Newsletter of the Hawaiian Volume 39 Numbers 1, 2 ISSN: 1523-7338 Botanical Society April - June, 2000 Lobelia gloria-moniis In This Issue Vegetative Key to the Common Grasses of Hawai ‘i by C. W. Morden and V. Caraway 1 Vegetative Key to the Common Grasses of HawaiM C IV. Morden and V. Caraway^ Department of Botany and Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of HawaiM at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 Phytotherapeutic Properties of Nelumbo nucifera across Asia and Hawai '/ by Ingelia White 14 1 999 Treasurer’s Report 1 7 The grasses of HawaiM are one of the more poorly understood and least studied components of our rich tropical flora. This is in large part due to a complex nomenclature unique to the family and there being few native species (relative to a large number of species) now found among the is- lands. Further, many collections of grasses are made during seasons when floral characters are not available for identification. It is not uncommon that floral characters are available for only a short length of the growing season for some species (Sporobolus virginicus and Stenotaphrum secun- datum) or not at all {Pennisetum clandestinum in many pastures). All treatments pertaining to Hawaiian grasses emphasize the features of the inflorescence (paniculate or spicate) and the spikelet (glumes, lemmas, paleas, and awns). Thus, identifications for many collections will be diffi- cult at best. Repeat visits to a site are not always possible given the Ha- waiian terrain and remote study locations. The intent of this work was to produce a treatment that will be of utility to researchers, land managers and others, with minimum of equipment (e. g., only a hand lens) necessary for identification, and many of the key character distinctions illustrated. 'Present address; State Botanist, Division of Land and Natural Resources, 1151 Punchbowl, Honolulu, HI 96813 Continued on Page 3 2 Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society Published by the Hawaiian Botanical Society which was founded in 1924 to... “...advance the science of botany in all its applications, encourage re- search in botany in all its phases, promote the welfare of its members and develop the spirit of good fel- lowship and cooperation among them. ” Any person interested in the plant life of the Hawaiian Islands is eligible for membership. Information may be obtained from the Society at: c/o Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way University of Hawai‘i Honolulu, HI 96822 Membership The Society year is from December 1 through November 30 Membership Cost/year Individual $10.00 Student $5.00 Family $12.00 Life (individuals only) $180.00 Institutional Rate $20.00 Honorary and Life Members pay no further dues. Executive Committee President Shahin Ansari (UH Department of Botany) Vice-President Lyndon Wester (Ctr. for Conservation Research & Training) Treasurer Ron Fenstemacher {Ho ‘okahe Wai Ho 'olu 'ina) Secretary Elizabeth Stanpe (UH Department of Botany) Directors Mindy Wilkinson (UH Department of Botany) Jonel Smith {Ho ‘olo Maluhia) Committees Appointed by the Executive Committee Newsletter Cliff Morden, Editor UH-Botany/CCRT Mindy Wilkinson, Ed. UH Botany Don Gardner, Assist. Ed. UH Botany Rob Anderson, Layout Specialist UH Botany Conservation Steve Montgomery Independent Consultant Undergraduate Grants Leilani Durand UH-Botany Alvin Chock USDA-APHlS-IS/UH-Botany Science Fair Karen Shigematsu, Chair Lyon Arboretum Winona Char Char and Associates Native Plants Alvin Yoshinaga, Chair UH-CCRT John Obata Bishop Museum Karen Shigematsu Lyon Arboretum Roger Sorrell Volume 39 (I, 2), 2000 i n 3 Continued from page I There are many vegetative features of the grass plant that are very useful for diagnostic determinations be- tween species, and at times the only means by which species may be distinguished. Additionally, this will be an invaluable resource for verification of species deter- minations if floral characters are also available. As should be expected in a large family such as the Poaceae, the evolution of vegetative characters is more closely tied to the ecology of the species rather than phylogenetic affinity. Species of the same genus will occasionally key together, but these are exceptions rather than the rule, and a key based on vegetative char- acters will not be very phylogenetically informative. Although optimal, a treatment including all species known to occur in Hawai‘i was not possible at this time because of funding limitations and a desire to provide a usable key in a timely manner. As such, we have fo- cused efforts here on species that are commonly encoun- tered in field studies and surveys. Many of the interest- ing endemic species in our flora were not included be- cause of their rarity or occurrence in remote locations. However, this treatment was set up with the intention that future revisions would be made and published; a web version of the key with illustrations will be avail- able in the coming year. As such, users are encouraged to make suggestions concerning additional species that should be added to future revisions. Hawaiian Grasses By the most recent count, there are 147 species among 67 genera of grasses in Hawai‘i, of which only 39 spe- cies are endemic and eight are indigenous (O’Connor 1990). Rotar (1968) reports the actual number to be over 500 species, but many of these are the consequence of local introductions for cattle forage or other agricul- tural uses and were not self-sustaining or persisting in the flora. However, the actual number of species now present in the islands is likely to be somewhere between these two estimates. There have been several treatments of the Hawaiian grasses during the early part of this century focusing pri- marily upon the rangeland grasses (McClelland 1915; Hitchcock 1922, Ripperton et al, 1933; Whitney et al. 1939), and providing either keys, descriptions, line drawings, and/or distribution data. Consequently many of the native species were excluded from these treat- ments, and the focus was largely upon common plants or those species of economic importance. Rotar (1968) provides the most comprehensive list of species reported from the islands, and provides keys to and descriptions of the genera. However, there are no keys, descriptions, or distribution data for the species, and is thus of little value beyond a detailed checklist. Further, many of the species listed have not persisted in the flora. The treatments by O’Connor (1990) and Davidse ( 1 990) for the Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i (Wagner et al. 1990) are the most complete treatment of the Hawaiian taxa available, providing keys, descriptions and distribution data for most of the species known. However, complaints have been raised by many researchers, land managers, and ecologists that these keys are difficult to use. As a consequence, many collections are incompletely identified (i.e., to genus only) or are misidentified. It was fortuitous that in 1995 Dr. Derek Clayton, Curator of Agristology at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (England) was resident at the B. P. Bishop Museum and made determinations for nu- merous unidentified collections. Drawing upon his vast knowledge of world grasses. Dr. Clayton also made sev- eral nomenclature changes by associating the proper name with the species representatives that have been in- troduced to our flora (see Herbst & Clayton 1997). Al- though these are few, their usage here may be confusing to some familiar with the old names. As such, a check- list with cross-listed names in Wagner et al. (1990) is included. Grasses and “Grass-Likes” Vegetatively, grasses may be difficult to distinguish from sedges and rushes, the vegetation of these others often being described as “grass-like.” Because of these similarities, it is best if flowering material is present to aid in this distinction. However, as stated previously this is not always possible. There are a few characteris- tics that help distinguish these groups, and these may be helpful. Grasses (Poaceae) can be annual or perennial and are found in a diversity of habitats from dry to moist regions. The plants may have rhizomes, stolons or grow in tufts and commonly have hollow culms although solid culms are characteristic of some groups. Culms are branched or unbranched, and are round or elliptic in cross-section. The leaf sheath is open and a ligule is usually present at the junction of the sheath and blade. Sedges (Cyperaceae) are grass-like perennials and are commonly found in damp, wet or marshy areas. The plants have creeping rhizomes with solid culms (stems) which are often, though not always, three-angled in cross-section. The culms are usually unbranched. The plant may be leafless, or if leaves are present they are usually in a tuft around the base of the culm. The leaf has a grass-like blade, there is no ligule at the junction of sheath and blade, and the sheath is usually closed around the culm. Rushes (Juncaceae) are less common 4 Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society than sedges or grasses. They are found in wet areas large pith. The leaf blade is flat to rounded with an open (though some Hawaiian representatives are in dry habi- leaf sheath, tats), have a rounded, wiry-looking culm with a solid. Vegetative Key Key A 1 Leaf blade with obvious midvein 2 1 Leaf blade without obvious mid vein (2 prominent lateral veins in Arislida adscencionis) 26 2(1) Leaf blade scabrous or glabrous, pubescence on upper or lower blade completely absent 3 2 Leaf blade pubescence on upper or lower surface, (at least some may have widely scattered hairs or hairs restricted to near the collar in some species) Key B 3 (2) Membranous ligule absent (less than 0.5mm) or ligule a row of hairs 4 3 Membranous ligule present (greater than 0.5mm) 37 4 (3) Rhizomes or stolons absent 5 4 Rhizomes or stolons present (not including decumbent culm rooting at lowermost nodes) 13 5 (4) Blade length greater than 30 cm; plants stout Penniselum purpureum 5 Blade length less than 30 cm (mostly so in Echinochloa crus-galli) 6 6 (5) Hairs at collar present 7 6 Hairs at collar absent 12 7(6) Culms generally unbranched Isachne disiichophylla 1 Culms branched, plants tufted (at least at base) 8 8 (7) Plants typically small, less than 20 cm tall (including inflorescence); weedy habitats Eragrostis amabilis 8 Plants greater than 20 cm tall (including inflorescence); pastures and disturbed habitats 9 9(8) Leaf sheath margins hyaline Rytidospcrma pilosum 9 Leaf sheath margins not hyaline 10 10 (9) Culm nodes pubescent Melmis repens 10 Culm nodes glabrous II 11(10) Leaf blades 1-3 mm wide Eragroslis peclinacea I 1 Leaf blades 3-6 mm wide Eragroslis cilianensis 12 (6) Leaf blade margins white, tan, or brown and lightly scabrous; leaf blades usually greater than 5 mm broad 18 12 Leaf blade margins green to edge, not scabrous; leaf blade 2-5 mm broad Sacciolepis indica 13 (4) Plants mat-fonning, low growing .. 13 Plants tufted, upright, not mat-forming 14(13) Leaf sheaths along stolon closely overlapping; leaf blades erect, not spreading Chrysopogon aciculatus 14 Leaf sheaths along stolon or rhizome loosely overlapping; leaf blades spreading or distichous 15 15(14) Leaf tips subacute or rounded; leaf sheath strongly flattened or keeled 16 15 l.eaf tips attenuate; leaf sheath rounded or folded 17 Volume 39 (1, 2), 2000 5 16(15) Common in wet pastures, disturbed wet forests and bogs Axonopus fissifolius 16 Common lawn grass, naturalized on beaches, dunes, and along roadsides Stenotaphrum secundatum 17(15) Leaf collar with silky hairs Cynodon dactylon 17 Leaf collar glabrous, silky hairs absent Chloris divaricata var. cynodontioides 18(13) Culm nodes pubescent Mel inis repens 18 Culm nodes glabrous 19 19(18) Leaf collar with no hairs 20 19 Leaf collar with hairs present 22 20 (12,19) Leaf blade length less than 7 cm; blade width less than 2 mm 20 Leaf blade length greater than 7 cm; blade width greater than 2 mm Chloris divaricata var. divaricata 21 2 1 (20) Leaf blade length 7- 1 5 cm Echinochloa colona 21 Leaf blade length usually over 20 cm Echinochloa crus-galli 22 ( 19) Sheath compressed or keeled at base of plant Chloris gayana 22 Sheath not compressed or keeled at base of plant 23 23 (22) Plants has wiry stolens or upright stems, not tufted Paspalum conjugatum 23 Plants tufted 24 24 (23) Plants with prominent hard, scaly rhizomes Eragrostis dtropioides 24 Plants with weak, non-scaly rhizomes 25 25 (24) Plants common on moist or wet slopes in ravines and mesic forests, usually in part shade, 1 70-2040 m Eragrostis grandis 25 Plants common on sand dunes, grasslands, open sites in dry forest and exposed slopes and ridges or cliffs, 0-1 130 m Eragrostis variabilis 26 ( I ) Leaf blade less than 5 cm long 27 26 Leaf blade greater than 5 cm long 28 27 (26) Leaf blade greater than I mm wide; strongly rhizomatous perennial; commonly found in sand dunes and coastal areas Sporoholus virginicus 21 Leaf blade less than I mm wide, finely bladed; occasionally escaped from cultivation Zoysia matrella war. pacifica 28 (26) Plants weakly rooted; annuals 29 28 Plants strongly rooted; rhizomatous or cespitose perennials 3 1 29 (28) Ligule ciliate Aristida adsensionis 29 Ligule membranous 30 30 (29) Hyaline margin of sheath 0.5-1 mm wide Vulpia myuros 30 Hyaline margin of sheath less than 0.5 mm wide Vulpia bromoides 3 1 (28) Leaf sheath or blade completely glabrous at collar; sheath hyaline 32 3 1 Leaf sheath or blade pubescent near collar, at least minutely; sheath not hyaline 33 32(31) Ligules minute, 0.5 mm Festuca rubra 32 Ligules large, greater that 5.0 mm Deschampsia nubigena 33 (31) Ligule greater than 1 mm; leaf blade involute, convolute or folded 34 33 Ligule less than 0.5 mm; leaf blade flat (folded or involute when dry) 35 6 Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society 34 (33) Ligule a row of silky hairs; leaf blade margins scabrous Pennisetum setaceum 34 Ligule membranous; leaf blade margins smooth Stipa cernua 35 (33) Leaf blade 3-5 mm wide, usually greater than 20 cm long Sporobolus africanus 35 Leaf blades less than 3 mm wide, usually less than 10 cm long 36 36 (35) Leaf blade and sheath margin with silky pilose hairs near collar Eragrostis monticola 36 Leaf sheath margin with sparsely pilose hairs near collar, hairs not extending along blade margin Sporobolus diander or S. indicus (very difficult to distinguish the Sporobolus species vegetatively) 37 (3) Plants with upright culms greater than 2 m in height; culm intemode greater than 4 mm in diameter 36 37 Plants with upright culms less than 2 m in height; culm intemode less than 4 mm in diameter Key C 38 (37) Leaf blades constricted near base to a short "petiole"; culms "woody" 39 38 Leaf blades not constricted to a "petiole"; culms herbaceous 40 39 (38) Leaf blades less than 15 cm in length Phyllostachys nigra 39 Leaf blades generally greater than 20 cm in length Schizostachyum glaucifolium 40 (38) Culm internodes hollow Arundo donax 40 Culm internodes solid 41 41 (40) Leaf blade usually 3 cm wide, or wider; leaf blade is less than 50 cm long Coix lachryma-jobi 41 Leaf blade usually less than 2 cm wide; if blade is greater than 2 cm wide, then leaf length is greater than 50 cm long 42 42 (4 1 ) Leaf sheath with long silky hairs, at least toward collar or on margins 43 42 Leaf sheath glabrous 45 43 (42) Culm nodes with scattered hairs 44 43 Culm nodes glabrous Hyparrhenia rufa 44 (43) Membranous ligule 3-5 mm long Paspalum urvillei 44 Membranous ligule 1-2.5 mm long Panicum maximum 45 (42) Plants perennials; no rhizomes present; naturalized in dry pastures, roadsides and other dis- turbed areas Themeda villosa 45 Plants with rhizomes or a rhizomatous perennial; naturalized in mesic to wet disturbed sites 46 46 (45) Culms 20-40 dm tall or more; membranous ligule 3-4 mm long Saccharum spontaneum 46 Culms 5-15 dm tall; membranous ligule L5-3.0 mm long; culm nodes with short fine hairs, hairs sometimes also present at collar Sorghum halpense Key B Pubescent leaves without obvious ntidveins 1 Leaf blades Hat and broad in middle, narrowing to a cuneate or attenuate base 2 1 Leaf blades flat, folded or variously involute, but not narrowing noticeably at the base 4 2(1) Leaf blades greater than 20 cm long, usually greater than 3 cm wide (at least some blades) Setaria palmifolia 2 Leaf blades less than 15 cm long, less than 2.5 cm wide 3 3 (2) Leaf sheath margins prominently ciliate; bristle-like hairs at leaf collar 1-2 mm long; membra- nous ligule 0.5-0.8 mm in length Oplismenus hirtellus 3 Leaf sheath margins ciliate or membranous; bristle-like hairs at collar to 1 mm long; membranous ligule approximately I mm in length Oplismenus compositus Volume 39 (I, 2), 2000 1 (very difficult to distinguish species in this couplet vegetatively) 4(1) Culm internodes solid 5 4 Culm internodes hollow 15 5 (4) Hairs present along margin of leaf blade near collar 6 5 Hairs present or absent along margin of leaf blade at collar, but if present then not along margins of blade near collar 12 6 (5) Leaf sheath margins ciliate or variously pubescent 7 6 Leaf sheath margins glabrous or with hairs restricted to collar area 10 7(6) Leaf gradually tapering to an acuminate tip; leaf blade margins white or light green 8 7 Leaf quickly tenninating to a subacute or rounded tip; leaf blade margins green Axonopus fisifolius 8 (7) Ligule membranous Paspalum fimbriatum 8 Ligule ciliate 9 9 (8) Leaf sheath margin densely ciliate from node to collar along one margin and glabrous or hyaline along other margin Brachiaria subquadripara 9 Leaf sheath margin not densely ciliate, pubescence along both margins but mostly near collar Cenchrus ciliaris 10 (6) Leaf blade quickly terminating to a subacute rounded tip; leaf sheath strongly flattened or keeled Axonopus fissifolius 10 Leaf blade gradually tapering to an attenuate tip; leaf sheath rounded or folded II 11 (10) Culm nodes pubescent Bothriochloa pertusa I 1 Culm nodes glabrous Dactyloctenium aegyptium 12 (5) Leaf blade pubescent near collar on adaxial surface, hairs arising along row medial to margin Chloris barbata 12 Leaf blade pubescent on adaxial and or abaxial surface, hairs scattered over entire length of blade 13 13(12) Plants annual; leaf blades flat Digitaira ciliaris 13 Plants perennial; blades often folding along midvein 14 14(13) Plants mat-forming, low growing Chloris divaricata var. cynodontioides 14 Plants clumping, upright, not mat-forming Chloris divaricata var. divaricata 15(4) Leaf sheaths strongly keeled 16 15 Leaf sheaths rounded or weakly folded, but not keeled 19 16(15) Leaf sheath densely pubescent over entire surface Cenchrus echinatus 16 Leaf sheath glabrous or sparsely pubescent 17 17(16) Leaf blades strongly keeled or folded, densely pubescent on adaxial surface (especially near collar) Andropogon virginicus 17 Leaf blades flat or folded, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on adaxial or abaxial surface 18 18 (17) Plants annual or perennial; abaxial leaf blade generally smooth; leaf blade length 10-30 cm; collar glabrous to densely pubescent Chloris virgata 18 Plants tufted perennials; abaxial leaf blade generally scabrous; leaf blade length 5-15 cm; collar glabrous Chloris radiata 19(15) Ligule completely membranous, occasionally with erose or lacerate apex 20 19 Ligule a ring of hairs or ligule a ciliate membrane 27 8 Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society 20 (19) Plants tufted annuals with poorly developed root system 21 20 Plants tufted or rhizomatous perennials with well developed root system 23 21 (20) Leaf sheath pubescent near collar, becoming glabrous toward node Bromus rigidus 21 Leaf sheath pubescent over entire surface 22 22 (2 1 ) Ligule greater than 2 mm Digitaria setigera 22 Ligule less than 2 mm Bromus hordeaceus 23 (20) Culm nodes pubescent 24 23 Culm nodes glabrous 26 24 (23) Culm internode pubescent just below node Holcus lanatus 24 Culm internode glabrous Just below node 25 25 (24) Leaf sheath pubescent above node Brachiaria muiica 25 Leaf sheath glabrous above node Dicanthium sericeum 26(23) Ligule less than I mm Ehrharla stipoides 26 Ligule greater than 3 mm Trisetum glomeratum 27(19) Culm nodes glabrous 28 27 Culm nodes pubescent 34 28 (27) Collar glabrous Seloria verlicillala 28 Collar pubescent 29 29 (28) Leaf sheath and collar (including blade near collar) glabrous or with hairs less than I mm long 30 29 Leaf sheath glabrous or with short pubescence, collar and or blade near collar with hairs greater than 2 mm long 3 1 30 (29) Ligule a ring of hairs 1-2 mm in length Pennisctum clandestinum 30 Ligule membranous with ciliate fringe, usually less than I mm in length Panicum repens 31 (29) Leaf blades Hat, usually greater than 4 mm wide 32 3 I Leaf blades usually involute (at least some), less than 3 mm wide 33 32 (3 1 ) Leaf blades densely pubescent on abaxial and adaxial surfaces Penniselum polystachiun 32 Leaf blades with few scattered hairs on abaxial or adaxial surfaces Setaria parxnflora 33 (3 1 ) Long hairs at collar do not extend onto leaf blade; leaf blades 3-12 cm long Rhtidosperma pilosa 33 Long hairs at collar extending onto leaf blade; leaf blades 10-25 cm long Eragrostis leptophylla 34 (27) Dense or velvety pubescence present on leaf blade, sheath, node, and internodes 34 Pubescence present but not on all structures as above 35 (34) Plants cespitose annuals; foliage not viscid Panicum torridum 35 Plants creeping, trailing perennials; foliage often viscid Mclinis minulijlora 36 (34) Ligule ciliate; leaf blades usually less than 20 cm in length Melinis repens 36 Ligule membranous with ciliate fringe; leaf blades usually greater than 30 cm in length 37 37 (36) Leaf sheath and blade mostly glabrous with short appressed hairs near collar; plants usually rhizomatous Sorghum halpense 37 Leaf sheath (and blade near collar) with hairs greater than 1 mm long; plants tufted Panicum maximum Volume 39 (1, 2), 2000 9 Key C Plants with obvious midveins, blade scabrous or glabrous, membranous ligule, upright culms less than 2 m and internodes less than 4 mm 1 Culm nodes pubescent (may be visible only with hand lens) 2 1 Culm nodes glabrous g 2(1) Plants with weak, sprawling culms or mat forming plants 3 2 Plants clumping or tufted erect plants, not mat forming 4 3 (2) Leaf blade linear, 4-8 mm wide; found in pastures and along roadsides Brachiaria subquadripara 3 Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 8-25 mm wide; common in shaded sites in mesic valleys and forests Oplismenus compositus 4 (2) Culm nodes with dense, long hairs greater than 1 .0 mm long 5 4 Culm nodes with short hairs less than 0.25 mm long 7 5 (4) Leaf sheath glabrous; short appressed hairs at collar less than 0.5 mm long Bothriochloa barbinodis 5 Leaf sheath usually pubescent (at least near collar); hairs at collar greater than 1 .0 mm long 6 6 (5) Leaf blade 2-6 mm wide Dichanthium sericeum 6 Leaf blade 6-30 mm wide Panicum maximum 7 (4) Leaf blade usually folded or involute, 1-2 mm wide; culms 2. 5-6. 5 dm tall Koeleria nitida 1 Leaf blade flat, 4-15 mm wide; culms 5-15 dm tall Sorghum halpense 8(1) Leaf tip curved, boat-shaped 9 8 Leaf tip narrowly attenuate 10 9 (8) Culms 0.3-2 dm tall; annuals; occurring in disturbed mesic habitats, including roadsides, pas- tures, urban sites, and disturbed mesic and wet forests, 0-1830 m Poa annua 9 Culms 3-6.5 dm tall; perennials; naturalized in disturbed mesic to subalpine forests and alpine sites, 1220-4025 m Poa pratensis 10(8) Basal leaf sheaths compressed-keeled Heteropogon contortus 1 0 Basal leaf sheaths rounded or compressed but not distinctly keeled I j 11(10) Leaf blade length less than 15 cm 12 1 I Leaf blade length greater than 15cm 26 12(11) Leaf blade width (largest blades) 6 mm or less 13 12 Leaf blade width (largest blades) greater than 6 mm 25 13(12) Ligule less than 2 mm in length ■. 14 13 Ligule greater than 2 mm in length 22 14(13) Plants are tufted or weakly rhizomatous annuals or perennials 15 14 Plants are strongly rhizomatous perennials Paspalum vaginatum 15 (14) Culm intemodes solid Digitaria violescens 15 Culm intemodes hollow 15 16(15) Weakly rhizomatous perennial; culms usually decumbent; found in moist shaded understory Ehrharta stipoides 16 Tufted perennials; culms usually upright, occasionally decumbent at base 17 17(16) Auricles present 1 7 Auricles absent 18 20 Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society 18(17) Membranous sheath margins extend into membranous auricles at leaf collar Leptochloa uninervia 18 Sheath margins not membranous; broad auricle lobes at leaf collar (Z-o/n $903.65 - $0.00 = $5768.68 The starting 1999 LMF target sum of $6660.00 less the year-end balance of $5768.68 leaves the LMF $891.32 short of being fully funded. Two new life members volunteered in late 1999, too late to augment the LMF CO account within the year. Their dues will join the LMF CO at Volume 39 (1, 2), 2000 19 its next maturity date in January 2000. Adding two new members, with no losses, sets the IMF target sum ahead $360.00 at year's end, to $7020.00. Respectfully Submitted, R. Fenstemacher, Treasurer June 18, 2000 Ha:waiian Botanical Society 3190 Maile Way c/o Botany Departroent, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI 96822 Re: Hawaiian Botanical Society accounts audit To Whom It May Concern: I have reviewed the account books and treasurer’s report for the Hawaiian Botanical Society for the calendar year 1999. I have found the books and the report to be detailed and malhematicalty accurate. Respectfully, Jonel L. Smith 44-217 Mikiola Drive Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 (808) 247-1246 fa K) 3 D cr o- OQ O) < 5’ s > > ^ o ro u) oo C O 3. fa < Q :r ' ft r-^ ^ cr 3 c 3 3“' 3 X ’-s < ’~t Cl is cS z $ - > (O < 0) 00 ro ro c o z d m ° □ ra 7i TB <5 > “s Z H ^ a - o > ^ •i z o > JustinS. Morrill t LAND GRANT COLLEGES NEWSLETTER OF THE HAWAIIAN BOTANICAL SOCIETY