NOAA TR NMFS SSRF-674 SEATTLE, WA JANUARY 1974 NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-674 U.S. DEPARTMENT Of, COMMERCE National Oceanic aWtf ' Atmospheric Administration National Marine; Fisheries- 'Service Lake Erie Bottom Trawl Explorations, 1962-66 EDGAR W. BOWMAN NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report-Fisheries Series The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, develop- ment and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also as- sists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report— Fisheries series was established in 1949. The series carries reports on scien- tific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS, or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rockville, Md. 20852. Recent SSRF's are: 619 Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. By Donald S. Dav, Januarv 1971, iii -f 94 pp., 19 figs., 13 tables. 620 The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography Pilot Study. Part IX : The sea-level wind field and wind stress values, July 1963 to June 1965. By Gunter R. Seckel. June 1970, iii -f- 66 pp., 5 figs. 621 Predation by sculpins on fall chinook salmon, Oncorhy rich us tshawytscha, fry of hatchery or- igin. By Benjamin G. Patten. February 1971, iii + 14 pp., 6 figs., 9 tables. 622 Number and lengths, by season, of fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods Hole, Massa- chusetts, September 1961 to December 1962. By F. E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. February 1971, iii + 15 pp., 3 figs., 19 tables. 623 Apparent abundance, distribution, and migra- tions of albacore, Thumvus alalunga, on the North Pacific longline grounds. By Brian J. Rothschild and Marian Y. Y. Yong. September 1970, v + 37 pp., 19 figs., 5 tables. 624 Influence of mechanical processing on the quality and yield of bay scallop meats. Bv N. B. Webb and F. B. Thomas. April 1971, iii + 11 pp., 9 figs., 3 tables. 625 Distribution of salmon and related oceanographic features in the North Pacific Ocean, spring 1968. By Robert R. French, Richard G. Bakkala, Ma- sanao Osako, and Jun Ito. March 1971, iii + 22 pp., 19 figs., 3 tables. 626 Commercial fishery and biology of the fresh- water shrimp. Macrobrachium, in the Lower St. Paul River, Liberia, 1952-53. By George C. Miller. February 1971, iii + 13 pp., 8 figs., 7 tables. 627 Calico scallops of the Southeastern United States, 1959-69. By Robert Cummins, Jr. June 1971, iii + 22 pp., 23 figs., 3 tables. 628 Fur Seal Investigations, 1969. By NMFS, Ma- rine Mammal Biological Laboratory. August 1971, 82 pp., 20 figs., 44 tables, 23 appendix A tables, 10 appendix B tables. 629 Analysis of the operations of seven Hawaiian skipjack tuna fishing vessels, June-August 1967. By Richard N. Uchida and Ray F. Sumida. March 1971, v + 25 pp., 14 figs., 21 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 35 cents. 630 Blue crab meat. I. Preservation by freezing. July 1971, iii + 13 pp., 5 figs., 2 tables. II. Effect of chemical treatments on acceptability. By Jurgen H. Strasser, Jean S. Lennon, and Fred- erick J. King. July 1971, iii + 12 pp., 1 fig., 9 tables. 631 Occurrence of thiaminase in some common aquat- ic animals of the United States and Canada. By R. A. Greig and R. H. Gnaedinger. July 1971, iii + 7 pp., 2 tables. (>.;2 An annotated bibliography of attempts to rear the larvae of marine fishes in the laboratory. By Robert C. May. August 1971, iii + 24 pp., 1 ap- pendix I table, 1 appendix II table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 35 cents. 633 Blueing of processed crab meat. II. Identification of some factors involved in the blue discoloration of canned crab meat Callinectes sapidus. By Melvin E. Waters. May 1971, iii + 7 pp., 1 fig., 3 tables. 634 Age composition, weight, length, and sex of her- ring, Clupea pallasii, used for reduction in Alas- ka, 1929-66. By Gerald M. Reid. July 1971, iii + 25 pp., 4 figs., 18 tables. 635 A bibliography of the blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson). By Grant L. Beardsley and David C. Simmons. August 1971, 10 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - 25 cents. Continued on inside back cover. %^^P^ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Robert W. Schoning, Director NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-674 Lake Erie Bottom Trawl Explorations, 1962-66 EDGAR W. BOWMAN SEATTLE, WA JANUARY 1974 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Vessel, gear, and methods 1 Fishing effort 3 Species composition of trawl catches 4 Discussion by basin 5 Western Basin 5 Central Basin 8 Eastern Basin 9 Discussion by species 11 Yellow perch 11 Rainbow smelt 11 Ale wife 12 Freshwater drum 12 Carp 12 Gizzard shad 12 Miscellaneous species 12 Summary and conclusions 12 Literature cited 13 Figures 1. The Great Lakes RV Kaho of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Branch of Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research 2 2. Fishing sites occupied by RV Kaho during 1962 Lake Erie explorations (Cruises 2 and 4) . . . 3 3. Fishing sites occupied by RV Kaho during 1963 and 1966 Lake Erie explorations (Cruises 11 and 36) 3 4. Map of Lake Erie showing basins and geographic locations mentioned throughout text 4 5. Percentage species composition of alewife, smelt, and yellow perch in exploratory trawl catches by basin and year in Lake Erie 5 6. Species composition of exploratory trawl catches by year in Lake Erie 5 7. Typical mixed catch of Lake Erie fish from the western basin; catch was dominated by carp, sheepshead, yellow perch, and alewife 8 8. Typical catch offish from the central basin of Lake Erie, consisting of nearly equal amounts of yellow perch, smelt, and alewife 10 9. Typical catch offish from the eastern basin of Lake Erie. Catch was composed of about 75% smelt and 25% alewife Table 1. Species composition of 245 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie, 1962-66 Appendix Tables 1 . RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Western Basin of Lake Erie 14 RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Central Basin of Lake Erie 15 3. RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Eastern Basin of Lake Erie 17 iii -> 4. Species composition of 56 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 2, May 1962 18 5. Species composition of 55 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 4, Sep- tember 1962 19 6. Species composition of 87 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 11, May 1963 20 7. Species composition of 47 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 36, Octo- ber 1966 21 IV Lake Erie Bottom Trawl Explorations, 1962-66 EDGAR W. BOWMAN1 ABSTRACT The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (now the National Marine Fisheries Service) Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, at Ann Arbor, Mich., surveyed the abundance, availability to the otter (bottom) trawl, and depth distribution of various Lake Erie fish stocks between April 1962 and October 1966. The four exploratory cruises, conducted aboard the research vessel Kaho, clearly demonstrated the effective- ness of the bottom trawl in producing commercial quantities of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, and rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax. Freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens; carp, Cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; and white bass, Roccus chrysops. were all produced in commercial quantities at least once during the study and collectively accounted for 17. 1% of the total landings. Between the first exploratory cruise in 1962 and the last in 1966 the abundance of yellow perch decreased significantly, and that of alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, increased dramatically. INTRODUCTION A gradual population shift in Lake Erie fisheries has led to commercial extinction of many highly prized species. Lake herring, Coregonus artedii, has ceased to be a factor in the commercial catch statis- tics for Lake Erie after 1947 and can now be consid- ered to be commercially extinct. Blue pike, Stizostedion vitreum glaucum, have declined to the point where in 1964 less than 500 pounds were re- ported taken by U.S. and Canadian fishermen. The population of sauger, S. canadense, declined drasti- cally between 1946 and 1958 and may nowbenearing biological extinction. For years annual production of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, fluctuated between 1 and 7 million pounds but in 1955 landings began to decline sharply. Less than 3,000 pounds were landed by U.S. fishermen in 1966. In 1958, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries began exploratory fishing to find possible alternate commercial species in Lake Erie; explorations through 1959 demonstrated the effectiveness of the bottom trawl in taking commercial quantities of rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, and provided in- formation concerning the distribution of smelt by 'Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich.; present address: Northeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole. MA 02543. area, season, and depth (Sand and Gordon, 1960). Succeeding explorations in 1960 (Carr, 1964) added to the 1958 and 1959 findings and indicated species other than smelt were also available to bottom trawls. During the period 1962-66, seven major food species in Lake Erie made up the bulk of the annual catch: walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum; yellow perch. Perca flavescens; rainbow smelt; freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens; white bass, Roccus chrysops; channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; and carp, Cyprinus carpio. This study is based on two exploratory cruises undertaken in 1962 and one cruise each in 1963 and 1966. The data collected, together with previously gathered data 1) document for the record the fishery population available in Lake Erie between 1962 and 1966 and 2) offer a baseline for future comparison studies of species abundance and composition. VESSEL, GEAR, AND METHODS The Department of the Interior research vessel Kaho (Fig. 1) was used for all exploratory fishing operations. Launched in 1961, the RV Kaho is of steel and aluminum construction, is approximately 65 ft. long, has a 17%-ft beam and a loaded draft of 8 ft. The vessel is rigged for stern trawling and is equipped with a "white line" echo sounder for defin- ing bottom configurations and for detecting fish. Figure 1. — The Great Lakes RV Kaho of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Branch of Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research. All drags throughout this study were made with a 52-ft (headrope) Gulf-of-Mexico type, semi-balloon fish trawl described by Gordon and Brouillard (1961). An additional seven drags during Cruise 4 and eight drags during Cruise 1 1 were made for studies of mesh-size selectivity with a "trouserleg" cod end. The results of that study have been sum- marized by Reigle (1966). Drags lasted 30 min, unless shortened because of rough bottom, snags, gear malfunctions, or station- ary fishing gear (gill nets, pound nets, and trap nets) set within the area of operation. Dragging speeds averaged 2.5 miles per hour with the net held as closely as possible to a constant depth by dragging along the bottom contour. Catches were recorded by species and weight. Additional observations on weather, sea conditions, bottom conditions, and water temperature were recorded at all drag loca- tions. For this study, evaluations of fishing results are based on two methods of calculations: 1) Catch rate — which is pounds produced per unit effort for all drags in a particular evaluation and 2) average catch for effective fishing effort — which is pounds per unit effort for only those drags that contained the species being evaluated (Reigle 1969a, b). Effec- tive fishing effort as well as the analysis of fishing statistics in the Great Lakes has been discussed by Hile (1962). All analyses of catch rate and average catch for effective fishing effort are based on a one- half hour of fishing time. Total fishing time was adjusted into '/2-hr periods, thus drags, which were shorter than one-half hour due to snags or for other reasons, were adjusted and are included in all evalu- ations. Prior to each survey cruise, fishing sites were selected in such a way as to provide information from representative areas over a range of depths and bottom types. Drag locations, by cruise, have been plotted and are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Exploratory cruises are numbered consecutively regardless of the area of operation; thus, the num- bers designating Lake Erie cruises used in this paper are not in sequence. Throughout this paper, a commercially significant catch will be defined as those catches having a gross ex-vessel value of $7.50 per '/2-hr fishing time. The following Vi-hr catch rates are considered to be commercially significant: yellow perch, 85 pounds; rainbow smelt, 150 pounds; freshwater drum, 375 pounds; carp, 220 pounds; channel catfish, 35 pounds; and white bass, 50 pounds. FISHING EFFORT The four cruises, 1962 through 1966, included fishing all three basins of Lake Erie. The operating time of 100 days accounted for 245 trawl drags (over 1 18 hr of fishing). To simplify further discussions, a brief description of each cruise, the geographical delineation of three basins of the lake, and the dis- tribution of fishing effort follow. The first Lake Erie cruise of this study (Cruise 2 of the Kaho) covered the 26 days from 25 April to 20 May 1962; 56 experimental 30-min drags were completed. Cruise 4 (the second Lake Erie cruise) covered the 18 days from 23 September to 10 October 1962. Sixty-two experimental drags were completed, seven of which were made for the study of mesh- size selectivity and are not discussed in this paper. Three of the remaining 55 drags were cut short on account of snags and rough bottom. Cruise 1 1 (the third Lake Erie cruise) covered the 29 days from 22 May to 20 June 1963. Eighty-seven exploratory drags were completed, six of which 83 8'2 81 s'o A l>U ERIE EIRtORATIOftS ONTARIO _ t r MICK ( ^9 ,--"'' --.""". 'L NEW YORK 1 PENN. IEGEN0 * Tri.il drtg OHIO • S*«9 tntoun '"" J , r e's 8<2 1 81 e'o it !_»■£ ERIE ElftOMTIOXS CtnIm • <•<< it o,. ONTARIO ~^—p MICH. f ^J ,,--."."" -- ;" .'-/r NEW YORK A-^u- : penn. ' ^~\ "a. * • LEGEM) * Tr«.l art; OHIO * S"*» *"'"" "" ? LA« ERIE EmOMtlOHS 1 83 A a', e'o L»«£ ERIC (i pi WHH WIS ONTARIO r—^~^ — ~^S MICK ( ^3 ,'-'":. -^ I NEW YORK .- PENN. ' LtGINO ■ T...1 Or., OHIO * Sn«9 tncounttrM ""■" ■"•' Figure 2. — Fishing sites occupied by RV Kaho during 1962 Lake Erie explorations (Cruises 2 and 4). Figure 3 —Fishing sites occupied by RV Kaho during 1963 and 1966 Lake Erie explorations (Cruises 1 1 and 36). were terminated early due to gear damage or to avoid bottom obstacles and gill nets. Cruise 36 (the final cruise included in this study) covered the 20 days from 12 October to 31 October 1966. Forty-seven exploratory drags were com- pleted, six of which were terminated early due to gear damage, gear malfunction, or total loss of the trawl. The combined effort (245 drags used here) of all four exploratory cruises was distributed among the three basins of Lake Erie as follows: Western Basin 60 drags Central Basin 125 drags Eastern Basin 60 drags The Western Basin is separated from the Central Basin by an imaginary line connecting the tip of Point Pelee, Ontario, and the tip of Cedar Point, Ohio. The Eastern Basin begins at an imaginary line connecting the base of Long Point, Ontario, and the base of Presque Isle, Pa. (Fig. 4). A summary of all drags by basin appears in Appendix Tables 1 through 3. SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TRAWL CATCHES Results obtained from the data collected during the Lake Erie explorations serve to point out by basin and year the relative shift in species composi- tion from 1962 to 1966 (Fig. 5). Appendix Tables 4 through 7 indicate species composition duringeach of the four cruises discussed in this paper. The exceptionally good hatch of yellow perch in 1959 was evidently responsible for the dominance of this species in the 1962 and 1963 trawl catches (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 4, 1966). Alewives were not taken in trawl catches at all dur- ing Cruise 2 (1962) and only in modest quantities during Cruises 4 (1962) and 11 (1963). In 1966, how- ever, during Cruise 36, a sizable population was evident — alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus , ac- counted for 54.4% of the total catch. Rainbow smelt was the second most abundant species during each of the four cruises. Though smelt accounted for 34.4% of the total trawl catch during Cruise 4 (1962), in October of 1966, during Cruise 36, smelt accounted for only 23.9% of the total catch (Fig. 6). statute miles Figure 4. — Map of Lake Erie showing basins and geographic locations mentioned throughout text. : L J. J APRIL 25- MAY 20, 1962 DISCUSSION BY BASIN The following section discusses the physical characteristics, catch rates, best catches, and high yield locations of the three basins of Lake Erie. Am SEPTEMBER 23-OCTOBER 10, 196? d MAY 22-JUNE 20, 1963 n J ll OCTOBER 12-OCTOBER 31, 1966 LEGEND ALEWIFE r'V'syj SMELT YELLOW PERCH m9 OTHERS Figure 5. — Percentage species composition of alewife. smelt, and yellow perch inexploratory trawl catches by basinand year in Lake Erie. In all, the 245 exploratory trawl catches yielded 31 species offish (positively identified). One other species, the silver chub, Hybopsis storeriana, was tentatively identified but not verified, and is there- fore not included in the species composition count. Van Meter and Trautman (1970) reported that 138 species have been reported in Lake Erie at one time or another. Nine species — yellow perch; rainbow smelt; alewife; freshwater drum; carp; gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum; channel catfish; white bass; and goldfish, Carassius auratus — composed 98.4% of the total catch. The remaining 22 miscellaneous species were not taken in signifi- cant quantities. The occurrence, total pounds landed, catch rate, and average catch for effective effort for all species are summarized in Table 1. Figure 6. — Species composition of explora- tory trawl catches by year in Lake Erie. Western Basin Collectively, for all four cruises in the Western Basin, the 16,995 pounds offish landed, yielded an average '/2-hr catch of 287 pounds. The 1,265 square miles of surface area in the basin represent 12.8% of the total surface area of Lake Erie. The 60 ex- ploratory drags completed in the Western Basin disclosed many new grounds suitable for bottom trawling. For the most part, the Western Basin has a mud bottom. It has, however, a rather extensive area of sand which extends from south of the Detroit River east to Pelee Island. Also, a narrow band of clay interspersed with rock and gravel shoals follows the Ohio shore. This bottom area has traditionally been the spawning grounds of many fishes. CRUISE 2 1962 CRUISE 4 1962 CRUISE 11 CRUISE 36 1963 LEGEND 1966 YELLOW PERCH BUMl SHbtHSHtAU FtfKW::K3 GIZZARD SHAD SMELT I US OTHERS ALEWIFE Table 1. — Species composition of 245 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie. 1962-66. Species Total catch Occurrences in total drags Catch rate per 1/2 hr effort Average catch for effective 1/2 hr effort Pounds Percent 1/ Number Percent 1/ Yellow perch (Perca f lavescens ) Rainbow smelt (Osmcrus mordax) Alewife (Alosa pseudoharenqus ) Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) Carp (Cyprinus carpio ) Gizzard shad (Porosoma cepedianum) Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) White bass (Roccus chrysops ) Goldfish (Carassius auratus ) Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius ) Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides ) White sucker (Catostomus commersoni ) Burbot (Lota lota) Trout-perch (Per cops is omiscomaycus ) Quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus) Sauger (Stizostedion canadense ) Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis Black bullhead ( Ictalurus melas ) Lake herring (Coregonus artedii) Stonecat (Noturus f lavus ) Stoneroller (Compostoma anomalum ) Sea lamprey ( Pet romyzon marinus ) White crappie (Pomoxis annularis ) Buffalo ( Ictiobus sp.) Yellow bullhead ( Ictalurus natalis ) Sraallraouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui ) Purapkinseed ( Lepomis qibbosus ) Rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris ) Longnose gar (Lepisos teus osseus ) Logperch (Percina caprodes ) 15,455 32 .1 203 82.9 14,760 30 .7 219 89.4 7,200 15 .0 104 42.4 3,709 7 .7 97 39.6 2,939 6 .1 47 19.2 1,216 2 .5 55 22.4 944 2 .0 45 18.4 654 1 .4 114 46 .5 447 0 .9 8 3.3 229 0 .5 50 20.4 138 0 .3 80 32.7 100 0 .2 31 12 .7 78 0 .2 34 13.9 58 0 .1 12 4.9 53 0 .1 43 17.6 30 T 7 2.9 23 T 2 0.8 22 T 5 2.0 19 T 11 4.5 15 T 2 0.8 4 T 4 1.6 4 T 4 1.6 3 T 3 1.2 2 T 2 0.8 2 T 1 0.8 2 T 2 0.8 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T Pounds 1/ Pounds 65.3 79.3 62.4 69.6 30.4 71.6 15.7 39.2 12.4 64.9 5.1 23.2 4.0 21 .8 2.8 6.0 1.9 55.9 1.0 4.6 0.6 1.8 0.4 32.3 0.3 2.3 0.2 4.8 0.2 1.2 0.1 4.3 0.1 11.5 0.1 4.4 0.1 1.8 0.1 7.5 T 1.1 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.5 T 1.1 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 2.0 T 1.0 T 1.3 1/ T = Trace, less than 0.1. All trawling in this basin was conducted in waters from 3 to 7 fathoms with 76.7% of all drags being made at depths of 4 and 5 fathoms. Though the Western Basin has a maximum depth of 8 fathoms, it has a mean depth of about 4 fathoms. The many islands in the eastern portion of the basin are sur- rounded by shallow water. Cruise 2, April-May 1962. — Catches during Cruise 2 were not large enough to be considered commercially significant with the exception of three good catches of yellow perch. The catch rate for all fish caught during Cruise 2 was 96.3 pounds per one-half hour of effort. The general lack offish con- centrations throughout trawlable areas probably can be accounted for by the normal seasonal in- shore spawning run which was underway at the time. On the basis of the standard '/2-hr drag, best catches of yellow perch were as follows: 190 pounds at 3 fathoms, east of Stony Point, Mich.; 200 pounds at 5 fathoms, west of Pelee Island; and 240 pounds at 7 fathoms, north of Kelleys Island. Nearly all perch caught were 7.5 to 8.5 inches; the average length was 8.0 inches. Cruise 4, September-October 1962.— As a re- sult of eight exploratory drags during Cruise 4, a Vi-hr catch rate of 439.5 pounds was obtained with total production reaching 3,516 pounds offish. Yellow perch made up 51.6% of the total catch, of which 31.9% were 8 inches or more, 19.2% were between 4 and 8 inches, and 0.5% were under 4 inches long. The remainder of the total catch, in order of decreasing abundance, was carp, alewife, freshwater drum, and gizzard shad. All drags were west of the tip of Catawba Island, Ohio, and Cedar Beach, Ontario, at depths between 4 and 5 fathoms. Five of the eight drags were in areas with mud bottoms and three drags were in areas containing a mixture of mud and sand. Best catches were southeast of the mouth of the River Raisin, northeast of West Sister Island, southeast of East Sister Island, and west of Rattlesnake Is- land. One 200-pound catch of alewives was made just west of Put-in-Bay, South Bass Island, in 5 fathoms. Cruise 11, May-June 1963.— During Cruise 11, 27 drags yielded a total production of 8.192 pounds of fish at an average Vi-hr catch rate of 312.7 pounds. Trawl catches of yellow perch were equal to. or better than, catches made by Bureau research ves- sels since exploratory fishing was first started in Lake Erie in 1958. Of the 2,795 pounds of yellow perch taken during this cruise, 34.2% was taken at depths ranging between 3 and 4 fathoms, and 65.8% was taken between 4 and 7 fathoms; corresponding Vi-hr catch rates were 115.1 pounds and 103.4 pounds, respectively. An exceptionally good catch of 950 pounds of freshwater drum was taken west of Put-in-Bay in 5 fathoms. Another 30-min drag in 3 fathoms west of the tip of Catawba Island produced 550 pounds of drum. Smelt landings on this cruise accounted for 2% of all fish taken in the Western Basin; the largest catch — 80 pounds — was taken in 5 fathoms directly south of Middle Sister Island. Best individual catches of yellow perch were 320 pounds taken 1 mile west of South Bass Island in 4 fathoms and 500 pounds taken 3 miles southeast of Middle Sister Island in 5 fathoms of water. Mud was the most common bottom type throughout this cruise, although several stations di- rectly south of the mouth of the Detroit River showed a mixture of sand and mud. Trawling bot- tom was good except for a location approximately 4 miles east of South Bass Island, which had a rough bottom. Cruise 36, October 1966.— Of the 13 drags com- pleted in the Western Basin during Cruise 36, 10 were made near South, Middle, and North Bass Islands, in depths of 3 to 7 fathoms. The total of 4,131 pounds offish landed corresponded to an av- erage '/2-hr catch rate of 317.8 pounds. During this cruise the 1,648 pounds of alewives landed accounted for 39.9% of the total catch; 74.3% of these alewives, however, were from two 30-min drags. One catch of 475 pounds was taken at 5 fathoms southeast of Middle Sister Island, and the largest catch of 750 pounds was made at 4 fathoms, alongside the Toledo channel in the extreme west- ern end of the lake. Previous cruises had produced few alewives; in- stead, the dominant species had been yellow perch, freshwater drum, and carp. Carp landings, this cruise, totaled 569 pounds; the two best catches were 150 and 170 pounds. Carp were taken from 12 of the 13 trawl stations in amounts ranging from 3 to 170 pounds per drag. A total of 426 pounds of gizzard shad was taken — the largest catch (120 pounds) from 4 Figure 7. — Typical mixed catch of Lake Erie fish from the western basin; catch was dominated by carp, sheepshead, yellow perch, and alewife. fathoms off Lakeside, Ohio. Smelt were taken in all trawl drags in amounts of 1 to 75 pounds. During previous cruises, smelt accounted for only a very small portion of the total Western Basin landings; during this cruise, however, smelt made up 8.2% of the catch, a rise of 6% over Cruise 11 (Fig. 7). Central Basin Collectively, for all four cruises in the Central Basin the 21,351 pounds offish landed yielded an average Vi-hr catch rate of 179.3 pounds. The Central Basin has a surface area of 6,246 square miles and accounts for 62.9% of the total area of Lake Erie. The U.S. waters of this basin provide numerous areas suitable for bottom trawl- ing. The shallow waters, however, are generally not suited to trawling because of rough bottom or the presence of stationary gill nets or trap nets. Cruise 2 produced 589 pounds of fish with an average '/2-hr catch rate of 19 pounds. Best '/i-hr catches of smelt were 65 pounds taken off Fairport. Ohio, at a depth of 13 fathoms, and 75 pounds at 7 fathoms off Lorain, Ohio. Only one notable catch of yellow perch ( 1 10 pounds) was made just east of Kelleys Island in the extreme western end of the Central Basin. Cruise 4 produced 6,647 pounds of fish at an av- erage !/*>-hr catch rate of 247 pounds. The average Vi-hr catch rate of yellow perch was 169 pounds; concentrations of young-of-the-year were heavy in 11, 12, and 13 fathoms from Erie, Pa., to Vermilion, Ohio. Smelt, gizzard shad, and freshwater drum — the second, third, and fourth most abundant species in the catch — accounted for 7.9, 6.9, and 4.6% of the total. The largest catch of smelt was 250 pounds, at 7 fathoms off Vermilion. Of the 4,560 pounds of yel- low perch taken, 7.6% were from waters 5 to 10 fathoms deep and 92.4% were from 11 to 13 fathoms. Cruise 11 produced 7,613 pounds of fish at an average Vi-hr catch rate of 215 pounds. Catches of yellow perch were good off Avon Point and Fair- port, Ohio; two drags yielded 540 and 410 pounds, respectively. Both catches were from 9 fathoms. Two catches of 390 and 300 pounds were taken east of Kelleys Island in 7 fathoms, and 220 pounds were taken north of Ashtabula, Ohio, from 1 1 fathoms. Eleven drags in the Central Basin produced from 100 to 470 pounds of smelt; catches were good near Ashtabula, Conneaut, Fairport, and between Huron and Vermilion, at depths of 7 to 11 fathoms. No species other than yellow perch and rainbow smelt were taken in quantities large enough to be considered commercially significant. Cruise 36 produced 6,502 pounds of fish with an average '/2-hr catch rate of 253 pounds. Alewife were present in all 28 drags and accounted for 4,454 pounds, or 68.5%, of the total catch. The average '/i-hr catch rate was slightly more than 173 pounds per drag, and catches of 200 pounds and more were made in 14 of the 28 drags. The largest catch (350 pounds) was made off Huron, Ohio, in 7 fathoms. Catches were generally greatest at 10 fathoms and deeper, where the catch rate for alewife was 215 pounds per Vi-hr drag. Smelt, the second most abundant species, ac- counted for 1,652 pounds of the total catch. The largest catch of 225 pounds was taken at 9 fathoms off Ashtabula. Most smelt catches were considera- bly smaller than those of preceding cruises, a fact reflected by the average Vi-hr catch rate of only 64.3 pounds. The few gizzard shad caught (144 pounds) were mostly taken west of Cleveland, Ohio. During this cruise, trawling in the Central Basin produced only 93 pounds of yellow perch; the largest catch of 30 pounds was taken from 12 fathoms off Ashtabula. Though yellow perch appeared in 19 of the 28 catches, 18 of the 19 produced only 1 to 10 pounds. Eastern Basin The Eastern Basin occupies 2.408 square miles of surface area — 24.3% of the total surface area of the lake. The Eastern Basin has a predominantly mud bottom, though sand or clay often may extend out from shore and into bays. Bottom conditions throughout the U.S. portion of the Eastern Basin were trawlable, with the exception of most water shallower than 7 fathoms. Cruise 2, April-May 1 962.— During Cruise 2, the 13 drags made in the Eastern Basin produced a total of only 140 pounds offish at an average Vi-hr catch rate of 10.8 pounds. Though few fish were located in trawlable areas, one heavy midwater concentra- tion several miles long was recorded on the echo sounder in the deepest area of the lake near the junction of the international and New York- Pennsylvania boundaries. The largest single catch was 55 pounds of smelt from 6 fathoms taken off Sturgeon Point, N.Y. Other catches ranged from 1 to 15 pounds. Cruise 4, September-October 1962. — Cruise 4 produced commercially significant catches of smelt taken from waters between 12 and 25 fathoms deep. Five drags off Barcelona, N.Y., took 150, 300, 450, 480, and 600 pounds each; and off Erie, Pa., three drags took 120, 150, and 1,120 pounds each. All drags lasted the standard 30 min. A total of 4,650 pounds of smelt in 18 drags gave a Vi-hr catch rate of 258 pounds. Yellow perch was caught in 16 of the 18 drags; the largest catch of 170 pounds was taken in 14 fathoms off Erie. The remaining catches of yellow perch ranged between 1 and 1 1 pounds. The aver- age !/2-hr catch rate was only 15 pounds. Alewife appeared in 12 of the drags but never exceeded 8 pounds per drag. Cruise 11, May-June 1963. — During Cruise 11, smelt continued to be the dominant species; 3,097 pounds were taken in 23 drags. The average '/2-hr catch rate for all species combined was 156.5 pounds. Alewife were not taken from this basin dur- ing the cruise. The best catch of smelt was 550 pounds in 15 fathoms off Erie. Pa. On the New York- Pennsylvania border, 250 pounds were taken from 18 fathoms. In the Dunkirk-Sturgeon Point area, catches were 250, 350, and 380 pounds at depths of 9 and 10 fathoms. For all drags the average '/^-hr catch rate for smelt was 142.7 pounds. Only 247 pounds of yellow perch were taken in 20 drags; the largest catch of 75 pounds was taken in 14 Figure 8. — Typical catch offish from the central hasin of Lake Erie, consisting of nearly equal amounts of yellow perch, smelt, and alewife. fathoms off Erie. Other catches of yellow perch ranged from 1 to 50 pounds. Cruise 36, October 1966.— During Cruise 36, severe weather limited trawling in the Eastern Basin to six drags. Smelt accounted for 820 pounds of the total catch of 1,126 pounds. The largest smelt catch was 325 pounds taken at 20 fathoms northeast of Erie, Pa. Other smelt catches ranged from 10 to 200 pounds and averaged 103.1 pounds per Vi-hr drag. A total of 290 pounds of alewife were caught in six drags. The largest catch of 160 pounds was taken from 15 fathoms northeast of Erie. Other catches ranged from 10 to 75 pounds. 10 Figure 9.— Typical catch offish from the eastern basin of Lake Erie. Catch was composed of about 75% smelt and 25% alewife. DISCUSSION BY SPECIES The following section discusses fishing results for each of the more important species taken during this study. The order of discussion is based on the order of the total landings for the four cruises. Yellow Perch Though yellow perch was the most abundant of the 31 species recorded in trawl catches during these explorations, the number of pounds caught and the percentage of catch composition dropped off drastically between 1963 and 1966. The best Vi-hr catch of yellow perch was made during Cruise 4, when 1,040 pounds were taken at a depth of 12 fathoms in the Central Basin off Fairport, Ohio. Clearly, yellow perch were concentrated in the Western and Central Basins; the Eastern Basin produced only modest catches. Yellow perch was taken mainly at depths of 3 to 7 fathoms in the Western Basin, from 3 to 13 fathoms in the Central Basin, and from 6 to 32 fathoms in the Eastern Basin. The best catches were in the Western Basin from 5 fathoms. Thirteen of the 33 drags made at that depth produced catches ranging from 100 to 720 pounds per drag. Of the 13 drags that produced 100 or more pounds of yellow perch, 7 produced catches from 100 to 199 pounds, 3 from 200 to 499 pounds, and 3 from 500 to 720 pounds. Rainbow Smelt Throughout the study period, smelt was the most 11 stable of the three most abundant species (yellow perch, smelt, and alewife). although the percentage of smelt in the catches showed a slight decline from 1962 to 1966. The largest quantities of smelt were taken from the Eastern Basin where it remained the dominant species throughout the study. The majority of drags that produced catches in excess of 100 pounds were at depths of 9 to 30 fathoms. The largest catch of smelt (1,120 pounds) was taken at 19 fathoms northeast of Erie, Pa., during Cruise 4. From the Western Basin, only 5% of the drags produced catches of 50 to 80 pounds taken from 4 and 5 fathoms; in the Central Basin, catches ranged from 1 to 470 pounds and varied from 3 to 13 fathoms. Alewife During the study period the number of pounds taken by the trawl of alewife progressively in- creased to the point where this species dominated the total catch landed in 1966. In terms of pounds, the alewife landings in 1966 (6,392 pounds) were nearly 10 times greater than those made during Cruise 4 (September-October 1962) and 41 times greater than those made during Cruise 11 (May- June 1963). Alewife landings during Cruise 4 were taken mainly from the Western and Central Basins, but landings during Cruise 1 1 came almost exclu- sively from the Western Basin. Catches landed dur- ing Cruise 36 (October 1966) were primarily from the Western and Central Basins, although the size of catches taken from the Eastern Basin increased somewhat. Throughout the period, alewife was taken from the Western Basin at depths of 3 to 7 fathoms; the best concentrations were at 4 to 5 fathoms. Central Basin catches ranged from 3 to 13 fathoms, but best concentrations were at 10 to 13 fathoms. Eastern Basin catches were scattered between 10 and 30 fathoms; the largest landing was taken from 15 fathoms. The largest catch of alewife (750 pounds) was taken from the Western Basin in 4 fathoms, north- east of the Maumee River during Cruise 36. Freshwater Drum Freshwater drum was the fourth most abundant species in trawl catches through the study. A total of 3,709 pounds were taken; best catches were from the Western Basin at 3 to 7 fathoms. Central Basin catches were more sporadic: catches ranged from 1 to 70 pounds and were taken from water between 3 and 13 fathoms deep. Only a few (4 pounds) drum were taken from the Eastern Basin through the en- tire period. The largest catch of drum (950 pounds) was taken from the Western Basin at 5 fathoms south of Rat- tlesnake Island on 23 May 1963. Carp Carp, the fifth most abundant species in trawl catches yielded landings of 2,939 pounds during the study, slightly more than 86% of the carp came from the Western Basin. All carp were caught in waters from 3 to 10 fathoms deep, though better than 80% of the carp came from 4 to 6 fathoms. Seven drags in the Western Basin produced catches of 150 to 510 pounds. These catches were made east and west of the North, Middle, and South Bass Islands. The best catch (510 pounds) was taken from 4 fathoms east of South Bass Island. More than 82% of the 359 pounds of carp from the Central Basin were taken from 7 and 8 fathoms. The largest catch (120 pounds) was made at 7 fathoms from the extreme western end of the Central Basin. The Eastern Basin produced a total of only 46 pounds all from two drags during Cruise 4. Gizzard Shad The sixth most abundant species, gizzard shad, made up 2.5% of the total catch; 1,216 pounds were taken in 55 drags. The largest number of gizzard shad appeared in 1962 (643 pounds); during the 1963 explo- ration, however, catches fell off dramatically to where only 1 pound was taken. In 1966 catches in- creased to the point where 55 pounds were taken from 30 drags. Though gizzard shad was taken at depths up to 15 fathoms, most were taken at 4 to 8 fathoms. Three catches exceeded 100 pounds, two catches from the Western Basin during Cruise 36 (October 1966) and the third from the Central Basin during Cruise 4. Miscellaneous Species The following species, in order of descending poundage, were taken in trawl catches from Lake Erie: channel catfish; white bass; goldfish; walleye; spottail shiner, Notropis hudsonius; emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides; white suckers, 12 Catostomus commersoni; burbot, Lota lota; trout-perch, Percopsis omiscomaycus; quillback, Carpoides cyprinus; sauger; lake whitefish; black bullhead, Ictalurus melas; lake herring; stonecat, Noturus flavus; stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum; sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; white crappie, Pomoxis annularis; buffalo, Ictiobus sp.; yellow bullhead, Ictalurus natalis; smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui; pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus; rock bass, Ambloplites repestris; longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus; and logperch, Percina caprodes. Only channel catfish and white bass were caught in quantities with regularity. Though total poundage of the above 25 miscellaneous species amounted to 5.9% of the total landings, the first six species ac- counted for 5.2%; the remaining 19 species contrib- uted only 0.7% of the total. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Exploia tory Fishing and Gear Base at Ann Arbor, con- ducted a 4-Cruise exploratory fishing survey throughout the U.S. waters of Lake Erie between April 1962 and October 1966 aboard the RV Kaho. The objectives of this survey were to determine the feasibility of using the bottom trawl in various areas of Lake Erie and to determine the relative abun- dance, location, and depth distribution of various fish stocks within the lake. The following conclu- sions may be drawn from the results of these ef- forts: 1. With few exceptions, the bottom of all U.S. waters of the three basins of Lake Erie was suitable for bottom trawling. 2. Yellow perch and rainbow smelt were har- vested with bottom trawl in amounts consid- ered to be commercially significant. Alewife, freshwater drum, carp, gizzard shad, channel catfish, and white bass provided significant supplements to total catches and collectively contributed 34.6% to the total landings. 3. Yellow perch was taken from the Western and Central Basins in good quantities in 1962 and 1963, but during the 1966 survey, vellow perch was not taken from any basin by trawl in quan- tities large enough to be considered commer- cially significant. 4. Alewife was not taken at all during Cruise 2 (April-May 1962) and catches were small dur- ing Cruises 4 (September-October 1962) and 11 (May-June 1963). During Cruise 36 (Oc- tober 1966), good catches — made in each of the three basins — accounted for the largest portion of the total catch. 5. Rainbow smelt declined slightly between 1962 and 1966, but the species remained the second most abundant (by weight) during each cruise. Best concentrations of smelt were in the East- ern Basin of the lake. 6. Walleye, sauger, lake whitefish, and lake her- ring, all once commercially abundant in Lake Erie, were not located in commercially sig- nificant amounts during this study. LITERATURE CITED CARR, I. A. 1964. Lake Erie fisheries explorations, May-November 1960. Commer. Fish. Rev. 26(4):l-8. GORDON. G., and K. D. BROUILLARD. 1961. Great Lakes trawler conversion. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Leafl. 510, 15 p. H1LE, R. 1962. Collection and analysis of commercial fisheries statis- tics in the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fish. Comm., Tech. Rep. 5, 31 p. REIGLE, N. J., JR. 1966. Trawl cod-end mesh size selectivity toward yellow perch in Lake Erie. Commer. Fish. Rev. 28(2): 1-5. 1969a. Bottom trawl explorations in Lake Superior. 1963-1965. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 294, 25 p. 1969b. Bottom trawl explorations in southern Lake Michigan, 1962-65. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 301, 35 p. SAND. R. F.. and W. G. GORDON. 1960. Exploratory fishing in Lake Erie, September 1958-November 1959. Commer. Fish. Rev. 22(6): 1-12. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, REGION 4. 1966. Report on commercial fisheries resources of the Lake Erie Basin. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv., Region 4. Ann Arbor, Mich., Rep.. Aug. 1966, 113 p. VAN METER, H. D., and M. B. TRAUTMAN. 1970. An annotated list of the fishes of Lake Erie and its tributary waters exclusive of the Detroit River. Ohio J. Sci. 70:65-78. 13 APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1. — RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Western Basin of Lake Erie. Cruise Depth No. Drag Lat . Long. No . N . W . Time Course of Fished Limiting Yellow Rainbow day factor!/ perch Smelt Alewife ' Freshwater' drum Catch Gizzard Channel White Carp shad catfish bass Others^/ Total Min. 5-20 61 41 = 56 83°12 • SW. 1400 30 5-20 62 41=48 83=16' SW. 1530 30 5-14 53 41 = 35 82=55' E. 1630 30 5-15 54 41 "42 83=14' SE. 1510 30 5-20 60 41 = 54 83=09' NE. 1300 30 5-14 51 41=42 82=43' SW. 1500 30 5-14 52 41 "38 82 =46 ' S. 1610 30 5-16 55 41=40 82=52' NW. 0810 30 5-16 56 41=45 82=51' NW. 0920 30 5-16 57 41=47 82 =46 ' SW. 1050 30 5-20 59 41=49 83°00' E. 1120 30 5-16 58 41 = 38 82=41 ' W. 1300 30 1962 9-23 63 41 = 56 83=08' s. 1000 30 9-24 69 41 = 36 82 = 52' s. 1140 30 9-23 64 41 = 52 83=17' s. 1110 30 9-23 65 41=47 83=00' E. 1310 30 9-23 66 41 = 46 82=54' SE. 1410 30 9-24 67 41=42 82=58' SE. 0910 30 9-24 68 41=40 82=51' S. 1020 30 9-24 70 41 = 41 82=42' SW. 1340 30 1963 5-23 131 41=35 82=53' W. 1330 30 5-23 132 41 = 34 82=56' W. 1450 10 5-26 144 41=41 83°14' NW. 1010 30 5-23 129 41 = 39 82=48' SW. 1000 30 5-25 141 41 = 55 83=07' SW. 1310 30 5-25 142 41 = 52 83=11' S. 1410 30 5-26 143 41=47 83=12 ' s. 0840 30 5-26 145 41=44 83=06' s. 1130 30 5-28 154 41 = 39 82=45' SW. 1240 30 5-23 128 41 = 38 82=44' S. 0830 25 5-23 130 41=40 82=50' NW. 1150 30 5-25 138 41=40 82=56' NW. 0900 30 5-25 139 41=45 82=52 • SE. 1020 30 5-25 140 41=48 82=59' NW. 1130 30 5-26 146 41=48 83=06' SE. 1240 30 5-28 153 41 = 39 82=48' N. 1140 30 6-15 198 41=40 82=56' NW. 0720 30 6-15 199 41°44 83 = 02 ' NW. 0830 30 6-15 200 41=48 83=00' SE. 0940 30 6-15 201 41=46 82=54' SE. 1040 30 6-15 202 41=40 82=50' W. 1200 30 6-15 203 41=40 82=52' SW. 1250 30 6-15 204 41=39 82=52' W. 1330 30 6-15 205 41=40 82=51 • SE. 1420 30 5-26 147 41=43 82=46 ' SE. 1510 30 6-16 206 41=42 82=45' S. 0710 30 6-16 207 41 = 39 82=42' E. 0800 30 1966 10-13 240 41 = 55 83=18' E. 0930 30 10-18 247 41=33 83=01 ' E. 1030 30 10-12 238 41=47 83=19' NE. 1440 30 10-18 246 41=34 82=50' SE. 0820 30 10-12 239 41=49 83=09' SE. 1610 30 10-13 241 41=43 83=05' E. 1400 30 10-13 242 41 = 37 82 ° 52 ' N. 1540 30 10-14 244 41 = 51 83=01' S. 0930 30 10-18 248 41=37 82=44' N. 1210 30 10-14 243 41=35 83=2 5' N. 0750 30 10-18 2 50 41=42 82=50' W. 1440 30 10-14 245 41=47 83=01' SE. 1030 30 10-18 249 41=42 82=45' NW. 1310 3 0 190 95 20 7 90 28 18 15 70 200 80 240 1 25 720 550 220 230 45 25 320 5 50 25 70 5 65 5 100 5 90 1 190 1 25 - 170 - 190 1 500 5 100 1 180 1 120 - 75 1 0 3 - 0 20 " 0 25 1 - 20 75 8 50 750 1 30 35 3 30 40 7 30 70 1 10 5 1 25 475 2 75 75 - 1 16 1 2 1 1 20 75 0 20 30 50 22 80 10 11 15 - - 20 80 1 10 75 220 1 20 10 80 30 10 5 150 60 10 8 220 5 20 550 100 140 2 - 45 12 2 - - 150 510 - 23 40 10 950 440 10 - 70 12 21 140 40 15 200 32 30 150 1 12 120 3 100 21 70 1 00 170 1 2 7 5 90 150 10 5 33 200 1 11 4 - 11 - 2 15 6 200 100 29 100 3 6 33 310 4 780 8 690 9 580 14 380 6 480 9 290 10 810 2 230 28 170 28 1,041 38 140 7 100 10 120 16 230 5 280 14 260 14 1,630 14 210 11 240 10 541 3 150 3 280 3 140 2 100 3 90 3 180 18 300 19 110 31 100 7 320 10 140 25 80 7 200 04 533 2 176 2 856 14 288 12 94 8 291 4 50 2 509 1 243 11 152 16 352 4 116 26 471 IV 0 - clear drag, 1 - snag encountered (no gear damage), 2 . loss of net), 5 - wind over 20 m.p.h., 6 - strong current bottom, 9 - set fishing gear in area. gear malfunction, 3 - minor gear damage, 4 - major gear damage (including 7 . adverse weather condition (including high seas, fog, and ice), 8 - rough 2/ Include goldfish, walleye, spottail shiner, emerald shiner, white sucker, burbot, trout-perch, quillback, sauger, Lake whitefish, black bullhead, lake herring, stonecat, stoneroller, sea lamprey, white crappie, buffalo, yellow bullhead, logperch, longnose gar, smalltoouth bass, pumpkin seed, and rock bass. 14 Appendix Table 2— RV Kaho fishing log— trawl stations in the Central Basin of Lake Erie. Position Time Cruise Depth Date Drag Lat. Long. Course of Fished Limiting Yellow Rainbow No. No. N. W. day Freshwater factor 1/ perch Smelt Alewlfe drum Gizzard Carp shad Channel White catfish bass Gthers2/ Total 1962 Mln. 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 5-14 5-13 5-9 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-13 5-14 5-14 5-14 5-10 5-11 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-11 S-I2 5-13 5-9 5-10 5-10 5-13 5-9 5-9 5-10 10 48 49 50 25 37 23 30 32 36 40 45 20 26 27 46 21 22 28 29 33 35 39 34 3S 41 30' 82 39' 40 27' 82 19' 42 05' 80 29' 41 51' 81 07' 41 40' 81 30' 41 32' 82 16' 41 36' 82 16' 41 36' 82 34' 41 40' 82 34' 41 36' 82 37' 41 58' 80 39' 41 47' 81 20' 42 07' 80 24' 42 00' 80 41' 41 53' 81 06' 41 48' 81 18' 41 44' 81 31' 41 39' 82 16' 42 15' 80 32' 42 03' 80 39' 42 17' 80 43' 41 43' 82 12' 42 14' 80 28' 42 09' 80 24' 42 13' 80 46' 42 08' 80 41' 41 52' 81 08' 41 53' 81 19' 41 44' 81 33' 41 52' 81 17' 42 01' 81 31' NE. 0930 30 0 NE. 0810 30 0 SW. 1710 30 0 E. 0920 30 0 SW. 1410 30 0 W. 0930 30 0 W. 1040 30 0 W. 1100 30 0 SE. 1210 30 0 SW. 1250 30 0 E. 0710 30 0 W. 1700 30 0 SW. 1510 30 0 w. 1800 30 0 w. 1030 30 0 w. 1610 30 0 w. 1250 30 0 SE. 1200 30 0 N. 0950 30 5 w. 0850 30 0 SW. 1310 30 0 NW. 1340 30 0 SW. 1150 30 0 SW. 1350 30 0 SW. 1430 30 0 SW. 1600 30 0 E. 1140 30 0 E. 1240 30 0 E. 1050 30 0 W. 1320 30 0 W. 0910 30 0 20 5 3 10 . 2 - 12 1 1 5 75 1 5 1 3 10 50 3 1 1 1 2 20 1 1 3 1 8 40 17 65 45 38 18 11 3 12 3 80 6 6 160 6 1 1 5 26 2 3 21 1 2 4 3 8 40 17 65 45 5 9-25 71 41 27' 82 36' N. 0940 4 3 1 1 - - 1 4 1 1 1 10 6 10-4 98 42 00' 80 32' E. 1550 30 0 12 6 - - - - - 90 2 110 6 10-10 122 41 35' 82 20' NE. 1200 30 0 10 25 1 - - 10 - - 1 47 6 10-10 123 41 39' 82 22' N. 1400 30 0 - 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - 4 6 10-10 124 41 40' 82 22' W. 1450 30 0 2 10 1 1 45 6 - - 65 7 9-25 72 41 33' 82 36' NE. 1030 30 0 - - 1 1 - - 2 7 9-25 73 41 35' 82 35' SW. 1120 30 0 1 - 1 4 120 5 4 3 2 140 7 9-26 74 41 36' 82 34' E. 1450 30 0 2 1 1 1 - 40 1 2 2 50 7 10-10 121 41 33' 82 23' E. 1100 30 0 120 250 1 4 - 40 3 6 6 430 8 9-26 75 41 34' 82 28' NE. 1610 30 0 25 1 1 40 20 130 2 3 8 230 8 9-26 76 41 38' 82 27' W. 1730 30 0 20 1 1 5 95 80 3 5 210 8 10-4 95 42 19' 80 21' W. 1140 30 0 10 10 5 - - 5 - 2 1 33 9 10-7 115 41 38' 81 37' W. 1400 30 0 65 2 12 12 - 16 - 8 5 120 9 10-8 116 41 34' 81 48' W. 0820 30 0 20 1 35 11 50 - 30 3 150 10 10-6 104 41 50' 81 15' NE. 0820 30 0 12 40 1 - - - ■ 1 1 55 10 10-8 117 41 36' 81 51' E. 0930 30 0 45 2 25 70 - 65 - 10 3 220 11 10-4 97 42 09' 80 29' SW. 1420 5 3 15 1 3 - - - - 2 21. 11 10-5 99 42 06' 80 40' NW. 0710 20 8 40 30 1 9 - - 20 - 100 11 10-5 100 42 10' 80 55' W. 1010 30 0 510 20 - 30 - - ■ * 560 11 10-5 101 42 10' 81 05' W. 1140 30 0 640 20 19 - ■ - 1 * 680 11 10-8 118 41 39' 81 54' W. 1040 30 0 90 15 1 25 - - - 5 4 140 11 10-8 119 41 42' 82 00' E. 1210 30 0 160 15 15 20 - - " " 210 11 10-8 120 41 47' 82 04' W. 1340 30 0 80 - 10 15 - 5 - • " 110 12 10-4 96 42 13' 80 28' SW. 1320 30 0 320 1 1 - ■ - " 8 " 330 12 10-5 102 42 07' 81 13' SW. 1250 30 0 680 - 1 8 - - " 1 " 690 12 10-5 103 42 01' 81 15' S. 1410 30 0 1.040 3 5 10 - " - 2 1,060 12 10-6 105 41 52' 81 17' w. 1010 30 0 320 32 35 1 * " 10 2 400 12 10-7 114 41 42' 81 44' w. 1220 30 0 30 15 36 17 - 1 " 9 2 110 13 10-6 106 41 55' 81 25' w. 1130 30 0 290 24 40 2 • 1 " 2 1 360 y See footnote I, app. table 1. 2/ See footnote 2, app. table 1. 15 Appendix Table 2.— RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Central Basin of Lake Erie. — Continued. Cruise Depth No. Drag No. N Position LaTT Long, Time Course of day Catch freshwater uizzara Channel White factor!./ Perch Smelt Alewife drum Carp shad catfish bass Others^/lotal Fished Limiting lei low Kalnbow 9 10 10 10 10 1 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 5-28 152 41°28 82°40' NE. 0930 30 5-22 125 41°28 82° 38' N. 1320 30 5-22 126 41°30 82°37' SE 1410 30 6-6 166 41°59 80° 34' W. 0550 30 5-22 127 41° 32 82 ° 34 • NW. 1510 30 5-24 133 41°35' 82°32' NE. 1040 30 5-24 134 41°37' 82°29' NE. 1140 30 5-27 148 41°29' 82°15' W. 0920 5 6-4 155 41° 38' 81°32' NE. 1230 6 6-4 156 41° 38' 81°32' NE. 1330 30 6-16 208 41° 33' 82°17' E. 1050 30 5-24 137 41° 36' 82°16' E. 1600 30 6-4 157 41°42' 81°30' NE. 1430 30 5-24 136 41°40' 82°12' W. 1450 30 5-27 149 41°33' 81°59' E. 1250 30 6-5 159 41°50' 81°12' W. 0720 30 6-6 167 42°05' 80°27' NE. 0740 30 6-13 192 41°59' 80°48' E. 0530 30 6-16 209 41°35' 82°02' E. 1220 30 5-27 150 41°37' 81°57' NE. 1330 30 6-4 158 41°46' 81°28' NE. 1530 30 6-13 197 41°50' 80° 30' E. 1420 30 6-16 211 41°40' 81°57' S. 1500 30 5-24 135 41°44- 82°12' SE. 1350 30 5-27 151 41°41' 81° 52' NW. 1510 30 6-5 160 41°55' 81°14' E. 0830 30 6-13 193 42°03' 80°46- W. 0640 30 6-16 210 41° 38' 82°00' N. 1400 30 6-5 161 41°59' 81°14' W. 1000 30 6-5 162 42°03' 81°14' E. 1050 30 6-5 163 42° Of ' 81°12' w. 1200 30 6-5 164 42° 13' 80°47' E. 1450 30 6-5 165 42°1C B0°45' W. 1600 30 6-13 194 42°07' 80°43' E. 0750 30 6-13 195 41°59' 80°30' W. 1200 30 6-13 196 41°54' 80° 32' E. 1310 30 6-6 168 42°09' 80°24' E. 0840 30 1966 10-27 2 78 42°05' 80°15' E. 1600 30 10-21 255 41°30' 82°33' w. 1300 ) 10-24 267 41°47' 81°15' NE. 1610 16 10-20 251 41°40' 82°35' E. 1000 30 10-20 252 41°38' 82°33' W. 1100 30 10-20 2 53 41°35' 82°35' w. 1210 30 10-20 254 41°31' 82° 33' E. 1310 6 10-21 2 56 41°41' 82°05' E. 1540 9 10-23 261 41°34' 81°42' E. 1540 30 10-21 257 41°35' 82°05' W. 1620 30 10-27 274 41°59' 80°46' W. 0750 30 10-23 258 41° 39' 82°06' E. 0940 30 10-24 262 41° 38' 81°39' E. 0800 30 10-26 268 41°52' 31°17' E. 0740 30 10-23 2 59 41°43' 82°04' W. 1050 3 0 10-23 260 41°46' 82°06' E. 1210 30 10-24 263 41°44' 81°37' E. 0910 30 10-27 276 42°15' 80°22' w. 1340 24 10-24 264 41°49' 81°39' E. 1030 30 10-26 269 41°56' 81°17' W. 0850 30 10-26 272 42°12' 80°S0' E. 1420 30 10-26 273 42°08' 80°48' W. 1530 30 10-27 275 42°04' 80°48' E. 0900 30 10-24 265 41°53' 81°37' W. 1140 30 10-26 270 42°00' 81°17' E. 1010 30 10-26 271 42°05' 81°15' w. 1120 30 10-27 277 42°10' 80°23' E. 1500 27 10-24 266 41° 58' 81°39' E. 1310 30 60 100 - 160 2 - 140 95 - 35 10 - 390 5 - 300 290 - - - - 14 1 - 25 10 - 9 190 - 190 180 - 270 10 - 90 14 - 540 3 - 410 270 = 110 470 - 6 - - 45 50 - 60 35 - 70 10 - 9 40 - 80 110 - 80 6 - 50 30 - 1 35 - 50 220 - 260 18 - 60 170 - 85 25 _ 190 10 - 240 40 - 290 30 - 5 95 - 5 30 - 10 200 - 10 170 - 30 1 30 30 3 12 0 80 5 150 350 10 12 5 100 5 50 SO 5 2 2 1 10 2 3 60 80 i 60 40 - 225 100 1 25 275 - 25 225 2 12 5 200 5 50 250 - 30 150 _ 50 200 . 10 80 1 80 200 3 75 250 30 75 175 1 150 200 1 50 200 - 25 220 10 10 340 1 10 265 - 20 160 - 10 200 6 8 15 2 25 10 35 5 - 1 - 5 - 5 - 10 3 30 4 4 75 7 3 180 - 3 230 - 3 240 1 4 55 - 5 400 5 5 600 _ _ 15 - - 36 1 - 210 - - 370 - - 280 1 - 110 1 2 550 - - 680 - - 580 - - 21 - - 100 5 - 100 - - 80 - - 50 - - 190 1 3 90 1 4 90 - - 36 - - 280 - 2 280 _ _ 230 - - 110 - - 200 - 10 290 - 10 330 - - 100 . . 35 _ - 210 - - 180 1 36 5 3 114 4 3 213 - 2 51B 2 6 284 2 3 150 1 . 12 - 3 21 1 10 159 1 6 122 1 1 327 1 - 305 1 - 261 - 1 3 38 5 - 310 3 - 185 2 - 255 - - 90 _ - 311 1 - 329 . . 280 . . 351 2 - 253 . - 250 2 . 362 . - 276 . - iao - - 210 1/ See footnote 1, app. table 1. 2/ See footnote 2, app. table 1. 16 Appendix Table 3. — RV Kaho fishing log — trawl stations in the Eastern Basin of Lake Erie. Cruise Depth Date Drag LaT Po s i tion Long . Time of Day Limiting Tel low factorl/ perch Rainbow Smelt Freshwater drum Gizzard Channel' white Carp shad catfish bass 0thers2/Total 5 5-4 8 42 "47 76°54' W. 1310 30 0 - 1 - 6 5-4 7 42° 49 78° 57' NE. 1050 30 0 - 10 - 6 5-4 9 42° 44 79° 00' W. 1410 30 0 1 55 - 13 5-5 11 42° 41 79° 17' SE. 1010 30 0 - 2 - 14 5-5 14 42°29 79° 29' NE. 1540 30 0 1 11 - 15 5-5 10 42° 34 79° 19' NE. 0830 30 0 1 2 - 15 5-7 19 42° 21 79° 49' E. 1830 30 2 1 3 - 17 5-5 12 42° 37 79° 27' SE. 1250 30 0 - 2 - 18 5-7 13 42° 26 79° 50' E. 1640 30 0 3 5 - 27 5-10 16 42° 17 80° 43' SW. 1310 30 0 1 2 - 30 5-7 15 42° 31 79° 45' E. 0730 30 0 2 8 - 30 5-7 16 42° 33 79° 39' W. 0950 30 0 1 2 - 30 5-7 1962 17 42° 34 79° 36 • SW. 1350 30 0 2 12 10 10-1 77 42° 32 79° 18' NE. 0610 30 0 - 15 - 10 10-1 84 42° 31 79° 22' NE. 1S20 30 0 5 1 - 11 10-1 80 42° 42 79° 09' NE. 0940 30 0 6 3 8 12 10-1 79 42° 39 79° 14' NE. 0830 30 0 5 60 2 12 10-1 83 42° 32 79° 2 5' E. 1440 30 0 10 1 5 12 10-4 94 42° 14 80° 07' W. 0940 30 0 8 80 1 13 10-2 90 42°21 79° 41' NE. 1310 30 0 1 600 8 14 10-3 91 42° 17 60° 00' E. 1310 30 0 170 150 2 15 10-1 78 42° 36 79° 19' NE. 0730 30 0 2 380 4 15 10-2 65 42° 32 79°41' W. 0630 30 0 4 30 1 16 10-1 81 42° 36 79° 24' W. 1210 30 0 11 200 4 19 10-1 82 42° 34 79° 28' NW. 1310 30 0 4 490 3 19 10-2 69 42°23 79° 40' SW. 1210 30 0 5 450 5 19 10-3 92 42°21 60° 00' W. 1430 30 0 - 1,120 1 20 10-2 88 42°24 79°40' N. 1100 30 0 10 480 - 21 10-2 87 42°26 79° 42' E. 0940 30 0 10 300 - 23 10-3 93 42° 25 79° 59' NE. 1610 30 0 10 120 - 25 10-2 66 42° 32 79°40' S. 0820 30 0 10 150 - 9 1963 6-7 170 42° 14 80° 01' E. 1000 6 8 1 1 9 6-10 186 42° 40 79° 08" NE. 1110 30 0 4 350 - 9 6-10 167 42°43 79° 06' NE. 1210 30 0 10 380 - 10 6-9 178 42° 18 79°46' NE. 0850 30 0 3 90 - 10 6-10 191 42° 32 79° 22' SE. 1630 30 0 4 250 - 11 6-6 169 42° 13 80° 15' E. 0940 30 0 1 1 - 11 6-10 190 42° 32 79°24' E. 1550 30 0 10 180 - 12 6-8 174 42°17 80° IS' W. 0910 30 0 30 50 - 12 6-10 185 42° 39 79°13' NE. 1000 30 0 1 30 - 13 6-10 IBS 42° 38 79°13' W. 1350 30 0 - 90 - 14 6-8 175 42° 19 60° 16' E. 1010 30 0 75 25 - 15 6-7 171 42° 17 79° 59' E. 0940 15 9 9 200 - 15 6-7 172 42° 18 79° 58' w. 1020 30 0 1 550 - 15 6-9 179 42°21 79° 44' E. 0940 30 0 5 150 - 15 6-10 184 42° 36 79°24' E. 0630 30 0 1 35 - 15 6-10 189 42°35 79°22' E. 1500 30 0 - 80 - 16 6-8 176 42°21 60° 14' W. 1110 30 0 10 80 - 18 6-6 177 42° 22 80°13' E. 1210 30 0 20 30 - 18 6-9 ieo 42°21 79°46' E. 1030 30 0 - 250 - 20 6-9 181 42°22 79°44' SW. 1120 30 0 10 180 - 22 6-7 173 42°24 60°00' E. 1150 30 0 50 50 - 24 6-9 182 42°27 79°46' NE. 1230 30 0 1 25 - 32 6-9 183 42°31 79°44' SW. 1350 30 0 1 20 - 5 1966 10-30 279 42°12 80° 00' E. 0800 24 8 10 10 10-30 280 42°17 79° 56' NE. 0910 30 0 - 200 10 15 10-30 261 42°18 80°01' NE. 1010 30 0 - 70 160 20 10-30 282 42°2 3 79°56' E. 1120 30 0 2 32 5 75 25 10-30 264 42° 33 79°37' SW. 1440 30 0 2 115 35 30 10-30 283 42°31 79°39' E. 1600 30 0 1 100 10 1 3 29 1 10 55 - 13 30 - 3 90 15 - 31 1 - 90 1 - 610 3 5 330 - 4 390 1 1 37 5 - 220 3 - 500 - - 460 - 19 1,140 - - 490 - - 310 - - 130 - - 160 2 1 5 360 - - 390 - 2 95 - 6 260 - - 2 - - 190 - 5 65 - 4 35 - 5 95 - - 100 - 1 210 - 9 560 - 5 160 - - 36 - - 60 - _ 90 - - 50 . 10 260 - - 190 - - 100 - . 26 13 212 2 35 403 152 111 1/ See footnote 1, app . table 1. 2/ See footnote 2, app. table 1, 17 Appendix Table 4. — Species composition of 56 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 2, May 1962. Species Total catch Occurrence in total catch Average catch rate Effective catch per 1/2 hr effort rate per 1/2 hr effort Yellow perch {Perca t lavescens ) Rainbow smelt [Osmerus mordax) Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunnient) White bass (Roccus chrysops ) Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius ) White sucker (Catostomus cominersoni ) Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus ) Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Lake whitefish [Coregonus clupeaformis) Burbot (Lota lota) Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides ) Carp (Cyprinus carpio ) Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Black bullhead ( Ictalurus melas ) Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui ) Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus ) Pounds Percent 1/ Number Percent 1,217 64 .6 36 64.3 530 28 .1 53 94.6 51 2 .7 13 23.2 36 1 .9 11 19.6 16 .8 12 21.4 9 .5 4 7.1 7 .4 7 12.5 5 .3 3 5.4 4 .2 2 3.6 2 .1 1 1.8 2 .1 2 3.6 1 T 1 1.8 1 T 1 1.8 1 T 1 1.8 1 I 1 1.8 1 T 1 1.8 1 T 1 1.8 Pounds 1/ Pounds 21.7 33.8 9.5 10.0 .9 3.9 .6 3.3 .3 1.3 .2 2.2 .1 1.0 T 1.7 T 2.0 T 2.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 1/ T = Trace, less than 0.1. 18 Appendix Table 5. — Species composition of 55 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 4, September 1962. Species Average catch rate Effective catch Total catch Occurrence in total catch per 1/2 hr effort rate per 1/2 hr effort Yellow perch (Perca f laves cens ) Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Alewife (Alosa pseudoharenqus ) Gi22ard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunnicns) White bass (Roccus chrysops ) Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) Goldfish (Carassius auratus ) Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius ) Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides ) Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus ) Lake Whitefish (Coreqonus clupeaf ormis ) Burbot (Lota lota ) Sauger (Stizostedion canadense ) White sucker (Catos tomus conunersoni ) Qu i 1 lback (Carpiodes cyprinus) Stoneroller (Campos toma anomalum) Black bullhead (Ictalurus melas) White crappie (Pomoxis annularis ) Sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) Pounds Percent 1/ Number Percent 6,647 43 .5 51 92.7 5,179 33 ,9 45 81 .8 1,114 7 .3 14 25.4 654 4 .3 42 76 .4 637 4 .2 23 41.8 4S6 3 .2 29 52.7 264 1 .7 37 67.3 91 .6 11 20.0 46 .3 13 23.6 25 .2 1 1.8 25 .2 19 34.5 16 .1 13 23.6 15 .1 15 27.3 15 .1 1 1.8 14 T 4 7.3 13 T 1 1.8 10 T 5 9.1 7 T 2 3.6 3 T 3 5.4 2 T 2 3.6 1 T 1 1.8 1 T 1 1.8 Pounds 1/ Pounds 125.4 135.7 97.7 120.4 21.0 85.0 12.3 16.0 12.0 28.8 9.2 16.9 5.0 7.5 1.7 9.0 .9 3.5 .5 2.5 .5 1.4 .3 1.4 .3 1.0 .3 1.5 .3 3.5 .2 1.3 .2 .5 .1 3.5 I .1 T .1 T .1 T .1 17 T = Trace, less than 0.1. 15,265 19 Appendix Table 6. — Species composition of 87 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 11, May 1963. Species Total catch Occurrence in total Average catch rate Effective catch per 1/2 hr effort rate per 1/2 hr effort Yellow perch ( Perca f lavescens ) Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) Freshwater drum [Aplodinotua grunniens) Carp (Cyprinus carpio ) Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) White bass (Roccus chrysops ) Alewife (Alosa pseudoharenqus ) Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides ) White sucker (Catostomus commersoni ) Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius ) Burbot (Lota lota) Trout-perch ( Percopsis omiscomaycus ) Black bullhead ( Ictalurus raelas ) Lake herring fCoregonus artedil) Sauger (Stizostedion canadense ) Goldfish (Carassius auratus ) Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis ) Buffalo [Ictiobus sp.) Stonecat (Noturus f lavus ) Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum } Stoneroller (Campos toma anomalum ) Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus ) Sea lamprey (Petromyzon roarinus ) Pounds Percent 1/ Number Percent 7,398 38 .5 83 95.4 6,241 32 .5 75 86.2 2,890 15 .0 39 44.8 1,182 6 .2 16 18.4 641 3 .3 23 26.4 244 1 .3 36 41 .4 154 .8 16 18.4 145 .7 2S 28.7 82 .4 16 18.4 53 .3 20 23.0 46 .2 31 35.6 42 .2 7 8.0 29 .1 19 21 .8 15 T 7 8.0 15 T 2 2.3 10 T 1 1.1 4 T 2 2.3 3 T 2 2.3 2 T 2 2.3 2 T 2 2.3 1 T 1 1.1 1 T 1 1.1 1 T 1 1.1 1 T 1 1.1 Pounds 1/ Pounds 88.9 92.4 75.0 84.7 34.7 75.6 14.2 77.8 7.7 28.9 2.9 6.9 1.8 9.6 1.7 5.8 1.0 5.1 .6 2.7 .5 1.5 .5 6.0 .3 1.6 .2 2.2 .2 7.5 .1 10.0 I 2.0 T 1.5 T 1.1 T 1.3 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 1/ T = Trace, less than 0.1. 19,202 20 Appendix Table 7. — Species composition of 47 trawl catches by RV Kaho in Lake Erie during Cruise 36, October 1966. Species Total catch Average catch rate Effective catch Occurrence in total catch per 1/2 hr effort rate per 1/2 hr effort Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus ) Rainbow smelt (Qsmerus mordax) Carp (Cyprinus carpio ) Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) Goldfish (Carassius auratus ) Freshwater drum lADlpdinotus grunniens) Channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) Yellow perch (Perca f lavescens ) White bass ( Roccus chrysops ) Spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius ) Walleye { St izostedion vi t reum vitreum) Quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus) White sucker (Catostomus commersoni ) Stonecat (Noturus f lavus ) Yellow bullhead ( Ictalurus natalis ) Trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus ) Rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris ) White crappie (Pomoxis annularis ) Black bullhead ( Ictalurus melas ) Longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus ) Logperch (Fercina caprodes ) Pounds Percent 1/ Number Percent 6,392 54 .4 46 97.9 2,810 23 .9 46 97.9 642 5 .5 16 34.0 577 4 .9 30 63.8 418 3 .5 5 10.6 282 2 .4 16 34.0 207 1 .8 8 17.0 193 1 .6 33 70.2 110 .9 30 63.8 51 .4 18 38.3 37 .3 11 23.4 23 .2 5 10.6 6 T 5 10.6 2 T 2 4.2 2 T 2 4.2 2 T 2 4.2 1 T 2.1 1 T 2.1 1 T 2.1 1 T 2.1 1 T 2.1 Pounds 1/ Pounds 143.6 146.3 63.1 64.6 14.4 40.1 13.0 20.4 9.4 83.6 6.3 19.2 4.6 25.9 4.3 6.2 2.5 3.8 1.1 3.0 .8 4.6 .5 4.8 .1 1.2 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 2.0 T 3.3 T 1.0 T 1.0 T 1.2 11,759 1/ T = Trace, less than 0.1. 21 ir U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1974-796-315 113 REGION 10 rary • ill! Library • Serials II'IH'I WHSE 01916 636 Oil pollution on Wake Island from the tanker R. C. Stoner. By Rginald M. Gooding. May 1971, iii + 12 pp.j 8 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 637 Occurrence of larval, juvenile, and mature crabs in the vicinity of Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. By Donnie L. Dudley and Mayo H. Judy. August 1971, iii -f 10 pp., 1 fig., 5 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 638 Length-weight relations of haddock from com- mercial landings in New England, 1931-55. By Bradford F. Brown and Richard C. Hennemuth. August 1971, v + 13 pp., 16 fig., 6 tables, 10 appendix A tables. For sale by the Superintend- ent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 639 A hydrographic survey of the Galveston Bav system, Texas 1963-66. By E. J. Pullen, W. L. Trent, and G. B. Adams. October 1971, v + 13 pp., 15 figs., 12 tables. For sale by the Super- intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents. 640 Annotated bibliography on the fishing industry and biology of the blue crab, Calluiectes sapidus. By Marlin E. Tagatz and Ann Bowman Hall. August 1971, 94 pp. For sale by the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.00. 641 Use of threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, as live bait during experimental pole-and-line fish- ing for skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, in Hawaii. By Robert . T. B. Iversen. August 1971, iii + 10 pp., 3 figs., 7 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 642 Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus resource and fishery — analysis of decline. Bv Kenneth A. Henry. August 1971, v + 32 pp.," 40 figs.. 5 appendix figs., 3 tables, 2 appendix tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 45 cents. 643 Surface winds of the southeastern tropical At- lantic Ocean. By John M. Steigner and Merton C. Ingham. October 1971, iii + 20 pp., 17 figs. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents. 644 Inhibition of flesh browning and skin color fading in frozen fillets of yelloweye snapper (Liitzntiux vivanus). By Harold C. Thompson, Jr., and Mary H. Thompson. February 1972, iii + 6 pp., 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 645 Traveling screen for removal of debris from rivers. By Daniel W. Bates, Ernest W. Murphey, and Martin G. Beam. October 1971, iii + 6 pp., 6 figs., 1 table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. Stock No. 0320-0016. 646 Dissolved nitrogen concentrations in the Colum- bia and Snake Rivers in 1970 and their effect on chinook salmon and steelhead trout. By Wesley J. Ebel. August 1971, iii + 7 pp., 2 figs., 6 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D.C. 20402 - Price 20 cents. 647 Revised annotated list of parasites from sea mam- mals caught off the west coast of North America. By L. Margolis and M. D. Dailey. March 1972, iii -f- 23 pp. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents. 648 Weight loss of pond-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus ■puiictatus) during holding in pro- cessing plant vats. Bv Donald C. Greenland and Robert L. Gill. December 1971, iii + 7 pp., 3 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Doc- uments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 649 Distribution of forage of skipjack tuna (Euthyn- nns pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. By Maui ice Blackburn and Michael Laurs. January 1972. iii + 16 pp., 7 figs., 3 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents. Stock No. 0320-0036. 650 Effects of some antioxidants and EDTA on the development of rancidity in Spanish mackerel (Scomberomonis maculatus) during frozen stor- age. By Robert N. Farragut. February 1972, iv + 12 pp., 6 figs., 12 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. Stock No. 0320-0032. 651 The effect of premortem stress, holding temper- atures, and freezing on the biochemistry and quality of skipjack tuna. Bv Ladell Crawford. April 1972, iii + 23 pp., 3 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents. 653 The use of electricity in conjunction with a 12.5- meter (Headrope) Gulf-of-Mexico shrimp trawl in Lake Michigan. By James E. Ellis. March 1972, iv + 10 pp. 11 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 654 An electric detector system for recovering inter- nally tagged menhaden, genus Brevoortia. By R. O. Parker, Jr. February 1972, iii + 7 pp., 3 figs., 1 appendix table. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents. 655 Immobilization of fingerling salmon and trout by decompression. By Doyle F. Sutherland. March 1972, iii + 7 pp., 3 figs., 2 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402 - Price 25 cents. 656 The calico scallop, Argopecten gibbus. By Don- ald M. Allen and T. J. Costello. May 1972, iii + 19 pp., 9 figs., 1 table. For sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402 - Price 35 cents. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION rAI ll>TI I ^ I A Cf POSTAGE AND FEES PAID NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE H I I I I K I H I \ LX ^ ^ U S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF | V# V/ I \ III VLnVV COM 210 ROOM 450 1107 N.E. 45TH ST. SEATTLE. 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