764 NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-764 K^^-rorco^ / V "\ c \ i i. '' ""(' ■ -'^ ^^T^ ^^Ayz% O? ^ / Demersal Fishes and Invertebrates Trawled in the Northeastern Chukchi and Western Beaufort Seas, 1976-77 Kathryn J. Frost and Lloyd F. Lowry February 1983 \.i '^^!i2l]983 ("'■■■ .- . t ; Marine Biological Laboratory ' \ LIBRARY I OCT 14 1992 1 r ! Woods Hole, Mass. j U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Special Scientific Report— Fisheries The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS al.so assists the fishing industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construc- tion subsidies. It collects, analyzes, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The Special Scientific Report— Fisheries series was established in 1949, The series carries reports on scientific investigations that document long-term continuing programs of NMFS. or intensive scientific reports on studies of restricted scope. The reports may deal with applied fishery problems. The series is also used as a medium for the publication of bibliographies of a specialized scientific nature. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS SSRF arc available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and Slate. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the marine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained from D822. User Services Branch. Environ- mental Science Information Center. NOAA, Rockville. MD 20852. Recent SSRFs are: 726. The Gulf of Maine temperature structure between Bar Harbor. Maine, and Yarmouth. Nova Scotia. June 1975-November 1976. By Robert J. Pawlowski. December 1978. iii-^ 10 p. . 14 figs.. 1 table. 739. Bottom-water temperature trends in the Middle Atlantic Bight during spring and autumn, 1964-76. By Clarence W. Davis. December 1979. iii-*-I3 p.. 10 figs., 9 tables. 727. Expendable bathythermograph observations from the NMFS/MARAD Ship of Opportunity Program for 1975 By Steven K. Cook. Barclay P. Collins, and Christine S. Carty January 1979. iv-i-93 p . 2 figs.. 13 tables. 54 app. figs ■ 728. Vertical sections of semimonthly mean temperature on the San Francisco- Honolulu route: From expendable bathythermograph observations. June 1966-December 1974 By J. F T Saur. L. E. Eber. D, R. McLain. and C. E. Dor- man. January 1979. iii-*-35p..4 figs.. 1 table. 740. Food of fifteen northwest Atlantic gadiform fishes. By Richard W. Langton and Ray E. Bowman. February 1980, iv-i-23 p.. 3 figs,. 1 1 tables, 741 . Distribution of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) in the Middle Atlantic Bight region. By John J. Dickinson, Roland L. Wigley, Richard D. Brodeur, and Susan Brown-Leger. October 1980, vi-^46p.. 26 figs.. 52 tables. 742. Water structure at Ocean Weather Station V. northwestern Pacific Ocean, 1966-71. By D. M. Husby and G. R. Seckel October 1980. 18 figs.. 4 tables. 729. References for the identification of marine invertebrates on the southern Atlantic coast of the United States. By Richard E Dowds. April 1979. iv -^37 p. 743. Average density index for walleye pollock. Tlieragra chalcogramma. in the Bering Sea By Loh-Lee Low and Ikuo Ikeda. November 1980. iii-fll p.. 3 figs., 9 tables. 730. Surface circulation in the northwesternGulf of Mexico as deduced from drift bottles. By Roben F. Temple and John A. Martin. May 1979. iii -^ 13 p.. 8 figs.. 4 tables 73 1 , Annotated bibliography and subject index on the shortnose sturgeon. Acipeii- serbreviroslrum. By James G. Hoff. April 1979. iii -t- 16 p. 744, Tunas, oceanography and meteorology of the Pacific, an annotated bibliogra- phy. 1950-78. by Paul N. Sund. March 1981. iii-fI23p, 745, Dorsal mantle length-total weight relationships oi squids Loligo pealei and ///cvi7/«'fArojH.v from the Atlantic coast of the United Slates, by Anne M T Lange and Karen L. Johnson. March 1981. iii -1-17 p.. 5 figs.. 6 tables. 732. Assessment of the Northwest Atlantic mackerel. Scomber scombrua. stock. By Emory D. Anderson. April 1979. iv + 13 p., 9 figs.. 15 tables. 746. Distribution of gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea) on Georges Bank, by John J. Dickinson and Roland L Wigley June 1981. iii -^25 p.. I6figs,. I table. 733. Possible management procedures for increasing production of sockeye salmon smolls in the Naknek River system. Bnstol Bay. Alaska. By Robert J. Ellis and William J McNeil, April 1979. iii +9 p.. 4 figs.. 1 1 tables. 747. Movement, growth, and mortality of American lobsters, Homarus ameri- caniis. tagged along the coast of Maine, by Jay S. Krouse. September 1981. iii •^ 1 2 p.. 10 figs.. 8 tables. 734. Escape of king crab. Paralifhodes camischaiica, from derelict pots. By Wil- liam L. High and Donald D. Worlund. May 1979. iii-^ll p., 5 figs. 6 tables. 748, Annotated bibliography of the conch genus Sirumhus (Gastropoda. Strombi- dae) in the western Atlantic Ocean, by George H. Darcy. September 1981. iii-(-l6p. 735. History of the fishery and summary statistics of the sockeye salmon, Onco- rhynchus nerka. runs to the Chignik Lakes. Alaska, 1888-1966 By Michael L Dahlberg. August 1979. iv-h 16 p.. 15figs.. II tables. 736. A historical and descriptive account of Pacific coast anadromous .salmonid rearing facilities and a summary of their releases by region, 1960-76. By Roy J. Whale and Robert Z. Smith. September 1979, iv +40 p., 15 figs, 25 tables. 749, Fotxl of eight northwest Atlantic pleuronectiform fishes, by Richard W. Langton and Ray E. Bowman. September 1981. iii + 16 p.. I fig.. 8 tables. 750, World literature to fish hybrids with an analysis by family, species, and hybrid: Supplement I. by Frank J. Schwartz. November 1981, iii +507 p. 751, The barge Ocean 250 gasoline spill, by Carolyn A. Griswold (editor). November 1981. iv+30p . 28 figs.. 17 tables. 737, Movements of pelagic dolphins iSienella spp) in the eastern tropical Pacific as indicated by results of tagging, with summary of tagging operations. 1969-76, By W, F Perrin. W. E, Evans, and D B Holts, September 1979. iii + 14 p. 9 figs,. 8 tables. 738. Environmental baselines in Long Island Sound, 1972-73. By R. N. Reid. A B. Frame, and A F Draxler December 1979, iv+31 p., 40 figs.. 6tables. 752 . .Movements of tagged summer flounder. Paralichthys ilentaius. off southern New England, by F E. Lux and F. E. Nichy. December 1981 . iii + 16 p.. 13 figs.. 3 tables. 753, Factors influencing ocean catches of salmon. Oncorhyncbus spp.. off Wash- ington and Vancouver Island, by R, A, Low. Jr and S, B. Mathews. January 1982. iv + 1 2 p. . 6 figs, . 7 tables. NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-764 Demersal Fishes and Invertebrates Trawled in the Northeastern Chukchi and Western Beaufort Seas, 1 976-77 Kathryn J. Frost and Lloyd F. Lowry February 1983 Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRARY OCT 14 1992 Woods Hole, Mass. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration John V, Byrne. Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Methods 1 Results and discussion 2 Fishes 2 Boreogadus saida 4 Lycodes polaris 4 Icelus bicornis 5 Artediellus scaber 6 Aspidophoroides olriki 6 Liparis spp 6 Eumicrotremus derjugini 6 Gymnelis viridis 7 Icelus spatula 7 Epifaunal invertebrates 7 Brachyuran crabs 7 Shrimps 7 Family Hippolytidae 7 Family Pandalidae 8 Family Crangonidae 8 Amphipods 9 Gastropods 9 Bivalves 9 Polychaetes 9 Echinoderms 9 Other groups 9 Acknowledgments 9 Literature cited 10 Appendix A. Fishes and invertebrates collected in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in August-September 1977. Letters and numbers indicate stations (Figure I) II Figures 1 . Locations of otter trawl stations in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas, August-September 1976 and 1977 . . 2 2. Length-frequency distribution of Arctic cod caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas, August-September 1976 and 1977 5 3. Length-frequency distribution of Canadian eelpout caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in August- September 1977 6 4. Length-frequency distribution of twohorn sculpins caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in August- September 1977 6 Tables 1. Station locations of 35 tows from the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-September 1976 and 1977 3 2. Fishes caught in waters 40 m and deeper in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-September 1976 and 1977 3 3 . Fishes recorded from the northeastern Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in this and previous studies 4 4. Mean and range of fork length at various ages for Arctic cod in this and other studies 5 5. Foods from stomachs of 157 Arctic cod collected in offshore waters of the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-September 1977 5 6. Summary of data collected on shrimps caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-September 1977 8 Demersal Fishes and Invertebrates IVawled in the Northeastern Chukchi and Western Beaufort Seas, 1976-77 KATHRYN J. FROST and LLOYD F. LOWRY' ABSTRACT Thirty-five successful otter trawl tows were conducted in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in August-September of 1976 and 1977. Nineteen species or species groups of fishes and 238 invertebrate taxa were identified. Three of the fishes (Boreogadus saida^ Lycodes polaris^ and Icelus bicornis) accounted for 65% of all fishes caught. Information on size, reproductive condition, and food habits is presented for those three as well as for Artediellus scaber, Aspidophoroides olriki. Liparis spp., Eumicrotremus derjitgini, Gymnelis viridis, and Icelus spatula. The first Beaufort Sea records are reported for three species: Arctogadus gtacialis, Lycodes raridens, and Eumesogrammus praecisus. Of the invertebrate taxa, echinoderms (mainl> brittle stars and crinoids) were the most abundant, and in most cases comprised more than 75% of the total trawl biimiass. West of long. I54°\V, brittle stars, Ophiura sarsi, were predominant whereas east of long. I50''V\' the inverte- brate community was characterized by crinoids {Heliometra glacialis) and small scallops {Deleclopecten groenlandicus). Information on size, reproductive condition, and depth distribution is presented fitr brachy- uran crabs and shrimps and the occurrence of other major invertebrate groups is summarized. A complete list of species and stations at which each was caught is included. INTRODUCTION Since 1975, as a prelude to offshore petroleum exploration, bio- logical research in the Alaskan sector of the Beaufort Sea has been intensified under the auspices of the Alaskan Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP). In the course of these studies, it became evident that information on the distribution, abundance, and life history characteristics of offshore fishes and cpibenthic invertebrates was almost totally lacking. Since certain of those organisms were known to be important prey of marine mammals, seabirds, and other fishes, a trawl survey was conducted in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas to begin to obtain such information. Since trawls were made in con- junction with an investigation of the feeding and trophic relation- ships of ringed seals, Phoca hispida, and bearded seals, Eh^imthiis barbatiis, more detailed attention was paid to species or groups which were of potential importance to these seals. Walters (1955) summarized information available prior to 1955 on the marine fish fauna of arctic Alaska and included a discussion of taxonomy and zoogeography. Alvcrson and Wilimovsky ( 1966) and Qua.st (1972) conducted trawl surveys in the Chukchi Sea south of Icy Cape. Quast and Hall (1972) published a list of fishes of Alaska and included some new records from Icy Cape and Point Barrow. Pfeifer (1977) compiled an extensive bibliography of fishes of the Beaufort Sea but most of the literature cited therein deals with freshwater, anadromous, and nearshore species. Refer- ences to offshore demersal fishes of the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas are restricted to distributional records (pri- marily from near Point Barrow), taxonomic studies, or anecdotal accounts. Life history information for widely distributed species can be found in studies from coa.stal arctic Alaska (e.g., Bendock 1979) and Soviet and Canadian waters (Andriyashev 1954; McAl- lister 1962). 'Alaska Department of Fish and Game, I. 100 College Road. Fairbanks. AK 99701. Information on epifaunal invertebrates is restricted largely to the Barrow area and nearshore waters. Most reports are of strictly taxo- nomic nature. The report of MacGinitie (1955) provides the most complete information available on the distribution, abundance, and life history of invertebrates near Point Barrow. MacGinitie (1959) described the distribution and taxonomy of gastropods in that area and Hulscmann (1962) gave a similar treatment of bivalve mol- luscs. Shoemaker ( 1955) reported on distribution of amphipods and Menzies and Mohr (1962) examined collections of isopods and tanaids. Hedgpeth (1963) reported on pycnogonids of arctic Amer- ica and Hulsemann and Soule ( 1962) listed some bryozoans found along the arctic coast of Alaska. Squires (1969) described the distri- bution and life history of decapod crustaceans in the Canadian Arc- tic. Recent benthic sampling by Carey (1977) in the western Beaufort Sea has dealt mainly with distribution and abundance of infaunal organisms. Also included in that work is a valuable compi- lation of distributional information and an exhaustive literature sur- vey. METHODS In 1976 two tows were made in the western Beaufort Sea between long. 152° and 153°W and lat. 71° and 72°N in water 40 m and 123 m deep. In 1977 tows were made in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas between long. 164° and 141 °W and lat. 70° and 72°N in waters 40 to 400 m deep. Many were conducted near the southern edge of pack ice. We sampled with semiballoon otter trawls of two sizes. Headropes were 4.9 and 5.8 m (16 and 19 ft). Nets were constructed of 3.2 cm (I 'A in) stretch mesh webbing with 0.6 cm ( 'A in) stretch mesh liners in the cod ends. Tows were 5-10 min bottom time at a speed of 5-8 km/h. Organisms were sorted from debris and readily identifiable spe- cies were counted and weighed. The occurrence of rocks, pebbles, or mud in the net was noted. All organisms were preserved in 10% Formalin. Stomachs of fishes were injected with 10% Formalin. In the laboratory, fishes were measured to the nearest 0. 1 cm fork length (FL), or total length (TL) it fork length was not appropriate, and weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Otoliths were polished and cleared in xylene; the annuli were counted to estimate age. Stomach contents of each fish were classfied by major taxonomic group and the volumetric abundance of each group was assigned a ranked value. Invertebrates from each trawl were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Members of each species or ta.xon were weighed and enumerated. Carapace lengths (CL) of decapod crus- taceans were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. The numbers of ovi- gerous crabs and shrimps in each trawl were noted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thirty-three successful tows were conducted from 2 August to 3 September 1977; two (indicated by A and B, Fig. 1) were made on 30 and 3 1 August 1976. Ten were west of Point Barrow, 10 between Barrow and Prudhoe Bay. and 15 between Prudhoe Bay and the U.S. -Canada demarcation line (long. 141 °W). Depth distribution of tows was as follows: 14 at 40-50 m. 11 at 51-100 m. 9 at 101-150 m, and 1 at 400 m (Table 1). Nineteen species or species groups of fishes and 238 species or species groups of invertebrates were identified (Appendix A). The natural history information presented in this report is only from col- lections made in 1977; material from the 1976 tows was identified and enumerated but not further worked up. Representative speci- mens of invertebrates are catalogued and located at the University of Alaska Marine Museum. Those fishes representing range exten- sions are held in the Ichthyology Collection. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Canada (NMC). Fishes We caught 133 fishes belonging to 14 species- in trawls made in 1976. In the more extensive trawl senes done in 1977, 512 fishes were caught belonging to 17 species (Table 2). Three species (B(>re(>!>culits saida. Lycodes polaris. and Icehis biconiis) accounted for 65% of all fishes caught. Eight species were repre- .sented by five or fewer specimens. Previous records of fishes of northern Alaska have been com- piled by Walters (1955), Quast and Hall (1972), and Carey (1978). A list of all marine species reported in those compilations to occur in the northeastern Chukchi and Beaufort Seas is given in Table 3 along with the species recorded in this report and by McAllister (1962) for the eastern Beaufort Sea. Of the 41 species listed, 5 {Limanda aspera, Lumpenus maculatus. Myoxocephalus scorpius, Niiiilichlhrs pribiluviiis. and Podotbeciis acipenserinus) are pri- manly Benng Sea forms which only rarely occur as far north as Point Barrow. The remaining 36 species appear to be fairly widely distributed and can be considered characteristic of the fauna of the -In the lollowing presentation of results and discussion, all snailfishes are consid- ered as Liparis spp- and counted as one form. The number of species inhabiting the northeastern ChuUhi and Beaufort Seas cannot at present be determined due to tax- onomic confusion in the group. 162" 152" 7 2" ARCTIC OCEAN 6 8 7 Chukchi Sea 34 V Beaufort Sea 70° US- Canada demarcation line 68" 50 ■ ■ km 100 l__ Figure 1.— Locations of otter trail 1 stations in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas, August-September 1976 and 1977. 2 Table 1. — Station locations of 35 tons from the nnrlheastern Chukchi and west- ern Beaufort Seas during August-September 1976 and 1977. Tow Depth Latitude Longitude no. Date (m) (N) (W) Comments A 30 Aug, 976 123 71°I9' 152°34' Pebbles B 31 Aug. 976 40 71°13.5' 152^47.9' Rocks, pebbles, shells 1 2 Aug. 977 64 71''27' 158°02' Mud. gravel 2 2 Aug. 977 45 7I°19' I60°0r Mud 3 2 Aug. 977 62 7I°05' 160°08' Rocks 4 3 Aug. 977 43 7I°26' 162 °01' Mud 5 3 Aug. 977 40 7I°20' 162°30' 6 3 Aug. 977 48 71°35' I63°58' 7 4 Aug. 977 44 71°28' I63°47' Mud 8 4 Aug. 977 44 7r44' I62°59' Mud 9 5 Aug. 977 50 71°07' 161 °00' 10 6 Aug- 977 102 71°12' I58°35' Gravel, rocks II 7 Aug. 977 100-120 71°45' I55°43' Mud 12 9 Aug. 977 400 71°55.5' 154°16' Mud 13 10 Aug. 977 51-58 7I°35.4' I53°4I.0' Mud 14 II Aug. 977 50 7I°16' 153°0I,9' Rocks 16 12 Aug. 977 50 7I°13.r 151°23' Rocks 17 12 Aug. 977 50 71°16.5' 151 °33' Rocks 18 16 Aug. 977 40 7I°06' 149°42' Rocks, mud 19 18 Aug. 977 55 70°46' I46°30' No mud 20 26 Aug. 977 56 70°09' 14I°I7' Rocks 21 27 Aug. 977 80 70°17' 141°39' Rocks 22 27 Aug. 977 50 70''18.4' 142''37' Rocks 23 27 Aug. 977 75 70°30.5' I42°2r Gravel, rocks 24 27 Aug. 977 105 70°36.5' I43°55' 25 28 Aug. 977 no 70°43.8' 145°02' Rocks 26 29 Aug. 977 50 70°35.5' 145°I3' Rocks 27 29 Aug. 977 54 70°40' 145°32' 28 29 Aug. 977 110 70°50' 145°3r 29 30 Aug. 977 130 70°50' 146°00' 30 30 Aug. 977 54 70°38- 146°04' Rocks 31 30 Aug. 977 56 70°47' I46°33' 32 30 Aug. 977 90-110 70''56.5' I46°32' 33 31 Aug. 977 70 70°53' 147°0I' Rocks 34 3 Sept. 977 150 71°59' I55°42' northeastern Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. For three of those species {Arclogadus glacialis (NMC82-0027), Lycodes raridens (NMC78- 0296). and Eumesogramtnus praecisus (NMC82-0026)), the first Beaufort Sea records are from our trawls. Our records of Lycodes lossi (NMC78-0289) fill a major gap in the known distribution of the species which had been previously reported only from the Kara Sea. Spitsbergen, and Herschel Island, Canada. Many of the species listed by other authors were not encountered in our tows since pelagic species such as salmonids and osmerids were not adequately sampled by our otter trawl and some species such as Myoxocephahis quadricornis and Liopsetta glacialis are restricted in distribution to coastal, brackish waters (Walters 1955; Alverson and Wilimovsky 1966). All of the primarily marine species reported from western arctic Canada by McAllister (1962) have been recorded from arctic waters of the northeastern Chukchi or western Beaufort Seas (Table 3). McAllister suggested that this low arctic fauna, which he termed the Innuit fauna, extends continuously from the Boothia Peninsula region of the central Canadian Arctic westward through the Beaufort. Chukchi. East Siberian, Laptev, Kara, and Barents Seas. Faunal connections with the eastern Canadian Arctic and North Atlantic are restricted, probably because of differences in water temperature, salinity, and ice cover Alverson and Wilimovsky (1966) and Quast (1972) reported the results of trawl surveys in the Chukchi Sea south and west of Icy Cape in which they found approximately 43 species of marine fishes. Fourteen of those, including 3 species of Pleuronectidae and 6 species of Cottidae, have not been reported from the northeastern Chukchi and Beaufort Seas (Table 3). Those species are all primar- ily North Pacific/Bering Sea forms which apparently reach the northern limit of their distribution in the central Chukchi Sea near Icy Cape. As mentioned previously, an additional five species reach only to the vicinity of Point Barrow. Table 2.— Fishes caught in waters 40 m and deeper in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-September 1976 and 1977, rani^ed in order of decreasing numerical abundance in tows. Common name No. of 1976 ndividuals 1977 No. of stations Depth range (m) Chukchi 1976 Beaufort Latin name 1976 1977 Borco^adtis suUtu Arctic cod 33 194 10 ■) IS 40-400 Lycodes poUiris Canadian eelpout 40 81 3 2 11 40-150 Icelus bicornis Twohorn sculpin 74 13 50-130 Arlediellus sciiber Hamecon 6 30 5 1 5 40-70 Aspidophoroicti's otriki Arctic alligatorfish 17 19 1 2 3 40-400 Liparis sp. Snailfish 5 29 3 2 15 40-400 Eumicrotremus dcrju\iint Leatherlin lunipsucker 29 11 50-110 Gymnelis viridis Fish doctor 4 23 4 7 40-130 Icelus spatula Spatulate sculpin 6 14 1 2 56-123 Lumpenus fahricii Slender eelblenny 1 1 40-123 Lycodes raridens Eelpout 3 7 1 1 64-123 Gymnocaiuhus tricuspis Arctic staghorn sculpin 3 2 T 40-58 Eumesogramtnus praecisus Fourline snakeblenn> 1 3 -> 1 40-64 Trii(lops- pingeit Ribbed sculpin 1 ■} 0 2 40-110 Lycodes tiuicosus Saddled eelpout 1 2 2 40-105 Lycodes rossi Threespot eelpout 2 123 Arclogadus glacialis Polar cod 1 1 150 Lutnpetius tnedius Stout eelbenny 1 1 40 Luttipenus inaculalus Daubed shanny 1 1 44 Table 3.— Fishes recorded from the norlheaslerii ( huki hi and Ikauiorl Seas in this and previous studies. Sources Species Quasi & McAI- Waltcrs Hall Carey This lister |y55 1972 1978 report 1962 Petromyzonidae Lampclrii jiiponita Clupeiiiac ClitiH'U lutntii^us Salnionidae Salvi'tinus alpinus OiKorhynchus gorbusihu Oiiciirhynchus kela Osmendae Maihflits vHUtsus Osmerus mordux Myclophidae Bcnthtistiimi i^lacialc Gadidae Arctoguihis horisovi Arctogathts gUiciulis Bon'f)}iiultis sii'uUi Etcginus gracilis Gtultis tni/rhiui oi;ac Zoarcidae Gyntnclis vihdis Lycudes jtti^oricti.s Lyctnk'S mttcostn Lycodvs [>aUidti\ Lycodes polaris Lycodes mridens Lycodes ro.\si Ammodytidae Ammi>dyle>> he \apu'rti s Cotlidae Artediellus sciiber Arlediellus uncinatiis Gymrwcanlhi(\ incu\pi\ kc'lus biconii s Iceltts sputuhi Myoxaccphidtis qiuidrucnin Mvoxoceplicilus .s c(irpi(tdt'\ MyuxmephaUts \ciirpiu\ Nautichthys pribilovitts Triglop^i piii^eli Agonidae Aspidoph()rotdc\ olrikt Podinheius aiipeii\triiui\ L'yclopteridae Etiimcwtri'tnus dcrjiiiiini Liparis spp. Stichaeidae Eunii'sograttumis pnifci\us Litinpenits fiibrlcii Ltimpeiiifs maculaliis Liinipi'ims niediiis PIcuronectidae Liiilanda aspera Liopsi'iui giaciidis Pluiichllns siclUuus Boreogadus saida. — Arctic cod were the must abundant and con- sistently present fish in our survey. They were caught in each ot 20 tows we.st of Prudhoe Bay with an average of 9 fish caught per tow (range 1-26). However, they were caught in only lOof 15 towsea.st of Prudhoe Bay with an average of only 2 fish caught per tow (range 0-11). Arctic cod were caught at all depths between 40 and 400 m and we saw no obvious correlation between abundance and depth of tow. Individuals were 4.5-18.0 cm FL with a distinct mode at about 8.0 cm (Fig. 2). The length-weight relationship of Arctic cod is W = Q.m\%-L''"' (^=118. /• =0.987) (Frost and Lowry 1981). Fishes caught in waters deeper than 100 m were larger (.v= 11.4cm FL) than those caught in shallower water {.v= 8.1 cm FL). In waters 100 m or less deep. 89% of the fishes caught were < 10.5 cm FL while in deeperwater24% of fishes caught were > 14.0 cm long. Similar size (or age) segregation has been observed in the Barents Sea (Hognestad 1968). It is probable that the length- frequency distribution for all tows combined was influenced by the depth distribution of the tows. In a series of midwater tows in the eastern Chukchi Sea. Quast ( 1974) found the abundance of juvenile cod was strongly correlated with depth, presumably due to a nega- tive phototactic response. Length at age of fishes caught by us was compared with that in other geographic areas (Table 4). It is unknown whether results for other studies were for fresh or preserved specimens. We measured preserved specimens. Arctic cod we examined had grown about 5 cm the first year and 3-4 cm in each of the following 2 yr These rates are similar to but slightly less than those found by other inves- tigators. There is considerable variation in size at age. which may be caused by an extended spawning period (Rass 1968) or patchy food resources with resulting variable growth. In other geographic areas Arctic cod mature when they are 3-4 yr old or about 14-19 cm long (Gjosaeter 1973; Andriyashev 1954). We found no development of eggs in specimens smaller than 1 1 cm; gonads made up about 1 9r of body wieght. In specimens > 11.5 cm, eggs were clearly visible in the ovaries, and gonads made up 2-2.5% of the body weight. Ba.sed on size at age, Arctic cod in the Beaufort Sea probably first spawn at an age of 3 yrand a length of at least 12.5 cm. Spawning probably occurs in January and February (Klumov 1937; Svetovidov 1948; Andriyashev 1954; Hognestad 1968; Rass 1968). In 187 Arctic cod. 157 stomachs had identifiable contents, 13 were empty, and 17 contained only unidentifiable food remains (Table 5). Copepods (mostly Calainis hyperbureus. C. glaciatis, and Euchaeui i^kidalis) and the amphipod Aplierusa glacialis were the most important prey Mysids, the primary food of Arctic cod in nearshorc waters (inside the barrier islands) of the Beaufort Sea (Bendock 1979). were a minor item in the diet of the fishes we examined from 40 m and deeper Lycodes polaris. ^Cdnaiian eelpout are benthic fishes common on muddy bottoms (Andriyashev 1954). They were the second most numerous species in this study and were caught at 16 stations. Forty-one of the 121 individuals were caught in tow No. 1. That trawl was on the botttim for about 1 h while the ship drifted and made mechanical repairs, and it is possible that eelpout swam into the net to feed on the contents. They occurred at 40-150 m and showed no obvious relationship between abundance and depth. Individuals ranged from 3.8 to 24.5 cm TL with most specimens measuring < 15 cm TL (Fig. 3). A mode was present at about 8.0 cm. The length-weight relationship of Canadian eelpout is PV=0.0054-t-"" (N =16.r = 0.993). Due to the small size and opaque nature of the otoliths, this spe- cies was poorly suited for age determinations. The mode at about 8 Figure 2.— Length-frequencv distribution of Arctic cod caught in the northeastern Chul^chi and western Beaufort Seas, August- September 1976 and 1977. 10 12 TOTAL LENGTH Ccm) Table 4.— Mean and range of length (FL) at various ages for Arctic cod in this and other studies. This study Bendock 19791 Pnidhoc Bay Hognestad 1968 Barents Sea Gjosaeter 1973 Barents Sea Andriy Be ashev 1954 L-) 2 no 70.1 Apherusa ^Ulficlli.\ 44 31 7 82 52.2 Other gammand amphipods 3 9 3 15 10.2 Paralhemisto sp. 2 7 4 3 16 10.2 Mysids 4 9 1 14 8.9 Euphausiids T -> 1 5 3.2 Shrmip 1 2 3 1.9 Chaetognaths 4 3 7 4.5 Medusae 1 1 0.6 cm represented individuals 2+ yr old. The largest individual caught (24.5 cm) was probably 5 + yr old. Ovaries of specimens < 15 cm contained only small ( < 1 mm) eggs while those of individuals 15.5 cm and longer contained eggs of two or three size classes. Eggs of the largest size class ranged from 2.7 to 4.5 mm in diameter The ovaries of individuals 15.5 and 18.9 cm long contained 66 and 135 "large" eggs, respectively, and the gonads made up 8.2 and 19.2% of the body weight. These mea- surements correspond closely with those of Andriyashev (1954). This species probably spawns in fall or early winter In 74 stomachs examined, 9 were empty and 12 contained only unidentifiable food remains. Of the stomachs containing identifi- able food, gammarid amphipods occurred in 27, polychaete worms in 12, cumaceans and caprellids each in 4, and isopods, mysids, shrimp, bnttle stars, and Arctic cod in 1 stomach each. Icelus Ajcorm's.— Seventy-four twohorn sculpins were caught during the 1977 survey. Only two were caught in the 18 tows made west of Prudhoe Bay. A total of 49 were caught at three stations (24, 25, 28), indicating patchy abundance. These sculpins occurred at stations ranging from 50 to 130 m. The three stations of abundance were in 105-1 10 m. Twohorn sculpins ranged in length from 3.0 to 7.0 cm TL (Fig. 4). Most specimens >6 cm were females (20 of 23) and most <6 cm were males (33 of 47). Sexual dimorphism in size is not uncom- mon in sculpins (Andriyashev 1954). Such differences in size may be due to faster growth or differential survival of females. Nine of 1 1 individuals 5 yr or older were females. The length-weight rela- tionship was similar for males and females although there was a tendency for females with well-developed ovaries to fall above the indicated line. That relationship is described by the equation W= 0.0082L' '* (Af = 71 , /■ = 0.955). Length at a given age varied widely; however, the mean length of fishes increased about 2 mm/ yr from the age of 3 to about 5 yr old. Eight 3 -I- -yr-old fish aver- aged 5.45 cm (range 4.6-6.3, SD = 0.583), ten 4-l--yr-old fish UJ CD z ' - [-1 n-79 X-9.9I0. .... 1 — 1 n n n r -| ni Figure 3.— Length-frequency distribution of Canadian eelpout laugiil in tlie northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in .\ugust-Septeniber 1977. FORK LENGTH Ccm) 4. 5 5 5. 5 FORK LENGTH (cm) Figure 4.— Length-frequency distribution of twohorn sculpins caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas in .\ugust-September 1977. averaged 5.65 cm (range 5.0-7.0, SD = 0.650). and six 5 + -yr-old fish averaged 5.87 cm (range 5.4-6.8. SD = 0.557). Females appeared to mature at about 4 yr of age and a size of about 6 cm. The eggs of mature females were 1.4 to 1.9 mm in diameter and ranged in number from 79 to 180. Andriyashev ( 1954) reported that this species spawns in August to October at which time the ovaries contain 147 to 340 eggs up to 3.1 mm in diameter. Stomachs of 38 fishes contained identifiable remains. Gammarid amphipods occurred in 23, polychaetes in II, mysids and isopods each in 3, euphausiids and hyperiid amphipods each in 2, and shrimp and cumaceans each in 1 . Artediellus icaier.— Thirty-six hamecon were caught at 1 1 sta- tions. All stations at which they occurred were in water depths <70 m. Specimens ranged in size from 2.7 cm TL (0.3 g) to 7.6 cm TL (6.6 g). Females > 5.6 cm (about 3 or4yrold) appeared reproduc- tively mature and had 50 to 100 eggs ranging in size from 0.6 to 1 .6 mm. The oldest specimen for which age could be determined was 7 yr old. Growth from the age of 1-5 yr was about 0.8 cm/yr. Stomachs of 24 fishes contained identifiable food. Polychaete worms and gammarid amphipods each occurred in 15 stomachs, mysids in 6, cumaceans in 2, and euphausiids, hyperiid ainphipods, and isopods each in 1 . Aspidophoroides o/nAr/.— Thirty-six Arctic alligatorfish were caught at six stations ranging from 40 to 400 m. Most were caught nearand to the east of Point Barrow. Specimens ranged from 4.0 cm TL (0.3 g) to 6.7 cm TL (2.3 g). A 6.3 cm female had 260 eggs 0.8 to 1.2 mm in diameter. Six stomachs contained identifiable food. Gammarid amphipods occurred in four stomachs and polychaete worms in two. Liparis spp.— Thirty-four snailfish were caught at 20 stations. ■ No more than four individuals occurred in any tow. Most of the specimens could not be identified to species due to damage caused by the large quantities of mud and small rocks present in many of the tows. Three specimens were identified as L. herscheliniis and four as L. koefoedi. The liparids ranged from 3.8 cm TL (0.4 g) to 12.2 cm TL (34.5 g). Age determination was not possible because of minute size and opaque nature of the otoliths. Two specimens (8.5 and 9.7 cm TL) had numerous large (up to 2 mm) eggs which appeared nearly ripe. Of 16 stomachs containing identifiable food, gammarid amphipods occurred in 12, caprellids, hyperiid amphipods, isopods, and poly- chaetes each in 2, and copepods and euphausiids each in 1. Eumicrotremus derjugini .—Tweniy-nine leatherfin lumpsuck- ers were caught in 50- 110 m: 3 west of Prudhoe Bay and 26 east of Prudhoe Bay. Specimens ranged from 2.5 cm TL (0.7 g) to 8.5 cm TL (35.8 g). Only four were larger than 4.0 cm; these were females. Of 21 indi- viduals for which sex was determined, 15 were females and 6 were males. Females >6.5 cm long appeared to be reproductively mature and had eggs of two size classes, 0.4 to 0.8 mm and 3.0 to 4.0 mm diameter No age determinations were made for this spe- cies. The main prey of leatherfin lumpsuckers were hyperiid amphi- pods (Pamlheinisto libelliila) which occurred in 23 of 25 stomachs containing identifiable food. Gammarid amphipods occurred in six stomachs and mysids and polychaetes each in one. Gymnelis v'/nrfw.— Twenty-seven fish doctors were caught at 12 stations throughout the survey area in 43- 130m. They ranged from 7.0cmTL(1.2 g) to 1 1.4cmTL(5.3 g). Three females longerthan 9.0 cm were reproductively mature. The ovaries of each contained about 60 eggs 0.6 to 4.0 mm in diameter No ages were determined for this species. Thirteen stomachs contained identifiable food. Gammarid amphipods occurred in nine, caprellids in two, and mysids, poly- chaetes, and copepods each in one. Icelus spatula.— Twenty specimens of the spatulate .sculpin were caught at four stations ranging from 56 to 123 m. Eight were females with a mean length of 8.3 cm TL (range 5.5-11.0). Six were males with a mean length of 6.6 cm (range 5.6-7.5). Speci- mens ranged in weight from 1 .6 to 14. 1 g. No ages could be deter- mined due to degraded otoliths. Eggs in the ovaries ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 mm and numbered 1 10-1,000. Eggs were more numerous and smaller than those of/, bicornis. Of 10 stomachs containing identifiable food. 4 contained mysids, 3 gammarid amphipods, 2 shrimp, and 1 polychaetes. Epifaunal Invertebrates The following includes only data collected from the 33 trawls made in 1977. Invertebrates from the two 1976 trawls were not worked up in comparable detail. We identified 238 species or species groups of invertebrates including 49 gastropods, 34 amphipods, 28 polychaetes, 27 echino- derms, 25 bivalves, 16ectoprocts, and 14 shrimps. Only 14 species occurred in more than 20 trawls. All except the scallop Deleaopec- ten groenlandicus (which was caught only east of long. 154°W) were found throughout the study area. Forty -one species occurred in 10 or more trawls and almost half of the 238 species occurred in fewer than 5 trawls. At 26 of 33 stations, echinoderms, mainly brit- tle stars and crinoids, were the most abundant invertebrate group. In most cases they composed more than 75 % of the total trawl bio- mass. At least two major community types seemed to exist. West of long. 154°W, brittle stars (usually Ophiiira sarsi) were predomi- nant. Associated species included soft corals (Eunephthya spp.) and sea cucumbers (Psoitis sp. and Cuciimaha sp.). At all stations where this brittle star community was found the bottom was muddy. East of long. 150°W the invertebrate community was character- ized by the scallop Delectopecten groenlandicus and the crinoid Heliomeira glacialis. Sea cucumbers (Psolus sp.), sea urchins (Si nmgyluceni lotus droebachiensis), several species of brittle stars (not Ophiura sarsi). and the shrimp Sabinea seplemcariiuila were usually among the most abundant species. Most trawls in which this species assemblage occurred were in rocky (cobble) areas. Some trawls fell into neither of the above community types. Those trawls were generally in rocky areas between long. 158° and I62°W and between long. 150° and 154°W. Brachyuran crabs.— The spider crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Hyas coarclatus are probably the two single most important forage species of bearded seals in Alaskan waters and are the most com- mon food items of bearded seals in the Beaufort Sea (Lowry et al. 1979). Chionoecetes opilio is found from the Aleutian Peninsula north to the Beaufort Sea, across the Canadian Arctic and into the North Atlantic as far south as Maine. H\as coarclatus alutaceus occurs from the Shumagin Islands south of the Alaska Peninsula north to the Beaufort Sea, throughout the Canadian Arctic, and off Newfoundland, Labrador, and Greenland (Garth 1958). Forty-nine C. opilio were caught in eight trawls, all west of long. 155°W. Maximum carapace length was 7.5 cm. The largest male was 7.5 cm CL and the largest female was 6.8 cm CL. That female was the only ovigerous individual. The next largest female was 3.8 cm. MacGinitie (1955) reported catching no ovigerous females off Point Barrow. According to Watson (1970), 50% of males are mature at 5.7 cm and 50% of females at 5.0 cm. If maturation sizes are similar in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, the number of repro- ductively mature specimens in those areas is low. The ratio of males to females was about 2:1. One hundred and ninety-two H. coarctatus were caught in 28 trawls. Maximum CL was 7.3 cm with an average length of 4.9 cm. The largest female was 4.6 cm, the largest male was 7.3 cm. MacGinitie (1955) reported similar maximum lengths of 4. 9 cm for females and 7.5 cm for males. Approximately equal numbers of males and females were caught. Twenty-eight percent of all females were ovigerous with the smallest ovigerous female having a cara- pace length of 3.2 cm. Percent of ovigerous females varied from 50% west of Point Barrow to 18% east of there. Shrimps.— Shrimps are major prey of bearded seals in the west- ern Beaufort and northeastern Chukchi Seas and are sometimes eaten by ringed seals in those areas (Lowry et al. 1979). Fourteen species belonging to the families Hippolytidae (8 species), Cran- gonidae (5 species), and Pandalidae (1 species) were identified. All 14 species were also reported by MacGinitie (1955) from the Point Barrow region and by Carey (1977). MacGinitie and Carey together listed an additional five species from the Beaufort Sea which were not found in this study. Shrimp were present in all trawls with 2-8 species per trawl. In 22 tows, shrimp biomass was greater than fish biomass. This was especially true east of Point Barrow. A summary of distribution, abundance, and biological data for each species is given in Table 6. Family Hippolytidae —£«a/Mi gaimardii belcheri was the most numerous shrimp in our trawls and occurred at 40-150 m on both muddy and rocky bottoms. It was the most numerous species by number and biomass at 10 stations, all of which were west of Pmdhoe Bay. Although they were present throughout the study area, numbers decreased noticeably east of Pmdhoe Bay. Minimum length was 5 mm CL and maximum was 14 mm CL. Maximum size of our specimens is considerably smaller than that (22 mm) reported by Squires (1970) for the eastern Canadian Arctic. Twenty-nine percent of the total number was ovigerous. The small- est ovigerous female measured 8 mm. Euahts macilenta occurred at 28 stations in water depths of 40-400 ni. It was the most numerous shrimp at three .stations deeper than 100 m. Eiialus macilenta and E. g. belcheri frequently cooc- curred in trawls, with E. g. belcheri the most numerous in water shallower than 100 m and E. macilenta usually the most numerous deeper than 100 m. Eualus macilenta was present in all of the deeper trawls whereas E. gaimardii was often absent. Squires (1970) reported that it was most abundant in deeper, colder waters. Carapace lengths ranged from 6 to 12 mm with a mode at 9 mm. There were no ovigerous females; however, many females carried large, visible eggs under the carapace. Eualus macilenta ranges in the west Atlantic from Greenland to Nova Scotia and in the North Pacific from the Okhotsk and Bering Seas to the Arctic Ocean at depths of 55-540 m (Squires 1970). Table 6.— Summary of data collected on shrimps caught in the northeastern Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas during August-Septem- ber 1977. Depth (m) Sire % Smallest No. of Species No. Range (mm) Mode(s) ovig. ovig. occurrences Comments Eualus gaimardii 40-150 1.302 5-14 9 29.4 8 23 Less numerous east of Prudhoe Bay Suhinea sepiemcarinata 40-400 912 6-19 10.16 7 1 16 28 Most numerous east of Point Barrow Eualus imuilenta 40-400 542 6-12 9 0 28 Most numerous in water >100m Spironiocaris spina 45-400 80 5-16 9 35.7 7 14 Sclerocrangon boreas 44-102 67 13-25 15,20 0 4 Only west of Point Barrow PandaUts gortiurus 40-400 59 7-25 9,13,19 6.8 16 12 Mainly west of Prudhoe Bay Lebheus polaris 50-150 37 4-16 6,10 2.7 12 12 Mainly east of Point Barrow L. groenlandicus 50-80 6 13-22 16.6 22 3 Argis lar 40-50 5 12-20 0 4 Only west of Point Barrow Eualus fabricii 50-60 4 7-10 0 2 Crutig'on communis 40-50 3 10-13 0 3 West of Priidhoe Bay Spironiocaris phippsi 50 1 1 Eualus suckleyi 50-110 4 Only presence or absence information available Argis denlata 48-110 2 0 2 Only presence or absence information available Eualus fabricii was caught in only two trawls at depths of 50 and 60 m. Size range was 7-10 mm CL. None was ovigerous. Else- where they are reported from the Japan Sea and the east Siberian coast to Alaska, the Arctic Ocean off Alaska, and the northwest Atlantic, at 4-200 m (Squires 1970). Eualus suckleyi was identified from four trawls at depths of 50-1 10 m. No further information was noted for these specimens. Lebbeus polaris was present in 12 trawls at depths of 50-150 m. Size range was 4-16 mm CL with modal sizes at 6 and 10 mm. Three percent of all individuals were ovigerous with the smallest ovigerous female measuring 12 mm. Squires (1970) in the Cana- dian Arctic reported the smallest ovigerous female to be 10 mm. In this trawl series L. polaris was found mainly east of Barrow. MacGinitie (1955) caught three specimens off Barrow. Squires (1970) summarized distributional information forZ.. polaris as fol- lows: in the North Atlantic from the polar regions to Skaggerak and the Hebrides in Europe, to Cape Cod in America, in the North Pacific from the Aleutians, and Bering and Okhotsk Seas, at 0-930 m. Six specimens of Lebbeus groenlandicus v/ere caught at three stations in depths of 50-80 m. Carapace length ranged from 13 to 22 mm. A single individual (22 mm CL) was ovigerous. Lebbeus groenlandicus is present in the North Atlantic from east and west Greenland and from the Canadian Arctic to Cape Cod, in the North Pacific from arctic Alaska, the Bering Sea to Puget Sound, and the Sea of Okhotsk at depths <200 m (Squires 1970). Spironiocaris spina was caught in 2 1 trawls at depths of 45-400 m. It was the fourth most numerous species of shrimp. Carapace lengths ranged from 5 to 16 mm with the main size mode at 9 mm. Thirty-six percent of all individuals were ovigerous and the small- est ovigerous female measured 7 mm CL. This species seemed to prefer rocky bottoms although it occurred at least once on a hard mud bottom. Spironiocaris spina is circumpolan It is widespread in the North Atlantic, in the North Pacific from arctic Alaska, Bering Strait. Bering Sea, the Siberian east coast to the Alaska Peninsula and Vancouver, B.C. (Rathbun 1904: Squires 1970). A single specimen of Spironiocaris phippsi was caught in 1977 in 50 m of water in the eastern part of the study area. Twenty-four individuals were caught in a single trawl off Pitt Point in 1976 at 40 111. Distribution is circumpolan It occurs from arctic Alaska to the Shumagins, the Atlantic coast of America southward to Cape Cod, off northern Europe, in 10-250 m (Rathbun 1904). Family Pandalldae.— We caught a single species of pandalid shrimp, Pandalus goniurus. Pandalus borealis was also reported near Point Barrow by MacGinitie (1955). Pandalus goniurus occurred in 12 trawls at depths of 40-400 m. Only 3% of the indi- viduals were caught east of Pmdhoe Bay. Individuals ranged from 7 to 25 mm CL. Although total sample size was relatively small (59) there appeared to be three size modes at 9, 13, and 19 mm. Seven percent of all individuals were ovigerous, the smallest ovigerous female measuring 16 mm CL. According to Rathbun (1904) P goniurus ranges from the arctic coast of Alaska southward to the Okhotsk Sea and Puget Sound, in 5-250 m. Occurrence in water > 100 m is unusual. Family Crangonidae.— Five species of crangonid shrimps were identified. Of these five, only one, Sabinea sepiemcarinata. was widespread and abundant. Sabinea sepieincarinala, the second most numerous shrimp in our samples, was collected in 28 trawls at depths of 40-400 m. It was the most numerous shrimp species in 15 trawls, all of which were east of Barrow. Sabinea occurred west of Point Barrow, but only in very low numbers ( < 3% of the total shrimp catches). Car- apace lengths ranged from 6 to 19 mm, with modes at 10 and 16 mm. Only 7% of all individuals were ovigerous and the smallest ovigerous female was 16 mm, considerably larger than the smallest ovigerous female (10 mm) reported by Squires (1970) for the east- ern Canadian Arctic. Sabinea sepiemcarinata is widely distributed throughout the North Atlantic. It occurs in the Beaufort Sea and the east Siberian Sea at 45-345 m (Squires 1970). Sclerocrangon boreas was present in only four trawls, all west of Point Barrow, in 44-102 m. Only two rocky bottom stations occurred west of Barrow and 5. boreas was the dominant shrimp at both of those stations. Carapace lengths ranged from 13 to 25 mm with modes at 15 and 20 mm. No ovigerous females were pre.sent. Leech egg cases, reported by MacGinitie (1955) to be Crangonob- delki murmanica, were present on the pleopods of several individ- uals. Sclerocrangon boreas is primarily an arctic species. It is present throughout the North Atlantic, in the North Pacific from Bering Strait and Kilesnov to the Straits of Georgia, B.C., in the Arctic Ocean from Siberia to Point Barrow, at 0-400 m (Squires 1970). Squires (1969) reported this specie.s from one shallow water station in the western Canadian Arctic (Franklin Bay). Argis lar was present in four trawls west of Barrow, in 40-50 m. Carapace lengths were 12-20 mm. No ovigerous females were present. Carey (1977) reported /I. lar from north of Camden Bay. It occurs from the arctic coast of Alaska and Siberia southward to Sitka and the Kuril Islands, and off Greenland, in 0-90 m (Rathbun 1904). Only two specimens of Argis denlata were identified. No further information is available on those specimens. Cmngon communis was identified from three trawls, all west of Prudhoe Bay, in 40-50 m. Range of carapace lengths was 10-13 mm. No ovigerous individuals were present. A single specimen of C. communis was taken by MacGinitie in 1949 (MacGinitie 1955). That was the first report of this species north of Bering Strait. Rathbun (1904) reported C. communis from the Bering Sea to San Diego. Calif., at 40-600 m. Aniphipods.— Gammarid amphipods are prey of many demersal fishes, seabirds, Arctic cod, ringed and bearded seals, and bow- head whales, Balaena mysticetus (Lowry et al. 1979). They occurred in 34 trawls, but seldom made up more than 2% of the total trawl biomass. Fifteen families and 34 species were identified. The families Lysianassidae and Ampeliscidae were represented by the greatest number of species, eight and five, respectively. Most species occurred at 1-3 stations. Seven including Ampelisca eschrichti, Acamhostepheia behringiensis . Rhacolropis aculecila, Anonyx nugax, Socarnes bidentata. Slegocepluila inflalus, and Ste- gocephalopsis ampulla occurred at more than 10. Only Rhacolro- pis aculeata showed any obvious geographic variation in abundance; it was by far more numerous between Point Barrow and Pmdhoe Bay than elsewhere. Gastropods.— Snails are a regular prey item of bearded seals and walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) (Fay et al. 1977; Lowry et al. 1979). Thirteen families and 49 species were identified from our trawls. The families Buccinidae and Neptunidae were represented by the greatest number of species. Margariics cosialis occurred at all but six stations. It was the most numerous snail in the trawl survey. Seven species of Buccinum occurred in the trawls. Buccinum polare and B. scaliforme were most numerous. Buccinid snails were in general more abundant west of Prudhoe Bay. Ten species of the family Neptunidae occurred in the trawls. Snails of the genus Colus were most common, especially east of Prudhoe Bay. The genera Plicifusus and Neptunea were present mainly west of Prudhoe Bay. East-west distributional patterns were indicated for several other species and genera. Natica clausa was found only west of Prudhoe Bay, and 9 of 10 tows in which Polinices pallida occurred were west of Prudhoe Bay. Admeie couthouyi and two species of the genus Tricholropsis were present only west of Point Barrow. Three species of the genus Trophonopsis (Boreotrophon) were represented in the trawls. Although these species occurred both east and west of Point Barrow, most specimens were caught east of Prudhoe Bay. Bivalves.— Bivalve molluscs are generally abundant and diverse in the benthos. Carey (1977) listed 85 species in his arctic species list. Bivalves are a major food of walruses and bearded seals (Lowry etal. 1979). Twenty-five species belonging to 12 families were identified from our trawls. Only seven species occurred in more than five trawls. The small transparent scallop Delectopecten groenlandicus was by far the most abundant species, although it was found only east of long. I50°W. It was abundant where it was present. A small, chalky, heavy-shelled species. Balhyarca glacialis, was the second most numerous bivalve. It was caught only east of Pradhoe Bay and was patchy in occurrence. Nuculana pernula occurred only east of the Prudhoe Bay area. Its occurrence coincided closely with that of B. glacialis and D. groenlandicus. Cyclocardia crassidens was present throughout the area sam- pled, as was Nucula tenuis. Two species of Astarte were common. Astarie monlegui was present in greatest numbers west of Prudhoe Bay whereas A . crenata was most numerous east of Prudhoe Bay. Polychaetes.— Polychaetes are a major component of Beaufort Sea infauna (Carey 1977). They were also a regular component of the epifauna. Most specimens we collected were fragmented and in very poor condition. Nonetheless, 15 families and 27 species were identified. The scaleworms. Family Polynoidae, were the most widespread and numerous, occurring in 24 trawls. Three species, Antinoella sarsi, Eunoe nodosa, and Gattyana cirrosa, were most common. Only two other species occurred at more than five stations. Those were Nereis zonata, most numerous west of Prudhoe Bay, and Brada granulata. present in all areas. Echinoderms.— Echinoderms were by far the most abundant invertebrates in the western Beaufort and northeastern Chukchi Seas. We found 27 species: 15 asteroids, 7 ophiuroids, I echinoid, 1 crinoid, and 3 holothuroids. Ophiuroids were most abundant but least diverse west of long. 154°W. Opbiura sarsi was the only species identified. East of long. I54°W numbers of ophiuroids decreased but at least six species occurred. Ophiacantha bidentata was the most common. The sea urchin, Stronglyocentrotus droebachiensis. was present at rocky stations and absent from all muddy stations. It occurred in 14 trawls in relatively low numbers (usually fewer than 10/trawl). Heliametra glacialis. a crinoid, was the dominant organism at 8 of 15 stations east of Prudhoe Bay. It was abundant at most of the other eastern .stations, but did not occur at all west of Point Barrow. Sea cucumbers were extremely numerous and widespread. Cucu- niaria sp. was present at 17 stations and Psolus sp. at 16. The two species often cooccurred. Sea stars were the most diverse of the echinoderms, though never so abundant as other groups. Crossaster papposus and Leptasterias griK'idundicus were the most common, each occurring in more than 20 trawls. The average number of species per trawl increased from 1 .4 in the west to 3.7 in the east. The maximum number of species per trawl west of Point Barrow was three whereas east of Prudhoe Bay it was seven. This difference may be related to the increased number of small bivalves in the eastern area. Other groups.— Sponges, anemones, flatworms. nemerteans, bryozoans, and tunicates were present in many trawls. The taxon- omy of many of these groups is pooriy known for arctic waters and thus the species lists presented in this report are incomplete. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Logistic support for this study was provided by the USCGC Gla- cier. We thank the many crew members who devoted their off-duty time to helping us work up trawl catches, mend gear, and record data. We especially thank our colleagues John J. Burns and Larry M. Shults for the many hours spent conducting trawls, sorting the contents, and identifying, weighing, and measuring fishes and invertebrates. Don E. McAllister (National Museums of Canada) kindly examined many of the fish specimens. George Mueller and others at the University of Alaska Marine Museum/Sorting Center sorted, identified, and enumerated many of the invertebrates. Funding was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program and by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-17-9. LITERATURE CITED ALVERSON. D. L., and NJ, WILIMOVSKY. 1966. Fishery investigations of the southeastern Chulri nereis fragilis - 29 FAM. SPIONIDAE Laonice cirrata - 31 FAM. FLABELLIGERIDAE *Brada granulata - 1, 2, 4-9, 11, 12, 20, 22, 30, 31 *Brada inhabilis - 9, 12 Flabelligera af finis - 1, 6, 9 FAM. SCALIBREGMIDAE Scalibregma inf latum - 27, 29 FAM. STERNASPIDAE Sternapsis scutata - 18, 29 FAM. PECTINARIIDAE Cistenides granulata - 1 12 Cistenides hijperborea - 5, 5, 8 FAM. AMPHARETIDAE Amphicteis sp. - 22 FAM. TEREBELLIDAE Amphitrite cirrata - 12 PHYLUM MOLLUSCA CLASS GASTROPODA ORDER ARCHAEOGASTROPODA FAM. LEPETIDAE - 28 Lepeta caeca - 20, 25 FAM. TROCHIDAE Margaritas costalis - 1, 2, 4-12, 14, 16-20, 22-32, 34 Solariella obscura - 4, 6 Solariella varicosa - 2, 16, 17 ORDER MESOGASTEROPODA FAM. TURRITELLIDAE Tachyrynchus erosus - 4, 18, 19 Tachyrynchus reticulatis - 12, 18, 20, 30, 33 FAM. TRICHOTROPIDIDAE Trichotropis borealis - 4, 5, 7, 8 Trichotropis kroyeri - 8, 9, 27 FAM. LAMELLAR! I DAE Onchidiopsis glacialis - 10, 26 Piliscus commondum - 10 Velutina sp. - 1, 10 Velutina undata - 3, 6, 8, 10, 34 Marsenina glabra - 1 FAM. NATICIDAE Natica clausa - 1, 2, 4-8, 10-13, 34 Polinices pallida - 2, 4, 6-8, 11, 16, 18, 22, 34 ORDER NEOGASTROPODA FAM. MURICIDAE Trophonopsis (Boreotrophon) clathratus - 10, 22, 31 Trophonopsis (Boreotrophon) muriciformis - 2, 5, 18 Trophonopsis (Boreotrophon) beringi - 8-10, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22-32 13 FAM. BUCCINIDAE Buccinum sp. - 1, 10, 11, 23, 24, 28, 34, B Buccinum angulosum - 1, 12, 19, 22, 29 Buccinum scalariforme - 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 19, 28, 29, 31 Buccinum glaciale - 10 Buccinum solenum - 8, 9, 22 Buccinum polare - 1, 2, 5-8, 12, 22, 24, 25 Buccinum ciliatum - 2, 10, 17 Buccinum plectrum - 10, 16 FAM. NEPTUNIDAE Beringius beringi - 17, 27, A Colus sp. - 4, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 34, B Colus spitzbergensis - 34 Colus roseus - 4, 5, 9, 12, 20, 22, 28 Colus trombinus - 2 Neptunea sp. - 5, 13 Neptunea sp. c.f. boreal is - 2, 4 Neptunea heros - 10, 12, 18, 20, B Plicifusus kroyeri - 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 27, 28, A Pyrulofusus deformis - 18, 22 Volutopsius fragilus - 12, 24 FAM. CANCELLARI IDAE Admete sp. - 6 Admete couthouyi (or middeandorffiana) - 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 34 Admete regina - 29 FAM. TURK I DAE Mangel i a sp. - 12 Oenopota sp, - 4, 6, 7, 17 Oenopota turricula - 34 Oenopota harpa - 4, 8, 17, 20 Oenopota tenuicostata - 8 ORDER CEPHALASPIDEA FAM. SCAPHANDRIDAE Cylichna alba - 2, 5, 6 ORDER NUD I BRANCH I A Unidentified nudibranch - 6, 8, 10, 25, 26 14 Dendronotus sp. - 3, 13 Dendronotus da Hi - 17 CLASS POLYP LACOPHORA Ischnochiton albus - 3, 10 Amicula vestita - 3, 10 CLASS BIVALVIA ORDER NUCULOIDA FAM. NUCULIDAE Nucula tenuis - 2, 4, 5, 11, 15, 17, 31 FAM. NUCULANIDAE Nuculana pernula - 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25-31, 33 Nuculana minuta - 4, 15, 17 Yoldia sp. - 7, 28, 29 Yoldia hyperborea - 2, 6, 18, 26 Yoldia myalis - 15, 17, 31 ORDER ARCOIDA FAM. ARC I DAE Bathyarca glacialis - 19, 20, 22-29, 31, 33 ORDER MYTILOIDA FAM. MYTILIDAE Musculus corrugatus - 10 ORDER PTERIOIDA FAM. PECTINIDAE Chlamys sp. - 1, 11, 17 Delectopecten greenlandicus - 14, 15-33 ORDER VENEROIDA FAM. CARDITIDAE Cyclocardia sp. - 9, 10, B Cyclocardia c.f. rajabiminae - 4, 6, 7 Cyclocardia crassidens - 1, 2, 10, 12, 17, 20, 22 FAM. ASTARTIDAE Astarte sp. - 5, 8, 9, 10, B Astarte borealis - 1, 2, 12, 22 Astarte montegui - 2, 4, 8, 11, 12, 17, 19, 22, 27, 31, 34 Astarte crenata - 10, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33 15 FAM. CARDIIDAE Clinocardium ciliatum - 2, 4, 7, 8, 13 Serripes groenlandicus - 4, 13 FAM. TELLINIDAE Nacoma calcarea - 4, 12 Macoma moesta - 7, 11, 15, 22, 31 Nacoma loveni - 2 FAM. VENERIDAE Liocxjma fluctuosa - 17 ORDER MYOIDA FAM. HIATELLIDAE Hiatella arctica - 8, 9 ORDER PHOLADOMYOIDA FAM. LYONS I I DAE Lyonsia sp. - 5, 6 FAM. CUSPIDARIIDAE Cuspidaria glacialis - 25 CLASS CEPHALOPODA FAM. SEPIOLIDAE Rossia pacifica - 28 FAM. OCTOPODIDAE Octopus sp. - 1, 12, 14, 21, 22, 24, 28, B PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CLASS PYCNOGONIDA Nr/mphon longitarse - 1 Nymphon brevitarse - 3, 20, 21, 24, 30 CLASS CRUSTACEA SUBCLASS CIRRIPEDIA Balanus crenatus - 10 SUBCLASS MALACOSTRACA ORDER CUMACEA Diastylis bidentata - 10, 27 Diastylis goodsiri - 19, 20, 29 Diastylis spinulosa - 19 ORDER ISOPODA Saduria sabini - 29 16 Synidotea bicuspida - 2, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 27 Synidotea nodulosa - 11 ORDER AMPHIPODA FAN. ACANTHONOTOZOMATIDAE Acanthonotozoma inf latum - 2, 7, 8, 11, 34 Acanthonotozoma serratum - 10 FAM. AMPELISCIDAE Ampelisca macrocephala - 30 Ampelisca birulai - 27 Ampelisca eschrichti - 1, 2, 8, 11, 13, 14, 18, 20, 27, 28, 29, A Byblis gaimardi (eschrichti) - 2 Haploops sp. - 2, 11, 16, 27 FAM. ATYLIDAE Atylus smitti - 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 32, 33 FAM. CALLIOPIIDAE Halirages nilssoni - 2, 17 FAM. COROPHIIDAE Ericthonius tolli - 10 FAM. EUSIRIDAE Eusirus sp. - 14 Eusirus cuspidatus - 2, 10, 20 Rhacotropis aculeata - 1-4, 6-9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 32, A, B Rozinante fragilis - 2 FAM. GAMMARIDAE Maera sp. - 10 Melita sp. - 10 FAM. ISAEIDAE Photis vinogradovi - 2 FAM . I S CHYROCER I DAE Ischyrocerus latipes - 2, 10 FAM. LYS I ANAS SI DAE Unidentified Lysianassid - 10 Anonyx sp. - 2 Anonyx nugax - 1, 2, 4, 6-11, 14, 18-22, 24, 25-31, 34, A, B Anonyx laticoxae - 2, 22, 26, 27 Hippomedon sp. - 20 17 Orchomene sp. - 17 Socarnes bidenticulatus - 1-4, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22, 27, 30, 31, 32 Tryphosella (Tmetonyx) sp. 20, 22, 27, 30 FAM. MELPHIDIPPIDAE Melphidippa goesi - 2 FPM. OEDICEROTIDAE Acanthostepheia behringiensis - 2, 4, 6-9, 13, 17-20, 22, 24, 25, 27-31, 33, 34, B Paroediceros lynceus - 2, 11, 34 FAM. PARAMPHITHOIDAE Paramphithoe polgcantha - 6, 7, 8, 11, 34 Paramphithoe cuspidata - 29 FAM. PLEUSTIDAE Pleustes panoplus - 2, 7, 8, 9 FAM. STEGOCEPHALIDAE Stegocephalopsis ampulla - 1, 8, 10, 11, 16, 21, 23, 24, 25-28, 30-33 Stegocephala inflatus - 1, 2, 3, 5, 8-11, 16-34, A, B ORDER DECAPODA SUBORDER NATANTIA FAM. HIPPOLYTIDAE Spirontocaris sp. - 7, 26, 31, 32 Spirontocaris phippsi - 1, 3, 8, 15-18, 21, 22, 27, 30, 31, A Spirontocaris spina - 1, 7-10, 12, 14, 21, 23-26, 31, 32, A, B Lebbeus groenlandica - 16, 21, 31 Lebbeus polaris - 1, 16, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30-34 Eualus fabricii - 3, 17 Eualus suckleyi - 10, 16, 31, 32 Eualus gaimardii - 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 34, A, B Eualus macilenta - 1, 2, 4-13, 16-20, 22, 24-32, 34, A, B FAM. PANDALIDAE Pandalus goniurus - 2, 3, 5-8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 32, 33, B FAM. CRANGONIDAE Crangon communis - 4, 5, 17 Sclerocrangon boreas - 1, 3, 8, 10 Argis lar - 5, 5, 7, 9, A, B Argis dentata - 5, 32 Sabinea septemcarinata - 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 11-34, A, B SUBORDER REPTANTIA SECTION ANOMURA Pagurus sp. - 25, 31 Pagurus trigonocheirus - 2, 10-14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, A Pagurus rathbuni - 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, B Labidochirus spendescens - 2, 11, 13, 16, 30, 34 SECTION BRACHYURA Hgas coarctatus alutaceus - 1-4, 8-28, 30, 31, 34, A, B Chionoecetes opilio - 1, 4-7, 9, 11, 34, B PHYLUM SIPUNCULA Golfingia margaritacea - 1, 3, 4, 10 PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA Alcyonidium vermiculare -1,9 Unidentified Flustrellidae - 10 Flustrella gigantea - 9 Beronicea meandrina - 17 Eucratea loricata - 1, 16 Tegella spitzbergensis - 16 Dendrobeania levinseni - , 7, 9 Dendrobeania murrayana - 3, 10 Rhamphostomella gigantea - 1 Cystisella saccata - 16, 18 Cellopora sp. - 10, 17 *Myriozoum orientale - 10 Flustra membranaceotruncata - 1 Flustra serrulata - 4, 9, 11 Carbasea (Flustra) carbasea - 14 Escharopsis sarsi - 1, 10 PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA Hemithiris psittacea - 27 19 PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA CLASS ASTEROIDA FAM. PORCELLANASTERIDAE Ctenodiscus crispatus - 11, 12, 13, 29, 34, B FAM. BENTHOPECTINIDAE Pontaster tenuispinus - 23, 24, 25 FAM. PORANIIDAE Poraniomorpha tumida - 20, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33 FAM. ECHINASTERIDAE Henricia sp. - 1, 17 Henricia sanguinolenta? - 14 FAM. PTERASTERIDAE Pteraster militaris - 30 Pteraster obscurus - 9, 17, 20, 24, 25, 26 FAM. SOLASTERIDAE Crossaster papposus - 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 17, 20-32, 34, A, B Lophaster furcifer - 21, 23, 24, 28, 29 Solaster dawsoni - 1, 11, 20, 24, 34, A, B FAM. ASTERIIDAE Leptasterias sp. - 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 22 Leptasterias groenlandica - 5, 12, 15-33, A, B Leptasterias hylodes c.f. L. arctica - 18 Urasterias lincki - 15, 18, 19, 24, 28, 29, 31, 33 Icasterias panopla - 21 CLASS OPHIUROIDEA FAM. GORGONOCEPHALIDAE Gorgonocephalus carxji - 12, 19, 29, 33, 34 FAM. OPHIURIDAE - 24, 25, 27, 28, 30-33 Ophiocten sericeum - 19, 21, 23, 26, 31 *Ophiura c.f. robust a - 21, 23 Ophiura sarsi - 1, 4-9, 11, 12, 13, 16-20, 22, 29, 34, A, B Stegophiura nodosa - 14, 15, 17 FAM. OPH I ACANTHI DAE Ophiacantha bidentata - 21, 23, 25, 26, 29-32, A, B FAM. OPH I ACT I DAE *Ophiopholis sp. c.f. O. aculeata - 26 20 CLASS ECHINODEA Strongylocentrotis droebachiensis - 1, 3, 10, 17, 21, 23-25, 28, 30-33 CLASS HOLOTHUROIDEA Psolus sp. - 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, A, B Cucumaria sp. - 1, 2, 4-11, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 27, 34 Myriotrochus rinkii - 5, 7, 8, 19, 30 CLASS CRINOIDEA Heliametra glacialis - 11, 19-33, B PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATA FAM. POLYCLINIDAE Synoicum pulmonaria - 9 Aplidiopsis pannosum - 10 FAM. CORELLIDAE Chelyosoma macleayanum - 10 FAM. ASCIDIIDAE Ascidia prunum - 1, 23-25, 27, 28, FAM. STYELIDAE Dendrodoa pulchella - 16, 17 Pelonaia corrugata - 4 FAM. PYURIDAE Boltenia ovifera - 3, 10 Boltenia echinata - 17 FAM. MOLGULIDAE Molgula griff ithsii - 20 SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA CLASS OSTEICHTHYES FAM. GAD I DAE Arctogadus glacialis - 34 Boreogadus saida - 1-14, 16-22, 24, 26-29, 31, 34, A, B FAM. ZOARCIDAE Gymnelis viridis - 1, 4, 7, 9, 16, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, A Lycodes mucosus - 16, 24, A Lycodes polaris - 1, 4, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 22, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34 A, B 21 Lycodes raridens - 1, 24, B Lycodes rossi - B FAM. COTTIDAE Icelus bicornis - 14, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26-32 Icelus spatula - 1, 20, 31, B Artediellus scaber - 4-7, 9, 16, 17, 18, 31, 33, A Gymnocanthus tricuspis - 13, 14, A Triglops pingeli - 24, 28, A FAM. CYCLOPTERIDAE (=LIPARIDAE) Eumicrotremus derjugini - 16, 17, 20, 24-28, 30, 31, 33 Liparis sp. - 1, 2, 6, 12, 17, 18, 19, 21-24, 28-33, A, B FAM. AGON I DAE Aspidophoroides olriki - 1, 11, 12, 34, A, B FAM. STICHAEIDAE Lumpenus fabricii - A, B Lumpenus maculatus - 7 Lumpenus medius - 18 Eumesogrammus praecisus - 3, 14, A * Provisional identifications. MBL WHOI Library - Serials 5 WhSE 04529 22 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS Circular and Special Scientific Report— Fisheries Guidelines for Contributors CONTENTS OF MANUSCRIPT First page. Give the title (as concise as possible) of the paper and the author's name, and footnote the author's affiliation, mailing address, and ZIP code. Contents. Contains the text headings and abbreviated figure legends and table headings. Dots should follow each entry and page numbers should be omitted. Abstract. Not to exceed one double-spaced page. Foot- notes and literature citations do not belong in the abstract. Text. See also Form of the Manuscript below. Follow the U.S. Government Priming Office Style Manual, 1973 edi- tion. 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