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PS ty Pyistenss Spe htenieseri tt arte ee geaerenn an ee gua erererrhepi 9s Ord sesoter, forsee Petiteteienctt: thet 0 vot eo puiangrt 9 908 Weeete | Seat etd ERS: SARS Re eas janine eetevstoteeons re 8st Pea ee tn eee ye saeyes farutse jarsaib setsist tcasa'seupiemmese sect otan bode; obotatina: 90s yo¥. Gases sBaties@ngelam-tnr eres te plarsorerns Dersemr acest rahe pesens anes obots or ar art wLeervrnns rst saehen ceri tatemerer teers rate she meaegnae te iat os apraerieheivine bed hien te tote Sine sete Sai magpinsesen rite Ness siscsstreteateefiedsne hon card wow senaspntog sts foe NOM sie Be AMERICAN Pale Ol RA VOLUME 28B UMBELLALES CORNALES. PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 1944-1945 VOLUME 28B WAS PUBLISHED IN TWO PARTS Part ie Pagesl—160) S05 | 2 a oe ee) 0 Decembenmloae PART 25) ePagesHOl—397i 0) mans senses eset (anne 2 OD CeIn De tele. AUTHORS OF VOLUME 28B ALBERT CHARLES SMITH (Araliaceae) MILDRED EsTHER Maruias (with Constance, Umbelliferae) LINCOLN CONSTANCE (with Matutias, Umbelliferae) HaroLtpD WILLIAM RicKETT (Umbellales, Cornales, Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Bibliography) CONTENTS Umibellalesis.. .cccacdav accuse aa 1 PATUAT LA GH Aetna eiaickeieatt chica (ia 3 Araliaye® nays cusmys sameeren ats 4 Sciadodendron........... 8 Megalopanaxs: | aic cen «ac 8 IR ANIA ecto. Sp rehewey crssielone Ss &) @Oplopanaxs ss cnsc cee 10 DidymOopalaxe errs. n meee 11 Dendropanax:...-22. 50.5 < 14 mchelerairerse acetate eens. 25 Mreopanaxnnens cocecci 29 (WUMBELUINERAT oc. acjemnie 43 ASGIAGIIIM mera riers 51 Etydrocotyles:-)..2. 0... 51 Gentellat icv sey sceteris 58 Micropletitas s..os. 4-4.) 59 Spananthe verses ancl: 60 Bowlesiag A aac vacthe caists 60 AStenISCUMMe yee ee ee ele 61 INGOPOCZIalscrac reais ieioe 62 (Sika) (ob) Cle aaron eon 63 ADEE NAK NY Gb ope nBae see 71 Spermolepis............. 71, 293 Pedinopetalum.......... 73 Neonelsonia.=...5......... 73 RAR ElIal-perts coy cece 74, 293 @rogenianens sativa ccie 74 Donnellsmithia.......... 75 ALISA Tre sori Siecrrace 81 Orequanayee rane sees 89 Eton phe geeiy thet coaetetiae 90 IATL ACACIA seclsnc ting eeeere ss 90 Ammoselintm......:...: 103 Gryptotaeniannc a ceanee 104, 293 Osmorhiza enue eee 105, 293 CAN GIR cenit ty hee 109 MDOGIMIS Hes ewesee re Cee 110, 293 Gavealish so star. vatee ee 111, 293 Daucus are eae eaves 112, 294 AmthriScus sce etee ete eacrae 114, 294 Ibe ysrqyeCh ys odosouenoe 115 Caminume ee eee 116 Chaerophyllum.......... 117, 294 @reomiyrrbiss..5 05... 120 Hoenictitimnae sane 121 sbaenidiaz 204s... 436. bos 121 PA CAC WARS 8 ADC GEOR SIO TTT 122 FLAT DOULIar ye lecteycrt eerste 124 IMITISINCONK cise savers creas 124, 295 iii ITE HES Ah Oo onh. stain stores Nien 126 INGOPEMAES ccosmodenscen 128 Rhysoptentisseeces sce: 128 PAD LUT teeter ord oa ras 129, 295 Petroselintumice 2s -o0 se 131 Pimpinel laa wee er 132, 295 Carumsenene- soci ees 134 ACZOPOGIIINe evista eee 134 IBUplednuimee eee eee 135, 295 Coniunieeree sacar 137 Atrina aes atredteris cess cee 138, 295 ial cantare sean t tee oe 139, 295 Pentdenidiasesees eee 139 I AOS SEE oo son occousod 142 Podisterapereem eee ora 148 Conandrim teres eee 150 Biforaen chee eee 150 Bertilascerntractoiccwer nts 151 Silimer eine acer aCe 152, 295 Seseliteverte:. cece iara ce 153 Ciettanyea.s Sanne 154 @enanthe casero. 157 Aethusale str. jsteca cakes 159 nlaeopsisse een eee 159 Wattecosmalyc rye screenees ees 161 Btilimninmepeee eee erer 161 Cynosciadiumyee eae 164 Limnosciadium.......... 164 Goaxanalc ian stance, 165 Coulterophytum......... 166 QreoxisManee re sachin 168 Glehniawy ative ioe 169 Cymoptertissemn sere 170 Btenyxiaey era aioe 183 shhaspittin serene 187 Pseudocymopterus....... 189 Cridiime nee ieee ene 190 Conioselinum............ 190 Angelica. Maan cmicrdsryets 192 Sphenosciadium.......... 202 Mevisticiimieae sec neencer 202 Anieth timer racine ae 203 Pinytaenitalee see ae 203 Myrrhidendron.......... 204 Prionosciadium.......... 205 Rhodosciadium.......... 213 Bnantiophyllaw.-s40) 6 218 Oxy polisteen eee eae 219 iv Pseudotaenidia.......... IWoynthotbeals nade vadGoous Polytaeniam .eeeeereoetee Tmperatoriaws ie selec sere Pastinaca leracletimiby.ai nesta Eryngium CONTENTS 221 222 258 259 259 260 261 297 299 299 313 313 317 375 | a { NEW } iS BOTA GAR VoLUME 28B Part 1 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA UMBELLALES HAROLD WILLIAM RICKETT ARALIACEAE ALBERT C. SMITH UMBELLIFERAE (PARS) MILDRED E. MATHIAS AND LINCOLN CONSTANCE Subscription Price, $3.20 Separate Copies, $4.05 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN December 30, 1944 ANNOUNCEMENT NortH AMERICAN FLORA is designed to present in one work descriptions of all plants growing, independent of cultivation, in North America, here taken to include Greenland, Central America, the Republic of Panama, and the West Indies, except Trinidad, Tobago, and Curacao and other islands off the north coast of Venezuela, whose flora is essentially South American. The work will be published in parts at irregular intervals, by the New York Botanical Garden, through the aid of the income of the David Lydig Fund bequeathed by Charles P. Daly. It is planned to issue parts as rapidly as they can be prepared, the extent of the work making it possible to commence publication at any number of points. The completed work will form a series of volumes with the following sequence: Volume 1. Myxomycetes, Schizophyta. Volumes 2 to 10. Fungi. Volumes 11 to 13. Algae. Volumes 14 and 15. Bryophyta. Volume 16. Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. Volumes 17 to 19. . Monocotyledones. Volumes 20 to 34. Dicotyledones. The preparation of the work has been referred to a committee consist- ing of Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr. H. W. Rickett, and Dr. Fred J. Seaver. Professor William Trelease, of the University of Illinois, and Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States National Herbarium, have con- sented to act as an advisory committee. Each author will be wholly responsible for his own contributions, being restricted only by the general style adopted for the work, which must vary somewhat in the treatment of diverse groups. NorrH AMERICAN FLorA is published in parts of variable size; it is ex- pected that four or more parts will be required for each volume. The sub- scription price for all parts published prior to 1936 is fixed at $1.50 for each part; for later parts it is approximately two cents per page. A limited number of separate parts will be sold at an advance of a third above the subscription price. THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN NEW YORK 53, N. Y. oP eRe a ¥ Order UMBELLALES By Haroitp WILLIAM RICKETT Trees, shrubs, and annual and perennial herbs, sometimes acaulescent. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite or basal, simple or more commonly compound, often several times divided; petioles with or without stipules, often sheathing. Inflorescence umbellate or capitate, sometimes simple, more com- monly the umbels or heads disposed in umbels, racemes, panicles, or interrupted spikes. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, less often polygamous or dioecious, actinomorphic, small. Perianth borne on a more or less elongate hypanthium (calyx-tube). Calyx small, sometimes obsolete. Petals free. Stamens usually as many as the petals and alternate with them, inserted on an epigynous disc. Ovary inferior, with 2 (rarely 1) or more locules; styles as many as the locules, free or connate, often thickened proximally into a stylopodium. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a berry, drupe, or schizocarp. Seeds containing a small embryo in copious endosperm. Petioles usually stipulate, not sheathing; ovary (in our species) 2—12- locular; fruit a berry or drupe; mostly shrubs and trees. Family 1. ARALIACEAE. Petioles sheathing, estipulate; ovary bilocular; fruit a schizocarp, split- ting into 2 grooved mericarps; mostly herbs. Family 2. UMBELLIFERAE. Family 1. ARALIACEAE By ALBERT C. SMITH Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent epiphytes when juvenile, rarely epiphytic at maturity. Leaves (in our species) alternate, simple or pinnately or ternately compound or decompound or palmately com- pound. Stipules adnate to the petiole, sometimes hardly distinct, sometimes connate and produced into a coriaceous ligulate sheath, sometimes none. Flowers in umbels or heads, these disposed in solitary, racemose, corymbose, paniculate, or umbellate inflorescences. Bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence small, usually deciduous. Bractlets at the base of the pedicels small, sometimes connate into an involucre. Bracteoles sometimes present on the pedicels, usually inconspicuous. Pedicels continuous with or articu- late with the calyx, sometimes swollen at the apex into minute cupules. Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous, or dioecious, actinomorphic, usually small. Calyx-tube obconic, cupuliform, or short-cylindric, adnate to the ovary, the limb erect or erecto-patent, truncate, undulate, or denticulate. Petals (in our species) 5-10, valvate or narrowly imbricate, broad at the base, deciduous at maturity, usually free, sometimes connate and calyptrate. Stamens (in our species) usually as many as the petals and alternate with them (rarely more numerous), inserted with them on a disk within the calyx- limb, the filaments filiform or ligulate, the anthers oblong or ovate or sub- globose, dorsally affixed, didymous, the locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, carnose and short-conic or annular. Ovary inferior, in our species 2—12-locular, the styles as many as the locules, sometimes distinct and at length recurved with the stigmas terminal or on the interior surfaces, some- times completely connate into a carnose column or short cone, rarely sup- pressed with the stigmas sessile on the disk. Ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex of each locule, anatropous, the raphe ventral. Fruit baccate or drupaceous, the exocarp usually carnose, the endocarp divided into distinct crustaceous, cartilaginous, or membranous pyrenes, or hardly distinct from the exocarp. Seeds solitary in pyrenes, laterally compressed, triquetrous in cross section, with copious endosperm and a small embryo near the hilum. Leaves. pinnately or ternately compound or decompound; petals narrowly imbricate in bud. Petals, stamens, locules, and styles 4-6, usually 5. 1. ARALIA. Petals 7-10; stamens 7—12; locules and styles 8-12. Pedicels continuous with the calyx; styles separate at the apex. 2. SCIADODENDRON. Pedicels articulate with the calyx; styles firmly connate to the apex. 3. MEGALOPANAX. Leaves simple or palmately compound. Herbs with fleshy rootstocks and compound leaves; umbel solitary, ter- minal; petals narrowly imbricate in bud; styles and locules 2 or 3 in hermaphrodite flowers. 4. PANAX. Shrubs or trees, the leaves simple or compound; petals valvate. Flowers in umbels, pedicellate (in heads and sessile only in Dendropanax sessiliflorus—then the flowers hermaphrodite—and some species of Sche fflera—then the petals connate, the leaves compound, the petiole conspicuously ligulate), hermaphrodite or polygamo- monoecious. 3 4 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B Styles and locules 2, rarely 3. Spiny shrubs; leaves simple, the petiole without an obvious ligule. 5. OPLOPANAX. Shrubs or trees, not spiny; leaves (in our species) compound, the petiole with an obvious but often small ligule. 6. DIDyMOPANAX. Styles and locules 5-9, usually 5. Leaves simple, the petiole without an obvious ligule; petals distinct. 7. DENDROPANAX. Leaves compound (simple only in S. epiphytica among our species), the petiole with a conspicuous coriaceous ligule; petals usually connate and calyptrate. 8. SCHEFFLERA. Flowers in heads, sessile (the staminate flowers short-pedicellate only in O. echinops), polygamo-dioecious (rarely polygamo-monoecious) ; petiole without an obvious ligule. 9. OREOPANAX. 1. ARALIA [Tournef.] L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 134. 1754. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, glabrous or variously pubescent. Leaves alternate, pinnately or ternately compound or decompound, the leaflets serrate. Stipules paired at the base of the petiole, usually inconspicuous. Umbels 2 or more per inflorescence, radiating or laxly corym- bose or in large compound racemes, the bracts and bractlets small. Pedicels articulate with the calyx, often swollen at the summit or surmounted by fused bracteoles forming a minute cup. Flowers polygamo-monoecious, 5- or 6-merous, glabrous (the calyx rarely puberulent). Calyx obconic or cupuliform, the limb short, suberect, lobed or denticulate. Petals white or greenish, narrowly imbricate in the bud, membranous, oblong, obtuse and shortly inflexed at the apex. Filaments short, the anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends. Disk carnose, small, slightly raised at the margin. Styles 4-6, connate at the base, free above, or free to the base. Ovary wall usually carnose, the locules and ovules 4-6. Fruit baccate, subglobose, sharply angled, at length carnose, surmounted by the persistent calyx-limb and styles, the seeds as many as the styles. Type species, Aralia spinosa L,. Plants scapose, the leaves and inflorescences arising from the rootstock; umbels few (2-7 per inflorescence). 1. A. nudicaulis. Plants leafy-stemmed, the leaves and inflorescences not separate to the base of the aerial portion. Umbels numerous, in large compound racemes. Shrubs or low trees; trunk, branches, and often branches of the inflores- cence spinose; leaflets often subcoriaceous, the base acute or obtuse, occasionally truncate or subcordate. 2. A. spinosa. Plants unarmed. Herbs, sometimes woody at base; larger leaflets usually cordate to truncate at base. Pedicels few (10-25 per umbel), the bractlets 1-1.5 mm. long; flowers comparatively small (petals 1—1.5, rarely to 2 mm. long, obscurely veined except for the midnerve); leaflets sub- membranous, sharply and irregularly serrate, the teeth often mucronulate. 3. A. racemosa. Pedicels numerous (20-75 per umbel), the bractlets 1.5-4 mm. long; flowers larger (petals 1.5—2 mm. long, the veins obvious) ; leaflets papyraceous, shallowly serrate. 4. A. californica. Shrubs or low trees; leaflets acute to truncate or rarely subcordate ey at base, crispate-pilose beneath. 5. A. humilis. Umbels few (2-10 per inflorescence), laxly corymbose. Herbs, often woody at base; basal portions of plant, and often the upper stems and petioles, bristly with stiff spines. 6. A. hispida. Low shrubs or Jow trees; plants not hispid-spinose. Leaflets broadly ovate, not more than twice as long as broad; calyx obconic. Leaflets crispate-pilose; umbels more than 6 per inflorescence; flowers comparatively small (petals 1.5—2 mm. long). 5. A. humilis. Leaflets glabrous; umhels not more than 6 per inflorescence; flowers : larger (petals about 3 mm. long). 7. A. scopulorum. Leaflets narrowly ovate or oblong, 2.5—4 times as long as broad, pellu- cid, the veinlets conspicuously reticulate; calyx broadly obconic, ; somewhat flattened. 8. A. Regeliana. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 5 1. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. 274. 1753. Aralia nudicaulis var. prolifera Apgar, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 166. 1887. Aralia nudicaulis var. elongata Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 374. 1893. Acaulescent perennial herb, the rootstock often long and branched; leaves glabrous or nearly so, ternate, the petiole erect, slender, terete, stramineous, up to 40 em. long or more, the primary divisions pinnately 3-5 (—7)-foliolate, petiolulate, the petiolules up to 10 (rarely to 15) cm. long, the leaflets submembranous or papyraceous, sessile or short (rarely to 2 cm.)- petiolulate, ovate or elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and 11 cm. broad but usually much smaller, unequally acute or obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, finely and acutely serrate, the basal pair sometimes bi- or trifoliolate; peduncles erect, slender, terete, stramineous, usually shorter than the petioles; umbels radiating, usually subequal, the stalks usually 3-6 (—9) cm. long; flowers 5- or 6-merous, about 25-50 per umbel, the pedicels slender, 5-17 mm. long, sometimes pilose, minutely bracteolate at the base; calyx cupuliform, at anthesis about 2 mm. long and broad, often conspicuously veined, the lobes minutely deltoid, obtuse; petals 1.5—3 mm. long, the costa obvious; filaments up to 3 mm. long, the anthers about 1 mm. long; styles 4-6, distinct to the base, often minutely cleft at the apex; fruit 3-6 mm. in diameter, at length purplish black. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to northern Alberta and central British Columbia, southward to Georgia, Colorado, and eastern Washington. ILLustTRaTIons: Meerburgh, Pl. Rar. pl. 31; Raf. Med. FI. 1: pl. 8; T. Nees, Ic. Pl. Med. pl. 68; Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: pl. 40; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 506; ed. 2. 2: 618; Peterson, Wild Fruits 222. Nore: The two varieties listed above appear fairly distinct and are very locaJ in distribution. 2. Aralia spinosa L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753. Angelica spinosa Shecut, Fl. Car. 167. 1806. Aralia Leroana K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 369. 1864. Aralia spinosa f. subinermis Moldenke, Castanea 9: 54. 1944. Tree, up to 12 m. high or more, the trunk up to 25 cm. in diameter, with the branches and branchlets armed with stout straight or incurved prickles; leaves ample, bipinnate, the petiole up to 30 cm. long or more, often armed, the rachis swollen at the nodes, often armed, the pinnae 7—13-foliolate, short-petiolulate, often subtended by a single leaflet, the leaflets papyraceous, ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 9 cm. broad but usually much smaller, short-stalked (the terminal one long-stalked), obtuse to subcordate at the base, acute to acuminate at the apex, dentate to crenate at the margins, sometimes spinose or slightly pilose on the principal nerves, paler beneath; inflorescence often longer than the leaves, the peduncle and rachis stout, some- times armed or puberulent, the secondary branches and pedicels usually pale-pilose, the bracts and bractlets lanceolate; flowers 5-merous, 15—40 per umbel, the pedicels usually 4-12 mm. long; calyx obconic, 1-1.5 mm. long, the lobes deltoid, subacute; petals 2-3 mm. long; filaments up to 4 mm. long, the anthers about 2 mm. long; styles connate at the base, free above; fruit 4-6 mm. in diameter, black. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. DISTRIBUTION: Delaware, central Pennsylvania, Illinois, Missouri, and Oklahoma, southward to Florida and eastern Texas; cultivated or escaped northward to New York and Connecticut. ILLUSTRATIONS: Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 2/1; Sarg. Man. 705; J. E. Rogers, Tree Book (facing p.)406; Britton, N. Am. Trees, 734; Britt. & Brown. Ill. Fl. 2: 506; ed. 2. 2: 617. 3. Aralia racemosa L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753. Aralia bicrenata Wooton & Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 157. 1913. Aralia arizonica Eastw. Proc. Catif. Acad. IV. 20: 148. 1931. Branched herb, up to 2 (rarely to 4) m. high, often somewhat woody below; leaves bipin- nate, the lower leaflets often again compound; petioles and rachises slender, glabrous or puberu- lent, the petioles up to 25 cm. long, the leaflets numerous, petiolulate, the petiolules slender, up to 5 em. long but usually much shorter, that of the apical leaflet longest, the blades sub- membranous, ovate, up to 23 cm. long and 16 cm. broad but usually much smaller, usually obliquely cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, sharply and irregularly serrate (often 6 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, bicrenate) at the margins (the teeth often mucronulate), essentially glabrous or puberulent, especially along the veins beneath; inflorescences often equaling the leaves in length but usually shorter, copiously branched, the branches and pedicels short-pilose, glabrescent, the bractlets lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, the pedicels 10-25 per umbel, 3-12 mm. long, often swollen at the apex into a membranous minute hirtellous cupule; flowers 5-merous, the calyx cupuliform, at anthesis about 1 mm. long and broad, the lobes deltoid, apiculate; petals 1-1.5 mm. long, the midnerve obvious, otherwise faintly veined; filaments about 1 mm. long, the anthers small; styles connate at the base, free above; fruit 2-4 mm. in diameter, the persistent stylar column about 1 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Canada. DISTRIBUTION: New Brunswick, southern Quebec, and Minnesota, southward and westward to North Carolina, Texas, Utah, Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua. ILLUSTRATIONS: Schkuhr, Handb. pl. 86; Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 69; Miller & Whiting, Wild Fl. 223; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 506; ed. 2. 2: 617; Peterson, Wild Fruits 220. 4. Aralia californica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 144. 1876. Aralia californica var. acuminata S. Wats.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 271. 1898. Branched herb, up to 3 m. in height, often somewhat woody beneath; leaves bipinnate or pinnate, the petiole and rachises stout, glabrous, the petiole up to 30 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, the petiolules less than 5 cm. long, that of the apical leaflet longest, the blades papyraceous, oblong or ovate, up to 30 cm. long and 19 cm. broad but usually much smaller, ob- liquely cordate at the base, acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, shallowly serrate (the serrations obtuse or “acute, somewhat callose), glabrous or sparsely puberulent on the nerves beneath; inflorescences ample, the branches and pedicels puberulent, glabrescent, the bractlets lanceo- late, 1.5-4 mm. long, the pedicels 20-75 per umbel, 5-20 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, the calyx cupuliform, about 1.5 mm. long at anthesis, the lobes deltoid, apiculate; petals about 2 mm. long, the venation very obvious; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers short; styles short, connate about half their length; fruit 3-5 mm. in diameter. Type Locaity: Northern California. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Oregon and California. ILLUSTRATIONS: Silva Tarouca, Freiland-Stauden f. 50; Méller’s Gartner-Zeit. 24: 343. 5. Aralia humilis Cav. Ic. 4:7. 1797. Aralia pubescens DC. Cat. Pl. Hort. Monsp. 80. 1813. Aralia scabra Presl; DC. Prodr. 4: 258, assyn. 1830. Aralia brevifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. Il. 47: 74. 1879. Aralia chilapensis Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1888. Aralia pinnata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1888. Shrub or small tree, up to 3 m. high, the branchlets brownish, terete, puberulent, glabres- cent; leaves and inflorescences at the ends of the branchlets; leaves bipinnate or pinnate, the petiole short, usually less than 10 cm. long, with the rachises puberulent, the leaflets papyra- ceous, ovate to oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, acute to truncate at the base, acumi- nate at the apex, crenate or shallowly or coarsely serrate, short crispate-pilose on both surfaces, subsessile or the petiolules up to 3 cm. long; inflorescences terminal or subterminal, the rachis stout, the branches glabrous or short-pilose, the umbels 8-30, laxly arranged, the bractlets lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, the pedicels 15—60 per umbel, slender, up to 25 mm. long, gla- brous or short-pilose; flowers 5-merous, the calyx obconic, about 1 mm. long, the lobes deltoid, acute, often callose-tipped; petals 2-3 mm. long, the venation faint; filaments up to 2 mm. » long, the anthers short; styles up to 2.5 mm. long, distinct nearly to the base; fruit 3-7 mm. in diameter, suleate when young, at length black. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. DISTRIBUTION: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to Guatemala. ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. 4: pl. 313. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 7 6. Aralia hispida Vent. Descr. Pl. Cels pl. 41. 1801. Aralia Miihlenbergiana R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 704. 1820. Plant up to 1 m. in height, the rootstock usually horizontal, stout, giving rise to short subligneous ascending stems, these densely bristly especially near the base with sharp slender spines up to 5 mm. long; leaves bipinnate, the petiole usually shorter than the blade, those of the lower leaves occasionally up to 15 cm. long, with the rachises often spinose, the leaflets oblong to ovate, up to 7 cm. long and 5 cm. broad but usually much smaller, usually obtuse at the base, acute or short acuminate at the apex, irregularly serrate, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the nerves beneath; inflorescences glabrous, terminal, the lower branches sometimes subtended by leaves, the branches few, the bracts lanceolate, up to 10 mm. long, the umbels usually 5-10, the bractlets lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long, the pedicels slender, 15—40 per umbel, up to 20 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, the calyx obconic, 1-2 mm. long, the lobes broadly deltoid, often obtuse or rounded; petals 1.5—2 mm. long; filaments 1-1.5 mm. long, the anthers small; styles about 1 mm. long or less, connate about half their length; fruit 3-5 mm. in diameter. TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, ‘‘depuis Québec jusqu’a la Baie d’Hudson.” BS eIBUTION: Newfoundland and Ontario to North Carolina, West Virginia, Ohio, and ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. pl. 1085; Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 1306; Schnizl. Ic. pl. 163; Mathews, Field Book 303; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 507; ed. 2. 2: 618; Peterson, Wild Fruits 225. 7. Aralia scopulorum Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. ZG. W889: Shrub, 1-4.5 m. high, the branchlets terete, gnarled, cinereous, the leaves and inflores- cences at the ends of the branchlets; leaves glabrous, pinnate, up to 20 cm. long, the petiole up to 7 cm. long, the leaflets 3-7, submembranous, broadly ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad, usually truncate or subcordate at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, shallowly serrate, the teeth often callose-tipped; inflorescence terminal or subterminal, the rachis, branches, and pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulent, the umbels usually 4-6, the lateral ones often small, the bractlets lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, the pedicels usually about 30 per umbel, up to 15 mm. long, the flowers 5- or 6-merous; calyx obconic, about 1.5 mm. long, the lobes minutely deltoid-apiculate; petals about 3 mm. long; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers small; styles less than 1 mm. long, free nearly to the base; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter. TYPE LocaLity: Baja California. DISTRIBUTION: Baja California. ILLUSTRATION: Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. Il. 2: pl. 8. 8. Aralia Regeliana Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47:73. 1879. Shrub or small tree, 1-3 m. high, the branchlets stout, cinereous, glabrous, marked by crowded leaf-scars, the leaves and inflorescences at the ends of the branchlets; leaves up to 20 cm. long, usually bipinnate, the lower pinnae with few leaflets, the petiole and rachises slender, glabrous or crispate-pilose, the petiole up to 11 cm. long, the leaflets slenderly petiolu- late, the petiolules up to 2 cm. long, the blades submembranous, pellucid, narrowly ovate or oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad, unequally obtuse or rounded at the base, long- acuminate at the apex, crenate-serrate, glabrous or crispate-puberulent on both surfaces; inflorescences terminal, not leafy, about as long as the leaves, glabrous, the peduncle and branches slender, the umbels usually 5-10, the bractlets lanceolate, minute, the pedicels 20-50 per umbel, up to 2 cm. long in fruit; flowers 5-merous, the calyx broadly obconic-flattened, less than 1 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, the lobes separate, deltoid, subacute, minutely fim- briate; petals oblong-deltoid, 2.5—3 mm. long; filaments about 1.5 mm. long, subequal to the anthers; styles short, free nearly to the base; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter. TYPE LOCALITY: Tamaulipas. DISTRIBUTION: Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. 8 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 2. SCIADODENDRON Griseb. Bonplandia 6:7. 1858. Shrubs or trees, glabrous throughout. Leaves apparently exstipulate, ample, usually tri- or quadripinnate, the petiole subterete, often hollow, swollen and somewhat sheathing at the base, the rachises swollen and somewhat jointed at the nodes, the leaflets petiolulate. Inflorescences terminal on short branchlets (or growing from old wood?), compound, the primary rachis stout, short, woody, the secondary rachises few, straight, woody, the peduncles straight, slender, crowded toward the apex or in 2 or 3 more or less definite whorls, the pedicels continuous with the calyx. Calyx carnose, obconic or cupuliform, the margin membranous, subentire or undulate or obscurely 4~-7-dentate. Petals 9 or 10, narrowly imbricate, often coherent and falling together. Stamens 9-12, sharply inflexed in the bud. Styles 9-12, connate below, forming a stout carnose column, separate above, the stigmas distinct, obliquely truncate, arranged in a ring on the stylar column. Ovary thick-walled, the locules 9-12. Fruit subglobose, conspicuously costate. Type species, Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb. 1. Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb. Bonplandia 6:7. 1858. Reynoldsia americana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 49: 455. 1910. Shrub or tree, up to 20 m. high, the trunk straight, up to 60 cm. in diameter, the bark corky, the branches few, the foliage and inflorescences forming an apical crown, the flowers usually maturing after the leaves have fallen; leaves up to 2 m. long, the petiole up to 60 cm. long, stout (up to 1 cm. in diameter), the leaflets thin, ovate to elliptic, 5—8 (rarely to 15 when juvenile) cm. long, 2-4.5 (rarely to 7) cm. broad, acute to truncate at the base, long-acuminate at the apex, mucronate-serrulate, the petiolules up to 7 mm. long (those of the apical leaflet longer), the principal veins somewhat raised on both surfaces, the lateral veins few, arcuate- ascending, the veinlets copiously reticulate; inflorescences with the secondary rachises 2—8 cm. long, the peduncles 4-10 cm. long, each subtended by a few subcoriaceous ovate-orbicular bracts up to 5 mm. long, the bractlets subcoriaceous, minute, ovate; pedicels 15—25 per umbel, 4-10 mm. long; calyx at anthesis about 2 mm. long and 3-4 mm. in diameter; petals thin- carnose, white, oblong, about 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, sharply inflexed at the apex; filaments carnose, 3-4 mm. long, tapering distally, the anthers oblong, 2-3 mm. long, less than 1 mm. broad, obtuse at both ends; fruit 6-7 mm. in diameter, the apex flattened, the short calyx-limb and stylar column persistent. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama. : DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and southward; also in Haiti and northern Colombia; at low elevations. ILLUSTRATION: Jour. Bot. 5: pl. 71. 3. MEGALOPANAX Ekman; Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9:122. 1924, Trees, essentially glabrous throughout. Leaves ample, usually tripinnate, the petiole subterete, swollen at the base, the rachises swollen and somewhat jointed at the nodes, the leaflets short-petiolulate. Inflorescences large, compound, the primary rays several from the apices of short stout branchlets, straight, woody, rugose, lenticellate, the peduncles woody, straight, crowded at the apex or in 2 or 3 whorls, the pedicels very numerous, distinctly articu- late with the calyx. Calyx carnose, obconic, the limb membranous, 4-7-dentate. Petals 7-10, narrowly imbricate, often coherent. Stamens 7-10, sharply inflexed in the bud. Styles about 8, firmly connate in a stout carnose column, the stigmas forming inconspicuous pro- tuberances on the apex of the stylar column. Ovary thick-walled, the locules about 8. Fruit depressed-subglobose, costate, small, the stylar column persistent. Type species, Megalopanax rex Ekman. 1. Megalopanax rex Ekman; Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 122. 1924. High tree, the bark sulcate, resiniferous; leaves up to 1 m. long, the petiole slender (3-5 mm. in diameter), up to 20 cm. long or more, the leaflets submembranous, ovate to oblong, Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 9 4-8 em. long, 2-5 em. broad, obtuse, rotund, or subcordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire or slightly undulate at the margins, the petiolules 2-8 mm. long, the principal veins raised on both surfaces, the veinlets copiously reticulate, obvious beneath; primary rays of the inflorescence up to 15 cm. long and 8 mm. in diameter, the peduncles 7-14 cm. long, distally swollen, subtended by small coriaceous ovate deciduous bracts, the bractlets very numerous, small, subcoriaceous, deltoid, acute, associated with small crispate branched hairs; pedicels 100 or more per umbel, slender, 9-15 mm. long; calyx at anthesis about 1.5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. in diameter; petals pale green, thin-carnose, oblong, about 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, the apex sharply incurved; filaments carnose, 3-5 mm. long, tapering distally, the anthers oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse at both ends; stylar column less than 1 mm. long. Tyre Locatity: Cuba. , DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, apparently limited to Havana. 4. PANAX L. Sp. Pl. 1058. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 481. 1754.* Ginsen Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 102. 1763. Ginseng Wood, Bot. & Fl. 142. 1870. Glabrous herbs, the leaves and inflorescences spreading or ascending from the summit of the stem. Rootstock fleshy. Stem erect or suberect. Leaves palmately compound. Umbel solitary, terminal, simple. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, the pedicels articulate with the calyx (continuous in staminate flowers). Calyx cupuliform, campanulate, or obconic, the limb short, membranous, erect, 5-denticulate. Petals 5, narrowly imbricate and often coherent. Stamens 5, inflexed in the bud. Styles 2 or 3 (often 1 in staminate flowers), distinct to the base. Disk carnose, annular. Ovary-wall thin, the locules 2 or 3. Fruit ovoid or laterally flattened, the calyx-limb and styles long-persistent, the seeds 2 or 3. Type species, Panax quinquefolius L. Plant usually more than 20 cm. high; rootstock fusiform; leaflets petiolulate, large (more than 3 cm. broad), acuminate; styles 2; seeds 2. 1. P. quinquefolius. Plant usually less than 20 cm. high; rootstock ‘subglobose; leaflets sessile, small (less than 1.5 cm. broad), obtuse; styles 3; seeds 3. 2. P. trifolius. 1. Panax quinquefolius L. Sp. Pl. 1058. 1753. Panax quinquefolium var. americanum Raf. Med. Fl. 2:52. 1830. Panax quinquefolium var. cuneatum Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 52, assyn. 1830 Panax quinquefolium var. obovatum Raf. Med. Fl. 2:52. 1830. Panax obovatum Raf. Herb. Raf. 68. 1833. (Nomen nudum.) Panax cuneatum Raf. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 6: 286. 1834. Panax americanum Raf. New Fl. 4: 58. 1838. Panax americanum var. obovatum Raf. New Fl. 4: 58. 1838. Panax americanum var. elatum Raf. New Fl. 4:58. 1838. Aralia quinquefolia Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 105. 1854. Ginseng quinquefolium Wood, Bot. & Fl. 142. 1870. Herb, up to | m. high or more; rootstock fusiform, up to 2 cm. in diameter; stem straight, slender, subterete, often striate; leaves 3 or 4, 5 (3-7)-foliolate, the petiole slender, up to 10 (rarely to 15) cm. long, the leaflets thin, elliptic to obovate, up to 16 cm. long and 8.5 cm. broad (the basal ones smaller, often ovate), acute to rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex, conspicuously and often doubly serrate, the teeth deltoid, acute, the petiolules up to 4.5 em. long, the principal veins slightly raised on both surfaces, the lateral veins 5—9, ascend- ing; peduncle slender, straight, up to 10 (rarely to 30) cm. long, the bractlets deltoid to lanceo- late, acute, 2-5 mm. long; pedicels 15-40 per umbel, up to 12 mm. long, swollen distally; calyx * Although Panax was used as neuter by Linnaeus, it is classically masculine, and therefore, according to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature (ed. 3. Art. 72 [2]. 1935), Panax and all modern compounds ending in -panax should be treated as masculine. This is one of the illustrations cited in the Rules. Harms, in his treatment of the family in Die Natiirlichen Pflanzen- familien, consistently used the masculine form for all the compounds based on Panax, but he has not always been followed. Throughout the present treatment all such compounds are treated as masculine, and the gender of accepted specific epithets is corrected where necessary; epithets cited in synonymy, however, are spelled as proposed by their authors. 10 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, carnose, cupuliform, at anthesis about 2 mm. long and in diameter, the lobes deltoid, acute, about 0.5 mm. long; petals greenish-white, membranous, slightly granular-papillose distally, oblong, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, subacute and slightly incurved at the apex; filaments carnose, narrowed distally, 1-1.5 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 1 mm. long, obtuse at both ends; summit of the ovary flattened or concave, the styles 2, carnose, slightly curved, 1—-1.5 mm. long; locules 2; fruit laterally flattened, transversely oblong, up to 7 mm. long and 10 mm. broad, longitudinally sulcate, the wall at length dry, the seeds 2, oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Ad sinum Dellawar Pennsilvaniae,’’ Gronovius. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Quebec to Minnesota, southward to Georgia and Oklahoma. ILLUSTRATIONS: Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 860; Bot. Mag. pl. 1333; W. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. pl. 45; T. Nees, Ic. Pl. Med. pl. 69A; Millsp., Am. Med. Pl. pl. 70 (as Aralia quinquefolia); Kew Bull. 1893: 75 (as Aralia quinquefolia); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 507; ed. 2. 2: 618; Mathews, Field Book 305. 2. Panax trifolius L. Sp. Pl. 1059. 1753. Panax pusilla Sims, Bot. Mag. pl. 1334. 1810. Aralia triphylla Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 1: 418. 1811. Panax lanceolatum Raf. Herb. Raf. 68. 1833 (nomen nudum); New Fl. 4:57. 1838. Aralia trifolia Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 105. 1854. Ginseng trifolium Wood, Bot. & Fl. 142. 1870. Herb, up to 20 (rarely to 30) cm. high; rootstock subglobose, up to 2 cm. in diameter; stem slender, subterete, often striate; leaves 3, 3-5-foliolate, the petiole up to 4 cm. long, the leaflets sessile (or the apical one short-petiolulate), thin, oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad (the basal ones smaller), acute to obtuse at the base and the apex, often doubly serrate, the teeth deltoid, acute, the costa slightly raised on both surfaces, the lateral veins few, ascending; peduncle slender, up to 8 cm. long, the bractlets lanceolate, about 2 mm. long; pedicels slender, 15-40 per umbel, up to 6 mm. long, slightly swollen distally; flowers polygamo-dioecious; in hermaphrodite flowers: calyx campanulate, at anthesis about 2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, often contracted at the middle, 10-veined; petals white, rarely pink, membranous, ovate-oblong, 1-2 mm. long, less than 1 mm. broad, obtuse, the midnerve prominent, the veinlets faintly reticulate; filaments 1-1.5 mm. long, the anthers globose- oblong, about 0.5 mm. long; styles 3, straight, about 1 mm. long, slightly swollen distally; locules 3; in staminate flowers: calyx obconic, about 1 mm. long and broad or less, incon- spicuously veined; ovary minute, sterile; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. in diameter, longitudinally trisulcate, the seeds 3, 2 mm. long or less. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia, southern Quebec, and Wisconsin, southward to Georgia and Brie yohaiwions: Bot. Mag. pl. 1334 (as Panax pusilla); Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 405; T. Nees, Ic. Pl. Med. pl. 69B; Iles, Wild Fl. Am. pl. 110 (as Aralia trifolia); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 507; ed. 2. 2: 619; House, Wild Fl. N. Y. pl. 132. 5. OPLOPANAX Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 16. 1863. Panax Sect. Oplopanax T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 648. 1840. Echinopanax Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 105. 1854. (Nomen nudum.) Spiny shrubs. Leaves simple, the petiole subterete, swollen at the base, the blade ample, lobed, serrate, palmate-nerved. Inflorescences terminal, racemosely umbelliferous, the rachis stout, straight, the pedicels continuous with the calyx. Calyx carnose, cupuliform, the limb very short and obscurely 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, valvate. Stamens 5, sharply inflexed inthe bud. Disk carnose, flattened. Styles 2, separate to the base, tapering distally. Ovary thick-walled, the locules 2. Fruit orbicular, laterally flattened, sulcate, the styles long- persistent, the seeds oblong. Type species, Panax horridum Smith. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 11 1. Oplopanax horridus (Smith) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 16, excl. pl. Jap. 1863. Panax horridum Smith in Rees, Cycl. 26: Panax, no. 10. 1813. Aralia erinacea Hook.; Scouler, Edinb. Jour. Sci. 6: 64. 1827. Aralia occidentalis Schlecht.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 375, assyn. 1844. Ricinophyllum americanum Pall.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 375, as syn. 1844. Echinopanax horridum Cooper, Pacif. R. R. Rep. 12%: 31, 63. 1860. (Nomen nudum.) Horsfieldia horrida Seem. Jour. Bot. 5: 237. 1867. Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 273. 1876. Ricinophyllum horridum Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 61:45. 1916. Shrub, 1-3 m. high, the stems, petioles, and rachises densely spinose (the spines spreading, stiff, slender, up to 1 cm. long or more), often pale-villose, the leaves and inflorescences near the apices of stout brownish or stramineous branchlets; petioles stout, up to 30 cm. long, the leaf-blades papyraceous, deeply or shallowly 5- or 7-lobed, up to 35 cm. long and 40 cm. broad, deeply cordate at the base, acuminate or cuspidate at the apices of the lobes, conspicuously and irregularly serrate, the teeth acute, mucronulate, the principal nerves usually 7, prominent, usually spinose beneath, the secondary nerves numerous, spreading, the veinlets finely reticu- late; inflorescence somewhat shorter than the leaves, the peduncles numerous, spreading, often villose, the basal ones up to 5 cm. long, those toward the apex shorter or lacking, each sub- tended by a papyraceous oblong fimbriate bract about 1 cm. long; umbels compact, 10-30- “flowered, frequently not perfect, the pedicel short and villose at anthesis, in fruit glabrescent and up to 8 mm. long; calyx about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter at anthesis; petals submembranous, acute, 2-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, n.inutely granular-papillose distally; filaments filiform, at length about 4 mm. long, narrowed distally; anthers globose-oblong, about 1 mm. in diameter; styles subcarnose, 1-3 mm. long, incurved at the tip in the bud; fruit up to 7 mm. in diameter. Type LocaLity: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Alaska and Winnipeg to Oregon, Idaho, and Montana; also on Isle Royale, Michigan. ILLUSTRATIONS: Brown & Schaffer, Alp. Fl. Can. 200; Bot. Mag. pl. 8572; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 619. 6. DIDYMOPANAX Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3:109. 1854. Shrubs or trees, glabrous or variously pubescent. Leaves simple or palmately compound (compound in our species), the petioles dilated at base into a coriaceous ligulate sheath, the leaflets usually radiate. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, compound-paniculate or compound- umbellate, the branchlets subtended by coriaceous bracts, the umbels numerous, racemosely or umbellately arranged. Pedicels subtended by minute bractlets, continuous with the calyx. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Calyx obconic or cupuliform, the limb short, denticulate. Petals valvate, usually thin-carnose and greenish-white or brownish, acute at the apex, thick- ened and slightly cucullate distally. Stamens inflexed in the bud, the anthers with loosely coherent or separate locules. Disk carnose, raised and undulate at the margin. Styles 2 (rarely 3), carnose, distinct to the base or partially connate. Ovary thick-walled, the locules and ovules 2 (rarely 3). Fruit laterally compressed, longitudinally bisulcate, surmounted by the persistent calyx-limb and stylar column or recurved styles, the seeds 2 (rarely 3). Type species, Panax Morototoni Aubl. Blades of the leaflets more than 3 times as long as the petiolules, oblong, more than twice as long as broad. Petiolules more than 1 cm. long, the blades of the leaflets truncate to acute at the base, acuminate at the apex; umbels spaced on the rachises. Mature leaflets beneath and inflorescences canescent- or ferruginous- sericeous; leaflets numerous (usually 10-12). 1. D. Morototoni. Mature leaflets and inflorescences glabrous; leaflets 3-5. 2. D. Urbanianus. Petiolules up to 1 cm. long, the blades of the leaflets attenuate at the base, rounded or emarginate at the apex; umbels arranged in terminal clusters. 3. D. Gleasonii. Blades of the leaflets about twice as long as the petiolules, broadly ovate, less than twice as long as broad. Branches of the inflorescence compound-umbellate, the ultimate umbels clustered at the ends of the peduncles; styles free nearly to the base, recurved in fruit. 4. D. tremulus. 12 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, Inflorescence compound-paniculate, the umbels racemosely arranged; styles connate nearly to the apex. Leaflets 4-6; petioles comparatively slender, the ligule 2-4 mm. long; bracts of the inflorescence minute, less than 2 mm. long. 5. D. attenuatus. Leaflets 5-9; petioles stout, the ligule 15-30 mm. long; bracts of the inflorescence conspicuous, 3-16 mm. long. 6. D. Pittieri. 1. Didymopanax Morototoni (Aubl.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 109. 1854. Panax Morototoni Aubl. Pl. Guian. 949. 1775. Aralia micans Humb. & Bonpl.; R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 701. 1820. Panax speciosum sensu Eggers, Fl. St. Croix 59. 1879; not P. speciosum Willd. Didymopanax micans Krug & Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 204. 1899. Slender tree, up to 15 m. high, the foliage and inflorescences often clustered at the summit of the slender trunk; petioles glabrous, stout (often 1 cm. in diameter), up to 1 m. in length, the ligule up to 1 cm. long; leaflets usually 10-12, the petiolules straight, up to 14 em. long, terete, glabrous, the blades coriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, up to 45 cm. long and 19 em. broad (usually about 25 X 8 cm.), often rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire or slightly undulate at the margins, glabrous above, densely and minutely canescent-sericeous beneath, the costa and numerous lateral nerves often prominent; (juvenile leaflet-blades papyraceous, conspicuously mucronate-serrate, hispid-pilose above, sparsely sericeous be- neath;) inflorescences at the apices of branchlets, up to 50 cm. or more in length, compound- paniculate, densely canescent-sericeous throughout (or glabrescent in fruit), the branchlets stout, spreading, the bracts oblong, up to 5 mm. long, the umbels racemosely arranged, the peduncles 10-15 mm. long, the pedicels 7-15 per umbel, 2-5 mm. long; calyx coriaceous, cupuliform, at anthesis 1-1.5 mm. long and in diameter, the teeth callose-tipped, the sinuses flattened; bud subglobose, the petals oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous within, the midnerve obvious; filaments short, the anthers subglobose or oblong, 1—-1.5 mm. long, apiculate at the apex; summit of the ovary flattened, sparsely pilose; styles distinct to the base, 0.5-1 mm. long; fruit coriaceous, transversely oblong, 4-6 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, canescent-sericeous or glabrous, the styles about 1.5 mm. long, recurved, the seeds oblong, flattened. TYPE LOCALITY: Guiana. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca, Guatemala, British Honduras, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and southward; also in South America. ILLUSTRATION: Aubl. Pl. Guian. pl. 360 (as Panax undulata). 2. Didymopanax Urbanianus Marchal, Bot. Jahrb. 15: 326;, 1892: Large tree, up to 20 m. high or more, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, brownish, rugose; petioles 10-20 cm. long, the sheath about 2 cm. broad, the ligule inconspicuous, not more than 3 mm. long; leaflets 3-5, the petiolules 1-4.5 cm. long, the blades coriaceous, elliptic or oblong, 10-20 em. long, 4-10 cm. broad, cuneate or rounded at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, thickened and slightly undulate at the margins, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves spreading, slightly raised or plane; inflorescences lateral or terminal, up to 12 cm. long, branched from the base, the branches racemosely or paniculately umbelliferous, the bracts minute, the pedicels 4-10 per umbel, 1-3 mm. long; calyx cupuliform; filaments elongate; styles connate into a carnose column, free at the apices; summit of the ovary somewhat flat- tened; fruit coriaceous, subglobose, about 3 mm. long, surmounted by the stylar column (less than 1 mm. long), the styles free only at the-apices, the seeds 2. TYPE LOCALITY: Martinique. DISTRIBUTION: Martinique. 3. Didymopanax Gleasonii Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico 6: 365. 1926. Leafy shrub up to 2 m. high, glabrous throughout at maturity except the flowers, the branchlets brownish, rugose; petioles 6-12 cm. long, slightly dilated at the base, the ligule Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 13 coriaceous, about 2 mm. long; leaflets 3-7, the petiolules 5-10 mm. long, narrowly winged above, the blades coriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 1.2-2.5 cm. broad, attenuate at the base, rounded or emarginate at the apex, slightly recurved at the margins, the costa prominent on both surfaces, the lateral nerves obscure; inflorescences axillary or clustered at the apices of branchlets, compound-umbellate, the primary peduncle 5-12 cm. long, the branches spreading, up to 5 cm. long, the bracts inconspicuous, the pedicels 10-15 per umbel, at anthesis up to 3 mm. long and minutely canescent-sericeous, at length about 10 mm. long and glabrescent; calyx coriaceous, obconic, 1—1.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, minutely canescent-sericeous, the teeth deltoid, callose-tipped, minutely fimbriate; bud conic, 5-ribbed, the petals deltoid, 1-1.5 mm. long and broad, minutely sericeous or glabrous without; filaments filiform, tapering distally, about 1 mm. long, the anthers deltoid-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, the locules separate; summit of the ovary flattened, the styles about 1 mm. long, free distally; mature fruit black, canescent-sericeous or glabrous, flattened-subglobose, 6-8 mm. long and broad, the stylar column 1—2 mm. long, the styles separate and recurved about half their length. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico, at about 1300 m. 4. Didymopanax tremulus Krug & Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 206. 1899. Tree, up to 20 m. high, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, terete; leaves and inflorescences at the apices of branchlets; petioles terete, sitrate, 10-14 cm. long, the sheath about 15 mm. broad, the ligule 5-10 mm. long; leaflets 4 or 5, the petiolules up to 7 cm. long, often jointed at the base, the blades broadly ovate or rhombic-deltoid, 7—12 cm. long, 5—9.5 cm. broad, acute to truncate at the base, acuminate at the apex (the acumen 1-2 cm. long), entire and slightly thickened at the margins, the costa and few straight spreading lateral nerves slightly raised on both surfaces; inflorescence a lateral compound panicle, up to 15 cm. long, umbellately divided from the base, each branch proliferous-umbellate (or imperfectly so), the ultimate portions compound-umbellate, the bracts oblong, not more than 5 mm. long, the pedicels 4-10 per umbel, up to 4 mm. long; calyx obconic, about 1 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad; bud often apiculate, the petals ovate-deltoid, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, acute; filaments about 2 mm. long, the anthers oblong-deltoid, about 1 mm. long, obtuse at both ends; styles about 1 mm. long, free to the base, the summit of the ovary somewhat flattened; fruit subglobose-flattened, 3-4 mm. in diameter, the styles recurved. TYPE LocaLity: Santo Domingo. DISTRIBUTION: Santo Domingo and Haiti, 400-1700 m. 5. Didymopanax attenuatus (Sw.) Marchal in Mart. FI. Bras. 111: 234. 1878. Panax attenuata Sw. Prodr. 54. 1788. Panax caribaea Sieber; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 207, assyn. 1899. Small tree, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, terete; leaves and inflorescences at the apices of branchlets; petioles terete, 10-25 cm. long, the sheath 10-15 mm. broad, the ligule 2-4 mm. long; leaflets 4-6, the petiolules 3-8 cm. long, somewhat jointed at the base, the blades often thin-coriaceous, broadly ovate or deltoid, 7-16 cm. long, 4-11 cm. broad, acute to truncate at the base, caudate-acuminate at the apex (the acumen very slender, 1-5 cm. long), thickened and slightly undulate at the margins, the costa often prominent, the secondary nerves spreading, slightly raised on both surfaces; inflorescence compound-paniculate, terminal or subterminal, up to 20 cm. long, divided and spreading from the base, the secondary branches few, often again branched, the ultimate umbels racemosely arranged, the bracts oblong, up to 2 mm. long, the pedicels 5-12 per umbel, up to 5 mm. long; calyx obconic, about 1 mm. long and 1.5—2 mm. broad; bud often apiculate, the petals ovate-deltoid,.1.5-2 mm. long, 1—1.3 mm. broad; filaments at length to 1.5 mm. long, the anthers oblong-deltoid, about 1 mm. long, obtuse at both ends; styles 2, rarely 3, connate into a short carnose conic column, some- 14 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 28p, what free at the apex; locules 2, rarely 3; fruit subglobose-flattened (rarely trigonous), 2-4 mm. in diameter, the wall thin, dry, the seeds 2, rarely 3. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: West Indies. DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Antilles, St. Kitt’s to Grenada, up to 1500 m. 6. Didymopanax Pittieri Marchal; Durand & Pittier, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30': 280. 1891. Tree, up to 20 m. high, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, terete; leaves and inflorescences at the apices of branchlets; petioles terete, often striate, 10-35 cm. long, the sheath 10-20 mm. broad, the ligule 15-30 mm. long; leaflets 5—9, the petiolules slender, up to 10cm. long, somewhat swollen and jointed at the base, the blades thin-coriaceous, broadly ovate, 7-14 cm. long, 5-9 cm. broad, obtuse to rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex (the acumen 1-3 cm. long), thickened and slightly undulate at the margins, the costa often promi- nent, the secondary nerves spreading, slightly raised on both surfaces; inflorescence paniculate, the rachis stout, often short, the branches few, straight, spreading, up to 35 cm. long, each subtended by an oblong bract 1-2 cm. long; umbels racemosely arranged, the peduncles straight, 15-30 mm. long, subtended by oblong bracts 3-16 mm. long, the pedicels 7—20 per umbel, up to 6 mm. long; calyx soft-carnose, obconic, at anthesis about 1 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the teeth callose-apiculate, the sinuses flattened; buds apiculate, the petals deltoid- ovate, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, calyptrate; filaments very short, the anthers oblong-globose, less than 1 mm. long; stylar column carnose, short-conic, the styles 2 or 3; fruit coriaceous, subglobose, 2.5—4 mm. in diameter, the styles united nearly to the apex, the stigmas minutely divaricate, the ovary-wall hard, the seeds 2 or 3. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, 1500-2500 m. 7. DENDROPANAX Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 32107. 1854. Gilibertia R. & P. Fl. Per. Prodr. 50. 1794. Not Gilibertia J. F. Gmel. 1791. Wangenheimia Dietr. Lex. 10: 536. 1810. Not Wangenheimia Moench, 1794. Ginannia Dietr. Lex. Nachtr. 3: 483. 1817. Not Ginannia Scop. 1777. Gilibertia subgen. Melopanax Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. Il. 47: 77. 1879. Shrubs or trees, our species glabrous throughout. Leaves simple, the juvenile blades occasionally lobed, the mature blades usually entire. Inflorescence consisting of a single terminal or axillary umbel or of 2—20 umbels (or very rarely heads) racemosely or umbellately arranged, the peduncles subtended by small bracts, sometimes bracteate and articulate above the base, swollen distally into an often carnose receptacle. Flowers hermaphrodite or polyg- amo-monoecious, 5—9-merous. Pedicels continuous with the calyx. Calyx obconic or cupuli- form, the limb short, usually denticulate. Petals valvate, usually carnose and greenish-white, subacute and slightly cucullate at the apex. Stamens as many as the petals, inflexed in the bud, the anthers with loosely coherent locules. Disk carnose, short-conic, confluent with the styles. Styles connate in a short column or cone or essentially free. Ovary thick-walled, the locules and ovules 5-9. Fruit subglobose or ellipsoid, sulcate, surmounted by the per- sistent short calyx-limb and stylar column or styles, the seeds usually as many as the locules. Type species, Aralia arborea L. The question of Dendropanax vs. Gilibertia has been discussed by the writer (Trop. Woods 66: 1-3. 1941) and the conclusion reached that it is unnecessary to propose Gilibertia R. & P. for conservation, Umbels 3-20 per inflorescence, racemosely or umbellately arranged. Inflorescence slender, divaricate, the peduncles (3-) 5-7 cm. long, the pedicels (6—) 10-20 mm. long; Mexico and Guatemala. Leaves ovate-deltoid, rounded to a truncate base; peduncles bracteate and articulate 10-15 mm. below the apex; flowers 15—20 per umbel, ; consistently 6-merous, the styles free and spreading in fruit. 1. D. populifolius. Leaves oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or cuneate at the base; peduncles bracteate and articulate below the middle or not at all; Howers 5-10 (rarely to 20) per umbel, usually 5-merous, the styles free only at the apex. 2. D. leptopodus. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE Inflorescence comparatively compact, the peduncles 1—5 (rarely to 7) cm. long, the pedicels up to 8 (rarely to 12, in fruit) mm. long. Mature leaf-blades entire or undulate or remotely crenate-denticulate or serrate at the margins; rachis 1-10 cm. long; calyx not broader than long. Inflorescence usually terminal; peduncles striate or smooth, without horizontal fissures, not (or rarely) jointed, the bracts (if pres- ent) rarely connate. Leaf-blades entire or undulate or remotely crenate at the mar- gins, obtusely acuminate or cuspidate at the apex (the acumen rarely slender and then scarcely exceeding 15 mm. in length); widespread and variable species. Leaf-blades remotely serrate at the margins with linear teeth 1-4 mm. long, very slenderly acuminate at the apex (the acumen 15-25 mm. long); Panama. Inflorescence terminal or lateral; peduncles rugose, often marked with short transverse fissures, uniformly articulate, often geniculate, the bracts usually connate into a small coriaceous cupule. Flowers 5-merous, 10-50 per umbel. Leaf-blades coriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong; umbels 5-11 per inflorescence; rachis 0.5-1.5 cm. long; Puerto Rico. Leaf-blades chartaceous or thin-coriaceous, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic; umbels 10-16 per inflorescence, the rachis 2—5.5 cm. long; Costa Rica and western Panama. Flowers pedicellate; bracts of the peduncles about 1 mm. long; leaf-blades entire or undulate at the margins. Flowers sessile; bracts of the peduncles 3-4 mm. long; leaf-blades undulate-crenate at the margins. Flowers 7-9-merous, 8-15 per umbel; Guatemala. Mature leaf-blades entire or deeply 3-lobed, irregularly sinuate-serrate at the margins, the teeth obtuse, often conspicuous; primary peduncle stout, 5-13 mm. long; calyx flattened, somewhat broader than long; Costa Rica and western Panama. Umbel | per inflorescence (rarely with one or two smaller inconspicuous sec- ondary umbels). Flowers tess than 35 per umbel. Calyx at anthesis less than 3 mm. long; petals Jess than 4 mm. long; fruit less than 8 mm. long. Peduncle 0.5-2.5 em. long. Leaves acuminate at the apex; peduncle 5-18 mm. long, brac- teate only at the base; Costa Rica and western Panama. Leaves obtuse or subacute at the apex; peduncle 15-25 mm. long, bracteate slightly above the base; British Honduras. Peduncle at least 3 cm. long. Pedicels filiform, 25-35 mm. long or more; Panama. Pedicels not more than 25 mm. long, usually much shorter. Leaves conspicuously and densely pellucid-punctate, the glands prominulous on both surfaces; Cuba: Santa Clara and westward. ° Leaves obscurely pellucid-punctate or epunctate. Styles free distally, connate only toward the base (at least soon after anthesis). Veinlets and secondary nerves conspicuously preminu- lous on both leaf-surfaces; Cuba: Oriente. Veinlets immersed at least beneath, the secondary nerves scarcely or slightly raised. Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, acute and callose- mucronate at the apex, the secondary nerves about 10 per side; Jamaica. Leaf-blades papyraceous, acuminate at the apex, the secondary nerves 4-6 per side; southern Mexico and Guatemala. Styles, even in fruit, connate to the apex; Jamaica. Calyx at anthesis 6-8 mm. long; petals 7-8 mm. long; fruit 10-12 mm. long; Jamaica. Flowers more than 40 per umbel (fruits sometimes slightly fewer). Leaves (of mature plants) usually 3-lobed, 3- or 5-plinerved, conspicu- ously punctate; Haiti. Leaves entire, pinnately veined, obscurely punctate or epunctate; Jamaica. Peduncle pendulous, 25-35 cm. long or more, conspicuously brac- teate and articulate 5-15 cm. above the base. Peduncle rarely to 23 cm. long, usually much shorter, bracteate and articulate within 5 cm. of the base or not at all. Leaves acute to attenuate at the base. Peduncle 3-11 cm. long, articulate (if at all) less than 12 mm. above the base; leaves broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic. 10. TE 12. 13. 14. 18. 19. 15 . D. arboreus. . D. stenodontus. . D. laurifolius. . D. gonatopodus. . Sesstliflorus. . oliganthus. Sb . D. praestans. D. querceti. S . Schippii. D. darienensis. D. cuneifolius. D. nervosus. . D. filipes. . leptopodus. . Blakeanus. sis} . D. grandiflorus. D. selleanus. D. pendulus. . D. nutans 16 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA rl [VoLUME 288, Peduncle 10-23 cm. long, articulate 15-30 mm. above the base; leaves lanceolate to narrowly elliptic. 21. D. Swartz. Leaves obtuse to subcordate at the base. Peduncle articulate very near the base or not at all; leaves ovate or broadly elliptic, about twice as long as broad. Leaf-blades rounded at the base, decurrent on the petiole; peduncle about 4 cm. long. 22. D. grandis. Leaf-blades cordate or rounded at the base, not decurrent on the petiole; peduncle 12-16 cm. long. 23. D. cordifolius. Peduncle articulate 1.5—5 em. above the base; leaves oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, about 3 times as long as broad. 24. D. elongatus. 1. Dendropanax populifolius (Marchal) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. Gilibertia populifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47: 77. 1879. Slender tree, the branchlets rugose; petioles slender, striate, up to 13 cm. long, swollen’ at the base and the apex; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, ovate-deltoid, 10-15 cm. long, 5.5—9 cm. broad, rounded to a truncate base, abruptly acuminate at the apex, slightly undulate at the margins, 3- or 5-nerved from the base, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves about 5 per side, spreading, raised beneath; umbels arranged in a composite axillary umbellate inflorescence (according to Marchal), the peduncles slender, straight, 5-7 cm. long, conspicu- ously bracteate and articulate 10-15 mm. below the apex (the bracts coriaceous, ovate, 1-2 mm. long, connate); flowers 6-merous, 15-20 per umbel, the receptacle 5-7 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, striate, 15-20 mm. long; calyx obconic, 2-3 mm. long and in diameter; petals carnose, oblong, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; filaments carnose, short, the anthers oblong, about 2 mm. long; styles coherent into a carnose column about 2 mm. long, at length free; fruit globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter, surmounted by the persistent spreading styles, the wall often brittle, the seeds 6. TYPE Locaity: Tepitongo, Mexico. , DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 2. Dendropanax leptopodus (Donn. Smith) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. Gilibertia leptopoda Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 57: 421. 1914. Slender tree, the branchlets slender, cinereous, rugose; petioles slender, 1-6 cm. long; juvenile leaf-blades sometimes deeply 3-lobed; mature leaf-blades papyraceous, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-16 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad, acute or cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire and slightly revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 4-6 per side, slightly raised; umbels 3-10 per inflorescence (sometimes reduced to 1 or 2), arranged in a terminal raceme, the distal ones fasciculate; rachis up to 5 cm. long, the peduncles slender, divaricate, 3-7 cm. long, subtended by small deciduous bracts, sometimes articulate and slightly geniculate just below the middle; flowers 5-10 (rarely to 20) per umbel, the receptacle 2-3 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, 6-19 mm. long; flowers 5- or 6-merous, the calyx obconic, 1.3-2.5 mm. long, 1.3-2 mm. broad; petals oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; filaments short, the anthers subglobose-oblong, about 0.6 mm. in diameter; styles connate in a short carnose conic column, free distally at anthesis or soon after; young fruits ellipsoid, surmounted by the persistent stylar column (about 1 mm. long), the styles distally free and recurved. TYPE LocaLity: Guatemala. DISTRIBUTION: Chiapas and Guatemala to Honduras. 3. Dendropanax arboreus (L.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IVES OMe lS oa. Aralia arborea L.. Syst. Nat. ed. 10.967. 1759. Hedera arborea Sw. Fl. Ind. Oce. 1: 518. 1797. Hedera alaris Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 605. 1834. Dendropanax alare Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 107. 1854. Sciadophyllum Jacquini Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 306. 1860. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 17 Dendropanax Juergenseni Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 301. 186+. Sciadophyllum samydifolium Wright; Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 117. 1866. Dendropanax samydifolium Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 140. 1868. Gilibertia Langeana Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47: 79. _1879. Sciadophyllum capitatum Eggers, Vidensk. Meddel. 1889: 17. 1889. Schefflera arborea Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890. Schefflera samydifolia Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890. Gilibertia arborea Marchal, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30!: 281. 1891. Sciodaphyllum arboreum Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4:91. 1893. Aralia fruticosa Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894. Aralia tuxtlensis Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894. Gilibertia Rothschuhii Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 126. 1896. Gilibertia insularis Rose, N. Am. Fauna 14: 83. 1899. Gilibertia samydifolia Marchal; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 201. 1899. Gilibertia brachypoda Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 452. 1908. Dendropanax brachypodum R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 644. 1909. Dendropanax insulare R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 644. 1909. Gilibertia stenocarpa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz.55: 435. 1913. Gilibertia Smithiana I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 81. 1924. Gilibertia eurycarpa 1. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 82. 1924. Gilibertia alaris 1. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 82. 1924. Dendropanax Langeanum Marchal; Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1084, as syn. 1924. Gilibertia Juergenseni Standley, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1084. 1924. Dendropanax monticola Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: 316. 1927. Gilibertia concinna Standley, Trop. Woods 18: 30. 1929. Gilibertia Matudai Lundell, Phytologia 1: 372. 1940. Dendropanax Matudai A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Shrub or slender tree, up to 12 m. high, the branchlets slender, terete, often rugose; juvenile leaves long-petioled (the petioles up to 40 cm. long), the blades papyraceous, up to 45 cm. in diameter, often deeply 3- or 5-lobed, the lobes oblong or obovate, the principal nerves spreading from the base; petioles of mature leaves slender, up to 23 cm. long (averaging about 6 em.), the blades usually thin-coriaceous, ovate to elliptic or oblong or obovate-oblong, 6-28 (usually about 15) cm. long, 3-14 (usually about 7) cm. broad, obtuse to acute or cuneate at the base, usually obtusely acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, entire or undulate or remotely crenate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa usually prominent, the secondary nerves 4-8 per side, often raised on both surfaces, the veinlets reticulate, often conspicuously prominu- lous on both surfaces, sometimes obscure; umbels 5—20 per inflorescence, arranged in a ter- minal raceme, the distal ones fasciculate, appearing to form a compound umbel; rachis stout, 1-10 cm. long, the peduncles divaricate, usually straight, 1-7 cm. long, sometimes bracteate slightly below the middle (the bracts coriaceous, about 1 mm. long); flowers 3-35 (usually 20-25) per umbel, the receptacle 3-5 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, 3-8 mm. long at anthesis (up to 13 mm. in fruit); flowers 5—7-merous, the calyx 1-2 mm. long and in diameter, the teeth usually inconspicuous, sometimes deltoid; petals oblong or deltoid-oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers subglobose-oblong, less than 1 mm. long; styles connate in a very short column or cone, free only at the apex; fruit 4-8 mm. in diameter, sometimes considerably narrower, the persistent stylar column 1-2 mm. long, the styles free in the distal half, the seeds 5-7. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. _ DistrrBuTion: Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and southward; also in South America; common. ILLusTRATIONS: Plumier, Pl. Am. pl. 148 (as Aralia foliis ovatis ete.); Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. 1: pl. 51 (as Aralia arborea); Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 419 (as Gilibertia arborea). Nore: The inclusive concept expressed by the above synonymy is conservative. Discussing these entities in 1936 (Brittonia 2: 249, 250), the writer concluded that subspecific entities are not at present advisable in this species, although it is quite possible that future field study of the complex will demonstrate the existence of tendencies worth naming. The only entity described since 1936, Gitibertia Matudai, has remotely undulate-crenate leaf-blades, a character shared by several collec- tions from southern Mexico. 4. Dendropanax stenodontus (Standley) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Giliberlia stenodonta Standley, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24: 196. 1937. Shrub about 4 m. high, the branchlets slender, subterete, with elongate internodes; petioles 2-5 cm. long; leaf-blades papyraceous, oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 14—21 cm. long, 4-7 cm. broad, acute at the base, narrowed into a long slender acumen 15—25 mm. long, re- 18 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, motely serrate at the margins with spreading or ascending linear teeth 1-4 mm. long, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves 7—9 per side, nearly plane above, raised beneath, anastomosing very close to the margins, the veinlets reticulate, prominulous on both surfaces; umbels 4-6 per inflorescence, arranged in a terminal raceme, the rachis slender, 1.5—3 cm. long, the peduncles slender, straight, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, obscurely bracteate near the middle; flowers 15-25 per umbel, the receptacle small, 2-3 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, 4-5 mm. long at anthesis; flowers 5-merous, the calyx less than 1 mm. long and in diameter, with inconspicuous teeth; petals oblong or deltoid-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long and 0.8 mm. broad; filaments 1-1.5 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 0.7 mm. long; styles connate into a short conic column, scarcely free at the apex. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Canal Zone). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 5. Dendropanax laurifolius (Marchal) R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 644: 1909. Not D. laurifolius Dec. & Planch. 1854 (nomen nudum). Gilibertia laurifolia Marchal; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 203. 1899. Slender tree, 5-10 m. high, the branchlets subterete, cinereous, rugose; petioles straight, up to 12 cm. long, often swollen at the base and the apex; leaf-blades coriaceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 7—22 cm. long, 3-12 cm. broad, attenuate to broadly cuneate at the base, short-acuminate or cuspidate at the apex, entire or undulate or crenate-denticulate at the margins, 3-nerved from the base (the marginal nerves inconspicuous), the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves spreading, with the reticulate veinlets prominulous on both surfaces; umbels 5-11 per inflorescence, arranged in terminal or axillary crowded racemes; rachis very stout, 5-15 mm. long, the peduncles stout, divaricate, 10-40 mm. long, conspicu- ously bracteate, articulate, and often geniculate near the middle (the bracts coriaceous, ovate, 1-2 mm. long, connate); flowers 5-merous, 15—40 per umbel, the receptacle about 5 mm. broad, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long; calyx carnose, obconic, 1.5—2 mm. long and broad, the teeth small, broadly deltoid, apiculate, often fimbriate; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; filaments carnose, about 2 mm. long, the anthers about 1 mm. long; styles connate at the base, free above; fruits subglobose, 3-6 mm. in diameter, the stylar column about 1 mm. long, the seeds 5. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Rico. DISTRIBUTION: Puerto Rico, up to 950 m. 6. Dendropanax gonatopodus (Donn. Smith) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Gilibertia gonatopoda Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 55: 434. 1913. Slender tree, up to 13 m. high, the branchlets stout, rugose, cinereous; petioles slender, up to 12 cm. long, swollen at the base and the apex; leaf-blades chartaceous or thin-coriaceous, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 11-30 cm. long, 5-18 cm. broad, acute to rounded at the base, obtusely short-acuminate at the apex, entire or undulate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves 8-10 per side, straight, spreading, raised on both sur- faces, the veinlets reticulate, often prominulous; umbels 10-16 per inflorescence, arranged in terminal or lateral racemes; rachis stout, 2—5.5 cm. long, the peduncles stout, divaricate, 2-6 cm. long, conspicuously bracteate, articulate, and usually geniculate slightly below the middle (the bracts coriaceous, about 1 mm. long, connate); flowers 20-50 per umbel, the receptacle 4-6 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, 2-12 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, the calyx obconic, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad; petals oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; fila- ments carnose, 1-2 mm. long, the anthers subglobose-oblong, small; styles connate, free dis- tally, forming a carnose column about 0.5 mm. long; fruit coriaceous, subglobose, 3-4 mm. in diameter, the styles free and recurved in the distal half; seeds 5. TYPE LocALIty: Costa Rica. DIsTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, up to 1400 m. Parr 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 19 7. Dendropanax sessiliflorus (Standley & Smith) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. Gilibertia sessiliflora Standley & Smith, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 326. 1940. Tree, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, cinereous, rugose; petioles slender, 3-7 em. long; leaf-blades chartaceous or thin-coriaceous, broadly elliptic, 12-20 cm. long, 7-13 cm. broad, obtuse at the base, obtuse or obtusely short-acuminate at the apex, undulate-crenate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves 7—9 per side, arcuate-ascending, slightly raised on both surfaces, the veinlets faintly prominulous; flower- heads probably 10 or more per inflorescence (detached in our specimen), the rachis not seen; peduncles stout, 2.5—4 cm. long, conspicuously bracteate and articulate near the middle (the bracts coriaceous, 3-4 mm. long, connate); flowers capitate, 10-15 per head, sessile, 5 merous, subtended by papyraceous deltoid bracts about 2 mm. long, the receptacle 5-8 mm. broad; calyx obconic or short-cylindric, 2-3 mm. long and about 2 mm. in diameter, the lobes deltoid, acute, about 0.7 mm. long; petals deltoid-lanceolate, 2.5—-3 mm. long, I1-1.5 mm. broad, acute and inflexed at the apex; filaments 3 mm. long at anthesis, the anthers subglobose-oblong, about 0.7 mm. long; styles connate into a short carnose column, the stigmas more or less distinct. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Chiriquf). DISTRIBUTION: Panama (Chiriqui), about 1150 m. 8. Dendropanax oliganthus A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Gilibertia oligantha A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 251. 1936. Tall tree, the branchlets stout, terete, rugose; petioles striate, shallowly canaliculate, 1.5—-6 cm. long; leaf-blades coriaceous, oblong or narrowly obovate, 9-15 cm. long, 3—-6.5 cm. broad, acute or obtuse at the base, acute or short-acuminate or obtusely cuspidate at the apex, entire or remotely callose-denticulate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves about 7 per side, curved, with the reticulate veinlets prominulous or plane; umbels probably 3-5 per inflorescence, arranged in abbreviated axillary racemes, the rachis very short, the peduncles stout, about 1.5—2 cm. long, conspicuously bracteate, articu- late, and often geniculate 5-10 mm. from the base (the bracts coriaceous, 1-3 mm. long, con- nate); flowers 8-15 per umbel, the receptacle about 6 mm. broad, the pedicels stout, 3-7 mm. long; flowers 7—9-merous, the calyx cupuliform, 3-4 mm. long and in diameter, the teeth deltoid, short; petals oblong-deltoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; filaments short, ligulate, narrowed distally, the anthers globose-oblong, about 1 mm. long; styles connate in a carnose rounded cone; fruit coriaceous, irregularly subglobose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, the styles free and spread- ing toward the apex. TYPE Loca.ity: Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala. 9. Dendropanax praestans Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: SllGa LO27e Gilibertia praestans A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 251. 1936. Small tree, the branchlets cinereous, rugose, densely leafy at the tips; petioles of juvenile leaves 20-25 cm. long, the blades suborbicular in outline, up to 40 cm. in diameter, deeply 5—7-lobed, conspicuously serrate at the margins; petioles of mature leaves striate, 2-8 cm. long, the blades thin-coriaceous, entire or deeply 3-lobed, the lobed blades 8-15 cm. long and broad, conspicuously 3-nerved from base, the lobes narrowly oblong, 1.5—3 cm. broad, attenu- ate to the apex, irregularly sinuate, the entire blades ovate-oblong, 8-13 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, obtuse or broadly cuneate at the base, obtusely acuminate at the apex, irregularly sinuate-serrate, the teeth obtuse, frequently unequal, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves about 6 per side, raised on both surfaces; inflorescence an axillary compound umbel, the primary peduncle stout, 5-13 mm. long, the secondary peduncles 5-10, stout, straight, 13-25 20 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, mm. long, conspicuously bracteate at the base (the bracts coriaceous, ovate, 2-3 mm. long), sometimes also bearing near the base a short sheath of connate bracts, the flowers 6-15, the receptacle subglobose, about 3 mm. in diameter, the bractlets inconspicuous, the pedicels stout, 3-5 mm. long; flowers 5—7-merous, the calyx obconic, usually about 2 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, the teeth apiculate; petals deltoid-oblong, 2-3 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad; filaments carnose, 1-2 mm. long, the anthers about 1.5 mm. long; styles connate at base, forming a stout carnose column about | mm. long, free at the apex; fruit subglobose, 4-5 mm. in diameter, the styles free and recurved in the distal half. TYPE LOCALITY: Chiriqui, Panama. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, 1700-2200 m. 10. Dendropanax querceti Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 42: 297. 1906. Gilibertia querceti Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 55: 436. 1913. Small tree or shrub, 1-7 m. high, the branchlets cinereous, often rugose; petioles rugose, up to 40 (usually 5-20) mm. long; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 5-13 cm. long, 1.5—5 cm. broad, attenuate at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire or remotely callose-denticulate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa raised on both surfaces, the short secondary nerves and veinlets usually prominulous; inflorescence a simple terminal or axillary umbel, rarely accompanied by | or 2 smaller inconspicuous lateral umbels, the peduncle stout, 5-18 mm. long, the flowers 8-35, the receptacle 2—4 mm. broad, the pedicels 3-15 mm. long; flowers 5-merous; calyx obconic, about 2 mm. long and broad, the teeth small, apiculate; petals oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; filaments about 1 mm. long or more, the anthers about 1 mm. long; styles connate into a carnose column about 0.5 mm. long, truncate; fruit subglobose, 4-7 mm. in diameter, the apices of the styles at length minutely spreading; seeds 5. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, 1400-2200 m. 11. Dendropanax Schippii A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. Gilibertia Schippii A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 252. 1936. Shrub 1-2 m. high, the branchlets slender, cinereous, rugose; petioles often canaliculate, 5-25 mm. long; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, oblong or obovate-elliptic, 7-13 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, acute or narrowly cuneate at the base, obtuse or subacute and callose-mucronate at the apex, remotely callose-denticulate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent be- neath, the secondary nerves about 6 per side, with the reticulate veinlets prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle straight, 15-25 mm. long, brac- teate about 5 mm. above the base (the bracts about 3, ovate, 1-2 mm. long, separate); flowers not seen; fruits 10-20 per umbel, the receptacle about 4 mm. broad, the pedicels slender, 5—7 mm. long, the fruits coriaceous, subglobose, 4-7 mm. in diameter, 5-sulcate, surmounted by the short 5-denticulate calyx-limb and stylar column (the styles 5, connate into a column about 1 mm. long, free at the apex). TYPE LocALITy: British Honduras. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, near sea level. 12. Dendropanax darienensis Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 300. 1864. Gilibertia darienensis 1. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 82. 1924. Slender tree, the branchlets slender, cinereous, terete; petioles slender, 1-5 cm. long; leaf-blades papyraceous, oblong or obovate-oblong, 10-14 cm. long, 5—6.5 cm. broad, acute at the base, bluntly acuminate at the apex, entire and slightly revolute at the margins, pin- nately veined, the costa raised on both surfaces, the secondary nerves about 6 per side, with the veinlets slightly raised; inflorescence a simple umbel, terminal on a short branchlet, the Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 21 peduncle 3-6 cm. long, minutely bracteate at the base and inconspicuously bracteate slightly above the base, the flowers about 15 (to 30?), the receptacle about 4 mm. broad, the pedicels filiform, 25-35 (to 50?) mm. long; young fruit ovoid, about 5 mm. in diameter, surmounted by the short persistent 5-denticulate calyx-limb and short stylar column, the styles 5, sharply reflexed, free for the distal 0.8 mm. TYPE LOCALITY: Darien, Panama. : DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 13. Dendropanax cuneifolius (Wright) Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 140. 1868. Hedera cuneifolia Wright; Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 117. 1866. Schefflera cuneifolia Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 249. 1890. Gilibertia cuneifolia Marchal; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 201. 1899. Gilibertia macradenia Urban & Ekman; Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22:93. 1925. Shrub or slender tree, up to 7 m. high, the branchlets slender, terete, cinereous; juvenile leaf-blades deeply 3-lobed, up to 16 cm. long and broad, the sinuses rounded, the lobes oblong or obovate, subacute at the apex; mature leaves entire, the petiole up to 6 cm. long (frequently negligible), the blade coriaceous, usually lanceolate-obovate or cuneate-spatulate, occasionally elliptic or oblong, 5-16 cm. long, 1.5—-6 cm. broad, attenuate or acute at the base, acute to rounded and often callose-mucronate at the apex, entire and slightly revolute at the margins, conspicuously and densely pellucid-punctate (the glands prominulous on both surfaces), pin- nately veined, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 4-12 per side, spreading; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle 4-18 cm. long, usually straight, minutely bracteate at the base, rarely articulate slightly above the base, the receptacle flattened, 3-5 mm. broad, the flowers 5-merous, 15-35 per inflorescence, the pedicels 7-25 mm. long; calyx obconic, 2-3 mm. long and broad, the limb sometimes fimbriate; petals oblong, 2-3 mm. long and 1.5—2 mm. broad; filaments ligulate, up to 4 mm. long, the anthers oblong, stout, 1.5—2 mm. long; summit of the ovary flattened, the styles connate into a carnose column about 1.5 mm. long, truncate at the apex; fruit subglobose, 4-7 mm. long, the stylar column often 2-4 mm. long; seeds 5. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba. DIsTRIBUTION: Cuba, Pinar del Rio and Isle of Pines to Santa Clara, 700-1000 m. 14. Dendropanax nervosus (Urban & Ekman) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Gilibertia nervosa Urban & Ekman; Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 22:92. 1925. Slender tree, the branchlets slender, terete, rugose, cinereous; petioles striate, 0.5—8 cm. long; leaf-blades oblong or obovate-elliptic, 7-15 cm. long, 2.5—-5 cm. broad, obtuse or acute at the base, short-acuminate and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire and revolute at the margins, shining above, obscurely punctate, pinnately veined, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves about 9 per side, with the veinlets often prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescence a simple terminal or axillary umbel, the peduncle straight, 4-8 cm. long, the receptacle flattened, 3-4 mm. broad, the flowers 5-merous, 10-15 per umbel, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long; calyx obconic, about 2 mm. long and broad; petals and stamens not seen; summit of the ovary slightly convex, the styles about 1 mm. long, connate at the base, free above, recurved after anthesis. TYPE LOCALITY: Cuba, Oriente. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Oriente, about 700 m. 15. Dendropanax filipes Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 41:95 1914. Gilibertia filipes Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 422. 1926. Slender straggling shrub, up to 3 m. high, the branchlets slender, cinereous, terete; petioles slender, swollen at the base, up to 3 cm. long; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, oblong-oblanceolate, 22 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 7-12 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, obtuse or acute at the base, acute and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, obscurely pellucid-punctate, pinnately veined, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves about 10 per side; inflorescence a simple axillary or terminal umbel, the peduncle very slender, 4-10 cm. long, often cernuous, inconspicuously bracteate at the base, the receptacle often convex, 2-3 mm. broad, the pedicels filiform, 5-15 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, 10-15 per umbel, the calyx obconic, about 1.5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the limb sparsely fimbriate; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; filaments about 1 mm. long, subequal to the anthers; summit of ovary carnose, conic, surmounted by the minute free styles. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 16. Dendropanax Blakeanus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 39:4. 1912. Gilibertia Blakeana Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 422. 1926. Slender tree, about 8 m. high, the branchlets slender, cinereous, subterete; petioles slender, up to 3.5 cm. long; leaf-blades coriaceous, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 7-10 cm. long and 3-5.5 cm. broad, acute or attenuate at the base, acute and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire and revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent on both surfaces, the secondary nerves 6-8, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple umbel, usually terminal, the peduncle erect, slender, striate, 6-14 cm. long, bracteate at the base, the bracts coriaceous, deltoid, 1-2 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, 10-35 per umbel, the receptacle 5-7 mm. broad, the pedicels 10-20 mm. long; calyx obconic, about 2.5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the limb essen- tially truncate; petals oblong, 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad; filaments carnose, short, the anthers about 2 mm. long; styles connate into a carnose conic column 1.5—2 mm. long, truncate; fruit subglobose, 5-7 mm. in diameter, the stylar column persistent, 2—3 mm. long, entire to the apex. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 17. Dendropanax grandiflorus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 39535 WON2 Gilibertia grandiflora Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 422. 1926. Slender tree, 5-10 m. high, the branchlets subterete, cinereous, rugose; petioles stout, rugose, up to 25 mm. long; leaf-blades coriaceous, obovate or obovate-oblong, 8-13 cm. long, 4-7 cm. broad, attenuate or narrowly cuneate at the base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, entire and revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent on both surfaces, the secondary nerves about 10, spreading, raised; inflorescence a simple umbel (rarely with a smaller secondary umbel borne halfway along the peduncle), usually terminal, the peduncle stout, erect, 1.5—-5 cm. long, minutely bracteate at the base, conspicuously 2-bracteate just above the base; flowers 5-merous, 4-9 per umbel, the receptacle 4-5 mm. broad, the pedicels often erect, 12-20 mm. long; calyx obconic or campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, 5—7 mm. in diam- eter, the limb slightly flaring, about 1 mm. long, essentially truncate; petals oblong, 7-8 mm. long, 3—3.5 mm. broad; filaments carnose, short, the anthers oblong, about 4 mm. long; styles connate in a carnose column 4-6 mm. long; fruit coriaceous, elliptic-subglobose, 10-12 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, at about 700 m. 18. Dendropanax selleanus (Urban & Ekman) A. C. Smith, ‘Trop. Woods 66:3. 1941. Gilibertia selleana Urban & Ekman, Ark. Bot. 20A®: 32. 1926. Shrub or tree, the branchlets slender, terete; petioles slender, striate, 1-5 cm. long; leaf- blades papyraceous, sometimes subentire but usually 3-lobed, 6-10 cm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 23 acute or broadly cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex and at the apices of lobes, undulate or remotely crenate at the margins, densely and minutely (usually pellucid-) punctate, 3- or 5-plinerved from the base, the principal nerves prominent, the secondary nerves few, spread- ing, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple axillary or terminal umbel, the peduncle straight, erect, 10-15 cm. long, inconspicuously bracteate at the base, the receptacle 5-7 mm. broad, the bracteoles minute, the flowers 5-merous, 40-50 per umbel, the pedicels 10-18 mm. long; calyx cupuliform, 1.5—-2 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, the teeth apiculate; petals oblong, about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, reflexed at maturity; stamens not observed; summit of ovary short-conic, the styles connate at the base into a carnose column about 1.5 mm. long, free and recurved distally. TYPE LOCALITY: Haiti. DISTRIBUTION: Haiti, at about 1800 m. 19. Dendropanax pendulus (Sw.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. MVierss LOVES 5 4. Hedera pendula Sw. Prodr. 51. 1788. Gilibertia pendula Marchal; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 200. 1899. Gilibertia ovalifolia Fawcett & Rendie, Jour. Bot. 64: 158. 1926. Shrub or slender tree, 3-8 m. high, the branchlets slender, terete, cinereous; petioles straight, up to 11 cm. long, slightly swollen at the base and the apex; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, ovate-oblong to narrowly elliptic, up to 15 cm. long and 9 cm. broad, obtuse, rounded, or sub- cordate at the base, obtuse or cuspidate and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves about 5 per side, spreading, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle striate, 25-35 cm. long or more, cernuous, minutely bracteate at the base, conspicuously bracteate and articulate 5-15 cm. above the base (the bracts ovate, 1-2 mm. long, often connate), the receptacle 6-10 mm. broad, the flowers 5-merous, 60-120, the pedicels slender, striate, 15—20 mm. long; calyx carnose, cupuliform, about 2 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, the limb often minutely fimbriate; petals oblong, 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad; filaments carnose, up to 5 mm. long, the anthers about 2 mm. long; styles firmly connate into a carnose column 1—1.5 mm. long, truncate at the apex. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, about 400-600 m. ILLUSTRATION: Sw. Ic. Pl. Ind. Occ. pl. 9 (as Hedera pendula). 20. Dendropanax nutans (Sw.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IVer Ss lOse Sos Hedera nutans Sw. Prodr. 51. 1788. Gilibertia nutans Marchal; Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 201. 1899, Tree, 4-7 m. high, the branches drooping, the branchlets slender, cinereous, terete, rugose; petioles up to 7 cm. long; leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 6-14 cm. long, 2.5-9 cm. broad, acute to attenuate at the base, obtuse, acute, or cuspidate and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire or undulate and narrowly revolute at the margins, often pellucid-punctate, pinnately veined, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves about 6 per side, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple terminal or axillary umbel, the peduncle straight, 3-11 cm. long, inconspicuously bracteate at the base, sometimes also bracteate and articulate 12 mm. or less above the base (the bracts coriaceous, about 2 mm. long, often connate), the receptacle flattened or convex, 8-12 mm. broad, the flowers 5-merous, 50-120 per umbel, the pedicels 15-30 mm. long; calyx obconic, 2-3 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the limb undulate or denticulate; petals about 4 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad; filaments up to 5 mm. long, the anthers about 1.5 mm. long; styles connate in a stout carnose truncate column 1.5—2 mm. long; fruit coriaceous, subglobose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, the seeds 5. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, 1700-2200 m. or perhaps lower. 24 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 288, 21. Dendropanax Swartzii (Fawcett & Rendle) A. C. Smith, ‘Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. Gilibertia Swartzii Fawcett & Rendle, Jour. Bot. 64: 158. 1926. Slender tree, the branchlets slender, cinereous, terete; petioles up to 5 cm. long; leaf- blades chartaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, 2—4.5 cm. broad, attenuate at the base, short-acuminate and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire or slightly undulate at the margins, minutely and densely pellucid-punctate, pinnately veined, the costa raised beneath, the sec- ondary nerves about 6 per side, sharply ascending, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle striate, 10-23 cm. long, conspicuously bracteate and articulate 15-30 mm. above the base (the bracts coriaceous, about 2 mm. long, connate), the receptacle flattened, 5-8 mm. broad, the flowers 5-merous, 50—90, the pedicels 15-20 mm. long; calyx obconic, 3-4 mm. long and broad, the limb essentially truncate; petals oblong, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; filaments short, the anthers about 2 mm. long; styles connate into a carnose conic column about 1.5 mm. long, truncate; fruit ellipsoid, about 6 mm. long, the seeds 5. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 22. Dendropanax grandis Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 39242) OW2: Gilibertia grandis Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 422. 1926. Tree, up to 16 m. high, the branchlets stout, cinereous, terete; petioles stout, 4-10 cm. long, swollen at the base; leaf-blades coriaceous, ovate or broadly elliptic, 11-15 cm. long, 6-10 cm. broad, rounded and abruptly cuneate at the base, rounded and obtusely callose-tipped at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa very prominent, the secondary nerves about 8 per side, raised on both surfaces, the veinlets reticu- late, prominulous; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle stout, about 4 cm. long, bracteate at the base and slightly above (the bracts coriaceous, ovate, about 2 mm. long), the receptacle carnose, about 10 mm. broad, the flowers about 50, the pedicels 18-20 mm. long; calyx carnose, cupuliform, 3-4 mm. long, 4-5 mm. in diameter, the limb truncate or irregularly undulate; petals oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad; filaments 5-6 mm. long, the anthers 1.5—2 mm. long; styles connate in a carnose conic truncate column about 1 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 23. Dendropanax cordifolius Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 39:4. 1912. Gilibertia cordifolia Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 421. 1926. Slender tree, about 6 m. high, the branchlets cinereous, rugose, subterete; petioles stout, swollen at the base, 2—11 cm. long; leaf-blades chartaceous, broadly ovate, 9-20 cm. long, 6-12 cm. broad, cordate or rounded at the base, obtuse, acute, or short-cuspidate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa very prominent, the second- ary nerves about 5 per side, spreading, raised on both surfaces, the veinlets copiously reticulate, prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle striate, stout, 12-16 cm. long, minutely bracteate at the base, conspicuously bracteate slightly above the base (the bracts broadly ovate, 1-2 mm. long, often connate), the receptacle carnose, convex, about 10 mm. broad, the flowers 60-80, the pedicels 20-30 mm. long; calyx obconic, 3-4 mm. long, 4-5 mm. in diameter, the limb truncate; petals oblong, 4-5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad; filaments 5-6 mm. long, the anthers about 1.5 mm. long; stylar column stout, conic, 1-2 mm. long, nearly 1 mm. in diameter near the apex. ‘TYPE LocALITy: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. bo on Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 24. Dendropanax elongatus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 3973h) 192s Gilibertia elongata Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 421. 1926. Slender tree, about 8 m. high, the branchlets stout, cinereous, subterete; petioles stout, often canaliculate, up to 6 cm. long; leaf-blades coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 11-18 em. long, 3-6 cm. broad, obtuse or rounded at the base, acute and callose-mucronate at the apex, entire or slightly undulate at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa very prominent, the secondary nerves about 10, spreading, slightly raised; inflorescence a simple terminal umbel, the peduncle 8-14 cm. long, minutely bracteate at the base, conspicuously bracteate about one-fourth of the length above the base (the bracts 3-5, ovate, 1-2 mm. long, connate), the receptacle carnose, flattened or sharply recurved, 6-10 mm. broad, the flowers apparently 50-100 per umbel, immature and subsessile on our specimen. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. 8. SCHEFFLERA Forst. Char. Gen. 45. 1776; nomen conservandum propositum. Sciodaphyllum P. Br. Hist. Jam. 190. 1756. Sciadophyllum Reichenb. Consp. 145. 1828. Shrubs or small trees, rarely epiphytic, glabrous or variously pubescent. Leaves pal- mately compound or rarely simple (in our species only in S. epiphytica), the petiole dilated at the base into a coriaceous ligulate sheath, this often very conspicuous, the leaflets of compound leaves radiate, sometimes diverse in size. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, ample, panicu- lately umbelliferous or rarely (in our species) capituliferous, the branchlets subtended by small coriaceous bracts, the umbels (or heads) numerous, the pedicels continuous with the calyx. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Calyx obconic or cupuliform, the limb short, erect, usually denticulate. Petals valvate, in our species usually connate and calyptrate, subacute and slightly thickened at the apex. Stamens inflexed in the bud, the anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends, the locules loosely coherent or separate. Disk carnose, small, slightly raised at the margin. Styles 5-7, connate into a column or free distally. Ovary-wall carnose, the locules and ovules 5—7. Fruit coriaceous, subglobose, surmounted by the persistent calyx-limb and stylar column or styles, the seeds 5—7 or fewer, oblong. Type species, Schefflera digitata Forst. Schefflera has recently been proposed for conservation over Sciodaphyllum by the writer (Trop. Woods 66: 3-5. 1941). The spelling Sciodaphyllum vs. Sciadophyllum has also been discussed (Brittonia 2: 254. 1936). Epiphytic shrub with simple short-petiolate leaves; Panama. 1. S. epiphytica. Shrubs or small trees with palmately compound long-petiolate leaves. Leaflets white -farinose-puberulent beneath; inflorescence (including petals without) densely and uniformly appressed-white-tomentose through- out; Jamaica. Leaflets glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath; inflorescence not tomentose as above, the petals glabrous. Summit of ovary short-conic or rounded, the styles completely fused and essentially suppressed; petals apparently separating at anthe- sis, strongly 3—5-parallel-veined; Martinique. 3. S. Belangeri. Summit of ovary prolonged into obvious styles or a stylar column; petals connate, calyptrate, faintly veined. Petiolar ligule oblong, 1—3 cm. long; styles free in the distal half, conspicuously recurved or spreading in fruit. Petioles 10-40 cm. long; blades of the leaflets thin-coriaceous; nN . S. lroyana. petals 2-2.5 mm. long; Jamaica. 4. S. Sciodaphyllum. Petioles 2.5-8 cm. long; blades of the leaflets chartaceous; petals about 1.5 mm. long; Costa Rica. 5. S. Brenesii. Petiolar ligule oblong-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 3-10 cm. long; styles connate into a carnose column, minutely free only at the apices; Nicaragua to Panama. Leaflets 4-9; flowers distinctly pedicellate in 5—14-flewered umbels. Blades of the leaflets 3-8 cm. broad, the secondary nerves 12-18 per side; inflorescence 1—3-branched near the base, the umbel-peduncles 10-15 mm. long. 6. S. systyla. 26 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Blades of the leaflets (6—) 8.5-16 cm. broad; inflorescence copiously branched, the umbel-peduncles 5-10 mm. ong. Flowers about 5 per umbel; blades of the leaflets 25-40 9.5-16 cm., sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath, the secondary nerves 15—20 per side. 7. S. nicaraguensis. Flowers 7—14 per umbel; blades of the leaflets 15-30 « (6—-) 8.5-11 em., glabrous (or tomentellous along the costa beneath when young), the secondary nerves 7-12 per side. 8. S. Seibertii. Leaflets 8-21; flowers sessile, in 10—20-flowered heads (fruits sometimes as few as 5 per head). 9. S. robusta. 1. Schefflera epiphytica A. C. Smith, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28: 437. 1941. Epiphytic shrub 1.5—-2 m. high, glabrous throughout except for the inflorescence, the branchlets stout, striate; leaves simple, the petiole stout, 7-15 mm. long, broadly winged below, distally lightly canaliculate, toward the middle conspicuously ligulate, the ligule coria- ceous, oblong-linear, up to 2.5 cm. long, persistent; leaf-blades chartaceous, elliptic-oblong, 18-25 cm. long, 9-12 cm. broad, subcordate or rounded at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex (the acumen acute, up to 1 cm. long), entire at the margins, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves 10-16 per side, spreading, curved toward the margins, raised on both sur- faces, the veinlet-reticulation prominulous; inflorescence compound-paniculate, the rachis and branches slender, puberulent, soon glabrescent, the peduncle essentially lacking, the rachis 2-4 cm. long, the branches few, 15-35 cm. long, subtended by chartaceous oblong bracts 1.5—3 cm. long, the peduncles numerous, slender, up to 9 mm. long at anthesis and 15 mm. long in fruit, puberulent, soon glabrescent; flowers 5-merous, 3-8 per umbel, the pedicels slender, 3-6 mm. long; calyx obconic, 1—1.5 mm. long and slightly broader, the limb obscurely apiculate; petals glabrous, membranous, connate into a semiglobose umbonate calyptra 2—2.5 mm. in diameter; filaments slender, 0.4-0.7 mm. long, the anthers about 1.5 mm. long; styles 5, con- nate into a carnose column, minutely free at the apices; fruit subglobose, up to 3.5 mm. in diameter, conspicuously 5-costate, surmounted by the disk and stylar column. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Coclé). DISTRIBUTION: Panama, known only from the type locality, about 1000 m. 2. Schefflera troyana (Urban) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:5. 1941. Sciadophyllum troyanum Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 451. 1908. Actinophyllum troyanum R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 644. 1909. Small tree, up to 7 m. high, the branchlets stout, brownish, rugose; petioles subterete, up to 40 cm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrous, lenticellate near base, the ligule coriaceous, broadly oblong, 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 6-12, the petiolules deciduously puberulent, up to 9 cm. long, the blades coriaceous, oblong, up to 25 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, rounded or subcordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, slightly recurved at the margins, glabrous above, white- farinose-puberulent beneath, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves 9-11 per side, often im- pressed above, raised beneath; inflorescences essentially terminal, 1—3-branched from the base, densely and uniformly appressed-white-tomentose throughout, the branches stout, up to 45 cm. long, the peduncles stout, 5-10 mm. long, the bractlets small, somewhat coalescent, the flowers sessile or short(up to 2 mm.)-pedicellate; calyx coriaceous, obconic, at anthesis 2-3 mm. long, about 4 mm. in diameter, the limb glabrous within, the teeth broadly deltoid, acute, about 0.5 mm. long; bud conic, apiculate, the petals thin-carnose, oblong-deltoid, about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, often connate and calyptrate, tomentellose without, glabrous within; filaments carnose, about 1 mm. long, the anthers 1—-1.2 mm. long; styles 5, carnose, erect, connate at the base, free distally, 1-1.5 mm. long, slightly incurved at the apex; young fruit tomentose, the styles spreading. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, 650-900 m. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 27 3. Schefflera Belangeri (Marchal) Harms; Baca be Natyeiase a7 mlooL: Sciadophyllum Belangeri Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47:92. 1879. Actinophyllum Belangeri R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 643. 1909. Shrub or small tree (?), glabrous throughout (except the inflorescences); petioles striate; leaflets about 7, the blades thin-coriaceous, oblong or elliptic, 12-18 cm. long, 6—9 cm. broad, rounded or obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex (the acumen 1-2 cm. long), entire, thick- ened and slightly undulate at the margins, the costa and 6—9 arcuate secondary nerves promi- nent, the veinlets copiously reticulate, prominulous on both surfaces; inflorescences incomplete in our specimen, the branches striate, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, the bracts elliptic- lanceolate, subciliate (according to Marchal), the peduncles about 10 mm. long, with the pedicels sparsely tomentellose, the bractlets apparently deciduous, the pedicels 6-15 per umbel, about 1.5 mm. long; flowers glabrous, the calyx broadly obconic, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, the teeth broadly deltoid, submembranous, acute; petals 5 or 6, submembranous, oblong, about 2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, loosely connate, apparently free at anthesis, the veins 3-5, distinct, parallel, ending in the apex; filaments thin-carnose, 1-2 mm. long, the anthers 1—1.5 mm. long; summit of the ovary short-conic or rounded, carnose, the styles completely fused, suppressed; locules 5 or 6. TYPE LOCALITY: Martinique. DISTRIBUTION: Martinique. 4. Schefflera Sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Harms; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3°: 37 [as Schefflera Sciadophyllum (L.) Harms]. 1894. Aralia Sciodaphyllum Sw. Prodr. 55. 1788. Hedera Sciodaphyllum Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 1: 519. 1797. Sciodaphyllum Brownii [sic] Spreng. Syst. 1: 953. 1825. Actinophyllum Sciadophyllum [sic] R. C. Schneid. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 643. 1909. Sciadophyllum praetermissum C. Norman; Fawcett & Rendle, Jour. Bot. 64: 159. 1926. Shrub or tree up to 10 m. high, glabrous throughout (except the inflorescences), the branch- lets terete, rugose, lenticellate; petioles striate, 10-40 cm. long, often lenticellate near the base, the ligule coriaceous, broadly oblong, often up to 3 cm. long; leaflets 5-16, the large and small ones often mixed, the petiolules up to 9 cm. long, slightly swollen at the base, the blades thin- coriaceous, elongate-oblong, up to 25 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, obtuse, rounded, or subcor- date at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, entire and slightly undulate at the margins, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves spreading, slightly raised on both surfaces; inflores- cences lateral or terminal, consisting of 1-6 elongate branches, these stout, up to 70 cm. long, minutely pale-tomentellose or glabrescent, the peduncles slender, 2-15 mm. long, with the pedicels and calyces cinereous-puberulent, soon glabrous, the bractlets 1-2 mm. long, fre- quently coalescent, the pedicels 6-10 per umbel, up to 2 mm. long at anthesis, to 4 mm. long in fruit; flowers 5-merous, the calyx coriaceous, obconic or cupuliform, at anthesis about 2 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, cinereous-puberulent especially near the base, glabrescent, the teeth often ciliolate; bud often apiculate, the petals thin-carnose, glabrous, deltoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad; filaments very short, at length to 2.5 mm. long, carnose, the anthers 1—1.5 mm. long, stout; styles carnose, 1-1.5 mm. long, united at the base into a short cone, free and erect distally, obliquely truncate and somewhat incurved at the apex; fruit sharply 5-angled, 3-4 mm. in diameter, the styles connate about half their length, spreading distally. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica, 500-1900 m ILLUSTRATIONS: P. Br. Hist. Jam. pl. “19. f. 1, 2; Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 415. 5. Schefflera Brenesii A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:5. 1941. Sciodaphyllum chartaceum A. C. Smith, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 18: 1562. 1938. Not Schefflera chartacea Merr. 1915. Shrub (?), glabrous throughout (except the young inflorescences), the branchlets terete; petioles 2.5-8 cm. long, the ligule coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5—2.5 em. long, deciduous; 28 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, leaflets probably 5 (detached in our specimens), the petiolules slender, 1-4 cm. long, the blades chartaceous, oblong or oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 10-18 cm. long, 4.5—9 cm. broad, acute or obtuse at the base, caudate-acuminate at the apex (the acumen acute, 1-2 cm. long), entire at the margins, the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 7—13 per side, arcuate- spreading, raised on both surfaces; inflorescence apparently narrowly paniculate (incomplete in our specimens), 15-20 cm. long, laxly pale-puberulent throughout when young, soon gla- brous, the peduncles slender, 2-10 mm. long, the pedicels 3-6 per umbel, 1-3 mm. long; flowers 4- or 5-merous, the calyx cupuliform, at anthesis 1-1.5 mm. long including the short denticulate limb, about 1 mm. in diameter; petals membranous, connate, deltoid, 1.5 mm. long, brown- lineolate; filaments short, the anthers deltoid, 1—-1.2 mm. long; styles 4 or 5, free distally; fruit angled, 3-4 mm. in diameter, the stylar column coriaceous, the styles conspicuously recurved, the seeds 5 or fewer. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 6. Schefflera systyla (Donn. Smith) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. 9: 363. 1909. Sciadophyllum systylum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 31: 113. 1901. Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m. high, the young parts ferruginous-tomentellose, at length glabrous, the branchlets terete, rugose; petioles terete, 15-30 cm. long, the ligule coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, deciduous; leaflets 7—9, the petiolules shallowly canaliculate, 3-6 cm. long, the blades thin-coriaceous, elongate-oblong, 12-25 cm. long, 3-8 cm. broad, obtuse or rounded at the base, caudate-acuminate at the apex (the acumen 2—4 cm. long), entire or slightly undulate at the margins (the juvenile leaflets serrate?), the costa and 12-18 arcuate-ascending lateral nerves prominent on both surfaces; inflorescence terminal, 1-—3- branched near the base, the branches 30-40 cm. long, the peduncles spreading, slender, 10-15 mm. long, with the pedicels deciduously tomentellose, the pedicels 7-10 per umbel, 3-5 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, the calyx carnose, obconic, at anthesis about 1 mm. long, 1.5—-2 mm. in diameter, closely brownish-tomentellose, the limb membranous, truncate; bud conic, rounded at the apex, the petals submembranous, glabrous, deltoid, 1.5—-2 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad; filaments thin-carnose, at length to 2.5 mm. long, the anthers about 1 mm. long; styles 5-7, less than 1 mm. long, coherent into a carnose column, minutely free at the apex (or not); fruit sharply angled, 2.5-4 mm. in diameter, the stylar column coriaceous, up to 2 mm. long, the styles often minutely spreading at the apex, the seeds 5—7 or fewer. TYPE LocALITy: Costa Rica. DiIsTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 900-1800 m. 7. Schefflera nicaraguensis (Standley) A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:5. 1941. Sciadophyllum nicaraguense Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: 316. 1927. Essentially glabrous shrub, 2-3 m. high, the branchlets stout; petioles stout, terete, striate, about 40 cm. long, the ligule coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, about 8 cm. long; leaflets 4-8, the petiolules stout, 4-13 cm. long, swollen at the base and the apex, the blades thin- coriaceous, oblong, 25-40 cm. long, 9.5-16 cm. broad, cuneate to rounded at the base, acumi- nate at the apex (the acumen about 2 cm. long), entire at the margins, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-pubescent beneath, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves 15—20 per side, spreading, raised on both surfaces; inflorescence fragmentary in our specimen, the branches, peduncles, pedicels, and calyces minutely brown-strigulose, the bracts and bractlets deciduous, the umbels racemosely arranged, the peduncles 5-10 mm. long, the pedicels about 5 per umbel, 2-3 mm, long; flowers 5-merous, the calyx carnose, obconic, about 1 mm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, the limb submembranous, the teeth cuspidate, short, the sinuses flattened; petals and stamens not seen; styles 5, less than 1 mm. long, connate into a carnose cone, free at the apices. TyPE LocaLity: Nicaragua (San Juan del Norte). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. Parr 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 29 8. Schefflera Seibertii A. C. Smith, Trop. Woods 66:5. 1941. Shrub or tree up to 5 m. high, the branchlets stout, sparsely ferruginous-tomentellose, soon glabrous; petioles stout, terete, lenticellate, up to 32 cm. long, the ligule coriaceous, oblong-linear, up to 10 cm. long, subacute, cinereo-sericeous; leaflets 5 or 6, the petiolules subterete, slender, 2-8 cm. long, swollen at the base and the apex, the blades chartaceous, glabrous (or furfuraceous-tomentellose along the costa beneath when young), elliptic-oblong, 15-30 em. long, (6—) 8.5—-11 cm. broad, broadly obtuse to subcordate at the base, cuspidate to acuminate at the apex (the acumen 5-10 or occasionally to 30 mm. long), entire at the margins, the costa prominent, the secondary nerves 7—12 per side, curved, slightly raised on both sur- faces, the veinlet-reticulation copious; inflorescence robust, up to 50 cm. long or more, com- pound-paniculate, the rachis and branches subterete, sparsely puberulent or sericeous, at length subglabrescent, the branches several, up to 45 cm. long, subtended by papyraceous oblong-linear bracts 2.5-3.5 cm. long, the peduncles very numerous, slender, 7-10 mm. long; flowers 5-merous, 7-14 per umbel, the pedicels slender, puberulent, 3-4 mm. long; calyx cupuliform, 1-1.5 mm. in diameter, minutely 5-dentate; petals membranous, essentially gla- brous, connate into a calyptra; filaments slender, about 2 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 1 mm. long; styles 5, connate into a carnose column about 0.7 mm. long, minutely free at the apices. TYPE LOCALITY: Panama (Chiriqui Lagoon region). DISTRIBUTION: Panama; known only from the vicinity of the type locality. 9. Schefflera robusta A. C. Smith, ‘Trop. Woods 66:5. 1941. Sciodaphyllum robustum A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 254. 1936. Small tree (?), the young parts cinereo-puberulent, soon glabrous, the branchlets stout, terete, rugose; petioles terete, lenticellate, up to 55 cm. long or more, sheathing at the base, the ligule coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 3-9 cm. long; leaflets 8-21, the petiolules subterete, 4-20 em. long, the blades thin-coriaceous, elongate-oblong, (12—) 15-30 cm. long, 4-11 cm. broad, obtuse or rounded at the base, caudate-acuminate at the apex (the acumen 2-3 cm. long), entire at the margins, the costa and 8-20 pairs of secondary nerves somewhat prominent; inflorescence terminal, robust, compound-paniculate, up to 60 cm. long, the branches numer- ous, 30-50 cm. long, the peduncles 3-10 mm. long; flowers sessile, the heads compact, 3-6 mm. in diameter at anthesis, 10—20-flowered; flowers 5-merous, glabrous, the calyx cupuliform, small, the limb minute, truncate or undulate; petals membranous, valvate, connate, deltoid, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments slender, about 1.5 mm. long, the anthers small, globose-oblong; styles 5, about 1.5 mm. long, coherent into a carnose column, free at the apex; locules and ovules 5; fruits about 5-15 per head, sharply 5-angled, about 3 mm. in diameter, with a thick stylar column about 1.5 mm. long, the styles shortly free and spreading at the apex. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and Panama. 9. OREOPANAX Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3:107. 1854. Monopanax Regel, Gartenflora 18:35. 1869. Shrubs or trees, frequently scandent epiphytes when juvenile, sometimes epiphytic at ma- turity, glabrous or variously pubescent. Leaves pAlmately compound or simple, lobed or en- tire, the petiole often dilated at the base but without a prominent extended ligule. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, often ample and spreading, paniculately or racemosely capituliferous, the peduncles swollen distally, the flowers sessile or essentially so (the staminate flowers short- pedicellate in O. echinops) in globose or ellipsoid heads, the heads bracteolate. Flowers polygamo-dioecious (rarely polygamo-monoecious), subtended by 2 or more bracteoles, 5 (rarely 4- or 6)-merous. Calyx cupuliform, the limb short, usually minutely denticulate. Petals valvate, white or greenish, usually submembranous, subacute at the apex. Stamens inflexed 30 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, in the bud, the anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends. Styles in staminate flowers | or 2, slender, imperfect, in pistillate flowers 2-10, free or slightly connate at the base. Ovary thick-walled, the locules as many as the styles. Fruit subglobose or ellipsoid, surmounted by the persistent calyx-limb, the styles often deciduous, the seeds as many as the locules or fewer by abortion. Type species, Aralia capitata Jacq. i Leaves digitately compound; inflorescence racemosely capituliferous (rarely with | or 2 short lateral branches from the base). Leaflets usually 5 (sometimes 3), often sessile, stellate-pilose with stalked hairs; staminate heads 13-20 mm. in diameter; bracteoles 5-7 mm. long, densely villose; staminate pedicels often 2-5 mm. long; Mexico and Guatemala. 1. O. echinops. Leaflets usually 5-10, petiolulate; staminate heads 5-13 mm. in diam- eter; bracteoles not more than 3 mm. long, puberulent or gla- brous; staminate flowers sessile. Lower surface of leaflets glabrous or stellate-pubescent, the hairs small, sessile, about 8-branched, often simulating scales; Mexico to Panama. Lower surface of leaflets stellate-pilose, the hairs slender, 4- or 5- branched, stalked; Mexico and Guatemala. 3. O. Langlassei. Leaves simple; inflorescence paniculately capituliferous. Leaf-blades 5—9-lobed. Lower surface of leaves closely stellate-tomentose, the hairs many- branched, sessile, obscuring the surface; styles and locules of hermaphrodite flowers and fruits Sih Martinique and Guade- oupe Leaves cordate at the base, lobed about one-third their length, the veinlets immersed, obscured beneath by the tomentum; in- florescence comparatively few-branched, up to 20 cm. long and broad. 4. O. Dusst. Leaves truncate or obtuse at the base, lobed one-half to three- quarters their length, the veinlets prominent beneath; inflo- rescence many-branched, up to 40 cm. long and broad. 5. O. ramosissimus. Lower surface of leaves stellate-tomentellose, the hairs 4—6-branched, stalked, not obscuring the surface; styles and locules of the hermaphrodite flowers and fruits 2 or 3; continental. Heads not more than 10 mm. in diameter, the bracteoles short- tomentellose or glabrous, the fruits 5-10 per head; lobes of the leaf irregularly lobed or sinuate at the margins; Mexico to Honduras. 6. O. peltatus. Heads (hermaphrodite) 12-17 mm. in diameter, the bracteoles copiously and persistently bright ferruginous-tomentose (tomentum 2-3 mm. long), the fruits numerous (15-35 per head); lobes of the leaf (not known for no. 8) entire at the margins. Inflorescence brownish or dark ferruginous-tomentose; her- maphrodite heads solitary, pedunculate; British Hon- i} O. xalapensis. duras. 7. O. lachnocephalus. Inflorescence pale ferruginous-tomentose; hermaphrodite ’ heads paired, sessile; Nicaragua. 8. O. geminatus. Leaf-blades entire or 3-dentate or 3-lobed (very rarely shallowly 5-lobed in O. Sanderianus). Apex of leaves acuminate, cuspidate, or acute. Leaves glabrous. Leaf-blades entire (sometimes broadly lobed in no. 12); heads pedunculate. Basal lateral nerves of the leaf-blades inconspicuous, the venation essentially pinnate, the blades narrowly elliptic or oblong or obovate, 3—5 times as long as broad. Leaf-blades 2-6 cm. broad, glabrous, the secondary nerves 6-10 per side; staminate heads 1.5—-4 mm. in diameter, the flowers 4-8 or sometimes to 15 per head; bracts and bracteoles of fruiting heads inconspicuous, the mature fruits 3-5 mm. in diam- : eter; Mexico to Panama. 9. O. Liebmanni. Leaf-blades 5-10 cm. broad, sparsely stellate-pilose beneath, glabrescent, the secondary nerves 8-14 per side; staminate heads 3-7 mm. in diameter, the flowers 20-28 per head; bracts and bracteoles of fruiting heads large, 3-4 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad, the mature fruits 6-8 mm. in diameter; Guatemala. 10. O. Steyermarkii. Basal lateral nerves of the leaf-blades 1 or 2 pairs, con- spicuous, ascending or spreading, the blades 1-2 (rarely 3) times as long as broad; staminate flowers 10-25 per head. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE Mature leaves ovate or elliptic or oblong-elliptic, averaging slightly more than half as broad as long (widespread and common species). Mature leaves broadly deltoid or rhomboid-ovate, nearly as broad as long. Young leaves peltate, equally 3-lobed, the mature leaves acute or gradually acuminate at the apex, rounded or cordate or truncate or shal- lowly peltate at the base; branchlets brownish; Guatemala and southern Mexico. Young leaves not lobed, the mature leaves abruptly acuminate at the apex, usually broadly cuneate at the base; branchlets nigrescent, conspicu- ously lenticellate; Costa Rica. Leaf-blades suborbicular, tridentate, the teeth broadly del- toid, cuspidate, about 1 cm. long; fruiting heads sessile; Mexico. Leaves beneath and young branchlets stellate-tomentose. Bracts of the inflorescence subtending principal branches lan- ceolate, often subfoliaceous in texture, 5-30 mm. long. Leaf-blades scabrous above with numerous prominent papillae, densely tomentose beneath; staminate inflo- rescence up to 20 cm. long and broad; staminate flower-heads with ovate bracts and bracteoles not enveloping the flowers; Mexico. Leaf-blades smooth above, sparsely pilose beneath; her- maphrodite inflorescences compact, 5—7 cm. long and broad; hermaphrodite flowers 2 or 3 per head, the sub- tending bracts and bracteoles very broad, concave, enveloping the flowers; Guatemala. Bracts of the inflorescence subtending the principal branches small, less than 2 mm. long. Hairs of young branchlets with very stout and conspicu- ous stalks about 2 mm. long; inflorescence ample, up to 20 cm. long and broad; styles of hermaphrodite flowers 5 or 6; Costa Rica. Hairs of young branchlets sessile or with short slender stalks. Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, 3- or 5-nerved from the base; staminate flowers 8-20 per head; fruits usually 6 or more per head, the subtending bracts and bracteoles inconspicuous; Costa Rica and western Panama. Styles of hermaphrodite flowers and fruits 4 or 5; inflorescence up to 10 cm. long and broad; leaf-blades 3.5-7 cm. broad, the hairs of the lower surface short-stalked or subsessile. Styles of hermaphrodite flowers and fruits 9-12 inflorescence up to 25 cm. long and broad; feat. blades 6-20 cm. broad, the hairs of the lower surface with long slender stalks. Leaf-blades thick-coriaceous, obviously pinnate-nerved, the basal nerves short and inconspicuous; stami- nate flowers 20—28 per head; fruits 2 or 3 per head, the subtending bracts and bracteoles large, con- spicuous; Guatemala. Apex of leaves rounded. Hermaphrodite flowers few, the fruits 3-7 per head, smooth; staminate flowers 12-35 per head; inflorescence often 20 em. long and broad or more. Inflorescence (including bractlets and bracteoles) glabrous, 5- or 6-branched from the base; mature leaves elliptic (about twice as long as broad), attenuate to acute at the base; styles and locules 8-10; Costa Rica and western Panama. Inflorescence pilose, copiously paniculately branched; mature leaves broadly ovate or broadly elliptic or elliptic- thomboid (nearly as broad as long), obtuse to cordate at the base. Leaves broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, rounded or cor- date at the base; styles and locules 8-10; Costa Rica. Leaves elliptic- or obovate-rhomboid, the base obtuse or cuneate (rarely cordate) ; styles and locules 5-7; south- ern Mexico to Honduras. Hermaphrodite flowers and fruits 20-40 per head, the fruits sharply angled; staminate flowers 25-40 per head; inflores- cence compact, 8-13 cm. long and broad, branching from the base; Costa Rica. 12. 14. 15. 20. 22. 23% oO. 31 capitalus. . Sanderianus. . nubigenus. . platyphyllus. . flaccidus. arcanus. . Oerstedianus, . vestitus. . Standleyi. . Steyermarkii. . costaricensis. Donnell-Smithii. guatemalensis. pycnocarpus. 32 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 1. Oreopanax echinops (Schlecht. & Cham.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 108. 1854. Aralia echinops Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 174. 1830. Hedera echinops G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 394. 1834 Shrub or tree, to 10 m. high, the branchlets densely ferruginous-stellate-tomentose, at length glabrescent; leaves palmately compound, the petiole resembling the branchlets, up to 50 cm. long, dilated at the base, the leaflets of mature leaves 5 (the juvenile leaves simple or trilobed or trifoliolate), radiate, sessile or with inconspicuous petiolules up to 1.5 em. long, the blades papyraceous, obovate-elliptic, up to 40 em. long and 19 cm. broad, acute or subattenuate at the base, acuminate at the apex (acumen 1-3 cm. long), subentire or remotely denticulate (the teeth apiculate, terminating lateral nerves), scabrous and stellate-pilose above, densely stellate-pilose beneath especially on the nerves (the hairs slender, stalked, 3-6-branched), the costa nearly plane above, prominent beneath, the lateral nerves about 6-9, spreading; inflores- cence racemosely capituliferous, up to 50 cm. long, the rachis and peduncles densely stellate- tomentose, the bracts oblong, acute, 4-8 mm. long, tomentose, the peduncles 10-25 mm. long; staminate heads globose, 13-20 mm. in diameter, the bractlets oblong-spatulate, about 5 mm. long; flowers very numerous, the bracteoles submembranous, spatulate or linear, 5—7 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad or much narrower, densely villose distally without; pedicels often 2—5 mm. long, passing imperceptibly into obconic calyces, the calyx about 1 mm. in diameter, the lobes rounded; petals oblong, about 2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, slightly thickened at the apex; filaments up to 4 mm. long, the anthers 1-1.5 mm. long; summit of the ovary slightly raised, the disk inconspicuous, the style about 1.5 mm. long; hermaphrodite heads up to 30 mm. in diameter, the young fruit sessile, the bracteoles 7-10 mm. long, 1.5—5 mm. broad, often caudate-acuminate at the apex, densely villose without; fruit obovoid, coriaceous, 7-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the styles 5, separate to the base, 3-4 mm. long, at length deciduous; seeds often reduced to 1. TYPE LOCALITY: Vera Cruz. DISTRIBUTION: Michoacan and Vera Cruz to Guatemala. 2. Oreopanax xalapensis (H.B.K.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 108. 1854. Aralia xalapensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:8. 1821. Hedera xalapensis DC. Prodr. 4: 264. 1830. Aralia Ghiesbreghtii A. Verschaffelt; E. Morren, Belg. Hortic. 13:3. 1863. Aralia Thibautii A. Verschaffelt; E. Morren, Belg. Hortic. 13:3. 1863. Monopanax Ghiesbrechtii Regel, Gartenflora 18:35. 1869. Aralia mexicana Hort.; Lavallée, Arb. Segrez. 125, assyn. 1877. Oreopanax Thibautii Hook. f. Bot. Mag. pl. 6340. 1878. Oreopanax xalapense var. laxiflorum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 271. 1891. Oreopanax xalapense var. spiciforme Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 271. 1891. Oreopanax Taubertianum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19:4. 1894. Oreopanax Loesenerianus Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 127. 1896. Shrub or tree, up to 10 m. high or more, the branchlets terete, glabrous or essentially so; leaves palmately compound, the petiole slender, striate, up to 30 cm. (rarely to 60 cm.) long, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pilose, swollen and dilated at the base, the leaflets 5-10 (rarely 3-12), radiate, the petiolules slender, striate, usually 10-35 mm. long, often swollen at the base, glabrous or stellate-pilose, the blades often coriaceous, ovate- to obovate- or lanceolate- elliptic, up to 30 cm. long and 7 cm. broad (often only 2 cm. broad, rarely 1.5 cm. broad, and rarely to 11 cm. broad when juvenile), attenuate or acute at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, entire or serrate at the margins (the serrations often conspicuous, usually remote, apicu- late, each terminating a vein), glabrous or essentially so above, glabrous or more or less densely ferruginous-stellate-pubescent beneath (the hairs small, sessile, about 8-branched, often simu- lating scales), the costa prominent beneath, the secondary nerves spreading, usually plane above and raised beneath; inflorescence racemosely capituliferous, up to 50 cm. long, the rachis frequently stout (up to 6 mm. in diameter), glabrous or stellate-tomentose, the bracts ovate-oblong, often to 8 mm. long, usually subulate and soon deciduous, the peduncles very numerous, 0.5—4 (usually about 2) cm. long, glabrous or tomentellose; staminate heads globose Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 33 or slightly elongate, 5-13 mm. in diameter, the bracts deltoid, acute, usually about 3 mm. long, the outer ones often connate, usually puberulent without, the flowers 20-50 per head, the bracteoles about 2 mm. long, densely puberulent without or glabrous; calyx I-1.5 mm. long, the limb essentially truncate; petals oblong, 1.5-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad; filaments up to 3 mm. long, the anthers 1-2 mm. long; style 1, short; fruiting heads up to 15 mm. in diam- eter, the fruits 2-12 (usually about 6) per head, coriaceous, ellipsoid or subglobose, at maturity 5-7 mm. in diameter, the persistent styles usually 5, spreading from the base, the seeds fre- quently 4 or 5, sometimes fewer. TYPE LOCALITY: Vera Cruz. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco to Vera Cruz (and Socorro I.), southward to western Panama, 800- 3000 m. ILLUSTRATIONS: Gartenflora 18: pl. 606 (as Monopanax Ghiesbreghtii); Bot. Mag. pl. 6340 (as Oreopanax Thibautii). 3. Oreopanax Langlassei Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1083. 1924. Shrub or small tree, up to 5 m. high; leaves palmately compound, the petiole slender, stellate-tomentellose, up to 25 cm. long, swollen at the base, the leaflets 6-9, radiate, the petiolules up to 20 mm. long, the blades papyraceous or subcoriaceous, lanceolate- or elliptic- oblong, 10-18 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, attenuate at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire or sparsely serrate at the margins, sparsely stellate-pilose above, more densely so be- neath (the hairs slender, 4- or 5-branched, stalked), eventually subglabrescent, the costa prominent beneath; inflorescence slender, up to 50 cm. long, the rachis and peduncles stellate- tomentellose, the bracts ovate, 1-2 mm. long, the peduncles very numerous, 2—3 (1—4.5) em. long; staminate heads 5-6 mm. in diameter, the bracts about 2 mm. long, often connate, puberulent without, the bracteoles small, puberulent, the flowers glabrous; calyx obconic, 1-1.3 mm. long and broad; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; filaments at length 2 mm. long, the anthers 0.6—1 mm. long; style 1, short; fruiting heads 10-15 mm. in diameter, the fruits usually 3-10 per head, ellipsoid, at maturity about 6 mm. in diameter, the persistent styles 5, connate into a column below, spreading distally, the seeds 5 or fewer. TYPE LocaLity: Michoacdn or Guerrero. DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero (and Michoacan?) to Oaxaca and Guatemala, 1700-2400 m. 4. Oreopanax Dussi Krug & Urban; Duss, Ann. Inst. Col. Marseille 3: 322. 1897. Tree, 6-14 m. high, the branchlets stout, terete, soon glabrous; leaves simple, the petiole stout, up to 30 cm. long, densely pale-stellate-tomentose when young, soon glabrous, the blade coriaceous, suborbicular in outline, up to 30 cm. in diameter, cordate at the base, shallowly 5- or 7-lobed about one-third the length of the leaf, the sinuses rounded, the lobes oblong or deltoid, acuminate at the apex, entire or slightly sinuate at the margins, the upper surface stellate-puberulent when young, soon glabrous, the lower surface densely and closely stellate- tomentose (the hairs many-branched, sessile), the primary nerves prominent, the secondary nerves spreading; inflorescence up to 20 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles closely stellate-tomentose, the bracts 2-4 mm. long, the peduncles 5-15 mm. long, the bractlets ovate, small, tomentose; staminate heads 5-6 mm. in diameter, the bracteoles obovate- or linear- spatulate, 1-2 mm. long, densely pale-tomentellose without; mature flowers not seen, the petals tomentellose without when young; hermaphrodite heads 10-12 mm. in diameter, the flowers glabrous (or the calyx puberulent); calyx carnose, about 1.5 mm. long, the limb trun- cate or minutely 5-lobed; petals oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, the veins somewhat conspicuous; filaments about 4 mm. long, the anthers about 1 mm. long; styles 5, carnose, distinct to the base, less than 1 mm. long; bractlets persistent in fruit, the fruits about 10 per head, obovoid- oblong, 4-5 mm. long, the styles spreading, at length deciduous, the seeds often 2 or 3. TYPE LOCALITY: Martinique. DISTRIBUTION: Martinique and Guadeloupe, in the mountains. 34 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, 5. Oreopanax ramosissimus A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 256. 1936. Tree; leaves simple, the petiole stout, up to 50 cm. long, closely ferruginous-tomentellose, glabrescent, the blade coriaceous, suborbicular in outline, up to 45 cm. in diameter, truncate or obtuse at the base, deeply 5—9-lobed, the sinuses rounded, cut to one-half or three-fourths the length of the leaf, the lobes oblong or elliptic, 4-8 cm. broad, gradually narrowed distally, acuminate at the apex, often sinuate at the margins, the upper surface glabrous, the lower sur- face densely and closely ferruginous-stellate-tomentose (the hairs many-branched, sessile), the primary nerves very prominent, the secondary nerves numerous, spreading, the veinlets copi- ously reticulate, prominent beneath; inflorescence many-branched, up to 40 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles closely stellate-tomentose, the bracts small, ovate, the peduncles racemosely arranged, 10-15 mm. long; hermaphrodite heads 5-6 mm. in diameter, the bractlets few, ovate-deltoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, acute, tomentellose without, the bracteoles submembranous, obovate-spatulate, 1-1.5 mm. long, tomentellose without; flowers glabrous, 4- or 5-merous, the calyx carnose, obconic, about 1 mm. long; petals oblong-deltoid, about 1 mm. long; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers less than 1 mm. long; summit of the ovary flat, the disk small, the styles 5, slender, free to the base, erect, about 0.5 mm. long. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Martinique. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 6. Oreopanax peltatus Linden; Regel, Gartenflora TAO S62: Oreopanax Salvinii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 16. 1878. Oreopanax jaliscana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 151. 1890. Aralia lobata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894. Slender tree, up to 15 m. high, the branchlets stout, terete, stellate-tomentellose, soon glabrous; leaves simple, the petiole straight, terete, up to 50 or rarely 60 cm. long, densely stellate-tomentose or glabrous, the blade coriaceous, suborbicular in outline, up to 50 cm. in diameter, truncate or deeply cordate (occasionally peltate) at the base, usually deeply 5- or 7-lobed, rarely 9-lobed, the sinuses rounded, cut one-half or two-thirds the length of the leaf, the lobes somewhat oblong, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, irregularly lobed or sinuate at the margins, the upper surface sparsely stellate-pilose when young, soon glabrous, the lower surface densely stellate-tomentellose (the hairs slender, 4-6-branched, stalked), frequently glabrous at maturity, the primary nerves 5—9, radiating, very prominent, the secondary nerves spreading, short, the veinlets copiously reticulate; inflorescence up to 45 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles stellate-pubescent, at length glabrous, the bracts broadly ovate, pubescent without, 3-10 mm. long, the heads racemosely arranged, the peduncles up to 15 mm. long; staminate heads 6-10 mm. in diameter, the bractlets small, ovate, tomentellose without, the bracteoles obovate-spatulate or linear, about 1.5 mm. long; calyx glabrous, about 1 mm. long; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long, puberulent or glabrous; filaments up to 3 mm. long, the anthers oblong, about 1 mm. long; style 1, carnose, short; hermaphrodite heads with about 10-13 flowers, the petals densely tomentellose without, the styles 2 (or 3), short, free to the base; fruits 5-10 per head, oblong-ovoid, 5-7 mm. long, glabrous, the styles recurved. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. DISTRIBUTION: Sonora and Chihuahua southward to Honduras, 1000-2300 m. In.usTRATIONS: Gartenflora 11: pl. 363; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 5: pl. 35 (as Oreopanax Salvinii); Nichols. Dict. Gard. 2: 522. 7. Oreopanax lachnocephalus Standley, Carn. Inst. Wash. PRubly4ol: 775 1935. Tree, up to 20 m. high, the trunk about 30 cm. in diameter, the branchlets stout, terete, brownish, ferruginous-tomentellose when young, at length glabrous; leaves simple, the petiole terete, striate, up to 20 cm. long or more, densely stellate-tomentellose, at length glabrous, the blade coriaceous, suborbicular in outline, up to 30 cm. in diameter, cordate at the base, 5- or Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 35 7-lobed about to the middle, the sinuses rounded, the lobes oblong, acuminate, entire at the margins, the upper surface glabrous (or sparsely pilose on the principal nerves), the lower sur- face densely ferruginous-stellate-tomentellose (the hairs 4-6-branched, stalked), the primary nerves prominent on both surfaces, the secondary nerves short, spreading, the veinlets copiously reticulate; inflorescence up to 25 cm. long and broad, the branches, peduncles, and bracts densely ferruginous-stellate-tomentellose, the bracts ovate, 4-6 mm. long, the heads single, racemosely arranged on the branches of the inflorescence, the peduncles stout, 10-17 mm. long, the hermaphrodite heads globose or slightly ovoid, 13-17 mm. in diameter, the bracteoles numerous, oblong- or linear-spatulate, 2-3 mm. long, copiously and persistently bright- ferruginous-tomentose without, the tomentum 2—3 mm. long; staminate flowers mixed with the hermaphrodite flowers, completely hidden by the bractlets, the calyx small, the limb truncate or minutely dentate; petals deltoid-oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, densely and persistently ferruginous-tomentellose without, the hairs forming a compact mass; filaments very short, the anthers oblong, less than 1 mm. long; style single, short, deciduous; fruits numerous, coriaceous, oblong-ellipsoid, 5-7 mm. long, the styles 2, separate to the base, 1-2 mm. long, soon deciduous, the seeds 2 (or 1). TYPE LocaALIty: British Honduras. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, 600 m. 8. Oreopanax geminatus Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47:91. 1879. Tree, about 5 m. high, the leaves lobed (according to Oersted); hermaphrodite inflores- cences copiously branched, the branches, bracts, and peduncles densely ferruginous-stellate- tomentose, the heads globose, 12-15 mm. in diameter, arranged in sessile pairs on stout pe- duncles 10-15 mm. long, the bractlets ovate, small, densely tomentose, the bracteoles thin- coriaceous, oblong-spatulate, about 3 mm. long, copiously and persistently bright-ferruginous- tomentose without, the tomentum 2—3 mm. long; fruits coriaceous, oblong or obovoid-oblong, 6-7 mm. long, the styles 2 or 3, spreading, free to the base, recurved, about 2 mm. long, soon deciduous, the seeds often only 1. TYPE LOCALITY: Segovia, northern Nicaragua. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 9. Oreopanax Liebmanni Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. Il. 47: 87. 1879. Aralia longifolia Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 87. 1894. Oreopanax microcephalum Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 6:71. 1903. (Nomen nudum.) Oreopanax meiocephalum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 37: 210. 1904. Oreopanax oligocarpum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 37: 210, assyn. 1904. Tree, up to 20 m. high, or epiphytic shrub, the branchlets slender, glabrous, rugose; leaves simple, glabrous, the petiole up to 15 cm. long, often swollen at the base and the apex, the blade narrowly elliptic or oblong or obovate, 10-25 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, attenuate to obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, pinnately veined, the costa usually raised above, prominent beneath, the secondary nerves 6-10 per side, short, ascending, inconspicuous; inflorescence often branched from the base, up to 15 cm. long and broad (usually not exceeding 8 cm.), the branches, bracts, and peduncles often stellate-puberu- lent when young, at length glabrous, the bracts small, inconspicuous, the peduncles up to 7 mm. long; staminate heads subglobose, 1.5—4 mm. in diameter, the bractlets and bracteoles few, essentially glabrous or stellate-puberulent, broadly ovate, small, the flowers 4-8 (or up to 15) per head, glabrous; calyx small, the limb short, truncate or undulate; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments short, the anthers oblong, small; style 1, carnose, short; her- maphrodite flowers often 2 (2-5) per head, resembling the staminate, the styles 5 (or up to 8), carnose, short; fruits usually 2 or 3 (or up to 5) per head, ovoid, 3-5 mm. in diameter, sur- mounted by the persistent recurved styles, the seeds 5 (or 8) or fewer. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz and Oaxaca southward to western Panama, 600-2600 m. 36 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, 10. Oreopanax Steyermarkii A. C. Smith, sp. nov.* Tree to 13 m. high, sometimes epiphytic and then small, the branchlets stout, terete, rugose, glabrous or sparsely pilose with pale sessile stellate many-branched hairs; leaves simple, the petiole stout, 2.5—-9 cm. long, swollen at the base and the apex, soon glabrate, the blade thick-coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-oblong, 15-30 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad, obtuse at the base, short-acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly recurved at the margins, glabrous above, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pilose beneath (the hairs sessile, many-branched), pinnately veined, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves 8-14 per side, erecto-patent, slightly raised or subimmersed above, elevated beneath, the veinlets immersed and obscure; staminate inflores- cence copiously branched, up to 12 cm. long and broad, the peduncles 2-5 mm. long, with the branches densely stellate-puberulent, the heads oblong-ellipsoid, 4-7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, 20-28-flowered, the subtending bracts and bracteoles inconspicuous, ovate, puberulent with- out; flowers 5-merous, the calyx obconic, 1—-1.5 mm. long and in diameter, the limb essentially truncate; petals membranous, oblong-deltoid, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments slender, short, the anthers oblong, about 1 mm long; styles 2, about 1 mm. long, free to the base; fruiting inflorescence up to 15 cm. long and broad, the rachis and branches stout, sparsely puberulent, the principal bracts coriaceous, broadly ovate, minute, the peduncles stout, about 1 cm. long, the fruits 2 or 3 per head; outer bracts of the head 2 or 3, broadly semiorbicular, 3-4 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad, rounded at the apex, puberulent without, the bracteoles 2 sub- tending each fruit, similar to the bracts; fruits coriaceous, strongly rugose when dry, subglobose, 6-8 mm. in diameter, the styles usually 5, free to the base, deciduous, the locules and seeds usually 5, the seeds large, about 3.5 mm. long. Type: Guatemala, Dept. Zacapa, Slopes of Monte Virgen, around summit of mountain, alt. 2200-2400 m., Stevermark 42649, Jan. 12 or 13, 1942 (in herb. Arnold Arb.). DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala, ait. 1400-2500 m., known from the type collection, from Sleyermark 48935, Dept. Huehuetenango, between Xoxlac and Nucapuxlac, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, and from Steyermark 48676, Dept. Huehuetenango, between Yulhuitz and Maxbal, Sierra de los Cuchu- matanes. 11. Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Dec. & Planch. Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 108. 1854. Aralia capitata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18. 1760. Hedera capitata Smith, Ic. Pict. pl. 4. 1790. Hedera frondosa Salisb. Prodr. 144. 1796. Botryodendrum capitatum Endl.; Heynh. Nom. 2:75. 1846. Sciadophyllum capitatum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 306. 1860. Oreopanax destructor Seem. Jour. Bot. 7: 351. 1869. Aralia ovata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894. Tree, frequently tall, sometimes epiphytic when young, glabrous throughout (except the inflorescences), the branchlets terete, rugose; leaves simple, the petiole slender, up to 30 cm. long (usually 6-13 cm.), the blade thin-coriaceous or papyraceous, ovate or elliptic or oblong- elliptic, up to 35 cm. long and 25 cm. broad (usually 10-15 7-10 cm.), acute to rounded (rarely cordate) at the base, short-acuminate (rarely merely acute) at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, the primary nerves usually 5, ascending from the base, often prominent, the secondary nerves few, ascending; inflorescence up to 20 cm. long and broad (rarely to 30 cm.), the branches and peduncles closely stellate-tomentellose or puberulent, soon glabrous, the bracts usually inconspicuous, the peduncles up to 10 mm. long; staminate heads globose or slightly elongate, 4-11 mm. in diameter, the bractlets and bracteoles deltoid or ovate, small, often stellate-tomentellose without, the flowers 10-25 per head; calyx small, the limb truncate or undulate; petals oblong, up to 2.5 mm. long; anthers short; styles | or 2, carnose, less than 1 mm. long; hermaphrodite heads usually 5—12-flowered, the styles 5-10; * Oreopanax Steyermarkii, sp. nov. ; Species foliorum laminis crasse coriaceis anguste elliptico- oblongis pinnatinerviis ad apicem breviter acuminatis subtus saepe obscure stellato- pilosis, capitulis masculis multifloris, capitulis fructiferis bracteas bracteolas fructusque magnos gerentibus distingui- tur; ab O. capitalo (Jacq.) Dec. & Planch. foliis angustis pinnatinerviis, ab O. Liebmanni Marchal foliis majoribus coriaceis et floribus masculis numerosis, a duobus bracteis bracteolisque sub fructu magnis differt; ab O. vestito A. C. Smith et O. Standleyi A. C. Smith foliis crasse coriaceis pinnati- nerviis, floribus masculis numerosis, fructibus paucis bracteis bracteolisque magnis subtentis facile distinguitur. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 37 fruits 2-12 per head, subglobose, 5-8 mm. in diameter, the styles recurved, short, soon decidu- ous, the seeds usually few. TYPE LocaLity: Martinique. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz and Chiapas to Cuba and Santo Domingo, and southward; also in South America; common, up to 1700 m. ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Am. pl. 61 (as Aralia capitata); Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Pict. pl. 91 (as Aralia capitata); Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 946 (as Hedera capitata); Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 5: 417. 12. Oreopanax Sanderianus Hemsl. Gard. Chron. ITI. 11:718. 1892. Tree to 15 m. high, or epiphytic shrub, the branchlets stout, terete, brownish, glabrous; leaves simple, glabrous, the petiole up to 40 cm. long, striate, the juvenile blade peltate, equally 3-lobed, up to 40 cm. in diameter, the lobes spreading, broadly deltoid, acute, entire at the margins, the mature blade variable, broadly ovate or deltoid, up to 27 cm. long and nearly as broad, rounded or cordate or truncate or shallowly peltate at the base, acute or gradually acuminate at the apex, entire at the margins (or the juvenile leaf-form sometimes persisting, the mature blade 3-lobed or rarely with an additional smaller pair of lobes at the base), the primary nerves 3 or 5, spreading from the base, prominent on both surfaces, the secondary nerves spreading; inflorescence up to 30 cm. long and broad, the branchlets and peduncles cinereous-puberulent, soon glabrous, the bracts ovate, 3-4 mm. long, the peduncles up to 5 mm. long; staminate heads 5-7 mm. in diameter, the bractlets few, small, deltoid, often connate, puberulent without or glabrous, the bracteoles inconspicuous, the flowers glabrous; calyx small, the limb membranous, somewhat undulate; petals oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long, often calyptrate; filaments short, the anthers less than 1 mm. long; styles 1 or 2, short; fruit-subtend- ing bracts and bracteoles conspicuous, broadly ovate, up to 3 mm. long and 5 mm. broad; fruits few (2-5 per head), subglobose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the styles 5-7 (usually 6), free to the base, spreading, about 1 mm. long, the seeds 5—7 or fewer. TYPE LocaLity: Guatemala. DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala and southern Mexico (Chiapas), 600-2000 m., often abundant. ILiystrations: Gard. Chron. III. 13: 451; Gartenflora 42: 344. 13. Oreopanax nubigenus Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 172315. 1927, Tree, up to 10 m. high, the branchlets nigrescent, stout, glabrous, conspicuously lenticel- late; leaves simple, glabrous, the petiole slender, 4-17 cm. long, the blade thin-coriaceous, broadly deltoid or rhomboid-ovate, 8-15 cm. long and nearly as broad, usually broadly cuneate at the base, abruptly and often obtusely acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, the primary nerves 5, spreading from the base, prominent, the veinlets reticu- late, often prominulous; fruiting inflorescences 9-17 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles cinereous-stellate-pilose, the bracts small, ovate, apiculate, the peduncles 8-15 mm. long; fruiting heads 10-15 mm. in diameter, the fruits 4-8 per head, glabrous, subglobose, 3-5 mm. in diameter, surmounted by 6 or 7 persistent recurved styles about 1 mm. long, the seeds 6 or 7. TYPE LocaLity: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 1500-2400 m. 14. Oreopanax platyphyllus Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47: 88. 1879. Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves simple, the petiole 15-30 cm. long, the blade coriaceous, suborbicular, 13-20 cm. long and broad, rounded at the base, tridentate, the teeth broadly deltoid, cuspidate, about 1 cm. long, the primary nerves 5, spreading from the base, prominent on both surfaces, the secondary nerves few, straight, ascending; fruiting inflorescence 8-12 cm. long, compactly paniculate, the heads about 10 mm. in diameter, sessile, 38 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, the bractlets ovate, about 2 mm. long, coriaceous, the fruits 5-8 per head, subglobose or ovoid, 3-4 mm. in diameter, sulcate, the styles usually 7, recurved. TYPE LOCALITY: Jocotepec (Oaxaca?). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 15. Oreopanax flaccidus Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47:84. 1879. Spreading shrub or tree, up to 8 m. high or more, the branchlets stout, densely pale- tomentose (the hairs stellate, long-stalked, many-branched); leaves simple, the petiole up to 12 cm. long, tomentellose, the blade papyraceous, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 20-28 cm. long, 10-17 cm. broad, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, scabrous above (the papillae numerous, sometimes puberulent), densely stellate-tomentose beneath (the hairs slender, few-branched, stalked), the primary nerves 3 or 5, ascending from near the base, the costa conspicuous, the secondary nerves few, spreading, the veinlets usually obscure; staminate inflorescence up to 20 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles stellate-pubescent, the bracts lanceolate, up to 20 mm. long, soon deciduous, the peduncles 10-13 mm. long, the heads racemosely arranged, elongate-globose, 5-8 mm. in diameter, the bractlets few, ovate, ferruginous- Been without, the bracteoles oblong-spatulate, the flowers glabrous; calyx small; petals oblong, 1-2 mm. long; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers small; style 1, carnose, up to 1.5 mm. iene TYPE LOCALITY: Huitamalco, Mexico. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo, Puebla, and Vera Cruz. 16. Oreopanax arcanus A. C. Smith, sp. nov.* Shrub about 8 m. high, or smaller and epiphytic, the branchlets stout, sparsely stellate- tomentellose or glabrous; leaves simple, the petioles stout, striate, (2—) 4-17 cm. long, glabrate, the blades papyraceous to subcoriaceous, ovate, 13-25 cm. long, 6-13 cm. broad, broadly obtuse to subcordate at the base, cuspidate or short-acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly recurved at the margins, smooth on both surfaces, sparsely pilose beneath with short-stalked stellate 4-6-branched hairs, sometimes scattered-pilose above, the primary nerves 5, spreading from near the base, raised on both surfaces (or the outer pair faint), the costa with several pairs of spreading arcuate lateral nerves, the veinlets usually immersed; staminate inflores- cence not seen; hermaphrodite inflorescence compactly paniculate, 5-7 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles tomentellose with pale stellate sessile or subsessile 4-6-branched hairs, the bracts subtending principal branches subfoliaceous in texture, lanceolate, 15-30 mm. long, the bracts subtending peduncles subcoriaceous, oblong-subulate, 2-5 mm. long, the peduncles stout, 9-13 mm. long; hermaphrodite heads subglobose, 5-7 mm. in diameter, com- posed of 2 or 3 flowers completely enclosed by the papyraceous strongly concave bracts and bracteoles; outer bracts of the head 2 or 3, broadly ovate, 2-3 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, obscurely apiculate at the apex, ciliolate at the margins, otherwise glabrous, the bracteoles 2 subtending and surrounding each flower, similar to the outer bracts but slightly smaller; flowers subglobose, about 2.5 mm. in diameter just before anthesis, the calyx strongly urceolate, carnose, truncate at the apex; petals usually 5, sometimes 4 or 6, membranous, deltoid, sub- coherent in a small calyptra about 1.7 mm. across; stamens usually 5, the filaments minute, the anthers oblong, about 0.8 mm. long; styles usually 5, stout, about 0.5 mm. long, free to the base. Tyre: Guatemala, Dept. Huehuetenango, Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixtahuac4n, alt. 1600-2800 m., Steyermark 50045, Aug. 15, 1942 (in herb. Arnold Arb.). DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala, known from the type collection and from prevcrmark 50025, Dept. Huehuetenango, above San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2400 m * Oreopanax arcanus, sp. nov.; frutex, foliis ovatis, ad apicem cuspidatis vel acuminatis, subtus sparse stellato- tomentellis; inflorescentiis hermaphroditis compactis paniculatis, ramis a bracteis lanceolatis subfoliaceis subtentis, eapitulis 2- vel 3-floris, floribus bracteis bracteolisque imbricatis arcanis; calyce urceolato truncato; petalis parvis in corolla calyptrata subconnatis; stylis liberis; ES flaccido Marchal affinis, tomento sparsiore, inflorescentia compacta, bracteis bracteolisque flores complectentibus differt. Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 39 17. Oreopanax Oerstedianus Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II. 47: 83. 1879. Tree, up to 10 m. high, or epiphytic shrub, the branchlets stout, terete, densely ferruginous- tomentose (the hairs stellate, 6-8-branched, the stalks very stout and conspicuous, about 2 mm. long, the branches inconspicuous), at length glabrescent; leaves simple, the petiole up to 15 cm. long, densely tomentose, especially toward the base, with hairs resembling those of the branchlets, at length glabrescent, the blade thin-coriaceous, ovate to elliptic, up to 30 em. long and 12 cm. broad (usually about 15 X 7 cm.), acute to rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, sparsely pilose above, especially on the nerves, or glabrous, stellate-tomentellose beneath (the hairs usually 4- or 5-branched, stout- stalked), 3-nerved from the base or essentially pinnately nerved, the costa prominent beneath, the lateral nerves 4-7 per side, ascending; inflorescence up to 20 cm. long and broad, the branches, bracts, and peduncles closely stellate-tomentose, the bracts small, soon deciduous, the peduncles 5-10 mm. long, the heads racemosely arranged; staminate heads ovoid, 3-6 mm. long, the bractlets and bracteoles small, stellate-pilose without, the flowers glabrous; calyx small; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments about 2 mm. long, the anthers small; styles 1 or 2, carnose, short; hermaphrodite flowers resembling the staminate, the styles 5 or 6, free to the base; young fruiting heads 5-8 mm. in diameter, the fruits 3-11 per head, globose- ovoid, the persistent styles recurved, about 1 mm. long, the seeds often few. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DIsTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 1300-2500 m. 18. Oreopanax vestitus A. C. Smith, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 324. 1940. Tree or shrub, to 15 m. high (or scandent?), the branchlets slender, densely ferruginous- tomentose (the hairs stellate, many-branched, short-stalked or subsessile), at length glabres- cent; leaves simple, the petiole up to 10 cm. long, densely tomentellose, at length glabrous, the blade thin-coriaceous, obovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 9-20 cm. long, 3.5—7 cm. broad, acute to rounded at the base, shortly callose-apiculate or acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, essentially glabrous above, stellate-tomentellose beneath (the hairs 4~9-branched, short-stalked or subsessile), 3-nerved from the base, the costa promi- nent, the secondary nerves few, ascending; staminate inflorescence terminal, up to 10 cm. long and broad, the branches, bracts, and peduncles ferruginous-stellate-tomentellose, the bracts linear-oblong, 1-2 mm. long, the peduncles slender, 4-9 mm. long, the heads racemosely arranged, subglobose, 3-5 mm. in diameter, the bracteoles minute; flowers 8-15 per head, glabrous, the calyx cupuliform, 1—1.3 mm. in diameter, the limb essentially truncate; petals 4 or 5, ovate-deltoid, 1.4—1.7 mm. long; filaments 3-3.5 mm. long at anthesis, the anthers nearly 1 mm. long; styles 2, about 0.5 mm. long; hermaphrodite inflorescence slightly more compact than the staminate, the peduncles 3-5 mm. long, the flowers 5—9 per head; calyx at anthesis 1.3-1.7 mm. in diameter; petals subconnate and calyptrate, about 1 mm. long and broad; filaments very short; styles 4 or 5, erect, free from the base, the locules 4 or 5; young fruits about 6 per head, the styles recurved. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica (Alajuela). DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, alt. 975-2000 m. 19. Oreopanax Standleyi A. C. Smith, Brittonia 2: 259. 1936. Tree, up to 10 m. high, the branchlets stout, ferruginous-tomentose when young (the hairs many-branched, stalked), soon glabrous and rugose; leaves simple, the petiole up to 17 em. long, striate, essentially glabrous, the blade thin-coriaceous, ovate to elliptic, 13-30 cm. long, 6-20 cm. broad, rounded to cuneate at the base, abruptly acuminate at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pilose above, stellate- tomentellose beneath (the hairs 4—7-branched, the stalks long, slender), at length glabrescent, the primary nerves 3 or 5, ascending from the base, prominent, the secondary nerves few, 40 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, ascending, the veinlets reticulate, inconspicuous; inflorescence up to 25 cm. long and broad, the branches, bracts, and peduncles stellate-tomentellose, the bractlets and bracteoles small, broadly ovate, puberulent without, the staminate flowers 15-20 per head, glabrous; calyx small, the limb inconspicuous, truncate; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments carnose, up to 3 mm. long, the anthers oblong, small; style carnose, short; hermaphrodite heads slightly larger than the staminate, the flowers 8-14 per head, about as large as the staminate, the styles 9-12, carnose, free to the base, erect; fruits usually 6-14 per head, subglobose, 2-3 mm. in diameter, the styles stout, recurved, about 1 mm. long, the seeds sometimes fewer than the styles. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DistTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 1600-2500 m. 20. Oreopanax costaricensis Marchal, Bull. Acad. Belg. II..47: 89. 1879. Tree, up to 10 m. high, glabrous throughout, the branchlets stout, rugose; leaves simple, the petiole slender, 7-15 cm. long, the blade thin-coriaceous, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 9-13 em. long and 4-8 cm. broad, attenuate or acute at the base, rounded at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, 3- or 5-plinerved from the base, the principal nerves slightly raised on both surfaces, the secondary nerves few; inflorescence 5- or 6-branched from the base, the primary branch paniculate, up to 25 cm. long, the bracts inconspicuous, the peduncles 7-15 mm. long; staminate heads 5-7 mm. in diameter, the bractlets and bracteoles ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, the flowers glabrous, 12-15 per head; calyx small, the limb erect, undulate; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long; filaments up to 2 mm. long, the anthers small; styles 1 or 2, carnose, short; fruits few (3 or 4 per head), oblong-ovoid, up to 7 mm. long, surmounted by 8-10 short recurved free styles, the seeds often fewer. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and western Panama, 1500-2700 m. 21. Oreopanax Donnell-Smithii Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. LAS lSe2 W927. Oreopanax capitatum {. scandens Marchal; Durand & Pittier, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30!: 281. 1891. Tree, the branchlets stout, terete, closely stellate-tomentellose when young, soon gla- brous; leaves simple, the petiole slender, up to 35 cm. long, the blade papyraceous, broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, up to 35 cm. long and nearly as broad (usually about 20 cm. long), broadly rounded at the base and often deeply cordate (the smaller leaves obtuse at the base), rounded at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, glabrous, the primary nerves 5 or 7, spreading from the base, prominent, the secondary nerves few, spreading, the veinlets obscure; inflorescence up to 40 cm. long and 30 cm. broad, copiously branching, the branches and peduncles minutely cinereous-stellate-pubescent, the bracts inconspicuous, the peduncles 5-12 mm. long; bractlets and bracteoles broadly ovate or suborbicular, about 1 mm. long, usually glabrous; staminate flowers glabrous, 15—25 per head; calyx small, the limb mem- branous; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long; filaments to 3 mm. long, the anthers short; style 1, short; hermaphrodite flowers about 6 per head, resembling the staminate, the styles 8-10; fruits 3-7 per head, globose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, the styles recurved, the seeds 10 or fewer, oblong, flattened. TYPE LocaLity: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 500-2200 m. 22. Oreopanax guatemalensis Dec. & Planch.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1:573. 1881. Sciodaphyllum sp. Lemaire, Fl. Serres 3: Misc. No. 44. 1847. Aralia guatimalensis [sic] Hort.; Lemaire, Fl. Serres 3: Misc. No. 44. 1847. Sciadophyllum guatemalense Lemaire; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 573, assyn. 1881. Shrub or small tree, sometimes epiphytic, the branchlets stout, terete, rugose, glabrous (the young parts stellate-puberulent) ; leaves simple, the petiole slender, striate, (3—) 7-15 (rarely Part 1, 1944] ARALIACEAE 41 to 40) cm. long, swollen at the base and the apex, the blade coriaceous, elliptic- or obovate- rhomboid, up to 35 cm. long and nearly as broad (frequently 15-20 cm. long), obtuse to cordate (usually broadly cuneate) at the base, rounded at the apex, entire and narrowly revolute at the margins, glabrous, the primary nerves usually 5 (3-7), spreading from the base, prominent, the secondary nerves few, spreading, the veinlets reticulate, frequently prominulous beneath; inflorescence up to 25 cm. long and broad, the branches often flexuose, with the peduncles densely stellate-puberulent (glabrous in old fruit), the bracts deltoid, 2-7 mm. long, puberu- lent, the peduncles 3-10 mm. long; staminate heads ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, the bractlets and bracteoles broadly ovate, closely puberulent without, 1-2 mm. long, the flowers glabrous, 25-35 per head; calyx-limb truncate or nearly so; petals oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long; filaments up to 2.5 mm. long, the anthers small; styles 1 or 2, carnose, short; fruits 3-5 per head, sub- globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, the styles 5—7, recurved. TYPE LocaLity: Guatemala. : DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, and western Honduras. 23. Oreopanax pycnocarpus Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 31:113. 1901. Oreopanax latissimum Cufod. Archivio Bot. 9: 198. 1933. Tree, up to 10 m. high, often epiphytic when young, the branchlets stout, ferruginous- stellate-tomentose when young; leaves simple, the petiole 8-17 cm. long, deeply striate, stellate- tomentellose or glabrous, the blade coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 15—25 cm. long, 7-20 em. broad, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, rounded at the apex, entire and slightly revolute at the margins, glabrous or minutely stellate-puberulent above, glabrous or stellate-pubescent (the hairs slender, 4- or 5-branched, stalked) beneath, the primary nerves 3 or 5, ascending from the base, prominent, the secondary nerves few, ascending, the veinlets reticulate, often prominulous; inflorescence often 2- or 3-branched from the base, compact, up to 13 cm. long and broad, the branches and peduncles stellate-tomentellose, the bracts deltoid, about 2 mm. long, soon deciduous, the peduncles stout, up to 10 mm. long; staminate heads ovoid, 5—7 mm. long, the bractlets and bracteoles ovate, 1-2 mm. long, densely pilose without; flowers glabrous, 25-40 per head; calyx small, the limb truncate; petals 5 or 6, oblong, about 2 mm. long; filaments about 1.5 mm. long, the anthers small; style 1, carnose, short, tapering; fruiting heads ovoid, at maturity 20-30 mm. long, 16-22 mm. broad, the fruits 20-40, obovoid, often sharply angled, 7-8 mm. long, the styles 6 or 7, recurved, less than 1 mm. long, the seeds 6 or 7. TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica. DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, 1800-2500 m. : 1 ‘ (. \ \ 1 iy Ai ty ium : / { ie + 4 ay Pi abi i { ‘ a r A iy i. : Y ike ae i 74 4" a4 } { bt. ern ‘ ? ; r a : wt 7 Hy § ’ ‘ ’ ‘ : i Sata) ree i am ha ‘ ; L ‘7 alt io ae . hed Nis aE Nee i a a Oe ak Tae wat Dr ne 4 i, j t i fi i ae F , ' i wk ea, ‘i aT) } hw. 4 ee” # ia i i I Gt f WY r eae {1 isan ‘ 2 , ne reba A tee 6 he a AMEN 1 i I ot Abe Hai it i Lt ij i I , i Wy i gh aN ew ‘ i’ CALE: 1 Tai M ‘ee Oa i ‘ Vivo oe Family 2, UMBELLIFERAE By Mitprep E. MaTuias AND LINCOLN CONSTANCE Herbaceous plants, rarely woody at base, acaulescent or caulescent, annual or perennial, with commonly hollow stems. Leaves alternate, or rarely oppo- site, or basal, compound or sometimes simple, usually much incised or divided, with usually sheathing petioles. Flowers small, regular, in simple or compound umbels, or the umbels sometimes proliferous or capitate; rays sometimes sub- tended by bracts forming an involucre; umbellets usually subtended by bractlets forming an involucel. Calyx-tube wholly adnate to the ovary; calyx-teeth obsolete or small. Petals 5, usually with an inflexed tip. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, with one ana- tropous ovule in each cell; styles 2, sometimes swollen at the base, forming a stylopodium. Fruit consisting of two mericarps united by their faces (com- missure), flattened dorsally (parallel to the commissure), laterally (at right angles to the commissure), or terete, each mericarp with 5 primary ribs, one down the back (dorsal rib), two on the edges near the commissure (lateral ribs), and two between the dorsal and lateral ribs (intermediate ribs), and rarely with secondary ribs, the ribs filiform to broadly winged, thin or corky; oil-tubes obsolete or present in the intervals (spaces between the ribs) and on the com- missural surface, rarely also in the pericarp; mericarps 1-seeded, splitting apart at maturity, usually suspended from the summit of a slender prolongation of the axis (carpophore). Embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous. Inflorescence a distinct umbel with evident rays and usually evident pedicels, more or less spreading, never capitate. Umbels simple, rarely proliferous. Key 1. Umbels variously compound. Ovary and fruit armed with bristles, prickles, tubercles, papillae, or callous teeth. Key 2. Ovary and fruit not armed, sometimes pubescent. Ovary and fruit terete in cross-section or flattened laterally; ribs of the fruit not prominently winged. Annuals, slender, mostly low and diffuse, caulescent, rarely pubescent; leaves mostly small, the leaflets usually linear to filiform; flowers white or rosy (yellow or purple in Donnellsmithia) ; stylopodium depressed to conic (lacking in Donnellsmithia). Key 3. Biennials or perennials, acaulescent or caulescent, glabrous or pubescent (annuals in Bupleurum and Pimpinella); leaves mostly larger, the leaflets broader; flowers white, yellow, or purple; stylopodium lacking or present. Low acaulescent or short-caulescent plants, subscapose or with slender, naked, unbranched peduncles from a cluster of basal leaves. Key 4. Tall caulescent plants with several to many stem-leaves. Key 5. Fruit flattened dorsally; some or all of the ribs winged. Fruit with both lateral and dorsal wings developed or the dorsal ribs prominent. Key 6. Fruit usually strongly flattened dorsally, the dorsal wings absent, the dorsal ribs filiform or obsolete, the lateral wings more or less prominent. Key 7. Inflorescence capitate, with obsolete rays and pedicels, or reduced to a single axillary flower, not a distinct umbel. Key 8. 43 44 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Key l. Foliage stellate-pubescent to glabrate; ovary and fruit stellate-pubescent or glochidiate to glabrate. Foliage never stellate-pubescent; ovary and fruit glabrous or pubescent, never stellate-pubescent nor glochidiate. peaves reduced to fistulose, transversely septate phyllodes borne at the nodes. Leaves with definite, entire or divided blades. Plants low, with slender creeping stems or rootstocks frequently rooting at the nodes. Leaves pinnate; peduncles obsolete; umbels 1- or 2-flowered. Leaves entire or parted, never pinnate; peduncles present; umbels more-than-2-flowered. Involucre wanting or inconspicuous; carpels with 3 acute or obsolete, primary dorsal ribs; secondary dorsal ribs obso- lete, not reticulated. Involucre of 2 conspicuous, ovate to suborbicular bracts; carpels with 3 prominent, filiform, primary dorsal ribs and 2 secondary dorsal ribs, somewhat reticulated. Plants more or less erect with leafy stems, or the peduncles arising from a cluster of basal leaves. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, with basal leaves only; leaves pinnately nerved; seed-face concave to deeply sulcate. Plants glabrous from fascicled tuberous roots; pedicels slender, 5-85 mm. long; fruit ovoid to ellipsoid-cordate. Plants more or less pubescent, from long slender taproots; pedicels stouter, 1-8 mm. long; fruit oblong, tapering toward the apex, rounded at the base. Plants caulescent with leafy stems, usually branching; leaves palmately nerved; seed-face plane to convex. Leaves cuneate at base, entire or 3-lobed; upper leaves much reduced; involucre shorter than or equaling the pedicels; pedicels 3-4 mm. long. Leaves not cuneate at base, entire, crenate, or repand; upper leaves not conspicuously reduced; involucre much shorter than the pedicels; pedicels obsolete to 40 mm. long. Stems simple or with few alternate branches; leaf-blades reniform; petioles naked; fruit ellipsoid-cordate, about twice as broad as long, 2 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. Stems dichotomously branching; leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, acuminate; petioles tufted at the apex with setulose hairs; fruit ovoid, usually longer than broad, 2-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, rounded at the base. Key 2. Ovary and fruit armed with uncinate or barbed bristles or prickles or merely tuberculate or papillate. Fruit with primary ribs filiform, setulose or bristly, the secondary ribs prominent to winged with hooked or barbed bristles, the inter- vals naked. Petals cuneate to obovate; fruit flattened laterally, armed with un- cinate bristles; seed-face deeply sulcate. Petals obcordate, unequally cleft; fruit flattened dorsally, with some or all of the bristles glochidiate; seed-face shallowly concave to nearly plane. Fruit with both primary and secondary ribs filiform or obsolete, papillate to tuberculate throughout, the tubercles: frequently armed with uncinate bristles. Leaves entire, with usually parallel venation. Leaves compound, with pinnate or palmate venation. Plants biennial or perennial; flowers greenish, yellow, or purple, in usually many-flowered capitate umbellets, the sterile flowers frequently in separate umbellets; calyx-teeth conspicuous, per- sistent. Plants annual; flowers white; umbellets not capitate, usually few- flowered, the sterile flowers mixed with the fertile; calyx- teeth obsolete to evident. Plants glabrous except the fruit; petals plane or with the apex scarcely inflexed; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit ovoid, sub- globose, or ellipsoid-cordate, 1.5—2 mm. long, about as broad. Involucel present; carpophore 2-cleft at the apex; stylo- podium low-conic; fruit slightly constricted at the commissure. [VOLUME 28B, 6. BOWLESIA. 61. LiLagopsis. 1. AscrIapIuM. 2. HyDROCOTYLE. 3. CENTELLA. 8. NEOGOEZIA. 32. OREOMYRRHIS, 7. ASTERISCIUM. 4. MICROPLEURA. 5. SPANANTHE. 26. CAUCALIS. 27. Daucus. 46. BUPLEURUM. 9. SANICULA. 11. SPERMOLEPIS. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE Involucel wanting; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; stylo- podium depressed; fruit strongly constricted at the commissure. Plants hispid-pubescent; petals with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth evident; fruit ovoid or oblong, 3-6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad. Ovary and fruit bristly-hispid, the bristles never uncinate nor barbed nor armed with callous teeth. Fruit oblong-ovoid to ovoid, rounded at base and apex, with prominent scabrous ribs, the lateral with corky appendages or callous teeth; seed-face plane to concave; petals plane, without an inflexed apex. Fruit ovoid to narrowly oblong, attenuate to beaked at the apex, attenu- ate at the base, with obsolete or rounded primary ribs, the sec- ondary ribs obsolete (except in Cuminum), variously bristly or hispid; seed-face concave to sulcate; petals with a narrower in- flexed apex. Plants perennial; leaves ternate-pinnate, the leaflets large, lanceolate to orbicular, serrate to pinnately lobed; outer petals not radiant; fruit caudate at the base. Plants annual or biennial, rarely perennial; leaves ternate-pinnately or pinnately decompound, the leaflets small, filiform to oval, entire to pinnatifid; outer petals often radiant; fruit not caudate at the base. Fruit attenuate or narrowed at the apex into a conspicuous beak not differentiated from the body; carpophore 2-lobed part way to the base or 2-parted. Involucre present; calyx-teeth longer than the styles; the 3 secondary ribs prominent, bristly. Involucre usually wanting; calyx-teeth obsolete; secondary ribs obsolete. Fruit conspicuously beaked, the beak differentiated from the body; carpophore entire or bifid at the apex. Involucel of lobed or dissected bractlets; beak elongate, sev- eral times longer than the body, hispid on the margins. Involucel of entire bractlets; beak shorter than the body, glabrous. Key 3. Outer flowers usually radiant; fruit globose to ellipsoid, the ribs filiform to obscure, the pericarp very thin and hard; oil-tubes wanting. Petals oblong; calyx-teeth prominent, acute, often unequal; fruit not at all constricted at the commissure, the mericarps not separating readily at maturity; seed flattened dorsally in cross section. Petals obovate or obcordate with a narrower inflexed tip; calyx-teeth evident to obsolete; fruit conspicuously constricted to a narrow commissure, the mericarps separating readily; seed subterete in cross section. Outer flowers rarely radiant; fruit globose to oblong, some or all of the ribs distinct, frequently corky, rarely filiform to obscure (in Spermo- lepis, A piastrum, Donnellsmithia) ; oil-tubes present. Fruit with prominent, corky, more or less winged, contiguous lateral ribs usually forming a prominent band around the fruit. Plants more or less scabrous throughout; fruit usually scabrous, the pericarp composed almost exclusively of strengthening cells. Plants glabrous, or with the inflorescence somewhat squamose-pubes- cent. Involucel dimidiate, the bractlets longer than the flowers; outer petals radiant; calyx-teeth obsolete. Involucel not dimidiate, usually shorter than the pedicels; outer petals not radiant; calyx-teeth evident to prominent. Leaves ternately-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions laciniate; petals with an elongate, broad, 2-lobed, inflexed apex; carpophore divided to the base. Leaves palmately or pinnately compound or decompound, the ultimate divisions entire; petals plane or the inflexed tip short and entire; carpophore subentire to bifid. Fruit heaked; carpophore subentire; cauline leaves pal- mately divided, with 3-5 leaflets. Fruit not beaked; carpophore bifid; cauline leaves pin- nately divided with 2-9 leaflets or finely dissected. Petals with an inflexed apex; fruit orbicular in cross section with mostly inconspicuous lateral] ribs. Petals plane; fruit elliptical in cross section, with promi- : nent corky lateral wings. Fruit ae subequal ribs, rarely winged, usually corky, rarely filiform or obscure. Involucre of conspicuous, entire or divided bracts (or wanting in Chaerophyllum); involucel of conspicuous, entire or divided bractlets. 10. 30. SE 54. 60. 64. 63. 65. 45 APIASTRUM. . TORILIS. . AMMOSELINUM, OSMORHIZA. CuMINUM. . CHAEROPHYLLUM . SCANDIX. . ANTHRISCUS. CoRIANDRUM. BIFORA. . AMMOSELINUM. AETHUSA. . Daucosma. CyYNOSCIADIUM. PTILIMNIUM. LIMNOSCIADIUM. 46 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Wbele 1—20-rayed; fruit linear to narrowly oblong, 4-10 mm. ong. Plants glabrous or pubescent; involucre usually wanting; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit glabrous or hispid, the ribs prominent, unwinged, the seed-face sulcate. Plants glabrous; involucre of foliaceous, entire or divided bracts; calyx-teeth prominent, linear, unequal; fruit gla- brous, the primary ribs obsolete, the secondary ribs promi- nently corky, the seed-face plane or slightly concave. Dnibels 50-100-rayed; fruit ovoid-oblong to oblong, 1.5—5 mm. ong. Involucre and involucel wanting or inconspicuous. Carpophore 2-cleft at the apex; stylopodium short-conic. Sheaths scarious-margined; involucel absent; fruit glabrous, the ribs narrow, subequal, obtuse, prominent. Sheaths not scarious-margined; involucel present; fruit usually tuberculate or echinate, the ribs filiform to obscure, never prominent. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base; stylopodium depressed. Flowers yellow; fruit glabrous; Mexico. Flowers white; fruit usually papillate; California. Key 4. Leaves entire or reduced to fistulose septate phyllodes. Involucel-bractlets conspicuous, foliaceous, entire or toothed, often connate. Involucre of 2-6 bracts; rays 5-35 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad; Yukon and Alaska to Wyoming and Montana. Involucre absent or of 1 bract; rays 4-7 mm. long; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; Nayarit. Involucel-bractlets wanting or inconspicuous. Eisate from tuberous roots; leaves not reduced; western United tates. Plants from long fusiform roots; leaves reduced to fistulose septate phyllodes; Mexico and South America, Leaves variously compound. Stylopodium conic or low-conic. Leaves ternately-pinnately decompound, the leaflets linear to ovate; involucel inconspicuous or wanting; pedicels slender, spreading- ascending. Leaves 1-2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to orbicular; involucel conspicuous; pedicels obsolete or short and flattened or winged. Stylopodium wanting, at least at maturity. Plants from tuberous roots; mericarp with a corky projection ex- tending down the middle of the commissural face its entire length. Involucel of a few minute bractlets or wanting; petals with a narrower inflexed tip; mericarps not kidney-shaped; western United States. Involucel of foliaceous, entire, oblong or spatulate bractlets longer than the flowers or fruit; petals without an inflexed apex; mericarps kidney-shaped; eastern United States. Plants from taproots; mericarps without a projection on the com- missural face. Involucel inconspicuous; oil-tubes numerous, scattered through- out the pericarp. Involucel dimidiate or subdimidiate, more or less conspicuous; oil-tubes few, not scattered throughout the pericarp. Leaves subcoriaceous, ternate-subpinnate, the leaflets ovate, obtuse, confluent; mericarp with 7 conspicuous, obtuse, corky ribs, appearing corrugated in the immature fruit. Leaves membranaceous, pinnately or ternately compound, the leaflets mostly linear to oblong; mericarp with 5 fili- form to winged ribs. Carpophore wanting; ribs corky-winged, the wings broadly linear to subovate in cross section; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section; strengthening cells at the base of the wings. Carpophore present; ribs not winged, sometimes promi- nent; seed subterete in cross section; strengthening cells absent or inconspicuous. Plants tomentose, rarely glabrate; inflorescence sub- capitate; pedicels of sterile flowers filiform, elongate, longer than the fruit and rays, those of the fertile flowers obsolete; fruit tomentose to rarely glabrate. 29. 48. 41. M5(s 16. 10. 46. 17. 15s 19. Sl. Bye Ne 14. 39. 40. 68. [VOLUME 28B, . CHAEROPHYLLUM. ‘TREPOCARPUS. AmMI. APprumM. SPERMOLEPIS. DONNELLSMITHIA. APIASTRUM. BUPLEURUM. ‘TAUSCHIA. OROGENIA. OTTOA, LIGUSTICUM. PoODISTERA. OROGENIA. ERIGENIA. NEOPARRYA. RHYSOPTERUS. OREOXIS. OREONANA. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE Plants glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent, never tomen- tose; inflorescence of loose or compact umbels; pedicels of sterile flowers inconspicuous, those of the fertile flowers present; fruit glabrous or scabrous. Ribs prominent, acute or obtuse and corky, and the calyx-teeth evident or conspicuous. Seed-face plane to concave; leaflets linear to orbicular, 4-35 mm. long, 0.5-10 mm. broad; Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Basin. Plants scaberulous, at least in the inflores- cence; fruit scaberulous to glabrate; oil- tubes usually several in the intervals. Plants glabrous to puberulent, never scaberu- lous; fruit glabrous; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, Seed-face deeply sulcate; leaflets oblong to oval, 30-80 mm.long, 20-50 mm. broad; California and Baja California. Ribs filiform, or if prominent the calyx-teeth mi- nute, never conspicuous. Key 5. Inflorescence of irregularly compound umbels; leaves simple, repand or rarely crenate, with palmate venation. Inflorescence of regularly compound umbels; leaves pinnate or ternately compound, rarely entire, with pinnate or parallel venation. Plants annual; leaves entire, the cauJine usually sessile and clasping, auriculate or perfoliate, with parallel venation. Plants perennial (annual in Pimpinella); leaves compound, rarely entire, the cauline usually petiolate, not clasping, nor auriculate, nor perfoliate, with pinnate venation. Leaves ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately compound, the leaflets distinct, mostly large, lanceolate to suborbicular or obo- vate, variously serrate, dentate or lobed, occasionally incised. Leaves ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets usually somewhat confluent, small, filiform to ovate, pin- nately incised to parted. Key 5A. Flowers purple; ribs winged. Plants pubescent; fruit contracted below the seed to form a short, winged, stipe-like base. Plants glabrous and glaucous; fruit not contracted below the seed. Flowers white or yellow, rarely purple; ribs never winged, or narrowly winged and the flowers white. Plants pubescent; flowers purple; fruit contracted below the seed to form a short, winged, stipe-like base. Plants glabrous, rarely pubescent (in Arracacia and Pim pinella); flowers white or yellow (rarely purple in Arracacia) ; fruit not contracted into a stipe-like base. Flowers bright vellow; stylopodium lacking. Leaflets entire; involucel wanting. Leaflets serrate or dentate; involucel present. Leaflets callous-margined; rays webbed at the base; flowers all pedicellate. Leaflets not callous-margined; rays not webbed at the base; central flower of each umbellet sessile. Flowers white or greenish-yellow, rarely purple; stylopodium de- pressed to conic. Involucel of numerous, usually conspicuous, foliaceous bractlets (wanting in Cicwta); ribs prominent, corky, subequal or unequal, or the entire pericarp thick and corky; mostly aquatic or semiaquatic plants. Calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; fruit ovoid to ellipsoid; styles short, spreading to reflexed. Leaves conspicuously heteromorphic; plants stoloniferous; ribs filiform, obscure in the thick corky pericarp. Leaves homomorphic; plants not stoloniferous; ribs evi- dent, corky, subequal or unequal. Leaflets lanceolate to suborbicular; umbels subsessile in the axils and terminal on the branches, the ter- minal mostly short-pedunculate. Leaflets linear-lanceolate to ovate; umbels terminal on the branches, mostly long-pedunculate. Involucre of conspicuous subfoliaceous bracts; rays few; ribs subequal in cross section. 37. MUSINEON 38. ALETES. 17. Tauscuta. 17. TauscHta. 4. MICROPLEURA. 46. BUPLEURUM. Key 5 A. Key 5 B. 67. COULTEROPHYTUM. 66. COAXANA. 67. COULTEROPHYTUM. 34. TAENIDIA. 20. ARRACACTA. 35. Zizta. 55. BERULA. 41. Aprum. 56. Strum. 48 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Involucre wanting or of few inconspicuous bracts; rays usually numerous; ribs unequal in cross section. Calyx-teeth usually Janceolate, forming a persistent conspicu- ous corona on the fruit; fruit oblong; styles erect, elongate and rigid after anthesis. Involucel wanting, rarely conspicuous, rarely foliaceous; ribs not conspicuously prominent, not corky, subequal, fili- form or obscure. Fruit ellipsoid-cordate; bractlets of the involucel filiform, longer than the fruit; Mexico and Central America. Fruit orbicular to linear-oblong; bractlets of the involucel never filiform, or if filiform shorter than the fruit. Leaflets oftea falcate, cartilaginous-serrate; ribs broader than the intervals. Leaflets not faleate, rarely cartilaginous-serrate; ribs nar- rower than the intervals. Plants from tuberous or fusiform fascicled roots; in- volucel of usually scarious or colored bractlets; calyx-teeth conspicuous. Plants from slender or thick fascicled roots, taproots, or rootstocks; involucel wanting or foliaceous, never scarious nor colored; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute. Fruit linear-oblong to linear-fusiform, usually sev- eral times longer than broad; plants from slender or thick fascicled roots. Flowers white; oil-tubes evident; fruit narrowed toward base and apex; seed-face plane; east- ern United States. Flowers greenish yellow; fruit rounded at base and apex; oil-tubes obscure or wanting; seed- face deeply sulcate; western United States. Fruit orbicular to oblong, usually 2—3 times longer than broad; plants from creeping rootstocks, deep-seated tubers, or taproots. Ribs narrowly winged. Ribs not winged. Involucel usually wanting; oil-tubes obscure; seed-face plane. Involucel usually present; oil-tubes evident; seed-face sulcate or concave. Leaves usually heteromorphic; outer pet- als usually radiant; introduced weeds. Leaves homomorphic; petals equal; Mex- ico and Central America. Key 5B. Plants subcespitose; carpophore entire; fruit conspicuously constricted at the commissure, granular-roughened. Plants not cespitose; carpophore usually 2-cleft to the base or bifid, rarely entire or wanting; fruit usually not conspicuously constricted at the commissure, not granular-roughened. Involucel of numerous, usually foliaceous bractlets; ribs prominent, corky, or the entire pericarp thick and corky; aquatic or semi- aquatic. Calyx-teeth usually lanceolate, forming a persistent conspicuous corona on the fruit; fruit oblong; styles erect, elongate and rigid after anthesis. Calyx-teeth minute to obsolete; fruit ovoid to globose; styles short, spreading to reflexed. Leaves conspicuously heteromorphic; plants stoloniferous; ribs filiform, obscure in the thick, corky pericarp. Leaves not conspicuously heteromorphic; plants not stoloniferous; ribs evident, corky. Involucel present or absent; ribs obscure to somewhat prominent, never corky; mostly of dry land. Plants glaucous, with strong anise odor; involucel wanting. Plants rarely glaucous, without anise odor; involucel usually present. Involucre of numerous, entire or divided, more or less conspicuous bracts. Plants with spotted stems; ribs undulate, crenate; introduced weed. Plants without spotted stems; ribs neither undulate nor crenate. Involucel of usually scarious or colored bractlets; calyx- teeth conspicuous; rays few, 5-25. 58. 59. 49. to i) 51. 45. 36. 47. 50. [VoLUME 28B, CicuTa. OENANTHE. NEONELSONIA. FALCARIA. . PERIDERIDIA. . CRYPTOTAENIA. . OSMORHIZA. LIGUSTICUM. AEGOPODIUM. . PIMPINELLA. . ARRACACIA. HARBOURIA. . OENANTHE. . BERULA. . SIuM. . FOENICULUM. ConruM. PERIDERIDIA. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE Involucel of green bractlets; calyx-teeth minute; rays numerous, 50-100. Involucre wanting or inconspicuous. Involucre and involucel usually wanting; flowers yellow or purple; stylopodium depressed or lacking. Involucre present or absent, the involucel usually present; flowers usually white or pinkish (greenish-yellow to purple in Arracacia and Petroselinum); stylopodium conic. Plants hispid; fruit beaked; oil-tubes obscure. Plants glabrous or somewhat puberulent; fruit not beaked; oil-tubes evident. Stems procumbent to erect, forming a semiglobose clump; petals without an inflexed tip; Haiti. Stems all erect; petals with a narrower inflexed tip. Flowers yellow or purple. Involucel shorter than the flowers; fruit 2—4 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. broad, little longer than broad; introduced weeds. Involucel longer than the flowers; fruit 3-12 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, 2-3 times longer than broad; Mexico and Central America. Flowers white or pinkish. Plants without a fibrous root-crown; pedicels unequal; introduced weeds. Plants from fibrous root-crowns; pedicels sub- equal. Calyx-teeth minute to evident; fruit glabrous. Calyx-teeth prominent; fruit pubescent. Key 6. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, low, usually slender; stems sub- scapose. Leaflets with cartilaginous crenate-dentate margins, densely white- tomentose beneath; maritime. Leaflets with margins not cartilaginous, variously incised or lobed, gla- brous or hirtellous; not maritime. Calyx-teeth obsolete or evident, ovate to deltoid. Subcaulescent to caulescent; peduncles conspicuously hirtellous- pubescent at the base of the umbel. Acaulescent to subcaulescent; peduncles glabrous to rarely sca- berulous. Calyx-teeth prominent, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, often unequal. Plants caulescent, mostly tall, sometimes stout; stems leafy. Involucre of several 3-cleft bracts; involucel similar. Involucre and involucel of entire bracts and entire or rarely cleft bract- lets or wanting. Stylopodium present, conic. Annual, with a strong anise odor; involucel usually wanting. Perennial, without an anise odor; involucel usually present. Pedicels reduced to a tomentose disk; fruit cuneate-obovoid. Pedicels slender, spreading; fruit oblong-oval to orbicular. Leaflets broad and distinct, serrate, dentate, or lobed. Involucre and involucel of numerous conspicuous, scari- ous, reflexed bracts and bractlets; wings subequal. Involucre wanting or of a few foliaceous bracts; involu- cel present, foliaceous, or absent; lateral wings broader than the dorsal. Petiolules with a membranous or glandular-tufted stipular ring; bractlets of the involucel usually cleft or divided, rarely entire; fruit oblong to linear, 10-20 mm. long; Costa Rica and Panama. Petiolules without a stipular ring; bractlets of the involucel entire; fruit orbicular to obovoid, 3-18 mm. long; United States to Guatemala. Rays 2-20; pedicels 1-6; flowers greenish-yellow or purplish; dorsal ribs slender; seed-face slightly concave to sulcate or involute. Rays 5-45; pedicels numerous; flowers white, pink, or purplish; dorsal ribs thick; seed-face plane. ‘ Leaflets pinnately lobed or dissected into narrow segments. Plants perennial; fruit 4-6 mm. long, 2—3.5 mm. broad. Plants annual; fruit 2.5—3 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad; introduced weed on ballast. Stylopodium absent. Calyz-teeth prominent, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, often un- equal. 51. Sie 69. 49 . AMMI. . DONNELLSMITHIA. . ANTHRISCUS. . PEDINOPETALUM. . PETROSELINUM. . ARRACACIA. . CARUM. LIGUSTICUM. SESELI. GLEHNIA. . PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. 70. CYMOPTERUS. 7). die 78. 81. . PTERYXIA. . EURYTAENIA. ANETHUM. SPHENOSCIADIUM. LEVISTICUM. MyRRHIODENDRON, . RHODOSCIADIUM. . ANGELICA. . CONIOSELINUM. . CNIDIUM. . PTERYXIA. 50 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Calyx-teeth obsolete or evident, ovate. Plants from long slender taproots; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; western United States, Mexico, and Central America. Caulescent; peduncles glabrous or pubescent throughout; involucel not dimidiate; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute; fruit 7-20 mm. long, 3-12 mm. broad; seed-face slightly concave to involute. Subcaulescent to caulescent; peduncles conspicuously hir- tellous-pubescent at the base of the umbel; involucel dimidiate; calyx-teeth ovate, evident; fruit 3-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad; seed-face plane. Plants from a fascicle of fibrous roots; carpophore wanting; eastern United States. Key 7. Leaves, at least the cauline, decompound with filiform to linear segments. Stylopodium present, depressed to conic. Stylopodium lacking. Plants usually stout, tall, with many large stem-leaves; seed-face slightly concave to involute; Mexico and Central America. Plants usually slender, low, with no or few small stem-leaves; seed- face plane; United States and northern Mexico. Fruit with a corky projection extending down the middle of the commissural face of each mericarp. Fruit without a corky projection on the mericarp. Peduncles conspicuously hirtellous-pubescent at the base of the umbel. Peduncles glabrous or pubescent throughout. Leaves pinnate, ternate, or ternate-pinnately compound, with broad, entire, serrate, crenate, or lobed leaflets, or the leaves reduced to hollow, acute, septate phyllodes. Stylopodium lacking. Leaves 2—3-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets remote, oblong to ovate, entire or rarely with a basal lobe; involucel wanting. Plants caulescent from subfusiform tubers; peduncles not swollen at the apex; eastern United States. Plants acaulescent or with | stem-leaf from a long thickened tap- root; peduncles swollen at the apex; western United States. Leaves ternate-pinnate or pinnate, the leaflets more crowded, oblong to obovate, crenate to incised-lobed; involucel present. Dorsal ribs somewhat prominent; seed-face slightly concave to involute; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, each division usually bifid; Mexico and Central America. Dorsal ribs filiform to obscure; seed-face plane to slightly concave; divisions of the carpophore not bifid; United States. Calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; stem-leaves few; western United States. Calyx-teeth ovate, acute or acuminate; stem-leaves several; eastern United States. Stylopodium present. Peduncles verticillate; fruit caudate; Mexico and Central America. Peduncles not verticillate; fruit not caudate. Plants slender, from fascicled tubers or fibrous roots; leaves sim- ply pinnate or ternate, sometimes reduced to phyllodes, frequently glaucous; marshes and low ground. Petals with a narrow inflexed apex; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit strongly flattened dorsally. Petals plane; carpophore shortly bifid; fruit slightly flattened dorsally. Plants stout, from taproots or fascicled fibrous roots; leaves pin- nately or ternately compound, not reduced. Outer petals of the inflorescence radiant and often 2-cleft; plants tomentose-pubescent; oil-tubes extending only part way from the apex to the base of the mericarp. Outer petals of the inflorescence neither radiant nor 2-cleft; plants not tomentose, sometimes glabrous; oil-tubes extending the full length of the mericarp. Leaves pinnate; involucel usually wanting; flowers yellow or red. Leaves mostly twice-pinnate or ternate-pinnate; involucel usually present; flowers white, pink, purple, or greenish-yellow. Leaves ternate, the leaflets usually 3-parted, sharply serrate and incised. Leaves ternately-pinnately or pinnately divided, the leaflets not 3-parted, variously incised, serrate, or dentate. 73. 72. 83. 82. 86. 87. 82. 87. 88. 84. 85. 65. 91. 90. 89. [VOLUME 288, . PRIONOSCIADIUM. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. ‘THASPIUM. RHODOSCIADIUM. PRIONOSCIADIUM. . OROGENIA. . PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. . LoMATIUM. PSEUDOTAENIDIA. LomaTium. PRIONOSCIADIUM. LoMATIUM. POLYTAENIA. ENANTIOPHYLLA. OxyYPo_is. LIMNOSCIADIUM. HERACLEUM. PASTINACA. IMPERATORIA. ParT 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 51 Rays 2-20; pedicels 1-6; flowers greenish-yellow or purplish; dorsal ribs slender; seed-face slightly concave to sulcate or involute. 83. RHODOSCIADIUM. Rays 5—4+5; pedicels numerous; flowers white, pink, or purplish; dorsal ribs thick; seed-face plane. 76. ANGELICA. Key 8. Inflorescence reduced to a solitary axillary flower. 1. AScrIADIUM. Inflorescence capitate with many flowers. Fruit winged, not squamose. 70. CYMOPTERUS. Fruit not winged, ribless, variously squamose. 92. ERYNGIUM. 1. ASCIADIUM Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 118. 1866. Low, herbaceous, glabrous annuals with filiform, creeping stems, rooting at the nodes. Leaves often rosulate at the lower nodes, petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate with 5 crenate to lobed leaflets. Inflorescence a solitary axillary flower or a simple two-flowered umbel; peduncles obsolete, the flowers pedicellate to subsessile in the axils. Involucre, involucel, and tays obsolete. Flowers white or greenish; petals ovate-oblong, acute, without an inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Immature fruit ovoid, flattened laterally, glabrous. Type species, Asciadium coronopifolium Griseb. 1. Asciadium coronopifolium Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 118. 1866. Low, creeping annuals, rooting at the nodes, the internodal distance about 2 cm.; leaves pinnate, 4-9 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad; leaflets 5, the lower remote, crenate to deeply lobed, the terminal leaflet cuneate, 3-lobed, the divisions 2-3 mm. long and about as broad; petioles slender, 4-6 mm. long; pedicels 4-5 mm. long, shorter than the leaves; immature fruit ovoid. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Cuba occidentalis,” Wright 2633. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 2. HYDROCOTYLE L. Sp. Pl. 234. 1753. Hydrocotile Crantz, Inst. 2: 140. 1766. Hidrocotile Neck. Delic. 136. 1768. Low, glabrous or pubescent, herbaceous perennials with slender creeping stems or root- stocks, rooting at the nodes. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, peltate or non-peltate, entire or parted to the base. Petioles slender, non-sheathing. Inflorescence usually a simple umbel, sometimes proliferous or an interrupted spike; peduncles axillary, obsolete to much longer than the leaves. Involucre wanting or present. Pedicels spreading to reflexed. Flowers white, greenish, or yellow; petals ovate, plane; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; stylopodium conspicuously conic to depressed. Fruit orbicular or ellipsoid, strongly flattened laterally, the dorsal surface rounded or acute; dorsal ribs acute or obsolete; lateral ribs conspicuous, slender, acute, or rarely obsolete; mericarp orbicular to triangular in cross section; oil-bear- ing cells conspicuous to obsolete; seed ovate to ovate-oblong in cross section, the face plane to concave; strengthening cells surrounding the seed cavity. Type species, Hydrocotyle vulgaris 1. Leaves peltate. Inflorescence a simple umbel, not proliferous. Fruit sessile or subsessile. Petiole and leaf-blade more or less pubescent; dorsal surface of the fruit rounded, lateral ribs absent. Petioles glabrous to densely retrorse-villous; peduncles about equaling the leaves; fruit glabrous to sparingly hirsute, oil-bearing cells absent. 1. H. pusilla. Petioles glabrous; peduncles exceeding the leaves; fruit gla- brous, oil-bearing cells present. 2. H. Brittonii. Petiole and leaf-blade glabrous; dorsal surface of fruit somewhat expanded, lateral ribs evident. 3. H. pygmaea. Fruit pedicellate. Leaves 5-75 mm. in diameter; peduncles usually longer than the leaves; umbels many-flowered. 4. H. umbellata. NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B or to Leaves 3.5-8 mm. in diameter; peduncles shorter than the leaves; umbels 1—3-flowered. 5. H. oligantha. Inflorescence a proliferous umbel or an interrupted spike. Inflorescence usually unbranched. Petioles glabrous. Inflorescence often bifurcate; fruit sessile or subsessile; pedicels usually less than 2 mm. long. 6. H. verticillata. Inflorescence rarely bifurcate; fruit pedicellate; pedicels 1—20 mm. long. Leaves 5-60 mm. in diameter; pedicels 1-10 mm. long. 6a. H. verticillata var. triradiata. Leaves 3-20 mm. in diameter; pedicels 4-20 mm. long. 6b. H. verticillata var. cubensis. Petioles more or less pubescent. Leaves 10-27 mm. in diameter; petioles sparsely villous-hir- sute; peduncles 10-12 mm. long. 6c. H. verticillata var. Fetherstoniana. Leaves 3-9 mm. in diameter; petioles pilose or with white, sub- retrorse, lanate hairs; peduncles 15-30 mm. long. 7. H. lanipes. Inflorescence profusely branched. 8. H. bonariensis. Leaves not peltate. Leaves glabrous. Fruit sessile. 9. H. sibthor pioides. Fruit pedicellate. Umbels subsessile; leaves shallowly lobed. 10. H. americana. Umbels pedunculate; leaves lobed about to the middle. 11. H. vanunculoides. Leaves variously pubescent. Inflorescence a simple umbel. Leaves angulate-lobed, the lobes elongate, acute or acutish. 12. H. ribifolia. Leaves not angulate-lobed, entire or with shallow, broadly rounded lobes. Fruit sessile; peduncles shorter than or about equaling the leaves. Leaves 7-8-lobed; fruit glabrous. 13. H. Torresiana. Leaves 5-lobed; fruit hispidulous. 14. H. bowlesioides. Fruit pedicellate; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves. Leaves more or less appressed-strigose above and below; umbels 25—70-flowered. 15. H. mexicana. Leaves not appressed-strigose, sparingly pubescent; umbels 20-30-flowered. 16. H. leucocephala. Inflorescence an interrupted spike. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces. 17. H. hirsuta. Leaves glabrous beneath. 17a. H. hirsuta var. leptostachys. 1. Hydrocotyle pusilla A. Rich. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 167. 1820. Not H. pusilla R. Br. 1820. Hydrocotyle brevipes DC. Prodr. 4: 63, ex descr. 1830. Hydrocotyle costaricensis Rose; Rose & Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: 195. 1927. Stems filiform; leaves thin, orbicular-peltate, excluding the petiole 3-20 mm. long, 4-16 mm. broad, shallowly 5—8-lobed, the lobes crenate, glabrous to sparsely villous above, glabrous beneath; petioles slender, 5-35 mm. long, glabrous to densely retrorse-villous; inflorescence a simple umbel, the peduncles about equaling the leaves, 5-15 mm. long, glabrous to retrorse- villous; involucre of a few thin lanceolate, acute bracts; umbels 2—6-flowered, the flowers sessile to subsessile; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit ovoid in general outline, about 0.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, sparingly hirsute to glabrous, the dorsal surface rounded, the ribs obsolete, the commissural face plane; oil-bearing cells absent; seed oblong-ovate in cross section. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘Dans les lieux arides des environs de Montevideo,” Uruguay, Commerson. DIsTRIBUTION: Haiti, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico; Mexico to Panama, extending through South America to Brazil and Uruguay; 2500-7800 feet. (Ekman H1249, Pittier 10,355.) InLustRatTIons: Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 52, f. 2; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: pl. 72, f. 2. 2. Hydrocotyle Brittonii Mathias, Brittonia 2: 239. 1936. Stems glabrous, filiform; leaves thin, peltate, orbicular, 4-11 mm. in diameter, 6—7-nerved, shallowly 6—7-crenately lobed, the crenations 1—3-crenulate, the crenulations truncate to sub- truncate, glabrous to sparsely setulose above, glabrous beneath; petioles filiform, glabrous, 3-14 mm. long; inflorescence a simple umbel; peduncles longer than the leaves, 3-16 mm. long, filiform, glabrous; involucre of conspicuous oyate-lanceolate, scarious bracts; umbels Part 1, 19441 UMBELLIFERAE 53 l- or 2-flowered, the flowers subsessile; fruit ellipsoid in general outline, about 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal surface rounded, the ribs obsolete, the commissural surface rounded, narrowly oblong in cross section; oil-bearing cells present; seed ovate in cross section. TYPE LOCALITY: Banks, Morel’s Gap, vicinity of Cinchona, Jamaica, Brition 177. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 3. Hydrocotyle pygmaea C. Wright; Sauv. Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana 6:97. 1869. Plants glabrous; stems filiform; leaves thin, orbicular-peltate, excluding the petioles 3-6 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, shallowly 5—7-lobed; petioles filiform, 3-15 mm. long; inflorescence a simple umbel; peduncles about equaling the leaves, 8-15 mm. long; involucre inconspicuous; umbels 1-3-flowered, the flowers greenish, sessile to subsessile; fruit ellipsoid in general outline, 1-1.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the dorsal surface somewhat expanded, narrowly oblong in cross section, with 2 distinct lateral ribs, the commissural surface plane; oil-bear- ing cells present. Type Locatity: ‘‘A la orilla de las lagunas circa del potrero San Julian, Nueva Filipina,’’ Cuba, Wright 3571. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba (Britton 7181, Shafer 10,789). 4. Hydrocotyle umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 234. 1753. Hydrocotyle umbellulata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 161. 1803. Hydrocotyle incrassatum Raf. Fl. Ludov. 81. 1817. Not H. incrassatum Ruiz & Pav. 1802. Hydrocotyle polystachya A. Rich. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 171. 1820 Hydrocotyle polystachya var. quinqueradiata Thouars; A. Rich. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 171. 1820. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. umbellulata DC. Prodr. 4:60. 1830. Hydrocotyle petiolaris DC. Prodr. 4:60. 1830. Hydrocotyle fluitans DC. Prodr. 4:69. 1830. Hydrocotyle Caffra Meissn. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 529. 1843. Hydrocotyle scaposa Steud. Flora 26: 763. 1843. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. microphylla Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 269. 1879. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. scaposa Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 270. 1879. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. intermedia Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 270. 1879. Stems slender to somewhat fleshy, floating or creeping; leaves orbicular-peltate, excluding the petioles 5-75 mm. in diameter, crenate or crenately lobed, glabrous; petioles mostly slender, 0.5—40.5 cm. long, glabrous; peduncles usually longer than the leaves, 1.5-35 cm. long, glabrous; umbels simple, many-flowered; pedicels 2-25 mm. long, spreading and re- flexed; stylopodium depressed; fruit orbicular to ellipsoid in general outline, 1-2 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the dorsal surface acute, the dorsal and lateral ribs evident, obtuse; strength- ening cells absent. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘America” (Virginia), Clayton 429. DiIsTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas; Oregon and California, south to Panama and South America; Bermuda and the West Indies; coastal plains and along streams below 8000 feet. (Curtiss 5676, Ekman H5653.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pl. J; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 52, f. 3; pl. 53, f. 4; Bot. Gaz.,12: pl. 4, f. 43, 44 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 649; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 270, oO oe 5. Hydrocotyle oligantha Urban, Repert. Nov. Sp. 24:7. 1927. Plants glabrous; stems filiform, creeping; leaves thin, peltate, orbicular, 3.5-8 mm. in diameter, 7—9-nerved, 7—9-crenulate, the crenulations truncate to subtruncate; petioles slender, about 15-35 mm. long; peduncles shorter than or about equaling the leaves, slender, up to 25 mm. long; umbels simple, 2- (rarely 1- or 3-)flowered; pedicels ascending, 5-25 mm. long; immature fruit suborbicular, rounded at the base, 2 mm. broad. Type LOCALITY: ‘Prov. Oriente prope Bayate ad lapides in Rio Jagua,’’ Cuba, Ekman H8578. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 54 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 6. Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Diss. Hydrocot. 2. 1798. Not H. verticillata Turcz. 1849. Hydrocotyle vulgaris sensu Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 161. 1803. Not H. vulgaris. 1753. Hydrocotyle interrupta Muhl. Cat.30. 1813. Hydrocotyle vulgaris var. verticillata Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 301. 1805. Hydrocotyle vulgaris var. communis Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 356. 1826. Hydrocotyle interrupta var. tuberosa DC. Prodr. 4:59. 1830. Hydrocotyle interrupta var. platyphylla DC. Prodr. 4: 667. 1830. Hydrocotyle cuneata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 28. 1900. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. cuneata Jepson, Madrofio 1: 124. 1923, Plants glabrous; stems filiform, creeping; leaves orbicular-peltate, 5-60 mm. in diameter, 7-14-veined, shallowly 8—13-lobed, the lobes crenate; petioles slender, 0.5—26 cm. long; inflores- cence an axillary, simple, interrupted, once or twice bifurcate (rarely trifurcate or quadri- furcate) spike, 1.5-17 cm. long, with 2-7 few-flowered verticils, the interverticillar distance 2-60 mm., the flowers sessile or subsessile; involucre of a few inconspicuous lanceolate bracts; fruit ellipsoid, 1-3 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the dorsal surface acute, narrowly rounded to cuneate at the base, oblong in cross section, the dorsal and lateral ribs distinct, acute, the commissural surface constricted; oil-bearing cells conspicuous; seed oblong- ovate in cross section. TYPE LocaLity: Not given by Thunberg; a collection of Michaux from ‘‘America’”’ cited by A. Richard. DISTRIBUTION: Massachusetts to Florida, west to Missouri and Texas; southern Utah, Cali- fornia, New Mexico, and Arizona, south to Mexico; Bermuda, Jamaica, and the West Indies. (Cur- tiss 5377, Suksdorf 563.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Thunb. Diss. Hydrocot. pl.; Thunb. Diss. Acad. 2: pl. 3; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 4, f. 49, 50 (fr.); Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 25; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 649; Britton, Fl. Ber- muda 273; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 269, f. 53, 54. 6a. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. triradiata (A. Rich.) Fernald, Rhodora 41: 437. 1939. Hydrocotyle tribotrys R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: 24. 1802. Hydrocotyle polystachya var. triradiata A. Rich. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 171. 1820. Hydrocotyle racemosa DC. Prodr. 4: 70. _ 1830. Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. tribotrys G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 249. 1834. Hydrocotyle prolifera Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1:15. 1854; ed. 2.1: 14. 1873. Hydrocotyle natans sensu Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 69. 1859. Not H. natans Cyrill. 1788. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. ? ambigua A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 190. 1867. Not H. ambigua Pursh, 1814. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. tenella Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 268. 1879. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. 13-nervis Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 268. 1879. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. longipedunculata Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 268. 1879. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. pluriradiata Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 268. 1879. Hydrocotyle Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 103. 1887. Hydrocotyle ambigua B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N.Y. 21. 1888. Not H. ambigua Pursh 1814. Hydrocotyle australis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 28. 1900. Hydrocotyle trilobulata Gand. Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 65:31. 1918. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. racemosa Mathias, Brittonia 2: 204. 1936. Leaves 5-60 mm. in diameter, 8-14-nerved, shallowly 8—-14-lobed; petioles slender, 1.5- 35 cm. long; inflorescence an axillary, interrupted, simple or rarely branched spike, 8-22 em. long, with few 4-15-flowered verticils, the interverticillar distance 4-40 mm., the flowers pedicellate, the pedicels 1-10 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sesse & Mocino. DISTRIBUTION: Massachusetts to Florida to southern Nevada and California, south through Mexico and Central America to Chile, Paraguay, and northern Argentina; Cuba, Haiti, and Puerto Rico; coastal and lower elevations. (Curtiss 5376, Heller 1935, Leonard 12,209.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Moc. & Sessé, Calq. Dess. pl. 425; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 4, ft. 45, 47; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 117; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 649. 6b. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. cubensis Rose; Mathias, Brittonia 2: 240. 1936. Stems weak, spreading; leaves 3-20 mm. in diameter, 10-veined; petioles 0.7—10 cm. long; inflorescence a simple, axillary, interrupted spike, 3.5-11 cm. long, with few 7—10-flowered Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 55 verticils, the interverticillar distance 3-20 mm., the flowers pedicellate, the pedicels 4-20 mm. long, spreading. TYPE LocALity: In mud along Rio Canto, Paso Estancia, Oriente, Cuba, Shafer 1649. DisTRIBUTION: Cuba and Dominican Republic (Pollard 314, Wright 214). 6c. Hydrocotyle verticillata var. Fetherstoniana* (O. Jennings) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 240. 1936 Hydrocotyle Fetherstoniana O. Jennings; Fetherston, Torreya 32:7. 1932. Leaves 10-27 mm. in diameter, shallowly 6—7-lobed; petioles slender, 2-10 cm. long, sparsely villous-hirsute; inflorescence an axillary, unbranched, interrupted spike, shorter than the leaves, 10-12 mm. long, with 1-2 few-flowered verticils, the interverticillar distance 0.5—2 mum.; flowers sessile or subsessile, whitish; commissural surface of the fruit plane; oil-bearing cells obsolete. TYPE Locality: Fetherston Garden, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, originally collected in moist woods along a stream in virgin forest, one mile north of Washington Hunt, Wyoming County, New York, and a few miles east of Letchworth Park, July 1926, Edith Fetherston. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 7. Hydrocotyle lanipes Urban & Ekman; Urban, Ark. Bot. 22A": 42. 1929. Stems filiform, creeping, glabrous; leaves thin, peltate, suborbicular, 3-9 mm. in diameter, 7-nerved, 7-crenate, the crenations 2—3-crenulate, sparsely setulose near the margins above, glabrous beneath; petioles 3-15 mm. long, pilose or with white, subretrorse, lanate hairs; inflorescence a simple, axillary, interrupted spike, 15-30 mm. long, with 1-5 few-flowered verticils; flowers subsessile; peduncles filiform, more or less pilose; involucre of triangular- lanceolate or lanceolate bracts; fruit suborbicular, 0.7—-0.8 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, glabrous. TYPE LocALITy: Haiti, ‘‘Central Plain prope Belladere ad Riviere Jouan-de-Vere, ubi via ad Savanette cum rivulo ducussatur, in lapide,”’ Ekman H5640. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 8. Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. Encyc. 3: 153. 1789. Hydrocotyle multiflora R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: 24. 1802. Hydrocotyle bonariensis var, multiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 60. 1830. Hydrocotyle bonariensis var. texana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 15: 259. 1890. Hydrocotyle umbellata var. bonariensis Speg. Anal. Soc. Ci. Argent. 48:54. 1899. Hydrocotyle yucatanensis Millsp. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 2: 81. 1900. Plants glabrous; stems slender, creeping; leaves orbicular- to ovate-peltate, excluding the petioles 1.2-12 cm. in diameter, shallowly 12-19-lobed, the lobes crenate; petioles slender, 2-37.5 cm. long; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2.5-35 cm. long; umbels proliferous, many- flowered; pedicels 2-20 mm. long, spreading and reflexed; involucral bracts lanceolate, acute; flowers white to yellow; stylopodium depressed; fruit ellipsoid, 1-2 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the dorsal surface acute, the dorsal and lateral ribs evident, acute, the commissural surface constricted. TYPE LocaLiry: ‘“‘Aux environs de Monte-Video (Uruguay), pres de Buenos Ayres (Argentina), dans les sables voisins de la mer,”’ Sellow. DISTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida west to Texas, south through Mexico and Central America to Panama; Puerto Rico; South America, to Brazil, northern Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile. (Curtiss 5922, Pringle 6359.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. 5: pl. 488; Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 14: pl. 5, f. 7; R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: pl. 246; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11): pl. 72, f. 1. 9. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Encyc. 3: 153. 1789. Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21. 1814. Not H. rotundifolia Wall. 1828. Stems filiform, creeping, glabrous; leaves not peltate, suborbicular, 5-10 mm. in diameter, shallowly 7-lobed, the lobes crenate, the apical crenation slightly longer than the lateral, * As “‘ Featherstoniana.” 56 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, glabrous; petioles very slender, 5—20 mm. long, glabrous; peduncles filiform, longer than the leaves, 5-20 mm. long, glabrous; umbels not proliferous, 3—-10-flowered; styles persistent; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit sessile, orbicular in general outline, 1-1.5 mm. long and about as broad, glabrous, the dorsal and lateral ribs evident, filiform. Type Locauity: “A I’Isle de France”’ (Mauritius) ; collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Malaya to Mauritius; introduced and established in lawns, reported from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Kentucky, and Indiana. ILLUSTRATIONS: Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, 2: pl. 564; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 650; L. H. Bailey, St. Cycl. Hort. 1624. 10. Hydrocotyle americana 1. Sp. Pl. 234. 1753. Not H. americana Walt. 1788. Stems filiform, branching and creeping, the stolons slender, tuberiferous; leaves thin, orbicular to ovate, not peltate, excluding the petioles 5-45 mm. long, 7-60 mm. broad, shal- lowly 6-10-lobed, the lobes crenate, glabrous; petioles slender, 1-11 cm. long, glabrous; umbels axillary (or borne on the petioles), sessile to subsessile, 2-7-flowered, the pedicels 0.5—1 mm. long; involucre absent; flowers greenish-white; fruit suborbicular, about 1.5 mm. long and broad, the dorsal surface acute, the dorsal and lateral ribs evident, acute, the commissural surface plane; oil-bearing cells absent. TypE LOCALITY: ‘In America septentrionali,’’ Kalm. plano Newfoundland to North Carolina, west to Wisconsin (Biltmore Herb. 4003a, ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 55, f. 10; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 4, f. 51; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 650; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 592; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 269, f. 52. 11. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. 177. 1781. Hydrocotyle americana Walt. Fl. Car. 113. 1788. Not H. americana L. 1753. Hydrocotyle natans Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neap. 1: 20. 1788. Hydrocotyle cymbalarifolia Muhl. Cat. 30. 1813. Hydrocotyle batrachioides DC. Prodr. 4: 667. 1830. Hydrocotyle adoénsis Hochst.; Hoppe & Fiirnrohr, Flora 24!: Intell. 28. 1841. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides a genuina Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111; 284. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides 6 natans Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 284. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides var. lobata Urban in Mart. FI. Bras. 111: 283. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides var. inciso-crenata Urban in Mart. FI. Bras. 11!: 284. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides B adoensis Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 284. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides y brasiliensis Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 284. 1879. Hydrocotyle ranunculodes {sic] f. minima Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 33: 114. 1898. Stems slender to somewhat fleshy, floating or creeping; leaves not peltate, roundish- reniform with a sinus at the base, excluding the petioles 5-80 mm. long, 5-80 mm. broad, 5—6-lobed about to the middle, the lobes crenate or lobulate, glabrous; petioles mostly slender, 1-34.5 cm. long, glabrous; peduncles shorter than the leaves, axillary, 4-60 mm. long, glabrous; umbels simple, 5—10-flowered; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, spreading and ascending; stylopodium depressed; fruit suborbicular, 1-3 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the dorsal surface rounded, the ribs obsolete; strengthening cells absent. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Mutis. DISTRIBUTION: Pennsylvania and Delaware to Florida, west to Arkansas, Texas, and Arizona; Vere south along the coast to Panama; Cuba; also in South America. (Curtiss 5888, Elmer ILLustRaTIONs: Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 58, f. 18; pl. 59, f. 20; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11): pl. 76, f. 3; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 4, f. 53; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 650; Madrofio 1: 123; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 269, f. 55. 12. Hydrocotyle ribifolia Rose & Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. e960 19270 Stems somewhat stout, creeping, more or less hirsute; leaves not peltate, orbicular in general outline, 40-90 mm. long, 40-100 mm. broad, angulately 5-lobed, the lobes serrate to in- cised, the terminal lobule elongate, acute or acutish, somewhat hirsute above on the nerves and veins, more or less densely divaricate-hirsute beneath especially on the nerves; petioles stout, Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 57 3-14 cm. long, divaricate-hirsute with yellowish hairs especially toward the apex; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-5 cm. long, essentially glabrous; umbels not proliferous, 20-35- flowered; pedicels glabrous, spreading and reflexed, 3-5 mm. long; flowers greenish-white, the styles persistent; stylopodium depressed; fruit orbicular in general outline, 1.5-2 mm. long and broad, shallowly emarginate at base and apex, glabrous, one carpel usually abortive, the dorsal ribs obscure, the lateral slender, distinct. Typr LocaLity: Moist forest, Cerro de Las Vueltas, Provincia de San José, Costa Rica, alt. 3000 meters, Standley & Valerio 43506. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Standley ‘& Valerio 43,749, 43,799). 13. Hydrocotyle Torresiana Rose & Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 796s 1927. Stems slender, creeping, sparingly hirsute; leaves not peltate, roundish-reniform with a sinus at the base, excluding the petioles 4-20 mm. long, 5-25 mm. broad, shallowly 7—8-lobed, the lobes rounded, serrate, the apical lobule slightly elongate, hirsute especially on the nerves and veins; petioles slender, 0.5—7 cm. long, reflexed-hirsute especially above; peduncles shorter than or about equaling the leaves, axillary, slender, 5-35 mm. long, subglabrous to densely hirsute with reflexed or spreading hairs; umbels not proliferous, many-flowered, globose; styles persistent, the stylopodium depressed; fruit sessile, ellipsoid in general outline, about 1 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs evident, acute, the lateral somewhat obscure. TYPE LOCALITY: Wet potrero on the southern slope of Volean de Turrialba, near the Finca del Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica, alt. about 2400 meters, Standley 34950. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Standley 35,105, 35,232). 14. Hydrocotyle bowlesioides Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 151. 1942. Stems slender, creeping, hirsute; leaves not peltate, roundish-reniform with a sinus at the base, excluding the petioles 10-20 mm. long, 15-30 mm. broad, shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes obtusely triangular, crenate, subequal, hirsute on both surfaces; petioles slender, 1-12 cm. long, reflexed-hirsute especially above; peduncles much shorter than the leaves, axillary, slender, 2-12 mm. long, sparsely hirsute; umbels not proliferous, 2-10-flowered, globose; styles persistent, the stylopodium depressed; fruit sessile, ellipsoid in general outline, about 1 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, finely hispidulous in the intervals, the ribs evident, acute, subequal. TYPE LOCALITY: Wet pasture, Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui, north slope of Central Cordillera, between Poas and Barba volcanoes, Costa Rica, alt. 1740 m., Skutch 3573. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 15. Hydrocotyle mexicana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 208. 1830. Stems slender, creeping or suberect, glabrous to hirsutulous; leaves not peltate, orbicular- reniform, excluding the petioles 8-75 mm. long, 15—90 mm. broad, the mature leaves averaging about 30 mm. in breadth, 7-11-lobed, the lobes crenate, the apical lobule somewhat elongate, sparingly to densely appressed-strigose on the nerves and veins; petioles slender, 1-23 cm. long, hirsute especially toward the apex; peduncles usually longer than the leaves, slender, axillary, 0.5-20 cm. long, more or less hirsute; umbels not proliferous, 25—70-flowered, globose, compact; pedicels glabrous, 1-7 mm. long, spreading and reflexed; petals green; stylopodium depressed; fruit suborbicular to ellipsoid in general outline, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the lateral and dorsal ribs evident, acute. TYPE LOCALITY: “In sylvis umbrosis prope Jalapam,”’ Mexico, Schiede & Deppe 416. DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico to Panama, extending to central Ecuador; sea level to 11,500 feet. (Heyde & Lux 3350, Pringle 6030.) 58 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 16. Hydrocotyle leucocephala Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 364. 1826. ? Hydrocotyle citrodora R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: 26. 1802. Hydrocotyle leucocephala var. truncatiloba Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 279. 1879. Hydrocotyle chamaemorus var. citrodora Reiche, Fl. Chile 3:54. 1902. Hydrocotyle Hazenii Rose; Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 48: 335. 1922. Hydrocotyle Maxonii Rose; Rose & Standley, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: 197. 1927. Stems slender, creeping, glabrous; leaves not peltate, orbicular-reniform, 10-55 mm. long, 10-75 mm. broad, 9-1 1-nerved, truncate-crenate to very shallowly lobed with the lobes truncate, subentire, undulate or crenate, the middle crenation equaling or shorter than the lateral, glabrous or sparingly pubescent; petioles 1.5-20 cm. long, pilose especially toward the apex with reflexed or divaricate hairs; peduncles longer than the leaves, 5-10 cm. long, pilose espe- cially toward the apex with somewhat crispate reflexed hairs; umbels not proliferous, 20—30- flowered; pedicels glabrous, spreading and reflexed, 1-3 mm. long; styles persistent, the stylo- podium depressed; fruit ellipsoid or suborbicular, about 1 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal and lateral ribs filiform, acute. Type LocaLity: “In Provincia Rio de Janeiro in graminosis humidis circa urbem,”’ Brazil, Beyrich. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca to Costa Rica, south to Bolivia and Brazil; sea level to 8200 feet. (Seler 3399a, Standley 37,302, 46,838.) 17. Hydrocotyle hirsuta Sw. Prodr. 54. 1788. Not H. hirsuta Blume 1825-1826. Hydrocotyle spicata Lam. Encye. 3: 153. 1789. Hydrocotyle brachystachya DC. Prodr. 4: 68. 1830. Hydrocotyle hirsuta var. spicata Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 114: 282. 1879. Hydrocotyle spicata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 82. 1894. Stems slender, creeping, glabrous; leaves not peltate, reniform to suborbicular-cordate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-45 mm. long, 6-55 mm. broad, shallowly 5-—9- lobed, the lobes crenate, villous-hirsute to setiform-pilose on both surfaces; petioles slender, 0.3-11.5 em. long, densely villous; inflorescence a densely villous, axillary, interrupted spike, 2-15 em. long, with 4-27 few-flowered verticils, the interverticillar distance 1-14 mm.; in- volucre of a few lanceolate, entire or lobed, sometimes lacerate, acute bracts; flowers sessile or subsessile, greenish-white; fruit ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, the dorsal surface rounded, the ribs obsolete, the commissural surface plane; oil-bearing cells absent; seed oblong-ovate in cross section. TYPE LOCALITY: “In silvis montosis Hispaniolae, in humidis umbrosis,’’ Dominican Republic, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico (Leonard 4475, Wright 213). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 57, f. 15. 17a. Hydrocotyle hirsuta var. leptostachys* (A. Rich.) Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 282. 1879. Hydrocotyle leptostachys A. Rich. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: 191. 1820. Leaves 8-20 mm. long, 9-22 mm. broad, 5—7-lobed, sparsely setiform-pilose above, gla- brous beneath; petioles 5—50 mm. long, glabrate to villous; inflorescence slightly villous, 3-9.5 em. long, with 3-9 few-flowered verticils, the interverticillar distance 5-22 mm.; the entire plant less pubescent and the inflorescence less compact than in the species. Tvpr Loca.ity: ‘“‘Mexique, dans la province de Loxa,” Humboldt & Bonpland (error, since this is probably Peru). DISTRIBUTION: Cuba and Dominican Republic (Curtiss 581, Wright 2634). ILLustTRaTIoN: Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 57, f. 16. 3. CENTELLA L,. Gen. Pl. ed. 6. 485. 1764. Trisanthus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 175. 1790. Glyceria Nutt. Gen. 1: 177. 1818. Chondrocarpus Nutt. Gen. 2: errata. 1818. * As leplostachya; an error in transferring the epithet. ee i i el Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 59 Herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous or pubescent perennials from slender creeping rootstocks rooting at the nodes. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, simple, entire or repand-dentate, palmately veined. Petioles sheathing at base. Inflorescence of simple, loose to subcapitate umbels. Peduncles axillary, shorter or longer than the leaves. Involucre of usually 2 con- spicuous bracts. Pedicels slender to obsolete. Flowers white or rose-tinged; petals orbicular with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium obsolete. Carpophore entire. Fruit orbicular to ellipsoid, reniform, constricted at the commissure and flattened laterally, glabrous; primary ribs prominent, filiform, the secondary ribs and reticula- tions evident; seed narrowly oblong in cross section, the face plane; an oil-bearing layer beneath the epidermis, occasionally containing small oil tubes, and a thick layer of strengthening cells surrounding the seed cavity. Type species, Centella villosa L. 1. Centella erecta (L.f.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 295. 1940. Hydrocotyle erecta Lf. Suppl. 177. 1781. Hydrocotyle reniformis Walt. Fl. Car. 113. 1788. Hydrocotyle ficarioides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 161. 1803. Not H. ficarioides Lam. 1789. Hydrocotyle repanda Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 302. 1805. Hydrocotyle ficarifolia Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2:57. 1812. Glyceria repanda Nutt. Gen. 1: 177. 1818. Chondrocar pus erectus Nutt.; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 425. 1878. (Error for Nuttall’s merely implied C. repandus.) Hydrocotyle asiatica sensu Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 136. 1888. Not H. asiatica L. 1753. Hydrocotyle asiatica var. floridana Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 136. 1888. Centella peseiice sensu Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:30. 1900. Not Centella asiatica Urban, 1879. Centella asiatica var. floridana Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:30. 1900. Centella repanda Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 859. 1903. Centella repanda floridana Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 859. 1903. Centella foridana Nannfeldt, Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 18: 411. 1924. ? Centella biflora Nannfeldt, Sv. Bot. Tidskr. 18: 419, as to Guadeloupe specimens cited, only. 1924. Stems l-several dm. long; leaves ovate-cordate to oblong, excluding the petioles 0.5— 10 cm. long, 0.8-9 cm. broad, obtuse, entire or repand-toothed; petioles 0.3-52 cm. long, glabrous to fulvous-pubescent, with a tuft of hairs at the apex; peduncles shorter than to exceeding the leaves, 0.3-11.5 cm. long; involucre of 2 conspicuous, ovate to suborbicular, scarious bracts; pedicels 2-5, 0.5—-4 mm. long; flowers white to rosy-edged; fruit ellipsoid, 3-4 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica, no collector designated. DISTRIBUTION: Along the coast from Delaware to Florida, west to Texas; Oregon (on ballast) ; Bermuda; West Indies; Mexico and Central America. (Curtiss 988, Lindheimer 613, Purpus 5237.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 4, f. 55 (fr.); Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 167; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 29 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 541; ed. 2. 2: 651; Britton, Fl. Ber- muda 273. 4. MICROPLEURA Lag. Obs. Umbell. 15. 1826. Erect, caulescent, simple or branching, villous to glabrate perennials, from tuberous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, simple, repand or rarely crenate, palmately veined. Peti- oles scarious-sheathing. Inflorescence of loose, simple or irregularly compound umbels. Peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of 1 or more small bracts. Involucel of several linear or lanceolate bractlets. Rays few, slender, ascending, very unequal. Pedicels short, the central fertile pedicel often obsolete. Flowers white; petals oval with a short acute inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium depressed. Carpophore wanting. Fruit ellipsoid, cordate, membranaceous, compressed at the commissure and flattened later- ally, glabrous; ribs filiform, curved; oil-tubes very small, numerous in the intervals; seed strongly flattened laterally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Micropleura renifolia Lag. 1. Micropleura renifolia Lag. Obs. Umbell. 15. 1826. Hydrocotyle grumosa DC. Prodr. 4:70. 1830. Centella renifolia Urban in Mart. Fl, Bras. 111: 286. 1879, 60 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Plants 1.5-4 dm. high, the younger parts frequently rufous-villous, the stems sparsely villous at the nodes; leaves reniform, cordate, excluding the petioles 1.5—5 cm. long, 1.5-6 em. broad, repand or rarely crenate; petioles 2-30 cm. long; peduncles 2-15 cm. long; rays 2-40 mm. long; pedicels short or obsolete; fruit 2 mm. long, 3-4 mm: broad. Typk Locatity: “In Chiloe Insula’’ (no collector designated; locality is an error, since the species is not known south of Central America). DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa and Nayarit, south to Guatemala; alt. 3000-8800 feet. (Pringle 4664, Seler 2969.) 5. SPANANTHE Jacq. Coll. 3: 247. 1789. Erect, tall, herbaceous, caulescent, dichotomously branching, glabrous or pubescent annuals. Leaves petiolate, opposite, membranaceous, simple, crenate-dentate, palmately veined. Petioles with lacerate, scarious sheaths, tufted at the apex with setulose hairs. Inflor- escence of loose, simple umbels. Peduncles paniculately arranged, axillary and terminal. In- volucre of several small, narrow bracts. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers white or greenish-white; petals obovate with a short acute inflexed apex; calyx-teeth promi- nent; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit ovoid, con- stricted at the commissure and flattened dorsally, glabrous; ribs filiform; oil-tubes minute in the intervals or wanting; seed dorsally flattened in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Spananthe paniculata Jacq. 1. Spananthe paniculata Jacq. Coll. 3: 247. 1789. Hydrocotyle Spananthe Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 1363. 1798. Spananthe setosa Moench, Meth. Suppl. 34. 1802. Phellandrium ciliatum DC. Prodr. 4: 81, assyn. 1830. Spananthe angulosa Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 20!: 171. 1847. Plants 2-15 dm. high; leaves deltoid-ovate, excluding the petioles 1.5-14 cm. long, 0.5— 14 cm. broad, acuminate, subcordate to truncate, dentate-crenate, sparingly setose-pubescent on the veins, with a tuft of setulose hairs at the junction of petiole and blade; petioles 0.7-14 em. long; cauline leaves becoming lanceolate above; peduncles 0.7—14 cm. long, hirtellous- pubescent at base of the umbel; involucre of several lanceolate, mostly entire bracts, 2-3 mm. long; pedicels several, spreading-ascending, 7-10 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad. TyprrE Loca.ity: “Circa Caracas,’’ Venezuela, no collector designated. DISTRIBUTION: Central Mexico and Central America to South America; West Indies. (Heyde & Lux 3351, 4192, Pringle 6231.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Dict. Sci. Nat. Veg. Dicot. pl. 1/1; Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. 2: pl. 350; Ann, Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 50 (fl.); Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: pl. 10, f. 66-68 (fr.); Schnizl. Ic. pl. 162a, f. 32, 33 (fr.); Mart. Fl. Bras. 11): pl. 77. 6. BOWLESIA R. & P. Fl. Per. Prodr. 44. 1794. Homalocar pus H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 348. 1833. Elsneria Walp. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 19: Suppl. 1, 346. pl. 7. 1843. Erect or prostrate, slender, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, stellate-pubescent to gla- brate annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, stipulate, opposite, membranaceous, simple, palmately lobed and palmately veined. Petioles not sheathing, the stipules scarious, lacerate. Inflorescence of simple, few-flowered, subcompact umbels. Peduncles slender, axillary. Involucre of a few subulate, lacerate bracts. Pedicels very short or obsolete. Flowers white or purplish; petals orbicular, obtuse; calyx-teeth prominent, ciliate; styles very short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit broadly ovoid to nar- rowly oblong, constricted at the commissure and flattened laterally, the mericarps flattened dorsally, glabrate to stellate-pubescent or glochidiate; ribs obsolete; oil-tubes obsolete; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or convex. Type species, Bowlesia palmata R. & P. Leaves rounded-deltoid in general outline; fruit oblong, narrowed toward the apex, 2-4 mm. long, more or less glochidiate. 1. B. palmata. Leaves suborbicular; fruit broadly ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, not glochidiate, terete, 5 depressed on the dorsal surface, the dorsal region inflated. 2. B. incana. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 61 1. Bowlesia palmata R. & P. Fl. Per. 3:28. 1802. Plants procumbent, dichotomously branched, 1.5-12 dm. long, stellate- to villous-pubes- cent throughout; leaves rounded-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-35 mm. long, 6-35 mm. broad, palmately 5-lobed, the lobes apiculate, entire to dentate, stellate- pubescent to villous, especially on the veins beneath, ciliate on the margins; petioles 1-5 cm. long; peduncles 1-40 mm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 2—3-flowered; fruit sessile or subsessile, oblong, narrowed toward the apex, 2-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, stellate- pubescent to glabrate, more or less glochidiate along the ribs. Type Locatity: ‘“‘Proy. Chancay ad Torreblanca, Pasamayo et Jequan,”’ Peru, Ruiz & Pavon. DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua and Mexico; South America. (Pringle 1248, Purpus 1700.) ILLUSTRATIONS: R. & P. Fl. Per. Prodr. pl. 34; R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: pl. 251; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 51; Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde 12: 142. 2. Bowlesia incana R. & P. Fl. Per. 3:28, 1802. Bowlesia tenera Spreng. Syst. 1: 880. 1825. Bowlesia geraniifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 382. 1826. Bowlesia lobata sensu T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 601. 1840. Not B. lobata R.& P. 1802. Bowlesia incana f. crassifolia Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: 292. 1879. Bowlesia incana f. tenera Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 292. 1879. Bowlesia septentrionalis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 31. © 1900. Plants prostrate to suberect, dichotomously branched, 1.2-5 dm. long or high, stellate- pubescent to glabrate throughout; leaves suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-30 mm. long, 5-45 mm. broad, palmately 5—7-lobed, the lobes entire to dentate, stellate- pubescent to glabrate; petioles 0.5—-7 em. long; peduncles 1-21 mm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 2—6-flowered; fruit sessile or subsessile, ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, stellate-pubescent to glabrate, not glochidiate, the carpels depressed on the dorsal surface, the dorsal region inflated. TYPE LOCALITY: Huanaco, Rondos & Pillao, Peru, Ruiz & Pavon. DISTRIBUTION: Texas to California, south to Sonora and Baja California; Oregon (on ballast); South America. (Abrams 3281, Heller 1493, 7435.) ILLusTRATIONS: R. & P. Fl. Per. 3: pl. 268; Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pl. 5, f. 10; Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: pl. 78, f. 2; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:31; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 125; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 349; Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 616. 7. ASTERISCIUM Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 354. pl. 5, f. J. 1826. Erect, herbaceous or subfrutescent, caulescent, flexuously branched, glabrous perennials, from ligneous, more or less fleshy roots. Leaves petiolate or amplexicaul, membranaceous, simple, entire or 3-lobed, mucronate-dentate, palmately veined. Petioles sheathing at the base. Inflorescence of simple, few-flowered umbels. Peduncles terminal and in the upper axils. Involucre of several lanceolate to ovate, entire or 3-dentate bracts, equaling or shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels slender. Flowers white; petals ovate to obovate-cordate with a nar- rower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, ovate, acute or acuminate; styles slender, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit ovoid, constricted at the commissure and flattened dorsally, glabrous, the dorsal and lateral ribs filiform, the intermediate somewhat winged; oil-tubes obsolete; seed-face convex. Type species, A sterisctum chilense Cham. & Schlecht. 1. Asteriscium flexuosum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 16. 1878. Dipterygia Hemsleyana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 267. 1891. Loosely branched, 4.5 dm. or more high; basal leaves unknown; lower cauline leaves cuneate-rounded in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—-2 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, 3-lobed with shallow rounded sinuses, the lobes oblong, dentate, palmately 3-nerved, the nerves pinnately branched; petioles 3.5—-5 cm. long, obscurely sheathing at the base; upper cauline leaves 3-dentate, much reduced, short-petiolate to subsessile and amplexicaul; peduncles 3.5-8 cm. long; involucre of several lanceolate to ovate, entire or 3-dentate bracts, shorter 62 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, than or about equaling the pedicels; pedicels about 10, slender, subequal, 3-4 mm. long; im- mature fruit ovoid, about 2 mm. long, the dorsal and lateral ribs filiform, the intermediate ribs slightly winged. TYPE LOCALITY: South Mexico, Bates. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLUSTRATION: Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 5: pl. 32. 8. NEOGOEZIA Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1894: 354. 1894. Erect, herbaceous, acaulescent, slender biennials or perennial from fascicled tuberous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 2- or 3-pinnatisect, the divisions often confluent and appearing as serrate lobes of a simply pinnate leaf, pinnately veined. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of simple, loose, terminal umbels. Peduncles slender, much longer than the leaves. Involucre of numerous, entire or lobed, reflexed bracts, shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels slender, filiform, ascending to reflexed. Flowers yellow or yellowish-white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, purplish; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, cordate, con- stricted at the commissure and flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform or obsolete; oil-tubes small, several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face deeply sulcate. Type species, Neogoezia minor Hemsl. Involucral bracts entire; pedicels 2.5—8.5 cm. long. 1. N. gracilipes. Involucral bracts 3-lobed; pedicels 0.5—1.5 em. long. Petioles entirely sheathing; leaves 5-7 cm. long; bracts acute; Oaxaca. 2. N. minor. Petioles sheathing to the middle; leaves 18-24 cm. long; bracts subobtuse; Jalisco. 3. N. planipetala. 1. Neogoezia gracilipes Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1894: 355. 1894. Oreomyrrhis ? gracilipes Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 16. 1878. Plants 10-11.5 dm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-23 cm. long, 5-6 cm. broad, the leaflets 10-12, the lower remote, the upper crowded, 1.5-3 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. broad; petioles sheathing nearly throughout, 5-16 cm. long; peduncles few, 3.8-11.5 dm. long; involucre of several linear, 3-lobed bracts, 1-1.5 cm. long, with the middle lobe exceeding the lateral, reflexed; fertile pedicels about 70, spreading, 2.5—8.5 cm. long, the sterile filiform, reflexed; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In montibus Oaxacae latere occidentali,’”’ Galeotti 2753. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Oaxaca (Pringle 4997, Smith 890). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 5: pl. 33; 34, f. 6-8; Hook. Ic. pl. 2424. 2. Neogoezia minor Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1894: 355. 1894. Plants 1.5-2 dm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-7 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, the leaflets 12-14, crowded, 5-11 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad; petioles sheathing throughout, 3-5 cm. long; peduncles several, 1.2-2 dm. long; involucre of several linear, entire, acute bracts, about one-fourth as long as the pedicels, reflexed; fertile pedicels 25-50, filiform, spreading and reflexed, 5-15 mm. long; immature fruit about 2 mm. long, 1 mm. broad. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains above Oaxaca, Pringle. DIsTRIBUTION: Mountains of Oaxaca (Pringle 4725, Smith 893). ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2425. 3. Neogoezia planipetala Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1894: 355, 1894. Oreomyrrhis ? planipetala Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Nov. 1: 16. 1878. Much like N. minor, but the leaves 18-24 cm. long, the leaflets 0.6-4 cm. long and broad; petioles sheathing to the middle; peduncles 3—4 dm. long; involucre of several linear-lanceolate, entire, subobtuse bracts 5-7 mm. long, reflexed; pedicels spreading-ascending to reflexed, up to 1 or 1.5 em. long. TYPE LOCALITY: South Mexico, Bolanos, Jalisco, Hartweg 6. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco to Michoacan (Hinton 12,340). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 5: pl. 34, f. I-5. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 63 9. SANICULA L. Sp. Pl. 235. 1753. Triclinium Raf. Fl. Ludov. 79. 1817. Hesperogeton K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 156. 1916. Aulosolena K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 156. 1916. Low or slender, erect, spreading or decumbent, herbaceous, caulescent or acaulescent, branching, glabrous or pubescent biennials or perennials, from taproots, rootstocks, tubers, or fascicled fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate to subsessile, membranaceous, palmately or pin- nately divided to pinnately or ternately-pinnately decompound, or rarely entire, the divisions variously toothed, lobed or entire, the rachis naked or winged. Petioles sheathing. Inflores- cence of irregular, spreading, compound umbels; peduncles terminal or terminal and lateral. Involucre foliaceous. Involucel of small or occasionally large, entire or lobed bractlets, longer or shorter than the capitate umbellets. Rays few, unequal, spreading to divaricate. Pedicels spreading to obsolete. Flowers white, greenish-white, greenish-yellow, yellow, or purple, perfect or staminate, the staminate often prominently pedicellate; petals spatulate to ovate, with a narrower inflexed apex; sepals prominent, connate, persistent; styles short or elongate, spreading, recurved, or coiled, the stylopodium lacking. Fruit oblong-ovoid to subglobose or ellipsoid, somewhat flattened laterally, densely covered with uncinate bristles or tubercles; ribs obsolete; oil-tubes large or small, irregularly arranged, several to numerous on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, usually 2 on the commissure; seed subterete or flattened dorsally in cross section, often sulcate on the dorsal surface under the tubes, the commissural face plane, con- cave or sulcate; strengthening cells absent. Type species, Sanicula europaea 1,. Basal leaves ternately or palmately divided, or rarely entire. Fruit pedicellate or stipitate. Involucel conspicuous, exceeding the heads. 1. S. arctopoides. Involucel inconspicuous, not exceeding the heads. Primary leaf-divisions pinnatifid. Petiole and midrib somewhat glandular; leaves deltoid. 2. S. arguta. Petiole and midrib glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate. 3. S. nevadensis. Primary leaf-divisions lobed or merely serrate, not deeply pin- natifid. Primary divisions of the basal leaves confluent below. 4. S. crassicaulis. Primary divisions of the basal leaves distinct, sometimes shortly petiolulate. Styles exserted in fruit. Calyx of the staminate flowers cleft to the middle, the lobes ovate, obtuse; United States and Canada. 5. S. gregaria. Calyx of the staminate flowers cleft to the base, the lobes linear, acute; Mexico and northern South America. Styles included in fruit. . liberta. . canadensis. a HH Fruit sessile. Styles shorter than the bristles of the fruit; calyx-lobes equaling to exceeding the petals of the fertile flowers. Calyx-lobes conspicuous, forming a beak on the mature fruit; oil-tubes numerous; roots fibrous; northeastern United States. 8. S. trifoliata. Calyx-lobes inconspicuous in the mature fruit; oil-tubes 5; roots . tuberous, fascicled; southern United States. 9. S. Smallii. Styles longer than the bristles of the fruit; calyx-lobes shorter than the petals of the fertile flowers. Primary divisions of the basal leaves lobed or merely serrate, not deeply pinnatifid. Primary leaf-divisions distinct at the base to shortly petio- lulate. 10. S. marilandica. Primary leaf-divisions confluent at the base. Involucel equaling to slightly exceeding the heads; basal leaves deeply lobed; Oregon coast. 4a. S. crassicaulis var. Howellii. Involucel shorter than the heads; basal leaves entire or 3-lobed; San Francisco Bay region. 11. S. maritima. Primary divisions of the basal leaves deeply pinnatifid. Primary divisions distinct at the base; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long. 3. S. nevadensis. Primary divisions confluent at the base; fruit subglobose to ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long. 12. S. laciniata. Basal leaves pinnately divided to pinnately or ternate-pinnately decom- pound. Stem from a fusiform taproot. Leaves with a winged toothed rachis. 64 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Fruits several in each umbellet, bristly; pedicels of the sterile flowers inconspicuous in fruit. 13. S. bipinnatifida. Fruit solitary, or rarely 2-3 in each umbellet, bristly only above; pedicels of the sterile flowers conspicuous in fruit. 14, S. Peckiana. Leaves without a winged rachis; leaves 2—3-pinnate. 15. S. bipinnata. Stem from a globose or somewhat irregular tuber. Flowers salmon; fruit 2.5-3 mm. long, the upper tubercles armed with short subulate bristles. 16. Flowers yellow; fruit 1.5—2 mm. long, the tubercles unarmed. Wie ». saxatilis. . tuberosa,. nN 1. Sanicula arctopoides H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 141. 1832. Plants prostrate or decumbent, 1-3 dm. broad, perennial from a long, slender taproot, glabrous or the nodes and foliage puberulent, the main stem short, 5-30 cm. long, bearing a cluster of leaves and several divergent naked branches, usually longer than the leaves; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-6.5 cm. long, 2.5—9 cm. broad, palmately 3-parted, yellowish, the primary divisions cleft, laciniate-dentate with slender, unequal, fringed teeth, or rarely the lanceolate, spreading segments subentire, doubly dentate; petioles flattened, shortly sheathing below, 2.5—7 cm. long; involucre of bracts like the leaves; involucel of 8-17 entire, acute, unequal bractlets, 5-18 mm. long, conspicuously exceeding the heads; fertile rays 1-4, 4-21 cm. long, the umbellets capitate, 6-17 mm. broad, sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to the middle, the lobes deltoid, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit obovoid or sub- globose, 2-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, shortly pedicellate, the bristles prominent above, wanting below, bulbous at the base; oil-tubes numerous, irregularly distributed; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, sulcate on the dorsal surface, the commissural face concave. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Northwest coast of America,’’ Menzies. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal, northern Oregon to central California (Elmer 4885, Heller 8444). ItLustrations: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 9/; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): 72; Madrofio 1: 109; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 697; Jepson, FI. Calif. 2: 663. 2. Sanicula arguta Greene; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 36. 1900. Plants erect, 1.5-5 dm. high, perennial from a thickened, elongated, woody taproot, glabrous except for the glandular-roughened foliage, the stems several, slender, sparingly branched; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-11 cm. long, 3-15 cm. broad, palmately 3—5-parted, the primary divisions narrow, pinnately lobed, the middle one elongate, the lobes serrate to sublaciniate, spinose, glandular-roughened above on the nerves, decurrent and forming a winged, toothed rachis; petioles flattened, shortly sheathing below, 2.5-30 em. long, glandular-roughened above; cauline leaves few, reduced upward; involucre of reduced, leaflike bracts; involucel of linear to linear-lanceolate, spinose, entire to 3-lobed bractlets, about equaling the pedicels; fertile rays 3-5, 2.5-14 cm. long, the umbellets globose; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet; fertile pedicels 2.5-4 mm. long; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to below the middle, the lobes linear, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit obovoid, 4-6 mm. long, 2.5—-3 mm. broad, narrowed into a stipitate base, the bristles prominent above, few or wanting below, slightly bulbous at the base; oil-tubes obscure; seed subterete in cross section, the commissural face deeply con- cave to sulcate. TYPE Loca.ity: Hills near San Diego, California, Pringle. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal southern California and the adjacent islands (Eastwood 2529, Elmer 3930). ILLUSTRATIONS: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4278): 73; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 350; Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 664. 3. Sanicula nevadensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 139. 1876. Sanicula septentrionalis Greene, Erythea 1:6. 1893. Sanicula divaricata Greene, Erythea 3: 64. 1895. Sanicula apiifolia Greene, Leaflets 2: 46. 1910. Sanicula nevadensis var. glauca Jepson, Madrofio 1: 113. 1923. Sanicula nevadensis var. septentrionalis Mathias, Brittonia 2: 241. 1936. Sanicula septentrionalis var. nemoralis Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 667. 1936. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 65 Plants erect, 1—-4.5 dm. high, perennial from a long, slender, sometimes tuber-like taproot, usually glabrous, the main stem obsolete, short or elongate, the several spreading peduncles thus arising basally or separately along the stem, purplish-tinged; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-4 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. broad, ternate, the primary divisions usually oblong-ovate, petiolulate, 3—5-lobed, the segments irregularly lobed or toothed; petioles sheathing below, 3-7 cm. long; involucre of leaflike, pinnatifid bracts; involucel of oblong, acute to short-acuminate, united bractlets, shorter than the heads; fertile rays 4-9, 0.5-8 em. long; umbellets capitate, about 5 mm. broad; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile pedicellate, conspicuous in the mature umbellets; flowers yellow; calyx cleft shallowly or to the middle, the lobes acute to mucronate, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, shortly pedicellate, tuberculate, the tubercles terminated by bristles; oil-tubes 3-5 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the com- missural face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Plumas County, California, Mrs. M. E. P. Ames. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and northwestern Wyoming to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, south to southern California (Cusick 2841, Heller 11,482, Thompson 9550). ILLUSTRATION: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4228): 75. 4. Sanicula crassicaulis Poepp.; DC. Prodr. 4: 84. 1830. Sanicula Menziesii H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 142. 1832. Sanicula nudicaulis H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1838. Sanicula tripartita Suksd. Allg. Bot. Zeits. 12:5. 1906. Sanicula Menziesii var. nudicaulis Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. ed. 2. 290. 1911. Sanicula crassicaulis var. genuina H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (42%8): 69. 1913. Sanicula crassicaulis var. Menziesii H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4278): 70. 1913. Sanicula crassicaulis var. tripartita H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4278): 70. 1913. Aulosolena Menziesii K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 156. 1916. Sanicula Menziesii var. foliacea Jepson, Madrofio 1: 111. 1923. Sanicula Menziesii var. pedata Jepson, Madrofio 1: 111. 1923. Sanicula diversiloba Suksd. Werdenda 1: 29, 1927. Plants erect, 2.4-12.5 dm. high, perennial from a stout taproot, glabrous, the solitary stem simple below, dichasially branched above, purplish; leaves round-cordate to subtriangular in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-12 cm. long, 4-14 cm. broad, deeply palmately 3-5-lobed, the primary divisions incised-lobed with mucronate or spinulose teeth; petioles shortly sheathing below, 3-21 cm. long; cauline leaves similar, but the segments narrower and more remote; involucre of small, leaflike bracts; involucel of linear-lanceolate acute bractlets, shorter than the heads; fertile rays 3-4, 0.7—-8 cm. long, the umbellets capitate, 5-7 mm. broad; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile flowers shortly pedicellate to sub- sessile; flowers yellow; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes linear, mucronate, shorter than or equaling the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles shorter than the bristles; fruit subglobose, 2-5 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, distinctly stipitate, divergent in mature heads, conspicuously bristly throughout; oil-tubes large, conspicuous, 3—8 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the com- missure; seed ovate to subterete in cross section, the commissural face deeply sulcate. TYPE LocaLity: Chile, Poeppig (diar. no. 227, pl. exs. 92). DISTRIBUTION: Coastal foothills, Vancouver Island, B. C., to southern California; South Amer- ica. (Cusick 2867, Elmer 3840, Heller 6824.) ILLusTRaATIONS: Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 90; Madrofio 1: 110; Jepson, Man, FI. Pl. Calif. 698. 4a. Sanicula crassicaulis var. Howellii (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 242. 1936. Sanicula Howellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13:81. 1888. Similar to the species, but usually lower; bractlets of the involucel more prominent, about equaling the heads; fruit subsessile. TYPE LOCALITY: Sandy shores, Tillamook Bay and Ocean Beach, Oregon, Howell 16. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Oregon. 66 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 5. Sanicula gregaria Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 22: 354. 1895. ? Triclinium odoratum Raf. Fl. Ludov. 80. 1817. ? Sanicula odorata Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 581. 1897. Plants erect, 2—7.6 dm. high, perennial from slender, fascicled, fibrous roots, glabrous, the stems solitary or several from the base, dichasially branched above; leaves broadly triangular to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-12 cm. long, 5—20 cm. broad, palmately 3-5-parted, the primary divisions cuneate-obovate to lanceolate, acute, petiolulate, distinct or the lateral somewhat united, sharply serrate to incised-lobed above with spinulose teeth; petioles 8-30 cm. long; cauline leaves few, similar; involucre of conspicuous, foliaceous, palmately 3-5-lobed, leaflike bracts; involucel of inconspicuous, subscarious bractlets; fertile rays 3-7, 1-6 cm. long, the umbels regular, few-flowered; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, or the sterile in separate, peduncled heads in the axils of the stem or main branches; fertile pedicels about 2 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow; calyx cleft to the middle, the lobes triangular-ovate, subobtuse with an inconspicuous central nerve, much shorter than the petals; anthers bright yellow, exserted; styles conspicuous, recurved, exceeding the bristles; fruits usually 3 in each umbellet, subglobose to obovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, distinctly pedicellate, minutely bristly or papillose, the bristles numerous, not crowded and arranged in rows, conspicuous above but rudimentary below; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2-3 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the commissural face plane, the scar linear. ‘TYPE LocaLity: Van Cortlandt Park, New York, New York, Bicknell. DISTRIBUTION: Quebec to Florida, west to South Dakota and Louisiana (Billmore Herb. 4816, Demaree 10,672, Heller 998). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bull. Torrey Club 22: pl. 242; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 524; ed. 2. 2: 624. 6. Sanicula liberta Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 353. 1826. Sanicula mexicana DC. Prodr. 4: 84. 1830. Plants erect, 2-6 dm. high, perennial from a fleshy rhizome, glabrous, the stem usually solitary, dichasially branched above, the branches remote, divaricate, elongate; leaves broadly cordate-orbicular to suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-8 cm. long, 3.5-10 cm. broad, palmately 5-parted, the primary divisions ovate-lanceolate to obovate- cuneate, acuminate, petiolulate, trilobulate and irregularly incised above, entire to doubly serrate-crenate with setose teeth; petioles shortly sheathing below, 5—23 cm. long; cauline leaves reduced upward; involucre of small, leaflike bracts; involucel of inconspicuous, reflexed, linear, acute bractlets; fertile rays 1-3, 5-45 mm. long; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile pedicellate; fertile pedicels shorter than the fruit; flowers pale green; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, equaling or exceeding the petals; anthers exserted; styles longer than the bristles, not conspicuously recurved; fruit usually 2-3 in each umbellet, subglobose, 2-4 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, distinctly pedicellate, densely bristly; oil-tubes small, several on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the commissural face plane. TYPE LocALITy: ‘In America meridionali prope Caripe, Venezuela, alt. 500 hexap.,’” Humboldt 275. DisTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas to Panama; Colombia and Venezuela to Ecuador and Peru. (Heyde & Lux 3357, Pringle 13,003.) 7. Sanicula canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 235. 1753. Caucalis canadensis Crantz, Class. Umbell. 110. 1767. Sanicula marilandica var. canadensis Torr. Fl. U.S. 302. 1824. Sanicula Triclinium DC. Prodr. 4: 85. 1830. Sanicula triclinaria St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 134. 1880. Sanicula floridana Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 581. 1897. Sanicula canadensis var. typica H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4278): 67. 1913. Sanicula canadensis var. floridana H. Wolff in Engler, ieee ee 61 (4278): 67. 1913. Sanicula canadensis var. genuina Fernald, Rhodora 42: 467. 1940 Sanicula canadensis var. grandis Fernald, Rhodora 42: 467. 1940. Plants erect, 1.5-10 dm. high, biennial from fibrous, woody roots, glabrous, the stem usually solitary, alternately dichotomously branched above, 3—4-furcate at the apex; leaves tri- Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 67 angular to suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-14 cm. long, 1.5—-16 cm. broad, palmately 3-parted (occasionally 5-parted or appearing so by division of the lateral primary divisions), the primary divisions ovate-lanceolate to cuneate-obovate, obtuse or acute, distinct, closely serrate and sometimes deeply incised above, the teeth mucronate to spinulose; petioles 5-20 cm. long; cauline leaves becoming subsessile above; involucre of a few leaflike bracts; bractlets of the involucel similar to the bracts but smaller; fertile rays 2-30 mm. long, the umbels irregular, few-flowered; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile shortly pedicellate; fertile pedicels 1-2 mm. long; flowers white; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, acute, exceeding the petals; anthers white, slightly exserted; styles shorter than the calyx, inconspicuous; fruits 3 in each umbellet, globose, 2-5 mm. long and broad, wrinkled, striate, the bristles numerous, dilated below, rather regularly in longitudinal rows, well developed throughout; oil-tubes large, solitary in the grooves of the dorsal surface, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, sulcate on the dorsal surface, the com- missural face convex, the commissural scar linear. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in Virginia,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Vermont to Florida, west to South Dakota and Texas (Biltmore Herb. 3408a, Harper 1042, Heller 982, 1713). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 1, f. 1, 2 (fr.); Bull. Torrey Club 22: pl. 243; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 524; ed. 2. 2: 624. 8. Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 22: 359. 1895. Plants erect, 2.9—9.8 dm. high, biennial from fascicled, slender, fibrous roots, glabrous, the stem usually solitary, occasionally alternately branched, 2—3-furcate above; leaves broadly triangular to suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-13 cm. long, 4.5—19 cm. broad, palmately 3-foliate, the primary divisions ovate to obovate, acute, petiolulate, the lateral frequently deeply lobed, coarsely doubly spinulose-serrate to incised; petioles 13-18 cm, long; cauline leaves becoming short-petiolate above; involucre of a few foliaceous bracts, smaller than the leaves; involucel of inconspicuous, ovate-acuminate, subscarious bractlets; fertile rays 10-55 mm. long, the umbels regular, few-flowered; sterile and fertile flowers in the same um- bellet, the sterile on pedicels 1 mm. long; fertile pedicels obsolete; flowers white; calyx cleft to below the middle, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate-cuspidate with slightly incurved points, exceeding the flowers to form a conspicuous beaklike projection in the mature fruit; anthers included; styles short, included; fruits usually 3 in each umbellet, ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, sessile or subsessile, the bristles short and reflexed below, longer and ascending above, not crowded and about equaling the calyx; oil-tubes small, numerous; 2 large latero-commissural tubes occasionally present; seed reniform in cross section, the com- missural face concave, the scar large, oval. TYPE LOCALITY: Dry, rich woods, Amherstburg, Ontario, Macoun. DISTRIBUTION: Vermont to Ontario and Ohio, south to Virginia and Tennessee (Fernald 10,085, Pollard & Maxon 14). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bull. Torrey Club 22: pl. 244; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 32 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 624. 9. Sanicula Smallii Bickn. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 578. 1897. Plants erect, 3.3-6.4 dm. high, biennial or perennial from fascicled, tuberous roots, gla- brous, the stem usually solitary, occasionally alternately branched, 2—3-furcate above; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-8 cm. long, 3-14 em. broad, palmately 3-parted (appearing 5-parted by division of the lateral primary divisions), the primary divisions ovate- lanceolate, acute, distinct, closely and regularly serrate, the teeth mucronate; petioles 4-20 cm. long; cauline leaves becoming subsessile above; involucre of a few leaflike bracts; involucel of small, triangular-ovate, subacuminate bractlets; fertile rays 5-11 mm. long, the umbels irregular, few-flowered; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile shortly pedicellate; fertile pedicels obsolete; flowers white; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes linear-subulate, rigid, with a conspicuous central nerve, about equaling the petals; anthers exserted; styles equaling or exceeding the calyx, shorter than the bristles; fruits usually 3 in each umbellet, subglobose to ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, sessile, the bristles numerous, short 68 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, below, exceeding the erect calyx-lobes above; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2-3 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the commissural face usually concave, the scar broadly linear. TYPE LOCALITY: Base of Little Stone Mountain, Georgia, Small. DistRiBuTION: North Carolina to Florida, west to Missouri and Texas (Bush 358, Earle 196, Palmer 7513). 10. Sanicula marilandica L. Sp. Pl. 235. 1753. Caucalis marilandica Crantz, Class. Umbell. 110. 1767. Sanicula canadensis var. marylandica Hitche. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 5: 497. 1889. Triclinium marilandica Raf.; B. D. Jackson, Ind. Kew. 2: 1110. 1895. Sanicula marilandica var. borealis Fernald, Rhodora 28: 220. 1926. Sanicula marilandica var. petiolulata Fernald, Rhodora 40: 448. 1938. Plants erect, 2.5-10.5 dm. high, perennial from fibrous woody roots, glabrous, the stem usually solitary, umbellately branched above; leaves cuneate to suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-12 em. long, 5-21 cm. broad, palmately 5-parted (appearing 7-parted by division of the lateral primary divisions), the primary divisions oval to cuneate-obovate, obtuse to acute, petiolulate, doubly serrate to dentate-serrate with mucronate or spinulose teeth, deeply incised-lobed toward the apex; petioles 4-32 cm. long; cauline leaves becoming subsessile above; involucre of a few reduced, leaflike bracts; involucel of much reduced bract- lets, like the bracts; fertile rays 10-70 mm. long, the umbels nearly regular; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, or the sterile numerous in separate, peduncled, capitate clusters; fertile pedicels obsolete; flowers greenish-white; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, shorter than or equaling the petals; anthers greenish-white, conspicuously exserted; styles long, usually recurved, exceeding the bristles; fruits 3 in each umbellet, ovoid, narrowed toward the base, 4-6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, sessile, the bristles numerous, crowded, con- spicuously bulbous at the base, irregularly arranged, rudimentary below; oil-tubes large, soli- tary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed ovate-oblong in cross section, sulcate on the dorsal surface, the commissural face plane, the scar broadly oval. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Habitat in Marilandia, Virginia,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to Florida, west to British Columbia and New Mexico (Fernald & Wiegand 5950, Nelson 7525). ILLUSTRATIONS: Mem. Torrey Club 2: pl. 11, f. 72-74; Bull. Torrey Club 22: pl. 241; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): 23; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 144 (fr.); Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 589; Rhodora 40: pl. 527. 11. Sanicula maritima Kellogg; S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 451. 1880. Plants erect, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, perennial from a thickened, somewhat woody rootstock, glabrous, the stem stout, usually solitary; leaves orbicular to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 1.5—4.5 em. broad, entire or 3-parted, the margins entire, repand, or slightly serrate; petioles 2.5-15 cm. long; cauline leaves smaller, 3-parted, the divisions ovate to cuneiform, subentire, dentate or deeply lobed, the lower long-petiolulate, the upper sessile; peduncles few, elongate; involucre of leaflike bracts; involucel of small, lanceolate bractlets; fertile rays 1-4, 15-95 mm. long, the flowering umbellets compact; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile short-pedicellate; flowers yellow; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes triangular-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the calyx; fruits few in each umbellet, ovoid, about 5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, subsessile, the bristles prominent above, more or less obsolete below; oil-tubes several, large, conspicuous; seed subterete in cross section, the commissural face concave with a prominent median longitudinal ridge. TYPE Locatity: ‘Near the coast, about San Francisco or northward,” Kellogg. DIsTRIBUTION: Coastal California in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay. 12. Sanicula laciniata H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1838. Sanicula serpentina Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 41: 312. 1906. Aulosolena laciniata K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 156. 1916. Sanicula laciniata var. serpentina Jepson, Madrofio 1: 113. 1923. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 69 Plants erect, 0.9-5 dm. high, perennial from a moderately thickened taproot, glabrous, the stems few, divergent, branching, mostly naked above; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—4 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 em. broad, palmately 3-lobed or deeply 3-parted or rarely entire, the primary divisions subentire and serrate to pinnately parted into lanceolate, entire or laciniate-dentate segments; petioles shortly sheathing below, 6-12 cm. long; cauline leaves reduced; involucre of leaflike bracts; involucel of oblong-ovate to lanceolate bractlets, shorter than the heads; fertile rays 3-6, 15-80 mm. long, the umbellets capitate, 4-7 mm. broad; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet; fertile pedicels obsolete; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to near the middle, the lobes triangular, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit subglobose to ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, sessile, the bristles well-developed above, becoming obsolete below; oil-tubes several on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the commissural face sulcate. TYPE Loca.ity: California, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal southwestern Oregon and California (Baker 783, Elmer 3531, 4498). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, FI. Calif. 2: 666. 13. Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: DIS VUSSZ. Sanicula nemoralis Greene, Erythea 1:6. 1893. Sanicula bipinnatifida var. flava Jepson, Madrofio 1: 112. 1923. Sanicula bipinnatifida var. nemoralis Jepson, Madrofio 1: 112. 1923. Sanicula bipinnatifida var. Hoffmannii Munz; R. Hoffm. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 31: 110. 1932. Plants erect, 1.5-8 dm. high, perennial from a deep-seated taproot, the nodes scantily scaberulous, otherwise glabrous, the stems several, branched, usually naked above, purplish; leaves suborbicular to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-19 cm. long, 2-15 cm. broad, polymorphic; those of the seedlings suborbicular, entire or 5-lobed, crenulate, the older leaves oval to oblong-ovate, serrulate to deeply serrate, becoming broadly ovate and trilobate, the terminal primary division largest, coarsely crenate-serrate, the divisions becoming lobate or pinnately divided into 5—7 subovate divisions, deeply pinnatifid with narrow dentate segments, decurrent on the rachis as a toothed wing; petioles sheathing below, 4-20 cm. long; involucre of leaflike bracts; involucel of lanceolate, sometimes connate bractlets, shorter than the heads; fertile rays 3-5, 0.5-19 cm. long, the umbellets capitate, 5-12 mm. broad; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile pedicellate; flowers yellow or purple; calyx deeply cleft, the lobes lanceolate, mucronate, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow or purple, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit ovoid to subglobose, 3-6 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the bristles conspicuous, bulbous at the base; oil-tubes 6-7 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the commissural face sulcate. TYPE Locatity: “‘Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia,’’ Clark County, Washington, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Vancouver Island, south to Baja California, at low elevations; California islands. (Elmer 4817, Heller & Kennedy 8765, Thompson 8933.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 92; Flora 83: 255; Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild Fl. 337; Madrofio 1: 111; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 699. 14. Sanicula Peckiana F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 285) 1919» Plants erect, 2.5-4 dm. high, glabrous, perennial from a fleshy, subligneous taproot, the stems solitary or few, alternately few-branched above, 3—4-furcate at the apex; leaves oblong- ovate to subtriangular in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-5.5cm. broad, pinnate, the primary divisions ovate, incised to serrate-lobed, mucronate, conspicuously veined, decurrent to form a toothed, winged rachis; petioles shortly sheathing below, 1.5-10 cm. long; cauline leaves smaller, becoming sessile upward; involucre of small, linear-lanceolate, entire or leaflike and pinnatifid bracts; involucel of small, triangular-acute, sometimes united bractlets, shorter than the umbellet; fertile rays 3-4, unequal, 2-75 mm. long; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile on pedicels 3-5 mm. long; fertile pedicels 1-2 mm. long or obsolete; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to the middle, the lobes linear to deltoid, acute, shorter 70 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 28p, than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles recurved, conspicuously exceeding the bristles; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2.5—3 mm. broad, sessile or the central one pedicellate, the bristles well developed above, more or less obsolete below, somewhat bulbous at the base; oil-tubes large, 3-5 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross sec- tion, the commissural face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: Siskiyou Mountains, 14 miles west of Waldo, Josephine County, Oregon, Peck 8403. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Oregon and northwestern California (Abrams 8505, Cusick 2931, Thompson 4596). 15. Sanicula bipinnata H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1838. Sanicula pinnatifida Torr. U.S. Expl. Exp. 17: 314. 1874. Plants erect, 1-6 dm. high, perennial from an elongate fusiform root, the stem slender, the herbage strongly aromatic; leaves linear-oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-8.5 cm. long, 3-3.5 cm. broad, 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions obovate to oblong, 4-10 mm. long, 2-11 mm. broad, distinct, entire to lobed, serrate; petioles wholly sheathing; cauline leaves with linear ultimate divisions; involucre of leaflike bracts; involucel of several, entire, linear, subscarious, distinct or connate bractlets shorter than the heads; fertile rays 3-5, 1.5—9 cm. long, the umbels axillary and terminal, the umbellets capitate, 3-7 mm. broad; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to below the middle, the lobes deltoid, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles exceeding the bristles; fruit subglobose to obovoid, 2-3 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, shortly pedicellate, tuberculate, the tubercles with short, stout bristles; oil-tubes large, 3-5 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the com- missural face deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: California, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Hills and valleys, cismontane California (Baker 4775, Heller 10,707). ILLUSTRATIONS: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): 77; Madrofio 1: 114; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 700. 16. Sanicula saxatilis Greene, Erythea 1:6. 1893. Plants usually spreading, 1-2 dm. high or long, perennial from large globose or somewhat irregular tubers 1—2.5 cm. in diameter, glabrous, the stems divided near the base into hori- zontal, divergent branches, each 2—3-dichotomously branched; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10 cm. long and broad, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, coarsely to finely dissected, the ultimate divisions acute; petioles sheathing at the base, 3-8 cm. long; cauline leaves similar, becoming subsessile upward; involucre similar to the upper leaves; involucel of small, ovate to lanceolate, entire or toothed, connate, scarious-margined bractlets, shorter than the heads; fertile rays usually 3, unequal, 5-40 mm. long; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile on pedicels 3-6 mm. long; fertile pedicels obsolete; flowers salmon; calyx cleft to the middle, the lobes triangular-ovate, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles conspicuously spirally coiled, much exceeding the calyx; fruit ovoid to sub- globose, narrowed at the apex, 2.5-3 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, sessile, tuberculate with inflated tubercles, the upper armed with subulate, short bristles; seed subterete in cross section, sulcate on the dorsal surface, the commissural face plane. Tyrer LocaLity: Summit of Mount Diablo, California, Greene. DISTRIBUTION: Diablo and Hamilton ranges of central California (Hall 10,136). 17. Sanicula tuberosa Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 4:91. 1857. Hesperogeton tuberosum K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 157. 1916. Plants erect or spreading, 1—-7.5 dm. high, perennial from small, globose tubers 5-15 mm. in diameter, the nodes and summit of the peduncles scaberulous, otherwise glabrous, the stem simple, or divided near the base into divergent branches, each dichotomously or trichotomously branched above; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-13 cm. long, 2.5—8 cm. broad, 1—2-ternate, then pinnate, usually finely dissected, the ultimate divisions Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 71 acute; petioles 2-8 cm. long; cauline leaves becoming subsessile upward; involucre similar to the upper cauline leaves; involucel of small, ovate to lanceolate, connate bractlets; fertile rays 3, unequal, 5-85 mm. long; sterile and fertile flowers in the same umbellet, the sterile on pedicels 2-7 mm. long; flowers yellow; calyx cleft to the middle, the lobes triangular-ovate, acute, shorter than the petals; anthers yellow, exserted; styles conspicuously spirally coiled, greatly exceeding the calyx; fruit ellipsoid, narrowed at the apex, 1.5-2 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, sessile or subsessile, tuberculate with inflated, unarmed tubercles; oil-tubes several on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the commissural face plane to slightly concave, the scar linear. TYPE LocALity: Hillsides, Duffield’s Ranch, Sierra Nevada, California, Bigelow DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Oregon to southern California (Elmer 3912, Heller 69 28, 14,508). ILLUSTRATIONS: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (42°83): 79; Madrofio 1: 114; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 701. 10. APIASTRUM Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 643. 1840, Low, slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, simple or dichotomously or trichotomously branched, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves mostly opposite, petiolate, mem- branaceous, ternately decompound, the ultimate divisions narrow, entire. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of irregular, loose, compound umbels, these sessile or short-pedunculate, terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting or the umbels subtended by foliage leaves. Involucel wanting. Rays few, unequal, ascending, or some umbellets sessile. Pedicels few, spreading, slender to obsolete. Flowers white; petals obovate or ovate, acute, the apex scarcely inflexed; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles very short, the stylopodium depressed. Carpophore 2-cleft tothe base. Fruit ellipsoid-cordate, flattened laterally and strongly constricted at the commissure, papillate- roughened to glabrate; ribs filiform, undulate, inconspicuous; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and under the ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face concave, or shallowly sulcate. Type species, A piastrum angustifolium Nutt. 1. Apiastrum angustifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 644. 1840. ? Discopleura capillacea sensu H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 142. 1832. Not D.capillaceaDC. 1829. Helosciadium leptophyllum var. ? latifolium H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1838. A piastrum angustifolium var. tenellum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 644. 1840. A piastrum latifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 644, 1840. Slender, erect, simple or dichotomously or trichotomously branched from the base, 0.5—5 dm. high; leaves orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-5 cm. long, some or all opposite, ternately dissected, the ultimate divisions linear-filiform to oblong, obtuse, 5-25 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad; petioles 2-4 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; umbels sessile in the axils or opposite the upper leaves, the peduncles of the lower umbels up to 8 cm. long; rays 2-3, unequal, 1-5 cm. long or obsolete; pedicels 3-4, unequal, 15 mm. long to obsolete; fruit ellipsoid-cordate, 1-1.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, papillate-+roughened, the ribs inconspicuous. TYPE LOCALITY: San Diego, California, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Throughout California south to Arizona and Baja California (Baker 4771, Elmer 4461, Jones 3089). ILLUSTRATIONS: Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. pl. 28; Madrofio 1: 122, f. 12; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Catif. 704, f. 684; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 352. 11. SPERMOLEPIS Raf. Neog. 2. 1825. Leptocaulis Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5:39. 1829. Slender, erect or spreading, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; the peduncles terminal and axillary, exceeding the leaves. Involucre wanting. Involucel of a few linear bractlets usually shorter than the pedicels. Rays few, erect to divaricate. Pedicels few, spreading, or some of the flowers sessile. Flowers white; petals oblong to ovate, without an inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles very short, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpo- 72 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, phore 2-cleft at the apex. Fruit ovoid, flattened laterally and slightly constricted at the com- missure, smooth, tuberculate, or echinate; ribs filiform, rounded; oil-tubes 1—3 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face sulcate. Type species, Daucus divaricatus Walt. (Spermolepis divaricata Britton). Plants slender, erect; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate; fruit smooth or tuberculate. Rays divaricate, subequal; ultimate leaf-divisions linear. 1. S. divaricata. Rays erect, unequal; ultimate leaf-divisions filiform. 2. S. inermis. Plants low and somewhat spreading; leaves ovate; fruit covered with short echinate bristles. 3. S. echinata, 1. Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 244. 1894. Daucus divaricatus Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788. Sison pusillum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 168. 1803. Ammi divaricatum Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 308. 1805. Ligusticum pusillum Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 315. 1805. Aethusa divaricata Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 22. 1813. Sison divaricatus Spreng. Sp. Umbell. 113. 1818. Leptocaulis divaricatus DC. Coll. Mém. 5:39. 1829. Leptocaulis diffusus Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39. 1829 (nomen nudum); Prodr. 4: 107. 1830. Babiron divaricatum Raf. New FI. 4: 24. 1838. Babiron dichotomum Raf. New. Fl. 4: 24. 1838. Babiron pusillum Raf. New. Fl. 4: 23. 1838. A pium divaricatum Wood, Bot. & Fl. 140. 1870. Slender, erect, 1-7 dm. high; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 0.5—5 cm. long, 5-35 mm. broad, ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ulti- mate divisions linear, acute, 3-15 mm. long, 0.2-1 mm. broad; petioles 0.5—3 cm. long, the sheaths with a winged scarious margin; peduncles 1-5 cm. long; involucel of a few linear, acute bractlets, the margins scarious and usually callous-toothed; rays 3-7, divaricate, subequal, 5—35 mm. long; pedicels 1-6, 2-15 mm. long, or the central flower of each umbellet sessile; fruit ovoid, 1.5—2 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, tuberculate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Carolinas,’’ presumably Walter. DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Florida, west to Kansas and Texas (Bush 325, Curtiss 4609, Hall 269). ILLusTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 10, f. A; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 537; ed. 2. 2: 651; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 87 (fr.). 2. Spermolepis inermis (Nutt.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey 4 Club 68: 124. 1941. Leptocaulis inermis Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39. 1829. Leptocaulis patens Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39. 1829 (nomen nudum); Prodr. 4: 107. 1830. A pium patens S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 413. 1878. A piastrum patens Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 110. 1888. Spermolepis patens B.1,. Robinson, Rhodora 10: 34. 1908. Spermolepis patens var. inermis Mathias, Brittonia 2: 243. 1936. Slender, erect, 0.8-6 dm. high; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-5 cm. long, 2-4 em. broad, ternately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, mucronu- late, 3-30 mm. long, 0.1-1 mm. broad; petioles 4-15 mm. long; peduncles 2-7 cm. long; involucel of a few narrow bractlets, callous-toothed to glabrous, shorter than the pedicels; rays 5—11, erect, unequal, 1-13 mm. long; pedicels 1-6, up to 6 mm. long, the central umbellets bearing 1-3 sessile or shortly pediceled flowers; fruit ovoid, 1.5—-2 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, tubercu- late to smooth. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘‘In Amer. bor. ad Red River,’”’ Arkansas, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Mississippi, west to Nebraska, Texas, and Coahuila (Bush 5864, 7602, Palmer 7713, 33,614). ILLusTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 10, f. B; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 652; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 594. 3. Spermolepis echinata (Nutt.) A. Heller, Contr. Herb. Frankl. & Marsht) 12°73: 1895: Leptocaulis echinatus Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39. 1829 (nomen nudum); Prodr. 4: 107. 1830. Apium echinatum Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 412. 1878. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 73 Low and often spreading, 0.5-4 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-25 mm. long, 7-20 mm. broad, ternately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, mucronulate, 2-18 mm. long, 0.5—1 mm. broad; petioles 3-20 mm. long; peduncles 8-65 mm. long; involucel of a few filiform bractlets, callous-toothed to glabrous, shorter than the pedicels; rays 5-14, suberect, unequal, 1-15 mm. long; pedicels 1-6, up to 7 mm. long, the central umbellets 1-flowered, sessile; fruit ovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, covered with short echinate bristles. TYPE LocaLtty: ‘‘In Amer. Bor. ad Red River,’’ Arkansas, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Missouri to Louisiana, west to Arizona, Sonora, and Coahuila (Heller 1561, Palmer 7702). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot, Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 109; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 537; ed. 2. 2: 652. 12. PEDINOPETALUM Urban & Wolff; Urban, Ark. Bot. 22A": 43. 1929. Herbaceous, glabrous, cespitose perennials, forming a semiglobose clump, the inner stems erect, the outer procumbent. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately or ternately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, obtuse. Petioles sheathing, much longer than the blades. Inflorescence of subcompact compound umbels, borne in a dichasium below and forming a monochasium above, the upper umbels sessile, the lower pedunculate. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of 3—4 linear, obtuse bractlets shorter or longer than the flowers. Rays 1 or 2, or rarely 3, very short. Pedicels 3, rarely 1 or 2, slender. Flowers white; petals oval to oval-oblong, obtuse, without an inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles very short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore shortly bifid at the apex. Fruit ovoid, nar- rowed at the apex, flattened laterally but not constricted at the commissure, roughened when young, glabrate at maturity; ribs filiform, conspicuous, obtuse; oil-tubes 2-3 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Pedinopetalum domingense Urban & Wolff. 1. Pedinopetalum domingense Urban & Wolff; Urban, Ark. Bot. 22 A430 1929: Stems leafy, with few branches, up to 20 cm. long; leaves ternately bipinnate to 3—4-ternate, the ultimate divisions up to 5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad; petioles 6—8 cm. long, the broad sheath pellucid; peduncles of the lower umbels 2-4 cm. long, the upper umbels sessile; bractlets of the involucel 3—4; rays 1 or 2, or rarely 3, 5—16 mm. long; pedicels 3, rarely 1 or 2, up to 10 mm. long; petals about 0.75 mm. long; anthers small, broadly suborbicular; fruit, including the very short styles, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Santo Domingo, prov. Barabona in Sierra de los Comisarios in pratis pineti prope cacumen 2100 m. alt.,’’ Dominican Republic, Ekman H6818. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLUSTRATION: Ark. Bot. 22A!°: pl. 1. 13. NEONELSONIA Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 306. 1895. Tall, erect, herbaceous but with woody roots, caulescent, branching, essentially glabrous perennials. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately or ternate-pinnately compound, the leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenate, serrate, orlobed. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, or some umbels sessile. Involucre wanting. Involucel of several filiform bractlets longer than the fruit. Fertile rays few, slen- der, spreading, the umbels often proliferating. Fertile pedicels few, filiform. Flowers greenish-yellow; petals obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft tothe base. Fruit ellipsoid- cordate, strongly flattened laterally, glabrous but wrinkled and 5-ridged; ribs filiform; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals and with a small accessory tube on the slope of each adjacent ridge; seed subterete in cross section, the face involute. Type species, Neonelsonia ovata Coult. & Rose. 74 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 1. Neonelsonia ovata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 330725 1895: Plants rather slender, 3-9 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflorescence somewhat scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 dm. long, 2—3-ternate, the leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-9 cm. long, 25-45 mm. broad, acute or acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, crenate, serrate, or lobed toward the base; petioles 2-3 dm. long; peduncles 1-15 cm. long, or some umbels sessile; bractlets 1.5—5 cm. long; fertile rays 2-8, slender, 2-10 cm. long; fertile pedicels 5—18 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Eighteen miles southwest of the city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, alt. 7500-9500 feet, Nelson 1385. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca to Guatemala (Nelson 36406, Pringle 6007). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 9. 14. ERIGENIA Nutt. Gen. 1: 187. 1818. Low, slender, erect, herbaceous, nearly acaulescent, glabrous perennials, from deep-seated globose tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately decompound, the ultimate divi- sions linear or spatulate. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; pedun- cles terminal and axillary, equaling or longer than the leaves. Involucre replaced by a single reduced foliage leaf, shorter than the rays, or wanting. Involucel of oblong or spatulate, foliaceous, entire or toothed bractlets, longer than the flowers and fruit. Rays very few, spread- ing-ascending. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers white; petals spatulate to obovate, without an inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles long and slender, recurving, the stylopodium lack- ing. Carpophore wanting. Fruit orbicular to ellipsoid, incurved at the apex and base, the mericarps nearly kidney-shaped, strongly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, evident, a corky riblike projection running the length of the commissural surface in the middle of each mericarp; oil-tubes small, 1-3 in the intervals, 9-11 on the commissure; seed flattened laterally in cross section, the face deeply sulcate. Type species, Sison bulbosum Michx. (Erigenia bulbosa Nutt.). 1. Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 188. 1818. Sison bulbosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1803. Ligusticum bulbosum Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 315. 1805. Sium pusillum Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 1: 622. 1811. Not S. pusillum Nutt. 1840, Hydrocotyle bipinnata Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 353. 1808 (nomen nudum); Muhl, Cat. 30. 1813. Hydrocotyle dissecta Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 353. 1808. (Nomen nudum.) Hydrocotyle ambigua Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 732. 1814. Hydrocotyle composita Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 190. 1814. Hydrocotyle bulbosa Eaton & Wright, N. Am. Bot. 277. 1840. Plants 5—20 cm. high; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-11 cm. long, 1-12 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions linear to spatulate, 3-12 mm. long, 0.5—-4 mm. broad, obtuse, minutely cuspidate, distinct; petioles 1.5—-2 em. long; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; bractlets of the involucel 6-10 mm. long; rays 1-4, 2—3.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; fruit 3 mm. long, 5 mm. broad. ‘TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Propre Knoxville,’ Tennessee, Michaux ? DISTRIBUTION: New York to the District of Columbia and Alabama, west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Arkansas (Palmer 1598, 33,239, Ruth 2887). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 1, f. 9, 10 (fr.); E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 165; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 73 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 653. 15. OROGENIA S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 120. 1871. Low, delicate, erect, herbaceous, acaulescent or very short-caulescent, glabrous perennials, from a tuberous root crowned with scarious, bladeless sheaths. Leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, 1—3-ternate, or rarely simple, the leaflets narrow, elongate, and usually entire. Petioles partially sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal. Involucre wanting. Involucel of a few minute, narrow, entire bractlets, or wanting. Rays few, spreading, unequal. Pedicels short or obsolete. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles rather short, spreading, the stylopodium Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 75 lacking. Carpophore wanting. Fruit oblong to oval, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, prominent to obscure, the lateral broadly and involutely corky-winged, a corky rib-like projection running the length of the commissural face in the middle of each mericarp; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face slightly concave; distinct groups of strengthening cells evident in the ribs and commissural projection. Type species, Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. Tuber fusiform; fruit obviously flattened, oval; dorsal ribs obscure. _ LO: Sesiormis: Tuber ovoid or globose; fruit subterete, oblong-oval; dorsal ribs prominent. 2. O. linearifolia. 1. Orogenia fusiformis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474. 1887. Plants 5-14 em. high from a fusiform tuber 3-10 mm. in diameter, the basal sheaths slender, oblong, scarious, 2-7 cm. long; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-6 cm. long, 1—3-ternate, the leaflets linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.5—6 cm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute or obtuse; petioles 3-5 cm. long; peduncles 1—3, 2-10 cm. long; involucel of a few minute linear bractlets 1-2 mm. long, or wanting; fertile rays 1-8, 5-30 mm. long; fertile pedicels 2-15, 1 mm. long to obsolete; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, compressed laterally, the dorsal ribs filiform or obsolete, obscure. TYPE LOCALITY: Plumas County, California, Mrs. R. M. Austin. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Oregon to the mountains of northern California (Austin 416, Cusick 2892). 2. Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 120. 1871. Orogenia linearifolia var. lata Payson, Bot. Gaz. 60: 379. 1915. Plants 5-15 cm. high from a globose or ovoid tuber 5—12 mm. in diameter, the basal sheaths slender, oblong, scarious, 1—-6.5 cm. long; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-8 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, the leaflets linear to lanceolate, 1.5—7 cm. long, 1-7 mm. broad, acute, or the first leaves occasionally simple, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, 2-25 mm. broad; petioles 2-8 cm. long; peduncles 1—2, 2-10 cm. long; involucel of 1 or more linear bract- lets 1-3 mm. long, or wanting; fertile rays 1-4, 2-25 mm. long, occasionally sparingly scaberu- lous, glabrate; fertile pedicels 2-8, about 1 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, scarcely compressed, the dorsal ribs filiform, prominent. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Damp shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parleys Park, 7,500 feet alti- tude,’’ Utah, Watson 440. DISTRIBUTION: Montana to Washington, south to Colorado and Utah, 2,000 to 8,000 feet (Cusick 1833, Jones 6325). ILLusTRATIONS: Bot. King’s Expl. pl. 14, f. 1-3; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 165; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. é 74 (fr.); Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 30 (fr.); Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild 1. 333. 16. DONNELLSMITHIA Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 15:15. 1890. Museniopsis Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 122, as to Mexican species, not as to type. 1888. Schiedeophytum H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 419. 1911. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous to scaberulous or puberulent annuals, biennials, or perennials, from a taproot or globose tuber. Leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, 1—4-ternate or ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound with ovate to filiform divisions. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles paniculate, terminal and axillary or verticillate; some umbels frequently sessile. Involucre usually want- ing. Involucel usually wanting. Fertile rays few, spreading-ascending. Fertile pedicels few, spreading-ascending. Flowers yellow or purple; petals oblanceolate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium lacking or depressed. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves approximate. Fruit oval to ellipsoid or obcordate, flattened laterally, glabrous to puberulent; ribs narrow or filiform, prominent to obscure; oil- tubes small, solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, not suleate beneath the tubes, the face plane or sulcate. Type species, Donnellsmithia guatemalensis Coult. & Rose. 76 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, Plants annual or biennial from tuberous to slender or fusiform taproots. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate, usually broader than 5 mm.; fruit orbicular to slightly broader than long, rounded to tapering at the apex. Stylopodium depressed but evident; oil-tubes several in the intervals; fruit tapering at the apex; ribs indistinct. Fertile pedicels | mm. long or less, shorter than the sterile; leaves ternate-pinnately dissected; seed-face plane. 1. D. mexicana. Fertile pedicels 2-6 mm. long, longer than the sterile; leaves 1—2- ternate or 1—2-pinnate; seed-face shallowly sulcate. 2. D. Hintonii. Stylopodium lacking; oil-tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals; fruit rounded at the apex; ribs evident. 3. D. biennis. Leaflets filiform to linear-lanceolate, usually less than 5 mm. broad; fruit oval to oblong, occasionally orbicular, longer than broad, obtuse at the apex. Pedicels 1-3 mm. long; ribs of the fruit evident. 4. D. tuberosa. Pedicels 5—8 mm. long; ribs of the fruit indistinct. Involucre usually present; ultimate divisions of the leaves 5—20 mmm. long; petioles 6—12 cm. long. 5. D. madrensis. Involucre wanting; ultimate divisions of the leaves 20-40 mm. long; petioles 2—5 cm. long. 6. D. submontana. Plants perennial from slender to stout taproots. Flowers purple. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 6-10 mm. broad, serrate, callous-margined. 7. D. reticulata. Leaflets linear-lanceolate to filiform, 0.5-4 mm. broad, entire, not callous-margined except at the apex. 8a. D. peucedanoides ' var. purpurea. Flowers yellow. Leaflets filiform to lanceolate, usually entire. Fruit oval to ovoid, longer than broad. Leaflets 0.5-4 mm. broad, not venose. 8. D. peucedanoides. Leaflets 5-15 mm. broad, strongly venose beneath. 9. D. guatemalensis. Fruit obovoid or ellipsoid, broader than long. 10. D. cordata. Leaflets ovetelanceoiste to orbicular, toothed to pinnately incised or lobed. Involucel of 1 or 2 linear bractlets 1-3 mm. long; fertile pedicels 1-2 mm. long; leaves ternate-pinnately decompound. 11. D. dissecta. Involucel wanting; fertile pedicels 2-6 mm. long; leaves 2—3-ternate. Ovary glabrous; leaflets acute. 12. D. serrata. Ovary puberulent; leaflets obtuse. 13. D. ovata. 1. Donnellsmithia mexicana (B. L. Robinson) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Pimpinella mexicana B. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 164. 1891. Schiedeophytum fallax H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 420. 1911. Schiedeophytum mexicanum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4278): 326. 1927. Annual or biennial from a slender taproot, 6-16 dm. high, the foliage minutely scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, 2-ternate or 2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, 20-50 mm. long, 4-12 mm. broad, mostly distinct, petiolulate to sessile, finely serrate, minutely scaberulous on the veins and the reflexed margins; petioles 5—10 cm. long; uppermost cauline leaves greatly reduced, alternate or opposite, with short, filiform divi- sions; peduncles alternate, 1-2 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 1-5, un- equal, 0.5—1.5 em. long; fertile pedicels 1-3, up to 1 mm. long, shorter than the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium low but evident; fruit orbicular, 1.5—2 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, cordate at the base, rounded but tapering toward the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, indis- tinct; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face plane. Type LocALiTy: ‘‘ Hills of Patzcuaro,”’ Michoacan, Pringle 3331. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Michoac4n and Morelos (Hinton 4649, Pringle 6157). 2. Donnellsmithia Hintonii Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 255. 1941. Annual or biennial from a slender taproot, 6-12 dm. high, the foliage and nodes slightly scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, ternate- pinnately dissected, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, 1-3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, mostly distinct, attenuate at the apex, cuneate at the base, pinnatifid and toothed with entire, apiculate lobes or teeth, minutely scaberulous on the veins and the rachis or glabrate; petioles 5-15 cm. long; uppermost cauline leaves alternate or opposite; peduncles alternate, 0.5—3 cm. long, or Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE Ue frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting, or of a single bract; involucel wanting; rays 3-6, subequal, 6-12 mm. long; pedicels 1-4, 2-6 mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium low but evident; fruit orbicular to obcordate, 1.5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, cordate at the base, rounded but tapering toward the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, indistinct; oil-tubes 2-4 in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face shallowly sulcate. TYPE LocALIty: Oak woods, Salitre, Temascaltepec, Mexico, Hinton 8463. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (state) (Hinton 2329, 4851). 3. Donnellsmithia biennis (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Museniopsis aegopodioides Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 302, as to specimens cited, not as to synonymy, incl. name-bearing synonym. 1895. Museniopsis biennis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 130. 1900. Tauschia biennis F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:32. 1918. Biennial from a slender taproot, 2-12 dm. high, the foliage and nodes slightly scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-8 cm. long, 1—3-ternate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 2-4 cm. long, 15-20 mm. broad, mostly distinct and sessile, acute or obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, coarsely incised or toothed, scaberulous on the veins, margins, and rachis; petioles 5-15 cm. long; cauline leaves with narrower, deeply cleft divisions, the uppermost with few linear divisions; peduncles alternate, 1-5 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting, or of a single bract; pier of 1 or 2 short linear bractlets, or wanting; rays 2-4, 8-15 mm. long; fertile pedicels 1-3, 3-6 mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not eoient: fruit orbicular to obcordate, 2-3 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, evident; oil-tubes 1—several in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Pine woods, hills of Patzcuaro,’’ Michoacan, Pringle 4620. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Michoacan and Morelos (Hinton 7967, Pringle 6150). 4. Donnellsmithia tuberosa (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Museniopsis tuberosa Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 303. 1895. Velaea tuberosa Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Museniopsis tenuissima Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 131. 1900. Museniopsis glauca Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 131. 1900. Museniopsis fusiformis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 337. 1905. Tauschia fusiformis F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:32. 1918. Biennial from a globose or fusiform taproot, 3-8 dm. high, the foliage and nodes scaberulous and puberulent, or glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-9 cm. long, 3—4-ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 5-30 (or 40) mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute and mucronate at the apex, entire, glabrous, or slightly scaberulous on the veins and the rachis; petioles 3-12 cm. long; uppermost cauline leaves mostly opposite with short, filiform divisions; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 1-5 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting, or rarely of a single bract; involucel wanting; rays 2—5 (or 8), subequal, 1—3 (or 5) cm. long; fertile pedicels 1—4, 1-3 mm. long; flowers pale yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit oval to orbicu- lar, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, evident; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 4868. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Jalisco to Oaxaca (Pringle 9815, Purpus 4111). 5. Donnellsmithia madrensis (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Museniopsis madrensis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 130. 1900. Biennial from a globose or branched taproot, 5-8 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10 cm. long, 2—3-ternate or ternate-pinnately 78 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, decompound, the ultimate divisions linear, 5—20 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute and mucronate at the apex, entire; cauline leaves little reduced upwards; petioles 6-12 cm. long; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 2-12 cm. long, or the terminal umbel sessile and often sterile; involucre of 1 or 2 bracts, or rarely wanting; involucel wanting; rays 2-5, unequal, 2-5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-3, 5-8 mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels; flowers pale yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit oval, 2-3 mm. long, cordate at the base, glabrous, the ribs filiform, indistinct; oil-tubes several in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed-face sulcate: TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On top of mountains west of Bolanos,’’ Jalisco, Rose 2966. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 6. Donnellsmithia submontana (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Museniopsis submontana Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 131. 1900. Biennial from a fusiform taproot, 3-5 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in gen- eral outline, excluding the petioles 3-9 cm. long, 2—4-ternately decompound, the ultimate divi- sions linear-lanceolate to linear, 2-4 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, acute and mucronate at the apex, entire; cauline leaves little reduced, with linear, elongate lobes; petioles 2-5 cm. long; peduncles alternate, 2-5 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 4-6, 25-45 mm. long at anthesis; pedicels 5-8 mm. long at anthesis; flowers pale yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; mature fruit unknown, but the ovary glabrous and the ribs apparently indistinct. TypE Locality: “In the foothills between Dolores and Santa Gertrudis, Tepic’”’ (Nayarit), Rose 2004. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 7. Donnellsmithia reticulata (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Museniopsis reticulata Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 133. 1900. Perennial from a stout, vertical taproot, the stem fibrous at the base, about 9 dm. high, glabrous and often glaucous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-10 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, abruptly acute at the apex, tapering at the base, distinct or confluent at the base, sessile, thick and callous-margined, remotely serrate with mucronate teeth, the venation coarsely reticulate, prominent; petioles 5-15 cm. long; upper cauline leaves usually ternate with short, narrow divisions; peduncles alternate, 1-3 cm. long in flower; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, callous-tipped bractlets, 2-4 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers; rays 3-6, 4-6 mm. long at anthesis; pedicels 1-2 mm. long at anthesis; flowers purple; stylopodium depressed, not evident; mature fruit unknown, but the ovary glabrous. TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Durango, Rose 2257. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Durango (Rose 3512). 8. Donnellsmithia peucedanoides (H.B.K.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. ? Peucedanum junceum Humb. & Bonpl.; Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 572. 1820. Cnidium peucedanoides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:15. 1821. Eulophus ternatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 276. 1888. Museniopsis peucedanoides Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 303. 1895. Museniopsis ternata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 303. 1895. Museniopsis ternata var. filifolia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 303. 1895. Museniopsis Schaffneri Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 303. 1895. Velaea peucedanoides Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 35: 169. 1898. Velaea ternata Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Velaea Schaffneri Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Tauschia peucedanoides F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 32. 1918. Perennial from a simple or branched slender taproot, the stem fibrous at the base, 5—10 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-12 (or Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 79 18) em. long, 1—4-ternate, the leaflets linear-lanceolate to filiform, 1-10 cm. long, 0.5-4 mm. broad, acute and callous-tipped at the apex, tapering at the base, entire, glabrous or minutely scaberulous on the veins and on the rachis; petioles 5-25 cm. long; uppermost cauline leaves alternate or opposite, ternate with filiform divisions or entire; peduncles alternate or verticil- late, 2-7 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting, or of a single bract; involucel wanting, or of 1-several short, filiform bractlets, shorter than the fruit; rays 2-6, 1-4 em. long; fertile pedicels 1-4, 2-6 (or 8) mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit oval or ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, rounded to slightly cordate at the base, obtuse or tapering slightly toward the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, evident to indistinct; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Crescit locis montosis temperatis Provinciae Popayanensis, inter La Sequia et fluvium Putes, alt. 700 hex.,’’ Colombia, Humboldt & Bonpland (probably an error since the species is not known from South America). DISTRIBUTION: Sonora to Tamaulipas, south throughout Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras (Hinton 4690, Pringle 1252). 8a. Donnellsmithia peucedanoides var. purpurea (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Museniopsis purpurea Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 132. 1900. Similar to the species, but the flowers purple. TYPE LocALIty: ‘In the Sierra Madre, west of Bolanos,’’ Jalisco, Rose 2974. DistTRIBuTION: Chihuahua, south to Jalisco (Gentry 2627, Rose 2403). 9. Donnellsmithia guatemalensis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 15:15. 1890. Perennial from a slender taproot, 4-9 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-10 cm. long, 2-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, 25-65 mm. long, 5—15 mm. broad, acute or acuminate and callous-tipped at the apex, sessile, entire or occasionally toothed or even incised, the venation coarsely reticulate, scaber- ulous on the surfaces, reflexed margins, veins, and rachis; petioles 5-20 cm. long; uppermost cauline leaves ternate to entire with linear to filiform divisions; peduncles alternate or verticil- late, 3-10 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 bracts; involucel wanting; rays 3-5, 1.5-5 cm. long; pedicels 1-3, 3-6 mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels; flowers pale yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; immature fruit oval, 2-3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, cordate at the base, truncate at the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, evident; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Rosa, Department of Verapaz, Guatemala, H. von Tiirckheim 1311. DistTRiBUTION: Guatemala (Skutch 588, Steyermark 29,663, 30,901). ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 15: pl. 2. 10. Donnellsmithia cordata (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Museniopsis cordata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 304. 1895. Museniopsis scabrella Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 304. 1895. Velaea cordata Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Velaea scabrella Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Tauschia scabrella F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 33. 1918. Perennial from a slender horizontal root, 5-10 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous and the inflorescence puberulent to glabrate; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10 cm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions lanceolate to linear, 5-35 mm. long, 1-6 mm. broad, acute and mucronate at the apex, entire or toothed, scaberulous on the veins and the margins, or glabrate; petioles 10-15 cm. long; lower cauline leaves large, with elongate divisions, the uppermost alternate or opposite, with elongate linear to filiform divisions; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 5-10 cm. long, or frequently some um- 80 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, bels sessile; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 4-6, 25-45 mm. long; fertile pedicels 1-6, 3-6 mm. long, exceeding the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit orbicular to obcordate, 2-3 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, glabrous, the ribs filiform, indistinct; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the com- missure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LocALITy: In dry pine woods, Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 5548. DISTRIBUTION: Puebla to Oaxaca (Pringle 5549, Purpus 7455). 11. Donnellsmithia dissecta (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Museniopsis dissecta Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 304. 1895. Velaea dissecta Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Tauschia pinetorum Brand. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 413. 1924. Perennial from a tuberous root, 3-8 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous and the inflorescence puberulent to glabrate; leaves deltoid-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-12 cm. long, ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets oval to orbicular, 1-2 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, pinnately incised or lobed with linear, acute, and callous-tipped lobes, 2-7 mm. long, minutely scaberulous to glabrate; petioles 5-15 cm. long; cauline leaves greatly reduced; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 4-6 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 1 or 2 linear bractlets, 1-3 mm. long; rays 2-5, subequal, 1.5—3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1 or 2, 1-2 mm. long, shorter than the sterile pedicels; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, rounded at the base and the apex, glabrous, the ribs very narrow, acute, promi- nent; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘From the mountains near Tlapancingo,’’ Oaxaca, Nelson 2062. DistTRIBUTION: Guerrero to Chiapas (Nelson 2242, Purpus 9293). 12. Donnellsmithia serrata (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Museniopsis serrata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 304. 1895. Velaea serrata Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 170. 1898. Perennial from a taproot, 4-10 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 2—3-ternate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 1-4 cm. long, 1-3 em. broad, distinct or the terminal confluent, petiolulate to sessile, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, coarsely serrate and pinnately incised or lobed, the lobes acute and callous-tipped, scaberulous on both surfaces, the veins, the margins, and the rachis; petioles 5-15 em. long; uppermost cauline leaves with linear to filiform, oftén elongate divisions; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 2.5—8 (or 12) cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 4 or 5, 25-45 (or 60) mm. long; fertile pedicels 2-8, 3-6 mm. long, longer than the sterile pedicels, slightly webbed at the base; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; fruit nearly orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, cordate at the base, truncate at the apex, glabrous, the ribs low, filiform, evident; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘From the Cuesta de San Juan del Estado and from the continental divide near Las Sedas,’’ Oaxaca, Pringle 5542. DISTRIBUTION: Puebla to Oaxaca; Guerrero (Purpus 0514). 13. Donnellsmithia ovata (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Museniopsis ovata Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 133. 1900. ? Museniopsis biennis var. pinnatisecta Riley, Kew Bull. 1924: 222. 1924. Perennial from a stout taproot, 3-6 dm. high, scaberulous to puberulent throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-6 cm. long, 2—3-ternate, the leaflets broadly ovate, 1-2 cm. long, 1-2 em. broad, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, sessile, toothed to incised with mucronate teeth, densely scabrous; petioles 3-6 cm. long, scabrous; uppermost Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 81 cauline leaves ternate or entire with oblong to linear divisions; peduncles alternate, 2-9 cm. long at anthesis, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre of 1 or 2 filiform to linear bracts, 3-10 mm. long, or wanting; involucel wanting; rays 3-6, 1-2 cm. long at anthesis; pedicels 2—3 mm. long at anthesis; flowers yellow; stylopodium depressed, not evident; mature fruit unknown, but the ovary orbicular to obcordate, cordate at the base, puberulent. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘East range of the Sierra Madre,’’ Zacatecas, Rose 2361. DISTRIBUTION: Zacatecas (Rose 2394). 17. TAUSCHIA Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 607. 1834; nomen conservandum. Not Zauschia Preissler, 1828. Deweya T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 641. 1840. Museniopsis Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 122, as to type species. 1888. Hesperogenia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 203. 1899. Drudeophytum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 80. 1900. Velaea of authors, in part. Not Velaea DC. 1829. Low or slender, acaulescent to short-caulescent, herbaceous, glabrous to pubescent peren- nials, from taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, entire, pinnate, ternate to ternately decompound, the divisions various. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose com- pound umbels; peduncles terminal, rarely some also axillary, longer than the leaves. In- volucre usually wanting, occasionally of one or more scarious or foliaceous bracts. Involucel dimidiate, of several prominent, linear to ovate, free or connate bractlets, entire, toothed, or divided, longer or shorter than the flowers and fruit. Fertile rays few to numerous, spreading- ascending or spreading. Fertile pedicels rather short, spreading. Flowers yellow, white, or purplish; petals oblanceolate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent to obsolete; styles short, terete or flattened, spreading to reflexed, the stylopodium lacking, at least at maturity. Carpophore 2-cleft to the middle or to the base, the halves approximate or variously divergent. Fruit oblong to orbicular or ellipsoid, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent to filiform, unwinged, obtuse or acute; oil-tubes large to small, solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure, or small and numerous about the seed; seed nearly terete in cross section, the face deeply concave or sulcate. Type species, Tauschia nudicaulis Schlecht. Leaves linear, entire, the venation parallel. 1. T. linearifolia. Leaves variously compound, the venation reticulate. Leaves simply pinnate or ternate. Leaflets all entire, crenate or serrate, never lobed nor divided. Leaflets entire, linear, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. Plants low, 2-4 em. high, puberulent; styles broad and tape-like; Mexico. 2. T. Ehrenbergit. Plants taller, 10-25 cm. high, glabrous to scabrous; styles terete. Flowers yellow; involucel present; fruit oval to suborbicular. Plants glabrous; leaflets lanceolate; fruit suborbicular, 2-2.5 mm. long. 7. T. Stricklandi. Plants scabrous or scaberulous; leaflets linear; fruit oval, about 5 mm. long. 19. T. Johnstoniana. Flowers white; involucel wanting; fruit linear-oblong. 20. T. Hooveri. Leaflets crenate to serrate, ovate to oblong. Plants 3-7 dm. high, glabrous; leaflets 3-8 cm. long, serrate; fruit oblong, 6-9 mm. long; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals; California & Baja California. 9. T. arguta. Plants 0.7-2.7 dm. high, puberulent; leaflets 0.5-2 cm. long, crenate; fruit ovoid, 4-6 mm. long; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; montane southern Mexico. 4. T. nudicaulis. Leaflets, or some of them, variously incised and lobed. Plants more or less pubescent, at least in the inflorescence. F lowers white ribs of the fruit filiform; mericarps purplish at the tip. Foliage pubescent; leaflets 3-6 mm. long; rays 3-5 mm. long; styles flat and tape-like; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals. 3. T. alpina. Foliage glabrous; leaflets 10-25 mm. long; rays 15-50 mm. long; styles terete; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 15. T. Seatoni. Flowers yellow or purplish; ribs of the fruit prominent; meri- carps not purplish at the tip. Leaflets, or some of them, incised or lobed; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 4. T. nudicaulis. 82 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Leaflets all 1—2-pinnately or ternately lobed; oil-tubes several in the intervals. Plants from a stout taproot; leaflets many, crowded; peduncles 10-20 cm. long; fruit with a V-shaped de- pression at the commissure. iB Plants from a short tuberous root; leaflets few, distant; peduncles 2—8 em. long; fruit without a V-shaped de- pression at the commissure. 17. T. humilis. Plants glabrous to scabrous, but not pubescent. Plants acaulescent, 10-40 cm. high; peduncles 7-40 cm. long, equaling to exceeding the leaves. Rays 12-18, 3-6 cm. long; calyx-teeth evident; California. 13. T. Parishii. Rays 3-8, 0.5-2.5 em. long; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; Texas or Mexico. Nn ’, madrensis. Plants glabrous; leaflets ovate. 6. T. texana. Plants scabrous or scaberulous; leaflets linear. 19. T. Johnstoniana. Plants caulescent, 5-8 cm. high; peduncles up to 2 cm. long, shorter than the leaves; Oregon. 12. T. Howellit. Leaves ternate-pinnate to ternately or pinnately decompound. Plants glabrous throughout. Ultimate leaf-divisions filiform to linear-filiform. Plants 1-2 dm. high, acaulescent; bractlets of the involucel greatly exceeding the fruit; fruit with a V-shaped depression at the commissure; ribs about equaling the intervals; oil- tubes solitary in the intervals; Oaxaca. 14. T. filiformis. Plants 3-4 dm. high, short-caulescent; bractlets of the involucel a little shorter than the mature fruit; fruit without a V- shaped depression at the commissure; ribs much narrower than the intervals; oil-tubes numerous; Chihuahua. 16. T. tenuifolia. Ultimate leaf-divisions lanceolate to orbicular. Leaves 2-5 cm. long; leaflets entire; Washington. T. Stricklandi. Leaves 6-15 cm. long; leaflets mucronate-serrate to pinnately ~I lobed. Calyx-teeth minute; fruit suborbicular or ellipsoid, 2—3 mm. long; southern Oregon and northern California. 8. T. glauca. Calyx-teeth evident; fruit oval to oblong, 5-8 mm. long; southern California. 13. T. Parishit. Plants variously pubescent, at least in the inflorescence. Plants acaulescent or nearly so, 2-10 dm. high, scabrous throughout; peduncles 2.5-8 dm. long; California. Bractlets of the involucel several, conspicuous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-12 mm. long, longer than the flowers; leaflets 2.5-6 cm. long. 10. T. Hartwegi. Bractlets of the involucel few, less conspicuous, linear, 3-8 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; leaflets 1.5—3.5 cm. long. ll. T. Kelloggit. Plants caulescent, 1.5-4 dm. high, glabrous except for the puberu- lent inflorescence; peduncles 0.8-2.5 cm. long; Mexico and Michoacan. 18. T. mariana. 1. Tauschia linearifolia Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. PANS 8s e900! Acaulescent or short-caulescent from a thickened taproot, 15-30 cm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves broadly linear in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-20 cm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, simple and entire, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins revolute, the venation parallel; petioles 3-7 cm. long; peduncles 15-25 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of several ovate to orbicular, acuminate, purplish, reticulate bractlets, 3-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 3-6, stout, subequal, 4-7 mm. long; fertile pedicels stout, subequal, 1-2 mm. long, shorter than the sterile; calyx- teeth minute; flowers unknown; styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves divergent for their upper third, to form a Y, the tips slightly incurved; fruit ovoid, tapering at the apex, 5-6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, with a V-shaped depression at the commis- sure, the ribs evident but very narrow, acute; oil-tubes very small, several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE Loca.tty: ‘‘In a swamp on top of the west range of the Sierra Madre near the little Indian hamlet of Santa Gertrudis,’”’ Nayarit, Rose 2104. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 6. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 83 2. Tauschia Ehrenbergii (H. Wolff) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 269. 1930. Musineum Ehrenbergii H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 524. 1910. Acaulescent or short-caulescent from a taproot, 2-4 cm. high, the foliage and inflorescence puberulent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, opposite, distinct, 5-10 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, entire, the margin reflexed; petioles 1-3 cm. long; peduncles 2-3 em. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several lanceolate, entire bractlets, 3-5 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-5, unequal, 5-10 mm. long, puberulent; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, puberulent; flowers white, the anthers purple; styles broad and tape-like, slender, recurved; fruit unknown. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Cerro folado,”” Mexico, Ehrenberg 851. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 3. Tauschia alpina (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 269. 1930. Musineon alpinum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 20: 260. 1895. Acaulescent, decumbent or ascending from a woody caudex, 5-10 cm. high, the foliage pubescent and the inflorescence puberulent; leaves oblong-oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets ovate, obtuse to acute, 3-6 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, deeply incised or lobed, the divisions short, linear-oblong, callous-tipped, the margins reflexed, the rachis pilose at the nodes; petioles 1.5—3 cm. long; peduncles stout, 4—7 cm. long, pilose at the apex; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, entire bractlets, 3-4 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-6, stout, unequal, 3-5 mm. long; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white, the anthers purple; styles long, flat and tape-like, recurved; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves approximate to the tip; fruit oblong-oval, tapering slightly at the apex, 3-4 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, the mericarps purplish at the apex, the ribs filiform but evident; oil-tubes small, 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure; seed channeled under the intervals, the face deeply concave. TYPE Loca.iry: “Cold summit slopes,’’ Nevada de Toluca, Mexico, Pringle 4247. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Tlaxcala (Purpus 252). 4. Tauschia nudicaulis Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 608. 1834. Velaea decumbens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 38. 1840. Arracacia decumbens Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 564. 1880. Arracacia trifida Coult. & Rose; Urbina, Cat. Pl. Mex. 105. 1897. Tauschia decumbens Coult. & Rose; Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 170. 1898. Arracacia tapalpae M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18:62. 1933. Acaulescent or short-caulescent, decumbent or ascending from a stout taproot, 7-27 cm. high, puberulent throughout; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets ovate, distinct or confluent, sessile to petiolulate, 5-20 mm. long, 5—15 mm. broad, crenate to incised or lobed, the margins cartilaginous; petioles 2-10 cm. long; peduncles 5—20 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 3-6 ovate to linear, entire to lobed bractlets, usually exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 3-8, stout, unequal, 5-15 cm. long, puberulent and usually with a glandular ring at the summit; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, puberulent; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit ovoid, tapering at the apex, 4-6 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the ribs prominent, broad and obtuse with very narrow intervals; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘In locis tenui gramine vestitis inter la Joya et San Salvador,’’ Mexico, Schiede DistR1BuTion: Jalisco south to Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Puebla (Pringle 4744, 8880, Pur pus 300). ILLusTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad, 1; 135, 136. 84 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 5. Tauschia madrensis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 138. 1900. Tauschia Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 138. 1900. Acaulescent or short-caulescent, ascending or erect from a stout taproot, 8-30 cm. high, the foliage and inflorescence puberulent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-9 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets ovate, many, mostly opposite, 5-15 mm. long, 1—2-pinnately lobed, the divisions oblong or linear, callous-tipped, 2-5 mm. long; petioles 2-6 cm. long; peduncles 0.8—2 dm. long, puberulent at the summit; involucre wanting, or of a solitary scarious bract; involucel of several linear to ovate, entire or lobed bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-8, stout, unequal, 8-15 mm. long, puberulent; pedicels about 3 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft about one-third of its length, the halves divergent at the very tip, forming a short Y; fruit ovoid, tapering slightly at the apex, 5-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, with a V-shaped depression at the commissure; the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes small, 2-5 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LocALiTy: ‘‘Swampy meadows on the top of the west range of the Sierra Madre near Santa Gertrudis,’’ Nayarit, Rose 2103. DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila and Nuevo Leé6n to Durango and Nayarit (Palmer 386, Pennell 17,124). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 5. 6. Tauschia texana A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 211. 1850. Museniopsis texana Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 123. 1888. Velaea texana Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Acaulescent, decumbent or erect, 1-4 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets ovate, distinct, sessile to petiolulate, 7-15 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the larger pinnately parted or lobed, the divisions cuneate; petioles 5—10 cm. long; peduncles 1—4 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, connate bractlets, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 5-8, unequal, 5-25 mm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft about one-half of its length; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face Seen sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Western Texas, near Austin,’”’ Wright. DISTRIBUTION: Texas (Bush 465, Palmer 4842). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 84 (fr.). 7. Tauschia Stricklandi (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Hesperogenia Stricklandi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 203 1899. Zizia Stricklandi K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 200. 1916. Acaulescent or short-caulescent, 10-25 cm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, pinnate to ternate or bi- ternate, the leaflets lanceolate, distinct, mostly sessile, 10-30 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, entire; petioles 2-10 cm. long; peduncles 5—20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 narrow bracts; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, acute, scarious, sometimes connate bractlets, 1-3 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 3-7, slender, very unequal, up to 15 mm. long; pedicels up to 3 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpo- phore 2-cleft nearly to the base; fruit suborbicular, 2-2.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure, visible on the outside of the fruit; seed-face slightly concave. Type LocaLiry: Mount Rainier, Washington, O. D. Allen 278. DISTRIBUTION: Mount Rainier, Cascade Mountains, Westen (Thompson 5433, 9987). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: pl. 27; 7: pl. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 85 8. Tauschia glauca (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Velaea glauca Coult. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 321. 1895. Drudeophytum glaucum Coult & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 82. 1900. Velaea glauca var. purpurascens J. T. Howell, Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 185. 1939. Short-caulescent to caulescent, 2-4 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate to orbicu- lar in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-13 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate or biternate, the leaflets ovate to orbicular, cuneate at the base, distinct, sessile or petiolulate, 10-17 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad, coarsely mucronate-serrate or lobed toward the base, glaucous beneath; petioles 2-11 cm. long; peduncles 2—4 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of several mi- nute, linear bracts; involucel of several lanceolate bractlets, 1-7 mm. long, about equaling the flowers and fruit; rays 5-12, slender, very unequal, 10-60 mm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow or purplish; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft nearly to the base; fruit suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil- tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4 or 5 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. Type Loca.ity: Glendale, Josephine County, Oregon, Thomas Howell. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Oregon and adjacent California (Cusick 2921, Thompson 4516). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 14; 7: pl. 2. 9. Tauschia arguta (Nutt.) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 32. 1918. Deweya arguia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 641. 1840. Ligusticum argutum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 641, assyn. 1840. Arracacia arguta Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 419. 1878. Velaea arguta Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 120. 1888. Velaea arguta var. ternata Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 282. 1889. Short-caulescent from a long, inflated taproot, 3-7 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-16 cm. long, 5-10 cm. broad, pin- nate or trifoliate by reduction, the leaflets oblong to oval, distinct, usually petiolulate, 3-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, finely to coarsely mucronate- or spinulose-serrate and often with 1 or 2 lobes at the base; petioles 6-20 cm. long; peduncles 17—46 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, entire or lobed bractlets, 2-10 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 12-25, unequal, 2-12 cm. long; pedicels 3—9 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit oblong, 6-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the ribs very prominent, acute; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Woods of San Diego,’’ California, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal southern California to Baja California (Elmer 3938, Jones 3027). ILLUSTRATIONS: Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. pl. 26; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 79; Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild Fl. 337; Madrofio 1: 141; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 353. 10. Tauschia Hartwegi (A. Gray) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 32. 1918. Deweya Hartwegi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 342. 1868. Velaea Hartwegi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 121. 1888. Drudeophytum Hartwegi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:81. 1900. Acaulescent from a taproot, 3-10 dm. high, minutely scabrous throughout; leaves oblong to broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 12-24 cm. long, 10-20 cm. broad, 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, confluent, sessile, narrowed at the base, 25-60 mm. long, 10-35 mm. broad, coarsely mucronate-serrate and often lobed at the base; petioles 5-25 cm. long; peduncles stout, 25-80 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1 or more narrow, foliaceous bracts; involucel of several lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, entire, reflexed bractlets, 5-12 mm. long, exceeding the flowers and fruit; rays 10-30, unequal, 2-13 cm. long; pedicels 2-7 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base; fruit suborbicular, 4-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. 86 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Type Loca.ity: “On the Sacramento, northern Sierra Nevada foothills,’ California, Hartweg. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills of central California (Elmer 4441, Heller 8913). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 80; Madrofio 1: 142. 11. Tauschia Kelloggii (A. Gray) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 29. 1919. Deweya Kelloggii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 343. 1868. Velaea Kelloggii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 121. 1888. Drudeophytum Kelloggii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 81. 1900. Acaulescent, or nearly so, from a taproot, 2—7 dm. high, minutely scabrous throughout; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-20 cm. long, 10-22 em. broad, 1—3-ternate or -ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, confluent, cuneate at the base, 15-35 mm. long, 10-20 mm. broad, coarsely mucronate-serrate and often incised or lobed; petioles 5-15 cm. long; peduncles 20-50 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few linear, entire bractlets, 3-8 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 10—20, unequal, 2-12 cm. long; pedicels 3-15 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft nearly to the base; fruit suborbicular, 3-5 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Bolinas Bay near San Francisco, Marin County, California, Kellogg. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal southern Oregon, south to central California (Elmer 4928, Heller 10,811). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 627. 12. Tauschia Howellii (Coult. & Rose) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb./56:/32., 1918: Velaea Howellii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 122. 1888. Drudeophytum Howellii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 82. 1900. Short-caulescent, 5-8 cm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 1.5—3 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, pinnate or ternate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, confluent, sessile, 5-15 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad, irregularly pungent-dentate and lobed, thick, the margins revolute; petioles 2-3 cm. long; peduncles up to 2 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several bractlets like the foliage leaves, 1-2 cm. long, greatly exceeding the flowers and fruit; rays 3-5, 8-16 mm. long, or some umbellets sessile; pedicels up to 5 mm. long; calyx-teeth prominent; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore unknown; fruit oblong, 2-4 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face unknown, but presumably concave to sulcate. Typr LocaLiry: “Top of Siskiyou Mountains,’ Jackson County, Oregon, Thomas Howell 711. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality (Howell 1366). 13. Tauschia Parishii (Coult. & Rose) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:32. 1918. Velaea Parishii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 121. 1888. Arracacia Parishii Greene, Fl. Fran. 318. 1892. Drudeophytum Parishii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 82. 1900. Cymopterus owenensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 26. 1908. Acaulescent, 1-4 dm. high, glabrous and more or less glaucous throughout; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, 5—10 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate or pinnate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, distinct, narrowed or petiolulate at the base, 15-40 mm. long, 10-25 mm. broad, pinnately lobed and coarsely mucronate-serrate; petioles 5-15 cm. long; peduncles 10-30 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few linear, entire bractlets, 5-12 mm. long, usually shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 12-18, subequal, 3—6 cm. long; pedicels 2-7 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; flowers yellow; styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-parted two-thirds of the way to the base; fruit oblong to oval, 5—8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 4 or 5 in the intervals, 8-10 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 87 TYPE LOCALITY: San Bernardino Mountains, California, S. B. & W. F. Parish 1827. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern California (Hall & Babcock 5082, Parish 2379). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 628. 14. Tauschia filiformis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 137. 1900. Arracacia filiformis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 296. 1895 (nomen subnudum) ; Coult. & Rose in Hook. Ic. pl. 2429. 1896. Slender, caulescent, erect from a stout taproot, 1-2 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-7 cm. long, ternate-pinnately decom- pound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 5-25 mm. long, entire or few-toothed; petioles 5-12 em. long; peduncles slender, 7-15 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear- spatulate, entire or trifid bractlets, 1-2 cm. long, exceeding the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 4-8, slender, very unequal, 20-80 mm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white or purplish; styles short, reflexed; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves divergent for their apical third, forming a Y; fruit oblong-oval, truncate, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, with a V-shaped depression at the commissure, the ribs low and obtuse, about equaling the intervals; oil-tubes rather large, flattened, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face con- cave to slightly sulcate. Typgs Locatity: Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 4714. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Oaxaca (Nelson 621, 1088). ILLUSTRATIONS: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 4, 6; Hook. Ic. pl. 2429. 15. Tauschia Seatoni Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 136. 1900. Arracacia nudicaulis Coult. & Rose; Seaton, Proc. Am. Acad. 28:119. 1893. Not Tauschia nudi- caulis Schlecht. 1834. Slender, acaulescent, erect, 1-4 dm. high, glabrous except for the puberulent inflorescence; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-7 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets ovate-deltoid at the base of the leaf, linear near the apex, distinct, sessile to petiolulate, 10-25 mm. long, 2-20 mm. broad, the basal deeply pinnatifid, the upper entire, all glaucous beneath; petioles slender, 2-8 cm. long; peduncles 7-30 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of an occasional filiform bract; involucel of a few filiform, entire bractlets, exceeding the flowers but mostly shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-6, slender, unequal, 15-50 mm. long, puberulent; pedicels 3-6 mm. long, puberulent; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white; styles slender, purplish, reflexed; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves divergent for their apical third, forming a Y; fruit oblong-oval, tapering slightly at the apex, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad, the tips of the mericarps purplish, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes small, solitary in the inter- vals, usually 2 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face concave or slightly sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Pine woods, Mount Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Seaton 199. DIsTRIBUTION: Known only from Mount Orizaba (Pringle 8547, Purpus 7454). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 136. 16. Tauschia tenuifolia (S. Wats.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 122. 1941. Eulophus tenuifolius S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 276. 1888. Velaea tenuifolia Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 169. 1898. Museniopsis tenuifolia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 302. 1895. Slender, short-caulescent, erect from a stout taproot, the base of the stem densely fibrous, 3-4 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, 8-12 cm. long, 4-7 cm. broad, ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, en- tire, callous-tipped, 4-10 mm. long; petioles slender, 6-12 cm. long; peduncles slender, 15-25 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of several obovate, palmately divided bractlets, exceeding the flowers but a little shorter than the fruit; fertile 88 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, rays 3-6, slender, 15-30 mm. long; pedicels stout, 2-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers unknown; styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft about one-half of its length, the halves divergent for their apical sixth and then incurved, forming an “‘eye’’; fruit ovoid, tapering slightly at the apex, 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the ribs low and filiform, much narrower than the intervals; oil-tubes very small and numerous all around the seed; seed crescent-shaped in cross section, the face deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In cafions of the Sierra Madre,’’ Chihuahua, Pringle 1518. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 17. Tauschia humilis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 138. 1900. Caulescent, decumbent to ascending from a short tuberous root, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous except for the puberulent inflorescence; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets few, distinct, 4-12 mm. long, pinnately or ternately divided, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, callous-tipped, entire, 2-20 mm. long; petioles 1-5 cm. long; peduncles slender, 2-8 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few linear, entire bractlets, 2-3 mm. long, about equaling the flowers, or occasionally wanting; fertile rays 4-6, slender, unequal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels slender, 1-2 mm. long, puberulent; calyx-teeth minute; flowers greenish-yellow or purplish; styles short, recurved, from a con- spicuous crenulated disk; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves approximate throughout; fruit ovoid, tapering at the apex, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, the ribs prominent, obtuse; oil-tubes small, several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Pringle 6954. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains, Hidalgo to Michoacan (Lyonnet 501, Pringle 7896, 9818). 18. Tauschia mariana (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose; Drude in EB. & P. Nat. Pa. 38: 170: 1898. Arracacia mariana 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 136. 1891. Tauschia Roseana H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 418, ex deser. 1911. Slender, short-caulescent, decumbent to ascending from a woody root, 15-40 cm. high, glabrous except for the puberulent inflorescence; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear- lanceolate to linear-oblong, 10-25 mm. long, saliently toothed; petioles 3-5 cm. long; peduncles slender, 8-25 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of an occasional linear bract; involucel of several linear bractlets, 4-6 mm. long, often exceeding the flowers and occasionally the fruit; fertile rays 3-7, unequal, 5-13 mm. long, puberulent; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, puberulent; calyx-teeth minute; flowers yellow or purplish; styles slender, recurved; carpophore 2-cleft about one-fourth of its length, the halves approximate throughout; fruit oval, tapering at the apex, 6-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes small, 2 or 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On hillsides at Flore de Maria,’’ Mexico, Pringle 3480. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains, Mexico (state) to Michoac4n (Arséne 3382, Hinton 583, Pringle 4198). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 4, a. 19. Tauschia Johnstoniana Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 70:58. 1943. Acaulescent, cespitose, 10-15 cm. high, the foliage and inflorescence scabrous or scaberu- lous; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2—6.5 cm. long, 2—4 em. broad, pinnate to partially bipinnate, the leaflets linear, opposite, distinct, 5-40 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, entire, mucronate; petioles 3-5 cm. long, narrowly scarious-margined below; peduncles 7—9 cm. long, equaling to exceeding the leaves; involucre of 1 or 2 linear bracts; involucel of several linear bractlets, 1-5 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-5, subequal, 10-15 mm. long, scaberulous; pedicels about 1 mm. long; flowers yellow; styles terete, slender, recurved; fruit oval, about 4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, with a Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 89 V-shaped depression at the commissure, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes small, several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face sulcate. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘On mountain top 7 kilometers southwest of Miquihauana, Tamaulipas,”’ Stanford, Retherford & Northcraft 682. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 20. Tauschia Hooveri Math. & Const. Madrono 7:65. 1943. Acaulescent with a pseudoscape from a globose tuber, 10-14 cm. high, glabrous and glaucous throughout; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-5 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad, pinnate to partially bipinnate, the leaflets linear, acuminate, 15-35 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, entire, callous-tipped, the margins reflexed; petioles 2-3 cm. long; pedun- cles slender, 2-4 cm. long; involucre and involucel wanting; fertile rays 3-7, stout, unequal, 2-10 mm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers white, the anthers purple; styles short, filiform, recurved; carpophore 2-cleft about half-way to the base, the halves approximate to the tip; fruit linear-oblong, tapering slightly at the apex, 5-7 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, glaucous, the ribs filiform but evident; oil-tubes small, usually 1 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face nearly plane. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Near Cowiche,’’ Yakima County, Washington, Hoover 5689. DISTRIBUTION: Yakima County, Washington (Hoover 5616). ILLUSTRATION: Madrojio 7: 66. 18. OREONANA Jepson, Madrono 1: 140. 1923. Low, cespitose, herbaceous, acaulescent, tomentose to rarely glabrate perennials, from a stout taproot. Leaves petiolate, pinnately or ternately decompound, the ultimate divisions somewhat rigid, small, oblong, crowded, callous-margined and cuspidate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of subcapitate compound umbels; peduncles terminal, equaling or exceeding the leaves. Involucre wanting. Involucel dimidiate, the linear or lanceolate lobes acute, con- spicuous, shorter than the flowers and fruit. Rays few to numerous, short and stout, spreading, winged or wingless. Pedicels of the sterile flowers filiform, elongate, longer than the fruit and rays, those of the fertile flowers obsolete. Flowers white or purplish; petals spatulate or ob- lanceolate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth ovate or lanceolate, acute, conspicuous or inconspicuous; styles short or slender, flattened and tape-like, the stylopodium lacking. Carpo- phore 2-cleft one-half of its length or to the base. Fruit ovoid, slightly flattened laterally, tomentose or rarely glabrate; ribs filiform, rounded, evident; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face sulcate. Type species, Drudeophytum Clementis M. E. Jones (Oreonana Clementis Jepson). Rays membranously winged; sterile pedicels 2-5 mm. long, slightly longer than the fruit; calyx-teeth of sterile flowers conspicuous; carpophore 2-cleft one-half of its length; styles slender. 1. O. Clementis. Rays not winged; sterile pedicels 10-15 mm. long, much longer than the fruit and rays; calyx-teeth of sterile flowers inconspicuous; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; styles rather short. 2. O. vestita. 1. Oreonana Clementis (M. E. Jones) Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 715. 1925. ? Drudeophytum stellatum Eastw.; C. F. Baker, W. Am. Pl. 3: a 1904. (Nomen nudum.) Drudeophytum Clementis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14: 33. 1912. Pycnothryx Clementis Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14: 33. 1912. (ened provisorium.) Oreonana californica Jepson, Madrofio 1: 140. 1923. Plants 3-8 cm. high, tomentose to rarely glabrate; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-35 mm. long, 15-40 mm. broad, the ultimate divisions 1-3 mm. long; petioles 2-4 em. long; peduncles 2-7 cm. long; rays 5-15, 2-8 mm. long, membranously winged; sterile pedicels 2-5 mm. long, slightly longer than the fruit; flowers white, the styles slender; carpo- phore 2-cleft one-half of its length; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, tomentose to glabrate. Type Loca.ity: Alpine, Mount Whitney and Kearsage Pass, California, Mrs. Joseph Clemens. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Sierra Nevada, California, at 6,000-12,000 feet (Hall & Babcock 5469, Purpus 1479). ILLusTRATIONS: Madrofio 1: 140; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 714, f. 698. 90 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 2. Oreonana vestita (S. Wats.) Jepson, Madrono 1: 141. 1923. Deweya veslita S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882. Velaea vestita Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 122. 1888. Drudeophytum vestitum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 83. 1900. Tauschia vestita F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 32. 1918. Plants 4-15 cm. high, densely tomentose; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—5 em. long, 2-4.5 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions 3-10 mm. long; petioles 2-10 cm. long; peduncles 4-12 cm. long; rays 10-25, 1-2 em. long, not winged; sterile pedicels 10-15 mm. long, much longer than the fruit and rays; flowers white or purplish, the styles rather short; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, densely tomentose. TYPE LOCALITY: Summit of Mount Baldy (Mt. San Antonio), near San Bernardino, California, S. B. & W.F. Parish. DistTRIBUTION: Mountains of southern California, at 6,500 to 10,000 feet (Ewan 9354, Johnston 1413, Mathias 934). 19. OTTOA H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 20. 1821. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, subscapose, glabrous to scaberulous perennials, from long fusiform roots. Leaves chiefly basal, reduced to fistulose, transversely septate, entire petioles or phyllodes. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence a loose compound umbel; peduncle terminal, usually longer than the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel inconspicuous or wanting. Fertile rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, the cen- tral flower of each umbellet sessile or subsessile. Flowers white; petals oval with a narrow inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender, recurved, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, ob- tuse; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face deeply sulcate. Type species, Ottoa oenanthoides H.B.K. 1. Ottoa oenanthoides H.B.K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5:20. 1821. Oenanthe quitensis Spreng. Syst. 1: 888. 1825. Plants 25-55 em. high, minutely scaberulous at the base of the umbel; phyllodes 10-55 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad; cauline leaves similar, 3-8 cm. long; peduncles 2-4 dm. long; involucre usually wanting, rarely of | linear bract about 15 mm. long; involucel usually wanting, occa- sionally of 1 or 2 inconspicuous bractlets; rays 5-15, 1—4 fertile, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2-4.5 cm. long, the sterile 8-15 mm. long, often scaberulous at the base of the umbel; pedicels 4-8 mm. long, the central fruit sessile or subsessile; flowers white; fruit 6-7 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad. TypE LOCALITY: ‘In montosis umbrosis inter San Vincente et villa de Ybarra Quitensium,”’ Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Guatemala to Ecuador (Hinton 14,267, Pringle 4644, Steyermark 34,215). ILLUSTRATION: H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: pl. 423. 20. ARRACACIA Bancroft, Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica 1825: 3. 1825. Pentacrypta Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamburg 16. 1828. Arracacha DC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40:78. 1829. Bancroftia Billb. Linn. Samf. Handl. 1:39. 1833. Velaea DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 61. 1829. Vellea D. Dietr.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 746. 1841. Nematosciadium H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 418. 1911. Triphylleion Siisseng. Bot. Jahrb. 72: 278. 1942. Stout or slender, erect, herbaceous or somewhat woody, caulescent, branching or simple, glabrous to pubescent perennials, from taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, once or several times ternate, pinnate, or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets or ultimate divisions various. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose to somewhat compact compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, or rarely only terminal, occasionally some umbels sessile. In- Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 91 volucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract, or of several inconspicuous bracts. Involucel of few short to long, narrow bractlets, shorter to longer than the fruit or wanting. Fertile rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending to divaricate and reflexed. Fertile pedicels few, spread- ing-ascending to reflexed. Flowers white to purple, greenish-yellow or greenish; petals oblanceolate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short to long, erect to spreading or reflexed, the stylopodium conic and conspicuous to depressed and indistinct. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base or only bifid at the apex, flat or terete. Fruit lanceolate to ovoid, usually narrowed at the apex, flattened laterally, glabrous or pubescent; ribs prominent, acute to obtuse, or filiform and indistinct; oil-tubes solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, often channeled under the tubes, the face sulcate or concave. Type species, Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. Stylopodium evident, conic. Ovary and fruit glabrous. Involucel wanting or of a few minute bractlets. Plants slender, 1 m. or less high; leaflets acuminate or obtuse, sharply spinulose-serrate or crenate (or if entire, the leaves 3-foliate). Leaves 2-3-ternate, scaberulous; leaflets spinulose-serrate; fruit 7-10 mm. long. 1. A. Hemsleyana. Leaves 3-foliate, glabrous; leaflets obtusely crenate; fruit 3-5 mm. long. Leaflets 3-parted, 2—3 cm. broad; involucre and involucel wanting; oil-tubes several in the intervals. 2. A. Schiedet. Leaflets entire, 0.5 cm. broad; involucre and involucel present; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 3. A. chirripoi. Plants stout, 1-3 m. high; leaflets acute, sharply and remotely serrate to entire or deeply cleft. Plants herbaceous; inflorescence bracteate above; rays spreading-ascending; flowers greenish-yellow. Leaflets lanceolate; inflorescence with several verticils of peduncles. 4. A. tolucensis. Leaflets linear-oblong to filiform; inflorescence cymosely branched. 4a. A. tolucensis var. multifida. Plants woody; inflorescence bractless above; rays spreading to reflexed; flowers purple. 5. A. fruticosa. Involucel present, the bractlets about equaling or exceeding the flowers. Plants glabrous throughout or variously pubescent only in the inflorescence. Plants herbaceous; roots or basal portions never woody. Plants stout, 1-3 m. high. Inflorescence glabrous; bractlets exceeding the fruit; fertile rays 5-13, not webbed at the base; carpo- phore cleft one-third of its length. 6. A. bracteata. Inflorescence puberulent; bractlets shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 15-30, webbed; carpophore cleft to the base. 7. A. rigida. Plants slender, 1 m. or less high. Cauline leaves reduced above to bladeless sheaths; uppermost umbels mostly sterile; fruit lanceolate or narrowly ovoid, 6—10 mm. long. 8. A. Nelsoni. Cauline leaves with blades; uppermost umbels fertile; fruit ovoid to oblong, 3-6 mm. long. Bractlets of the involucel filiform, 3-7 mm. long; fertile pedicels slender, 4-12 mm. long; fruit 4-6 mm. long, the ribs filiform. Leaves 10-15 cm. long; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid; oil-tubes several in the intervals. 9. A. longipedunculata. Leaves 3-10 cm. long; peduncles 10-40 cm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 10. A. aegopodioides. Bractlets of the involucel linear, 2-4 mm. long; fertile pedicels stout, 1-3 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, the ribs prominent. 1l. A. arguta. Plants woody below or from stout woody roots. Bractlets of the involucel 1—6, conspicuous, lanceolate, ovate or cuneate, dentate, lacerate or rarely entire, often exceeding the mature fruit. 12. A. atropurpurea. Bractlets of the involucel 1—-several, filiform or linear, en- tire, never exceeding the mature fruit. 92 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Cauline leaves reduced above to bladeless sheaths; uppermost umbels mostly sterile; carpophore cleft one-fourth to one-third of its length. Cauline leaves with blades; uppermost umbels fertile; carpophore cleft to the base. Rays 6-21 cm. long; fertile pedicels 10-30 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow; Baja Cali- fornia. Plants 1-2.5 m. high; leaves 10-30 cm. long. Rays 1-4 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-6 mm. long; flowers white, cream, or purple. Plants woody; inflorescence several times ver- ticillate. Plants herbaceous from stout woody roots; in- florescence alternately branched or once verticillate. Peduncles mostly alternate; bractlets of the involucel 6-12 mm. long; rays 8-20; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers white or cream-colored; Oaxaca. Peduncles verticillate above; bractlets of the involucel 3-5 mm. long; rays 5-6; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; flowers purple; ‘Tamaulipas. Plants with variously pubescent foliage. Plants woody below or from stout woody roots. Stems shrubby below; leaves 6-12 cm. in diameter; fruit 5-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. 1 Stems herbaceous from a woody base or root; leaves 10-30 cm. in diameter; fruit 7-12 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad. Rays 6-21 cm. long; fertile pedicels 10-30 mm. long; leaflets sharply serrate or doubly serrate; flowers greenish-yellow; Baja California. Plants 1—2.5 m. high; leaves 10-30 cm. long. Plants 6-8 dm. high; leaves 6-10 cm. long. 1 Rays 2-3.5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 3-6 mm. long; leaflets coarsely toothed and lobed; flowers purple; ‘Tamaulipas. Plants herbaceous; roots or basal portions never woody. Plants slender, 3-9 dm. high; fertile rays 3-8; fruit 3-5 mm. long, 2—3 mm. broad. Bractlets of the involucel linear, 2-4 mm. long; fertile pedicels stout, 1-3 mm. long; fruit 3—-+ mm. long, the ribs prominent. Bractlets of the involucel filiform, about 5 mm. long; fertile pedicels slender, 4-8 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, the ribs indistinct. Plants stout, 10-70 dm. high; fertile rays 9-20; fruit 6-8 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad. Bractlets of the involucel not dimidiate; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Leaflets broadly ovate; bractlets of the involucel linear, 2-3 mm. long; Guerrero. Leaflets lanceolate-acuminate; bractlets of the involucel lanceolate-acuminate, 5-10 mm. long; Guatemala. Bractlets of the involucel dimidiate; oil-tubes several in the intervals. Ovary and fruit pubescent. Stylopodium indistinct, depressed. Ovary and fruit pubescent. Ovary and fruit glabrous. Flowers purplish; umbels subcompact, globose; rays 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit 8-14 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad. Flowers yellow or white; umbels spreading; rays 1—4 cm. long; fruit 4-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. Leaves callous-margined; bractlets of the involucel conspicuous and exceeding the fruit, 5-20 mm. long; ribs of the fruit obtuse; seed not channeled beneath the tubes. Leaves not callous-margined; bractlets of the involucel incon- spicuous and usually shorter than the fruit, 2-10 mm. long ribs of the fruit acute; seed channeled beneath the tubes. [VoLUME 28B, 8. A. Nelsoni. 13. A. Brandegei. Plants 6-8 dm. high; leaves 6-10 cm. long. 13a. A. Brandegei var. sylvatica. 14, 155 2a. 13. 3a. 15. A. 11. 22% eA A. A. A. fruticosa. Pringlei. ternata, altropur purea var. brevipes. A. A, Brandegei. Brandegei var. sylvatica. > Pb ternata. . arguta, . longipedunculata. . ovata, . Donnell-Smithii. . xanthorrhiza, . pubescens. . anomala. . compacta, . edulis. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 93 Leaves pinnate to partially 2-pinnate; leaflets obtuse; cauline sheaths narrow; fertile rays 4-8. 23. A. vaginata. Leaves ternate, then 1—2-pinnate; leaflets acute; cauline sheaths conspicuously inflated; fertile rays 12-20. 24. A. Schneideri. 1. Arracacia Hemsleyana Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 141. 1900. Arracacia acuminata sensu Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 564. 1880. Not A. acuminata Benth. 1845. Slender, caulescent, branching, 6-10 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2.5 dm. long, 2~-3-ternate, the leaflets ovate- lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, distinct and petiolulate or the ultimate leaflets confluent and sessile, 3-S em. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, sharply spinulose- serrate and often lobed toward the base, scaberulous on the veins beneath; petioles 5—25 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, sessile with short sheaths; inflores- cence divaricately and usually trichotomously branched, the terminal umbels sessile or short- pedunculate, the peduncles mostly less than 10 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel want- ing, or of a few minute bractlets; fertile rays 5-10 (or 14), slender, spreading, 1-3.5 cm. long, the umbellets frequently proliferating; fertile pedicels 2-5, spreading, 3-7 mm. long; flowers pur- plish, the petals obovate; stylopodium conic, the styles short, stiffly erect; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, rather lax; fruit oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs very prominent, acute; oil-tubes medium-large, solitary or with 1 or 2 smaller accessories in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed slightly channeled under the larger tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Mt. Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Seaton 97. DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi to Vera Cruz (Pringle 5016, Purpus 1420). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 9. 2. Arracacia Schiedei (H. Wolff) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Nematosciadium Schiedei H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 419. 1911. Slender, caulescent, simple or branching, 3-5 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles about 0.5 dm. long, trifoliate or 3-parted, the leaflets lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, distinct, petiolulate to subsessile, 2-4 cm. long, 2-3 em. broad, 3-parted, obtusely crenate or obsoletely lobed; petioles about 5 cm. long, broadly short-sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal; inflorescence simple or branching, the peduncles long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 6~9, fili- form, the outer spreading, the others divaricate, up to 5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1—3, capillary, erect, up to 20 mm. long, those of the sterile flowers reflexed, up to 10 mm. long; flowers white, the petals obovate-rotund; stylopodium short-conic, the styles short, reflexed; carpophore 2-parted; fruit narrowly oblong-ovoid, about 5 mm. long, tapering at the apex and base, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes large, 3 or 4 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face deeply and narrowly sulcate. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In sylvis prope Encarnacion,’’ Mexico, Schiede. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 3. Arracacia chirripoi (Siisseng.) Math. & Const. comb. nov. Triphylleion chirripoi Siisseng. Bot. Jahrb. 72: 279. 1942. Slender, caulescent, branching from a woody base borne on a rootstock (?), 3-5 dm. high, glabrous; leaves triangular-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3 cm. long, tri- foliate, the leaflets broadly oblanceolate, obtuse, mucronate at the apex, sessile, 2.5—3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, entire; petioles slender, 3 cm. long, scarious-sheathing at the base; cauline leaves numerous, like the basal; inflorescence simple, the peduncles terminal, 2.5—5 cm. long; involucre of 2 or 3 foliaceous bracts (possibly aberrant leaves?), up to 1 em. long; involucel of 2 or more (?) bractlets; fertile rays about 6, spreading-ascending, 8-15 mm. long; fertile pedicels few, spread- 94 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, ing-ascending; flowers unknown; stylopodium conic; carpophore 2-cleft to about the middle slender; fruit lanceolate, 3 mm. long, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 1 or 2 on the commissure; seed unchanneled, the face concave. TYPE Loca.ity: “‘Chirripo grande,’’ Costa Rica, Kupper 1180. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 4. Arracacia tolucensis (H.B.K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Bot. 1: 564. 1880. Ligusticum tolucense H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:19. 1821. Cnidium tolucense Spreng. Syst. 1: 888. 1825. Velaea toluccensis DC. Prodr. 4: 231. 1830. Arracacia montana Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 142. 1900. Stout, caulescent, branching, about 1 m. high, the foliage more or less scaberulous and the inflorescence puberulent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3.5 dm. long, 3-4-ternate or 3—4-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acute with a prominent callous point, cuneate at the base, distinct or the terminal confluent, 3-8 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. broad, sharply and remotely serrate, the teeth callous-pointed, usually lobed toward the base, scaberulous on the veins and margins beneath, or glabrate; petioles 10-20 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, the uppermost usually opposite, greatly reduced and often simple, with obsolete sheaths; inflorescence with several verticils of slender peduncles 3-12 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting or of a few small bractlets; rays 6-12, slender, spreading- ascending, subequal, 1.5-3 cm. long, slightly webbed at the base and often puberulent; pedicels short, spreading-ascending, 2-3 mm. long, webbed at the base and often puberulent; flowers greenish-yellow; stylopodium conic, the styles short, erect or spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, lax; fruit ovoid-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. Tyee Locatity: “Locis alpinis Novae Hispaniae, inter Tolucam et Ishlahuacam,” Mexico, Humboldt & Bonpland. _DistRrBuTION: Nuevo Leén and Coahuila, south to Jalisco and Mexico (state) (Rose 2884a, 3585). ILLUSTRATIONS: H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: pl. 422; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 2, f. H. 4a. Arracacia tolucensis var. multifida (S. Wats.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Arracacia multifida S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 136. 1891. Arracacia dissecta Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 141. 1900. Arracacia Dugesii Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 141. 1900. Arracacia tenuifolia Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 10: 127. 1906. Stout, 1-3 m. high; leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear- oblong to filiform, 1-6 cm. long, 0.5—4 (rarely 10) mm. broad, entire or somewhat saliently toothed or serrate; petioles 1-4 dm. long; rays mostly 10-25; pedicels usually 2-5 mm. long; fruit tapering at the apex and base. TYPE Locality: ‘‘On hills at Rio Hondo,” Mexico, Pringle 3620. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Durango, south to Mexico (state) and Oaxaca (Pringle 11,995, 6650, Purpus 5861, 6513). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 8. 5. Arracacia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 10: 127. 1906. Caulescent, woody, branching, 1 m. or more high, glabrous except for the usually puberu- lent inflorescence; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4.5 dm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately dissected, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—4 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 cm. broad, sharply toothed and deeply cleft, the ultimate divisions or lobes lanceolate, acute, 1-2 cm. long, glabrous; petioles 8-11 cm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 95 sessile with broadly dilated sheaths; inflorescence several times verticillate, bractless or with a pair of bracts at the base of the earliest branches only, the peduncles numerous, slender, 8-20 em. long, or the terminal umbel short-pedunculate; involucre wanting; involucel wanting, or of several filiform bractlets, 3-10 mm. long; rays 12-22, spreading or reflexed, subequal, 1.5—4 cm. long, webbed and often puberulent at the base; pedicels spreading to reflexed, 2-4 mm. long, webbed at the base and usually puberulent; flowers purple, the petals obovate; stylopodium low-conic, the styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, lax; fruit oblong-oval, abundant, 7-10 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering slightly at the apex and base, the ribs prominent, rather broad and acute; oil-tubes large, solitary or with 1 or more accessories in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Near the base of the red hills east of Tehuacan,’’ Puebla, Rose, Painter & Rose 10,125. DISTRIBUTION: Puebla (Purpus 7449, 7512). 6. Arracacia bracteata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 295. 1895. Arracacia chiapensis Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 140. 1900. Stout, caulescent, branching, 1-3 m. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 dm. long, 2—4-ternate or 2-4-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, petiolulate or sessile, 5-12 cm. long, 1.5—6 cm. broad, simply and sharply mucronate-serrate; petioles 1-4 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves reduced upwards with moderately dilated petioles; inflorescence of few alternate peduncles, these stout, 10-25 cm. long, or occasionally some umbels sessile; involucre wanting or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of 2-5 linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or dentate bractlets 1-2 cm. long, usually exceeding the fruit; fertile rays 5-13, slender, spread- ing-ascending, 3-10 cm. long; pedicels stout, spreading-ascending, 4-8 mm. long; flowers green- ish-yellow or purplish, the petals obovate; stylopodium conic, the styles short, spreading or erect; carpophore 2-cleft about one-third of its length; fruit ovoid, abundant, 7-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes very large, solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TyPE LocALity: In wet canyons, Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 4675. re a Oaxaca and Chiapas, south to Guatemala (Nelson 3770, Seler 2287, Standley ; ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 7. 7. Arracacia rigida Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 143. 1900. Stout, caulescent, branching, 1-2 m. high, the inflorescence puberulent, otherwise glabrous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3.5 dm. long, 2—4-ternate or 2-4-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, cordate or rounded at the base, distinct, petiolulate to sessile, 5-12 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, sharply and coarsely mucronate-serrate; petioles stout, 15-25 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced, sessile with dilated sheaths; inflorescence branched, the peduncles stout, fistulose, 5-30 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single linear or foliaceous bract; involucel of numerous filiform bractlets, broadest at the base, 5-10 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 15-30, stout, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3-10 cm. long, puberulent to glabrate, slightly webbed at the base; pedicels stout, spreading-ascending, 5-8 mm. long, webbed at the base, puberulent; flowers purplish or greenish, the petals obovate; stylopodium conic, the styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, rigid; fruit oblong- ovoid, abundant, 7-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs prominent, obtuse; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE Locaity: “By a tumbling brook in a rocky gorge of the Sierra de Pachuca,” Hidalgo, Pringle 6953. tea Hidalgo to Vera Cruz and the Federal District (Pringle 11,282, Rose & Hay 96 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 8. Arracacia Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 296. 1895. Arracacia Purpusii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 301. 1909. Stout, caulescent, branching from an often woody base, 3-10 dm. high, glabrous through- out; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-22 cm. long, 2—3-ternate or 2—3- ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rounded or truncate at the base, distinct, petiolulate, 2-10 cm. long, 1—4.5 cm. broad, coarsely and sharply serrate, coriaceous and with a cartilaginous margin (evergreen?); petioles 5-20 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves greatly reduced upwards with inflated sheaths, the uppermost sheaths mostly bladeless; inflorescence widely cymosely branched, the terminal and uppermost umbels mostly small and sterile; peduncles of the fertile umbels slender, 5-13 cm. long; involucre want- ing, or of 1 or 2 small bracts; involucel of several linear or filiform bractlets, 5-10 mm. long, equaling or shorter than the pedicels, shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 5—25, slender, spreading- ascending, 2-5 cm. long; pedicels ascending, 3-7 (rarely 10) mm. long; flowers white or cream- colored, the petals oblanceolate to obovate; stylopodium conic, the styles slender, erect with spreading tips; carpophore 2-cleft one-fourth or one-third of its length, rigid; fruit lanceolate to narrowly ovoid, 6-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs promi- nent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face somewhat sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘From the tops of the mountains 18 miles southwest of the city of Oaxaca,” Oaxaca, 7500-9500 feet, Nelson 1382. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz, south to Puebla and Oaxaca (Matuda 1232, Purpus 2509, 8660). 9. Arracacia longipedunculata Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 142. 1900. Slender, caulescent, simple below the inflorescence, from a tuberous or fusiform root, 5-9 dm. high, glabrous or the foliage scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-1.5 dm. long, 2-3-ternate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, cuneate at the base, distinct and petiolulate or the terminal confluent and sessile, the terminal much the longest, 1.5-6 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. broad, coarsely serrate to somewhat lobed, scaberulous on the veins and margins; petioles slender, 8-17 cm. long, sheathing at the base; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper ternate, sessile, the sheaths linear and inconspicuous, the terminal lobes elongate, linear-oblong to lanceolate, 25-65 mm. long; inflorescence with 1-4 umbels on usually verticillate, slender peduncles, 5-10 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single linear bract; involucel of several filiform bractlets about 5 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-5, slender, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3.5—6 cm. long; fertile pedicels 2-4, slender, spreading-ascending, 4-8 mm. long; flowers white, the petals obovate; stylopodium low-conic but evident, the styles very short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, flattened; fruit ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, glabrous and slightly glaucous, rounded at the base, the ribs filiform and indistinct; oil-tubes small, about 3 in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In canyons above Cuernavaca,” Morelos, Pringle 6333. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (state) and Morelos (Hinton 2121, 7939). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 10. 10. Arracacia aegopodioides (H.B.K.) Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 139. 1900. Smyrnium aegopodioides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:16. 1821. Tauschia Coulteri A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 211. 1850. MBSE OL SES aegopodioides Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 302, as to reference, not as to plant. 1895. Arracacia Coulteri Rose; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 296. 1895. Low, slender, caulescent, from a long fusiform root, 1-4 (or 6) dm. high, glabrous or the inflorescence puberulent; leaves deltoid to oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3~10 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate to ovate, more or less acute at Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 97 the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, 1-4 cm. long, 0.5—2 cm. broad, the terminal leaflet long-petiolulate, the lateral short-petiolulate to sessile, sharply serrate and often somewhat incised toward the base; petioles 2-12 em. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal; inflorescence simple, the peduncles slender, 1-4 dm. long; VUE wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of several filiform, entire bractlets, 3-7 mm. long; fertile rays 1—4 (or 10), slender, spreading-ascending, very unequal, 2-9 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-9, slender, spreading, 5-12 mm. long; flowers yellow, the petals obovate; stylopodium low-conic, the styles short, recurved; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit oblong-oval, 4-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering slightly at the apex, the ribs filiform but evident, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Crescit locis altis Regni Mexicani, propre Moran,’ Mexico, Humboldt & Bonpland. DIsTRIBUTION: Hidalgo (Lyonnet 96, Pringle 6934). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 11. 11. Arracacia arguta (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Museniopsis arguta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 336. 1905. Tauschia drudeophytoides F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 33. 1918. Slender, caulescent, branching, from a stout taproot, 3-6 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-20 cm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately dissected, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, cordate at the base or the terminal cuneate, petiolulate to sessile, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, sharply mucronate- serrate to more or less incised or lobed, glabrous or very slightly roughened on the veins; petioles slender, 5-14 cm. long, narrowly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves greatly reduced upwards, the uppermost opposite, sessile, entire or ternate with lanceolate or linear, elongate divisions and narrow sheaths; inflorescence cymosely branched, the peduncles alternate or verticillate, slender, 5-12 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several small, linear, entire bractlets 2-4 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-8, slender, spreading-ascending or rather strict, unequal, 2-3 cm. long, or shorter in the smaller lateral umbels; pedicels short and stout, spreading-ascending, 1-3 mm. long; flowers yellow, the petals oval; stylopodium low-conic, the styles very short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft about one- half of its length, rigid; fruit oblong-oval, 3-4 mm. lonz, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering slightly at the apex, rounded at the base, the ribs prominent, narrow, acute; oil-tubes small, several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed-face slightly sulcate. TYPE Locauity: “Ona rocky hillside about the waterfall near El Oro,’’ Michoacan, Pringle 8612 (erroneously published as ‘‘6812”’ and given as the State of Mexico). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 12. Arracacia atropurpurea (Lehm.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 564. 1880. Pentacrypta atropurpurea Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamburg 17. 1828. Arracacia trazuensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 265. 1891. Arracacia Luxeana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18:55. 1893. Arracacia humilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 336. 1905. Slender, caulescent, branching from a shrubby base, 6-40 dm. high, glabrous or the in- florescence more or less puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-20 cm. long, 2-3-ternate, the leaflets oblong-ovate, obtuse to acute at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, distinct and petiolulate or the terminal confluent, 2-8 em. long, 1—3.5 cm. broad, rather finely doubly serrate and often incised toward the base; petioles 8-16 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves reduced upwards, with conspicuous sheaths; inflorescence branched, the peduncles slender, 1-3 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of 1-3 (or 6) conspicuous, lanceolate, ovate or cuneate, acute, dentate, lacerate, or rarely entire bractlets, 5-35 mm. long, 1-8 mm. broad, exceeding the sterile flowers and often the fruit; fertile rays 3-8 (or 18), slender, spreading, unequal, 3-9 cm. long; fertile pedicels 5-10, slender, spreading, unequal, 3-12 (or 22) mm. long; flowers purple or 98 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, greenish-yellow, the petals obovate; stylopodium low-conic, the styles short, recurved; carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base, stout; fruit oblong to oblong-oval, 4-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, glabrous or even glaucous, tapering at the apex, the ribs acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure, or often with some small accessories; seed channeled under the tubes, the face sulcate. TyPE Locatity: ‘In terris Mexicanis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi, south to Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama (Pittier 2952, Pringle 3947, Purpus 1678). ILLUSTRATION: Linnaea 5: pl. 5, f. 2. 12a. Arracacia atropurpurea var. brevipes (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Arracacia brevipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 296. 1895. Slender, 3-20 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous and the inflorescence puberulent; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, 2-ternate; petioles 5—10 em. long; fertile pedicels 2-6, 2-8 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-oval, 5-7 mm. long, 3—4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 5545. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains, Vera Cruz to Puebla and Oaxaca (Pringle 6266, Purpus 4108). 13. Arracacia Brandegei Coult. & Rose; Brand. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 165. 1889. Stout, caulescent, branching from a woody base, 1—2.5 m. high, glabrous throughout or the leaf-veins minutely scaberulous beneath; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded to cordate or cuneate at the base, mostly distinct and sessile, 3-9 cm. long, 1—4 cm. broad, sharply simply or doubly serrate with mucronate teeth and often lobed toward the base; petioles 1-2 dm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves reduced, sessile, with short dilated sheaths; inflorescence branching, the peduncles slender, 2—20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of several linear to filiform bractlets, broadest at the base, 5-15 mm. long, shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 5-12, slender, spreading- ascending, usually 10-15 cm. long, webbed at the base; fertile pedicels 4-12, slender, spreading- ascending, 1-3 cm. long, webbed at the base; flowers greenish-yellow (occasionally purple?), the petals oval; stylopodium conic, with a prominent crenulated disk, the styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit ovoid-oblong, 7-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the apex, the ribs prominent, obtuse; oil-tubes large, solitary (or rarely several) in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE LocaLity: Magdalena Island, Baja California, Brandegee. DISTRIBUTION: Baja California (Gentry 4122, Jones 24,152, Purpus 443). 13a. Arracacia Brandegei var. sylvatica M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18:61. 1933. Very slender, 6-8 dm. high; leaves 2-3-ternate, only 6-10 cm. long, the leaflets 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, cuneate at the base, sharply serrate; peduncles slender, 10-16 cm. long. fertile rays 3-5, 6-10 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-5, 10-22 mm. long. Type LOCALITY: ‘‘In the shade of pines and live oaks on the top of the Laguna Mountains,” Baja California, M. E. Jones 27,071. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 14. Arracacia Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Elerbi3:2975) as95. Stout, caulescent, branching from a large woody root, 3-12 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflorescence puberulent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 12-24 em. long, 3-4-ternate or 3-4-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute or obtuse at the apex, Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE Ge) 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, toothed and incised or lobed; petioles 10-20 cm. long, sheathing at the base, cauline leaves reduced upwards, sessile, with narrow sheaths; inflorescence sparingly branched, the peduncles mostly alternate and subtended by a leaf or bract, 3-8 cm. long; in- volucre wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets, 6-12 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 8-20, slender, spreading-ascending, subequal, I1—3 cm. long, webbed at the base; pedicels spreading-ascending, 1-3 mm. long; flowers white or cream- colored, the petals oval; stylopodium conic, the styles short, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, lax; fruit oblong-oval, abundant, 6-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘On summit ledges,’’ Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 4844. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Oaxaca (C. L. Smith 891). 15. Arracacia ternata Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 254. 1941. Slender, caulescent, branching from a stout, horizontal woody root, 6-10 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the foliage minutely scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 dm. long, 3—4-ternate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, all but the terminal distinct, petiolulate or sessile, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 em. broad, coarsely toothed and lobed with triangular mucronate teeth; petioles very slender, 5-15 em. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the uppermost greatly reduced and consisting of 1-several elongate, filiform lobes 1-2 cm. long, the sheaths obsolete; inflorescence freely branched, the lower peduncles alternate, the upper verticillate, slender, 3-6 em. long, often with a small sterile lateral umbel; involucre wanting, or of a solitary foliaceous linear bract; involucel of 1-several linear bractlets, 3-5 mm. long, exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 5-6, slender, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-3.5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-5, slender, spreading-ascending, 3-6 mm. long; flowers purple, the petals oval; stylopodium low-conic, with a conspicuous crenulated disk, the styles short, divergent or recurved; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit oblong, 7-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at each end, and with a V-shaped notch at the apex, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes small, 1 or 2 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. a pe LOCALITY: Cerro Parrena, vicinity of San José, Sierra de San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Bartlett DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 16. Arracacia ovata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 296. 1895. Stout, caulescent, branching, 1-2 m. high, the foliage and inflorescence more or less puberulent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—2 dm. long, 2-ternate, the leaflets broadly ovate, acute at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, distinct, long- petiolulate and remote, 5-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, finely serrate and often with a single lobe at the base, puberulent on the veins beneath; petioles 20-25 cm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves greatly reduced upwards, with dilated sheaths; inflorescence branched, the peduncles stout, 6-15 cm. long, the umbels all about equal in size and fertility; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets, 2-3 mm. long; rays 15-20, spreading-ascending, subequal, 3-5 cm. long, webbed at the base, puberulent; pedicels short, spreading-ascending, 2-5 mm. long, webbed at the base, puberulent; flowers not seen; stylopodium conic, the styles long, erect or spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, rigid, the two halves filiform; fruit lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary or with 2 small accessories in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed channeled under the larger tubes, the face deeply sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: “On rocks near the top of the Sierra Madre near Chilpancingo,’’ Guerrero, Nelson 2223. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 100 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, 17. Arracacia Donnell-Smithii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 5: 261. 1890. Stout, caulescent, branching, 15-70 dm. high, densely puberulent in the foliage, inflores- cence and juvenile parts, woody and glabrate below; leaves deltoid-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3.5 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, distinct or the terminal confluent, sessile, 3-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, finely doubly serrate with mucronate teeth, and occasionally lobed toward the base, puberulent on the veins, and with a conspicuous puberulent ring at the apex of the petiole and each joint of the rachis; petioles 1-2 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves with broadly inflated sheaths, the uppermost often bladeless; inflorescence branched, the peduncles 5-15 cm. long, puberulent; involucre wanting, or of a few scarious or foliaceous bracts; involucel of about 8 lanceolate- acuminate, scarious- and crisp-margined bractlets, 5-10 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit, glabrous or nearly so, reflexed in fruit; rays 9-16, stout, spreading, sub- equal, 3-6 cm. long, puberulent; pedicels short, stout, spreading-ascending, 2-3 mm. long, puberulent; flowers white or pinkish, the petals obovate; stylopodium conic, the styles long, recurved; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit ovoid, abundant, 7-8 mm. long, 5—6 mm. broad, glabrous but roughened, tapering at the apex, the ribs prominent, obtuse; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate. TyprE LocaLity: Top of Voleén de Agua, Depart. Zacatepequez, Guatemala, Smith 2196. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Chiapas & Guatemala (Matuda 2336, Nelson 3630). ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 15: pl. 15. 18. Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft, Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica 1825: 5. 1825. Conium Arracacha Hook. Exot. Fl. pl. 152. 1825. Arracacha esculenta DC. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts 40: 78. 1829 Bancroftia xanthorrhiza Billb. Linn. Samf. Handl. 1: 40. 1833. Stout, caulescent, branching, 3-12 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-25 cm. long, pinnate, the 5 leaflets ovate, acuminate at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, pinnatifid and coarsely incised and serrate, the segments acuminate; petioles equaling or longer than the blades, membranous-sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower alternate, petiolate, the uppermost 3-parted, opposite and sessile; inflorescence branched, the umbels mostly terminal, the peduncles alter- nate, slender; involucre wanting, or of a single foliaceous bract; involucel of 2-8 setaceous bractlets, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 8-12, spreading-ascending; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending; flowers greenish-white to purplish-brown, the petals oval to obovate; stylopodium conic, with a conspicuous crenulated disk, the styles slender, spreading to recurved; immature fruit oblong-oval, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes inconspicuous or obsolete; seed-face sulcate. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Described from Jamaica, where it was cultivated from northern South America, probably Colombia or Venezuela. DISTRIBUTION: Escaped from cultivation in Jamaica. ILLustRATIONS: Hook. Exot. Fl. pl. 152; Bot. Mag. pl. 3092; Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 217, pl. 1; U. S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Invent. Seed & Pl. Introd. 47: pl. J. 19. Arracacia pubescens H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8:525. 1910. Caulescent, remotely long-branching, densely pubescent, villous at the nodes and hirsute on the rays and pedicels; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles up to 1 m. long, ternate-pinnate or ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, oblique to decurrent at the base, distinct and petiolulate or the terminal confluent and sessile, up to 10 cm. long, 3 cm. broad, but usually smaller, sharply and densely serrate; petioles slender; cauline leaves like the basal, amplexicaul-sheathing; inflorescence of few alternate peduncles, these fleshy, clavate above, up to 10 cm. long; involucre of a few, short, rigid bracts; involucel of a few, short bractlets; rays 10-25, the fertile strict, rigid, 4-5 cm. long, the sterile slender, sub- flexuous; fertile pedicels 1-3, 3-4 mm. long; stylopodium short-conic, the styles short, filiform, reflexed; carpophore more or less 2-cleft; fruit elongate-ovoid, 14-17 mm. long, tapering into Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 101 an elongate, hispidulous to furfuraceous-squamulose beak; oil-tubes large, solitary in the inter- vals; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In sylvis prope la Encarnacion,’”’ Mexico, Schiede. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 20. Arracacia anomala Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 121. 1941. Museniopsis pubescens Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 134. 1900. Not Arracacia pubescens H. Wolff, 1910. Tauschia pubescens F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:33. 1918. Slender, caulescent, branching from a woody root, 6-10 dm. high, densely short-pubescent throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-10 cm. long, 2—3-ternate, the leaflets ovate, acute and mucronate at the apex, cuneate at the base, petiolulate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, pinnately parted or toothed, densely pubescent on both surfaces; petioles slender, 6-10 cm. long, narrowly scarious-sheathing at the base; cauline leaves numerous but greatly reduced, sessile with very narrow sheaths, ternate, the divisions linear and elongate; inflorescence copiously branched, the peduncles alternate, slender, 8-12 cm. long, pubescent; involucre wanting; involucel of several filiform, entire, pubescent bractlets, 5-8 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-8, slender, spreading-ascending, 2-3 em. long, pubescent; fertile pedicels few, slender, spreading-ascending, 4-8 mm. long, pubescent; flowers white, the petals obovate, pubescent on the back; stylopodium depressed and indistinct, the styles slender, recurved; carpophore not seen; immature fruit oblong-oval, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, densely and uniformly short-pubescent, scarcely tapering at the apex, the ribs apparently filiform. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In the Sierra Madre,’’ Chihuahua, Nelson 6087. DIsTRIBUTION: Chihuahua (LeSueur 1397), 21. Arracacia compacta Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.13:311. 1911. Stout, caulescent, branching, woody below, 1-2 m. high, the foliage hispidulous and the inflorescence puberulent; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2—3.5 dm. long, 3-ternate or 3-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acute at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, sessile or short-petiolulate, 2-5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, sharply doubly serrate and often lobed toward the base, hispidulous beneath and on the rachis, and at least puberulent on the veins above; petioles 20—25.cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves greatly reduced upwards, with short, dilated sheaths; inflorescence branching, the peduncles short and stout, 3-6 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few linear bractlets, 4-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays numerous, short, stout, spreading and forming large, compact, globose umbels, 1—-1.5 cm. long; pedicels very short, spreading-ascending, 1—4 mm. long, puberulent; flowers purplish, the petals obovate; stylopodium indistinct and de- pressed, the styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves lax and twisting; fruit oblong-oval, abundant, 8-14 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering slightly at the apex, the ribs very prominent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, solitary under each rib, 2-4 on the commissure; seed channeled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. Type Locarity: ‘‘On Cerro de Chicamole,” Puebla. Purpus 4110. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Puebla. (Pringle 6857, Purpus 4109). 22. Arracacia edulis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 430. 1886. Tauschia edulis Coult. & Rose; Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 170. 1898. Rather stout, caulescent, branching, 3-6 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence puberulent; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-12 cm. long, 3-6 (or 11) cm. broad, pinnate to partially 2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, distinct, sessile, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, crenulate, coarsely toothed or pin- nately lobed, callous-margined, puberulent on the rachis and leaflets; petioles slender, 5—20 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, sessile, 1-2-pinnatifid with narrow 102 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, sheaths; inflorescence sparingly branched, the peduncles stout, 8-28 cm. long, puberulent below the umbel; involucre wanting; involucel of several lanceolate to ovate, toothed or incised bractlets, 5-20 mm. long, exceeding the flowers and fruit; fertile rays stout, 3-9, spreading- ascending, unequal, 1.5—4 cm. long, webbed at the base, puberulent; pedicels spreading- ascending, 1-6 mm. long, puberulent; flowers golden-yellow, the petals obovate; stylopodium indistinct and depressed, the styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, rigid, the halves notched at the apex; fruit ovoid, 4-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering into a short beak at the apex, the ribs prominent, low and obtuse; oil-tubes large, flattened, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed unchanneled, the face deeply sulcate. Type Locatity: Norogachi, 150 miles north of Batopilas, Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Palmer HH. DISTRIBUTION: Sonora and Chihuahua (Gentry 2700, Nelson 4799). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 4c. 23. Arracacia vaginata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb: 3: 297. 1895; Tauschia vaginata Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 137. 1900. Stout, caulescent, branching, 3-9 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence puberulent; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. long, 5—6 (or 18) cm. broad, pinnate to partially 2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, mostly distinct, sessile or petiolulate, 1.5—4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, shallowly lobed or incised, with short, mucronate lobes, scaberulous on the veins and margins beneath; petioles slender, 15-30 em. long, short-sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, 1—2-ternate with narrow sheaths; inflorescence branched, the peduncles 5-25 cm. long, puberulent beneath the umbel; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, entire bractlets, 2-6 mm. long, exceeding or equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 4-8, stout, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3 cm. long, puberulent; pedicels spreading-ascending, 1-5 mm. long, puberulent ; flowers white to yellow, the petals oblanceolate; stylopodium indistinct and depressed, the styles slender, spreading; carpophore 2-cleft to the base, rigid, the halves notched at the apex; fruit ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 3-4 mim. broad, glabrous, tapering into a short beak at the apex, the ribs prominent, acute; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed chan- neled under the tubes, the face deeply sulcate. Tyrer Loca.iry: ‘In borders of woodlands,” Sierra de Clavellinas, Oaxaca, Pringle 6008. DISTRIBUTION: Michoacan to Oaxaca (Leavenworth 208, 381). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 137. 24. Arracacia Schneideri Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 151. 1942. Stout, caulescent, branching, from a large fleshy root, 8-10 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence puberulent; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. long, 1-1.5 dm. broad, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, distinct to confluent and usually sessile, 1-4 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 em. broad, sharply serrate, puberulent on the rachis and leaflets; petioles stout, 7-25 cm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, with broadly dilated sheaths; inflorescence sparingly branched, the peduncles rather stout, 8-9 cm. long, densely puberulent; involucre wanting, or of a foliaceous bract; involucel of several inconspicuous, lanceolate to filiform, entire bractlets, 3-10 mm. long, longer or shorter than the flowers but only occasionally longer than the fruit; fertile rays stout, 12-20, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-3 cm. long, densely puberulent; pedicels spreading-ascending, 4-6 mm. long, puberulent; flowers creamy-white or yellow, the petals obovate; stylopodium indistinct and depressed, the styles slender, spreading, the ovary glabrous; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit ovoid-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glabrous, tapering at the base, the ribs very prominent, acute; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed deeply channeled under the tubes, the face sulcate. Typr LocaLity: Rocky slope at timberline, alt. 12,100 feet, Cerro Potosi, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo Le6én, Richard A. Schneider 1051 DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Madre Oriental, Nuevo Le6n (C. H. & M. T. Mueller 841, 901). Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 103 21. AMMOSELINUM T. & G. Pacif. R.R. Rep. 24: 165. 1855. Low, slender, erect or usually diffuse, herbaceous, caulescent, branching or occasionally simple, more or less roughened annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranace- ous, ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to spatulate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; the peduncles axillary and terminal, or the umbels often sessile. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of several narrow, entire or toothed bractlets. Rays few, spreading-ascending or spreading, unequal. Pedicels few, unequal, slender to obsolete. Flowers white; petals ovate, obtuse, without a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft attheapex. Fruit oblong-ovoid to ovoid, flattened laterally; ribs prominent, acute or rounded, coarsely scabrous to glabrous, the lateral ribs (with or without corky appendages or callous teeth) of the two mericarps closely contiguous and appearing to form a single broad rib and often covering the commissure with corky tissue; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane to concave; pericarp composed almost exclusively of strengthening cells. Type species, Ammoselinum Popei T. & G. Umbels sessile; fruit glabrous to sparsely roughened; ribs acute, the lateral without corky appendages. 1. A. Butleri. Umbels pedunculate; fruit roughened with callous teeth; ribs rounded, the lateral with corky appendages. Petioles of basal leaves sheathing only at the base; fruit sparsely callous- toothed; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; Texas and adjacent Arkansas ; and Oklahoma. 2. A. Popei. Petioles of basal leaves sheathing throughout; fruit densely callous-toothed; oil-tubes 3 in the intervals; Arizona and southern California, south to Coahuila. 3. A. giganteum. 1. Ammoselinum Butleri (Engelm.) Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 294. 1887. Apium Butleri Engelm.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Branching from the base, 4-5 cm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1—2.5 cm. long, 1—-1.5 cm. broad, biternate or ternate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, obtuse, mucronulate, 1-8 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, glabrous; petioles 5-30 mm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal but the petioles entirely sheathing; umbels sessile in the axils; involucre wanting; involucel of a few foliaceous bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 2-6, unequal, 20 mm. long to obsolete; pedicels 1-10, unequal, 1-6 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, glabrous to sparsely roughened with callous teeth, the ribs subacute, prominent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed oblong in cross section, the face plane or nearly so. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Wet grounds near Houston,”’ Texas, E. Hall 244. DistTRIBUTION: Arkansas and Oklahoma to Texas (Bush 605, 1192, Reverchon 1035). ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 115 (fr.). 2. Ammoselinum Popei T. & G. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 24: 165. 1855. Apium Popei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 343. 1868. Branching from the base, 1-3.5 dm. high; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-4 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions linear, obtuse, mucronulate, 2-10 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, glabrous or roughened with callous teeth; petioles 5-60 mm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, but the petioles entirely sheathing; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1.5—4 cm. long; involucre want- ing, or of a solitary foliaceous bract; involucel of several linear bractlets, longer than the pedicels; rays 3-10, unequal, 0.5—2.5 mm. long; pedicels 3-12, 1-11 mm. long; fruit oblong- ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, more or less roughened with callous teeth, the ribs rounded, the lateral ribs with corky appendages; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. 104 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Type Locatity: “‘Llano Estacado, and headwaters of the Colorado,’ Texas, Pope Expedition. DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma to Texas and Nuevo Leén (Bush 900, Earle & Tracy 402, Palmer 33,586, 33,564). ILLUSTRATION: Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 89 (fr.). 3. Ammoselinum giganteum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 89. 1900. Ammoselinum occidentale Munz & Johnston, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 224. 1925. Branching from the base or simple, 1-2 dm. high; leaves obovate in general outline, exclud- ing the petioles 15—25 mm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divi- sions linear, obtuse, mucronulate, 4-13 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, glabrous to somewhat roughened; petioles 3-8 mm. long, auriculate-sheathing throughout; peduncles axillary and terminal, 4 cm. long to obsolete; involucre usually wanting; involucel of a few, linear bractlets, acute and somewhat callous-toothed, about equaling the pedicels; rays 4-8, unequal, 22 mm. long to obsolete; pedicels 1-10, unequal, 8 mm. long to obsolete; fruit oblong-ovoid, somewhat constricted toward the apex, 3-5 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, covered with callous teeth, the ribs corky, the lateral ribs with corky appendages; oil-tubes 3 in the intervals, 2 on the com- missure; seed sulcate under the tubes, the face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Mesas near Phoenix, Arizona, Pringle 28. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Arizona and California, south to Coahuila (Pringle 8314). ILLUSTRATION: E. Jaeger, Des. Wild FI. 178. 22. CRYPTOTAENIA DC. Coll. Mém. 5:42. 1829; nomen conservandum. Deringa Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 498. 1763. Alacospermum Neck. Elem. 1: 167. 1790. Cyrtospermum Raf.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 42, as syn. 1829. Cryptotonia Tausch, Flora 17: 343. 1834. (Nomen nudum.) Mesodiscus Raf. New Fl. 4:19. 1838. Cryptospermum Pers.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 450, assyn. 1840. Deringia Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 492. 1840. Lereschia Boiss. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 1: 127. 1844. Deeringia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 266. 1891. Pimpinella § Deeringia Kuntze in Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 439. 1903. Tall, slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials (our species), from slender fascicled roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate, the leaflets three, large, obovate to ovate-lanceolate, toothed or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, usually paniculate. Involucre want- ing, or of a short linear bract. Involucel wanting, or of a few minute bractlets. Rays few, unequal, ascending to divaricate. Pedicels few, unequal. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute; styles erect or reflexed, the stylo- podium slender-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft tothe base. Fruit linear-oblong, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, obtuse, subequal, conspicuous; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Sison canadense 1. (Cryptotaenia canadensis DC.). 1. Cryptotaenia canadensis (I,.) DC. Prodr. 4: 119. 1830. Sison canadense 1,. Sp. Pl. 252. 1753. Chaerophyllum canadense Crantz, Class. Umbell. 79. 1767. Sium canadense Lam. Encyc. 1: 407. 1785. Myrrhis canadensis Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 109. 1788. Cicuta perennans Walt. Fl. Car. 116. 1788. Scandix ternata Moench. Meth. 101. 1794. Myrrhis ternata Moench. Meth. 101. 1794. Conopodium canadense Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 119. 1825. Petagnia saniculaefolia Guss. Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 311. 1827. Cyrtospermum trifoliatum Raf.; DC. Prodr. 4: 119, assyn. 1830. Mesodiscus simplex Raf. New Fl. 4: 20. 1838. Mesodiscus proliferus Raf. New. Fl. 4: 20. 1838. Deeringia canadensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 266. 1891. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 105 Plants 3-9 dm. high; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-13 cm. long, 5-15 em. broad, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate to obovate, 3-16 cm. long, 3-8 cm. broad, short-acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, closely and doubly serrate or occasionally deeply 2—3-lobed; petioles 7-14 cm. long; upper cauline leaves reduced to lanceolate, dentate bracts; rays 2-7, ascending, 1-6 cm. long; pedicels 2-10, ascending, 2-35 mm. long; fruit 3.5—-8 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad. Type Locatity: ‘‘In America septentrionalis,’”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: New Brunswick and Quebec to Georgia, west to Manitoba, Nebraska, and Texas (Deam 2189, Pennell 1960). ILLUSTRATIONS: Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 23; Bot. Gaz. 12: ie 1, f. 11-13 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 101 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 536; ed. 2. 2: 23. OSMORHIZA Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 257. 1819; nomen conservandum propositum. Washingtonia Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. 1818. (Nomen nudum.) Uraspermum Nutt. Gen. 1: 192. 1818. Spermatura Reichenb. Consp. 141. 1828. Glycosma Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 639. 1840. Myrrhis § Glycosma A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 346. 1868. Slender to rather stout, erect or decumbent at the base, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, pubescent to glabrate perennials, from thick fascicled roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to orbicular, serrate to pinnately lobed, with mucronate teeth or lobes. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; the peduncles terminal and lateral, usually exceeding the leaves. Involucre wanting, of a single foliaceous bract, or of several, narrow, foliaceous bracts. Involucel of several narrow foliaceous reflexed bractlets, or wanting. Rays few, slender, ascending to divaricate and reflexed, unequal. Pedicels spreading to divaricate. Flowers white, purple, or greenish-yellow, the petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender to obsolete, their tips spreading or divaricate, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft less than one-half of its length. Fruit linear-oblong, linear-fusiform or clavate, obtuse, tapering, beaked or constricted at the apex, rounded or caudate at the base, flattened laterally, bristly- hispid to glabrous; ribs filiform, acute, often bristly; oil-tubes obscure or wanting; seed sub- terete in cross section, the face deeply sulcate. Type species, Myrrhis Claytont Michx. (Osmorhiza Claytont Clarke). Fruit glabrous or sparsely bristly toward the base, obtuse at the base, not cau- date; rays ascending to spreading-ascending. 1. O. occidentalis. Fruit bristly-hispid, caudate at the base with conspicuous tails; rays spreading- ascending to divaricate and reflexed. Involucel wanting. Rays and pedicels spreading-ascending; fruit linear-oblong, cylindric. Flowers purplish or greenish; styles 0.5—1 mm. long; fruit 10-13 mm. long, constricted at the apex. 2. O. purpurea. Flowers greenish-white or white; styles 0.2-0.5 mm. long; fruit —20 mm. long, tapering at the apex. 3. O. nuda. Rays and pedicels divaricate; fruit clavate. 4. O. oblusa. Involucel present. Pedicels short, 1-3 mm. long; California and Arizona. 5. O. brachypoda. Pedicels slender, 4-12 mm. long; eastern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Flowers greenish-yellow; styles less than 0.5 mm. long; Mexico and Central America. 6. O. mexicana. Flowers white; styles 0.5-3 mm. long; eastern United States. Plants without an anise odor; styles about 0.5 mm. long; fruit 20-24 mm. long, the tails nearly as long as the body. 7. O. Claytoni. Plants with a strong anise odor; styles 2-3 mm. long; fruit 18-20 mm. long, the tails about one-half as long as the body. Stems glabrate. 8. O. longistylis. Stems densely villous. 8a. O. longistylis var. villicaulis. 1. Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 71. 1859. Glycosma occidentalis Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 639. 1840. Myrrhis Bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 7: 346. 1868. 106 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Glycosma Bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386. 1872. Glycosma ambiguum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386. 1872. Osmorhiza occidentalis var. Bolanderi, Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 119. 1888. Osmorhiza ambigua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 119. 1888. Myrrhis ambigua Greene, Fl. Fran. 332. 1892. Washingtonia occidentalis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900. Washingtonia Bolanderi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7:68. 1900. Washingtonia ambigua Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:69. 1900. Glycosma maxima Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 67. 1913. Osmorrhiza Bolanderi Jepson, Madrofio 1: 120. 1923. Plants rather stout, 3-12 dm. high, villous at the nodes and pilosulous to glabrate through- out; leaves oblong or ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. me 6-15 cm. broad, |—3-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 2-10 cm. long, 0.5-5 em. broad, acute or acutish, serrate and usually incised or lobed, the anes and sheath Bacty pilosulous or glabrate; petioles 5-30 cm. long; peduncles 6-20 cm. long; involucre usually wanting; involucel usually wanting; rays 5—12, stiffly ascending to spreading-ascending, 2-13 cm. long; pedicels spreading to ascending, 3-8 mm. long; flowers yellow, the styles about 1 mm. long or less; carpophore cleft one-fourth to one-third of its length; fruit linear-fusiform, 12-20 mm. long, constricted below the apex, obtuse at the base, glabrous or rarely sparsely bristly toward the base. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta to Colorado, west to British Columbia and central California (Heller & Heller 3451, Sandberg & Leiberg 502). 2. Osmorhiza purpurea (Coult. & Rose) Suksd. Allg. Bot. Zeits:, 12: 5, 1906: Washingtonia Leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900. Washingtonia purpurea Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900. Osmorrhiza Leibergi Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1:93. 1905. Plants slender, 2-6 dm. high, the foliage and younger portions sparingly hispidulous, or glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid or orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10 cm. long, 1—3-ternate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, 1.5—7 cm. long, 0.5—-4 cm. broad, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate to incised or lobed, usually sparingly hispidulous on the veins and margins; petioles 5-12 cm. long; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 2—6, spreading-ascending, 2—7.5 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-20 mm. long; flowers purplish or greenish, the styles 0.5-1 mm. long; carpophore 2-cleft about one- fourth of its length; fruit linear-fusiform, 10-13 mm. long, constricted below the short-beaked apex, hispid toward the base and caudate at the base. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka, Alaska, Coville & Kearney 790. DistRisuTION: Alaska and British Columbia to Washington and Oregon (Heller 13,469, Sand- berg & Leiberg 666). 3. Osmorhiza nuda Torr. Pacif. R.R. Rep. 41:93. 1857. ? Damnoriitea tbrenss|its Bong. Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersb. VI. 2: 142. 1832. Not Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. 1830. Osmorhiza divaricata Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 639. 1840. (Nomen nudum.) Uraspermum nudum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 270. 1891. Myrrhis nuda Greene, Fl. Fran. 333. 1892. Washingtonia divaricata Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill, Fl. 2: 531. 1897. Washingtonia nuda A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 5. 1898. Washingtonia intermedia Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 289. 1900. Washingtonia brevipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900. Osmorrhiza brevipes Suksd. Allg. Bot. Zeits. 12:5. 1906. Osmorhiza divaricata var. nuda M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15: 42. 1910. Scandix nuda K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 143. 1916. Scandix divaricata K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 143. 1916. Osmorrhiza nuda var. brevipes Jepson, Madrofio 1: 119. 1923. Osmorrhiza nuda var. divaricata Jepson, Madronio 1: 119. 1923. Urasper(m)jum brevipes Farwell, Am. Midl. Nat. 12:70. 1930. Uraspermum divaricata Farwell, Am. Midl. Nat. 12:70. 1930. Uraspermum barbatum Farwell, Am. Midl. Nat. 12:70. 1930. Plants slender, 3-10 dm. high, more or less hispid, the younger portions densely so; leaves orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, biternate, the leaflets ovate- Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 107 lanceolate to orbicular, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate, incised or lobed, appressed-hispid or hispidulous especially on the veins and rachis; petioles 5-16 dm. long; peduncles 5—25 cm. long; involucre usually wanting; involucel wanting; rays 3-8, spread- ing-ascending, 2-12 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-30 mm. long; flowers greenish- white, the styles 0.2-0.5 mm. long; carpophore divided about one-fourth of its length; fruit linear-oblong, 12-20 mm. long, tapering toward the apex into a slender beak, caudate and densely hispid at the base. TYPE LocALiIty: ‘‘Shady woods, Napa Valley,’’ California, Bigelow. DISTRIBUTION: Quebec; Michigan; Manitoba and Montana to British Columbia and Washington, south to South Dakota, Colorado, southeastern Arizona, and southern California. (Hall & Chandler 331, Heller & Heller 3975.) ILLUSTRATIONS: E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 148 (fl.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 531; ed. 2. 2: 628; Madrojfio 1: 119; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 702. 4. Osmorhiza obtusa (Coult. & Rose) Fernald, Rhodora 4: 154. 1902. Washingtonia obtusa Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 64. 1900. Plants slender, 15-65 cm. high, the foliage and younger portions hispid or hispidulous or glabrate; leaves orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-11 cm. long, biternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets broadly lanceolate to ovate, 1.5—5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate, incised or lobed, the leaflets and rachis sparingly hispid or hispidu- lous; petioles 3-20 cm. long; peduncles 5—15 cm. long, often divergent; involucre wanting, or often of a foliaceous bract; involucel wanting; rays 2-5, widely divergent or some reflexed, 2-7 cm. long; pedicels 2-5, widely divergent, 10-30 mm. long; flowers greenish-white, the styles minute; fruit clavate, 10-15 mm. long, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex, caudate and densely hispid at the base. - Type LocaLity: Ishawood Creek, northwestern Wyoming, Rose 476. DISTRIBUTION: Labrador; Quebec; Montana and British Columbia to eastern Washington, south to Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. (Baker 240, Leiberg 555.) x ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 628; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. pep LON (Er). 5. Osmorhiza brachypoda Torr.; Durand, Jour. Acad. Philayis32'89, 1855: Myrrhis brachypoda Greene, Fl. Fran. 332. 1892. Washingtonia brachypoda A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 5. 1898. Osmorhiza brachypoda var. fraterna Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 670. 1936. Plants rather stout, 3—8 dm. high, more or less short-pilose throughout; leaves ovate or del- toid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-25 cm. long, 10-18 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, acute or obtuse, coarsely serrate, incised and pinnately lobed toward the base, pilose or strigose especially beneath; petioles 5—20 cm. long; peduncles 9-20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or occasionally of a foliaceous bract; involucel of several linear or lanceolate, acute, ciliate bractlets, 2-10 mm. long, spreading or reflexed, exceed- ing the pedicels; rays 2-5, spreading-ascending, 2.5—10 cm. long; pedicels ascending, 1-3 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow, the styles about 0.5 mm. long; carpophore divided about one- third of its length; fruit oblong-fusiform, 12—20 mm. long, tapering into a narrow beak at the apex, caudate at the base, short-hispid on the conspicuous ribs. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Near the banks of Deer Creek,’’ Nevada City, Nevada County, California, Henry Pratten. DISTRIBUTION: Central to southern California, and Arizona (Abrams 3838, Parish 41065). ILLusTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 61 (fr.); Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 351; Jepson, FI. Calif. 2: 670. 6. Osmorhiza mexicana Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gott. 24: 147. 1879. Uraspermum aristatum var. brevistyle Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 270, as to Costa Rican plants. 1891. Washingtonia mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 337. 1905. 108 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Plants slender, 4-8 dm. high, somewhat pilose throughout; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, 1.5—4 cm. long, 15-25 mm. broad, coarsely serrate, incised and pinnately lobed toward the base, pilose espe- cially beneath; petioles 8-20 cm. long; peduncles 7-14 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, ciliate bractlets, 2-6 mm. long; rays 3-4, spreading-ascending, 25-75 mm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 4-6 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow; the styles 0.3-0.5 mm. long; carpophore divided about one-fourth of its length; fruit oblong, 15-20 mm. long, tapering into a short beak at the apex, caudate at the base, hispid on the ribs. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Schaffner. : DIsTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén and Chihuahua, south to Puebla, Guatemala, and Costa Rica (Pringle 6615, Purpus 7456). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 10. 7. Osmorhiza Claytoni (Michx.) Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 690, astoname only. 1879. Myrrhis Claytoni Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 170. 1803. Chaerophyllum Claytoni Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 320. 1805. Scandix dulcis Muhl. Cat. 31. 1813. Uraspermum hirsutum Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2.112. 1824. Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. Prodr. 4: 232. 1830. Osmorhiza dulcis Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 249. 1830. Myrrhis brevistylis D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 984. 1840. Chaerophyllum dulce Fisch.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 339. 1840. Uraspermum aristatum var. brevistyle Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 270, in part. 1891. Osmorrhiza aristata Rydb. Bot. Surv. Nebr. 3: 37. 1894. Not Chaerophyllum aristatum Thunb, 1784. Washingtonia Claytoni Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 530. 1897. Scandix Claytonii K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 143. 1916. Uraspermum dulce Farwell, Am. Midl. Nat. 9: 273. 1925. Uraspermum dulce var. laevicaule Farwell, Am. Midl. Nat. 9: 273. 1925. Plants rather stout, 4-10 dm. high, densely pilose throughout to rarely glabrate; leaves orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets — ovate to lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, acute or acuminate, serrate to incised or % pinnately lobed toward the base, more or less densely pilose; petioles 5-12 cm. long; peduncles 5-13 cm. long; involucre wanting or occasionally of 1 or 2 foliaceous bracts; involucel of several linear, attenuate, ciliate bractlets, 3-8 mm. long, sharply reflexed; rays 3—5, spreading-ascend- ing, 1.5-8 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-12 mm. long; flowers white, the styles about 0.5 mm. long; carpophore divided about one-fourth of its length; fruit oblong, 20-24 mm. long, tapering into an attenuate beak at the apex, caudate at the base, the tails nearly equaling the body, sparsely hispid on the ribs, more densely so below. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In montibus Alleghanis,”” Michaux. DISTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia and Quebec to North Carolina and Alabama, west to Manitoba, Missouri, and Nebraska (Biltmore Herb. 1362B, Friesner 5578, Mathias 1394). ILLUSTRATIONS: Spreng. Sp. Umbell. pl. 3, f. 6; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 97; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 530; ed. 2. 2: 627. 8. Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Prodr. 4: 232. 1830. Uraspermum Claytoni Nutt. Gen. 1: 193. 1818. Not Myrrhis Claytoni Michx. 1803. Myrrhis longistylis Torr. Fl. U.S. 310. 1824. Osmorhiza cordata Raf. Med. FI. 2: 249. 1830. Osmorhiza vilosa Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 249. 1830. Myrrhis Claytoni D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 984. Not Myrrhis Claytoni Michx. 1803. Uraspermum aristatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 270, in part. 1891. Not Chaerophyilum aristatum Thunb. 1784. Uraspermum aristatum var. longistyle Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 270. 1891. Myrrhis aristata MacM. Metasp. Minn, Valley 398. 1892. Not Chaerophyllum aristatum ‘Thunb. 1784. Washingtonia longistylis Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 530. 1897. Scandix longistylis K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 143. 1916, Plants rather stout, 6-10 dm. high, the foliage pilose or hispidulous, the stems glabrate; leaves orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-25 cm. long, biternate or ternate- pinnate, the leaflets ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, acute, coarsely serrate, incised or pinnately lobed toward the base, sparingly short-pilose, especially on the Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 109 veins and margins; petioles 5-16 cm. long; peduncles 5-13 cm. long; involucre of 1-several, linear or lanceolate, foliaceous, ciliate bracts, 5-15 mm. long; involucel of several bractlets like the bracts, 5-10 mm. long, sharply reflexed; rays 3-6, spreading-ascending, 1.5-5 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-8 mm. long; flowers white, the styles 2-3 mm. long; carpophore divided about one-third of its length; fruit oblong, 18-20 mm. long, acute at the apex, caudate at the base, the tails about one-half the length of the body, sparingly hispid on the ribs. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In wet meadows near Albany,” New York, Tracy. DISTRIBUTION: Quebec to Georgia, west to Alberta, Colorado, and Texas (Biltmore Herb. 674b, Macoun 858, Mathias 1393). ILLusTRATIONS: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 96; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 1, f. 4, 5 (fr.); Mem. Torrey Club 2: pl. 11, f. 70, 71; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 530; ed. 2. 2: 628; Rydb. Fi. Pr. & Pl. 590. 8a. Osmorhiza longistylis var. villicaulis Fernald, Rhodora 10: 52. 1908. Washingtonia longistylis var. villicaulis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 443. 1909. Uraspermum aristatum var. villicaule Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. 1:96. 1923. Osmorhiza longistylis var. brachycoma Blake, Rhodora 25: 110. 1923. Washingtonia longistylis var. brachycoma House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 254: 529. 1924. Osmorrhiza villicaulis Rydb. Brittonia 1:93. 1931. Like the species, but the petioles, the stems, and at least the lower part of the branches densely villous. TYPE LocaLtty: “On limestone on the Conestoga near Binkley’s Bridge,” Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Heller. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Pennsylvania and Maryland to Virginia, west to North Dakota and Oklahoma (Bush 1059, 7110, Mathias 1390). 24. SCANDIX L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Pecten Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 437. 1778. Low, slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, hispid annuals, from slender tap- roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions short, linear. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound or simple umbels; the peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting, or of a foliaceous bract. Involucel of several lobed or dissected bractlets. Rays few, rarely only 1, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender to obsolete, unequal. Flowers white; petals oblong to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer radiant; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles very short, the stylopodium depressed. Carpophore entire or bifid at the apex. Fruit linear or narrowly oblong, hispid, terminat- ing in an elongated linear beak, flattened laterally, the beak hispid-ciliate on the margins; ribs filiform, obtuse, prominent; oil-tubes very small, solitary in the intervals, or obscure; seed subterete or slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face sulcate. Type species, Scandix Pecten-Venerts L. 1. Scandix Pecten-Veneris L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Scandix Pecten Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.1: 211. 1772. Scandix pectinifera Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 122. 1812. Scandix pectiniformis St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70. 1880. Wylia Pecten-Veneris Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 407. 1900. Selinum Pecten E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:75. 1904. Plants 15-35 cm. high, more or less hispid, and commonly branched from the base; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-14.5 cm. long, 1-7 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 1-3 mm. long, 0.5—1 mm. broad; petioles 3.5—9 cm. long; involucel of two bractlets connate at base and lobed above, 4-15 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; rays 1 or 2, 1-3 em. long; pedicels 8 mm. long to obsolete; fruit 6-15 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, ciliate, the linear beak 2-7 cm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: “Inter Germaniae & Europae australioris segetes,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; adventive in the United States, from New Jersey to Alabama, west to South Dakota and Texas; British Columbia to California. ItLustRaTIoNS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 434; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2029; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 138 (fr.); Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 423 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 531; ed. 2. 2: 627; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 217; Madrofio 1: 118. 110 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 25. TORILIS Adans. Fam. Pl. 2:99. 1763. Erect or decumbent, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, hispid or pubescent annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 1—2-pinnate or pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions narrow. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of capitate or loose com- pound umbels; the umbels lateral or terminal and lateral, sessile or pedunculate. Involucre of a few small bracts, or wanting. Involucel of several linear or filiform bractlets. Rays 6-12, spreading-ascending, or obsolete. Pedicels spreading, short or obsolete. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth evident to obsolete; styles short, the stylo- podium thick, conic. Carpophore bifid at the apex or cleft one-third or one-half of its length. Fruit ovoid or oblong, flattened laterally, tuberculate or prickly; primary ribs filiform, setulose, the lateral ribs displaced onto the commissural surface, the secondary hidden by the numerous glochidiate prickles or tubercles which occupy the entire interval; oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave to shallowly sulcate; strengthening cells present in the primary ribs, absent from the secondary. Type species, Tordylium Anthriscus L,. [Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC.]. Umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, capitate, opposite the leaves. 1. T. nodosa. Umbels usually long-pedunculate, spreading, terminal and lateral. Rays 2-10; fruit ovoid-oblong, 1.5—5 mm. long. Involucre of several bracts, 1 to each ray; bristles incurved-ascending, shorter than the width of the fruit. 2. T. japonica. Involucre wanting or of a single bract; bristles spreading almost at right angles, scarcely incurved, about as long as the width of the fruit. Rays usually 2-3; fruit oblong, 5—7 mm. long. . T. arvensis. . T. scabra. ew 1. Torilis nodosa (I,.) Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 82. 1788. Tordylium nodosum VL. Sp. Pl. 240. 1753. Caucalis nodosa Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 192. 1772. Caucalis nodiflora Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 424. 1778. Plants 0.9-6 dm. high, hispid throughout; leaves oblong in general outline, pinnately de- compound, the ultimate divisions filiform, 2-8 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute, entire or pinnately lobed; peduncles much shorter than the leaves, 2.5 cm. long to obsolete; involucre absent or of an inconspicuous, linear bract; involucel of linear, acute bractlets longer than the pedicels; rays few, short to obsolete; pedicels very short; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, the outer mericarps bristly, the inner merely warty, or sometimes only the outer part of the mericarp bristly. TYPE LocaLtty: ‘‘In Gallia, Italia ad vias,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean region; adventive throughout the southern United States, Oregon, and California; Bermuda; South America. ILLUSTRATIONS: Gaertn. Fruct. p/. 20; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 440; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 510; ed. 2. 2: 626; Fitch & Smith, Ill. Brit. Fl. ed. 4. 106; Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 673. 2. Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Prodr. 4: 219. 1830. Tordylium Anthriscus L. Sp. Pl. 240. 1753. Caucalis Anthriscus Huds. Fl. Angl. 99. 1762. Caucalis japonica Houtt. Nat. Hist. 11. 8:42. 1777. Torilis Anthriscus C. C. Gmel, Fl. Bad. 1: 615. 1805. Not T. Anthriscus Gaertn. 1788, nor Bernh,. 1800. Plants rather stout, 4-7.5 dm. high, hispid throughout, the branches ascending; leaves narrowly ovate in general outline, 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to oblong, 0.5—6 em. long, 2-15 mm. broad, acute to short-acuminate, regularly laciniate-dentate to incised or divided; peduncles 4-16 cm. long, longer than the leaves; involucre of as many bracts as there are rays; involucel of several subulate bractlets longer than the pedicels; rays 5-10, subequal, 7-30 mm. long, spreading; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 1.5-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the meri- carps covered throughout with incurved-ascending, uncinate bristles which are shorter than the width of the fruit. TYPE Locairy: ‘‘In Europae septentrionalis arvis ruderatis,’’ collector unknown. 4 : DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia to North Africa; adventive, New York to Virginia, west to Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas; California; Oregon; Haiti. ILLUSTRATIONS: Houtt. Nat. Hist. II. 8: pl. 45, f. 1; Curt. Fl. Lond. 28: pl. 22; ed. 2. 3: pl. 22; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 441; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 511; ed. 2. 2: 626 ParT 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 111 3. Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 265. 1821. Caucalis arvensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 98. 1762. Plants slender, 3-10 dm. high, divaricately branched, appressed-hispid throughout; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate in general outline, 2—3-pinnate, or the upper simply pinnate, the leaflets ovate to linear-lanceolate, 5-60 mm. long, 2-20 mm. broad, acute or acuminate, regu- larly incised or divided; peduncles 2-12 cm. long, longer than the leaves; involucre wanting, or of a single small bract ; involucel of several subulate bractlets longer than the pedicels; rays 2-10, subequal to somewhat unequal, 5—25 mm. long; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the mericarps densely covered with uncinate bristles, these spreading almost at right angles and about as long as the width of the fruit. TYPE LOocALIty: “Habitat in arvis, cretaceis frequens,’’ England, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Southern and central Europe; introduced in southwestern Oregon and north- western California. ILLUSTRATION: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2396. 4. Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC. Prodr. 4: 219. 1830. Chaerophyllum scabrum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 119. 1784. Caucalis scabra Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 7: 44. 1893. Plants 2-6 dm. high, appressed-hispid throughout; leaves ovate in general outline, 2-pin- nate, the leaflets narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 2-10 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, acuminate, regularly incised or divided; peduncles 1-8 cm. long, longer than the leaves; involucre usually wanting; involucel of several subulate bractlets longer than the pedicels; rays usually 2-3, subequal, 1-4 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the mericarps covered throughout with uncinate bristles. TYPE LocALtIty: ‘‘Crescit prope Iedo [Tokyo] et alibi,’’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: China and Japan; introduced on ballast at Portland, Oregon. ILLUSTRATIONS: Jour. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 161: pl. 1, f. 6 (fr.); Makino, Ill. Fl. Japan 270; Makino, Gensyoku Yagai-shokubutu 1: 57. 26. CAUCALIS L. Sp. Pl. 240. 1753. Yabea K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 28: 202. 1915. Slender to rather stout, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, pubescent annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate or pinnately decompound, the leaflets or ultimate divisions entire, dentate, or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose or rarely subcapitate compound umbels; peduncles terminal and opposite the leaves. Involucre of a few entire or dissected bracts, or wanting. Involucel of a few entire or dissected, somewhat scarious bractlets. Rays few, spreading to divaricate. Pedicels short to obsolete. Flowers white; petals cuneate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer often radiant; calyx- teeth evident; styles short, the stylopodium thick, conic. Carpophore entire or bifid at the apex. Fruit ovoid or oblong, flattened laterally; primary ribs filiform, bristly, the lateral dis- placed onto the commissural face, the secondary prominent and winged, with uncinate bristles; oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete or flattened dorsally in cross section, the face deeply sulcate; strengthening cells present in the primary ribs, absent from the secondary. Type species, Caucalis daucoides L. Leaves simply pinnate, the leaflets 10-80 mm. long, 5—20 mm. broad; bracts pin- nately decompound, foliaceous; bractlets scarious-margined, entire; fruit 10-12 mm. long. 1. C. latifolia. Leaves pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions 2-8 mm. long, 0.2—-2 mm. broad; bracts entire, scarious; bractlets foliaceous, pinnatifid; fruit 3-7 mm. long. 2. C. microcarpa. 1. Caucalis latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12.2: 205. 1767. Tordylium latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 240. 1753. Turgenia latifolia Hoffm. Gen. Umbell 59. 1814. Daucus latifolius Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 193. 1879. Daucus Turgenia E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 158. 1904. 112 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, Rather stout, 2-6 dm. high, more or less hispid throughout; leaves oblong to ovate in gen- eral outline, excluding the petioles 4-16 cm. long, 2.5—11 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets oblong to linear, obtuse, at least the upper confluent by a narrowly winged rachis, 1-8 cm. long, 5-20 mm. broad, coarsely and remotely dentate or lobed; petioles 2-4 cm. long, with a short scarious- margined sheath; peduncles stout, 2-12 cm. long; involucre of several scarious, lanceolate, acuminate, entire bracts, 5-12 mm. long; involucel of several ovate to obovate, conspicuously scarious-margined, entire bractlets, 5-8 mm. long, shorter than the fruit; rays 2-4, ascending to divaricate, 2—4.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-2, stout, spreading, 2-5 mm. lenge flowers white or rose-colored; fruit oblong, 10-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, armed with rows of hooked bristles. TYPE Locality: ‘‘ Habitat in Gallia, Italia,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced from Europe into Pennsylvania and Oregon. ILLUSTRATIONS: J. W. Loud. Brit. Wild Fl. pl. 38; Benth. Handb. Brit. FI. ed. 2, f. 444; Fitch & Smith, Ill. Brit. Fl. ed. 4. 107. 2. Caucalis microcarpa H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1838. Daucus brachiatus Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rept. 4:93. 1857. Yabea microcarpa K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 28: 202. 1915. Slender, 8-40 cm. high, more or less hispid throughout or sometimes glabrescent; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-6 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 2-8 mm. long, 0.2-2 mm. broad; petioles 25-35 mm. long, with a short, scarious-margined sheath; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucre of several pinnately decompound, foliaceous bracts; involucel of several foliaceous, pinnatifid or rarely entire bractlets, mostly shorter than the fruit; rays 1-9, ascending, unequal, 1-8 cm. long; pedicels 2-9, erect, unequal, 15 mm. long to obsolete; flowers white; fruit oblong, 3-7 mm. long, armed with rows of hooked bristles. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: California, Douglas. DIstRIBUTION: Idaho and British Columbia to the Pacific coast, south to Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California (Elmer 2766, Heller 5403). a TELUS TE RtONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 69; Madrofio 1: 122, f. 11; Jepson, Man. FI. PI. Calif. 4, f. 68: 27. DAUCUS L. Sp. Pl. 242. 1753. Platyspermum Hoftm. Gen. Umbell. xxvi, 64. 1814. Not Platyspermum Hook. 1829. Tiricta Raf. New Fl. 4: 22. 1838. Babiron Raf. New FI. 4: 23. 1838. Ballimon Raf. New FI. 4: 28. 1838. Peltactila Raf. New FI. 4: 28. 1838. Staflinus Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Platydaucon Reichenb. Nom. 2: 205. 1841. Platycodon Reichenb. Nom. 2: 236. 1841. Durieua Boiss. & Reut. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 14. 1842. Carota Rupr. Fl. Ingr. 466. 1860. Pomelia Durando in Pomel, Mat. Fl. Atl. 7. 1860. Ctenodaucus Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 145. 1874. Low or tall, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, pubescent annuals or biennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions small and narrow. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels, or subcom- pact by the incurving of the rays after anthesis; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of numerous dissected or entire bracts, or wanting. Involucel of numerous toothed or entire bractlets, or wanting. Rays few to numerous, spreading or the outer often connivent over the shorter inner ones. Pedicels spreading, unequal. Flowers white, or the central flower of each umbellet purple, or rarely all reddish or yellow; petals obcordate, unequally cleft, with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer often radiant; calyx-teeth obsolete to evident; styles short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore entire or bifid at the apex. Fruit oblong to ovoid, flattened dorsally; primary ribs filiform, bristly; secondary ribs winged, the wings divided into a single row of barbed or glochidiate prickles; oil-tubes solitary under the secondary ribs, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face shallowly concave to nearly plane. Type species, Daucus Carota L. _— Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 113 Fruiting umbels many-rayed, compact in fruit by the incurving of the outer rays; rays 4-75 mm. long. Bracts pinnately divided into short linear or lanceolate divisions; rays usually 4-40 mm. long; carpel usually broadest below the middle; central flower of the umbellet white. 1. D. pusillus. Bracts pinnately divided into elongate filiform divisions; rays 30-75 mm. long; carpel broadest at the middle; central flower of the umbellet usually rose or purple. 2. D. Carota, Fruiting umbels few-rayed, open in fruit, the rays spreading-ascending; rays 15— 120 mm. long. 3. D. montanus. 1. Daucus pusillus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 164. 1803. Daucus ? foetidus Raf. Fl. Ludov. 81. 1817. (Hyponym.) Daucus microphyllus Pres|; DC. Prodr. 4: 213. 1830. Babiron pusillum Raf. New. Fl. 4: 23. 1838. Daucus brevifolius Raf. New. Fl. 4: 26. 1838. ? Peltactila aurea Raf. New. Fl. 4: 28. 1838. ? Peltactila grandiflora Raf. New. Fl. 4: 28. 1838. ? Peltactila hispida Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. ? Peltactila parviflora Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Daucus pusillus var. scaber T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 636. 1840. Daucus pusillus var. microphyllus T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 636. 1840. Daucus scaber Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 636, assyn. 1840. Plants annual, 3-90 cm. high, the stems usually solitary, simple or few-branched above, retrorsely papillate-hispid; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10.5 cm. long, 1.5-7 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions linear, 1-5 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad, acute, more or less hispid; petioles 4-15 em. long; peduncles 1.1-4.5 dm. long, retrorsely papillate- hispid; involucre of foliaceous, pinnately decompound bracts, the divisions short, linear or lanceolate; involucel of linear, acute bractlets, about equaling the pedicels; rays few to numer- ous, unequal, 0.4—4 cm. long, compact in fruit; pedicels unequal, 2-9 mm. long; flowers white; fruit oblong, 3-5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, usually broadest below the middle, the com- missural surface with 2 rows of hispidulous hairs. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘“‘In campestribus Carolinae,’’ Michaux? DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina and Florida, west and south to Missouri, California, Baja Cali- fornia, and Nuevo Leén, north to British Columbia (Baker 2843, Palmer 34,737). ILLustRations: Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: pl. 90, f. 8 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 249 (fr.); Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ. 131: pl. 5, f.d. 2. Daucus Carota L. Sp. Pl. 242. 1753. Caucalis Carota Crantz, Class. Umbell. 113. 1767. Caucalis Daucus Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 125. 1767. Tiricta daucoides Raf. New. Fl. 4: 23. 1838. ? Daucus levis Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus brevicaulis Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus nudicaulis Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus scariosus Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. Daucus scadiophylus Raf. New Fl. 4: 24. 1838. ? Daucus heterophylus Raf. New Fl. 4: 26. 1838. Daucus agrestis Raf. New Fl. 4: 27. 1838. ? Daucus strigosus Raf. New Fl. 4: 27. 1838. ? Ballimon nuricatum Raf. New FI. 4: 28. 1838. ? Ballimon maritimum Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Carota sativa Rupr. Fl. Ingr. 468. 1860. Daucus Carota f. rosea Millsp. Bull. W.Va. Exp. Sta. 2: 369. 1892. Daucus Carota f. roseus Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. 21: 369. 1920. Daucus Carota f. epurpurata Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. 2:35. 1923. Daucus Carota f. Fischeri Moldenke, Castanea 9:55. 1944. Daucus Carota f. Goodmani Moldenke, Castanea 9:55. 1944. Plants biennial, 1.5—12 dm. high, the stems solitary, glabrous to retrorsely hispid; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions linear to lanceolate, 2-12 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, acute, mucronate, entire or few-cleft, glabrous to hispid especially on the veins and margins; petioles 3-10 cm. long; divi- sions of the cauline leaves often elongate; peduncles 2.5-6 dm. long, retrorsely hispid; involucre of filiform, elongate, pinnately divided or rarely entire, scarious-margined bracts, 3-30 mm. long, usually reflexed; involucel of linear, acuminate, entire or rarely pinnate, more or less scarious, ciliate bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, unequal, 3—-7.5 cm. 114 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, long, compact in fruit; pedicels unequal, 3-10 mm. long; flowers white, yellow, or pinkish, the central flower of each umbellet usually purple or pinkish; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, broadest at the middle. Type Locatity: “In Europae campis exaridis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; adventive throughout the warmer parts of the earth; introduced through- the United States & Canada, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 445; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2000; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 84-86; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 105 (fr.); Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 419; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 510; ed. 2. 2: 625; L. H. Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 254; L. H. Bailey, St. Cycl. Hort. 674, 675; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 160; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 68 (fr.); Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 588. 3. Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl.; Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 482. 1820. Daucus toriloides DC. Prodr. 4: 214. 1830. Torilis peruviana Pres]; DC. Prodr. 4: 214, as syn. 1830. Plants annual, 1.2-8 dm. high, the stems usually solitary, erect, simple or few-branched, papillate-hispid with mostly retrorse hairs to glabrate; leaves oblong in general outline, exclud- ing the petioles 3.5-11 cm. long, 2.5—5 em. broad, the ultimate divisions linear, 2-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, acute, more or less hispid; petioles 3-12 em. long; peduncles 4.5—25 cm. long, retrorsely papillate-hispid; involucre of foliaceous, pinnately decompound bracts, the divisions short, linear; involucel of a few linear, acute bractlets shorter than the pedicels; rays 4-20, unequal, spreading, 1.5-12 cm. long; pedicels unequal, 3-20 mm.,long; fruit oblong, 3-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the commissural surface with 2 rows of hispidulous hairs. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: “In Silla de Caracas,’ Venezuela, Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Sonora, Chihuahua, and Vera Cruz to Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador (Palmer 104, Pringle 4884). ILLUSTRATION: Refug. Bot. pl. 299; 28. ANTHRISCUS Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 38. 1814; nomen conservandum. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, hispid to glabrous annuals, biennials, or rarely perennials, from slender taproots or fascicles of fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, ternate-pinnately or pinnately compound or decompound, the leaflets or ultimate divisions dentate or pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of several narrow, entire, usually reflexed bractlets. Rays few, spreading. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals oblong or cuneate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer occasionally radiant; calyx- teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore entire or bifid at the apex. Fruit ovoid to linear, attenuate into a beak at the apex, flattened laterally and often constricted at the commissure, smooth or bristly; ribs obsolete; oil-tubes obscure to obsolete; seed subterete in cross section, the face deeply sulcate; strengthening cells absent. Type species, Caucalis Scandix Scop. [Anthriscus scandicina (Weber) Mansfeld]. Plants finely pubescent to glabrous; fruit linear to lanceolate, glabrous, 5-6 mm. eaten teniate or ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets 3-6 mm. long; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long; rays 3-6; fruit linear, the beak about one-third the length of the body. 1. A. Cerefolium. Leaves bipinnate or ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets 20-50 mm. long; bractlets ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 mm. long; rays 6-12; fruit lanceolate, the beak about one-sixth the length of the body. Plants hispid; fruit ovoid, bristly-tuberculate, about 4 mm. long. . A. sylvestris. . A. scandicina. Wh 1. Anthriscus Cerefolium (I.) Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 41. 1814. Scandix Cerefolium 1. Sp. Pl. 257. 1753. Chaerophyllum Cerefolium Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3:70. 1767. Myrrhodes Cerefolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 268. 1891. Selinum Cerefolium E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:73. 1904. Chaerefolium Cerefolium Schinz & Thell. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 53: 554. 1909. Cerefolium Cerefolium Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 629. 1913. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 115 Much branched annuals, 4.5—-7 dm. high, finely pubescent above or glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, ternately or ternate- pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions ovate to oblong, 3-6 mm. long; petioles about 10 em. long; upper cauline leaves nearly sessile; peduncles 3 cm. long to obsolete; rays 3-6, 1.5-4 em. long; pedicels 3-6, 4-6 mm. long; involucel of several linear-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed bractlets, about 2 mm. long, shorter than the pedicels; fruit linear, with a ribbed beak one-third of its length, 6 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs obsolete. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In apris et arvis Europae australioris,’”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; introduced into Quebec, and from Connecticut to Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 85; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 528; ed. 2. 2: 629; Fiori & Paol. Ic. FI. Ital. f. 2383. 2. Anthriscus sylvestris (1,.) Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 40. 1814. Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. Sp. Pl. 258. 1753. Cerefolium sylvestre Besser, Prim. Fl. Gal. 1: 218. 1809. Myrrhis sylvestris Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 29. 1813. Myrrhodes silvestre Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 268. 1891. Chaerefolium silvestre Schinz & Thell. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 53: 554. 1909. Much branched annuals, 6-15 dm. high, finely pubescent below; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 20-30 cm. long, ternate-bipinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, sessile, 2-5 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, pinnately incised and toothed; petioles 5-20 cm. long; upper cauline leaves nearly sessile; peduncles 2-6 cm. long; involucel of several ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed bractlets, 2-6 mm. long, shorter than the pedicels; rays 6-12, unequal, 15-35 mm. long; pedicels 3-8, slender, 5-8 mm. long; fruit lanceolate, with a short beak about one-sixth of its length, 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs obsolete. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In Europae pomariis et cultis,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; introduced into Quebec and New York. ILLustTRATIONS: Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. pl. 1, f. 19; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2024; Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 423, 426; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 219. 3. Anthriscus scandicina (Weber) Mansfeld, Repert. Sp. Nov. 46: 309. 1939. Scandix Anthriscus L,. Sp. Pl. 257. 1753. Chaerophyllum Anthriscus Crantz, Class. Umbell. 76. 1767. Caucalis Scandix Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.1: 191. 1772. Caucalis scandicina Weber; Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 23. 1780. Anthriscus vulgaris Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 320. 1805. Not A. vulgaris Bernh. 1800. Myrrhis Anthriscus Lag. Amen. Nat. 98. 1821. Anthriscus Scandix Asch. Fl. Brand. 1: 260. 1860. Not A. Scandix Bieb. 1808. Anthriscus Anthriscus Karst. Deuts. Fl. 857. 1882. Myrrhodes Anthriscus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 268. 1891. Cerefolium vulgare Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 411. 1900, Chaerefolium Anthriscus Schinz. & Thell. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 53: 554. 1909. Branched annuals, 4.5—9 dm. high, more or less hispid throughout; leaves oblong-ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, 1-5 mm. long; petioles 3-8 cm. long; upper cauline leaves reduced; peduncles 2 cm. long to obsolete; involucel of a few lanceolate bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 3-6, 1-2.5 cm. long; pedicels 3-7, 2-9 mm. long; fruit ovoid, with a short beak, about 4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, covered with uncinate bristly tubercles. TYPE Loca.iry: ‘In Europae aggeribus terrenis,” collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Europe; introduced into Nova Scotia and Virginia, and from western Oregon to central California. ILLUSTRATION: Johnson & Sowerby, Brit. Wild. Fl. f. 567; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2029; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 219. 29. TREPOCARPUS Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5:56. 1829. Entasikon Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Cuminum (Trepocarpus) Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 201. 1879. 116 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the divisions short, linear. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles lateral, opposite the leaves. Involucre of a few foliaceous entire or divided bracts. Involucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays few, spreading. Pedicels very short. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, linear, unequal; styles very short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong-linear, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; primary ribs obsolete, but 4 secondary ribs and the face of the commissure prominently corky; oil-tubes small, solitary under the secondary ribs, 2 on the commissure, more or less imbedded in the seed and adhering to it; seed somewhat dorsally fiattened in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Trepocarpus Aethusae Nutt. 1. Trepocarpus Aethusae Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5:56. 1829. Trepocarpus brachycarpus DC. Prodr. 4: 202. 1830. Entasikon tenuifolium Raf. New Fl. 4: 29. 1838. ? Entasikon ? tuberosum Raf. New FI. 4: 29. 1838. Athamanta cherophyloides Nutt.; Raf. New Fl. 4: 29, assyn. 1838. Plants 3—5.5 dm. high, simple or freely branched above; leaves excluding the petioles 8-10 cm. long, pinnately decompound, the ultimate segments linear, acute, 2-12 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad; petioles 5-20 mm. long; cauline leaves little reduced upwards; peduncles 4—9.5 em. long; involucre of 1-several linear or leaflike bracts 3-15 mm. long, entire or divided; bractlets of the involucel like the bracts, 3-8 mm. long; rays 2-4, 5-15 mm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-8, 1 mm. or less long; calyx-teeth up to 1 mm. long, unequal; petals white; fruit 8-10 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Territoire d’Arkansa,” Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Mississippi and Alabama to Arkansas and Texas (Hall 258, Reverchon 375). ILLUSTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 14; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 87 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 85 (fr.). 30. CUMINUM L. Sp. Pl. 254. 1753. Cyminon St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 65. 1880. Luerssenia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 268. 1891. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous (except the fruit) annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately or pinnately dissected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. In- volucre of slender, unequal, reflexed, entire or ternate bracts. Involucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading, longer than the fruit. Flowers white or rose; petals oblong with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer radiant; calyx- teeth subulate, longer than the styles; styles short, the stylopodium conic, attenuate into the rigid styles. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, nearly terete but slightly flattened laterally, attenuate at the apex and base, setulose and bristly; primary ribs filiform, minutely setulose, the secondary very prominent, bristly; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed terete in cross section, the face slightly concave. Type species Cuminum Cyminum L. 1. Cuminum Cyminum L,. Sp. Pl. 254. 1753. Ligusticum Cuminum Crantz, Class. Umbell. 82. 1767. Luerssenia Cyminum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 268. 1891. Selinum Cuminum E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:91. 1904. Annual, glabrous, 2-3 dm. high; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-10 cm. long, ternately dissected, the ultimate divisions linear-filiform, entire, 1-5 cm. long; petioles 1-2 cm. long; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre of 5-7 linear and entire or ternate bracts with linear divisions, unequal, 1-5 cm. long, reflexed; involucel of bractlets like the bracts, 5-10 mm. long; rays 2-6, 5-25 mm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; calyx- teeth about 1 mm. long; petals white or rose; fruit oblong, 6-7 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad; seed-face slightly concave. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 117 TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In Aegypto, Aethiopia,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean region; adventive in Texas. ILLUSTRATIONS: Cav. Ic. 4: pl. 360; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 91 (fr.); Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 421 pe Hare, Caspari & Rusby, Nat. Stand. Dispens. 509 (fr.); Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2424, 31. CHAEROPHYLLUM L. Sp. Pl. 258. 1753. Grammosciadium DC. Prodr. 4: 232. 1830. Physocaulis Tausch, Flora 17: 342. 1834. Rhynchostylis Tausch, Flora 17: 343. 1834 Biasolettia Bertol. Fl. Ital. 3: 191. 1837. Freyera Reichenb. Handb. 291. 1837. Fiebera Opiz, Seznam 44. 1852. Balansaea Boiss. & Reut. Pug. Pl. Nov. 49. 1852. Bellia Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 411. 1900. Tall and slender or low, erect or spreading, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, pubescent or glabrous annuals or biennials (in our species), from taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions or lobes small, confluent or distinct. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, or frequently obsolete. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of numerous conspicuous bractlets, longer or shorter than the pedicels, reflexed or spreading in fruit. Rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white, rarely red or yellow; petals obovate or obcordate, 2-cleft, with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer often somewhat radiant; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short or slender, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-lobed part- way to the base. Fruit linear to narrowly oblong, beaked or beakless, often narrowed toward the apex, rounded or narrowed toward the base, flattened laterally, glabrous or pubescent; ribs prominent, unwinged, narrower or broader than the intervals; oil-tubes small, usually solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed terete in cross section, the face sulcate; each rib with a large group of strengthening cells occupying usually the whole thickness of the pericarp. Type species, Chaerophyllum temulum L. Introduced biennials, 3-20 dm. high; rays 6-20. Ultimate leaf-divisions oval, obtuse, villous-hirsute; root slender; rays 6-12. 1. C. temulum. Ultimate leaf-divisions linear to lanceolate, acute, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous on the nerves; root tuberous; rays 15-20. 2. C. bulbosum. Native annuals, 5-9 dm. high; rays 1-5. Fruit glabrous. Bractlets of the involucel usually reflexed in fruit; rays usually 4; pedicels usually more than 10, the umbellets compact. 3. C. texanum. Bractlets of the involucel spreading, not reflexed; rays usually 2-3; pedicels usually fewer than 6, the umbellets spreading. Plants more or less hispid; bractlets of the involucel usually longer than the pedicels; fruit-ribs prominent, somewhat nar- rower than to much exceeding the intervals. 4. C. Tainturieri. Plants glabrous to sparsely hispid; bractlets of the involucel shorter than the pedicels; fruit-ribs filiform, much narrower than the intervals. 5. C. procumbens. Fruit pubescent. Fruit distinctly beaked, 6-8 mm. long; Texas and adjacent areas. 4a. C. Tainturieri var. dasycarpum, Fruit narrowed at the apex but not beaked, 5-6 mm. long; Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Sa. C. procumbens var. Shortii. 1. Chaerophyllum temulum L. Sp. Pl. 258. 1753. Myrrhis temula All. Fl. Ped. 2: 29. 1785. Scandix temula Roth, Fl. Germ. 1: 122. 1788. Bellia temulenta Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 412. 1900. Selinum temulum E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 63. 1904. Plants erect, 3-10 dm. high, biennial from a taproot, the stems solitary, villous-hirsute; leaves ovate in general outline, large, 2-3-pinnate or 2-3-ternate, the leaflets ovate or ovate- oblong, pinnately lobed, the lobes oval, obtuse, villous-hirsute; peduncles 3-10 cm. long, or occasionally obsolete; involucel of 5-8 broadly lanceolate, mucronate, narrowly scarious- 118 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, margined, entire or toothed or lobed bractlets, shorter than the pedicels, reflexed in fruit; rays 6-12, unequal, 2-5 cm. long, pubescent; pedicels numerous, unequal, 4-10 mm. long; fruit ob- long, beakless but tapering toward the apex, rounded at the base, 4.8—7 mm. long, 1.2-1.5 mm. broad, the ribs broader than the narrow intervals. Type Loca.ity: “Ad Europae arvos, vias et sepes,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Western Europe to northern Africa; adventive at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Martindale 1878), and in New Jersey. ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 437; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2016; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2392; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 221. 2. Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. Sp. Pl. 258. 1753. Scandix bulbosa Roth, Fl. Germ. 1: 123. 1788. Myrrhis bulbosa Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 29. 1813. Selinum bulbosum E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2.12: 68. 1904. Plants erect, 1-2 m. high, biennial from a tuberous root, the stems solitary, villous-hirsute; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, large, 2-4-pinnate or 2—4-ternate, the ultimate divisions confluent, lanceolate to linear, acute, mucronate, glabrous or sparingly hispidulous on the nerves; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; bractlets of the involucel 5—6, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, scarious-margined, shorter than the pedicels, reflexed in fruit; rays 15-20, unequal, 2-4 cm. long, glabrous; pedicels numerous, 3-6 mm. long, unequal; fruit oblong, beakless, slightly nar- rowed at the apex and base, 4-7 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, the ribs broader than the narrow intervals. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘In Alsatia, Hungaria, Helvetia,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Central and eastern Europe; adventive in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. ™ ere ATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2017; Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 423 (fr.); Coste, Mr: 22,221. 3. Chaerophyllum texanum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:59. 1900. Chaerophyllum reflexum Bush, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12: 62. 1902. Plants erect, 2.5-7.5 dm. high, annual, the stems solitary and usually branching near the base, sparsely hispidulous to glabrous; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, exclud- ing the petioles 1.5—9 cm. long, 1.5—8 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divi- sions distinct, linear, 2-11 mm. long, 0.5—1.5 mm. broad, obtuse to somewhat acute, glabrous or sparingly hispidulous on the nerves; petioles 3-8 cm. long, hispidulous, with a ciliate-mar- gined sheath; peduncles mostly obsolete; involucel of several conspicuous, ovate, rounded to acute bractlets, slightly longer than the pedicels, reflexed in fruit; rays 2-4, 1.5-7 cm. long; pedicels 6-20, 0.5—8 mm. long; fruit narrowly oblong, beakless but usually narrowed toward the apex, rounded to narrower at the base, 4-6 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs equal- ing or exceeding the intervals. TYPE LOCALITY: Near Houston, Texas, Rose 173. DISTRIBUTION: Missouri and Louisiana to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas (Bush 7531, Reverchon 4337). ILLUSTRATION: Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 594. 4. Chaerophyllum Tainturieri Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1:47. 1835. Chaerophyllum daucophyllum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 638, assyn. 1840. Chaerophyllum procumbens var. Tainturieri Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 160. 1887. Chaerophyllum Tainturieri var. floridanum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 60. 1900. Chaerophyllum floridanum Bush, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12: 62. 1902. Plants erect, 1.5—-9 dm. high, annual, the stems solitary and usually branching near the base, sparsely hispid above and densely retrorsely-hispid below; leaves oblong to ovate- oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-12 cm. long, 2-10 cm. broad, ternate-pin- nately dissected, the ultimate divisions more or less confluent, ovate, 1-5 mm. long, 1—-2.5 mm. broad, obtuse to acute, more or less hispid throughout; petioles 3-10 cm. long, hispid, with a subscarious ciliate-margined sheath; peduncles mostly obsolete; involucel of several ovate, acute, ciliate-margined bractlets, usually longer than the pedicels, spreading and usually not Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 119 conspicuously reflexed in fruit; rays 1-5 (usually 3), 2-7.5 cm. long; pedicels 3-10, 10 mm. long to obsolete; fruit narrowly oblong, distinctly beaked, rounded to narrowed toward the base, 6-8 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, the ribs narrower to much broader than the intervals. Type LocaLity: New Orleans, Louisiana, Tainturier. DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Florida, west to Kansas and Texas (Curtiss 4653, Hall 261). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 82 (fr.); Velenovsky, Vergl. Morph. 808; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 530; ed. 2. 2: 630. 4a. Chaerophyllum Tainturieri var. dasycarpum S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 416. 1878. Chaerophyllum dasycarpum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 638, as syn. 1840. Chaerophyllum procumbens var. dasycarpum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 160. 1887. Similar to the species, but usually lower; fruit pubescent. TYPE LocaLity: New Orleans, Louisiana, Tainturier. DISTRIBUTION: Alabama and Mississippi to Texas. ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 84; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 58 (fr.). 5. Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz, Class. Umbell. 77. 1767. Scandix procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 257. 1753. Myrrhis bifida Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 29. 1813. Myrrhis procumbens Spreng. Pug. 2: 56. 1815. Chaerophyllum procumbens var. Boscii DC. reds. 4: 225. 1830. Chaerophyllum articulatum Bosc; DC. Prodr. 4: 225, as syn. 1830. Chaerophyllum bifidum Willd.; DC. Prodr. 4: 225, assyn. 1830. Chaerophyllum Boscii DC.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 339. 1840. Plants spreading, annual, the stems solitary and usually branching near the base, 1.5-7.5 dm. long, glabrous to sparingly hispid especially at the nodes; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-12 cm. long, 2.5—9 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately dis- sected, the ultimate divisions confluent, linear to ovate, 1-7 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, obtuse to somewhat acute, glabrous or sparingly hispidulous on the nerves and margins; petioles 3.5-6 cm. long, the sheath with a scarious villous margin; peduncles slender to obsolete; involucel of several conspicuous, ovate, rounded to acute, villous-margined bractlets, shorter than the pedicels, spreading in fruit; rays 2-3, 2-5.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-6, 2-11 mm. long; fruit narrowly oblong, beakless but narrowed at the apex, rounded to narrowed at the base, 5-9 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs filiform, much narrower than the broad intervals. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia, Clayton. DISTRIBUTION: New York and Ontario to Virginia, west to Iowa, Kansas, and Arkansas (Bush 1462, Shull 435). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hill. Veg. Syst. 6: pl. 46, f. 4; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 79 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, IIl. Fl. 2: 529; ed. 2. 2: 629. 5a. Chaerophyllum procumbens var. Shortii IT. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 637. 1840. Chaerophyllum Shortii Bush, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 12:59. 1902. Similar to the species, but usually more pubescent; fruit somewhat narrowed toward the apex, 5-6 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, pubescent. TYPE LocaLity: Kentucky, Short. DISTRIBUTION: Ohio and Indiana to Kentucky, along the Ohio River; Missouri ? (Deam 35,477.) DOUBTFUL SPECIES CHAEROPHYLLUM ARBORESCENS L,. Sp. Pl. 259. 1753. The foliage figured by Hill (Veg. Syst. 6: pl. 53, f. 3) resembles that of certain species of Angelica. ‘The inflorescence is suggestive of the genus Arracacia. From notes taken in the Linnean Herbarium by Dr. H. N. Moldenke, the foliage on the type specimen would seem to be that of one of the eastern American species of Osmorhiza. The writers know of no plant from “ Virginia,’’ the type locality, which would match the published description and illustration. 120 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 32. OREOMYRRHIS Endl. Gen. 787. 1839; nomen conservandum. Caldasia Lag. Amen. Nat. 98. 1821. Not Caldasia Willd. 1807, nor Mutis, 1810. Low, herbaceous, short-caulescent to acaulescent, more or less pubescent perennials, from a long slender taproot. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 2—3-pinnatisect, the leaflets small, crowded. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose simple umbels; peduncles terminal, longer or shorter than the leaves. Involucre of several more or less connate, entire or divided bracts. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white or purplish; petals oval, often pubescent dorsally; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, erect, persistent, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, tapering toward the apex, rounded at the base, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous or pubescent; ribs filiform, unwinged; oil-tubes solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure; seed terete in cross section, the face concave. Type species, Myrrhis andicola H.B.K. (Oreomyrrhis andicola Endl.). Involucral bracts connate only their lower third or fourth, the lobes cleft or divided, reflexed; ultimate leaf-divisions linear to narrowly lanceolate, flaccid. Leaves 3-pinnatisect; involucral bracts ternate-pinnately dissected; fruit 4-6 mm. long; leaflets sparsely pilose to glabrate. 1. O. daucifolia. Leaves 2-pinnatisect; involucral bracts lobed or cleft; fruit 3-3.5 mm. long; leaflets rather densely pilose. 2. O. orizabae. Involucral bracts connate at least half their length, the lobes entire or toothed, erect or spreading; ultimate leaf-divisions ovate to lanceolate, somewhat succulent. 3. O. tolucana, 1. Oreomyrrhis daucifolia I. M. Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb lO el25n 1938s Plants slender, 1-3 dm. high, the stems 1.5—-14 cm. long; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—-7.5 cm. long, 5-30 mm. broad, 3-pinnatisect, flaccid, sparsely pilose to glabrate, the ultimate divisions linear, 1-3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. or less broad, the rachis sparsely puberulent; petioles 2.5—7 cm. long; peduncles 7-22 cm. long; involucral bracts connate their lower fourth, the lobes obovate, 3-7 mm. long, ternate-pinnately dissected, pilose, reflexed; pedicels 1-8 mm. long; fruit 4-6 mm. long, 1—-1.5 mm. broad. PE LOCALITY: Charcol, Sierra Cuchumatanes, Department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala, Ty 3180 m. alt.; alpine meadow, Skutch 1263. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains, Guatemala (Standley 65,593, Steyermark 35,495, 36,127). 2. Oreomyrrhis orizabae I. M. Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 126. 1938. Plants low and matted, 4-10 cm. high, the stems 5-30 mm. long, often obsolete; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, 2-pinnatisect, flaccid, rather densely pilose, the ultimate divisions linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long, 0.3-0.9 mm. broad, the rachis pilose throughout; petioles 1-2 cm. long; peduncles 25-65 mm. long; involucral bracts connate their lower fourth or third, the lobes obovate, 2.5-5 mm. long, deeply lobed or cleft, pilose, reflexed; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; fruit 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.2-1.5 mm, broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Orizaba, Mexico, 3600-3700 m. alt., Pringle 8540. DISTRIBUTION: Mount Orizaba, Mexico. 3. Oreomyrrhis tolucana I. M. Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 127. 1938. Plants low and matted, 25-75 mm. high, the stems 10-25 mm. long, often obsolete; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, 2-pinnatisect, slightly succulent, pilose or glabrate, the ultimate divisions ovate to lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, the rachis pilose at the base of the leaflets; petioles 1-2 em. long; peduncles 1-6 cm. long; involucral bracts connate at least their lower half, the lobes Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 121 oblong to orbicular, 1-2 mm. long, entire or toothed, somewhat pilose-ciliate, erect or spreading; pedicels 1-6 mm. long; fruit 2.5—-3.5 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Toluca, Mexico, 4650 m. alt., Pringle 4236. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains, Mexico (state) to Puebla (Purpus 1679, 3789). 33. FOENICULUM Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 101. 1763. Faeniculum Hill, Hort. Kew. 103. 1768. Ozodia Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 1: 374. 1834. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous and glaucous perennials or biennials with a strong anise odor, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pin- nately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre wanting. Involucel wanting. Rays numerous, ascending. Pedicels several, spreading. Flowers yellow; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles very short, recurved, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent, acute or obtuse; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, often sulcate under the intervals, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Anethum Foeniculum \. (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). 1. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Foeniculum, no. 1. 1768. Anethum Foeniculum \. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Ligusticum Foeniculum Crantz, Class. Umbell. 82. 1767. Foeniculum officinale All. Fl. Ped. 2: 25. 1785. Meum Foeniculum Spreng. in R. & S_ Syst. Veg. 6: 433. 1820. Ozodia foeniculacea Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Or. 375. 1834. Foeniculum Foeniculum Karst. Deuts. Fl. 837. 1882. Selinum Foeniculeum E.H.L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2.12: 115. 1904. Plants stout, 9-21 dm. high; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3 dm. long, 4 dm. broad, pinnately decompound, dark green, the ultimate divisions filiform, 4-40 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad; petioles 7-14 cm. long, wholly and broadly sheathing; peduncles 15-65 mm. long; rays 15-40, spreading-ascending in flower, ascending to suberect in fruit, somewhat unequal, 1—6.5 cm. long; pedicels several, 2-10 mm. long, subequal; fruit oblong, 3.5—4 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, the ribs acute. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘In Narbonae, Aremoriae, Maderae rupibus cretaceis,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean region; adventive throughout the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Gaertn. Fruct. pl. 23; Wight, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 2: pl. 570; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2318; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 643; Britton, Fl. Bermuda 276; Madrofio 1: 143. 34. TAENIDIA (T. & G.) Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 195. 1898. Zizia § Taenidia T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 614. 1840. Pimpinella Sect. Zizioides Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 894. 1867. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous and glaucous perennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 2—3-ternate or 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, entire. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre wanting. Involucel wanting. Rays rather few, spreading- ascending, unequal. Pedicels few, spreading, the central flowers sterile, short-pedicellate. Flowers yellow; petals elongate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft tothe base. Fruit oblong-oval, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform; oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Smyrnium integerrimum L,. (Taenidia integerrima Drude). 122 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, 1. Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 195. 1898. Smyrnium integerrimum L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Angelica integrifolia Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Sison integerrimus Spreng. Syst. 1: 887. 1825. Zizia integerrima DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Genéve 4: 493. 1829. Pimpinella integerrima A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 345. 1868. Pimpinella integrifolia Wood, Bot. & Fl. 139. 1870. Plants 3-8.5 dm. high, the stems purplish toward the base; basal leaves ovate to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-9 cm. long, 5-9 cm. broad, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 1—-2.5 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, rounded to acute, shortly mucronulate at the apex, slightly decurrent to rounded at the base, sessile; petioles 4-17 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the leaflets 15—45 cm. long, 8-35 mm. broad with wholly sheathing petioles 1—9.5 cm. long; peduncles 1-20 cm. long; rays 15—20, 15-95 mm. long, spreading to ascending, the central rays sterile and half the length of the fertile; umbellets about 35-flowered, the central flowers sterile and short-pedicellate; fertile pedicels 7-12 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia, Clayton 549. DISTRIBUTION: Quebec and Ontario to Georgia, west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Arkansas (Biltmore Herb. 4350a, Friesner 7367, Mathias 1399). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 69 (fr.); Flora 83: 265; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 526; ed. 2. 2: 640; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 109 (fr.); Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 596. 35. ZIZIA Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 128. 1825. Carum Sect. Zizia Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 891. 1867. Erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching or simple, glabrous or nearly glabrous perennials, from a fascicle of somewhat fleshy roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, simple or ternately compound, the leaflets serrate or dentate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose com- pound umbels; peduncles terminal, or terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting. Involucel of a few small, narrow bractlets. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending or spreading. Pedicels short and stout, spreading, the central flower of each umbellet sessile or subsessile. Flowers yellow; petals obovate or obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent; styles slender, erect or spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft about one- half of its length. Fruit oblong to oval, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, two on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, sulcate under the tubes, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Smyrnium aureum L,. (Zizia aurea Koch). Basal leaves simple (or occasionally ternate), the margins crenate-dentate. 1. Z. aptera. Basal leaves 1—2-ternate, the margins serrate or dentate. Rays lax and spreading, 5-8 cm. long; fruit oval, 3-4.5 mm. long, 2—3.5 mm, broad. 2. Z. trifoliata. Rays spreading-ascending, 1—3.5 cm. long; fruit oblong or oblong-ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad. Leaves ternate; rays 8-10; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; Florida. 3. Z. latifolia. Leaves 2-ternate; rays 10-15; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; more northerly and westerly in range. 4. Z. aurea. 1. Zizia aptera (A. Gray) Fernald, Rhodora 41: 441. 1939. Zizia cordata Koch; DC. Prodr. 4: 100. 1830. Not Smyrnium cordatum Walt. 1788. Thaspium trifoliatum var. apterum A, Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856. Carum cordatum Benth. & Hook.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 127, assyn. 1888. Not Smyrnium cordatum Walt. 1788. Zizia aptera var. occidentalis Fernald, Rhodora 41: 444. 1939. Plants 3-6 cm. high; basal leaves cordate to oval, excluding the petioles 4-7 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, simple or occasionally ternate, crenate-dentate; petioles 5-12 cm. long; cauline leaves ternately divided, the divisions lanceolate, coarsely serrate and often lobed; peduncles 6-12 cm. long; involucel of a few inconspicuous, linear, acute bractlets 1-2 mm. long, shorter or longer than the pedicels; rays 12-16, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; fruit oblong to oval, 2-4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 123 ‘TYPE LOCALITY: New York and New Jersey, collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Eastern Canada to Georgia, west to British Columbia, Washington, western Oregon, and Utah (Grant ae Nelson 8800). ILLUSTRATIONS: Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: pl. 33; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 5, f. 65 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 535; ed. 2. 2: 642; Contr. U. Ss. Nat. Herb. 7: 90 (fr.); Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 596. 2. Zizia trifoliata (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 298. 1940. Sison trifoliatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 168. 1803. Zizia aurea var. Bebbii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 138. 1887. Zizia Bebbii Britton; Vail, Mem. Torrey Club 2:35. 1890. Zizia arenicola Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 29: 442. 1905. Plants 5-6 dm. high; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-6 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, 1—2-ternately compound, the leaflets ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5—5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, usually distinct, shallowly dentate; petioles 3.5—8 cm. long; cauline leaves pinnate, the leaflets becoming lanceolate and often confluent Ai ards; peduncles 8-12 cm. long; involucel of a few, inconspicuous, linear, acute bractlets, 1-2 mm. long, shorter or longer than the pedicels; rays 4-11, lax and spreading, unequal, 5-8 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; fruit oval, 3-4.5 mm. long, 2-3.5 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face nearly plane. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia and North Carolina, Canby. DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Florida, west to ALkanses (Heller 841, Small & Heller 218). page ATIONS Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 534; ed. 2. 2: 641; Addisonia 16: pl. 524; Rhodora 42: pl. a 3. Zizia latifolia Small, Man. SE. Fl. 982. 1933. Plants 3-4 dm. high; basal leaves deltoid-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-8 cm. long, 9-11 cm. broad, ternate, the leaflets ovate to orbicular, 4-6 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, distinct, coarsely and sharply serrate; petioles 10-14 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; peduncles 4~7 cm. long; involucel of a few, inconspicuous, linear, ae bractlets, 1-2 mm. long; rays 8-10, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; fruit ob- long, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE Loca.tity: Near Bristol, Florida, Curtiss. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 4. Zizia aurea (1,.) Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 129. 1825. Smyrnium aureum I. Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. Thaspium aureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. Sison aureus Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 410. 1820. Thaspium aureum var. apterum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156. 1856. Carum aureum Benth. & Hook.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 127, as syn. 1888. Zizia aurea var. oblusifolia Bissell, Rhodora 2: 225. 1900. Zizia aurea f. obtusifolia Fernald, Rhodora 41: 444. 1939, Plants 4-8 dm. high; basal leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-10 cm. long, 7-12 cm. broad, 2-ternate or the middle leaflet pinnatifid, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 2.5—-5 cm. long, 1-3 em. broad, distinct, sharply serrate; petioles 10-15 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, becoming narrowly lanceolate and confluent upwards; peduncles 5—15 em. long; involucel of a few inconspicuous, linear, acute bractlets 1-3 mm. long, shorter than or equaling the pedicels; rays 10-15, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1—3.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. ‘Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ America borealis,’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Canada to Florida, west to Saskatchewan, Montana, and Texas (Bush 757, Fernald 50). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 5, f. 63 (tr); paeulen ee Witting: Wild Fl. 208; Mathews, Wayside Fl, 1: 25; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 534; ed. 2.2 124 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 36. HARBOURIA Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 26. 1888. Slender, erect, subcespitose, herbaceous, caulescent, branching perennials, from long slender taproots. Leaves mostly basal, petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear, mucronulate, distinct. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose to subcompact compound umbels, hirtellous to scabrous; peduncles terminal, usually in pairs. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of a few inconspicuous linear bractlets, usually shorter than the pedicels. Rays few to numerous, spreading, subequal. Pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers yellow; petals oval with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth small, evident; style short, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore entire. Fruit ovoid, flattened laterally and constricted at the commissure, granular-roughened; ribs 4-6, obtuse, corky, subequal; oil-tubes large, usually solitary in the intervals, 1-3 on the commissure; seed sub- terete in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells present or wanting. Type species, Thaspium trachypleurum A. Gray (Harbouria trachypleura Coult. & Rose). 1. Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 125. 1888. Thaspium trachypleurum A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 63. 1864. Cicuta (?) trachypleura S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 417. 1878. Plants 8-55 cm. high, the stems glabrous except for hirtellous pubescence at the base of the umbel; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—20 cm. long, 2-12 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions 2-30 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles 0.8-20 em. long; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 inconspicuous lanceolate bracts; involucel of several linear, acute bractlets 1-4 mm. long; rays 8-30, 5-35 mm. long; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit 3-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On the mountains, at middle and lower elevations, Colorado,”’ Hall & Harbour DISTRIBUTION: Southern Wyoming and northern Utah to central New Mexico (Bethel & Clokey 4222, Nelson 160). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. /46; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 93 (fr.); Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 13 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 27, f. 2. 37. MUSINEON* Raf. Jour. de Phys. 91:71. 1820. Marathrum Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 101. 1819. Not Marathrum Humb. & Bonpl. 1808. Adorium Raf. Neog. 3. 1825. Musenium § Daucophyllum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 642. 1840. Daucophyllum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 68. 1913. Low, erect, short-caulescent or acaulescent with or without the development of a pseudo- scape, herbaceous, glabrous to scabrous perennials, from long, thickened, subfusiform taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 1—3-pinnate, or ternate, the ultimate divisions linear, dis- tinct to confluent. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence a loose or subcompact compound umbel; peduncles terminal, shorter or longer than the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel dimidiate or subdimidate, of usually distinct, linear, acute, occasionally scarious-margined bractlets. Rays few, spreading. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers white or yellow; petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth ovate, conspicuous; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore entire, bifid at the apex or 2-cleft nearly to the base. Fruit ovoid to linear-oblong, flattened laterally and somewhat constricted at the commissure, glabrous to scabrous; ribs acute, prominent; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure, sometimes one in each rib; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane or concave; strengthening cells usually wanting. Type species, Seseli divaricatum Pursh (Musineon divaricatum Nutt.). Plants caulescent. Stems dichotomously branching; pseudoscape usually developed. Stems glabrous or nearly so; fruit usually glabrous. 1. M:, divaricatum. Stems scabrous; fruit densely scabrous to minutely scaberulous. la. M. divaricatum var. Hookeri. * Often erroneously written ‘‘Musenion,”’ ‘‘Musineum,”’ or ‘‘ Musenium.”” Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 125 Stems not dichotomously branched; pseudoscapes not developed. — Leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-3-ternate, the ultimate divi- sions 2-11 mm. long; petioles inflated at the base into a conspicuous, purplish, scarious-margined sheath; Montanaand northern Wyoming. 2. M.vaginatum. Leaves narrowly oblong, pinnate, the ultimate divisions 10-35 mm. long; petioles neither conspicuously inflated nor purplish; northern Utah. 3. M. lineare. Plants acaulescent. _ 4 ; Peduncles entirely glabrous; involucel conspicuous; fruit minutely scaberu- lous; Utah. 3. M. lineare. Peduncles mostly hirtellous at the base of the umbel; involucel inconspic- uous; fruit granular-scabrous; plains and foothills of eastern Wyoming aye and adjacent states. 4. M. tenuifolium. 1. Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Nutt.; T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 642, in part. 1840.* Seseli divaricatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 732. 1814. Adorium crasstfolium Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 217. 1830. Musineon pedunculatum A, Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 225. 1901. Plants caulescent, spreading to erect, the stems glabrous to somewhat scabrous, usually dichotomously branching and longer than the leaves; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—9 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong, pinnately lobed, 5-15 mm. long, 3-10 mm. broad; petioles 1-13 cm. long; bractlets 2-4 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less distinct, sometimes scarious-margined, scaberulous, shorter than the yellow flowers; rays 10-20, subequal, 4-45 mm. long, glabrous or scaberulous; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; fruit ovoid to oblong, constricted at the apex, 3-6 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, glabrous or rarely minutely scaberulous, the oil-tubes 3—4 in the intervals, 4—6 on the commissure and sometimes one in each rib, the seed-face concave. Type Locatity: “In Upper Louisiana,’’ Missouri bluffs at the mouth of L’eau qui court (Nio- brara River, South Dakota), Bradbury. DISTRIBUTION: Northern Montana to central Colorado, Missouri River valley of South Dakota and Nebraska, west to western Wyoming and Montana (Nelson 7093, Osterhout 2801). ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 643; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 35, f. 17 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 26, f. 1. la. Musineon divaricatum var. Hookeri T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 642. 1840. Seseli lucidum Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. No. 78. 1813. (Nomen nudum.) Musenium Hookeri Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 642, assyn. 1840. Musenium trachyspermum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 642. 1840. Musenium angustifolium Nutt.; urs & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 642. 1840. Adorium lucidum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 264. 1891. Adorium Hookeri Rydb. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 501. 1896. Stems scaberulous at the base of the umbel to densely scabrous throughout; leaves narrower in outline than in the species, usually scabrous along the veins and margins; rays and bractlets scabrous; fruit minutely scaberulous to densely scabrous, the oil-tubes rarely solitary in the intervals. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Plains of the Upper Platte, near the Rocky Mountains,” Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Central Saskatchewan to central Colorado; western North Dakota and eastern Wyoming to eastern Idaho and eastern Nevada. (Clokey 4227, Nelson 7263.) nae ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. pl. 1742; U. S. Dep. Agr. Bull. Bot. 26: pl. 23; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & PI. 2. Musineon vaginatum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 288. 1900. Plants caulescent, 4-30 cm. high, the stems purplish-tinged, scaberulous at the base of the umbel, otherwise glabrous; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 1-10.5 em. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, pinnately lobed, 5-11 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, rarely scaberulous above; petioles 1-4 cm. long, inflated at the base into a conspicuous, purplish, scarious-margined sheath; peduncle usually exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting, or rarely present as a low sheath; * As “‘Musenium.” 126 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, involucel of linear-lanceolate bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the white or yellowish flowers; rays several, 4-17 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 1—2 mm. broad, glabrous to densely scaberulous, the oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, 4-5 on the commissure, the seed-face plane. TYPE LocaLity: Bridger Mountains, Montana, Rydberg & Bessey 4626. DISTRIBUTION: Bridger Mountains, Montana; Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming; northern Utah (Blankinship 218, Tweedy 2424.) 3. Musineon lineare (Rydb.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 265. 1930. Aleles ? tenuifolia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 108. 1900. Not Musineon tenuifolium Nutt. 1840, nor Coult. & Rose, 1930. Daucophyllum lineare Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club. 40: 69. 1913. Plants subcaulescent, subcespitose, 8-25 cm. high, the stems glabrous, slender, lax, usually longer than the leaves; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets linear, acute, 10-35 mm. long, about 1—2 mm. broad, distinct; petioles 3-14 cm. long; involucel conspicuous, subdimidiate, the bractlets distinct, linear-lanceolate, acute, greatly exceeding the yellow flowers; rays several, 2-5 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, minutely scaberulous, the oil-tubes 2-4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure. TYPE LocaLity: Near Logan, Utah, Rydberg. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality (Shear 3162, C. P. Smith 2337). 4. Musineon tenuifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 642. 1840.* Adorium tenuifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 264. 1891. Daucophyllum tenuifolium Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 69. 1913. Plants acaulescent, erect, subcespitose, 6-30 cm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—-10 cm. long, 5-25 mm. broad, 1—3-pinnate, the ultimate di- visions distinct, linear, acute, 2-30 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles 1-12 cm. long; pe- duncles exceeding the leaves, hirtellous at the base of the umbel; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 inconspicuous and short to prominent and linear-lanceolate bracts, shorter than or equaling the rays; involucel of several inconspicuous, linear, acute, green bractlets, 1-2 mm. long, exceeding the white or yellow flowers; rays 8-30, subequal, 2-20 mm. long, frequently scabrous; pedicels 1—2 mm. long; fruit ovoid to narrowly oblong, slightly constricted at the apex, 2-5 mm. long, 1—2 mm. broad, granular-scabrous, the oil-tubes mostly 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commis- sure; seed-face plane. TYPE Loca ity: ‘‘Rocky Mountains,’ probably on the upper Platte River in Wyoming, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Western South Dakota and Nebraska to adjacent Wyoming and Colorado (Goodding 47, Nelson 176). InLustrRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 3; pl. 26, f. 2. 38. ALETES Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 27. 1888. Low, cespitose, herbaceous, acaulescent, glabrous to pubescent perennials, from slender, elongated roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets short, linear to ovate, distinct or confluent, often lobed and spinulose-dentate or entire. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal, longer or shorter than the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel subdimidiate, of linear or lanceolate, con- nate or free bractlets, usually shorter than the flowers. Rays few to rather numerous, spread- ing to reflexed. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers yellow; petals ovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth deltoid-ovate, conspicuous; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, sometimes readily deciduous. Fruit oblong to ovoid-oblong, slightly flattened laterally or subterete, glabrous; ribs subequal, prominent and corky-winged or obscure; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, sometimes * As “ Musenium.” Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 127 one in the apex of each rib; seed subterete or flattened dorsally in cross section, channeled under the tubes, the face plane or concave; strengthening cells inconspicuous. Type species, Deweya ? acaulis Torr. (Aletes acaulis Coult. & Rose). Peduncles longer than the leaves; ribs corky-winged. Rays 8-15; bractlets connate at the base. . A. acaulis. 1 Rays 4-8; bractlets distinct. 2. A. MacDougali. Peduncles shorter than the leaves; ribs obscure. 3. A. humilis. 1. Aletes acaulis (Torr.) Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 126. 1888. Deweya ? acaulis Torr. Pacif. R.R. Rep. 41:94. 1857. Oreosciadium acaule A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 343. 1868. Seseli Hallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 288. 1870. Musenium Greenei A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 387. 1872. Carum (?) Hallii S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 416. 1878. Zizia Hallii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 137. 1887. Aletes obovata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 573. 1904. Plants 5-35 cm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to orbicular, acute, confluent, pinnately lobed and spinulose-dentate, 4-10 mm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, sometimes puberulent on the veins and ciliate; petioles 1.5-15 em. long; peduncles 5—27 cm. long, longer than the leaves, occasionally puberulent at the base of the umbel; bractlets of the involucel lanceolate to linear, acute, 2-3 mm. long, membranaceous and sometimes ciliate, connate at the base; rays 8-15, subequal, 5-30 mm. long, spreading to reflexed, sometimes puberulent; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; fruit oblong, 4-7 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, the 2 or 3 dorsal and the lateral ribs corky- winged, the wings obtuse; an accessory oil-tube in the apex of each rib. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In crevices of rocks near Santa Antonita, New Mexico,’’ Bigelow. DiIsTRIBUTION: Mountains of Colorado through New Mexico to western Texas and Chihuahua (Bethel & Clokey 4228, Hall & Harbour 221). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 147 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 106 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 4; pl. 28, f. 1. 2. Aletes MacDougali Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 107. 1900. Oreoxis MacDougali Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 68. 1913. Cymopterus MacDougali Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 42. 1935. Plants 6-25 cm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-80 mm. long, 5-30 mm. broad, pinnate or occasionally 2-pinnate, the leaflets linear-oblong to ovate, entire or the broader incised and toothed, distinct or somewhat confluent in 2-pinnate leaves, 2-30 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad; petioles 1-11 cm. long; peduncles 5-15 cm. long, longer than the leaves; involucel of several linear, distinct bractlets, 2-3 mm. long; rays 4-8, 3-17 mm. long; pedicels about 1 mm. long; fruit oblong, 4-8 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, the ribs corky-winged, the wings broadly linear, rounded or acute at the apex; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Oe TYPE LOCALITY: “On Berry’s trail to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado,” Arizona, MacDougal ve DISTRIBUTION: Canyons and mesas of southeastern Utah and adjacent Arizona and Colorado (Mathias 650, Rydberg & Garrett 9458). ILLustRaTion: Ann, Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 30, f. 1. 3. Aletes humilis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 107. 1900. Plants 2-10 cm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-40 mm. long, 10-35 mm. broad, 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets linear to ovate-oblong, acute, confluent in the bipinnate leaves, appearing as lobes of the leaflets, 1-10 mm. long, 0.5-5 mm. broad, sometimes puberulent on the veins and ciliate; petioles 1-6 cm. long; peduncles 1—4 cm. long, shorter than the leaves, sometimes puberulent at the base of the umbel; bractlets of the involucel linear, acute, 2-5 mm. long, free, sometimes ciliate; rays 4-6, subequal, 20-45 mm. long, lax, mostly 128 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, glabrous; pedicels about 2 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad; ribs acute, inconspicuous; accessory oil-tubes absent. TYPE LOCALITY: Dale Creek, Larimer County, Colorado, Osterhout 6. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type era Oster hots 2002, 4678). ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 38; pl. 39. NEOPARRYA Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 393. 1929. Low, erect, herbaceous, acaulescent, glabrous, cespitose perennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, pinnate, the leaflets somewhat rigid, linear, entire or rarely toothed. Petioles sheathing below. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal, longer than the leaves. Involucre wanting. Involucel of inconspicuous, linear-lanceolate bractlets, minutely scaberulous on the margins. Rays few, spreading to ultimately reflexed. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers unknown; calyx-teeth evident, deltoid-acute to subacuminate, reflexed and persistent in fruit; styles short, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent but unwinged, the lateral a little more prominent than the dorsal, the whole pericarp conspicuously corky; oil-tubes numerous, of various sizes, scattered throughout the pericarp; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or slightly convex; strengthening cells wanting. Type species, Neoparrya lithophila Mathias. 1. Neoparrya lithophila Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 393. 1929. Seseli Nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 287, as to Parry 83. 1870. Plants about 1.5 dm. high; leaves oblong-lanceolate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-10 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. broad, the leaflets distant, remote, 5-20 mm. long; rays 7-10, unequal, 5-15 mm. long; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; bractlets of the involucel about 3 mm. long, reflexed in fruit; styles 2-3 mm. long; fruit 3-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad. near Servilleta, Taos County, ” TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On rocks, Huefano [Huerfano] Mountains, New Mexico, Parry 83. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLustTRaTIons: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: pl. 33; 17: pl. 22, f. 2. 40. RHYSOPTERUS Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 185, in part. 1900. Ryssosciadium Kuntze in Post & Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan. 493. 1903. Low, subprostrate, herbaceous, acaulescent but with a slender pseudoscape, glabrous perennials, from long simple taproots. Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous, ternate-subpinnate, the segments ovate, obtuse, confluent and giving the appearance of a lobed leaflet. Petioles scarious-winged, sheathing. Inflorescence of subcompact compound umbels; peduncles ter- minal, spreading, shorter to slightly longer than the leaves. Involucre wanting. Involucel of conspicuous, dimidiate, foliaceous bractlets longer than the pedicels. Rays few, stout, spread- ing and reflexed, subequal. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narr ower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth conspicuous, ovate, scarious-margined; styles very short, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore wanting. Fruit ovoid to orbicular, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs conspicuous, obtuse, corky, with a similar accessory pair on the com- misural side of the laterals, producing a 7-ribbed mericarp, the ribs appearing somewhat crenulate-winged on the immature fruit; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure, solitary in the apex of each rib; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave. Type species, Rhysopterus plurijugus Coult. & Rose. 1. Rhysopterus plurijugus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 186. 1900. Cymoplerus plurijugus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 25. 1908. Plants, including the pseudoscape, 10-15 cm. high, the pseudoscape 4-13 cm. long; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-4 cm. long, 1.5—5 cm. broad, the ulti- Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 129 mate lobes 1-4 mm. long and about as broad, mucronulate; petioles 5-30 mm. long; rays several, stout, 5-14 mm. long; bractlets of the involucel ovate-oblong, acute, mucronulate, frequently scarious-margined; fruit ovoid to orbicular, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, sometimes purplish- tinged, the ribs equal. Type Loca.ity: “‘ Black serpentine dykes around a peak rising from Malheur Valley about 12 km. west of confluence of Cottonwood Creek and Malheur, near Harper Ranch, Oregon,” Leiberg 2240. DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Oregon (Peck 6448). ; I-LustRations: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 186 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 5; pl. 27, 41. APIUM L. Sp. Pl. 264. 1753. Celeri Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 498. 1763. Ciclospermum Lag. Amen. Nat. 101. 1821. Helosciadium Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 125. 1825. Apium § Cyclospermum DC. Prodr. 4: 105. 1830. Slender or stout, erect, ascending, or prostrate, herbaceous or somewhat woody at base, caulescent (in our species), usually branching, glabrous annuals, biennials, or perennials, from taproots or creeping rootstocks rooting at the nodes. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, sim- ply pinnate to ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets suborbicular to filiform. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose to subcompact, compound or rarely simple umbels; peduncles lateral and terminal, or some or all the umbels sessile. Involucre wanting to conspicuous. Involucel wanting to conspicuous. Rays usually rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading or ascending. Flowers white or greenish; petals ovate to suborbicular with a nar- rower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles short, spreading or divaricate, the stylopodium short-conic to depressed. Carpophore entire, bifid at the apex, or more or less deeply 2-cleft. Fruit oblong-oval to orbicular or ellipsoid, flattened laterally and somewhat constricted at the commissure, glabrous or rarely somewhat setulose; ribs filiform, subequal, obtuse, prominent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, A pium graveolens L. Plants annual; leaves pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound; leaflets fili- form to linear. 1. A. leptophyllum. Plants perennial or biennial; leaves 1—2-pinnate; leaflets orbicular to lanceolate. Terrestrial from a taproot; involucel wanting; calyx-teeth evident; carpo- phore shortly bifid. Plants erect or ascending; leaves pinnate; rays 0.7—2.5 cm. long; fruit 1.5 mm. long. 2. A. graveolens. Plants prostrate or decumbent; leaves usually bipinnate; rays 2-6 cm. long; fruit 2—2.5 mm. long. 3. A. australe. Aquatic or amphibious from a creeping rootstock; involucel conspicuous; calyx-teeth obsolete; carpophore entire. Involucre conspicuous; rays 5—6; fruit ellipsoid, subdidymous, broader than long. 4. A. repens. Involucre inconspicuous; rays 15-20; fruit oblong-oval, longer than broad. 5. A. nodiflorum. 1. Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell.; Benth. & Muell. Fl. Austr. 3: 372. 1866. Sison Ammi Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2:95. 1773. Not S. Ammi L. 1753. Sium nodiflorum Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Not S. nodiflorum L. 1753. Seseli Ammi Savi, Due Cent. 71. 1804. Pimpinella leptophylla Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 324. 1805. Aethusa leptophylla Nutt. Gen. 1: 190. 1818. Pimpinella domingensis Willd.; Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 411, assyn. 1820. Helosciadium leptophyllum DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Genéve 4: 493. 1829. Apium Ammi Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 341. 1879. A pium leptophyllon Maza, Noc. Bot. Sist. 74. 1893. Apium Ammi var. leptophyllum Chodat & Wilczek, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 2: 526. 1902. Helosciadium Ammi Britton, Fl. Bermuda 279. 1918. Cyclospermum leptophyllum Sprague, Jour. Bot. 61: 131. 1923. Apium Ammi var. genuinum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4°78): 54. 1927. Apium depressum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18:63. 1933. Plants terrestrial, annual, alternately branching above, 0.5-6 dm. high; leaves oblong- ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-10 cm. long, 3.5—8 cm. broad, 3—4-pinnately 130 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, decompound, the leaflets linear to filiform, 1.5-7 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles 2.5-11 em. long, the sheath white-scarious-margined; cauline leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets filiform, 4-35 mm. long; umbels simple or compound, sessile or pedunculate, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 3-5, 1-2.2 cm. long; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; carpophore shortly 2-cleft; fruit ovoid, 1.2-3 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad. TyPE Loca.iry: “Ins. St. Dominica,’’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: New York (on ballast), North Carolina, and Florida, west to California, Oregon (on ballast), Oklahoma, and Texas, south throughout Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies to South America (Curtiss 1034, Palmer 33,644, Pringle 3231). ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 2: pl. 200; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1860; Mart. FI. Bras. 111: pl. 91, f. 1; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 117 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 534; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 175; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 86 (fr.); Britton, Fl. Bermuda 279. 2 2. Apium graveolens L. Sp. Pl. 264. 1753. Seseli graveolens Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.1: 215. 1772. Sium A pium Roth, Fl. Germ. 1: 128. 1788. Sium graveolens Vest, Man. Bot. 517. 1805. A pium vulgare Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 344. 1900. Selinum graveolens E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 38. 1904. Celeri graveolens Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 660. 1913. Carum graveolens K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. IT. 29: 199. 1916. Plants terrestrial, perennial, the stems erect or ascending, about 5-15 dm. high, from a taproot, not rooting at the nodes; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-18 cm. long, 3.5-8 cm. broad, pinnate with few pairs of ovate to suborbicular leaflets, 2-4.5 em. long, 2-5 cm. broad, usually 3-lobed to near the middle; petioles 3-26 cm. long; cauline leaves frequently cuneate, sometimes laciniate; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, the peduncles up to 1.2 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 7-16, 0.7—2.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-6 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute but evident; carpophore shortly bifid; fruit sub- orbicular to ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long, 1.5—-2 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In Europae humectis praesertim maritimis,”’ collector unknown. , DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; adventive throughout the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1854; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 397; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 124 (fr.); Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 394, 395; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 533; ed. 2. 2: 660; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 216; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 647. 3. Apium australe Thouars, Esq. Tristan d’Acugna 43. 1804.* A pium prostratum Labill. Voy. Pérouse 1: 141. 1799 (nomen nudum); Nov. Holl. Pl. 1:76. 1804. Petroselinum prostratum DC. Prodr. 4: 102. 1830. Helosciadium prostratum Bunge in Lehm. PI. Preiss. 1: 295. 1845. Helosciadium australe Bunge in Lehm. Pl. Preiss. 1: 294. 1845. A pium antarcticum Banks & Sol.; Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 2: 287, assyn. 1846. Apium Maclovianum Gand. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 59: 709. 1913. Selinum chrysostomiale E. H. L,. Krause, Beih. Bot. Centr. 322: 346. 1914. Plants terrestrial, biennial or perennial, from a taproot, the stems prostrate or decumbent to suberect, 1.5-7 dm. long, sometimes rooting at the nodes; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—25 em. long, 2-4.5 cm. broad, usually bipinnate with few pairs of ovate primary leaflets, the ultimate divisions usually 3-lobed or toothed; petioles 2-6 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; umbels sessile or very short-pedunculate; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 5-15, 2-6 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute but evident; carpophore shortly bifid; fruit suborbicular, 2-2.5 mm. long, the ribs prominent, broader than the intervals. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably Tristan da Cunha, collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: South America, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand; adventive at Torrey Pines, San Diego County, California. ILLUSTRATIONS: Vent. Jard. Malm. pl. 81; Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. pl. 103; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: pl. 91, f. 2 (fr.). * Pagination is that of Mél. Bot. 5. 1811. Parr 1, 1944] : UMBELLIFERAE 131 4. Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. Amen. Nat. 101. 1821. Sium repens Jacq. Fl. Austr. 3: 34. 1775. Helosciadium repens Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 126. 1825. Helodium repens Dumort. Fl. Belg. 77. _ 1827. Helosciadium nodiflorum var. repens F. Schultz, Arch. Fl. Eur. 25. 1874. A piwm nodiflorum var. repens Bab. Man. ed. 8. 157, in part. 1881. Selinum repens E. H. L.. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:35. 1904. Plants aquatic or amphibious, perennial, the stems slender and prostrate, rooting at all the nodes, from a horizontal, creeping rootstock; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-6 cm. long, pinnate with 3-5 pairs of leaflets, the leaflets rather remote, suborbicular to ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 4-10 mm. broad, crenate-serrate, the terminal 3-parted or 3-lobed; petioles about 3 dm. long; umbels always pedunculate, the peduncles 3-15 em. long, shorter than the leaves; involucre of 3-7 lanceolate or oblong, unequal, reflexed, deciduous bracts, 5-10 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; involucel of 6-8 bractlets like the bracts, shorter than the pedicels; rays 5-6, unequal, about 4 cm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; carpophore entire; fruit subdidymous, ellipsoid, 1—-1.25 mm. long, 1.2—1.5 mm. broad. Type Locatity: Austria—‘‘in pratis udis, nec in fossis aut rivulis viciniis ipsis, sed semper extra aquam,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Central and western Europe to the Mediterranean region; introduced on ballast at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacq. Fl. Austr. pl. 260; Johnson & Sowerby, Brit. Wild Fl. f. 520; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1855; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 213; Heukels, Fl. Nederl. 2: 429; Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 42: Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2430 a-h, 2431, pl. 196, f. 1, 1a. 5. Apium nodiflorum (I,.) Lag. Amen. Nat. 101. 1821. Sium nodiflorum L. Sp. Pl. 251. 1753. Cicuta nodiflora Crantz, Class. Umbell. 97. 1767. Seseli nodiflorum Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 213. 1772. Sison nodiflorum Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 423. 1804. Pimpinella nodiflora Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 149. 1812. Helosciadium nodiflorum Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 126. 1825, Helodium nodiflorum Dumort. Fl. Belg. 77. 1827. Selinum nodiflorum EK. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 34. 1904. Plants aquatic or amphibious, perennial, the stems creeping to ascending or erect, 1.5—10 dm. high or long, from a creeping rhizome and rooting at the lower nodes; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles up to 3 dm. long, pinnate with 3-9 pairs of leaflets, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, about 6 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, usually crenate-margined, the terminal 3-lobed; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate; involucre of 2 or 3 bracts, or wanting; involucel of 5-8 conspicuous, triangular-lanceolate bractlets, equaling or exceeding the pedicels; rays 15-20, unequal, about 3 cm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; carpophore entire; fruit broadly oval or oblong-oval, 1-2 mm. long. Type Loca.ity: “In Europa ad ripas fluviorum,”’ collector unknown. DisTRIBUTION: Central Europe to northern Africa; introduced on ballast in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and South Carolina. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1856; Benth. Handb, Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 398; Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 394: G. Post, Fl. Syria 344; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2278; Coste, FI. Vr. 2: 213; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2429. 42. PETROSELINUM Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. xxv, 78. 1814. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately or pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions ovate to linear, toothed or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose com- pound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of a few inconspicuous bracts, or wanting. Involucel of several linear bractlets shorter than the flowers. Rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels numerous, spreading. Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base or to the middle. Fruit ovoid to oblong, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent, filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, A piwm Petroselinum 1. (Petroselinwm crispum Mansfeld). 132 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 1. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Mansfeld, Repert. Sp. Nov. 46: 307. 1939. Apium Petroselinum L. Sp. Pl. 264. 1753. A pium crispum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Apium No. 2. 1768. Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 163. 1814. (Nomen nudum.) Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 177. 1814. (Nomen nudum.) Petroselinum vulgare Lag. Amen. Nat. 103. 1821. Carum Petroselinum Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 891. 1867. Petroselinum Petroselinum Karst. Deuts. Fl. 831. 1882. Selinum Petroselinum E. H. l,. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 41. 1904. Plants 3-13 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, the ultimate divisions ovate- lanceolate to linear, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. broad, distinct, petiolulate, toothed or lobed; petioles 1-2 dm. long; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; involucre of a few inconspicuous, entire bracts or wanting; involucel of 5—6 linear, acute, entire bractlets shorter than the flowers; rays 10-20, subequal to unequal, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, 2-4 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘In Sardinia juxta seaturigines,”’ collector unknown. DisTRIBUTION: Central and northern Europe; adventive in Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 118 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 642; L. H. Bailey, St. Cycl. Hort. 2476; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2433, 2434, pl. 196, f. Bs 2c. 43. PIMPINELLA L,. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Slender or low, erect, herbaceous or woody at the base, caulescent, branching, glabrous to hirsute perennials (or occasionally biennials or annuals), from slender taproots. Leaves simple or ternately or pinnately compound or dissected, the divisions various; cauline leaves often heteromorphic, dissected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of small bractlets or wanting. Rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white (or sometimes tinged with other colors); petals broad with a narrower inflexed apex, glabrous to hirsute, the outer often radiant; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles slender, the stylopodium conic or low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the middle or to the base. Fruit oblong to orbicular, “narrowed at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, somewhat flattened laterally, glabrous to pubescent; ribs equal, filiform to very narrowly winged; oil-tubes several in the intervals, or forming a circle around the seed; seed pentagonal or terete in cross section, the face more or less concave. Type species, Pimpinella Saxifraga 1. Perennial; basal leaves pinnate; outer petals somewhat radiant; fruit glabrous. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the ribs evident. 1. P. major. Fruit orbicular to oval, 2-2.5 mm. long, the ribs obscure. Plants glabrous, puberulent, or subvillous. 2. P. Saxifraga. 5 Plants hirsute. 2a. P. Saxifraga subsp. nigra. Annual; basal leaves simple; petals equal; fruit puberulent. 3. P. Anisum. 1. Pimpinella major (I,.) Huds. Fl. Angl. 110. 1762. Pimpinella Saxifraga var. major 1. wa Pl. 264. 1753. Pimpinella magna 1. Mant. 219. Tragoselinum majus Lam. FI. Fr. : Ts. 1778. Tragoselinum magnum Moench, Meth. 99. 1794. Carum magnum Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 178. 1879. Selinum pimpinelloides E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:55. 1904. Perennial, glabrous to hirtellous, 3-10 dm. high; basal leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-20 cm. long, 4-15 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets 7-13, oval to oblong-lanceolate, 2-9 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, the terminal usually 3-cleft, all sharply serrate to incised; petioles 1-2 dm. long; cauline leaves reduced upwards with narrow sheaths; involucre wanting; involucel wanting, or of a few deciduous bractlets; rays 8-20, subequal, 3-4 cm. long; pedicels up to 5 mm. long; marginal petals somewhat radiant, white, rose, or purple; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit ovoid-oblong, 2.5—3.5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, glabrous, Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 133 the ribs filiform but evident; oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face nearly plane. Type Locaity: ‘‘In Europa australiore,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; adventive in Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1868; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 4/1; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2284; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 206; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2451 a-c. 2. Pimpinella Saxifraga L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Tragoselinum Saxifragum Moench, Meth. 99. 1794. Selinum Pimpinella E. H. .. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:53. 1904. Apium Saxifragum Calest. Webbia 1: 178. 1905. Perennial, glabrous to puberulent or subvillous, 1.5-6 dm. high; basal leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5—-12 cm. long, 2—7 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets 6—20, ovate to orbicular, 1-3 cm. long, sharply serrate, incised, or pinnately decompound; petioles 1.5—4 cm. long; cauline leaves reduced with smaller, linear-lanceolate divisions, the uppermost leaves reduced to narrow sheaths; peduncles 2-8 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a few bracts; involucel wanting, or of a few bractlets; rays 7-20, 2-4 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; calyx- teeth obsolete; marginal petals often radiant; carpophore 2-cleft to the base; fruit oval to orbicular, 2—2.5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, glabrous, compressed laterally, the ribs filiform and somewhat obscure; oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In Europae pascuis siccis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; adventive from New Brunswick to Pennsylvania and Ohio. ILLustTRations: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1869; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 410; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 526; ed. 2. 2: 655; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 206. 2a. Pimpinella Saxifraga subsp. nigra (Mill.) Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 2: 440. 1828. Pimpinella nigra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Pimpinella, no. 4. 1768. Carum nigrum Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 178. 1879. (Hyponym.) Selinum Pimpinella nigra E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:55. 1904. Similar to the species but hirsute. TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably France, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; adventive on the San Juan Islands, Washington. ILLUSTRATIONS: Berg. & Schmidt, Offiz. Gewachse pl. 1b; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ, 21: pl. 1869; Syreishchikovy, Ill. Fl. Mosk. Gub. 2: 403. 3. Pimpinella Anisum L. Sp. Pl. 264. 1753. Apium Anisum Crantz, Class. Umbell. 101. 1767. Anisum vulgare Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 102. 1788. Anisum officinarum Moench, Meth. 100. 1794. Sison Anisum Spreng. Ges. Natur. Freunde Berlin Mag. 6: 260. 1814. Tragium Anisum Link, Enum. 1: 285. 1821. Carum Anisum Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 119, 178. 1879. Pimpinele anisa St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 131. 1880. Selinum Anisum E. H. L.. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:56. 1904. Anrual, puberulent to pubescent, 15-75 cm. high; basal leaves ovate or cordate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 cm. long, simple, serrate to incised; petioles exceeding the blades; lower cauline leaves 3-lobed or ternate, the upper ternately or pinnately divided, the uppermost with linear divisions; involucre wanting, or of a solitary bract; involucel wanting, or of a few filiform bractlets; rays 7-20, up to 4 cm. long; pedicels much exceeding the fruit; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals equal; carpophore 2-cleft nearly to the middle; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad. puberulent, compressed laterally, the ribs about equally prominent, unwinged; oil-tubes 4-8 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘In Aegypto,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Region; adventive in Massachusetts; Yucatan, ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1865; Karst. Fl. Deuts. 3: pl. 371; E. & P. Nat. Pfi. 38: 175 (fr.); Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2456. 134 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 44. CARUM L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Karos Nieuwl. & Lunell; Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 485. 1916. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials or perennials, from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions narrow to filiform, entire or toothed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of a few filiform bracts or wanting. In- volucel of bractlets like the bracts, or wanting. Rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels ascending, unequal. Flowers white (or rarely rose-tinged); petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong to oblong-oval, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, prominent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Carum Carvi L. ~I on i>) 1. Carum Carvi L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1 Ligusticum Carvi Roth, Fl, Germ. 1: 124. 1788. Pimpinella Carvi Jessen, Deuts. Exc.-Fl. 191. 1879. Carvi Careum Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 352. 1900. Selinum Carvi E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 47. 1904. Carum Carvi f. rhodochranthum A. H. Moore, Rhodora 11: 178. 1909. Karos Carvi Nieuwl. & Lunell; Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 485. 1916. Biennial, 3-10 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, 3-8 cm. broad, pinnately dissected, the leaflets ovate, 2-3 em. long, 1-3 em. broad, distinct, laciniately cleft into linear, entire or dentate lobes; petioles 5-8 em. long; cauline leaves with broadly dilated petioles; peduncles 4-12 cm. long; involucre of 1-3 filiform bracts, 5-10 mm. long, or wanting; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts, 2-3 mm. long, or wanting; rays 7-14, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels ascending, 3-13 mm. long; flowers white or rarely rose-colored; fruit oblong-oval, 3-4 mm. long, 22.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs prominent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In Europae borealis pratis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced from Europe: Newfoundland and Quebec to Virginia, west to British Columbia and Washington (Kirkwood 1769, Muenscher & Maguire 2437). I_LustRations: Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 397; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 209; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 535; ed. 2. 2: 659; Canad. Dep. Agr. Exp. Farms Bull. IT. 23: 25. 45. AEGOPODIUM L,. Sp. Pl. 265. 1753. Podagraria Hill, Brit. Herb. 405. 1756. Stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, from creeping root- stocks. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately or ternate-pinnately compound, the leaflets large, mucronate-dentate, serrate, or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; the peduncles terminal and lateral, exceeding the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel usually wanting. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white or reddish-tinged; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles slender, reflexed, the stylopodium thick, conic. Carpo- phore somewhat bifurcate. Fruit oblong-ovoid, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, inconspicuous; oil-tubes obscure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Aegopodium Podagraria L.. . 1. Aegopodium Podagraria L,. Sp. Pl. 265. 1753. Ligusticum Podagraria Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 84. 1767. Seseli Aegopodium Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.1: 215. 1772. Sium Podagraria Weber; Wiggers, Prim. Fl. Holsat. 24. 1780. Podagraria Aegopodium Moench, Meth. 90. 1794. Sison Podagraria Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 35. 1813. Pimpinella Podagraria Lestib. f. Bot. Belg. 2: 269. 1827. Carum Podagraria Roth, Enum. Pl. Germ. 1: 946. 1827. Apium Podagraria Caruel in Parl. FI. Ital. 8: 467. 1889. Selinum Podagraria E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:57. 1904. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 135 Erect, alternately branching above, 4.5—9 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-20 cm. long. 3-30 cm. broad, the leaflets 2.5-8 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, acute to acuminate at the apex, rounded, caudate, or decurrent at the base, sessile to short-petiolulate, the margins sharply mucronate-dentate; petioles 3-6 dm. long, slightly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves reduced upwards, usually ternate, subsessile with conspicuous sheaths; peduncles terminal, 5-30 em. long, exceeding the leaves; rays 15-25, ascending, subequal, 1.5—7 cm. long; pedicels 1-7 mm. long; fruit oblong-ovoid, rounded at the apex and base, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs filiform, inconspicuous. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘In Europa ad sepes inque pomariis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; introduced in waste places: Quebec, eastern Massachusetts, south to central Pennsylvania and New Jersey. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1861; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 539; ed. 2. 2: 654; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 209; L. H. Bailey, St. Cycl. Hort. 223. 46. BUPLEURUM L. Sp. Pl. 236. 1753. Agrostana Hill, Veg. Syst. 5:32. 1763. Tenorea Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 32. 1813. Odontiles Spreng. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Mag. 6: 258. 1814. Buprestis Spreng. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Mag. 6: 258. 1814. Diaphyllum Hottm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2. 115. 1816. Isophyllum Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2. 115. 1816. Agostana Stuart; S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 526. 1821. Diatropa Dumort. Fl. Belg. 76. 1827. Trachypleurum Reichenb. Consp. 143. 1828. Orimaria Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Perfolisa Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. Tepso Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. Perfoliata Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon II. 16: 390. 1868. Odontea Fourr. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon II. 16: 391. 1868. Low or slender, erect or spreading, herbaceous or woody at the base, caulescent or rarely acaulescent, alternately or dichotomously branching, glabrous and often glaucous annuals, per- ennials, or rarely biennials, from woody or fibrous taproots. Basal leaves petiolate, membra- naceous, entire, with usually parallel venation; cauline leaves usually sessile, and clasping, auric- ulate, or perfoliate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of conspicuous foliaceous bracts, or wanting. Involucel of broad, foliaceous, often connate, rarely colored bractlets, sometimes longer than the flowers and fruit. Rays few, spreading-ascending to divaricate. Pedicels spreading. Flowers yellow, sometimes greenish- or purplish-tinged; petals oblong to orbicular with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong to orbicular or ellipsoid, slightly flattened laterally and constricted at the commissure, glabrous or roughened or tuberculate; ribs filiform; oil-tubes numerous and con- tinuous about the seed cavity, or several in the intervals and on the commissure, or obscure or wanting; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Bupleurum rotundifolium LL. Perennial; bractlets shorter than the flowers and fruit; oil-tubes continuous about the seed and one in each rib. 1. B. americanum. Annual; bractlets longer than the flowers and fruit; oil-tubes obscure or wanting. Involucre present, vitreo-fenestrate; cauline leaves not perfoliate. 2. B. Fontanesii. Involucre wanting; cauline leaves perfoliate. Rays 4-10; fruit oblong-oval, smooth. 3. B. rotundifolium. Rays 2-5; fruit ovoid-globose, tuberculate or rugose. 4. B. subovatum. 1. Bupleurum americanum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 115. 1888. Sie angulosum sensu Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1:383, in part. 1826. Not B. angulosum L. 1753. Bupleurum angulosum sensu H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 124. 1832. Not B. angulosum L. 1753. Bupleurum ranunculoides sensu Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 263. 1832. Not B. ranunculoides L. 1753. ? Bupleurum ranunculoides var. arcticum Regel in Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. 97. 1858. ? Bupleurum ranunculoides var. triradiatum {. arcticum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 43 (4228): LUTE OVO! Bupleurum purpureum Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1: 89. 1905. 136 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Bugberen triradiatum var. ajanense K.-Pol. Acta Hort. Petrop. 30: 200, as to American plants. 915. ? Bupleurum triradiatum var. humilius Rupr.; K.-Pol. Acta Hort. Petrop. 30: 200. 1915. ? Bupleurum triradiatum var. arcticum K.-Pol. Acta Hort. Petrop. 30: 200. 1915. Perennial and often cespitose, 2-40 cm. high, green and glabrous throughout; leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, 2-16 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, acute, tapering at the base but sessile or nearly so, clustered at the base; cauline leaves few or none, lanceolate, more or less auriculate; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucre of 2-6 ovate to lanceolate, acute, foliaceous bracts, 5-15 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad; involucel of 6-8 oblanceolate to ovate, acute bractlets, 3-5 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, united at the base, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 4-14, spreading- ascending, unequal, 5-35 mm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers yellow or purplish; fruit oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, smooth, the ribs filiform, evident; oil-tubes numerous about the seed and | in each rib; seed-face plane. Type Locatity: Alaska, Lay & Collie. DISTRIBUTION: Yukon Territory and Alaska, south to northern Wyoming and Montana (Mexia 2258, Payson & Payson 2682, 3014). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 128; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 84 (fr.); Jour. Russe Bot. 1913: pl. 2; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35; Fedch. Fl. Asiat. Ross. 10: 20; Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1: 90. 2. Bupleurum Fontanesii Caruel in Parl. Fl. Ital. 8:417. 1889. Bupleurum Odontiltes . Sp. Pl. 237, in part. 1753. Bupleurum Odontites var. Fontanesii Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2254. 1899. Tepso Odontites Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. Annual, 3-8 dm. high, green and glabrous throughout; leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly linear, 20 cm. long, about 5 mm. broad, long-acuminate, narrowed at the base and petiolate, clustered at the base; cauline leaves numerous, like the basal, sessile but not perfoliate; peduncles slender; involucre of 5-6 lanceolate, acuminate bracts, vitreo-fenestrate or trans- lucent in age; involucel of 5-6 lanceolate bractlets, united at the base, two to three times as long as the flowers and fruit; rays 5—7, divaricate or rarely contracted, 20-30 mm. long; pedicels filiform, 2-5 times as long as the fruit; petals about 0.8 mm. long; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, about 1 mm. long, 0.5-0.7 mm. broad, smooth, the ribs filiform; seed-face concave. TyPE LOCALITY: Italy, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced from the Mediterranean region into Massachusetts and Oregon. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1885, f. 1-5; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2254; Engler, Pflanzenreich 43 (4228): 65. 3. Bupleurum rotundifolium L. Sp. Pl. 236, excl. var. 6B. 1753. Bupleurum perfoliatum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 405, in part. 1778. Bupleurum perfoliatum var. rotundifolium Desv. Jour. de Bot. Desv. 2: 315. 1809. Diatropa rotundifolia Dumort. Fl. Belg. 76. 1827. Perfolisa obtusifolia Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. Tenorea rotundifolia Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 360, 1900. Bupleurum rotundifolium f. typicum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 43 (4228): 42. 1910. Annual, 2-6 dm. high, glaucous and glabrous throughout; basal and lower cauline leaves oblong- to obovate-lanceolate, 3-8 em. long, 1.5—-5 em. broad, rounded at the apex, subpetiolate or perfoliate at the base; upper cauline leaves numerous, ovate, perfoliate; peduncles 2-7 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 5—6 broadly ovate to obovate, acuminate bractlets, 8-12 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, united at the base, two to three times as long as the flowers and fruit; rays 4-10, spreading-ascending, 5-15 mm. long; pedicels 10-12, equaling or shorter than the fruit; flowers yellow, the petals 0.5—0.8 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, dark purplish-brown, smooth, the ribs filiform; seed-face slightly concave. TypsE Locatity: ‘‘Inter Europae australis segetes,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced from the Mediterranean region; New York to North Carolina, west to South Dakota and Arkansas. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1880; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 77; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 203; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 529; ed. 2. 2: 639. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 137 4. Bupleurum subovatum Link; Spreng. Sp. Umbell. 19. 1818. Bupleurum rotundifolium var. B. L. Sp. Pl. 236. 1753. Bupleurum protractum Hoftmg. & Link, Fl. Port. 2: 387. 1820. Bupleurum rotundifolium var. subovatum Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. 265. 1899. Tenorea protracta Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 360. 1900. Trachypleurum subovatum Calest. Webbia 163. 1905. Annual, about 5 dm. high, glaucous and glabrous throughout; leaves linear to oblong- lanceolate, subpetiolate; cauline leaves numerous, broadly ovate, 5-20 cm. long, 1-10 cm. broad, acute to acuminate, perfoliate; peduncles 1-8 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 5-6 suborbicular to obovate-rotund, short-acuminate bractlets, 10-15 mm. long, united at the base or rarely to the middle, twice as long as the flowers and fruit; rays 2-5, divaricate, 5-20 mm. long; pedicels 10-20, slender, half as long as the fruit; petals about 1.25 mm. long; fruit ovoid-globose, 3-5 mm. long, about 3.5 mm. broad, black, tuberculate or rugose, the ribs promi- nent; seed-face plane. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat inter Europae australis segetes,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced from the Mediterranean region into Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1880; G. Post, Fl. Syria 340; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2244; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 203; Heukels, Fl. Nederl. 2: 439; Engler, Pflanzenreich 43 (4228): 45. DOUBTFUL SPECIES BUPLEURUM TUBEROSUM Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 82. 1894. Described from Mexico (?). The writers have been unable to obtain any information concerning the application of this name. Prob- ably not of this genus. BUPLEURUM RUPESTRE Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5: 353. 1808. (Nomen nudum.) 47. CONIUM L. Sp. Pl. 243. 1753. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials, the stems spotted, from stout taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions pinnately incised. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence a compound dichasium of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of numerous, inconspicu- ous, lanceolate bracts. Involucel of numerous bractlets like the bracts, shorter than the pedicels. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate or cuneate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles reflexed, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore entire. Fruit broadly ovoid, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs prominent, obtuse, undulate, crenate; oil-tubes very small and numerous, ir- regular; seed terete in cross section, the face deeply and narrowly sulcate. Type species, Conium maculatum 1. 1. Conium maculatum L. Sp. Pl. 243. 1753. Cicuta officinalis Crantz, Class. Umbell. 98. 1767. Coriandrum Cicuta Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 100. 1767. Conium Cicuta Neck. Delic. 142. 1768. Cicuta major Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 456. 1778. Coriandrum maculatum Roth, Fl. Germ. 1: 130. 788. Conium maculosum Pall. Reise Siidl. Statth. 1: 478. 1799. Sium Conium Vest, Man. Bot. 513. 1806. Selinum Conium E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2.12: 79. 1904. Plants 5-30 dm. high; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 dm. long, 5-30 cm. broad; petioles dilated; rays 15—25 mm. long, subequal; involucre of ovate- acuminate, short bracts; involucel of bractlets like the bracts, with a conspicuous midrib, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels 4-6 mm. long; fruit 2-2.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, the ribs very prominent in the dry fruit. Type Loca.ity: “In Europae cultis, agria, ruderatis,’”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Asia, North Africa; widely introduced throughout Canada, the United States, and Mexico. ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 446; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2032; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 133, 134; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 2, f. 23 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 532; ed. 2. 2: seh arate Deuts. ed. 2. 12: pl. 38; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 50; Madrofio 1: 125; Muensch. ois. Pl. f. 55. 138 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 48. AMMIL. Sp. Pl. 243. 1753. Visnaga Gaertn. Fruct. 92. 1788. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, essentially glabrous annuals, biennials, or perennials, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately or pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions filiform to lanceolate. Petioles sheathing. In- florescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of numerous entire or divided bracts. Involucel of numerous entire bractlets shorter or longer than the pedicels. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals ovate to obovate with a broad, shallowly bilobed, inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute; styles slender, more than twice as long as the depressed-conic stylopodium. Carpophore entire or 2-cleft to the base, flat. Fruit oblong to ovoid, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs acute; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Ammt majus L.. Inflorescence borne on a discoid receptacle; umbels compact in fruit; carpophore entire. . 1. A. Visnaga. Inflorescence not borne on a discoid receptacle; umbels spreading in fruit; carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. 2. A. majus. 1. Ammi Visnaga (L.) Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 462. 1778. Daucus Visnaga L. Sp. Pl. 242. 1753. Apium Visnaga Crantz, Class. Umbell. 104. 1767. Selinum Visnaga E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 44. 1904. Erect, branching biennial (?), 2-8 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—20 cm. long, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, setaceous to cuspidate-acute, divaricate, entire, 5-35 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles about 10 cm. long; cauline leaves ternately or pinnately dissected; peduncles 8-14 em. long; involucral bracts equaling or exceeding the rays; involucel of numerous setiform- acute, entire bractlets, ascending at maturity and equaling or exceeding the pedicels; rays 60-100, subfiliform, unequal, 2—5 cm. long, spreading in flower but rigidly contracted in fruit, borne on a discoid receptacle; pedicels numerous, filiform, unequal, 3-13 mm. long, spreading in flower but rigidly contracted in fruit, borne on a small discoid receptacle; carpophore entire; fruit oblong-ovoid to ovoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, 1.5-1.7 mm. broad. TypPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Habitat in Europa australi,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; sporadically introduced; Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Oregon, California, Bermuda, and Oaxaca. ILLUSTRATIONS: Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2271; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 210; Cadevall & Sallent, Fl. Catal. 3: 85. 2. Ammi majus L. Sp. Pl. 243. 1753. Apium Ammi Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 109. 1767. Apium Ammi-majus Crantz, Class. Umbell. 103. 1767. Selinum ammoides E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2, 12: 43. 1904. Carum majus K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 198. 1916. Erect, branching annual, 2-8 dm. high, the inflorescence scabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-20 cm. long, 5-14 cm. broad, ternate or pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, obtuse to acute at the apex, cuneate at the base and somewhat recurved on the rachis, 10-15 mm. long, 5-20 mm. broad, setulose-serrate with minute, subequal teeth; petioles 3-13 em. long; cauline leaves bipinnate with linear divisions, the uppermost greatly reduced; peduncles 8-14 cm. long; involucral bracts exceeding the rays; involucel of numerous linear- acuminate, scarious-margined bractlets, spreading to reflexed at maturity and slightly shorter than the pedicels; rays 50-60, subfiliform, 2-7 cm. long, spreading to ascending in flower, bug spreading in fruit, somewhat scabrous; pedicels numerous, filiform, unequal, 1-10 mm. lont, spreading to ascending; carpophore bifid to the base; fruit oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long, 1 mm. or less broad. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 139 Type Loca.ity: “In Europa australi,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; sporadically introduced; Newfoundland, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Oregon, California, Tamaulipas, Bermuda, and Martinique. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1864; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 210; Britton, Fl. Bermuda 277 49. FALCARIA Host. Fl. Austr 1:381. 1827;nomen conservandum. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials or perennials (rarely annuals). Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, entire or 1—2-ternate, the divisions cartilaginous- serrate or pinnatisect. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; pe- duncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of numerous, narrow, entire bracts, or wanting. Involucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays rather few, spreading or divaricate. Pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate to obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent; styles short, equaling the stylopodium; stylopodium low-conic with an obsoletely undulate margin. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs depressed, obtuse, broader than the intervals; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, usually 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane; strength- ening cells present. Type species, Siwm Falcarta L. | Falcaria sioides (Wibel) Asch.]. 1. Falcaria sioides (Wibel) Asch. Fl. Brand. 1: 241. 1860. Sium Falcaria L. Sp. Pl. 252. 1753. Seseli Falcaria Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3:95. 1767. Drepanophyllum sioides Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. 196. 1799. Prionitis falcata Delarbre, Fl. Auv. ed. 2. 421. 1800. Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erf. 176. 1800. Sium falcatum Dubois, Méth. 442. 1803. Bunium Falcaria Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 1: 211. 1808. Drepanophyllum Falcaria Desv. Fl. Anjou 248. 1827. Falcaria Rivini Host, Fl. Austr. 1: 381. 1827. Prionitis Falcaria Dumort. Fl. Belg. 77. 1827. Critamus Falcaria Reichenb. in Méssler, Handb. ed. 2. 478. 1827. Helosciadium Falcaria Hegetschw. Fl. Schw. 262. 1840. Carum Falcaria Lange in Wilk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 3:92. 1880. Falcaria Falcaria Karst. Deuts. Fl. 835. 1882. Selinum Falcaria E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 45. 1904. Ammi Falcaria Borner, Fl. Deuts. Volk. 1912. Plants 3-9 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—-3 dm. long, 1—2-ternate or pinnate, the leaflets linear-lanceolate or linear, 5—25 cm. long, 4-15 mm. broad, often falcate, finely serrate and callous-margined; petioles 1.5—3 dm. long; cauline leaves ternately or pinnately divided; peduncles 2—7 cm. long; involucre of 4—12 linear, acute, unequal, entire bracts 5-20 mm. long; bractlets of the involucel similar to the bracts, 3-10 mm. long; rays 10-20, 2-4.5 em. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; fruit linear-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad. Type Locauity: ‘‘In Flandria, Helvetia, Bohemia, Alsatia, Gallia,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; introduced in New York, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Costa Rica. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1862; Karst. Fl. Deuts. 2: 400 (fr.); Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2293; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 211; Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: pl. 7. 50. PERIDERIDIA Reichenb. Handb. 219. 1837. Eulophus Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 69. 1829. Not Eulophus R. Br. 1821. Alenia H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1838. Edosmia Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612. 1840. Podosciadium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 345. 1868. Taeniopleurum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 283. 1889. Carum of American authors, not Carum L. 1753. Slender or stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, from tuber- ous or fusiform fascicled roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately compound, the ultimate divisions ovate to linear. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, longer than the leaves. 140 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, Involucre of few to numerous narrow, more or less scarious, entire bracts. Involucel of usually scarious or colored bractlets, shorter or longer than the flowers. Rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white or pink; petals obovate or obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth conspicuous; styles short, erect or divaricate, or slender and recurved; stylopodium conic or low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit linear-oblong to orbicular, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, prominent to inconspicu- ous; oil-tubes 1-5 in the intervals, 2-8 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, loose in the pericarp or remaining firmly attached to it, the face plane or broadly concave, with or without a central longitudinal ridge. Type species, Eulophus americanus Nutt. (Perideridia americana Reichenb.). Styles short, usually less than 1 mm. long, stout, erect or divaricate; plants coarse from fascicles of numerous fibrous or slightly thickened roots. Leaves ternate-pinnately dissected; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5—25 mm. broad; seed becoming free from the pericarp. 1. P. Howellii. Leaves pinnately dissected; leaflets linear or lanceolate, 1-6 mm. broad; seed remaining attached to the pericarp. 2. P. Kelloggii. Styles elongate, filiform, reflexed; plants usually more slender from solitary tubers or fascicles of few tuberous roots. Fruit 3.5 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. broad; pedicels 8-15 mm. long; eastern United States. 8. P. americana. Fruit 2-8 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad; pedicels 2-10 mm. long; western United States. Basal leaves 1—2-pinnate or 1—2-ternate, the petioles and rachis not dilated, the ultimate divisions not dimorphic. Fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad; bractlets usually setaceous. 3. P. Gairdneri. Fruit oblong to ovoid, 2.5—3.5 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad; bractlets scarious or scarious-margined, often conspicuous. Fruit usually rounded at base and apex; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; Washington, Oregon, and northern California. 4. P. oregana. Fruit usually narrowed at base and apex; oil-tubes 2—4 in the inter- vals; central and southern California, Nevada, and Arizona. 5. P. Parishii. Basal leaves ternate- pinnately or pinnately decompound, the petioles and rachis dilated, the ultimate divisions usually dimorphic. Rays 10-20, 1-2. 5 em. long, forming small, compact umbels. 6. P. Bolanderi. Rays 5-12, 3-8 cm. long, forming large, loose umbels. Fruit 4-6 mm. long; oil-tubes several in the intervals. I . Pringlei. Fruit 6-8 mm. long; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. . californica em thy 1. Perideridia Howellii (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Carum Howellii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 129. 1888. Taeniopleurum Howellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 284. 1889. Ataenia Howellii Greene, Pittonia 1: 274. 1889. Stout, from a fascicle of fibrous or slightly thickened roots, 6-12 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 5-25 mm. broad, entire to serrate-lobed; petioles 6—25 cm. long; peduncles slender, 5—15.5 cm. long; involucre of several linear to linear-spatulate, acumi- nate or acute, scarious-margined, reflexed bracts, 10-20 mm. long; involucel of several bractlets like the bracts, 3-6 mm. long, often longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays usually 20-25, 3-6 cm. long; pedicels 4-8 mm. long; styles divergent, less than 0.5 mm. long; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong, 3-6 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. broad; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed sulcate under the tubes, the face plane to concave. TyPE LOCALITY: Wet places, Grants Pass, Josephine County, Oregon, Thomas Howell 710. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Oregon and northern California (Cusick 2957, Heller 11,678). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 102 (fr.); Madrofio 1: 129. 2. Perideridia Kelloggii (A. Gray) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Carum Kelloggii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1868. Ataenia Kelloggii Greene, Pittonia 1: 274, 1889. Stout, from a fascicle of fibrous or slightly thickened roots, 7-15 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-30 cm. long, 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the ultimate Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 141 divisions linear to lanceolate, entire, 3-12 cm. long, 1-6 mm. broad; petioles 4-7 cm. long, often sheathing throughout; peduncles slender, 5-18 cm. long; involucre of several linear to linear- lanceolate, more or less scarious, reflexed bracts, 5-15 mm. long; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, more or less scarious, eventually reflexed bractlets, 2-6 mm. long, often longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 10-20, 15-65 mm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; styles divergent, about 0.5 mm. long; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed sulcate under the tubes, the face plane to slightly concave with a commissural ridge. TyPE LocaLity: San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, Brewer 832. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of northern and central California (Heller 7535, Jones 29,049). ILLUSTRATION: Madrofio 1: 127. 3. Perideridia Gairdneri (H. & A.) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. ? Osmorhiza ? edulis Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 249. 1830. Atenia Gairdneri H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1838. Edosmia Gairdneri T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612. 1840. Edosmia montana Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612, as syn. 1840. Edosmia praealta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612, assyn. 1840. Carum Gairdneri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1868. Carum montanum Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1:91. 1905. Carum Garreitii A. Nelson; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 443. 1909. Alenia montana Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 67. 1913. Alenia Garrettii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 68. 1913. Carum erythrorhizum Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 100. 1916. Ataenia erythrorrhiza H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 172. 1927. Slender, from a solitary fusiform tuber or a small fascicle of tubers, 3-12 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. long, pinnate or occasionally bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear or rarely lanceolate, 2-15 cm. long, entire or rarely lobed or toothed; petioles 4-8 cm. long; peduncles slender, 2-12 cm. long; involucre wanting or of 1-several setaceous bracts; involucel of several linear, scarious or green bractlets, 1-4 mm. long, mostly shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays usually 8-20, 1.5-6 cm. long; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; styles slender, recurved, about 1 mm. long; stylopodium low; fruit orbicular to suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed terete in cross section. TYPE LOCALITY: California, Lay & Collie. DIsTRIBUTION: Alberta, South Dakota, and Montana to British Columbia and Washington, south to Arizona and New Mexico and through the Coast Ranges to Southern California (Heller & Heller 3422, Sandberg & Leiberg 414). ILLusTRATIONS: Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1: 92; Madrofio 1: 128; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 592. 4. Perideridia oregana (S. Wats.) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 243. 1936. Edosmia oregana Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612, as syn. 1840. Carum oreganum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 368. 1885. Alaenia oregana Greene, Pittonia 1: 274. 1889. Slender, from a fascicle of fusiform or ovoid tubers, 3-6 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to deltoid in general outline, 5—15 cm. long, 1—2-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to narrowly lanceolate, 15-65 mm. long, the terminal often elongate; petioles 3-9 cm. long; peduncles slender, 2.5—-14 cm. long; involucre of several linear to lanceolate, scarious bracts, 2-8 mm. long, or occasionally wanting; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, acumi- nate, scarious bractlets, 2-7 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers and fruit; rays 6-20, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm long; styles slender, recurved, 1—-1.5 mm. long; stylopodium low; fruit oblong-ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed sulcate under the tubes. A Bases LOCALITY: ‘‘ Wappatoo [Sauvies] Island,”’ at the mouth of the Willamette River, Oregon, ' ieee Western Washington and Oregon, south to northern California (Buller 1822, Cusick 2948). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 103 (fr.). 142 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 5. Perideridia Parishii (Coult. & Rose) Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz Ol 3a Gio: Carum Gairdnervi var. latifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1868. Pimpinella Parishii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 157. 1887. Eulophus Parishiit Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 112. 1888. Eulophus Pringlei var. simplex Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 113. 1888. Eulophus Parishii var. Rusbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 281. 1889. Carum Lemmoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 283. 1889. Eulophus simplex Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 112. 1900. Perideridia simplex Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 61: 33. 1916. Conopodium Parishit K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 205. 1916. Conopodium simplex K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 205. 1916. Perideridia Pringlei var. simplex House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234: 68. 1921. Perideridia Rusbyi House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 233-234: 68. 1921. Ataenia Lemmonii H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 172. 1927. Eulophus Parishii var. typicus H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 334. 1927. Slender, from a solitary tuber or a fascicle of fusiform or ovoid tubers, 2-8 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, ternate, or sometimes simple or biternate, the leaflets linear to lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, the terminal often elongate and more or less distant; petioles 3-7 cm. long; peduncles slender, 6-15 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of an occasional minute bract; involucel of several linear to obovate, scarious or colored bractlets, 2-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 8-15, usually unequal, 1-4 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; styles slender, recurved, 1-2 mm. long; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong to ovoid, 2.5—3.5 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad; oil-tubes 2—4 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure. Typp LocaLity: Damp meadows, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California, Parish 987 (part). DistTRIBUTION: Nevada to California, south to Arizona and through the Sierra Nevada to south- ern California (Heller 11,649, Parish 3171). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 73; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 124. 6. Perideridia Bolanderi (A. Gray) Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 61: 33. 1916. Podosciadium Bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 346. 1868. Eulophus Bolanderi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 112. 1888. Cono podium Bolanderi K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 205. 1916. Eulophus Bolanderi var. benignus Jepson, Madrofio 1: 130. 1923. Eulophus cuspidatus Jepson, Madrofio 1: 133. 1923. Slender, from a fascicle of fusiform tubers, 2.5-8 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 em. long, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions oblong to filiform, 5~30 mm. long, the terminal often elongate, 5-8 cm. long, the lateral usually lobed and toothed, the petioles and rachises somewhat inflated; petioles 2-8 cm. long; peduncles slender, 6-14 cm. long; involucre of 1-several narrowly lanceolate to linear, scarious bracts, 5-12 mm. long; involucel of several narrowly lanceolate to obovate, acuminate, scarious bractlets, 3-6 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers and fruit; rays 10-20, 1-2.5 cm. long; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; styles slender, recurved, 1-2 mm. long; stylopodium low; fruit oblong, 3-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad; oil-tubes 2-5 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally. TYPE LOCALITY: Mariposa Trail, Yosemite, Sierra Nevada, California, Bolander. DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming and Idaho to northwestern Utah and eastern Oregon, south in the Sierra Nevada to central California (Baker 1366, Heller 11,572, Purpus 5293). ILLUSTRATION: Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild. Fl. 337 7. Perideridia Pringlei (Coult. & Rose) Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 61:33. 1916. Eulophus Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 113. 1888. Conopodium Pringlei K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. II. 29: 205. 1916. Slender, from a cluster of more or less elongated fusiform tubers, 3-6 dm. high; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—10 cm. long, pinnately dissected, ie Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 143 the ultimate divisions narrowly linear, 2-80 mm. long, the petioles and rachises broadly inflated; petioles 4-9 cm. long; peduncles slender, 3-10 cm. long; involucre of I-several small lanceolate bracts, or wanting; involucel of several narrowly subulate, scarious bractlets, 2-4 mm. long; rays 5-8, 3-8 em. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; styles slender, recurved, about 1 mm. long; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong, 4-6 mm. long, about 2-3 mm. broad; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 8 on the commissure. TYPE Loca.ity: California, Pringle 40. DistTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges and Tehachapi Mountains of central California to southern Cali- fornia (Elmer 3850, Jones 3230). 8. Perideridia americana (Nutt.) Reichenb.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 304. 1841. Eulophus americanus Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 69. 1829. Conopodium americanum K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. IT. 29: 205. 1916. Slender, from a fascicle of tuberous roots, 7-12 dm. high; leaves oblong-lanceolate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, 4-10 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately or pinnately compound, the ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire, acute, 5-50 mm. long; petioles 5—9 em. long, sheathing throughout; upper cauline leaves with elongate divisions, the uppermost reduced, simple or little divided; peduncles slender, 5—15 cm. long; involucre of I-several bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear-acuminate bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the pedicels; rays 6-14, slender, spreading-ascending, 3-9 cm. long; pedicels spreading, 8-15 mm. long; styles about 1 mm. long, recurved; stylopodium depressed-conic; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2.5—-4 mm. broad, the ribs evident, filiform; oil-tubes 3 in the in- tervals, 4 on the commissure; seed slightly concave or plane under the tubes, the face slightly concave. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ La territoire de l'Arkansa,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Ohio to Tennessee, west to Kansas and Arkansas (Bush 213, Palmer 2107). ILLUSTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 69. pl. 2, f.M (fr.); Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 9, f. 75 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 528; ed. 2. 2: 654; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 111 (fr.). 9. Perideridia californica (Torr.) Nelson & Macbr. Bot. Gaz. 61:33. 1916. Chaerophyllum ? californicum Torr. Pacif. R-R. Rep. 4!: 93. 1857. Podosciadium californicum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 346. 1868. Eulophus californicus Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 114. 1888. Conopodium californicum K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. IT. 29: 205. 1916. Eulophus californicus var. sanclorus Jepson, Madrofio 1: 130. 1923. Slender, from a fascicle of fusiform tubers, 5-10 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15—25 cm. long, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions usually dimorphic, the terminal linear, elongate, entire, 3-8 cm. long, the lateral linear to ovate, entire to pinnatifid, 5-30 mm. long, the rachises and petioles often slightly inflated; petioles 2-5 cm. long, often sheathing throughout; peduncles slender, 4-20 cm. long; involucre of several linear- lanceolate, acuminate bracts, 3-12 mm. long; involucel of several lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious or colored bractlets, 1-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 5-10, 3-6 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; styles slender, recurved, about 1 mm. long; stylopodium low; fruit oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave and with a prominent central ridge. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Wet ravines, Knights Ferry,’’ Stanislaus County, California, Bigelow. DISTRIBUTION: Central California (Elmer 4344, Constance & Morrison 2595). ILLUSTRATION: Madrofio 1: 130. 51. LIGUSTICUM L. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. Cynapium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 640. 1840. Stout or slender, erect, scapose to caulescent, simple or branching, glabrous or somewhat puberulent perennials, from fibrous root-crowns surmounting taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, ternate or ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets few 144 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 288, to many, linear to obovate or cuneate, entire to pinnately lobed and incised. Petioles sheath- ing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, or only termi- nal. Involucre wanting, or of inconspicuous deciduous bracts. Involucel wanting, or of several linear or filiform bractlets shorter than the flowers. Rays few to numerous, spreading- ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers white or pinkish; petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute to evident; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid to oblong, slightly flattened laterally, or apparently subterete, glabrous; ribs prominent to narrowly thin-winged; oil-tubes small, 1-6 in the intervals, 2-10 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally or sub- terete in cross section, usually channeled under the intervals, the face plane to deeply concave, with or without a central longitudinal ridge. Type species, Ligusticum scothicum L. Leaves 2—4-ternately compound, the leaflets 1-8 cm. broad, usually crenate or serrate; eastern North America and Alaska. Stems sparsely branched above; plants 1-6 dm. high; leaves biternate; fruit oblong, 6-8 mm. long. Leaflets ovate, mostly acute at the apex, 4-12 cm. long; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals; seed-face plane beneath the commissural tubes. 1. L. scothicum. Leaflets obovate, rounded at the apex, 2—5 cm. long; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; seed-face channeled beneath the commissural tubes. 2 Stems much branched above; plants 6-18 dm. high; leaves 3—-4-ternate; fruit ovoid, 4-5 mm. long. 3. L. canadense. Leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets 0.5—5 cm. broad, usually pinnately lobed or incised; western North America. Leaflets large and broad, 3-8 cm. long, 2—5 cm. broad, serrate, toothed or somewhat lobed. 4. L. verticillatum. Leaflets small, 0.3—5 em. long, 0.1-4 cm. broad, pinnately dissected. Plants slender; leaflets linear, 1-3 mm. broad. Plants caulescent; pedicels 8-12 mm. long; fruit 5-7 mm. long. 8. L. filicinum. Plants subscapose; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit 3-5 mm. long. 8a. L. filicinum var. lenuifolium, L. Hultenii. Plants stouter; leaflets ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 5-40 mm. broad. Plants glabrous, 2-6 dm. high, scapose or with 1 or 2 much reduced cauline leaves. 7. L. Grayi. Plants glabrous or pubescent, 3-15 dm. high, with well developed cauline leaves. Ribs of the fruit narrowly winged. Fruit oblong, 5-8 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad; Rocky Moun- tain region to Mexico. Leaflets ovate, 2.5—-5 cm. long. 5. L. Porteri. Leaflets ovate or oblong, 0.5—0.7 cm. long. Sa. L. Porteri var. brevilobum. Fruit oval or oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; Pacific Coast. Leaflets ovate, irregularly cleft into few, linear-oblong divisions; cauline sheaths narrow; seed-faceconcave. 10. L. californicum. Leaflets lanceolate, very regularly cleft into numerous, linear divisions; cauline sheaths dilated; seed-face plane. 6. L. Canbyi. Ribs of the fruit unwinged. 9. L. apiifolium. 1. Ligusticum scothicum IL, Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. Angelica scotica Lam. Encye. 1: 173. 1783. Ligusticum boreale Salisb. Prodr. 164. 1796. Ligusticum biternatum Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 2:94. 1812. ; Apium ternatum Willd. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 431. 1820. Not A. ternatum Siebold, 1830, nor Pall.; Steud. 1840. Petroselinum ternatum Mutel, Fl. Fr. 2: 402. 1835. Haloscias scoticum Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 180. 1845. Meum scoticum Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 191. 1879. Slender, caulescent, sparingly branched, 3-6 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-25 cm. long, 8-20 cm. broad, 2-ternate, the leaflets ovate to cuneate, usually acute at the apex, distinct, sessile, 4-12 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, coarsely serrate and occasionally incised; petioles 10-25 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; peduncles alternate, 4-17 cm. long; involucre of 3-6 linear bracts, 5-15 mm. long; involucel of more numerous but similar bractlets, 3-10 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 10-20, stout, spreading-ascending, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels slender, spreading-ascend- Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 145 ing, 5-10 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; flowers white or pinkish; fruit oblong, 6-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 2-3 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type Locatity: “Ad litora Maris in Anglia, Suecia,”’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Greenland, Newfoundland, and Labrador, south to Massachusetts and Connecti- cut (Fernald, Long & St. John 7863, St. John 1290). ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 423; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 3, f. 27; Britt. & Brown, Til. Fl. 2: 519; ed. 2, 2: 648. 2. Ligusticum Hultenii Fernald, Rhodora 32:7. 1930. Slender, caulescent, sparingly branched, 1-6 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves orbicu- lar or elliptic in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, 6-14 cm. broad, 2-ternate, the leaflets obovate, obtuse at the apex, often cuneate at the base, distinct, sessile, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, crenate to coarsely serrate and occasionally incised; petioles 6-20 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, more coarsely toothed; peduncles alternate, 8-20 cm. long; involucre of 2—4 linear to lanceolate bracts, 5-12 mm. long; involucel of more numerous but similar bractlets, 3-9 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 9-16, stout, spreading- ascending, 1.5—3 cm. long; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, 4-8 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; flowers white or pinkish; fruit oblong, 7-8 (10?) mm. long, 2.5—-3 mm. broad, nearly terete, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes apparently solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the com- missure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, channeled under the tubes, the face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: Nazan Bay, Atka, Alaska, Van Dyke 238. DISTRIBUTION: Coast of Alaska and British Columbia (Funston 70, Johnston & Palmer 8). ILLUSTRATIONS: Rhodora 32: pl. 194; Sharples, Alaska Wild. Fl. 71. 3. Ligusticum canadense (I,.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 240. 1894. Ferula canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 247. 1753. ? Angelica lobata Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Ligusticum actaeifolium of authors, not L. actaeifolium Michx. 1803. Stout, caulescent, freely branched, 6-18 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflorescence slightly puberulent; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 18-24 cm. long, 16-28 cm. broad, 3—-4-ternate or 3—4-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to oblong or narrowly lanceolate, acute at the apex, usually distinct, petiolulate or sessile, 3-13 cm. long, 1-4 em. broad, entire to coarsely serrate; petioles 15-25 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; peduncles alternate and verticillate, slender, 3-10 cm. long; involucre usually wanting; in- volucel of 2-5 linear or oblong bractlets, 3-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 6-14, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1.5-3 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 3-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; flowers white; fruit ovoid, 4-7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6 on the com- missure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia, Clayton. DISTRIBUTION: Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to Missouri and Arkansas (Biltmore Herb. 5549, Palmer 6241). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 129 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2, 2: 647. 4. Ligusticum verticillatum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 33320: 1895: Angelica ? verticillata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 233. 1847. Stout, caulescent, freely branched, 6-12 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflorescence puberulent or roughened; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles about 5 dm. long, 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to oblong, acute at the apex, distinct, 3-8 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, serrate to somewhat lobed; cauline leaves like the basal; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 1.5-4 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1-several linear, deciduous bracts; in- volucel of several linear bractlets, 3-5 mm. long; rays 25-30, ascending, unequal, 4-7 cm. long; pedicels ascending, 5-11 mm. long; flowers white; fruit oval, 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, 146 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed flattened laterally in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. TYPr LOCALIty: “Shady grassy borders of pine woods, on high plains of the Nez Perces Indians,” Idaho, Geyer 414. cee ee Ta Northern Montana and Idaho (Constance, Beetle & Ownbey 2732, Heller & Heller 3453). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 12. 5. Ligusticum Porteri Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 86. 1888. Ligusticum Goldmani Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 146. 1900. Ligusticum Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 147. 1900. Ligusticum simulans Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 135. 1900. Ligusticum affine A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 223. 1901. Ligusticum madrense Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 336. 1905. Stout, caulescent, freely branched, 5-10 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflorescence puberulent; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 15—28 cm. long, 12-20 cm. broad, 1—3-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, mostly distinct, sessile to petiolulate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, regularly incised, the lobes obtuse or acute, entire or toothed; petioles 1-3 dm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, with shallowly lobed divisions; peduncles stout, alternate and often verticillate, 6-30 cm. long, slightly swollen at the apex; involucre wanting, or of an occasional solitary, deciduous bract; involucel wanting or of several linear bractlets, 2-7 mm. long, equaling or shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 11-24, ascending, subequal, 2.5-6 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending to rather strict, 5-12 mm. long; flowers white; fruit oblong, 5-8 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, terete, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 8-10 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, channeled under the tubes, the face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Headwaters of the Platte, near Denver, Colorado, Couller. DISTRIBUTION: High Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, and eastern Nevada, south to Arizona, Chihuahua, and Nuevo Leén (Baker, Earle & Tracy 546, Townsend & Barber 350). ILLUSTRATION: Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 35, f. 19. 5a. Ligusticum Porteri var. brevilobum (Rydb.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Ligusticum brevilobum Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 613. 1917. Leaflets ovate to oblong, 0.5—0.7 cm. long; otherwise like the species. TyPE Loca.ity: Aquarius Plateau, Utah, Rydberg & Carlton 7473. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of southeastern Utah (Jones 5680, Rydberg & Garrett 8909). 6. Ligusticum Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 86. 1888. Cynapium nudicaule Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 641, as syn. 1840. Pimpinella apiodora var. nudicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. Ligusticum Leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 134. 1900. Ligusticum caeruleomontanum St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 297. 1937. Stout, caulescent, freely branched, 5-12 dm. high, the inflorescence puberulent or glabrate, the foliage scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-20 cm. long, 6-15 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, mostly distinct, 3-5 cm. long, 5-20 mm. broad, laciniately cleft into linear, acute divisions; petioles 8-20 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the petioles dilated; peduncles alternate or verticillate, stout, 6-24 cm. long; involucre wanting or of a solitary linear bract; involucel of 1-several linear bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 15-30, spreading-ascending, 2.5-5 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-10 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish; calyx-teeth minute; fruit oval to oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 147 TYPE Loca.ity: ‘“‘ Low grounds, near headwaters of Jocko River,”” Montana, Canby 155. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and adjacent Idaho to central Washington (Constance et al. 1249, Leiberg 1009). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: pl. 4. 7. Ligusticum Grayi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 88. 1888. Ligusticum apiifolium var. minor A. Gray; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 264. 1876. Ligusticum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 137. 1900. Ligusticum Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 138. 1900. Ligusticum Cusickii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 138. 1900. Ligusticum tenuifolium var. dissimilis A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 53: 224. 1912. Stout, scapose or short-caulescent, 2-6 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong to deltoid-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-20 cm. long, 3-8 cm. broad, ternate- pinnate, the leaflets ovate to oblong, distinct, petiolulate, 1-2 cm. long, 5—15 mm. broad, deeply and regularly pinnatifid, the lobes or teeth oblong, obtuse or acute; petioles 1-10 cm. long; cauline leaves none or | or 2, much reduced; peduncles solitary, rarely with accessory verticil- late or alternate ones, 7-20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 linear, deciduous bracts; involucel of 4—-8 linear bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 5-14, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-3.5 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 3-8 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white or pinkish; fruit oval-oblong, 4-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 8 on the commissure; seed dorsally flattened in cross section, the face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Ostrander’s Meadows, Yosemite Valley, California, Bolander 6341. vu DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana, Idaho, and Washington, south to Nevada and the Sierra Nevada of central California (Constance, Beetle & Detling 2794, Heller 9563). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 92; Madrofio 1: 138, f. 24. 8. Ligusticum filicinum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 140. 1876. Position eta Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 125. 1871. Not L. apiifolium Pamcctecin scopulorum sensu Parry, Am. Nat. 9: 271. 1875. Not L. scopulorum A. Gray, 1868. Slender, caulescent, freely branched, 5-10 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the inflores- cence scaberulous; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 cm. long, ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, mucronate, 3-12 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad; petioles 6-20 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, reduced upwards, short-petiolate or sessile with dilated sheaths; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 6-17 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 1—-several short, filiform bractlets, or wanting; rays usually 10-20, slender, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2.5-6 cm. long; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, 8-12 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed dorsally flattened in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Uintah Mountains, northern Utah, Watson 454. an Montana and Wyoming, west to Utah and Idaho (Parry 121, Payson & Payson 8a. Ligusticum filicinum var. tenuifolium (S. Wats.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. Ligusticum oreganum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 138. 1900. Very slender, subscapose; leaves oblong to oval, 6-14 cm. long, 3-7 cm. broad; cauline leaf usually solitary, reduced, sessile; rays 5-15, 1.5—3 em. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit 3—5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Mountains of Colorado, Hall & Harbour 216 (part). DISTRIBUTION: Colorado and Montana, west to Utah and eastern Oregon (Constance & Jacobs 1329, Payson & Payson 5118). 148 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 9. Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868. Cynapium apiifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 641. 1840. Pimpinella apiodora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 345. 1868. Ligusticum apiodorum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 7: 132. 1900. Ligusticum Helleri Coult. & Rose; A. Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 227. 1906. (Nomen nudum.) Ligusticum apiodorum var. Helleri Coult. & Rose; Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Stout, caulescent, freely branched, 3-15 dm. high, glabrous to pubescent, the inflorescence often puberulent; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 10-25 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to oblong, 1-5 cm. long, 0.5-4 em. broad, coarsely toothed to deeply pinnatifid, the divisions obtuse or acute, mucronate, scabrous or glabrate on the margins and veins; petioles 1-3 dm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced; peduncles alternate or verticillate, 1-3 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1—several narrow bracts; involucel of several linear to lanceolate bractlets, 3-7 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 12-20, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2-5 cm. long; pedicels spread- ing-ascending, 5-10 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; flowers white or pinkish; fruit oval to orbic- ular, 3.5-5.5 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs filiform to prominent but unwinged; oil-tubes 3-6 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave. _ Type Loca.ity: ‘Plains of Oregon [Columbia River], near the confluence of the Wahlamet [Willamette],”’ near Oregon City, Clackamas County, Oregon, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Western Washington and Oregon to the coast of central California (Elmer 4803, Heller & Heller 3973). ILLUSTRATIONS: Henshaw, Mountain Fl. Am. pl. 17; Madrojfio 1: 138. 10. Ligusticum californicum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 132. 1900. Stout, caulescent, unbranched below the inflorescence, 5—9 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-30 cm. long, 10-25 cm. broad, bipinnate to ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, mostly distinct, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, toothed or cleft into few, linear-oblong divisions; petioles 1-3 dm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the petioles narrow; peduncles alternate or occasionally verticillate, moderately stout, 1-3 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets, 3-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 9-20, spreading-ascending, 3-7 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-11 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish; calyx-teeth minute; fruit oval, 4-6 mm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, the ribs narrowly winged; oil-tubes several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave. Type Loca.ity: “Covelo,’’ Mendocino County, California, Chesnut. DISTRIBUTION: Northern Coast Ranges of California (Tracy 3951, M.S. Baker 10,364). 52. PODISTERA S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 475. 1887. Ligusticella Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 445. 1909. Orumbella Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 445. 1909. Low, cespitose, herbaceous, acaulescent, glabrous or scabrous perennials, from a long thickened root bearing a crown of fibrous sheaths. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate to bipinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to orbicular, entire or variously incised or lobed. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of subcompact compound umbels; peduncles terminal, exceeding the leaves. Involucre of numerous narrow bracts, or wanting. Involucel of conspicuous, dimid- iate, foliaceous or subscarious, toothed or entire bractlets, longer or shorter than the flowers and fruit, by reduction of the rays sometimes appearing to form a false involucre. Rays few, short to obsolete, stout, spreading. Pedicels short to obsolete, terete or flattened and winged. Flowers yellow or purplish (also white or pinkish?); petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth conspicuous, ovate; styles short or slender, flattened and tape-like, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid-oblong to ovoid, slightly Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 149 flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, inconspicuous to prominent; oil-tubes 2-several in the intervals and on the commissure; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. Type species, Cymopterus ? nevadensis A. Gray (Podistera nevadensis S. Wats.). Plants scabrous; rays and pedicels obsolete or nearly so; fruit 1-2 mm. long, about | mm. broad. 1. P. nevadensis. Plants glabrous; rays and pedicels developed, not obsolete; fruit 2-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. Involucre wanting; bractlets 2—3-toothed, exceeding the fruit; pedicels terete, unwinged; flowers yellowish-green; Colorado. 2. P. Eastwoodae. Involucre of numerous bracts; bractlets entire, shorter than the fruit; pedicels flattened and winged; flowers purplish; Alaska. 3. P. Macounii. 1. Podistera nevadensis (A. Gray) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 475. 1887. Cymopterus ? nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 536. 1866. Podistera albensis Jepson, Madrofio 1: 140. 1923. Plants about 1-5 em. high; leaves narrowly oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, the leaflets apiculate, 1-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; petioles 3-15 mm. long, scarious-sheathing; peduncles 5-30 mm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several ovate, 3—5-cleft bractlets, 2-4 mm. long, about equaling the flowers and fruit; rays several, flattened, winged, very short to obsolete; pedicels nearly obsolete; flowers orange-yellow, fading paler; fruit 1-2 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; oil-tubes 12-16 on the dorsal and lateral surfaces, 4-6 on the commissure. Tyrer Locatity: At and near the top of Mount Dana, California, alt. 3,900 m., Brewer 2717. DISTRIBUTION: California, in the Sierra Nevada from the region of Lake Tahoe to that of Yose- mite, in the White Mountains, and in the San Bernadino Mountains (Eastwood 548, Hall & Babcock 07). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:.125 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 1 (fr.). 2. Podistera Eastwoodae (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 247. 1942. Ligusticum Eastwoodae Rose; Eastw. Zoe 4:17. 1893 (nomen nudum); Coult. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 320. 895. Ligusticella Eastwoodae Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 445. 1909. Plants 1-3 dm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—9 cm. long, 2-3 em. broad, the leaflets ovate, 10-15 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad, deeply 2—3-lobed, the lobes cleft into linear acute segments; petioles 2-8 cm. long; peduncles 1-3 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several oval, 2-3-toothed bractlets, 4-6 mm. long, exceeding the flowers and fruit; rays 5-8, 2-8 mm. long; pedicels terete, unwinged, 1-2 mm. long; flowers greenish- yellow; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4 (?) on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LocaLity: Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains, Colorado, Eastwood. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains of Colorado to New Mexico and Utah (Baker 790, Baker, Earle & Tracy 215). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 13; 7: pl. 5; 12: pl. 82. 3. Podistera Macounii (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 247. 1942. Ligusticum Macounii Coult. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 289. 1893. Orumbella Macounii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 446. 1909. Ligusticella Macounii Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Plants 8-10 cm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 8-25 mm. broad, the leaflets ovate to orbicular, 5—15 mm. long, 5—15 mm. broad, coarsely lobed or incised; petioles 3-12 cm. long; involucre of numerous linear-lanceolate bracts, 5-10 mm. long; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts, exceeding the pedicels but shorter than the fruit; rays 6-12, 3-20 mm. long; pedicels flattened, narrowly winged, 2-3 mm. long; flowers purplish, the petals obovate; fruit oval, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs prominent, 150 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, obtuse, corky; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face plane or slightly concave. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Cape Vancouver, Alaska, J. M@. Macoun. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Alaska (Coville & Kearney 1938, Trelease 4540). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: pl. 23. 53. CORIANDRUM L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Keramocarpus Fenzl in Russegg. Reise 17: 966. 1843. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately dissected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of a few small, narrow bractlets. Rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white or rose; petals oblong with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer usually radiant; calyx-teeth prominent, acute, often unequal; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit orbicular, terete, with a hard pericarp, glabrous, the mericarps boat-shaped, not separating readily at maturity; primary ribs filiform, the secondary filiform or obscure; oil-tubes wanting; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave. Type species, Coriandrum sativum L. 1. Coriandrum sativum L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Selinum Coriandrum E. H. \. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 163. 1904. Plants 2-7 dm. high; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-15 cm. long, 2-10 cm. broad, simple and ternately or pinnately lobed, or pinnate, the leaflets flabelliform, cuneate at the base, 1-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, variously toothed or incised; petioles 2-15 cm. long; cauline leaves pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions of the upper leaves linear to filiform, 2-15 mm. long, 0.5—1.5 mm. broad, obtuse, entire; peduncles 3-10 em. long, or occasionally abortive; involucre wanting, or of a solitary bract; involucel dimidiate, of a few linear bractlets, 2-4 mm. long; rays 2-8, 1-2.5 ecm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx- teeth ovate-lanceolate, unequal, the outer up to 1 mm. long; petals white or rose, the outer radiant; fruit 1.5-5 mm. in diameter. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In Italiae agris,’’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Mediterranean Region; widely adventive in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2043; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 129, 130; Karst. Fl. Deuts. 2: 429; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 159 (fl., fr.); Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 165; Britt. & Brown, Ill. F!. ed. 2. 2: 647; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: pl. 194, f. 2. 54. BIFORA Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2.191. 1816; nomen conservandum. Anidrum Neck. Elem. 1: 188. 1790. Biforis Spreng. Anl. ed. 2. 2: 635. 1818. Atrema DC. Coll. Mém. 5:71. 1829. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions fili- form. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, exceeding the leaves. Involucre of a few small linear bracts, or wanting. Involucel of a few bractlets like the bracts. Rays few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate or obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer frequently radiant; calyx-teeth evident to obsolete; stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit orbicular to ellipsoid and didymous, subterete, flattened laterally, constricted at the commissure, the mericarps boat-shaped, glabrous; ribs filiform, the pericarp very thin and hard; oil-tubes wanting; seed subterete in cross section, the face deeply and broadly concave. Type species, Coriandrum testiculatum \,. (Bifora testiculata Hofim.). Involucre present; pedicels 2 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 4-5 mm. broad; ribs evident. 1. B. americana. Involucre wanting; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, didymous, 5—7 mm. broad; ribs obsolete. 2. B. radians. Part 1, 1944| UMBELLIFERAE 151 1. Bifora americana (DC.) Benth. & Hook.;S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 415. 1878. Atrema americanum DC. Coll. Mém. 5:71. 1829. Coriandrum americanum Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4: 250, assyn. 1830. Anidrum americanum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 264. 1891. Branching, 25-75 cm. high, glabrous throughout, or the foliage and stems, especially at the nodes, scaberulous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2—5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, distinct, obtuse, 2-25 mm. long, 1 mm. or less broad, glabrous to slightly scaberulous; petioles 2-15 mm. long, somewhat inflated at the base; peduncles slightly scaberulous at the summit; involucre of a few small, entire to pinnatifid, linear bracts; involucel of bractlets like the bracts, shorter than or equaling the flowers; rays 4-14, 15-35 mm. long, somewhat scaberulous; pedicels about 2 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 2-3 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the ribs filiform. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Prés de la riviére Rouge,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Northeastern and central Texas and adjacent Arkansas and Oklahoma (Lind- heimer 830, Palmer 11,724). ILLusTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 18; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 119 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 71 (fr.). 2. Bifora radians Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 3: 233. 1819. Branching, 20-40 cm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately decompound, the ulti- mate divisions filiform, distinct, acute, 5-15 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, glabrous; petioles 2-5 cm. long, narrowly sheathing at the base; peduncles 3-8 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several small, setaceous, entire bractlets, shorter than the flowers; rays 5-7, 15-25 mm. long, glabrous; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, didymous, 2-3 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, sharply constricted at the commissure, scarcely roughened, the ribs obsolete. ) TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Europae occidentalis australioris incola et vulgo in hortis culta,’’ collector unknown. DisTRIBUTION: Introduced from the Mediterranean region in ballast in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 2042; Garcke, Fl. Deuts. ed. 17. 273; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2406; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 165. 55. BERULA Hoffm. in Besser, Enum. Pl. Volh. 44. 1822. Berla Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 356. 1900. Slender, erect, stoloniferous, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, from fascicled fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate, the leaflets entire, serrate, or lobed, or those of the submerged leaves decompound. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, exceeding the leaves. Involucre of conspicuous, narrow, entire or toothed bracts. Involucel of conspicuous narrow bractlets. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending or spreading. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth subulate, minute; styles short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves adnate to the mericarps through- out their length. Fruit oval to orbicular, flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform, obscure in the thick corky pericarp; oil-tubes numerous, contiguous and closely surrounding the seed cavity; seed terete in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells absent. Type species, Szum erectum Huds. (Berula erecta Coville). 1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 115. 1893. Sium erectum Huds. Fl. Angl. 103. 1762. Sium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1672. 1763. Sium Berula Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 218. 1765. Berula angustifolia Mert. & Koch in Rohling, Deuts. Fl. ed. 3. 2: 433. 1826. Sium pusillum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 611. 1840. Not S. pusillum Poir. 1810. Sium ? incisum Torr. in Frém. Rep. Calif. 90. 1845. Apium Berula Caruel in Parl. Fl. Ital. 8: 463. 1889. Selinum Berula E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:33. 1904. Sium Novae-Mexicae K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 28: 173. 1915. Berula pusilla Fernald, Rhodora 44: 189. 1942. 152 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Caulescent, 2-8 dm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets oblong, distinct, 1.5—4 cm. long, 5-30 mm. broad, subentire to serrate or lobed; petioles 4-20 cm. long; cauline leaves reduced, the leaflets often linear; peduncles 2-8 cm. long; involucre of 6-8 linear to lanceolate, unequal, foliaceous, scarious-margined, entire to incisely toothed bracts, 5-15 mm. long; involucel of 4-8 linear to lanceolate, acute, entire bractlets, 1-5 mm. long; rays 6-15, subequal, 1-2 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; fruit oval to orbicular, 1.5—2 mm. long, the ribs filiform; oil-tubes numerous about the seed. TypE Locality: None given, but presumably European. DISTRIBUTION: Europe and Mediterranean region; New York, Ontario, and Illinois, west to British Columbia and California, south to Florida, Federal District, Oaxaca, and Baja California (Palmer 41,886, Purpus 4103). ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1878; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 538; ed. 2. 2: 655; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 116 (fr.); Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: pl. 12; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 650; elements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 35, f. 16; Madrofio 1: 136; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 711, 56. SIUM 1. Sp. Pl. 251. 1753. Sion Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 498. 1763. Mauchartia Neck. Elem. 1: 172. 1790. Stout or slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, from fascicles of fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate to pinnately decom- pound, or rarely simple and incised, the leaflets serrate to pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of sub- foliaceous, entire or incised, often reflexed bracts. Involucel of conspicuous narrow bractlets. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate or obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer sometimes radiant; calyx-teeth minute to obsolete, often unequal; styles short, reflexed, the stylopodium depressed, or rarely conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, the halves adnate to or free from the mericarps (if adnate the carpophore apparently wanting), or the carpophore entire. Fruit oval to orbicular, slightly flattened laterally and somewhat constricted at the commissure, glabrous; ribs prominent, subequal, corky; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane; a prominent group of strengthening cells in the apex of each rib. Type species, Sium latifolium L. Plants stout, 6-12 dm. high; rays 10-20, subequal, 1. S. suave. Plants slender, 2-6 dm. high; rays 5-11, unequal. Plants at least partially aquatic; submerged or floating leaves often reduced to the terminal leaflet, or the leaflets coarsely serrate to incised; rays slender but not filiform. 2. S. Carsonii. Plants terrestrial, without submerged or floating leaves; leaflets finely appressed-serrate; rays filiform. 3. S. floridanum. 1. Sium suave Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Sium cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 558. 1789. Sium lineare Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 167. 1803. Cicuta daurica Fisch. Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2.45. 1812. (Nomen nudum.) Sium tenuifolium Muhl. Cat. 31. 1813. Critamus dauricus Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2. 184. 1816. Sium rugosum Raf. Med. Fl. 2: 264. 1830 (hyponym); Atl. Jour. 151. 1832. Falcaria dahurica DC. Prodr. 4: 110. 1830. Sium cicutarium W. Baxter in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. 4: 639. 1850. (Hyponym.) A pium cicutaefolium Benth. & Hook.; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. 23: 328. 1887. Sium cicutaefolium var. brevifolium Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 43: 83. 1890. Sium heterophyllum Greene, Pittonia 2: 102. 1890. Sium cicutaefolium var. heterophyllum Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 353. 1901. Drepanophyllum lineare K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 28: 181. 1915. Sium cicutaefolium var. lineare H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4%): 57. 1927. Sium latifolium of American authors, not S. latifolium L. 1753. Plants stout, 6-12 dm. high, from fusiform, fascicled roots; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-25 cm. long, 7-18 cm. broad, pinnate, or rarely simple and serrate and incised, the leaflets lanceolate to linear, 1-4 cm. long, 3-15 mm. broad, distinct, remote, the lower frequently obsolete, finely serrate to coarsely serrate or incised; petioles Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 153 stout, often fistulose, 1-8 dm. long; peduncles stout, 4-10 cm. long; involucre of 6—10 lanceolate or linear bracts, 3-15 mm. long, acute, entire or incised, unequal, reflexed; involucel of 4-8 linear-lanceolate bractlets, 1-3 mm. long, acute, entire; rays 10—20, slender, subequal, 1.5—3 cm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; calyx-teeth minute; halves of the carpophore adnate to the mericarps; fruit oval to orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably ‘“‘Carolina,’’ Walter. DISTRIBUTION: Swamps; Newfoundland to Virginia, west to British Columbia and central California (Baker 902, Friesner 6415, 10,210). : IntustrRaTions: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 89 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 532; ed. 2. 2: 656; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 114 (fr.); Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 18 (fr.); House, Wild Fl. N. Y. pl. 149; Madrofio 1: 137; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 712; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 598; Muensch. Pois. Pl. f. 56; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 271, f. 58-60. 2. Sium Carsonii Durand; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 196. 1867. Sium cicutaefolium var. Carsonii G. T. Stevens, Ill. Guide 442. 1910. Drepanophyllum Carsoni K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. II. 28: 183. 1915. Sium suave f. fasciculatum Fassett, Rhodora 23: 111. 1921. Sium suave f. Carsonii Fassett, Rhodora 23: 113. 1921. Plants weak and slender, often submersed, 2-6 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles S—12 cm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, 1-6 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, distinct and remote, coarsely serrate, or dissected in the submerged leaves, often reduced to the terminal lanceolate to orbicular leaflet; petioles 5—25 cm. long; cauline leaves frequently reduced to the broad terminal leaflet, and bearing similar fascicled leaves in their axils from a corm; peduncles slender, 3-8 cm. long; involucre of 3-5 linear-lanceolate bracts, acute, unequal, 1-10 mm. long; involucel of acute linear bractlets, 1-3 mm. long; rays 5-11, slender, unequal, 1—2.5 cm. long; calyx-teeth minute; halves of the carpo- phore adnate to the mericarps; fruit oval to orbicular, 1.5—2 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad. TypE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Pennsylvania, around the Pocono Mountain,” Green. DISTRIBUTION: Maine to Pennsylvania; Minnesota. (Fassett 131, Fernald & Long 14,241.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 91 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 532; ed. 2. 2: 656; Rhodora 23: 112; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 271, f. 61, 62. 3. Sium floridanum Small, Man. SE. Fl. 976. 1933. Plants slender, about 3 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, 7-14 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets broadly lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, distinct and remote, finely appressed-serrate, the terminal leaflet often ovate; petioles about 5 cm. long; peduncles slender, 1-4 cm. long; involucre of 2-5 linear, acute bracts, 2-5 mm. long; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts, 1-2 mm. long; rays 6-10, filiform, 6-15 mm. long, unequal; calyx-teeth minute; immature fruit oval to orbicular. TYPE LOCALITY: Swamps of the Chipola River, Florida, Chapman. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 57. SESELI L. Sp. Pl. 259. 1753. Slender to moderately stout, erect, caulescent, branching, glabrous to somewhat pubescent perennials or biennials, from fibrous root-crowns surmounting taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, 1—3-pinnate or pinnately decompound, the leaflets few to many, linear to ovate, entire to pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose com- pound umbels, the peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of a few inconspicuous linear bracts, or wanting. Involucel usually of numerous, linear, entire bractlets. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers usually white; petals ovate to obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent (in our species); styles slender or short, spreading or recurved, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid to oblong, slightly flattened laterally or subterete, pubescent (at least in our species); ribs prominent, unwinged; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2 of more on the commissure, accessory oil-tubes occasionally present under the ribs; seed flattened dorsally or subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Seseli pimpinelloides L. 154 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 1. Seseli Libanotis (I,.) Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 111. 1825. Athamanta Libanotis L. Sp. Pl. 244. 1753. Bubon Libanotis Dumort. Fl. Belg. 79. 1827. Seseli libanotum St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 134. 1880. Libanotis Libanotis Karst. Deuts. Fl. 842. 1882. Selinum Libanotis E. H. l.. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 102. 1904. Plants perennial, puberulent at the nodes and puberulent or pubescent in the inflorescence, 3-12 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, 1-3 dm. long, 5-20 em. broad, 1—2-pin- nate, the leaflets ovate to oblong, 1—2 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, pinnatifid or pinnately lobed; petioles 5—20 em. long; cauline leaves narrower and often less divided than the basal; peduncles 5-20 em. long; involucre of a few inconspicuous, linear, unequal, entire bracts, about 5 mm. long; bractlets of the involucel numerous, linear, 3-5 mm. long; rays 20-40, 2-5 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad, densely pubescent. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In Sueciae, Germaniae pratis siccis apricis,’’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Northern and montane Europe; adventive in the Washington-Baltimore area. ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2. f. 422; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 192; Fedch. & Fler. Fl. Eur. Ross. 693. 98. CICUTA L. Sp. Pl. 255. 1753. Cicutaria Lam. FI. Fr. 3: 445. 1778. Keraskomion Raf. New Fl. 4: 21. 1838. Stout or slender, erect, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, from a tuberous base bearing fibrous, fleshy-fibrous, or fleshy-tuberous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 1-3-pinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets serrate to incised. Petioles sheathing. Inflores- cence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, exceeding the leaves. In- volucre wanting, or of a few inconspicuous, narrow bracts. Involucel of several narrow bract- lets longer or shorter than the flowers, or rarely wanting. Rays numerous, slender, spreading- ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers white or greenish; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth evident; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium depressed or low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, deciduous. Fruit oval or ovoid to orbicular or ellipsoid, flattened laterally and constricted at the commissure or not constricted, glabrous; ribs usually prominent, obtuse and corky, the adjacent laterals of the two carpels separated by an interval so that all the ribs are subequal in surface display, or the two adjacent laterals unseparated by an interval and thus much broader than the dorsals in surface display, as they always are in cross section; oil-tubes small or large, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, slightly to markedly oily, suleate or plane under the tubes, the face plane to slightly concave. Type species, Cicuta virosa L. Axils of the leaves not bulbiferous. Fruit constricted at the commissure; lateral ribs about equaling the dorsals in surface display. Oil-tubes large; seed oily, evidently channeled under the oil-tubes. Ribs narrower than the oil-tubes; Pacific Coast salt marshes. 1. C. Bolanderi. Ribs broader than the oil-tubes; coastal eastern and southeastern United States and eastern Mexico. 2. C. mexicana, Oil-tubes small; seed less oily, terete or only slightly suleate under the oil-tubes. Fruit oval to orbicular, at least as long as broad, 2-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; rays 12-20, 2-6 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long. 3. C. Douglasit. Fruit ellipsoid, conspicuously broader than long, 1.5—2.2 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; rays 7-14, 7-8 cm. long; pedicels 7-12 mm. long. 4. C. mackenzieana, Fruit not constricted at the commissure; lateral ribs much broader than the dorsals in surface display. Leaflets coarsely serrate to incised; fruit oval to orbicular, rounded at apex and base; lateral ribs prominent, about equaling the intervals. 5. C. maculata. Leaflets finely serrate; fruit ovoid, narrowed toward the apex, cordate at the base; lateral ribs obscure, much narrower than the intervals. 6. C. Victorinii. Axils of the leaves bulbiferous. 7. C. bulbifera. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 155 1. Cicuta Bolanderi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 139. 1876. Stout, from a short tuberous base bearing fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots, 1-3 m. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-35 cm. long, 10-25 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets linear- to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-9 cm. long, 8-35 mm. broad, finely to coarsely serrate; petioles 15—45 cm. long; peduncles 4-13 cm. long; involucre of l-several narrow bracts, or wanting; involucel of several lanceolate, acute bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; rays subequal to very unequal, 2-5 cm. long; pedicels about 4 mm. long; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, constricted at the commissure, the ribs low and corky, subequal in surface display, narrower than the broad, darker-colored intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels separated by an interval; oil-tubes large; seed very oily, deeply sulecate under the tubes, the face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Suisun, Solano County, California, in salt marshes, Bolander. DISTRIBUTION: Salt marshes of central and southern California (Davy 6668, Heller 7541). 2. Cicuta mexicana Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 145. 8 Ja 1900. Cicuta maculata sensu Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 566. 1880. Not C. maculata L. 1753. Cicuta Curtissii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:97. 31 D 1900. Cicuta maculata var. Curtissii Fernald, Rhodora 41: 439. 1939. Stout, from a usually erect tuberous base bearing fleshy-tuberous roots, 9-24 dm. high; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-35 cm. long, ternate-pinnate or 2-pinnate, the leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, finely to coarsely serrate, thick and strongly reticulate; petioles 2-3 dm. long; peduncles 5—9 cm. long; involucre of 1—-several narrow bracts, or wanting; involucel of several lanceolate to linear, acute, aor a margined bractlets 2-5 mm. long, shorter than or equaling the flowers; rays very unequal, 2 em. long; pedicels 3-15 mm. long; fruit orbicular or nearly so, 2-3 mm. long, constricted at ae commissure, the ribs low, broad and corky, subequal in surface display, broader than the intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels separated by an interval; oil-tubes large; seed very oily, deeply sulcate under the tubes, the face plane or concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Coatzacoalcos, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Vera Cruz, Chas. L. Smith 1161. DIsTRIBUTION: New Jersey to Florida, south and west to Tamaulipas, Nuevo Le6n, and Vera Cruz (Curtiss 6845, Heller 1105, Pringle 10,804). 3. Cicuta Douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:95. 1900. ? Sium ? Douglasii DC. Prodr. 4: 125. 1830. Cicuta maculata ? sensu H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 142. 1832. Not C. maculata. 1753. ? Cicuta occidentalis Dougl.; Heynh. Nom. 2: 144. 1840. (Nomen nudum.) Cicuta californica A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1868. Cicuta virosa var. californica Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 130. 1888. Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 2:7. 1889. Cicuta occidentalis f. frondosa Greene, Pittonia 2: 1889. Cicuta purpurata Greene, Pittonia 2: 8. 1889. Cicuta vagans Greene, Pittonia 2:9. 1889. Cicuta grandifolia Greene, Leaflets 2: 24. 1909. Cicuta Douglasii var. occidentalis M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15:42. 1910, Cicuta frondosa Greene, Leaflets 2: 236. 1912. Cicuta subfalcata Greene, Leaflets 2: 237. 1912. Cicuta valida Greene, Leaflets 2: 238. 1912. Cicuta Sonnei Greene, Leaflets 2: 239. 1912. Cicuta fimbriata Greene, Leaflets 2: 240. 1912. Cicuta cinicola A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 54: 141. 1912. Cicuta occidentalis f. californica H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 82. 1927. Cicuta occidentalis {. oregonensi-idahoensis H. Wolfi in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (47%): 82. 1927. Cicuta occidentalis f. arizonensis H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 82. 1927. Cicuta occidentalis {. wyomingensis H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 90 (4228): 82. 1927. Stout, from a vertical or horizontal, short or elongate, tuberous base bearing fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots, 6-20 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 12-38 cm. long, 7-22 cm. broad, 1—3-pinnate, the leaflets linear-lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 6-35 mm. broad, remotely to coarsely serrate or incised; petioles 156 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, 1-8 cm. long; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucre of 1-several narrow bracts, or wanting; in- volucel of several ovate-lanceolate to linear, acute or acuminate, scarious-margined bractlets, 2-15 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers; rays 2-6 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit ovoid to orbicular, 2-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, constricted at the commissure, the ribs low, broad, and corky, subequal in surface display, broader than the reddish-brown or homo- chromous intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels separated by an interval; oil-tubes small; seed not very oily, not sulcate under the tubes, the face plane. Type Locatity: ‘In America boreali occid.,”” Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta and Montana to western Alaska, south to California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua (Baker 655, Nelson & Macbride 1315). ILLUSTRATIONS: U. S. Dep. Agr. Farm. Bull. 86: 24; Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bot. 20: 41; 26: pl. 7, 8; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 48, pl. opp. 152, 655, 657; Bot. Gaz. 54: 141, f. 1; Bull. U.S. Dep. Agr. 69: pl. 1, 2; Bull. Calif. Exp. Sta. 249: 223; Bull. Colo. Exp. Sta. 211: 53; Madrofio 1: 134; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 710; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 599; Sharples, Alaska Wild FI. 30. 4. Cicuta mackenzieana Raup, Jour. Arnold Arb. 17: 279. 1936. ? Cicuta maculata var. angustifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 259. 1832. Stout, from an ovoid or short-oblong, erect, tuberous base bearing fibrous and fleshy- fibrous roots, 4-10 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 8-12 cm. broad, bipinnate, often imperfectly so, the leaflets narrowly lanceolate to nar- rowly elliptic, strict, those of the cauline leaves 2-6 cm. long, 1 mm. broad, saliently dentate; petioles 1-22 cm. long; peduncles 3-11 cm. long; involucre of a few narrowly lanceolate bracts, or wanting; involucel of a few narrowly lanceolate, acuminate bractlets; rays (7-14) 7-8 em. long; pedicels 7-12 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 1.5-2.2 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, constricted at the commissure, the ribs low and corky, subequal in surface display, broader than the reddish- brown intervals, or the commissural interval homochromous; oil-tubes small; seed not very oily, not sulcate under the tubes, the face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: Sandy margin of a lagoon near the south shore of Lake Athabaska about 1.5 miles west of Ennuyeuse Creek, Canada, Raup 69706. DIsTRIBUTION: Hudson Bay to the Mackenzie Basin (Raup 6764, Macoun 79,261). ILLUSTRATION: Jour. Arnold Arb. 17: pl. 197. 5. Cicuta maculata L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Cicutaria maculata Lam. Encyc. 2:2. 1786. Cicuta virosa var. maculata Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 130. 1888. Cicuta dakotica Greene, Leaflets 2: 237. 1912. Cicuta arguta Greene, Leaflets 2: 238. 1912. Cicuta ampla Greene, Leaflets 2: 241. 1912. Cicuta dakotica var. pseudovirosa Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 486. 1916. Cicuta dakotica var. pseudomaculata Lunell, Am, Midl. Nat. 4: 486. 1916. Stout, from a usually erect tuberous base bearing fleshy or fleshy-tuberous roots as well as often some fibrous roots above, 6-18 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 8-26 cm. broad, 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acute to acuminate, 2-12 em. long, 5-30 mm. broad, sharply and coarsely serrate or incised; petioles 1-3 dm. long; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucre of a few narrow bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, acute to acuminate, scarious-margined bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, entire or denticulate, shorter than the flowers; rays unequal to subequal, 1.5—-6 cm. long; pedicels 3-10 mm. long; fruit oval to orbicular, 2-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, not constricted at the com- missure, the ribs low and corky, about as broad as the usually reddish-brown intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels closely contiguous and forming a broad flat band, and with much greater surface display than the dorsal ribs; oil-tubes moderately large; seed not very oily, not sulcate or only very shallowly so under the tubes, the face plane to concave. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Virginia,’’” Kalm. . DISTRIBUTION: Prince Edward Island and Quebec to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to North Dakota and Texas (Heller 1002, Lindheimer 615). . InLustRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 97 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 94 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill, Fl. 2: 536; ed. 2. 2: 658; Rhodora 41: pl. 561, f. 3 (fr.); Muensch. Pois. Pl. f. 54; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 273, f. 65, 67. Parr 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 157 6. Cicuta Victorinii Fernald, Rhodora 41: 441. 1939. Slender, from a fascicle of fleshy and fleshy-tuberous roots as well as often some fibrous roots above, 3.5—5.6 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 4-8 em. broad, bipinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, I—4 cm. long, 4-9 mm. broad, finely and somewhat remotely serrate; petioles 5-22 cm. long; involucre of one or more inconspicuous bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear, scarious-margined, acute bractlets, 2-3 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; rays unequal, 15-35 mm. long; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; fruit ovoid, conspicuously narrowed below the apex, somewhat cordate at the base, the dorsal ribs obscure and not raised above the surface, much narrower and paler than the broad reddish-brown intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels closely contiguous and forming a narrow flat band, and with much greater surface display than the dorsal ribs; oil-tubes moderately large; seed not very oily, not sulcate or only very shallowly so under the tubes, the face plane to concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Tidal flats of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec: gréves intercotidales, Cap Rouge prés du Pont de Québec, Victorin 15,479. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the estuary of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec (Fernald & Long 24,249, Victorin 15,480). ILLUSTRATION: Rhodora 41: pl. 561, f. 1, 2. 7. Cicuta bulbifera L. Sp. Pl. 255. 1753. Cicutaria bulbifera Lam. Encyc. 2:3. 1786. Keraskomion bulbiferum Raf. New. Fl. 4:21. 1838. Slender, from a usually erect tuberous base bearing fleshy-tuberous and fibrous roots, 3-10 dm. high, the upper axils bearing clustered bulblets; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-8 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, sparsely toothed to incised; petioles 1—1.5 dm. long; peduncles 1—5 cm. long, exceeded by the lateral shoots when these are present; involucre of a few small filiform bracts, or wanting; involucel of a few linear to lanceolate, acuminate bractlets, 1-3 mm. long, or wanting; rays 15-25 mm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; fruit rarely maturing, orbicular, 1.5—2 mm. long, constricted at the commissure, the ribs low and broad, subequal in surface display, broader than the narrow intervals, the lateral ribs of the two carpels separated by an interval; oil-tubes small. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Virginia, Canada,”’ Clayton. DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland and Quebec to Virginia, west to British Columbia and Oregon (Cusick 2966, Heller & Heller 551). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 99; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 658; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 536; ed. 2. 2: 658; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 273, f. 70. 59. OENANTHE L. Sp. Pl. 254. 1753. Phellandrium V,. Sp. Pl. 255. 1753. Phelandrium Neck. Delic. 149. 1768. Actinanthus Ehrenb. Linnaea 4: 398. 1829. Dasyloma DC. Prodr. 4: 140. 1830. Cyssopetalum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 223: 25. 1849. Oenosciadium Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 141. 1874. Globocarpus Caruel in Parl. Fl. Ital. 8: 239. 1889. Slender or stout, usually decumbent and ascending, or erect, herbaceous and often succu- lent, branching, glabrous perennials, from fascicled fibrous or tuberous roots, often rooting at the lower nodes. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate to pinnately decompound, the leaflets or ultimate divisions serrate to pinnatifid, or the leaves sometimes reduced to linear, fistulose petioles or phyllodes. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting, or of a few or numerous narrow bracts. Involucel of numerous, narrow bractlets, shorter than the flowers. Rays numerous, spreading, subequal. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth lanceolate, forming a persistent conspicuous corona on the fruit (in our species); styles erect, elongate and rigid after anthesis, rarely deciduous, the stylopodium conic, often somewhat hidden by the calyx-teeth. Carpophore wanting. Fruit oblong (in our species), terete, or very slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs low, obtuse and subequal, very corky, 158 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, often more or less confluent over both dorsal and commissural faces of the mericarps; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section and often sulcate under the tubes, the face plane; strengthening cells investing seed and oil-tubes. Type species, Oenanthe fistulosa \,. Leaves bipinnate; styles 2-3 mm. long. Leaflets 1-6 cm. long, 1—5 cm. broad, coarsely serrate or dentate, or incised or lobed toward the base, with mucronate teeth or lobes; bractlets 4-5 mm. long; fruit oblong, 1.5-2 mm. broad; Pacific Coast of the United States and British Columbia. 1. O. sarmentosa. Leaflets 1-2 cm. long, 0.5-1 cm. broad, finely serrate, or incised or lobed toward the base, with spinulose teeth or lobes; bractlets 2-3 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 2-3 mm. broad; Oaxaca. 2. O. Pringlet. Leaves pinnately decompound; styles about 1 mm. long. 3. O. aquatica. 1. Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl; DC. Prodr. 4: 138. 1830. Helosciadium californicum H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 142. 1832. Oenanthe californica S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 139. 1876. Oenanthe sarmentosa var. californica Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 92. 1888. Cicuta californica Greene, Pittonia 1: 271. 1889. Not C. californica A. Gray, 1868. Plants decumbent and ascending, 5—15 dm. high or long; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 6—25 cm. broad, bipinnate, the leaflets ovate, 1-6 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, coarsely dentate or serrate, or incised or lobed toward the base; petioles 1-3.5 dm. long; peduncles 5—13 cm. long; involucre of a few linear, foliaceous, acute bracts, 5-15 mm. long, or wanting; involucel of numerous acute bractlets, 4-5 mm. long; rays 10-20, 1.5-3 cm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; calyx-teeth lanceolate, 0.5—1 mm. long; styles 2-3 mm. long; fruit oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, often purplish, the ribs broader than the intervals, prominent. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Haenke. H DISTRIBUTION: British Columbia to central California, chiefly in coastal marshes (Elmer 4690, Jones 29,026, Parish 976). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 121 (fr.); Madrofio 1: 135; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. Llp O97: 2. Oenanthe Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 307. 1895. Plants decumbent and ascending, 6-9 dm. high; leaves triangular-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 9-12 cm. long, 8-11 cm. broad, bipinnate, the leaflets ovate, 1-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, spinulose-serrate, incised and lobed toward the base; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets, 2-3 mm. long; rays 15-20, subequal, 15-25 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth lanceolate, up to 1 mm. long; styles about 2 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 3-3.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, somewhat flattened laterally, the ribs broader than the intervals, the lateral broader than the dorsal. TYPE LOCALITY: “In cold bogs of the Sierra de Clavellinas,’’ Oaxaca, 9000 feet, Pringle 6009. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 3. Oenanthe aquatica (1,.) Lam. Encyc. 4: 530. 1797. Phellandrium aquaticum 1,. Sp. Pl. 255. 1753. Ligusticum Phellandrium Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3: 84. 1767. Oenanthe Phellandrium Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 432. 1778. Selinum Phellandrium E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12:93. 1904. Plants stout, decumbent, or floating and ascending, 5-15 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, pinnately decompound, the leaflets ovate, 4-6 mm. long, pinnatifid into linear or oblong ultimate divisions 0.5—3 mm. long, or the ultimate divisions of submerged leaves filiform and elongate; peduncles 1-4 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a few small bracts; involucel of numerous linear-lanceolate bractlets, 2-3 mm. long, shorter than the pedicels; rays 6-15, unequal, 1—2.5 cm. long; pedicels 3—5 mm. long; calyx-teeth lanceolate, unequal, up to 1 mm. long; styles about 1 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 3.5—5 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, narrowed at the apex, the ribs low and broad, broader than the intervals and the lateral broader than the dorsal. Part 1, 1944] UMBELLIFERAE 159 Type Loca.ity: ‘In Europae fossis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; introduced at Washington, D. C. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1896; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 419; uuilon, Hist. Pl. 7: 109 (fr.); Karst. Fl. Deuts. 2: 405; Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2414; Coste, eer 2: 197. 60. AETHUSA L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous (or the inflorescence somewhat squamose-pubescent) annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, spreading, mostly longer than the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel dimidiate, of several narrow, entire bractlets longer than the flowers. Raysrather numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels rather numerous, unequal. Flowers white; petals obovate, emarginate, with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer radiant; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles very short, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid, subterete to almost dorsally flattened, glabrous; ribs subequal, narrowly corky-winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Aethusa Cynapium \,. 1. Aethusa Cynapium L. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. Coriandrum Cynapium Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3:99. 1767. Cicuta Cynapicum Crantz, Class. Umbell. 98. 1767. Selinum Cynapium E. H. L. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2.12: 110. 1904. Erect, dichotomously branching, 1-8 dm. high, glabrous throughout; leaves broadly obo- vate in general outline, excluding the petioles up to 9 cm. long, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; petioles about 5 cm. long; peduncles 3-15 em. long; rays 10-20, spreading-ascending, 5-30 mm. long; pedicels 10-20, spreading, unequal, 1-6 mm. long; fruit ovoid, tapering to an acute apex, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs corky- winged, prominent. TYPE Loca.ity: “Inter Europae olera,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; introduced in waste places in Nova Scotia and Massachusetts to Pennsylvania. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1901; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 520; ed. 2. 2: 645; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 196; Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: pl. 16; Pammel, Man. Pois. Pl. 660. 61. LILAEOPSIS Greene, Pittonia 2: 192. §$ 1891. Cranizia Nutt. Gen. 1: 177. 1818. Not Crantzia Scopoli, 1777; Swartz, 1788; Schreber, 1789. Crantziola F. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. Pl. 63, as syn. 1882. Hallomuellera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 267. N 1891. Small, tufted, glabrous, caulescent perennials, from long creeping rhizomes. Leaves reduced to fistulose, transversely septate phyllodes borne at the nodes. Inflorescence of simple, loose, axillary, few-flowered umbels. Peduncles slender, shorter or longer than the leaves. Involucre of a few small bracts. Pedicels slender, ascending to reflexed and pendulous. Flowers white; petals orbicular with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth small; styles very short, the stylopodium depressed or obsolete. Carpophore wanting. Fruit globose or ovoid, slightly flattened laterally or nearly terete, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral very thick and corky next the commissure; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed terete in cross section, the face plane; ribs each with a small group of strengthening cells. Type species, Hydrocotyle chinensis L. (Lilaeopsis chinensis Kuntze). Peduncles longer than the leaves; dorsal ribs of the fruit acute. 1. L. chinensis. Peduncles shorter than the leaves; dorsal ribs of the fruit angled or obscure. Dorsal ribs of the fruit obscure; Pacific Coast. 2. L. occidentalis. Dorsal ribs prominent, angled or rounded. Fruit orbicular; pedicels spreading to ascending; Mexico. 3. L. Schaffneriana. Fruit ovoid; pedicels spreading to recurved and pendulous. Leaves baoadened above into a spatulate or oblong blade; all the ribs angled. % =o . L. attenuata. Leaves linear to filiform, terete; all the ribs rounded; Arizona. ‘Ss . recurva. ph 160 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 1. Lilaeopsis chinensis (I,.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3’: 114. 1898. Hydrocotyle chinensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 234. 1753. Hydrocotyle sinensis J. G. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 468. 1791. Hydrocotyle lineata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 162. 1803. Cranizia lineata Nutt. Gen. 1: 178. 1818. Hydrocotyle ligulata Bosc; DC. Prodr. 4:71, as syn. 1830. Lilaeopsis lineata Greene, Pittonia 2: 192. 1891. Hallomuellera lineata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 267. 1891. Crantziola lineata K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. II. 29: 125. 1916. Leaves linear-spatulate, 1-6 cm. long, 1-3 mm. broad; peduncles 2.5-6 cm. long, longer than the leaves; umbels 4—9-flowered; pedicels spreading to ascending, 3-8 mm. long; fruit ovoid to turbinate, 1.5—2.5 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs acute, the lateral broad. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘China,’’ collector unknown. DiIsTRIBUTION: Nova Scotia to Florida and Mississippi (Curtiss 993, 4915, Fernald & Long 252). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hill, Veg. Syst. 5: pl. 11; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 4: pl. 66, f. 38; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, . 95 (fr.); 24: 47 (fr.); E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 205; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 123 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 648; Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: pl. 20, f. 8 (fr.). 2. Lilaeopsis occidentalis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24:48. 1897. Crantziola occidentalis K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 125. 1916. Lilaeopsis lineata var. occidentalis Jepson, Madrofio 1: 139. 1923. Leaves linear, terete, 2.5-15 cm. long, 1-4 mm. broad; peduncles 5-45 mm. long, weak, shorter than the leaves; umbels 5—12- pevihita pedicels slender, ascending to recurved and pendulous, 2-8 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 2 mm. long, 1.25—-2 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs obscure, the lateral broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Salt marshes of Tillamook Bay, Oregon, Howell. DISTRIBUTION: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to the coast of central California (Elmer 2767, Hall 205, Macoun 307). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 24: 48, f. 2 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 124 (fr.); Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 534; pl. 20, f. 4 (fr.); Madrofio 1: 139. 3. Lilaeopsis Schaffneriana (Schlecht.) Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48, exclusive of specimens cited from Arizona and Chile. 1897. Crantzia Schaffneriana Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 370. 1854. Crantzia Schaffneriana f. aquatica Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 371. 1854. Crantzia Schaffneriana f. subterrestris Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 371. 1854. Crantzia lineata sensu Hems!. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 569, as to Mexican specimens. 1881. Not C. lineata Nutt. 1818. Crantziola Schaffneriana K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 125. 1916. Lilaeopsis Schaffneriana var. aquatica A. W. Hill, Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 539. 1927. Lilaeopsis Schaffneriana var. subterrestris A, W. Hill, Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 539. 1927. Leaves linear, terete, 2-20 cm. long, 0.5-4 mm. broad; peduncles slender, 1-3 cm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 5—8-flowered; pedicels very slender, spreading to ascending, 2-10 mm. long; fruit orbicular, 1.5-2 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, all the ribs rounded. TYPE Loca.tty: “‘In lacu (laguna) ad urbem Mexico,” Schaffner. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Jalisco to South America (Parry & Palmer 287, Schaffner 543). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 24: 48. f. 3 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 125 (fr.); Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 539, f. 5; pl. 19, f. 2. 4. Lilaeopsis attenuata (H. & A.) Fernald, Rhodora 26:94. 1924. Crantzia attenuata H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 346. 1833. Lilaeopsis carolinensis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz, 24:48. 1897. Crantzia brasiliensis Glaziou, Mém. Soc. Bot. Fr. 13: 331. 1909. Crantziola carolinensis K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 125. 1916. Crantzia carolinensis Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II. 12:31. 1920. Lilaeopsis carolinensis var. attenuata A. W. Hill, Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 537. 1927. Leaves narrow and elongated below, broadened above into a spatulate or oblong blade, 2-30 em. long, 1-10 mm. broad; peduncles 4-50 mm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 5—15-flowered; pedicels very slender, lax, spreading to recurved, 2-10 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 1.5—2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, all the ribs angled and prominent. COMPLETED VOLUMES 9: i-iv, 1-542. (Agaricales:) Polyporaceae (pars), Boletaceae, Agaricaceae (pars). Complete in 7 parts. 7: i-iv, 1-1151. Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae, Tilletiaceae. Uredinales: Coleosporiaceae, Uredinaceae, Aecidiaceae. Complete in 15 parts. PARTS OF VOLUMES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED 2': 1-76. Blastocladiales: Blastocladiaceae. Monoblepharidales: Monoble- pharidaceae. Saprolegniales: Saprolegniaceae, Ectrogellaceae, Leptomi- taceae. 31: 1-88. Hypocreales: Nectriaceae, Hypocreaceae. Fimetariales: Chaeto- miaceae, Fimetariaceae. 6': 1-84. Phyllostictales: Phyllostictaceae (pars). 10': 1-76. 107: 77-144. 10%: 145-226. 104: 227-276. 10°: 277-348. (Agari- cales:) Agaricaceae (pars). 11': 1-102. fl. 1-36. Oedogoniales: Oedogoniaceae. 14!: 1-66. Sphaerocarpales: Sphaerocarpaceae, Riellaceae. Marchantiales: Ricciaceae, Corsiniaceae, Targioniaceae, Sauteriaceae, Rebouliaceae, Marchantiaceae. 15': 1-75. Sphagnales:Sphagnaceae. Andreaeales: Andreaeaceae. Bryales: Archidiaceae, Bruchiaceae, Ditrichaceae, Bryoxyphiaceae, Seligeriaceae. 15?: 77-166. Dicranaceae, Leucobryaceae. 15°: 167-202. pl. I-10. Fissidentaceae. 16!: 1-88. Ophioglossales: Ophioglossaceae. Marattiales: Marattiaceae. Filicales: Osmundaceae, Ceratopteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Cyatheaceae (pars). 17!: 1-98. Pandanales: Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae. Naiadales: Zannichel- liaceae, Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Naiadaceae, Lilaeaceae. Alismales: Scheuchzeriaceae, Alismaceae, Butomaceae. Hydrocharitales: Elodeaceae, Hydrocharitaceae. Poales: Poaceae (pars). 172: 99-196. 173: 197-288. 174: 289-354. 17°: 355-418. 17%: 419-482. 177: 483-542. 178: 543-638. Poaceae (pars). 18': 1-60. 187: 61-112. 18%: 113-168. 184: 169-240. 18°: 241-312. 185: 313- 392. 187: 393-478. (Poales:) Cyperaceae (pars). 19': 1-60. Xyridales: Mayacaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Pontederia- ceae. 197; 61-228. Bromeliaceae. 21': 1-93. Chenopodiales: Chenopodiaceae. 217: 95-169. Amaranthaceae. 21°: 171-254. Allioniaceae. 214: 255-339. Batidaceae, Petiveriaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Portulacaceae, Basellaceae. 22': 1-80. Rosales: Podostemonaceae, Crassulaceae, Penthoraceae, Parnas- siaceae. 22°: 81-191. Saxifragaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Cunoniaceae, Itea- ceae, Pterostemonaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae. 22°: 193-292. Grossulariaceae, Platanaceae, Crossosomataceae, Connar- aceae, Calycanthaceae, Rosaceae (pars). 224: 293-388. 225: 389-480. 228: 481-560. Rosaceae (pars). 231: 1-76. 23?: 77-136. 23%: 137-194. (Rosales:) Mimosaceae. 234: 195- 268. Krameriaceae, Caesalpiniaceae (pars). 235: 269-349. Caesalpini- aceae (pars). 24!: 1-64. 24%: 65-136. 24%: 137-200. 24*: 201-250. 24°: 251-314. 248: 315-378. 247: 379-462. (Rosales:) Fabaceae (pars). 25!; 1-87. Geraniales: Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Linaceae, 25%: 89-171. ‘Tropaeolaceae, Balsaminaceae, Limnanthaceae, Koeberlini- aceae, Zygophyllaceae, Malpighiaceae. 25%: 173-261. Rutaceae, Surian- aceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae. 254: 263-326. Meliaceae, Trigoni- aceae. Polygalales: Vochyaceae, Polygalaceae (pars). 25°: 327-383. Polygalaceae (pars), Dichapetalaceae. 29!: 1-102. Ericales: Clethraceae, Monotropaceae, Lennoaceae, Pyrolaceae, Ericaceae. 297: 103-192. Asclepiadales: Apocynaceae. 321: 1-86. 327: 87-158. 32%: 159-228. 324: 229-300. Rubiales: Rubiaceae (pars). 32A!: 1-134. Campanulales: Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae. 331: 1-110. Carduales: Ambrosiaceae, Carduaceae (pars). 341: 1-80. 34%: 81-180. 34°: 181-288. 34!: 289-360. (Carduales:) Car- duaceae (pars). LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA, VOLUME 28B PART 2 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA UMBELLIFERAE (PARS) MiLpRED E. Matuias AND LINCOLN CONSTANCE CORNALES CORNACEAE, NYSSACEAE HAROLD WILLIAM RICKETT BIBLIOGRAPHY HAROLD WILLIAM RICKETT INDEX : q 4 q 4 : \ —— a >: a ee Subscription Price, $4.75 Separate Copies, $6.35 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN December 28, 1945 ANNOUNCEMENT NortH AMERICAN FLora is designed to present in one work descriptions of all plants growing, independent of cultivation, in North America, here taken to include Greenland, Central America, the Republic of Panama, and the West Indies, except Trinidad, Tobago, and Curagao and other islands off the north coast of Venezuela, whose flora is essentially South American. The work will be published in parts at irregular intervals, by the New York Botanical Garden, through the aid of the income of the David Lydig Fund bequeathed by Charles P. Daly. It is planned to issue parts as rapidly as they can be prepared, the extent of the work making it possible to commence publication at any number of points. ‘The completed work will form a series of volumes with the following sequenice: Volume 1. Myxomycetes, Schizophyta. Volumes 2 to 10. Fungi. Volumes 11 to 13. Algae. Volumes 14 and 15. Bryophyta. Volume 16. Pteridophyta and Gymuospermae. Volumes 17 to 19. Monocotyledones. Volumes 20 to 34. Dicotyledones. The preparation of the work has been referred to a committee consist- ing of Dr. H. A. Gleason, Dr. H. W. Rickett, and Dr. Fred J. Seaver. Dr. Francis W. Pennell, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, and Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States National Herbarium, have consented to act as an advisory committee. Each author will be wholly responsible for his own contributions, being restricted only by the general style adopted for the work, which must vary somewhat in the treatment of diverse groups. NortH AMERICAN FLora is published in parts of variable size; it is ex- pected that four or more parts will be required for each volume. ‘The sub- scription price for all parts published prior to 1936 is fixed at $1.50 for each part; for later parts it is.approximately two cents per page. A limited number of separate parts will be sold at an advance of a third above the subscription price. THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN NEW YORK 58, N. Y. i : § r 7 Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 161 TYPE Locatity: ‘‘ Buenos Ayres,’”’ Argentina, Tweedie. it i DISTRIBUTION: Virginia and North Carolina to Arkansas and Louisiana; South America. (Palmer 29,702.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 24: 49. nes 7 Gr); Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: pl. 48; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 124 (fr.); Jour. Linn. Soc. 47 5. Lilaeopsis recurva A. W. Hill, Jour. Linn Soc. 47: 535. 1927. Lilaeopsis Schaffneriana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48, as to Arizona specimens. 1897. Not Crantzia Schaffneriana Schlecht. 1854. Leaves linear to filiform, terete, 2-24 cm. long, 0.5—3 mm. broad; peduncles 1.5—6 cm. long, shorter than the leaves; umbels 6—8-flowered; pedicels slender, recurved, pendulous, 5-15 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, all the ribs rounded. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Cruz Valley near Tucson, Arizona, Pringle. DIstTRIBUTION: Arizona (Lemmon 2895). ILLUSTRATION: Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: pl. 19, f. 5, 6 (fr.). 62. DAUCOSMA Engelm. & Gray; A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 210. 1850. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous annuals, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately dissected, the ultimate divisions lanceo- late, laciniate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, somewhat callous-roughened above, longer than the leaves. Involucre conspicuously pinnately parted, equaling or longer than the rays, Involucel of bractlets like the bracts, equaling or longer than the pedicels. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with an elongate, broad, 2-lobed, inflexed apex; calyx-teeth conspicuous, subulate; styles slender, reflexed, longer than the conic stylo- podium. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid-oblong, flattened laterally, glabrous; dorsal ribs broad and low, the lateral prominent, forming a prominent acute ridge around the fruit; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete or slightly flattened dorsally, the face plane. Type species, Daucosma laciniatum Engelm. & Gray. 1. Daucosma laciniatum Engelm. & Gray; A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 211. 1850. Discopleura laciniata Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 420. 1878. Ptilimnium laciniatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 269. 1891. Plants 9-12 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5-10 cm. long, 4.5-11 cm. broad, the ultimate segments 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-12 mm. broad; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; peduncles 1.5—10 em. long; rays 14-17, 2-5 cm. long; pedicels about 20, 3-9 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ High valleys near New Braunfels and on the Upper Guadaloupe, Texas, covering large patches of moist prairie land, and along the margin of thickets,” Lindheimer 404. DISTRIBUTION: Western Texas (Heller 1943, Lindheimer 834). 63. PTILIMNIUM Raf. Am. Month. Mag.4:192. 1819 (hyponym); Neog.1:2. 1825. Discopleura DC. Coll. Mém, 5:38. 1829. Harperia Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 29: 441. 1905. Not Harperia Fitzgerald, 1904. Harperella Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19:96. 1906. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous annuals, from fascicles of fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately decompound with filiform ultimate divisions, or the leaves reduced to fistulose petioles. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary, Involucre of conspicuous or inconspicu- ous, entire or pinnatifid bracts. Involucel of conspicuous or inconspicuous, entire bractlets. Rays few to numerous, spreading-ascending to spreading. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth small or prominent; styles spreading 162 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, to reflexed, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore bifid at the apex to 2-cleft about one-half of its length. Fruit ovoid to suborbicular, flattened laterally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, rounded or acute, the lateral small to winged and corky, forming a band around the fruit; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Ammi capillaceum Michx. (Plilimnium capillaceum Raf.). Leaves reduced to fistulose petioles; involucre and involucel inconspicuous. Plants tall, 5.5-10.5 dm. high; umbels 6—15-rayed; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; Georgia. Plants low, 1.5—4.5 dm. high; umbels 3—7-rayed; pedicels 1-3 mm. long. Umbellets 6—15-flowered; lateral ribs inconspicuous; Alabama. Umbellets 2—8-flowered ; lateral ribs forming a conspicuous band about the fruit; Maryland and Virginia. 3. P. viviparum. Leaves not reduced to fistulose petioles, the blades pinnately decompound; in- volucre and involucel conspicuous. Involucral bracts usually cleft; styles shorter than the stylopodium; calyx- teeth small, deltoid. 4. P. capillaceum. Involucral bracts mostly entire; styles equaling to greatly exceeding the stylopodium; calyx-teeth large, lanceolate-acuminate. Leaf-segments verticillate, crowded; leaves always petiolate; lateral ribs 1. P. nodosum. ° is) . P. fluviatilis. forming a conspicuous band around the fruit. 5. P. costatum. Leaf-segments not verticillate, not crowded; leaves usually sessile or very short petiolate; lateral ribs inconspicuous. 6. P. Nuttallii. 1. Ptilimnium nodosum (Rose) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Har peria nodosa Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 29: 441. 1905. Harperella nodosa Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 19: 96. 1906. Carum nodosum K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 199. 1916. Plants 5.5-10.5 dm. high, the stems fluted; leaves reduced to fistulose petioles, 18-38 em. long, 5 mm. broad; peduncles 1-6.5 cm. long; involucre of a few small, lanceolate, entire bracts; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts, much shorter than the pedicels; rays 6-15, spreading, subequal, 1-2.2 cm. long; pedicels 10-15, 3-6 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous, lanceolate, acuminate; petals acuminate, anthers rose-colored; styles more than twice as long as the stylopodium; carpophore bifid at the apex; fruit ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, the ribs subequal, the lateral with small corky appendages. TYPE LocaALity: ‘‘Shallow exsiccated pond near Ellaville, Schley County, Georgia,’ Harper 1411. DisTRIBUTION: Georgia (Harper 2220). ILLUSTRATION: Proc, U. S. Nat: Mus. 29: fl. 3. 2. Ptilimnium fluviatilis (Rose) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Harperella fluviatilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 290. 1911, Plants 3-4 dm. high; leaves reduced to fistulose petioles, 5-15 cm. long, 1-3 mm. broad; peduncles 1—2.5 cm. long; involucre of minute bracts, or wanting; involucel of minute bractlets; rays 5-7, spreading, subequal, 5-10 mm. long; pedicels 6-15, about 2 mm. long; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acuminate, exceeding the stylopodium; petals acuminate; anthers pale (?); styles more than twice as long as the stylopodium; carpophore bifid at the apex; fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, the ribs subequal, the lateral with a narrow corky appendage. ives LOCALITY: ‘Town Creek, Sand Mountains, near Chavres, Dekalb County, Alabama,” Harper 8. DistRiIBUTION: Alabama (Harper 14, 3097, 3100, 3530). 3. Ptilimnium viviparum (Rose) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 244. 1936. Harperella vivipara Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 290. 1911. Carum viviparum K.-Pol. Bull, Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 199. 1916. Plants 1.5—4.5 dm. high; leaves reduced to fistulose petioles, about 7 cm. long, about 2 mm. broad; peduncles 1-5 em. long; involucre of very short, lanceolate, acute bracts; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts; rays 3-7, spreading, subequal, 4-10 mm. long; pedicels 2-8, 1-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous, deltoid; petals acuminate; anthers light brown (in dried specimens) ; styles longer than the stylopodium; carpophore 2-cleft to below the middle; fruit Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 163 ovoid, 1.5—2 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. broad, the lateral ribs corky-thickened, forming a rather conspicuous band around the fruit. TPE Locatity: ‘“‘Near Hancock, Maryland,” Rose. DistripuTion: Maryland and West Virginia to Virginia (Shreve & Jones 746). 4. Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 1: 217. 1830. Ammi majus ? Walt. Fl. Car. 113. 1788. Not A. majusL. 1753. Ammi capillacewm Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 164, 1803. Ammi rubricaule Hornem. Hort. Hafn, 272. 1813. Ammi junceum Raf. Neog. 1: 2. 1825. (Nomen nudum.) Discopleura capillacea DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 38. 1829. Ptilimnium junceum Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 217. 1830. Aethusa capillacea Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4: 106, as syn. 1830. Discopleura juncea Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 520. 1840. Discopleura major B.S. P. Prel. Cat. 22. 1888. Plants 1-8.5 dm. high; leaves verticillate at the nodes, polymorphic in submerged forms, broadly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-13 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, pin- nately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, 5-30 mm. long, 0.25—1 mm. broad; petioles obsolete to 1.5 em. long, entirely winged-sheathing; peduncles 2.5—10.5 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; involucre of several pinnately cleft or rarely entire bracts about one-half as long as the rays; involucel of filiform entire bractlets shorter than the pedicels; rays 4-20, spreading, sub- equal, 1-3.5 em. long; pedicels 5-20, 3-12 (usually 4-6) mm. long; petals acute; calyx-teeth small, deltoid, persistent; anthers ieee styles short, about equaling the stylopodium; fruit broadly ovoid, 1.5-3 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad, the lateral ribs conspicuous. Type Loca.ity: ‘“‘In campestribus Carolinae,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Massachusetts to Florida, west to Missouri, Kansas, and Texas (Curtiss 4341, Heller 1150). ILLustTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 8; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1860; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 107 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 117 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 657. 5. Ptilimnium costatum (Ell.) Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 217. 1830. Ammi costatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 350. 1817. Discopleura capillacea var. costata DC. Coll. Mém. 5:39. 1829. Discopleura costata Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.1: 520. 1840. Ptilimnium missouriense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 444. 1909, Plants 8-15 dm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5-14 cm. long, 2-7 ecm. broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, acute, 3-8 mm. long, 0.2-1 mm. broad, crowded, appearing verticillate; petioles 0.5—3 cm. long, entirely sheath- ing, unwinged; peduncles 7-14 cm. long, exceeding the leaves; involucre of very short, usually entire bracts; involucel’ of entire bractlets shorter than the pedicels; rays about 20, spreading, subequal, 1.5—4 cm. long; pedicels 15-20, spreading, 4-5 mm. long; petals acuminate; calyx- teeth conspicuous, deltoid, acute to subacuminate, persistent; styles elongate, usually more than twice the length of the conic stylopodium; anthers rose-colored; fruit ovoid, 2-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Swamps along the margin of the Ogeechee River, Mount Prosper,”’ Elliott? Pou North Carolina and Georgia, west to Missouri and Texas (Harper 770, Palmer ILLUSTRATION: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 8, f. B (fr.). 6. Ptilimnium Nuttallii (DC.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 244. 1894. ? Peucedanum verticillatum Raf. Fl. Iuidov. 81. 1817. Discopleura Nuttallii DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39. 1829. Cicuta capillacea Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 39, assyn. 1829. Discopleura capillacea var. Nuttallii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 292. 1887. Plants 3-6 dm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, 3-9 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, pin- nately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, acute, elongate, 10-60 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, not verticillate; petioles short, up to 1 cm. long; peduncles 4-12 cm. long; involucre of filiform, mostly entire bracts much shorter than the rays; involucel of filiform entire bractlets 164 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, shorter than the pedicels; rays 25-30, spreading, subequal, 1.5—3.5 cm. long; pedicels 25-30, spreading, 3-8 mm. long; petals acute; calyx-teeth conspicuous, linear-lanceolate, persistent; anthers purple or purplish-tinged; styles longer than the stylopodium; fruit ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, the lateral ribs inconspicuous, only slightly corky-thickened. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In America boreali ad Red River,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Illinois to Louisiana, west to Kansas and Texas (Hall 248, Palmer 32,423). ILLustTRaTIoNns: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 9; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed, 2. 2: 657. Ptilimnium texense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12:445. 1909. Plants so described. seem to be of hybrid origin, the parental stocks being P. capillacewm and P. Nuttallii. ‘Typ Lo- caLity: Near Hockley, Texas, F. W. Thurow. 64. CYNOSCIADIUM DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 44. 1829. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, more or less dichotomously branching in the inflo- rescence, glabrous annuals, from a fascicle of fibrous roots. Basal leaves petiolate, membra- naceous, entire and septate; cauline leaves palmately parted with narrow, elongate divisions. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles axillary and terminal. Involucre wanting, or of a few linear bracts. Involucel wanting, or of a few linear bractlets shorter than the pedicels. Rays few, unequal, spreading-ascending. Pedicels few, spreading- ascending. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrow inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, ovate; styles very short with divergent tips, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore merely notched at the apex. Fruit ovoid, prominently beaked at the apex, rounded at the base, slightly flattened laterally or subterete, glabrous; dorsal ribs narrow, prominent, the lateral broadly corky-winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Cynosciadium digitatum DC. 1. Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Coll. Mém. 5:45. 1829. Oenanthe digitata Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 45, as syn. 1829. Plants 15 cm. high; basal leaves linear-lanceolate, acute at the apex, tapering at the base, 5-12 em. long, 2-5 mm. broad; petioles sheathing throughout, 5—15 mm. long; divisions of the cauline leaves 3-5, linear-lanceolate to linear, 3.5—-12 cm. long, 1-6 mm. broad, acute, tapering at the base; peduncles 1.5—8 cm. long; rays 2-10, slender, 1-4 cm. long, or some umbellets fre- quently sessile or proliferating; pedicels 2-11, 5—20 mm. long; fruit 2-3 mm. long, 1.5—2.5 mm. broad. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Aux environs du fleuve Arkansa,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Missouri to eastern Texas (Demaree 15,204, Hall 255, Reverchon 376). InLustTRatTIons: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 11, f. A; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 101. 65. LIMNOSCIADIUM Math. & Const. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 162. 1941. Low and diffuse to erect, slender, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous annuals, from a fascicle of fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, entire and septate, or pinnate with narrow, elongate divisions. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence more or less dichotomously branching, of loose compound umbels; peduncles axillary and terminal, or some umbels sessile. Involucre wanting, or of several narrow, entire bracts. Involucel of several narrow, entire bractlets shorter than the pedicels. Rays few, unequal, spreading-ascending. Pedicels few, spreading. Flowers white; petals oval to obovate, without an inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, ovate- lanceolate; styles very short with divergent tips, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore shortly bifid at the apex. Fruit oblong-oval to orbicular, rounded at apex and base, slightly flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the laterals broadly corky-winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Cynosciadium pinnatum DC. (Limnosciadium pinnatum Math. & Const.). Plants erect or assurgent; calyx-teeth 0.5 mm. or less long, attached well below and shorter than the stylopodium; fruit oblong-oval, 2-4 mm. long, 1—2 mm. broad. 1. L. pinnatum. Plants low and diffuse; calyx-teeth up to 1.5 mm. long, attached shortly below and equaling the stylopodium; fruit oval to orbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 2mm. broad. 2. L. pumilum. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 165 1. Limnosciadium pinnatum (DC.) Math. & Const. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 162. 1941. Cynosciadium pinnatum DC, Coll. Mém. 5: 45. 1829. Aethusa pinnata Nutt.; DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 45, as syn. 1829. Oenanthe pinnata K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 130. 1916. Plants erect or assurgent, 1-8 dm. high; basal leaves linear-lanceolate, acute at the apex, tapering at the base, 5-20 cm. long, 3-25 mm. broad, entire and septate, or pinnate, the ter- minal division elongate; petioles 1.5—10 cm. long; cauline leaves pinnate, or the lowest and upper- most entire, with 2-9 linear to linear-lanceolate divisions 3-10 cm. long, 1-6 mm. broad, acute at both ends; peduncles 1-8 em. long, or some umbels sessile; involucre of several linear or linear-lanceolate, reflexed bracts, 2-6 mm. long; involucel of several linear bractlets 1-5 mm. long; rays 3-12, slender, 5-35 mm. long; pedicels 4-20, 2-8 mm. long; calyx-teeth 0.5 mm. or less long, attached well below and shorter than the stylopodium; fruit oblong-oval, 2-4 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs low, the lateral corky wings slightly broader. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Aux environs du fleuve Arkansa,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Missouri and Kansas, south to northern and central-eastern Texas (Palmer 2406, Reverchon 1019). ILLusTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 11, f. B; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 15, f. 103 (fr.); Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 120 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 646; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 597. 2. Limnosciadium pumilum (Engelm. & Gray) Math. & Const. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 162. 1941. Cynosciadium pinnatum var. pumilum Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 218. 1845. Cynosciadium pumilum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 121. 1900. Oenanthe pumila K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. II. 29: 130. 1916. Plants low and diffuse, 0.5-4 dm. high or long; basal leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute at the apex, tapering at the base, 2-8 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, entire and septate, or pinnate, the terminal division elongate; petioles 2-7 cm. long; cauline leaves pinnate or entire, with 3-7 filiform to lanceolate divisions 3-7 cm. long, 1-8 mm. broad, acute at the apex, tapering at the base; peduncles 0.5—7.5 cm. long, or frequently some umbels sessile; involucre of a few minute linear bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear to linear-lanceolate bractlets 2-4 mm. long; rays 3-8, slender, 1-5 cm. long; pedicels several, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth up to 1.5 mm. long, attached shortly below and about equaling the stylopodium; fruit oval to orbicu- lar, 2-3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral wings broad and corky. TYPE LOCALITY: Prairies, Galveston, Texas, Lindheimer. DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Texas (Heller 1409, Palmer 11,261). 66. COAXANA Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 297. 1895. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous and glaucous perennials. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately, ternate-pinnately, or pinnately compound with broad, serrate to incised leaflets. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre of a single foliaceous bract, or wanting. Involucel of conspicuous toothed bractlets longer than the fruit, or wanting. Rays slender, spreading- ascending. Pedicels slender to obsolete, spreading-ascending. Flowers purplish; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender, recurved, the stylopodium conic. Fruit oblong-oval, flattened laterally, glabrous; one or two of the dorsal and the two lateral ribs conspicuously thin-winged; oil-tubes several in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, the face slightly concave. Type species, Coaxana purpurea Coult. & Rose. Involucel of conspicuous bractlets longer than the flowers; fertile pedicels 5 mm. long. ; : : 1. C. purpurea. Involucel wanting; fertile pedicels very short or obsolete. 2. C. ebracteata. 1. Coaxana purpurea Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 297. 1895. Plants 3-18 dm. high, often more or less purplish throughout; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 3-ternate or bipinnate, the leaflets sharply doubly 166 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, serrate with spinulose teeth and somewhat incised, paler and reticulate beneath; petioles slender, 1-3 dm. long; cauline leaves reduced upward, with conspicuously inflated sheaths; peduncles 5—20 cm. long; involucre of a leaflike bract 3-4 cm. long, or wanting; involucel of several oblanceolate, toothed bractlets, 10-25 mm. long; rays 8-20, subequal to unequal, 3—5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 5 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 4-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: On southwest side of summit of Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, 10,000-11,000 feet, Nelson 6406. r DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca to Guatemala (Steyermark 34,691, 35,741). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 5. 2. Coaxana ebracteata Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: 337. 1905.* Plants about 6 dm. high; cauline leaves 2-ternate, the leaflets ovate, sharply serrate and more or less cleft, with conspicuously inflated, scarious sheaths; peduncles 7-8 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 3-4 cm. long; fertile pedicels short or obsolete, the sterile slender. Typ LOCALITY: Between Hurtztan and Oxchuc, Chiapas, C. & E. Seley 2148. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 67. COULTEROPHYTUM B. L. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 27: 168. 1892. : Tall, erect, herbaceous or woody, caulescent, branching, pubescent perennials. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, the upper opposite, ternately or pinnately compound, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, crenate to serrate. Petioles sheathing, inflated. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre wanting or inconspicuous. Involucel of several small, linear bractlets. Rays rather few, spreading to reflexed. Pedicels spreading. Flowers purple; calyx-teeth minute, deciduous; styles short, erect or spreading, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2- or 4-cleft to the base. Fruit clavate to obovoid, slightly flattened laterally or subterete, glabrous or puberulent, contracted below the seed to form a short, winged, stipe-like base; ribs filiform and prominent or short-winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, about 4 on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, some- times sulcate under the tubes, the face concave. Type species, Coulterophytum laxum B. 1. Robinson. Stems more or less woody; pedicels slender, 3-8 mm. long; carpophore 2-parted. Leaves densely cinereous-puberulent beneath. 1. C. Holwayi. Leaves sparsely puberulent on the nerves and veins beneath. Leaflets crenate-apiculate; peduncles 6-12 cm. long; umbellets 5—15- flowered; mature fruit puberulent. 2. C. pubescens. Leaflets serrate-apiculate; peduncles 1—-6.5 cm. long; umbellets 15—20- flowered; mature fruit glabrous. Plants 9-12 dm. high; petioles 15-18 cm. long; fruit obovoid, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, the contracted base 1-2 mm. long. 3. C. macrophyllum. Plants 15-30 dm. high; petioles 3-8 cm. long; fruit clavate, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the contracted base 3-5 mm. long. 4. C. laxum. Stems herbaceous; pedicels stout, 1-2 mm. long; carpophore 4-parted. 5. C. brevipes. 1. Coulterophytum Holwayi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 336. 1905. Plants tall, woody and about 2 cm. thick at the base, glabrous; leaves ovate in general out- line, excluding the petioles 3-4 dm. long, 3 dm. broad, ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, long-acuminate at the apex, cuneate to broadly cordate at the base, serrate-apiculate, sparsely puberulent on the veins above and densely cinereous-puberulent below; peduncles 3.5—5 or 8 cm. long; involucre usually wanting, rarely of a solitary bract; involucel of several linear bractlets shorter than the pedicels; rays 11-17, spreading to somewhat reflexed, subequal, 12-40 mm. long, puberulent; fertile pedicels 5-15, * As ‘“‘Oaxacana”’; corrected in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 10: 337. 1906. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 167 4-6 mm. long, puberulent; ovary puberulent; carpophore 2-parted; immature fruit 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, puberulent, the contracted base 2 mm. long. Typr LocaLity: Near Tapotlan, Jalisco, Holway 5138. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco to Michoac4n (Leavenworth 566). 2. Coulterophytum pubescens Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 157. 1900. Plants 12-18 dm. high, woody but weak, glabrous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3 dm. or more long, bipinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, acuminate at the apex, oblique at the base, crenate-apiculate, sparsely puberulent on the veins above, more densely so beneath; peduncles 6-12 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets shorter than the pedicels; rays 14-20, spreading, subequal, 12-40 mm. long, puberulent; fertile pedicels 1-9, puberulent; ovary densely puberulent; carpophore 2-parted; fruit clavate, 9-11 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, puberulent, the contracted base 3—4 mm. long. TYPE LoOcALity: “On the tableland between Colotlan and Bolanos,’’ Jalisco, Rose 2863. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 3. Coulterophytum macrophyllum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 156. 1900. Plants 9-12 dm. high, woody, the branches dying back annually, glabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—4 dm. or more long, about 3 dm. broad, 2- or 3-pin- nate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 cm. long, 2-7 cm. broad, acuminate at the apex, rounded to somewhat oblique at the base, irregularly serrate-apiculate, glabrous to sparsely hirtellous or granular-roughened on the veins; petioles scarious-winged, 15-18 cm. long; peduncles 1—-6.5 cm. long; involucre of 1—2 linear, scarious-margined, acute, puberulent bracts, shorter than the rays; involucel of several bractlets like the bracts but usually glabrous, shorter than the pedicels; rays about 20, spreading to reflexed, subequal, 10-30 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely puberulent; fertile pedicels 3-8, 3—5 mm. long, usually glabrous; carpophore 2-parted; ovary glabrous; fruit obovoid, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, glabrous, the con- tracted base 1-2 mm. long. Type Loca.ity: “In the foothills of the Sierra Madre between Acaponeta and Pedro Paulo,” Tepic (Nayarit), Rose 1937. DIstTRIBUTION: Sinaloa to Nayarit (Rose 1936). 4. Coulterophytum laxum B. I,. Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 27: 169. 1892. Plants 15-30 dm. high, woody and about 2.5 cm. thick at the base, glabrous; leaves ovate- deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—4 dm. long, 2.5—4.5 dm. broad, 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 1.5—4.5 cm. broad, acute to acuminate at the apex, narrowed, rounded, or oblique at the base, serrate-apiculate, hirtellous on the veins; petioles scarious-winged, 3-8 cm. long; peduncles 1.5-6 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1-several short filiform bracts, shorter than the rays; involucel of several filiform, scarious- margined, hirtellous bractlets, shorter than the fertile flowers; rays 12—20, spreading to rarely reflexed, subequal, 15-30 mm. long, hirtellous; fertile pedicels 2-8, 3-5 mm. long, usually glabrous; ovary somewhat hirtellous; carpophore 2-parted; fruit clavate, 8-12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the contracted base 3—5 mm. long. Type Locatity: “Bluffs of barranca near Guadalajara,” Jalisco, Pringle 3831. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco (Pringle 9810). ILLUSTRATION: E, &. P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 216 (fr.). 5. Coulterophytum brevipes Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1:157. 1900. Plants herbaceous, 9-15 dm. high, pubescent in the foliage; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-6 dm. long, about 4 dm. broad, 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate 168 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, to lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, serrate-apiculate, sparsely puberulent on the veins and finely ciliate; peduncles 6-9 cm. long; involucre usually wanting; involucel usually wanting; rays 17-24, spreading to reflexed, subequal, 25-45 mm. long, glabrous; fertile pedi- cels 2-8, stout, 1-2 mm. long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; carpophore 4-parted; fruit 10-13 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the contracted base 2-3 mm. long. TYPE LocaLity: ‘Bluffs of barranca above Cuernavaca,”’ Morelos, Pringle 6390. DIsTRIBUTION: Morelos (Lyonnet 998, Pringle 6857, 11,997). 68. OREOXIS Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 1: 217. 1830. Low, cespitose, herbaceous, acaulescent, glabrous to pubescent perennials, from slender, elongate roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnate or bipinnate, the ultimate divi- sions linear, acute, 1-30 mm. long, 0.5-4 mm. broad. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of subcompact compound umbels; peduncles terminal, often spreading, exceeding the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel usually dimidiate, the bractlets linear to obovate, membranaceous, entire or toothed, usually equaling or exceeding the flowers. Rays few, short, spreading. Pedicels spreading, short to obsolete. Flowers yellow or whitish; petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore wanting. Fruit oblong to ovoid-oblong, slightly flattened laterally, slightly pubescent or glabrous, the ribs subequal or the lateral broader than the dorsal, corky- winged, the wings broadly linear to subovate in cross section, narrower than the body; oil-tubes small, solitary to several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure; seed slightly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave; strengthening cells at the base of the wings. Type species, Oreoxis humilis Raf. Bractlets linear, entire, green. Plants puberulent; wings of the fruit subovate in cross section. . alpina. ero) Plants glabrous or nearly so; wings of the fruit broadly linear in cross section. 2. O. humilis. Bractlets obovate, toothed at the apex, usually purplish. 3. O. Bakeri. 1. Oreoxis alpina (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 144. 1900. Cymoplerus alpinus A. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II. 33: 408, 1862. Plants 1-17 cm. high, puberulent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-50 mm. long, 3-15 mm. broad, 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions mostly distinct, 2-30 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; petioles 1-7 em. long; peduncles 0.5-15 cm. long; involucre occasionally of an inconspicuous linear bract; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets linear, 2-5 mm. long, usually ciliate; rays 3-6, 2-7 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, boat-shaped, 3-6 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, glabrous when mature but pubescent when young, the wings obovate, narrowed at the base, acuminate to obtuse at the apex in cross section; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. Typgk LocaLity: ‘From the head-waters of Clear Creek, and the alpine ridges lying east of ‘Middle Park,’’’ Colorado, Parry 158. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains, Wyoming and central Colorado to northern New Mexico and eastern Utah to northeastern Arizona (Baker 847, Hall & Harbour 213). ILLUSTRATIONS: Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 11 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 6; pl. 29, f. 1. 2. Oreoxis humilis Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe, 1: 217. 1830. Cymopterus humilis Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 325. 1941. Plants 2-15 cm. high, the base of the umbel and the inflorescence occasionally puberulent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—45 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, 1—2- pinnate, the ultimate divisions mostly distinct, 2-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; petioles 1—4.5 em. long; peduncles 1-13 cm. long; involucre rarely of an inconspicuous linear bract; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets linear, 3-5 mm. long; rays 3-9, 2-5 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, somewhat boat-shaped, 3-5 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings broadly Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 169 linear, usually rounded at the apex in cross section, the lateral broader than the dorsal; oil-tubes 1-3, usually 3, in the intervals, 3-6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky Mountains, Colorado, James. DISTRIBUTION: Alpine, region of Pikes Peak, Colorado (Clements & Clements 435, Letterman 177). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 143 (fr). 3. Oreoxis Bakeri Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 144. 1900. Cymopterus Bakeri M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 28. 1908. Plants 1—-12.5 cm. high, the base of the umbels and the rays slightly puberulent; leaves nar- rowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-50 mm. long, 3-20 mm. broad, usually 2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions more or less distinct, sometimes mucronulate, 1—7 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad; petioles 0.5-4 cm. long; peduncles 1-11 cm. long; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets obovate, usually 3-toothed at the apex, 3-5 mm. long, greenish or purplish; rays 3-8, 3-5 mm. long; flowers yellow or whitish; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 2—3.5 mm. broad, usually purplish, the wings mostly linear, rounded to subacute at the apex in cross section; oil- tubes 3—4 in the intervals, 5-10 on the commissure. TYPE Locatity: “High, bald summits, mountains near Pagosa Peak, Colorado,” C. F. Baker 12. DistTRiBuTION: Mountains, southern Colorado and adjacent Utah and New Mexico (Baker 505, Payson 414). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 144 (fr.); Ann. Mo, Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 29, f. 2. 69. GLEHNIA F. Schmidt; Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3:61. Ja—Jl 1867. Phellopterus Benth, in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 905. S 1867. Not Phellopterus Nutt. 1840. Low, spreading or prostrate, herbaceous, subacaulescent, often branching, pubescent perennials, from stout taproots. Leaves petiolate, coriaceous, 1—2-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong-obovate or cuneate with cartilaginous crenate-dentate margins. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of subcompact compound umbels; peduncles terminal, spreading, shorter than or equaling the leaves. Involucre of a few narrow bracts, or wanting. Involucel of several conspicuous, lanceolate-attenuate bractlets. Rays few to numerous, spreading. Umbellets capitate, the pedicels hence obsolete. Flowers white; petals ovate-lanceolate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth inconspicuous; styles short, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid-oblong to glabrous, somewhat flattened dorsally, pubescent or glabrate; ribs all broadly corky-winged, subequal or the dorsal broader than the lateral, lanceolate in cross section, broadest at the base; oil-tubes large, several in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave; strengthening cells wanting. Type species, Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt. 1. Glehnia leiocarpa Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15:95. 1928. Cymoplerus ? littoralis A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 6: 391, 428, as to American specimens. 1859. (Nomen nudum.) Glehnia littoralis of American authors, not G. littoralis F. Schmidt, 1867. Phellopterus littoralis of American authors, not P. littoralis Benth. 1867. Plants low, prostrate or spreading; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-15 em. long, the leaflets 5-50 mm. long, 4-30 mm. broad, rounded to acute at the apex, hirtellous on the rachis and nerves above, mostly densely tomentose beneath; petioles 2.5—14 em. long, hirtellous; inflorescence densely villous; peduncles sometimes branched, usually shorter than the leaves; umbel globose to spreading; rays 5-13, 5-45 mm. long; fruit 4-12 mm. long, essentially glabrous, the lateral wings sometimes broader than the dorsal. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Sandy shores, Shoal Water Bay, Washington Territory,” J. G. Cooper. DISTRIBUTION: On sandy sea-coasts from Alaska to Mendocino County, California (Abrams 6140, Zeller & Zeller 963, Mathias 773). ; ELS EASTON Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 165 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15: pl. 17, f. 1-4; bl. 19, f. 2. 170 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 28p, 70. CYMOPTERUS Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 100. 1819. Coloptera Coult. & Rose, Rev, N. Am. Umbell. 20, 49. 1888. Bevo piers Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 166. 1900. Not Phellopterus Benth. Roser ohs Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 174. 1900. Coriophyllus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 49: 69. 1913. Epallageiton K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II, 29: 121. 1916. Low, herbaceous, acaulescent or subcaulescent, glabrous or pubescent perennials, from long, slender, thickened or fusiform taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous to subcoria- ceous or somewhat fleshy, green to pallid and glaucescent, ternate, digitate, pinnate, or bipin- nate to pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets or ultimate divisions variously toothed or lobed to entire, usually narrow. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of spreading, subcompact or globose, compound umbels; peduncles terminal, longer or shorter than the leaves. Involucre wanting or present, the bracts scarious or foliaceous. Involucel usually conspicuous, dimidiate, the bractlets foliaceous to scarious, obscure in those species with a capitate inflorescence. Rays few, spreading, or abortive. Pedicels spreading, slender to abortive. Flowers white, yellow or purple; petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth small or obsolete; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid to oblong, flattened dorsally, glabrous to pubescent; the lateral and usually one or more of the dorsal ribs broadly winged, the wings membranaceous to spongy-corky, broader or narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1—numerous in the intervals, 2—numerous on the commissure and sometimes solitary at the base of the wings; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face concave to sulcate; strengthening cells absent or present. Type species, Selinum acaule Pursh (Cymopterus acaulis Raf.). Rays obsolete, the umbels hence discoid; bractlets paleaceous. Pseudoscape absent; oil-tubes 2—numerous in the intervals. Foliage pubescent; fruit glabrous. 1. C. cinerarius. Foliage glabrous; fruit pubescent. Leaves ternate, the leaflets ternately lobed; fruit densely pubescent. 2. C. Ripleyi. Leaves ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed; fruit pubescent only on the commissure and wing-tips. Flowers white; fruit 7-10 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, the com- missural surface glabrous to puberulent; Arizona deserts. 3. C. megacephalus. Flowers purple; fruit 5-7 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, the com- missural surface scaly-tomentose; Mohave Desert, Cali- fornia. 4. C. deserticola. Pseudoscape present; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals. 5. C. globosus, Rays developed, 0.2—9 cm. long, the umbels hence subcompact to spreading, not discoid; bractlets not paleaceous. Bracts usually wanting, never scarious; bractlets conspicuous or incon- spicuous, occasionally scarious- -margined. Leaves somewhat fleshy or coriaceous (membranaceous in C. duches- nensis), pallid and glaucescent. Pseudoscape inconspicuous or absent, never fleshy, up to 2 cm. long. Leaves pinnate, ternate, or digitate, the leaflets lobed. Leaves orbicular-reniform to cordate-oblong, ternate or digitate. Leaflets shallowly lobed, the lobes trilobulate; fruit sessile; Utah. 6. C. basalticus. Leaflets deeply laciniately lobed, the lobes spinulose- dentate; fruit pedicellate; Death Valley region, Cali- fornia, and southern Nevada. 7. C. Gilmani. Leaves ovate-oblong to broadly elliptic, pinnate, or some- times ternate in C. duchesnensis. Bractlets green or purple, usually exceeding the flowers; fruit 4-12 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad; wings not corrugated. Pedicels obsolete; fruit-wings corky, constricted at the base, narrower than the body. 27. C. Newberryi. Pedicels evident; fruit-wings thin or spongy, not con- stricted, broader than the body. Umbels somewhat spreading, the rays 5-35 mm. long; flowers yellow or purple; oil-tubes 3-7 in the intervals. Plants more or less scaberulous; leaflets cori- aceous, shallowly dentate, the teeth 1—2 mm. long; fertile rays 3-4, 5-20 mm. long; pedicels 3-6 mm. long. 8. C. Rosei. Parr 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Plants glabrous; leaflets membranaceous, deeply dentate, the teeth 4-8 mm. long; fertile rays 6-10, 15-35 mm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long. Umbels subcompact, the rays 2-10 mm. long; flowers white; oil-tubes solitary in the in- tervals. Bractlets whitish, shorter than the flowers; fruit 3—5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; wings corrugated. Leaves ternate-pinnate or ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets dentate. Plants 3-8 cm. high, scabrous-puberulent throughout; flowers white; fruit 4-5 mm. long, about 3 mm, broad; Cedar Breaks, Utah. Plants 10-50 cm. high, glabrous or sparsely scaberulous on the leaves and peduncles; flowers yellow or purple; fruit 6-12 mm. long, 5-14 mm. broad, Flowers yellow or greenish-yellow; fruit ovoid-oblong or oblong, 6-12 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad; wings slightly or not at all inflated at the base, equaling or a little broader than the body; seed-face concave. Flowers purple; fruit broadly ovoid to ellipsoid, 10-12 mm. long, 10-14 mm. broad; wings conspicuously inflated at the base, several times the width of the body; seed-face deeply sulcate. Pseudoscape conspicuous, usually fleshy, up to 16 cm. long. Umbels subcompact; bractlets conspicuous. Peduncles shorter than or equaling the leaves; bracts usu- ally wanting; flowers white; central umbellet pedicellate. Peduncles exceeding the leaves; bracts present; flowers yellow; central umbellet sterile or sessile. Umbels spreading; bractlets inconspicuous, or if conspicuous, the involucre present. Bracts usually absent; bractlets short, inconspicuous. Plants essentially glabrous. Flowers purple; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; lateral wings equaling or narrower than the body; northwest- ern Colorado. Flowers white or yellow; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit oblong to ovoid-oblong, 4-10 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad; lateral wings equaling or broader than the body. Mature pseudoscape 1-7 cm. long; dried leaves finely wrinkled, appearing granulate-pubes- cent; flowers white; lateral wings about equal- ing the body; western Utah and eastern Nevada. Mature pseudoscape 5-16 cm. long; dried leaves smooth; flowers yellow, rarely white; lateral wings broader than the body; central Utah, adjacent Wyoming, Idaho, and Colorado. Plants scabrous-puberulent. Bracts present; bractlets conspicuous, linear-acuminate, elongate. : Leaves neither fleshy nor coriaceous, green to gray-green, not glauces- cent. Plants not cespitose; bractlets conspicuously foliaceous; pedicels obsolete or less than 1 mm. long; fruit-wings corky-spongy. Pseudoscape present; leaflets usually longer than broad. Peduncles shorter than or equaling the leaves; bracts usu- ally wanting; flowers usually white; central umbellet pedicellate. Peduncles exceeding the leaves; bracts present; flowers usually yellow; central umbellet sterile and sessile. Pseudoscape absent; leaflets usually broader than long. Plants cespitose; bractlets not foliaceous; fruiting pedicels evident, 2-13 mm. long; fruit-wings membranaceous. Plants glabrous. Leaves ovate-oblong to obovate, 1-14 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately decompound; rays 10-65 mim. long; fruit 6-10 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad; California. Leaf-divisions not remote, the ultimate divisions 1—5 mm. long; montane in the Death Valley region. Leaf-divisions remote, the ultimate divisions 3-20 mm. long; Mohave Desert. 10. 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 25. 2ilts 28. 28a. 171 C. duchesnensis. C. Coulteri. . C. corrugatus. . C. minimus. C. purpureus. . C. Jonesii. . C. acaulis. C. Fendleri. C. planosus. C. ibapensis. C. longipes. C. Watsont. C. glaucus. C. acaulis. C. Fendleri. C. Newberryi. C. panamintensis C. panamintensis var. acutifolius. 172 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Leaves narrowly oblong, 1—2.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate; rays less than 5 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. 31. C. humboldtensis. Plants hirtellous or rough-puberulent, at least in foliage. Leaves oblong, 10-45 mm. broad; fruit ovoid to oblong, 6-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, the wings about twice the width of the body. 29. C. aboriginum. Leaves narrowly oblong, 5-15 mm. broad; fruit ovoid, 3-6 mm. long and broad, the wings narrower than the body. Leaves 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets crowded; rays 1-17 mm. long. 30. C. bipinnatus. Leaves 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets not crowded; rays less than 5 mm. long. 32. C. nivalis. Bracts scarious, united, or sometimes absent; bractlets conspicuous, searious, usually prominently nerved and sometimes united. Mature peduncles shorter than or equaling the leaves; fruit-wings conspicuously enlarged at the base; Great Plains, South Dakota, and Wyoming to northern Texas and New Mexico. 20. C. montanus. Mature peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves; fruit-wings not conspicuously enlarged at the base. Bractlets lacerate-fringed at the apex; Texas. 21. C. macrorhizus,. Bractlets entire or obtusely lobed; Rocky Mountain region and southern Great Basin. Bractlets white or whitish, few-nerved; pedicels 3-12 mm. long. Umbels somewhat spreading, the rays 10-50 mm. long; fruit ovoid-oblong, the wings usually narrower than the body. 21. C. bulbosus. Umbels densely globose, the rays 4-10 mm. long; fruit ovoid, the wings twice to thrice the width of the body. 23. C. purpurascens. Bractlets purple or greenish-white, conspicuously many-nerved; pedicels less than 1 mm. long to obsolete. 24. C. multinervatus. 1. Cymopterus cinerarius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:535. 1866. Aulospermum cinerarium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 178. 1900. Plants acaulescent, 7-8 cm. high, a pseudoscape never developed; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—2.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 em. broad, bipinnate, glaucous, hirtellous to sparsely scaberulous, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, apiculate, mostly dis- tinct, 1-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; petioles 3-5 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre conspicuous, dimidiate, the bracts connate below the middle, frequently tridentate toward the apex, scarious-margined; involucel obscure; umbels compact, discoid, the rays and pedicels obsolete; fruit narrowly cuneate, about 6 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, the wings barely constricted at the base in cross section, subacute at the apex, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes small, 5-8 in the intervals, 6-10 on the commissure. Typr Locatty: ‘Dry hill, Sonora Pass, California, 10,100 feet alt.,”’ Brewer 1899. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains in the region of Mono Lake, and the Sweetwater Mountains, California and Nevada (Ferris 6735, Hoover 5545). IuLustRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 1; pl. 24, f. 15; pl. 45. 2. Cymopterus Ripleyi Barneby, Leafl. W. Bot. 3:81. 1941. Cymopterus Ripleyi var. saniculoides Barneby, Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 82. 1941. Plants acaulescent, 10-15 em. high, a pseudoscape never developed; leaves orbicular to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, ternate, the leaflets ternately lobed to near the base, cuneate, 15—20 mm. long, 20-25 mm. broad, the lobes trilobulate to occasionally incised, apiculate; petioles 3—9.5 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel dimidiate, of small, paleaceous bractlets; umbels compact, discoid, the rays and pedicels obsolete; flowers white or purple; fruit obovoid to cuneate, 6-7 mm. long, 3.5—5 mm. broad, scaly-tomentose on the commissural surface, pubescent with trans- lucent, multicellular hairs on the dorsal surface, the wings somewhat constricted at the base, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings reduced to three inconspicuous ridges; oil-tubes minute, 2 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. Typ LOCALITY: ‘In deep sand-dunes seven miles south of Callaway, in northeast Nye County,” Nevada, 5150 feet, Ripley & Barneby 3620. y SuiDreeersunron: Tincoln and Nye counties, southern Nevada (Ripley & Barneby 3429, 3728). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 173 3. Cymopterus megacephalus M. E. Jones, Zoe 2:14. 1891. Plants acaulescent, 10-15 cm. high, glabrous, a pseudoscape never developed; leaves oblong- ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-4 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, ternate-bipinnate, coriaceous, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes spinulose, confluent, 0.5—2 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad; petioles 5-7 em. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel obscure; umbels compact, discoid, the rays and pedicels obsolete; flowers white; fruit obovoid 7-10 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, glabrous to puberulent on the commissural surface, the wings somewhat constricted at the base, broader than the body, pubescent with multi- cellular hairs at the tips, the dorsal wing usually 1, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 4~7 in the intervals, 8 on the commissure. TyPE LocaLity: Little Colorado, northern Arizona, M. E. Jones, DISTRIBUTION: Northern Arizona (Peebles 11,807). InLustrRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 4; pl. 24, f. 17; pl. 46, f. 1. 4. Cymopterus deserticola Brand.; H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 168. 1915. Plants acaulescent, about 15 cm. high, glabrous, a pseudoscape never developed; leaves broadly oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2—6.5 cm. long, 2—9 cm. broad, ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes spinulose, apiculate, mostly distinct, 1-4 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; petioles 4-10 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel of paleaceous bractlets, or usually obsolete; umbels com- pact, discoid, the rays and pedicels obsolete; flowers purple; fruit oblong-ovoid to cuneate, 5-7 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, densely scaly-tomentose on the commissural surface, the wings barely constricted at the base, pubescent with multicellular hairs at the tips, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings reduced to 3 inconspicuous ridges or obsolete; oil-tubes 3-5 in the inter- vals, 12-17 on the commissure. TYPE LocALity: Kramer, Mohave Desert, California, K. Brandegee. DISTRIBUTION: Mohave Desert, California (Johnston 2304, Parish 9742). ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 3; pl. 24, f. 18; pl. 46, f. 2; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. 5. Cymopterus globosus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876. Cymopterus montanus var. globosus S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 124, in part. 1871. Plants subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 3-20 cm. high, glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-7 cm. long, 0.5—6 cm. broad, ternate-bipinnate or bipinnate, glaucous and somewhat coriaceous, the leaflets pinnately incised or lobed, the lobes minutely apiculate, confluent, 0.5-6 mm. long, 0.5—4 mm. broad; petioles 1-10 cm. long; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel of scarious, linear, paleaceous, entire bractlets shorter than the flowers; umbels compact, discoid, the rays and pedicels obsolete; flowers white or purple; fruit narrowly cuneate or abruptly constricted below the middle, 6-11 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, the wings occasionally somewhat constricted at the base, usually acute at the apex, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings usually 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes large, usually solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure, sometimes solitary in each wing. ‘TYPE LocaLity: Carson City, northern Nevada, 5000 feet, Watson 449. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah and Nevada to eastern California (Jones 3885, Mathias 1248). InLustRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 2; pl. 24, f. 16} pl. 47, f. 1. 6. Cymopterus basalticus M. EF. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:16. 1908. Coriophyllus basalticus Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 620, 1064. 1917. Aulospermum basalticum Tidestrom, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 25: 397. 1925. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of an inconspicuous pseudo- scape, 6-12 cm. high, glabrous, bluish-glaucous throughout; leaves ovate-oblong in general 174 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLumE 28p, outline, excluding the petioles 0.5-3 cm. long, 1.5—3.5 cm. broad, reniform to cordate-oblong, ternate or digitate, the leaflets shallowly lobed, cuneate to obovate, more or less confluent, the lobes trilobulate; petioles 1-5 cm. long; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, 3-10 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 linear-attenuate, subscarious bracts; involucel conspicuous, dimidiate, of several linear to obovate, attenuate, subscarious bractlets, entire or lacerate toward the apex, usually equaling or exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 7-14, spreading to reflexed, stout, 5-17 mm. long; pedicels obsolete; flowers yellow or purplish; fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings slightly enlarged toward the base, the dorsal wing usually one; oil-tubes 6—8 in the intervals, 8-10 on the commissure, usually 1 in the wing-base; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Half-way station west of WaWa, Utah, 7000 feet alt.,”’ M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah and adjacent Nevada (Harrison 6370). 7. Cymopterus Gilmani Morton, Jour. Wash. Acad. 25: 309. 1935. Plants subcaulescent from a fibrous base, with the development of an inconspicuous pseudo- scape, 12-23 em. high, glabrous, pallid and glaucescent; leaves orbicular-reniform in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-4.5 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. broad, reniform to cordate-oblong, ternate, the leaflets deeply laciniately lobed, obovate, distinct, the lobes spinulose-dentate; petioles 8-18 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel conspicu- ous, dimidiate, of several linear to lanceolate, attenuate, foliaceous bractlets about equaling the flowers; rays about 8, spreading, stout, 10-20 mm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; flowers pur- plish-white or purple; fruit broadly oval, 7-8 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, the wings either nar- rowed or broadened at the base, broader than the body, the dorsal wings 1 or 2, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 4-7 in the intervals, about 10 on the commissure, none in the wing-base. Type Loca.ity: ‘On cliffs along a north fork of Echo Canyon, Funeral Mountains, alt. 1200 m.,., California, Coville & Gilman 116. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains about Death Valley, California to southern Nevada (Gilman 3558, 3871, Clokey 8720). ILLUSTRATION: E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. 8. Cymopterus Rosei M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:17. 1908. Aulospermum Rosei M. E. Jones; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 179. 1900. Coriophyllus Rosei Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 70, 1913. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 7-15 cm.high; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 14.5 cm. long, 1.5—4.5 em. broad, pinnate, the leaflets usually remote, subcuneate, 10-25 mm. long, 20-25 mm. broad, entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes shallowly dentate, the teeth 1-2 mm. long, mucronulate, coriaceous, pallid, confluent, slightly roughened on the margins; petioles 1.5—5 cm. long, purplish; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 3-12 cm. long, more or less scaberulous; involucre wanting; involucel of triangular to linear, acuminate, green or purplish bractlets, about equaling the flowers; fertile rays 3-4, spreading, unequal, 5-20 mm. long, more or less scaberulous; pedicels 3-6 mm. long; flowers yellow or purple; fruit ovoid-oblong, 5-10 mm. long, 5—7 mm. broad, the wings not enlarged at the base, about twice as wide as the body; oil-tubes 3-7 in the intervals, 4—7 on the commissure; seed-face slightly to deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Richfield, Utah, M. E. Jones 30. DISTRIBUTION: South-central Utah (Jones 5422 g, 6338, Maguire 19,131). InLustRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 36; pl. 42, f. 2. 9. Cymopterus duchesnensis M. E. Jones, Contr. We Bots 13i2 225. TOO! Aulospermum duchesnense Tidestrom, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 25: 397. 1925. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of an inconspicuous pseudo- scape, 10-25 cm. high, glabrous; leaves broadly ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-9 em. long, 3-6.5 em. broad, pinnate or occasionally ternate, the leaflets membrana- ceous, pallid, glaucescent, cuneate to obovate, 15-40 mm. long, 10-45 mm. broad, ternately or Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 175 quinately lobed and deeply dentate at the apex, the teeth lanceolate to ovate, acute, mucronate, 4-8 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, distinct to confluent; petioles 3-10 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 5-20 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several conspicuous, distinct, linear bractlets, usually exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 6-10, spreading, 15-35 mm. long; pedicels 24 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid-oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, about twice as wide as the body; oil-tubes 3-7 in the intervals, 5-6 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. ae TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Among loose rocks on southern slopes of mesas,’’ Myton, Utah, 5000 feet, . E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Uinta Basin, Utah (Graham 7637, 7732, 8872). ILLustRatTions: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 34; pl. 42, f. 1. 10. Cymopterus Coulteri (M. E. Jones) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 382. 1930. Rhysopterus Jonesii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 186. 1900. Not Cymoplerus Jonesti Coult. & Rose, 1888. Cymopterus corrugatus var. Coulteri M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:19. 1908. Cymopterus corrugatus var. scopulicola M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14:39. 1912. Phellopterus Jonesii Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 619, 1064. 1917. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 4-10 cm. high, glabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—4+ cm. long, pinnate, the leaflets shallowly pinnately lobed, the lobes obtuse, 2—3-lobulate, apiculate, pallid, fleshy or coriaceous; peduncles usually slightly exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel of sub- scarious, purple, linear, entire bractlets, acute at the apex, usually exceeding the flowers; umbels subcompact, the rays several, unequal, 2-10 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid-oblong, 5-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings not constricted at the base, tapering gradually toward the apex, broader than the body, the dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Juab, Utah, 4000 feet, M. E. Jones 1691. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah. I_LusTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 6; pl. 24, f. 19; pl. 48. 11. Cymopterus corrugatus M. E. Jones, Am. Nat. 17: 973. 1883. Rhysopterus corrugatus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 187. 1900. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, glabrous, 3-10.5 em. high; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 0.5—4 cm. long, about as broad, pinnate, pallid, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, the leaflets pinnately lobed, the lobes 2—3-Iobulate, obtuse, apiculate; petioles 1-4 cm. long; peduncles shorter than or equaling the leaves; involucre wanting; involucel of scarious to submembranaceous, entire bractlets, acute at the apex, shorter than the flowers; fertile rays 4-10, somewhat spreading, 2-10 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, the wings constricted at the base, thin and corrugated, narrower than the body; dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed- face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Humboldt Lake (near Rose Creek), Nevada, M. E. Jones 3886. DISTRIBUTION: Western Nevada and adjacent Oregon (Kennedy 872, Mason 4604, Mathias 1244). ILLustrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 5; pl. 24, f. 20; pl. 49. 12. Cymopterus minimus Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Aulospermum minimum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 353. 1930. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a short pseudoscape, 3-8 cm. high, scabrous-puberulent; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 cm. long, 1-2 em. broad, ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets entire or pinnately lobed, the lobes mucronulate, pallid, coriaceous, acute, incurved, 1-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 0.5-3 em. long, purplish; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 3-6 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel dimidiate, of several distinct, linear, acute, green or purplish 176 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; umbels compact, the fertile rays 2-4, unequal, 2-6 mm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers white; fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, the wings somewhat enlarged at the base, narrower than or equaling the body; dorsal wings 3, similar to or shorter than the lateral; oil-tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 4-6 on the com- missure, occasionally solitary in the wing-base; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE Locatiry: ‘“‘On the upper part of the ‘Breaks’ [Cedar Breaks ]"’ near Cedar City, Iron County, Utah, about 10,500 feet, Mathias 723. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Goodman & Hitchcock 1591, Mathias 795). ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 35; pl. 41, f. 2. 13. Cymopterus purpureus S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 300. 1873. Aulospermum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 178. 1900. Aulospermum Betheli Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 6: 46. 1910. Coriophyllus purpureus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:70. 1913. Coriophyllus Betheli Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 70. 1913. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of an inconspicuous pseudo- scape, 10-50 cm. high, glabrous to sparsely scaberulous; leaves ovate to broadly ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-13.5 cm. long, 2-10 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate or ternate-bipinnate, or rarely bipinnate, the leaflets pallid, glaucescent, subcuneate, somewhat remote, spinulose-dentate, the teeth or lobes triangular, acute, mucronate, 1-5 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, distinct to slightly confluent; petioles 3-12 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 5-34 em. long; involucre wanting; involucel dimidiate, of several distinct, linear, acuminate bractlets, shorter than the flowers; fertile rays 5-12, spreading or spreading-ascending, 15-45 mm. long; pedicels 4-11 mm. long; flowers purple or yellow; fruit oblong to ovoid-oblong, 6-12 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, a little broader than the body; oil- tubes 1-8 in the intervals, 3-11 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LocaLity: New Mexico, E. Palmer. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah; southwestern Utah to New Mexico and Arizona. (Baker 18, Payson 255.) 14. Cymopterus Jonesii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 80. 1888. Aulospermum Jonesii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 178. 1900. Coriophyllus Jonesii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:70. 1913. Plants acaulescent or rarely subcaulescent with the development of a short pseudoscape, 10-30 cm. high, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2—7 em. long, 1.5—-5 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate or ternate-bipinnate, glaucous, the leaflets entire or pinnately lobed, the lobes triangular, acute, mucronulate, 1-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, dis- tinct to slightly confluent; petioles 2.5-10 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 3-17 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel dimidiate, of several triangular to linear, acuminate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays several, spreading, 8-35 mm. long; flowers purple; fruit broadly ovoid, 7-12 mm. long, 10-14 mm. broad, the wings conspicuously inflated at the base, several times as wide as the body; dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Frisco, Utah, 8000 feet, M. E. Jones 1808. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Utah and adjacent Nevada (Parry 80). ILLustrRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 11; pl. 44, f. 1. 15. Cymopterus planosus (Osterhout) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Aulospermum planosum Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 236. 1903. Plants subcaulescent with the development of a conspicuous pseudoscape, 10-30 cm. high, the mature pseudoscape 5-15 cm. long; leaves usually oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, sometimes minutely roughened, bipinnate, somewhat fleshy, pallid, glaucescent, the leaflets remote, entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes acute, in- curved, 1-4 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 1-6 cm. long; peduncles exceeding Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 177 the leaves, 4-17 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, acute bractlets, about equaling the flowers; fertile rays 3-4, spreading, 4-45 mm. long, slightly roughened; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers purple; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, equaling or narrower than the body; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. Type Locatity: “Along the Eagle River at Minturn,” Eagle County, Colorado, Osterhout 2572. DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Colorado (Osterhout 2744, Purpus 83). InLustraTion: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 41, f. 1. 16. Cymopterus ibapensis M. E. Jones, Zoe 3: 302. 1893. Aulospermum ibapense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 176. 1900. Plants subeaulescent with the development of a conspicuous pseudoscape, 5—20 cm. high, the mature pseudoscape 4-7 cm. long, glabrous (leaves in dried specimens appearing roughened through irregular wrinkling of the epidermis); leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-9 cm. long, 0.5-4 cm. broad, bipinnate, usually glaucous, somewhat fleshy, pallid, the leaflets remote, pinnately lobed, the lobes rounded to acute, 1-8 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 1-6 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 4-16 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few inconspicuous, linear, bractlets, about equaling the flowers; fertile rays 5-10, spreading, 5—20 mm. long; pedicels 5—7 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid- oblong, 4-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, the lateral about equaling the body; oil-tubes 3—7 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. TYPE LocaLity: Deep Creek Valley, Utah, M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah to eastern Nevada. ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 40, f. 1. 17. Cymopterus longipes S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 124. 1871. Peucedanum lapidosum M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 246. 1891. Cymopterus lapidosus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:31. 1898. Aulospermum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 175. 1900. Aulospermum angustum Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 358. 1904. Cymopterus lapidosus var. deserti M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:21. 1908. Cogswellia lapidosa Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 627, 1064. 1917. Lomatium lapidosum Garrett, Spr. Fl. Wasatch ed. 4.110. 1927. Plants subcaulescent with the development of a conspicuous pseudoscape, 3-35 cm. high, glabrous, the mature pseudoscape 5—16 cm. long, usually fleshy; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—8 em. long, 1—7.5 cm. broad, somewhat fleshy, pallid, glauces- cent, bipinnate, the leaflets sometimes confluent with a winged rachis, pinnately lobed, the lobes usually acute, mucronulate, 1-7 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, closely confluent; petioles 1-14 em. long; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 3-26 cm. long; involucre wanting; invol- ucel of several linear, acute to acuminate bractlets about equaling the flowers; fertile rays 3-8, spreading, 3-30 mm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong to ovoid-oblong, 5-9 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, the lateral broader than the body, the dorsal more or less obsolete; oil-tubes 3—7 in the intervals, 4-9 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. Type LocaLity: Wahsatch Mountains near Salt Lake City, and on Antelope Island, Utah, 5000 feet, Watson 451. DistrrBuTION: Colorado and central Utah to western Wyoming and adjacent Idaho (Nelson 4575, Payson & Payson 2132). ; TELUS Te ARIONS: Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 174 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 9; pl. 25, 2 Ly pl. 39. 18. Cymopterus Watsoni (Coult. & Rose) M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 25. 1908. Cymopterus glaucus sensu S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 124. 1871. Not C. glaucus Nutt. 1834. Aulospermum Watsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 176. 1900. Plants subcaulescent with the development of a conspicuous pseudoscape, 5—25 cm. high, scabrous-puberulent; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-8 cm. 178 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, long, 2-4 cm. broad, bipinnate, somewhat fleshy, pallid, glaucescent, the leaflets pinnately lobed, the lobes linear, obtuse, mostly incurved, 1-2 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 1.5—-4 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 6-14 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, acute bractlets, about equaling the flowers; fertile rays several, spreading, 10-30 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 4-6 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base; oil-tubes 4 in the intervals, 8 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Battle Mountains, Nevada, 7500 feet, Watson 450. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains, northern Nevada to southeastern Oregon (Jones 1688, Peck 21,725). ILLustTRaATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 40, f. 2. 19. Cymopterus glaucus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 28. 1834. Aulospermum glaucum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 176. 1900. Plants subcaulescent with the development of a conspicuous pseudoscape, 3-30 cm. high, glabrous, the mature pseudoscape 2.5—15 cm. long; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—9 cm. long, 1-7 cm. broad, bipinnate, somewhat fleshy, pallid, sometimes conspicuously glaucous, the leaflets remote, pinnately lobed, the lobes obtuse to acute, often mucronulate, 1 mm. long, about as broad, closely confluent; petioles 0.5-7 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 1-14 cm. long; involucre of 1—-several conspicuous, linear- acuminate bracts; involucel similar to the involucre, equaling or exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 1—4, slightly spreading, 2-30 mm. long; pedicels 2-7 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, the wings narrow at the base, the lateral equaling or narrower than the body; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed-face deeply concave. ‘TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘On’the borders of Flat-Head River towards the sources of the Columbia,” Montana, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and adjacent Idaho (Kirkwood 1222, Macbride & Payson 3548). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 40, f. 2. 20. Cymopterus montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. FI. N. Am. 1: 624. 1840. Phellopterus montanus Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624, assyn. 1840. Leptocnemia campestris Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624, assyn. 1840. Cymopterus campestris T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624. 1840. Phellopterus macrocarpus Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 6:59. 1910. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 5—30 cm. high, from long fusiform or subfusiform roots; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-8 cm. long, 1-6 cm. broad, pinnate, bipinnate, or occasionally ternate-bipinnate, somewhat fleshy, pallid, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes usually obtuse, mu- cronate, 1-2 mm. long, 0.5—-1 mm. broad, confluent, roughened on the margins and veins; petioles 1-14 cm. long; peduncles shorter than or equaling the leaves, 0.5—10 cm. long, minutely roughened throughout or only at the base of the umbel; involucre of a low inconspicuous sheath, or of conspicuous linear-oblong bracts, or wanting; involucel of conspicuous, ovate-oblong, mostly acute bractlets, sometimes lacerate toward the apex, white with a conspicuous green central nerve, usually shorter than the flowers, the umbels subcompact; fertile rays 3-6, slightly spreading, 0.5-20 mm. long, glabrous or minutely hirtellous, the secondary rays short; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; flowers white or purple; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 5-12 mm. long, 4-10 mm. broad, the wings conspicuously enlarged at the base, narrowed toward the apex, twice as broad as the body; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure, accessory oil- tubes occasionally present in the wings; strengthening cells present in the wing-base, or wanting. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ High bare plains of the Platte, towards the Rocky Mountains,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: South Dakota and central Colorado to northwestern Texas and northern New Mexico (Nelson 9, 7022, Patterson 3937). ILLUSTRATION: Ann, Mo, Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 7, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 179 21. Cymopterus macrorhizus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 455. 1862. Cymopterus montanus var. pedunculatus M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 686. 1895. Phelloplerus macrorhizus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 167. 1900. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 5—25 cm. high, from fusiform to subglobose roots; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-6.5 em. long, 1-3 cm. broad, pinnate to bipinnate, pallid, somewhat fleshy, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes obtuse, usually mucronate, 1-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, confluent, sometimes minutely roughened on the margins; petioles 1.5—-3 cm. long; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2.5—-17 cm. long, usually minutely roughened at the base of the umbel; involucre wanting, or of one or more linear bracts; involucel of conspicuous, subcuneate bract- lets which are lacerate-fringed at the apex, white with a dark central nerve, usually shorter than the flowers; fertile rays 1-6, spreading, 5-30 mm. long, glabrous or slightly roughened, the inner umbellets usually subsessile, sterile, the secondary rays 5-10 mm. long, the inner flowers sessile, sterile; pedicels 2 mm. long; flowers pinkish; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 4-9 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, the wings linear, about equaling the body; oil-tubes 3-8 in the intervals, 4-10 on the commissure, accessory tubes occasionally present in the wing-base; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Prairies north of Austin, Texas, Buckley DISTRIBUTION: Central Texas (Curtiss 1031, Reverchon 2008, Ruth 2). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 8. 22. Cymopterus bulbosus A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 241. 1899. Cymopterus utahensis var. Eastwoodae M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 5: 685. 1895. Phellopterus bulbosus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 168. 1900. Phellopterus purpurascens var. Eastwoodae Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: 169. 1900; Phellopterus camporum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 574. 1904. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 5—35 cm. high, from long, slender to clavate taproots, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, exclud- ing the petioles 1-9 cm. long, 0.6—7 cm. broad, pinnate to bipinnate, pallid, somewhat fleshy, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes obtuse, linear, 1-10 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 1.5—-9 cm. long; peduncles usually several and exceeding the leaves, 1.5—26 em. long; involucre conspicuous, varying from a low sheath to conspicuous, connate, whitish, 1—3-nerved bracts; involucel similar to the involucre, equaling or exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 3-8, spreading, 5-50 mm. long, the secondary rays short; pedicels 3-12 mm. long; flowers purplish; fruit ovoid-oblong to oblong, 7-17 mm. long, 4-12 mm. broad, the wings narrow or slightly enlarged at the base, narrower to broader than the body, acute; oil-tubes 1-9 in the intervals, 3-10 on the commissure. Tyre LocALity: Green River, Wyoming, A. Nelson 4709. DIstTRIBUTION: Central Colorado and southwestern Wyoming to western Texas and central New Mexico (Baker 59, Payson & Payson 2579). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 31. 23. Cymopterus purpurascens (A. Gray) M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 277. 1893. Not C. purpurascens M. E. Jones, 1895. Cymopterus montanus var. purpurascens A. Gray, Colo. Expl. Exp. 4:15. 1860. Cymopterus utahensis M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 684. 1895. Cymopterus utahensis var. monocephalus M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 685. 1895. Phellopterus purpurascens Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 168. 1900. Phellopterus utahensis Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 158. 1913. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 3-15 cm. high, from long slender tap-roots crowned with persistent leaf-bases, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.2-5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, bipinnate or pinnate or occasionally ternate-pinnate, pallid, somewhat fleshy, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes rounded to acute, mostly incurved, 1-8 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 180 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288 1-4 cm. long; peduncles solitary to few, equaling or exceeding the leaves, 1.5—7 cm. long; in- volucre of conspicuous white bracts, usually connate below the middle, sometimes lobed at the apex; involucel of conspicuous bractlets similar to the bracts, usually rounded, white with 1-5 conspicuous green or white nerves, equaling or exceeding the flowers; the umbels compact, densely globose, the fertile rays 3-5, 4-10 mm. long, the secondary rays short; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; flowers purplish; fruit usually broadly ovoid, 8-18 mm. long, 8-16 mm. broad, the wings thin, twice or thrice as broad as the body, narrow or slightly enlarged at the base, acute; oil- tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 4-7 on the commissure. joes LOCALITY: Oryabe, New Mexico (Yampai Valley to San Francisco Mountains, Arizona), y] os TORS NTONE Southern Idaho through Utah and Nevada to southeastern California and cen- tral Arizona (Purpus 5866, Ward 25). ILLustRations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 31; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 178. 24. Cymopterus multinervatus (Coult. & Rose) Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 41. 1935. Cymoplerus purpurascens M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 687. 1895. Not C. purpurascens M. E. Jones, 1893. Phellopterus multinervatus Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 169. 1900. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 4-20 cm. high, from long, slender or subfusiform tap-roots; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-8.5 cm. long, 0.5—6 cm. broad, pinnate, bipinnate, or occasionally ternate-pinnate, somewhat fleshy, pallid, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes acute or obtuse, mu- cronulate, 0.5-6 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, usually confluent, glabrate; petioles 2-7 cm. long; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 2-14 cm. long, glabrous; involucre a low scarious sheath or of 1 or 2 conspicuous, nerved bracts, or a conspicuous, purplish, connate cup with irregular many-nerved lobes; involucel of conspicuous, ovate to ovate-oblong, subconnate, many-nerved, greenish or purple bractlets, usually with a whitish margin, about equaling the flowers; umbels compact, the fertile rays usually 1-5, 5-25 mm. long, glabrous, the inner rays shorter and the umbellets usually sterile, the secondary rays short; pedicels less than 1 mm. long; flowers purplish; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 8-17 mm. long, 8-17 mm. broad, frequently purplish-tinged, the wings long and slender, slightly enlarged at the base, twice to thrice as broad as the body; oil-tubes 3-9 in the intervals, 5-12 on the commissure, accessory tubes occasionally present in the wings; strengthening cells present or absent in the wing-base. TYPE LOCALITY: Peach Springs, Arizona, Lemmon & Lemmon. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah and New Mexico to Texas, northern Mexico, southern Nevada, and southeastern California (Eastwood 8188, Jones 5002, Metcalfe 3). Intustrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 30, f. 2; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. 25. Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Raf. Herb. Raf. 40. 1833. Selinum acaule Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 732. 1814. Thapsia glomerata Nutt. Gen. 1: 184. 1818. Cymopterus glomeratus DC. Prodr. 4: 204. 1830. Ferula ? Palmella Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 268. 1832. Coloptera Parryi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 50. 1888. Cymopterus Parryi M. E. Jones, Zoe 4: 48. 1893. Cymopterus glomeratus var. Parryi M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 688. 1895. Cymoplerus Leibergii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 182. 1900. Cymopterus glomeratus var. Leibergii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 25. 1908. Cymopterus lucidus Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 6:59. 1910. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent, not cespitose, with the development of a pseudoscape 3-30 cm. high, the mature pseudoscape 1.5—7 cm. long, glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong-obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-9 cm. long, 0.5—7 cm. broad, bipinnate, green, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes acute or somewhat obtuse, 0.5-30 mm. long, 0.5—5 mm. broad; petioles 1-14 cm. long; peduncles usually shorter than or equaling the leaves; involucre wanting, or rarely vestigial; involucel of usually linear, entire, obtuse, often membra- naceous bractlets, occasionally scarious-margined, equaling or exceeding the flowers; umbels Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 181 compact, the fertile rays 3-5, 2-10 mm. long; pedicels about 1 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 5-10 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, the wings constricted at the base and sometimes acuminate at the apex, narrower than or equaling the body, the dorsal wings 1-3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 3-17 in the intervals, 5—13 on the commissure, sometimes solitary at the wing-base; strengthening cells present or wanting. Type Locaity: “On the alluvion of the Missouri, from the river Naduet to the Mahas, in upper Louisiana,”’ Bradbury. DIsTRIBUTION: Central Saskatchewan and western Minnesota to southern Colorado and eastern Oregon (Carr 6, Nelson 4623, 6978, Stevens 232). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 33; Zoe 4: pl. 25 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 517; ed. 2. 2: 644; Bull. U.S. Dep. Agr. Bot. 26: pl. 24; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 180 (fr.) ; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 27; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 24, f. 21; pl. 50; pl. 51, foods 26. Cymopterus Fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4:56. 1849, Cymopterus decipiens M. E. Jones, Zoe 2: 246. 1891. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent, not cespitose, with the development of a pseudoscape 4-30 em. high, the mature pseudoscape 1-3 cm. long, glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong-obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1—-7.5 cm. long, 0.5—6 cm. broad, pinnate to bipinnate, green, the leaflets longer than broad, entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes obtuse or occasionally acute, 0.5—5 mm. long, 0.5—4 mm. broad, frequently confluent; petioles 1.2-12 cm. long; pe- duncles usually equaling or exceeding the leaves; involucre usually a low sheath, sometimes with 1-3 linear bracts; involucel of subscarious to foliaceous, linear to ovate-oblong, acute, and frequently 3-toothed bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; umbels compact, the fertile rays usually 3-5, 2-25 mm. long, the central umbellet sessile, sterile; pedicels obsolete; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 5-13 mm. long 4-10 mm. broad, the wings narrowed at the base and sometimes acuminate at the apex, about half as wide as the body, the dorsal wings 1-3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 3-16 in the intervals, 6-12 on the commissure, sometimes soli- tary at the wing-base; strengthening cells present or absent. TYPE LocaLity: Gravelly hills, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Fendler 274. DisTRIBUTION: Northern Utah to New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Chihuahua (Heller & Heller 3539, Payson 274). InLustrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 7; pl. 24, f. 1-14; pl. 51. 27. Cymopterus Newberryi (S. Wats.) M. E. Jones, Zoe 4:47. 1893. Peucedanum Newberryi S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Coloptera Newberryi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 49. 1888. Coloptera Jonesii Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 50. 1888. Cymopterus Newberryi var. alatus M. E. Jones, Zoe 4:47. 1893. Cymopterus Newberryi var. Jonesii M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 684. 1895. Cymoplerus Fendleri var. Newberryi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:19. 1908. Plants acaulescent or subcaulescent, 4-20 cm. high, glabrous, a pseudoscape never de- veloped; leaves ovate to oblong-obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-4 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. broad, pinnate, green, the leaflets pinnately lobed, about as broad as long, the lobes obtuse, about 1 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, confluent; petioles 8-10 cm. long; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves; involucre usually of a low sheath, or sometimes with 1-3 linear bracts; involucel of linear, acute, usually foliaceous bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; fertile rays several, 5-30 mm. long, the central umbellet frequently sessile, sterile; pedicels obsolete; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid-oblong, 4-12 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, the wings broad and corky, somewhat narrowed at the base, narrower than the body, the dorsal 0 or 2, smaller and less corky or similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 5—9 in the intervals (18-23 on the dorsal surface when the dorsal wings absent), 6-12 on the commissure, sometimes solitary at the base of the wing; seed-face slightly concave; strengthening cells present or absent. TYPE Loca.ity: “Little Colorado or Flax River, Long. 111°,’’ Arizona, Newberry. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Utah and northern Arizona (Jones 1792, Parry 83). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 31; Zoe 4: pl. 25 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 23, f. 8; pl. 24, f. 22, 23; pl. 25, f. 2, 3; pl. 47, f. 2. 182 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, 28. Cymopterus panamintensis Coult. & Rose; Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4:116. 1893. Aulospermum panamintense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 7: 177. 1900. Plants acaulescent, 5-40 cm. high, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-14 cm. long, 1-8 em. broad, ternate-2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute and somewhat spinulose, 1-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, mostly distinct; petioles 1-10 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 3-25 cm. long; involucre want- ing; involucel dimidiate, of several conspicuous, linear, acuminate, more or less united bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; fertile rays 5-15, spreading, 10-65 mm. long; pedicels 4-13 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow; fruit ovoid-oblong, 6-10 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, the wings enlarged at the base, equaling or slightly exceeding the body, membranaceous; oil-tubes 1—5 in the intervals, 4-7 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TypE Locaity: “Near Pete’s garden, in Johnson Canyon, Panamint Mountains,’’ Inyo County, California, 1740 m., Coville & Funston 508. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains bordering Death Valley, eastern California (Coville & Funston 545, Purpus 5393). IuLustrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 33; pl. 44, f. 2; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 357; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. 28a. Cymopterus panamintensis var. acutifolius (Coult & Rose) Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 357. 1935. Aulospermum panamintense var. acutifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 177. 1900. Leaf-divisions more remote, the ultimate divisions acute, not conspicuously spinulose, 3-20 mm. long. ‘Typr LocaLity: Newberry’s Springs, Mojave Desert, California, Lemmon & Lemmon. DISTRIBUTION: Mohave Desert, California (Munz & Keck 7854, Parish & Parish 1294, Mathias 1379). ILLustRaAtIon: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 32. 29. Cymopterus aboriginum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:22. 1908. Cymopterus aboriginum var. ovalis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 22. 1908. Cymopterus aboriginum var. subternatus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 23. 1908. Cymoplerus aboriginum var. oblongus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 23. 1908. Aulospermum aboriginum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 352. 1930. Plants acaulescent, 9-35 em. high, a pseudoscape never developed; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10 cm. long, 14.5 cm. broad, ternate-bipinnate or tripinnate, gray-green, hirtellous, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes linear, acute, 2-8 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, distinct to slightly confluent; petioles 2-13 cm. long; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves, 8-30 cm. long, glabrous; involucre wanting, or of a few linear bracts; involucel of several linear, subscarious, acute to acuminate, puberulent bractlets shorter than or equaling the flowers; umbels subcompact, the fertile rays 3-10, spreading, 4-20 mm. long, usually glabrous, the central umbellets sterile; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid to oblong, 6-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, the wings linear, about twice as wide as the body; oil-tubes 2-8 in the intervals, 6-22 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. ‘Typ LocaLity: Indian Spring, Charleston Mountains, Nevada, 4000 feet, M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Eastern California, in the Death Valley region, and adjacent Nevada (Clokey 8447, Duran 2733, Gilman 3849). ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 37; pl. 43, f. 2; pl. 45, f. 1; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. 30. Cymopterus bipinnatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 368. 1885. Pseudocymopterus bipinnatus Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1888. Cynomarathrum Macbridei A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 54: 142. 1912. Pseudoreoxis bipinnatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 73. 1913. Plants acaulescent, 2-26 cm. high, cespitose from long, slender tap-roots; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—6.5 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 em. broad, bipinnate, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 183 gray-green, rough-puberulent, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes crowded, obtuse, 1—4 mm. long, 0.5—-1 mm. broad; petioles 2—9 cm. long; peduncles greatly exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting; bractlets of the involucel linear, acute, scarious with a prominent mid-vein, occasionally purplish-tinged, more or less confluent at the base, about equaling the flowers; umbels subcompact, the fertile rays 3-5, 1-17 mm. long; pedicels 2—4 mm. long; flowers white; fruit ovoid-oblong, 3-6 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, the wings oblong-linear to subdeltoid, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 1—7 in the intervals, 4-8 on the commissure; seed-face concave; strengthening cells absent. Type Locatity: ‘‘Rocky Mountains south of Virginia City,’’ Montana, Hayden 14. DIsTRIBUTION: Western Montana and adjacent Idaho to Oregon, northeastern Nevada, and Utah (Blankinship 225, Canby 148, Nelson & Nelson 5411). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 74; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 22, f. 10; pl. 34, f. 2. 31. Cymopterus humboldtensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:21. 1908. Pseudocymoplerus humboldtensis Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 325. 1930. Plants acaulescent, 4-10 cm. high, cespitose from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, bipinnate, gray-green, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, the lobes linear, obtuse, 1-2 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; petioles less than 1 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 2—7 em. long; involucre wanting; involucel of linear, acute, sometimes purplish-tinged bractlets (oc- casionally appearing as bracts through shortening of the rays); umbels compact, the fertile rays 2-4, less than 5 mm. long; pedicels 0.5—2 mm. long; fruit oblong, 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings linear, narrower than the body, the dorsal wings 3, similar to the lateral; oil-tubes 5-6 in the intervals, about 10 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. Type Locaiity: “Above Clover Valley, East Humboldt Mountains,’’ Nevada, about 11,000 feet, M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Idaho and northeastern Nevada (Davis 188, Rollins & Chambers 2481). In_ustrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 19; pl. 36, f. 1. 32. Cymopterus nivalis 5. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 123. 1871. Pseudoreoxis nivalis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:73. 1913. Pseudocymoplerus nivalis Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 327. 1930. Plants acaulescent, 5-15 cm. high, cespitose from a long slender taproot; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-5 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. broad, pinnate, rough-puberulent, the leaflets entire to pinnately lobed, remote, the lobes linear to ovate, acute, 1-10 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, distinct; petioles 1-8 cm. long; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 4-10 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel dimidiate, of linear, acute, subconnate bractlets about equaling the flowers; umbels compact, the rays several, less than 5 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish; mature fruit unknown, the immature ovoid-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, the wings thin; oil-tubes inconspicuous. TYPE Loca.iry: “East Humboldt Mountains,” Nevada, 9000 feet, Watson 448. DISTRIBUTION: Central Idaho to northeastern Nevada (Davis 2018). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 36, f. 2. 71. PTERYXIA Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 170. 1900. Cymoplerus § Pleryxia Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624. 1840. Pseudopteryxia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:71. 1913. Pseudoreoxis Rydb, Bull. Torrey Club 40:73. 1913. Low, erect, cespitose, herbaceous, acaulescent or caulescent, essentially glabrous perennials, from long slender taproots crowned with persistent leaf-bases. Leaves petiolate, membrana- ceous, bipinnate to pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions rigid or herbaceous, linear, oblong, or subcuneate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose to subcompact compound umbels; peduncles terminal and sometimes axillary, longer than or 184 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, only equaling the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel usually dimidiate, the bract- lets linear to lanceolate, entire or occasionally toothed, sometimes scarious, equaling or exceed- ing the flowers. Rays few to rather numerous, spreading to ascending, usually unequal. Pedicels spreading, slender to nearly obsolete. Flowers yellow, whitish, or purple; petals oblong to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent, often unequal; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit narrowly oblong to ovoid, flattened dorsally, glabrous or pubescent when immature; lateral ribs winged, the wings membranaceous, linear in cross section, longer or shorter than the body; some or all of the dorsal ribs like the lateral or shorter; oil-tubes small, solitary to several in the intervals, several on the commissure, accessory oil-tubes rarely present in the wings; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face somewhat concave to plane; strengthening cells present or absent. Type species, Selinum terebinthinum Hook. (Pteryxia terebinthina Coult. & Rose). Plants unbranched or with few branches below, with few or no cauline leaves; peduncles glabrous below the umbels; young fruit glabrous. : Leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, pinnately or ternate- pinnately decompound. Flowers yellow; fruit 5-11 mm. long. Wings of the fruit undulate-crisped; Columbia Pla- teau of Washington and Oregon. 1. P. terebinthina. Wings of the fruit plane, or nearly so. Leaves green; ultimate divisions narrow; dorsal wings usually reduced. la. P. terebinthina var. foeniculacea. Leaves gray-green; ultimate divisions broader; dorsal wings usually well developed. Rays short; fruit 3-5 mm. broad; northern Rocky Mountains to Idaho and Utah. lb. P. terebinthina var. calcarea. Rays longer, up to 8 cm. long; fruit 5-10 mm. broad; California and Nevada. le. P. terebinthina var. californica. Flowers whitish; fruit 3-5 mm. long. ld. P. terebinthina var. albiflora. Leaves narrowly oblong, ternate-bipinnate or 2—3-pinnate. Plants caulescent; leaves ternate-bipinnate or 3-pinnate; bractlets inconspicuous, 1-3 mm. long. 2. P. petraea. Plants acaulescent; leaves bipinnate; bractlets conspicu- ous, 2-15 mm. long. Rays conspicuously unequal, ascending, up to 6 cm. long; dorsal wings obsolete. 3. P. anisata. Rays only slightly unequal, spreading, up to 3 cm. long; dorsal wings well developed. : 4. P. Hendersoni. Plants branching freely above, with several to many cauline leaves; peduncles hirtellous at the base of the umbels; young fruit puberulent. 5. P. Davidsoni. 1. Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900. Selinum terebinthinum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 266. 1832. Laserpitium terebinthinum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 266, as syn. 1832. Cymopterus terebinthinus T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624. 1840. Pleryxia lerebinthacea Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624, as syn. 1840. Plants caulescent to subcaulescent, 10-60 cm. high; leaves gray-green, ovate-oblong to broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-18 cm. long, 3-12 cm. broad, pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to subcuneate, rigid, acute, 1-4 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, more or less confluent; petioles 2-16 cm. long; peduncles 10-35 cm. long; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets linear to rarely obovate, acute, entire or rarely toothed, 2-6 mm. long; rays 7-24, unequal, 5—70 mm. long; pedicels 1-8 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 7-11 mm. long, 7-11 mm. broad, the wings undulate- crisped, equaling or exceeding the body, the dorsal equaling the lateral or rarely shorter; oil- tubes 3-12 in the intervals, 6-20 on the commissure and sometimes at the base of the wings. Tyrer LocaLity: ‘Common on the sandy grounds of the Wallahwallah [Walla Walla ] River, North-West coast of America,’’ Washington, Douglas. DistRIBUTION: Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington and Oregon (Coton 1080, Constance & Beetle 2688, Thompson 4778). ILLustTRATIONS: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: pl. 95; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7:170 (fr.); Ann. Mo, Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 20, 21; pl. 37, f. 1. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 185 la. Pteryxia terebinthina var. foeniculacea (T. & G.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 332. 1930. Cymopterus foeniculaceus T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624. 1840. Pteryxia foeniculacea Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 624, assyn. 1840. Cymopterus thapsoides 'T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 625. 1840. Pieryxia thapsoides Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 625, as syn. 1840. Cymopterus Elrodi M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15:41. 1910. Pteryxia Elrodi Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 621, 1064. 1917. Plants usually more slender; leaves green, the divisions longer and less rigid; umbels more compact, the rays usually shorter, subequal; fruit 5-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings plane, the dorsal usually much shorter than the lateral. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On rocks, Blue Mountains of Oregon,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and eastern Washington to southern Idaho and central Oregon (Cusick 1657, 2085, Elmer 770). ILLustRaTions: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 24-26 (fr.). lb. Pteryxia terebinthina var. calcarea (M. E. Jones) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 334. 1930. Cymopterus calcareus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8: 32. 1898. Pteryxia calcarea Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:173. 1900. Plants usually lower, acaulescent or shortly caulescent; leaves gray-green, the divisions somewhat broader; umbels more compact, the rays usually shorter, subequal; fruit 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings plane, the dorsal equaling or shorter than the lateral. TYPE LOCALITY: Green River, Wyoming, 6000 feet, M. E. Jones. DistRIBUTION: Montana and Colorado to southern Idaho, Utah, and Nevada (Blankinship 226, Merrill & Wilcox 477, Nelson 3083). ILLUSTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, figs. 28, 29; pl. 38, f. 1. lc. Pteryxia terebinthina var. californica (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 337. 1930 Pteryxia californica Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 172. 1900. Cymopterus californicus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 27. 1908. Cymoplerus terebinthinus var. californicus Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 730. 1925. Often stouter, shortly caulescent; leaves gray-green, the divisions not rigid; umbels spreading, the rays 10-80 mm. long; fruit 5-10 mm. long, about as broad, the wings plane, thicker, the dorsal usually equaling the lateral. TYPE LOCALITY: Sisson, Siskiyou County, California, H. E. Brown. DistTRIBUTION: Northern to central California in the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, and northern Nevada (Baker 1369, Heller 7070, Mathias 1386). ILLUSTRATIONS: Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild Fl. 335; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 22, 23; pl. 37, f. 2. ld. Pteryxia terebinthina var. albiflora (T. & G.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 339. 1930. Cymoplterus albiflorus 'T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 625. 1840. Pteryxia albiflora Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 625, assyn. 1840. Cymoplerus terebinthinus var. albiflorus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 10: 56, as tosynonymy. 1902 Usually lower, acaulescent or shortly caulescent; leaves gray-green; umbels more com- pact, the rays 5-15 mm. long; fruit 3-5 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings plane, shorter and thicker. Type Loca.ity: ‘Hills of Bear River in the Rocky Mountain range,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Wyoming and adjacent Montana to Idaho (Rose 48, 533). ILLUSTRATION: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 27 (fr.). 186 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 2. Pteryxia petraea (M. HE. Jones) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 172. 1900. Cymopterus petraeus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:32. 1898. Plants caulescent, 15-45 cm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-17 em. long, 0.5—5 cm. broad, ternate-bipinnate to tripinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 1-8 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad, distinct; petioles 5-12 cm. long; peduncles slen- der, 9-25 cm. long; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets linear, 1-3 mm. long; rays 3—7, very un- equal, 1-55 mm. long, the inner shortened or obsolete; pedicels 1-6 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 4.5—-7 mm. long, 2—4 mm. broad, the wings plane, narrower than or equaling the body, 1-3 of the dorsal ribs winged, these dorsal wings equaling or shorter than the lateral wings; oil-tubes 1-3 (usually 3) in the intervals, 5-15 on the commissure; accessory oil-tubes usually wanting; strengthening cells inconspicuous. TYPE Locality: Palisade, Nevada, M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Idaho and central Nevada to southeastern Oregon, eastern California, and northern Arizona (Cusick 1995, Macbride & Payson 3053). ILLusTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 30, 31; pl. 38, f. 2. 3. Pteryxia anisata (A. Gray) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 248. 1942. Cymopterus ? anisatus A, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 63. 1864. Pseudocymopterus anisatus Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1888. Pseudocymopterus aletifolius Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 574. 1904. Pseudopleryxia anisata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:71. 1913. Pseudopteryxia aletifolia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:72. 1913. Plants acaulescent, 10-35 cm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5—14 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, bipinnate, the ultimate divisions rigid, acute, 1-6 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, mostly confluent, appearing as lobes of a subcuneate leaflet; petioles 3-11 em. long; peduncles 8—25 cm. long; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets conspicuous, linear-lanceolate, entire, 3-15 mm. long, much longer than the flowers; rays 6-9, ascending, conspicuously unequal, 5-60 mm. long; pedicels unequal, 1-10 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, 4-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the wings plane, narrower than the body, the dorsal shorter than the lateral or obsolete; oil-tubes 1—3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; strengthening cells present or absent. Typr LocaLity: “ Dry hills in the middle mountains, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, Lat. 39-41°,” Hall & Harbour 222. DISTRIBUTION: Central Colorado (Clements & Clements 94, Rydberg & Vreeland 5815). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. 75, 76; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 35, f. 24 (fr.); Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 15, 16; pl. 35. 4. Pteryxia Hendersoni (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 248. 1942. Pseudocymopterus Hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 190. 1900. Pseudopteryxia longiloba Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40:72. 1913. Pseudopteryxia Hendersonii Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 624, 1064. 1917. Pseudocymopterus anisatus var. longilobus 'Tidestrom, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 25: 399. 1925. Plants acaulescent, 5-40 cm. high; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.3-9.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 1-15 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, usually distinct; petioles 1-11 cm. long; peduncles 6-30 cm. long; involucre rarely of 1 or 2 linear bracts; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets conspicuous, linear- lanceolate, entire or bifid, 2-12 mm. long, occasionally fused with the pedicels for a portion of their length; rays 4-8, spreading, slightly unequal, 3-30 mm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit ovoid-oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, the wings plane, shorter than the body, the dorsal 1-3, equaling or shorter than the lateral; oil-tubes 1-5 in the intervals, 3-8 on the commissure; accessory oil-tubes rarely present in the wings; strengthening cells present or absent. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 187 TYPE LOCALITY: “Summit of peak, source of Mill Creek, Idaho, 12,800 ft. alt.,"" L. F. Henderson 4008. DISTRIBUTION: Montana to northern New Mexico, west to southern Idaho and eastern Nevada. (Nelson 4803, Nelson & Nelson 6507, Parry 157). ILLusTRATIONS: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 17, 18; pl. 35, f. 1. 5. Pteryxia Davidsoni (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 248. 1942. Aletes ? Davidsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 107. 1900. Pseudocymopterus filicinus Wooton & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 158. 1913. Pseudocymopterus Davidsoni Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 282, 316. 1930. Plants caulescent, branching above, 15-35 cm. high, the nodes sometimes scaberulous; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-14 cm. long, 1-9 cm. broad, usually tripinnate, the ultimate divisions usually linear, acute, mucronate, 1-30 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, slightly confluent; petioles 1-7 cm. long; peduncles 4-14 cm. long, hir- tellous at the base of the umbels; involucel dimidiate, the bractlets conspicuous, linear, acute, entire, 2-7 mm. long; rays 5—9, spreading, slightly unequal, 5-30 mm. long, scaberulous; pedi- cels 1-5 mm. long; flowers yellow or purple; fruit oblong, 3-4 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, puberulent when immature, but glabrous at maturity, the wings plane, shorter than the body, the dorsal 1-3, equaling or shorter than the lateral; oil-tubes 3-8 in the intervals, 3-8 on the commissure. a TYPE Loca.ity: “Among rocks in moist creek, near Coronado Mine, Clifton, Arizona,’ Davidson “One Southeastern Arizona and adjacent New Mexico (Kearney & Peebles 2240, 2241, Metcalfe 165). Inuusrrations: Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 14; pl. 34, f. 1. 72. THASPIUM Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. Upopion Raf. New Fl. 4: 29. 1838. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous or pubescent perennials, from a fascicle of fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, simple, ternate or ternate- pinnately compound or dissected, the divisions serrate, dentate, or lobed and incised. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, longer than the leaves. Involucre wanting. Involucel of small, narrow, entire bractlets shorter than the flowers. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels short, spreading, all the flowers of each umbellet pedicellate. Flowers yellow or purple; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth small or obsolete; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpo- phore wanting. Fruit ovoid to oblong, slightly flattened dorsally or subterete, glabrous or puberulent; several or all of the ribs prominently winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed subterete or somewhat dorsally flattened in cross section, sulcate beneath the intervals, the face plane. Type species, Ligusticum (?) barbinode Michx. (Thaspium barbinode Nutt.). Basal leaves simple or ternate; rays 6-10, unequal. Flowers dark purple. 1. T. trifoliatum. Flowers yellow. la. T. trifoliatum var. flavum. Basal leaves twice or more ternate or pinnate; rays 8-16, subequal. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate, serrate to incised; petioles 5-10 cm. long; bractlets acute, 1-4 mm. long. 2. T. barbinode. Leaflets pinnately divided, the lobes iene to oblong; petioles 15- 20 cm. long; bractlets attenuate, 3-6 mm. long. 3. T. pinnatifidum. 1. Thaspium trifoliatum (1,.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 2.156. 1856. Thapsia trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. Smyrnium cordatum Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788. Smyrnium atropurpureum Desr. in Lam. Encyc. 3: 667. 1791. Thaspium atropurpureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. Cnidium atropurpureum Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 418. 1820. Upopion trifoliatum Raf. New FI. 4:30. 1838. Upopion pinnatum Raf. New FI. 4: 30. 1838. U popion lobatum Raf. New Fl. 4:30. 1838. Upopion lobatum var. rigida Raf. New Fl. 4:30. 1838. 188 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, U popion heterophylum Raf. New FI. 4: 31. 1838. U popion cordatum Raf. New Fl. 4:31. 1838. Thaspium cordatum T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 615. 1840. Thaspium trifoliatum var. atropurpureum T. & G.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2.156. 1856 Thaspium aureum var. atropurpureum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 136. 1887. Thaspium aureum var. cordatum B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 22. 1888 Thaspium ziziopsis Daniels, Univ. Mo. Stud. Sci. 1: 329. 1907. Plants 2-7 dm. high, glabrous; basal leaves cordate to reniform in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 3-6 cm. long, 4-7 cm. broad, crenate-dentate, simple, or ternate with ovate leaflets 25-45 mm. long, 20-35 mm. broad; petioles 6-10 cm. long; cauline leaves ternate, the divisions lanceolate, serrate or toothed; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucel of 4-8 inconspicu- ous, linear to lanceolate bractlets, 2-4 mm. long; rays 6-10, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers purple; fruit oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, all or several of the ribs broadly winged; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Virginia,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Rhode Island to Georgia, west to Manitoba, Kansas, and Louisiana (Rydberg 9193, Svenson 7274). ILLustrations: Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: pl. 34; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 518; ed. 2. 2: 639; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 145 (fr.); Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 600. la. Thaspium trifoliatum var. flavum Blake, Rhodora 20:53. 1918.* ?Zizia parvifolia Raf. New Fl. 4:31. 1838. Thaspium aureum var. trifoliatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 136. 1887. Thaspium trifoliatum var. aureum Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 240. 1894. Not Smyrnium aureum L. 1753; nor Thaspium aureum Nutt. 1818. Zizia sylvatica Benke, Rhodora 35: 45. 1933. Thaspium aureum of authors, not T. aureum Nutt. 1818. Thaspium sylvaticum G. N. Jones, Fl. Ill. 197. 1945. Flowers yellow. TYPE LOCALITY: Peoria, Illinois, F. E. McDonald. DISTRIBUTION: Pennsylvania and North Carolina, west to Ontario and Arkansas (Demaree 12,233, 16,536). ILLusTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 5, f. 57 (fr.); Mem. Torrey Club 2: pl. 11, f. 69 (veg.) ; Georgia, Man. Weeds 304. 2. Thaspium barbinode (Michx). Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. Ligusticum (?) barbinode Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 167. 1803. Smyrnium barbinode Muhl. Cat. 32. 1813. Thaspium barbinode var. angustifolium Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 137. 1887. Thaspium barbinode var. pinnatifidum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 84. 1888. Not Zizia pinnatifida Buckl. 1843. Thaspium barbinode var. Chapmani Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 148. 1900. Thaspium barbinode var. Garmani Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 148. 1900. Plants 5—9 dm. high, glabrous or pubescent at the nodes; basal leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-15 mm. long, 10-25 mm. broad, distinct, coarsely serrate or incised; petioles 5-10 em. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper sessile; peduncles 4-8 cm. long; involucel of inconspicuous, linear, acute bractlets, 1-4 mm. long; rays 8-15, spreading-ascending, sub- equal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 2-5 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit oval or oblong, glabrous or puberulent, 3-6 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad; several of the ribs prominently winged; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘“‘In Carolina superiore,’’ Michaux ? DISTRIBUTION: New York to Florida, west to Ontario and Oklahoma (Curtiss 1022, Friesner 5577, Palmer 12,636). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: PR 5,f. 59 (fr.); Mem. Torrey Club 2: pl. 11, f. 66-68 (veg.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 518; ed. 2. 2: 3. Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckl.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 2.155. 1856. Zizia pinnatifida Buckl. Am. Jour, Sci. 45: 175. 1843. Thaspium Walteri Shuttl.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:79, assyn. 1852. * Strict adherence to the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature would appear to neces- sitate retention of the epithet trifoliatum for this variety. The authors feel that such procedure, since the variety is not based upon the type of the species, would result in confusion. The combi- nation Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray var. trifoliatum (Coult. & Rose) is therefore rejected as a nomen ambiguum, Part 2, 1945] 2 UMBELLIFERAE 189 Plants 6 dm. high, puberulent; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, ternate-pinnately dissected, the leaflets pinnately divided, the ultimate divisions linear-oblong to cuneate, 5-15 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, the margins entire; petioles slender, 1.5—2 dm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper sessile; peduncles 1-6 cm. long; involucel of 1—-several, linear, attenuate bractlets 3-6 mm. long, exceeding the pedicels; rays 13-16, subequal, 1.5—2 cm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 3-4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the ribs equally narrow-winged. TYPE LOCALITY: “Banks of the French Broad River near the Warm Springs, and near Sugar Town Falls,’’ Macon County, North Carolina, Buckley. DistRiBuTION: North Carolina to Kentucky and Tennessee (Beardslee & Kofoid 23). ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 518; ed. 2. 2: 640. 73. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS Coult. & Rose, N. Am. Umbell. 20, 74. 1888. Slender or low, erect, herbaceous, subcaulescent to caulescent, glabrous to somewhat seaberulous, ciliate or hirtellous-pubescent perennials, from long slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 1—3-pinnate, the leaflets or ultimate divisions lanceolate to filiform. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and sometimes axillary, longer than the leaves, conspicuously hirtellous-pubescent at the base of the umbel. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel dimidiate, of oval to filiform bractlets connate at the base, longer or shorter than the flowers. Rays few, spreading-ascending or spreading, sub- equal to unequal. Pedicels spreading. Flowers yellow or purple; petals ovate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth evident, ovate; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid to ovoid-oblong, flattened dorsally, glabrous; lateral ribs broadly winged, the wings spongy, linear to triangular in cross section, almost equaling the body; one or more of the dorsal ribs similarly winged, or reduced to con- spicuous ribs, or obsolete; oil-tubes solitary to several in the intervals, several on the com- missure, rarely also at the base of the wings; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells absent or present. Type species, Thaspium ? montanum A. Gray (Pseudocymopterus montanus Coult. & Rose). 1. Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Rey. N. Am. Umbell. 74. 1888. Thaspium ? montanum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 57. 1849. Thaspium montanum var. tenuifolium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2:65. 1853. Ligusticum montanum var. tenuifolium S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 426. 1878. Pseudocymopterus montanus var. tenuifolius Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1888. Pseudocymopterus montanus var. purpureus Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 75. 1888. Peucedanum Lemmoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889. Lomatium Lemmoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 231. 1900. Pseudocymopterus sylvaticus A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 224. 1901. Pseudocymopterus montanus var. multifidus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 574. 1904. Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Pseudocymopterus.purpureus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Cymopterus ligusticoides M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 29. 1908. Cymoplerus ligusticoides var. tenuifolius M. E. Jones, Contr, W. Bot. 12: 29. 1908. Cogswellia Lemmoni M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Pseudocymopterus Tidestromii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 447. 1909. Pseudocymopterus versicolor Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 623. 1917. Cymopterus ligusticoides puniceus Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 42. 1935. Cymopterus tenuifolius Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 48: 42. 1935. Cymopterus Grayanus Tidestrom in ‘Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 324. 1941. Cymopterus Grayanus purpureus Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 324. 1941. Cymopterus Grayanus tenuifolius Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 324. 1941. Cymopterus Grayanus filicinus Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 324. 1941. Cymoplerus Grayanus multifidus Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. N. Mex. 325. 1941. Plants 5-85 cm. high; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-17 cm. long, 1-14 cm. broad, the ultimate divisions filiform to broadly lanceolate, acute, 0.1-11 cm. long, 0.5—-11 mm. broad, remote or more or less confluent. Petioles 1-24 cm. long, occasionally with scarious or purple margins; peduncles 0.5—5 dm. long; involucre rarely of 1 or 2 lanceolate bracts; involucel of several acute bractlets, 2-8 mm. long, connate at the base; rays 5—25, 3-55 mm. long, often scaberulous; pedicels 1-5 mm. long; fruit 3-7 mm. long, 190 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, 2-4 mm. broad; oil-tubes 1—5 in the intervals (about 15 on the dorsal surface when the dorsal ribs are obsolete), 2-6 (usually 4) on the commissure. Type LocaLity: ‘Sunny declivities at the foot of mountains, along Santa Fe Creek,’’ New Mexico, Fendler 276. DistRiBuTION: Mountains of southern Wyoming to western Utah, south through western Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to Durango (Baker 508, 789, Metcalfe 180, Nelson 1238, Mathias 569,574). ILLUSTRATIONS: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am, Umbell. f. 73 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 187 (fr.); 12: pl. 83; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 23; pl. 30, f. 7; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: pl. 25, f. 4-13; pl. 32, 33. 74. CNIDIUM Cusson, Mém. Soc. Méd. Par. 280. 1782. Pinasgelon Raf. Good Book 51. 1840. Katapsuxis Raf. Good Book 58. 1840. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous to pubescent annuals or peren- nials, from slender taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately dissected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. In- volucre usually wanting. Involucel of several narrow bractlets. Rays numerous, spreading- ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute; styles slender, reflexed, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid, slightly flattened dorsally, glabrous; ribs promi- nently corky-winged, the lateral a little broader than the dorsal; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; secondary oil-tubes sometimes present in the ribs. Type species: Selinum Monnieri l,. (Cnidium Monnieri Cusson). 1. Cnidium Monnieri (1,.) Cusson, Mém. Soc. Méd. Par. 280. 1782. Selinum Monnieri L,. Cent. Pl. 1:9. 1755. Cicuta Monnieri Crantz, Class. Umbell. 98. 1767. Pinasgelon monniera Raf. Good Book 52. 1840. Ligusticum Monnieri Calest. Webbia 1: 211. 1905. Annual, glabrous to puberulent or scaberulous, 3-5 dm. high; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-9 cm. long, pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear-lanceolate, acute, 2-10 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad; petioles 1-2 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal; peduncles 3-7 cm. long; involucre of 8-10 linear, acuminate bracts, marginally ciliolate, 2-5 mm. long; involucel of several linear to filiform, ciliolate bractlets, 2-4 mm. long; rays 20-30, unequal, 5-20 cm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; fruit oblong-oval, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. broad, glabrous, slightly compressed dorsally; ribs conspicuously corky-winged, the lateral wings slightly broader than the dorsal; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TyprE Locauity: ‘In Gallia australi,’’ collector unknown. DistRIBUTION: Northern Asia; adventive in southern Europe, and at Portland, Oregon, on ballast. ILLusTRatIONsS: Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: pl. 10, f. 48; Mutel, Fl. Fr. pl. 23; Peterm. Deuts. Fl. pl. 35. f. 272 (fl.); Fiori & Paol. Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 2307. 75. CONIOSELINUM Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. xxviii. 1814. Kreidion Raf. Good Book 57. 1840. Stout or slender, erect, caulescent, usually branching, glabrous except for the puberulent inflorescence, perennials, from a taproot or cluster of fleshy roots. Leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets lobed or dissected. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal, or terminal and lateral. In- volucre of a few narrow or foliaceous bracts, or wanting. Involucel of narrow, scarious or scarious-margined, entire bractlets, shorter or longer than the pedicels. Rays rather numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers white; petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, spreading or recurved, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, or nearly so. Fruit oblong-oval to oval, flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs low and corky or narrowly winged, the lateral Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 191 ribs more broadly thin-winged; oil-tubes small, 1 or 2 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species Conioselinum tataricum Hoftm. Bractlets of the involucel not scarious or only scarious-margined, not aristate; dorsal ribs of the fruit more narrowly winged than the lateral. Leaves 6-14 cm. long; leaflets coarsely pinnatifid and toothed; peduncles slender; bractlets of the involucel 2-5 mm. long; rays 5—11; fruit 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; southern Arizona and adjacent Chihuahua, 1. C. mexicanum. Leaves 8-20 cm. long; leaflets laciniately pinnatifid; peduncles stout; bract- lets of the involucel 2-8 mm. long; rays 7—20; fruit 4-6 mm. long, 2-3.5 mm. broad. Leaves ovate to deltoid; leaflets finely dissected; fruit 3-3.5 mm. broad; northeastern and northwestern North America. 2. C. chinense. Leaves lanceolate to ovate; leaflets more coarsely lobed; fruit 2-3 mm. broad; Rocky Mountains. 3. C. scopulorum. Bractlets of the involucel scarious, aristate; dorsal ribs of the fruit almost as broadly winged as the lateral. 4. C. cnidiifolium. 1. Conioselinum mexicanum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 147. 1900. Slender, simple or sparingly branched, 3-9 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 6-14 cm. long, 3-10 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate or 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10-25 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad, coarsely pinnatifid and toothed, the lobes and teeth obtuse or acute; petioles 5—15 cm. long; cauline leaves with narrow sheaths and linear-oblong, elongate divisions; peduncles 7-17 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of 1—-several filiform bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, or wanting; rays 5-11, subequal, 15-35 mm. long; pedicels 5-8 mm. long; fruit oval, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs acute, unwinged, the laterals corky-winged; seed much flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. TypEe Locauity: ‘Sierra Madre, 65 miles east of Batopilas, Chihuahua,” Goldman 191. DISTRIBUTION: Arizona to Chihuahua (Geniry 1942, Kearney & Peebles 10,497). 2. Conioselinum chinense (L.) B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 22. 1888. Athamania chinensis 1. Sp. Pl. 245. 1753. Apium bipinnatum Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Selinum canadense Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165. 1803. Cnidium canadense Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 415. 1820. Ligusticum Gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1:391. 1826. Laser pitium hirsutum (TH. & A. in ] Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.1:270. 1832. Not L. hirsutum Lam. 1778. Cnidium chinense Spreng.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 389, as syn. 1840. Kreidion chinensis Raf. Good Book 57. 1840. Conioselinum ? canadense T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 619. 1840. Conioselinum Fischeri Hook. and other authors. Not C. Fischeri Ledeb. 1844. Conioselinum kamtschaticum Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 11:22. 1859. Selinum pacificum S. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 11: 140. 1876. Selinum Benthami S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 432. 1878. Conioselinum bipinnatum Britton; J. Northrop, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 233. 1887. Selinum Hookeri S. Wats.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 45. 1888. Oa eal Gmelini Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 150. 1900. Not C. Gmelini Steud. Conioselinum pacificum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 152. 1900. Conioselinum pumilum Rose; Rydb. Torreya 12:9, 1912. Conioselinum Benthami Fernald, Rhodora 28: 221. 1926. Conioselinum Gmelini var. kamtschaticum Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Is. 248. 1937. Conioselinum Gmelini {. foliosum Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Is. 249. 1937. Rather stout, sparingly branched, 3-15 dm. high; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-20 cm. long, 5—20 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate or 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, 10-45 mm. long, 10-25 mm. broad, pinnatifid, the lobes acute, entire or toothed; petioles 5-15 cm. long; cauline leaves with dilated oblong sheaths; peduncles 6-18 cm. long; involucre of several narrow, entire or toothed, foliaceous bracts, 0.5—2 cm. long, or these sometimes replaced by dissected leaves, or the involucre wanting; involucel of few to numerous, filiform to linear, scarious-margined bractlets, 5-15 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers, sometimes foliaceous, elongate and divided; rays 13-30, subequal, 15-45 mm. long; pedicels 5—8 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval to oval, 4-6 mm. long, 2—3.5 mm. broad, the 192 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, dorsal ribs acute, unwinged, the laterals broadly winged; seed much flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. » Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Chinensem dixit Barthram quisemina misit ex Virginia,’ apparently a mistake for the ‘‘Genesee country,’’ western New York, Bartram. DistTRIBUTION: Cold swamps; Labrador, Newfoundland, Quebec, and Maine, south to North Carolina and west to Minnesota and Missouri; Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, Northwest Terri- tory to northern California, along the coast; Siberia and the Kurile Islands. (Fernald & Bush 25,930, Jones 29,027.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Fl. Dan. Suppl. gi: 133; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 1, f. 7; Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: pl. 35; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 512; ed. 2. 2: 3. Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 151. 1900. Ligusticum scopulorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868. Conioselinum coloradense Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 5: 36. 1909. Rather slender, simple or sparingly branched, 3-10 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-20 cm. long, 5-15 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate or 1—2- ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, 20-65 mm. long, 15-40 mm. broad, pinnately incised, the lobes mucronulate; petioles 1—-2.5 dm. long; cauline leaves with broadly dilated sheaths, pin- nate to ternate-pinnate; peduncles 3-24 cm. long; involucre of 1—several filiform bracts up to 1 cm. long, or wanting; involucel of several linear, acute, scarious-margined bractlets, often slightly connate at the base, 2-8 mm. long, a little shorter than the flowers; rays 10-20, sub- equal, 15-50 (75?) mm. long; pedicels 4-12 mm. long; fruit oval, 4-6 mm. long, 2—3 mm. broad, slightly compressed dorsally, the dorsal ribs low, unwinged, the lateral narrowly corky-winged; seed much flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Antonita, New Mexico, Bigelow. DISTRIBUTION: Rocky Mountains, Wyoming and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona (Baker 895, Nelson 8701). 4. Conioselinum cnidiifolium (Turez.) A. Porsild, Rhodora 41: 267. 1939. Selinum cnidiifolium Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 13:72. 1840. Selinum Dawsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 144. 1888. Conioselinum Dawsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 152. 1900. Stout, sparingly branched, 5—9 dm. high; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, exclud- ing the petioles 10-20 cm. long, 8-15 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately dissected, the leaflets ovate, 10-20 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, pinnatifid, the lobes acute; peduncles 8—20 em. long; involucre of 1-several narrow, scarious bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear-oblong, scarious, aristate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 12-30, subequal, 20-55 mm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs winged almost as strongly as the lateral; seed only moderately flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Typk Loca.ity: ‘“‘Inter Jakutzk et fl. Aldan,’’ Siberia, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Mackenzie district and Yukon Territory, west to Alaska and Siberia (Dawson 23, Mexia 2155). 76. ANGELICA L. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. Gingidium Forst. Char. Gen. 41. 1776. Ostericum Hoftm. Gen. Umbell. 162. 1814. Archangelica Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 161. 1814. Callisace Fisch. in Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. ed. 2.170. 1816. Tommasinia Bertol. Fl. Ital. 3: 414. 1838. Scadiasis Raf. New FI. 4: 34. 1838. (Hyponym.) Gomphopetalum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 14: 539, 1841. Coelopleurum Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 361. 1844. Czernaevia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 17: 739. 1844. Eustylis Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1: 90, as subg. 1852. Angelophyllum Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich. 11: 8. 1859. Rompelia K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 125. 1916. Stout and fistulose or slender, usually erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous to tomentose perennials, from stout taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately or Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 193 pinnately compound, the leaflets broad and distinct, serrate, dentate, or lobed. Petioles sheathing, the cauline sheaths often inflated and bladeless. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal, or terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting, or of conspicuous bracts nearly equaling the rays. Involucel of numerous narrow, entire bractlets, or wanting. Rays numerous to few, spreading-ascending, frequently webbed. Pedicels slender, spreading, frequently webbed. Flowers white, pink, or purplish; petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex, glabrous to tomentose dorsally; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles short to long, spreading or recurved, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong-oval to orbicular, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous to tomentose; dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged or corky-winged, the lateral broadly thin-winged or corky-winged; oil-tubes numerous to few, adhering to the seed or to the pericarp; seed flattened dorsally, often sulcate under the tubes, free or attached to the pericarp, the face plane. Type species, Angelica Archangelica L. (A. officinalis Hoffm.). Oil-tubes numerous, adhering to the seed, which is free in the pericarp at maturity. Plants stout, 6-25 dm. high; leaflets 3-15 cm. long, 1.5—10 em. broad; rays 0-45, 3-10 cm. long. Ribs of the fruit thick and corky, broader than the intervals; maritime. 1. A. lucida. Ribs of the fruit thin, narrower than the intervals. Dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged, much narrower than the lateral; leaflets not crowded. 2. A. atropurpurea, Dorsal and lateral ribs about equally winged; leaflets crowded. Bractlets of the involucel 10-15 mm. long, usually exceeding the flowers; inflorescence densely puberulent. 3. A. laurentiana. Bractlets of the involucel 3-6 mm. long, shorter than the flowers; inflorescence glabrous to sparingly puberulent. 4. A. ampla. Plants slender, 3-9 dm. high; leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 em. broad; rays 5-10, 1.5-3 cm. long. 5. A. dentata. Oil-tubes few, the seed adhering to the pericarp. Leaves ternate-pinnately decompound, the divisions linear to linear- oblong, 2-10 em. long, 2-8 mm. broad. 6. A. lineariloba. Leaves ternately, pinnately, or ternate-pinnately divided with oval to lanceolate leaflets. Ovaries pubescent or roughened. Petals pubescent or scabrous dorsally; California and Nevada. Leaves oblong; rays 7-14; fruit 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. 7. A. Kingit. Leaves ovate to deltoid; rays 25-45; fruit 7-14 mm. long, 4-9 mm. broad. Leaves white-tomentose beneath, green above; maritime. 8. A. Hendersoni. Leaves scaberulous to villous, but not tomentose. Leaves ternately or ternate-pinnately divided; foliage and inflorescence glabrate to villous; leaflets ser- rate to entire; bractlets of the involucel several, villous. Foliage glaucous, villous with some forked hairs; - Coast Ranges and southern California. 9. A. tomentosa. Foliage green, glabrate to somewhat villous; Sierra Nevada. 10. A. Breweri. Leaves ternate-pinnate; foliage and inflorescence scaberu- lous; leaflets spinulose-dentate; involucel wanting. 11. A. scabrida. Petals glabrous; not Californian (except no. 15). Involucel wanting. Fruit orbicular, 3-6 mm. long, glabrous; leaves oblong to oval, pinnate to incompletely bipinnate. 12. A. pinnata. Fruit oblong-oval, 5-7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, pubes- cent; leaves deltoid, ternate-pinnately divided. Stout; rays 30-40; ovaries hispid; lateral wings of the fruit narrower than the body; Utah. 13. A. Wheeleri. Slender; rays 15-25; ovaries tomentose or scabrous; lateral wings of the fruit equaling the body; Columbia Plateau. 14. A. Canbyi. Involucel present. Main leaf-divisions reflexed and the rachis geniculate; ovaries hispidulous, fruit glabrous; Pacific Coast. 15. A. genuflexa. Main leaf-divisions not reflexed; rachis not geniculate; ova- ries and fruit scabrous or tomentose. Fruit orbicular, tomentose; wings thin, the lateral broader than the dorsal and broader than the body; leaves serrate. 16. A. venenosa. Fruit oblong, scabrous; wings corky and subequal, the lateral narrower than the body; leaves dentate. 17. A. Roseana. 194 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Ovaries glabrous. Inflorescence simple, the umbel solitary; involucral bracts con- spicuous, nearly equaling the rays. 18. A. Dawsoni. Inflorescence branched, the umbels several to many; involucre wanting, or of a solitary bract. Plants low, 2-6 dm. high; bractlets of the involucel lanceolate; flowers purplish-brown. 19. A. Grayi. Plants tall, 6-20 dm. high; bractlets of the involucel linear to filiform, or wanting; flowers white or pink. Pedicels conspicuously webbed; involucel usually wanting; lateral wings of the fruit about equaling the body. 20. A. arguta. Pedicels not conspicuously webbed; involucel of numerous bractlets; lateral wings of the fruit exceeding the body. Leaflets acuminate; bractlets of the involucel shorter than the flowers; fruit oval, 4-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad. 21. A. triquinata. Leaflets acute; bractlets of the involucel usually exceed- : ing the flowers; fruit orbicular, 3-5 mm. long. 22. A. Nelsont. 1. Angelica lucida L. Sp. Pl. 251. 1753. Ferula canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 247. 1753. Angelica Archangelica sensu Pennant, Arct. Zool. 1: exv. 1785. Not A. Archangelica L. 1753. Ligusticum actaeifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Not L. actaeifolium of authors. Imperatoria lucida Spreng. Umbell. Prodr. 17. 1813. Angelica Archangelica sensu Schrank, Denks. Bot. Ges. Regensb. 12: 13. 1818. Not A. Archan- gelica I,. 1753. Angelica Archangelica sensu Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 394. 1826. Not A. Archangelica L. 1753. Archangelica Gmelini DC. Prodr. 4: 170. 1830. Archangelica officinalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 267. 1832. Not A. officinalis Hoffm. 1814. A pium ternatum Pall.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.1:112. 1840. Archangelica peregrina Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 622. 1840. Coelopleurum Gmelini Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 361. 1844. Coelopleurum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900. Coelopleurum maritimum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900. Coelopleurum actaeifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900. Coelopleurum lucidum Fernald, Rhodora 21: 146. 1919. Coelopleurum lucidum £. frondosum Fernald, Rhodora 21: 147. 1919. Stout, 6-12 dm. high, the foliage essentially glabrous, the inflorescence villous; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 dm. long, 1—3-ternate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtuse, sessile or petiolulate, 3-15 cm. long, 2-10 cm. broad, spinulose-serrate to crenate-dentate; petioles stout, 1-6 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with broadly dilated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1-2 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of a few deciduous bracts; involucel of numerous linear to linear-lanceolate, villous bractlets, 5-15 mm. long, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, 20-45, spreading-ascending, subequal, 3-10 cm. long; pedicels 5—15 mm. long, spreading-ascending; flowers white, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-oval, 4-9 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs all about equally narrowly winged and corky-thickened, or the lateral slightly broader than the dorsal but narrower than the body; oil-tubes small, continuous about the seed; seed- face concave. ‘TYPE LocaLity: Canada, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Maritime, from Labrador to New York, and Alaska to northern California; Siberia and the Kurile Islands. (Fernald & Long 24,254, Macoun 67,963, Suksdorf 1200, Tracy 4581.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 2, f. 19, 20 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 520; ed. 2. 2: 646; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 141 (fr.). 2. Angelica atropurpurea L,. Sp. Pl. 251. 1753. Archangelica atropur purea Hoffm. Gen. Umbell. 162. 1814. (Nomen nudum.) Angelica atropurpurea var. occidentalis Fassett, Rhodora 33:74. 1931. Stout, 10-20 dm. high, the foliage essentially glabrous, the inflorescence scabrous; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-2.5 dm. long, 2.5—3 dm. broad, pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, petiolulate or sessile, 3-12 cm. long, 1.5—6 cm. broad, serrate; petioles stout, 1-3 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with conspicuously dilated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 195 petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 5—25 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few filiform, scaberulous bractlets, 2-5 mm. long; rays numerous, 25-45, spreading, subequal, 7-10 cm. long; pedicels 10-20 mm. long, spreading; flowers white, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries glabrous to scaberulous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-oval, 8-9 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes small, continuous about the seed; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: River banks, Labrador to Delaware and west to Illinois and Minnesota (Blan- chard 2016, Heady 510). ILLusTRATIONS: Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 64; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 512; ed. 2. 2: 637; Bull. U.S. Dep. Agr. Pl. Ind. 107: pl. 6; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 603; Fassett, Man. Aquat. Pl. 272. 3. Angelica laurentiana Fernald, Rhodora 28: 222. 1926. Stout, 10-20 dm. high, the foliage glabrous, the inflorescence densely puberulent; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-4 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute, sessile or petiolulate, crowded, 6-10 cm. long, 3.5—5 cm. broad, coarsely serrate; petioles stout, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, the upper with conspicu- ously dilated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 2-3 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear to filiform bractlets, 10-15 mm. long, usually exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, about 40, spreading-ascending, sub- equal, 5-10 em. long; pedicels 6-12 mm. long, spreading; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong- oval, 7-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs all about equally narrowly winged, narrower than the body, the wings thin; oil-tubes small, continuous about the seed; seed-face plane. a . Type Locauity: “Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Newfoundland,” Fernald, Wiegand & Long 28,784. DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland; Quebec. (Fernald & Long 28,782, St. John 90,6206.) 4. Angelica ampla A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 375. 1898. Stout, 15-25 dm. high, the foliage glabrous, the inflorescence glabrous to sparingly puberu- lent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-35 cm. long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, sessile, crowded, 3-20 cm. long, 2-10 cm. broad, serrate; petioles stout, 1-4 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar but greatly reduced above with conspicuously dilated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 2-18 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of a few filiform bractlets, 3-6 mm. long; rays numerous, 30-45, spreading, subequal, 4-10 em. long; pedicels 5-12 mm. long, spreading; flowers white, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-oval, 7-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the ribs about equally narrowly winged, narrower than the body, the wings thin; oil- tubes small, continuous about the seed; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Sand Creek, Wyoming, near the Colorado line, A. Nelson 2046. DISTRIBUTION: Rocky Mountains, Wyoming and Colorado (Macbride 2007c, Nelson 8807). 5. Angelica dentata (Chapm.) Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz.12:61. 1887. Archangelica dentata Chapm.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 622. 1840. Slender, 3-9 dm. high, the foliage essentially glabrous, the inflorescence more or less scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 0.5—1.2 dm. long, biternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, sessile, 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, sinuate-dentate; petioles slender, 8-20 cm. long, inconspicuously sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with narrow and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles slender, 2-5 cm. long; involucre wanting or of a filiform bract; involucel of several filiform, scaberulous bractlets, 3-8 mm. long; rays few, 5-10, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1.5—3 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long, spreading-ascend- ing; flowers white, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries glabrous to scaberulous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oval, 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform to nar- 196 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, rowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes small, continuous about the seed; seed-face plane. Type Locaity: ‘‘Sandy barrens, Gadsden County, middle Florida,” Chapman. DISTRIBUTION: Pine barrens, Georgia to Florida (Curtiss 1014, 6709). ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 2, f. 17. 6. Angelica lineariloba A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868. Angelica lineariloba var. Culbertsonii Jepson, Man, FI. Pl. Calif. 728. 1925. Stout, 5-15 dm. high, the foliage scabrous to glabrate, the inflorescence more or less scabrous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3.5 dm. long, ternate- pinnately decompound, linear to linear-oblong, mucronate, acute, sessile, 2-10 cm. long, 2-8 mm. broad, entire; petioles 5-25 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with dilated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1.5-3 dm. long; involucre wanting or of a sheathlike bract; involucel wanting; rays numerous, 20-40, spreading-ascending, subequal, 3-7 cm. long; pedicels 3-10 mm. long, spreading; flowers white or pinkish, the petals oval, glabrous to scaberulous; ovaries glabrous to scabrous; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong to cuneate, 10-13 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, scaberulous to glabrate, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary or a pair in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Ostrander’s Meadows, Yosemite Valley, California, 2400 m., Bolander. DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Sierra Nevada, Sweetwater, and Panamint ranges, Cali- fornia and adjacent Nevada (Keck & Abrams 2906, Hall & Chandler 7128). 7. Angelica Kingii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat: Herbs 72 158: 1900: Selinum Kingii S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 126. 1871. Stout, 3-9 dm. high, the foliage glabrous to scaberulous, the inflorescence scaberulous to glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—4 dm. long, 1.5 dm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate to acute, sessile or petiolu- late, entire to remotely serrate; petioles 1.5—3 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above to bladeless sheaths, the petioles of the uppermost leaves wholly sheathing; peduncles slender, 1-1.5 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays few, 7-14, ascending, unequal, 0.5-10 cm. long, webbed; pedicels few, spreading-ascending, 1-6 mm. long, webbed; flowers white, the petals ovate-oblong, pubescent on the back; ovaries hispid; stylopodium low-conic to conic; fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, hispid, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral little broader than the dorsal and much narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals or 2 in the lateral, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE Locaity: ‘East and West Humboldt Mountains and in Ruby Valley,’’ Nevada, Watson 4506. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains, Nevada and adjacent Idaho to eastern California (Clokey & Clokey 5549, Heller 9309, Duran 554). 8. Angelica Hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 80. 1888. Stout, 3-8 dm. high, the foliage white-tomentose beneath, green above, the inflorescence tomentose; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets oval to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse to acute, sessile or petiolulate, 4-8 cm. long, 2.5—6 cm. broad, serrate; petioles 1-2 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with broadly dilated and occasionally bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1-3.5 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, tomentose bractlets, 5-7 mm. long, often exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, 30-45, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-6 cm. long; pedicels 1-8 mm. long, spread- ing-ascending; flowers white, the petals obovate, tomentose on the back; ovaries tomentose; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oval, 7-10 mm. long, 6-9 mm. broad, tomentose to glabrate, the Parr 2, 1945] ; UMBELLIFERAE 197 dorsal ribs scarcely winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil- tubes solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Bluffs moistened by sea spray,” Long Beach, Ilwaco, Pacific County, Washing- ton, Henderson 2158. DISTRIBUTION: Maritime bluffs, southern Washington to central California (Davy 6809, Maguire 17,204). ILLUSTRATION: Madrofio 1: 162. 9. Angelica tomentosa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876. Angelica californica Jepson, Erythea 1:8. 1893. Angelica tomentosa var. californica Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 356. 1901. Angelica tomentosa var. elata Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 356. 1901. Stout, 6-18 dm. high, the foliage glaucous beneath and villous with occasional forked hairs, the inflorescence villous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-45 cm. long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets acute to obtuse, sessile or petiolulate, oval to oblong or lanceolate, 3-15 cm. long, 1-8 em. broad, mucronulate-serrate; petioles stout, 2-3 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with dilated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 15-45 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear or filiform, villous bractlets, 2-5 mm. long; rays numerous, 25-40, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3-12 cm. long; pedicels 2-12 mm. long, spreading-ascend- ing; flowers white, the petals obovate, villous on the back; ovaries densely villous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong-oval, 8-10 mm. long) 6—7 mm. broad, villous to glabrate, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Crystal Springs, San Mateo County, California, Bolander. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges, southern Oregon to southern California (Baker 3354, Elmer 4998, Parish 7146). 10. Angelica Breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Stout, 9-12 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence glabrate to somewhat villous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-35 cm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets lanceolate, acute, petiolulate or sessile, 4-12 cm. long, 5-30 mm. broad, serrate to entire; petioles 2-3 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with inflated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1-3 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, villous bractlets, 4-6 mm. long, often exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, 25-40, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3-8 cm. long, webbed; pedicels spreading-ascending, 8-12 mm. long, inconspicuously webbed; flowers white, the petals oval to obovate, villous on the back; ovaries densely villous; stylopo- dium low-conic; fruit oblong to oval, 8-12 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, more or less villous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Nevada, near Ebbetts Pass, Alpine County, California, Brewer. DISTRIBUTION: Dry slopes; northern and central Sierra Nevada, California, and adjacent Nevada (Hansen 326, Baker 1473). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 650. 11. Angelica scabrida Clokey & Mathias; Clokey, Bull. So. Calif. Acad. 37:8. 1938. Stout, up to 15 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous, the inflorescence scaberulous; leaves del- toid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3.5 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, broad, acute, petiolulate or sessile, 8-16 cm. long, 2-7 em. broad, spinulose-dentate; petioles 1.5—2 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with dilated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1-2.5 dm. long; involucre wanting or of a single sheathlike bract; involucel wanting or of a linear bractlet; rays numerous, 25-32, spreading-ascending, subequal, 1—7.5 cm. long, webbed; pedicels 2-12 mm. long, spreading; flowers white, the petals oblong-oval, 198 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, scabrous on the back; ovaries scabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oblong to cuneate, 8-14 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, sparingly scabrous to glabrate, the dorsal ribs filiform to obsolete, the lateral broader than the dorsal but narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals or a pair in the lateral, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face plane. TPE LocaLiry: Charleston Park, Charleston Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, alt. 2200- 2400 m., I. W. & C. B. Clokey 5548. DISTRIBUTION: Charleston Mountains, southern Nevada. ILLUSTRATION: Bull. So. Calif. Acad. 37: 9. 12. Angelica pinnata S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 126. 1871. Angelica leporina S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 252. 1877. Slender, 2.5-9 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous to glabrate, the inflorescence scaberulous; leaves oblong to oval in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-17 dm. long, 5-17 dm. broad, pinnate to incompletely bipinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile or short-petiolulate, 3-9 cm. long, 0.5-3 cm. broad, serrate to rarely entire; petioles 0.4—2 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; pedun- cles slender, 1—7.5 dm. long; involucre wanting or of a sheathlike bract; involucel wanting; rays few, 6-25, ascending to spreading-ascending, unequal, 1-7.5 (or 10) cm. long, webbed; pedicels 3-8 mm. long, spreading-ascending, webbed; flowers white or pinkish, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries sparingly hispidulous; stylopodium conic; fruit nearly orbicular, 3-6 mm. long, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary or occasionally a pair in the intervals, several on the com- missure; seed-face slightly concave. Typk LOCALITY: Uinta Mountains, Utah, 2400 m., Watson 458. DISTRIBUTION: Wyoming and Colorado to Utah and New Mexico (Payson & Payson 2860, 4098, FE. Palmer 183). 13. Angelica Wheeleri S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 301. 1873. Angelica dilatata A. Nelson; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 12: 446. 1909. Stout, 5-10 dm. high, the foliage glabrous, the inflorescence scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-2.5 dm. long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile or petiolulate, 2-9 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, obscurely to incisely serrate; petioles 1-3 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with broadly inflated and often bladeless sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheath- ing; peduncles stout, 5-15 cm. long; involucre wanting or of a sheath-like bract; involucel wanting; rays numerous, 30-40, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3-13 cm. long, webbed; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, 5-15 mm. long, webbed, exceeding the fruit; flowers white, the petals oblong, glabrous; ovaries hispid; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong-oval, 5—7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, hispid, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal but narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals or 2 in the lateral, 4 on the com- missure; seed-face plane or slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Utah, Wheeler. DisTRIBUTION: Northern to central Utah (Garrett 2157, 7251, Rydberg & Carlton 7663). 14. Angelica Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 40. 1888. Slender, 5-12 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous, the inflorescence glabrous to sparingly scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 0.8-2 dm. long, 6-16 cm. broad, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, petiolulate or sessile, 2-6 cm. long, 8-30 mm. broad, serrate to laciniate-serrate and often few-lobed; petioles 0.5-2.5 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with dilated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles slender, 4-15 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays few, 15-25, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2-6 cm. long, webbed; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, 3-12 mm. long, webbed; flowers white, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries tomentose or scabrous; stylopodium conic; fruit oval to oblong, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 199 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, sparingly tomentose to scabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals or 2 in the lateral, several on the commissure; seed-face plane. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Low grassy ground along streams, Klickitat River, near Mount Adams,” Washington, Suksdorf 763. DISTRIBUTION: Central Washington and adjacent Oregon (Thompson 4951, 14,250, Sandberg & Leiberg 420). ILLUSTRATION: Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. f. /4. 15. Angelica genuflexa Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 620. 1840. Angelica refracta F. Schmidt, Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersb. VII. 127: 138. 1868. Stout, 4-18 dm. high, the foliage glabrous to somewhat scaberulous, the inflorescence hispidulous to pilose; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 dm. long, ternate-pinnate or biternate, the main divisions frequently reflexed and the rachis genicu- late, the leaflets broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, sessile or petiolulate, 4-10 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, coarsely serrate to incised; petioles stout, 1-6 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, the sheaths conspicuously dilated and often bladeless, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 1—3 dm. long; involucre wanting; involu- cel of numerous Hnear to filiform, hispidulous bractlets, 5-10 mm. long, about equaling the flowers; rays numerous, 22-45, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2—7 cm. long; pedicels 5—15 mm. long, spreading-ascending, inconspicuously webbed; flowers white or pinkish, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries hispidulous; stylopodium conic; fruit nearly orbicular, 3-4 mm. long, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equal- ing the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Wappatoo Island, Oregon, and near Fort Vancouver, Washington,” Nuttall, DisTriBution: Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, south to northern California; Siberia, Sakhalin, and the Kurile Islands. (Leiberg 701, Thompson 426, 11,196, Elmer 2765.) 16. Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald, Rhodora 45: 301. 1943. Ferula villosa Walt. Fl. Car. 115. 1788. Not Angelica villosa gs 1816. Cicuta venenosa Greenway, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 3: 235. 1793 Pastinaca triquinala Spreng. Sp. Umbell. 68. 1818. ' Archangelica hirsuta T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 622. 1840. Cicuta venenata Nutt.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 362. 1840. (Nomen nudum.) Angelica villosa B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. ¥Y. 22. 1888. Not A. villosa Lag. 1816. Archangelica villosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 256. 1891. Slender, 6-10 dm. high, the foliage scaberulous to glabrate, the inflorescence tomentulose; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15-25 cm. long, ternate-pinnately di- vided, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, sessile, 2.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, mucronulate-serrate; petioles 6-20 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with dilated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles slender, 2-10 em. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear, acuminate, tomentulose bractlets, 2-6 mm. long; rays numerous, 20-35, spreading-ascending, subequal, 1-8 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 2-10 mm. long; flowers white, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries densely tomentose; stylopodium low-conic; fruit nearly orbicular, 4-6 mm. long, tomentose, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and broader than the body; oil-tubes several in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, Greenway. DistR1BuTION: Massachusetts to Florida, west to Minnesota and Mississippi (Rydberg 9520, Blomquist 343). EEE ONS uEPFenE: Sp. Umbell. pl. 6, f. 12; Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1: pl. 36; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 512; ed. 2. 2: 637 17. Angelica Roseana Henderson, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5:201. 1899. Rompelia Roseana K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 125. 1916, Low and stout, 3-8.5 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence scaberulous to puberulent or glabrate; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-30 cm. long, 1—3-ternate or 200 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse, strongly reticulate, 1-7 cm. long, 5-30 mm. broad, mucronate-dentate to spinulose-dentate; petioles 0.5-2.5 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with large elongated and in- flated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 5-20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or occasionally of a few filiform or foliaceous bracts; involucel of a few filiform or linear, scaberulous bractlets, 1.5-16 mm. long; rays 15-35, spreading-ascending, unequal, 3-13 em. long, webbed; pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, 5-11 mm. long, webbed, exceeding the fruit; flowers white or pink, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries scabrous; stylo- podium conic; fruit oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, scaberulous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 4 on the com- missure; seed-face plane to slightly concave. Typr Locatity: ‘Banks of dried, gravelly rills, foothills of the Lost River Mountains,”’ near Salmon, Fremont County, Idaho, Henderson 40065. DIsTRIBUTION: Mountains, Montana and Colorado to Idaho and northern Utah (Payson & Payson 5123, Nelson 2355, 3493). ILLustRaTIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: pl. 26; 7: pl. 6. 18. Angelica Dawsoni S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885. Thaspium aureum var. involucratum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 83. 1888. Slender, 3-9 dm. high, the foliage essentially glabrous, the inflorescence glabrate to scaberu- lent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-25 cm. long, 1—3-ternate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, petiolulate or sessile, 3-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, spinulose-serrate; petioles 1-5 dm. long, obscurely sheathing at the base; cauline leaves none or few, reduced above, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles slender, 3-6 dm. long; involucre of about 10 oblanceolate, foliaceous, acuminate, laciniate bracts, 15-25 mm. long, nearly equaling the rays; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts, 4-8 mm. long, exceeding the flowers; rays few, 10-20, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-4 cm. long; pedicels 5—8 mm. long, spreading-ascending; flowers white, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium conic; fruit oblong-oval, 5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal but narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, several on the commissure; seed-face plane. TypE LOCALITY: ‘Rocky Mountains near the boundary, alt. 6500 ft.,”” Lyall. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta and British Columbia to northern Montana and Idaho (Kirkwood 1785, Leiberg 1455). 19. Angelica Grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: 154. 1900. Selinum Grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz, 13: 144. 1888. Low and stout, 2-6 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence more or less scabrous; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-17 cm. long, 3-12 cm. broad, pin- nate to incompletely bipinnate or ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute, petiolulate or sessile, 1-5 em. long, 5-25 mm. broad, serrate; petioles 4-12 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, with conspicuously dilated sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 2-12 cm. long; involucre wanting or of a foliaceous bract; involucel of numerous lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous bractlets, 5—18 mm. long, often exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, spreading-ascending, 2.5-6 cm. long, webbed; pedicels 2-6 mm. long, spreading-ascending, webbed; flowers purplish-brown, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium conic; fruit oval, 4-5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal but narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed-face plane. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Westons Pass, in high mountains of Colorado, alt. 3450 m.,”’ Coulter. DISTRIBUTION: Alpine rock slides of the Rocky Mountains, Wyoming to Colorado (NV elson 7923, Payson & Payson 4149). ILLUSTRATION: Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 21 (fr.). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 201 20. Angelica arguta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 620. 1840. Angelica Lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882. Angelica Piperi Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 631. 1917. Stout, 5-20 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence glabrous to scaberulous; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3 dm. long, 1.5—2 dm. broad, bi- pinnate or ternate-pinnate or rarely simply pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute, sessile or petiolulate, 5-15 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, spinulose-serrate; petioles 1-3 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced upwards, with dilated sheaths, the upper- most often bladeless, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 8-25 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting or occasionally of a few filiform bractlets; rays numerous, 18-45, spreading-ascending, subequal, 1-8 cm. long, webbed; pedicels 2-10 mm. long, spreading- ascending, conspicuously webbed; flowers white or pinkish, the petals obovate, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit oval to orbicular or obovoid, 4-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, several on the commissure; seed-face plane. Tyre Locatity: “‘Wappatoo Island, Oregon, and near Fort Vancouver, Washington,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta to Montana and Wyoming, west to British Columbia, south to Utah and northern California (Leiberg 1333, Thompson 7736, Nelson & Nelson 6579). 21. Angelica triquinata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 167. 1803. Oxy polis triquin Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Angelica Curtisii Buckl. Am. Jour. Sci. 45: 173. 1843. Stout, 6-18 dm. high, the foliage glabrous to slightly scaberulous, the inflorescence scaberu- lous; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—-3 dm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, petiolulate or sessile, 4-6 cm. long, 1.5—-3.5 cm. broad, serrate to incised; petioles 1—-1.5 dm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves similar, reduced above with slightly dilated and often bladeles; sheaths, the uppermost petioles wholly sheathing; peduncles stout, 8-15 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of numerous linear bractlets, 2-5 mm. long; rays few, 10-25, spreading- ascending, subequal, 3-8 cm. long; pedicels 5-12 mm. long, spreading-ascending; flowers white, the petals oblong-oval, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit broadly oval, 4-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal and exceeding the body; oil-tubes solitary to several in the intervals, about 4 on the commissure; seed-face plane. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In Canada”’ (presumably an error for ‘‘ Carolina’’), collector unknown. DistrRrBuTion: Allegheny Mountains, from Pennsylvania to North Carolina (Killip 36,012, 36,024) ILLustTRations: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 2, f. 14, 15 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 511; ed. 2. 2: 636. 22. Angelica Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 294. 1895. Angelica Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 295, 1895. Angelica Seatoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 295. 1895. Angelica polycarpa Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 148. 1900. Slender, 6-15 dm. high, the foliage sparsely villous, the inflorescence more or less scaberu- lous to villous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—6 dm. long, 1.2-4 dm. broad, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, sessile or petiolulate, 3-7 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, mucronulate-serrate; petioles 2-6 dm. long, sheathing at the base; peduncles slender, 1-2 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several filiform, villous bractlets, 8-12 mm. long, often exceeding the flowers; rays numerous, 20-35, spreading- ascending, subequal, 3-8 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 3-15 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish, the petals oval, glabrous; ovaries glabrous; stylopodium low-conic; fruit almost orbicular, 3-5 mm. long, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the 202 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, dorsal and broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary or occasionally 2 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure; seed-face plane to concave. oor piy ta LOCALITY: ‘“‘Wet meadows of Sierra de Clavellinas, 9000 ft. alt.,"’ Oaxaca, E. W. Nelson DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz and Mexico to Oaxaca (Pringle 4748, 6467, 13,525). 77. SPHENOSCIADIUM A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 536. 1866. Tall, stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching perennials, glabrous up to the tomen- tose inflorescence, from thick roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, once or twice pinnately or ternate-pinnately compound, the leaflets broad or narrow, serrate to pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing, inflated. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre wanting. Involucel of numerous linear-setaceous, tomentose bractlets. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending or ultimately reflexed. Pedicels reduced to a tomentose disk. Flowers white or purplish; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium small, conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit cuneate-obovoid, strongly flattened dorsally, tomentose; dorsal ribs prominent and usually narrowly winged, the lateral more broadly winged; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Sphenosciadium capitellatum A. Gray. 1. Sphenosciadium capitellatum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 537. 1866. Selinum capitellatum S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 126. 1871. Selinum eryngiifolium Greene, Pittonia 2: 102. 1890. Selinum validum Congdon, Erythea 7: 185. 1900. Sphenosciadium eryngiifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 128. 1900. Sphenosciadium capitellatum var. eryngiifolium Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 729. 1925. Sphenosciadium capitellatum var. scabrum Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 729. 1925. Sphenosciadium capitellatum var. validum Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 729. 1925. Plants 5-18 dm. high, the foliage scabrous, the inflorescence tomentose; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-4 dm. long, 5-30 cm. broad, 1—2-pinnate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets linear-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 1-12 cm. long, 0.5-5 em. broad, distinct or confluent, acute, remotely serrate to coarsely dentate, incised or pinnatifid, paler and scabrous beneath; petioles 1-4 dm. long; upper cauline leaves reduced to conspicuously dilated sheaths; peduncles 7-40 cm. long; rays 4-18, spreading-ascending or ultimately reflexed, 1.5-10 em. long, densely tomentose; fruit 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, tomentose, the dorsal ribs prominent or narrowly winged, the lateral more broadly winged. Typr Locality: ‘In the Sierra Nevada, near Ebbett’s Pass, Alpine County, California,” Brewer. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Idaho and Oregon to the Sierra Nevada, California, and adjacent Nevada (Copeland 430, Duran 770, Heller 7148). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 127 (fr.); Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 729. 78. LEVISTICUM Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. ZO S252 Hipposelinum Britt. & Rose in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 634. 1913. Stout, herbaceous, caulescent, branching perennials, glabrous except for the scaberulous inflorescence. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately or pinnately decompound, the divisions broadly cuneate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of numerous narrow, entire, reflexed bracts. In- volucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels short, spreading. Flowers yellowish-white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx- teeth obsolete; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid-oblong, flattened dorsally, glabrous; ribs narrowly winged, the wings subequal; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Ligusticum Levisticum L. (Levisticum officinale Koch). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 203 1. Levisticum officinale Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: 101. 1825. Ligusticum Levisticum L,. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. Angelica paludapifolia Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 451. 1778. Angelica levisticum All. Fl. Ped. 2:10. 1785. Levisticum vulgare Reichenb. Fl. Germ. Exc, 463. 1832. Levisticum paludapifolium Asch. Fl. Brand. 1: 250. 1860. Levisticum Levisticum Karst. Deuts. Fl. 844. 1882. Selinum Levisticum E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 116. 1904. Hipposelinum Levisticum Britt. & Rose in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 635. 1913. Plants 1—2 m. high; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 25-70 cm. long, 15-65 cm. broad, pinnately decompound, the leaflets broadly ovate to oblong, cuneate, 3-11 cm. long, 1-7 cm. broad, coarsely dentate or lobed above the middle; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre of numerous lanceolate, acute, scarious bracts, 5-10 mm. long, reflexed; involu- cel of bractlets like the bracts, up to 5 mm. long; rays 12—20, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2-6 cm. long, scaberulous; pedicels spreading, 1-5 mm. long, densely scaberulous; fruit ovoid- oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, compressed dorsally, the ribs all about equally narrowly winged; oil-tubes small, 1 or 2 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed-face plane. Type Loca.ity: ‘In Apenninis Liguriae,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Europe; escaped from cultivation, Vermont to Pennsylvania and New Jersey, Missouri, New Mexico. ILLUSTRATIONS: Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12: pl. 10, f. 41; Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 410; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 635. 79. ANETHUM L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous and glaucous annuals, with a strong anise odor, from subfusiform roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately dis- sected with filiform divisions. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, longer than the leaves. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel usually wanting. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading. Flow- ers yellow; petals suborbicular with a narrower, obtuse, inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles short, reflexed, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit ovoid, flattened dorsally, glabrous; ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broader than the dorsal; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Anethum graveolens L. 1. Anethum graveolens L. Sp. Pl. 263. 1753. Peucedanum Anethum Baillon, Traité Bot. Méd. 1045. 1884. Alternately branching above, 4-17 dm. high; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 13-35 cm. long, 11-20 cm. broad, pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions filiform, 4-20 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. broad; petioles 5—6 cm. long; upper cauline leaves greatly reduced; peduncles 7-16 cm. long; rays 10—45, spreading, 3-10 cm. long; pedicels 20-50, 6-10 mm. long; fruit ovoid, about 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. ‘TYPE Loca.ity: “Inter Lusitaniae et Hispaniae segetes,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; adventive throughout the United States, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1968; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 173; Britt. & Brown, III. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 634. 80. EURYTAENIA T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 633. 1840. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, somewhat scaberulous annuals, from slender taproots. Basal leaves petiolate, membranaceous, lobed or pinnatifid with obtuse, crenate-serrate lobes, the cauline pinnately or ternate-pinnately dissected with narrow, often elongate, entire or serrate divisions. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of several 3-cleft, reflexed bracts shorter than therays. Involucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays few, spreading-ascending, scaberu- 204 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, lous. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending, scaberulous. Flowers white; petals obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent; styles slender, reflexed, the stylopodium de- pressed. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oval to orbicular, strongly flattened dorsally, scaberulous; dorsal ribs filiform to narrowly winged, the lateral ribs broadly thick-winged, the wings narrower than the body, prominently nerved near the middle, their margins thin and contiguous; oil-tubes large and flattened, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells prominent in the ribs. Type species, Eurytaenia texana T. & G. 1. Eurytaenia texana T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 633. 1840. Eurytenia macrophylla Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 455. 1862. Plants 3-12 dm. high, scaberulous in the inflorescence or glabrate; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, lobed or pinnatifid with obtuse, crenate to serrate lobes; petioles 2—5 cm. long; cauline leaves pinnately or ternate-pinnately dis- sected, the divisions oblong-lanceolate to linear or even filiform, sharply serrate to entire, the terminal often elongate; peduncles 4-15 cm. long; involucre of about 5 3-cleft bracts, 5-10 mm. long, scarious-margined toward the base; involucel of several bractlets like the bracts; rays 8-15, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1.5-8 cm. long, scaberulous; pedicels 5-8 mm. long, scaberulous; fruit orbicular to ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, minutely scaberulous, emarginate at the apex, strongly compressed dorsally, the dorsal ribs filiform or very narrowly winged, the lateral ribs broadly thick-winged, the wings narrower than the body, distinctly nerved on the com- missural side, their margins thin and contiguous; oil-tubes large, flattened, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed-face plane. Typré Locatity: Austin, Texas, Drummond. DISTRIBUTION: Oklahoma to eastern Texas (Cory 13,883, 14,868, Hall 256). ILLUSTRATIONS: Marcy, Expl. pl. 7; Flora 83: 273 (veg.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 126 (fr.). 81. MYRRHIDENDRON Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 19: 466. 1894. Tall, erect, caulescent, branching, glabrous or pubescent trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets acute or acuminate, ser- rate. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre of a few bracts, or wanting. Involucel of few to numerous, usually cleft or divided bractlets. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading- ascending. Flowers white; calyx-teeth obsolete; stylopodium low-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong to linear, flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral somewhat broader; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2 or 3 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, sulcate beneath the tubes, the face plane. Type species, Myrrhidendron Donnellsmithiit Coult. & Rose. Petioles half-sheathing; petiolules with a membranaceous stipular ring; pe- duncles 3-8 cm. long. 1. M. Maxonit. Petioles wholly sheathing; petiolules with a glandular-tufted stipular ring; peduncles 10-28 cm. long. 2. M. Donnellsmithii. 1. Myrrhidendron Maxonii Coult. & Rose, Jour. Wash. Acad. 17: 214. 1927. Stout, glaucous herbs or small trees, 2-4 m. high from stout tap roots; leaves 3-4 dm. long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, acute to acuminate, sharply and often irregularly serrate with spinulose teeth to somewhat laciniately lobed, shining and de- pressed-venose above, paler beneath, conspicuously reticulate, the petiolules with a mem- branaceous stipular ring; petioles with purplish inflated sheaths about one-half their length; cauline leaves reduced upwards, sometimes to bladeless sheaths; peduncles short, 3-8 cm. long, densely glandular-puberulent above; involucre of 1-3 entire or apically toothed, linear bracts, up to 2.5 em. long; involucel of several prominently purplish-veined, entire to 5-cleft bractlets with laciniate spinulose lobes, exceeding the flowers, 5-10 mm. long; fruiting rays unequal, 3-6 Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 205 em. long, glandular-puberulent on the angles; pedicels 7-9 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; fruit linear, 15-20 mm. long. TypE LOCALITY: Cuesta Grande, eastern slope of Chiriqui Volcano, 2000-2900 m., Panama, Maxon 5311. 4 ' DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality (Davidson 983, Pittier 3099). 2. Myrrhidendron Donnellsmithii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 19: 466. 1894. Myrrhidendron chirripoense Siisseng. Bot. Jahrb. 72: 280. 1942. Stout herbs or shrubs, 1.5-6 m. high, the trunks 7.5 cm. in diameter at the base, the branches about 3.5 cm. in diameter; leaves 2-3 dm. or more long, ternate-pinnately divided, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 2.5-10 cm. long, acute to acuminate, sharply and often irregu- larly serrate with spinulose teeth to somewhat laciniately lobed, glabrous, shining, and im- pressed-venose above, dull and paler beneath, conspicuously reticulate, the petiolules with a prominent, glandular-tufted stipular ring; petioles glaucous, broadly inflated-sheathing through- out; cauline leaves reduced upwards, with conspicuously inflated sheaths; peduncles 1—2.8 dm. long, densely glandular-puberulent above; involucre of a few scarious-margined, entire or lobed, purplish-veined bracts, up to 1.5 cm. long, or wanting; involucel of numerous scarious-margined, purplish-veined bractlets, 3-4-toothed or cleft, the lobes laciniate, spinulose, exceeding the flowers, 5-10 mm. long; fruiting rays subequal, 3.5-7 cm. long, glandular-puberulent on the angles; pedicels 8-12 mm. long, glandular-puberulent; fruit linear, 10-18 mm. long. Pi LOCALITY: Lava beds at the summit of the Volcano Irazu, Costa Rica, J. Donnell Smith DISTRIBUTION: Volcanic peaks of Guatemala and Costa Rica (Stork 2340, 2016, Quiros 326). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot, Gaz. 19: pl. 32; Bot. Jahrb. 72: pl. 3, f. 6. 82. PRIONOSCIADIUM S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 275. 1888. Langlassea H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 420. 1911. Mostly stout, tall, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching or simple, glabrous or pubescent perennials, from stout taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternate-pinnate to ternate-pinnately decompound, the leaflets filiform to ovate, serrate to pinnately divided or rarely entire, the rachis frequently winged. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose com- pound umbels; peduncles. terminal and lateral, usually numerous, opposite or whorled, occa- sionally few, alternate. Involucre wanting, or of a few filiform bracts. Involucel of several filiform to linear-lanceolate, entire bractlets shorter than the fruit. Fertile rays few to numer- ous, spreading-ascending, spreading, or divaricate. Fertile pedicels few, spreading. Flowers white, greenish-yellow, or purple; petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute; styles slender, recurved; ovary glabrous to pilose; stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base, each division usually bifid at the apex. Fruit oblong to orbicular or ellipsoid, frequently retuse at apex and base, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous or rarely hispidulous; dorsal ribs prominent and occasionally narrowly winged, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings narrower or broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary to several in the intervals, 4-12 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, frequently channeled beneath the intervals, the face slightly concave to involute. Type species, Prionosciadium madrense S. Wats. Leaves ternate-pinnate to biternate-bipinnate; at least the secondary rachis Sera saa leaflets crenate to sharply doubly serrate, occasionally lobed Gare enone pubescent; fruit glabrous to pubescent. Leaflets subacuminate to acuminate at the apex. Rachis coarsely serrate-winged; leaflets coarsely serrate; fruit glabrous. ; 1. P. acuminatum. Rachis finely serrate-winged; leaflets finely serrate; fruit densely hispidulous at least on the body. 2. P. Nelsoni. Leaflets obtuse, rounded or abruptly acute at the apex. Primary rachis winged; involucre of several filiform bracts, 10-20 mm. long; fruit rounded or truncate at the apex. 3. P. serratum. 206 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Primary rachis essentially unwinged; involucre wanting or of one to several filiform bracts about 5 mm. long; fruit retuse at the apex. Fertile rays 17-30; fruit oval. 4. P. thapsoides. Fertile rays 6-10; fruit oblong. 4a. P. thapsoides var, Pringle: Ovary and fruit glabrous. Basal leaves 9-12 dm. long; leaflets 6-10 cm. broad; fruit 15-20 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad; Oaxaca. 6. P. megacarpum. Basal leaves 1.5—8 dm. long; leaflets 1-5.5 cm. broad; fruit 7-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad. Leaflets obtuse to abruptly acute; dorsal ribs of the fruit narrowly winged; lateral wings about equaling the body of the seed. Fertile rays 17-25, 2-4 cm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete. 4. P. thapsoides. Fertile rays 8-15, 1-2 em. long; calyx-teeth evident. 5. P. cuneatum. Leaflets acute to acuminate; dorsal ribs of the fruit unwinged; lateral wings broader than the body of the seed. Leaflets linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; inflorescence glabrous to slightly scaberulous; fertile rays 8-16. 7. P. Townsendi. Leaflets ovate; inflorescence scaberulous to puberulent; fertile rays 4-7. 8. P. diversifolium, Leaves ternate or ternate-pinnately decompound with filiform to linear divisions or ternate-pinnately divided with incised or lobed leaflets; rachis essentially unwinged. Leaflets filiform to linear, entire; ovary and young fruit puberulent. 9. P. filifolium. Leaflets linear to ovate, never entire; ovary and fruit glabrous. Plants stout, 10-40 dm. high; peduncles many, opposite to whorled. Leaflets linear to lanceolate, elongate, sharply and finely serrate to lobed below. Inflorescence glabrous; involucre wanting or of a single minute bract; wings and body of fruit heterochromous; lateral wings broader than the body, thin. 10. P. Watsoni. Inflorescence scaberulous; involucre of 1—several bracts, 6-12 mm. long; wings and body of fruit homochromous; lateral wings thick, about half the width of the body. 11. P. linearifolium. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate, pinnately incised to divided, the divi- sions coarsely serrate. Upper cauline leaves with conspicuous, orbicular, purplish sheaths; fertile rays 15-25. 12. P. dissectum. Upper cauline leaves with oblong or obsolete sheaths; fertile tays 4-12. Basal leaves about 2—3 dm. long; bractlets of the involucel equaling or longer than the flowers; fruit 8-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad. 13. P. madrense. Basal leaves 6-12 dm. long; bractlets of the involucel shorter than the flowers; fruit 10-13 mm. long, 7-11 mm.broad. 14. P. macrophyllum. Plants slender, 4-8 dm. high; peduncles few, alternate. Leaflets ovate, 4-6 cm. long, 30-45 mm. broad, serrate and incised; flowers greenish-yellow. 15. P. humile. Leaflets oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—2.5 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, finely serrate; flowers purple. 16. P. simplex. 1. Prionosciadium acuminatum B. L,. Robinson; Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 149. 1900. Prionosciadium mexicanum var. acuminatum B. L,. Robinson; Urbina, Cat. Pl. Mex. 108. 1897. Plants stout, 1-2 m. high, the inflorescence puberulent, the foliage glabrous to villous; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 dm. long, 1—2-ternate to 1—2- pinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, 5-12 cm. long, 2-5.6 cm. broad, sharply doubly serrate and often lobed toward the base, the sinuses nar- row, confluent by a coarsely serrate, winged rachis; upper cauline leaves opposite, ternate, the sheaths obsolete; inflorescence several times trifurcate or with some irregular branching; the peduncles slender, 2—6.5 cm. long, each subtended by a pair of leaves or occasionally by a soli- tary leaf; involucre of 1-several filiform bracts 5-20 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-7 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 3-8, spreading or divaricate, subequal, 1-3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-3, 2-6 mm. long; flowers greenish-yellow to purple, the ovary and young fruit hispidulous; fruit ovoid-oblong, rounded or truncate at the apex, retuse at the base, 8-14 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent to narrowly winged, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings much broader Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 207 than the body; oil-tubes small, 2-several in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, channeled under the intervals, the face sulcate. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Barranca near Guadalajara,”’ Jalisco, Pringle 3864. DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa to Michoac4n (Pringle 7634, 8635). 2. Prionosciadium Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 149. 1900. Langlassea eriocarpa H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 421. 1911. Plants stout, 1.5—2 m. high, the foliage and inflorescence hispidulous or villous; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-4 dm. long, 1—3-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, subacuminate to acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, sharply serrate, hispidulous or villous, especially on the veins and veinlets beneath, the sinuses broad, confluent by the narrow, finely serrate, winged rachis; petioles 3-3.5 dm. long; upper cauline leaves opposite or whorled, pinnate, ternate, or simple, with elongate linear-lanceolate divisions and rather conspicuous sheaths; inflorescence of several verticils of peduncles; pedun- cles slender, 4.5—12 cm. long, subtended by opposite or whorled leaves; involucre wanting or of a single filiform bract 5-10 mm. long; involucel of several linear-filiform, hispidulous bractlets 5 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 10-13, spreading or divaricate, subequal, 1.5—3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 2-5, 3-6 mm. long; flowers yellow, the ovary densely hispidulous; fruit ovoid-oblong, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 7-10 mm. long, densely pilose at least on the body, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin- winged, the wings a little broader than the body; oil-tubes 1-several in the intervals, 5 or 6 on the commissure; seed slightly channeled under the intervals, the face concave. TYPE LOCALITY: Tuxtla, Chiapas, 720-780 m., Nelson 3079. DistTRIBUTION: Michoacén and Guerrero to Mexico and Chiapas (Hinton 7907, Pringle 6345). 3. Prionosciadium serratum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 149. 1900. Plants stout, 0.6-1.5 m. high, hispidulous throughout; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3.5 dm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong to oblanceo- late, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex, tapering or blunt at the base, 3-14 cm. long, 1.5—5 cm. broad, crenate-serrate to sharply serrate, confluent at the base into the broadly serrate- winged rachis, both the main rachis and summit of the petiole winged; upper cauline leaves opposite, ternate to entire, with inconspicuous sheaths; inflorescence of several opposite peduncles, the terminal whorled; peduncles stout, 1.5—5 cm. long, or the terminal to 7 cm. long; involucre of several filiform, puberulent bracts 10-20 mm. long; involucel of several filiform, puberulent bractlets 5-10 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 10-15, spreading, subequal, 1.5—3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 2-4, 3-6 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident but minute, triangular; flowers yellow, the ovary hispidulous; fruit oval, rounded or truncate at the apex, retuse at the base, glabrous, 8-13 mm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broadly winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes 1-4 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure; seed channeled under the intervals, the face involute. Type LocaALity: ‘In the mountains of southern Durango,” Rose 2343. DIs7RIBUTION: Durango to Jalisco (Pringle 3886, 8633). 4. Prionosciadium thapsoides (DC.) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Ligusticum dubium H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp.5:19. 1821. Not L. dubiwm Spreng. 1806. Elaeoselinum thapsoides DC. Prodr. 4: 215. 1830. LEE GLOTES heRscatG Hort. Chels.; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 336. 1834; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: Angelica mexicana Vatke, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1876. app. 2. no. 12. 1876. Prionosciadium mexicanum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 275. 1888. Prionosciadium Seleri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 335. 1905. Prionosciadium moschatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 335. 1905. Prionosciadium Palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 130. 1906, 208 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Plants stout, 1.5-4 m. high, the foliage and inflorescence more or less hispidulous; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—3.5 dm. long, 1—2-ternate to 1—2- pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish at the apex, tapering or ab- ruptly confluent at the base, 3-8 cm. long, 0.8-3 cm. broad, crenate to crenate-serrate, the leaflets confluent into the narrow, entire-winged, secondary rachis, the primary rachis essentially unwinged; petioles 1-3 cm. long; upper cauline leaves opposite, ternate with inconspicuous sheaths; inflorescence of a series of opposite umbels, the terminal whorled; peduncles stout, 2.5-10 em. long, subtended by leaves; involucre wanting or of 1—several filiform bracts about 5 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-6 mm. long, puberulent; fertile rays 17-25, spreading, subequal, 2-3 cm. long, or 3-4 cm. long in some terminal umbels; fertile pedicels 2-4, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers greenish-yellow or purple, the ovary hispidu- lous to glabrate; fruit oval, retuse at apex and base, 9-14 (16?) mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs short-winged, the lateral, broadly thin-winged, the wings equaling or a little broader than the body; oil-tubes 2-4 in the intervals, 3-6 on the commissure; seed-face involute. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In Mexico circa Sanctum-Angelum,’’ probably Hahn. DISTRIBUTION: Zacatecas and Mexico to Guatemala (Purpus 7448, Seler 3106). 4a. Prionosciadium thapsoides var. Pringlei (S. Wats.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 247. 1942. Prionosciadium Pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 276. 1888. Similar, but with 6-10 spreading fertile rays; fruit oblong, 6-17 mm. long, 4-12 mm. broad. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘In the shade of cliffs on the Mapula Mountains, Chihuahua,” Pringle 1137. DiIsTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to Durango (Pringle 1249, 13,532). 5. Prionosciadium cuneatum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 149. 1900. Plants stout, 1.5-3 m. high, glaucous, hispidulous throughout; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—3.5 dm. long, ternate to bipinnate, the leaflets oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex, tapering or blunt at the base, 3-7 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, crenate to crenate-serrate, confluent by the broad winged rachis, which is crenate-dentate at the summit but rapidly tapering and entire below, the main rachis winged at least above; petioles unwinged or only slightly winged at the summit; cauline leaves opposite, the uppermost simple, linear, bractlike; inflorescence a whorl of branches bearing opposite peduncles below and whorled ones terminally; peduncles rather stout, 3-6 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 8-15, spreading, subequal, 1-2 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-3, 2-4 mm. long; calyx- teeth evident but minute, triangular; flowers purple, the ovary glabrous; fruit oblong, rounded at the apex, or retuse at both apex and base, 7-15 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broadly winged, the wings about equaling the body; oil-tubes 1 or 2 in the intervals, about 5 on the commissure; seed scarcely channeled under the intervals, the face involute. Type Locauity: “On grassy slope of barranca near Guadalajara,” Jalisco, Pringle 3868. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco (Pringle 8636, Rose & Hough 4822). 6. Prionosciadium megacarpum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 308. 1895. Plants stout, 2-5 m. high, the foliage and inflorescence hispidulous or villous; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 9-12 dm. long, 3-ternate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, 10-25 cm. long, 6-10 cm. broad, finely crenate- dentate and often somewhat lobed toward the base, confluent by the broadly entire-winged Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 209 rachis; cauline leaves opposite, 1—2-ternate, greatly reduced upward with smaller and narrower leaflets; inflorescence of successive verticils of peduncles; peduncles short, 6-13 cm. long, each whorl subtended by a pair of leaves; involucre of several scarious, villous, linear or filiform bracts 5—10 mm. long; involucel of several scarious, villous, filiform bractlets 5-10 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 15-20, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2-5 cm. long, those of the lateral umbels often fewer and shorter; fertile pedicels 1-4, 5-8 mm. long; flowers white; fruit broadly oblong, retuse at apex and base, 15-20 mm. long, 10-12 mm. broad, occasionally shortened and nearly orbicular, up to 15 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings about twice as broad as the body; oil-tubes large, 3 in the intervals, the middle much the largest, about 6 on the commissure; seed sulcate under the intervals, the face strongly involute. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, 7,500 feet, Pringle 4688. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Conzatti 4005, C. L. Smith 886). 7. Prionosciadium Townsendi Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: 335. 1905. Plants stout, 1-2 m. high, glabrous except for the slightly scaberulous inflorescence; basal leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-3 dm. long, ternate to bipin- nate, the leaflets lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, 3-11 em. long, 1-3.5 cm. broad, finely serrate, confluent by the narrow, serrate to nearly entire, winged rachis; upper cauline leaves opposite or whorled, ternate or simple, with short, broad sheaths; inflorescence of several verticils of peduncles; peduncles slender, 1.5—6 cm. long, subtended by a pair of leaves, scaberulous at the summit; involucre wanting, or of a single filiform bract 5-10 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 5-8 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 8-16, spreading or divaricate, subequal, 1.5—4 em. long; fertile pedicels 2-5, 3-7 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers purplish, the ovary gla- brous; fruit broadly oblong, truncate at the apex, retuse at the base, 8-12 mm. long, 6-9 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, channeled under the intervals, the face involute. ‘Type LocaLity: “‘In the Sierra Madre, 20 miles southwest of Chuichupa, Chihuahua,” Townsend & Barber 381. DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to Nayarit (LeSueur 822, Pringle 1610). 8. Prionosciadium diversifolium Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 334. 1905. Prionosciadium palustre Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 335. 1905. Plants stout, 1-2 m. high, the inflorescence puberulent or scaberulous, the foliage scaberu- lous to glabrate; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 dm. long, 1—2- ternate to 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acuminate to rarely obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, 2.5—8 cm. long, 1.5—5.5 em. broad, coarsely dentate and often incised or lobed toward the base, confluent by the narrow, remotely serrate or entire, winged rachis; cauline leaves opposite, ternate or simple, with short broad sheaths; inflorescence successively trifurcate; peduncles slender, 1.5-10 cm. long, each subtended by a pair of leaves; involucre wanting or of a single linear bract 2-6 mm. long; involucel of several linear bractlets 2-5 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 4-7, spreading, subequal, 0.8—2.5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-5, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers greenish-white; fruit oblong-ovoid, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 8-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4-8 on the commissure; seed-face deeply sulcate to involute. Type LOCALITY: ‘“‘On mountain sides above Iguala,’”’ Guerrero, Pringle 8420. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico and Michoac4n to Guerrero and Morelos (Hinton 8040, Rose & Painter 6555). 210 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 9. Prionosciadium filifolium Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1:152. 1900. Prionosciadium tenuifolium Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 152. 1900. Plants stout, 0.5-1.5 m. high, more or less scaberulous throughout; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-5 dm. long, ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 1-4 cm. long, 2 mm. or less broad, entire, the rachis unwinged; upper cauline leaves opposite, ternately decompound with inconspicuous sheaths; inflorescence of several verticils of peduncles; peduncles slender, 2.5—-5 cm. long, subtended by a pair of leaves, scaberulous at the summit; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear bract- lets 5-8 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 8-10, spreading, 1.5—-3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-4, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers yellowish-white, the ovary and very young fruit puberulent; mature fruit not seen; immature fruit ovoid-oblong, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 5-6 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs unwinged, the lateral broadly winged; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 7 or 8 on the commissure. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘On the road between Colotlan and Bolanos,”’ Jalisco, Rose 2834. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco (Rose 2510). 10. Prionosciadium Watsoni Coult. & Rose; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 150. 1890. Peucedanum mexicanum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 361. 1882. Not Prionosciadium mexicanum S. Wats. 1888. Plants stout, about 1 m. high, glaucous and glabrous throughout, or the foliage minutely scaberulous; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-4 dm. long, 1—2-ternate to 2-pinnate, the leaflets linear to lanceolate, elongate, acuminate at the apex, cuneate and often slightly confluent or decurrent at the base, 2.5—-14 cm. long, 0.5—4 em. broad, sharply serrate and usually lobed toward the base, the rachis unwinged, glaucous beneath; petioles unwinged; cauline leaves sessile with broad, orbicular to oblong sheaths, the uppermost opposite or occasionally alternate, ternate or simple; inflorescence compound-umbellate, or of several whorls of branches terminating in single umbels or whorls of peduncles; peduncles slender to stout, 2.5-10 cm. long; involucre wanting, or occasionally of a single, minute, filiform bract; involucel of 1-several filiform or linear bractlets 2-3 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 5 or 6, spreading or spreading-ascending, subequal to unequal, 1—4.5 em. long; fertile pedicels 1-5, 2-5 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete or minute; flowers purple, the ovary glabrous; fruit oval to nearly orbicular, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 7—11 mm. long, 5-9 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform to prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes 2-6 in the intervals, 6-8 on the com- missure; seed scarcely channeled under the intervals, the face involute. TYPE Locavity: ‘“‘On rocks near Morales,’’ San Lais Potosi, Schaffner 4. DistTRIBUTION: Chihuahua, Durango, and San Luis Potosi to Querétaro and Jalisco (Palmer 508, Pennell 17,734, Pringle 3822). 11. Prionosciadium linearifolium (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 308. 1895. Cicuta (?) linearifolia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 415. 1887. Plants stout, about 3 m. high, the inflorescence scaberulous, otherwise glabrous; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-4 dm. long, ternately or ternate- pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear, acuminate, 3-17 cm. long, 3-9 mm. broad, sharply serrate, the rachis often narrowly entire-bordered but unwinged; upper cauline leaves opposite, 1-2-ternate, the uppermost whorled, opposite, or alternate, simple with a linear elongate blade and inconspicuous sheath; inflorescence compound-umbellate; peduncles rather stout, 5-13 dm. long, subtended by leaves, puberulent at the summit; involucre of 1-several filiform bracts 6-12 mm. long; involucel of several linear-lanceolate to filiform, puberulent bractlets 3-5 mm. long, longer than the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 9-15, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 211 spreading-ascending, subequal, 1.5—-4 cm. long, those of the lateral umbels often fewer and shorter; fertile pedicels 1-5, 3-5 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident but minute, triangular; flowers purple, the ovary glabrous; fruit oval, rounded at the apex, truncate or slightly retuse at the base, 8-11 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, less strongly compressed than in the other species, glabrous, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged, the lateral more broadly winged than the dorsal but only about one-half the width of the body, the wings and body homochromous, the wings rather thick; oil-tubes 3-several in the intervals, about 6-8 on the commissure; seed nearly terete in cross section, channeled under the intervals, the face involute. Type LocaLity: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Palmer 275. DIsTRIBUTION: Zacatecas to Jalisco and Tamaulipas (Pringle 7298, 8634). 12. Prionosciadium dissectum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 151. 1900. Plants stout, 1-2 m. high, glabrous and more or less glaucous throughout; basal leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-3.5 dm. long, ternate to bipinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, 3.5-9 cm. long, 1.5-6 em. broad, distinct, petiolulate, again 1—2-pinnatifid, the lobes lanceolate, remotely serrate, the rachis unwinged; upper cauline leaves opposite or solitary, bipinnatifid with conspicuous orbicular purplish sheaths; inflorescence of several verticils of peduncles, or these occasionally alternate; peduncles slender, 4.5-10 cm. long; involucre of 1-several filiform bracts 5-10 mm. long, or wanting; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-6 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 15-25, spreading, subequal, 2-3.5 cm. long; fertile pedicels 2-5, 2-3 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers purple, the ovary glabrous; fruit oblong, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 9-11 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings about as broad as the body; oil-tubes 1 or 2 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure; seed unchanneled under the intervals, the face involute. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Between San Cristobal and Guadalajara,”’ Jalisco, Pringle 3002. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco (Pringle 8641, Rose 3060). 13. Prionosciadium madrense S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 275. 1888. Prionosciadium durangense Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 151. 1900. Plants stout, 1 m. high, the inflorescence and foliage somewhat scaberulous or glabrous; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-3 dm. long, 1—2-ternate to 1—2-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, 1.5—5 em. long, 0.5—2 cm. broad, distinct or the distal confluent, again 1—2-pinnatifid, the rachis unwinged; petioles 1-1.5 dm. long, broadly inflated-sheathing; upper cauline leaves opposite, bipinnatifid with obsolete sheaths; inflorescence of several series of opposite or whorled branches terminating in simple terminal peduncles, or with lateral peduncles also; peduncles slender, 2.5-10 cm. long, each subtended by a pair of leaves; involucre wanting, or of a single filiform bract about 5 mm. long; involucel of several filiform, puberulent bractlets 3-6 mm. long, about equaling the flowers but shorter than the fruit; fertile rays 6-12, spreading or divaricate, unequal, 1.5—3.5 em. long; fertile pedicels 2-6, 4-6 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers purple, the ovary glabrous; fruit oblong, rounded at the apex, retuse at the base, 8-10 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings equaling or broader than the body; oil-tubes small, 3-5 in the intervals, about 7 on the com- missure; seed slightly channeled under the intervals, the face involute. Type Locatity: “‘On ledges of a river cafion near Guerrero, Chihuahua,” Pringle 1251. DistR1IBuTION: Chihuahua and Sonora to Durango (Gentry 1527, Townsend & Barber 153). 14. Prionosciadium macrophyllum Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1:151. 1900. Plants stout, 1-4 m. high, the foliage and inflorescence somewhat scaberulous; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 dm. long, 2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets 212 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 283, broadly lanceolate to ovate, acute at the apex, subcordate at the base, 5-14 cm. long, 1.5—8.5 em. broad, petiolulate, pinnately incised to divided with coarsely dentate to pinnatifid, ovate or oblong lobes, the rachis unwinged; upper cauline leaves opposite, bipinnatifid, with short oblong sheaths; inflorescence compound-umbellate, the short verticillate branches each bearing a whorl of peduncles; peduncles slender, 1.5—9 cm. long, each subtended by a pair of leaves and usually bearing a solitary leaf or bract; involucre wanting, or of 1—several filiform bracts 5-10 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-6 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 4-9, spreading or divaricate, subequal, 2—3 cm. long; fertile pedicels 2-5, 2-7 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers greenish-white, the ovary glabrous; fruit oval, truncate or retuse at the apex, retuse at the base, 10-13 mm. long, 7-11 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes small, 1-3 in the intervals, 6-12 on the commissure; seed channeled under the intervals, the face involute. ‘Type LOCALITY: ‘‘Rocky bank of river, Falls of Juanacatlan, Jalisco,’’ Pringle 3889. DISTRIBUTION: Sonora and Durango to Jalisco (Nelson 4554, Pringle 8632). 15. Prionosciadium humile Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 302. 1909. Peucedanum(?) madrense S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 150. 1890. Not Prionosciadium madrense S. Wats. 1888. Plants slender, 4-6 dm. high from a slender, short, branching horizontal rootstock bearing dead leaf-sheaths, glabrous and somewhat glaucous except for the scaberulous inflorescence; basal leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-2 dm. long, 1—2-ternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute or obtuse at the apex, truncate or cuneate at the base, 4-6 cm. long, 3—-4.5 em. broad, distinct or the distal confluent, petiolulate, serrate, incised and often 3-lobed toward the base, green above, glaucous beneath, the rachis essentially un- winged; petioles slender, 7-12 cm. long, dilated and sheathing at the base, the sheaths elongate, oblong, scarious-winged; cauline leaves reduced upward and simply ternate; inflorescence of l-several terminal and axillary, alternate peduncles; peduncles rather stout, 1-2 dm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear-lanceolate bractlets 3-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; fertile rays 8-12, spreading-ascending, subequal, 2.5-4 cm. long; fertile pedicels 3-9, 5-8 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers greenish-yellow, red-veined; fruit oblong to oval, rounded at the apex, subcordate at the base, 12-14 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, glabrous and glaucous, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals but with some smaller accessory ones, 2-6 on the commissure; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: “In the Sierra Madre, near Monterrey,” Pringle 2211. DIsTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén (Pringle 10,204). 16. Prionosciadium simplex Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 255. 1941. Plants slender, 3-8 dm. high, glaucous and glabrous except for the scaberulous inflores- cence; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, biternate, the leaflets oblong to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex, truncate at the base, 1.5—2.5 em. long, 8-15 mm. broad, distinct, petiolulate, finely serrate and often with 2 lateral lobes at the base, glaucous beneath, the rachis unwinged; petioles slender, 3-5 cm. long, the sheaths elongate, oblong, with a scarious margin; cauline leaves alternate, reduced upward with a conspicuous oblong sheath; inflorescence of a single terminal umbel or with some lateral branches below; peduncles slender, 7-12 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel of several, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, purplish bractlets 3-6 mm. long, shorter than the fruit; fertile rays about 4-11, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1.5—4.5 cm. long, scaberulous; fertile pedicels 2-6, 2-4 mm. long; calyx-teeth obsolete; flowers purple; ovary glabrous; fruit ovoid, truncate at the apex, rounded at the base, 6-8 mm. long, 3.5—5 mm. broad, glabrous, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral thin-winged, the wings narrower than the body. Type LocaLity: ‘(On mountains near Miquihuana, ‘Tamaulipas,’’ 7000-9000 feet, Nelson 4478 DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Stanford & al. 677). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 213 83. RHODOSCIADIUM S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 151. 1890. Deanea Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 20: 372. 1895. Slender or stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous and often glaucous to puberulent, scaberulous, or hispidulous perennials, from stout taproots or tubers. Leaves petiolate, mem- branaceous, 1—2-pinnate, 1—2-ternate, or 1—2-ternate-pinnate to ternately or ternate-pinnately decompound. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles ter- minal, or terminal and lateral, often paniculate, or frequently some umbels sessile. Involucre wanting, or of 1—several filiform, foliaceous, or minute bracts. Involucel of several lanceolate to filiform bractlets shorter or longér than the flowers and fruit. Fertile rays few, spreading- ascending to divaricate. Fertile pedicels few, spreading-ascending to divaricate. Flowers purple or greenish-yellow; petals spatulate to obovate with a narrower inflexed, apex; calyx- teeth obsolete; styles long or short, spreading or recurved, the stylopodium low-conic. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oval to obovoid, strongly flattened dorsally, acute to cordate © at the apex, rounded or cordate at the base, glabrous; dorsal ribs prominent to filiform, the lateral broadly thin-winged, the wings narrower to broader than the body; oil-tubes small, 1-3 in the intervals, 6-9 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face involute, sulcate, or plane. Type species, Rhodosciadium Pringlet S. Wats. Rachis of the leaves conspicuously winged and toothed; leaflets of the basal leaves 18-24 cm. long, 8-10 cm. broad. : 1. R. macrophyllum. Rachis of the leaves not winged; leaflets of the basal leaves less than 10 em. long. Bractlets of the involucel filiform to spatulate-linear, 5-35 mm. long, longer than the fruit; inflorescence usually a single terminal umbel. 2. R. tolucense. Bractlets of the involucel filiform to linear, 1-7 mm. long, shorter than the fruit; inflorescence branched. Leaflets entire to crenate-serrate. Plants hispidulous; flowers purple; fruit-wings narrower than or equaling the body. 3. R. purpureum. Plants glabrous or the foliage somewhat scaberulous; flowers greenish-yellow; fruit-wings broader than the body. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-20 mm. broad; pedicels 2-3 mm. long. 4. R. glaucum. Leaflets linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-5 mm. broad; pedi- cels 3-6 mm. long. 4a. R. glaucum var. lineare. Leaflets sharply serrate to incised or lobed. Leaves ternately or pinnately decompound. Leaves hispidulous, deltoid in general outline; fertile rays subequal, 10-25 mm. long. 5. R. dissectum. Leaves glabrous to slightly scaberulous, ovate-lanceolate to oblong in general outline; fertile rays very unequal, 15-85 mm. long. 6. R. tuberosum, Leaves biternate to ternate-bipinnate, not decompound. Fertile pedicels 10-15 mm. long. 7. R. longipes. Fertile pedicels 1-8 mm. long. Fertile rays subequal, 5-35 mm. long; fruit-wings equaling or broader than the body. Fertile pedicels about 1 mm. long; fruit-wings about equaling the body; Jalisco. 8. R. Pringlei. Fertile pedicels 2-7 mm. long; fruit-wings broader than the body; Morelos to Chiapas. Leaflets acute, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. broad; fertile rays spreading-ascending; fruit 8-15 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad. 9. R. diffusum, Leaflets acuminate, 5-9 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad; fertile rays divaricate; fruit 15-18 mm. long, 10-11 mm. broad. 10. R. Nelsoni. Fertile rays unequal, 1-11 cm. long; fruit-wings nar- rower than or about equaling the body. Plants slender, 3-6 dm. high; cauline leaves few; fruit ellipsoid, 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; Oaxaca. 11. R. nudicaule. Plants rather stout, 6-10 dm. high; cauline leaves several; fruit broadly oblong to ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad. Plants glabrous and somewhat glaucous; invo- lucre usually present; Zacatecas to Durango. 12. R. montanum. Plants usually scaberulous; involucre wanting; San Luis Potosi. 13. R. argutum. 214 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 1. Rhodosciadium macrophyllum Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea glauca Coult. & Rose, Proc, Wash. Acad. 1: 156. 1900. Not Rhodosciadium glaucum Coult. & Rose, 1895. Stout, 9-12 dm. high, very glaucous, the inflorescence scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 30-60 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets oblong- lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, sessile and confluent by a broad, toothed rachis-wing, 18-24 cm. long, 8-10 cm. broad, crenate-serrate and incised toward the base, very glaucous beneath; petioles stout, 25 cm. or more long; upper cauline leaves lanceolate, ternate or simple, with obsolete sheaths and elongate acuminate lobes; inflorescence compound-umbellate, irregularly branched, leafy, usually some umbels sessile, the peduncles slender, 2-5 cm. long, each sub- tended by a foliaceous bract; involucre of several filiform or foliaceous bracts 10-15 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 2-4 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 4-8, divaricate, subequal, 1—-2.5 cm. long, scaberulous; pedicels 1-4, divaricate, 2-5 mm. long, scaberulous; petals apparently purple; immature fruit ovoid, acute at the apex, cordate at the base, 7-9 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glaucous, the dorsal ribs apparently filiform, the lateral wings broader than the body. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Foothills between Aguacata and Dolores,’’ Nayarit, Rose 2029. DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa to Nayarit (Rose 1781). 2. Rhodosciadium tolucense (H.B.K.) Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Ferula tolucensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:12. 1821. Pastinaca tolucensis Spreng. Syst. 1: 913. 1825. Peucedanum tolucense Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1: 570. . 1881. Deanea longibracteata Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 154. 1900. Deanea tolucensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 128. 1906. Rather stout, from a vertical or oblique fusiform taproot, 3-12 dm. high, glabrous through- out or the inflorescence scaberulous; leaves ovate-lanceolate in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-35 cm. long, 5-15 cm. broad, bipinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute to obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, the lower distinct, sessile, 2-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, pinnatifid; petioles stout, 5-25 cm. long; inflorescence of a solitary umbel or accompanied by 2 or 3 axillary umbels, the peduncles stout, 10-40 cm. long, or some umbels occasionally sessile; involucre of a solitary foliaceous bract 3-13 mm. long, or frequently wanting; involucel of several spatulate- linear to filiform bractlets 5-35 mm. long, exceeding the flowers and fruit; rays 10—20, slender,. spreading-ascending, very unequal, 3-11 cm. long; pedicels 1-6, spreading-ascending, 3-8 mm. long, sometimes scaberulous; petals greenish-yellow or purplish; fruit oval to orbicular, cordate at apex and base, 6-9 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings equaling the body; seed-face slightly concave. Type Locality: ‘‘Crescit in frigidis juxta urbem Toluca, alt. 1380 hex. (Nova Hispania),” Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco and Vera Cruz, south to Mexico and Puebla (Pringle 4233, Purpus 1680, Rose & Hay 5717). ILLUSTRATION: H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: pl. 418. 3. Rhodosciadium purpureum (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea Evinsles Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 10:128. 1906. Not Rhodosciadium Pringlei S. Wats. 1890, Deanea purpurea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 128. 1906. Stout, from a short swollen tuberous rootstock, 4-12 dm. high, hispidulous throughout; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 10—25 cm. long, 8-17 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute to obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, more or less confluent, sessile, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, crenate-serrate, hispidulous espe- cially on the veins, margins, and rachis; petioles stout, 5—25 cm. long, hispidulous; uppermost cauline leaves linear, acuminate; inflorescence 2-trifurcate or irregularly branched, the pedun- Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 215 cles slender, 3-17 cm. long, hispidulous; involucre wanting, or of a single minute, linear or filiform bract; involucel of several linear bractlets 3-5 mm. long, puberulent or hispidulous, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 5—9, spreading-ascending, unequal, 1—5.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-6, spreading-ascending, 2-3 mm. long; petals purple; fruit oblong-ovoid, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base, 6-9 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs promi- nent, the lateral wings narrower than or equaling the body; seed-face involute. TYPE Loca.ity: “Between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo,”’ Rose & Painter 9212. DistRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Tlaxcala (Pringle 8601, 8794). 4. Rhodosciadium glaucum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 309. 1895. Slender, from a short tuberous, often forked rootstock, 8-15 dm. high, glaucous throughout, the foliage scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-25 cm. long, biternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at thé apex, cuneate at the base, distinct, sessile, 2-9 cm. long, 0.5—2 cm. broad, crenate-serrate to slightly incised, scaberulous on the veins above and sometimes beneath; petioles slender, 5-35 cm. long; upper cauline leaves oblong; inflorescence widely branched, the peduncles slender, 2-8 cm. long, frequently some umbels sessile and proliferating; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 minute bracts; involucel similar to the involucre; rays 3-7, slender, spreading, sub- equal, 1-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-4, spreading, 2-3 mm. long; petals greenish-yellow; fruit oval, cordate at apex and base, 6-10 mm. long, 5—8 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral wings broader than the body; seed-face slightly concave to sulcate. Typre Locatity: ‘On foothills above Oaxaca,’’ Oaxaca, Pringle 5539. DistTRIBUTION: Morelos and Oaxaca, south to Guatemala (Galeotti 2784, Pringle 4823). 4a. Rhodosciadium glaucum var. lineare Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 309. 1895. Very slender, 4-8 dm. high; leaves lanceolate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—20 cm. long, pinnate to ternate-pinnate, the leaflets linear to linear-oblong or linear- lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, entire to remotely dentate; rays 2-4 cm. long; im- mature pedicels 3-6 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Valley of Oaxaca, at base of Cerro San Felipe,’’ Oaxaca, Nelson 1189. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Conzatti & Gonzalez 223, Galeotti 2750). 5. Rhodosciadium dissectum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 309. 1895. Slender, from a swollen tuberous rootstock bearing dead leaf-sheaths, 6-9 dm. high, the foliage hispidulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-12 cm. long, ter- nately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear to linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-5 mm. long, hispidulous on the veins and rachis; petioles slender, 4-14 cm. long; in- florescence 1—2-trifurcate with some alternate peduncles below and some lateral branches weakly dichasial, the peduncles slender, 1.5—-3 cm. long, or the terminal 6.5 cm. long, each sub- tended by a small bract ; involucre wanting; involucel of 1—-several linear bractlets 2-3 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 3-5, spreading-ascending, subequal, 1—2.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-3 mm. long; petals purple; fruit ovoid, cordate at the base, narrowed at the apex, 5-7 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings narrower than the body; seed-face plane to slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Dry calcareous hills, Las Sedas, Oaxaca,” Pringle 4764. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Rose & Hough 4630). 6. Rhodosciadium tuberosum Coult. & Rose; Urbina, Cat. Pl. Mex. 108. 1897. Deanea tuberosa Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 20: 373. 1895. Slender, from a swollen tuberous rootstock, 3-8 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the foliage scaberulous; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate in general outline, excluding the petioles 216 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, 5-20 em. long, 3-15 cm. broad, pinnately or ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divi- sions linear, acute, 1-8 mm. long, somewhat scaberulous on the veins or glabrate; petioles very slender, 5—25 cm. long; inflorescence of a solitary umbel terminal on each branch or with some axillary umbels below, the peduncles slender, 5—20 cm. long; involucre wanting, or of a single filiform bract; involucel of several linear bractlets 1-5 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 2-5, spreading-ascending, very unequal, 1.5—-8.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-5, spreading- ascending, 1-2 mm. long; petals purple; fruit oval to orbicular, rounded or truncate at the apex, cordate at the base, 7—9 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings narrower than or equaling the body; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘In low meadows, valley of Toluca,’’ Mexico, Pringle 4295. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo, south to Mexico and the Federal District (Pringle 8618, 8735). 7. Rhodosciadium longipes (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea longipes Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 128. 1906. Stout, 8-18 dm. high, glabrous throughout or the foliage occasionally scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 30-40 cm. long, ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, the terminal con- fluent, petiolulate to sessile, 3-6 em. long, 1.5—3.5 cm. broad, sharply serrate and incised or lobed toward the base, glabrous or minutely scaberulous on the veins beneath; petioles stout, 60-80 cm. long, somewhat inflated; inflorescence usually 1—2-trifurcate, the peduncles slender, 4-16 cm. long, but the terminal umbel usually sessile; involucre of 1-3 foliaceous bracts, or wanting; involucel of several linear bractlets 2-4 mm. long, shorter than the flowers and fruit; rays 3-6, spreading-ascending, subequal, 5-10 cm. long; pedicels 1-4, spreading-ascending, 10-15 mm. long; petals greenish-yellow; fruit oval to slightly obcordate, rounded at the apex, cordate at the base, 8-11 mm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings equaling or a little broader than the body; seed-face slightly concave. Type Locauity: ‘‘At Trinidad, Puebla,’ Pringle 13,496 (apparently an error for ‘Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo’’). DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo (Pringle 10,297). 8. Rhodosciadium Pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25:151. 1890. Rather slender, from a simple or branched short tuberous rootstock, 8-12 dm. high, glau- cous throughout, the foliage puberulent; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-30 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, confluent, sessile to petiolulate, 2.5—5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, deeply incised to pinnatifid, puberulent on the veins above and sometimes beneath; petioles slender, 7-20 cm. long; upper cauline leaves lanceolate; inflorescence widely branched, the peduncles slender, 2—7 cm. long; involucre of 1 or 2 minute, linear bracts; involucel similar to the involucre; rays 1—S, slender, spreading, subequal, 0.5-1.5 cm. long; pedicels 1 or 2, spreading, about 1 mm. long; petals purple; fruit oval, cordate at apex and base, 6-10 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral wings equaling the body; seed-face slightly concave. Typp Locauity: ‘ Hillsides near Guadalajara,”’ Jalisco, Pringle 2981. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco to MichoacAn (Arséne 2876, Pringle 3869, Rose & Painter 7675). 9. Rhodosciadium diffusum (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea diffusa Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 155. 1900. Stout, 15-25 dm. high, glaucous throughout, the foliage often scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 20-30 cm. long, ternate-bipinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, distinct or the terminal confluent, sessile to petiolulate, 2.5-3.5 em. long, 2—2.5 cm. broad, deeply incised or divided, minutely scaberulous on the veins beneath or glabrate; petioles stout, 10 cm. or more long, somewhat inflated; inflorescence terminal with a continuous axis bearing usually opposite or occasionally whorled Par? 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 217 branches or peduncles, some of which are trifurcate or irregularly branched, the peduncles slender, 1.5—3.5 cm. long, each subtended by a small bract, the lateral umbels usually sterile; involucre wanting; involucel of 1-several linear to lanceolate bractlets 2-10 mm. long, shorter or longer than the flowers and fruit; rays 2-5, spreading to spreading-ascending, 1.5—2 cm. long; pedicels 1-2, spreading-ascending, 3-5 mm. long; petals greenish-yellow to purple; fruit oval, a little narrowed toward the rounded apex, cordate at the base, 8-15 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings once to twice as broad as the body; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘On lava beds near Cuernavaca,’’ Morelos, Pringle 7177. DiIsTRIBUTION: Mexico and Morelos to Chiapas (Hinton 8099, Matuda 1623, Pringle 8425). 10. Rhodosciadium Nelsoni (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 155. 1900. Rather stout, 9-12 dm. high, glaucous, the foliage and inflorescence scaberulous; leaves ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-30 cm. long, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acuminate at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, distinct, petiolulate or sessile, 5—9 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, sharply serrate to incised, divided toward the base, min- utely scaberulous on the veins above; petioles slender, 8-25 cm. long; upper cauline leaves with lanceolate lobes; inflorescence trifurcate, the lateral branches usually forming prolonged di- chasia, with some axillary peduncles at the base, the peduncles slender, 2.5—5 cm. long, or the terminal to 10 cm. long, each subtended by a foliaceous bract or leaf; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear-lanceolate, acuminate bractlets 2-15 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but usually shorter than the fruit; rays 5—9, divaricate, subequal, 1.5—3.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-5, divaricate, 3-7 mm. long, scaberulous; petals dull yellow to purplish; fruit oval to slightly obovoid, truncate at the apex, cordate at the base, 15-18 mm. long, 10-11 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings twice as broad as the body or broader; seed-face sulcate. TYPE Locatity: “Valley of Jiquipilas, Chiapas,”’ Nelson 2938. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 11. Rhodosciadium nudicaule (Coult. & Rose) Drude in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 223. 1898. Deanea nudicaulis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 20: 372. 1895. Rather slender, from a branched tuberous rootstock bearing old leaf-sheaths, 3-6 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence often scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—20 cm. long, biternate or ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate, acute to obtuse at the apex, truncate to cuneate at the base, distinct or the terminal confluent, sessile to petiolulate, 1.5—4 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. broad, sharply serrate and incised to divided at the base, glabrous, or scaberulous on the veins; petioles slender, 2-14 cm. long; cauline leaves ternate; inflorescence branched, the lower peduncles alternate, the peduncles slender, 8-24 cm. long; involucre want- ing, or of an occasional filiform bract; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-10 mm. long, usually exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 5—8, spreading-ascending, 2—7 em. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long; petals yellowish-green; fruit oval, rounded at apex and base, 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings narrower than the body; seed-face involute. Type Loca.ity: Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, Pringle 4663. DISTRIBUTION: High mountains, Vera Cruz to Oaxaca (Conzatti & Gonzalez 224, Galeotti 2782). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Gaz. 20: pl. 27; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: pl. 6 12. Rhodosciadium montanum (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea montana Coult. & Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 155. 1900. Rather stout, about 10 dm. high, glabrous and somewhat glaucous throughout; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 15—20 cm. long, 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets 218 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, ovate, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, distinct and rather remote, sessile, 1.5—3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, serrate and somewhat incised and lobed; petioles stout, 10-20 cm. long; upper- most cauline leaves ternate, the middle lobe elongate; inflorescence trifurcate, the peduncles rather slender, 8—20 cm. long, the terminal umbel often sessile; involucre of 1 or 2 filiform bracts 10-15 mm. long; involucel of several filiform bractlets 3-6 mm. long, shorter than the fruit; rays 6-10, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2—6 cm. long; pedicels 1—4, spreading-ascending, 2—4 mm. long; petals not seen; fruit oval, rounded at apex and base, 7-8 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings a little narrower than the body; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On the Sierra de los Morones near Plateado,”’ Zacatecas, Rose 3623. DISTRIBUTION: Zacatecas to Durango (Nelson 4548). 13. Rhodosciadium argutum (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 124. 1941. Deanea arguta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 128. 1906. Rather stout, about 6 dm. high, the foliage and inflorescence usually scaberulous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 13-22 cm. long, 1—2-ternate-pinnate, the leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, distinct or the terminal confluent, rather remote, sessile, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, serrate and lobed toward the base, scaberulous on the margins and veins; petioles slender, 10—20 cm. long; inflorescence 2-trifurcate, the peduncles slender, 5-13 cm. long, scaberulous at the summit, the lateral umbels often sterile and occasionally some umbels sessile; involucre wanting; involucel of several linear to filiform bractlets 3-7 mm. long, exceeding the flowers but shorter than the fruit; rays 9-12, spreading-ascending, unequal, 2.5-4.5 cm. long, scaberulous; pedicels 1-4, spreading-ascending, 3-7 mm. long, scaberulous; petals greenish-yellow; fruit oval, rounded at apex and base, 8 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs prominent, the lateral wings a little narrower than the body; seed-face slightly concave. TYPE Locality: Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Palmer 114. DIsTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 84. ENANTIOPHYLLA Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18:55. 1893. Tall, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, more or less pubescent perennials. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, opposite, ternately or pinnately compound, the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate. Petioles sheathing, inflated. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, verticillate. Involucre of several linear, scarious-margined bracts. Involucel of bractlets like the bracts. Rays spreading toreflexed. Pedicels spreading to reflexed. Flowers white (?); calyx-teeth obsolete; styles furrowed on the ventral face, slightly thickened above, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblanceolate, flattened dorsally, glabrate, contracted below the seed to form a stipe-like base; dorsal ribs filiform, acute, the lateral narrowly thin-winged; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, sulcate under the tubes, the face shallowly concave. Type species, Enantiophylla Heydeana Coult. & Rose. 1. Enantiophylla Heydeana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18:56. 1893. Plants 12-60 dm. high, glabrous or scaberulous throughout, the branches numerous, op- posite; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-20 cm. long, 5—27 cm. broad, the leaflets 2.5-14 cm. long, 1-6 cm. broad, finely serrate and often lobed; peduncles 3.5—8 em. long; involucral bracts shorter than the rays; bractlets of the involucel about equaling the flowers; rays 14~20, subequal, 1.5—4 cm. long; pedicels 4-7 mm. long; fruit 10-13 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Santiago, Zacatepequez, Guatemala, 6500 feet, Rosalio Gomez (J. Donnell Smith 788; fruit). DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco and Nayarit to Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador (Hinton 6562, Mexia 706). ILLusTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 18: pl. 5. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 219 85. OXYPOLIS Raf. Neog. 2. 1825. Tiedemannia DC. Coll. Mém. 5:51. 1829. Archemora DC. Coll. Mém. 5:52. 1829. Sataria Raf. New Fl. 4: 20. 1838. Discadia Raf. Good Book 50, as syn. 1840. Neurophyllum T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 612. 1840. Slender, erect, caulescent, glabrous perennials, from fascicled tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, simply pinnate or ternate, the leaflets broad or narrow, serrate to incised, mostly distinct and sessile, or the leaves reduced to hollow, acute, septate phyllodes. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. In- volucre of a few slender bracts, or wanting. Bractlets of the involucel similar to the bracts, or wanting. Rays few to numerous, usually spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, ascending to spreading. Flowers white or purple; petals oval to obovate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth prominent or minute; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium conic. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong to obovoid, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly thin-winged and nerved dorsally at the inner margin, giving the appearance of 5 filiform dorsal ribs; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2-6 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells beneath the dorsal ribs and the nerves of the lateral wings. Type species, Sium rigidius 1. (Oxypolis rigidior Raf.). Leaves reduced to cylindrical or flattened, septate phyllodes. Plants 6-14 dm. high; rays 3-14; flowers white. Sheathing base of the petiole 0.5—+ cm. long; fruit nearly orbicular, the wings thicker than the body; Delaware to northern Georgia. 1. O. Canbyi. Sheathing base of the petiole 5-18 cm. long; fruit oval to obovoid, the wings thinner than the body; the Gulf Coast, Bahamas, and Cuba. 2. O. filiformis. Plants 18—24 dm. high; rays 16-19; flowers purple. 3. O. Greenmanii. Leaves not reduced; the blades pinnately or ternately divided. Leaves ternate or occasionally reduced to a solitary leaflet ; petioles very slen- der; bractlets of the involucel filiform; calyx-teeth minute. 4. O. ternata. Leaves pinnate; petioles stout; bractlets of the involucel linear or wanting; calyx-teeth conspicuous. Leaflets 7-15 cm. long, remotely salient-dentate or entire; eastern United States. 5. O. rigidior. Leaflets 3-6.5 cm. long, crenate-dentate, serrate or incised; western United States. Involucel present; rays 12-24, spreading-ascending; Oregon and California. 6. Involucel absent; rays 5-14, strictly ascending; Rocky Mountains. Us . occidentalis. . Fendleri. jojo) 1. Oxypolis Canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Fernald, Rhodora 41:139. 1939. Oxypolis filiformis var. Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 193. 1900. Plants 6-9 dm. high; leaves reduced to hollow, septate phyllodes 1—2 dm. long, the sheaths 0.5—1 cm. long; peduncles 4-8 cm. long; involucre of several linear or filiform bracts 5-8 mm. long; involucel of linear bractlets 3-5 mm. long; rays 3-6, spreading-ascending, slightly unequal, 1.5—2.5 cm. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5—9 mm. long; calyx-teeth evident; fruit nearly orbicular, 4-5 mm. long, the lateral wings thicker than the body. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Moist upland meadows,”’ Ellendale, Delaware, Canby. DisTRIBUTION: Delaware to Georgia (McVaugh 5235). 2. Oxypolis filiformis (Walt.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 239. 1894. Oenanthe filiformis Walt. Fl. Car. 113. 1788. Oenanthe carolinensis Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 318. 1805. Oenanthe teretifolia Muhl. Cat. 32. 1813. Tiedemannia teretifolia DC. Coll. Mém. 5: 81. 1829. (Hyponym.) Oxypolis caroliniana Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Peucedanum teretifolium Wood, Bot. & Fl. 136. 1870. Tiedemannia Bakeri H. Wolff; Urban, Symb. Ant. 5: 452. 1908. Oxypolis Bakeri Britton & Wilson; L.J.K. Brace, Torreya 29:16. 1929. Plants 8-14 dm. high; leaves reduced to hollow, septate phyllodes 2-6 dm. long, the sheaths 5-18 cm. long; peduncles 2—9 cm. long; involucre of several linear to lanceolate bracts 5-15 mm. 220 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, long; involucel of linear to lanceolate bractlets 2-4 mm. long; rays 8-14, spreading, slightly unequal, 2—4.5 cm. long; pedicels spreading, 5-10 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous; fruit oval or obovoid, 5-8 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the lateral wings thinner than the body. TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably in the Carolinas, Walter (?). DISTRIBUTION: Southern Virginia to Florida, west to Texas; Bahamas; Cuba. (Curtiss 1011, Léon 6169, Palmer 12,840.) ILLUSTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 12; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 638. 3. Oxypolis Greenmanii Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 152. 1942. Plants 18-24 dm. high; leaves reduced to hollow, septate phyllodes, 2.5-4.5 dm. long, the sheaths 8-12 cm. long; peduncles 5-15 cm. long; involucre of several lanceolate-acuminate bracts 10-20 mm. long; involucel of subulate bractlets 2-8 mm. long; rays 16-19, spreading, slightly unequal, 2.5-5 cm. long (in flower); pedicels spreading, 3-15 mm. long; flowers dark purple; calyx-teeth conspicuous; fruit unknown. TYPE LOCALITY: Wewahitchka, Gulf County, western Florida, A. W. Chapman. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 4. Oxypolis ternata (Nutt.) A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. 5. 1898. Peucedanum ternatum Nutt. Gen. 1: 182. 1818. Archemora denticulata DC. Prodr. 4: 188. 1830. Oxy polis denticulata Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Achemora trifoliata Raf. Herb. Raf. 78. 1833. Sataria linearis Raf. New Fl. 4: 21. 1838. Sataria linearis var. longipes Raf. New Fl. 4: 21. 1838. Neurophyllum longifolium T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 613, 1840. Archemora ternata Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 631. 1840. Pastinaca denticulata D, Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 971. 1840. Tiedemannia ternata Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 74. 1887. Plants 6-9 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-22 cm. long, simply ternate or occasionally with only 1 or 2 leaflets, the leaflets linear-oblong to filiform, 7-22 em. long, 1-6 mm. broad, acute, entire; petioles 10-30 cm. long; cauline leaves often re- duced to a solitary leaflet; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; involucre of 1 or more filiform bracts 5-10 mm. long, or wanting; involucel of several filiform bractlets 2-4 mm. long; rays 4-10, spreading- ascending, 2.5-7 em. long; pedicels spreading-ascending, 5-15 mm. long; calyx-teeth ovate, minute; fruit oval to orbicular, 3-5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. broad. TPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On the bushy margins of swamps, in the pine forests of North and South Carolina,” Nuttall. DisTRIBuTION: North Carolina to Florida (Biltmore Herb. 497, Curtiss 1010). 5. Oxypolis rigidior * (L.) Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Sium rigidius L. Sp. Pl. 251. 1753. Oenanthe rigida Crantz, Class. Umbell. 85. 1767. Sium longifolium Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 194. 1814. Sium tricuspidatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 354, 1817. Oenanthe ambigua Nutt. Gen. 1: 189. 1818. Pastinaca rigida Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 586. 1820. Pastinaca ambigua Torr. Fl. U.S. 315. 1824. Oxypolis tricuspidata Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. Archemora rigida DC. Prodr. 4: 188. 1830. Archemora ambigua DC. Prodr. 4: 188. 1830. Archemora tricuspidata DC. Prodr. 4: 188. 1830. ?Thaspium tenuifolium Raf. Herb. Raf. 78. 1833. Achemora serrata Raf. Herb. Raf. 78. 1833. Pastinaca tricuspidata D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 971. 1840. Peucedanum rigidum Wood, Bot. & Fl. 136. 1870. Peucedanunr rigidius Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 187. 1879. Tiedemannia rigida Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12: 74. 1887. Tiedemannia rigida var. ambigua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 47. 1888. Oxypolis rigidus Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 239. 1894. Oxy polis rigidus var. longifolius Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 239. 1894. * As O. rigida. Since ‘‘Sium rigidium Linn,” is cited as synonym, this is interpreted as an ortho- graphic error. Parr 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 221 Oxypolis longifolia Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 875. 1903. Oxypolis rigidior var. ambigua B. L. Robinson, Rhodora 10:35. 1908. Oxy polis turgida Small, Man. SE. FI. 986. 1933. Plants 6-15 dm. high; leaves oval to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-30 em. long, 10-25 cm. broad, pinnate with 5-9 leaflets, the leaflets lanceolate or linear, 7-15 cm. long, 5-45 mm. broad, remotely salient-dentate or entire; petioles 5—10 cm. long; peduncles 6-30 cm. long; involucre of a few linear bracts 1-2 cm. long; involucel of a few linear bractlets 3-5 mm. long; rays 15-45, spreading, subequal, 3-12 cm. long; pedicels spreading, 5-15 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous; fruit oval or oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 2.5—-4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia, Clayton. DISTRIBUTION: Wet ground along streams, bogs; New York and New Jersey to South Carolina, west to Minnesota and Texas (Demaree 16,078, Eggert 6463, House 3064). 2 ILLustRaTIons: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 194 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 638; Rydb. 1. Pr. & Pl. 604. 6. Oxypolis occidentalis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 196. 1900. Plants 6-15 dm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 12-30 cm. long, 6-20 cm. broad, pinnate, the leaflets 5-13, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 3.5-6.5 cm. long, 5-50 mm. broad, crenate-dentate, serrate, or incised, or some 2-parted; cauline leaves with dilated petioles and few small leaflets; peduncles 6-30 cm. long; involucre of several linear, scarious bracts 5-25 mm. long, or wanting; involucel of linear-lanceolate bractlets 5-15 mm. long; rays 12-24, spreading-ascending, subequal to very unequal, 2-8 cm. long; pedicels spread- ing, 3-15 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous; fruit oval or oblong, 5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In springy meadows west of Crater Lake,’’ Oregon, 1870 m., Leiberg 4413. DIsTRIBUTION: Cascade Mountains of southern Oregon through the Sierra Nevada to the moun- tains of southern California (Hall 9676, Heller 11,641). ILLUSTRATIONS: Madrofio 1: 161; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 726. f. 710. 7. Oxypolis Fendleri (A. Gray) A. Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 478. 1897. Archemora Fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 4: 56. 1849. Tiedemannia Fendleri Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 48. 1888. Plants 6-10 dm. high; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-15 cm. long, 4-9 cm. broad, the leaflets mostly 7—9 (5-13), broadly ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, crenate-dentate, serrate, or rarely incised; petioles 6-14 cm. long; cauline leaves with dilated sheaths and few narrow leaflets; peduncles 8—20 cm. long; involucre wanting; involucel wanting; rays 5-14, strictly ascending, very unequal, 1-6 cm. long; pedicels ascending, 3-10 mm. long; calyx-teeth conspicuous; fruit oblong to oval, 3-5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. TYPE LoOcALity: ‘‘ Margins of Santa Fe Creek,’? New Mexico, Fendler 272. DISTRIBUTION: Subalpine streambanks; Rocky Mountains, Wyoming to southeastern Utah and New Mexico, 8000—11,000 feet (Baker 722, Nelson 5086). ILLUSTRATION: Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. pl. 35, f. 26 (fr.). 85. PSEUDOTAENIDIA Mackenzie, Torreya 3: 158. 1903. Slender, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous perennials from subfusiform tubers. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 2—3-ternate, the leaflets remote, oblong to oval, entire or rarely with a basal lobe. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and sometimes axillary. Involucre wanting, rarely of a single linear bract. Involucel wanting. Rays few, spreading-ascending to spreading, the fertile much exceeding the sterile. Pedicels very slender, spreading, the fertile much exceeding the sterile. Flowers yellow; calyx-teeth minute; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oblong-ovoid to nearly orbicular, flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly corky-winged, the wings narrower than the body, those of the two carpels contiguous; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the com- missure; seed very oily, flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Pseudotaenidia montana Mackenzie. 222 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 1. Pseudotaenidia montana Mackenzie, Torreya 3: 159. 1903. Peucedanum Pseudotaenidia K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 180. 1916. Plants 5-7 dm. high; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-12 cm. long, the leaflets oblong-oval to oval, 2—3.5 em. long, 5-20 mm. broad, acute and mucronate at the apex, rounded to narrowed at the base, entire or rarely with a basal lobe; petioles 1.5-12 em. long; peduncles 8-18 em. long; fertile rays 5-14, slender, 1.5—8 cm. long; fertile pedicels 1-7, 3-15 mm. long; fruit oblong-ovoid to nearly orbicular, 4-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. Typr LocaLity: Kate’s Mountain, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, K. K. Mackenzie. DISTRIBUTION: Shale barrens; southern Pennsylvania and Maryland to Virginia and West Virginia (Davis & Davis 3167, Core 4900). ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 631. 86. LOMATIUM Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 101. 1819. Cogswellia Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 588. 1820. Euryptera Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 629. 1840. Leptotaenia Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 629. 1840. Leibergia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:575. 1896. Cynomarathrum Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 244. 1900. Cusickia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:39. 1908. Peucedanum and Ferula of American authors, not of L. 1753. Low or tall, herbaceous, acaulescent, short-caulescent, or caulescent, simple or less com- monly branching, glabrous to pubescent, perennials, fram globose tubers, or from long, slender or thickened, subfusiform roots. Leaves all or chiefly basal, petiolate, membranaceous to sub- coriaceous, ternately, pinnately, quinately, or ternate-pinnately divided or decompound, the ultimate divisions obovate to filiform, crowded or remote, entire or usually variously toothed, lobed, or divided. Petioles sheathing at least at the base, and frequently throughout. In- florescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles usually solitary and terminal, equaling or exceeding the leaves, occasionally also lateral. Involucre wanting, or inconspicuous. In- volucel rarely wanting, of filiform to obovate, foliaceous to subscarious, distinct or connate bractlets. Rays numerous to few, spreading to ascending or strict, rarely reflexed, the central umbellets often sterile and short-rayed. Pedicels slender and filiform to short and stout, or rarely obsolete, the central flowers often sterile, sessile or pedicellate. Flowers yellow, salmon- yellow, greenish-white, white, or purple; petals oblanceolate to obovate with a narrower in- flexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete, or small; styles slender, the stylopodium lacking. Carpo- phore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit linear to orbicular or obovate, flattened dorsally, glabrous, roughened, or pubescent; dorsal ribs filiform or obsolete, the lateral with membranaceous or corky wings, these broader than the body to much narrower, rarely obsolete; oil-tubes small or large, solitary to numerous in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure, or sometimes obscure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane to slightly concave. Type species, Lomatium villosum Raf. (L. foeniculaceum Coult. & Rose). Peduncles not conspicuously inflated at the apex, slender or uniformly fistulose, the rays sometimes dilated into a prominent disc. Fruit more or less deeply emarginate at each end, the wings distinct on each side of the body; leaflets mostly broad in outline. Key 1. Fruit not emarginate or scarcely so, the wings more or less joined above and below the body; leaflets mostly narrow. Plants mostly low, from globose or somewhat elongate or irregular tubers; leaves mostly small. Key 2. Plants usually stouter, from more or less thickened elongate tap- roots, sometimes with a very deep-seated tuber. Leaves decompound, dissected into numerous small divisions. Ovaries and young (sometimes mature) fruit variously pu- bescent or roughened. Key 3. Ovaries and fruit glabrous. Bractlets absent. Key 4. Bractlets present. Key 5. Leaves with mostly few or large divisions, ternately or pin- nately divided, the divisions mostly remote. Key 6 Peduncles conspicuously swollen and inflated at the apex. 78. L. nudicaule. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Key 1. Leaf-segments not pinnatifid, merely toothed or sometimes 3-lobed. Leaves 1—2-ternate; wings thickened, much broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; southern California. Leaves ternate-pinnate; wings thin, about equaling or broader than the body; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals. Fruit broadly oval; plants mostly low; Napa and Lake counties, California. Fruit suborbicular; plants mostly taller; southern Oregon and ad- jacent California. Leaf-segments pinnatifid, usually incised. Leaf-blades small, mostly equaling or shorter than the petioles; fruit 7-10 mm. long; California mainland. Leaf-divisions not acerose-tipped; wings broader than the body; Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties, California. Foliage green; rays 0.8—2.5 cm. long; pedicels 3-6 mm. long. Foliage pale; rays 3-6.5 cm. long; pedicels 7-17 mm. long. Leaf-divisions acerose-tipped; wings less than half as wide as the pedy eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, Cali- ornia. Leaf-blades large, longer than the petioles; fruit 12-15 mm. long; San Nicolas Island, California. Key 2. Ovaries and fruit variously pubescent. Flowers white or purple; bractlets absent or setaceous. Flowers yellow; bractlets distinct and obovate, or connate. Tuber deep-seated, oblong; bractlets united nearly to the apex; fruit ovate, sessile or subsessile; oil-tubes obsolete. ‘Tuber globose or occasionally elongate; bractlets distinct, obovate, scarious-margined; fruit oblong; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; oil- tubes prominent. Ovaries and fruit glabrous. Involucel absent or inconspicuous. Flowers yellow; pedicels prominent, 4-25 mm. long. Plants caulescent, alternately branched above; pedicels 4-15 mim. long. Plants glabrous; lower leaves ternate-pinnate; fruit oblong, 8-10 mm. long. Plants puberulent; lower leaves 2—3-pinnate; fruit ovate- oblong, 6-7 mm. long. Plants acaulescent, unbranched; pedicels 15—25 mm. long. Flowers white; pedicels short or obsolete, up to 2 mm. long. Involucel of conspicuous bractlets. Leaflets few; fruit linear, 1-1.5 mm. broad, constricted toward the apex; wings almost obsolete. Leaflets several to many; fruit ovate to linear-oblong, 2-6 mm. broad, not constricted above; wings evident. Bractlets linear to linear-lanceolate, sometimes more or less connate. Leaflets filiform to linear, mostly elongate, up to 8 cm. long; flowers white or yellow. Flowers yellow; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Flowers white; oil-tubes several in the intervals. Bractlets distinct; pedicels lax, 6-17 mm. long. Bractlets more or less connate; pedicels suberect, 2—5 . mm. long. Leaflets short-linear, up to 1 cm. long; flowers white. Rays 2-6; fruit oblong-oval; wings corky, homochromous with the brown body. Rays 12-17; fruit linear-oblong; wings membranaceous, lighter-colored than the body. Bractlets obovate, sometimes connate. Plants acaulescent; oil-tubes 2—4 in the intervals. Plants caulescent; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Key 3. Bractlets oblanceolate to obovate. Plants scabrous or roughened; umbels 10—25-rayed; wings equaling the body. Plants glabrous or pubescent, not scabrous nor roughened; umbels 5—13-rayed; wings mostly broader than the body. Mature fruit glabrous. Mature fruit papillate. 18. 11. 16. 10. 12. 13. 14. 20. 21. 22. 23. 23a. 223 . L. lucidum. . L. repostum. . L. Howellii. . L. parvifolium. . L. parvifolium var. pallidum. . L. rigidum. L. insulare. L. Gormani. . L. Watsoni. nde. Cous: . ambiguum. . Rollinsii. . Hamblenae. Piperi. Sil Sial! lel . ovogenioides. L. leptocarpum. L. farinosum. L. Geyeri. . Hendersonii. . Canbyi. . montanum. . ciycumdatum, BH WON L. vaginatum. L. utriculatum. L. utriculatum var, papillatum. 224 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Bractlets mostly linear, never obovate, sometimes reduced to a sheath. Young fruit granulate-roughened, not pubescent. Plants caulescent; peduncles numerous; fertile rays 5-14; Montana and Idaho. Plants acaulescent; peduncles solitary to few; fertile rays 1-3; southern Oregon and northern California. Young fruit variously pubescent, not granulate-roughened. Bractlets with a conspicuous scarious margin, never tomentose nor villous. Bractlets not conspicuously scarious-margined, more or less tomen- tose or villous. Plants acaulescent, usually low, up to 3 or rarely 5 dm. high. Plants more or less villous throughout; petioles shorter than the leaf-blades. Petioles 1—2.5 cm. long, usually sheathing throughout; flowers yellow, tinged with purple; Great Basin. Petioles 3-8 cm. long, sheathing about to the middle; flowers yellow; Great Plains. Plants hoary-pubescent, never villous; petioles longer than te leaf-blades; deserts of California and adjacent Ne- vada. Plants short-caulescent, rarely acaulescent, mostly higher, up to 5 dm. high. Petals glabrous; fruit narrowly oblong, sparingly pubescent with long hairs. Petals tomentose; fruit ovate-oblong to orbicular, densely pubescent. Pedicels mostly longer than the fruit; wings broader than the body, membranaceous, thinly pubescent to gla- brate. Pedicels mostly shorter than the fruit; wings narrower than or equaling the body, somewhat thickened, to- mentose. Key 4. Foliage and peduncles pubescent to glabrate; umbels 2—7-rayed; northern California. Foliage and peduncles glabrous, rarely scaberulous; umbels 5—16-rayed. Flowers white; pedicels 6-10 mm. long; central Sierra Nevada foot- hills, California. Flowers creamy-white to yellow; pedicels less than 6 mm. long, except in L. angustatum var. flavum. Leaf-divisions filiform, 3-8 mm. long; southern Sierra Nevada, California. Leaf-divisions ovate, 1-2 mm. long; Cascade Mountains and Coast Ranges, British Columbia to Oregon. Flowers creamy-white; pedicels 1-6 mm. long. Flowers lemon-yellow; pedicels 8-16 mm. long. Key 5. Bractlets obovate, sometimes connate. Plants usually with several cauline leaves; wings broader than the body, the dorsal ribs obsolete. Fruit ovate to obovate, 9-15 mm. long; calyx-lobes prominent in the young fruit. Fruit oblong to ovate, 5-11 mm. long; calyx-lobes obsolete. Plants without or with a single cauline leaf; wings narrower than the body, or if broader, the dorsal ribs evident. Plants glabrous or slightly pubescent; flowers yellow (or if purple, the plants of the western Sierra Nevada). Plants cespitose; leaflets crowded; montane Montana to north- eastern Oregon. Plants not cespitose; leaflets distinct; California and western Oregon. Leaves broadly ovate to obovate; fertile rays 6-15. Leaves oblong to ovate; fertile rays 2-5. Bractlets entire or toothed; leaf-divisions elongate, up to 60 mm. long; California. Bractlets 1—3-ternately lobed; leaf-divisions shorter, up to 8 mm. long; Willamette Valley, Oregon. Plants scaberulous to densely pubescent; flowers white or purple (or if yellow, the plants of the northern Coast Ranges of California). Flowers purple or yellow; leaves ternate, then 1—2-pinnate; northern Coast Ranges of California. Leaves 3-7 cm. long, the ultimate divisions oblong to ovate, with oblong to ovate lobes 1-5 mm. long; peduncles 7-14 cm. long; pedicels 2-4 mm. long; fruit-wings thickish. 44. L 31. 39: 41. 46. 43. 45. 47. 47a. 24. 23. 20. 28. 29. 30. 2B L. L. E. [VoLUME 28B, . Sandbergii. . Peckianum. . nevadense. . MacDougali. . foeniculaceum. . mohavense. . macrocarpum. . dasycar pum. . Llomentosum. . Engelmannii. . Congdoni. Torreyi. angustatum. angustatum var. flavum. hh . Vaseyi. . utriculatum. . montanum. . carvuifolium. . humile. . Bradshawii. . ciliolatum, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Leaves 6-13 cm. long, the ultimate divisions or lobes linear, 1-10 mm. long; peduncles 8-25 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit-wings thin. Flowers white; leaves tripinnate; Great Basin, Rocky Moun- tains, and Great Plains. Plants softly puberulent; bractlets distinct; rays subequal; Great Plains and eastern foothills of the Rocky Moun- tains. Plants pubescent; bractlets connate, sometimes reduced; rays unequal; Great Basin. Wings narrower than the body; dorsal ribs inconspicuous. Wings broader than the body; dorsal ribs conspicuous. Bractlets filiform to linear-lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate-acuminate, never obovate. Bractlets more or less tomentose or villous. Flowers white; bractlets distinct, equaling to greatly exceeding the flowers. Wings narrower than or equaling the body. Wings broader than the body. Flowers yellow; bractlets connate to above the middle, equaling the flowers. Bractlets glabrous or minutely and sparingly roughened. Fruit 12-16 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, the wings very narrow and corky-thickened. Fruit subsessile; pedicels shorter than the sterile flowers. Fruit pedicellate; pedicels exceeding the sterile flowers. Fruit 5-13 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, the wings thin and membra- naceous. : Plants more or less pubescent. Flowers yellow; plants mostly low, less than 3 dm. high; Great Basin. Bractlets distinct; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; wings about half as broad as the body; oil-tubes several in the intervals. Bractlets connate at the base; pedicels 4-6 (rarely 10) mm. long; wings nearly as broad as the body; oil- tubes solitary in the intervals. Fruit oblong to oblong-ovate, 9-13 mm. long. Fruit ovate, 8 mm. long. Flowers white; plants usually taller, up to 4.5 dm. high. Plants soft-puberulent; rays subequal; Great Plains and eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Plants pubescent; rays unequal; Great Basin. Wings narrower than the body; dorsal ribs incon- spicuous. Wings broader than the body; dorsal ribs conspicu- ous. Plants glabrous or occasionally scaberulous, never pubescent; flowers yellow or purple. Plants acaulescent or with a pseudoscape. Peduncles stout, fistulose; pedicels 15—25 mm. long; fruit 16—24 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad. Peduncles slender; pedicels 3-22 mm. long; fruit 5-7 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad. Leaf-divisions lanceolate to oblanceolate, minutely papillose above; bractlets finely puberulent; Snake River drainage. Leaf-divisions filiform, linear, or linear-oblong, gla- brous or scaberulous; bractlets glabrous, rarely slightly scaberulous. Leaves oblong to ovate, 4-10 cm. long; fruit 3-5 mm. broad. Fertile rays 8-30; pedicels 3-15 mm. long. Fruit ovate to ovate-oblong, 4-5 mm. broad, the wings less than half as wide as the body; foliage grayish; northern Great Basin. Fruit oblong, 3 mm. broad, the wings about half as wide as the body; foliage green and shining; western Oregon. 25a 2 . L. ciliolatum var. Hooveri. . L. orientale. . L. nevadense var. Parishii. . L. nevadense var. pseudorientale. 42. L. macrocarpum. 35. oon. 33b. 38. 32a. 32b. 49. 55. 56. 66. elliplicum. . L. dauctfolium. . L. dissectum. 48a. L. dissectum var. multifidum. L. juniperinum. Sonnei. Austinae. L. orientale. L. nevadense var. Parishii. L. nevadense var. pseudorientale. L. columbianum, L. serpentinum. L. Donnellii. L. Hallii. L. Plummerae var. L. Plummerae var. 5 2a. L. macrocarpum var. 226 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Fertile rays 1-6; pedicels 1-5 mm. long. Leaves obovate, 6—26 cm. long; fruit 5-8 mm. broad. Leaf-divisions rather remote, elongate, up to 80 mm. long; petioles wholly sheathing or nearly so; bractlets scarious-margined; California. Leaf-divisions crowded, shorter, up to 11 mm. long; petioles sheathing only at the base; bractlets not scarious-margined; Rocky Mountains and Great Basin. Plants short-caulescent. Leaf-divisions remote, mostly elongate, up to 8 cm. long. Leaf-divisions crowded, shorter, up to 11 mm. long. Petioles wholly sheathing; fruit acute at the apex; east-central California and adjacent Nevada. Petioles partially sheathing; fruit rounded at the apex. Bractlets sparingly hispid; southwestern Oregon. Bractlets glabrous; Columbia Plateau and Great Basin. Peduncles stout, fistulose; rays stout. Peduncles slender; rays slender. Foliage glaucous; rays divergent in fruit; flowers purple. Leaflets linear, herbaceous; anthers yellow. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate, rigid, cus- pidate; anthers purple. Foliage green or gray-green, not glaucous; rays spreading-ascending in fruit; flowers yellow or salmon-yellow. Fruit-wings thick, corky, homochro- mous with the body; flowers sal- mon-yellow. Fruit-wings thin, membranaceous, rarely obsolete, lighter-colored than the body; flowers yellow. Key 6. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent; leaves 1—2-pinnate, rarely 3-pin- nate. Foliage variously pubescent. Ovaries and fruit pubescent. Ovaries and fruit glabrous. Leaves pinnate; plants less than 1 dm. high. Leaves mostly 2—3-pinnate; plants 1 dm. or more high. Plants caulescent, alternately branched above, puberulent; Oregon and Idaho. Plants acaulescent, unbranched, scaberulous; Colorado and Utah. Pedicels 6-17 mm. long; wings equaling or broader than the body; southwestern Colorado. Pedicels 2(?)—9 mm. long; wings less than half as broad as the body; southwestern Utah. Foliage glabrous. Leaves 2-3-pinnate. Plants short-caulescent, 12-25 cm. high; bractlets foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate; fruit ovate, 5-8 mm. long. Plants acaulescent, 15-50 cm. high; bractlets linear; fruit ob- long, 7-13 mm. long. Peduncles equaling or somewhat exceeding the leaves; pedi- cels 10-17 mm. long; wings equaling or somewhat broader than the body. Peduncles usually greatly exceeding the leaves; pedicels 3-7 mm. long; wings about half as broad as the body. Leaf-divisions remote, 10-50 mm. long; plants tall, stout. Leaf-divisions crowded, 1-4 mm. long; plants low, slen- der. Leaves bipinnate, the pinnae few, remote. Leaves tripinnate, the pinnae many, crowded. Leaves pinnate, rarely bipinnate. Plants less than 1 dm. high; leaf-blades less than 2.5 cm. long. Plants acaulescent, 1-3.5 cm. high; rays 3-12 mm. long; southwestern Utah. 27. 33. 57. 52. SH 54. 51. 50. 39: 58. 61. 62. L 63. 64. 65. 50a. 66. 58. L L. [VOLUME 28B, . Tracyt. . marginaltum. . Grayi. . marginatum. . Plummerae. . Nelsonianum. . minus. . tuberosum. . cuspidatum. . salmoniflorum. . Grayi. . oreganum. - minimum. . Rollinsii. . Eastwoodae. . scabrum, . concinnum, . Parryt. . Nuttallit. Grayi var. depauperatum. L. L. Hallii. minimum. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Plants caulescent with one cauline leaf, 5-8 cm. high; rays 1.5—2 mm. long; Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Plants more than 1 dm. high; leaf-blades more than 2.5 cm. long. Leaflets ovate, crowded; fruit 13-16 mm. long; high Cascade Mountains, Oregon. Leaflets linear to lanceolate, remote; fruit less than 12 mm. long; mountains of the Great Basin. Umbel 3—6-rayed; pedicels 4-10 mm. long. 60. 67. 65a. 227 L. Greenmannii. L. Martindalet. L. Nuttallit var. alpinum, Umbels 4-11-rayed; pedicels 1—4 mm. long. Leaf-divisions lanceolate, 2-6 mm. broad; central rays sterile. 68. L. latilobum. Leaf-divisions linear, about 1 mm. broad; central rays fertile. 69. L. megarrhizum. Plants mostly caulescent, tall; leaves ternately-pinnately or quinately- pinnately divided. Plants variously pubescent. Ovaries and young fruit glabrous. Leaf-divisions linear; fruit 7-14 mm. long. Leaves biternate; bractlets shorter than the pedicels; fruit 7-14 mm. broad, the wings equaling or broader than the body. Leaves ternate-pinnate; bractlets equaling the pedicels; fruit 3-5 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body. Leaf-divisions ovate-lanceolate to obovate; fruit 13-22 mm. long. 71. L. triternatum var. anomalum. Ovaries and young fruit pubescent. Leaves biternate; wings equaling or broader than the body. 70a. L. simplex var. leptophyllum. Leaves ternate-pinnate; wings narrower than the body. Leaf-divisions elongate, up to 14.5 cm. long. 7\b. L. triternatum var. macrocar pum. Leaf-divisions shorter, up to 2.2 cm. long. Plants low, up to 3.5 dm. high; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit 6-8 mm. long. 71c. L. triternatum var. } brevifolium,. Plants 9-21 dm. high; pedicels 6-17 mm. long; fruit 24-28 mm. long. 75a. L. Suksdorfii var. Thompsonii. Plants glabrous, or rarely slightly scaberulous, never pubescent. Plants 9-21 dm. high; fruit 15-32 mm. long. 75. L. Suksdor fi. Plants 1-12 dm. high; fruit 6-15 mm. long. ‘Plants 3-12 dm. high; leaf-divisions cuneate to obovate, 5-40 mm. broad, glaucous; southern Oregon and California. 77. L. californicum. Plants 1-4 dm. high; leaf-divisions filiform to oblong or oblance- olate, 0.5-8 mm. broad, not glaucous; Idaho and Mon- tana to central and eastern Washington and Oregon. Stems simple or occasionally few-branched; leaf-divisions filiform to oblong. Flowers white or purplish; involucel about equaling the flowers; pedicels 2-6 mm. long. 72. L. Cusickii. Flowers yellow; involucel wanting or inconspicuous; pedicels 4-15 mm. long. Leaves ternate-pinnate or partially biternate, the leaflets few; rays 3-7; fruit 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad. 73. L. idahoense. Leaves ternate, then 2—3-pinnate, the leaflets numer- ous; rays 9-20; fruit 6-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. : broad. 74. L. laevigatum. Stems few-branched; leaf-divisions linear-lanceolate to ob- lanceolate; fruit usually reflexed. 76. L. Brandegei. 1. Lomatium lucidum (Nutt.) Jepson, Econ. Pl. Calif. 119. Euryplera lucida Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 629. 1840. Peucedanum Euryptera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Peucedanum Hassei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 276. 1889. Euryptera Hassei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 242. Cogswellia lucida M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. Cogswellia Hassei M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. 1900. . L. simplex. . L. triternatum. 1924. Plants short-caulescent, 2.6-5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5—9 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, the ultimate divisions deltoid to cuneate, 15-70 mm. long, 10-65 mm. broad, entire or 3-lobed, 228 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, regularly and sharply dentate; petioles 2.5-14 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles stout, exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate, acuminate, distinct or somewhat connate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 10—20, spreading, 2-8.5 cm. long; pedicels 7-17 mm, long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit suborbicular to broadly elliptic, 6-15 mm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, emarginate especially at the base, the wings thick, broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. TyPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Woods of San Diego,” California, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges of southern California (Constance & Peirson 2851, Ewan 4173). ILLUSTRATIONS: Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. pl. 27; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 241 (fr.); Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild Fl. 333; Madrofio 1: 150; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 720. 2. Lomatium repostum (Jepson) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2523 eLOS i. Lomatium lucidum var. repostum Jepson, Madrojio 1: 149. 1924. Plants acaulescent, 1.5—-3.6 dm. high, from a long, slender, sometimes branching taproot, glabrous; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-15 cm. long, 1—2- ternate or ternate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions ovate to subflabellate, 1-4 cm. long, 1-6 cm. broad, regularly and sharply dentate, rarely shallowly lobed; petioles 3-17 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of lanceolate, subacuminate, dimidi- ate bractlets, usually connate below, about equaling the flowers; rays 8-20, spreading, 3-8 cm. long; pedicels 8-12 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers greenish-yellow; fruit broadly oval, 10-15 mm. long, 7-12 mm. broad, emarginate at base and apex, the wings thin, about equaling to much broader than the body; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure. Typr LocaALity: “ Near Collin’s Spring, Vaca Mountains,’’ California, Jepson. DISTRIBUTION: Inner Coast Ranges, northern Napa and southern Lake counties, California (Howell 5358, Mathias 1293, 1319). 3. Lomatium Howellii (S. Wats.) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 637. 1936. Peucedanum Howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885. Euryptera Howellii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 243. 1900. Cogswellia Howellii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2.5-4 dm. high, from a long slender branching taproot, glabrous; leaves obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5-11 cm. long, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions deltoid, 10-25 mm. long, 8-30 mm. broad, entire to 3-lobed, sharply and regularly dentate; petioles 2.5—7.5 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several lanceolate to filiform bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 10-15, spreading, 2.5-5.5 cm. long; pedicels 8-12 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit suborbicular, 7-11 mm. long, 7-11 mm. broad, deeply emarginate at base and apex, the wings about equaling the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 9 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Near Waldo, Josephine County, Oregon, Howell. ve DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Oregon and adjacent California (Howell 241, 302, 1153, Thompson 10). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 243 (fr.). 4. Lomatium parvifolium (H. & A.) Jepson, Madrofio 1: 150. 1924. Ferula parvifolia H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1838. Peucedanum parvifolium T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 628. 1840. Hencea ont californicum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1888. Not P. californicum Nutt. Euryptera parvifolia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 241. 1900. Cogswellia parvifolia K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 177. 1916. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5—4 dm. high, from a long taproot, glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-10 cm. long, ternate (rarely with confluent leaflets), then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions lanceolate to cuneate, 8-24 mm. long, 7—15 mm, broad, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 229 irregularly and sharply pinnatifid-incised; petioles 3-15 cm. long, shortly sheathing below, purplish; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate to filiform bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 8-14, spreading, 0.8—2.5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 3-6 mm. long, the umbellets 14~20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit orbicular to oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, emarginate at base and apex, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes 1 or 2 (mostly 1) in the dorsal intervals, 2 or 3 in the lateral, 4-6 on the commissure. Type Locaity: California, probably near Monterey, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Coastal, Monterey County to San Luis Obispo County, California (Heller 6735, 8420). 4a. Lomatium parvifolium var. pallidum (Coult. & Rose) Jepson, Madrofio 1: 150. 1924. Euryptera pallida Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 242. 1900. Cogswellia pallida M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908.” Foliage paler; rays 3-6.5 cm. long; pedicels 7-17 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Lucia Mountains, California, Vasey 232. DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Obispo and Monterey counties, California. 5. Lomatium insulare (Eastw.) Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 358. 1935. Peucedanum insulare Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: 106. 1898. Euryptera insularis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 243. 1900. Cogswellia insularis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1-4 (?) dm. high, from a long stout taproot, glabrous; leaves ovate to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-9 cm. long, 2—3-ternate to biquinate, then pinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong to ovate-oblong, cuneate, 4-14 mm. long, 2-8 mm. broad, irregularly pinnatifid; petioles 2.5-3 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles stout, exceed- ing the leaves; involucel of filiform bractlets, exceeding the flowers; rays 15-20, spreading, 3.5—-8 em. long, subequal; pedicels 6-12 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-ovate, 12-15 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, emarginate at base and apex, the wings thick, about equaling the body; oil-tubes 2 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure, rarely 1 in the wings. TyPE Loca.ity: “Sand cliffs overhanging briny arroyas, San Nicholas Island,”’ California, Trask. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Howell 8207, Trask 51). ILLUSTRATION: Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 1: pl. 8. 6. Lomatium rigidum (M. E. Jones) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 637. 1936. Cogswellia rigida M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 13: 11. 1910. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2.5-4 dm. high, from a cluster of dried leaf-sheaths, glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-12 cm. long, bipinnate (the lower leaflets elongate, appearing ternate), the ultimate divisions ovate to cuneate, 10—20 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, sharply pinnatifid, the lobes with acerose or spinulose teeth; petioles 5-10 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, lanceolate, acuminate bractlets, about equaling the pedicels, reflexed in fruit; rays 10-20, spreading, 2.5—5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; flowers yellow; calyx-teeth conspicuous especially in the young fruit; fruit ovate to oblong, 7-9 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, emarginate at the base, rounded at the apex, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 3 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Rocky point north of the town,” Big Pine, Inyo County, California, 4000 ft., Hall & Chandler 7225. DisTRIBUTION: Eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, Inyo County, California (Austin 447a, Alexander & Kellogg 2546, 2546a). 230 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 7. Lomatium Gormani (Howell) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 208. 1900. Peucedanum Gormani Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 1: 252. 1 Ap 1898. Peucedanum confusum Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 10 Ap 1898. Cogswellia Gormani M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Lomatium Gormani {. purpureum St. John; St. John et al. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 196. 1928. Plants acaulescent, 1-1.5 dm. high, from a shallow globose tuber up to 2.5 cm. in diameter, covered with fascicles of rootlets; leaves broadly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-5.5 em. long, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong to linear, 2-13 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, acute, glabrous or sparingly puberulent; petioles 2.5—7 cm. long, scarious, sheathing throughout; peduncles exceeding the leaves, glabrous or sparingly puberulent; involucel wanting, or of a few setaceous, scarious-margined bractlets, exceeding the pedicels; rays 4-10, 0.6-3 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 0.5—3 mm. long, the umbellets 10—20- flowered; flowers white or rarely rose-purple, the anthers purple; fruit ovate, 5-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, puberulent, the wings about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure. TypE Locality: ‘High hills opposite the Dalles,’ probably Klickitat County, Washington, Howell. DISTRIBUTION: Idaho to central and southeastern Washington and central Oregon (Cusick 3411, Elmer 73). 8. Lomatium Piperi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900. Cogswellia Piperi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1-2.5 dm. high, from a small, globose, sometimes deep-seated tuber, glabrous or the foliage puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-7.5 cm. long, ternate, then tripinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, 3-30 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, obtuse to acute; petioles 3.5-10 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel wanting, or of a few inconspicuous, linear bractlets, shorter than the flowers; rays 3-20, spreading, 1-6 cm. long, unequal; pedicels obsolete to less than 2 mm. long, the umbellets 6—13-flowered; flowers white, the anthers purple; fruit ovate to oblong, 5-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 1-8 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. ‘TPE LOCALITY: Ellensburg, Spokane (Kittitas) County, Washington, Vasey. DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho and central Washington to northern California (Cusick 10687, Thompson 8188). 9. Lomatium orogenioides (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 242. 1937. Leibergia orogenioides Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 575. 1896. Cogswellia orogenioides M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants acaulescent, slender, 1-4 dm. high, from a globose tuber 6-12 mm. in diameter; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-11 cm. long, 2-3-ternate, glabrous, the ultimate divisions few, filiform, 10-45 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute, minutely apiculate; petioles 2-7 cm. long, usually sheathing to about the middle; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few, linear, acute bractlets, exceeding the pedicels; rays 3-10, ascending, 3-15 cm. long, unequal, glabrous or sparsely scaberulous; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, the umbellets about 10-flowered; flowers white; fruit linear, 8-10 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, constricted toward the apex, the wings narrow to almost obsolete; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Santianne Creek bottoms, Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho, 950 m., Leiberg 1027. DistRIBUTION: Northern Idaho and northeastern Washington (Suksdorf 8645). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr U S Nat, Herb. 3: pl. 277 ©. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 175 (fr.); Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: pl. 3. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 231 10. Lomatium farinosum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900. Peucedanum farinosum Geyer; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 235. 1847. Cogswellia farinosa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5-3 dm. high, from a globose tuber 1—2 cm. in diameter, gla- brous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10 cm. long, biternate, the ultimate divisions linear, 15-80 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute, narrowed toward the base; petioles 1-7 cm. long, sheathing at the base; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of 1-few linear, acuminate, sometimes scarious, deciduous bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 3-12, weak, ascending, 1-7 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 6-17 mm. long, the umbellets 12—15-flowered; flowers white; fruit linear-oblong, 5—6 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, the wings narrow, about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes several in the intervals. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘On an isolated rock in the Coeur d’Alene Mountains on wet clay,’”’ Idaho, Geyer 325. DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho and eastern Washington (Heller & Heller 3036, Sandberg & Leiberg 131). 11. Lomatium Hamblenae Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: oon L942. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1-3.5 dm. high, from a globose tuber about 1.5 cm. in diametér, glabrous; leaves obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-12 cm. long, 1-2-ternate, then pinnate or pinnately lobed, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, 5—23 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute, apiculate; petioles 2-5 cm. long, scarious or broadly scarious- margined, sheathing at the base; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few incon- spicuous, linear or lanceolate bractlets, distinct or connate, very much shorter than the pedicels; rays 2-8, ascending, 4-8 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 15-25 mm. long, the umbellets 10—15- flowered; flowers bright yellow; fruit oblong-ovate, 5-8 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than the body. Typr Loca.ity: ‘On level scab-rock bench at Dry Falls, Grand Coulee,’’ Washington, Frances G. Hamblen. DISTRIBUTION: Central Washington (Hoover 5606, 5815). 12. Lomatium Geyeri (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900. Heuredoniim ambiguum sensu Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 235. 1847. Not P. ambiguum Nutt. 1840. Peucedanum Geyeri S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 428. 1878. Orogenia fusiformis var. Leibergi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 92. 1888. Peucedanum eviltatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889. Cogswellia Geyeri M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Orogenia Leibergii Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 611, 1064. 1917. Plants acaulescent, 2—4.5 dm. high, from a shallow or deep-seated small tuber less than 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 7—9 cm. long, ternate, then pinnate, the ultimate divisions few, remote, linear, 10-50 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 7—13 cm. long, purplish, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious-margined, connate bractlets, apous equaling the flowers; rays 5—20, spreading to ascending, 1-6 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-5 mm. long, the umbellets several-flowered; flowers white, the anthers purple; fruit ovate-oblong, 6-13 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes small, obscure, 2—6 in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure. Tyre Loca.ity: “Sandy woods and plains, Upper Columbia River,’’ Geyer 458. DisTRIBUTION: Eastern British Columbia to central Washington (Thompson 9594, 10,499). 232 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, 13. Lomatium Hendersonii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900. Peucedanum Hendersonii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 210. 1888. Leptotaenia Leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 202. 1900. Cogswellia Hendersoni M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Leptotaenia Hendersoni Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Plants short-caulescent, 0.8—2.5 dm. high, from large, shallow, subglobose tubers, glabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-8 cm. long, ternate, then pinnate or bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 4-10 mm. long; petioles 2-5 cm. long, narrowly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the sheaths scarious and broadly dilated; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few lanceolate bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 5—6, spreading to ascending, 0.5-3 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-7 mm. long, few fertile, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers “‘deep yellow’ (appearing white in dried specimens); fruit oblong-oval, 4-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much nar- rower than and homochromous with the body, slightly corky-thickened; oil-tubes minute, solitary in the intervals, usually 2 on the commissure. Tyre LocaLity: “On high hilltops, John Day Valley, Oregon,”’ Howell. DistTRIBUTION: Central to southeastern Oregon (Leach 3695). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: pl. 7. 14. Lomatium Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900. Peucedanum Canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13:78. 1888. Cogswellia Canbyi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1.5—2 dm. high, from a thick, elongate rootstock ending in a globose tuber 1-2.5 ecm. in diameter, glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-9 cm. long, ternate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions distinct, linear, 4-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, obtuse, mucronulate; petioles 4-6 cm. long, forming a conspicuous, scarious, purple-veined sheath; peduncles solitary, exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear, acute to subacuminate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 12-17, spreading, 2.7—5.5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 8-12 mm. long, the umbellets 13—16-flowered; flowers white; fruit oval-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1 or 2 in the intervals, 2—4 on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘High ridges, Eastern Oregon,’ Howell 67. DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho to central Washington and Oregon and northeastern California (Cusick 1834, Howell 1367). 15. Lomatium Watsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900. Peucedanum Watsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888. Cogswellia Watsoni M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 0.8-1.5 dm. high, from a deep-seated, solitary, oblong tuber with clusters of rootlets on its surface, puberulent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5-3.5 em. long, 2—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear, 1-5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 3-4.5 cm. long, scarious, partially or wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of dimidiate scarious bractlets, connate to near the apex, about equaling the flowers; rays 1-9, ascending, 0.5-2.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels obsolete to 1 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate, 6-7 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, puberulent, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes obscure, several in the intervals, about 6 on the commissure. Typr Locaity: “On denuded hilltops near Alkali, Oregon,’’ Howell 830. DIsTRIBUTION: Central Washington to northeastern Oregon (Thompson 11,416). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 233 16. Lomatium leptocarpum (T. & G.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 213. 1900. Peucedanum triternatum var. leptocarpum T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum leptocarpum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626, as syn. 1840. Peucedanum bicolor S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 129. 1871. Peucedanum ambiguum var. leptocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 59. 1888. Lomatium bicolor Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 237. 1900. Peucedanum bicolor var. gumbonis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 10:55. 1902. Cogswellia bicolor M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Cogswellia leptocarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Lomatium ambiguum var. leptocarpum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 159. 1924. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5-5.5 dm. high, from elongate, moniliform, tuberous roots, glabrous to scaberulous; leaves broadly obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 9-14 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, then 2-4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions filiform to linear, 0.5—45 mum. long, 0.1-2 mm. broad, mucronulate; petioles 2.2-7 cm. long, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear, acute bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 4-15, suberect, strict, 2-12 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-7 mm. long, the umbellets 10-16-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, 10-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Plains of the Oregon near the confluence of the Wahlamet”’ [mouth of the Willamette River], Oregon, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Colorado to northern Idaho, south to northern Arizona and northeastern California (Cusick 2381, 2414, Constance, Beetle & Ownbey 2738). 17. Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: 212. 1900. Eulophus ambiguus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7:27. 1834. Peucedanum ambiguum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum tenuissimum Geyer; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 235. 1847. Peucedanum abrotanifolium Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 184. 1848. Cogswellia ambigua M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants caulescent, 0.6—4.4 dm. high, solitary or clustered at the base, alternately few- branched above, the stems purplish, especially above, from tuberous moniliform roots or elongate taproots, glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-12 em. long, the lower usually ternate-pinnate, the upper 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divi- sions usually distinct, linear, 3-50 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, acute; petioles 1-6.5 cm. long, conspicuously sheathing at the base; peduncles 2-12 cm. long, the axillary umbels mostly sterile; involucel wanting; rays 5-17, spreading, 1.5—8 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 4-8 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, 8-10 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings very narrow; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Type Locaity: ‘‘ Borders of Flat-Head River, Oregon’’ [how Montana], Wyeth. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana, Wyoming, and northern Utah to eastern British Columbia, central Washington, and Oregon (Elmer 827, Constance & Beetle 2749, Nelson & Nelson 5782). ILLUSTRATIONS: Rep. Comm. Agr. U.S. 1870: 407. pl. 19. 18. Lomatium Rollinsii Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 70: 39. 1942. Plants slender, caulescent, alternately branched, 2.5—-5 dm. high, from an elongate and often tuberous taproot, crisped-puberulent throughout; leaves oblong in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 5—15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, bipinnate or partially tripinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute or obtuse, 2-30 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, puberulent; petioles 5-15 cm. long, narrowly short-sheathing at the base, those of the cauline leaves narrowly and wholly sheathing; involucel of minute, filiform bractlets; rays 4-8, ascending, 1.5—5 cm. long, unequal, slender, puberulent; pedicels filiform, 6-15 mm. long, the umbellets 8—-15-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-ovate, 6-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings one-half 234 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, the width of the body; oil-tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals, 2 in the lateral, 4 on the com- missure. Type Locatity: “Near Deep Creek, Snake River Canyon, Wallowa County, Oregon,’’ Con- stance, Rollins & Dillon 1573. DISTRIBUTION: Drainage system of the Snake and Salmon rivers, Oregon and Idaho (Christ 10,877, 10,899, Christ & Ward 7300). 19. Lomatium Cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 214. 1900. Peucedanum Cous S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Cogswellia Cous M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2—2.5 dm. high, from a globose, sometimes elongate tuber; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5.5—9.5 cm. long, usually glabrous, ternate, then 2—3-pinnate or pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions crowded, ovate to oblong, 1-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, mucronulate; petioles 3-6 cm. long, sheathing to above the middle; peduncles exceeding the leaves, scaberulous; involucel of oblanceolate, shortly connate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 10-20, spreading, 1-5 em. long, unequal; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-oval, 7-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, granular-roughened, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes usually solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. ‘Typr Loca.rty: “John Day’s Valley, eastern Oregon,” Howell 270. DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho to southeastern Washington and central Oregon (Cusick 1837, Heller & Heller 3052). 20. Lomatium montanum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 214. 1900. Lomatium purpureum A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 226. 1901. Peucedanum montanum Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1:93. 1905. Cogswellia montana M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1-3 dm. high, cespitose from a thickened taproot or a subglobose tuber, glabrous; leaves usually oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-12 cm. long, ternate, then 2-3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, oblong, 2-10 mm. long, 0.5—-3 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1.5—7 cm. long, sheathing to above the middle, purplish; pe- duncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, obovate, purplish bractlets, distinct or united below; rays 5-15, spreading, 1-6.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-3 mm. long, the um- bellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oval-oblong, 5-12 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings narrower than or about equaling the body; oil-tubes. 2-4 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure. Typr LocALity: ‘‘ Mountain ridges in Yellowstone National Park,’’ Rose 479. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and Wyoming to northern Idaho and eastern Oregon (Blankin- ship 223, Nelson & Nelson 5496). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: pl. 9; Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bot. 26: pl. 21. 21. Lomatium circumdatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 213. 1900. Peucedanum circumdatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474. 1887. Cogswellia circumdata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Plants caulescent, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, from an elongate to subglobose tuber, glabrous to somewhat pubescent; leaves broadly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—6 cm. long, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions distinct, linear, 6-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 3-6 cm. long, those of the cauline leaves wholly scarious-sheathing ; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, obovate, acute, prominently nerved, sometimes connate bractlets, much longer than the flowers; rays 7-12, ascending, 2-8 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; fruit oblong, 6-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 4 on the commissure. Parr 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 235 TypE LOCALITY: ‘‘Abundant on hillsides in the Wallowa region of eastern Oregon,’’ Cusick. DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho to adjacent Washington, southeastern Oregon, and northeastern Nevada (Heller & Heller 4043, Sandberg, MacDougal & Leiberg 21). a 22. Lomatium vaginatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 3223. 1900: Cogswellia vaginata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:34. 1908. Lomatium Plummerae var. Helleri Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 258. 1937. Plants caulescent, 2.3-4.5 dm. high, from an elongate thickened root, scabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-13 cm. long, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, oblong, 1-5 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1.5-10 em. long, those of the cauline leaves wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, oblanceolate to obovate, acute bractlets; rays 6-15, ascending, 1-8 em. long, unequal; pedicels 3-12 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit broadly oval to obovate, 8-12 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, granulate-roughened, the wings nearly as broad as the body; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 4 or 5 on the commissure. Type Locality: Logan Valley, Union County, Oregon, Cusick 1655. DISTRIBUTION: Central Oregon to northeastern California (Cusick 2563, Leiberg 2293). 23. Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 215. 1900. Peucedanum utriculatum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 628. 1840. Cogswellia utriculata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia caruifolia var. patens M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:41. 1908. Cogswellia Chandleri M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 13:11. 1910. Lomatium Chandleri F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 53:15. 1918. Lomatium utriculatum var. glabrum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 152. 1924. Lomatium utriculatum var. anthemifolium Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 639. 1936. Plants caulescent, 1-5 dm. high, purplish below, from a long slender taproot, glabrous to pubescent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-16 cm. long, tripinnate, sometimes ternate and then tripinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, 2-25 mm. long, 0.5—3 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1-10 cm. long, wholly sheathing except those of some basal leaves; terminal peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of obovate, entire to cleft bractlets, green with a scarious margin to purplish and subscarious, occasionally prominently nerved, about equaling the flowers; rays 5-13, spreading to ascending, 1-12 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-9 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate to oblong, 5-11 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, puberulent when young, glabrate, the wings thin, usually broader than the body; oil-tubes 1-3 in the dorsal intervals, 1—4 in the lateral, 2-6 on the commissure, or rarely obscure. TYPE LocaLity: “‘Rocky plains, particularly near the confluence of the Wahlamet and Oregon Rivers’’ [mouth of the Willamette River], Oregon, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: British Columbia to southern California, west of the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada (Heller & Brown 5542, Thompson 6041). ILLUSTRATION: Clements, Fl. Coast & Sierra pl. 22, f. 6. 23a. Lomatium utriculatum var. papillatum (Henderson) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 251. 1937. Cogswellia utriculata var. papillata Henderson, Rhodora 33: 204. 1931. Mature fruit roughened with budlike, one-celled to several-celled papillae. Type Loca.ity: ‘South slope of Siskiyou Mountains, in copses near the California line, Jack- son County, Oregon,’’ Henderson 12,614. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality. 24. Lomatium Vaseyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 216. 1900. Peucedanum Vaseyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 144. 1888. Cogswellia caruifolia var. Vaseyi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 41. 1908. Cogswellia Vaseyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 451. 1909. 236 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Plants caulescent, 2.5-3.5 dm. high, from a long thickened taproot, sparsely to densely pubescent with pilase hairs; leaves broadly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-8 cm. long, ternate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong, 3-17 mm. long, 0.5—-1 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1.5—-7 cm. long, those of the cauline leaves partially to wholly sheath- ing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of obovate, scarious-margined bractlets, entire or lobed toward the apex, glabrous or villosulose, about equaling the flowers; rays 10-20, ascending, 2-7.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 3-8 mm. long, the umbellets about 30- flowered; flowers yellow; calyx-teeth prominent, especially in the young fruit; fruit ovate to obovate, 9-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings thin, usually broader than the body, the dorsal ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. Type LOCALITY: San Bernardino Mountains, California, Vasey 231. DISTRIBUTION: Mountain foothills and plains, south-central to southern California (Jones 3172, Parish 4699). 25. Lomatium ciliolatum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 155. 1924. Plants acaulescent, 0.9-1.6 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, hoary-pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong to ovate-deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-7 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, somewhat succulent, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong to ovate, 5-20 mm. long, irregularly pinnatifid, the lobes oblong to ovate, 1-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, obtuse, mucronulate, densely hoary-pubescent throughout or only near the margins; petioles 2-3 em. long, scarious-margined, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 7-14 cm. long; involucel of obovate to lanceolate, sessile or petiolulate, entire, purplish, scarious-mar- gined, prominently veined bractlets, equaling the flowers; rays 7-12 (the fertile 2-5), spreading- ascending, 0.8—4 cm. long, unequal, pubescent to glabrate; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers purple or yellow; fruit oval, 7-9 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings thickish, about 1 mm. broad, much narrower than the body; oil-tubes obscure, 4 or 5 in the intervals, apparently confluent, 2 on the commissure. Oy Poa LOCALITY: ‘‘Soldiers Ridge near South Yollo Bolly,’ California, ca. 7000 feet, Jepson DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of the inner northern Coast Ranges, California, at about 7000 feet (Baker 3525, 9858). 25a. Lomatium ciliolatum var. Hooveri Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 153. 1942. Much more slender throughout, 1.5—3 dm. high, densely scaberulous; leaves 6-13 cm. long, the ultimate divisions or lobes linear, 1-10 mm. long, 1 mm. or less broad; petioles 3-7 cm. long; peduncles 8-25 cm. long; rays 3-14, 3-10 cm. long; pedicels 3-8 mm. long; fruit-wings thin. TypPp Locality: Rocky hillside, 1.9 miles southeast of Napa-Lake county line, on road to Knox- ville, Napa County, California, Mathias 1298. DISTRIBUTION: Inner northern Coast Ranges of California (Hoover 4987). 26. Lomatium Tracyi Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 154. 1942. Plants acaulescent, 1-3.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous to sparsely scaberulous-puberulent; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10 cm. long, ternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to oblong, acute or obtuse, apiculate, 1-7 mm. long, 0.4-2 mm. broad; petioles 2-5 cm. long, scarious, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of oblanceolate to linear, acuminate, often petiolulate, searious-margined bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 4-9, the fertile 1-6, strictly ascending, 0.5-8 cm. long, very unequal, glabrous or scaberulous; pedicels 1-5 mm. long, few fertile, the umbellets 10—15-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-ovate to oval, 6-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, usually acute at base and apex, glabrous, the wings thin, much narrower than the body; oil-tubes obscure. Part 2, 1945] 3 UMBELLIFERAE 237 TYPE LOCALITY: Serpentine gravel flats, especially under yellow pines, 5000 feet, Grouse Moun- tain, Humboldt County, California, Tracy 12,895. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of northwestern California, in Humboldt and Trinity counties, to adjacent Oregon, 1500-6400 feet (Tracy 7610, 8809, 6457). 27. Lomatium marginatum (Benth.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: 223. 1900. Peucedanum marginatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. 1849. Cogswellia marginata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Lomatium alatum var. purpureum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 158. 1924. Lomatium alatum sensu Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 724. 1925. Not L. alatum Coult. & Rose, 1900. Lomatium marginatum var. purpureum Jepson, FI. Calif. 2: 645. 1936. Lomatium caruifolium var. marginatum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 253. 1937. Lomatium caruifolium var. purpureum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 254. 1937. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1.5-6.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, densely scaberulous to glabrate; leaves obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6-21 em. long, 1—3-ternate, or simply ternate, then pinnate or bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, elongate, 5-80 mm. long, 0.5—2.5 mm. long, apiculate; petioles 3-8 (or 13) em. long, usually purplish, wholly sheathing or nearly so; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several, distinct, filiform, rarely lanceolate-acuminate, scarious-margined bractlets, exceeding the flowers, or wanting; rays 3-15, ascending to spreading, 1.5—15 cm. long, unequal, glabrous or scaberulous; pedicels 3-15 mm. long, few fertile, the umbellets many-flowered ; flowers yellow or purple; fruit oval to slightly obovate, 9-12 mm. long, 5—7 mm. broad, gla- brous, the wings thin, narrower than or equaling the body; oil-tubes obscure. Type Loca.ity: ‘In valle Sacramento,” California, Hartweg 1752 (260). DisTRIBUTION: Northern Coast Ranges and western foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, California (Heller 11,769, Stanford 1207). 28. Lomatium caruifolium (H. & A.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 216. 1900. Ferula caruifolia H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1838. Peucedanum caruifolium T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 628. 1840. Peucedanum californicum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 628, as syn. 1840. Not P. cali- fornicum Coult. & Rose, 1888. Cogswellia caruifolia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:34. 1908. Lomatium caruifolium var. solanense Jepson, Madrofio 1: 151. 1924. Lomatium caruifolium var. erythropodum Jepson, FI. Calif. 2: 638. 1936. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1.5—4.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous to pubescent; leaves broadly ovate to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-30 cm. long, 1—3-ternate, or simply ternate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, 2-17 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 4-7 cm. long, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of obovate, sessile or petiolulate, entire or toothed, usually obtuse, green to purplish, scarious-margined, prominently veined bractlets, equaling the flowers; rays 6-15, spreading to ascending, 1-13 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2—8 (or 12) mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; fruit narrowly ovate to obovate, 8-13 mm. long, 4-7 mm. broad, usually obtuse at base and apex, glabrous, the wings thickish, narrower than the body; oil-tubes obscure. Type Locaity: California, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges, from Mendocino County to San Luis Obispo County, California (Baker 426, Jones 3600, Mathias 1163, 1164, 1165). ILLUSTRATIONS: Madrofio 1: 151; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 721. 29. Lomatium humile (Coult. & Rose) Hoover; Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia anomala Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 53. 1888. Not Lomatium anomalum M. E. Jones, 1900. Leplotaenia humilis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 200. 1900. Leptotaenia humilis var. denticulata Jepson, Madrofio 1: 146. 1923. Lomatium caruifolium var. denticulatum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 151. 1924. 238 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Plants acaulescent, 1.5—5.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous or the inflo- rescence slightly scaberulous; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-14 cm. long, ternate, then pinnate or bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, acute or obtuse, apiculate, 2-60 mm. long, 0.5-3 mm. broad; petioles 1-10 em. long, purplish or scarious, sheathing to the middle or throughout; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several orbicular to lanceolate, often petiolulate, scarious or scarious-margined, entire or toothed bractlets, conspicuously purple-veined, longer than the pedicels, usually deciduous in fruit; rays 3-10 (2-5 fertile), spreading to ascending, 1.5—7 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 1-4 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers light yellow (or purple?); fruit oval to orbicular, 6-12 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, glabrous or denticulate on the margins, the wings somewhat thick and corky, narrower than the body; oil-tubes obscure. Type LocaLity: Plains near Chico, Butte County, California, Mrs. C. C. Bruce 2661. DISTRIBUTION: Western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, California, from Tehama County to Tulare County (Hoover 1038, 2257). 30. Lomatium Bradshawii (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia Bradshawii Rose; Mathias, Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 101. 1934. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2-6.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-15 cm. long, ternate, then pinnate or bipinnate, the ultimate divisions filiform to linear, 3-8 mm. long, 0.5—-1 mm. broad; petioles 3-30 cm. long, wholly sheathing or nearly so; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several orbicular, scarious-margined, 1—2-ternate bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 10-25 (2-5 fertile), spreading, 5-13 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-5 mm. long, few fertile, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers light yellow; fruit oblong to oblong-oval, 8-13 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings thick and corky, narrower than the body; oil-tubes obscure. Type Locattty: “In low swales near the High School,’”’ Eugene, Lane County, Oregon, R. V. Bradshaw 2047. DISTRIBUTION: Swales of the Willamette Valley, western Oregon (Constance & Beetle 2783, Constance, Beetle & Detling 2790). 31. Lomatium Peckianum Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 155. 1942. Plants acaulescent, 1-3 dm. high, from a long, very slender taproot, scaberulous to gla- brous; leaves ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-10 cm. long, ternate, then 1—2-ternate, the ultimate divisions remote to confluent, oblong to linear, 1-18 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 2-4 cm. long, about equaling the blade, scarious- margined, wholly sheathing; peduncles arising from a cluster of leaf-sheaths, exceeding the leaves, 6-25 cm. long; involucel wanting, or of a few, inconspicuous, distinct, linear, sub- acuminate, subscarious bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 1-5, ascending, obsolete to 5 cm. long, very unequal; pedicels 2-7 mm. long, the umbellets with 1-7 fertile flowers and a few sterile flowers, one umbellet usually sessile, sterile; flowers not seen; ovaries granulate- roughened; fruit oblong-oval, 2-15 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, granulate-roughened to glabrate, narrowed toward base and apex, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes obscure, several in the intervals, about 6-8 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Dry sterile hillside three miles east of Blye, Klamath County, Oregon, Peck 15,213. DISTRIBUTION: Siskiyou County, California, and adjacent Oregon (Eggleston 7094, Constance & Rollins 2918). 32. Lomatium nevadense (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 220. 1900. Peucedanum nevadense S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 143. 1876. Peucedanum nevadense var. cupulatum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8: 29. 1898. Lomatium nevadense var. cupulatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 221. 1900. Cogswellia nevadensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Cogswellia nevadensis var. cupulata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 239 Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1—-4.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot or a deep-seated tuber, pubescent; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the peti- oles 5—6 cm. long, tripinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, oblong, 2-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 4-6 cm. long, sheathing to above the middle, purplish; pe- duncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, linear and distinct or obovate and connate, scarious-margined bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 8-22, spreading, 1—2.5 em. long, unequal; pedicels 3-10 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers white; fruit ovate to oblong-obovate, 6-8 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, puberulent, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 2—9 in the intervals, 4-12 on the commissure. TYPE LocaALity: ‘Very frequent in western Nevada from the Washoe to the West Humboldt Mountains,” 4500-6000 feet, Watson 469. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah to central Oregon, south to southern Arizona and California, mostly east of the Sierra Nevada (Heller 10,243, Jones 3880). 32a. Lomatium nevadense var. Parishii (Coult. & Rose) Jepson, Madrofio 1:156. 1924. Peucedanum Parishii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888. Lomatium Parishii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 235. 1900. Cogswellia nevadensis var. Parishit M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Cogswellia decipiens M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:38. 1908. Cogswellia Parishii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 450. 1909. Usually higher; leaf-divisions sometimes elongate, up to 35 mm. long; involucel sometimes reduced to a sheath, or a single bractlet; rays usually longer, 1.5—5.5 cm. long; pedicels 3-12 mm. long; ovaries glabrous; fruit 7-10 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, glabrous; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 4-7 on the commissure. Type LOCALITY: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California, Parish 1828. DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Oregon and adjacent Nevada to western New Mexico, Sonora, and southeastern California (Jones 5072f, Purpus 5288). ILLUSTRATION: E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 178. 32b. Lomatium nevadense var. pseudorientale (M. E. Jones) Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 360. 1935. Cogswellia nevadensis var. pseudorientalis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 37. 1908. Lomatium nevadense var. holopterum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 156. 1924. Similar to var. Parishii, but the petioles more prominently scarious-margined; wings broader than the body, the dorsal ribs evident. Type LocaLity: Skull Valley, northwestern Arizona, 4300 feet, Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Arizona to adjacent Nevada and California (Munz, Johnston & Harwood 4236, Purpus 7092a). 33. Lomatium Plummerae Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12232 1900) Peucedanum Plummerae Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 278. 1889. Cogswellia Plummerae M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 2-3.5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves crowded near the base, oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5—10 cm. long, ternate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to oblong, 3-7 mm. long, 0.5—1 mm. broad, apicu- late; petioles 3-6 cm. long, scarious-margined, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of dimidiate, linear-lanceolate, acute bractlets, distinct or connate to above the middle, scarious at least on the margin, prominently nerved, entire or toothed, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays 10—25, ascending, 0.5—7.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 3-8 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow or purplish (white?); fruit oblong to oblong- ovate, usually acute at the apex, 9-13 mm. long, 4-7 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1, rarely 2 or 3, in the intervals, 4-8 on the commissure. TYPE Loca.ity: Sierra Valley, Sierra County, and near Shasta, Shasta County, California, Lemmon & Lemmon 32, 40 DistTRIBUTION: Northern Sierra Nevada, California, and adjacent Nevada (Mathias 1207). 240 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 33a. Lomatium Plummerae var. Sonnei (Coult. & Rose) Jepson, Madrofio 1:157. 1924. Lomatium Sonnei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 236. 1900. Cogswellia Sonnei M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Pubescent; pedicels up to 10 mm. long; fruit glabrous. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Sandy soil among sagebrush,”’ Verdi, Washoe County, Nevada, Sonne. DISTRIBUTION: Western Nevada and adjacent California (Kennedy 1338, Mathias 1215). 33b. Lomatium Plummerae var. Austinae (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 257. 1937. Peucedanum Austinae Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 208. 1888. Lomatium Austinae Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 236. 1900. Cogswellia Austinae M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 35. 1908. Pubescent; fruit ovate, not pointed at the apex, about 8 mm. long, about 5 mm. broad. Typ LOCALITY: Plumas County, California, Austin. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality (Lemmon 23). 34. Lomatium MacDougali Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 233. 1900. Lomatium Jonesii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 233. 1900. Cogswellia MacDougali M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia Jonesii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Lomatium semisepultum M. E. Peck, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 50: 122. 1937. Plants acaulescent, 0.7—-3 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, villous; leaves oblong- ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-15 cm. long, ternate, then tripinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear to ovate, 1-5 mm. long, 0.5—1 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, shorter than the blades, usually wholly sheathing, purplish; peduncles exceed- ing the leaves; involucel of scarious, linear, villous, usually distinct bractlets; rays 2-14, spreading, 0.5-6 cm. long; pedicels 3-10 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow, somewhat purplish-tinged; fruit ovate to suborbicular, 6-11 mm. long, 4~7 mm. broad, pubescent, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1-4 in the intervals, 4-6 on the com- missure. ‘Typ LOCALITY: Mormon Lake, Arizona, 1800 m., MacDougal 84. DISTRIBUTION: Great Basin, from western Wyoming to central Oregon, south to central Arizona (Goodding 13, Jones 5435, Purpus 20). 35. Lomatium juniperinum (M. E. Jones) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Wie SaiNatuberb.7 2355 01900! Peucedanum juniperinum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:29. 1898. Cogswellia juniperina M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1.2—-2.2 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, the stems purplish below, puberulent; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-6 cm. long, 1—2-ternate or quinate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, filiform to linear, 1-4 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. broad, entire, apiculate; petioles 1.5-3 em. long, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of filiform-subulate, scarious bract- lets, about equaling the flowers; rays 8-20 (the fertile 3-8), ascending, 1-5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow, the ovaries glabrous; fruit oblong, 5-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Among junipers,’’ Coalville, Utah, Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Northern Utah and adjacent Idaho and Wyoming (Nelson 3016, Graham 9577). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE . 241 36. Lomatium foeniculaceum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 222. 1900. ? Ferula pubescens Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. No. 36. 1813. (Nomen nudum.) Ferula foeniculacea Nutt. Gen. 1: 183. 1818. Lomatium villosum Raf. Jour. de Phys. 89: 101. 1819. Pastinaca foeniculacea Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 587. 1820. Cogswellia villosa Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 588. 1820. Lomatium pubescens Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 216. 1830. Lomatium athamantoides Raf. Good Book 55. 1840. Peucedanum foeniculaceum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627. 1840. Peucedanum foeniculaceum var. daucifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627, in part. 1840. Peucedanum (?) villoscum Nutt.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 131. 1871. Cogswellia villosa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia foeniculacea Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 449. 1909. Plants acaulescent, 1-5 dm. high, from a long thickened taproot, villous to glabrate; leaves ovate to oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5-13 cm. long, 3—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear, 2-4 mm. long, about 0.5-1 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 3-8 cm. long, sheathing to about the middle, purplish, subscarious; peduncles exceed- ing the leaves; involucel of dimidiate, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, entire or lobed bractlets, connate below, scarious-margined, about equaling the flowers; rays 8-24, spreading to erect, 0.7-12.5 em. long, subequal; pedicels 2-13 mm. long, the umbellets 25—50-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, pubescent, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. Type Locattry: ‘‘On the high plains of the Missouri, commencing about the confluence of the river Jauke”’ [probably the James (Jacques) River, South Dakota], Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Manitoba to northern Oklahoma, western Missouri, western Montana, and Wyoming (Carr 1, Nelson 4835). _ Inwustration: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fi. 2: 516, 517; ed. 2. 2: 632. 37. Lomatium daucifolium (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 221. 1900. Peucedanum foeniculaceum var. daucifolium Nutt.; 'T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627, in part. 1840. Peucedanum daucifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627, assyn. 1840. Cogswellia daucifolia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Peucedanum foeniculaceum sensu later authors. Not P. foeniculaceum Nutt. 1840. Plants acaulescent, 1—4.5 dm. high, from a long, usually swollen taproot, villous-tomentose to glabrate; leaves broadly ovate to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-19 cm. long, ternate, then 3-4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear, 2-8 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, crowded, entire, apiculate; petioles 3-13 cm. long, sheathing below, purplish; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of subdimidiate, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, subscarious bractlets, conspicuously nerved, connate to above the middle, equaling the flowers; rays 12-30, erect to spreading, 1.5—7 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 4-13 mm. long, the umbellets 20—40- flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate-oblong, 6-9 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure, occa- sionally solitary near the base of each wing. Typr Locauiry: ‘On the Platte” [probably in Nebraska], Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Southern South Dakota to Texas (Bush 322, Norton 190). ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 632. 38. Lomatium orientale Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 220. 1900. Peucedanum nudicaule Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627, in large part. 1840; and of all later authors. Not Smyrnium-nudicaule Pursh, 1814. Peucedanum orientale Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud. 1:93. 1905. Cogswellia orientalis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 1-4 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, soft-puberulent; leaves ovate to oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-11 cm. long, tripinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, the uppermost confluent, linear, 1-12 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, apicu- 242 - NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28, late; petioles 2-12 cm. long, sheathing below, those of the cauline leaves wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate to obovate, distinct, scarious- margined bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 6-21, 1.2-5.5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 3-9 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers white; fruit ovate-oblong, 5-10 mm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1—4 in the inter- vals, 2-8 on the commissure, rarely 1 or 2 near the base of the wings. Typr LOCALITY: Plains around Denver, Colorado, Bethel. DISTRIBUTION: Western Minnesota to Montana, south to western Missouri and Colorado (Baker 203, Nelson 7013). ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 631; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 601. 39. Lomatium dasycarpum (‘T. & G.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 218. 1900. Peucedanum dasycarpum 'T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 628. 1840. Peucedanum Pringlei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888. Peucedanum Jaredi Eastw. Zoe 5: 88. 1900. Cogswellia dasycarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia Jaredii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 450. 1909. Lomatium dasycay pum var. decorum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 154. 1924. Lomatium dasycarpum var. medium Jepson, Madrofio 1: 154. 1924. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1-4 dm. high, purplish, especially below, from a long slender taproot, villous-tomentose to glabrate; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-13.5 cm. long, quadripinnate, occasionally ternate, then pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions crowded, not confluent, linear, 1-3 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, entire, obtuse to acute; petioles 2.5-10 cm. long, sheathing to near the middle; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate, acute, sometimes connate bract- lets, about equaling the flowers; rays 10-20, spreading, 1—8.5 cm. long; pedicels 7-20 mm. long, usually longer than the fruit, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers greenish (appearing white because of the pubescent petals) or purplish; fruit orbicular to ovate-oblong, 8-15 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, the body tomentulose to glabrate, the wings sparingly villous to gla- brate, broader than the body; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, occasionally with smaller accessory tubes, 2-4 on the commissure, rarely 1 at the base of each wing. TypE Loca.ity; California, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges, northwestern California to Baja California (Chandler 1445, Heller & Brown 5088a). ILLUSTRATIONS: Madrofio 1: 153; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 722; Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 59. 40. Lomatium mohavense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 234. 1900. Peucedanum mohavense Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 62. 1888. Peucedanum argense M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:30. 1898. Lomatium argense Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 234. 1900. Cogswellia mohavensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia argensis Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 449. 1909. Plants acaulescent, 1-3 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, short-hoary-pubescent; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-9 cm. long, 3—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear, 2-5 mm. long, 0.5-1.5 mm. broad, mucronulate; petioles 2.5—12 cm. long, longer than the blade, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear, acute, sometimes inconspicuously scarious-margined bractlets, shorter than or equal- ing the pedicels; rays 10-16, 1-4.5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 1-10 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers purple, rarely yellow; fruit ovate to orbicular, 4.5—-9 mm. long, 4-9 mm. broad, pubescent, the wings narrower than or equaling the body; oil-tubes 1—4 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Yucca, Mohave Desert, California, Curran. DISTRIBUTION: Deserts, southern California and adjacent Nevada, especially in the Mohave Desert (Parish 4929, Purpus 5352). IiLustRations: Madrofio 1: 155; E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 179. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 243 41. Lomatium tomentosum (Benth.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 219. 1900. Peucedanum tomentosum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. 1849. Cogswellia tomentosa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 2.5-5 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, villous-tomentose throughout; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-11 cm. long, pinnately decompound or ternate, then quadripinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, fili- form, ‘2-6 mm. long, 0.2-0.3 mm. broad, acute, sometimes apiculate; petioles 4-9 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate bractlets, entire or cleft above, distinct or connate below, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays 12-21, spreading, 2.5-8.5 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 5-20 mm. long, shorter than the mature fruit, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers white or purplish; fruit ovate-oblong, 16-22 mm. long, 8-18 mm. broad, tomentulose, the wings about equaling the body, tomentulose; oil-tubes 1-3 in the intervals, 3 on the commissure, usually 1 at the base of each wing. Pe Typr Loca.ity: ‘‘In amnibus exsiccatis fluviorum vallis, Sacramento,” California, Hartweg 257 (1751). DistRIBuTION: Great Valley and the Sierra Nevada foothills and Tehachapi Mountains, Cali- fornia (Heller 11,281, Heller & Brown 5552). 42. Lomatium macrocarpum (H. & A.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 217. 1900. Ferula macrocar pa H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1838. Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627. 1840. Peucedanum macrocar pum var. ? eurycarpum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. Peucedanum eurycarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 61. 1888. Lomatium macrocarpum vat. artemisiarum Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 223. 1902. Lomatium macrocar pum var. semivittatum Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 224. 1902. Lomatium flavum Suksd. Allg. Bot. Zeits. 12:6. 1906. Lomatium artemisiarum Piper, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 423. 1906. Cogswellia macrocarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:33. 1908. Cogswellia artemisiarum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 449. 1909. Cogswellia flava Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 449. 1909. Cogswellia simulans Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 451. 1909. Lomatium macrocar pum var. Douglasii Jepson, Madrofio 1: 153. 1924. Cogswellia macrocarpa var. artemisiarum St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 292. 1937. Plants short-caulescent, 1-5 dm. high, purplish, especially below, from a slender or swollen taproot, densely tomentose to villous, or glabrate; leaves oblong to obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-12 cm. long, ternate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions con- fluent, oblong to linear, 1-7 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, entire, mucronulate; petioles 1.5-7 cm. long, sheathing about to the middle, subscarious; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of dimidiate, linear-lanceolate, acute bractlets, equaling to greatly exceeding the flowers, be- coming reflexed in the mature plant; rays 5-25, spreading, 1—8.5 cm. long; pedicels 1-14 mm. long, spreading, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers white, yellow, or purplish; fruit narrowly oblong, 9-20 mm. long, 2-8 mm. broad, the ovaries and young fruit glabrous to villous, the mature fruit glabrous or glabrate, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1, rarely 2 or 3, in the dorsal intervals, 1-3 in the lateral, sometimes obscure, 2-6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: California, Douglas. DIsrRIBUTION: Manitoba to North Dakota, west to British Columbia, south to central Nevada and California (Jones 3883, Nelson & Nelson 5733). 42a. Lomatium macrocarpum var. ellipticum (T. & G.) Jepson, Madrofio 1: 153. 1924. Peucedanum nudicaule var. ellipticum T. & G. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 2?: 121. 1855. Lomatium ellipticum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 217. 1900. Cogswellia elliptica M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 33. 1908. Pedicels often longer, up to 16 mm. long; fruit oblong-oval, 16-18 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings twice as broad as the body. 244 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, TyPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Round Valley, near the sources of the Sacramento, in the Sierra Nevada,” California, Snyder. DISTRIBUTION: Northern Sierra Nevada, California. 43. Lomatium Congdoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 232. 1900. Cogswellia Congdoni M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 1.8-3.6 dm. high, from a cluster of old leaf-sheaths, from a long taproot; leaves broadly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 6.5—-15 cm. long, ternate to quinate, then 2—3-pinnate, the rachises scaberulent, the ultimate divisions distinct, linear, 3-10 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 2-6 cm. long, white- scarious, wholly sheathing; peduncles exceeding the leaves, purplish especially below; involucel wanting; rays 6-16, ascending, 3-13.5 cm. long; pedicels 6-15 mm. long, the umbellets about 30-flowered; flowers white; fruit oblong to subobovate, 7-10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad, the wings about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes obscure, usually solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. TypE LOCALITY: ‘‘West Water Ditch, Mariposa County,’’ California, Congdon 114. DISTRIBUTION: Central Sierra Nevada foothills, California (Hoover 2448). 44. Lomatium Sandbergii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 230. 1900. Peucedanum Sandbergii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13:79. 1888. Cogswellia Sandbergit M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants caulescent, 7-30 cm. high, from a long slender taproot, rough-puberulent to gla- brate; leaves suborbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 3-7 cm. long, ternate, then tripinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 2-4 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad, entire, apiculate; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long, wholly sheathing, the sheaths with a conspicuous white margin; peduncles 1.5—15 cm. long; involucel of filiform to linear bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 5-14, erect, 1-11.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-7 mm. long, the umbellets many- flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, puberulent, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 4 or 5 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: “Bare mountain tops along snowdrifts, Kootenai County, northern Idaho,” Sandberg 47. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana and northern Idaho (Leiberg 1235, Williams 969). 45. Lomatium Torreyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 229. 1900. Peucedanum Torreyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 276. 1889. Cogswellia Torreyi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants acaulescent or caulescent, 1-2.5 dm. high, from a cluster of dried leaf-sheaths, glabrous to sparingly scaberulous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-15 cm. long, ternate, then tripinnate, the ultimate divisions filiform, 3-8 mm. long, 0.2-1 mm. broad, entire, acute, mucronulate; petioles 2-5 cm. long, sheathing throughout, the sheath with a white scarious margin; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves; involucel wanting; rays 5-9, erect, 1-4 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 1-4 mm. long, the umbellets 10—30-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, narrowed toward the base, 10-16 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. TYPE LOCALITY: Yosemite Valley, Curran 106. OHM Southern Sierra Nevada, California, 6000-11,000 feet (Ferris 8926, Purpus 46. Lomatium Engelmannii Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 268. 219370 Plants acaulescent, 1-3 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, pubescent to glabrate; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5-15 cm. long, ternate or Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 245 quinate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions confluent or distinct, ovate-oblong to linear- lanceolate, 1-15 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 2-10 cm. long, wholly sheath- ing, purplish; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel usually wanting; rays 2-12 (the fertile 1-4), spreading or ascending, 1-10 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 2-12 mm. long, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate-oblong, 9-14 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings one-half the width of the body, the dorsal ribs filiform; oil-tubes 1 or 2 in the inter- vals, 2-6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Scott’s Mountain, Siskiyou County, northern California, 6000-7000 feet, Engelmann. DIstTRIBUTION: High mountains, southwestern Oregon and northwestern California (Heller 13,676, Howell 13,650). 47. Lomatium angustatum (Coult. & Rose) St. John; St. John & Hardin, Mazama 11: 83. 1929. Peucedanum Martindalei var. angustatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1888. Lomatium Martindalei var. angustatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 225. 1900. Cogswellia Martindalei var. angustata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Cogswellia angustata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 449. 1909. Lomatium Hallii of authors. Not Peucedanum Hallii S. Wats. 1876. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5-2 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves broadly oblong-ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 6.5—-15 cm. long, ternate, then 2-3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions confluent and overlapping, ovate, 1-2 mm. long, 1—-1.5 mm. broad, somewhat obtuse, minutely mucronulate; petioles 1.5—3 cm. long, forming a conspicuous scarious sheath; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel wanting; rays 6-16, 0.5—7 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 1-6 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers creamy-white; fruit narrowly oblong, 6-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings very narrow; oil-tubes 1, rarely 2, in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. Typr Locatity: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, Howell. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of western British Columbia, to the Cascade Mountains, Oregon, 3000-9000 feet (Cusick 2687, Thompson 5319). 47a. Lomatium angustatum var. flavum G. N. Jones, Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 5: 202. 1936. Leaves sometimes fleshier; pedicels 8-16 mm. long; flowers lemon-yellow. TYPE LOCALITY: Olympic Mountains, Washington, Piper 897. DISTRIBUTION: Olympic Mountains, Washington, 4500-6500 feet (Thompson 5591, 9445). 48. Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 630. 1840. Leptotaenia dissecta var. foliosa Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 236. 1847. Cynapium ? Bigelovii Torr. Pacif. R. R. Rep. 41:94. 1857. Ferula dissecta A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Ferula dissoluta S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1271: . 1876: Leptotaenia foliosa Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 198. 1900. Plants caulescent, rarely acaulescent, 3-14 dm. high, from a stout thickened root bearing a stout caudex, the foliage puberulent or rarely glabrate, otherwise glabrous; leaves deltoid- orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 15—35 cm. long, ternate, then 2—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, 2-8 mm. long, 1.5—3 mm. broad, puberu- lent beneath, especially on the veins and margins; petioles 5-25 cm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal, short-petiolate with dilated sheaths; peduncles stout, fistulose, the terminal exceeding the leaves; involucre wanting, or of a few scarious, setaceous, or foliaceous bracts; involucel of several linear, entire bractlets, shorter or longer than the flowers; rays numerous, spreading, 3-13 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 1-3 mm. long, shorter than the sterile flowers; flowers purple or yellow; fruit oblong-oval, 12-16 mm. long, 246 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 6-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than the body, very thick and corky; oil-tubes obscure. Typr Loca.ity: “Plains of the Oregon near the confluence of the Wahlamet”’ [Willamette], Oregon, Nuttall. DistTRIBUTION: Northwestern Idaho to western Washington and northern California (Elmer 2764, Heller & Heller 3174). 48a. Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Phellandrium aquaticum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 195. 1814. Not P. aquaticum L,. 1753. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 630. 1840. Ferula multifida A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Leptotaenia Eatoni Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 52. 1888. Leptotaenia multifida var. Eatoni M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:40. 1908. Leptotaenia dissecta var. multifida Jepson, Madrofio 1: 145. 1923. Leaf-divisions 2-22 mm. long, 0.5-2 mm. broad; petioles 3-30 cm. long; pedicels 4-20 mm. long, exceeding the sterile flowers. . Type Loca.ity: ‘Plains of the Oregon [Columbia River] east of Wallawallah [Walla Walla, Washington] and in the Blue Mountains,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta to Colorado, west to British Columbia, Arizona, and southern Cali- fornia (Heller & Heller 3138, Payson & Payson 2613). ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 198 (fr.); Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. FI. pl. 35, f. 20 (fr.); Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ. 286: 34. 49. Lomatium columbianum Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Herslaepurdusca S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Not Lomatium purpureum A. Nelson, 1 5 Leplotaenia purpurea Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 52. 1888. Plants acaulescent, 3-5 dm. high, from a stout thickened root bearing a caudex clothed with purplish, broadly dilated, bladeless sheaths, glabrous; leaves crowded, deltoid-orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-20 cm. long, ternate, then 2—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, apiculate, 3-20 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad; petioles 10-20 cm. long, obscurely sheathing at the base; peduncles stout, fistulose, exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear to lanceolate, acute bractlets, shorter than the flowers; rays 6-10, spreading, 3-20 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 15—25 mm. long, the umbellets 15—20-flowered; flowers purple; fruit oblong-oval, 16-24 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings thick and corky, much narrower than the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. Type Locatity: ‘‘On rocky hillsides near the lower Columbia River, in Klickitat County, Washington,” Suksdorf 281. DISTRIBUTION: Columbia River gorge and vicinity, Oregon and Washington (Brandegee 319, Thompson 4055). 50. Lomatium Grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 7: 229. 1900. Bowe donsen millefolium S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 129. 1871. Not P. millefoliwm Sonder 1861- 1862. Peucedanum Grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888. Peucedanum Grayi var. aberrans M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 10:55. 1902. Leplotaenia filicina M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 10: 56. 1902. Cogswellia millefolia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Cogswellia Grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 450. 1909. Lomatium millefolium F, Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 53:15. 1918. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2-6.1 dm. high, from a long thickened taproot; leaves broadly obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 10.5—26 em. long, glabrous to scaberulous, 1—2-ternate or quinate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear to filiform, 1-11 mm. long, 0.1—-0.25 mm. broad, entire, mucronulate; petioles 3.5—22 cm. long, sheathing at the base; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of filiform, entire, occasionally toothed bractlets, usually shorter than the flowers, rarely deciduous; rays 7-22, spreading, 2-15 cm. long; pedicels 6-22 mm. long, the umbellets 15-30-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 247 ovate-oblong to oblong, 7-16 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, the wings much narrower than to equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, rarely 2 or 3, especially in the lateral, 2-4, rarely 6, on the commissure. TypE Locauity: Antelope Island, Salt Lake, Utah, Watson 406. DISTRIBUTION: Western Wyoming and Colorado to eastern Washington and Oregon and north- eastern Nevada, 750-8400 feet (Heller & Heller 3043, Jones 5548). 50a. Lomatium Grayi var. depauperatum (M. E. Jones) Mathias, . Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 270. 1937. Cogswellia millefolia var. depauperata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 38. 1908. Usually lower; leaves dissected into few, small, remote, linear ultimate divisions. TYPE LOCALITY: Dugway, Utah, Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah and adjacent Nevada (Cottam 4533, Jones 25,253). 51. Lomatium salmoniflorum (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Peucedanum salmoniflorum Coult. & Rose; Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895. Leptotaenia salmoniflora Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 201. 1900. Plants caulescent, 2-5 dm. high, from a stout thickened root, glabrous; leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3.5 dm. long, ternate, then 2—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions filiform to linear, 1-7 mm. long, 0.5—1 mm. broad; petioles 5—15 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal, short-petiolate with dilated sheaths; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few filiform bractlets, shorter than the flowers, or wanting; rays 4-13, spreading, 1-6 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 2-14 mm. long, the umbellets 10—20- flowered; flowers salmon-yellow; fruit oblong-oval, 10-14 mm. long, 5—6 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than and homochromous with the body, slightly corky-thickened; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: ‘On basaltic rocks near upper ferry, Clearwater River above Lewiston, Nez Perce County,” Idaho, Sandberg 24. DISTRIBUTION: Drainage system of the Snake River in northwestern Idaho and adjacent Wash- ington and Oregon (Heller & Heller 3060, Piper 2781, 2782). 52. Lomatium minus (Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia minor Rose; Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 1: 251. 1898. Cusickia minor M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 40. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5-3 dm. high, from stout thickened roots bearing a caudex clothed with a few scarious, dilated, bladeless sheaths, glabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 5-12 cm. long, ternate, then 2—4-pinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to filiform, 1-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad; petioles 4-5 cm. long, broadly sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, short-petiolate, the sheaths conspicuous; peduncles stout and somewhat inflated, exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear, acute, scarious bract- lets, shorter than the flowers; rays 6—9, stout, spreading, 2-6 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 4-14 mm. long, the umbellets about 10-flowered; flowers light purple; fruit oblong-oval, 12-16 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than and homochromous with the body, slightly corky-thickened; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 3 or 4 on the commissure. Type LocaLity: Near Rock Creek, Morrow County, ‘‘John Day Country,” Oregon, Leiberg 98. DISTRIBUTION: Central to southeastern peor KGusick 2373). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: pl. 8 53. Lomatium tuberosum Hoover, Leafl. W. Bot. 4:39. 1944. Plants short-caulescent, 1—2.5 dm. high, from a tuberous horizontal or vertical root bear- ing leaf-sheaths which are neither fibrous nor persistent, glabrous and glaucous; leaves cuneate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-8 cm. long, ternate, then 3—4-pinnate, the ultimate 248 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, divisions linear, herbaceous, 3-6 mm. long; petioles 7-12 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaf solitary or wanting, reduced or bladeless; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of few, inconspicuous, narrowly linear bractlets; rays 5—8, divergent, 2-8 cm. long; pedicels 7-14 mm. long, the umbellets 8—12-flowered; flowers purple, the anthers yellow; fruit oblong- oval, 9-11 mm. long, 4.5—6.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings less than 1 mm. broad, fleshy. aoe LOCALITY: “Hills south of White Swan,” Yakima County, Washington, R. F. Hoover DistRwuTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality (Hoover 5603). 54. Lomatium cuspidatum Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia Watsoni Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 52. 1888. Not Peucedanum Watsoni Coult. & Rose, 1888. Plants acaulescent or short-caulescent, 2-6 dm. high, from a stout thickened root bearing a caudex clothed with dilated bladeless sheaths, glabrous; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-30 cm. long, ternate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions ovate to lanceolate, rigid, cuspidate, 1-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; petioles 2-10 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves like the basal, short-petiolate with broad sheaths; pe- duncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear-lanceolate to filiform, acuminate, scarious bractlets, shorter than the flowers; rays 5-12, spreading, 3-10 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 8-28 mm. long, the umbellets about 10-flowered; flowers purple, the anthers purple; fruit narrowly oblong-oval, 9-13 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than and homochromous with the body, slightly corky-thickened; oil-tubes usually 3 in the intervals, several on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘In the Wenatchee Region, Kittitas County, Washington,” Brandegee 801. DISTRIBUTION: Wenatchee region of Central Washington (Sandberg & Leiberg 808, Thompson 9311). 55. Lomatium serpentinum (M. E. Jones) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. GardeZ53271.) 193i Cogswellia serpentina M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 42. 1908. Cogswellia fragrans St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 290. 1937. Plants acaulescent, 2.5-3 dm. high, from a thick and woody root with a multicipital caudex, essentially glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the blades 8.5—15 (30?) cm. long, 1-2-ternate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, lanceolate to oblanceo- late, 2-5 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, entire, apiculate, minutely papillose above; petioles 2-6 cm. long, partially to wholly sheathing with scarious-winged margins; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear-lanceolate, finely puberulent bractlets, up to 5 mm. long; rays 10-17, spreading to ascending, 1.5—7 cm. long, unequal, glabrate; pedicels 3-15 mm. long, the um- bellets many-flowered; flowers bright yellow; fruit oblong, 6-8 (10?) mm. long, 3-4 (5?) mm. broad, glabrous, the wings from one-half of to equaling the width of the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Type LocaLity: “Rocky banks of the Snake River near the mouth of McDougal Creek,” Oregon, Cusick 3532c. DISTRIBUTION: Snake River Canyon, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon (Constance, Rollins & Dillon 1559, 1591). 56. Lomatium Donnellii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 231. 1900. Peucedanum Donnellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1888. Cogswellia Donnellii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 34. 1908. Plants acaulescent or caulescent with the development of a pseudoscape, 1.3-3.3 dm. high, from a long, rather stout taproot, glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-10.5 cm. long, ternate, then 2-3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions con- fluent, linear, 1-7 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, entire, acute, apiculate; petioles 1-9 cm, long, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 249 sheathing below, sometimes wholly so; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of filiform to linear-lanceolate bractlets, equaling the flowers; rays 8-30, spreading to suberect, 1—9 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 3-15 mm. long, the umbellets about 20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate to ovate-oblong, 5-9 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 3-6 in the intervals, 4-6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: John Day Valley, Oregon, Howell 829. DisTRIBUTION: Northern Idaho to northern Utah, west to central Washington and Oregon (Cusick 1587, 2615). 57. Lomatium Nelsonianum F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 53: See LOS: Plants short-caulescent, 2.5—4 dm. high; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles up to 2.5 (?) dm. long, ternately to ternate-pinnately decompound, the ultimate divisions linear or filiform (?), about 3 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. broad, glabrous or sparingly hispid (?); petioles 2.5—-5 cm. long, sheathing at the base; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of filiform, sparingly hispid bractlets, up to one-half the length of the pedicels; rays 8-15, ascending, 2.5-7 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 8-16 mm. long, minutely pubescent to glabrate, spreading, the umbellets 15—20-flowered; flowers yellow (?); fruit oblong-oval, 7—9 mm. long, 4-6.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings slightly narrower than the body; oil-tubes 3 in the intervals, 6 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Dry rocky hillside near Mule Creek, Curry County, Oregon,’”’ J. C. Nelson 1419 (in part). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type collection (which is apparently a mix- ture of this and of L. dissectum) (Leach 3419). 58. Lomatium minimum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: Dione NOS Cogswellia minima Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 497. 1932. Plants acaulescent, 1-3.5 cm. high, glabrous or scabrous-puberulent; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 0.5—2.5 cm. long, simply pinnate with 4-6 pairs of acute, distinct, entire or once-lobed leaflets, 2-10 mm. long, I-1.5 mm. broad; petioles 1-6 mm. long, wholly sheathing; peduncles equaling or slightly exceeding the leaves; involucel of several subdimidiate, distinct, narrow, acute, foliaceous, scarious-margined bractlets, shorter than or equaling the flowers; rays few, 3-12 mm. long, unequal; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 4-7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings well developed, about equaling the body; oil-tubes more or less obsolete. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Near the hotel, dry slopes bordering Bryce Canyon,” Utah, 8600 feet, Mathias i DISTRIBUTION: Bryce Canyon and the Panguitch Plateau, southwestern Utah (Mathias 734). 59. Lomatium oreganum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900. Peucedanum oreganum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 64. 1888. Cogswellia oregana M. ¥. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants very low, acaulescent, 0.25-0.6 dm. high, from a multicipital woody caudex, villosulose throughout; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1-3 cm. long, bipinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, oblong, 2-3 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, apicu- late; petioles 0.5—-2 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear, acute bractlets, not scarious-margined, longer than the flowers; umbels greatly reduced, with one fertile umbellet (the fertile rays 1-5 mm. long) and 2 or 3 sessile sterile umbellets; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, about 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, villosulose, the wings much narrower than the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4on the commissure. ~* ene LocaLity: “Alpine rocks, Blue and Eagle Creek [Wallowa] Mountains, Oregon,’’ Cusick DIstTRIBUTION: High mountains of northeastern Oregon (Cusick 2247). 250 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 60. Lomatium Greenmanii Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 274. 1937. Plants low, caulescent, 0.5—0.8 dm. high, from a multicipital woody caudex; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—2.5 cm. long, 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions oblong, distinct, 5-10 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, apiculate, the margins slightly roughened; petioles 1.5-3 cm. long, purplish, sheathing below; cauline leaf 1, much reduced, pinnate; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few, filiform, white-scarious bractlets, about equaling the pedicels; umbels reduced to 1-3 fertile umbellets, the rays 1.5-2 mm. long, and 1 or 2 sessile sterile umbellets; pedicels about 1 mm. long, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers white; fruit ovate, 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than the body, the dorsal ribs filiform; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. ‘TYPE LocaALIty: Wallowa Mountains, head of Keystone Creek, Oregon, 9000 feet, Cusick 2458. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 61. Lomatium Eastwoodae (Coult. & Rose) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:35. 1918. Cynomarathrum Eastwoodae Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 247. 1900. Cogswellia Eastwoodae M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1-1.5 dm. high, from a subwoody caudex covered with old leaf- sheaths; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—-7 cm. long, scaberulous, 1—2-pinnate, with 5—7 remote pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets, 2-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, crowded, apiculate; petioles 1.5—-4.5 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few, linear, entire bractlets, much shorter than the pedicels; rays 4-6, ascending, 1-3 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 6-17 mm. long, ascending, the umbellets 2—15-flowered; flowers yellow (?); fruit oblong, 8-10 mm. long, about 6 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings equaling or broader than the body; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissure. Typk Locatity: Grand Junction, Colorado, Eastwood. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality (Bethel 24). ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 244 (fr.). 62. Lomatium scabrum (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard: 25: 275. 1937. Cynomarathrum scabrum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 247. 1900. Cogswellia scabra M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1—3.5 dm. high, from a subwoody caudex covered with old leaf-sheaths; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5.5-10 cm. long, sparsely to densely scaberulous, 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions crowded, linear, 2-4 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 3-10 cm. long, sheathing below, glabrous to scaberulous; peduncles exceeding the leaves, sparsely scaberulous to glabrate, especially above; involucel of linear, setaceous, distinct or shortly connate bractlets, shorter than or equaling the flowers; rays 7-14, ascending, 1.5-4 cm. long, glabrous; pedicels 5 (2?)-9 mm. long, ascending, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-ovate, 7-9 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings one-half the width of the body or less; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 4-10 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Frisco, Utah, 2400 m., Jones 1864. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Utah (Goodding 799, Jones 5125). 63. Lomatium concinnum (Osterhout) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 276. 1937. Cogswellia concinna Osterhout, Muhlenbergia 8: 44. 1912. Plants short-caulescent, 1.2—2.5 dm. high, purplish below, from a long slender taproot, glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-7 cm. long, bipinnate with Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 251 the lower leaflets sometimes pinnately lobed, the ultimate divisions distinct, linear, 2-11 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, rounded at the apex, sometimes apiculate; petioles 1.5-5.5 cm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of conspicuous, dimidiate, folia- ceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute bractlets, entire or rarely lobed toward the apex, usually many- nerved, connate below, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays 8-13 (the fertile 5—6), spreading, 2.5—4 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit ovate, 5-8 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad, the wings less than one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 4 or 5 in the intervals, about 10 on the commissure. TyPk LocALity: Paeonia, Delta County, Colorado, Osterhout 4515. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Colorado (Baker 22, Purpus 587). 64. Lomatium Parryi (S. Wats.) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: Cove LOLS: Peucedanum macrocarpum sensu Parry, Am. Nat. 9: 272. 1875. Not P. macrocarpum Nutt. 1840. Peucedanum Parryi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 143. 1876. Peucedanum scopulorum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:31. 1898. Cynomarathrum Parryi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 246. 1900. Cogswellia Parryi M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Cogswellia Cottami M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 16:36. 1930. Plants acaulescent, 2-4 dm. high, from a long somewhat stout taproot, glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-20 cm. long, 2-3-pinnate, the lowermost leaflets more divided than the upper, the ultimate divisions linear, 2~9 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, entire, cuspidate; petioles 6—-10.5 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles clustered from the old sheaths, equaling or exceeding the leaves; involucel of several, linear, acute, subscarious, sometimes cleft bractlets, equaling or exceeding the flowers; rays about 15, suberect, 2-4.5 em. long, subequal; pedicels 10-17 mm. long, the umbellets about 10-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 9-12 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the wings equaling or somewhat broader than the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 4 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Utah, Parry 85 (in part). DISTRIBUTION: Mountains, southeastern Utah to eastern California (Goodding 629, Jones 5149s). ILLUSTRATION: E. Jaeger, Des. Wild Fl. 178. 65. Lomatium Nuttallii (A. Gray) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: Si, UOC Seseli Nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 287, in part. 1870. Cynomarathrum saxatile Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 287, as syn. 1870. AE ld graveolens S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 128. 1871. Not P. graveolens Benth. & Hook. Peucedanum Kingii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 474. 1887. Cynomarathrum Nuttallii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 245. 1900. Cogswellia Nuttallii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Plants acaulescent, 1.5—4.2 dm. high, from a multicipital, subwoody caudex covered with old leaf-sheaths, glabrous; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5.5-13 cm. long, 1—2-pinnate or ternate- or quinate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, 10-50 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, entire, cuspidate; petioles 3-15 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles stout, usually greatly exceeding the leaves; involucel of distinct or shortly connate, linear, acute to acuminate bractlets, entire or once-lobed near the base, longer than or equaling the flowers, sometimes reflexed; rays 5-16, erect to suberect, 1.5-4.3 em. long; pedicels 3-7 mm. long, suberect, the umbellets 15—20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, 9-13 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, the wings about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-10 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘Rocky Mountains,” Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Wyoming to eastern Nevada, south to northwestern New Mexico; one collection from Nebraska. (Payson & Payson 2707, 4887.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 633; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 602. 252 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 65a. Lomatium Nuttallii var. alpinum (S. Wats.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 279. 1937. Peucedanum graveolens var. alpinum S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 129. 1871. Peucedanum Kingii var. alpinum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 71. 1888. Cynomarathrum alpinum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 245. 1900. Cogswellia Nuttallit var. alpina M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. Lomatium alpinum F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 35. 1918. Usually lower, up to 3 dm. high; leaves usually less divided; rays 3-6; pedicels 4-10 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, Watson 464. DISTRIBUTION: Western Utah and adjacent Nevada (Purpus 6282). 66. Lomatium Hallii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900. Peucedanum nudicaule A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. Not Smyrnium nudicaule Pursh, 1814. Peucedanum Hallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876. Peucedanum microcarpum Howell; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 65. 1888. Lomatium Leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900. Lomatium microcarpum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 230. 1900. Cogswellia Hallii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Cogswellia microcarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:35. 1908. Cogswellia Leibergii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 35. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 2-3.5 dm. high, glabrous except for an occasional slight scaberu- lence in the inflorescence; leaves oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 4.5-10 cm. long, tripinnate, the ultimate divisions (except the uppermost) distinct, linear or oblong, 2—4 mim. long, less than 1 mm. broad, entire, apiculate; petioles 3-6 cm. long, sheathing to about the middle, purplish, scarious-margined; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of linear- lanceolate, acuminate bractlets, equaling the flowers; rays 9-17, spreading, 1.3—-5 cm. long, unequal, glabrous or scaberulous below; pedicels 4-7 mm. long, glabrous or scaberulous, the umbellets about 30-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 5-7 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad, the wings about one-half the width of the body; oil-tubes 2 or 3 in the intervals, 5 on the commissure. Typk Locality: Oregon, probably Silver Creek, Marion County, Hall 211. DISTRIBUTION: Western slope of the Cascade Mountains, Oregon (Thompson 10,174, Constance, Henderson & Rollins 1471). 67. Lomatium Martindalei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. ; Wi225. 6 1900: Peucedanum Martindalei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 142. 1888. Cogswellia Martindalei M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:34. 1908. Plants short-caulescent, 1.5—2.5 dm. high, purplish, from a long, thickened taproot; leaves oblong to ovate-oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2.5—5 cm. long, 1—2-pinnate, minutely roughened to glabrous on the margins and veins beneath, the leaflets oblong to cuneate, 5-10 mm. long, 2-7 mm. broad, pinnately lobed to serrate above; petioles 2.5-5 em. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of a few filiform bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 4-7, suberect, 1-5.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels (the fertile 2-3) 7-10 mm. long, the umbellets 10—20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 13-16 mm. long, 7-8 mm. broad, the wings about equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: Rocky places, Cascade Mountains, Oregon, Howell. DisTRIBUTION: Cascade Mountains and southwestern Coast Ranges, Oregon (Heller 13,462, Thompson 12,280). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 253 68. Lomatium latilobum (Rydb.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 281. 1937. Cynomarathrum latilobum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 73. 1913. Plants acaulescent, 0.8—1.8 dm. high, from a semiwoody deep-seated root with a multi- cipital caudex, broadly cespitose, the branches several, clothed with old leaf-sheaths, glabrous; leaves several from each crown, erect, oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 2-8 cm. long, pinnate or rarely bipinnate, the leaflets lanceolate, sessile, in 3-5 pairs 3-30 mm. apart, 5-28 mm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, entire, acute, mucronulate; petioles 2-10.5 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles equaling or exceeding the leaves; involucel of dimidiate, linear to lanceolate, acute, prominently nerved bractlets, distinct or connate below, usually ex- ceeding the pedicels, sometimes reflexed; rays 4-10 (the fertile 2-5), spreading, 0.5-1.2 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 1-4 mm. long, the umbellets few-flowered; flowers yellow (?); fruit oblong, 7-12 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings narrower than or equaling the body; oil- tubes 1 or 2 in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Proposed dam site, near Wilson Mesa, Grand County, Utah,” Rydberg & Garrett 8371. DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Utah (Purpus 7150). 69. Lomatium megarrhizum (A. Nelson) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25; 282. 1937. arose tenuifolium sensu Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 237. 1847. Not M. tenuifolium Nutt. Peucedanum megarrhiza A. Nelson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 130. 1899. Cynomarathrum megarrhizum Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 629, 1064. 1917. Plants acaulescent, 1-3 dm. high, clustered from a broad, semiwoody, deep-seated root, the caudex multicipital, broadly cespitose, the branches numerous, crowded, thickly clothed with old leaf-sheaths, glabrous; leaves few to several from each crown, rigidly erect, linear- oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 5.5-9.5 cm. long, pinnate, the leaflets in 2-5 remote pairs, 11-25 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, entire and narrowly linear and cuspidate to irregularly and remotely pinnatifid, the lobes few, linear, 1-10 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, cuspidate; petioles 4.5-8 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles equaling or shortly exceeding the leaves; involucel of subdimidiate, linear, acute to short-acuminate bractlets, connate below, longer than the pedicels; rays 10-11, spreading to reflexed, 0.8-2.3 cm. long, subequal; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, spreading to reflexed, the umbellets about 20-flowered ; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 5-8 mm. long, 2.5—3 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes about 3 in the intervals, 6-10 on the commissure. Type Locatity: Point of Rocks, Wyoming, A. Nelson 4769. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Wyoming (Nelson 7080, Payson & Payson 2596). 70. Lomatium simplex (Nutt.) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 34. 1918. Peucedanum triternatum* var. ? platycarpum Torr. in Stansb. Expl. Utah 389. 1852. Peucedanum simplex Nutt.; S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 129. 1871. Lomatium platycar pum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 226, in part. 1900. Cogswellia platycarpa M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Cogswellia simplex M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15: 41. 1910. Plants caulescent or acaulescent, 2-6 dm. high, clustered from a long slender taproot, the stems usually simple, few-leaved, densely puberulent; leaves obovate in general outline, ex- cluding the petioles 11-20 cm. long, biternate, the ultimate divisions linear, acute, 25-115 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, glabrous above, glabrous to densely puberulent below; petioles 6-14 cm. long, sheathing to near the middle, glabrous to puberulent; involucel of linear or filiform, acute to acuminate, glabrous or puberulent bractlets, shorter than the pedicels; rays 8-17, spreading to ascending, 1.5-5.8 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 1-9 mm. long, the umbellets 10—30-flowered ; * “citernatum,”’ an orthographic error. 254 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, flowers yellow; fruit broadly oblong to suborbicular, 7-14 mm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings broader than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: “Rocky Mountains,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Western Montana to central Washington, south to southwestern Colorado, Utah, and central Oregon (Macbride 1722, Payson & Payson 48066). ILLUSTRATIONS: Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bot. 26: pl. 22; Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild FI. 335. 70a. Lomatium simplex var. leptophyllum (Hook.) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 283. 1937. Peucedanum triternatum var. leptophyllum Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 235. 1847. Cogswellia leptophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 74. 1913. Ovaries and young fruit puberulent. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Crevices of Trappe masses, on the slopes of the high plains of Kooskooskee [Clearwater] River,” Idaho, Geyer 505. DistTRIBUTION: Alberta, western Montana, and Wyoming to British Columbia and eastern Oregon (Blankinship 705, Payson & Payson 4454). 71. Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 7: 227. 1900. Seseli triternatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 197. 1814. Eulophus triternatus Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phila. 7:27. 1834. Peucedanum triternatum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum Nuttallii Walp. Rep. 2: 411. 1843. Not Seseli Nuttallii A. Gray, 1870. Cogswellia triternata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. Cogswellia triternata f. lancifolia St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 293. 1937. Plants caulescent or acaulescent, 1.7—8 dm. high, from a long, slender, taproot, puberulent to glabrate; leaves broadly obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-15 cm. long, ternate or quinate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions few, linear to linear-lanceolate, 15-126 mm. long, 0.5-7 (rarely 10) mm. broad, entire, acute; petioles 7-20 cm. long, purplish below, sheathing to about the middle; cauline leaves 1 or 2, smaller, the petioles wholly sheath- ing; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several filiform bractlets, about equaling the pedicels; rays 10-20, spreading to suberect, 1.2—5.5 em. long, unequal; pedicels 3-5 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow, the ovaries glabrous; fruit oblong, 9-13 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Type LOCALITY: ‘‘On the waters of Columbia River”’ [probably on the Clearwater River near the mouth of Potlatch Creek, Idaho], Lewis. , DIstRIBUTION: Alberta and western Montana and Wyoming to western Washington and north- ern California (Elmer 846, Macbride & Payson 3587). 71a. Lomatium triternatum var. anomalum (M. E. Jones) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 285. 1937. Lomatium anomalum M. E. Jones; Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 237. 1900. ? Lomatium giganteum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7: 240. 1900. Cogswellia anomala M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. ? Cogswellia gigantea M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. ? Lomatium nudicaule var. puberulum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 159. 1924. ? Peucedanum nudicaule var. puberulum A. Gray; Jepson, Madrofio 1: 159, assyn. 1924. Plants caulescent; leaf-divisions ovate-lanceolate to narrowly obovate, 15-65 mm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, acute, entire or the uppermost rarely 3-toothed to deeply lobed; rays 10-22, 1.5-8 cm. long, puberulent to glabrate; pedicels 2-8 mm. long; ovaries glabrous; fruit 13-22 mm. long, 8-16 mm. broad, glabrous. TyPE LocALIty: ‘‘Rocky gumbo soil, slopes of Indian Valley, Washington County, Idaho,” 1200 meters, Jones. 3 DISTRIBUTION: Western Idaho to Oregon and northwestern California (?) (Constance, Beetle & Ownbey 2730, 2737, Heller & Heller 3132, Leiberg 1128). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 255 71b. Lomatium triternatum var. macrocarpum (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 286. 1937. Peucedanum triternatum var. macrocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 70. 1888. Peucedanum triternatum var. alatum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 70. 1888. Peucedanum triternatum var. robustius Coult. & Rose; Holz. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895. Lomatium robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 228. 1900. Lomatium alatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 228. 1900. Cogswellia triternata var. robustior M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Cogswellia triternata var. alata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Cogswellia robustior Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 451. 1909. Cogswellia alata Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 448. 1909. Lomatium trilernatum var. alatum Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 287. 1937. Leaves 12-22 cm. long, ternate or quinate, then biternate to bipinnate, the ultimate divisions linear to ovate-lanceolate, 15-145 mm. long, 1-11 mm. broad, entire; involucel of several bractlets, equaling the pedicels, or conspicuously shorter, or obsolete; rays 5-18, 0.6— 10.5 em. long, unequal; pedicels 2.5—9 mm. long; ovaries puberulent; fruit oblong, 8-20 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, the wings much narrower than to equaling the body. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Low grounds, W. Klickitat County, Washington,” Suksdorf 502. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta to British Columbia, south to northwestern Nevada and northern Cali- fornia (Cusick 2700, Macbride 107). 71c. Lomatium triternatum var. brevifolium (Coult. & Rose) Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 286. 1937. Peucedanum triternatum var. brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 70. 1888. Lomatium brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 232. 1900. Cogswellia brevifolia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. Plants caulescent, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, densely soft-puberulent; leaves quinately decom- pound, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, pinnate, 3-22 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad; rays 9-11; pedicels 1-4 mm. long; fruit linear-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, densely puberulent. TYPE Locality: Klickitat County, Washington, Howell 379. DIsTRIBUTION: Columbia River Valley, Washington and adjacent Oregon (Howell 1368, Thomp- son 8176). 72. Lomatium Cusickii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 226. 1900. Peucedanum Cusickiit S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Cogswellia Cusickii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Cogswellia brecciarum M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:37. 1908. Cogswellia altensis M. E. Jones, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol. 15: 41. 1910. Cynomarathrum brecciarum Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 630, 1064. 1917. Plants caulescent, 1—-2.2 dm. high, cespitose, from a long, slender, fusiform taproot; leaves obovate to elliptic in general outline, excluding the petioles 3.5-12 cm. long, glabrous to slightly scaberulous, ternately compound, the leaflets few, filiform to linear, 6-75 mm. long, 0.5—2 mm. broad, apiculate; petioles 1-9 cm. long, sheathing, purplish; peduncles exceeding the leaves, glabrous; involucel of filiform to linear-acuminate, scarious-margined bractlets, about equaling the flowers; rays 5-12, 1-3.5 em. long, unequal; pedicels 2-6 mm. long, the umbellets about 10-flowered; flowers white or purplish; fruit oblong, 11-13 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings about equaling the body; oil-tubes I—3 in the intervals, 5 on the commissure. Type Loca.ity: “On the highest summits of the Eagle Creek [Wallowa] Mountains, Union County, Oregon,”’ Cusick. DisTRIBUTION: Mountains, western Montana to northeastern Oregon, 6000-9300 feet (Cusick 3335, Piper 2333). 256 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 288, 73. Lomatium idahoense Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 70: 58. 1942. Plants caulescent or short-caulescent, 2-4 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, the stems slender, few-leaved, glabrous; leaves obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 4-12 cm. long, ternate-pinnate or partially biternate, the ultimate divisions narrowly linear to oblong, acute or obtuse, 1-10 cm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, glabrous; petioles 1.5-12 cm. long, narrowly sheathing in the lower one-third or two-thirds, glabrous; involucel wanting; rays 3-7, ascending, 2-8 ecm. long, unequal, slender; pedicels filiform, 5-15 mm. long, the umbellets 7-20-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit narrowly oblong, acute at the apex, 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings much narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the inter- vals, 2 on the commissure. Type: ‘Gravelly granitic hillside along Beaver Creek, near Marsh Creek, 25 miles N.W. of Stanley, Custer County, Idaho,’’ 6400 feet, Cronquist 2856. DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of the Salmon River drainage, Idaho (R. J. Davis 3060, 3113). 74. Lomatium laevigatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb? 72225. 1900. Peucedanum laevigatum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627. 1840. Cogswellia laevigata M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12: 32. 1908. Plants caulescent, 2.5-3.7 dm. high, tufted at the base, glabrous; leaves ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 7-12 cm. long, ternate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions distinct, linear, 5-35 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute, minutely apiculate; petioles 0.5-1.5 dm. long, sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel usually wanting; rays 9-20, ascending, 0.7—4.5 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 4-10 mm. long, the umbellets 10—30-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 6-10 mm. long, 4-6 mm. broad, the wings slightly narrower than or equaling the body; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. TyPE LOCALITY: Blue Mountains, Oregon, Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Columbia River Valley, Washington and Oregon (Howell,1505, Thompson 6388).° 75. Lomatium Suksdorfii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 239, in part. 1900. Peucedanum Suksdorfii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885. Cogswellia Suksdorfii M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. ; Plants caulescent, 9-21 dm. high, the stems from a cluster of old leaf-sheaths, glabrous; leaves obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles about 20 cm. long, quinate, biquinate, or biternate, then 1—2-pinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear, acute, 10-30 mm. long, 1-4 mm. broad; petioles 14-15 cm. long, sheathing below; cauline leaves similar or with a wholly sheathing petiole; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear, acuminate, subscarious bractlets, about equaling the flowers, deciduous in the mature plant; rays 13-25, spreading, 3-11 cm. long, unequal; pedicels 6-17 mm. long, the umbellets many-flowered; fruit linear-oblong, 15-32 mm. long, 7~8 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1, rarely 3 or 4, in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. TYPE Loca.ity: “On dry rocky mountain sides, W. Klickitat County, Washington,”’ Suksdorf. DISTRIBUTION: Klickitat County, Washington (Suksdorf 503). 75a. Lomatium Suksdorfii var. Thompsonii Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 25: 289. 1937. Foliage and stems finely and sparingly pubescent; leaves biternate, rarely quinate, then bipinnate, the ultimate divisions short, 8-16 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad; bractlets filiform, longer than the flowers; ovaries and young fruit puberulent; fruit 24-28 mm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, glabrate. TYPE LOCALITY: Peshastin, Okanogan County, Washington, 340 meters, Sandberg & Leiberg 489. DISTRIBUTION: Wenatchee region, north-central Washington (Constance & Beetle 2757, Thomp- son 5989, 9000). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 257 76. Lomatium Brandegei (Coult. & Rose) F. Macbr. Contr. Gray Herbyis62398" 1918: Peucedanum Brandegei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 210. 1888. Cynomarathrum Brandegei Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 246. 1900. Cogswellia Brandegei M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:32. 1908. Plants caulescent, 1.5—6 dm. high, from an elongate taproot, the stems alternately few- branched, glabrous; leaves mostly basal from a cluster of dried sheaths, obovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-20 cm. long, ternate, then 2—3-pinnate, the ultimate divisions remote, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10-40 mm. long, 1.5—-8 mm. broad, acute, mucronate, the margins glabrous to granulate-roughened; petioles 1.5—-14 cm. long, shortly sheathing below; peduncles exceeding the leaves; involucel of several linear, acute, subscarious bractlets, longer than the pedicels; rays 10-21, spreading, sometimes reflexed, 0.4~4.3 cm. long, sub- equal; pedicels 0.5—5 mm. long, the umbellets 10—25-flowered, the fertile flowers 1-5; flowers yellow; fruit linear-oblong, 9-12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad, usually reflexed, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes 1-4 (usually 3) in the intervals, 6 or 7 on the commissure. TYPE LocALIty: ‘‘Walla Walla region,’’ Washington, Brandegee 799. DISTRIBUTION: Wenatchee region, north-central Washington (Thompson 7728, 9310). 77. Lomatium californicum (Nutt.) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 69: 246. 1942. Leptotaenia ? californica Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 630. 1840. Not Peucedanum californicum Nutt. 1840, nor Coult. & Rose, 1888. Ferula californica A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Leptotaenia californica var. platycarpa Jepson, Erythea 1:8. 1893. Leptotaenia californica var. dilatata Jepson, Erythea 1:63. 1893. Plants caulescent, 3-12 dm. high, from stout thickened roots, the stem arising from a cluster of fibrous sheaths, glabrous and glaucous; leaves ovate to deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-30 cm. long, ternate or biternate, or ternate-pinnate, the ultimate divisions cuneate to obovate, thickish, usually 3-cleft and coarsely toothed or lobed, 20-50 mm. long, the teeth or lobes usually obtuse; petioles 5-25 cm. long, sheathing at the base; cauline leaves few, like the basal, short-petiolate with dilated sheaths; peduncles exceeding the leaves, 1.5-3 dm. high; involucre wanting, or of 1 or 2 narrow bracts; involucel of a few, linear, scarious bractlets, about equaling the flowers, or wanting; rays numerous, spreading, 3-8 cm. long, usually subequal, often dilated at the base to form a prominent disc; pedicels 4-12 mm. long, often dilated at the base into a disc, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong-oval, 10-15 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad, glabrous, the wings thin to thick and corky, narrower than the body; oil-tubes 3 or 4 in the intervals, 6-10 on the commissure, or obscure. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Santa Barbara, Upper California,’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Coast Ranges, southern Oregon to southern California (Elmer 4347, Purpus 5092). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 718. 78. Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900. Smyrnium nudicaule Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 196. 1814. Ferula nudicaulis Nutt. Gen. 1: 183. 1818. Pastinaca nudicaulis Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 587. 1820. Ferula Nuttallii DC. Prodr. 4: 174. 1830. Seseli leiocarpum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 263. 1832. Peucedanum latifolium Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 625. 1840. Not P. latifolium DC. 1830. Peucedanum leiocarpum Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum leiocarpum var. campestre Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum nudicaule Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 627. 1840. Not P. nudicaule of later authors, Peucedanum Nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King’s Expl. 128. 1871. Not Seseli Nuttallii A. Gray, 1870. Peucedanum robustum Jepson, Erythea 1:9. 1893. Lomatium platyphyllum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900. Cogswellia nudicaulis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. Cogswellia latifolia M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:31. 1908. Cogswellia platyphylla Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 450. 1909. 258 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, Plants acaulescent, rarely with 1 cauline leaf, 2.5-7 dm. high, from a long thickened tap- root, glabrous; leaves broadly ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 9-18 cm. long, 1—2-ternate, then pinnate, the ultimate divisions distinct, lanceolate to broadly ovate, entire or toothed and lobed at the apex, 15-90 mm. long, 5-40 mm. broad; petioles 4-25 cm. long, sheathing to above the middle; peduncles exceeding the leaves, swollen at the apex; involucel wanting; rays 10-20, ascending, 1-20 cm. long, somewhat swollen at the apex; pedicels 3-15 mim. long, the umbellets many-flowered; flowers yellow; fruit oblong, 10-14 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, the wings narrower than the body; oil-tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals, 1—several in the lateral, 4-7 on the commissure. ‘Type Locatity: ‘On the Columbia River [Rock Fort Camp, at The Dalles],’’ Oregon, Lewis. DISTRIBUTION: Alberta and Idaho to British Columbia, south to western Utah and central California (Elmer 475, Heller 10,834). ILLustRations: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 516; Clements & Clements, Rocky Mt. Fl. fl. 35, f22: (fr.) ; Madrofio 1: 159; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 725. 88. POLYTAENIA DC. Coll. Mém. 5:53. 1829. Phaiosperma Raf. Herb. Raf. 77. 1833. Pachiloma Raf. New Fl. 4: 33. 1838. Pleiotaenia Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 447. 1909. Phanerotaenia St. John, Rhodora 21: 181. 1919. Stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, puberulent perennials, from subfusiform taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, bipinnate or ternate-pinnate with large, crenate to incised or lobed leaflets. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral, longer than the blades.: Involucre wanting. Involucel of several linear to filiform, entire, puberulent bractlets, shorter than the flowers. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending, puberulent. Pedicels spreading-ascending, puberulent. Flowers yellow; petals oblong to oblong-oval with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth ovate, acute or acuminate; styles slender, spreading, the stylopodium lacking. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit broadly oval to orbicular or obovate, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform to obscure, the lateral corky-winged; oil-tubes distinct or indistinct, solitary or several in the intervals, 2-several on the commissure and scattered throughout the pericarp; seed strongly flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. ‘Type species, Polytaenia Nuttallii DC. Fruit 5-11 mm. long, 4-7 mm. broad; lateral wings narrower and thicker than the body; oil-tubes indistinct, several in the intervals. 1. P. Nuttallii. Fruit 9-11 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad; lateral wings broader and thinner than the body; oil-tubes distinct, solitary in the intervals. 2. P. texana,. 1. Polytaenia Nuttallii DC. Coll. Mém. 5:54. 1829. Tordylium americanum Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4: 198, assyn. 1830. Phaiosperma trifida Raf. Herb. Raf. 77, 1833. Polytemia trifida Raf. Herb. Raf. 77, as syn. 1833. Phaiosperma verticillata Raf. Herb. Raf. 77. 1833. Polytemia verticillata Raf. Herb. Raf. 77, as syn. 1833. Ferula Drummondii H. & A.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 47. 1835. Phaiosperma pulverulenta Raf. New Fl. 4: 32. 1838. Pachiloma verticillata Raf. New Fl. 4: 33. 1838. Pachiloma Nutali Raf. New FI. 4: 33. 1838. Zosima (as ‘‘ Zozimia’’) Nuttallii D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 973. 1840. Pleiotenia Nuttallii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 448. 1909. Plants 5-10 dm. high, puberulent especially in the inflorescence; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 10-18 cm. long, 8-15 cm. broad, bipinnate or ternate- pinnate, the leaflets ovate to oblong, 2—3.5 em. long, 1-2.5 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, sessile, distinct or the terminal confluent; petioles 4-13 cm. long; upper cauline leaves ternate with conspicuously dilated sheaths; peduncles 2-10 cm. long; bractlets 2-5 mm. long; rays 10-20, 1-4 or 6 cm. long, subequal to unequal; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; fruit 5-11 mm. long, 4-7 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs filiform to obscure, the lateral narrowly corky-winged, the wings narrower and thicker than the body; oil-tubes indis- tinct, several in the intervals and on the commissure. ParT 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 259 TYPE LOCALITY: “ Territoire de l’Arkansa,”’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Wisconsin and Michigan to Kentucky and Louisiana, west to Nebraska and Texas (Bush 159, Demaree 17,610, Mathias 1398, 1400). InLusTRATIONS: DC. Coll. Mém. 5: pl. 13; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 2, f. 25, 26 (fr.); Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 191 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 515; ed. 2. 2: 633. 2. Polytaenia texana (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Bull. Torrey Club 68: 123. 1941. Polytaenia Nuttallii var. texana Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 192. 1900. Pleiotaenia Nuttallii var. texana Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 448. 1909. Phanerotaenia texana St. John, Rhodora 21: 182. 1919. Plants 5-8 dm. high; leaves ovate or oblong in general outline, excluding the petioles 8-13 cm. long, 8-10 cm. broad, ternate-pinnate, the leaflets broadly ovate to oblong, 2-4 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, sessile, distinct or confluent; petioles 8-10 cm. long; upper cauline leaves ternate with broadly cuneate divisions and sheath- ing petioles; peduncles 1-5 cm. long; bractlets 2-5 mm. long; rays 10-15, subequal, 1—-2.5 cm. long; pedicels 2-6 mm. long; fruit 9-11 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad, the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly corky-winged, the wings broader but thinner than the body; oil-tubes distinct, solitary in the intervals and 2 on the commissure. Typr LocaLity: Near Industry, Texas, Wurzlow. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Texas (Cory 20,267, Heller 1669). 89. IMPERATORIA L. Sp. Pl. 259. 1753. Stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, branching, glabrous or pubescent perennials. Leaves ternately divided or 2-pinnate, the divisions broad, petiolulate, serrate and lobed, often 3- parted. Petiolessheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel of several narrow entire bractlets. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spreading-ascending. Flowers white; petals obo- vate with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth obsolete; styles slender, spreading, the stylo- podium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oval to orbicular, emarginate at apex and base, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly thin- winged; oil-tubes small, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane. Type species, Imperatoria Ostruthium L. 1. Imperatoria Ostruthium L. Sp. Pl. 259. 1753. Selinum Imperatoria Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 3:42. 1767. Selinum Ostruthium Wallr. Annus Bot. 41. 1815. Peucedanum Ostruthium Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 12:95. 1825. Peucedanum Imperatoria Endl. Med. Pfl. 395. 1842. Stout, glabrous to puberulent, 3-15 dm. high; basal leaves deltoid in general outline, excluding the petioles 1.5—-3 dm. long, ternate, the leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate to orbicular, 5-30 cm. long, 4-35 cm. broad, usually 3-parted and sharply serrate and incised; petioles 3-6 dm. long; cauline leaves reduced, with dilated sheaths; peduncles 1-2 dm. long; involucre wanting, or of | or 2 lanceolate bracts; involucel of a few filiform, setaceous, deciduous bract- lets, 2-8 mm. long; rays numerous, unequal, 2—4.5 cm. long; pedicels numerous, 3-10 mm.; fruit 4-5 mm. long. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Ad radices Alpium Helvetiae, Austriae,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Central Europe; adventive in Newfoundland, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1964; Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. as 2, f. 430; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 71 (veg.); Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 174; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 6. 90. PASTINACA L. Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. Pastinacha Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 132. 1769. Tall, stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, glabrous to pubescent biennials or perennials, usually from taproots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, pinnately compound, the leaflets 260 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, broad, serrate to pinnatifid. Petioles sheathing. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and lateral. Involucre usually wanting. Involucel usually wanting. Rays rather few, spreading-ascending. Pedicels slender, spreading-ascending. Flowers yellow or red; petals oval with a narrower inflexed apex; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; styles short, spreading, the stylopodium depressed-conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit oval to obovate, strongly flattened dorsally, glabrous; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly thin- winged and nerved near the outer margins; oil-tubes large, solitary in the intervals, 2-4 on the commissure, extending the full length of the mericarp and not visible from the dorsal surface; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells in the dorsal ribs and near the outer wing-margins. Type species, Pastinaca sativa 1,. 1. Pastinaca sativa L. Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. Anethum Pastinaca Wibel, Prim. Pl. Werth. 195. 1799. Peucedanum Pastinaca Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 96, 188. 1879. Plants 3-10 dm. high; leaves oblong to ovate in general outline, excluding the petioles 15—25 em. long, 10-15 cm. broad, cordate, the leaflets oblong to ovate, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5—-8 em. broad, coarsely serrate and lobed or divided, puberulent or glabrate; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; cauline leaves with conspicuously dilated sheaths; peduncles stout, 7-15 cm. long; rays 15-25, unequal, 2-10 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; petals yellow; fruit 5-6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad. ‘TYPE Loca.ity: “In Europae australioris ruderatis et pascuis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Europe; widely naturalized in the United States and Canada; West Indies. ILLUSTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 431; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1982; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 7: 96 (fr.); Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 180; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 514; ed. 2. 2: 634; Madrofio 1: 160. 91. HERACLEUM L. Sp. Pl. 249. 1753. Sphondylium Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Tall, stout, erect, herbaceous, caulescent, pubescent biennials or perennials, from taproots or fascicled fibrous roots. Leaves petiolate, membranaceous, ternately or pinnately com- pound, the leaflets broad, serrate to variously cleft and lobed. Petioles sheathing and usually conspicuously dilated. Inflorescence of loose compound umbels; peduncles terminal and axillary. Involucre wanting or of a few deciduous bracts. Involucel of numerous narrow, entire bractlets, or rarely wanting. Rays numerous, spreading-ascending. Pedicels spread- ing-ascending. Flowers white, or rarely yellow, or tinged with green or red; calyx-teeth minute or obsolete; petals oval to obcordate with a narrower inflexed apex, the outer radiant and often 2-cleft; styles short, erect or recurved, the stylopodium conic. Carpophore 2-cleft to the base. Fruit orbicular to obovate or elliptic, strongly flattened dorsally, usually pubes- cent; dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral broadly thin-winged and nerved near the outer margin of the wings; oil-tubes large, visible from the dorsal surface, solitary in the intervals, 2—4 on the commissure, extending only part-way from the stylopodium to the base of the mericarp; seed flattened dorsally in cross section, the face plane; strengthening cells continuous about the seed cavity and under the ribs. Type species, Heracleum Sphondylium L. Basal leaves pinnately lobed or compound; plants short-pubescent to glabrate. 1. H. Sphondylium. Basal leaves ternately compound; plants more or less tomentose. 2. H. lanatum. 1. Heracleum Sphondylium L. Sp. Pl. 249. 1753. Sphondylium vulgare S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 520. 1821. Selinum Sphondylium E. H. 1. Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 12: 136. 1904. Plants 0.6—-2 m. high, short-pubescent to glabrate; leaves ovate to orbicular in general outline, excluding the petioles 16-20 cm. long, 18-25 cm. broad, pinnately lobed or compound, the leaflets ovate to orbicular, 10-15 cm. long, 8-15 cm. broad, cordate, serrate to incised or lobed; petioles 2-6 dm. long, the upper cauline leaves with conspicuously dilated sheaths; Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 261 peduncles 5-20 cm. long, short-pubescent but villous below the umbels; involucre of 1-6 de- ciduous, lanceolate or linear bracts, 2-5 mm. long; involucel of 1-6 linear-acuminate bractlets, or wanting; rays 10-30, unequal, 3-8 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; petals white to greenish- yellow, obovate; fruit orbicular to obovate, 5-11 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, pubescent to glabrate. TYPE Locality: “In Europae nemoralis,”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia; adventive in Nova Scotia and at New York City and Seattle. ILLusTRATIONS: Benth. Handb. Brit. Fl. ed. 2, f. 432; Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1969, 1970; Karst. Fl. Deuts. ed. 2. 2: 414; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 183; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5: f. 2545; pl. 203, f. 1-1b. 2. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Heracleam maximum Bartr. Trav. 344. 1791. (Nomen illegitimum.) Heracleum Douglasii DC. Prodr. 4: 193. 1830. Sphondylium lanatum Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 157. 1894. Pastinaca lanata K.-Pol. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. II. 29: 113. 1916. Plants 1-3 m. high, tomentose; leaves orbicular to reniform in general outline, excluding the petioles 20-50 cm. long, 25-50 cm. broad, ternately compound, the leaflets ovate to orbicu- lar, 15-40 em. long, 10-35 cm. broad, cordate, coarsely serrate and variously lobed; petioles 1—4 dm. long, the upper cauline leaves with conspicuously dilated sheaths; peduncles 5—20 cm. long, tomentose but densely villous below the umbels; involucre of 5-10 deciduous, lanceolate- acuminate bracts, 5-20 mm. long; involucel of bractlets similar to the bracts; rays 15-30, unequal, 5—10 cm. long; pedicels 8-20 mm. long; petals white, obovate; fruit obovate to ob- cordate, 8-12 mm. long, 6-9 mm. broad, somewhat pubescent. TYPE Locaity: ‘‘Canada,” Michaux. DIsTRIBUTION: Newfoundland and Labrador to Georgia, west to Alaska, California, and Ari- zona; Siberia aud the Kurile Islands. (Elmer 5073, Payson & Payson 2299.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Miller & Whiting, Wild Fl. 212; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 248 (fr.); Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 635; Georgia, Man. Weeds 306; Madrofio 1: 144; Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 717, f. 702; Rydb. Fl. Pr, & Pl. 603; Sharples, Alaska Wild FI. 63. 92, ERYNGIUM L. Sp. Pl. 232. 1753. Eringium Neck. Delic. 138. 1768. Strebanthus Raf. Bull. Bot. Sioa ae 1830. Streblanthus Raf. Atl. Jour. 149. 1832 Lessonia Bert.; H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 352, assyn. 1833. Klonion Raf. New FI. 4: 35, as subgenus. 1838. Reilia Steud. Syn. Cyp. 311. 1855. Creeping to erect, herbaceous, caulescent or acaulescent, usually glabrous biennials or perennials, from stout taproots or rootstocks bearing fibrous roots. Leaves coriaceous or membranaceous, entire or pinnately or palmately lobed to divided, often ciliate to spinose, the venation parallel or reticulate. Petioles sheathing, sometimes septate. Inflorescence capi- tate, the heads solitary, or in cymes or racemes. Involucre of one or more series of entire or lobed bracts subtending the head. Involucel of entire or lobed bractlets subtending the flowers. Flowers white to purple, sessile; petals ovate to oblong with variously inflexed and lobed to fimbriate tips; sepals ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, entire or rarely spinescent; styles shorter than to exceeding the sepals, the stylopodium lacking; carpophore absent. Fruit globose to obovoid, scarcely flattened laterally, variously covered with scales or tubercles; ribs obsolete; commissure broad; oil-tubes mostly 5, inconspicuous. Seed subterete in cross section, the face plane or slightly concave. Type species, Eryngium foetidum L. Leaves parallel-veined; plants with a monocotyledonous habit. Plants procumbent, stoloniferous; leaves fistulose, fascicled. 1. E. pilularioides. Plants erect, not stoloniferous; leaves neither fistulose nor fascicled. Bracts much shorter than the heads. Key 1. Bracts equaling or exceeding the heads. Key 2. Leaves reticulate-veined; plants not monocotyledonoid. Heads with a more or less conspicuous coma. Key 3. Heads without a definite coma. Stems very slender; peduncles axillary, filiform; heads few-flowered. Bracts shorter than the heads; bractlets exceeding the fruit; fruit 1 mm. in diameter. 39. E. Baldwini. 262 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Bracts equaling the heads; bractlets shorter than the fruit; fruit 2 mm. in diameter. Stems stouter; peduncles terminal or axillary in the branches of the inflorescence, not filiform; heads many-flowered. Bracts chartaceous, greenish or bluish beneath, silvery-white, yellowish, amethystine, or conspicuously glaucous above. Bracts herbaceous or coriaceous, greenish above and below, never bicolored. Heads pale blue to conspicuously amethystine. Heads greenish, never blue. Key 1. Heads cylindric, more than twice as long as broad. Bracts 1-1.5 mm. long; heads 3-4 mm. broad. Bracts about 5 mm. long; heads 6-8 mm. broad. Heads globose to oblong-ovoid, usually about as long as broad. Basal leaves distichous. Basal leaves not distichous. Bracts in one series, not imbricated. Basal leaves entire, obsoletely spinulose-dentate, setose-ciliate, or spinulose-serrate, neither lobed nor with strong spines. Leaves narrow, 3—7 mm. broad, setose-ciliate; heads small, globose-ovoid, 5-8 mm. in diameter. Leaves broader, 5-30 mm. broad; heads larger, subglobose to ovoid-cylindric, 8-30 mm. long, 8-25 mm. broad. Leaves entire or nearly so; heads ovoid or ovoid-oblong, about twice as long as broad. Leaves weakly spinose-ciliate, bristly, or spinulose-den- tate; heads subglobose to ovoid-cylindric, about as long as broad. Petals oval to obovate, about 1 mm. long; fruit tur- binate, 2-4 mm. long; Mexico. Heads greenish, 10-15 mm. long; fruit 2-3 mm. long, the calycine scales lanceolate. Leaves broadly linear, 1-2 cm. broad, the sheaths 6-12 cm. long; bractlets usually glabrous; sepals 1 mm. long. Leaves narrowly linear, 0.5—-1.5 cm. broad, the sheaths 2-6 cm. long; bractlets usually densely puberulent; sepals 1.5—2 mm. long. Heads deep blue, 20-30 mm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long, the calycine scales obsolete. Petals oblong, 1.5 mm. long; fruit oblong, 4-8 mm. long; United States. Leaves 10-30 mm. broad, the setae usually soli- tary; bracts ovate-lanceolate. Leaves 5-10 mm. broad, the setae 2—4; bracts linear-lanceolate. Basal leaves coarsely spinose-lobed. Inflorescence spreading; heads numerous. Plants slender; leaves 1.5—3.5 dm. long, the sheaths 2—4 em. long; heads greenish, 15-22 mm. long. Plants stout; leaves 3-8 dm. long, the sheaths 4-12 cm. long; heads purple, 8-15 mm. long. Inflorescence compact or with a few short branches; heads few. Plants slender; leaves coriaceous; heads 1.5—2 cm. long. Plants stout; leaves herbaceous; heads 2—4 cm. long. Bracts in 2 or more series, imbricated. Cauline leaves recurved; bracts biseriate; heads ovoid, 1—2.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, pedunculate. Cauline leaves ascending; bracts multiseriate; heads ovoid- cylindric, 2-6 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, nearly sessile. Key 2. Basal leaves distichous. Spines 5-15 mm. long, weak; bracts 5-30 mm. long; heads globose or globose-ovoid; sepals obtuse, glabrous. Spines 10-32 mm. long, stout; bracts 25-50 mm. long; heads hemi- spheric; sepals acute, puberulent. Basal leaves not distichous. Leaves spinulose-ciliate; United States. [VoLUME 288, 40. E. prostratum. 9a. 11. 14. 122 13. 19. 20. 9a. . EB. E. . ebracteatum. . Boissieuanum. . globosum. . Pringlei. . sparganophyllum. . longifolium. . gramineum. . montanum. yuccifolium. yuccifolium var. synchaetum. Bb E. bot E. . Hemsleyanum. . crassisquamosum, . Pur pusit. . columnare. . monocephalum. . proteaeflorum. globosum. Palmeri. yuccifolium var. synchaetum, Parr 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Leaves spinose-serrate to coarsely spinose-lobed; Mexico and Central America. Bracts in 2 or more series, imbricated. Cauline leaves recurved; bracts biseriate; heads ovoid, 1—2.5 cm. long, 1—1.5 cm. broad, pedunculate. Cauline leaves ascending; bracts multiseriate; heads ovoid- cylindric, 2-6 em. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, nearly sessile. Bracts in one series, not imbricated. Inflorescence simple or sparingly branched with 1— 5 heads. Leaves with small proximate lobes, 2-5 mm. long, without axillary spines; bracts entire or with 1 or 2 lateral spines at the base. Leaves with large remote lobes, 4-17 mm. long, and axillary spines; bracts conspicuously spinose-dentate toward the base. Inflorescence divaricately or widely cymosely branched with numerous heads. Heads hemispheric or globose, about as long as broad. Plants 6-8 dm. high; sepals acute; fruit 2—2.5 mm. long. Plants 10-15 dm. high; sepals obtuse; fruit 3-4 mm. long. Heads ovoid to ovoid-oblong, longer than broad. Leaf-lobes long, equaling to much exceeding the width of the blade; upper branches of the inflorescence not whorled. Heads greenish, small, 8-15 mm. long. Heads blue or purple, larger, 15-25 mm. long. Sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate, 4-12 em. long; bracts 1-2 cm. long; fruit 2-3 mm. long. Sheaths about equaling the blades, plane, 2—5 cm. long; bracts 2-5 cm. long; fruit 3-4 mm. long. Leaf-lobes Stentor mostly shorter than the width of the blade; upper branches of the inflorescence whorled. Key 3. Heads small, 2 cm. or less long; bractlets entire. Petioles fistulose, septate. Inflorescence successively cymosely trifurcate; coma of a single entire or lobed bractlet. Stems weakly erect or ascending; cauline leaves with weak herbaceous, elongate divisions; coma filiform, entire or shal- lowly parted. Stems strictly erect; cauline leaves with rigid pungent divisions; coma stout, rigid, deeply parted. Inflorescence few-branched; coma of 3—5 subequal bractlets, entire or remotely spinulose-serrate. Petioles neither fistulose nor septate. Bracts chartaceous, green or blue beneath, silvery-white or yellow- ish-white above. Plants low, usually prostrate, short-caulescent or acaulescent; cauline leaves few or none; bractlets short, 2-3 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals. Plants mostly taller, erect or spreading, caulescent; cauline leaves several to many; bractlets longer, 3-5 mm. long; styles longer than the sepals. Bracts trifurcate to pinnatifid, usually shorter than the heads; heads cylindric. Bracts entire or with few spinose teeth, usually exceeding the heads; heads ovoid to ovoid-cylindric. Plants slender, biennial from a fascicle of fibrous roots; basal leaves setose-serrate to subpinnatifid; heads ovoid-cylindric; bracts 8-15 mm. long; coma 2-6 mm. long. Plants stout, perennial from a stout taproot; basal leaves deeply spinose-serrate to bipinnatisect; heads ovoid; bracts 12-25 mm. long; coma 5-15 mm. long. Bracts herbaceous or coriaceous, green above and below or scarcely whitish above. Inflorescence cymosely branched with few short branches; heads few; lower cauline leaves with a pair of small laciniate seg- ments at the base. Inflorescence divaricately trifurcate, usually with the lateral branches forming elongate monochasia; lower cauline leaves entire or shallowly lobed. Heads globose-ovoid, about as long as broad; bracts whitish toward the base above; fruit densely covered with fleshy, papillose, setiform scales. 19. 20. 10. 13: 16. 17. ll. 14, 15: 21. 26. 25. Wile 28. 33. 34. 263 E. monocephalum. E. proteaeflorum. E. montanum. E. columnare. E. cymosum. E. guatemalense. E. Hemsleyanum. E. crassisquamosum. E. pectinatum. E. Deppeanum. . E. fluitans. . E. madrense. . E. phyteumae. E. carlinae. E. comosum. E. Beecheyanum. E. heterophyllum. E. Hookeri. E, spiculosum. 264 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Heads cylindric or ovoid-cylindric, about twice as long as broad; bracts green above; fruit-scales flattened or utriculose, not setiform. Stems several, branching from the base; leaves coarsely dentate to runcinate-pinnatifid; bracts rigid, 8-20 mm. long, about equaling the heads; bractlets 4-9 mm. long, exceeding the fruit. Stems mostly solitary; leaves crenate to finely spinulose- serrate; bracts foliaceous, 10-40 mm. long, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets 2-3 mm. long, about equaling the fruit. Heads large, 2-3.5 cm. long; bractlets spinescent with 3-7 prominent teeth. Key 4. Upper cauline leaves and leaves subtending the inflorescence variously incised or parted. Basal leaves setose-serrate or setose-dentate to bipinnatisect; dorsal surface of the fruit densely papillose or more or less utriculose. Plants low, short-caulescent or acaulescent; styles shorter than the sepals. Plants taller, caulescent; bractlets exceeding the flowers and fruit; styles longer than the sepals. Stems leafy below the inflorescence; inflorescence paniculately cymose-branched; bracts linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, yellowish-white above. Plants slender, biennial, from a fascicle of fibrous roots; basal leaves setose-serrate to subpinnatifid; bracts 8-15 mm. long; heads ovoid-cylindric; coma 2—6 mm. long. Plants stout, perennial, from a stout taproot; basal leaves deeply spinose-serrate to bipinnatisect; bracts 12-25 mm. long; heads ovoid; coma 5—15 mm. long. Stems few-leaved below the inflorescence; inflorescence spar- ingly cymose-branched or successively trifurcate; bracts mostly broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, white or sil- very above. Plants 3-8 dm. high; basal leaves coriaceous, 5—20 cm. long; bracts 15-30 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, with 2 or 3 pairs of teeth; heads ovoid, 10-15 mm. long; sepals 2-3 mm. long. Plants 1.5-2.5 dm. high; basal leaves thin, 5-8 cm. long; bracts 10-15 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, with 3-6 pairs of teeth; heads globose, 5-7 mm. long; sepals about 1 mm. long. Basal leaves crenate or crenate-serrate; dorsal scales of the fruit few or none. Upper cauline leaves and leaves subtending the inflorescence entire, crenate, spinulose-serrate, or spinulose-ciliate, neither incised nor parted. Leaf-margins spinose-ciliate, the cilia 2-5 mm. long; plants subscapose. Leaf-margins entire, crenate, or serrate, never ciliate; plants with sev- eral cauline leaves. Leaves callous-margined, cuneate to cordate or rounded at the base; fruit with few scales. Sepals ovate; bracts 15-30 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, spinose- serrate with 2 or 3 pairs of teeth. Sepals lanceolate; bracts 4-15 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, entire or obsoletely spinulose. Leaves obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex; bracts exceed- ing the heads. Plants short-caulescent or acaulescent; basal leaves cune- ate at the base, 1-3.5 cm. long; heads ovoid. Plants caulescent; basal leaves deeply cordate or rounded at the base, 3-8 cm. long; heads globose. Leaves acuminate at the apex; bracts shorter than the heads. Leaves not callous-margined, deeply caudate at the base; fruit densely covered with scales. Key 5. Plants more or less fleshy, glaucous or bluish throughout; basal leaves suborbicular-reniform; sepals 5 mm. long; fruit 8-15 mm. long. Plants neither fleshy nor glaucous; basal leaves oval to oblanceolate; sepals mostly shorter; fruit 1-4 mm. long. Basal leaves with short non-septate paiioles ‘shorter than or equaling the blades. Bracts and bractlets not callous-margined. 35. 38. 26. 27. 28. P32). 30. 47. 42. 29. 43. 50. [VoLuME 28B, E. nasturtiifolium, E. foetidum. . E, Leavenworthit. E. carlinae, E. Beecheyanum. E. heterophyllum, E. Lemmoni. E. calaster. E. scaposum,. E. Rosei. E. Lemmoni. E. ranunculoides. . E. gracile. 45. . E. Ghiesbreghtii. E. Galeottii. E. maritimum. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE Bracts shorter than the heads; Mexico. Bracts lenges than the heads; southern United States or intro- uced. Bractlets all entire; leaves not cordate. Plants diffusely branched; basal leaves deeply palmately parted, sessile or nearly so. Plants erect; basal leaves serrate or dentate, petiolate. Bractlets, at least the lower, tricuspidate; leaves often cordate. Basal leaves entire to shallowly crenate; bractlets all tricuspidate. . Basal leaves crenate to spinulose-serrate; lower bractlets tricuspidate, the upper entire. Bracts and bractlets callous-margined; coastal California. Basal leaves with elongate septate petioles greatly exceeding the small lanceolate to ovate blades. Key 6. Heads narrowly cylindric, about twice as long as broad; bracts herba- ceous. Stems prostrate or ascending; basal leaves pinnate or pinnately lobed; bracts shorter than the heads. Stems erect; basal leaves crenate to finely spinulose-serrate; bracts greatly exceeding the heads. Heads globose to ovoid, about as long as broad; bracts coriaceous. Cauline leaves 3—5-palmately lobed or parted; scales dimorphic. Cauline leaves entire, variously serrate to pinnatifid; scales mono- morphic. Basal leaves bladeless or with petioles elongate, usually septate, much longer than the small blades. Stems solitary, erect, sparingly branched, with few leaves; leaf- blades obtuse; Florida. Stems usually several, diffuse, prostrate or decumbent, rarely erect, freely branching, with many leaves; leaf-blades acute to acuminate; western United States. Bracts obscurely callous-margined, about twice as long as the heads; styles shorter than the sepals; western Oregon and Washington. Bracts not callous-margined, usually less than twice as long as the heads; styles equaling or exceeding the sepals; California. Bractlets usually scarious-winged at the base; scales of the fruit subequal. Leaf-blades 3-15 cm. long, 10-30 mm. broad; inflo- rescence cymose; bracts spinose-ciliate; bractlets densely spinose to entire. Leaf-blades 2—5 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad; inflores- cence falsely racemose; bracts with several lateral spines near the base; bractlets entire. Bractlets usually scarious-lobed at the base; scales of the fruit unequal. Basal leaves with petioles shorter, usually not septate, shorter than to only slightly exceeding the blades. Leaves deltoid, pinnately or ternately divided, the divisions broadly decurrent on the rachis; plants stout, fleshy, often glaucescent. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, entire to pinnatifid, the divisions not broadly decurrent on the rachis; plants mostly slender, neither fleshy nor conspicuously glau- cescent. Leaves definitely callous-margined. Bracts and bractlets tricuspidate; southeastern United States. Basal leaves narrowly ovate to obovate, pinnately parted; bracts 5-12 mm. long. Basal leaves cuneate, spinose-dentate; bracts 3-4 mm. long. Bracts and bractlets entire or spinose, not tricuspidate. Basal leaves pinnatifid to the midrib; bracts 10-30 mm. long, greatly exceeding the heads; California. Basal leaves coarsely spinulose-serrate or dentate to subpinnatifid; bracts 5-10 mm. long, shorter than the heads; Mexico. 48. 32. 33. 54. 49. 58. 57. 37. 38. ale 53a. 60. 61. 62. 63. Sl. 59. 56. 59. 52. 265 E. Bonplandi. . diffusum. . Hookeri. thy thy . integrifolium. . planum. - aymalum. fh mh ty . articulatum. E. divaricatum. E. foetidum. E. Cervantesii. E. aquaticum var. floridanum. E. petiolatum. E. alismaefolium. E. racemosum. E. aristulatum. E. campestre. E. aromaticum. E. cuneifolium. E. pinnatisectum. E. serratum. 266 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Leaves not callous-margined. Bracts and bractlets callous-margined, usually entire. 58. E. armatum. Bracts and bractlets not callous-margined, usually spi- nose to lobed. Leaf-blades entire, crenate, or remotely serrulate; bractlets tricuspidate; eastern United States. Bractlets tricuspidate, the middle cusp elongate. 53. E. aquaticum. Bractlets equally tricuspidate. 53b. E. aquaticum var. Ravenellii. Leaf-blades spinulose-serrate to pinnatifid; bractlets entire to variously spinose; California, Baja California, and Guatemala. Leaf-blades deeply pinnatifid, the lobes usually remote, spinulose-lobed to pinnatifid. Bracts and bractlets without dorsal spines; heads small, 5-10 mm. in diameter; sepals usually entire. 64. E. Vaseyi. Bracts and bractlets usually with dorsal spines; heads larger, 6-18 mm. long; sepals spinose, toothed, or pinnatifid. Bracts with few dorsal spines; sepals pin- natifid. 64b. E. Vaseyi var. globosum. Bracts densely beset with dorsal spines; sepals spinose, usually not pinnatifid. 64a. E. Vaseyi var. castrense. Leaf-blades coarsely serrate, incised to pinnatifid, the lobes proximate, entire or spinose. Blades of the basal leaves lanceolate or oval, 2-6 cm. long, 1—2 cm. broad; inflorescence more or less puberulent; southern Califor- nia and Baja California. 63a. E. aristulatum var. Parishii. Blades of the basal leaves ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 3-25 cm. long, 0.5—3 cm. broad; inflorescence glabrous. Leaf-blades 3-25 cm. long, acute to acumi- nate, incised to lobed; California. Bractlets scarious-lobed at the base; scales of the fruit unequal. 63. E. aristulatum. Bractlets scarious-winged at the base; scales of the fruit subequal. 61. E. alismaefolium. Leaf-blades 2—2.5 cm. long, obtuse, coarsely serrate; Guatemala. 36. E. reptans. 1. Eryngium pilularioides Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb:-8:'333: "1905. Low, acaulescent or short-caulescent, glabrous perennials, 10-15 cm. high or long, from a stout taproot, the stems slender, elongate, procumbent, stoloniferous; leaves of 2 or 3 kinds, all fistulose to more or less flattened and often septate, linear, acute or obtuse, 1-8 cm. long, 1 mm. or less broad, fascicled, spinose-ciliate near the base, the venation parallel; sheaths scarious-margined, short, vaginate; inflorescence an elongated monochasium bearing numerous sessile or short-pedunculate, small heads, the flowers few; heads globose to globose-ovoid, 3-5 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-8, rigid, ascending, linear-lanceolate, pungent, entire, exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, entire, scarious-winged at the base, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1 mm. long, acuminate, apicu- late, scarious-margined; petals oblong, about 1 mm. long; styles equaling or shorter than the sepals; fruit subglobose, 1-2 mm. in diameter, densely covered with lanceolate, acuminate, flat, subequal white scales 0.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Shallow hollows of meadows near Buena Vista Station, eastern Hidalgo, Pringle 8948. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLUSTRATIONS: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 333. f. 18 (fr.); Hook. Ic. pl. 2806; Engler, Pflanzen- reich 61 (48): 175. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 267 2. Eryngium ebracteatum Lam. Encyc. 4: 759. 1797. Eryngium ebracteatum var. typicum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4°8): 216. 1913. Eryngium caricinum Standley, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 8: 147. 1930. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 0.5—2 m. high, from a dense fascicle of fleshy- fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves lanceolate to linear, 1-10 dm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, tapering at the base, attenuate at the apex, entire to remotely crenate or crenate-serrate and often spinulose-setose toward the base, callous-margined, the venation parallel; sheaths nearly as broad as the blades, vaginate, very short; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower often spinulose-serrate, the upper greatly reduced, sessile, opposite, usually ternately parted; inflorescence diffusely cymose, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads green, narrowly cylindric, 8-25 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad; bracts 5-7, foliaceous, spreading to reflexed, ovate, 0.75-1.5 mm. long, acute, much shorter than the heads; bractlets lanceolate, I-1.5 mm. long, curved, acute, entire, shorter than the fruit; coma want- ing; sepals broadly ovate, 0.5-1 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, 0.5-1 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals; fruit globose, 1.5—2 mm. in diameter, the calycine scales and those of the angles lanceolate, flattened, the faces papillate. TYPE LocaLity: Montevideo and Buenos Aires, Commerson. DistRIBUTION: Argentina and Brazil; Bolivian Andes to Honduras. (Yuncker, Dawson & Youse 5776.) Fee ATIONS! Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 32; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11': pl. 80; A. W. Schimp. Pfl.-Geog. 3. Eryngium Boissieuanum H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: Dion 909: Eryngium gramineum sensu Benth. Pl. Hartw. 38. 1840. Not E. gramineum Delar. f. 1808. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 3.5-5 dm. high, from a short rootstock bearing a fascicle of tuberous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching above; basal leaves narrowly linear to very narrowly linear-lanceolate, 6-8 cm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, broadest at the base, acuminate at the apex, spinulose-serrate, the longest teeth 4-5 mm. long, the venation parallel; sheaths vaginate; cauline leaves like the basal, sessile, subamplexicaul, the upper linear- lanceolate, setose; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched, the heads few, rather large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads dark-violet, cylindric, 2 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts about 10, linear-lanceolate, about 5 mm. long, entire, attenuate, much shorter than the heads; bractlets like the bracts but smaller, scarious-dilated at the base, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals triangular-ovate to broadly oval, about 1 mm. long, entire, mucronulate; petals broadly obovate to oval, about 1 mm. long; immature fruit 2.5-3 mm. long, densely covered with minute, subequal, vesicular processes. Type Loca.ity: Bolivia, D’Orbigny 1239. DiIsTRIBUTION: Bolivia; Mexico (Hartweg 295, fide H. Wolff). 4. Eryngium globosum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2765 2. 1903. Slender, caulescent perennials, 0.5-2 dm. high, from a short, oblique, tuberous rootstock, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves distichous, very numerous, linear-lanceolate, 3-7 dm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, glaucescent, acuminate at the apex, spinose-ciliate or spinose- serrate, the longest spines 5-10 (or 15) mm. long, weak, ascending, or spreading at right angles, axillary spines often present, the venation parallel; sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate, 8-10 em. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, amplexicaul, the lower alternate, ascending, the upper greatly reduced, opposite; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads large, numer- ous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose to globose-ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, I—1.5 em. broad; bracts 5-8, rigid, spreading to reflexed, linear, 5-30 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, pungent, entire or with 1-2 pairs of short spines, longer or shorter than the heads; bractlets lanceolate-subulate, 6-10 mm. long, entire, pungent and somewhat dilated towards the base, occasionally minutely puberulent (?), exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1.5—3 268 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, mm. long, obtuse, entire to denticulate; petals oval, 2-3 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, the calycine and lateral scales lanceolate, acute, up to 1.5 mm. long, the latter forming two incised wings, the dorsal reduced or obsolete. Typrk Locatity: Near Tepic, Territorio of Tepic [Nayarit], E. W. Nelson 4174. DiIsTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to Oaxaca (Mexia 1596, Pringle 5007). 5. Eryngium Pringlei Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 333. 1905. Very slender, caulescent perennials, 2-6 dm. high, from a short rootstock bearing fleshy- fibrous roots, the stems solitary or few, erect, branching; basal leaves numerous, linear-lanceo- late to linear, 5-30 cm. long, 3-7 mm. broad, slightly narrowed toward the base, pungent- acute at the apex, setose-ciliate with slender bristles toward the base, the venation parallel; sheaths nearly as broad as the blades, up to 3 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, sessile, the lower alternate, the upper reduced, opposite; inflorescence cymose, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose-ovoid, 5-8 mm. in diameter; bracts 5-6, rigid, spreading, ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 mm. long, pungent-acuminate, entire, puberulent on the back, much shorter than the heads; bractlets like the bracts in size and shape, puberulent on the back, about equaling the fruit; coma wanting; sepals broadly ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse, scarious-margined, apiculate, puberulent on the back; petals broadly ovate, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, longer than the sepals; fruit subglobose, about 3 mm. in diameter, the calycine scales and those of the angles flattened, lanceolate, the faces papillate. TyPEB LOCALITY: In alkaline meadows, Hacienda de Angostura, San I1is Potosi, Pringle 3759. DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Nayarit and San Luis Potosi (Palmer 63, Pennell 18,045) ILLUSTRATION: Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 334. f. 19 (fr.). 6. Eryngium sparganophyllum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2508. 1897. Eryngium longifolium sensu A. Gray, Pl. Wright 2:65. 1853. Not E. longifolium Cav. 1793. Rather slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 4-12 dm. high, from a short tuberous rootstock bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary to several, erect; basal leaves numerous, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-9 dm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, broadest at the base, attenuate at the apex, entire or obsoletely spinulose-dentate with teeth 2 mm. long or less, axillary spines absent, the venation parallel; sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate or plane, 2-10 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal but reduced and sessile, the lower alternate, ascending, the upper opposite; inflorescence divaricately cymose, or trifurcate, or rarely simple, the heads rather large, numerous to few or solitary, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, ovoid or ovoid-oblong, 15-25 mm. long, 10-15 mm. broad, rounded at the base; bracts 8-12, herbaceous, loosely spreading to reflexed, linear, 5-15 mm. long, pun- gent, entire, much shorter than the heads; bractlets lanceolate, 5 mm. long, curved, pungent, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, the calycine scales and those of the angles lanceolate, up to 1 mm. long, those of the surfaces smaller and papillose. TyPE LocaLity: Los Playos Springs, near the Sierra de Los Animos, New Mexico, C. Wright DisTRIBUTION: New Mexico to Jalisco (Palmer 294, Pennell 18,296). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 2508; Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 124; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 42. 7. Eryngium longifolium Cay. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 133. 1800. Eryngium Watsoni Coult. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 334. 1905. Eryngium Langlassei H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 417. 1911. Slender, caulescent perennials, 5-20 dm. high, from a short, oblique, tuberous rootstock bearing a fascicle of fibrous-fleshy roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves numerous, broadly linear, 3-7 dm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, broadest at the base, attenuate at the apex, weakly spinose-ciliate, the spines slender, ascending, the longest 2-6 mm. long, axillary Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 269 spines minute or wanting, the venation parallel; sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate, 6-12 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, athplexicaul, alternate, ascending, the upper greatly reduced, opposite; inflorescence divaricately cymose, the heads rather large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose-ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 8-15 mm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, rounded at apex and base; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading to loosely reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 3-12 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, pungent, entire, much shorter than the heads; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, pungent, entire, occasionally puberulent (?), slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals broadly ovate, 1 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oval, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine and lateral scales lanceolate, up to 1 mm. long, the dorsal greatly reduced or obsolete. TYPE LOCALITY: Between Pachuco and Real del Monte, Hidalgo, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Jalisco to Mexico and Guerrero (Mexia 9028, Pringle 6197). ILLUSTRATION: Cav, Ic. pl. 555. 8. Eryngium gramineum Delar. f. Eryng. 60. 1808. Eryngium puberulentum Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 334. 1905. Slender, caulescent perennials, 0.6—-1 m. high, from a short, cylindrical, woody horizontal or oblique rootstock bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect; basal leaves numerous, narrowly linear, 2-4 (or 6) dm. long, 5-15 mm. broad, broadest at the base and attenuate at the apex, densely spinose-ciliate with weak ascending spines, the longest 2-7 mm. long, or the spines nearly obsolete, axillary spines absent, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as the blades, vaginate, 2-6 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal but reduced, ascending, the lower alternate, the uppermost reduced and opposite; inflorescence cymose, the heads rather large, numerous to few, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid, 10-15 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad; bracts 6-10, linear-lanceolate, 3-8 (or 15) mm. long, 1—2 mm. broad, acute or acuminate, pungent, entire, much shorter than the heads; bractlets lanceolate-triangular to ovate, 3-5 mm. long, pungent, dilated at the base, densely puberulent on the back or occasionally glabrate, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals oval to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5—2 mm. long, obtuse, mucronulate; petals obovate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine scales and those of the angles lanceolate, 0.5 mm. long, flat, tawny or whitish, those of the faces greatly reduced, vesiculose or abortive. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Nova Hispania,’ Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Le6én to Sonora, south to Sinaloa (Pringle 10,078, 11,461). ILLUSTRATION: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 27. 9. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 164. 1803. Eryngium aquaticum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 336, in part. 1762. Not E. aquaticum L. 1753. Eryngium tuberosum Raf. Fl. Ludov. 60. 1817. Eryngium aquaticum var. normale H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4228): 240. 1913. Eryngium aquaticum var. subinerme H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (48): 242. 1913. Stout, glabrous perennials, 3-18 dm. high, from a fascicle of tuberous woody roots, the stems slender, solitary, branching above; basal leaves rigid, broadly linear, 1.5-10 dm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, acute, remotely bristly with solitary or occasionally 2 or more bristles together, the venation parallel; sheaths short; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced above; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose-ovoid, 1-2.5 cm. in diameter; bracts 6-10, spreading-ascending, ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 mm. long, cuspidate, mostly entire, shorter than the heads; bractlets like the bracts, entire or minutely serrulate, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, obtuse, mucronulate; petals oblong, 1.5 mm. long; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit oblong, 4-8 mm. long, the scales of the angles lanceolate, flattened, 1.5-3 mm. long, those of the dorsal surfaces reduced or obsolete. Type Locaity: In paludosis Virginiae, Michaux. DIsTRIBUTION: Connecticut to Florida, west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Texas (Heller 1104, Palmer 12,793). ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 522; ed. 2. 2: 622; Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 62; Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 589. 270 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 9a. Eryngium yuccifolium var. synchaetum A. Gray; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 94. 1888. Eryngium synchaetum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 44. 1900. Eryngium aquaticum var. synchaelum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): 242. 1913. Plants slender; basal leaves 15-35 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, remotely spinulose-setose with 2—4 weak setae 3-10 mm. long; heads subglobose, 10-15 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-9, spreading or reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 5-10 (or 25?) mm. long, entire or few-toothed; bract- lets like the bracts but broader, about 5 mm. long, entire, exceeding the fruit; sepals acute; petals oblong, 1.5 mm. long. Typk LOCALITY: Florida, in dry pine barrens near Jacksonville, Curtiss 996. DisTRIBUTION: Georgia to Florida, west to eastern Oklahoma and Texas (Nash 1487, Tracy 4481). ILLUSTRATION: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4278): 241. 1913. 10. Eryngium montanum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 300. 1895. Rather stout, glabrous perennials, 4-8 dm. high, from a short woody caudex bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, simple below; basal leaves numerous, linear-lanceolate, 2—3.5 dm. long, 10-18 mm. broad, broadest at the base, acuminate at the apex, spinulose-dentate with short, slender, subequal spreading spines 2-5 mm. long, axillary spines wanting, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as or broader than the blades, usually vaginate, 2-5 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, few, reduced, alternate and ascending, the upper opposite; inflorescence simple or sparsely cymose with 3 or 4 heads, the heads large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads deep blue, ovoid-oblong, 2-3 cm. long, 1.5—2 cm. broad; bracts 10-16, rigid, spreading to reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 1—2.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, unequal, entire or with 1—2 spines at the base, shorter than or equaling the heads; bract- lets linear-subulate, 4-5 mm. long, curved, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, 1—-1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, the lateral scales forming a pair of wings, the other scales obsolete. TYPE LOCALITY: In wet meadows, Sierra de Clavellinas, Oaxaca, E. W. Nelson 1386. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Pringle 6040, C. L. Smith 884). 11. Eryngium Hemsleyanum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich Ol 142) 255. {19135 Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 0.5—2 m. high, from a short oblique or horizontal tuberous rootstock bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, simple below; basal leaves numerous, linear-lanceolate, 15-35 (or 60) cm. long, 5-10 (or 15) mm. broad, broadest at the base or the middle and attenuate at the apex, densely spinose-lobed, the lobes stout, ascending or spreading, the longest 5-22 mm. long, axillary spines present, the venation parallel; sheaths usually as broad as the leaves, vaginate, 2—4 cm. long; cauline leaves few, the lower like the basal but clasping, alternate, little reduced, ascending, the uppermost reduced, opposite, all very spinose; inflorescence divaricately cymose, the heads numerous, rather large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid, 8-15 mm. long, 7-12 mm. broad, more or less rounded at apex and base; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading, lanceolate, 3-10 mm. long, pungent, entire or few-toothed, much shorter than the heads or occasionally longer; bractlets broadly lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oval, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, greatly exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, about 2 mm. long, the calycine and lateral scales flat, tawny, ovate-lanceolate, to 1 mm. long, the lateral forming incised wings, the dorsal reduced or obsolete. TPE LOCALITY: San Luis Potosi, Schaffner 547. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Le6n and Tamaulipas to Vera Cruz and Puebla (Pennell 17,118, Pringle Ne JOIS Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 271 12. Eryngium Purpusii Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 311. 1911. : Eryngium Loesenerianum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4°%8): 255. 1913. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 5-8 dm. high, from a short tuberous vertical rootstock bearing fibrous roots, the stems solitary, simple below, erect; basal leaves numerous, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, 1-3.5 dm. long, 1—2 cm. broad, broadest at the base, acuminate at the apex, coarsely spinose-lobed, axillary spines present, the lobes stout, spreading nearly at right angles, the longest 6-10 mm. long, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as the blades, vaginate, 2-7 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal but amplexicaul, ascending, conspicuously spinose-lobed, the uppermost reduced and opposite, spinose; inflorescence cy- mose, compact, the heads large, few, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid, 1.5—2 em. long, I-1.5 cm. broad; bracts about 10, rigid, spreading, linear-lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, pungent, entire or few-toothed, much shorter than the heads; bractlets linear- lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate- lanceolate, about 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, mucronulate; petals oblong, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, about 3 mm. long, the calycine scales ovate or lanceolate, small, the lateral forming marginal wings, the faces naked. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de Cacolotl, Puebla, Purpus 4105 (“4109”). DISTRIBUTION: Puebla and Oaxaca (Camp 2243, Seler 90). 13. Eryngium columnare Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2511. 1897. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 4-15 dm. high, from a short woody caudex bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect; basal leaves numerous, herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, 2-5 dm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, broadest at or near the base, acuminate at the apex, spinose-lobed, the teeth divaricate or spreading, the longest 4-17 mm. long, axillary spines usually present, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as the blades, plane or vaginate, 2-10 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, sessile, alternate below, ascending, the upper occasionally opposite, deeply spinose-serrate; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched or simple, the heads large, few or solitary, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads deep blue, ovoid-oblong, 2-4 cm. long, 1.5—2 cm. broad; bracts 9-13, rigid, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 2-5.5 cm.long, 3-8 mm. broad, pungent, conspicuously spinose-dentate toward the base, usually exceeding the heads; bractlets linear-subulate, 5-6 mm. long, curved, pungent, entire, exceed- ing the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate-oblong, about 2 mm. long, acuminate, mucronate; petals oblong, 2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, the lateral scales forming two entire wings, acuminate distally, otherwise naked. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Graham 217. 2 : eel Tamaulipas and Hidalgo to Mexico and Morelos (Pringle 8243, Rose & Painter 1 ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2511. 14. Eryngium crassisquamosum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2765. 1903. Eryngium pectinatum sensu Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 294. 1856. Not E. pectinatum Presl, 1837. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-2 m. high, from a short vertical tuberous root - stock bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect; basal leaves numerous, linear, 3-8 dm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, coarsely spinose-lobed, the lobes spreading or divaricate, the longest spines 15—25 (or 60) mm. long, axillary spines present, the venation parallel; sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate, 4-12 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower alternate, elongate, ascending, densely spinose at the base, the upper greatly reduced, opposite; inflorescence divaricately cymose, the heads large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numer- ous; heads purple, ovoid-oblong, 1.5—2.2 cm. long, 1—-1.3 cm. broad; bracts 8-12, rigid, spread- ing or reflexed, lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long or occasionally much shorter, pungent, entire or few-toothed, exceeding or shorter than the heads; bractlets lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oval, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit 272 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, turbinate, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine and lateral scales lanceolate, flat, tawny, acute, up to 1 mm. long, the latter forming incised wings, the dorsal reduced downwards or obsolete. TyPr LOCALITY: Sierra Madre, Mexico, Seeman 2136. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Le6n to Durango and Nayarit (Ferris 5976, Rose 2128). ILLuSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2765. 15. Eryngium pectinatum Presl; DC. Prodr. 4:96. 1830. Eryngium longispinum Coult. & Rose; Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2766 2. 1903. Eryngium stenolobum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2766 2. 1903. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 6-18 dm. high, from a short woody caudex bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect; basal leaves numerous, linear, 2-6 dm. long, 4-12 mm. broad, broadest at the base, attenuate at the apex, spinose-lobed, the lobes spreading or divergent, the longest 1.5-4 cm. long, axillary and often intermediate spines usually well developed, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as the blades, plane, 2-5 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower alternate, ascending, the upper reduced, opposite, deeply spinose-serrate or pinnatifid; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads large, numer- ous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, ovoid-oblong, 1.5—2.5 em. long, 1.5-2 cm. broad; bracts 8-10, rigid, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, pungent, coarsely spinose-serrate toward the base or rarely nearly entire, exceeding the heads; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 4-7 mm. long, curved, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse or acute, mucronate; petals ovate, about 2 mm. long; styles slender, surpassing the sepals; fruit turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, the scales of the angles forming two incised wings, the calycine scales small, the faces naked. Typr LocaLity: Mexico, Haenke. DISTRIBUTION: Coahuila to Mexico and Morelos (Pringle 4359, 10,132). InLustTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2766. 16. Eryngium cymosum Delar. f. Eryng. 63. 1808. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 6-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of fleshy- fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect; basal leaves numerous, linear-lanceolate, 2-6 dm. long, 6-18 mm. broad, broad at the base, attenuate at the apex, spinose-serrate with spreading teeth, the longest 1-3 cm. long, axillary spines present, the venation parallel; sheaths as broad as the blades, 2-5 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, few, sessile, very spiny especially at the base, the lower alternate, ascending, the upper reduced, opposite, spreading or recurved; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads rather large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads hemispheric to globose, 10-12 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading to loosely reflexed, linear to linear-lanceolate, 8-24 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, pungent, entire or with 1 or 2 obsolete marginal spines, usually greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets linear- lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, acute, mucronate; petals oval, 1-1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, the calycine scales and those of the angles flat, lanceolate, up to 1 mm. long, those of the surfaces smaller or the lower portion naked. ‘Typk Loca.ity: “‘Nova Hispania,” Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero (Nelson 2172). ILLusTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 31; Tratt. Ausg. Taf. pl. 323. 17. Eryngium guatemalense Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2766 2. 1903. bea ett pectinatum sensu Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 2:29. 1891. Not E. pectinatum Presl, 1 |. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-1.5 m. high, from a short horizontal woody rootstock bearing a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves numerous, rosulate, linear-lanceolate, 1-6 dm. long, 8-22 mm. broad, slightly narrowed at the base, acuminate at the apex, spinose-serrate, the lobes divaricate or spreading, the longest Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 273 1-2.5 cm. long, axillary spines often present, the venation parallel; sheaths nearly as broad as the blades, plane (?), 1-5 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower alternate, ascend- ing, the upper broad and elongated, spreading or recurved, opposite or occasionally whorled; inflorescence diffusely cymosely branched, the ae large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue or purple, hemispheric, 1—2 cm. in diameter; bracts rigid, spreading to ascending, linear to linear-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, often unequal, pungent, entire or with a few reduced spines, exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate-linear, 4-5 mm. long, mucronate, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1.5—2 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oblong to oval, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, the scales of the angles forming two wings, the faces naked. Typr Locality: Mountains near Hacienda de Chaucol, Guatemala, E. W. Nelson 3654. DISTRIBUTION: Chiapas to Guatemala (Matuda 2323, Up D. Smith 2197). 18. Eryngium Palmeri Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2765 2. 1903. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 8-18 dm. high, from a short tuberous rootstock bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves distichous, numerous, linear, 3-7 dm. long, 6-12 mm. broad, attenuate at the apex, spinose- serrate with stout spreading lobes or teeth, the longest 10-32 mm. long, axillary spines usually present, the venation parallel; sheaths broader than the blades, vaginate, 4-10 cm. long; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the lower alternate, elongate, ascending, the upper spreading, opposite, all deeply spinose-serrate; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads large, numer- ous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads hemispheric, 1.5—2 cm. in diameter; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading, 2.5—5 cm. long, entire or with 1—2 reduced spines, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 8-10 mm. long, curved, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 3 mm. long, acute, mucronate, puberulent on the back; petals obovate, about 2.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, the scales forming two incised lateral wings, the calycine scales few, narrow, the surfaces naked. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Blanco, Mexico, Palmer 681. DIsTRIBUTION: Jalisco (Pringle 7623, 10,131). 19. Eryngium monocephalum Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 116. 1800. Eryngium bromeliaefolium Delar. f. Eryng. 60. 1808. ? Eryngium axilliflorum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 20!: 172. 1847. Eryngium alternatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 298. 1895. Eryngium involucratum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 299. 1895. Eryngium grande Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 332. 1905. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 6—30 dm. high, from a short woody caudex bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves linear- lanceolate, 1-6 dm. long, 6-25 mm. broad, slightly narrowed at the base, acuminate at the apex, spinose-serrate with divergent or spreading teeth 5-30 mm. long, often replaced by slender spines toward the base, axillary and intermediate spines usually present, the venation parallel; sheaths nearly as broad as the blades, plane, 1-3 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, alternate, the upper opposite, amplexicaul, vaginate and mostly recurved; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched or the branching entirely suppressed, the heads large, solitary to few, pedunculate, the flowers very numerous; heads ovoid, 1—2.5 em. long, 1—-1.5 em. broad; bracts 12-30, biseriate, rigid, spreading-ascending, strongly imbricate, linear to linear-lanceo- late, 3-8 cm. long, 3-12 mm. broad, pungent, entire or spinose-serrate, exceeding and often enclosing the heads (or rarely conspicuously shorter than the heads); bractlets lanceolate- subulate, 4-7 mm. long, pungent, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate to ovate, 2-4 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate; petals oblanceolate, 2-3 mm. long; styles short but slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit cuneate-cylindric, 3-5 (or 8?) mm. long, the lateral scales forming two incised wings, the calycine few, the surfaces naked or nearly so. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Huanajuato [Guanajuato] and Chilpancingo, New Spain,”’ collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Morelos and Oaxaca (Pringle 10,245, Purpus 3747). ILLusTRATIoNS: Cav. Ic. pl. 553; Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 28; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (42%8): f. 35. 274 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 20. Eryngium proteaeflorum Delar. f. Eryng. 62. 1808. Eryngium Seatoni Coult. & Rose; Seaton, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 118. 1893. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-2.5 m. high, from a fascicle of fleshy roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves rosulate, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, 1-2 em. j broad, pungent-acuminate, spinose-lobed, the lobes ascending or divergent, 5-20 mm. long, axillary spines often present, the venation parallel; sheaths nearly as broad as the blades, short or obsolete; cauline leaves numerous, like the basal, alternate, sessile, ascending, leafy to the heads; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched or simple, the heads very large, solitary or few, very short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid-cylindric, 2-6 cm, long, 1.5—3 em. broad; bracts 15-30, multi- or bi-seriate, rigid, ascending, linear to lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 5-20 mm. broad, strongly imbricate, the inner smaller and narrower, all pungent-acumi- nate with sparingly spinose-serrate margins, greatly exceeding and enclosing the heads; bract- lets linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, pungent, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals broadly ovate, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, 2 mm. long; styles short, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit cuneate-cylindric, 3-5 mm. long, naked except for a few flattened, lanceolate calycine scales and those on the summits of the angles. ‘Typk Loca.ity: ‘Nova Hispania,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Tlaxcala and Mexico (Pringle 1892, Purpus 3020). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 30; Gard. Chron. III. 41: 248, 249; MoOller’s Gartner-Zeit. 24: 344; Silva Tarouca, Freiland-Standen 98; Garden 75: 380; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4228): pl. 21. Eryngium Deppeanum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 207. 1830. Eryngium Painteri Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 333. 1905. Eryngium Painteri var. gigantophyllum H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 307. 1910. Eryngium Painteri var. typicum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4228): 222. 1913. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 6-15 dm. high, from a short tuberous caudex bearing a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching; basal leaves numerous, rosulate, linear-lanceolate, 8-40 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, slightly narrowed at the base, attenuate at the apex, spinose-lobed, the lobes short, stout, ascending or divaricate, 5-12 mm. long, often replaced by simple spines toward the base, short axillary spines occa- sionally present, the venation parallel, but some reticulations usually evident toward the margins; sheaths plane, nearly as broad as the blades, 1-3 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, large, sessile, lanceolate, alternate and deeply spinose-serrate, the upper opposite or whorled, broad and elongate, deeply spinose-serrate or spinose-lobed; inflorescence cymosely branched, the lower branches alternate, the upper whorled, the heads large, numerous, pedun- culate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, 1—-1.5 cm. broad; bracts 8-12, rigid, spreading or reflexed, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, pungent, entire or with an occasional tooth, about equaling the heads; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 3-8 mm. long, pungent, somewhat dilated at the base, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1-2 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, 1-2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-5 mm. long, the angles densely covered with short, flattened, acute, lanceolate scales, the faces naked. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Serro Colorado,’ Deppe. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca (Pringle 6038, 6939). ILLustRaATIoNs: Hook. Ic. pl. 2544; Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 333. f. 17 (fr.). 22. Eryngium fluitans M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 12:42. 1908. Eryngium mexicanum sensu H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (478): 178. 1913. Not E. mexi- canum S. Wats. 1891. Eryngium Wolffii Mathias, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 395. 1929. Slender, caulescent, glabrous, perennials (?), 1.5-4 dm. high, from a fascicle of fleshy- fibrous roots, the stems several, weakly erect or ascending, branching; basal leaves linear to lanceolate, 2-15 cm. long, 0.5—3 cm. broad, entire or ternate to pinnatisect, the linear or lanceolate lobes entire or obsoletely serrate, 1-2 cm. long, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles fistulose, septate, broadly sheathing at the base, 0.5—1 dm. long, exceeding the blades; Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 275 cauline leaves like the basal, entire to ternately or pinnately parted with herbaceous, weak, and often elongate divisions, the upper leaves sessile and opposite; inflorescence successively trifureate or cymose, the heads rather large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, ovoid-cylindric, 10-15 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts 8-12, rigid, spreading, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, pungent, entire or with a pair of obsolete spines, green beneath and yellowish-white above, shorter than or exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. long, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma of a single entire or shallowly lobed filiform bractlet, 15-25 mm. long; sepals ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals spatulate, about 0.6-0.8 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1-2 mm. long, densely covered with subequal, white, lanceolate scales. TYPE LOCALITY: Marsh Lake, Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, M. E. Jones. DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to Mexico (Pennell 18,288, Pringle 3180). ILLUSTRATION: Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4%%8): f. 30 (as E. mexicanum S. Wats.). 23. Eryngium madrense S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 23: 274. 1888. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials (?), 5-6 dm. high, from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, strictly erect, branching; basal leaves lanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 1—2 cm. broad, acuminate, ternate or pinnatisect, the linear or lanceolate lobes entire or obsoletely serrate, 1-2 cm. long, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles fistulose, septate, sheathing at the base, 1.5-3 dm. long, exceeding the blades; cauline leaves like the basal, ternately parted with rigid, bipinnatisect, linear divisions, 1-2 cm. long, the upper leaves opposite and sessile; inflorescence successively trifurcate or cymose, the heads rather large, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, broadly cylindric, 10-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, rigid, spreading, linear to lanceolate, 12-18 mm. long, pungent, acute, entire or with an occa- sional spinose tooth, green beneath and yellowish-white above, exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. long, rigid, entire, slightly dilated at the base, exceeding the fruit; coma of a single, rigid, deeply parted bractlet, 15-18 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, 0.5 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1—-1.5 mm. long, densely covered with lanceolate, white, subequal scales. TypE LOCALITY: In ponds on the plains at the base of the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Pringle 1531. DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua (Pringle 2009). 24. Eryngium phyteumae Delar. f. Eryng. 51. 1808. Eryngium cylindraceum (cylindricum) Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 872,assyn. 1825. Eryngium horminoides DC. Prodr. 4: 94, ex char. fide H. Wolff. 1830. Eryngium phyteumatos Benth. Pl. Hartw. 38. 1840. Eryngium discolor S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883. Eryngium mexicanum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 136. 1891. Not E. mexicanum sensu H. Wolff, 1913. Rather slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 3-7 dm. high, from a cluster of sub- fusiform roots, the stems solitary or few, simple or sparingly branched; basal leaves oblong to lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, 1-2 em. broad, obtuse or acute, apiculate, obscurely crenate or crenate-serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles fistulose, septate, 7-18 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper sessile; inflorescence simple or cymosely few-branched, the heads rather large, few, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads amethystine to deep blue, ovoid- cylindric, 1-2 cm. long, 8-12 mm. broad; bracts 6-10, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, acute, entire to sparingly spinulose-serrate, green beneath and white or blue above, equaling or exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-5 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma of 3—5 subequal, entire or spinulose-serrate bractlets, 5-15 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, mucronate, obtuse to truncate; petals oblong or oblanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with flat, lanceolate, white, subequal scales. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Nova Hispania,’ Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and Chihuahua to Mexico (Pennell 19,151, Townsend & Barber 291). ILLUSTRATION: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 21. 276 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, 25. Eryngium comosum Delar. f. Eryng. 30. 1808. Low and stout, glabrous perennials (?), 1.5-4 dm. high, from fleshy, tuberous roots, the stems erect or spreading, branching; basal leaves oblong to obovate, 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 em. broad, pinnatifid to bipinnatisect with rigid, lanceolate, pungent divisions, the venation pin- nately reticulate; petioles winged, spiny, 2-8 cm. long, shorter than the blades; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper reduced, sessile, opposite, and deeply parted; inflorescence successively trifurcate or cymosely branched, the heads rather large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads cylindric, 1-1.8 cm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts 6-8, chartaceous, spreading or reflexed, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, acute, trifurcate or sometimes pinnatifid at the apex, greenish beneath and yellowish-white above, shorter than or equaling the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-4 mm. long, curving, slightly dilated at the base, about equaling the fruit; coma of 2-4 subequal, entire or trifurcate bractlets, 8-15 mm. long; sepals ovate-lanceo- late, 1.5-2 mm. long, acute, mucronate; petals spatulate, about 1-2 mm. long; styles slender, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid-globose, 2-4 mm. in diameter, densely covered with flat, lanceolate-acuminate, white or tawny scales, those on the angles the longest. TYPE Loca.ity: “‘Nova Hispania,’”’ Humboldt & Bonpland. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (State) and the Federal District (Pringle 3203, Purpus 5718). ILLUSTRATION: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 7. 26. Eryngium carlinae Delar. f. Eryng. 53. 1808. Eryngium radiatum Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 877, assyn. 1825. Eryngium affine H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 345. 1909. Low, short-caulescent or acaulescent, glabrous perennials, 5—25 cm. high or long, from a slender, often branched taproot, the stems decumbent to erect, solitary to several; basal leaves numerous, rosulate, oblanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 5-18 mm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, coarsely spinulose-serrate and often incised or lobed with divaricate teeth or lobes, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles broadly winged, 0.5—2 cm. long, much shorter than the blades; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the upper sessile, deeply incised and often parted toward the base; inflorescence trifurcate or sparingly cymosely divaricate, the heads small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads violet-blue, ovoid, 7-10 mm. long, 5-7 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, chartaceous, spreading-ascending, oblanceolate to ovate, 8-20 mm. long, 2-6 mm. broad, acute, more or less spinose-serrate toward the apex, green or blue beneath and white above, usually exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. long, curved, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma of 1-3 nearly entire bractlets, 2-5 mm. long, or occasionally obsolete; sepals ovate, 1.5—2 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate; petals spatulate, about 1 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5—2 mm. long, the angles densely covered with short flattened scales, the faces with conical papillae. Type Locatity: ‘Nova Hispania,” collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Durango and Hidalgo to Guatemala and Costa Rica (Pennell 18,532, Pringle 6916). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 23; Tratt. Ausg. Taf. pl. 327; Moller’s Gartner-Zeit. 26: te 27. Eryngium Beecheyanum H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 294. 1838. Eryngium tenue H. & A. Bot. Beech. Voy. 293. 1838. Not E. tenue Lam. 1797. Eryngium cryptanthum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2509. 1897. Eryngium tenuissimum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2580. 1899. Eryngium Seleri H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 275. 1909. Slender, caulescent, divaricately branching, glabrous biennials, 1.5-6 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots; basal leaves numerous, rosulate, oblanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, setose-serrate to subpinnatifid, the vena- tion pinnately reticulate; petioles short or obsolete, winged and sheathing at the base, to 1 cm. long, much shorter than the blades; lower cauline leaves like the basal, setose-serrate or shal- lowly incised to pinnatifid, the upper palmately parted, sessile, the uppermost opposite; inflo- rescence cymosely divaricate, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue or occasionally white, ovoid-cylindric, 6-10 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts 8-12, Parr 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 277 chartaceous, spreading, linear-lanceolate, 8-15 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, pungent, green or bluish beneath and yellowish-white above, with 1—3 short lateral spines or entire, exceeding or occasionally only equaling the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-4 mm. long, entire, curved, exceed- ing the fruit; coma of 1-3 usually entire bractlets, 2-6 mm. long, or occasionally obsolete; sepals ovate, about 1 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, about 1 mm. long; styles rather short, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 1-2 mm. long, densely papillate on the angles and surfaces. Tyee Locatity: “Talisco [Jalisco], Sierra Madre, Mexico,’ Lay & Collie. F DISTRIBUTION: Sonora and Chihuahua to Mexico and Michoacén (Hinton 2194, Pringle 4120, 13,526). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 2506, 2509, 2580. 28. Eryngium heterophyllum Engelm. in Wisliz. Tour Northern Mex. 106. 1848. ? Eryngium Haenkei Presl; DC. Prodr. 4: 94. - 1830. Eryngium Wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:78. 1852. Eryngium medium Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2767. 1903. Eryngium Altamiranoi Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 10: 129. 1906. Eryngium confusum Hemsl. & Rose; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 129. 1906. Eryngium Endlichii H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 306. 1910. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 2-6 dm. high, from a stout taproot, the stems erect, branching; basal leaves rosulate, narrowly oblanceolate to oblong-oval, 4-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, cuneate at the base, acute or obtuse at the apex, those of the sterile rosettes setose-dentate, the fertile spinose-serrate to pinnatifid or bipinnatisect, the teeth or lobes acute, pungent, callous-margined, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles narrowly winged, sheathing at the base, 1-5 cm. long, shorter than the blades; cauline leaves numerous, like the basal, the lower pinnatifid or bipinnatisect, the upper opposite, sessile and palmately parted; inflorescence paniculately branched, the heads rather small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid, blue to white, 7-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad; bracts 8-14, rigid, spreading-ascending, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 12-25 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, pungent or acuminate, with 1 or 2 pairs of spinose teeth or entire, green or bluish beneath and yellowish-white above, exceeding or occasionally shorter than the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-5 mm. long, entire, curved, exceeding the fruit; coma of 1-4 entire bractlets, 5-15 mm. long, or occasionally obsolete; sepals ovate, about 1 mm. long, obtuse or truncate, apiculate; petals oblanceolate to obovate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 1.5—2.5 mm. in diameter, with flat scales below the sepals and on the upper angles, the faces papillate. TyPE LocALItTy: In valleys about Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua, Wislizenius 176. DisTRIBuTION: ,Louisana, Texas, and Arizona to San Luis Potosi and Oaxaca (Pringle 13,530, Schaffner 548). ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2767. 29. Eryngium Lemmoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 279. 1889. Eryngium Goldmani Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2638. 1900. Eryngium argutum Hemsl.; H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): 195, assyn. 1913, Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials (?), 3-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous or fleshy roots, the stems erect, branching; basal leaves coriaceous, rosulate, oblanceolate and often elongate, 5-20 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, spinulose-serrate with more or less divaricate, callous-margined teeth, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles broadly sheathing at the base, 1-8 em. long, shorter than the blades; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper often broader, opposite, sessile, spinose-serrate or deeply incised or parted; inflorescence successively trifurcate or cymose, the heads rather large, few, peduncu- late, the flowers numerous; heads blue, ovoid, 10-15 mm. long, 6-12 mm. broad; bracts usually 10-13, chartaceous, spreading-ascending, broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1.5—3 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, pungent, acute, spinose-serrate with 2—3 pairs of teeth, green or blue beneath and white above, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, about 5 mm. long, curved, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; 278 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, petals obovate, about 1 mm. long; styles short, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, with flat, white, ovate, acute scales below the sepals and on the summits of the angles, the faces papillate or bare. TYPE LocaLity: Chirricahua Mountains, southeastern Arizona, Lemmon 17. DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and Chihuahua to Durango (Pringle 2010, Townsend & Barber 242). ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2638. 30. Eryngium calaster Standley, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 22: 42. 1940. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 15—25 cm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, simple or branched; basal leaves thin, spatulate to oblanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, 1—1.5 cm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, setose-dentate, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles slender, sheathing at the base, 1-3 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the lower setose-dentate to subpinnatifid, the upper sessile, opposite, incised to palmately parted; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched, the heads small, few, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads blue, globose-ovoid, 4-7 mm. in diameter; bracts 8-14, chartaceous, spreading, oblong to lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, obtuse or abruptly acute, spinose-serrate with 3—6 pairs of delicate spines, green or bluish beneath and silvery above, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets blue, subulate, 2-4 mm. long, curved, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals obovate, 1 mm. long; styles short, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 2 mm. in diameter, densely papillate with short conical papillae, the calycine scales narrow and flat. TYPE LOCALITY: Memelichi, Rio Mayo, Chihuahua, H. S. Gentry 2762. DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahua to Durango (Pennell 18,284). 31. Eryngium Leavenworthii T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 604. 1840. Rather slender, glabrous and purplish perennials (?), 5-10 dm. high, from a slender tap- root, the stems erect, divaricately branching, leafy; lower cauline leaves broadly oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, short-petiolate, the upper broadly ovate to orbicular, sessile, deeply palmately parted, the divisions pinnatifid with pungent lobes, the venation reticulate; inflorescence sparingly cymose, the heads large, few or more, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads purplish, ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 2—3.5 cm. long, 15—25 mm. broad; bracts about 8, oblong, 2-4 cm. long, spinose-pinnatifid like the upper leaves, about equaling the heads; bractlets linear, 1 em. long, spinose-lobed with 3-7 prominent teeth, ex- ceeding the fruit; coma of about 8 prominent spinescent bract-like bractlets, 1-2 cm. long; sepals oblong, 5 mm. long, spinose-pinnatifid toward the apex; petals oblong, 2-3 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals; fruit oblong, 2-4 mm. long, densely covered on the angles and faces with linear or claviform white scales 1-2 mm. long. TyPE LOCALITY: Red River, ‘‘ Arkansas,” Leavenworth. DISTRIBUTION: Kansas to Texas (Lindheimer 836, 837, Palmer 9008). ILLustRaTiIons: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 622; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (478): f. 28. 32. Eryngium diffusum Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 206. 1827. Eryngium prostratum James; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 421, as syn. 1878. Low, caulescent, diffusely branched, prostrate to erect, glabrous perennials (?), 1-4 dm. high, from a slender taproot; basal leaves obovate to cuneate, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, nearly sessile, deeply palmately parted, the cuneate or oblong divisions spinulose-dentate or lobed, the venation palmately reticulate; cauline leaves numerous, like the basal; inflorescence successively trifurcate, or some lateral branches elongate to form a monochasium, the heads numerous, small, very short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads bluish, globose-ovoid, 8-12 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad; bracts 10-12, rigid, spreading, linear-lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, pungent, spinose-serrate, scarious-margined at the base, exceeding the heads; bractlets lanceolate, 5 mm. long, mucronate, entire, broadly scarious-winged at the Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 279 base, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, long-mucronate, 3-3.5 mm. long; petals oblanceolate, about 1.5 mm. long; styles shorter than to slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit globose-ovoid, 2.5—-3 mm. long, densely covered with linear, acute, subequal, white scales, 1—2 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: On the Canadian River, probably Oklahoma, James. DISTRIBUTION: Texas and adjacent Oklahoma (Berlandier 1078, Reverchon 3852). ILLUSTRATIONS: Marcy, Expl. Bot. pl. 6; Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 123 (fr.). 33. Eryngium Hookeri Walp. Rep. 2: 389. 1843. Eryngium coronatum T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 604. 1840. Not E. coronatum H. & A. 1833. Slender, caulescent, glabrous annuals (?), 3-6 dm. high, from fascicled fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branched above; basal leaves obovate to oblong-lanceolate, 6—9 cm. long, 2-3 em. broad, acute at the apex, somewhat serrate or dentate, the venation reticulate; petioles slender, sheathing at the base, 0.5—2 dm. long; lower cauline leaves lanceolate, nearly sessile, laciniately toothed and spinulose with a pair of small laciniate segments at the base; upper cauline leaves ovate, palmately divided with 5-7 oblong, laciniate or pinnatifid, spinulose lobes 2-3 cm. long; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads few, rather large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads amethystine, ovoid to cylindric-ovoid, 8-15 mm. in diameter; bracts numerous, rigid, linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, spinulose-serrate, broadly winged at the base, exceeding the heads; bractlets lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, pungent, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma of a few elongate bractlets or wanting; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, pungent- acuminate; petals broadly linear, 1-1.5 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals; fruit 1-2 mm. long, densely covered with flat, tawny (?) scales, up to 0.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Texas, Drummond. DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Texas (Reverchon 2011, Tharp 2423). 34. Eryngium spiculosum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2507. 1897. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials (?), 10 dm. high, the stems erect, branching; basal leaves thin, oblong to obovate, 5—15 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, callous-margined, crenate-serrate, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles slender, sheathing at the base, 2-5 cm. long, shorter than the blades; upper cauline leaves sessile, broad, mostly opposite, palmately parted with lanceolate lobes; inflorescence divaricately trifurcate, the lateral branches elongated to form a monochasium, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous, pedicellate (?); heads globose-ovoid, 6-7 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad; bracts 5 (—8?), reflexed, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 12-25 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, pungent, entire, green beneath and green or whitish toward the base above, exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-4 mm. long, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma of 1 or 2 bractlets, 10-15 mm. long; sepals ovate, 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, mucronulate, the margins scarious; petals oblanceolate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit globose or a little longer than broad, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with fleshy, papillose, setiform scales. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Ocampo. DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero (Pringle 10,344). InLustRaATiIons: Hook. Ic. pl. 2507; Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 3. 35. Eryngium nasturtiifolium Juss.; Delar. f. Eryng. 46. 1808. Eryngium compactum Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 863. 1903. Prostrate, ascending or erect, glabrous biennials or perennials, 1-3 dm. high or long, from a fascicle of fibrous roots or a slender taproot, the stems several, leafy, branched from the base; basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, cuneate at the base, coarsely dentate to runcinate-pinnatifid, the teeth or lobes mucronulate or spinose, the vena- tion reticulate; petioles broad, winged, up to 10 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, spinose- dentate or spinose-pinnatifid; inflorescence divaricately trifurcate or cymose, the lateral branches often elongate and continuous to form a monochasium, the heads numerous, small, 280 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 28B, nearly sessile, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 5-15 mm. long, 4-8 mm. broad; bracts 5—9, rigid, spreading, subulate to linear-lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long, entire, pun- gent, about equaling the heads; bractlets lanceolate to obovate, 4-9 mm. long, broadly scarious- margined at the base, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma of several short bractlets 3-7 mm. long, resembling the bracts; sepals ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse or acute, mucronulate, serrulate toward the apex; petals oblong to obovate, 0.5-1 mm. long; styles shorter than to exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid-globose, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with elliptic to linear, white or flavescent scales up to 2 mm. long. TypEé LocALIty: ‘‘Americae meridionale,””’ Houston. DISTRIBUTION: Texas and Baja California to Mexico and Vera Cruz; Cuba. (Palmer 11,517, Pringle 4098.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 17; Hook. Ic. pl. 2581. 36. Eryngium reptans Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2543. 1897. Not E. reptans Willd.; Spreng. (nom. in syn.). 1825. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 5—13 cm. high or long, from a taproot, the stems several from the base, prostrate, branching; basal leaves obovate-spatulate, 20-25 mm. long, 8-10 mm. broad, cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, coarsely serrate, the venation reticu- late; petioles very short or obsolete; cauline leaves like the basal, oval to obovate, sessile, coarsely serrate, the upper opposite; inflorescence of divergent branches bearing solitary heads at the nodes, the heads small, numerous, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads hemispheric, 5 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-7, rigid, spreading, lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, pungent, entire or few-toothed, exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, linear-lanceolate, pungent, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 0.5-1 mm. long, acute, pungent; petals ? ; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, densely covered with small, globose scales, or the upper ovoid and subacute. TYPE LOCALITY: Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, Bernoulli & Cario 2745. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. ILLUSTRATION: Hook. Ic. pl. 2543. 37. Eryngium divaricatum H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 350. 1833. Eryngium flaccidum H. & A. Bot. Misc. 3: 350. 1833. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-3 dm. high or long, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems numerous, prostrate or ascending, branching above; basal leaves ovate to oblong, 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, pinnate or pinnately lobed, the divisions remote, nar- rowly lanceolate, acute, entire, sparsely spinulose or incised above, the venation reticulate; petioles sheathing at the base, 5-20 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the segments more crowded, petiolate; inflorescence cymosely branched, the lateral branches continuing, to form a monochasium, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads cylin- dric, 8-15 mm. long, 4-5 mm. broad; bracts very few, unequal, herbaceous, spreading, linear- subulate, 3-9 mm. long, entire, shorter than the heads; bractlets subulate, acuminate, 1-2 mm. long, about equaling the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate; petals broadly ovate, 1 mm. long; styles longer than the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1-2 mum. long, densely covered with ‘small, linear, acute scales. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tweedie. DISTRIBUTION: Argentina; introduced on the coasts of North Carolina and Florida. 38. Eryngium foetidum L. Sp. Pl. 232, in principal part, excl. sym. 1753. Eryngium antihystericum Rottb. Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 288. 1778. Eryngium foetidum f. comosum Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras. 111: 302. 1879. Eryngium foetidum {. nudum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (48): 203. 1913. Slender, caulescent, branching, glabrous biennials, 0.5-6 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems mostly solitary, erect; basal leaves thin and herbaceous, lanceolate or Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 281 oblanceolate, 3-27 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, callous- margined, crenate to finely spinulose-serrate, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles short or obsolete, broadly sheathing at the base, up to 3 cm. long; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper reduced, sessile and usually opposite, deeply spinulose-serrate to parted; inflores- cence divaricately trifurcate, the lateral branches often continuing, to form a monochasium,’ the heads numerous, small, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads cylindric, 7—11 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad; bracts 5—6, foliaceous, spreading and reflexed, lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, 2-10 mm. broad, mucronate, entire or with 1 or 2 pairs of weak marginal spines, rarely parted, green on both surfaces, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets linear or lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma conspicuous to wanting; sepals lanceolate to ovate, about 0.5 mm. long, acute, weakly mucronate; petals oblanceolate to obovate, about 0.5 mm. long; styles short, slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit globose or slightly broader than long, about 1.5 mm. long, densely papillose with globose, tawny processes. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz to Panama and the West Indies; South America. (Purpus 2030, 5916.) ILLUSTRATIONS: Vell. Fl. Flum. Ic. 3: pl. 97; Mart. Fl. Bras. 11!: pl. 79. 39. Eryngium Baldwini Spreng. Syst. 1: 870. 1825. Eryngium gracile Nutt. Gen. 1: 175. 1818. Not E. gracile Delar. f. 1808. Eryngium gracile Baldw.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 345. 1821. Not E. gracile Delar. f. 1808. Eryngium reptans Willd.; : Spreng. Syst. 1: 870, assyn. 1825. Streblanthus humilis Raf. New Fl. 4: 35. 1838. Streblanthus gracilis Raf. New Fl. 4: 36. 1838. Streblanthus tenuifolius Raf. New Fl. 4: 36. 1838. Klonion gracile Raf. New Fl. 4: 36. 1838. Klonion tenuifolium Raf. New Fl. 4:36. 1838. Eryngium filiforme Shuttl.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:78. 1852. Eryngium filiforme var. latifolium Shuttl.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 78, assyn. 1852. Eryngium Cervantesii sensu Chapm. F1. S. U.S. 160. 1860. Not E. Cervantesii Delar. f. 1808. Bone prostratum sensu Wood, Class-Book, ed. 1861. 378. 1861. Not E. prostratum Nutt. Low, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1.5—-12 dm. high or long, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems subprostrate or ascending, very slender, several, diffusely branched above, sometimes rooting at the nodes; basal leaves broadly ovate or obovate to lanceolate, 1.5—7 em. long, 15-25 mm. broad, entire, laciniate or palmately divided, crenate to serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles slender, 0.5—-7 cm. long; cauline leaves reduced, sessile or shortly petiolate, palmately 3—5-parted, the segments narrowly linear to oblanceolate, entire to sub- pinnatifid; inflorescence of elongated monochasia bearing numerous small heads on filiform axillary peduncles, the flowers few; heads ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 3-7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading, subulate, 2-6 mm. long, acute, shorter than the heads; bractlets like the bracts, linear, subulate, 1.5 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 0.8 mm. long, obtuse, mucronulate, petals light blue, oblanceolate to spatulate, 0.5 mm. long; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit globose-ovoid, about 1 mm. in diameter, densely covered with elongated white tubercles. Typr LOCALITY: Carolina, Florida, Baldwin? DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Georgia to Florida (Biltmore herb. 2359, Curtiss 1002). ILLUSTRATION: Jour. Bot. 38: pl. 411, D. 40. Eryngium prostratum Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4:92. 1830. Strebanthus auriculatus Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 1: 218. 1830. Streblanthus auriculatus Raf. Atl. Jour. 149. 1832. Streblanthus heterophylus Raf. New Fl. 4:35. 1838. Eryngium Baldwinii var. B T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 605. 1840. Eryngium prostratum var. foliosum Wood, Class-Book, ed. 1861. 378. 1861. Low, prostrate or ascending, glabrous perennials, 1.5—7 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems very slender, simple or somewhat branched above; basal leaves ovate to lanceolate, 15-55 mm. long, 7-25 mm. broad, simple or palmately lobed, the margins entire or irregularly and remotely dentate, the venation reticulate; petioles slender, 1-8 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced, clustered at the nodes, sessile upwards; inflorescence of 282 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, elongated monochasia bearing small, numerous heads on filiform axillary peduncles, the flowers few; heads often blue, ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 4-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad; bracts 5-10, foliaceous, reflexed, lanceolate, 2-12 mm. long, acute, equaling the heads; bractlets narrowly subulate, about 1 mm. long, acute, shorter than the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate to semi- orbicular, about 0.8 mm. long, obtuse, mucronulate; petals blue, obovate-spatulate, 1 mm. long; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit subglobose, 2 mm. in diameter, sparsely covered with low white tubercles. ‘TypPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In Americae bor. Territoria Arkansano,’’ Nuttall. DISTRIBUTION: Tennessee to Florida, west to Missouri and Texas (Curtiss 6814, Palmer 7484). ILLUSTRATION: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 623. 41. Eryngium Cervantesii Delar. f. Eryng. 47. 1808. . Eryngium viviparum Cerv.; Delar. f. Eryng. 47, as syn. 1808. Not E. viviparum Gay. 1848. Low, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, 6-15 cm. high, the stems numerous, procumbent; basal leaves linear to narrowly spatulate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-4 mm. broad, remotely serrate to shallowly lobed, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles slender, sheathing at the base, 0.5-2 em. long, about equaling the blades; cauline leaves short-petiolate or sessile, 3-lobed or 3—5-palmately lobed or similar to the basal and fascicled; inflorescence a monochasium with small, short-pedunculate heads solitary in the axils, often subtended by fascicles of leaves; heads globose, 3-6 mm. in diameter; bracts 5—6, rigid, spreading-ascending, lanceolate, 3-12 mum. long, pungent, entire, usually longer than the heads; bractlets like the bracts but scarious- dilated at the base, 3-4 mm. long, slightly exceeding the flowers and fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, about 1 mm. long, obtuse, apiculate; petals oval, about 0.5 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine scales ovate, up to 1 mm. long, the dorsal and lateral linear, attenuate, about equally long. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sessé & Mocino 1486. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo to Michoac4n (Gregg 806, Schumann 677). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 18, f. 1; Tratt. Ausg. Taf. pl. 330; Hook. Ic. pl. 2547. 42. Eryngium Rosei Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2579. 1899. Slender, subscapose, glabrous perennials, 0.5-3 dm. high, from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the flowering stems solitary or few, erect; basal leaves coriaceous, rosulate, oval to oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, rounded or slightly cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, densely spinose-ciliate, the cilia 2-5 mm. long, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles more or less winged, vaginate below, sheathing at the base, 1-4 cm. long, shorter or longer than the blades; cauline leaves few, like the basal, those of the inflorescence sessile, opposite or in threes; inflorescence usually simply trifurcate, the heads few, small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads deep blue, globose, 5—10 mm. long; bracts 8-12, chartaceous, stellate-spreading, oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 3-8 mm. broad, obtuse, apiculate, entire or spinosely few-toothed near the apex, blue or green beneath and white above, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets linear-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, entire, pungent, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, obtuse, mucronate; petals obovate, about 1.5 mm. long; styles short but exceeding the sepals; fruit oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long, the calycine scales lanceolate, acute, the dorsal and lateral faces papillate. TYPE LOCALITY: Between Dolores and Santa Gertrudis, and other localities, Nayarit and Zaca- tecas, Rose 2035. DISTRIBUTION: Nayarit and Zacatecas (Rose 3456, 3526). TIuLustRations: Hook. Ic. pl. 2579; Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: 123. 43. Eryngium ranunculoides Benth. Pl. Hartw. 38. 1840. Low, short-caulescent or acaulescent, glabrous perennials, 5-35 cm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems 1—many, slender, erect, simple or branching near the base; basal leaves ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, cuneate at the base, obtuse or abruptly acute at the apex, entire or obscurely and remotely crenate-serrate, callous- margined, the venation palmately reticulate; petioles narrowly winged, long-sheathing at the Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 283 base, 3-8 cm. long, exceeding the blades; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced above, sessile, opposite; heads solitary at the end of the stem or branches, rather small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads violet-blue, ovoid, 5-13 mm. long, 4-10 mm. broad; bracts 7-10, chartaceous, eventually reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute, entire or obsoletely spinulose, blue beneath and whitish above, exceeding the heads; bractlets lanceolate, 2—3 mm. long, dilated and scarious-margined at the base, acute, mucronate, equal- ing the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 1.5—2 mm. long, mucronate, entire; petals oblong-spatulate, about 1.5 mm. long; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine scales few, lanceolate, the dorsal greatly reduced. TPE Loca.ity: ‘In pascuis montanis, Anganguio,” Hartweg 294. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (State) (Pringle 4217). 44, Eryngium Ghiesbreghtii Decaisne, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 20: Dil WNSiehe hs Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials (?), 3-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of woody- fibrous roots, the stems erect, branching above; basal leaves triangular-cordate, 3.5—8 cm. long, 2.5—6 cm. broad, deeply caudate at the base, acute at the apex, finely spinulose-serrate, the venation palmately reticulate; petioles narrowly long-sheathing at the base, 5-15 cm. long, longer than the blades; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper greatly reduced, sessile, opposite; inflorescence successively trifurcate, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose, 3-5 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-8, chartaceous, ultimately reflexed, oblong-lanceolate, 6-15 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, acute, mucronate, entire, green beneath, whitish within, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets linear-subulate, 3-5 mm. long, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, acute or obtuse, mucronate, entire; petals oblanceolate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, greatly exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 1-2 mm. long, densely covered with short, ap- pressed, acute, tawny scales. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘“‘ Propre Hinchilique et Cuidad-Real,” Chiapas, Bourgeau. DisTRIBUTION: Morelos to Chiapas (Matuda 1615, Pringle 6386). 45. Eryngium Galeottii Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2510. 1897. Eryngium Ghiesbreghtii sensu Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 299. 1895. Not E. Ghies- breghtii Decaisne, 1873. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 3-9 dm. high, from a fascicle of cylindrical, tuberous roots, the stems simple or sparingly branched, erect; basal leaves lanceolate, 5—8 em. long, 0.5—2 cm. broad, cuneate at the base and tapering to the acuminate apex, callous-mar- gined, crenate or crenate-serrate, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles narrow, slender, sheathing at the base, 5-15 cm. long, exceeding the blades; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the upper reduced, alternate or opposite, narrow, sessile; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched to simple, the heads rather large, few, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid, 8-15 mm. long, 6-10 mm. broad; bracts 6-10, chartaceous, spreading to reflexed, linear-lanceolate or rarely ovate, 5-12 mm. long, 1.5-4 mm. broad, acuminate, narrowly scarious-margined at the base, entire or with mostly 2 spinulose teeth, green beneath and whitish or amethystine above, shorter than the heads; bractlets like the bracts, subulate, 4-5 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, mucronate, entire; petals oblanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; immature fruit globose, 2 mm. in diameter, the calycine scales lanceolate, small, those of the faces and angles sparse. TYPE LocaLity: Cordillera of Oaxaca at 7000 to 8000 feet, Galeotti 2767. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico to Oaxaca (Hinton 2759, Pringle 4740). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 2510; Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 3. 46. Eryngium gracile Delar. f. Eryng. 54. 1808. Eryngium longirameum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 20!: 171. 1847. Eryngium planum Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 82, in part. 1894. Not E. planum L. 1753. Eryngium paucisquamosum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2505. 1897. 284 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA ‘ [VoLUME 28B, Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 2.5—9 dm. high, from a cluster of woody-fibrous roots, the stems erect, branching above; basal leaves ovate to oblong, 3-8 cm. long, 2—5.5 em. broad, deeply cordate to rounded at the base, obtuse at the apex, callous-margined, crenate or shallowly crenate-serrate, the venation palmately reticulate; petioles narrowly sheathing at the base, 0.2-3 dm. long, usually exceeding the blades; cauline leaves few, the lower like the basal, the upper greatly reduced, sessile, opposite; heads solitary at the end of the stem or branches small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads bluish, globose, 4-7 mm. in diameter; bracts 8-12, chartaceous, ultimately reflexed, oblong or oblong-oval, 4-15 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, obtuse or abruptly acute, entire or with a few minute spinulose teeth, amethystine or glaucous above and green beneath, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 3-4 mm. long, dilated at base, entire, slightly exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, acute, mucronulate, entire; petals oblong-spatulate, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 1.5—2 mm. long, with a few small bluish lanceolate calycine scales, the dorsal scales few or none. Typ LocaLity: “In locis humidis novae Hispaniae,’”’ collector unknown. DistRIBUTION: Michoacan to Chiapas and Guatemala (Ghiesbreght 806, Pringle 4910, Skutch 1208). ILLustTRations: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 24; Hook. Ic. pl. 2505; Proc. Wash. Acad. 1: pl. 3. 47. Eryngium scaposum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 20!: 172. 1847. Eryngium Nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 300. 1895. Eryngium longipetiolatum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2504. 1897. Eryngium costaricense H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 278. 1909. Eryngium commutatum H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 306. 1910. Low, short-caulescent or acaulescent, glabrous perennials, 0.5—3 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems solitary to many, erect or ascending, slender, simple below; basal leaves rosulate, spatulate to obovate, 2-10 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, cuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex, callous-margined, crenate or crenate-serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles winged, 1-10 cm. long, shorter or longer than the blades; cauline leaves few, like the basal, the upper reduced, sessile, incised, opposite; inflorescence simple or cymosely few- branched, the heads few, small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads amethystine, sub- globose, 4-8 mm. in diameter; bracts 8-12, chartaceous, ascending, oblong to oblanceolate, 6-15 mm. long, 2-8 mm. broad, obtuse or acute, apiculate, entire or toothed near the apex, blue or greenish beneath and glaucous above, exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 2-4 mm. long, entire, acute, about equaling the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, acute or obtuse, mucronate, entire; petals oblong, 1.5—-2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit globose-ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, the calycine and lateral scales ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the dorsal scales few or wanting. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Oaxaca, 9000 feet, Galeotti 2766. DISTRIBUTION: Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas to Costa Rica (Pringle 4834, J. D. Smith 7528). ILLUSTRATIONS: Hook. Ic. pl. 2504; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (428): f. 32. 48. Eryngium Bonplandi Delar. f. Eryng. 52. 1808. Eryngium Bonplandianum H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5:25. 1821. Eryngium microcephalum Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 871. 1825. Eryngium planum Sessé & Moc. "FI. Mex. 82, in part. 1894. Not E. planum LL, 1753. Eryngium Schaffneri Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. "2545, 1897. Eryngium leptopodum Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. pl. 2546. 1897. Slender, caulescent or short-caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-5 dm. high, from a fascicle of tuberous roots, the stems solitary or few, simple or sparingly branched below the simple or trifurcate inflorescence; basal leaves oval to oblanceolate, 3—9 cm. long, 1-6 cm. broad, rounded or slightly cuneate at the base, obtuse to shortly acuminate at the apex, crenate or crenate- serrate, callous-margined, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles narrow, sheathing at the base, 2-6 cm. long, shorter than or equaling the blades; cauline leaves solitary or few, alternate, like the basal or much narrower, those of the inflorescence opposite, often incised toward the base; inflorescence simple or trifurcate, the heads few, small, pedunculate, the flowers numer- Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 285 ous; heads pale blue, ovoid to globose-ovoid, 5-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, herbaceous, spreading, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-9 mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad, acute, entire or obsoletely spinulose-serrate, green on both surfaces, exceeding the heads; bractlets similar to the bracts, subulate, 3-6 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1.5—-2 mm. long, mucronate; petals spatulate, about 1.5 mm. long; styles slender, ex- ceeding the sepals; fruit globose, 3-4 mm. long, with a few subequal calycine scales, the dorsal scales numerous to none. TypPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Nova Hispania,” probably Humboldt & Bonpland. DIsTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi to Mexico (Palmer 184, Pringle 4283). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 22; Hook. Ic. pl. 2545, 2546. 49, Eryngium planum L,. Sp. Pl. 233. 1753. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, to 10 dm. high, from a woody taproot, the stems solitary or few, remotely leafy, unbranched below; basal leaves coriaceous, oblong- oval, 10-15 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, rounded or cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, crenate to spinulose-serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles stout, 10-15 cm. long; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper palmately lobed or divided, the narrow lobes spinulose- serrate; inflorescence sparingly cymosely branched, the heads large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads bluish, ovoid or rarely subglobose, 1.5—2 cm. long, 1—-1.5 cm. broad; bracts 6-8, rigid, spreading, linear, 1.5-3 cm. long, acute, spinulose-dentate, shorter than the heads; bractlets rigid, linear, 5-6 mm. long, the lower tricuspidate, the upper pungent, entire, exceed- ing the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long, mucronate, acute or obtuse; petals ovate-oblong, 2 mm. long; styles slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, densely covered with subequal, linear, white scales up to 1 mm. long. Tyrer Loca.ity: “In Russia, Polonia, Austria, Helvetia,’ collector unknown. DistTRIBuTION: Introduced at Salem, Oregon (Thompson 4986). ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1848; Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4°): f. 3, A; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 5°: f. 2321a, 2349, 2350, 2351. 50. Eryngium maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 233. 1753. Stout and more or less fleshy, glabrous and glaucous or bluish-tinged, perennials, 2-6 dm. high, from a woody base, the stems prostrate to erect, leafy; basal leaves suborbicular-reniform, 5-15 cm. in diameter, simple or palmately incised, coarsely spinose-dentate or spinose-serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles stout, sheathing at the base, naked or spinulose-winged, 5—15 em. long; cauline leaves similar to the basal, sessile and clasping, and sometimes narrower, rhomboidal or cuneate above; inflorescence cymosely branched, the heads large, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads amethystine, ovoid or subglobose, 1-3 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 em. broad; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 2-3 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. broad, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3—5-dentate at the apex with broad triangular spinose teeth, usually exceeding the heads; bract- lets linear, 1.5 cm. long, tricuspidate, about equaling the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate- lanceolate, 5 mm. long, the very stout midrib projecting as a pungent tip; petals oblong, 4-5 mm. long; styles about equaling the sepals; fruit ovoid, 8-15 mm. long, 6-8 mm. broad, slightly compressed laterally and densely covered with subquadrate or narrower scales, the lateral 1—2 mm. long, the dorsal smaller to obsolete. ‘Type Loca.ity: ‘Ad Europae littorae arenosa maritima,” collector unknown. DiIsTRIBUTION: Adventive at Ellis Island, New York. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. icc Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 157; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel- Eur. 5*: f. 2300a, 2344, 2345, 2346, 2352; pl. 192, 51. Eryngium campestre L. Sp. Pl. 233. 1753. Stout and fleshy, glabrous and often glaucescent perennials, 2-5 dm. high, from a stout woody, fibrous-covered base bearing fleshy roots, the stems erect, leafy, freely branching above with elongate branches; basal leaves rigid, deltoid, 10-25 cm. in diameter, pinnately, ter- nately, or ternate-pinnately divided, the divisions broadly decurrent on the rachis, spinose- dentate or spinose-serrate, the venation reticulate; petioles stout, sheathing at the base, 5—25 286 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, cm. long; cauline leaves similar but usually sessile, ternate and broadly sheathing; inflorescence cymose, the heads numerous, pedunculate, rather large, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid to subglobose, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter; bracts 5—7, linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, pun- gent, entire or spinose-dentate, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets subulate, 1 cm. long, entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 2 mm. long, mucronate; petals oblong, 2—2.5 mm. long; styles shorter than the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, slightly compressed laterally and densely covered with linear to lanceolate, white, lacerate scales 1-2 mm. long. Type Loca.ity: “In Germaniae, Galliae, Hispaniae, Italiae incultis,’’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Introduced on the coasts of New Jersey, Maryland, and Alabama. ILLUSTRATIONS: Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 21: pl. 1852; Coste, Fl. Fr. 2: 157; Hegi, Fl. Mittel- Eur. 52: f. 2352b-f, 2353, 2354, 2355; pl. 192, f. 1. 52. Eryngium serratum Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 132. 1800. Eryngium Schiedeanum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 206. 1830. Slender, caulescent, branching, glabrous perennials, 2-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of woody-fibrous roots; basal leaves coriaceous, lanceolate to oblong, 4-15 cm. long, 1—2 cm. broad, long-cuneate at the base, acute or obtuse at the apex, callous-margined, coarsely spinu- lose-serrate or spinulose-dentate to subpinnatifid, the venation pinnately reticulate; petioles narrowly winged, broadly sheathing at the base, 0.2—-2 dm. long, shorter or longer than the blades; cauline leaves few, the upper greatly reduced, sessile, incised or lobed; inflorescence cymose, the heads few, pedunculate, rather large, the flowers numerous; heads greenish, sub- globose to ovoid-cylindric, 5-18 mm. long, 6-12 mm. broad; bracts 8-12, foliaceous, rigid, ascending, linear-lanceolate, 5-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute or acuminate, entire or with 1 or 2 spinose teeth, greenish on both sides, shorter than the heads; bractlets subulate, 5-6 mm. long, narrowly scarious-winged at the base, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, mucronate, entire; petals oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit subglobose, 3-5 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, white, lanceolate-acuminate scales, the lateral and calycine larger than the dorsal. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Huanajuato [Guanajuato], Nuevo-Espafia [Mexico],”’ collector unknown. DISTRIBUTION: Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi to Vera Cruz and Mexico (Pringle 3156, Schiede 282). ILLUSTRATION: Cav. Ic. pl. 554. 53. Eryngium aquaticum L. Sp. Pl. 232. 1753. Eryngium foetidum 1,. Sp. Pl. 232, in part, not as to name-bearing plants. 1753. Eryngium foetidum sensu Walt. Fl. Car. 112. 1788. Not E. foetidum 1. as to name-bearing plants. 1753. Eryngium virginianum Lam. Encyc. 4: 759. 1797. Eryngium Plukenetii Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga, 1: 582. 1821. Eryngium aquaticum sensu Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 163. 1803. Eryngium praealtum A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 210. 1850. Slender, caulescent, glabrous biennials (?), 3-12 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching above; basal leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5—4 dm. long, 0.5-7 cm. broad, acute, entire or remotely serrulate, the venation reticulate; petioles sheathing, slender, 1-3 dm. long; lower cauline leaves like the basal, the upper sessile, linear- lanceolate, 4-30 cm. long, subentire, spinulose-dentate or subpinnatifid; inflorescence cymose, the heads rather small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads ovoid-ellipsoid, 10-15 mm. long, 8-12 mm. broad; bracts 8-10, reflexed, lanceolate, 8-25 mm. long, entire, spinulose-dentate, or subpinnatifid, equaling or exceeding the heads; bractlets tricuspidate, the middle cusp elongate, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, equaling or exceeding the bractlets; petals oblong, 1-2 mm. long, with a fimbriate, subequal, inflexed apex; styles exceeding the sepals; fruit oblong, 3-4 mm. long, densely covered with flattened and appressed white scales 1-1.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia, collector unknown. DIsTRIBUTION: Atlantic Coast from New Jersey to Georgia (Canby Seu Pennell 2222). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 19; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 622. Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 287 53a. Eryngium aquaticum var. floridanum (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 382. 1941. Eryngium floridanum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 142. 1888. Plants 6-10 dm. high; basal leaves narrowly oblong, 3-15 cm. long, 1—2.5 em. broad, obtuse at the apex; petioles 1.5-3 dm. long, exceeding the blades; heads few; bracts 8-15, spreading or reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. long, longer than the heads; bractlets linear, about 6 mm. long, entire; sepals ovate; petals narrowly oblong, about 1 mm. long; immature fruit about 1 mm. long, densely covered with flat scales. TYPE LOCALITY: Brackish marshes [near Jacksonville], Florida, Curtiss. DISTRIBUTION: Florida (Curtiss 998, 4337). 53b. Eryngium aquaticum var. Ravenellii (A. Gray) Math. & Const. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 382. 1941. Eryngium Ravenellii A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.,6: 209. 1850. Eryngium Mettaueri Wood, Class-Book ed. 1861. 379. 1861. Plants 5-18 dm. high; basal leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5—3 dm. long, 0.5—1 cm, broad, acute at the apex, the blades sometimes obsolete; petioles 1-3 dm. long; cauline leaves usually bladeless, the uppermost opposite, reduced, usually toothed and incised; bracts 6-10. reflexed, narrowly lanceolate, 0.8-1.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad, about equaling the heads; bractlets oblong, 3-7 mm. long, equally tricuspidate; sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals oval, 1.5 mm. long; fruit oblong, 2-4 mm. long, the angles covered with flattened, lanceolate scales, the calycine largest and about 1 mm. long, the other scales decreasing in size and intermixed with smaller scales. Type Locatity: In flat and damp pine land, Black Oak, St. John, Berkley district, South Carolina, Ravenel. DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Georgia and Florida (Nash 2537, Rugel 276). 54. Eryngium integrifolium Walt. Fl. Car. 112. 1788. Eryngium virgatum Lam. Encyc. 4: 757. 1797. Eryngium ovalifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 163. 1803. _ Eryngium americanum “ Walt.”; Spreng. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 6: 337. 1820. Eryngium ludovicianum Morong, Bull. Torrey Club 14:51. 1887. Eryngium virgatum var. ludovicianum Morong; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 96. 1888. Eryngium integrifolium var. ludovicianum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 48. 1900. Eryngium integrifolium var. typicum H. Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (48): 160. 1913. Eryngium integrifolium var. lanceolatum H. Wolff, in Engler, Pflanzenreich 61 (4228): 161. 1913. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 3-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of tuberous or fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems solitary, erect, branching above; basal leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1.5—6 cm. long, 5-25 mm. broad, often cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, entire to shallowly crenate, the venation reticulate; petioles sheathing at the base, 1-3 em. long; lower cauline leaves like the basal but short-petiolate to sessile above, the upper- most linear, oblanceolate to ovate, acute, usually spinulose-serrate or rarely laciniate or sub- entire; inflorescence branched, the heads few, rather small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads amethystine, ovoid to globose, 5-15 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-10, rigid, linear, 1—2 em. long, entire or usually with 3-5 spiny teeth, exceeding the heads; bractlets tricuspidate, 3mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm. long, mucronate; petals oblong, about 1 mm. long; styles slender, exceeding the sepals; fruit about 2 mm. long, the angles densely covered with rows of lanceolate white scales 0.5—-1 mm. long, the surfaces usually scaleless. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably in the Carolinas, Walter. DIsTRIBUTION: North Carolina to Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas (Curtiss 6008, Heller & Heller 4089). ILLUSTRATIONS: Delar. f. Eryng. pl. 20; Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 1636. 288 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, 55. Eryngium aromaticum Baldw.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 344. 1821. Slender, caulescent, glabrous, perennials, 1.5—7 dm. high, from a long slender taproot, the stems decumbent or erect, slender, several, branching above; basal leaves narrowly ovate to obovate, 3.5—5 dm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad, pinnately parted, the three apical segments remote, ovate to lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, cartilaginous, entire, the lower segments remote, setaceous, spinulose; cauline leaves numerous, shorter, otherwise similar to the basal; inflores- cence cymose, the heads few, pedunculate, small, the flowers few; heads ovoid to globose, 5-7 mm. long, 5-8 mm. broad; bracts 5-8, similar to the leaves, 5—12 mm. long, 3-cleft, the middle segment elongate, spreading and ascending, equaling or exceeding the heads; bractlets similar, 3-5 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; sepals lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, acuminate; petals narrowly spatulate, 1.5 mm. long; styles longer than the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5-3 mm. long, densely covered with white, clavate processes. ; TYPE Loca.ity: In dry pine barrens, Florida, Baldwin? DISTRIBUTION: Georgia and Florida (Curtiss 4335, 5215). ILLUSTRATION: Bot. Gaz. 12: pl. 17, f. 121 (fr.). 56. Eryngium cuneifolium Small, Man. SE. Fl. 964. 1933. Slender, caulescent perennials, 3-9 dm. high, from a woody base, the stems numerous, slender, leafy, freely branching; basal leaves cuneate, 4.5—-5.5 cm. long, 1—2.2 cm. broad, spinose-dentate toward the base, the apex with 3-5 lanceolate, spinose, callous-margined teeth, 4-7 mm. long, the venation reticulate; petioles slender, 1-3 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, reduced and sessile above; inflorescence cymose, the heads small, numerous, peduncu- late, the flowers few; heads subglobose, 4-8 mm. in diameter; bracts cuneate, spreading or ascending, 3-8 mm. long, tricuspidate, about equaling the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 3-4 mm. long, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long, mucro- nate; petals oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long; styles slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit turbinate, 1.5—2 mm. long, densely covered with white, linear-claviform scales 0.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: About Lake Nancesomee, Florida, Small & Mosier. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Florida (Maxon 10,836). 57. Eryngium articulatum Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 232. 1847. Eryngium Harknessii Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 153. 1885. Eryngium petiolatum of authors. 1840-1900. Not E. petiolatum Hook. 1834. Eryngium articulatum var. Bakeri Jepson, Madrofio 1: 104. 1923. Stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 3-10 dm. high, from a fascicle of fleshy-fibrous roots, the stems erect, branching above; basal leaves lanceolate to ovate, 4-9 cm. long, 1.5—3 cm. broad, acuminate at the apex, entire to coarsely spinulose-serrate or incised, the venation reticulate, or the blades often obsolete; petioles elongate, septate, 1—3 (or 6) dm. long, greatly exceeding the small or abortive blades; cauline leaves similar to the basal, but sessile and re- duced upwards, often laciniate at the base, the uppermost opposite; inflorescence cymose, the heads large, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads bright blue, ovoid, 1-2 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. broad; bracts 10-15, rigid, reflexed, linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, subulate, spinose-ciliate and scarious-dilated at the base, about equaling the heads; bractlets like the bracts, tricuspidate at the apex, the middle cusp broader than the lateral, or occasionally with accessory teeth, or entire, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, acuminate, entire or occasionally with 1-2 teeth; petals obovate, 1.5—-2 mm. long; styles equaling or exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, white, acuminate, lanceolate scales 0.3-1 mm. long. 5 ae LOCALITY: Stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoe and Coeur d’ Alene lakes, Idaho 7eyer : DIsTRIBUTION: Northern Idaho to central California (Heller 11,558, Leiberg 1543) ILLUSTRATION: Jour. Bot. 38: pl. 411, B (fl.). Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 289 58. Eryngium armatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 141. 1888. Eryngium petiolatum var. armatum S. Wats.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 255. 1876. Eryngium longistylum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:55. 1900 Eryngium Harmsianum H. Wolff, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 415. 1910. Low, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 0.5—4 (or 6?) dm. high, from a fascicle of thick fibrous roots, the stems prostrate or ascending, diffusely branching from the base; basal leaves thick, rosulate, oblanceolate, 0.5-3 dm. long, 0.5-3 em. broad, tapering at the base, obtuse or acute at the apex, remotely serrate to coarsely incised with spinulose marginal teeth, the venation reticulate; petioles winged and short, or obsolete; cauline leaves like the basal, re- duced and narrower upwards; inflorescence cymose, the heads numerous, rather small, short- pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads yellowish or occasionally bluish, globose, 5-15 mm. in diameter; bracts 8-10, rigid, lanceolate, 10-20 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, callous-margined, entire or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth, often scarious-winged at the base, exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-10 mm. long, scarious-winged at the base, enfolding and exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long, acuminate, entire; petals oblong to oblanceolate, 0.5—1 mm. long; styles shorter than to considerably exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5-3 mm. long, densely covered with narrow, acute, flat, white or brown scales, the calycine longest, 0.5—-1 mm. long, or the scales obsolete below. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Monterey to Humboldt County, California, Brewer. DisTRIBUTION: Northern and central California coast; inland in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay and its estuaries (Heller 6842, Jones 2288). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 695; Madrofio 1: 107. 59. Eryngium pinnatisectum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 105. 1923. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous (or puberulent in the inflorescence) perennials, 1-4 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots; basal leaves lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, pinnatifid to the midrib, the oblong to linear-lanceolate lobes callous-margined, entire or with a few spinose teeth and short spines between the lobes, the lobes 1-4 cm. long, the venation reticulate; petioles short and broad; cauline leaves similar to the basal, reduced and sessile above; inflorescence cymose, the heads rather large, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose, 8-15 mm. in diameter; bracts 8—12, rigid, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, mucronate, callous-margined, entire or with a few spines toward the base, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-8 mm. long, entire, with an entire or toothed scarious margin at the base embracing the fruit, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, mucronate, entire; petals oblanceolate, 0.8-1 mm. long; styles slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 3 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, lanceolate-acuminate white scales 1—-1.5 mm. long. TyPeE LocaLity: Duffield Cafion, Soulsbyville, California, Jepson 7690. DISTRIBUTION: Western foothills of the central Sierra Nevada, California (Hansen 391, Hoover 2460) ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 658. 60. Eryngium petiolatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 259. 1832. Eryngium petiolatum var. juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. Slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 2-5 dm. high, from a cluster of fibrous roots, the stems erect or ascending, branching; basal leaves lanceolate to oval, 2-7 cm. long, 0.5—1 em. broad, acuminate at the apex, remotely to coarsely spinulose-serrate, the venation reticu- late, or the blades obsolete; petioles slender, elongate, septate, 1-4 dm. long, greatly exceeding the blades; cauline leaves like the basal but short-petiolate or sessile, spinulose-serrate, re- duced above; inflorescence cymose, the heads small, numerous, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose, 5-8 mm. in diameter; bracts 8—12, rigid, linear, 10-15 mm. long, subulate, obscurely callous-margined and spinose-ciliate with 4-6 spines, broadly dilated and scarious-margined at the base, about twice as long as the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-8 mm. long, with 2—5 spines, the.dilated scarious base partially enfolding the flower and fruit, 290 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 3 mm. long, acuminate, entire or rarely few-toothed; petals obovate, 1.5 mm. long; styles a little shorter than the sepals; fruit oblong- ovoid, 2 mm. long, densely covered with depressed, flat, white, lanceolate-acuminate scales, 1-1.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah [Willamette] River, Oregon, Douglas. DISTRIBUTION: Dried swales; western Oregon and contiguous Washington (Eastwood 2120, Hall 200). 61. Eryngium alismaefolium Greene, Erythea 3:64. 1895. Eryngium petiolatum var. minimum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 98. 1888. Eryngium articulatum var. microcephalum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Am. Umbell. 99. 1888. Eryngium minimum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7:54. 1900. Low, caulescent, spreading, glabrous perennials, 0.5—3 dm. high, from a fascicle of fibrous roots, the stems numerous, diffuse, branching above; basal leaves lanceolate to obovate, 3-15 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, tapering at the base, acute at the apex, coarsely spinose-serrate, incised, or pinnatifid, the venation reticulate; petioles short and broad, or some of them slender, septate, elongate, and bearing a few spinose processes, up to 3 dm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper reduced, sessile and opposite; inflorescence cymose, the heads rather small, numerous, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose, 5-10 mm. in diam- eter; bracts few, rigid, linear-lanceolate to subulate, 6-16 mm. long, pungent, spinose-ciliate and slightly dilated at the base, exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-8 mm. long, densely spinose to entire, broadly scarious-winged at the base, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long, pungent, scarious-margined; petals oblong, 1.5 mm. long; styles equaling or slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, about 2 mm. long, densely covered with depressed, acuminate, lanceolate, flat, white, subequal scales 0.5—1 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Egg Lake, Modoc County, California, Baker & Nutting. DISTRIBUTION: South-central Oregon, northern Nevada, and northeastern California (Cusick 2784, Heller 7061). 62. Eryngium racemosum Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2:659. 1936. Slender, caulescent, prostrate or decumbent, glabrous perennials, 1-3 dm. high or long, from a fascicle of woody-fibrous roots, the stems several, branching above; basal leaves lanceo- late, 2-5 cm. long, 4-8 mm. broad, acute, subentire to spinulose-serrate, the venation reticu- late; petioles slender, elongate, septate, 1-4 dm. long, greatly exceeding the blades; cauline leaves like the basal, but sessile and reduced above, opposite, spinulose-serrate; inflorescence falsely racemose, the heads small, numerous, pedunculate, the flowers rather few; heads globose-ovoid, 4-8 mm. in diameter; bracts about 8, rigid, linear, 8-10 mm. long, mucronate, spinose-serrate near the base, exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-10 mm. long, entire, mucronate, scarious-winged at the base, exceeding the fruit; coma wanting; sepals ovate, 1-1.5 mm. long, acute, mucronate, scarious-margined; petals oblanceolate, 1 mm. long; styles slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, densely covered with short, appressed, white or tawny, lanceolate-acuminate, subequal scales 0.5 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: San Joaquin City, California, Jepson 10,287. DISTRIBUTION: San Joaquin Delta, central California (Hoover 706). 63. Eryngium aristulatum Jepson, Erythea 1:62. 1893. Eryngium clon gals, Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:53. 1900. Not E. elongatum Pohl; Urban, 1879. Eryngium Jepsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:54. 1900. Eryngium oblanceolatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:56. 1900. Eryngium californicum Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. 343. 1901. Eryngium Vaseyi var. oblanceolatum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 107. 1923. Eryngium laxibracteum Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Stout or slender, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1-8 dm. high, from a fascicle of woody- fibrous roots, the stems several or few, branching freely from the base or above, the branches Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 291 erect to prostrate; basal leaves numerous, oblanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3.5-25 cm. long, 5-25 mm. broad, acuminate at the apex, finely spinulose-serrate to incised or lobed, especially in the submerged leaves, the venation reticulate, or the blades obsolete; petioles slender, elon- gate, septate, entire or spinulose, 5—25 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, but sessile and re- duced above; inflorescence cymose, the heads numerous to few, large or small, pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads globose, 5—12 mm. in diameter, the distal often much smaller than those below; bracts rigid, spreading, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5-25 mm. long (varying with the size of the heads), spinose on the margins and occasionally dorsally, somewhat scarious- winged at the base, equaling to greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, 5-15 mm. long, exceeding the fruit, with 1-3 pairs of lateral and occasionally a few short dorsal spines, or spineless, broadly scarious-winged at the base and enfolding the fruit, the wing usually ending in two free, acute, entire or toothed, ascending tips and often spinose in the sinuses; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate, 1.5—3.5 mm. long, acute or obtuse, cuspidate, entire or nearly so; petals oblanceolate, 1.5 mm. long; styles usually exceeding the sepals; fruit ovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, lanceolate-acuminate scales, the calycine up to 1 mm. long, those below decreasing rapidly in size. TYPE LOCALITY: In the dry bed of a winter lake, mountains south of Uncle Sam Mountain, Lake County, California, Jepson 14,281. DISTRIBUTION: Vernal pools and salt marshes; Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada foothills of northern California (Abrams 5747, Tracy 3777). = mi Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 696. f. 674 (as E. Vaseyi); Madrofio 1: 107(as E. aseyi). 63a. Eryngium aristulatum var. Parishii (Coult. & Rose) Math. & Const. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 386. 1941. Eryngium Parishii Coult. & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 7:57. 1900. Eryngium Jepsonii var. Parishit Jepson, Madrofio 1: 107. 1923. Plants 1-4 dm. high, the stems numerous, erect or spreading, branching above; basal leaves lanceolate to oval, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, tapering at the base, acute at the apex, coarsely spinose-serrate to pinnatifid, the lobes spinose; petioles more or less spinose, 3-15 cm. long, exceeding the blades; heads small, short-pedunculate, the flowers relatively few; heads globose, 4-8 mm. in diameter; bracts 6-8, linear-lanceolate, 5-20 mm. long, with 2-5 lateral spines on the lower half and often somewhat scarious-winged at the base, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets exceeding the fruit; sepals ovate, 1.5—-2 mm. long, mucronate, puberulent on the back; petals oblong-oval, 0.8—1 mm. long; styles equaling or exceeding the sepals; fruit densely covered with subequal scales 0.5—1 mm. long. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Oceanside, San Diego County, California, Parish 4436. Fp TA UION: San Diego County, California, to northern Baja California (Baker 1628, Chand- ter 5344). 64. Eryngium Vaseyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 142. 1888. Rather stout, caulescent, glabrous perennials, 1.5—-4 (or 6) dm. high, from a fascicle of woody-fibrous roots, the stems erect or ascending, branching above; basal leaves oblong- lanceolate to ovate, 9-25 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad, deeply pinnatifid, the segments unequal, narrow or broad, usually remote, spinulose-lobed or again pinnatifid; petioles very short, dilated, 1-4 cm. long; cauline leaves like the basal, the upper sessile, opposite; inflorescence corymbose, the heads rather small, numerous, short-pedunculate, the flowers numerous; heads subglobose, 5-10 mm. in diameter; bracts about 8, rigid, spreading, linear-subulate, 5-15 (or 25) mm. long, densely spinose with 1-5 pairs of lateral, but no dorsal spines, shorter than to greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets like the bracts, the terminal longest, 5-15 mm. long, exceeding the fruit, usually with 1-3 pairs of lateral spines or rarely entire and with a short and broad scarious wing at the base which enfolds the fruit; coma wanting; sepals lanceolate to ovate, 1-3 mm. long, acute or obtuse, mucronate, scarious-margined, entire or occasionally somewhat spinose; petals oblong, 1-1.5 mm. long; styles shorter or longer than the sepals; fruit ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, densely covered with appressed, white, subequal, lanceolate scales 0.5—1 mm. long, or the calycine scales slightly the longest. ’ 292 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, ‘TYPE LOCALITY: San Antonio River, Monterey County, California, Vasey 222. DISTRIBUTION: Vernal pools; upper Salinas and San Joaquin valleys, interior central California (Abrams 5290, Mathias 1385). 64a. Eryngium Vaseyi var. castrense (Jepson) Hoover; Math. & Const. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 387. 1941. Eryngium castrense Jepson, Madrofio 1: 108. 1923. Eryngium castrense var. vallicolum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 108. 1923. Eryngium globosum var. medium Jepson, Madrofio 1: 108. 1923. Eryngium spinosepalum var. medium Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. Plants often stouter; heads subglobose to globose-ovoid, 6-15 mm. long; bracts spread- ing, 0.8-2.5 cm. long, densely beset with dorsal as well as lateral spines scarious-winged at the base, usually greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets densely spiny and usually with some dorsal spines, 0.5—2 cm. long, greatly exceeding the fruit; sepals usually somewhat spinose. TYPE LOCALITY: Chinese Camp, Tuolumne County, California, Jepson 6319. DIsTRIBUTION: Great Valley of California (Braunton 1014, Heller 11,472). ILLUSTRATIONS: Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 696. f. 675; Madrofio 1: 108. 64b. Eryngium Vaseyi var. globosum (Jepson) Hoover; Math. & Const. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 387. 1941. Eryngium globosum Jepson, Madrofio 1: 108. 1923. Eryngium spinosepalum Mathias, Brittonia 2: 245. 1936. i) Plants often stouter; heads globose to ovoid, 8-18 mm. long; bracts spreading to slightly reflexed, 1-3 cm. long, pinnately spinose and often with some dorsal spines, greatly exceeding the heads; bractlets pinnately spinose and often with a few dorsal spines, broadly scarious-winged at the base, the wing spinose, exceeding the fruit; cama, G or some of them, pinnatifid with 3-8 spiny teeth. TYPE LOCALITY: Exeter, Tulare County, California, K. Brandegee. DISTRIBUTION: Interior of south-central California (Grant 2594, Hoover 2698). ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 661; Madrofio 1: 108. DOUBTFUL SPECIES ERYNGIUM OBLIQUATUM Raf. Herb. Raf. 52. 1833. (Nomen nudum.) ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO UMBELLIFERAE After publication of Part 1, containing the first 61 genera, the authors were privileged to see the manuscript of Dr. E. D. Merrill’s Index Rafinesquianus. The following changes are necessitated by the additional names and citations therein brought to light. Variant spellings, and names attributed to Rafinesque in the Index Kewensis but not actually published by him, are not here included. 71. SPERMOLEPIS. Add the synonyms: Lepisperma Raf. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 6: 268. 1834. Babiron Raf. New Fl. 4: 23. 1838. 72. Spermolepis divaricata. For “Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 244. 1894.” substitute: Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 217. 1830. Add the synonym: Siflora pusillum Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 217. 1830. 74. Erigenia bulbosa. Add the synonym: Erigenia Shortiana Raf. Cat. Bot. Gard. Trans. Univ. 14. 1824. (Nomen nudum.) 104. Cryptotaenia canadensis. Add the synonym: Mesodiscus simplex var. major Raf. New Fl. 4: 20. 1838. 105. OSMORHIZA. In the citation of authority for the genus, insert after ‘‘Raf.” the following: Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. 1818 (nomen nudum); Add the synonym: : Gonatherus Raf. Am. Mo. Mag. 2: 176. 1818. (Nomen nudum.) 108. Osmorhiza Claytoni. Add the synonym: Myrrhis dulcis Raf. Good Book 53, assyn. 1840. 110. TORILIS. Add the synonym: Ozotrix Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. 111. Torilis arvensis. Add the synonym: Ozotrix helvetica Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. CAUCALIS. Add the synonym: Pullipes Raf. Good Book 54. 1840. 293 294 112. 113. 114. NORTH AMERICAN FLORA DAUCUS. Add the synonym: Lophioplis Raf. New FI. 4: 26, as subg. 1838. Remove the synonym: Babiron Raf. New Fl. 4: 23. 1838. Daucus pusillus. Add the synonym: Daucus brevifolius var. filiformis Raf. New Fl. 4: 26. 1838. Remove the synonyms: Babiron pusillum Raf. New FI. 4: 23. 1838. Peltactilla aurea Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Peltactilla grandiflora Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Peltactilla hispida Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Peltactilla parviflora Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Daucus Carota. Add the synonyms: ? Daucus nudicaulis var. pumila Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus scariosus var. ramosus Raf. New FI. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus scariosus var. simplex Raf. New Fl. 4: 25. 1838. ? Daucus heterophylus var. asper Raf. New Fl. 4: 27. 1838. ? Daucus heterophylus var. laxifolius Raf. New Fl. 4: 27. 1838. ? Daucus helerophylus var. fumaroides Raf. New Fl. 4: 27. 1838. Remove the synonyms: Ballimon muricatum [“nuricatum”’] Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Ballimon maritimum Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. Before 28. ANTHRISCUS insert: DOUBTFUL SPECIES Daucus TENUIFOLIUS Raf. Herb. Raf. 69. 1833. (Nomen nudum.) 115. Anthriscus scandicina. 117. 118. a19s Add the synonym: Antriscus fetidus Raf. Good Book 52. 1840. CHAEROPHYLLUM. Add the synonym: Polgidon Raf. Good Book 53. 1840. Chaerophyllum temulum. Add the synonym: Polgidon temulum Raf. Good Book 53. 1840. Chaerophyllum bulbosum. Add the synonym: Polgidon bulbosum Raf. Good Book 53. 1840. Chaerophyllum procumbens. Add the synonyms: ? Cherophylum flavicaule Raf. Herb. Raf. 78. 1833. ? Cherophylum pallidum Raf. Herb. Raf. 78. 1833. ? Cherophylum triflorum Raf. Herb. Raf. 79. 1833. [VOLUME 28B, Part 2, 1945] UMBELLIFERAE 295 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Insert: CHEROPHYLLUM VERNUM Raf. Cat. Bot. Gard. Trans. Univ. 13. 1824. (Nomen nudum.) 125. Musineon divaricatum. Add the synonym: Marathrum crassifolium Raf. Herb. Raf. 40. 1833. 129. APIUM. Add the synonyms: Laoberdes Raf. Good Book 50. 1840. Lavera Raf. Good Book 50. 1840. s 131. Apium repens. Add the synonym: Laoberdes repens Raf. Good Book 50. 1840. Apium nodiflorum. : Add the synonym: Lavera nodiflora Raf. Good Book 50. 1840. 133. Pimpinella Anisum. Add the synonym: Anisum odoratum Raf. Good Book 52. 1840. 136. Bupleurum Fontanesii. Add the synonym: ? Orimaria filiformis Raf. Bull. Bot. Seringe 218. 1830. 138. Ammi Visnaga. Add the synonym: Visnaga vera Raf. New Fl. 4: 28. 1838. 139. Falcaria sioides. In the citation of the synonym Ammi Falcaria Borner, insert the page number 487. 152. Sium suave. Add the synonyms: Sium heterophylum Raf. Herb. Raf. 69. 1833. (Nomen nudum.) Siumis heterophyla Raf. New Fl. 4:31. 1838. J Vaeeue Akt AS TI in te 4airin ars Ber , é = > ¢ UP) iv omy ahee 4 oe'S TUL ae © SU ALi eo ot ‘ : 7 Cy byl 2 ; i AG Ea fea ad mee ‘\ ned est UI 9 has fh vel 14h) mais t ; i>@ame - chi Vi ie oe i + ARAT ne tte git) abil > : o ini itt, : re ; 7 : ’ = = nh ee oe ie 4 lve t ir i* — er a.’ laa [aay ee all il i ae * inéhee! 2 i : re : itd i) ewer ce - : (vive AACE is he, 4 |) es *¢ 7 Mer hy Sir yy, har e6fiso ary allt 58 Lhe ime bares laos ik? Haat reel, Abdi hee Flag ast 1 Nil ects a he ae if - z : AVAIPS Be Ve HGRA AH vn ae, uenianek v4 hE 7 Aes wy eae °° teendiea wert 7 6h) aM dw hea! Meas i . 7 (ie'4 eae) ay Yet Ys See i) Siht Rise a oa si — ne Mascey 98 Ahem ee ae! i) aPao - A ded Say Dae a: Order CORNALES By HarouD WILLIAM RICKETT Trees and shrubs, or rarely subherbaceous. Leaves simple, opposite or alternate, usually lacking stipules. Inflorescence cymose, or in a few genera racemose. Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious, actinomorphic, small. Calyx small, sometimes obsolete. Petals free. Perianth borne on an hypanthium (calyx-tube), the inferior ovary (or the sterile receptacle) surmounted by a glandular disc or ring. Ovary with 1—4 (rarely 10) locules; styles 1 or several. Ovules solitary, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit usually a drupe. Embryo sur- rounded by endosperm. An artificial order, the affinities of its families (which have often been at- tached to the Umbelliferae) as yet undetermined. Leaves (in North American species) opposite, or if alternate clustered at the ends of the season’s growth; flowers (in North American species) hermaphrodite, 4-merous, the petals valvate; ovary bilocular. Family 1. COoRNACEAE. Leaves alternate; flowers dioecious, 5-merous, the petals imbricate; ovary unilocular. Family 2. NvyssACEAE. 297 ’ rt Nn ~ i r . x ; ; ) oy \ } 7 ; Ad . 7 } o ‘ . = 5 , - ¥ ' a my an) iin i, : ne 7 7 . gi 4 ie i i 7 ‘ a a y 4 > " \ x" ' ' ‘ eA .] ry el FT ; \ j . a WAL CE b ak | Ae ‘ : ie Yone . 4 > J ¥ hue 4 yd ne hes ict Aa RR ane? ANE ke YS Wbe ik Berita Mee ; bdators ngR a ‘ ae VENT at Ay ea ae UM eT GARRET A : i 4 <4 . T= \ a Fee PRS AS 11571 aaa es? PEA aly yt == \@ u ; , ; aL sith i Ligehhs yi To ee ais pte. doje etleee th (baie) Pet ee ere Gee iettsal 6x ie Pia et ‘ ‘Werke ail ue: peated BAT gs Nha ore 240 Puro tee Sa 4 » + :) tihatey Agee rl star (etal peter Atti: ‘8 i : ie Ya ; : eae va tN goilieehl 4!) io esuakle wi) Aco ee ittotnrie lites be 2 an eA sak ae ae E ta) Vip tek paes (He Via, liege yh neg tea Ta 4 oy ete Tela pee 3 te Pgs et SILT? ak ha ACRE er) oo ek et, yeian Sinan af ies oS Oe eared ‘fina’ ; : i) Family 1. CORNACEAE By Haroip WILLIAM RICKETT Trees and shrubs, or rarely subherbaceous. Leaves opposite or alternate, mostly petiolate, estipulate except Helwingia. Inflorescence a cyme (often reduced), a panicle, or rarely a raceme. Flowers small, white or yellowish or sometimes red or blue, mostly hermaphrodite. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5 (rarely lacking), valvate. Stamens of the same number as the petals and al- ternate with them. Anthers introrse, basifixed or dorsifixed. Styles 1 or several, arising from an epigynous glandular disc or ring. Ovary inferior, 1—4-locular. Ovule with 1 integument. Fruit a drupe (rarely a berry), the endocarp 1—4-locular (or rarely with 2-4 pyrenes). Embryo surrounded by copious endosperm. CORNUS L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5.54. 1754. Chamaepericlymenum Hill, Brit. Herb. 331. 1756. Cynoxylon Raf. Alsog. 59. 1838. (As genus or subgenus ?) Eukrania Raf. Alsog. 59. 1838. (As genus or subgenus ?) Benthamidia Spach, Hist. Vég. 8: 106. 1839. Svida Opiz, Seznam 94. 1852 (nomen nuda) Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 853. 1903. Cornella Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 190 Macrocarpium Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 38. © 909. Arctocrania Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 39. 1909. Benthamia Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1579. 1833, emend. Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 40. 1909. Not Benthamia Richard, 1828; nor Lindl. 1830. Mesomora Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 487. 1916. Ossea Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 487. 1916. Trees and shrubs and 2 species with herbaceous shoots from a woody rhizome. Leaves opposite, or rarely alternate and clustered toward the ends of the branchlets, entire, usually petiolate; veins usually arising toward the base of the blade and curving so as to parallel the margin; lower surface commonly covered with a cuticle which may form a fine network, fre- quently with small papillae visible through a hand magnifier. Trichomes usually present on leaves and branchlets, varying between two extremes: forked and appressed, and simple and more or less erect and curling. Inflorescence a cyme, usually ebracteate, in some species simulating an umbel or capitule and then often subtended by a more or less petaloid involucre. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 4, small, united at the base to form a shallow cup. Petals 4, valvate, spreading or revolute. Stamens 4, the anthers dorsifixed, versatile. Style 1, arising from a carnose ring, the stigma capitate. Ovary bilocular. Drupe usually bilocular but frequently 1-seeded. Type species, Cornus mas L,. Flowers in a cyme lacking bracts, appearing with or after the foliage, Leaves all opposite; endocarp not pitted at the apex. Sepals shorter than the hypanthium; style not dilated beneath the stigma except in a Mexican species; endocarp smooth or nearly so except in a white-fruited species; drupes white or blue. Veins usually 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib. Leaves minutely papillose on the under surface; pith of the branchlets brown or white; drupes white on red pedicels. Cyme thyrsoidal; leaves strigillose beneath with appressed trichomes, smooth above, lanceolate; petioles about 0.5 cm. long. s A 1. C. racemosa. Cyme flat or convex; leaves villose beneath with curling tri- chomes, scabrid above, ovate; petioles 1-2 cm. long. 3. C. Drummondi. 299 300 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Leaves not papillose on the under surface; pith of the branchlets white; drupes blue or bluish. Petioles 5 mm. long or less; styles 2 mm. long; drupes about 4 mm. in diameter; southeastern United States. Petioles mostly 5—15 mm. long; styles more than 2 mm. long; drupes 6 mm. or more in diameter. Leaves paler beneath; petioles about 5 mm. long; veins prominent, smoothly curving to the apex of the leaf; leaves long-acuminate; style often dilated beneath the stigma; cyme congested, often almost capituliform; Mexico. Leaves scarcely paler beneath; petioles 5-15 mm. long; veins less prominent, often irregularly curved; cyme ample, umbelliform. Petals 3.5-4 mm. long; petioles 10 mm. long or more; branches erect; southeastern and south-central United States. Petals 4-5 mm. long; petioles usually less than 10 mm. long; branches often pendulous; California. Veins usually 4 or more on either side of the midrib; pith of the branchlets white. Veins 4-7 on either side of the midrib; leaves lanceolate or ovate; drupes white except in a Mexican species. Pith about half the diameter of the branchlet; veins com- monly 5—7 on either side of the midrib; drupes and anthers white; United States and northern Mexico. Style less than 2.5 mm. long; petals 2-3 mm. long; cyme and under surface of the leaves variously pubescent but not densely hirsute; endocarp smooth, usually as long as broad or longer. Style 2.5 mm. long or longer; petals 3-4 mm. long; cyme and under surface of the leaves densely hirsute; endo- carp ridged, usually broader than long; western United States. Pith less than half the diameter of the branchlet; drupes and anthers blue; veins commonly 4 or 5 on either side of the midrib; Mexico. Veins about 8 on either side of the midrib; leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, villose beneath; drupes blue; eastern United States. Sepals as long as the hypanthium; style dilated beneath the stigma; drupes blue; endocarp ridged; pith of the branchlets brown; eastern United States. Pubescence on the under side of the leaves partly spreading, often ferruginous on the veins, and on the branchlets; leaves not papil- lose on the under surface, generally ovate, often rounded at the base. Pubescence on the under side of the leaves appressed, usually white; leaves minutely papillose on the under surface, lanceolate, gen- erally cuneate at the base. Leaves mostly alternate and clustered toward the ends of the branchlets, broadly ovate to obovate; veins usually 4 or 5 on either side of the mid- rib; cyme ample, its branches often alternate; drupes usually blue; en- docarp pitted at the apex. Flowers in a sympodial capitule or umbel (a congested cyme), subtended by deciduous or persistent bracts, appearing usually before the foliage in woody species; drupes red or almost black. Trees and shrubs; drupes ellipsoid. Bracts of the involucre deciduous at anthesis, leaving a disc-like rim beneath the capituliform cyme; leaves elliptic, subcoriaceous; veins 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib and equally spaced along it; Mexico. Bracts of the involucre persistent through anthesis, conspicuous and petaloid except when the cyme is umbelliform; leaves ovate to elliptic and obovate; veins 4 or more on either side of the midrib, 3 or more arising from its basal half. Bracts of the involucre 1-1.5 cm. long, scarcely petaloid; cyme sinbellitcr drupes on slender hairy pedicels; western United tates. Bracts of the involucre 5 cm. long or longer, petaloid; cyme capituli- form; drupes sessile. Bracts of the involucre usually 4; drupes 1—8 in a cluster. Bracts obcordate, 2-4 cm. broad; drupes usually 4-8 in a cluster; eastern United States. Bracts linear, acute, about 2 cm. broad; drupes usually 1-3 in a cluster; Mexico. WZ, 10. iit, 13. ili 14: 16. 16. [VOLUME 28B, C. asperifolia. C. excelsa. C. stricta. C. glabrata. C. stolonifera. . C. occidentalis. . C. lanceolata. C. rugosa. C. Amomum,. C. Purpusi. C. alternifolia. C. disciflora. C. sessilis. C. florida. C. florida subsp. urbiniana. Part 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 301 Bracts of the involucre 4-8, obovate, acute; drupes many in a compact berry-like cluster 2.5—3 cm. across; western United States. 17. C. Nuttalli. Stems herbaceous from woody rhizomes; drupes globose. Leaves apparently whorled at the tip of the stem, with usually a pair of scale-like leaves on the stem below (these often foliaceous) ; veins arising from the midrib near its base; leaves short-petiolate; flowers usually yellowish, sometimes red or purplish; endocarp smooth, often unilocular. 15. C. canadensis. Leaves in several pairs along the stem; veins usually arising from the base of the leaf-blade; leaves sessile; flowers blue or purplish; endocarp lightly grooved, bilocular. 19. C. suecica. Section Thelycrania Endl. Gen. 1: 798. Mr 1839. Subg. Kraniopsis Raf. Alsog. 58. 1838. Subg. Mesomera Raf. Alsog. 58. 1838. Sect. Microcarpium Spach, Hist. Vég. 8: 92. O 1839. Subsect. Bothrocaryum Koehne, Gartenflora 45: 285. 1896. Subsect. Amblycaryum Koehne, Gartenflora 45: 286. 1896. Albidae Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12:34. 1903. Paniculatae Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 34. 1903. Nigrae Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 35. 1903. Corynostylae Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 35. 1903. Subg. Thelycrania C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: 437. 1909. Sect. Bothrocaryum Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (4°): 49. 1910. Sect. Amblycaryum Wanger. in Engler, Pflan- zenreich 41 (4%): 52. 1910. Shrubs and small trees; inflorescence an ebracteate cyme, appearing with or after the foliage; flowers white or cream-colored; drupes globose, black, blue, red, or white. 1. Cornus racemosa Lam. Encye. 2: 116. 1786. Cornus candidissima Marsh. Arbust. 35. 1785. Not C. candidissima Mill. 1768. Cornus citrifolia Hort.; Lam. Encyc. 2: 116, assyn. 1786. Not C. citrifolia Weston, 1770. Cornus paniculata L,)Hér. Cornus 9. 1788. Cornus albida Ehrh. Beitr. 4:16. 1789. Cornus paniculata albida Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 109. 1814. Cornus paniculata radiata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 109. 1814. Cornus comosa Raf. Alsog. 63. 1838. Cornus oblongata Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 254, assyn. 1893. Cornus gracilis Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12:36. 1903. Svida candidissima Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 853. 1903. Svida foemina Rydb. Brittonia 1:94. 1931. Doubtfully C. foemina Mill. 1768. Svida racemosa Moldenke, Boissiera 7:3. 1943. Shrubs, often forming dense thickets by proliferation from the roots; branchlets red, becoming light grey, the pith usually brown but often white; leaf-blades commonly 4-8 cm. long, 1-4 em. broad, lanceolate to elliptic, acuminate to an obtuse tip, cuneate at the base, on plants growing in the open often subcoriaceous and in late summer suffused with crimson, sparsely strigillose on both surfaces, the under surface paler and bearing papillae barely discernible through a hand magnifier; veins usually 3 on either side of the midrib and about equally spaced along it; petioles about 5 mm. long; inflorescence 2.5—5 cm. across, more or less thyrsoidal, the primary branches commonly opposite on a central axis, essentially glabrous, becoming bright red; pedicels mostly 1-4 mm. long; hypanthium grey-strigillose; sepals 0.5 mm. long; petals 3 mm. long; style 2-2.5 mm. long; drupes at first lead-colored, becoming white, about 5 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 4 mm. broad, usually slightly shorter than broad, slightly compressed, more or less oblique, 1- or 2-seeded. TYPE Loca.ity: “Jardin du Roi,” Paris. . DISTRIBUTION: Maine to Minnesota, south to Florida, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, and north- western Arkansas. ILLusTrations: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 545; ed. 2. 2: 663; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 109; Emer- son, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 1/5; Keeler, North. Shrubs 253; L’Hér. Cornus pl. 5; Torr. Fl. N. Y. pl. 41; E. H. Wilson, More Aristocr. pl. facing 226. Nore: Plants have several times been described (C. paniculata radiata Pursh, C. comosa Raf.) whose cyme formed leafy branches in place of flowers. X Cornus Arnoldiana Rehder (in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 79. 1903) is a hybrid between C. racemosa and C. Purpusi. See also under Cornus stricta. 2. Cornus stricta Lam. Encye. 2: 116. 1786. Cornus canadensis Hort.; Lam. Encyc. 2: 116, assyn. 1786. Not C. canadensis L,. 1753. ? Cornus coerulea Meerb. Pl. Select. pl. 3. 1789. Not C. caerulea Lam. 1786. Cornus cyanocarpos J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 257. 1791. Not C. cyanocarpus Moench, 1785. Svida stricta Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 853. 1903. 302 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Shrubs and small trees to 3 m. high (according to Curtiss); branchlets reddish, becoming grey or greenish, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 5—9 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, elliptic to oblanceolate, abruptly acuminate to an obtuse tip, cuneate at the base, minutely and sparsely strigillose or glabrate on both surfaces, the under surface lighter green, not papillose; veins usually 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib; petioles commonly I1—1.5 cm. long; inflorescence 4—6 cm. across, commonly flat, the 2—4 primary branches more or less closely clustered without an evident central axis, glabrous or minutely hirtellose; pedicels mostly 2-6 mm. long; hypan- thium grey-strigillose; sepals 0.7 mm. long; petals 3.5—4 mm. long; style 2.5-3 mm. long; anthers blue; drupes pale steel-blue, 6 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 5 mm. broad and long (occasionally longer), usually oblique, 1- or 2-seeded. TYPE LocaLity: “Jardin du Roi,”’ Paris. DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Florida, chiefly on the coastal plain; Kentucky to southeastern Missouri and Arkansas, south to Alabama and Louisiana. ILLustrRations: Addisonia 8: pl. 263; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 546; ed. 2. 2: 663; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 106; LHér. Cornus pl. 4; Meerb. Pl. Select. pl. 3 (?). NortE: This species hybridizes with Cornus racemosa, especially in the western parts of its range, yielding segregates which can be assigned to neither species. 3. Cornus Drummondi C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 20. 1845. Cornus asperifolia B ? T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 651. 1840. Cornus asperifolia sensu A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 161. 1856; and later authors. Not C. asperifolia Michx. 1803. Cornus asperifolia var. Drummondi Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 36. 1890. Svida asperifolia Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 854. 1903. Shrubs and small trees to 15 m. high; branchlets hirtellose, at first green, becoming brown and finally grey, the pith brown; leaf-blades commonly 5—12 cm. long, 2—7 cm. broad, lanceolate to ovate, abruptly acuminate, cuneate at the base or sometimes truncate or cordate, greyish- green, the upper surface scabrid with minute appressed forked trichomes, the under surface scarcely paler, minutely papillose, short-villose with curling trichomes; veins usually 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib, 3 arising from its basal half; petioles 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence 4-7 em. across, flat or somewhat convex, the lower 2 primary branches commonly separated from the upper by a short internode, sometimes appearing dichotomous, the branches and peduncle pubescent with both appressed and spreading (often ferruginous) trichomes, in fruit bright red; pedicels mostly 1.5—-4 mm. long; hypanthium pale with usually appressed but sometimes spread- ing pubescence; sepals 0.8-1 mm. long; petals 4-4.5 mm. long, densely pubescent dorsally; style 3-4 mm. long; drupes white, about 6 mm. in diameter, the endocarp often oblique, somewhat depressed, 4-5 mm. broad and nearly as thick, 1- or 2-seeded. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: New Orleans, Louisiana. DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ontario, Ohio, and Kentucky, west to Nebraska and Kansas, south to Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 544; ed. 2. 2: 662; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 107; Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 360, 361; Keeler, North. Shrubs 249; Sarg. Man. 788; Sarg. Silva 14: pl. 529. (All as Cornus asperifolia.) Cornus Drummondi f. Priceae (Small) Rickett, Bull. Torrey Club 72: 223. 1945. Cornus Priceae Small, Torreya 1:54. 1901. Svida Priceae Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 854. 1903. Petals 3.5 mm. long; style 2.5 mm. long; drupes 3 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 2 mm. broad and high. Typr LocaLity: On bluffs of the Barren River, near Bowling Green, Kentucky. DisTRrBuTION: Known only from the type locality. 4. Cornus asperifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:93. 1803. Cornus sericea y asperifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 272. 1830. Cornus excelsa y Beyrichiana C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 27. 1845. Cornus stricta B asperifolia Feay; Wood, Class-Book ed. 1861. 392. 1861. Cornus microcarpa Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 23: 103. 1896. Svida microcarpa Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 853. 1903. Shrubs; branchlets sparsely and minutely scabrid, at first green, becoming grey sometimes tinged with red, the pith white; leaf-blades mostly 3-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. broad, elliptic, abruptly acuminate, cuneate at the base, greyish-green, scabrid on both surfaces with minute curling or sometimes appressed usually forked trichomes, scarcely paler beneath, not papillose; veins usually 2-4 on either side of the midrib and equally spaced along it; petioles about 5 mm. long Parr 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 303 or shorter, hirtellose; inflorescence 2—5 cm. across, convex, the usually 4 primary branches clustered, or often separated in 2 groups by a short internode, strigillose or hirtellose; pedicels mostly 1-3 mm. long; hypanthium pale-strigillose or hirtellose; sepals 0.5 mm. long; petals 2.5-3 mm. long, strigillose dorsally; anthers blue; style 2 mm. long; drupes pale blue, about 5 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 3 mm. broad and long, slightly compressed. TYPE LOCALITY: South Carolina. i DISTRIBUTION: South Carolina to Florida and (?) Alabama, on the coastal plain. 5. Cornus glabrata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 18. 1844. Cornus costulata Jepson, Fl. W. Middle Calif. ed. 2. 306. 1911. Svida glabrata A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 273. 1914. (Nomen nudum.) Svida catalinensis Millsp. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 5: 189. 1923. Shrubs, often forming thickets; branchlets brown or reddish, becoming light brown and finally greyish, the pith white; branches sometimes elongated and pendulous; leaf-blades com- monly 3—5 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 cm. broad, lanceolate or elliptic, acute, cuneate at the base, almost glabrous on both surfaces, grey-green, the under surface scarcely paler, not papillose; veins 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib and about equally spaced along it; petioles mostly 3-7 mm. long; inflorescence 2.5—4.5 cm. across, flat or somewhat convex, the 3 or 4 primary branches usually clustered but a short central axis sometimes evident, the peduncle almost glabrous, the ultimate branches strigillose; pedicels 2-3 mm. long, strigillose; hypanthium strigillose; sepals 0.8 mm. long; petals 4.5-5 mm. long; style 3.5 mm. long; drupes white or bluish, 9 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 5—6 mm. broad, smooth, oblique. TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco, California. DISTRIBUTION: Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon and California, southward in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, and in the Coast Range to Santa Barbara County. 6. Cornus excelsa H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 430. 1820. Cornus tolucensis H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 430. 1820. Cornus pubescens Willd.; R. & S. Syst. Veg. Mant. 3: 252. 1827. ? Cornus excelsa a schiedeana C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 27. 1845. ? Cornus excelsa 8 Hartwegiana C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 27. 1845. Cornus mexicana Carr. Rev. Hortic. 47: 430. 1875. Cornus declinata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 29. 1893. Large shrubs and small trees to 5 m. high (according to Hinton); branchlets sparsely strigil- lose or hirtellose, dark red or brown, becoming grey, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 5-12 em. long, 2.5—5 em. broad, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, long-acuminate, cuneate, rounded, or subcordate at the base, sparsely and minutely strigillose above, paler beneath and pubescent with short curling trichomes (these often brown or reddish on the veins), or appressed-pubescent with forked trichomes, or almost glabrous; veins 2 or 3 on either side of the midrib, arising from its basal half, prominent; petioles 5—15 mm. long, sparsely hirtellose; inflorescence usually 1.5—3 cm. across, compact, convex, almost capituliform, or sometimes more ample and umbelliform, the peduncle and branches hirtellose or strigillose; flowers crowded on short pedicels mostly 1-3 mm. long; hypanthium 1.5—2 mm. high, strigillose; sepals less than 0.5 mm. long; petals 3 mm. long, pubescent dorsally; style 2.5-3 mm. long, often dilated beneath the stigma; anthers blue or the connective; drupes at first whitish, becoming blue, about 8 mm. in diameter, the endocarp about 4 mm. in diameter, smooth. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: Between Chalco and Mexico, Distrito Federal. DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi and Sinaloa to Guatemala and Honduras. Nore: The great variability of this species indicates that it is a complex as yet insufficiently collected and not yet analyzed into its component parts. 7. Cornus lanceolata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 8:55. 1903. Shrubs; branchlets sparsely hirtellose or glabrous, dark red or brown, becoming grey, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 5.5—11 cm. long, 3—-5.5 cm. broad, broadly ovate, long-acu- minate, cuneate to rounded or subcordate at the base, almost glabrous above, paler beneath and 304 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 288, pubescent with scattered curling hairs, not papillose; veins prominent, usually 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib, 3 arising from its basal half; petioles 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence an ample cyme, usually 5 cm. across, the peduncle and branches hirtellose or strigillose; pedicels generally 1-3 mm. long; hypanthium strigillose; sepals 0.5 mm. long; petals 4-5 mm. long; style 3-4 mm. long, usually cylindrical but sometimes dilated beneath the stigma; drupes blue, the endocarp smooth. TYPE LOCALITY: Near Jalapa, Vera Cruz. DISTRIBUTION: Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, and Chiapas. Nore: This species is part of the complex centering in Cornus excelsa; plants intermediate between the two occur, and it is probable that these are the result of hybridization. 8. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:92. 1803. Cornus sericea 1,. Mant. 199, in part. 1771. (Nomen ambiguum.) Not C. sericea sensu Willd. 1797; Pursh, 1814; T. & G. 1840; and most others. Cornus sanguinea sensu Marsh. Arbust. 36. 1785. Not C. sanguinea L. 1753. Cornus alba sensu Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 109. 1814. Not C. alba L. 1753. Cornus Purshii G. Don, Hist. 3: 399. 1834. Cornus silvestris Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 28. 1893. Cornus Nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:54. 1903. Suida stolonifera var. riparia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 573. 1904. Cornus alba subsp. stolonifera Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (4% 29). O32) 1910s Cornus instoloneus A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 53: 224. 1912. Cornus stolonifera riparia Visher, Bull. S. Dak. Geol. & Biol. Surv. 5: 101. 1912. Svida sel gniiera A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3.273. 1914 (nomen nudum); Rydb. Brittonia 1: 94. 1931. Ossea instolonea Nieuwl. & Lunell; Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 487. 1916. Svida instolonea Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 635. 1917. Cornus sericea subsp. stolonifera Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 587. 1942. Cornus sericea {. stolonifera Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 587. 1942. Spreading shrubs, the branches often procumbent and rooting at the tips (‘‘stoloniferous’’) ; branchlets strigillose, bright red, the white pith occupying half the diameter; leaf-blades com- monly 5—9 em. long, 1.5—5 cm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic and ovate, acute or acuminate, cu- neate at the base, nearly glabrous above, the under surface strigillose, villose-tufted in the axils of the veins, minutely papillose; veins commonly 5-7 on either side of the midrib, usually 4 or 5 arising from its basal half; petioles commonly 5—7 mm. long; inflorescence 3-6 cm. across, rather flat, the primary branches clustered, strigillose to hirtellose; pedicels mostly 1-5 mm. long; hypanthium 1.5 mm. high, grey-strigillose; sepals 0.5 mm. long; petals 2-3 mm. long; style about 2 mm. long; drupes white, 7-9 mm. in diameter, the endocarp smooth on the faces, furrowed laterally, 4-5 mm. broad, usually oblique and somewhat longer than broad. TYPE Loca.ity: “‘Canada.”’ DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland to southern New York, west to Alaska and California, south in the Rocky Mountains to Nuevo Leén, Durango, and Chihuahua. InLustRations: Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild FI. 341; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 545; ed. 2. 2: 662; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 105; Keeler, North. Shrubs 251; Kirkwood, N. Rocky Mt. Trees & Shrubs f. 54. pl. 30; M.-Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 409 Nore: Many hybrids have been noted between Cornus stolonifera and other species. XX Cornus acadiensis Fernald (Rhodora 43: 411. 1941) is a hybrid between C. stolonifera and C, alternifolia. For hybridization with C. occidentalis, see under the latter species X Cornus californica. Cornus stolonifera f. Baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Rickett, Brittonia 5: 159. 1944. Cornus Baileyi Coult.. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 37. 1890. Cornus alba subsp. Baileyi Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (422%): 55. 1910. Svida Baileyi Rydb. Brittonia 1:94. 1931. Cornus stolonifera var. Baileyi Drescher, Trans. Wis. Acad. 28: 190. 1933. Cornus sericea f. Baileyi Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 588. 1942. Branches not rooting at the tips; under surface of the leaves bearing curling erect trichomes-mixed with the forked appressed trichomes, especially on the early growth of the season; drupes more oblique, usually broader than long. TYPE LOCALITY: South Haven, Michigan. DistrrBuTION: Around the Great Lakes and eastward in the St. Lawrence Valley. ILLUSTRATIONS: Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 104; Keeler, North. Shrubs 255. Cornus stolonifera f. interior (Rydb.) Rickett, Brittonia 5: 159. 1944. Swida interior Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31:572. 1904. Cornus interior N. Petersen, Fl. Nebr. 163. 1912. Ossea interior Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 5: 239. 1918. Cornus stolonifera var. interior St. John, Fl. SE. Wash. 303. 1937. Cornus sericea {. interior Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 588. 1942. Leaves as in the pre- ceding form; branchlets and peduncles densely short-tomentose. TypE LocaLity: Dismal River, Nebraska. ‘DISTRIBUTION: Alaska to eastern Washington, Colorado, and Nebraska. Part 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 305 9. Cornus occidentalis (T. & G.) Coville, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893. Cornus circinnata sensu Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 139. 1828. Not C. circinata L’Hér. 1788. Cornus alba B Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 276. 1833. Cornus alba var. B circinnata G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 399. 1834. Not C. circinata LHér. 1788. Cornus sericea B ? occidentalis T. & G. Fl. N. Am. 1: 652. 1840. Cornus pubescens Nutt. Sylva 3:54. 1849. Not C. pubescens Willd. 1827. Svida pubescens Standley, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 56%; 3. 1912. Cornus californica var. pubescens F. MacBr. Contr. Gray Herb. 56:54. 1918. Cornus sericea subsp. occidentalis Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 589. 1942. Cornus sericea £. occidentalis Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69: 589. 1942. Shrubs; branchlets usually dark red, more or less hirsute, the white pith occupying half the diameter; leaf-blades commonly 6-10 cm. long, 3—5 cm. broad, lanceolate or ovate to elliptic, short-acuminate, broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate at the base, sparsely strigillose above, paler and tomentose beneath, minutely papillose; veins commonly 5 or 6 on either side of the midrib, usually 4 arising from its lower half; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long, variously pubescent; inflorescence 4-6 cm. across, flattish, the lower 2 primary branches often separated by a short internode from the remainder, the peduncle and branches hirsute; pedicels 4-7 mm. long, sparsely or densely villose; hypanthium 2 mm. high, grey-strigillose; sepals 0.7 mm. long; petals 3-4 mm. long; style 2.5—3 mm. long; drupes white, about 8 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 4-5 mm. long and rather broader, often oblique, marked with 3 often broad and low ridges on each face and furrowed laterally. TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco, California. DISTRIBUTION: Southern British Columbia to southern California, eastward in the valley of the Columbia River. ILLUSTRATION: Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 753. & Cornus californica C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 30. 1845. Cornus Torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 145. 1876. Cornus Greenei Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15:36. 1890. Cornus pubescens var. californica Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15: 37. 1890. Svida colfornice Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 429. 1910. Svida Greenei A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 273. 1914, (Nomen nudum.) Svida Torreyi A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 273. i914. (Nomen nudum.) Cornus californica var. nevadensis Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 733. 1925. Cornus stolonifera var. californica MeMinn, Ill. Man. Calif. Shrubs 377. 1939. Cornus sericea f. californica Fosberg, Bull. Torrey Club 69:589. 1942. Under this name are included segregates from hybridization between C. occidentalis and C. stolonifera, which exhibit the pubescence, the dimensions of the flowers, and the shape and sculpturing of the endocarps of these two species in most of the possible combinations. ‘They are commonly more sparsely pubescent than typical C. occidentalis. Other species of Cornus may enter into this hybrid complex. Typr LocaLity: San Francisco, California. DisTRmutTIoN: Throughout the range of Cornus occidentalis. 10. Cornus Amomum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cornus no. 5. 1768. Cornus sericea 1,. Mant. 199, in part. 1771. (Nomen ambiguum.) ? Cornus cyanocarpus Moench, Verz. Ausl. Baume 27. 1785; Meth.107. 1794. Not C. cyanocar- pos J. F. Gmel. 1791. Cornus caerulea [? coerulea] Lam. Encyc. 2: 116. 1786. Cornus ferruginea Hort.; Lam. Encye. 2: 116, assyn. 1786. Cornus rubiginosa Ehrh. Beitr. 4:15. 1789. Cornus lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:92. 1803. Cornus sericea B oblongifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 272. 1830. Cornus oblongifolia Raf.; DC. Prodr. 4: 272, assyn. 1830. Cornus sericea a ovalifolia C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 23. 1845. ee eenemsolse Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 251, as syn. 1893. Not C. asperifolia Michx. 1803 Cornus citrina Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 251, as syn. 1893. Cornus Amomum vat. undulifolia Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 48. 1903. Svida Amomum Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 854. 1903. Spreading shrubs, the branches sometimes procumbent and rooting; branchlets white- or ferruginous-tomentose with short trichomes, sometimes sparsely so, becoming glabrous, at first green, becoming dark red, the pith dark brown; leaf-blades 5-12 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, abruptly acuminate, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, sparsely strigillose above, becoming glabrous, paler beneath and pubescent with usually mingled appressed forked and erect curling trichomes, these white or more commonly ferrugin- ous especially on the veins, not papillose; veins commonly 4-6 on either side of the midrib, 3-5 arising from its basal half; petioles 1-2 em. long; inflorescence 4-6 cm. across, generally flat, 306 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, the usually 3 or 4 primary branches clustered, the peduncle and branches short-tomentose to vil- lose with white or ferruginous trichomes; pedicels mostly 2-5 mm. long; sepals nearly 2 mm. long, longer than the white-strigillose or villose hypanthium, villose; petals 4-5 mm. long; style 3-3.5 mm. long, conspicuously dilated beneath the small stigma; drupes blue, about 8 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 5-6 mm. long and broad, often slightly compressed, obscurely or strongly 3-ridged on each face, commonly 1-seeded with an empty locule, TYPE LOCALITY: Presumably the Apothecaries’ Garden at Chelsea, London. DISTRIBUTION: New England to Pennsylvania and in the mountains to Georgia and Alabama, west to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. ILLUSTRATIONS: W. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. pl. 9 (as Cornus sericea); Blanchan, Nat. Gard. pl. facing 252; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 110; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 117; L,’Hér. Cornus pl. 2; Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 73. Nove: This species hybridizes freely with Cornus Purpusi especially in New York, yielding segregates which can be assigned to neither species. The occasionally ‘‘stoloniferous” habit may be attributed to hybridization with Cornus stolonifera. 11. Cornus Purpusi Koehne, Gartenflora 48: 338. 1899. ? Cornus minor Hort.; Lam. Encyc. 2: 116. 1786. Cornus sericea y Schiitzeana C. Meyer, Cornus-Arten 23. 1845. Cornus obliqua sensu Rehder, Rhodora 12: 122. 1910. Not C. obliqua Raf. 1819. Svida Purpusi A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3.372. 1914. (Nomen nudum.) Cornus cyanocar pus var. albescens Farwell, Rhodora 33:72. 1931. Cornus Amomum var. Schuelzeana Rickett, Rhodora 36: 274. 1934. Shrubs; branchlets densely short-tomentose with white trichomes, becoming glabrous and brown, the pith dark brown; leaf-blades commonly 4-8 cm. long, 1.5—4 em. broad, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, abruptly acuminate, cuneate and often asymmetric at the base, strigillose on both surfaces with white forked trichomes (sometimes ferruginous beneath in the southwest- ern parts of the range), becoming nearly glabrous above, paler and more densely pubescent and minutely papillose beneath; veins commonly 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib and nearly equally spaced along it; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; inflorescence 3—5 cm. across, generally flat, the 3 or 4 primary branches usually clustered, the peduncle and branches short-tomentose to strigillose with white trichomes; pedicels mostly 2—5 mm. long; hypanthium grey-strigillose; sepals 1.5—2 mm. long; petals 4-5 mm. long; style 3 mm. long, conspicuously dilated beneath the small stigma; drupes blue, about 8 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 5—6 mm. long and broad, obscurely or strongly 3-ridged on each face, commonly 1-seeded with an empty locule. Typr Locality: Shore of Lake Erie west of Toledo, Ohio. DISTRIBUTION: Nebraska to Kansas and southeastern Oklahoma, eastward to northern Alabama, Kentucky, Indiana, southern Ontario, and New York; District of Columbia. ILLUSTRATIONS: Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 108; Rev. Hortic. 60: pl. facing 444; Sarg. Trees & Shrubs pl. 39. Nore: Plants intermediate between this species and Cornus Amomum occur in New York and Ontario and westward to Minnesota, Illinois, and Kentucky; see the note under C. Amomum. For another hybrid see the note under C. racemosa. 12. Cornus rugosa Lam. Encye. 2:115. 1786. Cornus virginiana Hort.; Lam. Encye. 2: 115, as syn. 1786. Cornus circinata L,’/Hér. Cornus 7. 1788. Cornus tomentulosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:91. 1803. Cornus verrucosa Hort.; Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 3: 250, as syn. 1893. Svida circinata Small i in Small & Carter, Fl. Lance. Co. 206. 1913, Svida rugosa Rydb. Fl. Pr. & Pl. 605. 1932. Shrubs; branchlets sparsely strigillose with often ferruginous trichomes, at first green, soon suffused or streaked with dark red, often verrucose, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 6-12 em. long, 5-10 em. broad, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, commonly suborbicular, abruptly acu- minate, rounded or subcordate or occasionally broadly cuneate at the base, sparsely strigillose above, the pale under surface densely covered with white curling trichomes which obscure the minute papillae; veins usually 7 or 8 on either side of the midrib, impressed above; petioles usually 10-15 mm. long; inflorescence usually 5—7 cm. across, flat, the 4 or 5 primary branches clustered, strigillose; pedicels mostly 3-5 mm. long; hypanthium white-strigillose; drupes light blue, about 6 mm. in diameter, the endocarp 4 mm. broad, slightly shorter than broad, indis- tinctly and shallowly ridged, 1- or 2-seeded, the style often persistent on the mature fruit. Part 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 307 TYPE LocALity: “‘ Jardin du Roi,”’ Paris. DISTRIBUTION: Maine to New Jersey and in the mountains to Virginia, west to Minnesota, the southern shores of Lake Michigan, and Iowa. ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 544; ed. 2.2: 661; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 103; Emerson, ‘Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 1/6; Guimp. Otto & Hayne, Abb. Fremden Holz. 1: pl. 86; L’ Hér. Cor- nus pl. 3; Mathews, Field Book Am. Trees & Shrubs 333; Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 72; M.-Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 409. 13. Cornus alternifolia L. f. Suppl. 125. 1781. ? Cornus citrifolia Weston, Univ. Bot. 1: 74. 1770. Cornus alterna Marsh. Arbust. 35. 1785. Cornus alternifolia a pensylvanica Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 8. 1822, Cornus alternifolia 8B canadensis Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 8. 1822. Cornus undulata Raf. Alsog. 61. 1838. Cornus riparia Raf. Alsog. 62. 1838. Cornus riparia var. rugosa Raf. Alsog. 62. 1838. Cornus rotundifolia Raf. Alsog. 62. 1838. Cornus punctata Raf. Alsog. 62. 1838. Svida alternifolia Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 853. 1903. Shrubs or small trees; branchlets green or yellowish, sometimes reddish-brown, the pith white; leaves alternate (or on some branchlets opposite), mostly crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, the membranous blades commonly 5-12 cm. long, 2.5—6.5 cm. broad, oblong, ovate, or obovate, abruptly acuminate, cuneate or occasionally rounded at the base, glabrate above, the under surface pale, minutely papillose, thinly pubescent with mostly appressed forked trichomes (those on the midrib and veins sometimes spreading and often ferruginous especially in the southern parts of the range); veins usually 4 or 5 on either side of the midrib, 4 arising from its basal half, impressed above; petioles commonly 2—5 cm. long; inflorescence 3.5—-10 cm. across, hemispheric or flattish, the primary branches alternate along an often evident central axis, hirtellose; pedicels mostly 1-3 mm. long; hypanthium grey-strigillose; sepals 0.2 mm. long; petals 3-4 mm. long; style 2 mm. long; drupes blue, about 6 mm. in diameter, the style persistent on the summit, the endocarp globose, pitted at the apex. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘In America septentrionali.”’ DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New England to Minnesota, south in the mountains to Florida and Alabama and in the Mississippi valley to the Ozarks. ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 546; ed. 2. 2: 663; H. P. Brown, Trees N. Y. 316; Deam, Shrubs Ind. pl. 102; Duham. Arbres & Arbust. 2: pl. 45; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 115; A. Gray, For. Trees N. Am. pl. 63; Guimp. Otto & Hayne, Abb. Fremden Holz. 1: pl. 43; Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 358, 359; Illick, Penn. Trees ed. 2. pl. 127; Keeler, Nat. Trees 176; Keeler, North. Shrubs 257; L’Hér. Cornus pl. 6; Lounsberry, Guide Trees pl. 102; M.-Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 409; J. E. Rogers, Tree Book #1. facing 416; W. E. Rogers, Tree Fl. 421; Sarg. Man. 789; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 216. Cornus alternifolia f. ochrocarpa Rehder, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 16: 75. 1907. Drupes yellow. Tvprr LocaLity: Rochester, New York. DisTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. Section Tanycrania Endl. Gen. 1:798. Mr 1839, emend. Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (479): 78. 1910. Sect. Macrocarpium Spach, Hist. Vég. 8:92. O 1839. Subg. Macrocar- pium C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: 450. 1909. Shrubs and small trees; inflorescence a sessile sympodial umbel (a reduced cyme), appearing before the leaves and subtended by 2 or more pairs of scale-like cataphylls, the uppermost (usually 4) enlarging at anthesis and forming a subpetaloid involucre; flowers yellow; drupes ellipsoid, red or almost black. 14. Cornus sessilis Torr.; Durand, Jour. Acad. Phila. II.3:89. 1855. Macrocarpium sessile Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23:38. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Svida sessilis A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 273. 1914. (Nomen nudum.) Shrubs and small trees to 4 m. high (according to Jepson); branchlets green becoming blotched with red, the pith white; leaf-blades commonly 4.5—9 cm. long, 2—3.5 cm. broad, ellip- tic, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate at the base, glabrous above or with a few scattered tri- chomes, strigillose below and tomentose in the axils of the veins; veins commonly 4 on either side of the midrib, 3 arising from its basal half, impressed above; petioles 5-10 mm. long; in- florescence subtended by 2 pairs of cataphylls, these 1 cm. long, 0.5 cm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, brown often with yellow scarious margins, strigillose dorsally, hoary at the base; pedicels 1 cm. long, white-villose; sepals 0.5 mm. long; petals 3 mm. long; style 1 mm. long; 308 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, drupes at first whitish, passing through yellow and red to almost black, 1—-1.5 cm. long, about half as thick, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. TypPr LOCALITY: Deer Creek, near Nevada [City], California. DISTRIBUTION: Foothills of the Sierra Nevada and northern Coast Range, California. rh ema Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 679; McMinn, Ill. Man. Calif. Shrubs 375; Pac. R. R. Rep. Section Discocrania Harms in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 38: 266. 1898. Subg. A pocarpea Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 41, in part. 1909. Subg. Discocrania Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (4%): 84. 1910. Shrubs and small trees; inflorescence a congested cyme simulating a pedunculate capitule, the peduncle subtended by reduced leaves or by scale-like cataphylls, the sessile flowers surrounded by usually 4 cataphylls (bracts) which are not petaloid and are deciduous at anthesis; drupes ellipsoid, dark red. 15. Cornus disciflora Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 273. 1830. Cornus capitata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 28. 1893. Not C. capitata Wall. 1820. Comms wants sensu Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8:54. 1903. Not C. grandis Schlecht. & Cham. 1830. Benthamia disciflora Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 41. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Benthamia grandis Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23:41. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Shrubs and small trees to 10 m. high (according to Hinton); branchlets minutely appressed- pubescent, green or red, soon becoming light grey; leaf-blades commonly 7-14 cm. long, 2-6 cm. broad, lanceolate to elliptic, acute or acuminate, cuneate at the base, rather coriaceous, glabrous above, paler beneath and minutely strigillose with forked trichomes about 0.2 mm. from point to point; veins usually 3 or 4 on either side of the midrib and spaced equally along it; petioles commonly 5—20 mm. long; inflorescence appearing more or less continuously from August to May, occasionally subtended by 2 pairs of cataphylls like those of C. florida but these usually lacking, the uppermost foliage leaves of the branch often reduced and soon deciduous, the involucre deciduous at anthesis leaving an often lobed hairy rim beneath the flower-cluster; flowers essentially sessile, 15-25 in a cluster about 1.5 cm. across, subtended by an inner ring of minute hairy bracts (? prophylls); hypanthium about 1 mm. high, hairy; calyx 2 mm. high, the lobes obtuse; petals 3 mm. long, reflexed; style less than 2 mm. long; drupes dark red (dry- ing black), nearly 2 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, ellipsoid, pubescent, usually 1-3 in a cluster, the endocarp 1.2 cm. long, 0.6 cm. broad, smooth. ‘TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Mexico.’ DISTRIBUTION: Sonora, Zacatecas, and Hidalgo to Panama. ILLUSTRATION: Moc, & Sessé, Calq. Dess. pl. 442. Cornus disciflora f. floccosa (Wanger.) Rickett, Bull. Torrey Club 72: 223. 1945. Cornus floccosa Wanger. Repert. Sp. Nov. 6: 101. 1908. Cornus disciflora var. floccosa Standl. Field. Mus. Publ. Bot. 8: 321. 1931. Leaves short-tomentose on the lower surface, often ferruginous. TyPE LOCALITY: San Nicolds, Distrito Federal. DisTRrBUTION: With the typical form. Section Cynoxylon Raf. Med. Bot. 132. 1828. Sect. Benthamidia K. Koch, Dendr. 694. 1869. Subg. A pocarpea Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 41, in part. 1909. Subg. Benthamidia C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: 453. 1909. ‘Trees and shrubs; inflorescence a congested cyme simulating a pedunculate capitule, the peduncle subtended by 1 or 2 pairs of scale-like cataphylls, the sessile flowers surrounded by 4-7 cataphylls (bracts) which enlarge at anthesis to form a conspicuous petaloid involucre; flowers yellow; drupes ellipsoid or prismatic, red. 16. Cornus florida L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753. Benthamidia florida Spach, Hist. Vég. 8: 107. 1839. Cynoxylon floridum Britt. & Shaf. N. Am. Trees 744. 1908. Benthamia florida Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23:41. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Small trees, or sometimes shrubs; branchlets green or red, minutely strigillose, becoming grey, the pith brown; bark of the trunk grey, fissured in roughly rectangular blocks; leaf-blades commonly 5-8 cm. long, 2—4 em. broad (sometimes up to 12 cm. long, 6.5 cm. broad), ovate to elliptic or obovate, abruptly acuminate, cuneate and often asymmetric at the base, strigillose on both surfaces and paler beneath and somewhat villose along the midrib and veins especially Part 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 309 when young; veins 4-6 on either side of the midrib, usually 4 arising from its basal half; petioles commonly about 1 em. long, occasionally to 2 cm.; inflorescence appearing in autumn, the sub- tending cataphylls narrowly lanceolate, ferruginous ventrally with a hoary-strigillose tip, the lower pair deciduous with the foliage (except sometimes in western plants), the upper persisting through the winter; bracts of the involucre 4, at anthesis commonly 3-15 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 em. broad, white, parallel-veined, obcordate, the retuse apex callose, minutely pubescent dorsally especially at base and apex; flowers yellowish, 20—30 in a cluster 1-1.5 cm. across, subtended by an inner ring of obtuse bracts (? prophylls) each about 1 mm. long and broad; hypanthium 2.5 mm. high, canescent; calyx 2 mm. high, campanulate, the sepals united about half their length; petals 3.5 mm. long, revolute; style 2—2.5 mm. long; drupe red (drying black), about 1.5 em. long, 0.8 cm. broad, ellipsoid, crowned by the persistent calyx and style, usually 1-6 in a cluster, the endocarp about 1.0 cm. long, 0.5 em. broad, smooth, acute. TYPE Loca.ity: “‘ Virginia.” DIsTRIBUTION: Southern Maine and southern Ontario to eastern Kansas, south to Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and eastern Texas. ILLUSTRATIONS: W. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. pl. 3; Bot. Mag. pl. 526; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 543; ed. 2. 2: 664; Britt. & Shaf. N. Am. Trees 746; Deam, Trees Ind. ed. 3. pl. 121; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 118; Guimp. Otto & Hayne, Abb. Fremden Holz. 1: pl. 19; Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 356, 357; Illick, Penn. Trees ed. 2. pl. 126; Keeler, Nat. Trees 171, 173; Keeler, North. Shrubs 243; Lounsberry, Guide Trees pl. 101; Mathews, Field Book Am. Trees & Shrubs 333; Millsp. Am. Med. Pl. pl. 71; Rickett, Green Earth 283; J. E. Rogers, Tree Book $l. facing 411; W. E. Rogers, Tree Fl. 417-419, 422, 423; Sarg. Man. 786; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 212, 213. Cornus florida subsp. urbiniana (Rose) Rickett, Bull. Torrey Club 72: 223. 1945. Cornus grandis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5:171. 1830. Cornus urbiniana Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8:53. 1903. Cornus florida var. urbiniana Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (422): 87. 1910. Benthamidia florida var. urbiniana Moldenke, Rev. Sudam. Bot. 6: 177. 1940. Bracts of the in- volucre much narrower, commonly about 2 cm. broad, linear, the callous apex broadly acute, not retuse; flowers 10—20 in a cluster; drupes 1-3 in a cluster. Type LocaLity: Cerro de San Cristobal near Orizaba, Vera Cruz. DiIsTRIBUTION: Nuevo Le6én and Vera Cruz. Cornus florida f. rubra (Weston) Palmer & Steyerm. Rhodora 40: 133. 1938. Cornus florida rubra Weston, Univ. Bot. 1: 73. 1770. Cornus florida var. rubra Hort.; Rehder in L. H. Bailey, Cye. Am. Hort. 1: 378. 1900. Cynoxylon floridum var. rubrum Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 56. 1932. Benthamidia florida var. rubra Moldenke, Torreya 34:8. 1934. Bracts of the involucre dusky rose. Typr LocaLiry: None given. DistrisuTion: With the typical form of the species. ILLUSTRATIONS: Bot. Mag. pl. 8315; Rev. Hortic. 66: pl. facing 500. Cornus florida f. xanthocarpa Rehder, Jour. Arnold Arb. 2: 179. 1921. Drupes yellow. TYPE LocaLity: Saluda, North Carolina (cult.). DistrruTIoN: Long Island. 17. Cornus Nuttalli Audubon, Birds pl. 367. 1837 (nomen nudum); Ornith. 4: 482. 1838. Cynoxylon Nuttallii Shafer in Britt. & Shaf. N. Am. Trees 746. 1908. Benthamia Nuttallii Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 41. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Benthamidia Nuttallii Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 167. 1935. Trees to 20 m. high; branchlets at first green, becoming dark red or almost black, the pith brown; bark of the trunk scaly, brown; leaf-blades commonly 6-12 cm. long, 3-7 cm. broad, elliptic to obovate, short-acuminate, cuneate at the base, minutely strigillose above, the under surface paler and pubescent with both appressed forked and short spreading trichomes; veins usually 4 or 5 on either side of the midrib, 3 or 4 arising from its basal half; petioles 0.5—1 cm. long; inflorescence appearing in autumn, subtended by a pair of reduced leaves and a pair of cataphylls, the latter lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent ventrally, usually persistent through the winter; flowers surrounded but not enclosed by the bracts in the winter, the cluster often cernuous; bracts of the involucre at anthesis 4-7, 4-6 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, white or pink- tinged, parallel-veined, generally obovate with a tapering base, short-acuminate, at first pubescent dorsally with appressed white trichomes; flowers subtended also by several series of small obtuse bracts (? prophylls) about 1 mm. long and broad; flowers yellowish-green or red, about 75 crowded into a cluster about 2 cm. across; hypanthium 3 mm. high; calyx 2.5 mm. high, the segments rounded; petals 4 mm. long, revolute; style 2 mm. long; drupes red, congested (but not coalescent) in a cluster 2.5—3 em. across, 20-40 maturing, each 1—-1.5 cm. long, about half as thick, more or less ellipsoid but prismatic by mutual pressure, the calyx and style persistent on the summit, the endocarp ellipsoid, about 9 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, smooth. 310 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [Volume 28p, ‘Typ Loca.ity: “On the Columbia River,’’ northwestern Oregon or southwestern Washington. DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern British Columbia to northern California west of the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada. ILLUSTRATIONS: Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild Fl. 339; Audubon, Birds pl. 367; Bot. Mag. pl. 8311; Britt. & Shaf. N. Am. Trees 747; Eastw. Handb. Trees Calif. pl. 51; Eliot, For. Trees Pac. Coast f. 228-230; Gard. Chron. III. 63: 204; Garden 78: 290; 84: 228; Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 734; Kew Bull. 1915: pl. facing 178; Nutt. Sylva 3: pl. 97; Sarg. Man. 787; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 214, 215; Sudw. For. Trees Pacif. Slope 414, 415. Section Arctocrania Endl. Gen. 1:798. Mr 1839. Sect. Cornion Spach, Hist. Vég. 8: 103. O 1839. Subg. Arctocrania Wanger. in Engler, Pflanzenreich 41 (49): 81. 1910. Leafy stems herbaceous, from woody rhizomes; inflorescence a congested cyme simulating a capitule or small umbel, each of the 4 primary branches subtended by a petaloid bract, these together composing an involucre; flowers greenish, purplish, or blue; 1 or more petals dorsally awned; drupes globose, red. Cornus canadensis I. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753. Cornus cyananthus Raf. Atl. Jour. 151. 1832. Cornus unalaschkensis Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 378. 1844. Chamaepericlymenum canadense Asch. & Graebn. Fl. Nordostd. Flachl. 799, 1898 (nomen nudum); N. Taylor, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 484. 1915. Cornus canadensis var. intermedia Farr, Contr. Bot. Lab. Univ. Pa. 2: 423. 1904. Cornella canadensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Cornella unalaschkensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906. Arctocrania unalaschkensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 39. 1909. (Nomen nudum.) Arctocrania canadensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 40. 1904. Cornus canadensis f. elongata Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 150: 44. 1911. Svida unalaskensis A. Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 273. 1914. (Nomen nudum.) Cynoxylon canadense J. H. Schaffn. Cat. Ohio Pl. 222. 1914. Mesomora canadensis Nieuwl.; Lunell, Am. Midl. Nat. 4: 487. 1916. Chamaepericlymenum unalaschkense Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 635. 1917. Cornus canadensis var. alpestris House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 254: 539. 1924. Flowering stems commonly 7—20 cm. high (exclusive of the peduncle), having usually 4-6 leaves apparently whorled at the summit (each leaf of the terminal pair subtending 1 or 2 leaves on an undeveloped axillary branch), usually with a pair of scale-like prophylls 2-6 cm. below, these often foliaceous especially on western plants and sometimes almost equaling the terminal leaves; leaf-blades commonly 4-6.5 cm. long, 2.5—4.5 em. broad, ovate to elliptic, obovate, or rhombic, acute or short-acuminate, narrowed at the base to a petiolar portion 2-4 mm. long, sparsely strigillose above, the under surface glabrous; veins 2 or 3 on either side of the midrib, arising from its basal one-fourth or one-third; inflorescence commonly of 15-30 flowers in a cyme 10-15 mm. across, the peduncle sparsely strigillose or glabrous, 1-3 cm. long, the 4 primary branches 1—1.5 mm. long, each bearing a bract; bracts of the involucre usually 10-15 mm. long and nearly as broad (sometimes to 25 mm. long and 15 mm. broad), the opposite pairs often unequal, white, ovate, acuminate, parallel-veined; pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long, strigillose; hypanthium 1-1.5 mm. high, hoary; sepals 0.4 mm. long, broadly triangular, usually glabrous; petals 1.5 mm. long, yellowish or partly or wholly purplish, cucullate, the awn 0.6 mm. long; style 1.5—2 mm. long, often purplish; drupes commonly 10-15 in a cluster, globose, red, about 8 mm. in diameter, the style persistent, the endocarp about 2 mm. in diameter, globose, smooth, commonly unilocular and 1-seeded. ‘Typk Loca.ity: “‘Canada.” DistRiIBUTION: Greenland; Labrador to Alaska, south to New Jersey, West Virginia, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, Idaho, and California, and in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico; northeastern Asia, ILLusTRATIONS: Armstrong, Field Book W. Wild FI. 341; Bot. Mag. pl. 880; Britt. & Brown, IIl. Fl. 2: 543; ed. 2. 2: 664; Brown & Schaffer, Alp. Fl. Can. pl. facing 204; Dana, Wild Fl. ed. 1900. 37; House, Wild. Fl. N. Y. pl. 150; Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 680; L’Hér. Cornus pl. 1; Mathews, Field Book 319; Miller & Whiting, Wild Fl. 225; M.-Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 408; Peterson, Wild Fruits 109. Nove: In Labrador this species hybridizes with Cornus swecica. Cornus canadensis f. purpurascens (Miyabe & Tatewaki) Hara, Rhodora 44: 20. 1942. Chamaepericlymenum canadense {. purpurascens Miyabe & Tatewaki, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 43. 1937. Cornus canadensis f. rosea Fernald, Rhodora 43: 156. 1941. Bracts of the involucre purplish-rose. TyrPk Locality: Tonnai, Toyohara, Japan. DisTrruTION: Eastern Canada, Newfoundland, and Maine; Alaska; Japan. Part 2, 1945] CORNACEAE 311 Cornus suecica L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753. Cornus borealis Krasch.; Gort. Fl. Ingr. 24. 1761. Cornus herbacea Pall. Fl. Ross. 1!: 121. 1784. Cornus biramis Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 221. 1812. Chamaepericlymenum suecicum Asch. & Graebn. FI. Nordostee Flachl. 539. 1898. Cornella suecica Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 147. 1906 Arctocrania suecica Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 39. 1909. Flowering stems 5-15 cm. high (exclusive of the peduncle), bearing several pairs of sub- equal leaves (or the lowest pair shorter and sometimes scale-like), the terminal leaves sometimes subtending leaves from undeveloped axillary branches and with them simulating a whorl; leaves sessile, the blades commonly 2—3 cm. long, 1.5—2.5 cm. broad (sometimes to 4.5 cm. long), lanceolate to ovate and elliptic or oval or almost orbicular, broadly acute or obtuse, cuneate to rounded and somewhat clasping at the base, sparsely strigillose above, the under surface gla- brous; veins 5-7, arising from the base, or in leaves of vigorous branches sometimes the lateral 4-6 from the basal one-fourth of the midrib; inflorescence commonly of 10-15 flowers in a cyme 6-10 mm. across, the primary branches usually not discernible, the cyme therefore umbelliform and the bracts apparently arising from the summit of the peduncle, the peduncle 0.8—2 cm. long, sparsely strigillose or glabrous; bracts of the involucre usually 8-12 mm. long, 4.5-9 mm. broad, ovate, acute to obtuse, parallel-veined; pedicels about 1 mm. long; hypanthium 1.5 mm. long, blue or purplish, sparsely strigillose especially toward the base; sepals 0.3-0.5 mm. long, tri- angular, blue or purplish, usually ciliate with white trichomes; petals 1-1.5 mm. long, blue or purplish, cucullate, the awn 0.5 mm. long; style 1.5 mm. long, blue or purplish; drupes globose, red, about 8 mm. in diameter, the style persistent, the endocarp about 3 mm. in diameter, globose, slightly compressed, lightly grooved on each face, bilocular, often 1-seedéd. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Suecia, Norvegia, Russia.” DIsTRIBUTION: Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, westward in the St. Lawrence Valley to Riviére du Loup, northwestward to Alaska; northern Europe and Asia. ILLUSTRATIONS: Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 543; ed. 2. 2: 665; Curt. Fl. Lond. ed. 2. pl. 194; Fl. Dan. 1: pl. 5; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 52: 1552-1555: ;L. Fl. Lapp. pl. 5, f. 3; M.-Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 408; Reichenb. Ic. Fl, Germ. 24: pl. 145; Smith, Engl. Bot. pl. 310; Sv. Bot. pl. 201; Syme, Engl. Bot. ed. 3. pl. 634. Nore: In Labrador this species hybridizes with Cornus canadensis. DOUBTFUL SPECIES CorNUS FOEMINA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cornus no. 4. 1768. Sometimes interpreted as C. race- mosa, but the description is inadequate. CorNUS CANDIDISSIMA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cornus no. 6. 1768. Formerly interpreted as C. racemosa. ‘The description seems to be based upon a mixture of species. CORNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA Weston, Univ. Bot. 1: 73. 1770. Cornus FasTiciaTa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:92. 1803. Specimens of C. racemosa and C. stricta are so labeled in the Michaux herbarium in Paris. Cornus POLYGAMUs Raf. Fl. Ludov. 78. 1817. CorNUs OBLIQUA Raf. West. Rev. 1: 229. 1819. Formerly interpreted as C. Purpusi; and a speci- men so labeled by Rafinesque and deposited i in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden is that species; the description, however, is incompatible with it, suggesting rather C. stricta. CorNUS SUFFRUTICOSA Raf. Atl. Jour. 151. 1832. CoRNUS CINEREA Raf. Alsog. 59. 1838. CorNUS SEROTINA Raf. Alsog. 60. 1838. ‘‘vel lancifolia.” CORNUS ATRATA Raf. Alsog. 61. 1838. COoRNUS PARVIFOLIA Raf. Alsog. 61. 1838. CoRNUS IGNoRATA K. Koch, Dendr. 1: 684. 1869. C.Amomum ex. spec. fide Koehne, Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 12: 48. 1903; not ex. descr. Type locality ‘“‘ Japan.” ae PS Ny i WU : at iy Ma Hhetg eh ayy Family 2. NYSSACEAE By Haroup WiLLIAM RICKETT Trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, estipulate. Inflorescence a raceme, spike, umbel, or capitule. Flowers small, mostly dioecious. Calyx minute or obsolete. Petals 5 or more, imbricate. Stamens 5-10, often in 2 cycles. Anthers introrse, dorsifixed or basifixed. Style 1, simple and fre- quently reflexed or coiled, or cleft, arising from a fleshy disc (this central and pulvinate in staminate flowers). Ovary inferior, unilocular. Ovule with 2 integuments. Fruit a drupe. 1. NYSSA L. Sp. Pl. 1058. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5.478. 1754. Tupelo Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 80. 1763. Trees and shrubs. Leaves membranous or subcoriaceous, entire or irregularly dentate; veins disposed pinnately along the midrib, rather straight; under surface usually bearing very minute cuticular dots and sometimes roughened by larger papillae. Leaves and branchlets usually pubescent when young with appressed and spreading trichomes. Flowers dioecious or polygamo-dioecious, on peduncles arising singly from the axils of cataphylls, bracts, or foliage leaves; staminate flowers in a capitule, umbel, or short raceme; pistillate (or perfect) flowers sessile, solitary or several in a capitule or short spike. Petals usually 5; stamens usually 7-10; style revolute from near the middle. Drupes black, blue, purplish, or red; endocarp smooth or more commonly ridged. Type species, Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.* Leaves not mucronate; staminate flowers pedicellate in an umbel or raceme; pistillate flowers and (usually) drupes 2 or more on a peduncle; endocarp smooth or obtusely ridged. Leaves obovate to elliptic, more or less abruptly narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex; drupes on peduncles (1.5—) 3-6 cm. long. 1. N. sylvatica. Leaves mostly linear to oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex; drupes on peduncles 1—3(—5) cm. long. Trees; leaves mostly 4-12 cm. long; drupes oval. Shrubs; leaves mostly 2—7 cm. long; drupes globose. Leaves mucronate; staminate flowers sessile in a capitule; pistillate flowers and drupes solitary; endocarp alate-ridged. Leaves commonly sinuate-dentate with mucronate teeth, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; drupes purplish. 4. N. uniflora. Leaves entire, the petioles 1 cm. long or less; drupes red. Trees; leaves rounded or obtuse at the apex; drupes 3-4 cm. long. 5s Shrubs; leaves acute to acuminate; drupes 2—3 cm. long. 6. . biflora. - ursind, cS) 22 . ogeche. . acuminata. 22 1. Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Arbust. 97. 1785. Nyssa aquatica L,. Sp. Pl. 1058, in part. 1753. (Nomen confusum.) Nyssa multiflora Wangenh. Beytr. Nordam. Holz. 46. 1787. Nyssa integrifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 446. 1789. Nyssa angulosa Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 507. 1797. Nyssa canadensis Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 507. 1797. Nyssa caroliniana Poir. in lam. Encyc. 4: 507. 1797. Nyssa villosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1803. Nyssa montana Hort.; Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258, as syn. 1803. Nyssa integrifolia glauca Hort.; Pers. Syn. Pl. 2:614. 1807. Nyssa ciliata Raf. Atl. Jour. 176. 1833. * Nyssa aquatica L,., named as species lectotypica in the International Rules of Botanical Nomen- clature, ed. 3. 141 (1935), is a nomen confusum which includes plants referable to Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. and Nyssa uniflora Wangenh. Since most of the synonyms cited by Linnaeus refer to the first of these, it is here designated as type species. 313 314 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Nyssa multiflora var. sylvatica S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 442. 1878. Nyssa sylvatica var. aquatica Sarg. Garden & Forest 2: 435. 1889. Nyssa sylvatica var. typica Fernald, Rhodora 37: 434. 1935. Nyssa sylvatica var. dilatata Fernald, Rhodora 37: 436. 1935. Nyssa sylvatica var. caroliniana Fernald, Rhodora 37: 436. 1935. Trees usually to 30 m. high, sometimes to 40 m., or occasionally shrubs; branchlets at first green, becoming orange or reddish and finally grey, glabrous or nearly so; bark of the trunk grey, deeply fissured in narrow scaly segments; leaves often crowded near the ends of short branches, the blades commonly 3—10 em. long, 2.5-6 em. broad, obovate to elliptic (sometimes almost orbicular), more or less abruptly narrowed to the acute or obtuse apex, cuneate at the base, usually entire but occasionally remotely angulate-dentate or sinuate toward the apex, glabrous above, the under surface more or less villose on the midrib and main veins (the tri- chomes often rufous) and minutely dotted and often papillose-roughened (when young often pubescent with appressed forked trichomes); petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; peduncles from the axils of the cataphylls and the proximal leaves of the branchlets; staminate inflorescence an umbel or short raceme, on a puberulent peduncle 2.5—4 cm. long, the pedicels 1-5 mm. long, often sub- tended by small bracts; pistillate inflorescence of 2-8 sessile flowers in a capitule or short spike, the flowers prophyllate and subtended by rufous-pilose bracts 1-2 mm. long, on a clavate hirtel- lose peduncle 2-5 cm. long; hypanthium about 2 mm. high; petals 1.5 mm. long; drupes 1-1.5 cm. long, 7-10 mm. broad, blue-black, on peduncles usually 2-5 cm. long, the endocarp slightly compressed, marked with about 10 shallow grooves, the intervening sectors often elevated into rounded ridges. TYPE LOCALITY: “Pennsylvania.” DISTRIBUTION: Maine to Florida, west to southern Ontario, Michigan, southern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas. ILLUSTRATIONS: Britton, N. Am. Trees 738, 739; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 547; ed. 2. 2: 665; H. P. Brown, Trees N. Y. 318; Deam, Trees Ind. ed. 3. pl. 120; Emerson, Trees & Shrubs Mass. ed. 3. pl. 88; H. Gibson, Am. For. Trees, pl. facing 331; Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 362, 363; Illick, Penn. Trees ed. 2. pl. 128; Keeler, Nat. Trees 178, 179; Lam. Tab. Encyc. pl. 851; Mathews, Field Book Am. Trees & Shrubs 337; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: pl. 21, 22 (the latter as N. aquatica) ; Michx. f. N. Am. Sylva pl. 110, iil (the latter as N. aquatica); J. E. Rogers, ‘Tree Book, pl. facing 407, 410; W. E. Rogers, Tree Fl. 425-427; Sarg. Man. 780; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 217; — K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: f. 304, af; 305, a, b; Wangenh. Beytr. Nordam. Holz. pl. 16, f. 3 Norte: The extreme variability of this species in the form and Pete of the leaves (which have been made the basis of several species and varieties) indicates that it contains a genetic complex as yet unanalyzed. West of the Appalachian Mountains in particular occur forms with larger elliptic leaves and with small broadly elliptic, almost orbicular leaves. Where the range overlaps that of Nyssa biflora, the variation embraces also the length of the fruiting peduncles and the characters of the endocarp, and yields plants intermediate between the two species; see the note under Nyssa biflora. 2. Nyssa biflora Walt. Fl. Car. 253. 1788. Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora Sarg. Silva 5: 76. 1893. Nyssa servatilis * E. H. L. Krause, Beih. Bot. Centr. 32?: 333. 1914. Trees to 12 m. high, often growing in water and the base of the trunk then much enlarged; branchlets reddish, becoming dark grey, glabrous; bark of the trunk grey, deeply fissured; leaf-blades commonly 4-12 cm. long, 1.5—4.5 cm. broad, subcoriaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, rounded to obtuse or sometimes acute at the apex, gradually tapering to the base, glabrous above, the under surface paler, glabrous except on the midrib, minutely dotted and often papillose-roughened; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; peduncles from the axils of the cataphylls and proximal leaves of the branchlets; staminate inflorescence an umbel or short raceme, on a peduncle 1.5—3 cm. long, the pedicels 3-7 mm. long, often subtended by small bracts; pistillate inflorescence of usually 2 sessile flowers, subtended by several rufous-pilose bracts about 1 mm. long, on a peduncle 1-3 cm. long; hypanthium about 2 mm. high; petals about 1 mm. long; drupes 1-1.5 em. long, 8-10 mm. broad, blue-black, on peduncles usually 1-3 cm. long, the endocarp flattened and costate with 8-10 obtuse ridges. TYPE LOCALITY: None stated. DISTRIBUTION: In the coastal plain from eastern Maryland to Florida, thence west to southeast- ern Louisiana; inland to central Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. * As “N. du. servatilis.” Part 2, 1945] NYSSACEAE 315 ILLUSTRATIONS: Britton, N. Am. Trees 737; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 547; ed. 2. 2: 666; Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 364, 365; Mathews, Field Book Am. Trees & Shrubs "337; Sarg. Man, 782; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 218; C. K. "Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: fe Oana) a: Nore: This species probably hybridizes with Nyssa sylvatica i in the southeastern coastal plain, since here we find plants which have leaves intermediate in character between those of the two species, variously combined with fruiting peduncles from 1 to 6 cm. long, and with variously marked endocarps. 3. Nyssa ursina Small, Torreya 27:92. 1927. Shrubs; branchlets at first pubescent, green or red, becoming glabrous and dark red and finally brown or dark grey; leaves often crowded on short lateral branches, the blades 2-7 cm. long, 0.7—1.3 cm. broad, coriaceous, elliptic to spatulate, rounded to obtuse at the apex, tapering to the base, glabrous, the under surface paler, minutely dotted and papillose-roughened; petioles 2-5 cm. long; peduncles from the axils of the cataphylls and of bracts on the proximal part of the branchlets, these sometimes foliaceous; staminate inflorescence a 2—4-flowered umbel on a peduncle 1—2 cm. long; pistillate inflorescence and flowers as in Nyssa biflora but smaller; drupes globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, black, on peduncles 1-2 cm. long, the endo- carp oval, costate with several blunt ridges. TYPE LOCALITY: Swamp north of Port St. Joe [Gulf County], Florida. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Apalachicola River delta, Florida. 4. Nyssa uniflora Wangenh. Beytr. Nordam. Holz. 83. 1787. Nyssa aquatica L.. Sp. Pl. 1058, in part. 1753. (Nomen confusum.) Nyssa denticulata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 446. 1789. Nyssa palustris Salisb, Prodr. 175. 1796. Nyssa angulisans Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1803. Nyssa tomentosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1803. ? Nyssa montana Gaertn. Fruct. 3: 201. 1805. Nyssa grandidentata Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 252. 1813. Nyssa denticulata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 178. 1814 Nyssa candicans var. grandidentata D. J. Browne, Trees Am. 426. 1857. Trees to 30 m. high, often growing in water and the base of the trunk then much enlarged; branchlets red, at first tomentose, becoming glabrous and light brown or greyish and marked by large raised almost orbicular leaf-scars; bark of the trunk brownish, fissured in long scaly segments; leaf-blades commonly 10-15 cm. long, 6-8 cm. broad (sometimes to 25 em. long and 10 cm. broad), ovate to broadly elliptic or obovate, sharply acuminate to a mucronate apex, cuneate to cordate at the base, entire or more commonly irregularly and remotely sinuate- dentate with mucronate teeth (occasionally merely undulate), glabrous above, the under surface paler, at first tomentose, later glabrous or sparsely pilose, very minutely dotted; petioles com- monly 3-5 cm. long; peduncles clustered, mostly from the axils of the cataphylls, some from bracts (sometimes foliaceous) on the proximal part of the branchlets; staminate inflorescence a dense capitule on a bibracteate peduncle about 1.5 cm. long; petals 2-3 mm. long; pistillate flowers solitary, each subtended by several rufous-pubescent bracts 5-10 mm. long, the peduncle 2.5—3 em. long; petals 4 mm. long; drupes 2.5-3 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. broad, oblong or obo- void, dark purple, crowned by the persistent calyx and disc, on a peduncle 6-10 cm. long, the endocarp compressed, with about 10 narrow alate ridges. TYPE LocaLity: None stated. DISTRIBUTION: Virginia to Florida, west in the coastal plain to Texas, north in the Mississippi valley to southern Missouri and southern Illinois. ILLusTRaTIons: Britton, N. Am. Trees 740, f. 677; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 2: 547, f. 2723; ed. 2. 2: 666, f. 3194; H. Gibson, Am. For. Trees, pl. facing 337: Hough, Handb. Trees N. States 366, 367 (as N. sylvatica) ; Mathews, Field Book Am. Trees & Shrubs 337; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: pl. io; Michx. f. N. Am. Sylva pl. 112; Sarg. Man. 784; Sarg. Silva 5: "pl. 220; Wangenh. Beytr. Nordam. Holz. pl. 27, f. 57. 5. Nyssa ogeche Marsh. Arbust. 97. 1785. Nyssa capitata Walt. Fl. Car. 253. 1788. Nyssa tomentosa Poir. in Lam. Encyc. 4: 508. 1797. Nyssa candicans Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 259. 1803. Nyssa oye-chee Steud. Nom. Bot. Phan. 558. 1821, 316 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28, Trees to 20 m. high, or shrubby; branchlets orange or reddish, puberulent, becoming grey, marked by conspicuous triangular leaf-scars; bark of the trunk dark brown, irregularly fissured, scaly; leaf-blades commonly 9-15 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, linear or oblong to oblanceolate or obovate, rounded or obtuse and apiculate at the apex, cuneate at the base, glabrous and shining above, the under surface paler and tomentose to villose on the midrib and often on the veins; petioles 0.5—1 cm. long; peduncles from the axils of the cataphylls and of bracts (these sometimes foliaceous) on the proximal part of the branchlets, and sometimes from the axils of the lower leaves; staminate inflorescence a dense capitule, on a pubescent bibracteate peduncle 1.5—2.5 cm. long; petals 1.5 mm. long, pubescent; pistillate flowers solitary, each subtended by several tomentose bracts, the peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm. long, tomentose; hypanthium about 2 mm. high, densely tomentose; petals 2 mm. long and broad, almost orbicular, pubescent on both surfaces; dise conical; drupes 2.5—3.5 cm. long, 1.5—2 cm. broad, red, crowned by the persistent conical disc, on peduncles about 1.5 cm. long, the endocarp compressed, with 10-12 alate papery ridges. ‘TyPE LocaLity: None stated. 2 eS a a In the coastal plain, South Carolina to northern Florida, locally in western IuLustrations: Britton, N. Am. Trees 740; Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 2: pl. 20; Michx. f. N. Am. SNe pl. 113; Sarg. Man. 783; Sarg. Silva 5: pl. 219; C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: f. 304, g-n; 305, e. 6. Nyssa acuminata Small, Fl. SE. U.S. 852. 1903. Nyssa ogeche var. acuminata Eyles, Castanea 6:35. 1941. Shrubs to 3 m. high; branchlets dark red, becoming brown, glabrous; leaves often crowded toward the ends of the branchlets, the blades commonly 6-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad, linear or narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, acute or acuminate to occasionally obtuse or rounded at the apex, apiculate, tapering to the base, glabrous or thinly tomentose or pilose on the midrib and larger veins on the under surface; petioles 0.5—1 cm. long; inflorescence and flowers unknown to the writer; drupes 2-3 cm. long, about 7 mm. broad, oval, red, tipped by the conical disc, on peduncles 5-10 mm. long from the axils of the cataphylls and of bracts on the proximal part of the branchlets, the endocarp like that of Nyssa ogeche. TYPE LOCALITY: Darien Junction [Warsaw, McIntosh County], Georgia. DisTRIBUTION: McIntosh and Charlton counties, Georgia. ILLUSTRATION: Castanea 6: 33. : Nore: The relationship between this and Nyssa ogeche is perhaps too close for specific distinction; but the restriction of its range and the occurrence of plants intermediate in character scarcely prove that it is, to use Eyles’ words, ‘‘a local manifestation” of the latter species (Castanea 6:35. 1941). Further evidence is needed for satisfactory disposition. BIBLIOGRAPHY: VOLUME 28B By HaroiD WILLIAM RICKETT Abrams, LeRoy, 1874— (Abrams). Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 300-485. pl. A-J. 27 S 1910.—A phytogeographic and taxo- nomic study of the southern California trees and shrubs. Adams, John, 1872— (J. Adams). Canad. Dep. Agr. Exp. Farms Bull. II. 23: 9-60. f. 1-36. 1915.—Medicinal plants and their cultivation in Canada. Adanson, Michel, 1727-1806 (Adans.). Fam. Pl. 1: 1-189. 2: 1-640. 1763.—Familles des plantes. Aiton, William, 1731-1793 (Ait.). Hort. Kew. 1: 1-496. 2: 1-460. 3: 1-547. 1789.—Hortus kewensis. Allioni, Carlo, 1728-1804 (All.). Fl. Ped. 1: 1-344. 2: 1-366. [3:] pl. 1-92. 1785.—Flora pedemontana sive enumeratio methodica stirpium indigenarum Pedemontii. André, Edouard Francois, 1840-1911 (André). Rev. Hortic. 60: 444. pl. 1 O 1888.—Les Cornus sericea et stolontfera. Rey. Hortic. 66: 500, 501. pl. 1 N 1894.— Cornus florida rubra. Apgar, Austin Craig, 1838-1908 (Apgar). Bull. Torrey Club 14: 166, 167. Au 1887.—A new variety of Aralia nudicaulis L. Armstrong, Margaret Neilson, 1867— (Armstrong). Field Book W. Wild Fl. 1-596. illust. 1915.—Field book of western wild flowers. [In collaboration with J. J. Thornber, A. M.’’] Ascherson, Paul Friedrich August, 1834-1913 (Asch.). Fl. Brand. 1859-1864.—Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, der Altmark und des Herzog- thums Magdeburg. 1: I-XXII, 1-320. Ja 1860. 25 1=21 05 M1859" 1: I-XII, 321-1034. 1864. SHI=1435 1859" {For dates of issue see p. XI; Bot. Zeit. 22: 121; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 5: 246.] Ascherson, Paul Friedrich August, 1834-1913; Graebner, Karl Otto Robert Peter Paul, 1871— 1933 (Asch. & Graebn.). Fl. Nordostd. Flachl. 1-640. 1898; 641-875. 1899.—Flora des nordostdeutschen Flach- landes (ausser Ostpreussen). Aubert du Petit-Thouars: see Petit-Thouars. Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophe Fusée, 1720-1778 (Aubl.). Pl. Guian. 1-976. Tabl. Noms 1-52. Suppl. 1-160. pl. 1-392. 1775.—Histoire des plantes de la Guiane frangoise. Audubon, John James, 1780-1851 (Audubon). Birds. 1827-1838.—The birds of America. 1: 1827-1830. 3: 1834, 1835. 2: 1831-1834. 4: 1835-1838. [435 plates, no text.] 317 318 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Ornith. 1831—1839.—Ornithological biography, or an account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America; accompanied by descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled The birds of America, and interspersed with delineations of Amer- ican scenery and manners. [Title varies.] 1: i-xxiv, 1-512. 1831. 4: i-xxviii, 1-618. 39 f. 1838. 2: i-xxxii, 1-588. 1834. 5: i-xxv, 1-664. 93 f. “1849” [1839]. 3: i-xxii, 1-638. f. 1-9. 1835. [See Auk 23: 298-312; 36: 372-380.] Babington, Charles Cardale, 1808-1895 (Bab.). Man. ed. 8. i-xlviii, 1-485. 1881—Manual of British botany containing the flowering plants and ferns arranged according to the natural orders. Eighth edition corrected throughout. Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 1858- (L. H. Bailey). Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1914-1917.—Standard cyclopedia of horticulture. 1: i-xx, 1-602. f. 1-700. pl. 1-20. 25 Mr 1914. 603-1200. f. 701-1470. pl. 21-39. 22 Jl 1914. : 1201-1760. f. 1471-2047. pl. 40-60. 12 My 1915. : 1761-2422. f. 2048-2693. pl. 61-80. 23 F 1916. : 2423-3041. f. 2694-2515. pl. 81-100. 4 O 1916. : 3043-3639. f. 2516-4056. pl. 101-120. 28 Mr 1917. Cycl. Am. Hort. 1900—1902.—Cyclopedia of American horticulture. (“assisted by Wilhelm Miller.’’] 1: i-xxii, 1-509. f. 1-743. pl. 1-9. 14 F 1900. 2: i-xiv, 511-1054. f. 744-1453. pl. 10-18. 18 Jl 1900. 3: i-xv, 1055-1486. f. 1454-2059. pl. 20-30. 23 Ap 1901. 4: i-xxx, 1487-2016. f. 2060-2800. pl. 31-50. 26 F 1902. Baillon, Henri Ernest, 1827-1895 (Baillon). Hist. Pl. 1867—1895.—Histoire des plantes. {In 13 volumes.] 7: 1-256. f. 1-222. 1879. 7: 257-546. f. 223-432. 1880. Traité Bot. Méd. 1-720. 1883; 721-1499. 1884.—Traité de botanique médicale. Baker, Charles Fuller, 1872-1927 (C. F. Baker). W. Am. Pl. 1: 1-20. 1902. 2: 1-22. 1903. 3: 1-12. 1904.—West American plants. [Lists of exsiccatae, without descriptions.] Baker, John Gilbert, 1834-1920 (Baker). Refug. Bot. pl. 299. N 1871—[Daucus montanus.] Baldwin, William, 1779-1819 (Baldw.). Ball, Charles Frederick, 1879-1915 (C. F. Ball). Garden 75: 381. illust. 12 Au 1911.—A rare sea holly. (Eryngium proteaeflorum.) Bancroft, Edward Nathaniel, 1782-1842 (Bancroft). Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica 1825: 1-6. ? 1825.—Some account of the arracacha, with a description of the botanical characters. Aun if WN Barneby, Rupert Charles, 1911— (Barneby). Leafl. W. Bot. 3: 81-83. 6 N 1941.—A new species of Cymopterus from Nevada. Barton, William Paul Crillon, 1786-1856 (W. Barton). Veg. Mat. Med. 1817-1819.—Vegetable materia medica of the United States; or medical botany. 1: 1-148. pl. 1-12. 1817. 2: 1-74. pl. 25-30. 1818. 1: 149-273. pl. 13-24. 1818. 2: 75-239. pl. 31-50. 1819. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 319 Bartram, William, 1739-1823 (Bartr.). Trav. 1-522. 7[unnumbered] pl. 1791.—Travels through North & South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws. Baxter, William Hart, 1816-1890 (W. H. Baxter). Bean, William Jackson, 1863- (Bean). Bot. Mag. pl. 8315. My 1910.—Cornus florida, var. rubra. 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Gewachse 1: i-iv, pl. la—8f; 2: pl. 9a-16f; 3: pl. 16a-24f; 4: pl. 25a-34f. n.d.— Darstellung und Beschreibung sammtlicher in der Pharmacopoea borussica aufgefiihrten offizinellen Gewachse oder der Stoffe, welche von ihnen in Anwendung kommen, nach nattirlichen Familien. Bernhardi, Johann Jacob, 1774-1850 (Bernh.). Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erf. 1800.—Systematische Verzeichnis der Pflanzen Erfurts. Bertero, Carlo Giuseppe, 1789-1831 (Bert.). Bertoloni, Antonio, 1775-1869 (Bertol.). Fl. Ital. 1883-1857.—Flora italica sistens plantas in Italia et in insulis circumstantibus sponte nascentes. [In 10 volumes.] 3: 1-256. 1837; 257-637. 1838. Besser, Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb, 1784-1842 (Besser). Enum. Pl. Volh. 1-111. 1822.—Enumeratio plantarum hucusque in Volhynia, Podolia, Gub. kiioviensi, Bessarabia cis-tyraica et circa Odessam collectarum, simul cum observa- tionibus in primitias florae Galiciae austriacae. Prim. Fl. Gal. 1: 1-399. 2: 1-423. 1809.—Primitiae florae Galiciae austriacae utriusque. Bicknell, Eugene Pintard, 1859-1925 (Bickn.). Bull. Torrey Club 22: 351-361. pl. 241-245. 31 Au 1895.—The genus Sanicula in the eastern United States, with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 577-582. 30 D 1897.—Two new species of Sanicula from the southern states. Bieberstein: see Marschall von Bieberstein. Billberg, Gustaf Johan, 1772-1844 (Billb.). Linn. Samf. Handl. 1: 38-42. pl. 1833.—NAagra underratelser om Bancroftia xanthorrhiza och Symphytum asperrimum. [Read 2 Mr 1832.] Bissell, Charles Humphrey, 1857-1925 (Bissell). Rhodora 2: 225. 9N 1900.—A new variety of Zizia aurea. Bitter, Friedrich August Georg, 1873-1927 (Bitter). Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 14: 72-76. pl. 5. 25 Mr 1896.—Ueber die peltaten Blatter der Gattung Hydrocotyle. Flora 86: 223-303. f. I-31. 1897.—Vergleichend-morphologische Untersuchungen tiber die Blattformen der Ranunculaceen und Umbelliferen. 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Y. 1-90. 25 Ap 1888.—Preliminary catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteri- dophyta reported as growing spontaneously within one hundred miles of New York City. 322 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Britton, Nathaniel Lord, 1859-1934; Wilson, Percy, 1879-1944 (Britton & Wilson). Sci. Surv. Porto Rico 6: 1-158. 14 Ja 1925; 159-316. 31 Au 1925; 317-371. 15 Je 1926; 523-663. 19 D 1930.—Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Myrtales to Lyco- podiales. Supplement. Bibliography. Index to Volumes V and VI. Brotero, Felix de Avellar, 1744-1828 (Brot.). Fl. Lusit. 1: i-xviii, 1-607. 2: 1-558. 1804.—Flora lusitanica seu plantarum, quae in Lusitania vel sponte crescunt, vel frequentius coluntur, ex florum praesertim sexubus systematice distributarum, synopsis. Brown, Harry Philip, 1887— (H. P. Brown). Trees N. Y. 1-433. illust. ““F 1921” [?1922].—Trees of New York State native and nat- uralized. [N. Y. State Coll. For. Tech. 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Twelve numbers constituted a fascicle, and upon the completion of each fascicle a table of contents was issued assigning new numbers to the plates. Three fascicles constituted a volume, and each of the two volumes has a table of contents in which the plates are again assigned new numbers. Many of the plates themselves are unnumbered. The approximate dates of the fasicles follow.] EJS de 4: 1781-1783. 2: 1777-1779. 5: 1783-1788. 3: 1779-1781. 6: 1790-1798. Fl. Lond. ed. 2. 1835.—Flora londinensis containing a history of the plants indigenous to Great Britain, illustrated by figures of the natural size. A new edition, enlarged. [Edited by Graves and Hooker. The present 5 volumes of plates arranged alphabeti- cally seem to be a reprint of the original series, with a new series added (see Bot. Misc. 1: 82); the table of contents does not correspond with the alphabetical arrangement. ] Cusson, Pierre, 1727-1783 (Cusson). Mém. Soc. Méd. Par. 1782. [Not seen.] Dana, Frances Theodora (Smith), 1861- (Dana). Wild FI. ed. 1900. 1-346. pl. 1-158. 1900.—How to know the wild flowers. New edition, with colored plates. Daniels, Francis Potter, 1869— (Daniels). Univ. Missouri Stud. Sci. 1: 143-461 (1?: 1-319). Ja 1907.—The flora of Columbia (Mis- souri) and vicinity. DC.: see Candolle. 326 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Deam, Charles Clemon, 1865— (Deam). Shrubs Ind. 1-351. pl. 1-148. D 1924.—Shrubs of Indiana. Trees Ind. ed. 3. 1-317. pl. 1-137. Ap 1921.—Trees of Indiana. (First revised edition.) Dep. Conserv. Ind. Publ. 13. [The ‘‘plates” in both these works are numbered also as pages. ] Decaisne, Joseph, 1807-1882 (Decaisne). Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 20: 19-27. 1873.—Remarques sur les espéces du genre Eryngium, a feuilles parallélinerves. Decaisne, Joseph, 1807-1882; Planchon, Jules Emile, 1823-1888 (Dec. & Planch.). Rev. Hortic. IV. 3: 104-109. 16 Mr 1854.—Esquisse d’une monographie des Araliacées. De Candolle: see Candolle. Delarbre, Antoine, 1724-1841 (Delarbre). Fl. Auv. i-xl, 1-220, 1-24, 1-11. 1795.—Flore d’Auvergne, ou recueil des plantes de cette ci-devant province. [Reprinted in 1797. ed. 2., 1800.] Delaroche, Francois, 1780-1813 (Delar. f.). Eryng. 1-70. pl. 1-32. 1808.—Eryngiorum nec non generis novi Alepideae historia. Demcker, Robert, 1825-1912 (Demcker). Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges. 18: 323-326. 1909.—Neue Arten, Varietaten und Hybriden. Desvaux, Nicaise Auguste, 1784-1856 (Desv.). Fl. Anjou i-xxxviii, 1-369. 1827.—Flore de 1l’Anjou, ou exposition méthodique des plantes du département de Maine et Loire et de l’ancien Anjou, d’aprés l’ordre des familles naturelles, avec des observations botaniques et critiques. Jour. de Bot. Desv. 2: 307-318. Au 1809.—Plantes trouvées dans le Haut-Poitou, les unes nouvelles, les autres point indiquées dans le Flore de France. Dietrich, David Nathanael Friedrich, 1799-1888 (D. Dietr.). Syn. Pl. 1839-1852.—Synopsis plantarum seu enumeratio systematica plantarum plerum- que adhuc cognitarum cum differentiis specificis et synonymis selectis ad modum Persoonii elaborata. [In 5 volumes. ] 2: i-iv, 881-1647. 1840. Dietrich, Friedrich Gottlieb, 1768-1850 (Dietr.). Lex. 1802-1810.—Vollstandiges Lexicon der Gartnerei und Botanik. [In 10 volumes, and an index.] 10: I-X 1-654. 1810. Lex. Nachtr. 1815-1824.—Nachtrag zum vollst andigen Lexicon der Gartnerei und Botanik. [In 10 volumes. ] 3: 1-700. 1817. Dippel, Leopold, 1827-1914 (Dippel). Handb. Laubh. 1889-1893.—Handbuch der Laubholzkunde. 1: 1-450. 1889. 2: 1-592. 1892. 3: 1-752. 1893. Don, George, 1798-1856 (G. Don). Gen. Hist. 1831—1838.—A general history of the dichlamydeous plants. [This title was assigned to the work upon its completion; it was issued in four volumes, each subsequently in 12 monthly parts, as ‘‘A general system of gardening and botany.’’] 1: 1-818. 1831. 3: 1-867. 1834. 2: 1-875. N 1832. 4: 1-908. 1838. 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Rhodora 21: 144-147. 7 Au 1919.—The identity of Angelica lucida. Rhodora 26: 89-95. 18 Je 1924.—Polystichum mohrioides and some other subantarctic or Andean plants in the northern hemisphere. {Reprinted in Contr. Gray Herb. 72.] 330 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Rhodora 28: 49-63, 74-87. 11 My 1926; 89-111. pl. 153. 11 Je 1926; 115-129. pl. 154, 155, 22 J1 1926; 145-155.8$ 1926; 161-178. 20S 1926; 181—-204.6 N 1926; 210— 225. 20 D 1926; 234-241. 28 Ja 1927.—T wo summers of botanizing in Newfoundland. {Reprinted as Contr. Gray Herb. 76.] Rhodora 32: 7-9. pl. 193, 194. 25 Ja 1930.—Ligusticum scothicum of the north Atlantic and of the north Pacific. Rhodora 40: 364-424. pl. 509-520. 15 O; 434-459. pl. 521-530. 12 N; 467-485. pl. 531-535. 19 D 1938.—Noteworthy plants of southeastern Virginia. Rhodora 41: 139. 8 Ap 1939.—[Oxypolis Canbyi. . . .] Rhodora 41: 423-461. pl. 559-569. 16 S 1939.—New species, varieties and transfers. Rhodora 42: 239-276. pl. 598-605. 15 Jl; 281-302. pl. 606-625. 13 Au 1940.—Some spermatophytes of eastern North America. Rhodora 42: 355-416. pl. 626. maps 1-26.10; 419-498. f. 1-4. pl. 627-649.9.N; 503- 521. 17 D 1940.—A century of additions to the flora of Virginia. Rhodora 43: 156. 8 Ap 1941.—[ Cornus canadensis L., forma rosea, f. nov. . . .J Rhodora 43: 411, 412. 14 Au 1941.—A hybrid Cornus from Cape Breton. Rhodora 44: 189-191. f. 1-9. 2 My 1942.—Berula pusilla (Nutt.), comb. nov. Fetherston, Edith, (Fetherston). Torreya 32: 6-8. 16 F 1933.—A new Hydrocotyle from western New York. Fiori, Adriano, ; Paoletti, Giulio, 1865— (Fiori & Paol.). Ic. Fl. Ital. 1895-1904.—Iconographia florae italicae. 1-32. f. 1-288. 1895. 269-332. f. 2278-2815. 1901. 33-64. f. 289-544. 1896. 333-380. f. 2816— + 1902: 65-112. f. 555-976. 1898. 381-412. f. . 1903. 113-268. f. 977-2277. 1899. 413-528. f. —4119. 1904, Fischer, Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von, 1782-1854 (Fisch.). Cat. Jard. Gorenki ed. 2. i-viii, 1-76. pl. 1812.—Catalogue du jardin des plantes de Son Excellence Monsieur le Comte Alexis de Razoumofisky, 4 Gorenki. Fitch, Walter Hood, 1817-1892; Smith, Worthington George, 1835-1917 (Fitch & Smith). Ill. Brit. Fl. ed. 4. i-viii, 1-347. f. 1-1315. 1897.— Illustrations of the British flora. Fourth edition. Forbes, Francis Blackwell, 1839-1908; Hemsley, William Botting, 1843-1924 (Forbes & Hemsl.). Jour. Linn. Soc. 23: 1-521. pl. 1-14. map. My 1866-D 1888.—An enumeration of all the plants known from China proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the island of Hongkong, together with their distribution and synonymy. (Ranuncu- laceae—Compositae.) 1-80. 20 My 1886. 241-328. 12 D 1887. 81-162. 23 Jl 1886. 329-400. 12 Je 1888. 163-240. 21 O 1887. 401-521. 29 D 1888. Forster, Johann Reinhold, 1729-1798; Forster, Johann Georg Adam, 1754-1794 (Forst.). Char. Gen. 1-150. pl. 1-75. 1776.—Characteres generum plantarum, quas in itinere ad insulas maris australis, collegerunt, descripserunt, delinearunt, annis MDCCLXXII- MDCCLXXV. Fosberg, Francis Raymond, 1908— (Fosberg). Bull. Torrey Club 69: 583-589. 2 N 1942.— Cornus sericea L. (C. stolonifera Michx.). Fourreau, Pierre Jules, 1844—1871 (Fourr.). Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon II. 16: 301-404. 28 D 1868.—Catalogue des plantes qui croissent spontanément le long du cours du Rhéne. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 331 Frémont, John Charles, 1813-1890 (Frém.). Rep. Calif. 1-693. 1845.—Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the years 1843—'44. U.S. public document; 28th Congr., 2d Sess.; Senate no. 174. Fries Elias Magnus, 1794-1878 (Fries). Summa Veg. Scand. 1-258. 1845; 259-572. 1849.—Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae. eG; (K. G.). Garden 84: 228. illust. 8 My 1920.—Cornus Nuttallit. Gaertner, Joseph, 1732-1791 (Gaertn.) 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Mem. Am. Acad: II. 4: 1-116. 10 F 1849.—Plantae Fendlerianae novi-mexicanae: an account of a collection of plants made chiefly in the vicinity of Santa Fé, New Mexico, by Augustus Fendler. Mem. Am. Acad. II. 6: 377-452. 1859.—Diagnostic characters of new species of phaeno- gamous plants, collected in Japan by Charles Wright, Botanist of the U. S. North Pacific Exploring Expedition. (Published by request of Captain John Rodgers, Commander of the expedition.) With observations upon the relations of the Japanese flora to that of North America, and of other parts of the Northern Temperate Zone. Pl. Wright. 1852-1853.—Plantae Wrightianae texano-neo-mexicanae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 3, art. 5; vol. 5, art. 6. 1: 1-146. pl. 1-10. 1 Mr 1852. 2: 1-119. pl. 11-14. 1 F 1853. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 55-80. 1864.—Enumeration of the species of plants collected by Dr. C. C. Parry, and Messrs. Elihu Hall and J. P. 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Soc. 3: 234-238. 1793.—An account of a poisonous plant, growing spon- taneously in the southern part of Virginia. Grisebach, August Heinrich Rudolf, 1814-1879 (Griseb.). Abh. Ges. Wiss. Gott. 24: 1-345. 1879.—Symbolae ad floram argentinam. Bonplandia 6: 2-12. 15 Ja 1858.—Novitiae florae panamensis. Cat. Pl. Cub. 1-301. 1866.—Catalogus plantarum cubensium. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 1859-1864.—Flora of the British West Indian Islands. 1-192. 1859. 315-506. 1861. 193-315. 1860. 507-789. 1864. Guimpel, Friedrich, 1774-1839; Otto, Christoph Friedrich, 1782-1856; Hayne, Friedrich Gottlob, 1763-1862 (Guimp. Otto & Hayne). Abb. Fremden Holz. 1819-1830.—Abbildung der fremden, in Deutschland ausdauernden Holzarten, fiir Forstmanner, Gartenbesitzer und fiir Freunde der Botanik. Gussone, Giovanni, 1787-1866 (Guss.). FI. Sic. Prodr. 1: i-viii, 1-592, add. 1-11. 1827; 2: 1-586. 1828.—Florae siculae prodromus sive plantarum in Sicilia ulteriori nascentium enumeratio secundum systema Linnaea- num disposita. Hall, Harvey Monroe, 1874-1932 (H. M. Hall). Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 165-176. pl. 20. 28 O 1915.—New and noteworthy Californian plants, II. Hall, Harvey Monroe, 1874-1932; Yates, Harry Stanley, 1888-1938 (Hall & Yates). Bull. Calif. Exp. Sta. 249: 219-247. f. 1-7. Mr 1915.—Stock poisoning plants of California. Hara, Hiroshi, 1911— (Hara). Rhodora 44: 20. 8 Ja 1942.—A purple-flowered form of Cornus canadensis. 334 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Hare, Hobart Amory, 1862-1931; Caspari, Charles, Jr., 1850-1917; Rusby, Henry Hurd, 1855- 1940 (Hare, Caspari & Rusby). Nat. Stand. Dispens. 1-1860, 1-12. 1905.—National standard dispensatory. Harms, Hermann August Theodor, 1870-1942 (Harms). Bot. Jahrb. 23: 126-128. 15S 1896.—Araliaceae {of Mexico and Central America]. In E. & P. Nat. Pf. 38: 250-270. f. 77-86. 1898.—Cornaceae. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 121-124. 1 O 1924.—Uber die Gattung Megalopanax Ekman. Hayne, Friedrich Gottlob, 1763-1832 (Hayne). Dendr. FI. i-xl, 1-245. 1822.—Dendrologische flora der Umgegend und der Garten Berlins. [Title also as: Dendrologische flora oder Beschreibung der in Deutschland im freien ausdauernden Holzgewdchse. Ein Handbuch ftir Kameralisten, Forstmdnner, Landwirthe, Gartenbesitzer u. s. w.] Hegetschweiler, Johannes, 1789-1839 (Hegetschw.). Fl. Schw. i-xxviii, 1-1135. pl. 1-8. 1840.—Flora der Schweiz. [Completed by Oswald Heer.] Hegi, Gustav, 1876-1932 (Hegi). Ill. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 1906—-1931.—TIllustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. {In 7 volumes. ] De 1-674. f. 1662-2102. pl. 175-186. 1925. 5: 675-1562. f. 2103-2602. pl. 187-204. 1926. 5: 1563-2250. f. 2603-3175. pl. 205-222. 1927. 5: 2251-2630. f. 3176-3434. pl. 223-233. 1928. Heller, Amos Arthur, 1867-1944 (A. Heller). Bull. Torrey Club 24: 477-480. 30 O 1897.—Notes on plants of New Mexico. Cat. N. Am. Pl. 1-160. 10 Mr 1898.—Catalogue of North American plants north of Mexico, exclusive of the lower cryptogams. Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 3. 1-276. 1909-1914.—Catalog [of North American plants. ] Contr. Herb. Frankl. & Marsh. 1: 1-116. pl. 1-9. 6 F 1895.—Botanical explorations in southern Texas during the season of 1894. Muhlenbergia 2: 177-256. 31 D 1906; 257-268. 2 Ap 1907.—Botanical exploration in California. Season of 1906. Hemsley, William Botting, 1843-1924 (Hemsl.). Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 1879-1888.—Biologia centrali-americana. Botany. [In 5 volumes. ] 1: i-lxviii. O 1888. 1: 289-384. pl. 16-18. Ap 1880. 1: 1-96. pl. 1-7. S 1879. 1: 385-480. pl. 19-30. Je 1880. 1: 97-192. pl. 8-14. N 1879. 1: 481-576. pl. 31-35. Au 1880. 1: 193-288. pl. 15. F 1880. [Plates for the entire work are collected in volume 5, with title-page and list of plates dated O 1888.] Diagn. Pl. Nov. 1-16. J1 1878; 17-37. J1 1879; 39-56. Ap 1880.—Diagnoses plantarum novarum vel minus cognitarum mexicanarum et centrali-americanarum. Gard. Chron. III. 11: 718. 4 Je 1892.—Oreopanax sandertanum, Hemsl. n. sp. Hook. Ic. pl. 2424. N 1895.—Neogoezia gracilipes, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2425. N 1895.—Neogoezia minor, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2504. F 1897.—Eryngium longipetiolatum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2505. F 1897.—Eryngium paucisquamosum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2506. F 1897.—Eryngium beecheyanum, Hook. et Arn. Hook. Ic. pl. 2507. F 1897.—Eryngium spiculosum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2508. F 1897.—Eryngium sparganophyllum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2509. F 1897.—Eryngium cryptanthum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2510. F 1897.—Eryngium Galeottii, Hemsl. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 335 Hook. Ic. pl. 2511. F 1897.—Eryngium columnare, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2543. My 1897.—Eryngium reptans, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2544. My 1897.—Eryngium deppeanum, Ch. & Schl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2545. My 1897.—Eryngium Schaffneri, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2546. My 1897.—Eryngium leptopodum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2547. My 1897.—Eryngium Cervantesit, Delar. Hook. Ic. pl. 2579. F 1899.—Eryngium Roset, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2580. F 1899.—Eryngium tenuissimum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2581. F 1899.—Eryngium nasturtiifolium, Juss. Hook. Ic. pl. 2638. My 1900.—Eryngium Goldmani, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2765. N 1903.—Eryngium crassisquamosum, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2766. N 1903.—Eryngium pectinatum, Presl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2767. N 1903.—Eryngium medium, Hemsl. Hook. Ic. pl. 2806. D 1906.—Eryngium pilularioides, Hemsley et Rose. Kew. Bull. 1894: 354, 355. O 1894.—Neogoezia, Hemsl. [In ‘‘Decades kewenses. X.’’] Hemsley, William Botting, 1843-1924; Rose, Joseph Nelson, 1862-1928 (Hemsl. & Rose). Henderson, Louis Forniquet, 1853— (Henderson). Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 201, 202. pl. 26. 31 O 1899.—Two new species of plants from the northwestern United States. Rhodora 33: 203-206. 10 O 1931.—New plants from Oregon. Henkel, Alice, 1869-1916 (Henkel). Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Pl. Ind. 107: 1-68. pl. 1-7. 25 O 1907.—American root drugs. Henshaw, Julia Willmothe (Henderson), 18—- (Henshaw). Mountain Fl. Am. 1-384. frontisp. pl. 1-99. 1906.—Mountain wild flowers of America. Heukels, Hendrik, 1854-1936 (Heukels). Fl. Nederl. 2: i-xxiii, 1-695. f. 1-853. 1909.—De flora van Nederland. Heynhold, Gustav, (Heynh.). Nom. 1840—1847.—Nomenclator botanicus hortensis. tf 1-416? 1840. Zs 1-384? 1846. 1: 417?-888. 1841. 2: 385?-774. 1847. Hill, Arthur William, 1875-1941 (A. W. Hill). Jour. Linn. Soc. 47: 525-551. f. 1-16. pl. 19, 20. 24 Je 1927.—The genus Lilaeopsis: a study in geographical distribution. Hill, John, 1716-1775 (Hill). Brit. Herb. 1-533. pl. 1-75. 1756.—The British herbal. Herb. Brit. 1-136. pl. 1-92. 1769; 137-296. pl. 93-195. 1770.—Herbarium britannicum exhibens plantas Britanniae indigenas. Hort. Kew. 1-458. pl. 1-19, 1 unnumb. 1768.—Hortus kewensis. Sistens herbas exoticas, indigenasque rariores, in area botanica, hortorum augustissimae principissae Cambriae dotissae, apud Kew, in Comitatu Surreiano, cultas; methodo florali nova dispositas. Veg. Syst. 1759-1775.—The vegetable system. {In 26 volumes. ] 5: 1-68. pl. 1-53. 1763. 6: 1-64. pl. 1-62. 1764. Hitchcock, Albert Spear, 1865-1935 (Hitchc.). Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 47-179. pl. 11-14. 9 Mr 1893.—Ljist of plants collected in the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Grand Cayman. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 5: 477-532. 14 My 1889.—A catalogue of the Anthophyta and Pteridophyta of Ames, Iowa. Hochstetter, Christian Ferdinand, 1787-1860 (Hochst.). 336 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Hoffmann, Georg Franz, 1761-1826 (Hoffm.). Gen. Umbell. i-xxx, 1-182. 1814.—Genera plantarum umbelliferarum eorumque charac- teres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem omnium fructifi- cationis partium. [3 plates according to Pritzel.] Gen. Umbell. ed. 2. i-xxiv, 1-222, 1-20. pl. 1A, 1B, 2-4. 1816.— Plantarum umbelliferarum genera eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, situm, figuram, et propor- tionem omnium fructificationis et fructus partium. Editio nova, aucta et revisa, sum- tibus impressa fratrum Zosimadum. Accedunt tabulae VI aeri incisae et syllabus spe- cierum officinalium. [Last 20 pages are Syllabus, etc. The copy in Libr. Dep. Agr. has 2 prospectuses bound in. Of the 6 plates, one is the title-page. ] Hoffmann, Ralph, 1870-1932 (R. Hoffm.). Bull. So. Calif. Acad. 31: 101-120. 30 D 1932.—Notes on the flora of the Channel Islands off Santa Barbara, California. IT. [Edited by Philip Alexander Munz.] Hoffmannsegg, Johann Centurius von, 1766-1849; Link, Johann Heinrich Friedrich, 1767-1851 (Hoffmg. & Link). Fl. Port. 1: 1-458. 1809. 2: 1-436. 1820. 3: pl. A—C, 1-109—Flore portugaise ou description de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en Portugal. [Volume 1 lacks pages 55-58. These may never have been printed. Our copy has no indication of the date of the illustrations. Of volume 2 Pritzel says “‘paginas 437-520 ineditas.’’] Holm, Herman Theodor, 1854-1932 (Holm). Mem. Torrey Club 2: 57-108. pl. 5-19. 15 Ap 1891.—Contributions to the knowledge of the germination of some North American plants. Holzinger, John Michael, 1853-1929 (Holz.). Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 205-287. pl. 3, 4. 23 N 1895.—Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandberg and assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892. Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 1817-1911 (Hook. f.). Bot. Mag. pl. 6340. 1 Ja 1878.—Oreopanax Thibautit. Fl. Antarct. 1844-1847.—The botany of the antarctic voyage. I. Flora antarctica. [2 volumes, paged consecutively; issued in 25 parts.] \ 1-92. pl. 1-48. 1844. 281-468. pl. 105-166. 1846. 93-280. pl. 49-104. 1845. 469-574. pl. 167-198. 1847. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1872-1897.—The flora of British India. [In 7 volumes. ] 2: 1-240. My 1876. 2: 241-496. Jl 1878. 2: 497-792. My 1879. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1: i-xxxix, 1-312. pl. I-70. 1852-1853. 2: 1-378. pl. 71-130. 1853-1855.— The botany of the antarctic voyage. II. Flora Novae-Zelandiae. [Issued in 8 parts.] Hooker, William Jackson, 1785-1865 (Hook.). : Bot. Mag. pl. 3092. 1 Au 1831.—Arracacia esculenta. Eatable arracacha. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 21-26; 39-49. 1835.—Notice concerning Mr. Drummond’s collections made chiefly in the southern and western parts of the United States. (Continued.) Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 1-84. 1823. 2: pl. 85-177. 1825. 3: pl. 178-232. 1827.—Exotic flora, containing figures and descriptions of new, rare, or otherwise interesting exotic plants, especially of such as are deserving of being cultivated in our gardens; together with remarks upon their generic and specific characters, natural orders, history, culture, time of flowering, &c. [Pages unnumbered, facing the plates. ] Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 337 Fl. Bor. Am. 1829-1840.—Flora boreali-americana; or, the botany of the northern parts of British America. 1 1-48. pl. 1-18. 1829. 1; 329-351. 1834. 1: 49-96. pl. 19-38. 1830. 2: 1-48. pl. 119-138. 1834. 1: 97-160. pl. 39-58. 1831. 2: 49-192. pl. 139-198. 1838. 1: 161-272. pl. 59-98. 1833. 2: 193-240. pl. 199-218. 1839. 1: 273-328. pl. 99-118. 1833. 2: 241-328. pl. 219-238. 1840. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 206-224. Ap; 225-261. My 1847.—Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s collec- tion of plants gathered in the Upper Missouri, the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portions of the Rocky Mountains. (Continued.) Hooker, William Jackson, 1785-1865; Arnott, George Arnott Walker, 1799-1868 (H. & A.). Bot. Beech. Voy. 1-485. pl. 1-99. 1830-1841.—The botany of Captain Beechey’s voyage. 1-48. pl. 1-10. 1830. 289-384. pl. 60-79. 1838. 49-144. pl. 11-29, 29 bis. 1832. 385-432. pl. 80-89. 1840. 145-192. pl. 30-39. 1833. 433-485. pl. 90-99. 1841. 193-288. pl. 40-59. 1836. Bot. 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Coll. 1786—1796.—Collectanea ad botanicam, chemiam et historiam naturalem spectantia. 1: 1-386. pl. 1-22. 1786. 4: 1-359. pl. 1-27. 1790. 2: 1-374. pl. 1-18. 1788. Suppl. 1-171. pl. 1-16. 1796. 3: 1-306. pl. 1-23. 1789. Enum. Pl. Carib. 1-41. 1760.—Enumeratio systematica plantarum quas in insulis caribaeis vicinaque americes continente detexit. Fl. Austr. 1773-1778.—Florae austriacae, sive plantarum selectarum in Austriae Archi- ducatu sponte crescentium, icones. 1: 1-61. pl. 1-100. 1773. 4: 1-53. pl. 301-400. 1776. 2: 1-60. pl. 101-200. 1774. 5: 1-56. pl. 401-450. App. pl. 1-50. 1778. 3: 1-55. pl. 201-300. 1775. Hort. Schoenb. 1797—1804.—Plantarum rariorum horti caesarii schoenbrunnensis descrip- tiones et icones. 1: 1-70. pl. 1-129. 1797. 3: 1-80. pl. 251-400. 1798. 2: 1-68. pl. 130-250. 1797. 4: 1-56. pl. 401-500. 1804. Hort. Vind. 1770—-1777.—Hortus botanicus vindobonensis. 1: 1- pl. i 1770. 2: =-95. pl. =200. 1773. 1: -44. pl. —100. 1771. 321 el 1776. 2:45— pl. 101- Wes 3: —52. pl._ -100. 1777. Ic. Pl. Rar. 1781—-1793.—Icones plantarum rariorum. [The plates were issued in parts of 25 plates each, without regard to the sequence later assigned to them.] 1: 1-20. 1786. pl. 1-200. 1781-1786. 2: 1-22. 1793. pl. 201-454. 1786-1793. 3: 1-24. 1793. pl. 455-648. 1786-1793. Sel. Stirp. Am. 1-284. pl. 1-183. 1763.—Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia. Sel. Stirp. Pict. 1-137. pl. 1-264. 1780.—Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia. Adjectis iconibus ad autoris archetypa pictis. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 339 Jaeger, Edmund Carroll, 1887— (E. Jaeger). Des. Wild FI. i-xii, 1-322. illust. 1940.—Desert wild flowers. [Numbers below figures apply to species, not figures; several have the same number. ] James, Edwin, 1797-1861 (James). Jennings, Otto Emery, 1877- (O. Jennings). Jepson, Willis Linn, 1867— (Jepson). Econ. Pl. Calif. 1-223. f. 1-12 [+4]. 26 Mr 1924.—A flora of the economic plants of Cali- fornia for agricultural students. Erythea 1: 8-10. 2 Ja 1893.—Studies in the Californian Umbelliferae—I. Erythea 1: 62, 63. 1 Mr 1893.—Studies in Californian Umbelliferae—II. Fl. Calif. 1909- .—A flora of California. [Volume 2 and parts of volumes 1 and 3 have appeared. ] 2: 1-16: 17S 1936. 2: 17-176. f. 128-161. 15 F 1936. 2: 177-336. f. 162-206. 20 Jl 1936. 2: 337-684. f. 207-279. 17 S 1936. [The figures are inserted plates. There is also a frontispiece. ] Fl. W. Middle Calif. 1-625. 16 Ap 1901.—A flora of western middle California. Fl. W. Middle Calif. ed. 2. 1-515. 25 Ja 1911.—A flora of western middle California. Second edition. Madronio 1: 10la—114. f. 1-8. 10 Ap 1923; 117-130. f. 9-18. 30 Ap 1923; 133-146. f. 19-30. 13.0 1923; 149-162. f. 31-38. 2 Ja 1924; 281-285. 31 D 1929.—A revision of Californian Umbelliferae. [p. ‘101, 102” should be cited as 10la, 102a (see p. 286); they duplicate 101, 102 in the previous issue. | Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 1-1238. 1923-1925.—A manual of the flowering plants of California. I—S2 2A EN L925. 769-960. 23 S 1925. 33-128. 28 S 1923. 961-1170. 24 N 1925. 129-384. 6 D 1923. 1171-1238. 1925. ‘ 385-768. 14 Ap 1925. Jessen, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1821-1889 (Jessen). Deuts. Exc.-Fl. 1-711. F 1879.—Deutsche Excursions-Flora. Johnson, Charles Pierpoint, —1893; Sowerby, John Edward, —1870 (Johnson & Sowerby). Brit. Wild Fl. p/. 1-82. 1860.—British wild flowers. Johnston, Ivan Murray, 1898— (I. M. Johnston). Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 61-92. 1 Ap 1924.—Taxonomic records concerning American spermatophytes. ; Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 117-128. 27 Ap 1938. Some undescribed species from Mexico and Guatemala. Jones, George Neville, 1904— (G. N. Jones). FI. Ill. 1-317. map. Ap 1945.—Flora of Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat. Monog. 2. Univ. Wash. Publ. 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Vols. 1-3 (1826-1829) as Bulletin d’histoire naturelle de la Sociéfé Linnéenne de Bordeaux. Vols. 1-62 (1826-1908) also numbered in 7 series. Acta Hort. Petrop.—Acta horti petropolitani. Vols. 144. 1871-1931. Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn.—Acta literaria universitatis hafniensis. Vol. 1. 1778. Addisonia—Addisonia. Colored illustrations and popular descriptions of plants. Vols. 1-22—. 1916-1945—. Allg. Bot. Zeits.—Allgemeine botanische Zeitschrift. Vols. 1-33. 1895-1927. Am. Jour. Bot.—American journal of botany. Vols. 1-32—. 1914-1945—. Am. Jour. Sci—The American journal of science and arts. Vols. 1-50. 1818-1845. Vol. 1. was entitled: The American journal of science, more especially of mineralogy, geology, and the other branches of natural history; including also agriculture and the orna- mental as well as useful arts. Am. Jour. Sci. Il.—The American journal of science and arts. Second series. Vols. 1-50. 1846-1870. Am. Midl. Nat.—The American midland naturalist. Vols. 1-31—. 1909-1945—. The first four issues (1: 1-104) as The midland naturalist. Am. Mo. Mag.—The American monthly magazine and critical review. Vols. 1-4. 1817-1819. Am. Nat.—The American naturalist. Vols. 1-79—. 1867-1945—. Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana—Anales de la (Real) Academia de Ciencias médicas, fisicas y naturales dela Habana. Vols. 1-74. 1864-1937. Anal. Ci. Nat.—Anales de ciencias naturales. Vols. 3-7. 1801-1804. Continuation of Anales de historia natural. Anal. Hist. Nat.—Anales de historia natural. Vols. 1,2. 1799-1800. Continued as Anales de ciencias naturales. Anal. Soc. Ci. Argent.—Anales de la Sociedad cientifica argentina. Vols. 1-139—. 1874- 1945—. Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.—Anales de la Sociedad espafiola de historia natural. Vols. 1-30. 1872-1901. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys.—Annales générales des sciences physiques. Vols. 1-8. 1819-1821. Ann. Inst. Col. Marseille—Annales de l'Institut colonial de Marseille. Vols. 1-14. 1893-1906. 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Annales de botanique et d’horticulture. Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges.—Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Vols. 1-69—. 1883-1941—. Bibl. Univ. Sci. & Arts—Bibliothéque universelle des sciences, belles-lettres et arts. Sciences et arts [series]. Vols. 1-60. 1816-1835. Continuation of Bibliothéque britannique; continued as Bibliothéque universelle de Genéve. Besides the series entitled Sciences et arts, there were two others, dealing with literature and with agriculture. Biol. Abstr.—Biological abstracts. Vols. 1-19—. 1926-1945—. Boissiera—Boissiera. Fasc. 1-7—. 1936-1943—. “Supplément de Candollea.’’ Largely extracted from other publications. Bonplandia—Bonplandia. Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte Botanik. Vols. 1-10. 1853-1862. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.—Boston journal of natural history. Vols. 1-7. 1834-1863. Bot. Cab.—The botanical cabinet. pl. 1-2000. 1817-1853. In 20 volumes. Bot. Calif.—Geological Survey of California. Botany. Vols. 1,2. 1876-1880. Bot. Gaz.—The botanical gazette. Vols. 2-106—. 1876-1945—. Continuation of (Vol. 1) Botanical bulletin. Bot. Jahrb.—Botanische Jahrbiicher fiir Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeo- graphie. Vols. 1-71—. 1880-1941—. Bot. Mag.—Curtis’s botanical magazine (or, flower-garden displayed). Vols. 1-164— (pl. 1I-9666—-). 1787-1944—». General indexes [to Vols. 1-53, 1787-1826]. 1828. A new and complete index [to Vols. 1-130, 1787-1904]. 1906. Vols. 1-14 were entitled: The botanical magazine, or flower-garden displayed. The last four words were dropped in 1845, with Vol. 71. Various explanatory phrases have also formed part of the title. Vols. 54-70 (1826-1844) were also numbered as New series, Vols. 1-17; Vols. 71-130 (1845-1904) as Series III, Vols. 1-60; Vols. 131-146 (1905-1920) as Series IV, Vols. 1-16. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 369 Bot. Mag. Tokyo—The botanical magazine. Vols. 1-55. 1887-1941. Vols. 1-10 have title-pages in Japanese only, but at least some covers in English. Vols. 11-16 were ‘‘edited by the Tokyo Botanical Society.”’ Vols. 17-45 were “‘published by the Tokyo Botanical Society.” Vols. 46-55 were “‘published by the Botanical Society of Japan.” Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv.—Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. Vol- ume II. Part I. Botany of the boundary. 1-270, 1-78. Ap 1859. Bot. Misc.—Botanical miscellany. Vols. 1-3. 1829-1833. See Kew Bull. 1936: 85-94. Bot. Surv. Nebr.—University of Nebraska. Botanical survey of Nebraska. Vols. 1-7. 1892- 1904. Later issues (New series) were reprinted from other serials. Bot. Zeit.— Botanische Zeitung. Vols. 1-68. 1843-1910. Brittonia—Brittonia. A series of botanical papers. Vols. 1-5—. 1931-1945—. Bull. Acad. Belg. II.—Bulletins de 1’Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 2me série. Vols. 1-50. 1857-1881. Bull. Bot. Seringe—Bulletin botanique ou collection de notices originales et d’extraits des ouvrages botaniques . . . par N. C. Seringe. 1830-1832. Bull. Calif. Acad.—Bulletin of the California Academy of Science. Vols. 1,2. 1884-1887. Bull. Calif. Exp. Sta.—University of California. (College of Agriculture.) Agricultural Ex- periment Station. Bulletin. Nos. 1-690—. 1874—1945—. Bull. Colo. Exp. Sta.—Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Colorado State College. Bulletin. Nos. 1486—. 1890—-1944—. Title varies. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II.—Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier. 2me série. Vols. 1-8. 1900-1909. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.— Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. Vols. 1-13. 1896-1929. Bull. N. Y. Publ. Lib.— Bulletin of the New York Public Library. Vols. 1-49—. 1897-1945—. Bull. N. Y. State Mus.—Museum bulletin. Education department bulletin. N. Y. State Museum. Nos. 1-327. 1887-1942. Different numbers are assigned each bulletin as a Museum bulletin and as an Education department bulletin. The title has varied greatly. Nos. 1-54 were numbered also as Vols. 1-10 (1887-1902). Nos. 1-46 were entitled Bulletin of the New York State Museum (of Natural History). The present title begins with no. 119. No. 1 is dated Mr 1892; no. 2 is dated 1887. Bull. So. Calif. Acad.—Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Vols. 1-44—. 1902-1945—. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.—Bulletin de la Société botanique de France. Vols. 1-86. 1854-1939. Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II.—Bulletin de la Société botanique de Genéve. 2me série. Vols. 1-23—. 1909-1942—. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.—Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou. Vols. 1-62. 1829-1887. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Il.—Bulletin de la Société (impériale) des naturalistes de Moscou. Nouvelle série. Vols. 147—. 1887-1938—. In two sections (biologique, géologique) since 1917. ‘Title also in Russian from that time. Bull. Torrey Club—Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. Vols. 1-72—. 1870-1945—. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agr.—U. S. Department of Agriculture. Bulletin. Nos. 1-1500. 1913-1929. Index of Department Bulletins. 1936. Nos. 1-226 as Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bot.—(U. S.) Department of Agriculture. Division of Botany. Bulle- tin. Nos. 1-29. 1886-1901. Earlier numbers have ‘‘Botanical Division.” Bull. U. S. Dep. Agr. Pl. Ind.—U. S. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Plant Industry— Bulletin. Nos. 1-285. 1901-1913. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.—Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Bulletin. Nos. 1-185—. 1875-1944—. 370 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28B, Bull. Univ. Mont. Biol.— Bulletin of the University of Montana. Biological series. Nos. 1-15. 1901-1910. Bull. W. Va. Exp. Sta.—Agricultural Experiment Station. College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Home Economics. West Virginia University. Bulletin. Nos. 1-315—. 1888— 1943—. Canad. Dep. Agr. Farms. Bull. Il.—Canada. Department of Agriculture. Farmers’ Bulle- tin. Nos. 1-128—. 1936-1945—. . Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ.—Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publications. Vols. 1-550—. 1902-1943—. Castanea—Castanea. The journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Club. Vols. 1-10—. 1936-1945—. 3 Colo. Expl. Exp.—Report upon the Colorado River of the West, explored in 1857 and 1858 by Lieutenant Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topographical Engineers. Vols. 1-5. App. A-D. 1860-1861. Comp. Bot. Mag.—Companion to the Botanical magazine. Vols. 1, 2. 1835-1837. See Kew Bull. 1933: 362-364. Contr. Bot. Lab. Univ. Pa.—Contributions from the botanical laboratory (and the Morris Arboretum) of the University of Pennsylvania. Vols. 1-14—. 1892-1939—. Vols. 1, 2 as: Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Contribution from the botanical laboratory. Contr. Gray Herb.—Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. (New series.) Nos. 1-152—. 1891-1944—. The early numbers were mostly reprinted from other serials; beginning with no. 52 many are original publications. The words “‘new series’ appear only occasionally after no. 75. Contr. Herb. Frankl. & Marsh.—Contributions from the herbarium of Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. Vol. 1. 1895. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.—Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Vols. 1-29—. 1890-1945—. Denks. Bot. Ges. Regensb.—Denkschriften der K6niglich-(baierischen) botanischen Gesell- schaft in Regensburg. Vols. 1-6. 1815-1890. Vols. 7-12 (Neue Folge, Vols. 1-6). 1898-1913. The title appears as Denkschriften der Kgl. bayr. botanischen Gesellschaft; der K. bayer. botanischen Gesellschaft; etc. Edinb. Jour. Scii—Edinburgh journal of science. Vols. 1-10. 1824-1829. Erythea—Erythea, a journal of botany, West American and general. Vols. 1-8. 1893-1922. Field Mus. Publ. Bot.—Publications of Field Museum of Natural History. Botanical Series. Vols. 1-23. 1895-1944. Vols. 1, 2 as Publications of the Field Columbian Museum. Individual parts are entitled: Field Museum of Natural History. Publication. Botanical Series. Fl. Dan.—Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regno Daniae et Norvegiae, in ducatibus Slesvici et Holsatiae, et in comitatibus Oldenburgi et Delmenhorstiae: ad illustrandum opus. . . . Florae danicae nomine inscriptum. Nos. 1-51 (pl. 1-3060). 1761-1883. Fl. Dan. Suppl.—Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Sueciae et Norvegiae, supple- mentum operis Florae danicae nomine inscripti. Nos. 1-3 (pl. 1-180). 1833-1874. Flora—Flora, oder (allgemeine) botanische Zeitung. Vols. 1-136—. 1818-1943—. Allge- meines Sach- und Namen-Register [to Vols. 1-25]. 1851. Vols. 26-75 (1843-1892) form Neue Reihe, Vols. 1-30. Vols. 101—136-(1910-1943) are also numbered as Neue Folge, Vols. 1-36. Gard. Chron. III.—The gardeners’ chronicle. Third series. Vols. 1-117—. 1887-1945—. Garden—The Garden. Vols. 1-91. 1871-1927. Garden & Forest—Garden and Forest. Vols. 1-10. 1888-1897. Gartenflora—Gartenflora. Vols. 1-83. 1852-1934. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Mag.—Der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Magazin fiir die neusten Entdeckungen in der gesammten Naturkunde. Vols. 1-8. 1807-1818. Part 2, 1945] BIBLIOGRAPHY 371 Hook. Ic.—(Hooker’s) Icones plantarum; or figures . . . of new or rare plants, selected from the Kew herbarium. Vols. 1-35— (pl. 1-3425—>). 1837-1940—. Vols. 1-10 had “from the author’s herbarium. By Sir William Jackson Hooker.” The volumes are numbered also in 5 series. Jour. Acad. Phila.—Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vols. 1-8. 1817-1842. Jour. Acad. Phila. I1.—Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Second series. Vols. 1-16. 1847-1918. Jour. Arnold Arb.—Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. Vols. 1-26—. 1920-1945—. Jour. Bot.—The journal of botany, British and foreign. Vols. 1-80—. 1863-1942—. Jour. Bot. Schrad.—Journal fiir die Botanik. Herausgegeben von Medicinalrath Schrader. 1799-1801. 1799-1803. Jour. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo—Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University (of Tokyo), (Japan). Vols. 1-45. 1887-1925. Continued as Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo; in 5 sections. Jour. de Bot. Desv.—Journal de botanique, rédigée par une société de botanistes. Vols. 1, 2. 1808, 1809. Edited by Nicaise Auguste Desvaux. Jour. de Phys.—Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts. Vols. 1-96. 1773-1823. Jour. Linn. Soc.—Journal of the Linnean Society (of London). Botany. Vols. 1-52—>. 1856-1944—. Vols. 1-8 as Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. Jour. Russe Bot.—Journal russe de botanique. 1908-1915. Title also in Russian. Jour. Soc. Bibl. Nat. Hist.—The Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural His- tory. Vol. 1% +, 1936-1940—. Jour. Wash. Acad.—Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Vols. 1-35—, 1911— 1945—. Kew Bull.—Royal (Botanic) Gardens, Kew. Bulletin of miscellaneous information. 1887- 1941—. Leafl. W. Bot.—Leaflets of western botany. Vols. 14—. 1932-1945 . Linn. Samf. Hand!l.—Linnéska samfundet handlingar. Vol. 1. 1832. Linnaea—Linnaea. Ein Journal fiir die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange. Vols. 1-43. 1826-1882. Lond. Jour. Bot.—The London journal of botany. Vols. 1-7. 1842-1848. Madrofio—Madrofio. A West American journal of botany. Vols. 1-8—. 1916-1945—. Vols. 1, 2 as: Madrofio. Journal of the California Botanical Society. Mazama—Mazama. A record of mountaineering in the Pacific Northwest. Vols. 1-27—. 1896-1945—. Med. Repos. II.—The medical repository. Second hexade. Vols. 1-6. 1803-1809. . Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI.—Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de Saint-Péters- bourg. Série VI. Sciences mathématiques, physiques et naturelles. Vols. 1-10. 1830— 1859. Except in Vols. 1, 2, all botanical papers were in part 2 of each volume. See Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 11-18. Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersb. VII.—Mémoires de l’Académie impériale des sciences de Saint-Péters- bourg. VIle série. Vols. 1-42. 1859-1897. Mem. Am. Acad. II.—Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New series. Vols. 1-19—. 1833-1941—. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.—Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Vols. 1-6. 1900-1916. Mem. N. Y. State Mus.—Memoirs of the New York State Museum. Vols. 1-3 (nos. 1-4). 1889-1900. Nos. 5-16. 1903-1923. 372 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, Mém. Soc. Bot. Fr.—Mémoires publiés par la Société botanique de France. Vols. 1-7 (nos. 1-30). 1905-1921. ‘These were issued as supplements to the Bulletin de la Société botanique de France, and are so titled on the covers. ‘They are separately paged. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve—Mémoires de la Société de physique et d’histoire naturelle de Genéve. Vols. 1-41—. 1821-1935—. Mem. Torrey Club—Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. Vols. 1-20'+. 1889-1943—. Mitt. Deuts. Dendr. Ges.— Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. Vols. 1-33. 1892-1923. Miller’s Gartner-Zeit.—Mller’s deutsche Gartner-Zeitung. Vols. 1-54. 1886-1939. Mont. Agr. Coll. Stud.—Montana Agricultural College science studies. Botany. Vol. 1. 1904, 1905. Muhlenbergia—Muhlenbergia. Vols. 1-9. 1900-1915. Variously subtitled as ‘‘an illustrated monthly journal of botany, botany, issued at irregular intervals.” N. Am. Fauna—North American fauna. Nos. 1-57—. 1889-1941—. Nos. 1-12 (1889-1896) were headed: U. S. Department of Agriculture. Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy. Nos. 13-56 (1897-1938) were issued by the Division (Bureau) of Biological Survey. The current cover bears the heading: United States Department of the Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service. Naturaleza II.—lLa Naturaleza. Periddico cientifico de la Sociedad mexicana de historia natural. Segunda serie. Vols. 1-3. 1887-1903. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin—Notizblatt des (K6nigl.) Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin (-Dahlem). Vols. 1-14. 1895-1918. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mosc.—Nouveaux mémoires de la Société (impériale) des naturalistes de Moscou. Vols. 1-20. 1829-1940. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol.—Nova acta Academiae caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae naturae curiosorum. Vols. 1-110. 1758-1928. Vols. 107-110 (1923-1928) have the title of the Academy in German only. N. Y. State Coll. For. Tech. Publ.—Bulletin of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Technical Publication. Nos. 1-64—. 1914-1944—. Nos. 1-20 (1914-1927) were entitled: Technical Publication of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Pacif. R. R. Rep.—Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Vols. 1-13. 18 -1860. Botanical papers (mostly separately paged) are contained in Vols. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12. Papers Mich. Acad.—Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters. Vols. 1-29—. 1923-1943—. Phytologia—Phytologia. Vols. 1, 21%. 1933-1944—. Published by photo-offset. Proc. Acad. Phila.—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vols. 1-8 (for 1841-1856). 1841-1857. 1857-1900. 1857-1901. Vols. 53-96 (for 1901— 1944)—. 1901-1944—. Proc. Am. Acad.—Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vols. 1-76—. ’ ’ and as “‘a journal of 1846-1945—. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.—Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Vols. 1-58—. 1882-1945—. Proc. Calif. Acad.—Proceedings of the California Academy of (Natural) Sciences. Vols. 1-7. 1854-1877. Proc. Calif. Acad. II.—Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Second series. Vols. 1-6. 1887-1897. Proc. Calif. Acad. II.—Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. ‘Third series. Botany. Vols. 1,2. 1897-1904. Part 2, 1945} BIBLIOGRAPHY 373 Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.—Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. Fourth series Vols. 1-25—. 1907—1944—. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.—Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vols. 1-96—. 1878-1945—. Proc. Wash. Acad.—Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Vols. 1-13. 1899- 1911. Superseded by Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Refug. Bot.—Refugium botanicum. pl. 1-360. 1868-1873. Appendixes 1-18. 1870. In 5 volumes. Rep. Comm. Agr. U. S.—Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture [of the United States]. 1862-1888. 1863-1869. Rep. Mich. Acad.—(First, etc.) report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Vols. 1-22. 1900-1921. = Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard.—Missouri Botanical Garden. Annual Report. Vols. 1-23. 1890-1912. Repert. Nov. Sp.—Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis. Vols. 1-7. 1905-1909. Continued as Repertorium specierum novarum. .. . Repert. Sp. Nov.—Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. Vols. 846—. 1910- 1939—. Rev. Hortic.—Revue horticole. Vols. 1-6. 1829-1845. II. Vols. 4, 5. 1845-1846. III. Vols. 1-5. 1847-1851. IV. Vols. 1-5. 1852-1856. 1857-1865. Vols. (Années) 37- 109. 1866-1937. Rev. Sudam. Bot.—Revista sudamericana de botanica. Vols. 1- . 1934— Rhodora—Rhodora; journal of the New England Botanical Club. Vols. 1-74—. 1899-1945, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico—Scientific survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vols. 5-8. 1923-1939. Other volumes contain no botanical papers. Smithson. Contr. Knowl.—Smithsonian contributions to knowledge. Vols. 1-34. 1847-1907. Smithson. Misc. Coll.—Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. Vols. 1-104—. 1862-1945—. Sv. Bot.—Svensk botanik. pl. 1-774. 1802-1838. Sv. Bot. Tidskr.—Svensk botanisk tidskrift. Vols. 1-33—. 1907—1939—. Symb. Ant.—Symbolae antillanae, seu fundamenta florae Indiae occidentalis. Vols. 1-6. 1898-1921. Torreya—Torreya. Vols. 1-45. 1901-1945. Trans. Acad. St. Louis—Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vols. 1-30. 1857-1941. Trans. Agr. Hort. Soc. Jamaica—Transactions of the agricultural and horticultural society of Jamaica. Copy seen has no date, no title. The Society was 6 years old at the end of 1830. The Transactions were apparently published a few leaves at atime. Cf. Linnaea 4: Lit.-Ber. US), Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.—Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, held at Phila- delphia, for promoting useful knowledge. Vols. 1-6. 1771-1809. Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc.—Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society. Vols. 1-17. 1906-1941. Trans. Wis. Acad.—Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. Vols. 1-35—. 1872-1943—. Trop. Woods—Tropical woods. Nos. 1-82—. 1925-1945—. U. S. Dep. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Invent. Seed & Pl. Introd.—U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry. Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction. Inventory of seeds and plants intro- duced by the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction. Nos. 1-132. 1899-1942. Nos. 1-1968—. 1889-1945—. U. S. Dep. Agr. Farm. Bull.—United States Department of Agriculture. Farmers’ Bulletin. Nos. 1-1968—. 1889-1945—. 374 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, U. S. Expl. Exp.—United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. N. Vols. 15-17, 19. 1854-1876. These volumes contained the botany of the expedition. Vol. 18 was never published. See Bull. N. Y. Publ. Lib. 45: 833-849. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.—University of California publications (in) botany. Vols. 1-20—. 1902-1943—. Univ. Missouri Stud. Scii—The University of Missouri studies. Science series. Vols. 1-3. 1905-1918. Continued as The University of Missouri studies. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol.—University of Washington publications in biology. Vols. 1-11—. 1932-1941—. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand.—Verhandlungen des botanischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg. Vols. 1-78. 1860-1938. Vidensk. Meddel.—Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjgben- havn. 1849-1910. 1849-1911. Vols. 63-102. 1912-1939. Also numbered in series II-VII (1859-1919) of 10 volumes each and series VIII (1920- 1928) of 16 volumes. Continuous numbering of volumes began with Vol. 3 of series VII. The title before 1909 was: Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjgbenhavn. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich—Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Ziirich. Vols. 1-87—. 1856-1942—. Webbia—Webbia, raccolta di scritti botanici publicati in occasione del 50° anniversario della morte de Filippo Barker Webb. Vols. 1-5. 1905-1928. Wochenschr. Gartn.—Wochenschrift des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gartenbaues in den K6niglich Preussischen Staaten fiir Gartnerei und Pflanzenkunde. Vols. 1-15. 1858- 1872. Zoe:—Zoe. Vols. 1-5. 1890-1908. INDEX Numbers in bold face refer to pages on which descriptions appear; those in ilalic to pages on which names appear as synonyms; those in ordinary type to pages on which names occur in keys or in notes or are incidentally mentioned. Subspecific epithets are included without indication of rank under their species. Subgeneric names should likewise be sought under their genera, after the species. Achemora trifoliata, 220 Actinanthus, 157 Actinophyllum Belangeri, 27 Sciadophyllum, 27 troyanum, 26 Adorium, 124 crassifolium, 125 Hookeri, 125 lucidum, 125 tenuifolium, 126 Aegopodium, 48, 134 Podagraria, 134 Aethusa, 45, 159 capillacea, 163 Cynapium, 159 divaricata, 72 leptophylla, 129 pinnata, 165 Agostana, 135 Agrostana, 135 Alacospermum, 1/04 Aletes, 47, 126 acaulis, 127 Davidsoni, 187 humilis, 127 MacDougali, 127 obovata, 127 tenuifolia, 126 Ammi, 46, 49, 138 capillaceum, 162, 163 costatum, 163 divaricatum, 72 Falcaria, 139 junceum, 163 majus, 138, 163 rubricaule, 163 Visnaga, 138, 295 Ammoselinum, 45, 103 Butleri, 103 giganteum, 103, 104 Popei, 103 Anethum, 49, 203 Foeniculum, /2/ graveolens, 203 Pastinaca, 260 Angelica, 49, 51, 119, 192 ampla, 193, 195 Archangelica, 194 arguta, 194, 201 atropurpurea, 193, 194 occidentalis, 194 Breweri, 193, 197 californica, 197 Canbyi, 193, 198 Curtisii, 201 Dawsoni, 194, 200 Angelica dentata, 193, 195 dilatata, 198 genuflexa, 193, 199 Grayi, 194, 200 Hendersoni, 193, 196 integrifolia, 122 Kingii, 193, 196 laurentiana, 193, 195 leporina, 198 levisticum, 203 lineariloba, 193, 196 Culbertsonii, 196 lobata, 145 lucida, 193, 194 Lyallii, 201 mexicana, 207 Nelsoni, 194, 201 paludapifolia, 203 pinnata, 193, 198 Piperi, 201 polycarpa, 201 Pringlei, 201 scabrida, 193, 197 scotica, 144 Seatoni, 201 spinosa, 5 tomentosa, 193, 197 californica, 197 elata, 197 triquinata, 194, 201 venenosa, 193, 199 verticillata, 145 villosa, 199 Wheeleri, 193, 198 Angelophyllum, 192 Anidrum, 150 americanum, 151 Anisum odoratum, 295 officinarum, 133 vulgare, 133 Anthriscus, 45, 49, 114, 294 Anthriscus, 115 Cerefolium, 114 scandicina, 114, 115, 294 Scandix, 115 sylvestris, 114, 115 vulgaris, 115 Antriscus fetidus, 294 Apiastrum, 45, 46, 71 angustifolium, 71 tenellum, 7/ latifolium, 71 Apium, 46, 47, 129, 295 Ammi, 129, 138 genuinum, 129 leptophyllum, 129 375 376 Apium Ammi-majus, 138 Anisum, 133 antarcticum, 130 australe, 129, 130 Berula, 151 bipinnatum, 191 Butleri, 103 cicutaefolium, /52 crispum, 132 depressum, 129 divaricatum, 72 echinatum, 72 graveolens, 129, 130 leptophyllon, 129 leptophyllum, 129 Maclovianum, 1/30 nodiflorum, 129, 131, 295 repens, 131 patens, 72 Petroselinum, 131, 132 Podagraria, 134 Popei, 103 prostratum, 130 repens, 129, 131, 295 Saxifragum, 133 ternatum, 144, 194 Visnaga, 138 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 288, Aralia trifolia, 10 triphylla, 10 tuxtlensis, 17 xalapensis, 32 Araliaceae, 1, 3 Archangelica, 192 atropurpurea, 194 dentata, 195 Gmelini, 194 hirsuta, 199 officinalis, 194 peregrina, 194 villosa, 199 Archemora, 219 ambigua, 220 denticulata, 220 Fendleri, 221 rigida, 220 ternata, 220 tricuspidata, 220 Arctocrania, 299 canadensis, 310 suecica, 3/1 unalaschkensis, 310 Arracacha, 90 esculenta, 100 Arracacia, 47, 48, 49, 90, 119 vulgare, 130 acuminata, 93 Apium sect. Cyclospermum, 1/29 aegopodioides, 91, 96 Aralia, 3, 4 anomala, 92, 101 arborea, 14, 16 arizonica, 5 bicrenata, 5 brevifolia, 6 californica, 4, 6 acuminata, 6 capitata, 36 chilapensis, 6 echinops, 32 erinacea, 1/ fruticosa, 17 Ghiesbreghtii, 32. guatimalensis, 40 hispida, 4, 7 humilis, 4, 6 Leroana, 5 lobata, 34 longifolia, 35 mexicana, 32 micans, 12 Miihlenbergiana, 7 nudicaulis, 4, 5 elongata, 5 prolifera, 5 occidentalis, 1/ ovata, 36 pinnata, 6 pubescens, 6 quinquefolia, 9, 10 racemosa, 4, 5 Regeliana, 4, 7 scabra, 6 Sciodaphyllum, 27 scopulorum, 4, 7 spinosa, 4, 5 subinermis, 5 Thibautii, 32 arguta, 85, 91, 92, 97 atropurpurea, 91, 97 brevipes, 92, 98 bracteata, 91, 95 Brandegei, 92, 98 sylvatica, 92, 98 brevipes, 98 chiapensis, 95 chirripoi, 91, 93 compacta, 92, 101 Coulteri, 96 decumbens, 83 dissecta, 94 Donnell-Smithii, 92, 100 Dugesii, 94 edulis, 92, 101 filiformis, 87 fruticosa, 91, 92, 94 Hemsleyana, 91, 93 humilis, 97 irazuensis, 97 longipedunculata, 91, 92, 96 Luxeana, 97 mariana, 88 montana, 94 multifida, 94 Nelsoni, 91, 92, 96 nudicaulis, 87 ovata, 92, 99 Parishii, 86 Pringlei, 92, 98 pubescens, 92, 100 Purpusii, 96 refracta, 199 rigida, 91, 95 Roseana, 193, 199 Schiedei, 91, 93 Schneideri, 93, 102 Part 2, 1945] Arracacia tapalpae, 83 tenuifolia, 94 ternata, 92, 99 tolucensis, 91, 94 multifida, 91, 94 trifida, 83 vaginata, 93, 102 xanthorrhiza, 91, 92, 100 Asciadium, 44, 51 coronopifolium, 51 Asteriscium, 44, 61 chilense, 61 flexuosum, 61 Ataenia erythrorrhiza, 141 Howellii, 140 Kelloggii, 140 Lemmonii, /42 oregana, 1/41 Atenia, 1/39 Gairdneri, 141 Garrettii, 141 montana, 14] Athamanta cherophyloides, 116 chinensis, 191 Libanotis, 154 Atrema, 150 americanum, 151 Aulosolena, 63 laciniata, 68 Menziesii, 65 Aulospermum, 170 aboriginum, /82 angustum, 177 basalticum, 1/73 Betheli, 176 cinerarium, 172 duchesnense, 174 ibapense, 177 Jonesii, 176 longipes, 177 minimum, 175 panamintense, 182 acutifolium, 182 planosum, 1/76 purpureum, 176 Rosei, 174 Watsoni, 1/77 Babiron, 1/12, 293, 294 dichotomum, 72 divaricatum, 72 pusillum, 72, 113, 294 Balansaea, 117 Ballimon, 112 maritimum, 1/3, 294 muricatum, 1/3, 294 Bancroftia, 90 xanthorrhiza, 1/00 Bellia, 117 temulenta, 117 Benthamia, 299 disciflora, 308 florida, 308 grandis, 308 Nuttallii, 309 Benthamidia, 299 florida, 308 rubra, 309 Urbiniana, 309 INDEX Benthamidia Nuttallii, 309 Berla, 151 Berula, 47, 48, 151 angustifolia, 151 erecta, 151 pusilla, 151 Biasolettia, 117 Bifora, 45, 150 americana, 150, 151 radians, 150, 151 testiculata, 150 Biforis, 150 Botryodendrum capitatum, 36 Bowlesia, 44, 60 geranitifolia, 61 incana, 60, 61 crassifolia, 6/ tenera, 61 lobata, 61 palmata, 60, 61 septentrionalis, 61 tenera, 61 Bubon Libanotis, 154 Bunium Falcaria, 139 Bupleurum, 44, 46, 47, 135 americanum, 135 angulosum, 135 Fontanesii, 135, 136, 295 Odontites, 136 Fontanesii, 136 perfoliatum, 136 rotundifolium, 136 protractum, 137 purpureum, /35 ranunculoides, 135 arcticum, 135 triradiatum arcticum, 135 rotundifolium, 135, 136 B, 137 subovatum, 137 typicum, 136 rupestre, 137 subovatum, 135, 137 triradiatum ajanense, 136 arcticum, 136 humilius, 136 tuberosum, 137 Buprestis, 135 Caldasia, 120 Callisace, 192 Carota, 112 sativa, 113 Carum, 49, 134, 139 Anisum, 133 aureum, 123 Carvi, 134 thodochranthum, 134 cordatum, 122. erythrorhizum, 1/41 Falcaria, 139 Gairdneri, 141 latifolium, 142 Garrettii, 141 graveolens, 130 Hallii, 127 Howellii, 140 Kelloggii, 140 Lemmoni, 142 377 378 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 28B, Carum magnum, 132 majus, 138 montanum, 141 nigrum, 1/33 nodosum, 162 oreganum, 14/ Petroselinum, 132 Podagraria, 134 viviparum, 162 Carum sect. Zizia, 122 Carvi Careum, 134 Caucalis, 44, 111, 293 Anthriscus, 110 arvensis, 1/1 canadensis, 66 Carota, 113 daucoides, 111 Daucus, 1/13 japonica, 110 latifolia, 111 marilandica, 68 microcarpa, 112 nodiflora, 110 nodosa, 110 seabra, 111 scandicina, 1/5 Scandix, 114, 115 Celeri, 129 graveolens, 130 Centella, 44, 58 asiatica, 59 floridana, 59 biflora, 59 erecta, 59 floridana, 59 renifolia, 59 repanda, 59 floridana, 59 villosa, 59 Cerefolium Cerefolium, 114 sylvestre, 115 vulgare, 115 Chaerefolium Anthriscus, 115 Cerefolium, 114 silvestre, 115 Chaerophyllum, 45, 46, 117, 294 Anthriscus, 115 arborescens, 119 articulatum, 1/19 bifidum, 119 Boscii, 119 bulbosum, 117, 118, 294 californicum, 1/43 canadense, 104 Cerefolium, 1/4 Claytoni, 108 dasycarpum, 119 dulce, 108 floridanum, /18 procumbens, 117, 119, 294 dasycarpum, 119 Shortii, 117, 119 Tainturieri, 113 reflexum, /18 scabrum, 1/1 Shortii, 119 sylvestre, 115 Chaerophyllum Tainturieri, 117, 118 dasycarpum, 117, 119 floridanum, /18 temulum, 117, 294 texanum, 117, 118 Chamaepericlymenum, 299 canadense, 310 purpurascens, 310 suecicum, 31/1 unalaschkense, 3/0 Cherophyllum vernum, 295 Cherophylum flavicaule, 294 pallidum, 294 triflorum, 294 Chondrocarpus, 58 erectus, 59 Ciclospermum, 1/29 Cicuta, 48, 154 ampla, 156 arguta, 156 Bolanderi, 154, 155 bulbifera, 154, 157 californica, 155, 158 capillacea, 163 cinicola, 155 Curtissii, 155 Cynapicum, 159 dakotica, 156 pseudomaculata, 156 pseudovirosa, 156 daurica, 152 Douglasii, 154, 155 occidentalis, 155 fimbriata, 155 frondosa, 155 grandifolia, 755 linearifolia, 2/0 mackenzieana, 154, 156 maculata, 154, 155, 156 angustifolia, 156 Curtissii, 155 major, 137 mexicana, 154, 155 Monnieri, 190 nodiflora, 131 occidentalis, 155 arizonensis, 155 californica, 155 frondosa, 155 oregonensi-idahoensis, 155 wyomingensis, 155 officinalis, 137 perennans, 104 purpurata, 155 Sonnei, 155 subfaleata, 155 trachypleura, 124 vagans, 155 valida, 155 venenata, 199 venenosa, 199 Victorinii, 154, 157 virosa, 154 californica, 155 maculata, 156 Cicutaria, 154 bulbifera, 157 maculata, 156 Parr 2, 1945] Cnidium, 49, 190 atropurpureum, /87 canadense, 191 chinense, 191 Monnieri, 190 peucedanoides, 78 tolucense, 94 Coaxana, 47, 165 ebracteata, 165, 166 purpurea, 165 Coelopleurum, 192 actaeifolium, 194 Gmelini, 1/94 longipes, 194 lucidum, 194 frondosum, 194 maritimum, 194 Cogswellia, 222 alata, 255 altensis, 255 ambigua, 233 angustata, 245 anomala, 254 argensis, 242 artemisiarum, 243 Austinae, 240 bicolor, 233 Brandegei, 257 brecciarum, 255 brevifolia, 255 Canbyi, 232 caruifolia, 237 patens, 235 Vaseyi, 235 Chandleri, 235 circumdata, 234 concinna, 250 Congdoni, 244 Cottami, 25/ Cous, 234 Cusickii} 255 dasycarpa, 242 daucifolia, 241 decipiens, 239 Donnellii, 248 Eastwoodae, 250 elliptica, 243 farinosa, 231 flava, 243 foeniculacea, 241 fragrans, 248 Geyeri, 231 gigantea, 254 Gormani, 230 Grayi, 246 Hallii, 252 Hassei, 227 Hendersoni, 232 Howellii, 228 insularis, 229 Jaredii, 242 Jonesii, 240 juniperina, 240 laevigata, 256 lapidosa, 177 latifolia, 257 Leibergii, 252 Lemmoni, /89 leptocarpa, 233 INDEX Cogswellia leptophylla, 254 lucida, 227 MacDougali, 240 macrocarpa, 243 artemisiarum, 243 marginata, 237 Martindalei, 252 angustata, 245 microcarpa, 252 millefolia, 246 depauperata, 247 minima, 249 mohavensis, 242 montana, 234 nevadensis, 238 cupulata, 238 Parishii, 239 pseudorientalis, 239 nudicaulis, 257 Nuttallii, 251 alpina, 252 oregana, 249 orientalis, 241 orogenioides, 230 pallida, 229 Parishii, 239 Parryi, 251 parvifolia, 228 Piperi, 230 platycarpa, 253 platyphylla, 257 Plummerae, 239 rigida, 229 Sandbergii, 244 scabra, 250 serpentina, 248 simplex, 253 simulans, 243 Sonnei, 240 Suksdorfii, 256 tomentosa, 243 Torreyi, 244 triternata, 254 alata, 255 lancifolia, 254 robustior, 255 utriculata, 235 papillata, 235 vaginata, 235 Vaseyi, 235 villosa, 241 Watsoni, 232 Coloptera, 170 Newberryi, 181 Parryi, 180 Conioselinum, 49, 190 Benthami, 19/ bipinnatum, 19/ canadense, 191 chinense, 191 enidiifolium, 191, 192 coloradense, 192 Dawsoni, 192 Fischeri, 191 Gmelini, 191 foliosum, 191 kamtschaticum, 191 kamtschaticum, 19/ 379 380 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Conioselinum mexicanum, 191 pacificum, 191 pumilum, 19/ scopulorum, 191, 192 Conium, 48, 137 Arracacha, 100 Cicuta, 137 maculatum, 137 maculosum, 137 Conopodium americanum, 143 Bolanderi, 142 californicum, 143 canadense, 104 Parishii, 142 Pringlei, 142 simplex, 142 Coriandrum, 45, 150 americanum, 151 Cicuta, 137 Cynapium, 159 maculatum, 137 sativum, 150 testiculatum, 150 Coriophyllus, 170 basalticus, 173 Betheli, 176 Jonesii, 176 purpureus, 176 Rosei, 174 Cornaceae, 297, 299 Cornales, 297 Cornella, 299 canadensis, 310 suecica, 3/1 unalaschkensis, 310 Cornus, 299 acadiensis, 304 alba, 304 B, 305 Baileyi, 304 circinnata, 305 stolonifera, 304 albida, 301 alterna, 307 alternifolia, 300, 304, 307 canadensis, 307 ochrocarpa, 307 pensylvanica, 307 Amomum, 300, 305, 306, 311 Schuetzeana, 306 undulifolia, 305 angustifolia, 311 Arnoldiana, 301 asperifolia, 300, 302, 305 B, 302 Drummondi, 302 atrata, 311 Baileyi, 304 biramis, 31/ borealis, 311 caerulea, 301, 305 californica, 304, 305 nevadensis, 305 pubescens, 305 canadensis, 301, 310, 311 alpestris, 310 elongata, 310 intermedia, 310 Cornus canadensis purpurascens, 310 rosea, 310 candidissima, 301, 311 capitata, 308 cinerea, 311 circinata, 305, 306 circinnata, 305 citrifolia, 301, 307 citrina, 305 coerulea, 301, 305 comosa, 301 costulata, 303 cyananthus, 310 cyanocarpos, 301, 305 cyanocarpus, 301, 305 albescens, 306 declinata, 303 disciflora, 300, 308 floccosa, 308 Drummondi, 299, 302 Priceae, 302 excelsa, 300, 303, 304 Beyrichiana, 302 Hartwegiana, 303 Schiedeana, 303 fastigiata, 311 ferruginea, 305 foemina, 301, 311 floccosa, 308 florida, 300, 308 rubra, 309 Urbiniana, 300, 309 xanthocarpa, 309 glabrata, 300, 303 gracilis, 301 grandis, 308, 309 Greenei, 305 ignorata, 311 instoloneus, 304 interior, 304 lanceolata, 300, 303 lanuginosa, 305 mas, 299 mexicana, 303 microcarpa, 302 minor, 306 Nelsoni, 304 Nuttalli, 301, 309 obliqua, 306, 311 oblongata, 391 oblongifolia, 305 occidentalis, 300, 304, 305 paniculata, 301 albida, 301 radiata, 301 parvifolia, 311 polygamus, 311 Priceae, 302 pubescens, 303, 305 californica, 305 punctata, 307 Purpusi, 300, 301, 306, 311 Purshii, 304 racemosa, 299, 301, 306, 311 riparia, 307 rugosa, 307 rotundifolia, 307 rubiginosa, 305 [VOLUME 28B, Parr 2, 1945] INDEX 381 Cornus Crantzia rugosa, 300, 306 Schaffneriana, 160, 161 sanguinea, 304 aquatica, 160 sericea, 304, 305 subterrestris, 160 asperifolia, 302 Crantziola, 159 Baileyi, 304 carolinensis, 160 californica, 305 lineata, 160 interior, 304 occidentalis, 160 oblongifolia, 305 Schaffneriana, 160 occidentalis, 305 Critamus dauricus, 152 ovatifolia, 305 Falcaria, 139 Schiitzeana, 306 Cryptospermum, 104 stolonifera, 304 Cryptotaenia, 48, 104 serotina, 311 canadensis, 104, 293 sessilis, 300, 307 Cryptotonia, 1/04 silvestris, 304 Ctenodaucus, 1/2 stolonifera, 300, 304, 305, 306 Cuminum, 45, 116 Baileyi, 304 Cyminum, 116 californica, 305 Trepocarpus, 1/5 interior, 304 Cusickia, 222 riparia, 304 minor, 247 stricta, 300, 301, 311 Cyclospermum leptophyllum, /29 asperifolia, 302 Cyminon, 116 suecica, 301, 310, 311 Cymopterus, 51, 170 suffruticosa, 311 aboriginum, 172, 182 tolucensis, 303 oblongus, 182 tomentulosa, 306 ovalis, 182 Torreyi, 305 . subternatus, 182 unalaschkensis, 310 acaulis, 170, 171, 180 undulata, 307 albiflorus, 185 Urbiniana, 309 alpinus, 168 verrucosa, 306 anisatus, 186 virginiana, 306 Bakeri, 169 Cornus, Albidae, 301 basalticus, 170, 173 Corynostylae, 301 bipinnatus, 172, 182 Nigrae, 301 bulbosus, 172, 179 Paniculatae, 301 calcareus, 185 Cornus sect. Amblycaryum, 301 californicus, 185 Arctocrania, 310 campestris, 1/78 Benthamidia, 308 cinerarius, 170, 172 Bothrocaryum, 301 corrugatus, 171, 175 Cornion, 3/0 Coulteri, 175 Cynoxylon, 308 scopulicola, 175 Discocrania, 308 Coulteri, 171, 175 Macrocarpium, 307 decipiens, 181 Microcarpium, 301 deserticola, 170, 173 Tanycrania, 307 duchesnensis, 171, 174 Thelycrania, 301 Elrodi, 185 Cornus subg. Apocarpea, 308 Fendleri, 171, 181 Arctocrania, 310 Newberryi, 181 Benthamidia, 308 foeniculaceus, 185 Discocrania, 308 Gilmani, 170, 174 Kraniopsis, 301 glaucus, 171, 177, 178 Macrocarpium, 307 globosus, 170, 173 Mesomera, 30/ glomeratus, 180 Thelycrania, 301 Leibergii, 180 Cornus subsect. Amblycaryum, 301 Parryi, 180 Bothrocaryum, 301 Grayanus, 189 Coulterophytum, 47, 166 filicinus, 189 brevipes, 166, 167 multifidus, 189 Holwayi, 166 purpureus, /89 laxum, 166, 167 tenuifolius, 189 macrophyllum, 166, 167 humboldtensis, 172, 183 pubescens, 166, 167 humilis, 168 Crantzia, 159 ibapensis, 171, 177 attenuata, 160 Jonesii, 171, 176 brasiliensis, 160 lapidosus, 177 carolinensis, 160 deserti, 177 lineata, 160 Leibergii, 180 382 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 288, Cymopterus ligusticoides, 189 puniceus, 189 tenuifolius, 189 littoralis, 169 longipes, 171, 177 lucidus, 180 MacDougali, 127 macrorhizus, 172, 179 megacephalus, 170, 173 minimus, 171, 175 montanus, 172, 178 globosus, 173 pedunculatus, 179 purpurascens, 179 multinervatus, 172, 180 nevadensis, 149 Newberryi, 170, 171, 181 alatus, 181 Jonesii, /8/ nivalis, 172, 183 owenensis, 86 panamintensis, 171, 182 acutifolius, 171, 182 Parryi, 180 petraeus, 186 planosus, 171, 176 plurijugus, 1/28 purpurascens, 172, 179, 180 purpureus, 171, 176 Ripleyi, 170, 172 saniculoides, 172 Rosei, 170, 174 tenuifolius, 189 terebinthinus, 1/84 albiflorus, 185 californicus, 185 thapsoides, 185 utahensis, 179 Eastwoodae, 179 monocephalus, 179 Watsoni, 171, 177 Cymopterus sect. Pteryxia, 183 Cynapium, 143 apiifolium, 148 Bigelovii, 245 nudicaule, 146 Cynomarathrum, 222 alpinum, 252 Brandegei, 257 brecciarum, 255 Eastwoodae, 250 latilobum, 253 Macbridei, 182 megarrhizum, 253 Nuttallii, 257 Parryi, 251 saxatile, 251 scabrum, 250 Cynosciadium, 45, 164 digitatum, 164 pinnatum, 105 pumilum, /65 pumilum, 165 Cynoxylon, 299 canadense, 310 floridum, 308 rubrum, 309 Nuttallii, 309 Cyrtospermum, 104 trifoliatum, 104 Cyssopetalum, 1/57 Czernaevia, 192 Dasyloma, 157 Daucophyllum, /24 lineare, 126 tenuifolium, 126 Daucosma, 45, 161 laciniatum, 161 Daucus, 44, 112, 294 agrestis, 11/3 brachiatus, 1/2 brevicaulis, 1/3 brevifolius, 1/3 filiformis, 294 Carota, 112, 113, 294 epurpurata, //3 Fischeri, 113 Goodmani, 113 rosea, 113 roseus, /13 divaricatus, 72 foetidus, 113 heterophylus, 1/3 asper, 294 fumaroides, 294 laxifolius, 294 latifolius, 111 levis, 113 microphyllus, 1/13 montanus, 113, 114 nudicaulis, 1/3 pumila, 294 pusillus, 113, 294 microphyllus, 1/3 scaber, 113 scaber, 113 scadiophylus, 113 scariosus, 1/3 ramosus, 294 simplex, 294 strigosus, 1/3 tenuifolius, 294 toriloides, /14 Turgenia, 1/1 Visnaga, 138 Deanea, 2/3 arguta, 218 diffusa, 216 glauca, 214 longibracteata, 21/4 longipes, 216 montana, 217 Nelsoni, 217 nudicaulis, 217 Pringlei, 214 purpurea, 214 tolucensis, 2/4 Deeringia, 104 canadensis, 104 Dendropanax, 4, 14 alare, 16 arboreus, 15, 16 Blakeanus, 15, 22 brachypodium, 17 cordifolius, 16, 24 cuneifolius, 15, 21 darienensis, 15, 20 Part 2, 1945] Dendropanax elongatus, 16, 25 filipes, 15, 21 gonatopodus, 15, 18 grandiflorus, 15, 22 grandis, 16, 24 insulare, 17 Juergenseni, /7 Langeanum, /7 laurifolius, 15, 18 leptopodus, 14, 15, 16 Matudai, /7 monticola, 17 nervosus, 15, 21 nutans, 15, 23 oliganthus, 15, 19 pendulus, 15, 23 populifolius, 14, 16 praestans, 15, 19 querceti, 15, 20 samydifolium, 17 Schippii, 15, 20 selleanus, 15, 22 sessiliflorus, 15, 19 stenodontus, 15, 17 Swartzii, 16, 24 Deringa, 104 Deringia, 104 Deweya, 81 acaulis, 127 arguta, 85 Hartwegi, 85 Kelloggii, 86 vestita, 90 Diaphyllum, 1/35 Diatropa, 135 rotundifolia, 136 Didymopanax, 4, 11 attenuatus, 12, 13 Gleasonii, 11, 12 micans, /2 Morototoni, 11, 12 Pittieri, 12, 14 tremulus, 11, 13 Urbanianus, 11, 12 Dipterygia Hemsleyana, 61 Discadia, 219 Discopleura, 161 capillacea, 71, 163 costata, 163 Nuttallii, 163 costata, 163 juncea, 163 laciniata, 161 major, 163 Nuttallii, 163 Donnellsmithia, 46, 49, 75 biennis, 76, 77 cordata, 76, 79 dissecta, 76, 80 guatemalensis, 75, 76, 79 Hintonii, 76 madrensis, 76, 77 mexicana, 76 ovata, 76, 80 peucedanoides, 76, 78 purpurea, 76, 79 reticulata, 76, 78 serrata, 76, 80 INDEX 383 Donnellsmithia submontana, 76, 78 tuberosa, 76, 77 Drepanophyllum Carsoni, 153 Falearia, 139 lineare, 152 sioides, 139 Drudeophytum, 8/ Clementis, 89 glaucum, 85 Hartwegi, 85 Howellii, 86 Kelloggii, 86 Parishii, 86 stellatum, 89 vestitum, 90 Durieua, 1/2 Echinopanax, 10 horridum, // Edosmia, 139 Gairdneri, 1/41 montana, /4/ praealta, 141 Elaeoselinum thapsoides, 207 Elsneria, 60 Enantiophylla, 50, 218 Heydeana, 218 Entasikon, 115 tenuifolium, 1/6 tuberosum, 1/16 Epallageiton, /70 Erigenia, 46, 74 bulbosa, 74, 293 Shortiana, 293 Eringium, 261 Eryngium, 51, 261 affine, 276 alismaefolium, 265, 266, 290 Altamiranoi, 277 alternatum, 273 americanum, 287 antihystericum, 280 aquaticum, 266, 269, 286 floridanum, 265, 287 normale, 269 Ravenellii, 266, 287 subinerme, 269 synchaetum, 270 argutum, 277 aristulatum, 265, 266, 290 Parishii, 266, 291 armatum, 265, 266, 289 aromaticum, 265, 288 articulatum, 265, 288 Bakeri, 288 microcephalum, 290 axilliflorum, 273 Baldwini, 261, 281 B, 281 Beecheyanum, 263, 264, 276 Boissieuanum, 262, 267 Bonplandi, 265, 284 Bonplandianum, 284 bromeliaefolium, 273 calaster, 264, 278 californicum, 290 campestre, 265, 285 earicinum, 267 carlinae, 263, 264, 276 384 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Eryngium castrense, 292 vallicolum, 292 Cervantesii, 265, 281, 282 columnare, 262, 263, 271 commutatum, 284 comosum, 263, 276 compactum, 279 confusum, 277 coronatum, 279 costaricense, 284 crassisquamosum, 262, 263, 271 cryptanthum, 276 cuneifolium, 265, 288 cylindraceum, 275 cylindricum, 275 cymosum, 263, 272 Deppeanum, 263, 274 diffusum, 265, 278 discolor, 274 divaricatum, 265, 280 ebracteatum, 262, 267 typicum, 267 elongatum, 290 Endlichii, 277 filiforme, 281 latifolium, 28/ flaccidum, 280 floridanum, 287 fluitans, 263, 274 foetidum, 261, 264, 265, 280, 286 comosum, 280 nudum, 280 Galeottii, 264, 283 Ghiesbreghtii, 264, 283 globosum, 262, 267, 292 medium, 292 Goldmani, 277 gracile, 264, 281, 283 gramineum, 262, 267, 269 grande, 273 guatemalense, 263, 272 Haenkei, 277 Harknessii, 288 Harmsianum, 289 Hemsleyanum, 262, 263, 270 heterophyllum, 263, 264, 277 Hookeri, 263, 265, 279 horminoides, 275 integrifolium, 265, 287 lanceolatum, 287 ludovicianum, 287 involucratum, 273 Jepsoni, 290 Parishii, 291 Langlassei, 268 laxibracteum, 290 Leavenworthii, 264, 278 Lemmoni, 264, 277 leptopodum, 284 Loesenerianum, 271 longifolium, 262, 268 longipetiolatum, 284 longirameum, 283 longispinum, 272 longistylum, 289 ludovicianum, 287 madrense, 263, 275 maritimum, 264, 285 Eryngium medium, 277 Mettaueri, 287 mexicanum, 274, 275 microcephalum, 284 minimum, 290 monocephalum, 262, 263, 273 montanum, 262, 263, 270 nasturtiifolium, 264, 279 Nelsoni, 284 oblanceolatum, 290 obliquatum, 292 ovalifolium, 287 Painteri, 274 gigantophyllum, 274 typicum, 274 Palmeri, 262, 273 Parishii, 29/ paucisquamosum, 283 pectinatum, 263, 271, 272 petiolatum, 265, 288, 289 armatum, 289 juncifolium, 289 minimum, 290 phyteumae, 263, 275 phyteumatos, 275 pilularioides, 261, 266 pinnatisectum, 265, 289 planum, 265, 283, 284, 285 Plukenetii, 286 praealtum, 286 Pringlei, 262, 268 prostratum, 262, 278, 281 foliosum, 281 proteaeflorum, 262, 263, 274 Purpusii, 262, 271 racemosum, 265, 290 radiatum, 276 ranunculoides, 264, 282 Ravenellii, 287 reptans, 266, 280, 281 Rosei, 264, 282 scaposum, 264, 284 Schaffneri, 284 Schiedeanum, 286 Seatoni, 274 Seleri, 276 serratum, 266, 286 sparganophyllum, 262, 268 spiculosum, 263, 279 spinosepalum, 292 medium, 292 stenolobum, 272 synchaetum, 270 tenue, 276 tenuissimum, 276 tuberosum, 269 Vaseyi, 266, 291 castrense, 266, 292 globosum, 266, 292 oblanceolatum, 290 virgatum, 287 ludovicianum, 287 virginianum, 286 viviparum, 282 Watsoni, 268 Wolffii, 274 Wrightii, 277 yuccifolium, 262, 269 synchaetum, 262, 270 [VOLUME 288, Part 2, 1945] Eukrania, 299 Eulophus, 139 ambiguus, 233 americanus, 140, 143 Bolanderi, 142 benignus, 142 ealifornicus, 143 sanctorus, 143 cuspidatus, 1/42 Parishii, 142 Rusbyi, 142 typicus, 1/42 Pringlei, 142 simplex, 142 simplex, 142 tenuifolius, 87 ternatus, 78 triternatus, 254 Euryptera, 222 Hassei, 227 Howellii, 228 insularis, 229 lucida, 227 pallida, 229 parvifolia, 228 Eurytaenia, 49, 203 texana, 204 Eustylis, 192 Faeniculum, /2/ Falcaria, 48, 139 dahurica, 152 Falcaria, 139 Rivini, 139 sioides, 139 vulgaris, 139 Fatsia horrida, // Ferula, 222 californica, 257 canadensis, 145, 194 caruifolia, 237 dissecta, 245 dissoluta, 245 Drummondii, 258 foeniculacea, 241 macrocarpa, 243 multifida, 246 nudicaulis, 257 Nuttallii, 257 Palmella, 180 parvifolia, 228 pubescens, 241 purpurea, 246 tolucensis, 2/4 villosa, 199 Fiebera, 117 Foeniculum, 48, 121 Foeniculum, 121 officinale, 121 vulgare, 121 Freyera, 1/7 Gilibertia, /4 alaris, 17 arborea, 17 Blakeana, 22 brachypoda, 1/7 concinna, 1/7 cordifolia, 24 cuneifolia, 21 INDEX Gilibertia darienensis, 20 elongata, 25 eurycarpa, 17 filipes, 2/ gonatopoda, /8 grandiflora, 22 grandis, 24 insularis, 17 Juergenseni, /7 Langeana, /7 laurifolia, 18 leptopoda, 16 macradenia, 21 Matudai, 17 nervosa, 21 nutans, 23 oligantha, 19 ovalifolia, 23 pendula, 23 populifolia, 16 praestans, 19 querceti, 20 Rothschuhii, 17 samydifolia, 17 Schippii, 20 selleana, 22 sessiliflora, 19 Smithiana, 17 stenocarpa, 1/7 stenodonta, /7 Swartzii, 24 Gilibertia sect. Melopanax, 1/4 Ginannia, /4 Gingidium, 192 Ginsen, 9 Ginseng, 9 quinquefolium, 9 trifolium, 10 Glehnia, 49, 169 leiocarpa, 169 littoralis, 169 Globocarpus, 157 Glyceria, 58 repanda, 59 Glycosma, 105 ambiguum, 106 Bolanderi, 106 maxima, 106 occidentalis, 105 Gomphopetalum, 192 Gonatherus, 293 Grammosciadium, 117 Hallomuellera, 159 lineata, 160 Haloscias scoticum, 144 Harbouria, 48, 124 trachypleura, 124 Harperella, 161 fluviatilis, 162 nodosa, 162 vivipara, 162 Harperia, 161 nodosa, 162 Hedera alaris, 16 arborea, 16 capitata, 36 cuneifolia, 21 385 386 Hedera echinops, 32 frondosa, 36 nutans, 23 pendula, 23 Sciodaphyllum, 27 xalapensis, 32 Helodium nodiflorum, 13/ repens, /3/ Helosciadium, 129 Ammi, 1/29 californicum, 158 Falcaria, 139 leptophyllum, 129 latifolium, 7/ nodiflorum, /3/ repens, 131 prostratum, 130 repens, 131 Heracleum, 50, 260 Douglasii, 261 lanatum, 260, 261 maximum, 261 Sphondylium, 260 Hesperogenia, 81 Stricklandi, 84 Hesperogeton, 63 tuberosum, 70 Hipposelinum, 202 Levisticum, 203 Homalocarpus, 60 Horsfieldia horrida, // Hydrocotyle, 44, 51 adoénsis, 56 ambigua, 54, 74 americana, 52, 56 asiatica, 59 floridana, 59 australis, 54 batrachioides, 56 bonariensis, 52, 55 multiflora, 55 texana, 55 tribotrys, 54 bowlesioides, 52, 57 brachystachya, 88 brevipes, 52 Brittonii, 51, 52 bulbosa, 74 Caffra, 53 Canbyi, 54 chamaemorus citrodora, 58 chinensis, 159, 160 citrodora, 58 composita, 74 costaricensis, 52 cuneata, 54 cymbalarifolia, 56 dissecta, 74 erecta, 59 Fetherstoniana, 55 ficarifolia, 59 ficarioides, 59 grumosa, 59 Hazenii, 58 hirsuta, 52, 58 leptostachys, 52, 58 spicata, 58 incrassatum, 53 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Hydrocotyle interrupta, 54 platyphylla, 54 tuberosa, 54 lanipes, 52, 55 leptostachys, 58 leucocephala, 52, 58 truncatiloba, 58 ligulata, 100 lineata, 160 Maxonii, 58 mexicana, 52, 57 multiflora, 55 natans, 54, 56 oligantha, 52, 53 polystachya, 53 quinqueradiata, 53 triradiata, 54 prolifera, 54 pusilla, 51, 52 pygmaea, 51, 53 racemosa, 54 ranunculodes minima, 56 ranunculoides, 52, 56 adoensis, 56 brasiliensis, 56 genuina, 56 inciso-crenata, 56 lobata, 56 natans, 56 reniformis, 59 repanda, 59 ribifolia, 52, 56 rotundifolia, 55 scaposa, 53 sibthorpioides, 52, 55 sinensis, 160 Spananthe, 60 spicata, 58 Torresiana, 52, 57 tribotrys, 54 trilobulata, 54 umbellata, 51, 53 ambigua, 54 bonariensis, 55 intermedia, 53 microphylla, 53 scaposa, 53 umbellulata, 53 umbellulata, 53 verticillata, 52, 54 cubensis, 52, 54 cuneata, 54 Fetherstoniana, 52, 55 longipedunculata, 54 pluriradiata, 54 racemosa, 54 tenella, 54 13-nervis, 54 triradiata, 52, 54 vulgaris, 51, 54 communis, 54 verticillata, 54 yucatanensis, 55 Imperatoria, 50, 259 lucida, 194 mexicana, 207 Ostruthium, 259 Isophyllum, 135 [VOLUME 288, ParT 2, 1945] Karos, 134 Carvi, 134 Katapsuxis, 190 Keramocarpus, 150 Keraskomion, /54, 157 Klonion, 261 gracile, 28/ tenuifolium, 281 Kreidion, 190 chinensis, 19/ Langlassea, 205 eriocarpa, 207 Laoberdes, 295 repens, 295 Laserpitium hirsutum, 191 terebinthinum, 184 Lavera, 295 nodiflora, 295 Leibergia, 222 orogenioides, 230 Lepisperma, 293 Leptocaulis, 7/ diffusus, 72 divaricatus, 72 echinatus, 72 inermis, 72 patens, 72 Leptocnemia campestris, 178 Leptotaenia, 222 anomala, 237 Bradshawii, 238 californica, 257 dilatata, 257 platycarpa, 257 dissecta, 245 foliosa, 245 multifida, 246 Eatoni, 246 filicina, 246 foliosa, 245 Hendersoni, 232 humilis, 237 denticulata, 237 Leibergi, 232 minor, 247 multifida, 246 Eatoni, 246 purpurea, 246 salmoniflora, 247 Watsoni, 248 Lereschia, 104 Lessonia, 261 Levisticum, 49, 202 Levisticum, 203 officinale, 202, 203 paludapifolium, 203 vulgare, 203 Libanotis Libanotis, 154 Ligusticella, 148 Eastwoodae, 149 Macounii, 1/49 Ligusticum, 46, 48, 49, 143 actaeifolium, 145, 194 affine, 146 apiifolium, 144, 147, 148 minor, 147 apiodorum, /48 Helleri, 148 argutum, 85 387 Ligusticum barbinode, 187, 188 biternatum, 144 boreale, 144 brevilobum, 146 bulbosum, 74 caeruleomontanum, 146 californicum, 144, 148 canadense, 144, 145 Canbyi, 144, 146 Carvi, 134 Cuminum, 116 Cusickii, 147 dubium, 207 Eastwoodae, 149 filicinum, 144, 147 tenuifolium, 144, 147 Foeniculum, /21 Gmelini, 191 Goldmani, 146 Grayi, 144, 147 Helleri, 148 Hultenii, 144, 145 Leibergi, 146 Levisticum, 202, 203 Macounii, 149 madrense, 146 Monnieri, 190 montanum tenuifolium, 189 Nelsoni, 146 oreganum, 147 Phellandrium, /58 Podagraria, 134 Porteri, 144, 146 brevilobum, 144, 146 Pringlei, 147 purpureum, 147 pusillum, 72 scopulorum, 147, 192 scothicum, 144 simulans, 1/46 tenuifolium, 1/47 dissimilis, 147 tolucense, 94 verticillatum, 144, 145 Lilaeopsis, 44, 159 attenuata, 159, 160 carolinensis, 160 attenuata, 1/60 chinensis, 159, 160 lineata, 160 occidentalis, 160 occidentalis, 159, 160 recurva, 159, 161 Schaffneriana, 159, 160, 161 aquatica, 160 subterrestris, 160 Limnosciadium, 45, 50, 164 pinnatum, 164, 165 pumilum, 164, 165 Lomatium, 50, 222 alatum, 237 purpureum, 237 alpinum, 252 ambiguum, 223, 233 leptocarpum, 233 angustatum, 224, 245 flavum, 224, 245 anomalum, 254 388 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Lomatium argense, 242 artemisiarum, 243 athamantoides, 241 Austinae, 240 bicolor, 233 Bradshawii, 224, 238 Brandegei, 227, 257 brevifolium, 255 californicum, 227, 257 Canbyi, 223, 232 caruifolium, 224, 237 denticulatum, 237 erythropodum, 237 marginatum, 237 purpureum, 237 solanense, 237 Chandleri, 235 ciliolatum, 224, 236 Hooveri, 225, 236 circumdatum, 223, 234 columbianum, 225, 246 concinnum, 226, 250 Congdoni, 224, 244 Cous, 223, 234 Cusickii, 227, 255 cuspidatum, 226, 248 dasycarpum, 224, 242 decorum, 242 medium, 242 daucifolium, 225, 241 dissectum, 225, 245, 249 multifidum, 225, 246 Donnellii, 225, 248 Eastwoodae, 226, 250 ellipticum, 243 Engelmannii, 224, 244 farinosum, 223, 231 flavum, 243 foeniculaceum, 222, 224, 241 Geyeri, 223, 231 giganteum, 254 Gormani, 223, 230 purpureum, 230 Grayi, 226, 246 depauperatum, 226, 247 Greenmanii, 227, 250 Hallii, 225, 226, 245, 252 Hamblenae, 223, 231 Hendersonii, 223, 232 Howellii, 223, 228 humile, 224, 237 idahoense, 227, 256 insulare, 223, 229 Jonesii, 240 juniperinum, 225, 240 laevigatum, 227, 256 lapidosum, 177 latilobum, 227, 253 Leibergi, 252 Lemmoni, 189 leptocarpum, 223, 233 lucidum, 223, 227 repostum, 228 MacDougali, 224, 240 macrocarpum, 224, 225, 243 artemisiarum, 243 Douglasii, 243 ellipticum, 225, 243 semivittatum, 243 Lomatium marginatum, 226, 237 purpureum, 237 Martindalei, 227, 252 angustatum, 245 megarrhizum, 227, 253 microcarpum, 252 millefolium, 246 minimum, 226, 249 minus, 226, 247 mohavense, 224, 242 montanum, 223, 224, 234 Nelsonianum, 226, 249 nevadense, 224, 238 cupulatum, 238 holopterum, 239 Parishii, 225, 239 pseudorientale, 225, 239 nudicaule, 222, 257 puberulum, 254 Nuttallii, 226, 251 alpinum, 227, 252 oreganum, 226, 249 orientale, 225, 241 orogenioides, 223, 230 Parishii, 239 Parryi, 226, 251 parvifolium, 223, 228 pallidum, 223, 229 Peckianum, 224, 238 Piperi, 223, 230 platycarpum, 253 platyphyllum, 257 Plummerae, 226, 239 Austinae, 225, 240 Helleri, 235 Sonnei, 225, 240 pubescens, 241 purpureum, 234 repostum, 223, 228 . rigidum, 223, 229 robustius, 255 Rollinsii, 223, 226, 233 salmoniflorum, 226, 247 Sandbergii, 224, 244 scabrum, 226, 250 semisepultum, 240 serpentinum, 225, 248 simplex, 227, 253 leptophyllum, 227, 254 Sonnei, 240 Suksdorfii, 227, 256 Thompsonii, 227, 256 tomentosum, 224, 243 Torreyi, 224, 244 Tracyi, 226, 236 triternatum, 227, 254 alatum, 255 anomalum, 227, 254 brevifolium, 227, 255 macrocarpum, 227, 255 tuberosum, 226, 247 utriculatum, 223, 224, 235 anthemifolium, 235 glabrum, 235 papillatum, 223, 235 vaginatum, 223, 235 Vaseyi, 224, 235 [VoLUME 28B, Part 2, 1945] Lomatium villosum, 222, 241 Watsoni, 223, 232 Lophioplis, 294 Luerssenia, 1/6 Cyminum, 116 Macrocarpium, 299 sessile, 307 Marathrum, /24 crassifolium, 295 Mauchartia, /52 Megalopanax, 3, 8 rex, 8 Melopanax, /4 Mesodiscus, 104 proliferus, 104 simplex, 104 major, 293 Mesomora, 299 canadensis, 310 Meum Foeniculum, 12/ scoticum, /44 Micropleura, 44, 47, 59 renifolia, 59 Monopanax, 29 Ghiesbrechtii, 32 Ghiesbreghtii, 33 Musenion, 124 Museniopsis, 75, 81 aegopodioides, 77, 96 arguta, 97 biennis, 77 pinnatisecta, 80 cordata, 79 dissecta, 80 fusiformis, 77 glauca, 77 madrensis, 77 ovata, 80 peucedanoides, 78 pubescens, /0/ purpurea, 79 reticulata, 78 seabrella, 79 serrata, 80 submontana, 78 tenuifolia, 87 tenuissima, 77 ternata, 78 filifolia, 78 texana, S4 tuberosa, 77 _ Musenium, 124, 125, 126 angustifolium, 125 Greenei, 127 Hookeri, 125 tenuifolium, 253 trachyspermum, 125 Musenium sect. Daucophyllum, 124 Musineon, 47, 124 alpinum, 83 divaricatum, 124, 125, 295 Hookeri, 124, 125 lineare, 125, 126 pedunculatum, 125 tenuifolium, 125, 126 vaginatum, 125 Musineum, 124 Ehrenbergii, 83 INDEX Myrrhidendron, 49, 204 chirripoense, 205 Donnellsmithii, 204, 205 Maxonii, 204 Myrrhis ambigua, /06 Anthriscus, 115 aristata, 108 bifida, 119 Bolanderi, 105 brachypoda, 1/07 brevistylis, 108 bulbosa, 118 canadensis, /04 Claytoni, 105, 108 dulcis, 293 Glycosma, 105 longistylis, 108 nuda, 106 procumbens, /19 sylvestris, 115 temula, 117 ternata, 104 Myrrhis sect. Glycosma, /05 Myrrhodes Anthriscus, /15 Cerefolium, 114 silvestre, 115 Nematosciadium, 90 Schiedei, 93 Neogoezia, 44, 62 minor, 62 gracilipes, 62 planipetala, 62 Neonelsonia, 48, 73 ovata, 73, 74 Neoparrya, 46, 128 lithophila, 128 Neurophyllum, 219 longifolium, 220 Nyssa, 313 acuminata, 313, 316 angulosa, 313 angulisans, 3/5 aquatica, 313, 315 biflora, 313, 314 canadensis, 3/3 candicans, 3/5 grandidentata, 315 capitata, 315 caroliniana, 3/3 ciliata, 313 denticulata, 31/5 grandidentata, 315 integrifolia, 313 glauca, 313 montana, 313, 315 multiflora, 3/3 sylvatica, 3/4 ogeche, 313, 315, 316 acuminata, 316 oye-chee, 315 palustris, 315 servatilis, 3/4 sylvatica, 313, 315 aquatica, 314 biflora, 314 caroliniana, 314 dilatata, 3/4 typica, 314 tomentosa, 3/5 389 390 Nyssa uniflora, 313, 315 ursina, 313, 315 villosa, 313 Nyssaceae, 297, 313 Oaxacana ebracteata, 166 Odontea, 135 Odontites, 135 Oenanthe, 48, 157 ambigua, 220 aquatica, 158 californica, 158 carolinensis, 219 digitata, 164 filiformis, 219 fistulosa, 158 Phellandrium, 158 pinnata, 165 Pringlei, 158 pumila, 165 quitensis, 90 rigida, 220 sarmentosa, 158 californica, 158 teretifolia, 219 Oenosciadium, 157 Oplopanax, 4, 10 horridus, 11 Oreomyrrhis, 44, 120 daucifolia, 120 gracilipes, 62 orizabae, 120 planipetala, 62 tolucana, 120 Oreonana, 46, 89 californica 89 Clementis, 89 vestita, 89, 90 Oreopanax, 4, 29 arcanus, 31, 38 capitatum scandens, 40 capitatus, 31, 36 costaricensis, 31, 40 destructor, 36 Donnell-Smithii, 31, 40 Dussi, 30, 33 echinops, 30, 32 flaccidus, 31, 38 geminatus, 30, 35 guatemalensis, 31, 40 jaliscana, 34 lachnocephalus, 30, 34 Langlassei, 30, 33 latissimum, 41 Liebmanni, 30, 35, 36 Loesenerianus, 32 meiocephalum, 35 microcephalum, 35 nubigenus, 31, 37 Oerstedianus, 31, 39 oligocarpum, 35 peltatus, 30, 34 platyphyllus, 31, 37 pycnocarpus, 31, 41 ramosissimus, 30, 34 Salvinii, 34 Sanderianus, 31, 37 Standleyi, 31, 36, 39 Steyermarkii, 30, 31, 36 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Oreopanax Taubertianum, 32 Thibautii, 32, 33 vestitus, 31, 36, 39 xalapense laxiflorum, 32 spiciforme, 32 xalapensis, 30, 32 Oreosciadium acaule, 127 Oreoxis, 46, 168 alpina, 168 Bakeri, 168, 169 humilis, 168 MacDougali, 127 Orimaria, 135 filiformis, 295 Orogenia, 46, 50, 74 fusiformis, 75 Leibergi, 231 Leibergii, 231 linearifolia, 75 lata, 75 Orumbella, 148 Macounii, 149 Osmorhiza, 45, 48, 105, 119 ambigua, 106 aristata, 108 Bolanderi, 106 brachypoda, 105, 107 fraterna, 107 brevipes, 106 brevistylis, 106, 108 Claytoni, 105, 108 cordata, 108 divaricata, 106 nuda, 106 dulcis, 108 edulis, 141 Leibergi, 106 longistylis, 105, 108 brachycoma, 109 villicaulis, 105, 109 mexicana, 105, 107 nuda, 105, 106 brevipes, 106 obtusa, 105, 107 occidentalis, 105 Bolanderi, 106 purpurea, 105, 106 villicaulis, 109 vilosa, 108 Ossea, 299 instolonea, 304 interior, 304 Ostericum, 192 Ottoa, 90 oenanthoides, 90 Oxypolis, 50, 219 Bakeri, 219 Canbyi, 219 caroliniana, 219 denticulata, 220 Fendleri, 219, 221 filiformis, 219 Canbyi, 219 Greenmanii, 219, 220 longifolia, 221 occidentalis, 219, 221 rigida, 220 rigidior, 219, 220 ambigua, 221 [VOLUME 28B, Parr 2, 1945] Oxypolis rigidus, 220 longifolius, 220 ternata, 219, 220 tricuspidata, 220 triquin, 201 turgida, 221 Ozodia, 121 foeniculacea, 1/21 Ozotrix, 293 helvetica, 293 Pachiloma, 258 Nutali, 258 Panax, 3, 9 americanum, 9 elatum, 9 obovatum, 9 attenuata, 13 caribaea, /3 horridum, 10, 1/ lanceolatum, 10 Morototoni, 11, /2 obovatum, 9 pusilla, 10 quinquefolium americanum, 9 cuneatum, 9 obovatum, 9 quinquefolius, 9 speciosum, /2 trifolius, 9, 10 undulata, 12 Panax sect. Oplopanax, 10 Pastinaca, 50, 259 ambigua, 220 denticulata, 220 foeniculacea, 241 lanata, 261 nudicaulis, 257 rigida, 220 sativa, 260 tolucensis, 2/4 tricuspidata, 220 triquinata, /99 Pastinacha, 259 Pecten, 109 Pedinopetalum, 49, 73 domingense, 73 Peltactila, 112 aurea, 113, 294 grandiflora, 1/3, 294 hispida, 113, 294 parviflora, 113, 294 Pentacrypta, 90 atropurpurea, 97 Perfoliata, 135 Perfolisa, 135 obtusifolia, 136 Perideridia, 48, 139 americana, 140, 143 Bolanderi, 140, 142 californica, 140, 143 Gairdneri, 140, 141 Howellii, 140 Kelloggii, 140 oregana, 140, 141 Parishii, 140, 142 Pringlei, 140, 142 simplex, 1/42 INDEX 391 Perideridia Rusbyi, 142 simplex, 142 Petagnia saniculaefolia, 104 Petroselinum, 49, 131 crispum, 131, 132 hortense, 1/32 Petroselinum, /32 prostratum, /30 sativum, 132 ternatum, 144 vulgare, 132 Peucedanum, 222 abrotanifolium, 233 ambiguum, 231, 233 leptocarpum, 233 Anethum, 203 argense, 242 Austinae, 240 bicolor, 233 gumbonis, 233 Brandegei, 257 californicum, 228, 237 Canbyi, 232 caruifolium, 237 circumdatum, 234 citernatum, 253 confusum, 230 Cous, 234 Cusickii, 255 dasycarpum, 242 daucifolium, 241 Donnellii, 248 eurycarpum, 243 Euryptera, 227 evittatum, 231 farinosum, 231 foeniculaceum, 241 daucifolium, 241 Geyeri, 231 Gormani, 230 graveolens, 25/ alpinum, 252 Grayi, 246 aberrans, 246 Hallii, 252 Hassei, 227 Hendersonii, 232 Howellii, 228 Imperatoria, 259 insulare, 229 Jaredi, 242 junceum, 78 juniperinum, 240 Kingii, 251 alpinum, 252 laevigatum, 256 lapidosum, 177 latifolium, 257 leiocarpum campestre, 257 Lemmoni, 189 leptocarpum, 233 macrocarpum, 243, 251 eurycarpum, 243 madrense, 2/2 marginatum, 237 Martindalei, 252 angustatum, 245 megarthiza, 253 392 Peucedanum microcarpum, 252 millefolium, 246 mohavense, 242 montanum, 234 nevadense, 238 cupulatum, 238 Newberryi, 1/81 nudicaule, 241, 252, 257 ellipticum, 243 puberulum, 254 Nuttallii, 257 oreganum, 249 orientale, 241 Ostruthium, 259 Parishii, 239 Parryi, 251 parvifolium, 228 Pastinaca, 260 Plummerae, 239 Pringlei, 242 Pseudotaenidia, 222 rigidius, 220 rigidum, 220 robustum, 257 salmoniflorum, 247 Sandbergii, 244 scopulorum, 251 simplex, 253 Suksdorfii, 256 tenuissimum, 233 teretifolium, 219 ternatum, 220 tolucense, 214 tomentosum, 243 Torreyi, 244 triternatum, 254 alatum, 255 brevifolium, 255 leptocarpum, 233 leptophyllum, 254 macrocarpum, 255 platycarpum, 253 robustius, 255 utriculatum, 235 Vaseyi, 235 verticillatum, 1/63 villosum, 241 Watsoni, 232, 248 Phaiosperma, 258 pulverulenta, 258 trifida, 258 , verticillata, 258 Phanerotaenia, 258 texana, 259 Phelandrium, /57 Phellandrium, 157 aquaticum, 158, 246 ciliatum, 60 Phellopterus, 169, 170 bulbosus, 179 camporum, 179 Jonesii, 175 littoralis, 169 macrocarpus, /78 macrorhizus, 179 montanus, 1/78 multinervatus, 180 purpurascens, 179 Eastwoodae, 179 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA Phellopterus utahensis, 179 Physocaulis, 117 Pimpinele anisa, 133 Pimpinella, 48, 132 Anisum, 132, 133, 295 apiodora, 148 nudicaulis, 146 Carvi, 134 Deeringia, 104 domingensis, 129 integerrima, 122 integrifolia, 122 leptophylla, 129 magna, 132 major, 132 mexicana, 76 nigra, 133 nodiflora, 131 Parishii, 142 Podagraria, 134 Saxifraga, 132, 133 major, 132 nigra, 132, 133 Pimpinella sect. Zizioides, 121 Pinasgelon, 190 monniera, 190 Platycodon, 112 Platydaucon, 112 Platyspermum, 112 Pleiotaenia, 258 Nuttallii, 258 texana, 259 Podagraria, 134 Aegopodium, 134 Podistera, 148 albensis, 149 Eastwoodae, 149 Macounii, 149 nevadensis, 149 Podosciadium, 1/39 Bolanderi, 142 californicum, /43 Polgidon, 294 bulbosum, 294 temulum, 294 Polytaenia, 50, 258 Nuttallii, 258 texana, 259 texana, 258, 259 Polytemia trifida, 258 verticillata, 258 Pomelia, 112 Prionitis Falcaria, 139 falcata, 139 Prionosciadium, 50, 205 acuminatum, 205, 206 cuneatum, 206, 208 dissectum, 206, 211 diversifolium, 206, 209 durangense, 211 filifolium, 206, 210 humile, 206, 212 linearifolium, 206, 210 macrophyllum, 206, 211 madrense, 205, 206, 211, 212 megacarpum, 206, 208 mexicanum, 207, 210 acuminatum, 206 [VOLUME 288, Part 2, 1945] Prionosciadium moschatum, 207 Nelsoni, 205, 207 Palmeri, 207 palustre, 209 Pringlei, 208 Seleri, 207 serratum, 205, 207 simplex, 206, 212 tenuifolium, 2/0 thapsoides, 206, 207 Pringlei, 206, 208 Townsendi, 206, 209 Watsoni, 206, 210 Pseudocymopterus, 49, 50, 189 aletifolius, 186 anisatus, 186 longilobus, 186 bipinnatus, 182 Davidsoni, 187 filicinus, 187 Hendersoni, 186 humboldtensis, 183 montanus, 189 multifidus, 189 purpureus, 189 tenuifolius, 189 multifidus, 189 nivalis, 183 purpureus, /89 sylvaticus, 189 tenuifolius, 189 Tidestromii, 189 versicolor, /89 Pseudopteryxia, /83 aletifolia, 186 anisata, 186 Hendersonii, /86 longiloba, 186 Pseudoreoxis, 183 bipinnatus, 182 nivalis, 183 Pseudotaenidia, 50, 221 montana, 221, 222 Pteryxia, 49, 183 albiflora, 185 anisata, 184, 186 calcarea, 185 californica, 185 Davidsoni, 184, 187 Elrodi, 185 foeniculacea, 185 Hendersoni, 184, 186 petraea, 184, 186 terebinthacea, /84 terebinthina, 184 albiflora, 184, 185 calcarea, 184, 185 californica, 184, 185 foeniculacea, 184, 185 thapsoides, 185 Ptilimnium, 45, 161 capillaceum, 162, 163, 164 costatum, 162, 163 fluviatilis, 162 junceum, 1/63 laciniatum, 1/61 missouriense, 163 INDEX Ptilimnium nodosum, 162 Nuttallii, 162, 163, 164 texense, 164 viviparum, 162 Pullipes, 293 Pycnothryx Clementis, 89 Reilia, 261 Reynoldsia americana, 8 Rhodosciadium, 49, 50, 51, 213 argutum, 213, 218 diffusum, 213, 216 dissectum, 213, 215 glaucum, 213, 214, 215 lineare, 213, 215 longipes, 213, 216 macrophyllum, 213, 214 montanum, 213, 217 Nelsoni, 213, 217 nudicaule, 213, 217 Pringlei, 213, 214, 216 purpureum, 213, 214 tolucense, 213, 214 tuberosum, 213, 215 Rhynchostylis, 117 Rhysopterus, 46, 128 corrugatus, 175 Jonesii, 175 plurijugus, 128 Ricinophyllum americanum, /1 horridum, // Rompelia, 192 Roseana, 199 Ryssosciadium, 128 Sanicula, 44, 63 arctopoides, 63, 64 arguta, 63, 64 bipinnata, 64, 70 bipinnatifida, 64, 69 flava, 69 Hoffmanii, 69 nemoralis, 69 canadensis, 63, 66 genuina, 66 grandis, 66 marylandica, 68 typica, 66 crassicaulis, 63, 65 genuina, 65 Howellii, 63, 65 tripartita, 65 diversiloba, 65 europaea, 63 floridana, 66 gregaria, 63, 66 Howellii, 65 laciniata, 63, 68 serpentina, 68 liberta, 63, 66 marilandica, 63, 68 borealis, 68 canadensis, 66 petiolulata, 68 maritima, 63, 68 Menziesii, 65 foliacea, 65 nudicaulis, 65 pedata, 65 mexicana, 66 393 394 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA (VOLUME 28B, nemoralis, 69 nevadensis, 63, 64 nudicaulis, 65 odorata, 66 Peckiana, 64, 69 pinnatifida, 70 saxatilis, 64, 70 serpentina, 68 Smallii, 63, 67 triclinaria, 66 Triclinium, 66 trifoliata, 63, 67 tripartita, 65 tuberosa, 64, 70 Sataria, 219 linearis, 220 longipes, 220 Scadiasis, 192 Scandix, 45, 109 Anthriscus, 115 bulbosa, 118 Cerefolium, 1/14 Claytonii, 108 divaricata, 106 dulcis, 108 longistylis, 108 nuda, 106 Pecten, 109 Pecten-Veneris, 109 pectinifera, 109 pectiniformis, 109 procumbens, /19 temula, 117 ternata, 104 Schefflera, 4, 25 arborea, /7 Belangeri, 25, 27 Brenesii, 25, 27 chartacea, 27 cuneifolia, 21 digitata, 25 epiphytica, 25, 26 nicaraguensis, 26, 28 robusta, 26, 29 samydifolia, 17 Sciadophyllum, 27 Sciodaphyllum, 25, 27 Seibertii, 26, 29 systyla, 25, 28 troyana, 25, 26 Schiedeophytum, 75 fallax, 76 mexicanum, 76 Sciadodendron, 3, 8 excelsum, 8 Sciadophyllum, 25 Belangeri, 27 capitatum, 17, 36 guatemalense, 40 Jacquini, 16 nicaraguense, 28 praetermissum, 27 samydifolium, 17 systylum, 28 troyanum, 26 Sciodaphyllum, 25 arboreum, 17 Brownii, 27 Sanicula Sciodaphyllum chartaceum, 27 robustum, 29 sp., 40 Selinum acaule, 170, 180 ammoides, 138 Anisum, 133 Benthami, 191 Berula, 151 bulbosum, /18 canadense, 191 capitellatum, 202 Carvi, 134 Cerefolium, 114 chrysostomiale, 130 cnidiifolium, 192 Conium, 137 Coriandrum, 1/50 Cuminum, 116 Cynapium, 159 Dawsoni, 192 eryngiifolium, 202 Falcaria, 139 foeniculeum, 12/ graveolens, 130 Grayi, 200 Hookeri, 197 Imperatoria, 259 Kingii, 196 Levisticum, 203 Libanotis, 154 Monnieri, 190 nodiflorum, 131 Ostruthium, 259 pacificum, 191 Pecten, 109 Petroselinum, /32 Phellandrium, /58 Pimpinella, 133 nigra, 1/33 pimpinelloides, 132 Podagraria, 134 repens, /3/ Sphondylium, 260 temulum, 1/7 terebinthinum, 184 validum, 202 Visnaga, 138 Seseli, 49, 153 Aegopodium, 134 Ammi, 129 divaricatum, 125 Falcaria, 139 graveolens, 130 Hallii, 127 leiocarpum, 257 Libanotis, 154 libanotum, 154 lucidum, 125 nodiflorum, 131 Nuttallii, 251, 257 pimpinelloides, 153 triternatum, 254 Siflora pusillum, 293 Sion, 152 Sison Ammi, 1/29 Anisum, 133 aureus, 123 bulbosum, 74 Part 2, 1945] Sison canadense, 104 divaricatus, 72 nodiflorum, 131 Podagraria, 134 pusillum, 72 trifoliatum, /23 Sium, 47, 48, 152 angustifolium, /5/ Apium, 130 Berula, 151 canadense, 104 Carsonii, 152, 153 cicutaefolium, /52 Carsonii, 153 heterophyllum, 152 lineare, 152 cicutarium, 152 Conium, 137 Douglasii, 155 erectum, /51 Falcaria, 139 falcatum, 139 floridanum, 152, 153 graveolens, 130 heterophyllum, /52 heterophylum, 295 incisum, /5/ latifolium, 152 lineare, 152 longifolium, 220 nodiflorum, 1/29, 131 Novae-Mexicae, 151 Podagraria, 134 pusillum, 74, 151 repens, /31 rigidius, 219, 220 rugosum, 152 suave, 152, 295 Carsonii, 153 fasciculatum, /53 tenuifolium, 152 tricuspidatum, 220 Siumis heterophyla, 295 Smyrnium aegopodioides, 96 atropurpureum, 187 aureum, 122, 123, 188 barbinode, 188 cordatum, 122, 187 integerrimum, 121, 122 nudicaule, 241, 252, 257 Spananthe, 44, 60 angulosa, 60 paniculata, 60 setosa, 60 Spermatura, 105 Spermolepis, 44, 46, 71, 293 divaricata, 72, 293 echinata, 72 inermis, 72 patens, 72 inermis, 72 Sphenosciadium, 49, 202 capitellatum, 202 eryngiifolium, 202 scabrum, 202 validum, 202 eryngiifolium, 202 Sphondylium, 260 INDEX Sphondylium lanatum, 26/ vulgare, 260 Staflinus, 1/2 Strebanthus, 261 auriculatus, 281 Streblanthus, 261 auriculatus, 281 gracilis, 28/ heterophylus, 281 humilis, 28/ tenuifolius, 281 Suida interior, 304 stolonifera riparia, 304 Svida, 299 alternifolia, 307 Amomum, 305 asperifolia, 302 Baileyi, 304 californica, 305 candidissima, 301 catalinensis, 303 circinata, 306 foemina, 301 glabrata, 303 Greenei, 305 instolonea, 304 microcarpa, 302 Priceae, 302 pubescens, 305 Purpusi, 306 racemosa, 30/ rugosa, 306 sessilis, 307 stolonifera, 304 stricta, 301 Torreyi, 305 unalaskensis, 310 Taenidia, 47, 121 integerrima, 121, 122 Taeniopleurum, 139, 140 Tauschia, 46, 47, 81 alpina, 81, 83 arguta, 81, 85 biennis, 77 Coulteri, 96 decumbens, 83 drudeophytoides, 97 edulis, 101 Ehrenbergii, 81, 83 filiformis, 82, 87 fusiformis, 77 glauca, 82, 85 Hartwegi, 82, 85 Hooveri, 81, 89 Howellii, 82, 86 humilis, 81, 88 Johnstoniana, 81, 82, 88 Kelloggii, 82, 86 linearifolia, 81, 82 madrensis, 82, 84 mariana, 82, 88 Nelsoni, 84 nudicaulis, 81, 83, 87 Parishii, 82, 86 peucedanoides, 78 pinetorum, 80 pubescens, 101 Roseana, 88 395 396 Tauschia scabrella, 79 Seatoni, 81, 87 Stricklandi, 81, 82, 84 tenuifolia, 82, 87 texana, 82, 84 vaginata, 102 vestita, 90 Tenorea, 135 protracta, 137 rotundifolia, 136 Tepso, 135 Odontites, 136 Thapsia glomerata, 1/80 trifoliata, 187 Thaspium, 50, 187 atropurpureum, 1/87 aureum, 123, 188 apterum, 123 atropurpureum, 188 cordatum, /88 involucratum, 200 trifoliatum, /88 barbinode, 187, 188 angustifolium, /88 Chapmani, /88 Garmani, 188 pinnatifidum, 188 montanum, 189 tenuifolium, 189 pinnatifidum, 187, 188 sylvaticum, 188 tenuifolium, 220 trachypleurum, /24 trifoliatum, 187 apterum, 122 atropurpureum, 188 aureum, 188 flavum, 187, 188 trifoliatum, 188 Walteri, 188 ziziopsis, 188 Tiedemannia, 219 Bakeri, 219 Fendleri, 221 rigida, 220 ambigua, 220 teretifolia, 219 ternata, 220 Tiricta, 112 daucoides, 113 Tommasinia, 1/92 Tordylium americanum, 258 Anthriscus, 110 latifolium, 1/1 nodosum, 1/0 Torilis, 45, 110, 293 Anthriscus, 110 arvensis, 110, 111, 293 japonica, 110 nodosa, 110 peruviana, 1/4 scabra, 110, 111 Trachypleurum, 135 subovatum, /37 Tragium Anisum, 133 Tragoselinum magnum, 132 majus, 132 Saxifragum, 133 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 28By Trepocarpus, 46, 115 Aethusae, 116 brachycarpus, /16 Triclinium, 63 marilandica, 68 odoratum, 66 Triphylleion, 90 chirripoi, 93 Trisanthus, 58 Tupelo, 313 Turgenia latifolia, 1/1 Umbellales, 1 Umbelliferae, 1, 43 Upopion, 187 cordatum, 188 heterophyllum, /88 lobatum, 187 rigida, 187 pinnatum, 187 trifoliatum, 187 Uraspermum, 105 aristatum, /08 brevistyle, 107, 108 longistyle, 108 villicaule, 109 barbatum, 106 brevipes, 106 Claytoni, 108 divaricata, 106 dulce, 108 laevicaule, 108 hirsutum, 108 nudum, 106 Velaea, 81, 90 arguta, 85 ternata, 85 cordata, 79 decumbens, 83 dissecta, 80 glauca, 85 purpurascens, §5 Hartwegi, 85 Howellii, 86 Kelloggii, 86 Parishii, 86 peucedanoides, 78 scabrella, 79 Schaffneri, 78 serrata, 80 tenuifolia, 87 ternata, 78 texana, 84 tolucensis, 94 tuberosa, 77 vestita, 90 Visnaga, 138 vera, 295 Wangenheimia, /4 Washingtonia, 105 ambigua, 106 brachypoda, 107 brevipes, 106 Claytonia, 108 divaricata, 106 intermedia, 106 Leibergi, 106 longistylis, 108 brachycoma, 109 villicaulis, 109 Part 2, 1945] Washingtonia mexicana, 107 obtusa, 107 occidentalis, /06 purpurea, 106 Wylia Pecten-Veneris, 109 Yabea, /1/ microcarpa, 112 Zizia, 47, 122 aptera, 122 occidentalis, 122 arenicola, /23 aurea, 122, 123 Bebbii, 123 obtusifolia, 123 Zizia Bebbii, 123 cordata, 122 Hallii, 127 integerrima, 122 latifolia, 122, 123 parvifolia, 188 pinnatifida, 188 Stricklandi, 84 sylvatica, 188 Taenidia, 121 trifoliata, 122, 123 Zizia sect. Taenidia, 121 Zosima Nuttallii, 258 Zozimia Nuttallii, 258 397 eta ey sft aS a soya s Le are nS Ms Sac as ty Sh pane Baie 9 Ry. COMPLETED VOLUMES 9: i-iv, 1-542. (Agaricales:) Polyporaceae (pars), Boletaceae, Agaricaceae (pars). Complete in 7 parts. 7: i-iv, 1-1151. Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae, Tilletiaceae. Uredinales: Coleosporiaceae, Uredinaceae, Aecidiaceae. Complete in 15 parts. PARTS OF VOLUMES PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED 2!: 1-76. Blastocladiales: Blastocladiaceae. Monoblepharidales: Monoble- pharidaceae. Saprolegniales: Saprolegniaceae, Ectrogellaceae, Leptomi- taceae. 3!: 1-88. Hypocreales: Nectriaceae, Hypocreaceae. Fimetariales: Chaeto- miaceae, Fimetariaceae. 6!: 1-84. Phyllostictales: Phyllostictaceae (pars). 10!: 1-76.- 102: 77-144. 10%: 145-226. 104: 227-276. 105: 277-348. (Agari- cales:) Agaricaceae (pars). 111: 1-102. pl. 1-36. Oedogoniales: Oedogoniaceae. 14'; 1-66. Sphaerocarpales: Sphaerocarpaceae, Riellaceae. Marchantiales: Ricciaceae, Corsiniaceae, Targioniaceae, Sauteriaceae, Rebouliaceae, Marchantiaceae. 15': 1-75. Sphagnales: Sphagnaceae. Andreaeales: Andreaeaceae. Bryales: Archidiaceae, Bruchiaceae, Ditrichaceae, Bryoxyphiaceae, Seligeriaceae. 152: 77-166. Dicranaceae, Leucobryaceae. 15%: 167-202. pl. 1-10. Fissidentaceae. 16!: 1-88. Ophioglossales: Ophioglossaceae. Marattiales: Marattiaceae. Filicales: Osmundaceae, Ceratopteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Cyatheaceae (pars). 17!: 1-98. Pandanales: Typhaceae, Sparganiaceae. Naiadales: Zannichel- liaceae, Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Naiadaceae, Lilaeaceae. Alismales: Scheuchzeriaceae, Alismaceae, Butomaceae. Hydrocharitales: Elodeaceae, Hydrocharitaceae. Poales: Poaceae (pars). 177: 99-196. 17%: 197-288. 17; 289-354. 17°: 355-418. 17°: 419-482. 177: 483-542. 178: 543-638. Poaceae (pars). 18'!: 1-60. 187: 61-112. 18%: 113-168. 184: 169-240. 18°: 241-312. 18°: 313- 392. 187: 393-478. (Poales:) Cyperaceae (pars). — 19': 1-60. Xyridales: Mayacaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Pontederia- ceae. 19%: 61-228. Bromeliaceae. 211: 1-93. Chenopodiales: Chenopodiaceae. 217: 95-169. Amaranthaceae. 21%: 171-254. Allioniaceae. 214: 255-339. Batidaceae, Petiveriaceae, Tetragoniaceae, Portulacaceae, Basellaceae. 221: 1-80. Rosales: Podostemonaceae, Crassulaceae, Penthoraceae, Parnas- siaceae. 222: 81-191. Saxifragaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Cunoniaceae, Itea- ceae, Pterostemonaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Altingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae. 223: 193-292. Grossulariaceae, Platanaceae, Crossosomataceae, Connar- aceae, Calycanthaceae, Rosaceae (pars). 22+: 293-388. 22°: 389-480. 228: 481-560. Rosaceae (pars). 231: 1-76. 23%: 77-136. 23%: 137-194. (Rosales:) Mimosaceae. 234: 195- 268. Krameriaceae, Caesalpiniaceae (pars). 23°: 269-349. Caesalpini- aceae (pars). 241: 1-64. 24%: 65-136. 24%: 137-200. 24*: 201-250. 245: 251-314. 24°: 315-378. 247: 379-462. (Rosales:) Fabaceae (pars). 251: 1-87, Geraniales: Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Linaceae, 252: 89-171. Tropaeolaceae, Balsaminaceae, Limnanthaceae, Koeberlini- aceae, Zygophyllaceae, Malpighiaceae. 25°: 173-261. Rutaceae, Surian- aceae, Simaroubaceae, Burseraceae. 254: 263-326. Meliaceae, Trigoni- aceae. Polygalales: Vochyaceae, Polygalaceae (pars). 255: 327-383. Polygalaceae (pars), Dichapetalaceae. 28B: 1-160. Umbellales: Araliaceae, Umbelliferae (pars). 201: 1-102. Ericales: Clethraceae, Monotropaceae, Lennoaceae, Pyrolaceae, Ericaceae. 297: 103-192. Asclepiadales: Apocynaceae. 321: 1-86. 322: 87-158. 323: 159-228. 32°: 229-300. Rubiales: Rubiaceae (pars). 32A!: 1-134. Campanulales: Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae. 331: 1-110. Carduales: Ambrosiaceae, Carduaceae (pars). 341: 1-80. 342: 81-180. 34%: 181-288. 344: 289-360. (Carduales:) Car- duaceae (pars). a LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA. 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