, partlP bt? tijeir eolour, groining totoaros Apples.
a pellorn, e.reept ttjr lleatijer-eoat ano some ^eares ano Greenings.

iTtmelp ~ummer fruit unll be reaDp, some at fttiosummer, most at When.
ILammas for present Ose; but generallp no keeping fruit before Michael-
tide. ?l)arO JiLltnter frutt ano JLJLtartiens longrr.

Gatijer at tije full of tije ittoone for keeptng, gatijer Drp, for feare of
rotting.
Gatijer tije stalkes rnitijall: for a little Iwouno m fruit, is oraolp; but Dryftalkes.

not

3 6 Of Profits.

An Orchard.

Chap. 1 6.

Seuerally.

Ouerladen
trees.

Inftru-

ments.

Bruifes.

Keeping.

Cydar and
Perry.

Fruit.

not tt)c stumpr, that must ficare tt)c next fruit, nor leaucs, for moisture
p unifies.

(Pathcr rucrp feint) seuerallp. in it srlff , for all totll not kccpe alike, anti
it is harti to bisccrne tfjcm, bjficn ti)rj? arc mtnglcti.

$i pour trrrs fie oucr=latirn, (as thcp bull fie, tiring orbrrcti, as is
ficforc taught nou) £ like ficttcr of pulling some off (tho thrp. fie not ripe)
neere the top errtu of the fiougfj, tfjen of propping fip much, the rest shall
fie fietter frtj. propping puts the fiough in danger, ant) frets it at least.

Instruments: a long ILatitict of light jFirre: a stoolc^latiticr as in the
ii. (Chap, a gathering apron like a poake fieforc pou, mabc of purpose,
or a tLilallct filing on a fiougfj, or a fiaskct bnth a fine fiottome, or skin
fiottome, bnth ILathcs or splinters bnber, hung in a rope to pull bp anb
tiobjnc: firuise none, euern firuisc is to fruit bcath : if nou boc,bsc them
presentlg. an hooke to pull boughs to pou is neeessarg, fircake no
boughs.

jFor keeping, Ian them in a tirp. Eoft, the longest keeping .apples first
anb furthest on tirp strain, on ijeapes ten or foureteene baprs, thick, that
thep map svoeat. Chen tirp. them bmh a soft anti eleane cloath, ant) lap
tfiem tf)ut afiroab. Eong keeping fruit bjoulb fie turned onrc in a monrtlj
softly : fiut not in nor immebtatlp. after frost, in a loft eouer toell bmlj
strata, fiut rather totth chaffc or firan : jFor frost tioth cause tender
rottenncs.

CHAP. XVI.

Of Profits.

^Nj"(Db) pause toith pour selfe, anti bieto the cnti of all gour lafiours in
•^ an © rctj art : bnsprakafile pleasure, ant) infinite commotiitp. <Thc
pleasure of an ©rrharb £ refer to the last (Chapter for the conclusion:
anfi in this (Chapter, a toorb or tluo of the profit, tohirh thorotolp. to
brclare is past mj; skill: anb £ count it as if a man shoulb attempt to
abbe light to the jrunnc bjith a (Candle, or numfier the ictars. No man
tljat hatj) fiut a meane (Drrbarti or lubgment fiut knolnes, that the com-
mobitp of an (Drrharb is great: Xritber bjoulb £ speakc of this, fieing a
tfiing so manifest to all; fiut that £ see, that through tfje carelesse lajis
nesse of men, it is a tfiing generally ncglcctcb. iSut let them knob), tljat
tficp lose hcrcfij) tfie cfitefest gooti tohich belongs to housekeeping.

(Compare the commobitg that commetij of fialfe an acre of ground, set
bjitlj fruit trees anb hearfis, so as is prrscrifirb, antj a bjbole Here (sap it
fie turn) bjitlj (Come, or tlje best eommobttP. j>ou can toish, anb tlje (DcchactJ
stjall exeeett fig biucrs degrees.

in France anti some other (Countries, anti in England, then make
great bse of (Cgbar ant) $)crrrj thus matie: Dresse eucrj) apple, the
stalke, bpper ent), anb all galls alnap: stampe tijem, ant) strainc them,
ant) bJtthm 24. houres tunne tijem bp into clcane, slneet, anb sounb bes-
sels, for feare of euill apre, bjhich thep bjill reatnlg take : anti tf gou
hang a poake full of (Cloues, itfarc, Nutmegs, (Cinamon, (Singer, anb
ptls of Ilemmons in tfje mitist of tfie bessell, it toill make it as bjijolesome
anb pleasant as toine. Zbe like bsage tioth i3errg rec»uire. Chcse brinks
are berp bjfiolesome, thep. code, purge, anb preuent fiot agues. i3ut £
leaue this skill to ^ijpsicians.

Cfie benefit of pur jf nut, Koots anb ItKarfis, thouglj it bjcre fiut to
eat anb sell, is much. <L&latcrs

M

Chap. 17. An Orchard. Ornaments. 37

Platers fctsttUrti of looses, Moobbinb, Angelica, are botf) profitable Waters.
anb toonbrous pleasant, anb comfortable.

Saffron anb ILproras mill pcclb pou mucfi (tfonserucs anb llJreserucs, Conferues.
are ornaments to pour jFeasts, bcaltf) in pour sicknesse, ano a goob
bclpc to pour frienb, anb to pour purse.

%\t tbat mill not be moucb toitb sucb bnspcakablc profits, is tocll toortfjp
to toant, toijen otijers abounb in plentp of goob tijings.

CHAP. XVII.

Ornaments.

IS tfjinks bttfjerto toe bauc but a bare ©rrfjarb for fruit, anb but balfe
goob, so long as it toants tbose romelp Ornaments, ti)at sijoulb
giue bcautp to all our labours, anb make mucf) for ti)e tjonest be=
ligfjt of tbe otoncc anb bis frienbs.

dFor it is not to be boubteb: but as (Sob fjatf) giuen man things profits Delight the
able, so ftatf) be allotocb bim ijoncst eomfort, bcligbt, anb recreation, in chiefeend
all tfje toorks of bis banbs. Nap, all bjs labours bnber tf)e Sunne toitfjs °!°r
out tbis arc troubles, anb bciation of minbe : ^or tobat is greebp gaine, chards-
toitbout bcligbt, but mopling, anb turmopling in slauerp ? $>ut comforts
able bcligbj, toitb content, is tf)e goob of euerp tijtng, anb tfte patterne of
beaucn. & morsell of brcab ujitb comfort, is better bp mucb. tljan a fat
©ae tottb. bnciuietncssc. anb tobo can benp, but tbe principall tnti of an An Or-
(Drcljarb, is tl)e ijonest bcligfjt of one toearieb toitb tbe toorks of bis latos chard de-
full calling? Cbe berp toorks of, anb in an ©rcfjarb & (Sarben, are lightfome.
better tban tbe ease anb rest of anb from otber labours. SMijen (Sob
t)ab mabe man after bis otonc Image, in a perfect state, anb tooulb tjaue
bim to represent tjimsclfe in autljoritp, trantiuilitp, anb pleasure bpon tfje
eartft, f)c placeb jjim in Paradise. OTijat toas Paradise, but a (Sarbcn An Or-
anb ©rcftarb of trees anb ijearbs, full of all pleasure? & nothing tfjere chard is
but bcligljts. Cije gobs of tfje earti), resembling tlje great (Sob of teauen Paradi*e.
in autborttp, ftlaiestp, anb abunbance of all tljings, tofjeretn is tfjeir most
beligljt. ginti tobjtfjcc bo tijep tottfjbrato tbemsclucs from t\)t troublesome Caufes of
affapres of tbeir estate, being tpreb toitf) tbe gating anb iubging of wearifome-
litigious OTontroucrstes ; ctjoakeb (as it tocce) tottt) tf)e close apres of tbeir neffe-
sumptuous builbings, tbeir stomacks clopeb mitt barietp of banquets,
tbeir cares filleb & ouerburtfjeneb toitf) tebious bisroursings ? tobitfjec?
but into tljeir ©rcbarbs? mabe anb prepareb, bresseb anb bestinateb for Orchard is
ttjat purpose, to renue anb refrcsb tfjeir sences, anb to call borne tijeir the remedy.
ouer=loearieb spirits. Nap, it is (no boubt) a comfort to tijem, to set open
tbetc (Casements into a most belicate (Sarben anb ©rcijarb, lofterebp tbep
map not onelp see tbat, bjljeretn tijep are so mucf) beligbteb, but also to
giue fresi), sbieet, anb pleasant apre to tljeir (Salleries anb (Cfjambers.

^nb lookc, ujtjat ttese men boe bp reason of tbeir greatnesse anb All delight
abilttp, prouokeb mitij beligljt, tbe same boubtlesse rooulb euerp of bs boe, in Or-
if power toere ansbjerable to our besires, loberbp loe sijem manifestlp, chards.
tljat of all otfjer beligfjts on eartl), tbep tbat are taken bp (Drctjarbs, are
most rrcellent, anb most agreeing toitb nature.

jFor mbereas euerp otber pleasure commonlp fils some one of our This de-
senses, anb tbat onelp, toitlj beltgbt, tfjis makes all our sences sujtm tn ]>ght? aI1
pleasure, anb tljat bjtti) infinite barietp, iopneb mttl) no lesse commobitp. thc icnccs-

Cbat famous ^btlosopbcr, anb matctjlesse (Drator, M. T. C. prcscribettj

nottjmg

3 8 Ornaments.

An Orchard.

Dclightcth
old age.
Caufcs of
delight in
an Or-
chard.

Flc

Borders and
fquares.

Mounts.

Whence

you may

moot a

Bucke.

Dyall.

Mufique.

Walkes.
Seats.

Order of
trees.

ShE

pe of

men and

bealts.

Mazes.

Bowie

Ally.
Buts.
Hearbs.

Conduit.

Chap. 17-

nothing more fit, to take amap the tetiiousnesse anti heaup loati of three
or fourc seorr peerrs, than the pleasure of an (Drrharti.

ffiJRhat ran pour epe desire to see, pour earrs to hrarr, pour mouth to
taste, or nour nose to smell, that is not to he hati in an (Drrharti, with
abuntianre anti barietg? (LMhat more tieltghtsome tjjait an infinite
uarirtp of slueet smelling flowers? tirefcing with suntirp eolours, the
grrenc mantle of the (Partij, the uniuersall ittothcr of us all, so bp them
bespotteti, so tipeti, that all tijc wcrlti eannot sample tijem, anti Wherriu
it is more fit to atimire the JDner, than imitate his workmanship. (Co^
louring not onrlp tlje eartlj, but tierking tlje apre, anti sweetning euerp
breath ano spirit.

Che Kose rrti, tiamaske, beluet, anti tiouble tiouble prouinee Kose, tfje
sweet muske Kose Pontic anti single, tlje double anti single white Kose.
flTJje fairc anti sweet senting £&tootibine, tiouble anti single, anti tiouble
double, purple (Cowslips, anti double (Cowslips, anti double double
(Cowslips. Vrimerose double anti single. Che iLtioIct notijing behintie
tlje best, for smelling sweetlp. anti iooo. more Will prouokr pour rontrnt.

&nti all tljese, hp tlje skill of pour (Sartiiner, so romrlp,'anti ortirrlp
plareti in pour ISortiers ano Squares, anti so intermingleti, tijat none
looking tljereon, eannot but wontier, to see, what Nature rorrrrteti bp Rxt
ran tioe.

Sfrlhcn pou beholti in timers eorncrs of pour ©rrharti Mounts of stone,
or wooti ruriouslp wrought within ano without, or of eartlj rouerrti with
Jf ruit=trres : iientish (Cherrp, Damsons, ^Jlums, &c. hhiitf) Stairrs
of preeious workmanship, ano \n some eorner (or mo) a true Spall or
(Clorkr, anti some ftntieke works, anti espeeiallp siluer^sounoing'itTu^
stciur, mixt Instruments anti uoires, graeing all tlje rest: |l}ow will pou
be rapt with tieligtjt "?

?targc Malfes, broati anti long, rlose anti open, like the Tempe groues
in Thessalie, raiseti with grauell anti santi, fjautng seats anti banks of
Camomile, all tijis tieltgljts tlje mintie, vV brings Ijealtlj to tlje botip.

&Iieto noW With tieligljt tlje works of pour oWn Ijantis, pour fruit-trees
of all sorts, loatien with slueet blossomes, anti fruit of all tasts, opera=
tions, anti eolours : pour trees stantiing in eomelp ortier whirh wap soeuer
pou looke.

i>our bortiers on euerp sitie banging anti tirooping with jFrberrirs,
Kaspberries, Karberies, (Currrns, anti tlje roots of pour trees powbreti
truth Strawberries, reti, white, anti greene: what a' pleasure is this?
Your ©artiiner ran frame pour lesser wooti to tlje shape of men armeti
in tlje fielti, reatip to giue battel: or swift running (Rrrphountis: or of
well senteti anti true running fi?ountis, to rhase ttje Deere, or hunt tije
?i)are. Chis kintjc of ljunttng sjjall not waste pour rorne, nor mueij pour
eopne.

jttajes well frameti a mans height, map perhaps make pour frienti
boantier in gathering of berrirs, till J)e rannot reeoucr tjimse'lfe ujittjout
pour hrlpe.

2To Ijaue oeeasion to exereise toitfjin pour (^rrharti, it shall be a plea=
sure to Ijaue a 13ouiling=.ailep, or rattjer (tohirh is more manlp, anti more
tjealtljfull) a paire of i3uts to stretelj pour armes.

Kosemarp anti stocet Eglantine are seemelp ornaments about a ZDoore
or i!ji!jlintioui, so is £&lootibintir.

?iooke Chap. 5. anti pou shall see the forme of a OTontiuit. H there
Uiere tluo or more, it ruere not amtsse. auti

Chap. 17. An Orchard. Ornaments. 39

Snti in mine opinion, £ coulo ijigblp commeno pour (Drrtjarti, if citijer
tijorouj it, or haro op it tijere sijoulo run a pleasant l\iucr roitij silucr Riuer.
strcames: you migijt sit in pout Jttount, ano angle a pccklco Stout,
ot slcightp 3£cle, ot some otijet Jrisij. <&% ittoats, toijetcon pou migijt Moats.
torn roitij a 15oat, ano fisij roitij Nets.

ictorc of 4i5ccs in a orp anti roarmc 15ce=ijouse, comelp matic of jFir- Bees.
boorOs, to sing, ano sit, ano feco upon pout flolurts ano sprouts, make a
pleasant nopse anb sigijt. jFor rlcanlp anti innoeent 15ees, of all otljet
tijings, loue ano become, anti tijriuc in an (Rrcijaro. If tijep tijriuc (as
tticp must neeos, if pout tSartiiner be skilfull, ano loue them, fot tijep
loue tijeit fticntis, anS ijate none out tijeit enemies) tijep roill, bestocs tije
pleasure, pcclo great profit, to pap fttm ijis roages. ¥ea, tije inerease of
troentp Stocks ot Stoolcs, roitij otijet fees, mill keepe pout (Drrfjaro. ¥ou
neeoe not oouot tijeir stings, for tijep ijurt not roijom tijep knoro, anti tljcp
knoU) tijeir keeper ano acquaintance. $f pou like not to eome amongst
tijcm, pou neeo not oouot tijcm : for out neere tijeir store, ano in tijeir
orone oefenre, tijep mill not figijt, anti in tijat ease onelp (ano roijo ean
blame tijcm*?) tijep are manlp, ano figtjt oesperatelp. Some (as tijat
honourable ILafcp at Hacknes, totjosc name ootij much graee mine €>r=
rtjaro) use to make seats for tijcm in the Stone mall of tijeit (Drcharo, ot
©attorn, toijirh is gooo, tut roooo is brtter.

& itine oucr=shaoorotng a seat, is berp eomelp, though her drapes Vine.
roitij bs ripe slorolp.

(Due cijicfc graee that aoorns an ©rrharto, I eannot let slip : a brooto Birds,
of Xightmgalrs, loljo mitl) tijeir seueral notes ano tunes, roitij a strong Nightin-
oeligijtsome Ooice, out of a roeake ooop, roill oearc pou eompanp nigijt ano §ale-
toap. She loues (ano liues in) ijots of roooos in ijer ijeart. She roill ijelpe
pou to eleansc pour trees of (JTatcrpillcrs, ano all noisome roormes ano Robin-red-
ftpes. Che gentle Kobin^reO-brest ojill ijelpe ijer, ano in &&tinter in tije breft-
eoloest stormes roill keepe a part. Neither mill tije stllp £2Hren be Wrcn-
beijinoe in Summer, roitij ijer oisttnet rohtstlc (like a srocct Meeorocr) to
chcere pour spirits.

GThe 13lack=biro ano GThrcstlc (for I take it tije Chruslj sings not, but Black-bird.
tocuourrs) sing louolp in a ittap morning, ano oeligijts tije eare mueij Thruih.
(ano pou neeo not loant tijeir eompanp, if pou ijaue ripe (Cherries ot iJer^
ties, ano rooulo as glaolp as tije test tooc pou pleasure :) 13ut E ijao tatijet
toant tijeir rompanie tijan mp fruit.

fc&lijat sijall $ sap 1 1000. of oeligijts are in an ©reijaro : an"0 sooner
sijall £ be loearp, tijen £ ean reekon tije least part of tijat pleasure, luijteij
one tijat ijatij ano loues an ©reijaro, map finoe tijerein.

tL&lbat ts tijere of all tijese feto tijat $'i)aue reekonetJ, mkieij ootij not
please tije epe, tije eare, tj)e smell, ano taste? ftno bp tijese scnees, as
Organes, i)ipes, ano Mlmooujes, tijese oeligijts are eattieti to tefresij
tije gentle, generous, ano noble minoe.

2To eoneluoe, bjbat iop map pou ijaue, tijat pou liuing to sucij an age, Your
sijall sec tije blessings of (Soo on pour labours loijile pou liue, ano leaue owne

beijinoe pou to pour ijeires or successors (for (Roo blill make ijeircs) labour.
sucij a ojorke, tijat manp ages after pour oeati), sijall recoro pout
loue to pour (Countrp*? .ano tije ratijer, mijen pou consioct
(Chap. 14.) to mijat lengtij of time pout luorkc is like to last.

FINIS.

1 ,ihrarv

H.SCBALb.J'C

C AA'D JOURNAL OF RIRAL ART AXD RURAL TASTE,

(Commenced by tiie late celebrated A. J. DOWNING.)
Conducted by J. JAY SMITH, Editor of the North American Sylva.

?

S>

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