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NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF- 687

Annotated Bibliography on the Biology of the Menhadens, Genus Brevoortia, 1963-1973

JOHN W. REINTJES and PEGGY M. KENEY

Seattle, WA April 1975

noa@a NATIONAL OCEANIC AND National Marine ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Fisheries Service

NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS

National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report—Fisheries Series

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NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from D83, Technical Information Division, Environmental Science Information Center, NOAA, Washington, D.C. 20235. Recent SSRF’s are:

619. Macrozooplankton rea small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By Donald S. Day, January 1971, iii + 94 pp., 19-figs., 13 tables. ;

620. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Part [X: The sea-level wind field and wind stress values, July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iii + 66

pp., 5 figs.

621. Predation by sculpins on fall chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fry of hatchery origin. By Benjamin G. Patten. February 1971, iii + 14 pp., 6 figs., 9 tables.

622. Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods Hole, Massachusetts, September 1961 to December 1962. By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. February 1971, iii + 15 pp., 3 figs., 19 tables.

623. Apparent abundance, distribution, and migrations of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, on the North Pacific longline grounds. By Brian J. Rothschild and Marian Y. Y. Yong. September 1970, v + 37 pp., 19 figs., 5 tables.

624. Influence of mechanical processing on the quality and yield of bay scallop meats. By N. B. Webb and F. B. Thomas. April 1971, iii + 11 pp., 9 figs., 3 tables.

625. Distribution of salmon and related oceanographic features in the North Pacific Ocean, spring 1968. By Robert R. French, Richard G. Bakkala, Masanao Osako, and Jun Ito. March 1971, iii + 22 pp., 19 figs., 3 tables.

626. Commercial fishery and biology of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium, in the Lower St. Paul River, Liberia, 1952-53. By George C. Miller. February 1971, iii + 13 pp., 8 figs., 7 tables.

627. Calico scallops of the Southeastern United States, 1959-69. By Robert Cummins, Jr. June 1971, iii + 22 pp., 23 figs., 3 tables.

628. Fur Seal Investigations, 1969. By NMFS, Marine Mammal Biological Laboratory. August 1971, 82 pp., 20 figs., 44 tables, 23 appendix A tables, 10 appendix B tables.

629. Analysis of the operations of seven Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishing vessels, June- August 1967. By Richard N. Uchida and Ray F. Sumida. March 1971, v + 25 pp., 14 figs., 21 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Of- fice, Washington, D.C. 20402.

630. Blue crab meat. I. Preservation by freezing. July 1971, iii + 13 pp., 5 figs., 2 tables. Il. Effect of chemical treatments on acceptability. By Jurgen H. Strasser, Jean S. Lennon, and Frederick J. King. July 1971, iii + 12 pp., 1 fig., 9 tables.

631. Occurrence of thiaminase in some common aquatic animals of the United States and Canada. By R. A. Greig and R. H. Gnaedinger. July 1971, iii + 7 pp., 2 tables.

632. An annotated bibliography of attempts to rear the larvae of marine fishes in the laboratory. By Robert C. May. August 1971, iii + 24 pp., 1 appendix I table, 1 appendix II table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

633. Blueing of processed crab meat. Il. Identification of some factors involved in the blue discoloration of canned crab meat Callinectes sapidus. By Melvin E. Waters. May 1971, iii + 7 pp., 1 fig., 3 tables.

634. Age composition, weight, length, and sex of herring, Clupea pallasii, used for reduc- tion in Alaska, 1929-66. By Gerald M. Reid. July 1971, iii + 25 pp., 4 figs., 18 tables.

Continued on inside back cover.

635. A bibliography of the blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson). By Grant ity, Beardsley and David C. Simmons, August 1971, 10 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. :

636. Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker R. C. Stoner. By Reginald M. — Gooding. May 1971, iii + 12 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of — Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. {

637. Occurrence of larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. By Donnie L. Dudley and Mayo H. Judy. August 1971, iii + 10 pp., 1'fig., 5 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

638. Length-weight relations of haddock from commercial landings in New England, — 1931-55. By Bradford E. Brown and Richard C. Hennemuth. August 1971, v + 13 pp., 16 — figs., 6 tables, 10 appendix A tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. — Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. ’ 639. A hydrographic survey of the Galveston Bay system, Texas 1963-66. By E. J. Pullen, © W. L. Trent, and G. B. Adams. October 1971, v + 13 pp., 15 figs., 12 tables. For sale by the _ Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

640. Annotated bibliography on the fishing industry and biology of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. By Marlin E. Tagatz and Ann Bowman Hall. August 1971, 94 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. ‘

641. Use of threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, as live bait during experimental pole- and-line fishing for skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, in Hawaii. By Robert T: B. — Iversen. August 1971, iii + 10 pp., 3 figs., 7 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

642. Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus resource and fishery—analysis of decline. By Kenneth A. Henry. August 1971, v + 32 pp., 40 figs., 5 appendix figs., 3 tables, 2 appendix tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 4

643. Surface winds of the southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. By John M. Steignerand _ Merton C. Ingham. October 1971, iii + 20 pp., 17 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. i

644. Inhibition of flesh browning and skin color fading in frozen fillets of yelloweye snapper (Lutzanus vivanus). By Harold C. Thompson, Jr., and Mary H. Thompson February 1972, iii + 6 pp., 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.

Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. q

645. Traveling screen for removal of debris from rivers. By Daniel W. Bates, Ernest W. Murphey, and Martin G. Beam. October 1971, iii + 6 pp., 6 figs., 1 table. For sale by th Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

646. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the Columbia and Snake Rivers in 1970 an their effect on chinook salmon and steelhead trout. By Wesley J. Ebel. August 1971, iii + 7 pp., 2 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Governmer Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. " 647. Revised annotated list of parasites from sea mammals caught off the west coast North America. By L. Margolis and M. D. Dailey. March 1972, iii + 23 pp. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. >

NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF- 687

Annotated Bibliography on the Biology of the Menhadens, Genus Brevoortia, 1963-1973

JOHN W. REINTJES and PEGGY M. KENEY

SEATTLE. WA April 1975

UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND National Marine DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE We ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Fisheries Service ro} Robert M. White, Administrator Robert W. Schoning, Director a

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends

or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication.

Annotated Bibliography on the Biology of the Menhadens, Genus Brevoortia, 1963-1973

JOHN W. REINTJES and PEGGY M. KENEY'

ABSTRACT

A bibliography that consists of 444 references on the classification, distribution, abun- dance, life history, and ecology of American menhadens, genus Brevoortia. Included are references to menhaden published from 1963 through 1973 with those references published prior to 1963 that were omitted from menhaden bibliographies by Reintjes et al. (1960) and Reintjes (1964a). Brief annotations and a subject index are included.

INTRODUCTION

This bibliography is a continuation of those compiled by Reintjes et al. (1960) on the biology of the American menhadens and by Reintjes (1964a) on the menhadenlike fishes of the world. The literature in- cluded in this work includes the references published from 1963 through 1973 with those references publish- ed before 1963 that were omitted from the two bibliographies mentioned.

In reviewing the literature certain subject areas were used to decide which references should be listed. Included, in general, were references to taxonomy, distribution, occurrence, abundance, life history, morphology, ecology, and behavior. Excluded, generally, were references on the technological aspects of the fishery and the processing industry; daily, monthly, and annual landing reports and statistics;

popular accounts in trade journals, newspapers, and.

magazines; and administrative and project reports. Mimeographed or similarly processed reports of an es- tablished series and special reports principally con-

‘Atlantic Estuarine Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516.

cerned with the biology of menhaden have been in- cluded as well as doctoral dissertations and master’s theses that contained information on menhaden biology.

Arrangement of the references is alphabetical by author’s surname. With multiple authors, the entry is made only under the senior author’s name. Each author’s works are listed chronologically by year of publication and those published in the same year are given alphabetical sequence by title. Anonymous ar- ticles are listed by the name of the journal or the originating agency.

Brief annotations of the contents of the publications that apply to menhaden and the scientific names of the species of Brevoortia concerned are given. This annotation is not done to make value judgments of the papers but to give clearer descriptions of the contents than can be obtained from their titles.

We acknowledge the help we received from Ann B. Hall, librarian, and the menhaden research staff of the Atlantic Estuarine Fisheries Center.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ahlstrom, Elbert H. 1968. Development of fishes of the Chesapeake Bay region, an

atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages, Part 1 by

Alice J. Mansueti and Jerry D. Hardy, Jr. Copeia, 1968,

MMOs Sis p- 648-651. A review of the book including a discussion of larval clupeid development with particular reference to the Atlantic menhaden.

Alperin, Irwin M.

1966. A new parasite of striped bass. New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 121-123.

Isopod parasite, Livonica, in menhaden mouth. Alperin, Irwin M. 1967. Notes concerning the occurrence of the snakefish (Trachinocephalus myops) in Long Island waters. New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 86-88.

Cites Arnold (1951) reference to lizard fish feeding on small menhaden.

Altman, Philip L., and Dorothy S. Dittmer.

1964. Biology data book. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Washington, D.C., 633 p.

Physical and chemical characteristics of fats and oils of

B. tyrannus.

Altman, Philip L., and Dorothy S. Dittmer.

1966. Environmental biology. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland, 694 p.

Salinity tolerance of B. smithi from Gunter and Hall (1963).

Alverson, F. G., and G. C. Broadhead.

1971. International trade - fish meal. United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization, UNDP Indian Ocean Program, IOFC/DEV/71/17, 42 p.

Menhaden fishery production discussed. Anderson, William W.

1968. Fishes taken during shrimp trawling along the South Atlantic coast of the United States, 1931-35. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 570, 60 p.

Number of Brevoortia by month. Anderson, William W., and Jack W. Gehringer.

1965. Biological-statistical census of the species entering fisheries in the Cape Canaveral area. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries NOlep OLA wap).

Monthly landings of menhaden (genus Brevoortia) in the Cape Canaveral area 1959-62. Also incidental catch of menhaden in shrimp trawls by number of fish per hour and total by months.

Arnold, Hdgar Wi.,, Jn.

1951. Northward dispersal of warm-water marine fishes in southern New England during the summer of 1949. Copeia, 1951, no. 1, p- 87-88.

Observed inshore lizardfish, Synodus foetens, feeding on small menhaden.

Austin, Herbert M., and Clarence R. Hickey, Jr.

1973. Spinal curvature in the Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia (Linnaeus), and the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Chesapeake Science, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 146-147.

One Atlantic menhaden, 37 mm fork length, with a curved spine was caught with 1,108 silversides, one of which also had a curved spine.

Baldauf, Richard J., and Molla F. Huq.

1963. A description of the larvae and juveniles of Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand (Clupeidae: Pisces). (Abstract). Texas Journal of Science, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 435.

Young of both B. gunteri Hildebrand and B. patronus Goode are found in coastal bay areas of Texas. Larval and juvenile stages of the two species are super- ficially similar and difficult to separate.

Baldauf, R. J., J. Van Conner, H. W. Holcombe, and F. M. Truesdale.

1970. A study of selected chemical and biological conditions of the lower Trinity River and upper Trinity Bay. Texas A&M University, Water Resources Institute, Technical Report no. 26, 168 p.

Numbers and sizes of young Gulf menhaden by month, 1966-68.

Baughman, J. L., and S. Springer.

1950. Biological and economic notes on the sharks of the Gulf of Mexico, with special reference to those of Texas, and with a key to their identification. American Midland Naturalist, Vole 44, no. i, p. 96-152"

3B. patronus as food of sharks.

Bearden, C. M.

1965. Occurrence of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, and other elasmobranchs in South Carolina coastal waters. Copeia, LOGS. sno. eS pee SS

Menhaden, 75-130 mm, major food of dogfish.

Bearden, Charles M.

1967. Salt-water impoundments for game fish in South Carolina. Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 123-128.

Atlantic menhaden, B. tyrannus, introduced into salt water ponds for food of red drum, spot, black drum, and Atlantic croaker.

Bearden, Charles M., and C. H. Farmer, III.

1972. Fishery resources of Port Royal Sound estuary, p- 203-212. In Port Royal Sound environmental study. South Carolina Water Resources Commission.

Juvenile Atlantic menhaden collected during trawl sampling.

Beasley, Thomas M.

1969. Studies of the natural alpha-emitting radioisotopes in marine organisms. Laboratory of Radiation Ecology, Annual Progress Report 1969-1970, University of Washington, 7 p.

Radionuclide concentrations in fish protein concentrates from B. tyrannus and B. patronus.

Beezhold, F. Lee, and Virginia F. Stout.

1973. The use and effect of mixed standards on the quantitation of polychlorinated byphenyls. Bulletin Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 10-15.

Included are PCB residue content in menhaden meal. Berg, Leo S. 1955. Classification of fishes both recent and fossil (in Russian). 2nd ed. Trudy Zoologicheskii Institut, Akademia Nauk SSSR, vol. 20, p. 1-286. Genus Brevoortia included, p. 164.

Berry, Frederick H.

1964. Review and emendation of: Family Clupeidae. Copeia, 1964, no. 4, p= /20-730:

A critical review and up-dating of the family Clupeidae by Samual F. Hildebrand in Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Sears Foundation for Marine Research. Mentions all the known species of Brevoortia as well as Ethmalosa fimbriata.

Bertmar, Gunnar, B. G. Kapoor, and Robert Victor Miller. 1969. Epibranchial organs in lower teleostean fishes - an example of structural adaptation. International Review of General

and Experimental Zoology, vol. 4, p. 1-48.

Comparison of Brevoortia epibranchial organs with those of other clupeid genera.

Bilaxterien Jie Hs Sis

1969. Development: Eggs and larvae, p. 177-252. InW. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall [eds.], Fish BMISAOLCBY: vol. 3. Academic Press, New York.

Cites Lewis (1965 and 1966). Blaxter, J. H. S., and F. G. T. Holliday. 1963. The behaviour and physiology of herring and other clupeids, p- 261-393. In F. S. Russell [ed.], Advances in marine

biology, vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.

Incidental references to salinity tolerances and behavior of Brevoortia.

Bogdanov, D. V., V. A. Sokolov, and N. S. Khromov.

1968. Regions of high biological and commercial productivity in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Oceanology, vol. 8, noo SH iwomsy/alskehle

B. patronus, Gulf menhaden fishery mentioned. Bohlke, James E., and Charles C. G. Chaplin.

1968. Fishes of the Bahamas and. adjacent tropical waters. Academy

of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Livingston Publishing

Co., Wynnewood, Pa., 771 p.

Menhadens mentioned in discussion of Clupeidae. Not reported from region.

Booke, Henry E.

1964. A review of variations found in fish serum proteins. New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 47-57.

Cites previous literature on nitrogen concentration in blood of menhaden.

Brandt, Andres von.

1964. Fish catching methods of the world. Fishing News (Books) tdi) Londons L91sip.-

Menhaden fishing by weirs and purse seines mentioned. Breeder, (G. Mas Ji. 1959. Studies on social groupings in fishes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol. 117, art. 6,

p. 397-481.

Cited by Blaxter and Holliday (1963). B. tyrannus feeding behavior, p. 415, and schooling, p. 457.

Breder, Charles M., Jr., and Donn Eric Rosen.

1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. Natural History Press, Garden City, N.Y., 941 p.

B. tyrannus and B. patronus mentioned. Briggs, Philip T. 1970. Records of ectoparasitic isopods from Great South Bay, New York. New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 17, no. 1,

p. 55-57.

Cites Alperin (1966). Livonica ovalis reported in menhaden.

Brooks, W. K.

1893. The menhaden, p. 247-251. In Maryland, its resources, industries and institutions. Prepared for the Board of World's Fair Managers of Maryland by members of Johns Hopkins University and others, Baltimore.

Brief general account of menhaden and the menhaden fishery.

Bullis, Harvey R., Jr.

1968. A program to develop aerial phototechnology for assess- ment of surface fish schools. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 20th Annual Session, 1967, p- 40-43.

Menhaden fishery and menhaden school movements mentioned. Bullis, Harvey R., Jr., and James S. Carpenter. 1968. Latent fishery resources of the central west Atlantic region, p. 61-64. In DeWitt Gilbert [ed.], The future of the fishing industry of the United States. University of Washington, Publications in Fisheries, New Series, vol. 4.

Menhaden fishery mentioned. B. patronus mentioned.

Burns, Charles.

1970. Fishes rarely caught in shrimp trawl. Gulf Research Reports, vol. 3, now 1.4 p..11 0-130:

Only three Gulf menhaden caught in shrimp trawl during study, 1967-69.

Butler, Johnny A.

1961. Development of a thread herring fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 23, no. 9, Do ILAA7/ 6

Gulf menhaden production, 1939-60.

Butler, Johnny A.

1966. Off-season menhaden explorations--Gulf of Mexico (Pascagoula, Miss.), p- 8-15. In Annual Report, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Region 2, for fiscal year 1965. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 249.

An analysis of data from aerial flights and gill-net

sampling for B. patronus and B. smithi in the eastern Gulf.

Butler, Philip A.

1968. Pesticides in the estuary, p. 120-124. In John D. Newsom [ed.], Proceedings of the Marsh and Estuary Management Symposium. Thomas J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge.

Menhaden mentioned. Cahn, Phyllis H., William Siler, and Masaru Fujiya.

1973. Sensory detection of environmental changes by fish, p. 363-387. In Walter Chavin [ed.], Responses of fish to environmental changes. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, I1l.

Effects of dieldrin on the sensory responses and behavior of B. tyrannus.

Cameron, James N.

1970. Blood characteristics of some marine fishes of the Texas Gulf Coast. Texas Journal of Science, vol. 21, no. 3, Wo Bases

Blood characteristics of B. patronus. Carlson, Carl B., and Kenneth P. Foster.

1945. Experimental purse seine fishing for menhaden with the Jeff Davis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Market News, vol. 7, no. 5a, p. 1-48.

Detailed report of fishing trials for B. tyrannus off northern Florida.

Cariison, fy Ty.

1973. Rearing menhaden larvae (Part 1), p. 148. (Abstract). In A. L. Pacheco [ed.], Proceedings of a Workshop on Egg, Larval and Juvenile Stages of Fish in Atlantic Coast Estuaries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, Technical Publication no. l.

Methods used to collect larval B. tyrannus for rearing in the laboratory.

Carlson, Frank T., and John W. Reintjes. 1972. Suitability of internal tags for Atlantic menhaden. National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 70, no. 2,

p- 514-517.

Four types of internal ferromagnetic tags tested with B. tyrannus.

Chambers, Gilbert V., and Albert K. Sparks.

1959. An ecological survey of the Houston Ship Channel and adjacent bays. Publications of the University of Texas, Institute of Marine Science, vol. 6, p. 213-250.

Catch of B. patronus juveniles in trawl during 1958 and a tabulation of the presence or absence of secondary shoulder spots.

Chapman, Charles R.

1966. The Texas basins project, p. 83-92. In A symposium on estuarine fisheries. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication No. 3.

Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, importance of Gulf fishery resources mentioned.

Chapman, Wilbert McLeod.

1964. The theory and practice of the 12-mile fishery limit. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 16th Annual Session, 1963, p. 9-23.

The possible effect of the 12-mile limit to the menhaden and Ethmalosa fisheries is mentioned.

Chapoton, Robert B.

1967. Scale development in the Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 96, no. 1, p- 0-62)

Scale formation begins as a single row on the anterior ventral surface of fish measuring 21-22 mm fork length.

Chapoton, Robert B.

1970. History and status of the Gulf of Mexico's menhaden purse seine fishery. (Abstract). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Society, vol. 86, no. 4, p. 183-184.

Analysis of catch and effort data to determine the catch-per-unit-of-effort and maximum sustainable yield for Gulf menhaden.

Chapoton, Robert B.

1972. The future of the Gulf menhaden, the United States' largest fishery. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 24th Annual Session, 1971, p. 134-143.

History and status of the fishery with estimates of maximum sustainable yield, comparison with other U.S. fisheries and future prospects.

10

Chipman, Walter A.

1959. Accumulation of radioactive materials by fishery organisms. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 11th Annual Session, 1958, p. 97-110.

Ruthenium-106 uptake in menhaden, B. tyrannus, fed labeled phytoplankton.

Christensen, Robert Frank.

1965. An ichthyological survey of Jupiter Inlet and Loxahatchee River, Florida. M.S. thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla. 318 p.

B. smithi and B. tyrannus listed.

Ciechomski, Juana D. de.

1968. Huevos y larvas de tres especies de peces marinos, Anchoa marinii, Brevoortia aurea y Prinontus nudigula de la zone de Mar del Plata. Boletin del Instituto de Biologia Marina, Argentina, p. 1-28.

Description of egg and yolk-sac larva of B. aurea.

Clark, John.

1966. Why salt water fishes need the shallow coastal estuaries, p- 25-34. In Proceedings, Symposium on Estuarine Ecology, Coastal Waters of North Carolina. Water Resources Research Institute, Raleigh.

Menhaden included among estuarine dependent fishes.

Clark, John.

1967. Fish and man - Conflict in the Atlantic estuaries. American Littoral Society, Special Publication No. 5, 78 p.

Menhaden fishery production and their use of estuaries for nurseries briefly mentioned.

11

Clark, John, and Willard N. Brownell.

1973. Electric power plants in the coastal zone: Environmental issues. American Littoral Society, Special Publication no. 7, 146 p.

Menhaden, an abundant and common estuarine fish, frequently is impinged on intake structures, entrained in cooling water, and killed by cold shock when power plant shuts down during the winter. Gllevate. do. Rog ehataly Sa dhs blfelays 1969. Migratory fish of the Hudson River, p. 293-319. InG. P. Howells and G. J. Lauer [eds.], Hudson River ecology. New York University, New York. Occurrence of young Atlantic menhaden. Clark, John, W. G. Smith, Arthur W. Kendall, Jr., and Michael P. Fahay. 1969. Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and

Wildlife, Technical Papers 28, 132 p.

B. tyrannus larvae, juveniles, and adults collected by midwater trawl.

Cobb, Bryant F., III, Lucy Carter, and Virgil L. Koenig.

1968. The distribution of the soluble protein components in the crystalline lenses of fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 817-826.

B. gunteri included. Coburn, Gs. Bi. Jn, and Barbara A. Pascher.

1973. Red blood cell hematology of fishes: A critique of techniques and compilation of published data. Journal of Marine Science

(Alabama), vol. 2, no. 2, p. 37-58.

Includes Brevoortia tyrannus.

12

Cocoros, Glenn E.

1971. Mercury contamination of plankton feeding fish: Experimental studies on the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. M.S. thesis, Long Island University, New York, 42) pe

Mercury content in Atlantic menhaden compared to mercury content of water and plankton. Mercury concentration in menhaden ranged from 0.049-0.189 ppm, well below the 0.50 ppm tolerance limit.

Cocoros, Glenn, Phyllis H. Cahn, and William Siler. 1973. Mercury concentrations in fish, plankton and water from three Western Atlantic estuaries. Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 641-647. Mercury concentrations in B. tryannus were 0.3 to 0.6 ppm dry weight, about twice that for the plankton on which they feed. Combsinsk ee Wi 1883. Report upon a cruise made to the tilefish ground in the smack "Josie Reeves,'' September, 1882. Bulletin of the

U.S. Fish Commission, vol. 2, p. 301-310.

Procuring menhaden for fish bait. Several comments about fishery.

Collins, Ji.-W. 1884. A search for mackerel off Block Island, Montauk, and Sandy Hook, in November, 1883. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish

Commission, vol. 4, p.. 49-51.

Menhaden used for mackerel bait.

13

Colton, John B., Jr., and Robert R. Marak.

1969. Guide for identifying the common planktonic fish eggs and larvae of Continental Shelf waters, Cape Sable to Block Island. U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological

Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., Laboratory Reference no. 69-9, 72 p.

Brief description of B. tyrannus eggs and larvae with figures of 4.5-, 5.7-, 9.0-, and 23-mm larvae.

Combs, Ralph M.

1969. Embryogenesis, histology and organology of the ovary of

Brevoortia patronus. Gulf Research Reports, vol. 2, no. 4, p- 333-434.

A detailed study with illustrations of the subject. Commercial Fisheries Review.

1963. Menhaden. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 25, no. 2, Do eosie

B. patronus occur throughout the year in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana coastal waters. Length frequency data listed.

Commercial Fisheries Review.

1967. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries programs. ''Bowers'' uses

lights and recorders. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 29, NOs G9) Die 236

First-year-class menhaden, B. patronus, were attracted at night to artificial white lights in the Gulf of Mexico.

Compton, Henry. 1965. A survey of fish populations in the inshore Gulf of Mexico off Texas, p. 55-86. In Texas Parks and Wildlife

Department. Coastal Fisheries Project Reports, 1965.

B. patronus and B. gunteri mentioned.

14

Cooper, Richard Arthur.

1965.

Copeland,

1965.

An unusually large menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe), from Rhode Island. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 94, no. 4, p. 412.

Largest known specimen measuring 470 mm in total length and weighing 1,674 g.

B. J.

Fauna of the Aransas Pass Inlet, Texas. I. Emigration as shown by tide trap collections. Publications of the University of Texas, Institute of Marine Science, vol. 10, De a2

B. patronus was captured from November through May. Peak emigration was observed in November and March through May.

Coston, Linda C.

1971.

Summary of tags released and recovered for the Atlantic menhaden, 1966-69. National Marine Fisheries Service, Data Report 66, 117 p.

Results of ferromagnetic internal tagging of B. tyrannus.

Crance, Johnie H.

1969.

A selected bibliography of Alabama estuaries. Alabama Marine Resources Laboratory, Marine Resources Bulletin, no. 2, Zp

Includes references to menhaden.

Crance, Johnie H.

1971.

Description of Alabama estuarine areas-- cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inventory. Alabama Marine Resources Laboratory, Marine Resources Bulletin, no. 6, 85 p.

Menhaden included as one of the principal fish species. General reference, no data.

Crittenden, Edward.

1958.

A pre-impoundment fishery study of North Bay and associated waters, Bay County, Florida. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, 1957, p. 211-219.

Number and weight of B. smithi in collections of fish by gill nets, rotenone, and explosives.

15

Croker, Robert A.

1965. Planktonic fish eggs and larvae of Sandy Hook Estuary. Chesapeake Science, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 92-95.

The seasonal collection of 258 B. tyrannus eggs during May and June and 5 larvae during November and December.

Cromer, Paul L.

1969. Fish and pollution: Experimental studies on the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. M.S. thesis, Long Island University, New York, 61 p.

Juvenile Atlantic menhaden, maintained experimentally in tanks, contained dieldrin in their tissues. Studies did not determine the lethal effects of naturally occurring dieldrin.

Cronin, L. Eugene.

1968. The protection of Maryland's estuarine areas.

Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 20th Annual Session, 1967, p. 44-54. Menhaden mentioned. Cross, Ford A., and Jeraldine H. Brooks.

1973. Concentrations of manganese, iron and zinc in juveniles of five estuarine-dependent fishes, p. 769-775. In D. J. Nelson [ed.], Radionuclides in ecosystems. Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Radioecology, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission,

Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Concentrations of Fe and Zn decreased with body weight and Mn increased with body weight in Atlantic menhaden.

Culley, Michael.

1971. The pilchard - Biology and exploitation. Pergamon Press, New York, 241 p.

Menhaden reduction industry mentioned.

16

Dahlberg, Michael D.

1966.

Dahlberg,

1969a.

Dahlberg,

1969b.

Dahlberg,

1970a.

Dahlberg,

1970b.

A systematic review of the North American species of menhaden, genus Brevoortia. Ph.D. thesis, Tulane University, New Orleans, 161 p. (Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 27, p. 1651-B).

A key to menhaden species and hybrids, describes the various forms, presents synonymies and recent references, and discusses hybridization, geographic variation, popu- lation structure, comparative lipid analysis, condition factors, and fish meal indexes. Published in part Dahlberg (1970a).

Michael D.

Fat cycles and condition factors of two species of menhaden, Brevoortia (Clupeidae), and natural hybrids from the Indian River of Florida. American Midland Naturalist, vol. 82,

soKoyey kee jaye. lila AAaye

Michael D.

Incidence of the isopod, Olencira praegustator, and copepod, Lernaeenicus radiatus, in three species and hybrid menhaden (Brevoortia) from the Florida coasts, with five new host records. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, VOlien JSigeOre. lh, ple) ale IESE

Monthly incidence of the two parasites from B. tyrannus, B. patronus, B. smithi and hybrids B. tyrannus X B. smithi and B. patronus X B. smithi from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of Florida.

Michael D.

Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico menhadens, genus Brevoortia (Pisces: Clupeidae). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 91-162.

A key to menhaden species and hybrids, describes the various forms, presents synonymies and recent references, and discusses hybridization, geographic variation, population structure, and zoogeography.

Michael D. Frequencies of abnormalities in Georgia estuarine fishes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 99,

NOs LS pen IDO «

Pughead B. tyrannus reported from northeast Florida. One injured B. tyrannus among 414 examined.

17

Dahlberg, Michael D. 1972. An ecological study of Georgia coastal fishes. National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 70, no. 2, p. 323-353. B. tyrannus and B. smithi occurrences with hybrids. Dahlberg, Michael D., and Eugene P. Odum. 1970. Annual cycles of species occurrence, abundance, and diversity in Georgia estuarine fish populations. American Midland

Naturaldset,- voll. 83,000. 29 Pie SOL—-S92.

Monthly occurrence of B. tyrannus in trawl collections from Sapelo and St. Catherine's Sounds.

Daiber, Franklin C. 1963. Tidal creeks and fish eggs, role of tidal flow, salinity, and light in distribution of fish eggs and larvae. Estuarine Bulletin, vol. 7, nos. 2-3, p. 6-14. Mentions menhaden on page 7.

Davis, Jackson.

1970. Exploring for schooling pelagic fishes in Middle Atlantic Bight. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 23-24.

Menhaden fishing technique used in landing schooling fish.

Dawson, C. E.

1964. A bibliography of anomalies of fishes. Gulf Research Reports, vol.e1, no. 6, p. 308-399.

B. patronus, cites Gunter and Ward (1961). Dawson, C. E.

1966. A bibliography of anomalies of fishes. Supplement 1. Gulf Research Reports, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 169-176.

Listed Schwartz (1965). Dawson, C. E.

1971. A bibliography of anomalies of fishes. Supplement 2. Gulf Research Reports, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 215-239.

Cites menhaden anomalies by Dahlberg (1970b), Lewis (1966), Musick and Hoff (1968) and Warlen (1969).

18

Day, John W., Jr.,William G. Smith, and Charles S. Hopkinson, Jr. 1973. Some trophic relationships of marsh and estuarine areas, p- 115-135. In R. H. Chabreck [ed.], Proceedings of the Coastal Marsh and Estuary Management Symposium, Louisiana State University. Menhaden listed among the lower trophic level fishes. Day, John, W., Jr., William G. Smith, Paul R. Wagner, and Wilmer C. Stowe. 1973. Community structure and carbon budget of a salt marsh and shallow bay estuarine system in Louisiana. Louisiana State University, Publ., LSU-SG-72-04, 79 p. B. patronus listed among herbivores.

De Buen, Fernando.

1966. Resultados de una campana ictiologica en las provincias del Norte. Universidad de Chile, Estudios Oceanologicos, Wall Ay jo, S8)q

B. (Ethmidium) maculata and B. (Ethmidium) chilcae listed.

Derickson, W. Kenneth, and Kent S. Price, Jr. 1973. The fishes of the shore zone of Rehoboth and Indian River bays, Delaware. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 102, no. 3, p. 553-562. Atlantic menhaden among fishes reported.

de Sylva, Donald P.

1959. Marshes, menhaden and marlin. Delaware Conservationist, Tolls Si5 tes Syria 74 cdl,

Destruction of marshes threaten habitat of young menhaden.

de Sylva, Donald P.

1969. Theoretical considerations of the effects of heated effluents on marine fishes, p. 229-293. In Peter A. Krenkel and Frank L. Parker [eds.], Biological aspects of thermal pollution. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville.

Cites Lewis (1966).

DiCapua, Richard A.

1966. On the application of immunological techniques in geographic group studies of Atlantic sea herring, Clupea harengus. I, Neutralization of immune precipitins as an aid to herring serum analysis by immunoelectrophoresis. Journal of Experi- mental Zoology, vol. 162, no. 1, p. 1-13.

Mairs and Sindermann (1962) report on relationship of

clupeids, including Alosa, Brevoortia and Clupea. No menhaden reported among the results.

DiCapua, Richard A. 1969. On the application of immunological techniques in geographic group studies of Atlantic sea herring, Clupea harengus. II. Herring serum analysis by gel diffusion. Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. 172, no. 1, p. 11-24. Results agreed with Mairs and Sindermann (1962) in the relationship of Alosa, Brevoortia, and Clupea. Atlantic menhaden, B. tyrannus, used in the study. Domaneyskii, L. M., and V. A. Rikhter. 1968. Key to families of principal commercial fish of the

Northwest Atlantic and description of species. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Translation Series no. 1128, 54 p.

B. tyrannus included. Dovel, William.

1967. Fish eggs and larvae of the Magothy River, Maryland. - Chesapeake Science, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 125-129.

B. tyrannus was collected only once during a period of 15 months.

Dovel, William L. 1968. Predation by striped bass as a possible influence on population size of the Atlantic croaker. Transactions of

the American Fisheries Society, vol. 97, no. 4, p. 313-319.

B. tyrannus listed as a principal food of striped bass.

Dovel, William L.

1971. Fish eggs and larvae of the upper Chesapeake Bay. Natural Resources Institute, University of Maryland, Special Report nos, Cin, 7/All “oe

Menhaden eggs collected in spring and fall at Solomons, Md., temperature range 13-20°C, salinity 10-22 ppt. Young menhaden appeared in upper estuarine areas from late March to late June.

Dragovich, Alexander. 1969. Review of studies of tuna food in the Atlantic Ocean. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 593, 21 p. B. tyrannus reported as food of Thunnus atlanticus.

Dryfoos, Robert L., Randall P. Cheek, and Richard L. Kroger.

1973. Preliminary analyses of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, migrations, population structure, survival and exploitation rates and availability as indicated from tag returns.

National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 71, no). 3, p. /19=734.

From over 200,000 recoveries of more than 1 million tagged Atlantic menhaden, estimates of survival, exploitation and mortality rates were made. Duke, Thomas W., John P. Baptist, and Donald E. Hoss. 1966. Bioaccumulation of radioactive gold used as a sediment tracer in the estuarine environment. U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 65, no. 2, p. 427-436.

B. tyrannus mentioned among fish collected in the test area.

Dunbar, Gary S. 1958. Historical geography of the North Carolina Outer Banks. Louisiana State University Studies, Coastal Studies Series

NOM (3/5/2234 p

Early account of menhaden fishing in North Carolina.

21

Dunham, Fred.

1972. A study of commercially important estuarine-dependent industrial fishes. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Technical Bulletin No. 4, 63 p.

Distribution and abundance of Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, samples from a trawl survey July 1969 to June 1972. Occurrence of fishes other than menhaden in purse-seine landings by sampling during 1971-72.

Ehrlich, Paul R., and Anne H. Ehrlich.

1970. Population, resources, environment: Issues in human ecology. W. H. Freeman Co., San Francisco. 383 p.

Menhaden over exploited. Eisler, Ronald. 1965. Erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin content in nine species of marine teleosts. Chesapeake Science, vol. 6, no. 2,

p- 119-120.

B. tyrannus has a hemoglobin value of 12.3 g/100 ml of blood.

Evermann, B. W., and W. C. Kendall.

1900. Check-list of the fishes of Florida. U.S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Report for 1899, p. 37-103.

B. tyrannus listed p. 56. Fahy, William E. 1966. Species composition of the North Carolina industrial fish fishery. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 28, no. 7,

Dia Si

Menhaden composed 42.9 percent by weight of trash fish caught in long-haul and pound-net fishery.

Fairbanks, Randall B., W. Stephen Collings, and Wendell T. Sides. 1971. An assessment of the effects of electrical power generation on Marine resources in the Cape Cod Canal. Massachusetts Department of Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries, 48 p. Juvenile Atlantic menhaden among fish killed by chlorine

biocide and heated water near the effluent plume of the Canal Electric Company plant.

22

Finucane, John H.

1969a. Antimycin as a toxicant in a marine habitat. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 98, no. 2, p. 288-292.

B. smithi included in a list of fishes experimentally killed by Antimycin A.

Finucane, John H.

1969b. Faunal production report, p. 11-15. In Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, fiscal year 1968. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 313.

B. smithi included in a list of fishes experimentally killed by Antimycin A.

Foehrenbach, Jack.

1972. Chlorinated pesticides in estuarine organisms. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 619-624.

B. tyrannus included in analyses. Fontenot, Bennie J., Jr., and Howard E. Rogillio.

1970. A study of estuarine sportfishes in the Biloxi marsh complex, Louisiana. Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, Dingell-Johnson Project, Completion report F-8, 172 p.

Gulf menhaden mentioned. Fore, Paul L.

1971. The distribution of eggs and larvae of the round herring, Etrumeus teres, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. (Abstract). ASB (Association of Southeastern Biologists) Bulletin, vol. 18, TO\sme2'5) Diet oe

Gulf menhaden eggs were the most abundant pelagic fish eggs from October to March.

t Fore, Paul L., and Kenneth N. Baxter.

1972a. Collections of larval Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, from Galveston Entrance (1959-1969) and Sabine Pass (1963-1967), Texas. National Marine Fisheries Service, Data Report 74, IL pe

Results of regular sampling of two Texas inlets for larval Gulf menhaden.

Fore, Paul L., and Kenneth N. Baxter.

1972b. Diel fluctuations in the catch of larval Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, at Galveston Entrance, Texas. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 101, no. 4, p. 729-732.

Catches of larval Gulf menhaden made in a series of collections during a 96-hour period at the inlet to Galveston Bay and the relation of these catches to tidal currents.

Forste, Robert H. 1964. Industry trends and indicators of economic performance in the menhaden fishery. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 16th Annual Session, 1963, p-. 30-46. Economic elements underlying the growing relative importance of the Gulf menhaden fishery and the degree the Atlantic and Gulf fisheries fulfill basic economic objectives of performance. Franklin, Lynn. 1972. Menhaden fishing. Oceans Magazine, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 65-73. Popular description with numerous photographs.

Fuss, Charles M., Jr.

1968. A new thread herring fishery in eastern Gulf of Mexico. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 30, no. 6, p. 36-41.

Menhaden fishery mentioned. Fuss, Charles M., Jr., John A. Kelly, Jr., and Kenneth W. Prest, Jr. 1969. Gulf thread herring: Aspects of the developing fishery and biological research. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean

Fisheries Institute, 21st Annual Session, 1968, p. 111-125.

Menhaden fishery compared to developing thread herring fishery.

General Dynamics —Electric Boat Division.

1971. Potential environmental effects of an offshore submerged nuclear power plant. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Control Research, GFI 06/71, vol. 1, SAS Don Wolke BsrZss Wwe

B. tyrannus included and listed in thermal tolerance table. 24

Godwin, Walter F., and Thomas L. Vaughn. 1968. An adult pugheaded American shad Alosa sapidissima. Trans- actions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 97, no. l, Wg. 2)0)e Cites Schwartz (1964-1965) reference to B. tyrannus. Goldmintz, Daniel, and Joseph C. Hull. 1970. Bacterological aspects of fish protein concentrate production, p- 335-340. In Cyril J. Corum [ed.], Developments in in- dustrial microbiology, vol. 11. American Institute of Biological Sciences, Washington, D.C. Raw menhaden, B. tyrannus, had higher bacterial counts than hake, Urophycis chuss, but fish protein concentrate counts were similar. Goodyear, C. Phillip. 1967. Feeding habits of three species of gars, Lepisosteus, along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Transactions of the American

Fisheries Society, vol. 96, no. 3, p. 297-300.

Longnose gar fed primarily at night on B. patronus juveniles in Mississippi estuaries.

Gordon, Bernard L.

1958. The bountiful menhaden. Nature Magazine, vol. 51, no. 6, DEOZZ—320 e352

Popular, general account of Atlantic menhaden, B. tyrannus.

Gowanloch, James Nelson. 1950. New developments in the menhaden industry. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 2nd Annual Session, 1949, p. 39-40.

General review of Gulf menhaden purse-seine fishery.

25

Graham, Herbert W.

1968. Trends in the marine fisheries of the Continental Shelf of the eastern United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 97, no. 1, p. 77-82.

Brief report on menhaden landings with graph showing landings by region, 1930-66. Green, J.

1968. The biology of estuarine animals. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 401 p.

The importance of Brevoortia to estuarine food web is mentioned.

Gregg, S. Alexander, Jr.

1968. The fisheries of North Carolina. M.S. thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 90 p.

Menhaden fishery and industry described, fishery statistics listed.

Gunter, Gordon.

1964. The Gulf of Mexico fishery in relation to the sport fisheries. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 16th Annual Session, 1963, p. 99-108.

The author refutes the claims of sport fishermen that the menhaden purse-seine fishery is harmful to the recreational fish populations.

Gunter, Gordon.

1967. Some relationships of estuaries to the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico, p. 621-638. In George H. Lauff [ed.], Estuaries. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pub- lication no. 82, Washington, D.C.

Discussion of the commercial menhaden fishery in the Gulf, and the relationships of young menhaden to estuaries.

Gunter, G.

1969. Fisheries in coastal lagoons, p. 663-670. In Agustin Ayala Castanares and Fred B. Phleger [eds.], Coastal lagoons, a symposium. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuidad Universitaria.

Gulf menhaden fishery mentioned. Gunter, Gordon, and Gordon E. Hall.

1963. Biological investigations of the St. Lucie estuary (Florida) in connection with Lake Okeechobee discharges through the St. Lucie Canal. Gulf Research’Reports, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 189- 307.

Catch records of B. tyrannus and B. smithi listed in table 24.

Gunter, Gordon, and J. W. Ward.

1961. Some fishes that survive extreme injuries, and some aspects of tenacity of life. Copeia, 1961, no. 4, p. 456-462.

Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, included. Gusev, E. E. 1964. Some peculiarities in menhaden morphology, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Contributions to Commercial Fisheries Research of the Artic Basin, N. M. Knipovicha Institute (PINRO), no. 2,

p- 13-16. Trans. J.M. Moulton, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me.

Discussion of filter feeding of menhaden with description of intestinal tract structure.

Hall, F. G.

1928. Blood concentration in marine fishes. Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 76, p. 623-631.

Increased concentration of blood elements of B. tyrannus during asphyxiation followed by a weight loss of the spleen.

Harder, Wilhelm.

1964. Anatomie der Fische, vol. 2A. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlags- buchhandlung, Stuttgart, 308 p.

Alimentary tract of Brevoortia mentioned.

2]

Hatton, S. R., and G. R. Smalley.

1938. Reduction process for sardines in California. California Fish and Game, vol. 24, no. 4, p. 391-414.

Menhaden fishery mentioned. Hays, H., and R. W. Risebrough.

1972. Pollutant concentrations in abnormal young terns from Long Island Sound. Auk, vol. 89, no. 1, p. 19-35.

Concentrations of DDT and PCB compounds and mercury in Atlantic menhaden.

Heald, Eric J.

1968. Atlas of the principal fishery resources on the Continental Shelf from New York to Florida. Prepared for the E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company, University of Miami, Institute of Marine Sciences, 225 p.

Brief account of fishery by regions along the Atlantic Coast with three charts for menhaden. B. tyrannus discussed and B. smithi listed.

Heald, Eric J., and Raymond C. Griffiths. 1967. The age determination, from scale readings, of the sardine, Sardinella anchovia, of the Gulf of Cariaco, Eastern Venezuela. Venezuela Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria, Investigaciones

Pesqueras, Serie Recursos y Explotacion Pesqueras, vol. l, no. 10, p. 375-446.

Mentions aging of B. tyrannus. Hela, Ilmo.

1967. Meritieteen tehtavista. Merentutkimuslaitoksen Julkaisu Havsforskningsinstitutets Skrift, no. 222, 55 p.

B. tyrannus and menhaden fishery mentioned. Henry, Kenneth A. 1965. Biological investigations of purse seine fishery for Atlantic menhaden. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special

Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 519, 12 p.

Compilation of fishery statistics.

Henry, Kenneth A.

1968. Exploitation and biological research of Atlantic menhaden, p- 265-273. In Transactions of the National Symposium on Ocean Sciences and Engineering of the Atlantic Shelf. Marine Technology Society, Washington, D. C.

General account of menhaden studies.

Henry, Kenneth A.

1969. Menhaden fisheries, p. 393-398. In Frank E. Firth [ed.], The encyclopedia of marine resources. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.

General account of the menhaden fishery with landings, 1942-66.

Henry, Kenneth A.

1971. Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) resource and fishery - analysis of decline. National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries 642, 32 p.

Analysis of age and size, fishing effort, catch and population dynamics of the Atlantic menhaden resource, 1955-68.

Henry, Kenneth A., Edwin B. Joseph, Charles M. Bearden, and John W. Reintjes.

1965. Atlantic menhaden...a most abundant fish. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, Leaflet no. 2, 4p.

Popular general account. Henry, Kenneth A., Joseph H. Kutkuhn, and Staff.

1968. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 287, 22 p.

An annual review of menhaden research including development and oceanic distribution of larval menhaden, response of young menhaden to environmental changes, abundance of young- of-the-year menhaden, and population dynamics of Atlantic and Gulf resources by sampling catch and mark-recapture methods.

Henry, Kenneth A., Joseph H. Kutkuhn, and Staff.

1970a. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological

Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 341, 24 p.

An annual review of menhaden research including menhaden

life history and biology, menhaden population dynamics, and

menhaden tagging.

Henry, Kenneth A., Joseph H. Kutkuhn, and Staff.

1970b. Research in fiscal year 1969 at the Bureau of Commercial

Fisheries Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 350, 49 p.

An annual review of menhaden research including life history

of Atlantic and Gulf menhaden, estimation of larval and

juvenile abundance, rearing menhaden, schooling and migratory

behavior, tagging and population dynamics of Atlantic and Gulf menhaden.

Henry, Kenneth A., and Staff.

1965.

Annual report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries

Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 2D 2a Dis

An annual review of menhaden research including sampling of the Atlantic and Gulf fishery, morphology and popu- lation studies, estimation of juvenile abundance and estuarine biology of young menhaden.

Henry, Kenneth A., and Staff.

1966.

Annual report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries

Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965. .U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 240, 39 p.

An annual review of menhaden research including classifi- cation and distribution of North American menhadens, estuarine survival of young menhaden, abundance of juvenile menhaden, structure and biology of Gulf menhaden stocks and population dynamics of Atlantic and Gulf menhaden.

Henry, Kenneth A., and Staff.

1967. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 264, SOs pis

An annual review of menhaden research including classifi- cation and distribution of North American menhaden, re- sponse of juvenile menhaden to temperature and salinity, abundance of young menhaden, biology of Gulf of Mexico menhaden and sampling the Atlantic and Gulf purse-seine fisheries.

Herke, William H.

1968. Weirs, potholes and fishery management, p. 193-211. In John D. Newsom [ed.], Proceedings of the Marsh and Estuary Management Symposium. Thomas J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge.

Menhaden catches at Grand Bayou, Louisiana, with surface trawl

and weir. Catches with trawl from January through June at 10 sites.

Herke, William H.

1969. A boat-mounted surface push-trawl for sampling juveniles in tidal marshes. Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 31, no. 3, Den 79)

Menhaden, Brevoortia sp., caught with push-trawl.

Herke, William H.

1971. Use of natural, and semi-impounded Louisiana tidal marshes as nurseries for fishes and crustaceans. Ph.D. thesis, Louisiana State University, 242 p. (Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 32, p. 2654-B).

B. patronus is one of the principal species. Monthly length frequencies of menhaden from two tidal marshes with observations on size and seasonal distribution

with salinity changes.

Hess, Paul W.

1961. Food habits of two dasyatid rays in Delaware Bay. Copeia, 1961, no. 2, p. 239-241.

3B. tyrannus included in the food of rays.

31

‘Hettler, William F., Jr.

1968. Artificial fertilization among yellowfin and Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia) and their hybrid. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 97, no. 2, p. 119-123.

Eggs of B. smithi were fertilized with sperm from B. smithi, B. patronus, and hybrids of the two species. Resulting larvae reared through the yolk- sac stage.

Hetelers. Walklivam Fes. Jr.

1970. Rearing larvae of yellowfin menhaden, Brevoortia smithi. Copeia, 1970, no. 4, p. 775-776.

Ova and sperm were obtained from sexually mature B. smithi and were hatched and reared. The last larva, 14.9 mm T.L. survived 32 days.

Hettler, William F., Jr.

1971. A yellowfin menhaden without pelvic fins. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, vol. 34, no. 1, p. 63-66.

Adult B. smithi with no pelvic fins and no scar to indicate that they had been lost accidentally. X-ray examination did not show any structural remnants.

Hettler, William F., Jr.

1973. Rearing menhaden larvae (Part 2), p. 149-157. In A. L. Pacheco (ed.), Proceedings of a Workshop on Egg, Larval and Juvenile Stages of Fish in Atlantic Coast Estuaries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center,

Technical Publication no. l.

Methods used to rear larval B. smithi in the laboratory from fertilized eggs.

Hettler, William F., Jr., Richard W. Lichtenheld, and Herbert R. Gordy.

1971. Open seawater system with controlled temperature and

salinity. Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol. 33, no. l, Do etalile

Seawater system designed to rear Atlantic menhaden.

Higham, Joseph R., and William R. Nicholson.

1964. Sexual maturation and spawning of Atlantic menhaden. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 63, nee AG Do. Cope /ills

Sexual development and incidence of spawning is based on examination of ovaries collected along Atlantic Coast from 1956-59.

Hildebrand, Samuel F.

1963. Family Clupeidae, p. 257-454. In Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Memoir il ppart (Sy

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Brevoortia with detailed description of B. tyrannus, B. patronus, and B. smithi. Although included, B. brevicaudata is no

longer considered a valid species.

Hoese, H. Dickson.

1962. Sharks and rays of Virginia's seaside bays. Chesapeake Sciences avolls 35 no. Sipe ll66=172.

Menhaden, Brevoortia, used for shark bait.

Hoese, Hinton Dickson.

1965. Spawning of marine fishes in the Port Aransas, Texas, area as determined by the distribution of young and larvae. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, 144 p. (Dissertation Abstracts, vol. 26, p. 7507).

Abundance and occurrence of B. patronus and B. gunteri in samples are discussed.

Hoese, H. D., B. J. Copeland, Frank N. Moseley, and E. D. Lane. 1968. Fauna of the Aransas Pass Inlet, Texas. III. Diel and seasonal variations in trawlable organisms of the adjacent area. Texas Journal of Science, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 33-60. B. patronus among species measured.

Hoff, James G.

1970. Vertebral anomalies in a humpbacked specimen of Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Chesapeake Science, vol. 11, NO} es pie O4— 05%.

B. tyrannus mentioned; reference to Musick and Hoff (1968).

33

Holland, H. Tom, David L. Coppage, and Philip A. Butler.

1967. Use of fish brain acetylcholinesterase to monitor pollution by organophosphorus pesticides. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, vol. 2, no. 3, p- 156-162.

B. tyrannus mentioned on p. 159, cites Williams and and Sova (1966).

Holiday, i. iG. of.

1969. The effects of salinity on the eggs and larvae of teleosts, p. 293-311. In W. S. Hoar and D. J. Randall [eds.], Fish physiology, vol. 1, Excretion, ionic regulation, and metabolism. Academic Press, New York.

Cites Lewis (1966). Holmes, W. N., and Edward M. Donaldson. 1969. The body compartments and the distribution of electrolytes, Ponl89. In We. Si) Hoar -andeDarI=. Randall! feds ferish

physiology, vol. 1, Excretion, ionic regulation, and metabolism. Academic Press, New York.

Cites Sulya, Box and Gunter (1960).

Hopkins, S. H.

1973. Annotated bibliography on effects of salinity and salinity changes on life in coastal waters. Department of Biology, Research Foundation, Texas A & M University. (Contract Report H-73-2, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss), 411 p.

Menhaden mentioned. Hoss, Donald E., and John P. Baptist.

1973. Accumulation of soluble and particulate radionuclides by estuarine fish, p. 776-782. In D. J. Nelson [ed.], Radio- nuclides in ecosystems. Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Radioecology, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Oak Ridge, Tenn.

Experimental accumulation of cesium-144 by B. tyrannus was principally by surface adsorption rather than by assimilation into the tissues.

Hoss, Donald E., Linda C. Coston, and William F. Hettler, Jr.

1972. Effects of increased temperature on postlarval and juvenile estuarine fish. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference, Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners, 1971, p. 635-642.

Young Atlantic menhaden, B. tyrannus, were exposed to increased temperatures and the effects were measured by the critical thermal maximum, changes in oxygen consumption and survival after exposure to sudden increases in temperature for various periods

of time. Houde, Edward D.

1973. Estimating abundance of sardine-like fishes from egg and larval surveys, eastern Gulf of Mexico: Preliminary report. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 27th Annual Session, 1972, p. 68-78.

Menhaden resource mentioned. Hudson River Fisheries Investigation. 1965-1968. [n.d.] Evaluations of a proposed pumped storage project at Cornwall, New York in relation to fish in the Hudson River. Presented to Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., by the Hudson River Policy Committee, 50 p., appendix 30 p. Menhaden listed among species caught. Huntsman, Gene R., and Robert B. Chapoton. 1973. Biostatistical data acquisition in the menhaden fisheries. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 102,

no. 2, p. 452-456.

Methods used for statistical treatment of menhaden biological information.

dys G Pav) Geelabbee and, Beasvokell. 1968. The value of estuaries to shrimp, p. 83-90. In John D. Newsom [ed.], Proceedings of the Marsh and Estuary Management

Symposium. Thomas J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge.

B. tyrannus and B. patronus mentioned.

Jensen, Albert C.

1967. A brief history of the New England offshore fisheries. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet 594, 14 p.

B. tyrannus fishery mentioned.

Jensen, Albert C.

1970. Thermal loading in the marine district. New York Fish and Game Journal, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 65-80.

Long Island Sound supports B. tyrannus fishery.

Jensen, Albert C.

1971. Soviet fisheries and fisheries research off the east coast of the United States. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 23rd Annual Session, 1970, p. 7-23.

Fisheries agreement protects B. tyrannus, p. 16.

Johnson, Donald W.

1968. Pesticides and fishes-A review of selected literature.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol. 97, no. 4, p- 398-424.

. tyrannus in a list of fishes included in pesticide

B literature.

Johnson, Kenneth Walter.

1973. Occurrence and abundance of fishes in the intake and discharge areas of the Cedar Bayou power station before and during the first year of plant operation. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, 348 pp.

Number of young B. patronus collected by seines and trawls from October 1969 through December 1971.

Johnson, Roy B.

1966. The effects of engineering projects on the ecology of Jones Bay, p- 148-157. In Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries Project Report, 1966.

B. patronus was the most abundant fish, being present in all salinities throughout the estuary from the middle of April through the last of August.

Jones, Robert S.

1965. Fish stocks from a helicopter-borne purse net sampling of Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, 1962-1963. Publications of the University of Texas, Institute of Marine Science, vol. 10, p- 68-75.

B. patronus constituted 36 percent by weight of all the fishes caught, while B. gunteri represented 5 percent of total wet weight of fishes.

Jones, Robert S., William B. Ogletree, John H. Thompson, Jr., and William Flenniken.

1963. Helicopter borne purse net for population sampling of shallow marine bays. Publications of the University of Texas, Institute of Marine Science, vol. 9, p. 1-6.

B. patronus was taken in deep water sampling trials.

Jordan, David Starr.

1887. A preliminary list of the fishes of the West Indies. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, vol. 9, p. 554-608.

B. tyrannus aurea no locality, tropical America, south of the Florida Keys and not including Brazil.

Jordan, David Starr.

1914. American food and game fishes. New Nature Library, vol. 6, no. 1, 572 p. Doubleday, Page and Co., New York.

Reprinting of 1903 edition. Brief general account of B. tyrannus, p. 108-111.

Jorgenson, Sherrell C., and Grant L. Miller. 1968. Length relations of some marine fishes from coastal Georgia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 575, 16 p. Conversion of standard, fork, and total lengths

for 82 species of marine fish including B. tyrannus and B. smithi.

37

Joseph, Edwin B.

1962. Industrial or scrap-fish catch from pound nets in lower Chesapeake Bay - 1960. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Special Scientific Report no. 35, 47 p.

B. tyrannus principal species in pound net catches by locality and date.

June, Fred C.

1963. The menhaden fishery, p. 146-159. In Maurice E. Stansby [ed.], Industrial fishery technology. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York.

Review of menhaden resource, fishery and processing industry.

June, Fred C.

1965. Comparison of vertebral counts of Atlantic menhaden. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 513, 12 p.

Vertebral counts from 6,048 B. tyrannus from three locations along the Atlantic coast showed statistical differences between spring and autumn spawning groups.

June, Fred C.

1972. Variations in size and length composition of Atlantic menhaden groupings. National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 70. no. 3, p. 699-713.

Length and weight composition of summer and autumn schools of Atlantic menhaden from single purse-seine sets. Menhaden school by size and the average length of summer schools decreased with decreasing abundance of fish in a given area.

June, Fred C., and Frank T. Carlson.

1971. Food of young Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, in relation to metamorphosis. National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 68, no. 3, p. 493-512.

Larvae eat zooplankton but prejuveniles and juveniles eat phytoplankton. Similarities and differences

between alimentary tract contents and plankton community. Significant changes in alimentary tract morphology

with metamorphosis. Results of experimental feeding.

June, Fred C., and Frank T. Carlson.

1973. Food and feeding habits of Atlantic menhaden in relation to metamorphosis of larvae into juveniles, p. 136-137. (Abstract). In A. L. Pacheco [ed.], Proceedings of a Workshop on Egg, Larval and Juvenile Stages of Fish in Atlantic Coast estuaries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, Technical Publication no. l.

Larval B. tyrannus feed by capturing zooplankton, chiefly copepods. After metamorphosis food consists mainly of phytoplankton.

June, Fred, C., and William R. Nicholson.

1964. Age and size composition of the menhaden catch along the Atlantic coast of the United States, 1958 with a brief review of the commercial fishery. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Fisheries no. 446, 40 p.

A review of the fishery for B. tyrannus during 1958 with distribution of purse seine sets and length and weight by sex for four geographical areas and the

North Carolina fall fishery. June, F. C., and Staff.

1964. Annual report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Circular 198, 26 p.

An annual review of menhaden research including sampling

the catch, morphology and population studies, estimation

of juvenile abundance, and methods of marking and recovery. Kantner, Arthur H.

1971. Comments on economic and financial aspects of the Gulf fisheries. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 23rd Annual Session, 1970, p. 37-42.

Menhaden industry and future trends discussed. Karpukhov, S. Ya. 1962. Menhaden. Rybnoe Khoziaistvo. vol. 38, no. 8, p. 16-19.

Brief, popular account with no new information and no literature cited.

Kelley, John Richard, Jr.

1965. A taxonomic survey of the fishes of Delta National Wildlife Refuge with emphasis upon distribution and abundance. M.S. thesis, Louisiana State University, 133 p.

Juvenile Gulf menhaden occurred in peak abundance from October to January.

Kelly, John A., Jr., and Alexander Dragovich.

1968. Occurrence of macrozooplankton in Tampa Bay, Florida, and the adjacent Gulf of Mexico. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fishery Bulletin, vol. 66, no. 2, p. 209-221.

Seventy-seven percent of the clupeoids (3-20 mm long) were identified as Brevoortia.

Keup, Lowell, and Jack Bayless.

1964. Fish distribution at varying salinities in Neuse River basin, North Carolina. Chesapeake Science, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 119-123.

B. tyrannus collected at 50 percent of the stations in a salinity range of 0.39-12.22 ppt.

Kingston, N., W. A. Dillon, and W. J. Hargis, Jr.

1969. Studies on larval Monogenea of fishes from the Chesapeake

Bay area. Part I. Journal of Parasitology, vol. 55, no. 3, p- 544-558.

Parasites on B. tyrannus.

Kinnear, Brian S.

1973. Atlantic menhaden, p. 268-269, 280-283, 296-297. In A. L. Pacheco [ed.], Proceedings of a Workshop on Egg, Larval and Juvenile Stages of Fish in Atlantic Coast Estuaries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Middle Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Center, Technical Publication no. l.

Distribution and early development of juvenile B.

tyrannus in Atlantic Coast estuaries with a list of sites sampled.

Kinnear, Brian S., and Charles M. Fuss, Jr.

1971. Thread herring distribution off Florida's west coast. Commercial Fisheries Review, vol. 33, nos. 7-8, p. 27-39.

Gulf menhaden purse-seine fishery included catches of Atlantic thread herring, Opisthonema oglinun.

Klima, E. F. 1971. The automated fishing platform, p. 498-501. In H. Krist- jonsson [ed.], Modern fishing gear of the world: 3. Fishing

News (Books) Ltd., London.

B. patronus resource mentioned but the species not included in the catches from the platform.

Klima, Edward F., and Durbin C. Tabb. 1959. A contribution to the biology of the spotted weakfish, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier), from northwest Florida, with a description of the fishery. Florida Board of Conservation, Technical Series no. 30, 25 p. Menhaden collected by beach seine in Apalachicola Bay. Kreutzer, Conradin O. 1963. Electrofishing with bottom trawls at sea. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 15th Annual Session, 1962, p. 26-29. Electrofishing applied to menhaden industry. Kreutzer, Conradin O. 1964. Utilization of fish reactions to electricity in sea fishing, p- 545-551. In Modern fishing gear of the world: 2. Fishing News (Books), Ltd., London.

Describes an electrical technique improving the efficiency of menhaden purse seining.

4]

Kroger, Richard L., and Robert L. Dryfoos.

1972. Tagging and tag-recovery experiments with Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report, Fisheries no. 664, 11 p.

Juvenile and adult B. tyrannus were tagged experimentally in 1965 and 1969 and tag recovery tests were conducted at menhaden reduction plants at Beaufort, N.C.