,U2lSi '/?^D - 5 - ' librar NEW YC BC” CARD New York State Museum Bull etin Published by the University of the State of New York No. 301 ALBANY, N. Y. March 1934 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Charles C. Adams, Director TWENTY-SEVENTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF SCIENCE AND THE STATE MUSEUM CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 9 A Summary of the Year’s Work. . 9 Cooperation with State and Other Organizations 10 State Council of Parks 12 Allegany School of Natural History 13 Relation of the Museum to Schools and Colleges 17 Museum Attendance 17 Information and Publicity 18 Condition of Exhibition Halls, Exhibits and Study Collections 18 Printing and Publications 19 PAGE Photography and Drafting 19 Historical Collections and Allied Matters : 20 Scientific Staff and its Activities. . 28 Museum Collaborators 38 Museum Council 41 General Administrative Problems 41 Annual Financial and Statistical Summary 42 Needs of the State Museum 44 Annual Bibliography of the State Museum 50 Museum Accessions for the Year. . 52 Index 61 ALBANY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1934 M3o3r-Je33-iooo THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1944 James Byrne B.A., LL.B. LL.D., Chancellor - New York 1943 Thomas J. Mangan M.A., LL.D., Vice Chancellor Binghamton 1945 William J. Wallin M.A., LL.D.- - - - - Yonkers 1935 William Bondy M.A., LL.B., Ph.D., D.C.L. - New York 1941 Robert W. Higbie M.A., LL.D. ----- Jamaica 1938 Roland B. Woodward M. A., LL.D. - - - - Rochester 1937 Mrs Herbert Lee Pratt L.H.D. New York- 1939 Wm Leland Thompson B.A., LL.D.- - - - Troy 1936 John Lord O’Brian B.A., LL.B., LL.D. - - Buffalo 1940 Grant C. Madill M.D., LL.D. ----- Ogdensburg 1942 George Hopkins Bond Ph.M., LL.B., LL.D. - Syracuse 1946 Owen D. Young B.A., LL.B., D.C.S., LL.D. - New York President of the University and Commissioner of Education Frank P. Graves Ph.D., Litt.D., L.H.D., LL.D. Deputy Commissioner and Counsel Ernest E. Cole LL.B., Pd.D., LL.D Assistant Commissioner for Higher Education Harlan H. Horner M.A., Pd.D., LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education George M. Wiley M.A., Pd.D., L.H.D., LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education J. Cayce Morrison M.A., Ph.D., LL.D. Assistant Commissioner for Vocational and Extension Education Lewis A. Wilson D.Sc. Assistant Commissioner for Finance Alfred D. Simpson M.A., Ph.D. Assistant Commissioner for Administration Lloyd L. Cheney B.A., Pd.D. Director of State Library James I. Wyer M.L.S., Pd.D. Director of Science and State Museum Charles C. Adams M.S., Ph.D., D.Sc. Directors of Divisions Archives and History, Alexander C. Flick M.A., Litt.D., Ph.D., LL.D. Attendance and Child Accounting, Charles L. Mosher Ph.M. Educational Research, Warren W. Coxe B.S., Ph.D. Examinations and Inspections, Avery W. Skinner B.A., Pd.D. Health and Physical Education, Law, Charles A. Brind jr B.A., LL.B. Library Extension, Frank L. Tolman Ph.B., Pd.D. Motion Picture, Irwin Esmond Ph.B., LL.B. Professional Licensure, Charles B. Heisler, B.A. Rehabilitation, Riley M. Little B.S., B.D. Rural Education, Ray P. Snyder School Buildings and Grounds, Joseph H. Hixson M.A. Teacher Training, Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. New York State Education Department The New York State Museum, March 6, 1933 The Honorable Frank P. Graves, President of the University and Commissioner of Education Sir: I beg to submit herewith the report of the Director of the New York State Museum for the period from July 1, 1931, to June 30, 1932. Very respectfully Charles C. Adams Director Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/newyorkstatemuse3011newy New York State Museum Bulletin Published by the University of the State of New York No. 301 ALBANY, N. Y. March 1934 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Charles C. Adams, Director TWENTY-SEVENTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF SCIENCE AND THE STATE MUSEUM CONTENTS PAGE Photography and Drafting 19 Historical Collections and Allied Matters 20 Scientific Staff and its Activities. . 28 Museum Collaborators 38 Museum Council 41 General Administrative Problems 41 Annual Financial and Statistical Summary 42 Needs of the State Museum 44 Annual Bibliography of the State Museum 50 Museum Accessions for the Year. . 52 Index 61 PAGE Foreword 9 A Summary of the Year’s Work. . 9 Cooperation with State and Other Organizations 10 State Council of Parks 12 Allegany School of Natural History 13 Relation of the Museum to Schools and Colleges 17 Museum Attendance 17 Information and Publicity 18 Condition of Exhibition Halls, Exhibits and Study Collections 18 Printing and Publications 19 ALBANY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1934 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Figure i The New York State Education Building. On the upper floors is located the New York State Museum. .. .Frontispiece. Figure 2 Representative mature forest visited by the students of the Allegany School of Natural History. Heart’s Content Forest, Pa. Photograph by M. G. Schneckenburger 15 Figure 3 Characteristic types of Shaker buildings at the Watervliet Shakers, near Albany, N. Y 21 Figure 4 The Church Family, Mount Lebanon, N. Y., in the early 1870’s. Showing types of buildings 22 Figure 5 Straw hat (a) formerly made by Shakers, and wooden form ( b ) over which felt hats were made 23 Figure 6 A series of turnkeys, used by early dentists for extracting teeth, a and b presented by Dr C. D. Van Alstine ; c by Dr C. E. Allen, and d, by Dr L. S. Blatner. In the Museum Col- lection of Medical History 24 Figure 7 Powder horn made at Crown Point, November 4, 1761, by Samuel Whittaker 25 Figure 8 The cliffs of the Helderbergs, Ferncliff ledge, John Boyd Thacher State Park 29 Figure 9 A flagstone quarry at Reidsville, in the Helderbergs. A declining industry 30 Figure 10 Ferns have a wide appeal because of their attractive foliage. a Bulblet bladder fern, and b, Common polypody fern. Photo- graphs by Elsie G. Whitney 31 Figure 11 Powder duster for applying insect poisons in research experi- ments in the Westchester county parks. A cooperative project between the Bureau of Forest Pest Control, State Conservation Department ; the Bureau of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture and Markets, the West- chester County Park Commission and the State Museum . . 32 Figure 12 Spraying outfit for applying liquid insect poisons to trees in Westchester county parks. Another cooperative experiment between the State Conservation Department, State Depart- ment of Agriculture and Markets, the Westchester Park Commission and the State Museum . 33 Figure 13 Dr Albert Perry Brigham, Museum Collaborator. Died March 31, 1932 39 THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM All scientific specimens and collections, works of art, objects of historic interest and similar property appropriate to a general museum, if owned by the State and not placed in other custody by a specific law, shall constitute the State Museum. [ Education Law, § 54.] The Librarian of any library owned by the State, or the officer in charge of any state department, bureau, board, commission or other office may, with the approval of the Regents, transfer to the permanent custody of the State Library or Museum any books, papers, maps, manuscripts, specimens or other articles which, because of being duplicates or for other reasons, will in his judg- ment be more useful to the State in the State Library or Museum than if retained in his keeping. [ Education Laiv, § 1 1 15.] THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE MUSEUM “The Museum is the natural scientific center of the State government ; it is the natural depository of all the material brought together by the state sur- veys ; it is the natural custodian of all purely scientific state records ; it is the natural center of the study of the resources of the State as a political unit ; it must maintain its capacity for productiveness in pure scientific research — pure science has been the justification of the State Museum from the begin- ning of its history. * * * In brief, the distinctive sphere and scope of the State Museum corresponds with the scientific interests and welfare of the people within the geographic boundaries of the State. The truest measure of civilization and of intelligence in the government of a state is the support of its institutions of science, for the science of our time in its truest sense is not the opinions or prejudices, the strength or weakness of its votaries, it is the sum of our knowledge of nature with its infinite appli- cations to State welfare, to State progress and to the distribution of human happiness.” — Henry Fairfield Osborn, an address delivered at the dedication of the New York State Education Building, October 15, 1912. THE FUNCTIONS OF A MUSEUM “A museum is an institution for the preservation of those objects which best illustrate the phenomena of nature and the works of man, and the utilization of these for the increase of knowledge and for the culture and enlightenment of the people. In addition to local accessories, the opportunity for exploration and field work are equally essential, not only because of considerations connected with the efficiency of the staff * * * but in behalf of the general welfare of the institution. Other things being equal, exploration can be carried on more advantageously by the museum than by any other institution of learning, and there is no other field or research which it can pursue to better advantage. To aid the occasional inquirer, be he a laboring man, schoolboy, journalist, public speaker, or savant, to obtain, without cost, exact information upon any subject related to the specialties of the institution; serving thus as a “bureau of information.” _ A museum to be useful and reputable must be constantly engaged in aggres- sive work either in education or investigation, or in both. A museum which is not aggressive in policy and constantly improving can not retain in its service a competent staff and will surely fall into decay. A finished museum is a dead museum,' and a dead museum is a useless museum.” — G. Brown Goode, formerly assistant secretary, Smithsonian Insti- tution. [6] THE VALUE OF RESEARCH “In the eyes of the world today the reputation of a country does not depend alone on the size of her armaments, the size of her empire or volume of her trade so much as upon the contribution she can make to the progress and happiness of mankind in art, in literature and in science. “The development of industry depends more or less on the _ application of new ideas and discoveries in pure science. Successful industrial research is ultimately dependent on the prosecution of research in pure science with the object of adding to our knowledge of the processes of nature, and generally without regard to the practical applications.’’ — Stanley Baldwin, Lord Presi- dent of the Council, Opening the Mond Laboratory at Cambridge, England. From the New York Times of February 19, 1933. Museum Committee of the Board of Regents Wm Leland Thompson, Chairman John Lord O’Brian William Bondy State Museum Council Orange L. Van Horne Benjamin Walworth Arnold Thomas D. Thaci-ier Owen D. Young Pierrepont B. Noyes State Museum Staff Charles C. Adams Ph.D., D.Sc Alvin G. Whitney A.B Rudolf Ruedemann Ph.D David H. Newland B.A Robert D. Glasgow Ph.D Homer D. House Ph.D Chris A. Hartnagel M.A Winifred Goldring M.A Kenyon F. Chamberlain. Elsie G. Whitney M.A. Noah T. Clarke Edwin J. Stein Walter J. Schoonmaker Arthur Paladin Clinton F. Kilfoyle . . . .Director of the Museum Assistant Director State Paleontologist State Geologist State Entomologist State Botanist . . .Assistant State Geologist . . . .Associate Paleontologist Zoologist Assistant State Entomologist . . . .Assistant State Botanist Archeologist T echnical Assistant Technical Assistant T echnical Assistant Technical Assistant Honorary Curators William L. Bryant .Honorary Curator of Fossil Fishes Benjamin W. Arnold Honorary Curator of Ornithology Harry S. Peck Honorary Curator of Minerals Collaborators Professor George PI. Hudson Dr Ephraim Porter Felt Dr Albert P. Brigham* Temporary Scientific Appointments Nelson C. Dale Ph.D.... Medora L. Hooper M.A. L. W. Ploger M.S Tracey H. Gillette Aretas A. Saunders Ph.B Charles Brewer jr A.B. . . Lawrence E. Hicks M.Sc. Edwin C. Eckel C.E W. L. Lassiter M.A Temporary Geologist Temporary Geologist .Temporary Geologist Temporary Geologist Temporary Zoologist T emporary Geologist Temporary Botanist Consulting Mineral Economist .Assistant Curator of History * Deceased March 31, 1932. [8] Figure i The New York State Education Building. On the upper floors is located the New York State Museum library NEW YORK botanical GARDEN TWENTY-SEVENTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DIVISION OF SCIENCE AND THE STATE MUSEUM By Charles C. Adams, Director New York State Museum FOREWORD The Division of Science and the State Museum is primarily a fact- finding or central research agency devoted to the intensive study of natural resources of the State in relation to man. Its work is not limited to the sciences, because history and art of the State are included by law within its field. In addition, the State Museum diffuses its information by means of Museum exhibits, publications — both popular and technical — by an extensive correspondence and by conferences and cooperation, as the Museum has long been considered a bureau of information. This report covers the fiscal year July i, 1931, to June 30, 1932. A SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S WORK The outstanding achievements of the past year have been the continuation of the scientific, economic and educational state-wide surveys and studies of the natural resources of the State, and important additions to the historical and industrial collections of the State Museum. In spite of the economic depression, no curtailment has yet been made in the availability of the exhibition halls to the general public. Studies of mineral and geological resources have been continued on the geological and economic surveys of the following 12 quadrangles : Russell, Thirteenth Lake, Schunemunk, Morrisville, Oswegatchie, Skaneateles, Randolph, Cattaraugus, Berne, Catskill, Clyde and Sodus Bay. The regular annual compilation of the mining and quarry statistics has been continued in cooperation with the ' . United States Bureau of Census and the United States Bureau of Mines. Museum Bulletin 295, summarizing the statistics for 1927 ■X, and 1929, has been published, with special reports on recent •vt developments of oil and gas in the State. J3 The biological survey of the plants of the State has been continued in the vicinity of Oneida Lake, and particularly in the Allegany State [9] 10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Park ; and a handbook on the ferns and their allies is well under way. The popular handbook on mushrooms and allied fungi is in proof. The biological survey of the animals of the Allegany State Park has been continued by an intensive study of the birds, and a handbook has been completed on the butterflies of the park. Local studies about Albany have been continued on the mammals, giving special attention to the woodchuck. Cooperative entomological studies have been conducted with the State Department of Agriculture and Markets ; the State Conservation Department, the Westchester County Park Commission, the General Electric Research Laboratories, Schenectady, N. Y., with three narcissus bulb growers on Long Island, and with the State Depart- ment of Health at the Hospital for Incipient Tuberculosis at Ray Brook in the Adirondacks, in the control of black and other blood- sucking flies. The extensive studies of the black and other biting flies of the Adirondacks, made with the cooperation of many residents of the region, resulted in the publication of Museum Bulletin 289 and Circular 5. In -the section of archeology and history, field studies have been continued of private local Indian collections. The renovation of the six Iroquois Indian exhibition groups has long been needed and was well done. Valuable additions were made to the Medical History collection and to the Shaker Industrial collections. The usual attendance of the Museum is about 200,000 annually, but the general economic depression has reduced the June and July number of summer tourist visitors about 10,000 or 12,000. The proposal for the State Memorial Museum has been held in abeyance, although the unemployment situation may yet lead to a policy of public construction which might well include this proposal. COOPERATION WITH STATE AND OTHER ORGANI- ZATIONS The ramifications of society are so complex that cooperation between public and private agencies is constantly becoming more necessary. During the past year the State Museum has cooperated with the following agencies or individuals : 1 United States Bureau of Mines and the United States Bureau of Census, Washington, D. C. The Museum has continued the long standing cooperative policy of collecting the statistics of mineral production from the mines and quarries of the State. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR II 2 New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets. Cooperative entomological studies of a subtropical cockroach green- house pest, the narcissus bulb pests, insect pests of ornamental trees and shrubs, and the European pine shoot moth. 3 New York State Conservation Department. The Director is a member of the State Council of Parks. The geologists of the Museum staff advise the Conservation Department on the purchase of lands when mineral resources are involved. The State Ento- mologist has made studies of the weevils of Scotch pine and studies of the European pine shoot moth, the latter with the added coopera- tion of the Westchester County Park Commission. The Allegany School of Natural History is conducted in the Allegany State Park, and the State Museum has conducted scientific studies of park problems. 4 The State Department of Health has cooperated with the State Entomologist of the Museum staff in the control of the blood-sucking flies on the grounds of the Ray Brook hospital. 5 New York State Department of Law, Office of the Attorney General. Cooperation with the Office of Land Titles on the purchase of mineral lands in the Adirondacks and on other legal problems. 6 Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, N. Y. Coopera- tion in conducting the Allegany School of Natural History in the Allegany State Park. The Director of the State Museum is responsi- ble for its educational policy, and the school has cooperated in local scientific surveys. There is active cooperation with the Allegany State Park Commission. 7 The University of Buffalo, Buffalo, N. Y. Affiliated with the Allegany School of Natural History. 8 Colgate University, Department of Geology and Geography, Hamilton, N. Y. Cooperation on a geological survey of the Morris- ville quadrangle. 9 Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Cooperation on a geo- logical survey of the Potsdam and Rosendale quadrangles. 10 The University of Rochester, Department of Geology. Co- operation on a geological survey of the Clyde and Sodus Bay quadrangles. 1 1 Cooperation within the State Education Department : State Library, conducting exchanges of Museum publications ; Archives and History Division ; Department Editor, on the publication of Bird and Arbor Day numbers of the Bulletin to the Schools. 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 12 Dr Rudolf Ruedemann, State Paleontologist, has cooperated with more than 30 geologists in the preparation of a two-volume general Geology of North America. 13 Dana Natural History Society, Albany, N. Y. Cooperation on a lecture on birds to Albany school children on Bird Day, April 8th, by Dr John B. May. 14 Several Long Island narcissus bulb growers have actively cooperated financially with the State Entomologist of the Museum staff on methods of controlling narcissus pests (see also no. 2). 15 The University of Michigan Herbarium, Dr Howard A. Kelly, of Johns Hopkins University, and Charles M. Winchester sr, of Albany. Continuing the work on the preparation and printing of Handbook 11, by L. C. C. Krieger on a Popular Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (Mushrooms) of New York State. 16 General Electric Research Laboratories, Dr W. R. Whitney, director, and Dr W. D. Coolidge, associate director. Various experi- ments for the control of insect bulb pests and other scientific prob- lems with the State Entomologist. 17 The American Humane Association, Albany, N. Y., has been conducting a prize competition in order to secure a more humane trap for catching animals. In this worthy endeavor the State Museum has cooperated with its zoologists on the staff acting as judges. This work has been under way for four years. 18 The Sixteenth International Geological Congress Committee, and the United States Geological Survey on the preparation of an excursion guide book to New York State geology by members of the Museum staff. STATE COUNCIL OF PARKS The function of the State Council of Parks, in the Conservation Department, is to be a “central advisory agency for all parks and parkways, and all places of historic, scientific and scenic interest.” The Director of the State Museum is a member of the council, and has attended the monthly meetings and inspection trips as regularly as other duties would permit. Another phase of cooperation with the parks is in the conducting of the Allegany School of Natural History in the Allegany State Park, and the scientific surveys which have long been under way in this park. These have resulted in a variety of publications on the scientific, economic and educational problems of the park. More has been published on such studies in this park than has been done for other similar parks. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 13 Recently the oil and gas problem of the Allegany State Park became an important administrative problem, and as a phase of the geological work already under way at the park, a special study was made of this problem and the report is completed for publication, ALLEGANY SCHOOL OF NATURAL HISTORY (Figure 2) “Future educational systems of the States will undoubtedly offer increasing possibilities for intellectual and spiritual growth of adults. In this connection, the wide field of nature will be recognized as a major asset, furnishing inspir- ing original materials teaching their own lessons. A well-developed State Park system, closely articulated to the educational program of the State, may be an extremely important instrument for use in ways of which we are as yet scarcely aware.” — John C. Merriam, President, Carnegie Institution of Wash- ing ton, 1932. The fifth session of the Allegany School of Natural History began July 8, and closed August 27, 1931. The school is under the direction of Dr Robert E. Coker and is conducted by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences in cooperation with the State Museum, and in affiliation with the University of Buffalo, and with the hearty cooperation of the Commissioners of the Allegany State Park. This is the only school of the kind conducted in a New York State Park, of college grade and giving special attention to the natural history sciences. The State Museum is responsible for the general educa- tional policy of the School. Various temporary members of the State Museum staff use the school as the field base for their local scientific and economic studies. During the session of 1931 a local study was made of the oil and gas of the park, a problem that had become of immediate practical importance in the administration of the park. The mapping of the vegetation of the park was continued and further intensive studies were made of the birds. These local studies contribute to the general scientific surveys of the State. The various studies in this park have included studies of economic, administrative and educational problems, which also contribute to the general scientific surveys of the State. In the opinion of Doctor Coker, this was the most successful session of the school since its inception. The abstract of his annual report on the conduct of the School has been published (71st Ann. Rep’t., Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. for 1931-32, p. 21-22). Figure 2 Representative mature forest visited by the students of the Allegany School of Natural History. Heart’s Content Forest, Pa. Photo- graph by M. G. Schneckenburger [15] REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1 7 RELATION OF THE MUSEUM TO SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES A large number of teachers and pupils from the public and private schools, and from several colleges and universities, visit the State Museum exhibits more or less regularly, as a part of their school programs. One group of boys came 150 miles, and spent one hour and a half visiting the Museum. Classes came from the following 28 counties : Albany, Rensselaer, Schenectady, Saratoga, Greene, Washington, Fulton, Dutchess, Otsego, Sullivan, Schoharie, Lewis, Columbia, Rockland, Cayuga, Clinton, New York, Montgomery, Ulster, Essex, Cortland, Chenango, Westchester, Oneida, Broome, Delaware, Herkimer and Warren. In addition there were three classes from Vermont, two from Massachusetts and one from Con- necticut. The number of classes from New York State was 253, slightly fewer than the number the previous year, no doubt due to economic conditions. The number of pupils was 6726, a marked decline below that of the previous year. The largest attendance was in the spring and early summer, with a maximum in June of more than 1800 pupils. The largest fall attendance was in October. The publications of the Museum reach a large number of teachers and pupils from the elementary grades to the university. The mem- bers of the Museum staff and others assist the Department Editor in the preparation of Bird and Arbor Day numbers of the Depart- ment’s Bulletin to the Schools. The custom has continued of cooperating with the Dana Natural History Society of Albany in giving an illustrated public lecture on birds to the local school children. This was given on April 8, 1932, by Dr. John B. May, State Ornithologist of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture, on the protection of birds. Rather frequent requests come from schools seeking assistance in the care of their local school collections and museums, also for the loan of specimens and similar assistance, but unfortunately only limited help of this character can be furnished. MUSEUM ATTENDANCE Under normal economic conditions the Museum attendance, on the basis of accurate count and estimate, is about 200,000. The only visitors that can be counted are those that come as classes, and the Sunday attendance. The total class attendance was 6726, and for 30 Sundays 43,579, or a Sunday average of more than 1400. The maximum Sunday attendance was recorded in November and reached i8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM a total for the month of 9667. After January 1, 1932, Sunday rail- way excursions from New York City brought many additional visitors, so that the total was the largest in the past five years. It was particularly noteworthy that these New York City visitors took a more active interest in the exhibits than the usual local visitors. With so many museums in New York City, it was surprising that so many of these visitors showed such keen interest in the exhibits, even resulting in correspondence after their return home. The August attendance was estimated at 40,000, the maximum for any month, but the annual total showed a marked decline, to about 188,000. This appears to be due largely to the reduction of summer tourist visitors from a distance during June and July. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY A rather extensive correspondence is conducted within and with- out the State, and covers every phase of activity of the State Museum. Members of the staff gave 24 lectures or talks; 23 within the State, and one outside. A public of about 1800 was thus reached. These talks were given in the following nine counties : Albany, Broome, Columbia, Kings, Montgomery, New York, Onondaga, Rensselaer and Saratoga. Limited traveling funds and the lack of official automobiles discourage this phase of public, service. Releases to the press are given whenever possible. The publications of the Museum reach an extensive audience in public libraries, schools and colleges. The Announcement of the Allegany School of Natural History, and the advertisements for the school, call the attention of the public to the work of the Museum. Members of the Museum staff act on various committees and attend conferences, which are equivalent to public talks or lectures. CONDITION OF EXHIBITION HALLS, EXHIBITS AND STUDY COLLECTIONS Constant watchfulness and care are required to protect the exhibits from damage caused by difficulties with the main skylight. The State Relief Map was provided with a new border of linoleum, so that it is now in excellent condition. This map is of very great interest to the general public, particularly the summer tourists. The various marine paleontological groups were also repaired. The Iroquois Indian Groups had not been systematically renovated since their installation in 1914. A donation from a friend of the REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 19 Museum made these repairs possible. Fortunately this was accom- plished through the friendly supervision of the artist, David C. Lithgow, who was primarily responsible for the preparation and the original construction of these exhibits. Under his direction Arthur D. Young went over all six exhibits, dusted, cleaned and repaired them during July 1931. This was a much needed improvement and helps very materially to maintain the unusually high quality of this exhibit. The additions to the study collections are best shown in the List of Accessions, which likewise indicates their source. Much material is acquired in the course of the regular activities of the staff. Con- siderable material has been added to the Historic Collection. The temporary Shaker Collection was closed March 5, 1932, because the room was needed for the temporary storage of large recent additions to the Shaker Collection. The general study collections are in as good condition as their overcrowded quarters will permit. The problem of storage space is becoming almost desperate. PRINTING AND PUBLICATIONS “After all it is the written word that lives.” — Dr W . M. Beauchamp. The Annual Bibliography which accompanies this report indicates the activity of the staff, and in addition includes publications which are based, at least in part, on the collections of the State Museum, or are the product of some form of cooperation with it. Publication is one of the most important obligations of the Museum to the State, as by this method and the public exhibits the Museum reaches directly its largest public. The indirect influence *of such publications is impossible to estimate, because these publications are distributed world-wide in libraries. The inventory of the older stock of publications progresses very slowly, and is halted completely for months at a time because of the limited help available. Until this inventory is reasonably com- plete it is unwise to permit distribution of this stock, because when once out of print, there is no present prospect of reprinting. PHOTOGRAPHY AND DRAFTING As a method of taking field notes, photographs have increased greatly in all scientific surveys and field studies. These serve a double purpose, as a visual record and for published reports. In practice it has been found the safest procedure to take a relatively 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM large number of field photographs, and select those needed for imme- diate publication, the remainder being kept in reserve for future needs. Often the field worker must conduct his studies under such unfavorable conditions that his photographs are not so successful as those made under carefully controlled conditions. With the field worker the photographs must be more or less secondary to his major purpose, and even a relatively poor photograph of something of importance in his study is much more valuable than none at all. A geologist may secure a rather poor photograph of an exposure, made while a road is under construction, that will be destroyed a few hours or a few days later. It is, however, his only chance. The same problems confront the student of plants and animals. Additional facilities for the photographic and drafting laboratory have aided materially in increasing both the amount and the quality of the work done. A mercury-vapor M-tube has been added to the dark room, and a metal cabinet has been provided for the large albums intended for filing a set of all photographic prints. The photographer and draftsman estimates that he has made about 850 negatives, 1600 prints, some enlargements and lantern slides; and he also made 165 line drawings for publications. HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS AND ALLIED MATTERS (Figures 3-7) “I warmly sympathize with the ambition expressed in your annual report to have this Museum more than a mere zoologic or scientific museum. It should be a museum of arts and letters as well as a museum of natural history. . . . There should be here a representation of all our colonial and revo- lutionary life. There should be in this museum for the instruction and inspira- tion of our people, a full representation of American history since the time when Ne& York cast off its provincial character and became an integral por- tion of the American republic.” — Theodore Roosevelt’s address at the opening of the New York State Museum, December 29, 1916. The historical collections continue to grow and demand more storage room. It does not seem wise to advise the public that the State Museum refuses all such gifts because of the lack of proper storage space. We do not believe that the people of the State will be satisfied with such a decision, and that they desire valuable historic collections to be destroyed or sent out of the State, for the lack of adequate storage, while awaiting a new modern State Museum building. Through the active interest of Dr James N. Vander Veer, of Albany, the collection illustrating the medical history of New York State was augmented by the donation of old surgical sets, dental [22] Figure 4 The Church Family, Mount Lebanon, N. Y., in the early 1870’s. Showing types of buildings Figure 5 Straw hat (a) formerly made by Shakers, and wooden form ( b ) over which felt hats were made [23] a > >> u Q 5 .*2 u5 PS *■0 o cu bfl m .s 00 P >» « Q [24] [25] Figure 7 Powder horn made at Crown Point, November 4, 1761, by Samuel Whittaker REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 27 tools and medical diplomas. At the present rate of growth it will soon warrant a special temporary exhibit. The Shaker Collection likewise continues to increase in interest and value. A valuable collection was received from Dr and Mrs Edward D. Andrews, of Pittsfield, Mass., who have become leading experts in the history of the Shakers. They have given much atten- tion to the Mount Lebanon Shakers, and the materials secured from them supplements that of the State Museum to an important degree. Another valuable series was secured from the Hancock Shakers near Pittsfield, Mass., through the generous cooperation of the Hancock Family, and the intelligent and enthusiastic support of Sister Alice Smith. This collection is particularly valuable because of the detailed notes on the objects carefully compiled by Sister Alice. A third important collection came from the North Family of Shakers at Mount Lebanon, through Eldresses Sarah Burger and Ella Winship, with the assistance of Sisters Jennie Wells and Rosetta A. Stevens. The State Museum was particularly fortunate in securing a collec- tion of photographs, negatives and prints made between 1861 and 1868, by the late James Irving, Troy, N. Y. These were secured from his son, Frank P. Irving. The collection is important in two 1 espects : first, because it includes a remarkably fine series of inter- esting photographs and negatives of New York Shakers, and secondly because it illustrates several stages in the history of photography in this State by an early skilled leader in this industry. It is hoped that about this nucleus will grow an important collection illustrating the history of photography in this State. These historical and industrial materials, illustrating the varied industries of the Shakers, have now reached the stage where they represent the best collection of the kind in any museum. The cata- loging, labeling and storing of this collection has been continued during July and August 1931, by William L. Lassiter, who has now devoted several summers to this undertaking. There is yet much that remains to be cataloged. It is of interest to note that the vacuum pan used by the Church Family of the Mount Lebanon Shakers, and acquired in recent years from them by the Borden Company, has been donated to the United States National Museum at Washington (Report U. S. Nat. Mus. 1932, p. 88). This vacuum pan was used by the Shakers in the manufacture of medicines. It was used in 1853 by Gail Borden in making the first evaporated milk. 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The Museum Handbook 15, on the Community Industries of the Shakers, by Dr Edward D. Andrews, Temporary Curator of His- tory, is in galley proof. This study was based largely on the Mount Lebanon Shakers and the State Museum Shaker Collection. We anticipate much interest in this handbook, as it is the first history of the kind to be made. A valuable accession to the Historic Collection is a manuscript “Catalogue of a Collection of Powder Horns Embracing the World,” by Rufus A. Grider, Canajoharie, N. Y. This catalog contains much information on old New York State powder horns. The State Museum has only a few of these. (Figure 7.) Frequent inquiries are received about them, and therefore this catalog is very useful. The author prepared an interesting series of drawings of powder horns seen by him, and these drawings are in the collection of the New York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York City, which also has a copy of the catalog. Alexander J. Wall has published an excellent illustrated account of this catalog, with extracts, illustrations and references to the most important literature on this subject. (Powder Horns, their History and Use. Quart. Bui., N. Y. Hist. Soc., vol. 25, p. 1-24, April 1931.) SCIENTIFIC STAFF AND ITS ACTIVITIES (Figures 8-12) “It is essential that this Museum should command the service of many dif- ferent men for work in many different fields, and that its work should be so closely related to work of the same kind elsewhere that it shall all represent a coordinated whole. This is true of all departments of the work, but espe- cially so of those departments which have a direct utilitarian bearing. “This Museum, like every other institution of the type, should do every- thing to develop large classes of workers of this kind. And yet, friends, we must never forget that the greatest need, the need most difficult to meet, is the need to develop great leaders and to give full play to their activities. In the entirely proper effort to develop numbers of individual workers there must be no forgetfulness of this prime need of individual leadership if American achievement in the scientific field is to be really noteworthy. Yet in scientific as well as in historical associations and academies, this fact is often forgotten. “The really great works must be produced by some individual great man who is able to use to the utmost advantage the indispensable preliminary work of a multitude of other observers and investigators. He will be the first to recognize his debt to these other observers and investigators. If he does not do so he will show himself a poor creature. On the other hand, if they are worth their salt they will be proud to have the great architect use all the results of their praiseworthy and laborious and necessary labor in constructing the building which is to crown it ."—Theodore Roosevelt’s address at the open- ing of the New York State Museum, December 29, 1916. The varied functions of the State Museum, scientific, economic, educational and curatorial, call for a variety of ability and experience on the part of the staff. In addition to the general routine of the [29] Figure 8 The cliffs of the Helderbergs, Ferncliff ledge, John Boyd Thacher State Park [30] Figure 9 A flagstone quarry at Reidsville, in the Helderbergs. A declining industry Figure io Ferns have a wide appeal because of their attractive foliage. a Bulblet bladder fern, and b Common polypody fern. Photographs by Elsie G. Whitney l3i 1 l32l [33] Figure 12 Spraying outfit for applying liquid insect poisons to trees in Westchester county parks. Another cooperative experiment between the State Conservation Department, State Department of Agriculture and Markets, the Westchester Park Commission and the State Museum REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 35 various offices, administrative, curatorial and educational, the out- standing scientific and scholarly results of the staff may be summarized as follows : Geology. Dr Rudolf Ruedemann, State Paleontologist, has con- tinued the preparation of his exhaustive monograph on the Grapto- lites of North America. He has made a special study of the Okla- homa graptolites with Dr Charles E. Decker, of the University of Oklahoma, on which a joint report will be published. His super- vision of the general two-volume treatise on the Geology of North America is about two-thirds completed. He has completed a bulletin on the Paleozoic Plankton of North America. Winifred Goldring, Associate Paleontologist, has completed her bulletin on the geology of the Berne quadrangle. She has continued her studies of the correlation of Devonian stratigraphy, and has been reading proof on her handbook on the Indian Ladder region of the John Boyd Thacher State Park (figures 8, 9). Additional Gilboa and Crinoid fossils have received special study. Special mention should be made of the printing of Part 2 of the Handbook of Paleontology for Beginners and Amateurs, as the completion of this handbook meets a need that has been felt by the general public as well as in professional circles. Doctor Ruedemann and Miss Goldring have made some progress in their study of the evolution of coral reefs, giving special attention to the famous Cryptozoon reefs. Dr A. C. Tester has continued the preparation of a report on the geology of the Randolph quadrangle within the Allegany State Park. Dr Burnett Smith has completed his report on the geology of the Skaneateles quadrangle. Professor L. W. Ploger has continued his field and laboratory work on the Cattaraugus quadrangle report. Dr R. J. Colony is extending his intensive studies of the Schune- munk quadrangle at his own expense. Professor N. C. Dale has completed his field work on the Oswe- gatchie quadrangle and is revising the report on the Russell quadrangle. Dr G. Arthur Cooper reports progress on his paper on the Hamilton formation, and on his special report of the fossils of the Allegany State Park. Mrs Medora Hooper Krieger has completed her field work and her report on the Thirteenth Lake quadrangle in an interesting region at the edge of the Adirondacks. 36 NEW YORK STATE MUSEyM Professor H. D. Whitnall has continued his work on the Morris- ville quadrangle. Tracy Gillette has begun a study of the geology of the Clyde and Sodus Bay quadrangles. The pressure of other work has not permitted further progress on the combined report and relief and geological map of the State. There is much need for such an up-to-date map by the staff. David H. Newland, State Geologist, and Chris A. Hartnagel, Assistant State Geologist, have continued the statistical studies in cooperation with the United States Bureau of Census and the United States Bureau of Mines, and Bulletin No. 295 has been published covering this work, including a special chapter on recent oil and gas developments, and also Circular 7 on the same subject. These studies give a valuable periodic, economic inventory. Mr Newland, as chairman of the State Museum committee for the 16th International Geological Congress, which will meet in June 1933, has supervised the preparation of a geological guide book for the official excursion throughout this State. This guide will be pub- lished by the United States Geological Survey. Other members of the Museum staff contributed to the writing of this guide, as well as other geologists. Mr Newland has continued his study of the lime- stones of the State. After a long delay the report by Dr W. L. Russell on oil recovery processes in southwestern New York has been completed for publication as Circular 8. Charles Brewer jr made an intensive study of the oil and gas in the Allegany State Park, where this had become an economic and park administrative problem calling for careful study. Dr Albert P. Brigham, Collaborator, published a paper on his latest glacial studies in the Mohawk valley. Edwin C. Eckel, formerly of the staff, began a special study of the industrial history of New York State, with special reference to the mineral industries. This is the first general study of this character made of this State and promises to be of much value. Plants. Dr House, State Botanist, has practically completed his report on the flora of the Township of Newcomb, Essex county. With the completion of the photographs by the author, this report will be ready for publication. He spent a few days in the Oneida Lake region. Continued revision of the Annotated List of Plants (Bulletin 254), is a routine office procedure. Additional cooperative studies of fungi were combined with Dr John Dearness. No further work was done on the Lake Ontario vegetation. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 37 Mrs Elsie G. Whitney, Assistant State Botanist, has continued her preparation of the handbook on the ferns and their allies of the State, and has secured a number of photographs for this purpose (figure io). In connection with this the collections at the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University were consulted. Lawrence E. Hicks continued the field work on the survey of the vegetation of the Allegany State Park, which has been in progress for several seasons. With one more field season this mapping will be completed. Insects. Dr Robert D. Glasgow, State Entomologist, has con- tinued his studies of the black flies and other biting flies in the Adirondacks, both independently and in cooperation with the State Hospital for Incipient Tuberculosis at Ray Brook, with Dr H. A. Bray, Superintendent of the Sanitorium, and Professor J. P. Porter of Cornell University. At Doctor Glasgow’s suggestion and under his general supervision, some important improvements have been made at this sanatorium that have bettered the outdoor conditions for the patients and reduced the discomfort caused by these pests. Studies of the narcissus bulb pests of Long Island have been con- tinued in cooperation with the bulb growers A. Frylinck & Sons, Stumpp and Walter and F. Rynweld & Sons, as well as with the State Agriculture and Markets Department. There has also been generous cooperation by the General Electric Research Laboratory, in various experiments connected with the bulb studies. The weevil pests of Scotch pine and the European pine shoot moth, have been investigated in cooperation with the State Conservation Department, the State Agriculture and Markets Department, and the Westchester County Park Commission. The greenhouse cock- roach experiments have been continued in cooperation with the State Agriculture and Markets Department and F. R. Pierson. All these insect studies have involved cooperative field studies, laboratory studies and field experiments by many persons. Not only have the cooperators contributed time, materials, funds and facilities, but also a total of man power roughly equivalent to the full time of one man for nearly 500 working days. This substantial assistance is greatly appreciated. Dr Ephraim Porter Felt, Collaborator with K. F. Chamberlain, Assistant State Entomologist, is completing a study of the influence of wind on insects, begun several years ago. Mr Chamberlain has been able to devote only a limited amount of time to his study of the lupine and yellow locust insects. 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Aretas A. Saunders, working at the Allegany School of Natural History, completed his popular guide to the butterflies of the Park, which will form Handbook 13. Animals. The position of Zoologist has remained vacant. Dr S. C. Bishop, former Zoologist, but now of the University of Rochester, is completing reports which he had in preparation as a member of the staff, when he resigned from the State Museum. These reports include papers on the reptiles and amphibians of the State, the life history of the salamanders, and a general report on the spiders of the State. Walter J. Schoonmaker has nearly completed his report on the woodchuck, to which he has devoted most of his time recently. Mr Saunders has completed his field studies of the birds of the Allegany State Park in relation to the local, physical and biological conditions. The Director has been a member of the Wild Life Committee of the National Research Council, which has been making a special study of research and education in relation to wild life. Archeology and History. Noah T. Clarke, State Archeologist, has continued his survey of private collections of New York State Indian collections, and has filed a record of the information secured on 65 collections. He has continued his systematic examination of the duplicate material in the Museum collection. Mr Clarke has also completed a report on the history of the preparation of the Iroquois groups. Reference has been made elsewhere to the historic collection. The most important additions have been made to the medical, indus- trial and Shaker collections. Dr Edward D. Andrews’ handbook on the community industries of the Shakers is in proof. The Director has found it necessary to give considerable time to the historical collections, and he has been assisted during the summer months by William L. Lassiter, who has been engaged in cataloging and storing these. MUSEUM COLLABORATORS (Figure 13) In order to encourage cooperation between scientists and scholars of the State and the State Museum, the Regents on April 18, 1929, authorized the Director of the Museum to appoint Collaborators. Dr George H. Hudson was the first to be appointed for the three- year period. His second period expires in June 1934. Dr Ephraim Figure 13 Dr Albert Perry Brigham, Museum Collaborator. Died March 3B 1932 [39] $ - . -•* REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 41 Porter Felt, former State Entomologist of the Museum staff, was appointed. He is completing a paper on the influence of the wind in the dispersal of insects, with Kenyon F. Chamberlain, Assistant State Entomologist. This work was begun when Doctor Felt was State Entomologist. Dr Albert P. Brigham, of Colgate University, whose second term of appointment as Collaborator was to expire September 1934, died on March 31, 1932 in Washington, D. C., where he was consultant in geography at the Library of Congress. He was emeritus professor of geography at Colgate University, and was a member of the Gen- eral Geography Committee of the United States Commission for the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of George Washington. His last published paper, made as Collabo- rator with the State Museum, was Glacial Problems in Central New York (Annals of the Assoc, of Amer. Geographers, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 179-206. 1931). The last extensive study made by Doctor Brigham for the State Museum was Museum Bulletin 280, Glacial Geology and Geographic Conditions of the Lower Mohawk Valley (A Survey of the Amsterdam, Fonda, Gloversville and Broadalbin quadrangles.) Doctor Brigham was a successful college teacher of geology and geography, the author of several successful textbooks and other books, an able geologist and geographer, and was particularly gifted in the cordiality of his relations with other scientists. The recognition of this side of his nature was shown by his colleagues, in the American Association of American Geographers, who devoted a special number of the Annals to expressions of their appreciation (1930, vol. 20, p. 55-104, including a bibliography of his work as a teacher and leader in geography and geology). The loss of such a capable scientist and a man of such outstanding personal charm is deeply regretted by the State Museum. MUSEUM COUNCIL The State Museum Council is an advisory body appointed by the Board of Regents to advance the welfare of the State Museum. A meeting of the Council was called for December 10, 1931, but was postponed because of conflicting appointments of the members. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS Serial Publications. The extensive series of scientific publica- tions of the State Museum over a long period of time has built up an exchange and donation list of publications from all parts of the 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM world. 1 hese are deposited periodically in the State Library and have added greatly to its value. With the cooperation of the State Library, the Assistant Director has formulated a procedure that will assist greatly in maintaining order and responsibility, and the State Library has welcomed this improvement. The Centenary of April 15, 1936. On April 15, 1836, the New York Legislature authorized the establishment of the State Geological Survey, which later led to the present organization of the New York State Museum. This was one of the first geological and natural history surveys in the United States, and was a very early recog- nition that the State Government needed scientific, technical and edu- cational guidance in dealing with its natural resources. The need is even greater today, so that it would be appropriate to commemorate this anniversary in 1936, and to emphasize what has been accom- plished and plan for the Museum’s future development. Personnel Matters. The application of modern Civil Service to the personnel problem of tax-supported museums, has not received much attention in the literature of museums. For this reason the Director prepared a short paper bringing together, in compact form, some of the most important studies applying to New York and the Federal Government. This forms a brief paper — “The Interest of Tax-supported Public Museums in Civil Service Efficiency” (Museum News, vol. 10, p. 6-7, 1933). ANNUAL FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL SUMMARY THE MUSEUM BUDGET The following budget does not include the cost of heat, light, janitor service, orderlies (watchmen), carpenters, painters and ele- vator men. Certain other items also are furnished by the Education Department, such as postage, stationery, express, drayage in part, telegraph and telephone, and are therefore not included in the budget. The traveling expenses have been budgeted so that each member of the scientific staff is able to plan his work to the best advantage. As rapidly as possible it is hoped to extend this system to all expenditures. Gifts of funds and facilities derived from cooperative projects are indicated, in addition to those from the State appropriation. It is impossible to estimate the amount of these funds precisely, since they include the federal franking privilege, cooperation with many individuals, with organizations and with other state departments. Labor, supplies, expert services, use of automobiles etc. have been REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 43 provided by cooperation. Such financial assistance is of the greatest value ; but the funds do not pass through the Museum. The annual and statistical summary for the fiscal year July i, 1931, to June 30, 1932, follows: APPROPRIATIONS AND FUNDS FOR FISCAL YEAR (July 1, 1931 to June 30, 1932) APPROPRIATIONS Salaries : Administrative staff $9 000 00 Permanent scientific staff 31 670 00 Temporary expert services 3 000 00 Scientific assistants 6 980 00 Clerical, labor etc 10 220 00 Total salaries $60 870 00 Equipment and supplies $5 000 00 Traveling (of which not to exceed $200 is available for out-of- state travel) 3 300 00 Printing 10 000 00 Special fund for Sunday opening 1 020 00 $19 320 00 Total budget $80 190 00 GIFT FUNDS AND COOPERATION 1 Repairs to the six Iroquois Indian Groups $150 00 2 Funds supplied by cooperators which can not be estimated accurately Total State Museum expenditures from budget and gifts, exclusive of the assistance of cooperators $80 340 00 DIRECTORY DATA Name of Museum: New York State Museum. Location: Albany, New York, U. S. A. Name of Director: Charles C. Adams. Name of Assistant Director: Alvin G. Whitney. Date of founding: The Museum is the outgrowth of state surveys begun in 1836 ; formal organization of the Museum was effected in 1843. Open to the public: Open week days from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and Sundays from 2 to 5 p. m. (October 4, 1931 to April 24, 1932). Closed on all legal holidays except Labor Day. Total number of hours open to the public for the year: about 2500 Staff: Administrative officers 2 Permanent scientific staff 10 Technical and clerical assistants etc 12 Part-time employes (expert service) 8 Total staff 32 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Salary schedules, 1930-31 : Administrative $3000 to $6000 Scientific professional staff $1720 to $4500 Technical assistants (nonprofessional grade) $1600 to $2000 Hours and vacation: Hours of work a week: 36^. Vacation allowance: 24 working days of 6)4 hours each, and all legal holidays. NEEDS OF THE STATE MUSEUM THE FINANCIAL PROBLEM During the present period of extreme economic stress, it may seem inappropriate to discuss the scientific and educational needs of the State Museum. It is during just such times, however, that the essentials for the conduct of such work should be emphasized. The State Museum went through the recent so-called period of “pros- perity” without sharing in the normal development that should have accompanied the expansion of those activities and industries which are most closely related to the various natural resources, and to whose study the State Museum has given so many years of active work. The State Museum moved into its present quarters on the top floors of the State Education Building in 1912. It has therefore been 20 years in its present location, and a general comparison of its status at intervals during these years, and as of June 30, 1932, will furnish a background for a discussion of its present needs. 1 The total amount paid on regular salaries in 1912 was $35,340, and in 1932 $60,870, an increase of $25,530 in 20 years. During this interval there have been extreme fluctuations in the cost of living and in the purchasing power of the dollar, and scientific and educa- tional institutions, including museums, have undergone one of the greatest periods of expansion in their history, just previous to the slump in 1929. The number of persons on the staff in 1917 was 28, and in 1932 it is 24. 2 Equipment and supplies, traveling expenses and temporary scientific expert services were not segregated from 1912 to 1916, and remained at $10,000. At present the allotment for equipment and supplies is $5000; that for traveling, $3300; and for temporary expert services, $3000. This is an increase of only $1300 in 16 years. During this period the transition has been made from the horse to the automobile, and in spite of the obligation to conduct statewide scientific, economic and educational surveys, no automobile has been provided, which makes an excessive drain on the very REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 45 limited allotment of $3300 for traveling expenses. Other state departments with similar statewide field work have large numbers of automobiles. Between 1918 and 1920 the allotment for equipment and supplies was $5000, and for traveling expenses $2000, except in 1920, when this was increased to $2300. At this time also, the appropriation for temporary scientific services remained at $3000, since 1917, or for 15 years. From 1918 to 1932, 14 years, there has been no increase in funds for equipment and supplies. 3 In order to keep the Museum open on Sunday, from 1912 to 1916, the staff worked without pay, but in 1916 the sum of $2500 was appropriated for payment for this extra service. This amount remained stationary for ten years, until 1926, when it was increased $1000. Of the total, $1020 was allotted to the Museum staff for these services, and the remainder was used for the compensation of other members of the Department concerned with the Sunday opening. There has never been adequate Sunday supervision. 4 The printing allotment in 1926 was $8000. This amount has been insufficient to print all manuscripts. The maximum for printing in recent years was $10,000. The financial summary for the past fiscal year shows that the State Museum budget was about $80,200, to which have been added gifts or donations of funds, $150. Unfortunately the financial value of cooperating agencies cannot be estimated. In the previous Annual Report attention was called to the fact that, considering the broad policy laid down by the law, providing for the State Museum to conduct scientific surveys of the minerals, plants, animals and natural resources of the State, and including as well the history, industries and arts of the State, the budget which has been provided for the past 20 years is wholly inadequate. When we recall that the neighboring state of Pennsylvania spends on its geological survey alone about $67,500 annually, Illinois $125,000, and California about $63,000, we realize that the leading industrial and financial State of the Union has not provided adequately for the much more comprehensive obligations of the State Museum. At present the State Museum budget is about $80,000 less than that which any prosperous city of 100,000 might well provide for the support of a municipal museum. Until the State Museum budget reaches $250,000, it can not function adequately and meet the public needs in any adequate fashion. 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC AND HISTORIC RESERVATIONS No satisfactory policy has been put in practice for the care of state scientific and historic reservations. The present situation is not satisfactory and important opportunities have been and are slipping away. Too often the public looks upon such reservations merely as a passive exhibit and not as an active scientific and educational agency contributing positively to our knowledge and to public education. The State Council of Parks has recommended that these state reservations be transferred to the Education Department for administration. The present passive state policy regarding scientific reservations raises the question as to whether or not this is the best or only method of administering these reservations. Probably several methods should be used. The Director believes that the present method must further be supplemented by privately endowed reser- vations. In the 24th Report of the Director (Mus. Bui. 288, p. 51-56, 1931) a system of reservations for the State Museum was urged. There should be a limited number of these in various parts of the State, so carefully selected as to be worthy of a permanent staff devoted exclusively to local scientific studies that can be advantageously made at such locations. Some of these reservations might well be permanent bases for a variety of scientific work, par- ticularly in the biological sciences. State parks will be suitable for certain kinds of studies, but their aims are so different that they can not be expected to be a substitute for the scientific reservations. These parks have their own scientific problems that require special study. Some of these reservations could be made to serve as important agencies in the encouragement of local scientific work by providing camps and laboratories, similar to that of the Allegany School of Natural History in the Allegany State Park, and by encouraging mature naturalists, teachers and scientists to make them bases for year-round or summer research and constructive work. There are many city laboratories, seaside laboratories and similar facilities for indoor studies, but none whatever for year-round inland, outdoor or field study or research. Such a reservation would not be a school in any sense of the word, but a field base, camp or workshop where productive scientific field work could be conducted advantageously. RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS Cooperative research with various industries has been found to be mutually advantageous. Such cooperation may be conducted by REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 47 several methods. A method that deserves particular commendation is by the establishment of research fellowships. By this method the cooperating agency finances the work of a capable research assistant or fellow, who works under the direction of a member of the State Museum staff on a problem in which the cooperator is particularly interested. The results of such studies are published by the State Museum and are thus made public. In 1929 a fellowship of this kind was initiated with the narcissus bulb growers on Long Island, work- ing under the direction of the State Entomologist. This is a method that could be considerably expanded to advantage. GROUND WATERS RESEARCH As the population of the State increases, the demand for under- ground waters for public and private supplies, as well as for indus- trial use, increases very rapidly. One-half of the public waterworks of the State obtain all or part of their supplies from ground waters. The mode of occurrence, the quality and the quantity of the water are thus of great importance, as was particularly realized during the severe droughts of recent years. Millions of dollars are invested in public water supply plants, and the delivery or sale of water to the consumer makes it one of the most important mineral resources of the State. The products of the mines and quarries for a single year amount to more than $100,000,000' worth of raw materials, and it is not unlikely that the ground waters are worth considerably more than half that amount. Although the State Museum has collected obser- vations and records on this subject for many years, it has never had the funds, men and equipment to make an adequate statewide study of this vital problem. NEW STATE MUSEUM MEMORIAL BUILDING For many years the crowded condition of the State Museum has been regularly emphasized in the Annual Reports. In the 25th Report (Mus. Bui. 293, p. 81-97) a rather full summary was pre- sented of the various proposals which have been made for a new Memorial State Museum building. With the economic depression those plans have been allowed to rest, but at any time that a state program for extensive public works is undertaken to relieve the unemployment situation, the proposed Memorial State Museum building should be included. In anticipation of such a possibility the provisional plans already made should be completed and made ready for utilization. 48 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM TEMPORARY STORAGE SPACE Pending the construction of a new State Museum Memorial building the problem of temporary storage for collections is becom- ing more acute every year. The hallways or corridors have been utilized for storage because there was no adequate provision made for storage when the Education Building was planned, yet this has been discouraged for various reasons. The crowded condition of the storerooms is a menace to the collections and the materials can not be consulted and used. DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM In spite of the preceding statement as to the need of storage space for the Museum collections, it is desirable to inform the public that the State Museum welcomes donations of : 1 Scientific collections of natural history materials, minerals, fossils, rocks, and specimens of plants and animals, particularly when accompanied by scientific data. 2 Historical collections of objects illustrating the history of New York, Indian materials from New York, objects of the Colonial period and the Revolutionary period, household and industrial equip- ment and tools. Materials illustrating the history of the professions are particularly desired, such as illustrate the history of medicine and surgery, dentistry, engineering in its various aspects, and the tools and equipment used in the various trades. Historic objects related to the various wars in which New York has taken an active part are heartily welcomed. In all cases it should be borne in mind that it is primarily New York State material that is sought, because first of all this is a New York State Museum, and also because space is lacking for other materials. Persons contemplating such donations should call at the Museum or write in advance about such proposed donations. The State Museum has no desire to monopolize all such materials, but at present in many localities there are no local organizations able to care properly for such collections ; and the State should give reasonable assistance in preserving them and making them available. ENDOWMENT AND TRUST FUNDS The preceding discussion of the urgent needs of the State Museum reveals the fact that, while the State has done much for the State Museum, it has not fully met the needs of the Museum. Just as the citizens of the State have in the past generously donated much REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 49 valuable material to the Museum, the public should be informed in what ways it may continue to assist. Many persons do not realize that the State Museum, like the universities and other research institutions devoted to advanced learning, have in reserve many important problems that would require more money than the Museum budget provides. It is hoped that private citizens will assist in financing such worthy projects. To make this more definite certain methods of assistance will be listed : 1 Donations of funds to be devoted to special scientific, educational or economic studies. A list of these can be furnished to any seriously interested person. 2 A donation of funds, the income alone of which is to be used to conduct special studies. This kind of a fund would give a fluidity which is particularly lacking under the present budget system. Such funds would enable the Museum to take up certain studies in advance of general public interest and legislative appreciation. 3 The donation of carefully selected tracts of land, suitable for scientific field stations, or for scientific reservations, or important historic sites. Each tract should be provided with an endowment of maintenance. Such tracts could be made of the greatest scientific and educational importance under proper supervision. In this connection attention should be called to the fact that gifts up to 15 per cent of net income, and that all bequests to the Board of Regents of The University of the State of New York in trust for the State Museum, are exempt from federal taxation, under the Federal Revenue Act of 1918. FORM OF BEQUEST I do hereby give and bequeath to the Board of Regents of The University of the State of New York, in trust for the New York State Museum: 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ANNUAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE STATE MUSEUM Publications by the Museum staff for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, or based, at least in part, on the Museum collections, or made in cooperation with the State Museum, follow: Adams, Charles C. 1931 State Museum. 27th Ann. Rep’t of the New York State Educa- tion Department, v. 1, p. 227-31 1932 Twenty-fifth Report of the Director. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 293 : 1— 1 1 1 19320 The Proposals for a New State Museum Building. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 293 :8i-96 Brigham, Albert P. 1931 Glacial Problems in Central New York. Annals Ass’n of Amer. Geogr., 21 : 1 79-206 Clarke, Noah T. 1931 The Wampum Belt Collection of the New York State Museum. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 288 185-121 Glasgow, R. D. 1932 The White Birch Leaf Mining Sawfly in New York. Jour. Econ. Ent., 25:693-95 Goldring, Winifred 1931 Handbook of Paleontology for Beginners and Amateurs, Part II: The Formations. N. Y. State Mus. Handbook, 10:1-488 Hannan, W. E. & Lambert, June 1932 The Development of the New York State Museum as Provided by the Laws of New York State, 1836 to 1931. N. Y. State Bui., 293 159-80 Hotchkiss, Neil 1932 A Botanical Survey of the Tug Hill Plateau. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 287:1-123 House, H. D. 1932 Let Wild Flowers Grow. Hobbies, 12:188-93 Hudson, G. H. 1931 The Fault Systems of the Northern Champlain Valley, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:5-80 Hudson, G. H. & Cushing, H. P. 1931a The Dike Invasion of the Champlain Valley, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:81-112 Metcalf:, C. L. 1932 Black Flies and Other Biting Flies of the Adirondacks. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 289:1-58 Metcalf, C. L. & Sanderson, W. E. 1932 Control of Biting Flies in the Adirondacks. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 289:59-78 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 51 Newland, D. H. 1931 An Occurrence of Peridotite Near Ogdensburg, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:113-18 Newland, D. H. & Hartnagel, C. A 1932 The Mining and Quarry Industries of New York State for 1927 to 1929. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 295 :3~99 1932a Review of the Natural Gas and Petroleum Developments in New York State. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 295:101-84 1932b Recent Natural Gas Developments in South-Central New York. N. Y. State Mus. Cir., 7:1-20 Ruedemann, Rudolf 1931 Age and Origin of the Siderite and Limonite of the Burden Iron Mines Near Hudson, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:135-52 _ 1931a The Tangential Master-Streams of the Adirondack Drainage. Amer. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., 22:431-40 1931b Some New Middle Cambrian Fossils from British Columbia. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:1-18 1932 Development of Drainage of Catskills. Amer. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., 23 -337-49 Ruedemann, Rudolf, & Goldring, Winifred 1931 Some Museum Methods Developed in the New York State Museum. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 288:71-83 Schoonmaker, W. J. 1932 Our Emblem: The American Eagle. Univ. of State of New York Bulletin to the Schools, 18, no. 13:195-96 1932a Pond Dwellers. Trails, 1, no. 2:11-12 17 brief popular articles in Nat. Humane Review, vol. 19, 1931, and vol. 20, 1932 Smith, Burnett 1931 Notes on the Clintonville Dikes, Onondaga County, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:119-26 Ulrich, E. O. & Ruedemann, R. 1931 Are the Graptolites Bryozoans? Bui. Geol. Soc. Amer., 42:589-604 von Engeln, O. D. 1931 A Preglacial or Interglacial Gorge Near Seneca Lake, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui., 286:127-34 Whitney, Elsie G. 1932 Wayside Weeds. Univ. of State of New York Bulletin to the Schools, 18, no. 14:225-27 5 2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM MUSEUM ACCESSIONS FOR THE YEAR Accessions are new additions to the Museum. These are classified into the following groups : 1 By donation: objects presented to the Museum 2 By exchange : for other Museum materials etc. 3 By purchase : payment from the Museum budget 4 By the staff : collected by the staff during official duties of any kind 5 By transfer, from other state departments or other divisions of the State Government, as provided by law. Gifts to scientific and educational institutions are listed at the end of this section. BY DONATION Allen, Dr Charles E., Albany, N. Y. Old dentist turnkey Andrews, Buel C., Albany, N. Y. Plains Indian-tanned Buffalo robe bearing colored picturegraphs Baker and Williams Company, New York, N. Y. Specimens of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne Fab., New York, N. Y. Banker, Dr S. J., Fort Edward, N. Y. Fee lists Barber, Dr Annetta E., Glens Falls, N. Y. Certificate of membership License of Dr Leonard Spraye Old lancet in paper case Blatner, Dr Leroy S., Albany, N. Y. Dentist turnkey Bosworth, William L., Coleman Station, N. Y. Specimen of caterpillar of imperial moth, Basilona imperialis Dru., Coleman Station, N. Y. Boyce, W. H., Bronxville, N. Y. Specimens of willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi L., Bronxville, N. Y. Braasch, George E., Mount Vernon, N. Y. Specimens of blister beetle, Epicauta marginata Fab., Mount Vernon, N. Y. Bradt, Gay, Highland, N. Y. Fragment of inscribed slate, Highland, N. Y. Britton, Dr Knox, Spencerport, N. Y. 16 surgical instruments Buckley, Mrs Horton, Wassaic, N. Y. Specimens of sycamore lace bug, Corythuca ciliata Say, Wassaic, N. Y. Cady, Dr George, Nichols, N. Y. Large stone Indian mortar, Nichols, N. Y. Cadwallader, Wayne, New York, N. Y. Specimens of larvae of Box leaf miner, Sea Bright, N. J. Cameron, Byron A., Upper Saranac, N. Y. Plant lice (family Aphididae) in spruce, Upper Saranac, N. Y. Clark, D. C., Malverne, N. Y. Specimen of egg-mass of praying mantid, Paratenodera sinensis Sauss., Malverne, N. Y. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 53 Colburn, William B., Rensselaerville, N. Y. Photograph of Cherokee Indian burial at Elizabethton, Tenn. 21 mineral specimens Cole, Mrs Frank, Coxsackie, N. Y. Specimens of locust bug, Lop-idea robiniae Uhler, Coxsackie, N. Y. Combs, Charles D., Monroe, N. Y. Grooved ax, Monroe, N. Y. Cook, David B., Albany, N. Y. Specimens of powder post beetle, Lyctus opaculus, Lee., Stephentown, N. Y. Specimens of ground beetle, Carabus memoralis Mull., Albany, N. Y. 2 specimens of spruces from Herkimer County, N. Y. Cross, C. B., Larchmont, N. Y. Specimen of Prionus laticollis Dru., Larchmont, N. Y. Dake, Mrs Frank W., Watervliet, N. Y. Loom of weaver Account book of weaver Davis, Mrs Edward E., Norwich, N. Y. io flint implements; I arrowpoint; 4 2 flint fragments, Chenango Lake, N. Y. 3 scrapers and 26 rejects, Canadarago Lake, N. Y. 4 arrowpoints, Chenango County, N. Y. 2 flint drills, 3 spearpoints, 9 arrowpoints, N. W. Oregon 5 arrowpoints and stone knife from vicinity of Smyrna and Earlville, N. Y. 3 arrowpoints, 3 rejects, Smyrna, N. Y. A large collection of fossils collected by Edward E. Davis, and many scientific books Davis, Edward E., Norwich, N. Y. 185 specimens of plants, Chenango County, N. Y. Dederick, P. K., Loudonville, N. Y. Specimens of termites, Reticulitermes flavipes Koll., Loudonville, N. Y. Dobbin, Frank, Shushan, N. Y. 200 specimens of plants, mostly from Washington county, N. Y. Dorn, David R., Cooperstown, N. Y. Worked black bear metapoidal, Ephratah, N. Y. Eaton, E. H., Geneva, N. Y. 2 specimens of plants from western New York Fairbanks, Mrs L. B., Bainbridge, N. Y. 55 specimens of plants from Chenango county, N. Y. Felt, Dr E. P., Stamford, Conn. Specimens of bark beetle, Xyleborus germanus Blandf., Oyster Bay, N. Y. Fifield, P. T., Berlin, N. Y. Specimens of white grub ( Phyllophaga ) infested with Cordiceps fungus, Berlin, N. Y. Foerste, Dr A. F., Dayton, Ohio 2 specimens of Pterygometopus carleyi, Cincinnati, Ohio Follett, Louis E., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 2 hammerstones ; 6 scrapers ; 1 ceremonial stone ; 5 arrowpoints ; 3 blades ; 1 drill; 1 worked stone, Fish Creek, N. Y. Foote, Margaret, Norwich, N. Y. Sample of flax Frederick, J. H., Schenectady, N. Y. Specimens of fruit bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz., Schenectady, N. Y. Fuller, A. F., Schenectady, N. Y. Brachiopods, Schoharie Valley, N. Y. Gabriel, Fred C., Malta, Mont. 60 flat netsinkers ; 4 grooved netsinkers ; 16 hammerstones ; 3 celts ; 2 stone pestles ; 5 fragments of stone pestles ; 23 pitted stones, 3 mullers, Glen Eldridge, Seneca Lake, N. Y. 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Gilbert, L. A., Hempstead, N. Y. Specimens of Japanese garden beetle, Aserica castanea Arrow, Garden City, L. I., N. Y. Specimens of bag worm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw.; Taxus weevil, Brachyrhinus sulcatus Fab. ; leaf beetle, Colaspis brunnea Fab. ; Rose curculio, Rhynchites vicolor Fab. ; Japanese beetle, Popillia japon- ica Newn. ; tortoise beetle, Chelymorpha cassidea Fab., Flushing, L. I., N. Y. Graves, George S., Newport. N. Y. Specimen of Serapias helleborine, Herkimer county, N. Y. Griffin, Evelyn M., Hancock, Mass. Shaker sampler Grover, Mrs W. A., Armonk, N. Y. Specimen of rhubarb curculio, Lixus concensus Say, Armonk, N. Y. Hallock, Helen E„ Flanders, N. Y. Specimens of bean weevil, Mylabris obtecta Say, Flanders, N. Y. Hampshire, John, Rensselaer, N. Y. Specimens of spotted grapevine beetle, Pelidnota punctata L., Rensselaer, N. Y. Harper, Lawrence, Albany, N. Y. Specimen of Favosites, Helderberg Mountains, N. Y. Harrington, A. V., Argyle, N. Y. Specimen of click beetle, Hemicrepidius decoloratus Say, Argyle, N. Y. Hassard, Mrs B. J., Albany, N. Y. Specimens of larvae of Leconte’s sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei Fitch, Albany, N. Y. Henry, Mrs Isabel, Woodstock, Vt. Medical diploma of S. W. Watts Pocket surgical knife Family receipt book Hicks, L. E., Columbus Ohio ii specimens of plants, Allegany State Park, N. Y. Hilfinger, Alexander, Fort Edward, N. Y. 8 specimens of stoneware pottery Hooker, A. H., Lewiston, N. Y. 6 osteological specimens from ossuary two miles east of Lewiston, N. Y. Horton, Theodore, Albany, N. Y. Pocket surgical case and tools Kellogg, F. B., Northport, N. Y. Specimens of lilac branches showing work of European hornet, Vespa crabro L., Northport, N. Y. Korchak, Paul, Binghamton, N. Y. Coins from Czechoslovakia Lassiter, William L., Albany, N. Y. 52 specimens of plants, Long Island, N. Y. 10 Shaker photographs Latham, Roy, Orient, N. Y. 6 specimens of Dermestes nidmn Arrow, Orient, N. Y. 65 specimens of miscellaneous beetles, Orient, N. Y. Specimen of Chlaenius tomentosus Say, Orient, N. Y. Littlefield, E. W., Albany, N. Y. 3 specimens of plants, Albany, N. Y. Love, H. D„ West Winfield, N. Y. Specimens of blister beetle, Pomphopoea sayi Lee., West Winfield, N. Y. Love, J. L., Ann Arbor, Mich. Specimen of PolyporuX from Michigan Lynch, Dr Leo F., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 24 specimens of miscellaneous insects, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. McCabe, Dr Charles, Greenville, N. Y. 5 old surgical instruments McDonald, Mrs Hartwell, Corinth, N. Y. Specimens of butterflies, Vanessa cardui L., Corinth, N. Y. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 55 Miller, Elihu S., Wading River, N. Y. 2 dints from dintlock gun Mott, D. B., Great Neck. N. Y. Specimens of elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Mull., Great Neck, N. Y. Neale, Sister Emma, Mount Lebanon, N. Y. Copy Harper’s New Monthly, 1857 Neale, Sister Sadie, Mount Lebanon, N. Y. 36 Shaker articles Perkins, Dr Anne E., Gowanda, N. Y. 4 2 specimens of plants from western New York Phelps, Oliver, Canandaigua, N. Y. Old wooden bath tub Phelps, Mrs Orra P., Wilton, N. Y. 2 specimens of plants from the Adirondack mountains Ralyea, L. J., Alexander, N. Y. Specimen of owl beetle, Alaus oculatus L., Alexander, N. Y. Resser, Dr Charles E., Washington, D. C. 7 specimens of Billingsella pepina, Grand Teton, Wyoming-Idaho State Line Rood, C. A., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Specimens of elm lace bug, Corythuca ulmi Dr. and Osb., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Sanford, Dr J., Rochester, N. Y. Sponge, Eighteen Mile Creek, N. Y. Schamer, Frederick, Rensselaer, N. Y. Specimens of Cecropia moth, Samia cecropia L., Rensselaer, N. Y. Schoonmaker, W. J., Rensselaer, N. Y. Collection of birds and small mammals, Rensselaer and Columbia coun- ties, N. Y. Collection of skulls, including eight deer skulls and six deer hoofs from the Adirondack mountains Shattuck, Myra L., Norwich, N. Y. Sample old homespun woolen blanket Old umbrella, formerly property of John S. Shattuck Sherman, Frank, Schenectady, N. Y. Flatiron holder Wooden homemade clothespin Sherwood, Warren G., Highlands, N. Y. 81 specimens illustrating early American home industry Shields, J. S., Albany, N. Y. Specimens of Chironomid midge, Clinton, N. Y. Siebrecht, H. A., New Rochelle, N. Y. Specimens of Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna corrupta Muls., New Rochelle, N. Y. Smith, Sister Alice, Pittsfield, Mass. 7 Shaker articles Smith, Florence, Lake Placid, N. Y. Specimens of burrower bugs, Sehirus cinctus P. de Beauv., Lake Placid, N. Y. Smith, Frank W., Saranac Lake, N. Y. Specimens of Sciaphilus muricatus Fab., Saranac Lake, N. Y. Smith, Silas, Glens Falls, N. Y. Front seat to sleigh Ox-team and tongue Old fireplace screen Wagon seat with folding back Spaulding, Perley, Amherst, Mass. Specimen of wood-inhabiting fungus, Amherst, Mass. Stickney, Sister Prudence, Sabbathday Lake, Me. ’ 3 Shaker articles Sweet, Dr W. H., Petersburg, N. Y. Specimens of squash bug, Anasa tristis DeG., Petersburg, N. Y. 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Van Alstine, Dr Chauncey D., Weedsport, N. Y. Collection of dental tools Van Campen, M. S., Schenectady, N. Y. Specimen of dogbane leaf beetle, Chrysochue auratus Fab., Schenectady, N. Y. Vander Veer, Dr James N., Albany, N. Y. 3 old dental instruments Framed photograph of executive committee of General Medical Board Van Horn, Cornelius F., through Mrs William H. Brown, Albany, N. Y. Old stoneware salt jar Van Slyke, Dr A. W., Coxsackie, N. Y. Arrowpoint and scraper, West Coxsackie, N. Y. Van Wie, H. J., Port Byron, N. Y. 3 Algonquin potsherds from Howland’s Island Game Refuge, Cayuga county, N. Y. Vesper, J. P., Fort Bliss, Texas 9 mineral specimens Vink, Miss Gertrude, Kings Park, N. Y. Specimens of European willow gall midge and work of same, Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk., Kings Park, N. Y. Virkler, S. F., Castorland, N. Y. Specimens of spider beetle, Ptinus fur L., Castorland, N. Y. Volz, Mrs L. E., Massena, N. Y. 8 specimens of plants from St Lawrence county, N. Y. Wardell, Miss Beatrice, Northfield, Minn. Specimens of vagabond poplar gall, Mordwilkoja vagabundus Walsh, Northfield, Minn. Watervliet Shakers, Watervliet, N. Y. List of garden seeds Wells, Sister Jennie, Mount Lebanon, N. Y. 5 Shaker articles Whitbeck, George, Albany, N. Y. Specimens of lantern-fly, Ormenis pruinosa Say, Albany, N. Y. Williams, George W., Silver Bay, N. Y. Specimens of strawberry crown girdler, Brachyrhinus ovatus L., Silver Bay, N. Y. Winnie, Dr Charles, Albany, N. Y. Menu of Banquet of Medical Society Winter, W. F., Schenectady, N. Y. Shaker chair catalogue Herb preparation boxes from Shakers, Mount Lebanon, N. Y. Wood, Harry C., Schenectady, N. Y. Specimen of sawyer beetle, Monochamus notatus Dru., Schenectady, N. Y. Zenkert, C. A., Buffalo, N. Y. 15 specimens of plants from western New York Zimmer, C. H., New York, N. Y. Specimens of blister beetle, Epicauta marginata Fab., New York, N. Y. Zodac, Peter, Peekskill, N. Y. 2 specimens of molybdenite from Roa Hook near Peekskill, N. Y. BY EXCHANGE Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. 93 specimens of fungi Muenscher, W. C., Ithaca, N. Y. 150 specimens of plants from northern New York New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City 1865 specimens of plants from E. P. Bicknell herbarium Reinholt, O. H., Oneonta, N. Y. 2 Eurypterids, Kenwood, N. Y. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 57 BY PURCHASE Andrews, Edward D., Pittsfield, Mass. 75 Shaker articles Clark, Mrs Emery, Buskirk, N. Y. Portable furnace Cowdery, W. H., Nederland, Colo. 5 ferberite crystals from the “Sunday” mine situated at the southern edge of the tungsten belt of Boulder county, Colo., from a depth of 8o feet Crofut, Ferris, Albany, N. Y. Steatite pipe, Van Wie’s Point, N. Y. Ehrmann, Martin L., Hartsdale, N. Y. Figured vase, carved from rose quartz, Bedford, N. Y. North Family Shakers, Mount Lebanon, N. Y. 24 Shaker articles Phelps, Mrs Orra Parker, Gansevoort, N. Y. 2 specimens of Edrioaster saratogensis, Saratoga county, N. Y. Pittsfield Shakers, Pittsfield, Mass. 227 Shaker articles Reinhard, E., Buffalo, N. Y. 17 fossils, Buffalo, N. Y. Blastoid, Athol Springs, N. Y. Smith, Sister Alice, Pittsfield, Mass. 25 Shaker articles Turrell, Luella, Red Wood Falls, Minn. 4 old family articles Ward’s Natural Science Establishment, Rochester, N. Y. 4 cystids, Lake Adolphus, B. C. Cystid, Millard county, Utah BY MUSEUM STAFF Adams, Charles C., Albany, N. Y. Fragment of spearpoint from Sharpe’s grove, North Greenbush, N. Y. Specimens of rhinoceros beetle, Xyloryctes satyrus Fab., Long Island, N. Y. Adams, Charles C. and Glasgow, R. D., Albany, N. Y. 4 hickory saplings heavily infested by the hickory snout beetle, Magdalis olyra, which had been closely worked over by woodpeckers Adams, Charles C. and Sanderson, W. E., Albany, N. Y. 70 potsherds ; 8 fragments of animal bones ; 4 fragments of mussel shells ; 8 stone chips, Ephratah, N. Y. Arnold, Dr Benjamin Walworth, Albany, N. Y. Collection of Echinoderms Casey, John L., Albany, N. Y Specimen of crane-fly, Albany, N. Y. Chamberlain, K. F., Albany, N. Y. 82 specimens of miscellaneous insects, Wemple Station, N. Y. Specimens of pine bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens Lee., Albany, N. Y. 198 specimens of Scotch pine anomala, Ballston Spa, N. Y. Specimens of larvae of Pales weevil, Hylobius pales Boh., Ballston Spa, N. Y. Specimens of fungus gnats, Albany, N. Y. 12 specimens of carabid beetles, Round Lake, N. Y. Specimens of dogbane leaf beetle, Chrysochus auratus Fab., Albany, N. Y. Specimens of click beetle, Ballston Spa, N. Y. Specimens of miscellaneous insects, Ballston Spa, N. Y. Specimens of round-headed apple borer, Saperda Candida Fab., Feura Bush, N. Y. 134 specimens of miscellaneous insects affecting black locust, Albany, N. Y. 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Clarke, Noah T., Albany, N. Y. Male Indian skeleton containing embedded arrowpoint in the third lumbar vertebra, Coxsackie, N. Y. 7 arrowpoints ; 5 scrapers ; stone hoe ; semilunar knife ; 12 flint fragments, and hammerstone from near Grangerville, Saratoga county, N. Y. Net sinker; 2 deer bones; 2 flint scrapers; 4 arrowpoints; 36 flint imple- ments, and drill fragment from Howland’s Island Game Refuge, Cayuga county, N. Y. Glasgow, R. D., Albany, N. Y. Many thousands of black fly larvae, pupae and adults, (Simulium) , Chub Hill, Franklin Falls, Keene, Lake Placid, North Elba, Stony Wold, Wil- mington and Witherbee, N. Y. Many thousands of larvae, pupae, adults, eggs and representative specimens of injury by European larch case bearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn., Bloomingdale, Chub Hill, Duane Center, Mount Vernon, North Elba, Saranac Lake, Scarsdale, Warrensburg, and Wilmington, N. Y. Many specimens, larvae, pupae, adults and characteristic injury by Euro- pean birch leaf mining sawfly, Phyllotoma memorata Fallen, North Elba, N. Y. Many hundreds of specimens of larvae, pupae, adults, and injury by Euro- pean pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana Hubner, from Westchester county, N. Y. Numerous specimens of maple and oak twig pruner and its work, West- bury, N. Y. Many specimens of the juniper webworm, larvae, pupae, and work, Garden City, N. Y. Many specimens of round Goldenrod gall, Eurosta solidaginis Fitch, John Boyd Thacher State Park Goldring, Winifred, and Ruedemann, Rudolf, Albany, N. Y. 20 corals from Onondaga county, N. Y. Hartnagel, Albany, N. Y. 5 specimens of garnetiferous gneiss and associated dike rock, Yosts, N. Y. Specimen of chatter marks on glaciated Potsdam sandstone, near Plessis, N. Y. 6 specimens of igneous dike specimens from dikes in limestone, at quarry operated by Plattsburg Limestone Company, one mile north of Platts- burg, N. Y, 6 specimens of anthracite from New York State quarry, Canajoharie, N. Y. 10 specimens of anorthosite and related rocks from new highway cuts between Elizabethtown and Keeseville, N. Y. 30 specimens of garnet with associated rocks from Barton garnet mine near North River, N. Y. 6 specimens of “black marble” from Glens Falls limestone, Glens Falls, N. Y. 2 specimens of gabbro and feldspar from large roadside exposure between Lake George and Warrensburg, N. Y. House, Homer D., Albany, N. Y. Specimen of grasshopper, Pardalophora apiculata Harr., Malta, N. Y. Specimen of Prasocuris obliquata Lee., from blossoms of Ranunculus delphinifolius, Wemple Station, N. Y. Specimens of miscellaneous insects, New Salem, N. Y. 1019 specimens of ferns and flowering plants ; 84 specimens of fungi ; 36 specimens of mosses and lichens collected in New York State Newland, D. H., Albany, N. Y. Rutile in chloritic schist near Pylesville, Md. Ruedemann, Rudolf, Albany, N. Y. Specimen showing Little Falls-Lowville contact, Newport, N. Y. Brachiopods, Middleville, N. Y. 3 gastropods, Tribes Hill, N. Y. Specimen of Lowville limestone, Newport, N. Y. 5 specimens of Tribes Hill limestone, Fort Hunter, N. Y. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 59 Schoonmaker, W. J., Albany, N. Y. Specimens of water beetle, Hydrous triangularis Say, Defreestville, N. Y. Whitney, Elsie G., Albany, N. Y. 950 plant specimens from 12 counties in New York State BY TRANSFER New York State Library, through Dr J. I. Wyer, Albany, N. Y. 3 photographs of cephalopods GIFTS TO INSTITUTIONS Schenectady High School, Schenectady, N. Y. Collection of rocks, minerals and fossils ■ . _ INDEX Accessions, 52 Adams, Charles C., cited, 50 Administrative problems, 41 Allegany School of Natural History, 13 Animals, studies on, 38 Annual financial and statistical sum- mary, 42 Appropriations, 43 Archeology, activities in, 38 Attendance, 17 Bequest, form of, 49 Bibliography, 50-51 Brigham, Dr Albert P., por., 39 ; cited, 50 Budget, 42 Building, new, need for, 47 Centenary of 1936, plans for, 42 Clarke, Noah T., cited, 50 Collaborators, 38 Collections, historical, 20 ; Shaker, 27 ; study, 18 Colleges, relation of museum to, 17 Cooperation with other organizations, 10 Directory data, 43 Donations, 52-56; museum welcomes, 48 Drafting, 19 Endowment funds, 48 Exchanges, list, 56 Exhibition halls, condition, 18 Exhibits, condition of, 18 Fellowships, research, 46 Financial problem, 44 Financial summary, 42 Funds, 43 ; endowment and trust funds, 48 Geology, activities in, 35 Gifts, list, 52-56 Glasgow, R. D., cited, 50 Goldring, Winifred, cited, 50 Ground waters research, 47 Hannan, W. E. & Lambert, June, cited, 50 Historic reservations, 46 Historical collections, 20 History, activities in, 38 Hotchkiss, Neil, cited, 50 House, H. D., cited, 50 Hudson, G. H., cited, 50 Hudson, G. H. & Cushing, H. P., cited, 50 Information and publicity, 18 Insects, studies of, 37 Metcalf, C. L., cited, 50 Metcalf, C. L. & Sanderson, W. E., cited, 50 Museum, needs, 44 Museum building, new, need for, 47 Museum Council, 41 Needs of the Museum, 44 Newland, D. H., cited, 51 Newland, D. H. & Hartnagel, C. A., cited, 51 Parks, State Council of, cooperation with, 12 Personnel matters, 42; see also Staff Photography, 19 Plants, studies of, 36 Powder horns, catalog of, 28 Printing, 19 Publications, 19; list, 50; serial, 41 Publicity, 18 Purchases, list, 57 Research, ground waters, 47 Research fellowships, 46 Reservations, scientific and historic, 46 Ruedemann, Rudolf, cited, 51 Ruedemann, Rudolf, & Goldring, Winifred, cited, 51 Salaries of staff, 44 Schools, relation of museum to, 17 [61] 6 2 Index Schoonmaker, W. J., cited, 51 Scientific reservations, 46 Scientific staff and its activities, 28 Serial publications, 41 Shaker collection, 27 Smith, Burnett, cited, 51 Staff, accessions from, 57; directory data, 43 ; salaries and expenses, 44 ; scientific, activities, 28 State and other organizations, co- operation with, 10 State Council of Parks, cooperation with, 12 State Museum Council, 41 Statistical summary, 42 Storage space, need of, 48 Study collections, condition of, 18 Summary, financial and statistical, 42 Summary of the year’s work, 9 Trust funds, 48 Ulrich, E. O. & Ruedemann, R., cited, 51 Visitors, 17 von Engeln, O. D., cited, 51 Whitney, Elsie G., cited, 51 New York Botanical Garden Library 1 III i i 1 III III r 51 85 ' D033£ * C )04 3