HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM MH-G Hawaiian VOLUME XI NUMBER 1 FEBRUARY, 1972 of the Botanical °/o DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII HONOLULU , HAWAII 96822 DEPARTMENTS Principal Papers .... pages 1 and 4 Society Business .... page 9 Letters page 6 Publications page 10 Events page 8 PRINCIPAL PAPER PROTECTION OF HAWAII 'S NATURAL RESOURCES The State Plant Quarantine Program William C. Look i/ The State Department of Agriculture is charged with the responsibility of safeguarding Hawaii against the introduction of destructive plant and animal pests. It is authorized by law (Section 150-1 Hawaii Revised Statutes) to inspect all ships, mail and aircraft arriving in Hawaii from domestic areas. Historically, Hawaii is one of the pioneers in the field of plant quarantine. The Hawaiian Kingdom enacted the first law pertaining to plant introduction. On August 11, 1888,' King Kalakaua signed the act to prohibit the introduction of coffee trees and shrubs to prevent the importation of dangerous coffee diseases as the coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix. This act was adopted only seven years after the first plant quaran- tine rules were promulgated in California. Except for minor amendments, the restriction on coffee is still in effect today. On May 18, 1903, the Board of Agriculture & Forestry was established under Act 44 for the encouragement and protection of Hawaii's agriculture and forests. Section 13 and 14 of this act made provisions for the inspection, treatment and quarantine of all plant materials and soil. The main objectives of the plant quarantine program of the State Department of Agri- culture today are as follows: 1/ Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine Branch. Presented at Hawaiian Botanical Society meeting, November 1, 1971. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 2 February 1972 1. To protect Hawaii's agriculture and natural resources against the intro- duction and spread of insects, plant diseases and other pests. 2. To provide Hawaii's agricultural export industries with inspection, fumigation and certification services to facilitate the overseas movement of plant materials. To accomplish these objectives, Hawaii maintains 34 plant quarantine inspectors on the four major islands - Hawaii, Kauai, Maui and Oahu. These scientifically trained quarantine officers are on call 24 hours a day and 365 days a year. They meet and inspect every domestic ship and aircraft immediately upon arrival. At the Honolulu International Airport, there are four 8-hour shifts beginning at 8:00 A.M. , 10:00 A.M. , 4:00 P.M. and 12:00 midnight. We assist the State Department of Health in enforcing the spraying of all aircraft from the mainland for mosquitoes, flies and insects of public health importance. All plants and restricted commodities in baggage, cargo and mail are inspected and treated if necessary. Certain foreign plants are held under post entry quarantine and inspected monthly by the State inspectors. Foreign arrivals on Oahu and Hawaii are met by the Federal inspectors who also act as Collaborators of the State. The activities of the two are closely integrated. The average citizen often thinks all plants are prohibited so has a tendency not to declare them. In reality, only a few kinds of plants are absolutely prohibited. Everything else may be inspected and released immediately. The restricted ones are as follows : 1. Sugarcane, bamboo and grass plants; corn on the cob.* 2. Pineapples and bromeliads, fruits and plants. 3. Coffee, plants and seeds. 4. Cruciferous root crops such as radishes.* 5. Orchids, plants and bulbs (Requires permit only). 6. Banana plants. 7. Passion fruit, plants and seeds. 8. Pines, Pinus spp., live plants must be certified or fumigated. (Cut pine trees are unrestricted from Oct. 20 - Dec. 31). 9. Various noxious weeds, including blackberry, madeira vines, Cereus peruvianus and Harrisia martinii . 10. Coconuts, plants and nuts for propagation. 11. Mushroom spawn and microscopic organisms such as bacteria, fungi or viruses. 12. Feral and wild animals, birds, reptiles (Permit required). 13. Sand, soil or earth. * Must be fumigated. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 3 February 1972 With the great increase in workload, especially at the airports, our job is becoming increasingly difficult. At present, our staff inspects annually more than 25,000 air- craft, about \\ million air passengers and 82,000 pieces of air baggage containing restricted items. This excludes the foreign arrivals which are inspected by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. To increase the effectiveness of enforcement, the 1969 Legislature revised the law to provide a penalty for "Failure to declare". The fine was also increased from $100 to $500. The new law reads as follows: "Section 150-1(12) penalty for defacing declaration and falsification of informa- tion. Any person who defaces the declaration form or forms required under this section, gives false information, or fails to declare restricted materials in his possession or luggage, shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both." Although this law allows us to prosecute deliberate violations, the Department prefers education instead of prosecution. We solicit the support and cooperation of the public in declaring all plant materials and animals brought from the mainland to Hawaii as baggage materials. Such commodities should be brought to the State Department of Agriculture's office for inspection before leaving the airport. At Honolulu Interna- tional Airport, the State Department of Agriculture's office is located next to "Baggage Claim Area #1" or between gates 12 and 13. At Hilo, the office is in the Terminal Building. We also seek the cooperation of the inter-island travelling public to present all plant materials to the Honolulu Plant Quarantine Station, 701 Halo Street, for certification before taking them to the neighbor islands. Plants such as coconuts, etc. which require fumigation, should be brought in before 10:30 A.M. Monday to Friday. As a matter of interest the following animals were intercepted the past two years: 6 lots Os tr inia nubilal is , (European corn borer) 7 lots Eleodes beetles 9 lots 111 Helix aspersa (European brown snails) 8 Iguana lizards 11 snakes 4 Alligators 4 Snapping turtles 13 Coconut crabs 6 Hermit crabs 4 Starfishes 600 lbs. Oysters 2 Piranhas 29 Gerbils 3 Hamsters 4 Squirrels 1 Skunk 1 Leopard cub 1 Fox 1 Kinkajou 1 Bee Bee parrot 2 Lories 1 Lorikeet 1 Owl Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 4 February 1972 126 Various prohibited cage birds Numerous live insects including cucumber beetle, aphids, and mealybugs 296 lots 3,341 lbs. soil. PROPAGATING NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS^ (continued from December, 1971) John Obata The following is an abbreviated annotation of the experiences in propagating each species observed. To reduce the bulk of the report, ferns and their allies have been omitted. Most of the work with germination, early pot culture and cuttings was done at Honolulu Botanic Gardens (about sea level, in the heart of Honolulu and sandwiched between two major highways). Most of the outdoor propagation was done at Wahiawa Botanic Garden (305 meters). Some information have been 'pirated" from similar work done at the Lyon Arboretum (University of Hawaii) in the extreme Manoa Uplands of Honolulu (183 m. ) . Plants are arranged by families, and alphabetically by genera. Vernacular names are shown in parentheses. Authorship of scientific names has been omitted to conserve space. H.B.G. denotes Honolulu Botanic Gardens; W.B.G., Wahiawa Botanic Garden; and L.A. Lyon Arboretum. MONOCOT YLEDONAE PANDANACEAE Freycinetia arborea ('ie'ie) Wild collected seedling transplants and cuttings did not survive more than 120 days at HBG , many not even two weeks in greenhouse conditions. Germination rate was good on a wet Cibotium (tree fern) slab. Are well established at WBG and LA. Have not bloomed in cultivation as yet. PALMAE Pritchardia (Loulu palm) All Pritchardia have been successfully cultivated from sea level to 305 meters. Upper limit in nature seems to be near 1220 meters (4000 ft.) and seemingly this is a temperature regulated barrier. Growth rate was accelerated several times more than its natural counterpart. Leaf chlorosis was much more pronounced in lowland propagations. The New Guinea sugar cane weevil (Rabdoscelus obscurus) may infest, injure and even destroy young plants. Some have bloomed and seeded within five years following germination. The third filial generation is known in cultivation. Seeds germinated from as quickly as three weeks to as long as one year. Germination rate seemed to be correlated to maturity of seeds. The following species with their varieties (some unnamed) were grown with success: af finis , arecena , beccariana , eriostachia , gaudichaudii , hillebrandii , kaalae , kahukuensis , kamapuuana , lanaiensis , lanigera , lowreyana . macrocarpa , martii , j martioides , remota , rockiana , viscose , and weissichiana . Validity of some species is questioned. LILLACEAE Astelia vertroides (Pa'iniu) Germination was not attempted. Wild collected transplants survived over a year under greenhouse conditions at HBG. Failed to survive a year under outdoor propagation at WBG. Have done well in greenhouses of the temperate U. S. Dianella sandwicensis ('uki'uki) Germination was not attempted. Have been grown successfully in the ground and in pots in the valley uplands. A clone was estab- lished at WBG since the first planting at 1965. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 5 February 1972 Dracaena (Pleomele) aurea (Halapepe) Germination was not attempted. Plantings were by seedling transplants and cuttings. Have not done well at WBG and LA. Does not seem to do well in moist ground conditions. Seem to adapt to drier substrates. A slow grower in the drier lowlands. Smilax sandwicens is (Hoi-kuahiwi) Has failed to grow from seeds and wild collecte seedling transplants. Wild collected seedlings were short lived in greenhouse conditions . ORCHIDACEAE Anoectochilus sandwicensis Wild collected transplants have survived in wet mosses over two years. Budded transplants have been induced to bloom at HBG Could be propagated in moist, shady and well aerated outdoor situations. Only barrier is the garden snails and slugs. Liparis hawaiiensis Wild collected transplants survived at HBG for over a year under mist and in wet moss. Transplants developed new pseudobulbs while in cultivation. DICOT YLEDONAE MORACEAE Pseudomorus brunoniana (ai ai) Two plants survived for about two years at WBG. Germination and pot growth are good in this species. However, this specie; seems to prefer a more xeric habitat than that of WBG. PIPERACEAE Peperomia ( ' ala ' ala-wai-nui) Propagations were by cuttings and wild collected transplants. No germination was attempted. Most species preferred a shady, dry habitat. When grown under wet conditions in the greenhouse or outdoor situations, bacterial rot and fungal infestations were accelerated. Species even from the rain forest seemed to prefer drier, shady habitats under cultivation. One Hawaii island clone from about 2,134 meters grew luxuriantly under shady, open landscape situations for several years at HBG. URTICACEAE Neraudia melastomaef olia (oloa) Results of germination and pot culture were excellent. Three of four plants are established at WBG. Pipturus albidus (mamaki) Germination was not attempted. Wild collected seedling transplants at WBG and LA have been successful. Has been used as ornamentals in Honolulu gardens. Touchardia latifolia (Olona) Wild collected seedlings did not survive at HBG where suitable conditions were not afforded. Should adapt to the cooler, moist, well aerated valley uplands. Are observed growing naturally in these situations. Urera sandwicensis (opuhe) Two saplings planted 6 years ago still survive at WBG. Germination was not attempted. Should adapt to the upland areas where drainage is good . Urera kaalae One wild collected seedling still exists at WBG. Cuttings were made with ease under non-sterile techniques at WBG. SANTALACEAE Exocarpus drachystachys (heau) Santalum el lip tic urn (sandalwood, 'iliahi), Santalum f reycinet ianum (sandalwood, 'iliahi). Only S. ellipticum was germinated. The other two species could not be germinated. Cuttings and wild collected "transplants" did not survive the early pot stage at HBG. Seeds of ellipticum from the Volcanoes National Park have grown for about a year so far with encouraging results. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 6 February 1972 POLYGONACEAE Rumex giganteus One clone grown at WBG grew so rapidly that constant pruning was required. Was destroyed. AMARANTACEAE Achyranthes splendens Germination and pot cultures were excellent. All sixteen seedlings planted seemed to have adapted to open hilltop planting at WBG. Have flowered and fruited profusely. Charpent iera obovata (papala) Have been grown successfully from seeds, seedlings, and cuttings. Four of the five planted during 1965-66 still survive at WBG under a shady, moist habitat. Possibility for a lowland ornamental in lowland xeric conditions . Nototr ichium sandwicense (kului) Although xerophytic in nature, three seedlings have survived moist outdoor propagation at WBG since 1965. Seven of eight plants planted still survive. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Alsinidendron trinerve Has done well in pots at HBG and WBG. Flowered and fruited in ground plantings at WBG. Seemed to have been a victim of falling Eucalyptus branches. Schiedea kaalaa Have flowered and fruited in pots at HBG and LA, but failed to survive outdoor plantings at WBG. (To be continued) LETTERS Plant Introductions Sir: According to the North Shore News (Haleiwa, Oahu), a group of well-intentioned residents in the Sunset Beach area are scattering marigold seeds along the roadsides so that the "area may soon be as colorful as the famous Kona Coast". Perhaps our Society should be made aware that many amateurs are eager to improve the Islands. In certain cases guidance by botanists or horticulturists may increase the value of such energy as exerted by the "Sunset Savers" of the north shore of Oahu. Not wanting to have our roadsides marigold yellow, we took the liberty of mailing the following letter to the Editor of the News: "We don’t like to be kill-joys, but we read with some alarm in your Christmas Issue that seeds of marigold are being scattered helter-skelter along North Shore roads. Marigolds contain various acids, saponins, resins and oils. Such plants have been found dangerous to livestock. What if the beautiful, scattered marigolds spread to pastures, farms and gardens causing mischief? "Enclosed is a photograph taken a month ago along the Saddle Road on the Island of Hawaii of the wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), commonly known as stinkweed. It is spreading rapidly, particularly about Pohakuloa. Under authority granted in Chapter 27A, Revised Laws of Hawaii, 1955, our Board of Commissioners of Agricul- ture and Forestry has declared this plant a noxious weed. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 7 February 1972 "To encourage the spread of the more beautiful, yet dangerous relative of the stinkweed is playing with fire. The spreading of our kamaaina naupaka kai, beach heliotrope, native cotton, caper, false sandalwood and ilima may be more appropriate and safer than scattering a gaudy malihini from Mexico." /s/ Otto and Isa Degener January 17, 1972 Natural Areas on Guam Sir : I read with interest Dr. Mueller-Dombois 1 report on the conference titled "Planned Utilization for the Lowland Tropical Forests," held in Indonesia last summer. Under the symposium subsection Forest Conditions in the Pacific Islands he mentions that it was reported that on Guam "a few Conservation Reserves have been established that seem to be well protected." Maps show four areas, Ipiga, Anao, Cotal, and Bolanos, which were designated as Conservation Reserves some years ago. To date that has been .about the extent of the protection of these areas. The Cotal Reserve, for example, has 'many expanding erosion scars, the swordgrass-ironwood cover burns periodically, and a part is used for motor- cycle racing. Two years ago, Mr. Perez, then Associate Director, Guam Department of Agriculture, told me that he had been unable to learn exactly what official status these "conservation reserves" had or what were the intended limitations on their uses. Presently, he is Director of the Department of Land Management. In this position he has a direct responsibility for the areas in question. I am unable to say whether there have been further developments. An inquiry to him would be in order. I intend to do this. The U. S. Forest Service has been urging Territory officials to give greater attention to the fire, erosion, and vegetation protection problems since 1966. The present administration of the Government of Guam is indeed aware of the importance of good conservation practices. Mr. Perez is a graduate forester with a masters degree in wildlife biology. The Director of the Department of Agriculture, Mr. Jose Barcinas, Jr. graduated from the University of Hawaii. Last year his Department created a forestry division. Its immediate concern is fire protection and the reforestation of eroded areas. The U. S. Forest Service is providing funds for the development of a tree nursery to grow native trees as well as selected exotics. The U. S. Navy on Guam is cooperating with the U. S. Forest Service on research in the establishment of native and exotic species useful for fuelbreak plantings, erosion control, and landscape beautification. The best residual forests on Guam are on the Naval Magazine, and on Andersen Air Base, protected by the military. The conservation picture for Guam is improving, but it has a long way to go. / s / Craig D. Whitesell January 31, 1972 Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 8 February 1972 EVENTS Remember.' Plant donations at the meeting in MARCH. In Memorium The general botany class at the University spent "A Day at the Park" on November 13 at Ala Moana Park. Paul Weissich, Landscape Architectural Consultant to the City for the proposed drainage canal through the park, conducted a 2 hour walk along the proposed canal route. He explained specific problems of tree maintenance related to the 15 tree species to be destroyed by the construction project, and answered numerous questions regarding the drainage canal system and park plans. At noon, student action groups were formed to study aesthetic park values, intensity of park use, environmental factors, tree replacement value, and existing drainage canal systems. A conservative figure for dicot tree replacement, based upon a formula used at Michigan State University was found to be $120,900. Shade area to be lost by the canal construction is about 5,000 square yards. Twenty-two ethnobotanical tree labels will be posted on trees in the area. A tombstone model was constructed and inscribed with the following: In memory of A. TREE 1921-1971 DEATH BY: PROGRESS "Not blind opposition to progress But opposition to blind progress" More on Ala Moana Park The Ala Moana Park Committee of the Society is optomistic about recent developments. The Parks Dept, had agreed to compromise in certain instances on the width and place- ment of the drainage canal in order to spare some particularly valuable trees. There was progress in having the trees in the park identified. The person who started tree planting there in 1934-6 had been located and informed the Society that most of the trees had been planted as memorials to various persons and that many of the coconut trees had been planted by high schools. -- Ron Hurov. Tour of Waiakea Experiment Station, February 28 Botanical Society member, Dr. Robert Warner, will serve as tour guide to describe work on anthuriums, macadamia and citrus. The arboretum was developed by Dr. R. A. Hamilton. Overseas Tours by U. H. Horticulturists R. A. Hamilton, F. A. 0., Kuala Lampur, Nov. 1971 - Sept. 1972. R. W. Hartmann, (Vegetable production studies) S. E. Asia, Jan. 1972 - Aug. 1972. Henry Y. Nakasone - a return trip to Mexico for private consultation on pineapple culture - January, 1972. James Gilbert Honored Dr. Gilbert has been given international recognition in several trade journals by Northrup King Seed Co. for his contributions to improvement of tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables at the U. H. College of Tropical Agriculture. His teachings to people in Asia, Africa, and Latin America also were cited. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 9 February 1972 Axis Deer: We oppose introduction to the island of Hawaii Secretary Wayne Gagne reported the position of our Society against the proposal to introduce deer to the island of Hawaii at the meeting of the Animal Species Advisory Commission, February 4, 1972. Members of the Commission were also given reprints of an article in Elepaio, August 1968, by C. H. Lamoureux explaining the botanical point of view. La mour e ux Lectures Botanical Society member, C. H. Lamoureux spoke at the University of Hawaii, January 20. 1972 on "Conservation Problems in Hawaii". SOCIETY BUSINESS The following are not complete minutes - only a few highlights: January 3, 1972 a. Treasurer reported a balance of $349.02. b. Discussion of how to increase membership. c. Mr. Hurov reported about Ala Moana Park protesting tree removal. d. Discussion of problem of feral animals, particularly goats in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and introduction of axis deer to island of Hawaii. e. President reported that Trustees voted to write to Office of Environmental Quality in opposition to a proposal to plant trees on the Keaa section of Hamakua Forest Reserve because of possible destruction of native organisms. f. Speaker of the evening, Eugene Kridler, Administrator, U. S. Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, topic, "The North Hawaiian Wildlife Refuge". February 7, 1972 a. Auditor's report accepted. b. For report on Ala Moana Park see Events . c. A letter regarding a request to the State Department of Agriculture to introduce several species of exotic mammals into the State to a private ranch on west Molokai was referred by a motion to the Executive Board. d. The Society was informed that a tree nursery on the Kaneohe Marine Station would make trees available to public groups for events such as Arbor Day. e. Speaker of the evening, Richard Bradfield, Ford Institute of the East West Center, topic, "Increasing Food Production in the Tropical Belt by a Diversified System of Multiple Cropping". Mailings of the newsletter Beginning with this issue, as an economy measure, the manner of distribution of the Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 10 February 1972 NEWSLETTER has been changed. Names and addresses have been placed on a key punch card system and are printed on a gummed tape. In line with the new dues rate for families, only one issue will be mailed to the members in a family who have the same address. Please tell us of any difficulties such as failure to receive your copy, misspellings, etc . Membership and Newsletter Membership term runs from December 7 to November 30 of following year. New members are entitled to back issues of the NEWSLETTER beginning December 1 of the year in which they joined. Dues for continuation of membership begin on December 1 of each year. Are you fully paid up? PUBLICATIONS Recent Literature Carson, Hampton L. 1971 (May) The ecology of drosophila breeding sites. University of Hawaii Harold L. Lyon Arboretum Lecture No. 2, 28 pp., illus. Degener, Otto and Isa 1971 (July 5) Flora Hawaiiensis; the New Illustrated Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Includes: Pandanaceae: 36 7/5/71 Orchidaceae: 80 7/5/71-illus . Arundina bambusifolia 2 / - / 67 Polygonaceae : 110 7/5/71-illus. Rumex skottsbergii Aquifoliaceae : 200 7/5/71(2 pp.)-illus. Ilex anomala Araliaceae: 281 7/5/71-illus. Reynoldsia hillebrandii Convolvulaceae : 307 7/5/71-illus. Ipomoea pes-caprae var. emarginata Compositae: 344 7/5/71-illus. Filago gallica Doty, Maxwell S. 1971 Antecedent event influence on benthic marine algal standing crops in Hawaii. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., vol. 6: 161-166. Duncan, Don A. and Harold W. Wolfram 1970 Fenceposts butt-soaked in pentachlorophenol still sound after 22 years. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Research Note PSW-221. Follmann, G. , & Huneck, S. 1970 Mitteilungen tiber Flechteninhal tss tof f e . LXXVII . Willdenovia 6:3-12. Follmann, G. , & Huneck, S. 1970 Mitteilungen tiber Flechteninhal tsstoffe . LXXXIII. Philippia 1:28-37. Gilbert, J. C., J. T. Chinn, & J. S. Tanaka 1970 Four new tropical vege table-type soybeans with root-knot nematode resistance. H.A.E.S. Research Report 178. 7 pp. Gressitt, J. L. Subantarctic entomology and biogeography. 1970 Pacific Insects Monograph 23:295-324. Gressitt, J. L. , J. A. Rondon, and S. von Breuning 1970 Cerambycid beetles of Laos (Longicornes du Laos). 651 pages; 102 plates; maps. (Pacific Insects Monograph 24.) Bishop Museum Press. Hawaiian Botanical Society Newsletter - page 11 February 1972 Gressitt, J. L. , and R. W. Strandtmann (Editors) 1971 Advances in Antarctic and far southern entomology. (16 authors), 226 pages, illus. (Pacific Insects Monograph 25.) Bishop Museum Press. Hall, Norman, R. D. Johnson, G. M. Chippendale 1970 Forest Trees of Australia (rev., enlarged; now contains one-page descriptions of 118 eucalypts, 7 other hardwood species, and 8 of the most important softwoods.) Department of National Development, Forestry and Timber Bureau, Canberra. Hawaii, State 1971 Forest Conservation Research Plan for the Seventies. Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry. 35 pages. Hawaii, University Harold L. Lyon Arboretum 1970 (July) A checklist of palms. Published by the author. 24 pages. Hawaii, University. Harold L. Lyon Arboretum 1970 (July) The taro collection. Published by the author. 8 pages. Krauss, Beatrice H. and Richard A. Hamilton 1970 (June) Bibliography of macadamia. Part I. Author index. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawaii, Research Report 176: 1-112. Kunisaki, J. and Y. Sagawa 1970 (June) Evaluation of carnation cultivars for lei flower production. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawaii, Research Report 184. Rotar, Peter P. and Kuan-Hon Chow 1971 (Jan.) Morphological variation and interspecific hybridization among Desmodium intor turn, Desmodium sandwicense , and Desmodium uncinatum. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Hawaii, Technical Bulletin No. 82. Shigeura, Gordon T. and Wade W. McCall 1970 (Nov.) The use of wild cane, Saccharum hybrid clone Moentai , for windbreaks in Hawaii. University of Hawaii, Cooperative Extension Service, Circular 445. Smith, Albert C. 1970 (May) The Pacific as a key to flowering plant history. University of Hawaii, Harold L. Lyon Arboretum Lecture No. 1, 28 pp. , illus. Smith, Anthony Wayne 1971 (Nov.) Goats in the Parks. National Parks and Conservation Magazine. Stone, Benjamin C. 1971 (May-June America's Asiatic flora: the plants of Guam. An introduction to the typhoon- tested flora of this tropical Pacific island. American Scientist, vol. 59(3): 308-319. St. John, Harold 1971 (July 16) The status of the genus Wilkesia (Compositae) , and discovery of a second Hawaiian species. Hawaiian Plant Studies 34. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, vol. XXIV(8): 128-137. HAWAIIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY c/o Department of Botany, University of Hawaii 3190 Maiie Way, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 OFFICERS PRESIDENT Ruth Gay (Botany, U. H.) VICE-PRESIDENT Ted Green (Landscape Architect) SECRETARY Wayne Gagne (Entomology, Bishop Museum) TREASURER Ercell Woolford (Retired Teacher) EDITOR Russell K. LeBarron (Hawaii Division of Forestry) TRUSTEES (the above plus) Past President H. Ron Hurov (Pac. Bio-Med. Res. Center) Member-at-large Bea Krauss (Ethno-botany , U. H.) MEMBERSHIP. Jim Barrows THE HAWAIIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER is published in February, April, June, October, and December. It is distributed to all Society members for the purpose of informing them about botanical news and progress in Hawaii and the Pacific. News contributions and articles are welcomed. THE HAWAIIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY was founded j in 1924 to "advance the science of Botany in all its applications, encourage research 1 in Botany in all its phases," and "promote the welfare of its members and to develop the spirit of good fellowship and coopera- tion among them." Any person interested in I the plant life of the Hawaiian Islands is eligible for membership in this Society. Dues; regular, $5.00 per year; family, $7,501 college students, $2.00; students below college level, $1.00. HAWAIIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY c/o Department of Botany University of Hawaii 3190 Maiie Way Honolulu, HI 96822 GRAY HERBARIUM LIBRARY £LS«inGElYMAs!ACHUSETTS 02138 Please Post j \ y if ?