LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Class 6 :L_A. CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE American Ornithologists' Union THIRD EDITION (REVISED) Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science NEW YORK AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION 1910 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION . 7 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION 15 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION ....... 19 CHECK-LIST 21 I. PYGOPODES 21 a. Colymbi ......... f 21 1. Colymbidae 21 b. Cepphi 24 2. Gaviidae 24 3. Alcidae 25 II. LONGIPENNES 33 4. Stercorariidse 33 5. Laridse 35 6. Rynchopidae 48 III. TUBINARES 48 7. Diomedeidae 48 8. Procellariidse 50 IV. STEGANOPODES .......... 59 9. Phaethontidae 59 10. Sulidse 60 11. Anhingidse 61 12. Phalacrocoracidae 62 13. Pelecanidae 64 14. Fregatid® 65 V. ANSERES 66 15. Anatidae 66 VI. ODONTOGLOSS.E 90 16. Phoenicopteridae 90 VII. HERODIONES 91 c. Ibides 91 17. Plataleidae 91 18. Ibididse 91 21C159 4 CONTENTS. PAGE d. Ciconiae 93 19. Ciconiidae 93 e. Herodii .......... 94 20. Ardeidse 94 VIII. PALUDICOL^S 100 /. Grues 100 21. Gruidse 101 22. Aramidae 101 g. Ralli 101 23. Rallidae . . . 101 IX. LIMICOI^E 107 24. Phalaropodidae 107 25. Recurvirostridse 108 26. Scolopacidae 109 27. Charadriidse 126 28. Aphrizidae 131 29. Hsematopodidse 132 30. Jacanidse 133 X. GALLING .- - 134 h. Phasiani . . .134 31. Odontophorida? . . . . . . . .134 32. Tetraonidaj 137 33. Meleagridae 145 i. Penelopes ... ...... 146 34. Cracida3 146 XI. COLUMB^E 147 35. Columbidae 147 XII. RAPTORES 152 j. Sarcorhamphi 152 36. Cathartidse 152 k. Falcones 153 37. Buteonidae 153 38. Falconidae 163 39. Pandionidae 168 1. Striges 168 40. Aluconidse 168 41. Strigidse 169 XIII. PSITTACI 179 42. Psittacidse 179 XIV. COCCYGES 180 ra. Cuculi 180 43. Cuculidae 180 n. Trogones 183 44. Trogonida3 183 o. Alcyones 183 45. Alcedinidae 183 CONTENTS. 5 PAGE XV. PICI ]85 46. Picidae 185 XVI. MACROCHIRES .......... 196 p. Caprimulgi 196 47. Caprimulgidae 196 q. Cypseli 200 48. Micropodidae . . 200 r. Trochili 201 49. Trochilidse 201 XVII. PASSERES 207 s. Clamatores 207 50. Cotingidse 207 51. Tyrannidae 207 /. Oscines 218 52. Alaudidse 218 53. Corvidae 221 54. Sturnidae 230 55. Icteridae 231 56. Fringillidae 240 57. Tangaridae 288 58. Hirundinidae 290 59. Bombycillidae 295 60. Laniidae 296 61. Vireonidae . .298 62. Coerebidae 304 63. Mniotiltidae 304 64. Motacillidae 327 65. Cinclidae 329 66. Mimidae 330 67. Troglodytidae 335 68. Certhiidae 344 69. Sittidae 345 70. Paridse 347 71. ChameeidiE 354 72. Sylviidae . . . 355 73. Turdidae 358 HYPOTHETICAL LIST 369 THE FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA . 375 INDEX 395 UNIVERSITY OF PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. THE first edition of this Check-List of North American Birds was published in 1886,1 and the second (revised) in 1895.2 The preparation of the present (third) edition was authorized at a Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union held in New York Gity, November 13-16, 1905, the work being assigned to the Committee on Nomenclature and Classification of North American Birds. Another Committee was at the same time appointed to make a critical examina- tion of the A. O. U. Code of Nomenclature, with a view to amending some of its provisions, should such revision seem desirable. This Committee, after prolonged consideration of the subject, made its report, which was adopted by the Council of the Union, and a small edition of the revised Code was issued in July, 1908.3 The 'New Code' is thus the basis of the nomenclatural rulings of the present Check-List. The Committee on Nomenclature and Classification, besides holding numerous sessions covering a period of four years, appor- tioned much of the labor of preparing the Check-List among various subcommittees, the work of individual members of the Committee between its sessions being thus the real measure of its activities. The results have been made public in two supplements (Fourteenth and 1 The Code orNomenclature | and | Check-List of North American Birds ) adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union | being the Report of the Committee | of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | 1886.— 8vo, pp. viii + 392. 2 Check- List | of | North American Birds | Prepared by a Committee | of the American Ornithologists' Union | Second and Revised Edition | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | 1895 — 8vo, pp. xi + 372. 3 The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists' Union | — | Revised Edition | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | July, 1908 — 8vo, pp. i- Ixxxv. Edition, 200 copies + 150 printed later. 8 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. Fifteenth) to the Check-List, published respectively in 'The Auk' for July, 1908, and July, 1909.1 The changes in nomenclature from the second edition are numer- ous, and result mainly from two causes: The recent unprecedented activity in bibliographic research, abroad as well as in America, and the strict, application of the law of priority. The critical examination of many little known or wholly overlooked early publications, and more careful scrutiny of others long well known, has led to the dis- covery of many generic and specific names that, under universally accepted rules of nomenclature, must be adopted. Many of these changes result from the tendency heretofore to ignore rules of nomen- clature when their observance entailed unwelcome changes in technical names. With each year, however, the tendency is toward a strict enforcement of generally accepted rules of nomenclature, the former indifference to such rules rapidly giving place to their strenuous observance, especially by the younger school of taxonomers. Many changes in generic names have resulted from raising to generic rank various groups recognized merely as subgenera in the first and second editions of the Check-List, their reduction in grade by the original Committee having failed to meet with general approval. The classification adopted for the Check-List a quarter of a century ago does not now reflect current views on the relationships of many 1 Eight Supplements to the Check-List have been published since the appearance of the second edition, as follows: Eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. — Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, pp. 117-135. Ninth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds.— Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, pp. 97-133. Tenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds.— Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, pp. 295-320. Eleventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XIX, July, 1902, pp. 315-342. Twelfth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XX, July, 1903, pp. 331-368. Thirteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. — Auk, XXI, July, 1904, pp. 411-424. Fourteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. — Auk, XXV, July, 1908, pp. 343-399. Fifteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XXVI, July, 1909, pp. 294-303. For a list of the previous Supplements see the Preface to the second edition of the Check-List (below, p. 15). PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 9 of the ordinal and subordinal groups of birds. It was at first the intention of the Committee to modernize the sequence of these groups. The fact, however, that present systems of classification in ornithology are admittedly tentative, and differ widely among themselves, it seemed best, from the standpoint of convenience, to continue the old Check- List system unchanged, since the users of the Check-List are familiar with the present order of arrangement and would regret the annoyance that a radical change from it would cause. In deference to this known wide-spread preference the old order of arrangement has been continued. In the opinion of the Committee, a slight modification1 of the system proposed by Dr. Hans Gadow in 1892-932 would best reflect our present knowledge of the classification of birds, an abstract of which is here added. This system is at present extensively em- ployed, it being that followed by Evans in the volume ' Birds' of the 'Cambridge Natural History Series' (London, 1899), and by Knowl- ton in his recently published 'Birds of the World' (New York, 1909). It is also the basis of the system adopted by Ridgway in his ' Birds of North and Middle America.' The subjoined abstract of the Gadow system is from Bronn's 'Thier-reichs'. The Check-List equivalents are added in brackets, for convenience of comparison. ABSTRACT OF GADOW'S CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. CLASS AVES.8 Subclass I. ARCH^ORNITHES. Subclass II. NEORNITHES. Division I. Neornithes Ratitae. Ratitce. Struthiones. Rhese. 1 It is believed, for example, that the groups Columbae, Striges, and Psittaci should be accorded ordinal rank ; and in general the Committee would prefer the Check- List eval- uation of the groups therein recognized as orders and suborders. 2 On the Classification of Birds. By Hans Gadow, M. A., Ph. D., F. Z. S., Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Advanced Morphology of Vertebrata in the University of Cambridge. — Proc. Zodl. Soc. London, 1892, pp. 229-256. Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-reichs, wissenschaftlich darges- telt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. Vierte Abtheilung. V6gel. Von Hans Gadow, Ph. D., M. A., F. R. S II, Systematischer Theil, Leipzig, 1893.— Roy. 8vo, pp. vii + 304. 3 Subclass I, and Divisions 1 and 2, and Order 1 of Division 3, consist wholly of extinct types, and are not included in the classification, adopted in the Check-List, given above in the 'Table of Contents'. 10 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. Casuarii. Apteryges. Dinornithes. ^Epyornithes. Stereornithes. Phororhacos, Brontornis, Stereornis, etc. Diatryma. Remiornis, Dasornis. Gastornis. Division 2. Neornithes Odontolcse. Hesperornithes . Enaliornithes. Division 3. Neornithes Carinatse. Order 1. Ichthyornithes. " 2. Colymbiformes. [= Order Pygopodes, excluding Alcidse.] Suborder Colymbi. [= Suborder Cepphi, excluding Alcidae.] " Podicipedes. [= Suborder Colymbi.] " 3. Sphenisciformes. [ExtralimitaL] " 4. Procellariiformes. [= Order Tubinares.] " 5. Ciconiiformes. [= Orders Steganopodes, Herodiones, and Odon- toglossae.] Suborder Steganopodes. [= Order Steganopodes.] Ardese. [= Suborder Herodii.] " Ciconise. [= Suborders Ibides and Ciconise.] Phoenicopteri. [= Order Odontoglossse.] " 6. Anseriformes. [= Order Anseres.] 7. Falconiformes. [= Order Raptores, excluding Striges.] Suborder Catharta3. [= Suborder Sarcorhamphi.] " Accipitres. [= Suborder Falcones.] " 8. Tinamiformes. [ExtralimitaL] " 9. Galliformes. [= Order Gallinae.] Suborder Mesites. [ExtralimitaL] " Turnices. [ExtralimitaL] " Galli. [= Suborders Phasiani and Penelopes.] Opisthocomi. [ExtralimitaL] " 10. Gruiformes. [= Order Paludicolse, divided into Suborders Grues and Ralli.] " 11. Charadriiformes. [= Orders Limicolae and Longipennes, Family Alcidse, and Order Columbae.] Suborder Limicolae. [= Order Limicolse.] Lari. [= Order Longipennes + Alcida?.] Pterocles. [ExtralimitaL] " Columbae. [= Order Columbse.] " 12. Cuculiformes. [= Order Psittaci and Suborder Cuculi.] Suborder Cuculi. [= Suborder Cuculi.] " Psittaci. [= Order Psittaci.] PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 11 Order 13. Coraciiformes. [= Suborders Trogones, Alcyones and Striges, and Orders Macrochires and Pici.] Suborder Coracise. [= Suborder Alcyones -f other (extra- limital) groups.] Suborder Striges. [= Suborder Striges of Raptores.] " Caprimulgi. [= Suborder Caprimulgi.] " Cypseli. [= Suborders Cypseli and Trochili.] Trogones. [= Suborder Trogones.] " Pici. [= Order Pici + various extralimital fami- lies in addition to the Woodpeckers.] " 14. Passeriformes. [= Order Passeres.] Suborder Passeres anisomyodi. Subclama tores. [Extralimital.] Clamatores. [= Suborder Clamatores.] " Passeres diacromyodi. Suboscines. [Extralimital.] Oscines. [= Suborder Oscines.] It has been considered advisable to retain the present sequence of the groups down to and including species. As many species have been added, and some eliminated, since the publication of the original edition of the Check-List in 1886, a new consecutive numbering of the species would differ much from that hitherto in use. It has there- fore seemed best to omit the serial numbering in the present edition, giving the old numbers in brackets at the right of the name, as a cross-reference or concordance to the previous editions and the later Supplements. The geographical boundaries of the Check-List area remain as heretofore. The principal changes in the construction of the new edition are the following: 1. The elimination of all species included in former editions exclusively on the authority of Giraud as found in "Texas," except where their occurrence within the Check-List limits has been confirmed. 2. The secondary references under species and subspecies, and the concord- ance to the previous check-lists (those of Baird, Coues, and Ridgway), are omitted. 3. The mention of the type species under genera is followed by a statement of how the type was determined — whether by monotypy, tautonymy, original designation, or subsequent designation. 4. The type localities of species and subspecies are given as indicated by the original author. 5. Generic, specific, and subspecific names are marked for accent. 12 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 6. Numbering of species omitted. 7. Stragglers or accidental visitors are designated by the matter relating to them being bracketed. 8. Subspecies are distinguished typographically by the use of smaller type. 9. Addition of a map showing the principal life zones of North America. At the meetings of the Committee held in 1905 and 1906, and also later, the various parts of the work connected with the preparation of a new Check-List were assigned to different members of the Com- mittee, acting as subcommittees, with whom were sometimes asso- ciated other members of the Union familiar with special questions. The Committee is thus especially indebted to Messrs. Chapman, Cooke, A. K. Fisher, J. Grinnell, Lucas, Nelson, Oberholser, Osgood, and Stejneger for assistance in its work. To Dr. Richmond was assigned the task of verifying the references and citations in the second edition of the Check-List, and of preparing the nomenclatural part of the new Check-List for publication. A special subcommittee on nomenclature was established, consisting of the Chairman, Richmond, and Stone. To Mr. Ridgway (with the cooperation of Dr. Stejneger) was assigned the task of drafting a new classification, which, however, it was finally decided not to use, for reasons already given. The determination of type localities of species and subspecies was assigned to Drs. Richmond and A. K. Fisher. The revision of the list of fossil North American birds was referred to Drs. Richmond and Lucas. The accentuation of the technical names was referred to a sub- committee consisting of the Chairman, Dr. Dwight, and Mr. Batchelder. The preliminary revision of the geographical ranges of the species and subspecies was undertaken by Mr. Stone, while the final revision and preparation of the manuscript for the press was assumed by Dr. Merriam, who, with the aid of members of his scientific staff (Biologi- cal Survey) has given the subject thorough consideration. It was at first intended to base the revision on an examination of published records, but later these were supplemented by the resources, in large part unpublished, of the Biological Survey. The ranges as now given therefore embody a large amount of original research, and may be taken as reflecting the present available knowledge of the subject, for which the Union owes a lasting debt of gratitude to PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 13 Mr. Stone and Dr. Merriam, and those associated with them in the work.1 A subcommittee on the revision of the vernacular names consisted of the Chairman and Dr. D wight. The changes made are not numer- ous, and are mainly the substitution of the vernacular names most in use within the range of the species. (For a list of these changes see the Fifteenth Supplement, published in ' The Auk/ July, 1909, pp. 302, 303). The final editorial supervision of the new Check-List was assigned to the Chairman. Committee. J. A. ALLEN, Chairman. CHAS. W. RICHMOND, Secretary. WILLIAM BREWSTER. JONATHAN DWIGHT, JR. C. HART MERRIAM. ROBERT RIDGWAY. WITMER STONE. 1 Besides the valuable assistance rendered by Messrs. W. W. Cooke, H. W. Henshaw, E. W. Nelson, H. C. Oberholser, and W. H. Osgood, of the Biological Survey, Mr. Joseph Grinnell, Curator of the Museum of Vertebrate ZoSlogy of the University of California, has kindly revised the ranges of many of the species represented in California. Messrs. Arthur T. Wayne, Andrew Allison, and H. H. Kopman furnished, respectively, manuscript lists of the birds of South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, for the use of the Committee. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. A T the Eleventh Congress of the American Ornithologists' Union, ^*" held in Cambridge, Mass., November 20-23, 1894, it was voted to publish, as early as practicable, a new edition of the Union's Check- List of North American Birds, to include the numerous additions and nomenclatural changes made in the several Supplements1 to the Check-List since the publication of the original edition, together with a revision of the 'habitats' of the species and subspecies, but omitting the Code of Nomenclature.2 The original Committee on Classifica- tion and Nomenclature of North American Birds was reappointed3 to take charge of the work. The Committee held sessions in Washing- ton, D. C., January 15-19, 1894, and February 12, 13, 1895, to outline the work and to rule on the questions involved in the publication of the revised List. The revision of the matter relating to the geographic 1 Supplement | to the | Code of Nomenclature and Check-List | of | North American Birds | adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union | Prepared by | a Committee of the Union | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | 1889. — 8vo, pp. 23. Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, VII, Jan. 1890, pp. 60-66. Also separate. Third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds. The Auk, VIII, Jan. 1891, pp. 83-90. Also separate. Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, IX, Jan. 1892, pp. 105-108. Also separate. Fifth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk,X, Jan. 1893, pp. 59-63. Also separate. Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds. The Auk, XI, Jan. 1894, pp. 46-51. Also separate. Seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, XII, April, 1894, pp. 163-169. Also separate. Check-List | of | North American Birds | according to the Canons of Nomenclature | of the | American Ornithologists' Union | — | Abridged Edition | Revised | — | Published by the American Ornithologists' Union | 1889. — 8vo, pp. 71. Includes the additions to the original Check- List made in the first Supplement. 2 Republished separately in 1892 as a pamphlet of 72 pages with the following title: The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists' Union | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | 1892. [8vo, pp. i-v + 1-72. Same as the original, with a prefatory ' Note ' and Index.] 3 With the exception of Mr. H. W. Henshaw, who was unable to serve, and Dr. C. Hart Merriam was appointed in his stead. 15 16 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. distribution of the species and subspecies was undertaken by the Committee as a whole, each member in turn taking it in hand, while the incorporation of typographic and other rectifications made during the sessions of the Committee,1 and the final preparation of the manu- script for the printer, was referred to a subcommittee consisting of the Editor of 'The Auk/ to whom was also assigned the general editorial supervision of the work. The following extracts from the Introduction to the Code of Nomen- clature (pp. 14, 15) will serve to explain the scope and plan of the Check-List, including the method of incorporating additions. "1. That the term 'North American/ as applied to the proposed List of Birds, be held to include the continent of North America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland; and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging thereto. "2. That species be numbered consecutively, and that subspecies be enumerated by affixing the letters, a, 6, c, etc., to the number borne by their respective species ; provided, that any subspecies of a species not included in the North American Fauna shall be separately numbered as if a species. "3. That stragglers or accidental visitors, not regarded as components of the North American Fauna, be distinguished by having their respective num- bers in brackets. " 4. That any subsequent additions to the list be interpolated in systema- tic order, and bear the number of the species immediately preceding, with the addition of a figure (1, 2, etc., as the case may require), separated from the original number by a period or decimal point, thus giving the interpolated number a decimal form (e. g., 243.1, etc.), in order that the original numbers may be permanent. "6. That Giraud's at present unconfirmed species of Texan birds be in- cluded in the List on Giraud's authority. "7. That species and subspecies the zoological status of which cannot be satisfactorily determined, like, e. g., Regulus cuvieri and Spiza townsendi of Audubon, be referred to a hypothetical list, in each case with a brief statement of the reasons for such allocation. "8. That a list of the fossil species of North American birds be added as an Appendix to the List proper. 1 The Committee desires to here acknowledge valuable assistance received, especially in the preparation of the geographic portions of the list, from Major Charles Bendire, Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Dr. Walter Faxon, Dr. A. K. Fisher, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and Dr. T, S. Palmer. The Committee is further indebted to Dr. Palmer for numerous correc- tions in the citations of original references. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 17 "9. That the names of subgeneric and supergeneric groups of North American birds be included in the List in systematic order, to the end that the List may represent a classification as well as a nomenclature of the birds. "10. That references be given to the original description of the species, and to the publication where the name as adopted in the List was first used; that the number borne by each species and subspecies in the Lists of Baird, 1858, of Coues, 1873, of Ridgway, 1880, and of Coues, 1882, be bracketed in chronological order after the synonymatic references. "11. That a summary statement of the habitat of each species and sub- species, with special reference to its North American range, be included in the List. "12. That the name of each bird shall consist of its generic without its subgeneric name, and of its specific with its subspecific name, if it have one, without the intervention of any other term. " 14. That every technical name be followed by a vernacular name, selected with due regard to its desirability. "15. That the name of each species and subspecies be followed by the name of the original describer of the same, to be enclosed in parenthesis when it is not also the authority for the name adopted. "16. That all specific and subspecific names shall begin with a lower-case letter. "17. That the sequence in classification followed in previous Lists be reversed, the List to begin with the lowest or most generalized type, and end with the highest or most specialized." ELLIOT COUES. J. A. ALLEN. WILLIAM BREWSTER. C. HART MERRIAM. ROBERT RIDGWAY. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. A T the first Congress of the American Ornithologists' Union, held ^ in New York, September 26-29, 1883, the following resolution was adopted : — "Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Committee of five, including him- self, to whom shall be referred the question of a Revision of the Classification and Nomenclature of the Birds of North America." In pursuance of this resolution the following Committee was ap- pointed: Messrs. Coues, Allen, Ridgway, Brewster, and Henshaw. The Committee, having held numerous sessions in Washington and New York, presented its Report at the second Congress of the Union, held in New York, Sept. 30 to Oct. 2, 1884, when the following resolu- tion was adopted: — " Resolved, That the Report of the Committee on the Revision of the Nomen- clature and Classification of North American Birds be accepted and adopted, and that it be recommitted to the Committee, with instructions to complete and submit it to the Council as soon as practicable; and that the Council be empowered and instructed to accept and adopt the Report as finally rendered, with such modifications as they may deem necessary, and to publish the same, copyrighted, in part or in whole, and in one or more forms, in the name and under the auspices of the American Ornithologists' Union." The Committee, having continued its sessions, presented its final report to the Council at a meeting held in Washington on the 21st of April, 1885, when the Report of the Committee was accepted and adopted, and was referred again to the Committee for publication, the Committee to exercise such editorial revision as might seem necessary. Pursuant to the foregoing resolutions of the Union and Council, the Committee now offers to the public, in the name and on behalf of the Union, the result of its labors, consisting of a List of North Ameri- 19 20 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. can Birds, preceded by the Code of Rules adopted by the Committee for its guidance in the preparation of the List. The Committee ventures to hope that the new Code will find favor, not only with ornithologists, but among zoologists generally. ELLIOTT COUES. J. A. ALLEN. ROBERT RIDGWAY. WILLIAM BREWSTER. H. W. HENSHAW. CHECK-LIST. ORDER PYGOPODES. DIVING BIRDS. SUBORDER COLYMBI. GREBES. FAMILY COLYMBIDJE. GREBES. GENUS -fflCHMOPHORUS COUES. JSchmophorus COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 229. Type, by orig. desig., Podiceps occidentalis LAWRENCE. .ffichmophonis occidentalis (LAWRENCE). Western Grebe. [1.] Podiceps occidentalis LAWRENCE, in BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 894. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to northern California, Utah, and northern North Dakota; winters from southern British Columbia south through California to central Mexico (Jalisco); casual east to Nebraska, Kansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Quebec. GENUS COLYMBUS LINNAEUS. Colymbus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. Type, by subs, desig., Colymbus cristatus LINNAEUS (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). 21 22 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBGENUS COLYMBUS. Colymbus holboelli (REINHARDT). Holbcell's Grebe. [2.] Podiceps holbosllii REINHARDT, Videnskab. Meddelelser, 1853, 76. (Nen- ortalik, Julianehaab district, Greenland.) RANGE. — North America and eastern Asia. Breeds from north- western Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava south to northern Washington, northern Montana, and southwestern Minnesota ; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Wisconsin, south- ern Ontario, and Maine south to southern California, southern Colorado, the Ohio Valley, and North Carolina; casual in Georgia and Greenland. SUBGENUS BYTES KAUP. Dytes KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 41. Type, by mono- typy, Colymbus auritus LINNAEUS. Colymbus auritus LINNAEUS. Horned Grebe. [3.] Colymbus auritus LINNZEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southwestern Ungava, and Magdalen Islands south to southern British Columbia, northern Utah, northern Nebraska, central Minnesota, southern On- tario, and northeastern Maine; winters from southern British Colum- bia, southern Ontario, and Maine south to southern California, the Gulf coast, and Florida; casual in Greenland. Colymbus nigricollis (BREHM). RANGE. — Temperate Europe, Asia, and North America; in winter south to South Africa and Central America. a. [Colymbus nigricollis nigricollis. Extralimital.] b. Colymbus nigricollis calif ornicus (HEERMANN). Eared Grebe. [4.] Podiceps californicus HEERMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 179. (California.) ORDER PYGOPODES. 23 RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, and Manitoba south to southern California, northern Arizona, northern Nebraska, and northern Iowa; winters from central Cali- fornia to Cape San Lucas and Guatemala; east to Kansas in migration; casual in Missouri, Indiana, and Ontario. SUBGENUS TACHYBAPTUS REICHENBACH. Tachybaptus REICHENBACH, Avium Syst. Nat., 1849, pi. ii. Type, by orig. desig., Colymbus minor REICHENBACH = C. ruficollis PALLAS. Colymbus dominicus LINNAEUS. RANGE. — Subtropical and tropical America. a. [Colymbus dominicus dominicus. Extralimital.] 6. Colymbus dominicus brachypterus CHAPMAN. Mexican Grebe. [5.] Colymbus dominicus brachypterus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., XII, 1899, 256. (Lomita Ranch, Lower Rio Grande, Texas.) RANGE. — Southern Lower California and southern Texas south to Panama. GENUS PODILYMBUS LESSON. Podilymbus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., 1831, 595. Type, by monotypy, Podiceps carolinensis LATHAM = Colymbus podiceps LINN^JUS. Podilymbus podiceps (LiNN^us). Pied-billed Grebe. [6.] Colymbus podiceps LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 136. (Carolina.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from British Colum- bia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Quebec, and New Brunswick south to Chile and Argentina, but often rare or local; winters from Washington, Texas, Mississippi, and Potomac Valley southward. 24 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER CEPPHI. LOONS AND AUKS. FAMILY GAVIIDJE. LOONS. GENUS GAVIA J. R. FORSTER. Gavia FORSTER, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, 38. Based exclusively upon the Loons; type, by subs, desig., Colymbus imber GUNNERUS = C. immer BRUNNICH (Allen, 1907). Gavia immer (BRUNNICH). Loon. [7.] Colymbus immer BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 38. (Probably north- ern Norway.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds in America from Kotzebue Sound, Banks Land, Barrow Strait, and northern Greenland south to northern California, northern Iowa, northern Illinois (at least formerly), northern Indiana, northern Ohio, northern New York, Pennsylvania (casually), New Hampshire, Mass- achusetts (rarely), and Nova Scotia; winters from southern British Columbia, the Great Lakes, and southern New England to southern Lower California, the Gulf coast, and Florida. Gavia adamsi (GRAY). Yellow-billed Loon. [8.] Colymbus adamsii GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 167. (Alaska.) RANGE. — Circumpolar. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, north- ern Mackenzie, and Boothia Peninsula south to mouth of the Yukon and to Great Slave Lake; south in migration to Nushagak, Alaska; accidental in Colorado and Greenland; breeds also in northern Siberia and on islands north of Europe. Gavia arctica (LiNN^us). Black-throated Loon. [9.] Colymbus arcticus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, wrest along northern coast of Siberia, on is- lands north of Europe, and from Cumberland Sound south to Ungava; ORDER PYGOPODES. 25 winters in the southern Canadian Provinces; casually south to Colo- rado, Nebraska, Iowa, northern Ohio, and Long Island, N. Y. Gavia pacifica (LAWRENCE). Pacific Loon. [10.] Colymbus pacificus LAWRENCE, in BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 889. (San Diego, CaL, and Puget Sound, Washington.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from Point Barrow, Banks Land, northern Mackenzie, and Melville Peninsula south to base of Alaska Peninsula, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin; winters along Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to Lower California and Guadalupe Island; accidental in New Mexico. Gavia stellata (PONTOPPIDAN). Red-throated Loon. [11.] Colymbus stellatus PONTOPPIDAN, Danske Atlas, I, 1763, 621. (Based on Colymbus maximus stellatus of Willughby.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from northern Alaska, Banks Land, Ellesmere Land, and northern Green- land south to Commander Islands, western Aleutian Islands, Glacier Bay, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland; winters from southern British Colum- bia to southern California, and from Maine and the Great Lakes to Florida; casual in interior to Montana, Missouri, Nebraska, and Arizona ; breeds also throughout Arctic Europe and Asia, and winters south to the Mediterranean and southern China. FAMILY ALCIDJE. AUKS, MURRES, AND PUFFINS. SUBFAMILY FRATERCULDLE. PUFFINS. GENUS LUNDA PALLAS. Lunda PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811 ?), 363. Type, by subs, desig., Alca cirrhata PALLAS (Gray, 1840). Lunda cirrhata (PALLAS). Tufted Puffin. [12.] Alca cirrhata PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 7, pi. i; pi. v, figs. 1-3. (Kamchatka to Aleutian Islands.) 26 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific from Cape Lisburne, Alaska, south to Santa Barbara Islands, California, and from Bering Strait to Japan; accidental in Maine and Greenland. GENUS FRATERCULA BRISSON. Fratercula BRISSON, On., VI, 1760, 81. Type, by monotypy, [Prater- cula] fratercula BRISSON = Alca arctica LINNAEUS. Fratercula arctica RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. a. Fratercula arctica arctica (LINN.EUS). Puffin. [13.] Alca arctica LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of North Atlantic. Breeds in North America from Ungava south to Bay of Fundy and Maine; winters south to Massa- chusetts, casually to Long Island and Delaware Bay. 6. Fratercula arctica naumanni NORTON. Large-billed Puffin. [13a.] Fratercula arctica naumanni NORTON, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., II, May, 1901, 144. (Based on Mormon glacialis of Naumann, Isis, 1821, 782, pi. vii, fig. 2.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of Arctic Ocean, from northern and western Greenland to Nova Zembla. Fratercula corniculata (NAUMANN). Horned Puffin. [14.] Mormon corniculata NAUMANN, Isis, IX, 1821, 782, pi. vii, figs. 3, 4. (Kamchatka.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific. Breeds from Cape Lisburne south on both sides of Bering Strait to Aleutian and Near islands and Glacier Bay; winters from the Aleutians south to Kuril and Queen Charlotte islands. ORDER PYGOPODES. 27 SUBFAMILY ^ETHIIN^E. AUKLETS, MURRELETS, GUILLEMOTS. GENUS CERORHINCA BONAPARTE. Cerorhinca BONAPARTE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., II, 1828, 427. Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis BONAPARTE = Alca monocerata PALLAS. Cerorhinca monocerata (PALLAS). Rhinoceros Auklet. [15.] Alca monocerata PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 362. (Cape St. Elias to Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Sitka, Alaska, south to Washington; winters from Washington south to Lower California and in Japan. GENUS PTYCHORAMPHUS BRANDT. Ptychoramphus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe"tersb., II, 1837, 347. Type, by monotypy, Uria aleutica PALLAS. Ptychoramphus aleuticus (PALLAS). Cassin's Auklet. [16.] Uria aleutica PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 370. (North Pacific Ocean.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America, from Aleutian Islands to Lower California (lat. 27°). Breeds locally throughout range. GENUS PHALERIS TEMMINCK. Phaleris TEMMINCK, Manuel d'Orn., ed. 2, I, 1820, cxii. Type, by subs, desig., Alca psittacula PALLAS (Gray, 1840). Phaleris psittacula (PALLAS). Paroquet Auklet. [17.] Alca psittacula PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 13, pi. ii; pi. v, figs. 4-6. (Kamchatka.) 28 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Coasts and islands of western Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and northern coast of eastern Siberia south to Aleutian Islands; winters from the Aleutians south to Monterey Bay, California, and in Kuril Islands, Japan. GENUS JETHIA DUMONT. £thia "MERR." DUMONT, Diet. Sci. Nat. (revised ed.), I, 1816, Suppl., 71. Type, by monotypy, Alca cristatella PALLAS. SUBQENUS JETHIA. JEthia cristatella (PALLAS). Crested Auklet. [18.] Alca cristatella PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 18, pi. iii; pi. v, figs. 7-9. (Yesso, Japan, to Kamchatka.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of Bering Sea and North Pacific, from Bering Strait south to Kadiak Island and Japan. SUBGENUS ALCELLA STONE. Alcella STONE, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 197. Type, by orig. desig., Alca pygmcea GMELIN. -ffithia pygmsea (GMELIN). Whiskered Auklet. [19.] Alca pygmcea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 555. ("Bird Island, be- tween Asia and America.") RANGE. — Aleutian Islands, and from Kamchatka to Japan. SUBGENUS CICERONIA REICHENBACH. Ciceronia REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iii. Type, by orig. desig., Phaleris nodirostra BONAPARTE = Uria pusilla PALLAS. -ffithia pusilla (PALLAS). Least Auklet. [20.] Uria pusilla PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 373. (Kamchatka.) ORDER PYGOPODES. 29 RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Bering Strait south to Aleutian Islands; winters from Aleutian and Commander islands south to Washington and Japan; casual at Point Barrow, Alaska. GENUS SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS BRANDT. Synthliboramphus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersb., II, 1837, 347. Type, by subs, desig., Alca antiqua GMELIN (Gray, 1840). Synthliborampmis antiquus (GMELIN). Ancient Murrelet. [21.] Alca antiqua GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 554. ("West of North America to Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands.") RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Aleutian Islands to Near Islands, and from Kamchatka to Commander Islands; winters from the Aleutians south to San Diego, California, and to Japan; accidental in Wisconsin. GENUS BRACHYEAMPHUS BRANDT. Brachyramphus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe"tersb., II, 1837, 346. Type, by subs, desig., Colyrribus marmoratus GMELIN (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS BRACHYEAMPHUS. Brachyramphus marmoratus (GMELIN). Marbled Murrelet. [23.] Colymbus marmoratus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 583. (Prince William Sound, Alaska.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Unalaska and Kadiak islands south to Vancouver Island; winters south to San Diego, California. Brachyramphus brevirostris (VIGORS). Kittlitz's Murrelet. [24.] Uria brevirostris VIGORS, Zool. Journ., IV, No. xv, 1829, 357. ("San Bias, Mexico" = North Pacific.) 30 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Aleutian Islands east to Glacier Bay, Alaska, and Kam- chatka and northern Japan. SUBGENUS ENDOMYCHURA OBERHOLSER. Endomychura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 201. Type, by orig. desig., Brachyramphus hypoleucus XANTUS. Brachyramphus hypoleucus XANTUS. Xantus's Murrelet. [25.] Brachyramphus hypoleucus XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 299. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Coasts of California and Lower California, from Mon- terey Bay to Cape San Lucas, formerly breeding as far north as Santa Barbara Islands. Brachyramphus craverii (SALVADORI). Craveri's Murrelet. [26.] Uria craveri SALVADORI, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., VIII, 1865, 387. (Nati- vidad Island, Gulf of California.) RANGE. — Lower California from Natividad Island (lat. 28°) on the Pacific and from Espiritu Santo Island in the Gulf, south to Cape San Lucas. GENUS CEPPHUS PALLAS. Cepphus PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 33. Type, by monotypy, Cepphus lacteolus PALLAS = Alca grylle LINN^US, albino. Cepphus grylle (LINNAEUS). Black Guillemot. [27.] Alca grylle LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 130. (Southern Sweden.) RANGE. — Coasts of eastern North America and northwestern Europe. In America breeds from southern Greenland and Ungava to Maine; winters from Cumberland Sound south to Cape Cod and casually to New Jersey. Cepphus mandti (MANDT). Mandt's Guillemot. [28.] Uria mandtii " LIGHT." MANDT, Obs. Hist. Nat. Itin. Grcenl., 1822, 30. (Spitzbergen.) ORDER PYGOPODES. 31 RANGE. — Arctic regions of both continents. Breeds on Arctic islands south to northern Hudson Bay and mainland of Siberia; winters in Arctic Ocean and casually south to Norton Sound and Lake Ontario; north in migration to latitude 84°. Cepphus columba PALLAS. Pigeon Guillemot. [29.] Cepphus columba PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 348. (Kamchatka, and Straits between Siberia and Alaska.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and Cape Lisburne and both coasts of the North Pacific from Bering Strait south to Santa Catalina Island, California, and to northern Japan. SUBFAMILY ALCIN^E. AUKS AND MURRES. GENUS URIA BRISSON. Uria BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 70. Type, by tautonymy, [Uria] uria BRISSON = Colymbus troille LINN^US. Una troille (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and North Pacific. a. Uria troille troille (LINNAEUS). Murre. [30.] Colymbus troille LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 52. (Spitz- bergen.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of North Atlantic. Breeds in North America from southern Greenland and southern Ungava south to Newfoundland and Magdalen Islands ; winters south to Maine. 6. Uria troille californica (H. BRYANT). California Murre. (30a.) Catarractes calif ornicus H. BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., VIII, 1861, 142. (Farallon Islands, California.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Norton Sound and Pribilof Islands south to the Farallones, California; winters from the Aleutian Islands south to Santa Monica, California. Una lomvia (Lixx^us). RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic oceans. 32 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Una lomvia lomvia (LINNAEUS). Briinnich's Murre. [31.] Alca lomvia LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Northern Europe; based on Clusius, etc.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds from southern Ellesmere Land and northern Greenland to northern Hudson Bay and Gulf of St. Lawrence; resident in Greenland and Hudson Bay; south casually in winter on Atlantic coast from Maine to South Carolina, and in interior to northern Ohio, central Indiana, and central Iowa. b. Uria lomvia irra (PALLAS). Pallas's Murre. [31a.] Cepphus arra PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 347. (Kamchatka.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, Bering Sea, and western Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Herald Island, northern Siberia, northwestern Alaska, and Point Barrow south to Kadiak, Aleutian, and Commander islands. GENUS ALGA LINNAEUS. Alca LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. Type, by subs, desig., Alca torda LINNAEUS (Newton, 1876). Alca torda LINNAEUS. Razor-billed Auk. [32.] Alca torda LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 130. (Southern Sweden.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds on American side from southern Greenland to Newfoundland and New Brunswick; winters from New Brunswick and Ontario to Long Island and casually to North Carolina. GENUS PLAUTUS BRUNNICH. Plautus BRUNNICH, Zool. Fund., 1771, 78. Type, by monotypy, "Brille- fuglen" = Alca impennis LINNAEUS. Plautus impennis (LiNN^us). Great Auk. [33.] Alca impennis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Norwegian Seas.) RANGE. — Formerly coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, from near the Arctic Circle south to Massachusetts and Ireland, and proba- bly south casually to South Carolina and Florida; now extinct. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 33 SUBFAMILY ALT.IN.ffi. DOVEKIES. GENUS ALLE LINK. Atte LINK, Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock, I, 1806, 17. Type, by monotypy, A lie nigricans LINK = Alca alle LINNAEUS. Alle alle (LINNJEUS). Dovekie. [34.] Alca alle LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 131. (Probably Scotland.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds from Kane Basin and Baffin Bay east to Franz Josef Land; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island, and casually to Delaware Bay and North Carolina; accidental near Melville Island, and in Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Bermuda. ORDER LONGIPENNES. LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. FAMILY STERCORARIIDJE. SKUAS AND JAEGERS. GENUS MEGALESTRIS BONAPARTE. Megalestris BONAPARTE, Catal. Ois. d'Eur. Parzudaki, 1856, 11. Type, by monotypy, Megalestris catarrhactes BONAPARTE = Caiharacia skua BRUNNICH. Megalestris skua (BRUNNICH). Skua. [35.] Catfiaracta skua BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 33. (Faroe Islands and Iceland.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds on Lady Franklin Island (Hudson Strait), in Iceland, and on the Faroe and Shetland islands; winters on fishing banjos off Newfoundland and Nova Scotia; casually south to Long Island; in Europe south to Gibraltar. 34 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS STERCORARIUS BRISSON. Stercorarius BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 149. Type, by tautonymy, [Ster- corarius] stercorarius BRISSON = Larus parasiticus LINNAEUS. Stercorarius pomarinus (TEMMINCK). Pomarine Jaeger. [36.] Lestris pomarinus TEMMINCK, Manuel d'Orn., 1815, 514. (Arctic regions; coasts of Holland and France.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Melville Island and central Greenland south to northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Melville Peninsula, and Baffin Land, and also on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters off Atlantic coast, south to New Jersey; common fall migrant on coast of California; winters south to the Galapagos, Peru, Africa, and Australia ; accidental in Nebraska. Stercorarius parasiticus (LINN.EUS). Parasitic Jaeger. [37.] Larus parasiticus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Coast of Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Melville Island, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, central Mackenzie (Great Slave Lake), and cen- tral Keewatin, and on Arctic islands of Siberia and of northern Europe south to Scotland; winters from the Aleutian Islands south to California, from New England coast south to Brazil, in Australia, and from coast of Europe south to Cape of Good Hope; casual in interior to the Great Lakes, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. Stercorarius longicaudus VIEILLOT. Long-tailed Jaeger. [38.] Stercorarius longicaudus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 157. (Northern regions.) RANGE. — Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. Breeds on Arctic islands of Europe and Asia, and coasts of Kotzebue and Norton sounds, northern Mackenzie, and northern Hudson Bay to northern Greenland ; winters south to Gibraltar and Japan ; not rare in migra- ORDER LONGIPENNES. 35 tion off New England; casual on the Pacific coast south to Cali- fornia; accidental in Manitoba, Iowa, Illinois, and Florida. FAMILY LARID2E. GULLS AND TERNS. SUBFAMILY LARINJE. GULLS. GENUS PAGOPHILA KAUP. Pagophila KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 69. Type, by monotypy, Larus eburneus PHIPPS = L. albus GUNNEEUS. Pagophila alba (GUNNERUS). Ivory Gull. [39.] Larus albus GUNNERUS, in LEEM'S Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 285 (note). (Northern Norway.) RANGE. — Arctic seas. Breeds in high Arctic latitudes from Melville Island and northern Baffin Land to northern Greenland, and on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters in the Arctic regions and cas- ually south to British Columbia, Lake Ontario, and Long Island; in Europe south to France. GENUS RISSA STEPHENS. Rissa STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, 1826, 180. Type, by monotypy, Rissa brunnichii STEPHENS = Larus tridactylus LINN^JUS. Rissa tridactyla (LINNJSUS). RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to the Mediterranean, the Canaries, Ber- muda, and Lower California. a. Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (LINN^JUS). Kittiwake. [40.] Larus tridactylus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Great Britain?) RANGE. — Arctic regions. Breeds from Wellington Channel and northern Greenland south to Gulf of St. Lawrence, and from Arctic islands of Europe and western Siberia to southern France; winters from Gulf of St. Lawrence 36 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. south to New Jersey, and casually to Virginia, Bermuda, and the Great Lakes; accidental in Missouri, Colorado, and Wyoming. 6. Rissa tridactyla pollicaris RIDGWAY. Pacific Kittiwake. [40a.] Rissa tridactyla pollicaris RIDGWAY, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 202. (St. George Island, Bering Sea.) RANGE. — Coasts of North Pacific, Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Cape Lisburne and Herald Island south to Aleutian and Com- mander islands; winters from Aleutian Islands south to northern Lower California ; casual at Point Barrow. Rissa brevirostris (BRUCH). Red-legged Kittiwake. [41.] Larus brevirostris BRUCH, Journ. fur On., 1853, 103. (Northwestern America.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of Bering Sea; accidental in Yukon. GENUS LARUS LINNAEUS. Larus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. Type, by subs, desig., Larus canus LINNAEUS (Gray, 1855). Larus hyperboreus GUNNERUS. Glaucous Gull. [42.] Larus hyperboreus GUNNERUS, in LEEM, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 226 (note). (Northern Norway.) RANGE. — Arctic regions. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Mel- ville Island, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, north- ern Mackenzie, central Ungava, and on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters from the Aleutians and Greenland south to Monterey, California, the Great Lakes, and Long Island, and casually to Bermuda, North Carolina, and Texas; in Europe and Asia south to the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas, and Japan. Larus leucopterus FABER. Iceland Gull. [43.] Larus leucopterus FABER, Prodromus Isl. Orn., 1822, 91. (Iceland.) RANGE. — Arctic regions. Breeds from Victoria Land (Cambridge Bay) and Boothia Peninsula to central Greenland and east to ORDER LONGIPENNES. 37 Nova Zembla; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island; casual on the Great Lakes; accidental in Nebraska and Maryland; in Europe south to the British Isles, Scandinavia, and Baltic Sea. Larus glaucescens NAUMANN. Glaucous-winged Gull. [44.] Larus glaucescens NAUMANN, Naturg. Vogel Deutschl., X, 1840, 351. (North America.) RANGE. — Coasts of the North Pacific/ Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to Washington, and in Kamchatka and Commander Islands; winters from Aleutian Islands south to Lower California, Hawaii (casually), and northern Japan. Larus kumlieni BREWSTER. Kumlien's Gull. [45.] Larus kumlieni BREWSTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VIII, 1883, 216. (Cumberland Sound, Arctic America.) RANGE. — North Atlantic coast of North America, breeding in Cumberland Sound; south in winter to New York and Connecticut. Larus nelsoni HENSHAW. Nelson's Gull. [46.] Larus nelsoni HENSHAW, Auk, I, July, 1884, 250. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RANGE. — Known from Point Barrow, Bering Strait, St. Michael, Alaska, and San Geronimo Island, Lower California. Larus marinus LINNAEUS. Great Black-backed Gull. [47.] Larus marinus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Southern Sweden.) RANGE. — Coasts of the North Atlantic. Breeds from North Devon Island and central Greenland south to Nova Scotia and to latitude 50° on European coasts; winters from southern Greenland south to the Great Lakes and Delaware Bay (casually to Florida) and the Canaries; accidental in Bermuda. Larus schistisagus STEJNEGER. Slaty-backed Gull. [48.] Larus schistisagus STEJNEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 231. (Bering Island.) 38 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — North Pacific, Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean, chiefly on Asiatic side. Breeds in Kamchatka and on Commander Islands; occurs casually at Herald Island, Port Clarence, Franklin Bay, and Aleutian Islands; winters to southern Japan. Larus occidentalis AUDUBON. Western Gull. [49.] Larus occidentalis AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 320. (Cape Disap- pointment, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Washing- ton to southern Lower California; winters from Washington to south- western Mexico; casual in southern British Columbia; accidental in Colorado. [Larus affinis REINHARDT. Siberian Gull. [50.] Larus affinis REINHARDT, Videnskab. Meddelelser, 1853, 78. (Nenortalik, Julianehaab district, Greenland.) RANGE. — Northern Asia and Europe, south in winter to northern Africa; accidental in Greenland.] Larus argent £tus PONTOPPIDAN. Herring Gull. [51.] Larus argentatus PONTOPPIDAN, Danske Atlas, I, 1763, 622. (Denmark.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. In America breeds from south central Alaska, Melville Island, southern Ellesmere Land, and Cumberland Sound south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, northern North Dakota, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, northern New York, and Maine, and in Europe south to northern France and east to White Sea; winters from southern British Colum- bia south to Lower California and western Mexico, and from Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes south to the Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan, and coast of Texas, and in Europe to Mediterranean and Caspian seas. [Larus vegae PALMEN. Vega Gull. [52.] Larus argentatus var. vegoe PALMEN, in NORDENSKIOLD, Vega-Exped. Vetensk. lakttag., V, 1887, 370. (Pidlin and vicinity, extreme north- eastern Siberia.) RANGE. — Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds on north- ern coast of Siberia; south in winter to Japan.] ORDER LONGIPENNES. 39 Laras califomicus LAWRENCE. California Gull. [53.] Larus californicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1854, 79. (Near Stockton, California.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from east central British Columbia and Great Slave Lake south to northeastern Cali- fornia, northern Utah, and northern North Dakota; winters from southern British Columbia and Great Salt Lake to Lower California and western Mexico; accidental in Kansas. Laras delawarensis ORD. Ring-billed Gull. [54.] Larus delawarensis ORD, in GUTHRIE'S Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Delaware River, below Philadelphia.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to southern Oregon, southern Colorado, northern North Dakota, central Wisconsin, central Ontario, northern New York (casually), and north- ern Quebec; winters from British Columbia, the Great Lakes, and Massachusetts south to Bermuda, the Gulf coast, Cuba, and southern Mexico. Laras brachyrhynchus RICHARDSON. Short-billed Gull. [55.] Larus brachyrhynchus RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 422. (Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound to Anderson River and south to northern British Columbia and Great Slave Lake; winters from southern British Columbia to southern California; accidental in Quebec. [Laras canus LINNAEUS. Mew Gull. [56.] Larus canus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Europe and Asia; south in winter to the Med- iterranean, the Nile, and Persian Gulf; accidental in Labrador (?).] 40 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Larus heermanni CASSIN. Heermann's Gull. [57.] Larus heermanni CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 187. (San Diego, California.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds in Lower Cali- fornia and western Mexico; wanders north to southern British Colum- bia; winters from northern California to southern Guatemala. Larus atricilla LINN^US. Laughing Gull. [58.] Larus atricilla LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Bahamas.) RANGE. — Tropical and temperate coasts. Breeds from Maine (rarely) and Massachusetts (abundantly but locally) south on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to Texas, the Lesser Antilles and Vene- zuela; winters from Georgia and Gulf coast south to western Mexico, Chile, and Brazil; casual in Colorado, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Iowa. Larus franklini RICHARDSON. Franklin's Gull. [59.] Larus franklinii RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 424, pi. 71. (Saskatchewan River.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from southwestern Saskatchewan and southwestern Keewatin to South Dakota, Iowa, and southern Minnesota; winters from Gulf coast of Louisiana and Texas to Peru and Chile; accidental in Utah, Ontario, Ohio, Virginia, and the Lesser Antilles. Larus Philadelphia (ORD). Bonaparte's Gull. [60.] Sterna Philadelphia ORD, in GUTHRIE'S Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie south to southern British Columbia and southern Keewatin; winters from Maine to Florida and on the Gulf coast to Texas and Yucatan, and on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to Lower California and western Mexico (Jalisco) ; in migration west to Kotzebue Sound and east to Ungava; casual in Bermuda and the Bahamas. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 41 [Larus minutus PALLAS. Little Gull. [60.1.] Larus minutus PALLAS, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 702. (Berezof, Tobolsk, Siberia.) RANGE. — Europe and parts of Asia and Africa. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; south in winter to the Mediterranean; accidental in Bermuda and on Long Island, New York.] GENUS RHODOSTETHIA MACGILLIVRAY. Rhodostethia MACGILLIVRAY, Manual Brit. Orn., II, 1842, 252. Type, by orig. desig., Larus rossii RICHARDSON = Larus roseus MACGILLIVRAY. Rhodostethia rosea (MACGILLIVRAY). Ross's Gull. [61.] Larus roseus MACGILLIVRAY, Mem. Wernerian Soc., V, 1824, 249. (Ig- loolik, Melville Peninsula.) RANGE. — Arctic regions. Breeds in delta of Kolyma River, northeastern Siberia; migrates to Kamchatka, north coast of Alaska, Melville Peninsula, west coast of Greenland, and Arctic islands of Europe; casual in England, Faroe Islands, and Helgoland. GENUS XEMA LEACH. Xema LEACH, in Ross's Voy. Baffin's Bay, 1819, App., Ivii. Type, by monotypy, Larus sabini SABINE. Xema sabini (J. SABINE). Sabine's Gull. [62.] Larus sabini SABINE, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XII, Pt. 2, 1819, 522, pi. 29. (Near Melville Bay, west coast of Greenland.) RANGE. — Arctic regions to South America. Breeds on the coast of Alaska from Kuskokwim River to Norton Sound, and in northern Mackenzie, northern Keewatin, and northern Greenland, and on Arctic islands of Europe and Asia; in migration on both coasts of United States and casual in the interior; winters in Peru. 42 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBFAMILY STERNIN^E. TERNS. GENUS GELOCHELIDON BREHM. Gelochelidon BREHM, Isis, XXIII, 1830, 994. Type, by monotypy, Lach- seeschwalbe, Brehm, Gelochelidon meridionalis BREHM = Sterna nilotica LlNN^US. Gelochelidon nilotica (LINNJEUS). Gull-billed Tern. [63.] Sterna nilotica LINN^US, in HASSELQUIST, Reise Palast., 1762, 325. (River Nile, near Cairo, Egypt.) RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in North America on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia (formerly to New Jersey), and in the Bahamas; wanders casually to Maine and Ohio; winters in southern Mexico, southern Guatemala, and from Brazil south to Patagonia and Chile. Breeds also in Europe, Asia, and Australia, and winters south to northern Africa. GENUS STERNA LINNAEUS. Sterna LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 137. Type, by subs, desig., Sterna hirundo LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS THALASSEUS BOIE. Thalasseus BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by subs, desig., Sterna caspia PALLAS (Gray, 1855). St§rna caspia PALLAS. Caspian Tern. [64.] Sterna caspia PALLAS, Novi Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIV, Pt. i, 1770, 582, pi. xxii, fig. 2. (Caspian Sea.) RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in North America at Great Slave Lake, Klamath Lake, Oregon, on islands of northern Lake Michigan, on coast of southern Labrador, and also on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and (formerly) Virginia; win- ters from coast of central California to Lower California and western Mexico (Colima), and on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts; casual in migration north to Alaska, James Bay, and Newfoundland. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 43 SUBGENUS ACTOCHELEDON KAUP. Actochelidon KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 31. Type, by monotypy, Sterna cantiaca GMELIN = S. sandvicensis LATHAM. Sterna maxima BODDAERT. Royal Tern. [65.] Sterna maxima BODDAERT, Table PL Enl., 1783, 58. (Cayenne.) RANGE. — Tropical coasts north to United States. Breeds in West Indies and on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts north to Virginia and west to Texas; wanders casually to Massachusetts; not rare in summer from San Francisco Bay south to western Mexico; winters from Monterey, California, and Gulf of Mexico south to Peru and Brazil, and on west coast of Africa from Gibraltar to Angola. Sterna elegans GAMBEL. Elegant Tern. [66.] Sterna elegans GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1848 (1849), 129. (Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.) RANGE. — Pacific coast from San Francisco Bay south to Chile, including Gulf of California; accidental at Corpus Christi, Texas. Sterna sandvicensis LATHAM. RANGE. — Coast and interior seas of Europe, both coasts of Africa, and eastern American coast from North Carolina to Brazil; also India and Pacific coast of Central America. a. [Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis. Extralimital.] b. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida CABOT. Cabot's Tern. [67.] Sterna acuflavida CABOT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., II, 1847, 257. (Tancah, Yucatan.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from North Carolina to Florida, Texas, and Mexico; winters from the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisi- ana to Central America (both coasts), the Greater Antilles, Colombia, and Brazil; accidental in Ontario, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and the Lesser Antilles. 44 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBGENUS STERNA. [Sterna trudeaui AUDUBON. Trudeau's Tern. [68.] Sterna trudeaui AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pi. 409, fig. 2. (Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) RANGE. — Coasts of southern South America. Breeds in Argen- tina; casual in Chile and Brazil; accidental on Long Island and at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.] Sterna f6rsteri NUTTALL. Forster's Tern. [69.] Sterna forsteri NUTTALL, Manual Orn., II, 1834, 274. (Saskatchewan River.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds on interior lakes of California, southern Oregon, and Nevada, and from southwestern Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to northern Colorado, northern Nebraska, northeastern Illinois, and southern Ontario, and on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, and Virginia; winters from southern California, Gulf of Mexico, and South Carolina to southern Guatemala; in migration occurs on the Atlantic coast, casually as far north as Massachusetts; casual in Brazil. Sterna hirundo LINN^US. Common Tern. [70.] Sterna hirundo LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 137. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere, northern South America, and Africa. Breeds from Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to southwestern Saskatchewan, northern North Dakota, southern Wisconsin, northern Ohio, and North Carolina; winters from Florida to Brazil; casual in migration on Pacific coast from British Columbia to Lower California. In Eastern Hemisphere breeds in Europe and Asia and winters in India and southern Africa. Sterna paradissea BRUNNICH. Arctic Tern. [71.] Sterna paradiscea BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 46. (Christiansoe Island, Denmark.) RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds from northern Alaska, ORDER LONGIPENNES. 45 Melville Island, and northern Greenland, south to Commander and Aleutian islands, northern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, Maine, and (formerly) Massachusetts, and in entire Arctic regions of Europe and Asia; winters in Antarctic Ocean, south to latitude 74°; in migration, Pacific coast south to southern California, and Atlantic coast south to Long Island; accidental in Colorado. Sterna dougalli MONTAGU. Roseate Tern. [72.] Sterna dougalli MONTAGU, Suppl. Orn. Diet., 1813, text and plate. (The Cumbrses, in Firth of Clyde, Scotland.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical regions. Breeds locally from Sable Island to Long Island and from the Bahamas to Lesser Antilles and Venezuela; formerly from Maine to Florida; rare migrant in Central America; winters from the Bahamas to Brazil; accidental in Ohio; occurs on the coasts of a large part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Sterna aleutica BAIRD. Aleutian Tern. [73.] Sterna aleutica BAIRD, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1, 1869, 321, pi. 31, fig. 1. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — North Pacific. Breeds from Norton Sound to Kadiak Island, and occurs on Bering Sea coast of Siberia; south in winter to Japan. SUBGENUS STERNULA BOIE. Sternula BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by monotypy, Sterna minuta LINNAEUS = S. albifrons PALLAS. Sterna antillarum (LESSON). Least Tern. [74.] Sternula antillarum LESSON, Compl. GEuvres Buffon, XX, 1847, 256. (Guadeloupe Island, West Indies.) RANGE. — Tropical and temperate America. Breeds on coast of southern California and on Gulf coast from Texas eastward; also northward to Missouri (formerly to Iowa) and northwestern Nebraska; has occurred in Wisconsin and South Dakota; breeds also from the coasts of Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida 46 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. south to the Bahamas, West Indies, British Honduras, and Venezuela; now rare, but formerly abundant in the breeding season from Florida to Maine, wandering to Labrador and Newfoundland; in migration occurs on the coasts of Lower California and western Mexico ; winters from the Gulf coast to Venezuela and Peru. SUBGENUS ONYCHOPRION WAGLER. Onychoprion WAGLER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 277. Type, by monotypy, Sterna serrata WAGLER = S. fuscata LINNAEUS. Sterna fusc&ta LINNAEUS. Sooty Tern. [75.] Sterna fuscata LINNJEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 228. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) RANGE. — Tropical and subtropical coasts, except Pacific coast of South America. Breeds in America from Florida, Louisiana, and Texas throughout the Bahamas, West Indies, and tropical islands of the Atlantic; wanders north rarely to Maine; winters from Louisiana to Brazil and the Falkland Islands. [Sterna anaetheta SCOPOLI. Bridled Tern. [76.] Sterna ancethetus SCOPOLI, Del. Florae et Faunae Insubr., II, 1786, 92. (Panay Island, Philippines.) RANGE. — Tropical regions. Breeds throughout the Bahamas and the West Indies to Venezuela, and also in tropical parts of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in Florida and South Carolina.] GENUS HYDROCHELIDON BOIE. Hydrochelidon BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by subs, desig., Sterna nigra LINNAEUS (Gray, 1841). ORDER LONGIPENNES. 47 Hydrochelidon nigra (LINNJEUS). RANGE. — Europe, south in winter to both coasts of Africa; temperate interior of North America, south in winter to South America. [a. Hydrochelidon nigra nigra. Extralimital.] 6. Hydrochelidon nigra suriname"nsis (GMELIN). Black Tern. [77.] Sterna surinamensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 604. (Surinam.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from southwestern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and western Ontario south to inland lakes of California, Nevada, Colorado, northern Missouri, and north- ern Ohio; winters from Mazatlan, Mexico, to Panama, Peru, and Chile; east coast of United States in autumn; accidental in Alaska, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; casual in the West Indies and Bahamas. [Hydrochelidon leucdptera (TEMMINCK). White-winged Black Tern. [78.] Sterna leucoptera TEMMINCK, Manuel d'Orn., 1815, 483. (Shores of the Mediterranean; Swiss Lakes, etc.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from central and southern Europe eastward through temperate Asia to China; in winter southward throughout Africa, and to Aus- tralia and New Zealand; accidental at Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, and on Barbados.] GENUS ANGUS STEPHENS. Anous STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 139. Type, by subs, desig., Anous niger STEPHENS = Sterna stolida LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Anous stdlidus (LINNAEUS). Noddy. [79.] Sterna stolida LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 137. (West Indies.) RANGE. — Tropical coasts. Breeds on the Florida Keys, on the coast of Louisiana, and in the Bahamas and West Indies; winters south to Brazil and Tristan da Cunha Island. 48 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY RYNCHOPID^E. SKIMMERS. GENUS RYNCHOPS LINN^US. Rynchops LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 138. Type, by monotypy, Rynchops nigra LINNAEUS. Rynchops nigra LINNAEUS. Black Skimmer. [80.] Rynchops nigra LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 138. (Coast of Carolina.) RANGE. — Tropical and temperate America. Breeds from Virginia (formerly New Jersey) to the Gulf coast and Texas; wanders casually north to Bay of Fundy; winters from the Gulf coast to Colima, Mex- ico, and Costa Rica; casual in the West Indies. ORDER TUBINAEES. TUBE-NOSED SWIMMERS. FAMILY DIOMEDEIDJE. ALBATROSSES. GENUS DIOMEDEA LINN^US. Diomedea LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 132. Type, by subs, desig., Diomedea exulans LINN^US (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS PHGEBASTRIA REICHENBACH. Phoebastria REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, v. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea brachyura TEMMINCK = D. albatrus PALLAS. Diomedea nigripes AUDUBON. Black-footed Albatross. [81.] Diomedea nigripes AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 327. (Pacific Ocean, Lat. 30° 44' N., Long. 146° W.) RANGE. — North Pacific. Breeds on islands northwest of Hawaii and on Marshall Islands; occurs off coast from southern Alaska to California and western Mexico, and off coasts of China and Japan. ORDER TUBINARES. 4VJ Diomedea albatrus PALLAS. Short-tailed Albatross. [82.] Diomedea albatrus PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 28. (Vicinity of Kamchatka.) RANGE. — Pacific Ocean from Bering Strait, Bering Sea, and Aleu- tian Islands to China and Lower California. Diomedea immutabilis ROTHSCHILD. Laysan Albatross. [82.1.] Diomedea immutabilis ROTHSCHILD, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, June, 1893, xlviii. (Laysan Island, North Pacific.) RANGE. — Laysan and Midway islands to San Geronimo and Guadalupe islands, Lower California. [GENUS THALASSOGERON RIDGWAY. Thalassogeron RIDGWAY, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 357. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea culminata GOULD. Thalassogeron culininatus (GOULD). Yellow-nosed Albatross. [83.] Diomedea culminata GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843, 107. ("South- ern, Indian, and South Pacific oceans.") RANGE. — Indian and South Pacific oceans; casual off coast of Oregon; accidental in Gulf of St. Lawrence.] [GENUS PHGEBETRIA REICHENBACH. Phoebetria REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, v. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea fuliginosa GMELIN = D. palpebrata FORSTER. Phoebetria palpebrata (J. R. FORSTER). Sooty Albatross. [84.] Diomedea palpebrata FORSTER, Me"m. pre*s. Acad. Roy. Sci. [Paris], X, 1785, 571, pi. xv. (Lat. 47°-71°10/ S.) RANGE. — Southern oceans, north casually to Oregon.] 50 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY PROGELLARIIDJE. FULMARS, SHEARWATERS, AND PETRELS. SUBFAMILY FULMARIN.fi. FULMAKS. [GENUS MACRONECTES RICHMOND. Macronectes RICHMOND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 76. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria gigantea GMELIN. Macronectes giganteus (GMELIN). Giant Fulmar. [85.] Procellaria gigantea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 563. (Probably Falkland Islands and vicinity.) RANGE. — Southern oceans, north to about latitude 30° S.; casual off coast of Oregon.] GENUS FULMARUS STEPHENS. Fulmarus STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 233. Type, by subs, desig., Procellaria glacialis LINNAEUS (Gray, 1855). Fulmarus glacialis (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. a. Fulmarus glacialis glacialis (LINNAEUS). Fulmar. [86.] Procellaria glacialis LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 51. (Spitz- bergen? — "intra circulum arcticum.") RANGE. — North Atlantic. Breeds from northern Greenland to Cumber- land Sound and east at least to Franz Josef Land; ranges north to latitude 85° and west to Melville Island; winters south of the Arctic Circle to the fishing banks off Newfoundland and to George Bank off Massachusetts, and casually to New Jersey. 6. Fulmarus glacialis glupfscha STEJNEGER. Pacific Fulmar. [866.] Fulmarus glacialis glupischa STEJNEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 234. (North- west coast of America.) ORDER TUBINARES. 51 RANGE. — North Pacific. Breeds on Commander Islands; south in migra- tion and in winter from Aleutian Islands to Lower California; casual on Herald Island. Fulmarus rodgersi CASSIN. Rodgers's Fulmar. [86.1.] Fulmarus rodgersii CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 326. (" South Indian Ocean" = North Pacific.) RANGE. — Breeds on Wrangel and Herald islands, and islands of Bering Sea north of Aleutian Islands; winters south to San Diego, California. GENUS PRIOCELLA HOMBRON & JACQUINOT. Priocella HOMBRON & JACQUINOT, Comptes Rendus, XVIII, 1844, 357. Type, by monotypy, Priocella garnoti HOMBRON & JACQUINOT = Pro- cellaria glacialoides SMITH. Priocella glacialoides (A. SMITH). Slender-billed Fulmar. [87.] Procellaria glacialoides SMITH, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa, Pt. xi, Aves, 1840, pi. 51, and text. (South African coasts.) RANGE. — Southern oceans; north along the Pacific coast to Oregon. [GENUS DAPTION STEPHENS. Daption STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 239. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria capensis LINNAEUS. Diption cape*nse (LINNAEUS). Pintado Petrel. [102.] Procellaria capensis LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. (Cape of Good Hope.) RANGE. — Oceans of Southern Hemisphere, north to central Brazil, Ceylon, and latitude 5° S. on the coast of Peru; accidental off Cali- fornia, Maine, and England.] 52 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBFAMILY PUFFININ2E. SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS. GENUS PUFFINUS BRISSON. Puffinus BRISSON, On., VI, 1760, 130. Type, by tautonymy, [Puffinus] puffinus BRISSON = Procellaria puffinus BRUNNICH. Puffinus bore alls CORY. Cory's Shearwater. [88.] Puffinus borealis CORY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, Jan., 1881, 84. (Near Chatham Island, Cape Cod, Mass.) RANGE. — Known only from off coasts of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Long Island (August to November). Puffinus gravis (O'REILLY). Greater Shearwater. [89.] Procellaria gravis O'REILLY, Greenland, Adjacent Seas, etc., 1818, 140, pi. 12, fig. 1. (Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland.) RANGE. — Atlantic Ocean, from Arctic Circle south to Cape Horn and Cape of Good Hope; occurs off the eastern coast of North Amer- ica from June to November. [Puffinus puffinus (BRUNNICH). Manx Shearwater. [90.] Procellaria puffinus BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 29. (Faroe Islands and Norway.) RANGE. — North Atlantic, chiefly on eastern side, south to coast of Brazil; accidental in Greenland.] Puffinus creatopus COUES. Pink-footed Shearwater. [91.] Puffinus creatopus COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 131. (San Nicolas Island, California.) RANGE. — Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Farallon Islands, California, south to Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Puffinus Iherminieri LESSON. Audubon's Shearwater. [92.] Puffinus Iherminieri LESSON, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 102. ("Ad ripas Antillarum.") ORDER TUBINARES. 53 RANGE. — Warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Breeds in Bermuda, the Bahamas, and Lesser Antilles; north casually from Florida to Long Island, and also in the Greater Antilles. [Puffinus assimilis GOULD. Allied Shearwater. [92.1.] Puffinus assimilis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (1838), 156. (New South Wales.) RANGE. — Australian and New Zealand seas, and northward in Atlantic Ocean to Madeira Islands; accidental on Sable Island, Nova Scotia.] Puffinus opisthomelas COUES. Black-vented Shearwater. [93.] Puffinus opisthomelas COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 139. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Pacific Ocean. Breeds on islands off the coast of Lower California and western Mexico; in migration abundant on the coast of California; casual north to Vancouver Island. Puffinus auricularis C. H. TOWNSEND. Townsend's Shearwater. [93.1.] Puffinus auricularis TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 133. (Clarion Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — Clarion Island, north to Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- fornia. Puffinus griseus (GMELIN). Sooty Shearwater. [95.] Procellaria grisea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 564. (Southern Hemi- sphere, from 35°-50° S. lat.) RANGE. — Oceans of Southern Hemisphere; occurs in summer on the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to Lower California, and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to South Carolina; accidental in Alabama; probably breeds hi the South Pacific. Puffinus tenuirostris (TEMMINCK). Slender-billed Shearwater. [96.] Procellaria tenuirostris TEMMINCK, Planches Col., V, 1835, text to pi. 587. (Seas north of Japan, and coast of Korea.) 54 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Breeds in Southern Hemisphere; migrates north along both coasts of the North Pacific to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. Puffinus cuneatus SALVIN. Wedge-tailed Shearwater. [96.1.] Puffinus cuneatus SALVIN, Ibis, 1888, 353. (Krusenstern Island, Marshall Islands.) RANGE. — North Pacific Ocean. Breeds on Hawaiian Islands and islands off coast of western Mexico; occurs in migration north to Bonin Islands, and Lower California. Puffinus bulleri SALVIN. New Zealand Shearwater. [96.2.] Puffinus butteri SALVIN, Ibis, 1888, 354. (Warkanae coast, New Zealand.) RANGE. — New Zealand; north casually to California. [GENUS PRIOFINUS HOMBRON & JACQUINOT. Priofinus HOMBRON & JACQUINOT, Comptes Rendus, XVIII, 1844, 355. Type, by subs, desig., Procellaria cinerea GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Priofinus cin§reus (GMELIN). Black-tailed Shearwater. [97.] Procellaria cinerea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 563. (Antarctic regions.) RANGE. — Southern oceans; accidental once off coast of California.] GENUS JESTRELATA BONAPARTE. jEstrelata BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, 188. Type, by subs, desig., Procellaria hasitata KUHL (Coues, 1866). [.fflstrSlata hasitata (KUHL). Black-capped Petrel. [98.] Procellaria hasitata KUHL. Beitrage ZooL, 1820, 142. ("Mers de 1' Inde.") RANGE. — Warmer parts of Atlantic Ocean. Bred formerly in the Lesser Antilles, straying to Haiti, Florida, Virginia, New York ORDER TUBINARES. 55 (Ulster County, Oneida Lake, and Long Island), New Hampshire, Kentucky, Ohio, and Ontario, and also to England and France; probably now extinct.] -fflstrelata scalaris BREWSTER. Scaled Petrel. [99.] Mstrelata scalaris BREWSTER, Auk, III, July, 1886, 300. (Mount Morris, Livingston Co., N. Y.) RANGE. — Known from a single specimen, taken in Livingston County, New York. -fflstrelata fisheri RIDGWAY. Fisher's Petrel. [100.] (Estrelatajisheri RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 656. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Known only from two specimens, taken at Kadiak Island and Sitka, Alaska. [GENUS BULWERIA BONAPARTE. Bulweria BONAPARTE, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. [Bologna], VIII, 1842 (1843), 426. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria bulwerii JARDINE & SELBY. Bulweria bulweri (JARDINE & SELBY). Bulwer's Petrel. [101.] Procellaria bulwerii JARDINE & SELBY, Illustr. Orn., II, Nov., 1828, pi. 65. (Madeira, or the small islands adjacent.) RANGE. — Temperate North Pacific (Bonin Islands, Hawaii, and others) and temperate North Atlantic (east side); accidental in Greenland.] SUBFAMILY PROCELLARIINA. STORM PETRELS. GENUS HALOCYPTENA COUES. Halocyptena COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 78. Type, by orig. desig., Halocyptena microsoma COUES. Halocyptena microsoma COUES. Least Petrel. [103.] Halocyptena microsoma COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 79. (San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California.) 56 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Eastern Pacific Ocean. Breeds on islands off Lower California; south in migration to western Mexico, Panama, and Ecuador. GENUS THALASSIDROMA VIGORS. Thalassidroma VIGORS, Zool. Journ., II, 1825, 405 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria pelagica LINN^JUS. Thalassidroma pelagica (LINNAEUS). Storm Petrel. [104.] Procellaria pelagica LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 131. (Coast of Sweden.) RANGE. — The more easterly portions of the Atlantic Ocean south to the Mediterranean and west coast of Africa. Said to occur at times on the Newfoundland Banks and off the coast of Nova Scotia. Breeds on islands off Great Britain. GENUS OCEANODROMA REICHENBACH. Oceanodroma REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iv. Type, by orig- desig., Procellaria furcata GMELIN. SUBGENUS OCEANODROMA. Oceanodroma furcata (GMELIN). Forked-tailed Petrel. [105.] Procellaria furcata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 561. ("Among the ice between Asia and America.") RANGE. — North Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Commander and Aleutian islands south to islands off Oregon; in migration occurs on both shores of Bering Sea north to Kotzebue Sound; wanders south to San Pedro, California; accidental on Tanana River, Alaska. SUBGENUS CTMOCHOREA COUES. Cymochorea COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 75. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria leucorhoa VIEILLOT. Oceanodroma kaedingi ANTHONY. Kaeding's Petrel. [105.2.] Oceanodroma kaedingi ANTHONY, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 37. (Near Guada- lupe Island, Lower California.) ORDER TUBINARES. 57 RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds on islands off Washington, Oregon, and California from Cape Flattery south to the Farallones; south in migration to Guadalupe, Socorro, and Clarion islands. Oceanodroma leucorhoa (VIEILLOT). Leach's Petrel. [106.] Procettaria leucorhoa VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, 422. (Picardy, France.) RANGE. — North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Breeds from the Aleutian and Copper islands, Bering Sea, south to Sitka, and from southern Greenland south to Maine and the Hebrides; casual in migration south to Virginia. Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. BRYANT. Guadalupe Petrel. [106.1.] Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla BRYANT, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., II, No. 8, July 23, 1887, 450. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California. [Oceanodroma castro (HARCOURT). Hawaiian Petrel. [106.2.] Thalassidroma castro HARCOURT, Sketch of Madeira, 1851, 123. (De- zerta Islands, near Madeira.) RANGE. — Southern oceans; north in the Atlantic to Madeira, in the Pacific to the Galapagos and Hawaiian islands; accidental in Indiana and the District of Columbia.] Oceanodroma melania (BONAPARTE). Black Petrel. [107.] Procellaria melania BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXVIII, 1854, 662. (Coast of California [probably near San Diego].) RANGE. — Temperate Pacific. Breeds from Los Coronados Islands to the Tres Marias Islands; wanders north to Santa Barbara Islands, and south to Guerrero, Mexico. Oceanodroma homochroa (COUES). Ashy Petrel. [108.] Cymochorea homochroa COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 77. (Farallon Islands, California.) 58 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Coast of California. Breeds on the Farallon and San Miguel islands. Oceanodroma socorroensis C. H. TOWNSEND. Socorro Petrel. [108.1.] Oceanodroma socorroensis TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 134. (Socorro Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — San Diego, California, south to islands off west coast of Mexico; breeds on Los Coronados Islands and San Benito Island. SUBFAMILY OCEANITINJE. LONG-LEGGED STORM PETRELS. GENUS OCEANITES KEYSERLING & BLASIUS. Oceanites KEYSERLING & BLASIUS, Wirbelth. Eur., I, 1840, xciii, 131, 238. Type, by subs, desig., Procellaria wilsonii BONAPARTE = P. oceanica KUHL (Gray, 1841). Oceanites oceanicus (KUHL). Wilson's Petrel. [109.] Procellaria oceanica KUHL, Beitrage Zool., 1820, 136, pi. 10, fig. 1. (Southern oceans; locality not given.) RANGE. — South Polar regions north to Labrador and British Isles. Breeds on Antarctic islands in February; occurs off American coast from May to September; accidental on Muskoka Lake, Ontario. [GENUS FREGETTA BONAPARTE. Fregetta BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XLI, 1855, 1113. Type, by orig. desig., Thalassidroma leucogaster GOULD = Procellaria grallaria VIEIL- LOT. Fregetta grallaria (VIEILLOT). White-bellied Petrel. [110.] Procellaria grallaria VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, 418. (Australia.) RANGE. — Southern oceans north to Bay of Bengal, and Atlantic Ocean to Tropic of Cancer; accidental at St. Marks, Florida.] ORDER STEGANOPODES. 59 [GENUS PELAGODROMA REICHENBACH. Pelagodroma REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iv. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria marina LATHAM. Pelagodroma marina (LATHAM). White-faced Petrel. [111.] Procellaria marina LATHAM, Index On., II, 1790, 826. (37° S. lat.) RANGE. — Southern oceans, north to the Canaries; accidental off Massachusetts and Great Britain.] ORDER STEGANOPODES. TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS. FAMILY PHAETHONTIDJE. TROPIC-BIRDS. GENUS PHAETHON LINN^US. Phaethon LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 134. Type, by subs, desig., Phaethon cethereus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Phaethon americanus GRANT. Yellow-billed Tropic-bird. [112.] Phaeton americanus GRANT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, Dec., 1897, xxiv. (Bermuda and the West Indies.) RANGE. — Florida and Bermuda south to West Indies and Atlantic coast of Central America; accidental in western New York, Nova Scotia, and Arizona. Phaethon sethereus LINN.EUS. Red-billed Tropic-bird. [113.] Phaethon cethereus LINNJEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 134. (Ascencion Island, South Atlantic.) RANGE. — Coasts of tropical America. Breeds in Lesser Antilles, and from San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California, south to coast of Peru; ranges north to Cape Colnett, Lower California; casual in Greater Antilles; accidental on Newfoundland Banks. 60 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [Phaethon rubricaudus BODDAERT. Red-tailed Tropic-bird. [113.1.] Phaeton rubricauda BODDAERT, Table PI. Enl., 1783, 57. (Mauritius.) RANGE. — Tropical Indian and Pacific oceans, north to Laysan Island where it breeds; accidental near Guadalupe Island, Lower California.] FAMILY SULID-ffi. GANNETS. GENUS SULA BRISSON. Sula BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 494. Type, by tautonymy, [Sula] sula BRISSON = Pelecanus piscator LINN^US. [Sula cyanops (SUNDEVALL). Blue-faced Booby. [114.] Dysporus cyanops SUNDEVALL, Phys. Sallsk. Tidskr. [Lund], I, 1838, 218, pi. v. (Atlantic Ocean, near the Equator.) RANGE. — Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian oceans. Breeds in the Bahamas and West Indies and occurs casually in southern Florida.] Sula nebouxi MILNE-EDWARDS. Blue-footed Booby. [114.1.] Sula nebouxii MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), se"r. 6, XIII, 1882, Art. 4, 37, pi. xiv. (Pacific coast of America [probably Chile].) RANGE. — Islands in Gulf of California and south to the Galapagos Islands and coast of Chile. Sula leucog&stra (BODDAERT). Booby. [115.] Pelecanus leucogaster BODDAERT, Table PI. Enl., 1783, 57. (Cayenne.) RANGE. — Atlantic coasts of tropical America, and Pacific and Indian oceans; casual on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States from South Carolina to Louisiana; accidental on Long Island and in Massachusetts. Sula brewsteri Goss. Brewster's Booby. [115.1.] Sula brewsteri Goss, Auk, V, July, 1888, 242. (San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.) ORDER STEGANOPODES. 61 RANGE. — Coasts and islands of eastern Pacific, from Lower Cali- fornia south to the Galapagos; breeding as far north as Georges Island at head of Gulf of California. [Sula piscator (LiNN^us). Red-footed Booby. [116.] Pekcanus piscator LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 134. (China Sea.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of tropical and subtropical seas, from Florida and western Mexico southward.] Sula bass ana (LINNAEUS). Gannet. [117.] Pelecanus bassanus LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Coleshill, England, and Bass Island, Scotland.) RANGE. — Coasts of North Atlantic. Breeds on Bird Rock and Bonaventure Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and on islets off British Islands; winters from North Carolina coast south to Gulf of Mexico, and on coasts of North Africa, Madeira, and the Canaries; occurs off eastern United States in migration; casual north to Green- land; accidental in Indiana and Ontario. FAMILY ANHINGIDJE. DARTERS. GENUS ANHINGA BRISSON. Anhinga BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 476. Type, by monotypy, [Anhinga] anhinga BRISSON = Plotus anhinga LINNJEUS. Anhinga anhinga (LiNN^us). Water-Turkey. [118.] Plotus anhinga LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 218. (Brazil.) RANGE. — Tropical America north to western Mexico (Tepic), Texas, Florida, southern Illinois, and North Carolina, and casually to Kansas; accidental in New Mexico and Arizona. 62 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY PHALACROCORAGIDJE. CORMORANTS. GENUS PHALACROCORAX BRISSON. Phalacrocorax BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 511. Type, by tautonymy, [Phalacrocorax] phalacrocorax BRISSON = Pelecanus carbo LINN^US. SUBGENUS PHALACROCORAX. Phalacrocorax carbo (LiNN^us). Cormorant. [119.] Pelecanus carbo LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from central Greenland south to Nova Scotia, and east through Europe and Asia to Kam- chatka; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island, casually to Lake Ontario and South Carolina, and from the Medi- terranean south to southern Africa, Australia, and Malay Peninsula. Phalacrocorax auritus (LESSON). RANGE. — North America. a. Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (LESSON). Double- crested Cormorant. [120]. Carbo auritus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., 1831, 605. (" Nouvelle-Ze"lande " = North America.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from central Saskatchewan (casually Great Slave Lake), southern Keewatin, northeastern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Utah, South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and Penobscot Bay, Maine; winters from North Carolina (casually Massa- chusetts) south to Gulf coast ; casual in Bermuda. b. Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus (AUDUBON). Florida Cormorant. [1 20o.] Carbo floridanus AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1835, pi. 252. (Flor- ida Keys.) RANGE. — Subtropical and temperate North America. Breeds from south- ern Illinois, Louisiana, North Carolina, Bahamas, and Cuba south to British Honduras and Yucatan ; winters north to Texas and South Carolina ; wanders to the Dismal Swamp, Virginia; accidental in the Lesser Antilles. ORDER STEGANOPODES. 63 c. Phalacrocorax anritus cincinatus (BRANDT). White-crested Cormorant. [1206.] Carbo cincinatus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe"tersb., Ill, 1837, 55. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Northwest coast of North America, breeding from southern Alaska south to Washington; south in winter to California. d. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus RIDGWAY. Farallon Cormorant. [ 120c.] Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 94. (Farallon Islands, California.) RANGE. — Coast and inland lakes of Oregon, western Nevada, and Cali- fornia south to southern Lower California and Socorro Islands; casual east to Utah. Phalacrocorax vigua (VIEILLOT). RANGE. — South America, north to the lower Mississippi Valley. a. [Phalacrocorax vigua vigua. Extralimital.] b. Phalacrocorax vigua mexic£nus (BRANDT). Mexican Cormorant. [121.] Carbo mexicanus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe"tersb., Ill, 1837, 56. (Mexico.) RANGE. — New Mexico, Kansas, and southern Illinois south to Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Nicaragua. SUBGENUS COMPSOHALIEUS RIDGWAY. Compsohalieus RIDGWAY, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 145. Type, by orig. desig., Carbo penicillatus BRANDT. Phalacrocorax penicillatus (BRANDT). Brandt's Cormorant. [122.] Carbo penicillatus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe"tersb., Ill, 1837, 55. (Type locality unknown.) RANGE. — Pacific coast, from Vancouver Island to Cape San Lucas. SUBGENUS URILE BONAPARTE. Urile BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, 175. Type, by tautonymy, Pelecanus urile GMELIN. 64 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Phalacrocorax pelagicus PALLAS. RANGE. — Coasts of the North Pacific. a. Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus PALLAS. Pelagic Cormorant. [123.] Phalacrocorax pelagicus PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 303. (Kamchatkan seas, and Aleutian Islands.) RANGE. — Aleutian and Kuril islands and Kamchatka south to southern China. 6. Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus RIDGWAY. Violet-green Cormorant. [123a.] Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus RIDGWAY, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 160. (Coast of Alaska.) RANGE. — Norton Sound, Alaska, south to Washington; accidental at Point Barrow, Alaska. c. Phalacrocorax pelagicus resple"ndens AUDUBON. Baird's Cormorant. [1236.] Phalacrocorax resplendens AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pi. 412, fig. 1. (Cape Disappointment, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America, from northern Washington south to Cape San Lucas and Mazatlan, Mexico. Phalacrocorax urile (GMELIN). Red-faced Cormorant. [124.] Pelecanus urile GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 575. (Kamchatka.) RANGE. — Aleutian and other islands of Bering Sea to Bering Strait, Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka. FAMILY PELEGANIDJE. PELICANS. GENUS PELECANUS LINN^US. Pelecanus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. Type, by subs, desig., Pelecanus onocroialus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS CYKTOPELICANUS REICHENBACH. Cyrtopelicanus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, vii. Type, by orig. desig., Pelecanus trachyrhynchus LATHAM = P. erythrorhynchos GMELIN. ORDER STEGANOPODES. 65 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos GMELIN. White Pelican. [125.] Pelecanus erythrorhynchos GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 571. (Hudson Bay, and New York.) RANGE. — Temperate North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, and southwestern Keewatin to Manitoba (formerly southern Minnesota and South Dakota), Utah and southern California; winters from southern California, the Gulf States, Florida, and Cuba south to western Mexico and Costa Rica; casual east in migration to the Atlantic coast, north to New Bruns- wick. SUBGENUS LEPTOPELICANUS REICHENBACH. Leptopelicanus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, vii. Type, by orig. desig., Pelecanus fuscus GMELIN = P. occidentalis LINNAEUS. Pelecanus occidentalis LINN^US. Brown Pelican. [126.] Pelecanus onocrotalus /? occidentalis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 215. (West Indies.) RANGE. — Gulf coast of United States and Atlantic coast of Central and South America. Breeds from Florida and Louisiana south to Brazil; casual in North Carolina; accidental in Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia. Pelecanus californicus RIDGWAY. California Brown Pelican. [127.] Pelecanus (fuscust) californicus RIDGWAY, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 143. (La Paz, Lower California.) RANGE. — Pacific coast, from southern British Columbia to the Galapagos and Ecuador, east to Nevada. FAMILY FREGATID^E. MAN-O'-WAR-BIRDS. GENUS FREGATA LACEPEDE. Fregata LACEPEDE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 15. No species mentioned but obviously based on Pelecanus aquilus LINNAEUS. 66 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Fregata aquila (LiNN^us). Man-o '-war-bird. [128.] Pelecanus aquilus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Ascencion Island, South Atlantic.) RANGE. — Tropical and subtropical coasts; in America north to southern California, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, and casually to California (Humboldt Bay), Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Nova Scotia. ORDER ANSERES. LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS. FAMILY ANATIDJE. DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS. SUBFAMILY MERGIN2E. MERGANSERS. GENUS MERGUS LINNAEUS. Mergus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 129. Type, by subs, desig., Mergus merganser LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Me"rgus americanus CASSIN. Merganser. [129.] Mergus americanus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 187. (North America.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from southern Alaska, southern Yukon, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, southern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, central Michigan, Ohio (formerly), northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, and in mountain, south to northern California, central Arizona, northern New Mexico, and Pennsylvania (formerly); winters from Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Idaho, northern Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, northern New England, and New Brunswick south to north- ern Lower California, northern Mexico (Chihuahua), Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Bermuda. ORDER ANSERES. 67 Mergus senator LINTTCEUS. Red-breasted Merganser. [130.] Mergus senator LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds in North America from Arctic coast of Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Cumberland Sound, and Greenland (lat. 73°) south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Minnesota, central Wisconsin, northern New York, southern Maine, and Sable Island; winters in southern Greenland, the Commander Islands, and from southern British Columbia, Utah, Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and Maine south to southern Lower California, Louisiana, and Florida; casual in Bermuda, Cuba, and Hawaii. GENUS LOPHODYTES REICHENBACH. Lophodytes REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, ix. Type, by orig. desig., Mergus cucuUatus LINNAEUS. Lophodytes cucullatus (Li\x.i:rs). Hooded Merganser. [131.] Mergus cucullatus LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (Virginia or Carolina.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, central Ungava, and Newfound- land south to southern Oregon, northern New Mexico, southern Louisiana, and central Florida; winters from southern British Colum- bia, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts south to Lower California, Mexico, the Gulf States, and Cuba; rare in northeastern part of range; recorded from St. Michael, Alaska, and from Europe and Bermuda. [GENUS MERGELLUS SELBY. Mergellus SELBY, Catal. Gen. and Subgen. Types Birds, 1840, 47. Type, by monotypy, Mergus albellus LINNAEUS. Mergellus albellus (LiNN^us). Smew. [131.1.] Mergus albellus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (" ex Gino insula Smirnam," Turkey.) 68 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Northern part of Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; occurs in migration east to Commander Islands; winters south to Japan, China, northern India, and coasts of the Mediterranean; accidental in northern North America.] SUBFAMILY ANATINJE. RIVER DUCKS. GENUS ANAS LINN^US. Anas LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 122. Type, by subs, desig., Anas boschas LINNAEUS = A. platyrhynchos LINN^JUS (Lesson, 1828). Anas platyrhynchos LINNAEUS. Mallard. [132.] Anas platyrhynchos LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 125. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from Pribilof Islands, northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and Greenland south to Lower California, southern New Mexico, southern Kansas, central Missouri, southern Indiana, and Maryland (rarely) ; winters from the Aleutian Islands, central Alaska, central Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, northern Indiana, Ohio, Maryland, and Nova Scotia (rarely) south to Mexico, the Lesser Antilles, and Panama; casual in Bermuda and Hawaii. Anas rubripes BREWSTER. Black Duck. [133.] Anas obscura rubripes BREWSTER, Auk, XIX, April, 1902, 184. (New Hampshire shore of Lake Umbagog.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from central Keewatin and northern TJngava south to northern Wisconsin, northern Indiana, and southern Maryland; winters from Nova Scotia south to southern Louisiana and Colorado; west in migration to Nebraska and central Kansas; casual in Bermuda; accidental in Jamaica. Anas fulvigula RIDGWAY. RANGE. — Florida and the Gulf coast to Texas. ORDER ANSERES. by a. Anas fulvigula fulvignla RIDGWAY. Florida Duck. [134.] Anas obscura var. fulvignla RIDGWAY, Amer. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1874, 111. (St. John's River, Florida.) RANGE. — Northwestern to southern Florida. 6. Anas fulvigula maculosa SENNETT. Mottled Duck. [134a.] Anas maculosa SENNETT, Auk, VI, July, 1889, 263. (Nueces Bay, near . Corpus Christi, Texas.) RANGE. — South central United States. Resident in southern Texas and southern Louisiana; accidental in Kansas. GENUS CHAULELASMUS BONAPARTE. Chaulelasmus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 56. Type, by monotypy, Anas strepera LINN.EUS. Chaulelasmus streperus (LiNN^us). Gadwall. [135.] Anas strepera LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 125. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. In North America breeds from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and central Keewatin south to southern California, southern Colorado, northern Nebraska, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, Arkansas, southern Illinois, and North Carolina south to southern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), and Florida; accidental in Bermuda, Cuba, and Jamaica; rare in migration on the Atlantic coast of the Middle and New England States north to Newfoundland. GENUS MARECA STEPHENS. Mareca STEPHENS, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 130. Type, by subs, desig., Mareca fistularis STEPHENS = Anas penelope LINNAEUS (Eyton, 1838). Mareca penelope (LINNAEUS). European Widgeon. [136.] Anas penelope LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Occurs occasionally in winter and in migration from Wisconsin, Michigan, 70 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. New York, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Greenland south to Nebraska, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, and Florida, and in Alaska, British Columbia, and California. Mareca americana (GMELIN). Baldpate. [137.] Anas americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 526. (Louisiana and New York.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, southern Wisconsin, and northern Indiana; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware (casually Massachusetts and Rhode Island) south to southern Lower California, the West Indies, and Costa Rica; rare in migration to northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and New- foundland; accidental in Hawaii, Bermuda, and Europe. GENUS NETTION KAUP. Nettion KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 95. Type by monotypy, Anas crecca LINN^US. [NSttion crecca (LINN^US). European Teal. [138.] Anas crecca LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere. Occasional in North America; recorded from the Aleutian Islands, California, Greenland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Maine, New York, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, and Virginia.] Nettion carolin6nse (GMELIN). Green-winged Teal. [139.] Anas carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 533. (Hudson Bay to Carolina.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from the Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, north- ern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central California, northern New Mexico, northern Nebraska, northern Illinois, southern Ontario, ORDER ANSERES. 71 Quebec, and New Brunswick; winters from Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Nevada, southern Nebraska, northern Indiana, western New York, and Rhode Island (casually Nova Scotia) south to south- ern Lower California, the West Indies, and Honduras; accidental in Hawaii, Bermuda, Greenland, and Great Britain. GENUS QUERQUEDULA OKEN. Querquedula OKEN, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas drcia LINNAEUS = Anas querquedula LINNAEUS. Querquedula discors (LINNAEUS). Blue-winged Teal. [140.] Anas discors LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 205. (Virginia or Carolina.) RANGE. — Western Hemisphere. Breeds from central British Co- lumbia, Great Slave Lake, central Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, northern Nevada, northern New Mexico, central Missouri, southern Indiana, northern Ohio, western New York (occa- sionally Rhode Island), and Maine; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware south to the West Indies and South America as far as Brazil and Chile; accidental in Bermuda and Europe. Querquedula cyanoptera (VIEILLOT). Cinnamon Teal. [141.] Anas cyanoptera , VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., V, 1816, 104. (Rio de la Plata and Buenos Aires.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds in North America from southern British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, southeastern Wyoming, and western Kansas south to northern Lower California, northern Chihuahua, southern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas; winters from southern California, central New Mexico, and southern Texas south to southern Lower California and central Mexico; cas- ual in Manitoba, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, New York, Louisiana, and Florida. Occurs in South America from Peru and Brazil south to the Falkland Islands. 72 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [GENUS GASARGA BONAPARTE. Casarca BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 56. Type, by monotypy, Anas rutila PALLAS = Anas ferruginea PALLAS. Cas&rca ferruginea (PALLAS). Ruddy Sheldrake. [141.1.] Anas (ferruginea) PALLAS, in Vroeg's Catal., 1764, Adumbr., 5. (Tar- tary.) RANGE. — Southern Europe and northern Africa east to China and Japan, straggling to Scandinavia, Iceland, and Greenland.] GENUS SPATULA BOIE. Spatula BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 564. Type, by monotypy, Anas clypeata LINN.EUS. Sp£tula clypeata (LINNAEUS). Shoveller. [142.] Anas clypeata LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 124. (Southern Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and southern Kee- watin south to southern California, central New Mexico, northern Texas, northern Missouri, and northern Indiana; winters from south- ern British Columbia, Arizona, New Mexico, southern Missouri, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware south to the West Indies, Colombia, and Hawaii; in migration occasional in Bermuda, and north to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. GENUS DAFILA STEPHENS. Dafila STEPHENS, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 126. Type, by monotypy, Dafila caudacuta STEPHENS = Anas acuta LINNAEUS. Dafila acuta (LiNN^us). Pintail. [143.] Anas acuta LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) ORDER ANSERES. 73 RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds on the Arctic coast from Alaska to Keewatin and south to southern California, southern Colorado, northern Nebraska, northern Iowa, and northern Illinois; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Arizona, southern Missouri, southern Wisconsin, southern Ohio, Pennsylvania (rarely), and Delaware south to Porto Rico and Panama, and in Hawaii; in migration occasional on the Atlantic coast to northern Ungava, Greenland, and Newfoundland, and in Bermuda. GENUS AIX BOIE. A lx BOIE, Isis, XXI, 1828, 329. Type, by subs, desig., Anas sponsa LINN^US (Eyton, 1838). Aix sponsa (LiNN^us). Wood Duck. [144.] Anas sponsa LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 128. (Virginia and Carolina.) RANGE. — Temperate North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, central Saskatchewan, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to central California, southern Texas, Florida, and Cuba; winters chiefly in United States from southern British Columbia, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey south to southern California and the Gulf of Mexico; accidental in Bermuda, Mexico, Jamaica, and Europe. SUBFAMILY FULIGULIN2E. SEA DUCKS. [GENUS NETTA KAUP. Netta KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 102. Type, by monotypy, Anas rufina PALLAS. Netta rufina (PALLAS). Rufous-crested Duck. [145.] Anas rufina PALLAS, Reise Russ. Reichs, II, 1773, 713. (Caspian Sea.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in eastern United States]. 74 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS MARILA OKEN. Marila OKEN, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas marila LlNN^EUS. SUBGENUS NYROCA FLEMING. Nyroca FLEMING, Philos. Zool., II, 1822, 260. Type, by tautonymy, Anas nyroca GULDENSTADT. Marila americana (EYTON). Redhead. [146.] Fuligula americana EYTON, Monogr. Anatidae, 1838, 155. (North Amer- ica.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from southern British Colum- bia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southwestern Kee- watin south to southern California, Utah, southern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Illinois, Maryland, Delaware, and Massachusetts south to southern Lower California, central Mexico, and Florida; accidental in Jamaica; in migration casual in Alaska and regularly on the Atlantic coast north to south- ern Labrador. SUBGENUS ARISTONETTA BAIRD. Aristonetta BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 793. Type, by orig. desig., Anas valisineria WILSON. Marila valisineria (WILSON). Canvas-back. [147.] Anas valisineria WILSON, Amer. Orn., VIII, 1814, 103, pi. 70, fig. 5. (Eastern United States.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Fort Yukon, Great Slave Lake, and southwestern Keewatin south to Oregon, northern Nevada, Colorado (rarely), Nebraska, and southern Minnesota ; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and western New York south to central Mexico (Jalisco) and the Gulf coast; in winter formerly abun- dant, now less so, in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina; occa- sional south to Florida, and casual in the West Indies, Bermuda, and Guatemala; in migration north rarely to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. ORDER ANSERES. 75 SUBGENUS M ARIL A. Marila marila (LINNAEUS). Scaup Duck. [148.] Anas marila LINNAEUS, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 39. ("Lapponia.") RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from the Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia and northern North Dakota; has bred casually on Mag- dalen Islands and in Ontario and Michigan; winters from Maine to Florida and the Bahamas, and from the Aleutian Islands, Nevada, Colorado, and Lake Ontario south to southern California, southern New Mexico, and southern Texas; in migration rare in central Ungava, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. Marila af finis (EYTON). Lesser Scaup Duck. [149.] Fuligula affinis EYTON, Monogr. Anatidse, 1838, 157. (North America.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from the Yukon Valley, Alaska, and Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, south to central British Columbia, southern Montana, Colorado (casually), northern Iowa, northern Indiana, and western Lake Erie; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, Lake Erie, and New Jersey south to the Bahamas, Lesser Antilles, and Panama; rare in migration in Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; accidental in Greenland and Bermuda. Marila collaris (DONOVAN). Ring-necked Duck. [150.] Anas collaris DONOVAN, Brit. Birds, VI, 1809, pi. 147. (Lincolnshire, England? Found in Leadenhall market, London.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from southern British Colum- bia to northern California, and from northern Alberta and Lake Winnipeg south to North Dakota, northern Iowa, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, New Mexico, northern Texas, southern Illinois, and New Jersey south to Porto Rico and Guatemala; occurs in migration north to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Quebec; recorded from Bermuda and England. 76 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS CLANGULA OKEN. Clangula OKEN, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas clangula LlNN^US. Clangula clangula (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Greater part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. [Clangula clangula clangula. Extralimital.] b. Clangula clangula americana BONAPARTE. Golden-eye. [151]. Clangula americana BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 58. (Eastern United States.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central Alaska, northern Mac- kenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern British Columbia, southern Montana, northern North Dakota, northern Michigan, northern New York, and northern New England; winters from the Aleutian Islands, Utah, Nebraska, Minnesota, Lake Erie, Maine, and New Brunswick south to southern California, central Mexico, and Florida; occurs in Bermuda. Clangula islandica (GMELIN). Barrow's Golden-eye. [152.] Anas islandica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 541. (Iceland.) RANGE. — Northern North America. Breeds from south central Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie to southern Oregon and southern Colorado, and from northern Ungava to central Quebec; winters from southeastern Alaska, central Montana, the Great Lakes, and Gulf of St. Lawrence south to central California, southern Colorado, Nebraska, and New England; accidental in Europe; breeds commonly in Iceland and a rare visitor to Greenland. GENUS CHARITONETTA STEJNEGER. Charitonetta STEJNEGER, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 29, 1885, 163. Type, by orig. desig., Anas albeola LINN^US. CharitonStta albeola (LiNN^us). Buffle-head. [153.] Anas albeola LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 124. (Newfoundland.) ORDER ANSERES. 77 RANGE. — North America. Breeds from the upper Yukon (rarely Yukon mouth), the lower Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin south to British Columbia, northern Montana, and central Ontario; winters from the Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Idaho, Colorado, Missouri, southern Michigan, western New York, and New Brunswick south to northern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), and Florida; recorded from Hawaii, Greenland, Newfound- land, Nova Scotia, Bermuda, and Great Britain. GENUS HARELDA STEPHENS. Harelda STEPHENS, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 174. Type, by orig. desig., Anas glacialis LINNAEUS = A. hy emails LINN^US. Harelda hyemalis (LiNN^us). Old-squaw. [154.] Anas hyemalis LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Northern provinces of Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from islands of Bering Sea, Arctic coast of Alaska, Melville Island, Welling- ton Channel, Grinnell Land, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, east central Mackenzie, northern Hudson Bay, and south- eastern Ungava ; winters from the Aleutian Islands south regularly to Washington, rarely to San Diego Bay, California, and in southern Greenland, and from Gulf of St. Lawrence south regularly to the Great Lakes and North Carolina, and rarely to Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. GENUS HISTRIONICUS LESSON. Histrionicus LESSON, Manuel d'Orn., II, 1828, 415. Type, by orig. desig., Anas histrionica LINNAEUS. Histrionicus histrionicus (LINNAEUS). Harlequin Duck. [155.] Anas histrionica LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 127. (New- foundland.) RANGE. — Northern North America and eastern Asia. Breeds from the Kowak and Yukon rivers, Alaska, the Arctic coast, and 78 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Greenland south to southwestern British Columbia, central Mac- kenzie, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland, and south in the mountains to central California, southwestern Colorado, northeastern Asia, and Iceland; occurs in summer in flocks near the Pribilof and Aleutian islands and on the coast of Washington; winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Monterey, California, in the interior to Colorado, Missouri, Lake Michigan, and western New York, and on the Atlantic coast from Gulf of St. Lawrence regularly to Maine, rarely to New Jersey, and accidentally to Florida; acci- dental in Europe and not rare in Asia south to Japan. GENUS CAMPTORHYNCHUS BONAPARTE. Camptorhynchus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 58. Type, by monotypy, Anas labradoria GMELIN. Camptorhynchus labradorius (GMELIN). Labrador Duck. [156.] Anas labradoria GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 537. (Connecticut and Labrador.) RANGE. — Formerly, northern Atlantic coasts; supposed to have bred in Labrador; wintered from Nova Scotia south to New Jersey; now extinct. GENUS POLYSTICTA EYTON. Polysticta EYTON, Catal. Brit. Birds, 1836, 58. Type, by monotypy, Anas stelleri PALLAS. Polysticta stelleri (PALLAS). SteUer's Eider. [157.] Anas stelleri PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. vi, 1769, 35, pi. v. (Kam- chatka.) RANGE. — Coast of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Point Barrow, Alaska, to the northern coast of Siberia and south to Aleutian Islands; winters on Aleutian Islands and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and south on the Asiatic coast to Kuril Islands; accidental in Greenland and Quebec. ORDER ANSERES. 79 GENUS ARCTONETTA GRAY. Arctonetta GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (1856), 212. Type, by monotypy, Fuligula fischeri BRANDT. Arctonetta fischeri (BRANDT). Spectacled Eider. [158.] Fuligula (Lampronetta) fischeri BRANDT, Me"m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pe*tersb. (Sci. Nat.), se*r. 6, VI, 1849 (1847), 6, 10. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RANGE. — Coasts of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds in Alaska from Point Barrow to mouth of the Kuskokwim, and on the northern coast of Siberia west to mouth of the Lena River; winters on the Aleutian Islands. GENUS SOMATERIA LEACH. Somateria LEACH, in Ross, Voyage Discovery, 1819, App., xlviii. Type, by subs, desig., Anas mollissima LINN^US (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS SOMATERIA. Somateria mollissima (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Arctic and subarctic Europe and northeastern North America. a. [Somateria mollissima mollissima. Extralimital.] b. Somateria mollissima borealis (BREHM). Northern Eider. [159.] Platypus borealis BREHM, Lehrbuch Vogel, II, 1824, 813. (Coasts of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait; Greenland and Iceland.) RANGE. — Northeastern North America. Breeds from Ellesmere Land and both coasts of Greenland south to northwestern Hudson Bay and southern Ungava; winters in southern Greenland and south rarely to Massachusetts. Somateria dresseri SHARPE. Eider. [160.] Somateria dresseri SHARPE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, XLIII, July, 1871, 52. (North America.) RANGE. — Northeastern North America. Breeds from southern Ungava | and Newfoundland to southeastern Maine, and on the south- ern half [of Hudson Bay; winters from Newfoundland and Gulf of St. 80 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Lawrence south on Atlantic coast, regularly to Massachusetts, rarely to Virginia, and in interior rarely to Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and western New York. Somateria v-nigra GRAY. Pacific Eider. [161.] Svmateria v-nigra GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (Feb., 1856), 212, pi. cvii. (Kotzebue Sound.) RANGE. — Coasts of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from northeastern Siberia and Arctic America, as far east as Copper- mine River, south to Commander and Aleutian islands and Cook Inlet; winters in Bering Sea, about Aleutian Islands; occasional on Great Slave Lake; accidental in Kansas. SUBGENUS ERIONETTA COUES. Erionetta COUES, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 709. Type, by orig. desig., Anas spectabilis LINNAEUS. Somateria spectabilis (LINNAEUS). King Eider. [162.] Anas spectabilis LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds along the whole coast of northern Siberia, Bering Sea (St. Lawrence Island), and Arctic coast of America from Icy Cape east to Melville Island, Wellington Channel, northern Greenland, northwestern Hudson Bay, and northern Ungava; winters on Pacific coast from Aleutian Islands to Kadiak Island, in the interior rarely to the Great Lakes, and from southern Greenland and Gulf of St. Lawrence south regu- larly to Long Island, rarely to Georgia; accidental in California and Iowa. GENUS OIDEMIA FLEMING. Oidemia FLEMING, Philos. Zoology, II, 1822, 260. Type, by subs, desig., Anas nigra LINN^US (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS OIDEMIA. Oidemia americana SWAINSON. Scoter. [163.] Oidemia americana SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 450. (Hudson Bay, Lat. 57° N.) ORDER ANSERES. 81 RANGE. — Northern North America and eastern Asia. Breeds in northeastern Asia and from Kotzebue Sound to Aleutian Islands, in- cluding Near Islands; also on west shore of Hudson Bay, Ungava, and Newfoundland; winters on Asiatic coast to Japan and from is- lands of Bering Sea south rarely to Santa Catalina Island, California; in the interior not rare on the Great Lakes, and casual or accidental in Missouri, Louisiana, Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming; on the Atlantic coast abundant during migration from Newfoundland and Maine south (rarely to Florida). SUBGENUS MELANITTA BOIE. Melanitta BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 564. Type, by subs, desig., Anas fusca LINN^US (Eyton, 1838). [Oidemia fusca (LINNAEUS). Velvet Scoter. [164.] Anas fusca LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere, breeding from Iceland east to Bering Strait; accidental in Greenland.] Oidemia deglandi BONAPARTE. White-winged Scoter. [165.] Oidemia deglandi BONAPARTE, Revue Grit. Orn. Eur., 1850, 108. (North America.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from the coast of northeastern Siberia, northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava south to central British Columbia, Alberta, northern North Dakota, and southern Quebec; winters on the Asiatic coast to Bering Island, Japan, and China, and in North America from Unalaska Island to San Quintin Bay, Lower California, the Great Lakes (casually to Colorado, Nebraska, and Louisiana), and the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence south (rarely) to Florida; non-breeding birds occur in summer as far south as Rhode Island and Monterey, California. 82 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBGENUS PELIONETTA KAUP. Pelionetta KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 107. Type, by monotypy, Anas perspicUlata LINN.EUS. Oidemia perspicillata (LINNAEUS). Surf Scoter. [166.] Anas perspicUlata LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 125. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds on the Pacific coast from Kotze- bue Sound to Sitka, and from northwestern Mackenzie and Hudson Strait to Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, and northern Quebec; non-breeding birds occur in summer in northeastern Siberia and south on the Pacific coast to Lower California, and in Greenland and south on the Atlantic coast to Long Island ; winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California, on the Great Lakes, and south casually to Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Illi- nois, and Louisiana, and on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to North Carolina, rarely to Florida; casual in Bermuda; frequent in Europe. GENUS ERISMATURA BONAPARTE. Erismatura BONAPARTE, Giornale Arcadico, III, 1832, 208. Type, by monotypy, Anas riibidus WILSON = A. jamaicensis GMELIN. Erismatura jamaic£nsis (GMELIN). Ruddy Duck. [167.] Anas jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 519. (Jamaica.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to northern Lower California, central Arizona, northern New Mexico, northwestern Nebraska, southern Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and Maine, and rarely and locally in southern Lower California, Kansas, Massachusetts, Valley of Mexico, Lake Duenas, Guatemala, and in Cuba, Porto Rico, and Carriacou; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, New Mexico, southern Illinois, Maine, Pennsylvania, and south to the Lesser An- tilles and Costa Rica; rare in migration to Newfoundland and Bermuda. ORDER ANSERES. 83 GENUS NOMONYX RIDGWAY. Nomonyx RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Ill, 1880, 15. Type, by orig. desig., Anas doininica LINNAEUS. Nomonyx dominicus (LiNN^us). Masked Duck. [168.] Anas doininica LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 201. (Santo Domingo.) RANGE. — Tropical America. Breeds in the West Indies and in eastern South America to central Argentina; occurs rarely and locally from the lower Rio Grande in Texas south to Mexico, Guatemala, and western South America; recorded also from Wisconsin, Massa- chusetts, Vermont, and Maryland. SUBFAMILY ANSERDUE. GEESE. GENUS CHEN BOIE. Chen BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by monotypy, Anser hyperboreus PALLAS. SUBGENUS CHEN. Chen hyperboreus (PALLAS). RANGE. — Arctic North America, south in winter to southern United States and Mexico. a. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus (PALLAS). Snow Goose. [169.] Anser hyperboreus PALLAS, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. vi, 1769, 25. (North- eastern Siberia.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from mouth of the Mackenzie east probably to Coronation Gulf and Melville Island; occurs on the Arctic coast of northeastern Asia, but not known to breed there; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Colorado, and southern Illinois south to northern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), Texas, and Louisiana, and on the Asiatic coast south to Japan; generally rare in eastern United States. 6. Chen hyperboreus nivalis (J. R. FORSTER). Greater Snow Goose. [169a.] Anas nivalis FORSTER, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 433. (Severn River, Hudson Bay, Canada.) 84 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Eastern North America. Has been found breeding at Whale Sound, north Greenland, and Ellesmere Land; full breeding range not known; winters from southern Illinois, Chesapeake Bay, and Massachusetts (rarely) south to Louisiana, Florida, and West Indies to Porto Rico; in migration rarely west to Colorado and east to New England and Newfoundland. Chen cserulescens (LINNAEUS). Blue Goose. [169.1.] Anas ccerulescens LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 124. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeding range unknown, but probably interior of northern Ungava; winters from Nebraska and southern Illinois south to coasts of Texas and Louisiana; rare or casual in migration in California, and from New Hampshire to Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas. SUBGENUS EXANTHEMOPS ELLIOT. Exanthemops ELLIOT, New & Unrig. Birds N. A., II, Pt. ix, 1868, pi. xliv and text. Type, by orig. desig., Anser rossii CASSIN. Chen rossi (CASSIN). Ross's Goose. [170.] Anser rossii CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 73. (Great Slave Lake.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeding range unknown, but probably north of Mackenzie; winters in California; in migration occurs from Kent Peninsula and Anderson River, Mackenzie, south to Manitoba and Oregon; accidental in British Columbia, Colorado, Louisiana, and Chihuahua. GENUS ANSER BRISSON. Anser BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 261. Type, by tautonymy, Anser syl- vestris BRISSON = Anas anser LINNAEUS. Anser albifrons (SCOPOLI). RANGE. — Arctic and subarctic parts of the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter to the warmer temperate latitudes. ORDER ANSERES. 85 a. [Anser albifrons albifrons (SCOPOLI). European White-fronted Goose. [171.] Branta albifrons SCOPOLI, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, 69. RANGE. — Northern parts of Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Iceland, Nova Zembla, northern Europe, and northern Asia, passing south in winter to Egypt, India, and China. Of doubtful record from eastern Green- land.] 6. Anser albifrons gambeli HARTLAUB. White-fronted Goose. [171a.] Anser gambelli HARTLAUB, Revue et Mag. Zool., 1852, 7. (Southern part of North America.) RANGE. — Central and western North America. Breeds on and near the Arctic coast from northeastern Siberia east to northeastern Mackenzie and south to lower Yukon Valley; winters commonly from southern British Columbia to southern Lower California and Jalisco, and rarely from southern Illinois, southern Ohio, and New Jersey south to northeastern Mexico, southern Texas, and Cuba, and on the Asiatic coast to China and Japan; rare in migration on the Atlantic coast north to Ungava. [Anser fabalis (LATHAM). Bean Goose. [171.1.] Anasfabalis LATHAM, Suppl. Gen. Synopsis, I, 1787, 297. (England?) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and northern Asia from Russian Lapland east to the Yenisei River, and north to Nova Zembla; winters south to southern Europe, northern Africa, and China; recorded from northern Greenland.] [Anser brachyrhynchus BAJLLON. Pink-footed Goose. [171.2.] Anser brachyrhynchus BAILLON, Me"m. Soc. Roy. d'Emul. d' Abbeville, 1833, 74. (Abbeville, France.) RANGE. — Europe. Breeds on Spitzbergen; winters south to north- western Europe, occasionally to Germany and France; accidental on east coast of Greenland.] GENUS BRANTA SCOPOLI. Branta SCOPOLI, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, 67. Type, by subs, desig., Anas bernicla LINN^US (Bannister, 1870). 86 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Branta canadensis (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — North America, from Arctic coast south to southern bor- der of the United States, breeding (at least formerly) to middle districts of eastern United States. a. Branta canadensis canadensis (LINNAEUS). Canada Goose. [172.] Anas canadensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Canada.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from limit of trees in valley of the lower Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to southern Oregon, northern Colorado. Nebraska, and Indiana; formerly bred casually south to New Mexico, Kansas, Tennessee, and Massachusetts; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Illinois, and New Jersey (rarely southern Ontario and Newfoundland) south to southern California, Texas, and Florida; accidental in Bermuda and Jamaica. b. Branta canadensis hutchinsi (RICHAKDSON). Hutchins's Goose. [172a.] Anser hutchinsii RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 470. (Melville Peninsula.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from Kowak Valley, Alaska, and from mouth of Mackenzie east along Arctic shores and islands from lati- tude 70° south to Melville Peninsula and northwestern Hudson Bay; winters from British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, and Missouri south to San Rafael in Lower California, Texas, and Louisiana; accidental in Vera Cruz; in migration rare east of the Mississippi Valley but recorded on the Atlantic coast from Maine to Virginia. c. Branta canadensis occidentals (BAIRD). White-cheeked Goose. [1726.] Bernicla occidentalis BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 766. (Port Townsend, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound and Mitkof Island south to northeastern California; winters from Washington to southern California. <1. Branta canadensis minima RIDGWAY. Cackling Goose. [172c.] Branta minima RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, May 6, 1885, 22. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in western Aleutians and from Norton Sound south to northern coast of Alaska Peninsula; winters from British Columbia south to San Diego County, California; casual east to Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. ORDER ANSERES. 87 Branta bSrnicla ( RANGE. — Arctic islands and coasts of the Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to southern Europe and eastern United States. a. [Branta bernicla bernicla. Extralimital.] 6. Branta bernicla glaucogastra (BREHM). Brant. [173a.] Bernicla glaucogaster BREHM, Handbuch Vogel Deutschl., 1831, 849. (German coast of Baltic Sea.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. Breeds on Arctic islands north of lati- tude 74° and west to about longitude 100°, and on the whole west coast of Greenland; winters on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to North Carolina, rarely to Florida; has been recorded in the interior from Manitoba, Ontario, Colorado, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and Louisiana; accidental in British Columbia and Barbados. Branta nigricans (LAWRENCE). Black Brant. [174.] Anser nigricans LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., IV, 1846, 171, pi. xii. (Egg Harbor, N. J.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds on the Arctic coast and islands from Point Barrow east to near mouth of Anderson River, north probably to Melville Island; common on Siberian coast, Chukchi Peninsula, and west to New Siberian Islands; winters on the Pacific coast from British Columbia south to San Quintin Bay, Lower Cali- fornia, in the interior of Oregon and Nevada, and on the Asiatic coast south to Japan; recorded as a straggler to Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. Branta leucopsis (BECHSTEIN). Barnacle Goose. [175.] Anas leucopsis BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., II, 1803, 424. (Germany.) RANGE. — Northern part of the Old World. Breeds in northern part of Eastern Hemisphere as far north as Spitzbergen; winters in Great Britain and western Europe, occurring south to Spain; occurs in Iceland, and in migration on both coasts of Greenland; recorded from Ungava, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina. 88 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS PHILAGTE BANNISTER. Philacte BANNISTER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 131. Type, by monotypy, Anas canagica SEVASTIANOFF. PhiUcte canagica (SEVASTIANOFF). Emperor Goose. [176.] Anas canagica SEVASTIANOFF, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIII, 1802, 349, pi. x. (Probably Kanaga (or Kyktak) Island, Aleutian Islands.) RANGE. — Coasts of Alaska. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to mouth of Kuskokwim, on St. Lawrence Island, and also on Chuk- chi Peninsula, Siberia, near East Cape; winters from the Commander and Near islands east through the Aleutians to Bristol Bay and Sitka; casual in British Columbia and California; accidental in Hawaii. GENUS DENDROCYGNA SWAINSON. Dendrocygna SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 365. Type, by subs, desig., Anas arcuata HORSFIELD (Gray, 1840). Dendrocygna autumnalis (LINNAEUS). Black-bellied Tree-duck. [177.] Anas autumnalis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 127. (West Indies.) RANGE. — Southern Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Breeds from Corpus Christi, Texas, to Mazatlan, Mexico, and Panama; winters from central Mexico to Panama; accidental in Arizona and Jamaica. Dendrocygna bicolor (VIEILLOT). Fulvous Tree-duck. [178.] Anas bicolor VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., V, 1816, 136. (Para- guay.) RANGE. — Southwestern United States and Mexico, southern Uruguay and Argentina, South Africa and India. Breeds from central California, middle western Nevada, southern Arizona, and central Texas south to the Valley of Mexico and Michoacan; winters from central California and central Texas to southern Mexico; casual in Louisiana; accidental in British Columbia, Washington, Missouri, and North Carolina. ORDER ANSERES. 89 SUBFAMILY CYGNINZ5. SWANS. GENUS OLOR WAGLER. Olor WAGLER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 1234. Type, by subs, desig., Cygnus musicus BECHSTEIN = Anas cygnus LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). [Olor cygnus (LINNAEUS). Whooper Swan. [179.] Anas cygnus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 122. ("Scania.") RANGE. — Northern part of the Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia, including Iceland, and formerly was not rare in Greenland, where it still occurs as an occasional visitant; winters from Great Britain and southeastern Europe as far south as Egypt.] Olor columbianus (ORD). Whistling Swan. [180.] Anas columbianus ORD, in GTJTHRIE'S Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Below the great narrows of the Columbia River.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from northern Alaska south to Becharof Lake, Alaska Peninsula, and on Arctic islands from about latitude 74° south to northern Mackenzie and northwestern Hudson Bay; in migration occurs west to Bering Island; winters on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia, rarely south to southern Cali- fornia, and in the interior from Lake Erie and southern Illinois to coast of Louisiana and Texas, and on Atlantic coast from Delaware and Maryland to South Carolina, rarely north to Massachusetts and south to Florida; casual in northern Mexico; accidental in Scotland and Bermuda. Olor buccinator (RICHARDSON). Trumpeter Swan. [181.] Cygnus buccinator RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 464. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Interior and western North America. Breeds from the Rocky Mountains to western shore of Hudson Bay and from the Arctic Ocean to about latitude 60°; formerly bred south to Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Montana, and Idaho, and casually west to Fort Yukon and British Columbia; winters from southern Indiana and 90 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. southern Illinois south to Texas, and from southern British Columbia to southern California; casual in migration in the Rocky Mountain region of United States; accidental in New York and Delaware. Now of rare occurrence nearly everywhere. ORDER ODONTOGLOSSJE. LAMELLIROSTRAL GRALLATORES. FAMILY PHCENICOPTERID-ffl. FLAMINGOES. GENUS PHOENICOPTERUS LINNAEUS. Phoenicopterus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 139. Type, by monotypy, Phcenicopterus ruber LINNAEUS. Phcenicopterus ruber LINNAEUS. Flamingo. [182.] Phcenicopterus ruber LINNJEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 139. (Jamaica, Cuba, and Bahamas.) RANGE. — Atlantic coast of subtropical and tropical America, from the Bahamas, Florida Keys, and Yucatan to Brazil, and in the Galapagos; accidental in South Carolina. ORDER HERODIONES. 91 ORDER HERODIONES. HERONS, STORKS, IBISES, ETC. SUBORDER IBIDES. SPOONBILLS AND IBISES. FAMILY PLATALEIDJE. SPOONBILLS. GENUS AJAIA REICHENBACH. Ajaia REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xvi. Type, by orig. desig., Ajaia rosea REICHENBACH = Platalea ajaja LINN^US. Ajaia ajaja (LiNN^us). Roseate Spoonbill. [183.] Platalea ajaja LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 140. (Brazil.) RANGE. — North and South America, from Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia south to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands; formerly casual north to Pennsylvania and the lower Ohio Valley (Indiana and Illinois); accidental in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wisconsin. FAMILY IBIDIDJE. IBISES. GENUS GUARA REICHENBACH. Guara REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xiv. Type, by orig. desig., Scolopax rubra LINNAEUS. Guara alba (LiNN^us). White Ibis. [184.] Scolopax alba LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Carolina.) RANGE. — North and South America, from Lower California, Texas, and South Carolina south to West Indies, Brazil, and Peru, and casually to Great Salt Lake, South Dakota, Illinois, Vermont, Connecticut, and Long Island; winters from Gulf of Mexico southward. 92 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [Guara rubra (LINNAEUS). Scarlet Ibis. [185.] Scolopax rubra LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Bahamas.) RANGE. — Tropical South America; casual in the West Indies and Central America; recorded as a straggler to Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Louisiana, and Florida.] GENUS PLEGADIS KAUP. Plegadis KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 82. Type, by monotypy, Tantalus falcinellus LINNAEUS = Tringa autumnalis LIN- NAEUS. Plegadis autumnalis (LINNAEUS). Glossy Ibis. [186.] Tringa autumnalis LINNAEUS, in HASSELQUIST, Reise Palast., 1762, 306. (Egypt.) RANGE. — Tropical and subtropical regions, mainly of Eastern Hemisphere. Rare and local in southeastern United States from Louisiana to Florida, and in the West Indies; casual north to Mis- souri, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. Plegadis guarauna (LiNN^us). White-faced Glossy Ibis. [187.] Scolopax guarauna LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 242. (Brazil.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical America from southern Oregon, Arizona, Texas, and Florida south through Mexico to southern South America; casual north to British Columbia, Wyoming, and Nebraska. ORDER HERODIONES. 93 SUBORDER CICONI^E. STORKS, ETC. FAMILY CICONIIDJE. STORKS AND WOOD IBISES. SUBFAMILY MYCTERIHUE. WOOD IBISES. GENUS MYCTERIA LINNAEUS. Mycteria LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 140. Type, by monotypy, Mycteria americana LINNAEUS. Mycteria americana LINN^US. Wood Ibis. [188.] Mycteria americana LINN^US. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. (Brazil.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical America from southern Cali- fornia, Arizona, Texas, Ohio Valley, and South Carolina south to Argentina; casual north to Montana, Wisconsin, New York, and Vermont. [SUBFAMILY CICONIIN^E. STORKS. GENUS JABIRU HELLMAYR. Jabiru HELLMAYR, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., II Kl., XXII, May, 1906, 711. Type, by orig. desig., Ciconia mycteria LICHTENSTEIN. Jabiru mycteria (LICHTENSTEIN). Jabiru. [189.] Ciconia mycteria LICHTENSTEIN, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Phys. KL), for 1816-17, 1819, 163. (Brazil.) RANGE. — Southern Mexico to Central America, and South America to Argentina; accidental north to central Texas.] 94 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER HERODIL HERONS, EGRETS, BITTERNS, ETC. FAMILY ARDEID^E. HERONS, BITTERNS, ETC. SUBFAMILY BOTAURINJE. BITTERNS. GENUS BOTAURUS STEPHENS. Botaurus STEPHENS, General Zoology, XI, Pt. ii, 1819, 592. Type, by subs, desig., Ardea stellaris LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Botaurus Ientigin6sus (MONTAGU). Bittern. [190.] Ardea lentiginosa MONTAGU, Suppl. Orn. Diet., 1813, text and plate. (Piddletown, Dorsetshire, England.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and New- foundland south to southern California, northern Arizona, Kansas, the Ohio Valley, and North Carolina, and less frequently in southern United States; winters from California, Arizona, southern Texas, the Ohio Valley, and Virginia south to Cuba and Guatemala, and casually to the Bahamas, Porto Rico, Jamaica, and Great Britain. GENUS IXOBRTGHUS BILLBERG. Ixobrychus BILLBERG, Syn. Faunae Scand., I, ii, 1828, 166. Type, by subs, desig., Ardea minuta LINN^US (Stone, 1907). Ixobrychus exilis (GMELIN). Least Bittern. [191.] Ardea exilis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 645. (Jamaica.) RANGE. — Temperate North America and northern South America. Breeds from southern Oregon, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies and Brazil; winters from Florida and Gulf of Mexico south- ward. ORDER HERODIONES. 95 Ixobrychus ne6xenus (CORY). Cory's Least Bittern. [191.1.] Ardetta neoxena CORY, Auk, III, April, 1886, 262. (Caloosahatchie River, near Lake Okeechobee, Florida.) RANGE. — Imperfectly known. Breeds in southern Ontario and southern Florida; occurs casually in Massachusetts, Michigan, and Wisconsin. SUBFAMILY ABDEINJE. HERONS AND EGRETS. GENUS ARDEA LINN.EUS. Ardea LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 141. Type, by subs, desig., Ardea cinerea LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Ardea occidentalis AUDUBON. Great White Heron. [192.] Ardea occidentalis AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1835, pi. 281. (Keys near Key West, Florida.) RANGE. — Region bordering Gulf of Mexico from southern Florida south to Cuba, Jamaica, and Yucatan; casual north to Anclote River and Micco, Florida. Ardea herodias LINNAEUS. RANGE. — North America, north to southeastern Alaska and Hudson Bay; south in winter to the West Indies and northern South America. a. Ardea herodias herodias LIXN/EUS. Great Blue Heron. [194.] Ardea herodias LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 143. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Western Hemisphere. Breeds from southeastern British Colum- bia, central Alberta, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and Prince Edward Island south to southern Lower California, northern Texas, and South Atlan- tic States (except Florida) ; winters from Oregon, the Ohio Valley, and Middle States south to the West Indies, Panama, and Venezuela. 6. Ardea herodias fannini CHAPMAN. Northwestern Coast Heron. [194a.] Ardea herodias fannini CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XIV, 1901, 87. (Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RANGE.— Pacific coast from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Washington. 96 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Ardea herodias wardi RIDGWAY. Ward's Heron. [1946.] Ardea wardi RIDGWAY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, Jan., 1882, 5. (Oyster Bay, Florida.) RANGE. — Florida, and the Gulf coast to Texas. [Ardea cinerea LINN^US. European Heron. [195.] Ardea cinerea LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 143. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Most of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in southern Greenland.] GENUS HERODIAS BOIE. Herodias BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 559. Type, by subs, desig., Ardea egretta GMELIN (Gray, 1855.) Herodias egretta (GMELIN). Egret. [196.] Ardea egretta GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 629. (Cayenne.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical America. Breeds in Oregon and California, and from North Carolina, Florida, the Gulf coast, and Mexico south to Patagonia; formerly bred north to New Jersey and Wisconsin; winters from the Gulf of Mexico southward; casual in Manitoba, Quebec, New England, and Nova Scotia. GENUS EGRETTA T. FORSTER. Egretta FORSTER, Synop. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1817, 59. Type, by mono- typy, Ardea garzetta LINN.EUS. Egretta candidissima (GMELIN). RANGE. — South America and North America north nearly to northern border of the United States. a. Egretta candidissima candidissima (GMELIN). Snowy Egret. [197.] Ardea candidissima GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 633. (Cartagena, Colombia.) RANGE. — Temperate and tropical America. Formerly bred from Oregon, Nebraska, Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey south to Chile and Argentina; ORDER HERODIONES. 97 now breeds locally in the United States from North Carolina to Louisiana ; winters from Florida southward; casual in British Columbia, Ontario, Massa- chusetts, and Nova Scotia. b. Egretta candidissima brewsteri THAYER & BANGS. Brewster's Egret. [197a.] Egretta candidissima brewsteri THAYER & BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, IV, April 29, 1909, 40. (San Jose" Island, Gulf of California.) RANGE. — Southern Lower California. GENUS DICHROMANASSA RIDGWAY. Dichromanassa RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, 246. Type, by orig. desig., Ardea rufa BODDAERT = Ardea ru- fescens GMELIN. Dichromanassa rufescens (GMELIN). Reddish Egret. [198.] Ardea rufescens GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 628. (Louisiana.) RANGE. — Southern North America. Breeds from Lower Cali- fornia and Gulf of Mexico to Jamaica and Guatemala; winters from southern Florida southward; casual in Colorado and southern Illinois. GENUS HYDRANASSA BAIRD. Hydranassa BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 660. Type, by orig. desig., Ardea ludoviciana WILSON = Egretta ruficottis GOSSE. Hydranassa tricolor (MULLER). RANGE. — Warm temperate eastern North America, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America. a. [Hydranassa tricolor tricolor. Extralimital.] 6. Hydranassa tricolor runcollls (GOSSE). Louisiana Heron. [199.] Egretta ruficollis GOSSE, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 338. (Jamaica.) RANGE. — Southern North America. Breeds from North Carolina and the Gulf States to the West Indies, Mexico (both coasts), and Central America; winters from South Carolina southward; casual in Indiana, New Jersey, and Long Island. 98 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS FLORIDA BAIRD. Florida BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 671. Type, by monotypy, Ardea ccerulea LINN^US. Florida cserulea (LINNAEUS). Little Blue Heron. [200.] Ardea ccerulea LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 143. (Carolina.) RANGE. — North and South America. Formerly bred from Mis- souri, Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey to western Mexico and south to Argentina and Peru; in the United States now breeds locally on the Gulf coast and in South Carolina; wanders casually to Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, New England, and Nova Scotia; winters from South Carolina southward. GENUS BUTORIDES BLYTH. Butorides BLYTH, Catal. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., 1849 (1852?), 281. Type, by monotypy, Ardea javanica HORSFIELD. Butorides vires cens (LiNN^us). RANGE. — United States south to Central America and the West Indies, and probably northern South America. a. Butorides virescens virescens (LINNAEUS). Green Heron. [201.] Ardea virescens LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 144. (Virginia and Carolina.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from southern South Dakota, northern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies; winters from the West Indies southward, and rarely in southeastern United States; casual in Colorado. b. Butorides virescens frazari (BREWSTER). Frazar's Green Heron. [201a.] Ardea virescens frazari BREWSTER, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 83. (La Paz, Lower California.) RANGE. — Lower California (vicinity of La Paz). c. Butorides virescens dnthonyi (MEARNS). Anthony's Green Heron. [201c.] Ardea virescens anthonyi MEARNS, Auk, XII, July, 1895, 257. (Seven Wells, Salton River, Colorado Desert, Lower California.) ORDER HERODIONES. 99 RANGE. — Arid region of southwestern United States. Breeds from north- ern California south to northern Lower California, southern Arizona, and Michoacan, Mexico; winters from southern California to southern Mexico. GENUS NYCTICORAX T. FORSTER. Nycticorax FORSTER, Synop. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1817, 59. Type, by monotypy, Nycticorax infaustus FORSTER = Ardea nycticorax LIN- NAEUS. Nycticorax nycticorax (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Warmer parts of Eastern and Western hemispheres. a. [Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax. Extralimital.] b. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (BODDAERT). Black-crowned Night Heron. [202.] Ardea ncevia BODDAERT, Table PL Enl., 1783, 56. (Cayenne.) RANGB. — North and South America. Breeds from northern Oregon, southern Wyoming, southern Manitoba, northern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to Patagonia; winters from northern California and Gulf States south- ward; casual in winter north to Massachusetts and southern Illinois. GENUS NYCTANASSA STEJNEGER. Nyctanassa STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 295 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Ardea violacea LINKLEUS. Nyctanassa violacea(LiNN^us). Yellow-crowned Night Heron. [203.] Ardea violacea LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 143. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Warm temperate and tropical America. Breeds from southern Lower California, Kansas, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and South Carolina south to Brazil and Peru; casual north to Colo- rado, Ontario, Massachusetts, Maine, and Nova Scotia; winters from southern Lower California and southern Florida southward. 100 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER PALUDICOLJL CRANES, EAILS, ETC. SUBORDER GRUES. CRANES, COURLANS, ETC. FAMILY GRUIDJE. CRANES. GENUS GRITS PALLAS. Grus PALLAS, Misc. Zool., 1766, 66. Type, by tautonymy, Ardea grus LlNN^US. Grus americana (LINNAEUS). Whooping Crane. [204.] Ardea americana LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 142. (Florida and Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North America. Bred formerly from northern Mac- kenzie south to Illinois and Iowa; now mainly restricted to southern Mackenzie and northern Saskatchewan; in migration formerly not rare on the Atlantic coast from New England to Florida and casual west to Colorado and Idaho; winters from the Gulf States to central Mexico. Grus canadensis (LINNAEUS). Little Brown Crane. [205.] Ardea canadensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 141. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and Boothia Peninsula south to central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin; migrates through the interior of United States, and winters south to Texas and Jalisco, Mexico; casual west to California. Grus mexicana (MULLER). Sandhill Crane. [206.] Ardea (grus) mexicana MULLER, Natursyst. SuppL, 1776, 110. (Mexico.) RANGE. — North America. Resident in Louisiana and Florida; bred formerly from southern British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Mani- ORDER PALUDICOL^E. 101 toba, and western Ontario south to California, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, and Ohio; formerly in migration east to New England; now rare east of the Mississippi, except in Florida, and rare as a breeder in the southern half of its former breeding range; winters from Cali- fornia, Texas, and Louisiana south to Mexico. FAMILY ARAMIDJE. COURLANS. GENUS ARAMUS VIEILLOT. Aramus VIEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 58. Type, by monotypy, "Courliri, Buff." = Ardea scolopacea GMELIN = Numenius vociferus LATHAM. Aramus vociferus (LATHAM). Limpkin. [207.] Numenius vociferus LATHAM, Suppl. Index On., 1801, Ixv. (Florida.) RANGE. — Florida, Greater Antilles, and both coasts of Central America; casual north to South Carolina; accidental in Texas. SUBORDER RALLI. RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS, ETC. FAMILY RALLIDJE. RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS. SUBFAMILY RALLIN-ffl. RAILS. GENUS RALLUS LINNAEUS. Rallus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 153. Type, by subs, desig., Rallus aquaticus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Rdllus elegans AUDUBON. King Rail. [208.] Rallus elegans AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1834, pi. 203. (South- eastern United States, or interior of South Carolina.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from Nebraska, south- ern Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and Connecticut south to Texas, Florida, and Cuba; winters mainly in the southern part of its breeding range; casual north to South Dakota and Maine. 102 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rallus beldingi RIDGWAY. Holding's Rail. [209.] Rallus beldingi RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 345. (Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — Coast and islands of southern Lower California. Rallus obsoletus RIDGWAY. California Clapper Rail. [210.] Rallus elegans var. obsoletus RIDGWAY, Amer. Nat., VIII, 1874, 111. (San Francisco, California.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Pacific coast near San Francisco. Rallus levipes BANGS. Light-footed Rail. [210.1.] Rallus levipes BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, I, 1899, 45. (New- port Landing, Los Angeles Co., California.) RANGE. — Marshes of southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California; accidental in Arizona. Rallus crepitans GMELIN. RANGE. — Eastern United States. a. Rallus crepitans crepitans GMELIN. Clapper Rail. [211.] Rallus crepitans GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 713. (New York.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds from Connecticut to North Carolina; winters mainly south of New Jersey; casual north to Maine. b. Rallus crepitans saturates RIDGWAY. Louisiana Clapper Rail. [21 la.] Rallus longirostris var. saturatus RIDGWAY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 140. (Louisiana.) RANGE. — Coast of Louisiana. c. Rallus crepitans scotti SENNETT. Florida Clapper Rail. [2116.] Rallus longirostris scottii SENNETT, Auk, V, July, 1888, 305. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Gulf coast of Florida. d. Rallus crepitans waynei BREWSTER. Wayne's Clapper Rail. [211c.] Rallus crepitans waynei BREWSTER, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, I, 1899, 50. (St. Mary's, Camden Co., Georgia.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of the south Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Florida. ORDER PALUDICOL^E. 103 Rallus longirostris BODDAERT. RANGE. — Northern South America, West Indies, and coast of Texas. a. [Rallus longirostris longirostris. ExtralimitaL] 6. Rallus longirostris caribseus RIDGWAY. Caribbean Clapper Rail. [211.2.] Rallus longirostris var. caribous RIDGWAY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 140. (West Indies.) RANGE. — Texas (Corpus Christi and Galveston) and the West Indies. Rallus virginianus LINN^US. Virginia Rail. [212.] Rallus virginianus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 263. (Virginia.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from British Columbia, south- ern Saskatchewan, southern Keewatin, Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to southern California, Utah, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, New Jersey, and eastern North Carolina, and in Toluca Valley, Mexico; winters from Oregon, Utah, and Colorado to Lower California and Guatemala, also in the lower Mississippi States, and from North Carolina (casually Massachusetts) to Florida; occurs casually north to northern Quebec and Newfoundland. GENUS PORZANA VIEILLOT. Porzana VIEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 61. Type, by monotypy, "Marouette, Buff." = Rallus porzana LINNAEUS. [Porzana porzana (LINNAEUS). Spotted Crake. [213.] Rattus porzana LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 262. (Europe.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Old World ; occasional in Green- land.] Porzana Carolina (LINNAEUS). Sora. [214.] Rallus carolinus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 153. (Hudson Bay.) 104 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and Gulf of St. Lawrence south to southern California, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, and New Jersey; winters from northern California, Illinois, and South Carolina through the West Indies and Central America to Venezuela and Peru; accidental in Bermuda, Greenland, and England. GENUS COTURNICOPS BONAPARTE. Coturnicops BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XLIII, 1856, 599. Type, by monotypy, Fulica noveboracensis GMELIN. Cotumicops noveboracensis (GMELIN). Yellow Rail. [215.] Fulica noveboracensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 701. (New York.) RANGE. — Chiefly eastern North America. Breeds from southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to Minne- sota and Maine; winters in the Gulf States, rarely in California, Illinois, and North Carolina; casual in Nevada, Utah, and Bermuda. GENUS CRECISCUS CABANIS. Creciscus CABANIS, Journ. fur Orn., 1856, 428. Type, by monotypy, Rallus jamaicensis GMELIN. Creciscus jamaicensis (GMELIN). Black Rail. [216.] Rallus jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 718. (Jamaica.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from southern On- tario and Massachusetts south to Kansas, Illinois, and South Caro- lina; winters from Texas east through the Gulf States and south to Jamaica and Guatemala; casual in Bermuda. Creciscus coturniculus (RIDGWAY). Farallon Rail. [216.1.] Porzana jamaicensis var. coturniculus RIDGWAY, Amer. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1874, 111. (Farallon Islands, California.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of United States. Breeds in coast marshes of California; casual in Washington, Oregon, and Lower California. ORDER PALUDICOL^E. 105 [GENUS GREX BECHSTEIN. Crex BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., II, 1803, 336. Type, by monotypy, Crex pratensis BECHSTEIN = Rallus crex LINNAEUS. Crex crex (LINNAEUS). Corn Crake. [217.] Rallus crex LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 153. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Europe and northern Asia; casual in Greenland, Ber- muda, and eastern North America from Nova Scotia to New Jersey.] SUBFAMILY GALLINTTLIN-ffl. GALLINULES. GENUS IONORNIS REICHENBACH. lonornis REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852. xxi. Type, by orig. desig., Fulica martinicensis JACQUIN = Fidica martinica LINNAEUS. Ion6rnis martinicus (LINNAEUS). Purple Gallinule. [218.] Fulica martinica LINN^JUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 259. (Martinique, West Indies.) RANGE. — Tropical and subtropical America. Breeds from Texas, Tennessee, and South Carolina south through Mexico and the West Indies to Ecuador and Paraguay; winters from Texas, Louisiana, and Florida southward; irregularly north in summer to Arizona, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns- wick; accidental in England and Bermuda. GENUS GALLINULA BRISSON. Gallinula BRISSON, Orn., VI, 1760, 2. Type, by tautonymy [Gallimda] gallinula BRISSON = Fulica chloropus LINNAEUS. Gallinula galeaia (LICHTENSTEIN). Florida Gallinule. [219.] Crex galeata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Saug. u. Vogel Mus. Berlin, 1818, 36. (Brazil.) RANGE. — Tropical and temperate America. Breeds from central California, Arizona, Nebraska, Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and 106 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Vermont south through the West Indies and JMexico to Chile and Argentina, and in the Galapagos and Bermuda; winters from south- ern California, Arizona, Texas, and Georgia southward; casual in Colorado, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine. SUBFAMILY FULICINJE. COOTS. GENUS FULICA LINN^US. Fulica LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. Type, by subs, desig., Fulica atra LINN^US (Gray, 1840). [Fulica atra LINNAEUS. European Coot. [220.] Fulica atra LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 152. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in Greenland.] Fulica americana GMELIN. Coot. [221.] Fulica americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 704. (North America.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, Manitoba, Quebec, and New Brunswick south to northern Lower California, Texas, Tennessee, and New Jersey, and also in southern Mexico, southern West Indies, and Guatemala; win- ters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Utah, the Ohio Valley, and Virginia south to Colombia; casual at Fort Yukon, Alaska, and in Greenland, Labrador, and Bermuda. ORDER LIMICOL^E. 107 ORDER LIMICOLuE. SHORE BIRDS. FAMILY PHALAROPODIDJE. PHALAROPES. GENUS PHALAROPUS BRISSON. Phalaropus BRISSON, On., VI, 1760, 12. Type, by tautonymy, [Phalaro- pus] phalaropus BRISSON = Tringa fidicaria LINN^US. Phalaropus fulicarius (LiNN^us). Red Phalarope. [222.] Tringa fidicaria LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Northern and Southern hemispheres. In North America breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and northern Ellesmere Land south to mouth of the Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Kee- watin, Hudson Strait, and southern Greenland; winter home un- known but probably on the oceans, at least as far south as Falkland and Juan Fernandez islands; migrates along both coasts of United States; casual in migration in interior south to Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, and Maryland. GENUS LOBIPES CUVIER. Lobipes CUVIER, Regne Animal, I, 1817, 495. Type, by orig desig., Tringa hyperborea LINN^US = Tringa lobata LINNJSUS. L6bipes lob&tus (LiNN^us). Northern Phalarope. [223.] Tringa lobata LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148, 824. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Northern and Southern hemispheres. In North America breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and central Greenland south to Aleutian Islands (including Near Islands), valley of the Upper Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern James Bay, 108 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. and northern Ungava; winter home unknown, but probably the oceans south of the equator; in migration occurs nearly throughout the United States and in Mexico, Central America, Bermuda, and Hawaii. GENUS STEGANOPUS VIEILLOT. Steganopus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 136. Type, by orig. desig., Steganopus tricolor VIEILLOT. Steganopus tricolor VIEILLOT. Wilson's Phalarope. [224.] Steganopus tricolor VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 136. (Paraguay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from central Wash- ington, central Alberta, and Lake Winnipeg south to eastern Califor- nia, southern Colorado, southern Kansas, northern Iowa, and north- western Indiana; winters from central Chile and central Argentina south to Falkland Islands; casual in migration on Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to Lower California and on Atlantic coast from Maine to New Jersey. FAMILY RECURVIROSTRIDJE. AVOCETS AND STILTS. GENUS RECURVIROSTRA LINNAEUS. Recurvirostra LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 151. Type, by monotypy, Recurvirostra avosetta LINNAEUS. Recurvirdstra americana GMELIN. Avocet. [225.] Recurvirostra americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 693. (North America.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from eastern Oregon, central Alberta, and southern Manitoba (rarely north to Great Slave Lake) south to southern California, southern New Mexico, northwestern Texas, northern Iowa, and central Wisconsin; winters from southern California and southern Texas to southern Guatemala; casual from Ontario and New Brunswick to Florida and the West Indies, but rare east of Mississippi River. ORDER LIMICOL^E. 109 GENUS HIM ANT OP US BRISSON. Himantopus BRISSON, Orn., V, 1760, 33. Type, by tautonymy, [Himan- topus] himantopus BRISSON = Charadrius himantopus LINN.EUS. Himantopus mexicanus (MULLER). Black-necked Stilt. [226.] Charadrius mexicanus MULLER, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 117. (Mex- ico.) RANGE. — Temperate North America and northern South America. Breeds from central Oregon, northern Utah, and southern Colorado to southern California, southern New Mexico, southern Texas, coast of Louisiana, and in Mexico, and from central Florida and Bahamas throughout the West Indies to northern Brazil and Peru; formerly bred north to New Jersey; winters from southern Lower California, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Florida south through Central America and the West Indies to northern Brazil, Peru, and the Galapagos; casual north in migration to Nebraska, Wisconsin, and New Brunswick. FAMILY SCOLOPAGID2E. SNIPES, SANDPIPERS, ETC. [GENUS SCOLOPAX LINN^US. Scolopax LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. Type, by subs, desig., Scolopax rusticola LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Scolopax rusticola LINN^US. European Woodcock. [227.] Scolopax rusticola LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 146. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic Circle to Great Britain, Russia, Siberia, and mountains of Europe and Asia, and also in the Azores, Canary, and Madeira islands; winters in Great Britain, southern Europe, northern Africa, China, and India; occasional in eastern North America from Newfoundland to Virginia.] 110 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS PHILOHELA GRAY. Philohela GRAY, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, 1841, 90. Type, by orig. desig., Scolopax minor GMELIN. Philohela minor (GMELIN). Woodcock. [228]. Scolopax minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 661. (New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from northeastern North Dakota, southern Manitoba, northern Michigan, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to southern Kansas, southern Louisi- ana, and northern Florida; winters from southern Missouri, the Ohio Valley, and New Jersey (rarely Massachusetts) south to Texas and southern Florida; ranges casually to Saskatchewan, Keevratin, Colo- rado, Newfoundland, and Bermuda. GENUS GALLINAGO KOCH. Gallinago KOCH, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 312. Type, by tautonymy, Gallinago media KOCH = Scolopax gallinago LINNAEUS. [Gallinago gallinago (LINNAEUS). European Snipe. [229.] Scolopax gallinago LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Great Britain, Iceland, northern Europe, and Siberia to latitude 70°, and in mountains of Europe and Asia; winters in Great Britain, southern Europe, northern Africa, India, China, and the Philippines; casual in Greenland; accidental in Bermuda.] Gallinago delicata (ORD). Wilson's Snipe. [230.] Scolopax delicata ORD, Reprint of WILSON'S Orn., IX, 1825, ccxviii. (Pennsylvania.) RANGE. — North America and northern South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to northern California, southern Colo- rado, northern Iowa, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey; ORDER LIMICOLuE. Ill winters from northern California, New Mexico, Arkansas, and North Carolina through Central America and West Indies to Colombia and southern Brazil; remains in winter casually and locally north to Washington, Montana, Nebraska, Illinois, and Nova Scotia; acci- dental in Hawaii, Bermuda, and Great Britain. [Gallinago media (LATHAM). Great Snipe. [230.1.] Scolopax media LATHAM, Suppl. Gen. Synopsis, I, 1787, 292. (Lanca- shire, England.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from Prussia, Russia, and Siberia north to beyond latitude 71°; winters from the Mediterranean to South Africa; in migration from Great Britain to Persia; accidental in Canada.] GENUS MACRORHAMPHUS T. FORSTER. Macrorhamphus FORSTER, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 22. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax grisea GMELIN. Macrorhamphus griseus (GMELIN). RANGE. — North and South America. a. Macrorhamphus griseus griseus (GMELIN). Dowitcher. [231.] Scolopax grisea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 658. (Coast of New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North and South America. Breeding range unknown, but probably northern Ungava; winters from Florida and the West Indies south to northern Brazil; in migration regularly on the Atlantic coast, and occasionally in Illinois, Indiana, and Ontario; accidental in Greenland, Bermuda, Great Britain, and France. 6. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (SAY). Long-billed Dowitcher. [232.] Limosa scolopacea SAY, in LONG'S Exped., I, 1823, 170. (Near Boyer Creek [near Council Bluffs, Iowa].) RANGE. — Western North America and South America. Breeds from Point Barrow tc mouth of the Yukon, east to northwestern Mackenzie; winters from Louisiana, Florida, and Mexico south, probably to South America; in migra- tion most abundant in western Mississippi Valley; casual on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts southward and on the northern coast of eastern Siberia. 112 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS MICROPALAMA BAIRD. Micropalama BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 726. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa himantopus BONAPARTE. Micropalama himantopus (BONAPARTE). Stilt Sandpiper. [233.] Tringa himantopus BONAPARTE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., II, 1826, 157. (Long Branch, New Jersey.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds near the coast of Mackenzie and probably south to central Keewatin ; winters in South America south to Uruguay and Chile; casual in winter in southern Texas and Mexico ; in migration occurs in western Mississippi Valley, West Indies, and Central America; less common on the Atlantic coast, and casual in British Columbia, Newfoundland, and Bermuda. GENUS TRINGA LINN^US. Tringa LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. Type, by subs, desig., Tringa canutus LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Tringa canutus LINN^US. Knot. [234.] Tringa canutus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern and Southern hemispheres. Breeds from northern Ellesmere Land south to Melville Peninsula and Iceland, and also on Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia; winters south to southern Patagonia, and from the Mediterranean to South Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand; casual in winter on the Atlantic coast of United States; in migration occurs on the Atlantic coast of North America and over most of the Eastern Hemisphere; rare in the inte- rior of North America and on the Pacific coast. GENUS ARQUATELLA BAIRD. Arquatella BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 717. Type, by monotypy, Tringa maritima BRUNNICH. ORDER LIMICOL^. 113 Arquatella maritima (BRUNNICH). RANGE. — Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. Arquatella maritima maritima (BRUNNICH). Purple Sandpiper. [235.] Tringa maritima BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 54. (Christiansoe Island, and Norway.) RANGE. — Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Melville Island, Ellesmere Land, and northern Greenland south to Melville Peninsula, Cumberland Sound, and southern Greenland, and in Norway, Russia, Siberia, Iceland, and Faroe Islands; winters from southern Greenland and New Brunswick to Long Island; casual in migration to the Great Lakes, Georgia, Florida, and Bermuda, and in the Eastern Hemisphere south to Great Britain and the Mediterranean. b. Arquatella maritima couesi RIDGWAY. Aleutian Sandpiper. [235a.] Arquatella couesi RIDGWAY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 160. (Attu Island, Aleutian Islands.) RANGE. — Alaska. Breeds on the Commander, Aleutian, and Shumagin islands; winters on Commander, Kuril, Kadiak, and Aleutian islands, and Alaska coast south to Sitka; in migration occurs on Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, and at Plover Bay, Siberia. c. Arquatella maritima ptilocne*mis (COUES). Pribilof Sandpiper. [2355.] Tringa ptilocnemis COUES, in ELLIOT, Rep. Seal Isl. Alaska, 1873 (not paged). (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands.) RANGE. — Alaska. Breeds on St. Lawrence, St. Matthew, and Pribilof islands; winters on coast of southeastern Alaska near Lynn Canal; wanders in migration north to Norton Sound and southwest to Unalaska. GENUS PISOBIA BILLBERG. Pisobia BILLBERG, Syn. Faunae Scand., I, ii, 1828, 136. Type, by subs, desig., Tringa minuta LEISLER (A. O. U. Comm., 1908). Pisobia aurita (LATHAM). Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. [238.] Tringa aurita LATHAM, Suppl. Index Orn., 1801, Ixvi. (New South Wales.) RANGE. — Eastern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds on the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia; winters in Japan and south to New 114 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Guinea, the Bismark Archipelago, Tonga Islands, Australia, and New Zealand; in fall migration occurs on Kotzebue and Norton sounds, Pribilof, Unalaska, and Queen Charlotte islands; accidental in Hawaii and Great Britain. Pisobia maculata (VIEILLOT). Pectoral Sandpiper. [239.] Tringa maculata VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 465. (Antilles, or southern United States.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds on the Arctic coast from northern Alaska to mouth of Yukon and northeastern Mackenzie ; winters in South America from Peru and Bolivia to northern Chile, Argentina, and central Patagonia; in migration very rare on Pacific coast south of British Columbia, except in Lower California; common in fall migration in Mississippi Valley and on the Atlantic coast, rare in spring; casual in northeastern Siberia, Unalaska, and Greenland; accidental in Hawaii and England. Pisobia fuscic611is (VIEILLOT). White-rumped Sandpiper. [240.] Tringa fusdcollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 461. (Paraguay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from northwestern Mackenzie to Cumberland Island; has occurred in summer west to Point Barrow and east to Greenland; winters from Paraguay to southern Patagonia and the Falkland Islands; in migra- tion most abundant in the Mississippi Valley, less so on the Atlantic coast; casual in Bermuda, Great Britain, the West Indies, and Central America. Pisobia bairdi (COUES). Baird's Sandpiper. [241.] Actodromas bairdii COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 194. (Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, Canada.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from Point Barrow to northern Keewatin; winters in Chile, Argentina, and Patagonia; occurs regularly in migration from the Rocky Moun- tains to the Mississippi River, and in Central America and northern South America, and irregularly in autumn on the Pacific coast from ORDER LIMICOL.E. 115 Alaska to Lower California and on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to New Jersey; casual in summer in Guerrero, Mexico; accidental in England and South Africa. Pisobia minutilla (VIEILLOT). Least Sandpiper. [242.] Tringa minutilla VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 466. (Nova Scotia to the Antilles.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, southern Arctic islands, and northern Ungava to Yakutat Bay, Alaska, valley of the Upper Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, Nova Scotia, and Sable Island; winters from California, Texas, and North Carolina through the West Indies and Central America to Brazil, Chile, and the Galapagos; in migra- tion occurs throughout the United States and west to northeastern Siberia and the Commander Islands, north to Greenland, and in Bermuda; accidental in Europe. [Pisobia damacensis (HORSFIELD). Long-toed Stint. [242.1.] Totanus damacensis HORSFIELD, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, Pt. i, 1821, 192. (Java.) RANGE. — Eastern Asia to Australia. Breeds in eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and Kuril Islands; winters in India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, and Australia; accidental on Otter Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.] GENUS PELIDNA CUVIER. Pelidna CUVIER, Regne Animal, I, 1817, 490, Type, by subs, desig., Tringa cinclus LINN^US, 1766 = Tringa alpina LINNAEUS, 1758 (Gray, 1840). Pelidna alpina (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Breeds in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter to the shores of the Mediterranean and Red seas, the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Lower California. 116 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [a. Pelidna alpina alpina (LINNJEUS). Dunlin. [243.] Tringa alpina LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. ("Lapponia.") RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Scotland, Iceland, Russia, and Siberia north to latitude 74°; winters from Great Britain, Holland, and the Caspian Sea to northern Africa and Calcutta; accidental in eastern North America (Massachusetts, New York, and District of Columbia).] 6. Pelidna alpina sakhalina (VIEILLOT). Red-backed Sandpiper. [243a.] Scolopax sakhalina VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., Ill, 1816, 359. (Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea.) RANGE. — North America and eastern Asia. Breeds on the northern coast of Siberia west to mouth of the Yenisei, and from Point Barrow to mouth of Yukon, and in Boothia and Melville peninsulas, and northern Ungava; win- ters on the Pacific coast from Washington to southern Lower California and from New Jersey (rarely Massachusetts) south to Louisiana and southern Texas, and in Asia from China and Japan to the Malay Archipelago; rare in migration in the interior of the United States except about the southern end of Lake Michigan. GENUS EROLIA VIEILLOT. Erolia VIEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 55. Type, by monotypy, Erolia varie- gata VIEILLOT = Tringa ferruginea BRUNNICH. Erolia ferruginea (BRUNNICH). Curlew Sandpiper. [244.] Tringa ferruginea BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 53. (Iceland and Christiansoe Island.) RANGE. — Chiefly Eastern Hemisphere; occasional in North and South America. Breeds in the Yenisei delta and on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia; winters in Africa, India, Malay Archipelago, and Australia; in migration occurs from Great Britain to China and the Philippines; occasional in North America: Alaska (Point Barrow), Ontario, Nova Scotia, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, and in the West Indies and Patagonia. ORDER LIMICOI^E. 117 [GENUS EURYNORHYNCHUS NILSSON. Eurynorhynchus NILSSON, Orn. Suecica, II, 1821, 29. Type, by mono- typy, Eurynorhynchus griseus NILSSON = Platalea pygmea LINN.EUS. Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (LiNN^us). Spoon-bill Sandpiper. [245.] Platalea pygmea LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. ("Suri- nami." = eastern Asia.) RANGE. — Eastern Asia. Summers and presumably breeds in northeastern Siberia; winters in southern and southeastern Asia; casual on Choris Peninsula, Alaska.] GENUS EREUNETES ILLIGER. Ereunetes ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 262. Type, by monotypy, Ere- unetes petrificatus ILLIGER = Tringa pusilla LINNAEUS. Ereunetes pusillus (LINNAEUS). Semipalmated Sandpiper. [246.] Tringa pusilla LINN.GUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 252. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from the Arctic coast of North America south to mouth of Yukon and to southern Ungava; winters from Texas and South Carolina through West Indies and Central America to Patagonia; migrates mainly east of the Rocky Mountains; casual in British Columbia, Pribilof Islands, and north- eastern Siberia; accidental in Europe. Ereunetes mauri CABANIS. Western Sandpiper. [247.] Ereunetes mauri CABANIS, Journ. fur Orn., 1856, 419. (Cuba.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds along the Alaska coast from Kotzebue Sound to mouth of Yukon; winters from North Carolina to Florida, and from southern Lower California to Vene- zuela; in migration occurs mainly west of the Rocky Mountains, but also on the Atlantic coast as far north as Massachusetts and in the West Indies. 118 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS CALIDRIS ILLIGER. Calidris ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 249. Type, by monotypy, Char- adrius calidris LINN^US = Tringa leucophasa PALLAS. Calidris leucophaea (PALLAS). Sanderling. [248.] Tringa leucophcea PALLAS, in Vroeg's Catal., 1764, 32. (North coast of Holland.) RANGE. — Northern and Southern hemispheres. Breeds from Mel- ville Island, Ellesmere Land, and northern Greenland to Point Bar- row, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Iceland, and in northern Siberia; winters from central California, Texas, Virginia, and Bermuda to Patagonia, and casually to Massachusetts and Washington; also from the Mediterranean, Burma, and Japan to South Africa and various Pacific islands, including Hawaii. GENUS LIMOSA BRISSON. Limosa BRISSON, On., V, 1760, 261. Type, by tautonymy, [Limosa] limosa BRISSON = Scolopax limosa LINNAEUS. Limosa fedoa (LINNJEUS). Marbled Godwit. [249.] Scolopax fedoa LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 146. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from valley of the Saskatchewan south to North Dakota (formerly to Iowa and Wisconsin) ; winters from southern Lower California, Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia to Guate- mala and Belize; casual in California in winter; in migration occurs on the Pacific coast north to British Columbia, and on the Atlantic coast to the Maritime Provinces (formerly) and south to the Lesser Antilles; accidental in Alaska. Limosa lapponica (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Arctic Europe and Asia, south in winter to northern Africa, Malay Archipelago, Australia, and New Zealand. ORDER LIMICOL^E. 119 a. [Limosa lapponica lapponica. Extralimital.] 6. Limosa lapponica baueri NAUMANN. Pacific Godwit. [250.] Limosa baueri NAUMANN, Naturg. Vogel Deutschl., VIII, 1836, 429. (Australia.) RANGE. — Eastern Asia to New Zealand. Breeds in eastern Siberia and Kamchatka and in western Alaska from Kotzebue Sound to Unalaska; winters in the Malay Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand and Oceanica; migrates through China, Japan, and the Philippines; casual in migration north to Point Barrow; accidental in Hawaii and Lower California. Limosa hsemastica (LINNAEUS). Hudsonian Godwit. [251.] Scolopax hcemastica LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from the lower Anderson River southeast to central Keewatin; winters in Argentina, Patagonia, and the Falkland Islands; in migration occurs principally east of the Great Plains, most commonly on the Atlantic coast in autumn and in the Mississippi Valley in spring; casual in Alaska. [Limosa limosa (LINNJEUS). Black-tailed Godwit. [252.] Scolopax limosa LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern parts of the Old World. Breeds from at least as far north as the Arctic Circle to Iceland, Holland, Russia, and Siberia; winters in the Mediterranean region; accidental in Green- land.] [GENUS GLOTTIS KOCH. Glottis KOCH, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 304. Type, by tautonymy, Totanus glottis BECHSTEIN = Scolopax nebularia GUNNERUS. Glottis nebularia (GUNNERUS). Green-shank. [253.] Scolopax nebularia GUNNERUS, in LEEM, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 251 (note). (District of Trondhjem, Norway.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; winters from the Mediterranean and China to Australia and southern Africa; accidental in Florida.] 120 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS TOTANUS BECHSTEIN. Totanus BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. DeutschL, II, 1803, 282. Type, by tautonymy, Totanus maculatus BECHSTEIN = Scolopax totanus LlNN/EUS. Totanus melanoleucus (GMELIN). Greater Yellow-legs. [254.] Scolopax melanoleuca GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (Chateau Bay, Labrador.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Lake Iliamna, Alaska, and southern Mackenzie to southern British Columbia, Ungava, Labrador, and Anticosti Island; winters from southern California, Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia (casually North Carolina) south to Patagonia; occurs in Bermuda in migration. Totanus flavipes (GMELIN). Yellow-legs. [255.] Scolopax flavipes GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (New York.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava to the valley of the Upper Yukon, southern Saskatchewan, and northern Quebec; winters in Argentina, Chile, and Patagonia, and casually in Mexico, Florida, and the Bahamas; in migration occurs mainly east of Rocky Mountains (rare in spring on the Atlantic coast) and in the Pribilof Islands, Greenland, and Bermuda; acci- dental in Great Britain. GENUS HELODROMAS KAUP. Helodromas KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 144. Type, by monotypy, Tringa ocrophus LINNJEUS. Helddromas solitarius (WILSON). RANGE. — Northern North America, south in winter to southern South America. ORDER LIMICOL^E. 121 a. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (WILSON). Solitary Sandpiper. [256.] Tringa solitaria WILSON, Amer. Orn., VII, 1813, 53, pi. 58, fig. 3. (Prob- ably Pennsylvania.) RANGE. — North and South America. Summers from central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; probably breeds regularly in the northern part of its range, locally and casually in the southern part; winters from the West Indies to Argentina; recorded from Greenland, Bermuda, and Great Britain. b. Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus (BREWSTER). Western Solitary Sandpiper. [256o.] Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus BREWSTER, Auk, VII, Oct., 1890, 377. (San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California.) RANGE. — Western North and South America. Summers from Kotzebue Sound and Great Bear Lake south to Washington and Colorado, but probably breeds only casually in the United States; winter home unknown, probably in northern South America. [Helodromas dcrophus (LiNN^us). Green Sandpiper. [257.] Tringa ocrophus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in the northern parts of Europe and Asia; winters from southern Europe and China to Africa and the Malay Archipelago; accidental in Nova Scotia.] [GENUS RHYACOPHILUS KAUP. Rhyacophilus KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 140. Type, by subs, desig., Tringa glareola LINNAEUS (Gray, 1842). Rhyacophiius glareola (LiNN^us). Wood Sandpiper. [257.1.] Tringa glareola LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Europe and northern Asia; south in winter to Africa, India, the Malay region, and Austra- lia; accidental in Alaska.] 122 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS CATOPTROPHORUS BONAPARTE. Catoptrophorus BONAPARTE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., II, 1827, 323. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax semipalmata GMELIN. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (GMELIN). RANGE. — Temperate North America, south in winter to South America. a. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (GMELIN). Willet. [258.] Scolopax semipalmata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (New York.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Virginia (formerly Nova Scotia) south to Florida and the Bahamas; winters from the Bahamas to Brazil and Peru; accidental in Bermuda and Europe. I. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (BKEWSTER). Western Willet. [258a.] Symphemia semipalmata inornata BREWSTER, Auk, IV, April, 1887, 145. (Larimer Co., Colorado.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from central Oregon, southern Alberta, and southern Manitoba south to northern California, central Colorado, southern South Dakota, and northern Iowa, and on the coasts of Texas and Louisiana; winters from central California, Texas, Louisiana, and Gulf coast of Florida to Mexico (Lower California, Tepic, and Guerrero) ; in fall migration occurs in British Columbia and on the Atlantic coast from New England south. GENUS HETERACTITIS STEJNEGER. Heteractitis STEJNEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 236. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax incamis GMELIN. Heteractitis incanus (GMELIN). Wandering Tattler. [259.] Scolopax incanus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 658. (Eimeo [or Moorea] Island, Society group, and Palmerston Island, Pacific Ocean.) RANGE. — Coasts and islands of the Pacific, interior Alaska, and Yukon Territory. Breeds from south central Alaska (Mt. McKinley) to east central Yukon (Macmillan River) and south to Prince William Sound; occurs west to Norton Sound and northern Siberia; winters ORDER LIMICOIwE. 123 from Lower California to the Galapagos, in Hawaii and Oceanica; east in migration to Crater Lake, Oregon. [GENUS MACHETES CUVIER. Machetes CUVIER, Regne Animal, I, 1817, 490. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa pugnax LINN^US. Machetes pugnax (LINNAEUS). Ruff. [260.] Tringa pugnax LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 148. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic coast south to Great Britain, Holland, Russia, and Siberia; winters throughout Africa, India, and Burma; strays occasionally to the Western Hemi- sphere, from Ontario and Greenland south to Indiana, North Caro- lina, Barbados, and northern South America.] GENUS BARTRAMIA LESSON. Bartramia LESSON, TraitS d'Orn., 1831, 553. Type, by monotypy, Bartramia laticauda LESSON = Tringa longicauda BECHSTEIN. Bartramia longicauda (BECHSTEIN). Upland Plover. [261.] Tringa longicauda BECHSTEIN, in LATHAM, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, IV, ii, 1812, 453. (North America.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Wisconsin, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and southern Maine to south- ern Oregon, northern Utah, central Oklahoma, southern Missouri, southern Indiana, and northern Virginia; winters on the pampas of South America to Argentina ; in migration occurs north to Newfound- land and in Europe; accidental in Australia. GENUS TRYNGITES CABANIS. Tryngites CABANIS, Journ. fur On., 1856, 418. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa rufescens VIEILLOT = Tringa subruficollis VIEILLOT. 124 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Tryngites subruficollis (VIEILLOT). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. [262.] Tringa mbruficollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 465. (Paraguay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from northern Alaska to northern Keewatin; winters in Argen- tina and Uruguay; most abundant in migration in the Mississippi Valley; occasional on the Atlantic coast in fall; casual on the Pacific coast north to St. Michael, Alaska, and to northeastern Siberia; straggles to Bermuda and frequently to western Europe. GENUS ACTITIS ILLIGER. Actitis ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 262. Type, by subs, desig., Tringa hypoleucos LINNAEUS (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). Actitis macularia (LINNAEUS). Spotted Sandpiper. [263.] Tringa macularia LINNJEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 249. (Pennsyl- vania.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern California, Arizona, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and northern South Carolina; winters from California, Louisiana, and South Carolina to southern Brazil and central Peru; straggles to Great Britain and Helgoland. GENUS NUMENIUS BRISSON. Numenius BRISSON, Orn., V, 1760, 311. Type, by tautonymy, [Numen- ius] numenius BRISSON = Scolopax arquata LINNAEUS. Numenius americ&nus BECHSTEIN. Long-billed Curlew. [264.] Numenius americanus BECHSTEIN, in LATHAM, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, IV, ii, 1812, 432. (New York.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to northeastern California, ORDER LIMICOL^E. 125 northern New Mexico, and northwestern Texas ; winters from central California and southern Arizona south to Guatemala, and on the Atlantic coast from South Carolina to Florida, Louisiana, and Texas; formerly a regular migrant north to Massachusetts and rarely to New- foundland, now a straggler east of the Mississippi, north of Florida; casual in the West Indies. Numenius hudsonicus LATHAM. Hudsonian Curlew. [265.] Numenius htidsonicus LATHAM, Index Orn., II, 1790, 712. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds on the coast of Alaska from mouth of Yukon to Kotzebue Sound, and on the coast of north- ern Mackenzie; winters from Lower California to southern Honduras, from Ecuador to southern Chile, and from British Guiana to mouth of the Amazon; migrates mainly along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts; rare in the interior; casual on the Pribilof Islands and in Greenland and Bermuda; accidental in Spain. Numenius bore alls (J. R. FORSTER). Eskimo Curlew. [266.] Scolopax borealis FORSTER, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 431. (Fort Albany, Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds on the Barren Grounds of northern Mackenzie; winters in Argentina and Patago- nia; now nearly extinct. [Numenius phseopus (LINNAEUS). Whimbrel. [267.] Scolopax phceopus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 146. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Iceland, northern Scandinavia, and Russia north to the Arctic Circle; winters in Africa and India; occasional in Greenland; one record for Nova Scotia.] Numenius tahitiensis (GMELIN). Bristle-thighed Curlew. [268.] Scolopax tahitiensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 656. (Tahiti, Society Islands.) RANGE. — Alaska and Pacific islands. Breeding range unknown; has been taken in summer in western Alaska from Kowak River to 126 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Kenai Peninsula; also on Laysan and Phoenix islands; winters on islands of the South Pacific from Hawaii to New Caledonia. FAMILY GHARADRIIDJE. PLOVERS. GENUS VANELLUS BRISSON. Vanellus BRISSON, Orn., V, 1760, 94. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa vanettus LINNAEUS. VanSllus vangllus (LINNAEUS). Lapwing. [269.] Tringa vanettus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic Circle south to central Europe and China; winters south to northern Africa and India; casual in Greenland, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Long Island, New York, the Bahamas, and Barbados. [GENUS EUDROMIAS BREHM. Eudromias C. L. BREHM, Isis, XXIII, 1830, 987. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius morinettus LINNAEUS. Eudrdmias morinellus (LINNAEUS). Dotterel. [269.1.] Charadrius morinettus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in the Alps, Great Britain, Scandinavia, and Siberia; winters in southern Europe and northern Africa; accidental on King Island, Alaska, and in Japan.] GENUS SQUATAROLA CUVIER. Squatarola CUVIER, Regne Animal, I, 1817, 467. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa squatarola LINN^US. Squatarola squatarola (LiNN^us). Black-bellied Plover. [270.] Tringa squatarola LINN^SUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) ORDER LIMICOI^E. 127 RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds on the Arctic coast from Point Barrow to Boothia and Melville peninsulas, and also on the Arctic coast of Russia and Siberia; winters from the Mediterranean to South Africa, in India and Australia, and from California, Louisi- ana, and North Carolina to Brazil and Peru; in migration occurs throughout the United States and in Greenland and Bermuda; acci- dental in Hawaii. GENUS CHARADRIUS LINN^US. Charadrius LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. Type, by subs, desig., Charadrius pluvialis LINN^JUS = Charadrius apricarius LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). [Char£drius apricarius LINNAEUS. European Golden Plover. [271.] Charadrius apricarius LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 150. (Oland Island, Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of the Old World. Breeds from Great Britain and central Europe to Iceland, Norway, and northwestern Siberia; winters south to northern Africa and southern Asia; casual in Greenland.] Charadrius dominicus (MULLER). RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in the Arctic regions; in winter south to the southern part of the Southern Hemisphere. a. Charadrius dominicus dominicus (MULLER). Golden Plover. [272.] Charadrius dominicus MULLER, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 116. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound along the Arctic coast to mouth of the Mackenzie, and from Melville Island, Welling- ton Channel, and Melville Peninsula south to northwestern Hudson Bay; winters on the pampas of Brazil and Argentina; migrates south across the Atlantic from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; a few pass south through the Mississippi Valley, and all migrate north by this route ; in migration to Cali- fornia, Greenland, and Bermuda ; formerly abundant, now becoming rare. 6. Charadrius dominicus fulvus GMELIN. Pacific Golden Plover. [272a.] Charadrius fulvus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 687. (Tahiti, Society Islands.) 128 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Eastern Asia and Alaska to New Zealand. Breeds in northern Siberia from Liakof Island to Bering Strait, and in Alaska along the coast of Bering Sea; winters in the Hawaiian Islands, China, Oceanica, New Zealand, and Australia. GENUS OXYECHUS REICHENBACH. Oxyechus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xviii. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius vodferus LINN^US. Oxyechus vociferus (LINNAEUS). Killdeer. [273.] Charadrius vociferus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 150. (Virginia and Carolina.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and central Quebec south to the Gulf coast and central Mexico; winters from California, Arizona, Texas, Indiana, New Jersey, and Bermuda south to Vene- zuela and Peru; casual in Newfoundland, Paraguay, and Chile; acci- dental in Great Britain. GENUS ^EGIALITIS BOIE. BOIE, Isis, X, 1822, 558. Type, by subs, desig., Charadrius hiaticula LINN^US (Gray, 1855). ^Egialitis semipalmata (BONAPARTE). Semipalmated Plover. [274.] Charadrius semipalmatus BONAPARTE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, 98. (Coast of New Jersey.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Melville Island, Wellington Channel, and Cumberland Sound to the valley of the Upper Yukon, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and Gulf of St. Lawrence; winters from southern Lower California, Louisiana, and South Carolina to Patagonia, Chile, and the Galapagos; casual in Siberia, Greenland, and Bermuda. -fflgialitis hiaticula (LiNN^us). Ringed Plover. [275.] Charadrius hiaticula LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 150. (Sweden.) ORDER LIMICOI^E. 129 . RANGE. — Eastern Arctic America and Old World. Breeds from central Europe and Turkestan to Siberia, Spitzbergen, Iceland, Greenland, and Cumberland Sound; winters on shores of the Medi- terranean and throughout Africa; accidental in Barbados, Chile, India, and Australia. [-fflgialitis dubia (SCOPOLI). Little Ringed Plover. [276.] Charadrius (dubius) SCOPOLI, Del. Florae et Faunae Insubr., II, 1786, 93. (Luzon Island, Philippines.) RANGE. — Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from southern Europe, central Asia, and Japan to northern Siberia and Europe; winters south to central Africa, India, and the Malay Archipelago; accidental in Alaska and California.] -fflgialitis meloda (ORD). Piping Plover. [277.] Charadrius melodus ORD, Reprint of WILSON'S Orn., VII, 1842, 71. (Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds locally from southern Saskatchewan, southern Ontario, Magdalen Islands, and Nova Scotia south to central Nebraska, northwestern Indiana, Lake Erie, New Jersey (formerly), and Virginia; winters on the coast of the United States from Texas to Georgia, and in northern Mexico; casual in migration to Newfoundland, the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Bermuda. JEgialitis nivosa CASSIN. Snowy Plover. [278.] sEgialitis nivosa CASSIN, in BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 696. (Presidio, near San Francisco, California.) RANGE. — Western United States to South America. Breeds from central California, northern Utah, and southern Kansas south to northern Lower California and southern Texas ; winters from southern California and Texas south along both coasts of Central America, and on the west coast to Chile ; casual in Oregon, Wyoming, Ontario, Louisiana, Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil. [.fflgialitis mongola (PALLAS). Mongolian Plover. [279.] Charadrius mongolus PALLAS, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 700. (Kul- ussutai, probably on the Onon River, Siberia.) 130 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Eastern Asia to Australia. Breeds in northeastern Siberia and the Commander Islands; winters from the Philippines to Austra- lia; accidental on Choris Peninsula, Alaska.] GENUS OCHTHODROMUS REICHENBACH. Ochthodromus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xviii. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius wilsonia ORD. Ochth6dronms wilsdnius (ORD). Wilson's Plover. [280.] Charadrius wilsonia ORD, in WILSON, Amer. Orn., IX, 1814, 77, pi. 73, fig. 5. ("Shore of Cape Island," New Jersey.) RANGE. — Southern North America. Breeds from Texas eastward along the Gulf coast, and from southeastern Virginia (formerly New Jersey) south to the northern Bahamas; winters from southern Lower California, Texas, and Florida south to southern Guatemala and probably to the West Indies; casual in Nova Scotia and New Eng- land, and at San Diego, California. GENUS PODASOCYS COUES. Podasocys COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 96. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius montanus TOWNSEND. Podasocys montanus (J. K. TOWNSEND). Mountain Plover. [281.] Charadrius montanus TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 192. (Central tableland of Rocky Mountains, near Sweetwater River, Wyoming.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from northern Mon- tana and western Nebraska south to northern New Mexico and north- western Texas; winters from northern California and southern Texas to southern Lower California and central Mexico; accidental in Florida. ORDER LIMICOL.E. 131 FAMILY APHRIZIDJE. SURF-BIRDS AND TURNSTONES. SUBFAMILY APHRIZIN.S. SURF-BIRDS. I GENUS APHRIZA AUDUBON. Aphriza AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 249. Type, by mouotypy, Aphriza townsendi AUDUBON = Tringa virgata GMELIN. Aphriza virgata (GMELIN). Surf -bird. [282.] Tringa virgata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 674. ("Sandwich Sound" = Prince William Sound, Alaska.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North and South America. Breeding range unknown, but probably in the interior of northwestern Alaska; winters in Chile to Straits of Magellan; occurs in migration from Kowak River, Alaska, to southern South America. SUBFAMILY ARENARIINJE. TURNSTONES. GENUS ARE N ARIA BRISSON. Arenaria BRISSON, Orn., V, 1760, 132. Type, by tautonymy, [Arenaria] arenaria BRISSON = Tringa interpres LINN^US. Arenaria interpres (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Nearly cosmopolitan. a. Arenaria interpres interpres (LINNAEUS). Turnstone. [283.] Tringa interpres LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Islands of Gothland, Sweden.) RANGE. — Old World. Breeds in western Alaska from Point Barrow to the Yukon delta, and in western Greenland, Scandinavia, northern Russia, Siberia, and Japan; winters on the coasts of Europe and Asia to south Africa, Australia, and Oceanica. b. Arenaria interpres morinella (LINNAEUS). Ruddy Turnstone. [283o.] Tringa morinella LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 249. (Coast of Florida.) I 132 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds on Arctic shores from Mackenzie River east, probably to Melville Peninsula, and north to Melville Island; winters from central California, Texas, Louisiana, and South Caro- lina to southern Brazil and central Chile. Arenaria melanocSphala (VIGORS). Black Turnstone. [284.] Strepsilas melanocephalus VIGORS, Zool. Journ., IV, Jan., 1829, 356. (Northwest coast of North America.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to valley of Lower Yukon; winters from British Columbia south to Santa Margarita Island, Lower California; casual north to Point Barrow, Alaska, and to northeastern Siberia; accidental in India. FAMILY HJEMATOPODIDJE. OYSTER-CATCHERS. GENUS HJEMATOPUS LINN^US. Hcematopus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. Type, by mon- otypy, Hcematopus ostralegus LINNAEUS. [HaBmatopus ostralegus LINN^US. European Oyster-catcher. [285.] Hcematopus ostralegus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 152. ("Olan- dise & Gotlandiae.") RANGE. — Europe, Africa, and India. Breeds from the Arctic Circle to the coasts of Europe, the Black Sea, and Turkestan; winters southward to the coasts of central Africa and India; occasional in Greenland.] Haematopus palliatus TEMMINCK. Oyster-catcher. [286.] Hcematopus palliatus TEMMINCK, Manuel d'Orn., ed. 2, II, 1820, 532. (South America.) RANGE. — Coasts of North and South America from Texas, Louis- iana, and Virginia (formerly New Jersey) south on both coasts of Mexico to the West Indies, southern Brazil, and central Chile; cas- ual north to New Brunswick. Breeds probably throughout its range. ORDER LIMICOLuE. 133 Haematopus frazari BREWSTER. Frazar's Oyster-catcher. [286.1.] H cematopus frazari BREWSTER, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 84. (Carmen Island, Gulf of California.) RANGE. — Both coasts of Lower California, rarely north to Ventura County, California ; casual on the coast of northwestern Mexico. Haematopus bachmani AUDUBON. Black Oyster-catcher. [287.] Hoematopus bachmanii AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pi. 427, fig. 1. (Mouth of Columbia River.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound, Alaska, west throughout Aleutian Islands and south to central Lower California; winters from southern British Columbia to Lower California. FAMILY JACANIDJE. JACANAS. GENUS JACANA BRISSON. Jacana BRISSON, Orn., V, 1760, 121. Type, by tautonymy, [Jacana] jacana BRISSON = Parra jacana LINNAEUS. SUBGENUS ASARCIA SHARPE. Asarcia SHARPS, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 86. Type, by monotypy, Parra variabilis LINN^SUS = Fulica spinosa LINNAEUS. Jacana spindsa (Lixx.Eus). Mexican Jacana. [288.] Fulica spinosa LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. (Cartagena, Colombia.) RANGE. — Rio Grande Valley, Texas, southern Florida, and the Greater Antilles to Mazatlan, Mexico, and Panama. 134 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER GALLING. GALLINACEOUS BIRDS. SUBORDER PHASIANI. PHEASANTS, GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, QUAILS, ETC. FAMILY ODONTOPHORIDJE. BOB-WHITES, QUAILS, ETC. GENUS COLINUS GOLDFUSS. Colinus GOLDFUSS, Handbuch ZooL, II, 1820, 220. Type, by monotypy, " Perdix mexicanus, Caille de la Louisiana, PL Enl. 149" = Tetrao virginianus LINNAEUS. Colinus virginianus (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Eastern North America from South Dakota and southern Maine to Florida, the Gulf coast, Texas, and eastern Mexico. a. Colinus virginianus virginianus (LINN^US). Bob-white. [289.] Tetrao virginianus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 161. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran and southern half of Transition zones of eastern North America from South Dakota, southern Minnesota, southern Ontario, and southwestern Maine south to eastern and northern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida west to eastern Colorado; introduced in central Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, California, Oregon, and Washington. 6. Colinus virginianus floridanus (CouEs). Florida Bob-white. [289a.] Ortyx virginianus var. floridanus COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 237. (Enterprise, Volusia Co., Florida.) RANGE. — Florida, except extreme northern part. c. Colinus virginianus texanus (LAWRENCE). Texas Bob-white. [289&.] Ortyx texanus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1853, 1. (Near Ringgold Barracks, Texas.) RANGE. — Southeastern corner of New Mexico to southern Texas, and south through northeastern Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to central Tamaulipas. ORDER GALLING. 135 Colinus ridgwayi BREWSTER. Masked Bob-white. [291.] Colinus ridgwayi BREWSTER, Auk, II, April, 1885, 199. (18 miles south- west of Sasabe, which is 50 miles west of Nogales, Sonora, Mexico.) RANGE. — Middle part of southern border of Arizona south to central northern Sonora. GENUS OREORTYX BAIRD. Oreortyx BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 642. Type, by orig. desig., Ortyx picta DOUGLAS. Oreortyx picta (DOUGLAS). RANGE. — Western Oregon, California, and northern Lower Cali- fornia. a. Oreortyx picta picta (DOUGLAS). Mountain Quail. [292.] Ortyx picta DOUGLAS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 143. (Interior of California.) RANGE. — Humid Transition Zone strip of the Pacific coast from southwest- ern Washington south to Monterey County, California; introduced on Van- couver Island. b. Oreortyx picta plumifera (GOULD). Plumed Quail. [292a.] Ortyx plumifera GOULD, Icones Avium, Pt. I, Aug., 1837, pi. 9. (Cali- fornia.) RANGE. — Semi-arid Transition Zone from west side of Cascade Range in northwestern Oregon south through the Sierra and eastern Coast Ranges of California to Inyo and Ventura counties, and east to extreme western Nevada. c. Oreortyx picta confinis ANTHONY. San Pedro Quail. [2926.] Oreortyx pictus confinis ANTHONY, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., II, Oct. 11, 1889, 74. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, at 8500 feet, Lower Cali- fornia.) RANGE. — San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, southern California, south to Hansen Laguna and San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. GENUS CALLIPEPLA WAGLER. Callipepla WAGLER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 277. Type, by monotypy, Catti- pepla strenua WAGLER = Ortyx squamatus VIGORS. 136 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Callipepla squamata (VIGORS). RANGE. — Southern border of the United States south to the Valley of Mexico. a. Callipepla squamata squamata (VIGORS). Scaled Quail. [293.] Ortyx squamatus VIGORS, Zool. Journ., V, 1830, 275. (Dry interior of Mexico.) RANGE. — Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from central Arizona to western Texas, north to southern Colorado and over most of the Panhandle of Texas, east nearly to central Texas, and south to the Valley of Mexico. b. Callipepla squamata castanog&stris BREWSTER. Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail. [293a.] Callipepla squamata castanogastris BREWSTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VIII, Jan., 1883, 34. (Rio Grande City, Texas.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran Zone of southern Texas, from Eagle Pass and San Antonio south to northern parts of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. GENUS LOPHORTTZ BONAPARTE. Lophortyx BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 42. Type, by subs, desig., Tetrao calif ornicus SHAW (Gray, 1840). Lophdrtyx calif6rnica (SHAW). RANGE. — Pacific coast region from Oregon south to southern Lower California. a. Lophortyx calif ornica calif ornica (SHAW). California Quail. [294.] Tetrao California^ SHAW, Nat. Misc., IX, 1798, pi. 345. (California [San Francisco or Monterey?].) RANGE. — Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of Pacific coast region from southwestern Oregon south to Monterey County, California; introduced into Vancouver Island, Washington, and Colorado. b. Lophortyx califomica valllcola (RIDGWAT). Valley Quail. [294a.] Callipepla californica vatticola RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 355. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.) ORDER CALLING. 137 RANGE. — Subarid Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from the Klamath Lake region, Oregon, south throughout California (except humid coast strip and eastern desert region) to Cape San Lucas, Lower California, and east to mountains of western Nevada Lophortyx gambeli GAMBEL. Gambel's Quail. [295.] Lophortyx gambelii "NUTTALL" GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1843, 260. (" Some distance west [= east] of California " [= southern Nevada].) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran desert region of southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, and southwestern Utah, east to the south- western corner of Colorado, and also in southwestern New Mexico to the Rio Grande Valley and the El Paso region of extreme western Texas, and south into northeastern corner of Lower California and to Guaymas, Sonora. GENUS CYRTONYX GOULD. Cyrtonyx GOULD, Monogr. Odontoph., Pt. I, 1844, pi. vii. Type, by subs, desig., Ortyx massena LESSON = 0. montezumce VIGORS (Gray, 1855). ^ Cyrtonyx montezumee (VIGORS). RANGE. — Central Texas, central New Mexico, and central Arizona south to northern Mexico. a. [Cyrtonyx montezumse montezumee. Extralimital.] 6. Cyrtonyx montezumse mearnsi NELSON. Mearn's Quail. [296.] Cyrtonyx mordezumce mearnsi NELSON, Auk, XVII, July, 1900, 255. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) RANGE. — Arid Upper Sonoran and Transition zones from central Arizona and central New Mexico east to central Texas, and south to the mountains of northern Coahuila, Chihuahua, and eastern Sonora. FAMILY TETRAONIDJE. GROUSE, SPRUCE PARTRIDGES, PTARMIGANS, ETC. GENUS DENDRAGAPUS ELLIOT. Dendragapus ELLIOT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 23. Type, by subs, desig., Tetrao obscurus SAY (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 1874). 138 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Dendragapus obscurus (SAY). RANGE. — Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions from the upper Yukon and upper Mackenzie rivers south to the mountains of Cali- fornia and central Arizona. a. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (SAY). Dusky Grouse. [297.] Tetrao obscurus SAY, in LONG'S Exped., II, 1823, 14 (note) . (Near " Defile Creek," about 20 miles north of Colorado Springs, Colorado.) RANGE. — Rocky Mountains from northern Utah and northern Colorado to central western New Mexico and central Arizona, and west to East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. 6. Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (RIDGWAY). Sooty Grouse. [297a.] Canace obscura var. fuliginosa RIDGWAY, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 199. (Cascade Mountains, at foot of Mt. Hood, Oregon.) RANGE. — Northwest coast mountains from Alaska and southern Yukon to Oregon. c. Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni (DOUGLAS). Richardson's Grouse. [2976.] Tetrao richardsonii DOUGLAS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 141. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52° N., Long. 115° W.; more numerous in Columbia River region, Lat. 48° N., Long. 118° W.) RANGE. — Rocky Mountains from southwestern Mackenzie to eastern Oregon, Montana, and Wyoming. d. Dendragapus obscurus sie"rr» CHAPMAN. Sierra Grouse. [297c.] Dendragapus obscurus sierrce CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XX, April 25, 1904, 159. (Echo, El Dorado Co., California.) RANGE. — Fort Klamath, Oregon, south through the mountains of California to Mount Pinos (near Tejon). GENUS GANAGHITES STEJNEGER. Canachites STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 410. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao canadensis LINN^US. Canachites canadensis (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Wooded regions of Canada and Alaska south to northern border of the United States. ORDER GALLINvE. 139 a. Canachites canadensis canadensis (LINN.KUS). Hudsonian Spruce Partridge. [298.] Tetrao canadensis LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 159. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Boreal forest region from the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- tains west of Edmonton, Alberta, east to Labrador Peninsula ; also a dis- connected area in Alaska from Bristol Bay to Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound. 6. Canachites canadensis dsgoodi BISHOP. Alaska Spruce Partridge. [2986.] Canachites canadensis osgoodi BISHOP, Auk, XVII, April, 1900, 114. (Lake Marsh, Yukon, Northwest Territory.) RANGE. — Mt. McKinley range and the Yukon region east to Great Slave and Athabaska lakes. c. Canachites canadensis canace (LINNAEUS). Canada Spruce Partridge. [298c.] Tetrao canace LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Canada.) RANGE. — Manitoba, southern Ontario, and New Brunswick south to northern parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and New Eng- land. Canachites franklini (DOUGLAS). Franklin's Grouse. [299.] Tetrao franklinii DOUGLAS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 139. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 50°-54° N., near sources of Columbia River; also bases of Mt. Hood, Mt. St. Helens, and Mt. Baker.) RANGE. — Southern Alaska, central British Columbia, and western central Alberta south to northern Oregon, central Idaho, and western Montana. GENUS BONASA STEPHENS. Bonasa STEPHENS, General Zoology, XI, 1819, 298. Type, by subs, desig., Tetrao umbellus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Bonasa umbellus (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Wooded regions of Canada and Alaska south to Cali- fornia, Colorado, Kansas, Tennessee, and in the Alleghenies to Georgia. 140 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Bonasa umbellus umbellus (LINNAEUS). Ruffed Grouse. [300.] Tetrao umbellus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Pennsyl- vania.) RANGE. — Eastern United States from Minnesota, Michigan, southern New York, and southern Vermont south to eastern Kansas, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia, and in the Alleghenies to northern Georgia. 6. Bonasa umbellus tog&ta (LINNAEUS). Canada Ruffed Grouse. [SOOa.j Tetrao togatus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Canada.) RANGE. — Central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Nova Scotia south to Manitoba, northern Michigan, northern Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, and in the mountains of New York, western Massachusetts, and northern Connecticut; birds indistinguishable from the eastern form occur from east central British Columbia south to eastern Oregon and central Idaho. c. Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (DOUGLAS). Gray Ruffed Grouse. [3006.] Tetrao umbelloides DOUGLAS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 148. (Valleys of Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54° N., near sources of Peace River.) RANGE. — Norton Sound, Alaska, east to central Yukon and west central Mackenzie, and south to northern Utah, northern Colorado, and western South Dakota. d. Bonasa umbellus sa"bini (DOUGLAS). Oregon Ruffed Grouse. [300c.] Tetrao sabini DOUGLAS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 137. (Coast of North-west America, between Lat. 40° and 49° N., from Cape Mendocino to Vancouver Island.) RANGE. — Coast ranges from southern Alaska to Humboldt County, Cali- fornia. GENUS LAGOPUS BRISSON. Lagopus BRISSON, Orn., I, 1760, 181. Type, by tautonymy, [Lagopus] lagopus BRISSON = Tetrao lagopus LINN.EUS. Lag6ptis lagdpus RANGE. — Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. Lagopus lagopus lagopus (LINNJBTJS). Willow Ptarmigan. [301.] Tetrao lagopus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 159. (Lapland.) ORDER GALLING. 141 RANGE. — Arctic regions. In America breeds from northern Alaska, northern Banks Land, and central Greenland south to eastern Aleutian Islands, central Mackenzie (in the mountains to west central Alberta), central Kee- watin, James Bay, and southern Ungava; south in winter to northern British Columbia, Saskatchewan Valley, Minnesota, Ontario, and Quebec; accidental in Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Maine, and Massachusetts. b. Lagopus lagopus alleni STEJNEGER. Allen's Ptarmigan. [301a.] Lagopus alba alleni STEJNEGEB, Auk, I, Oct., 1884, 369. (Newfound- land.) RANGE. — Newfoundland. c. Lagopus lagopus alexandrae GRINNELL. Alexander's Ptarmigan. [3016.] Lagopus alexandra GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 2, Feb. 18, 1909, 204. (Mountain at Bear Bay, on Peril Strait, Baranof Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Baranof and adjacent islands west to Shumagin Islands. Lagopus rupestris (GMELIN). RANGE. — Northern North America and Greenland. a. Lagopus rupestris rupestris (GMELIN). Rock Ptarmigan. [302.] Tetrao rupestris GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 751. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Arctic America. Breeds from Melville Island to Melville Penin- sula and south on the Barren Grounds from Alaska to Ungava ; also on alpine summits south to central Yukon; south in winter to southern Mackenzie and southern Ungava. b. Lagopus rupestris reinhardi (BREHM). Reinhardt's Ptarmigan. [302a.] Tetrao reinhardi BREHM, Lehrbuch Eur. Vogel, II, 1824, 986. (Green- land.) RANGE. — Northern extremity of Ungava, western Cumberland Sound, and Greenland. c. Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJNEGER. Nelson's Ptarmigan. [302&.] Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJNEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 226. (Un- alaska, Alaska.) RANGE. — Unalaska, Akutan, and Unimak islands, Aleutian Islands. d. Lagopus rupestris atkhe*nsis TURNER. Turner's Ptarmigan. [302c.] Lagopus mutus atkhensis TURNER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, Aug. 5, 1882, 227, 230. (Atka Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Atka, one of Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 142 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Lagopus rupestris townsendi ELLIOT. Townsend's Ptarmigan. [302d.] Lagopus rupestris townsendi ELLIOT, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 26. (Kiska Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Kiska, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. /. Lagopus rupestris chamberlain! CLARK. Adak Ptarmigan. [3026.] Lagopus rupestris chamberlaini CLARK, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, No. 1539, June 15, 1907, 469. (Adak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Adak, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. g. Lagopus rupestris dixoni GRIN NELL. Dixon's Ptarmigan. [302/.] Lagopus dixoni GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 2, Feb. 18, 1909, 207. (Near Port Frederick, at 2700 feet, Chichagof Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Islands near Sitka, Alaska. Lagopus Svermanni ELLIOT. Evermann's Ptarmigan. [302.1.] Lagopus evermanni ELLIOT, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 25, pi. iii. (Attu Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Attu, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Lagopus welchi BREWSTER. Welch's Ptarmigan. [303.] Lagopus welchi BREWSTER, Auk, II, April, 1885, 194. (Newfoundland.) RANGE. — Newfoundland. Lagopus leucurus (SWAINSON). RANGE. — Mountains of Alaska and British Columbia, south in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. a. Lagopus leucurus leucurus (SWAINSON). White-tailed Ptarmigan. [304.] Tetrao (Lagopus) leucurus SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 356, pi. 63. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54° N.) RANGE. — Rocky Mountains from northern British Columbia and central Alberta south to Vancouver Island, Washington, northwestern Montana, Colo- rado, and northern New Mexico. ORDER GALLING. 143 6. Lagopus leucurus peninsularis CHAPMAN. Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan. [9040.] Lagopus leucurus peninsularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XVI, 1902, 236. (Kenai Mountains, Alaska.) RANGE. — Alpine summits from central Alaska, northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie south to Cook Inlet region, Kenai Peninsula, and southern Yukon. GENUS TYMPANUCHUS GLOGER. Tympanuchus GLOGER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, 1842, 396. Type, by monotypy, Tetrao cupido LINNAEUS. Tympanuchus americanus (REICHENBACH). RANGE. — Central North America from southern central Canada south to northern Texas and east (formerly) to Ohio. a. Tympanuchus americanus americanus (REICHENBACH). Prairie Chicken. [305.] Cupidonia americana REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xxix. (Amer- ica.) RANGE. — Southeastern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba to eastern Colorado, northeastern Texas, Arkansas, western Kentucky, and Indiana; probably extinct east of Indiana but formerly reached southwestern Ontario, Michigan, and northwestern Ohio. b. Tympanuchus americanus attwateri BENDIRE. Attwater's Prairie Chicken. [305a.] Tympanuchus attwateri BENDIRE, Forest and Stream, XL, No. 20, May 18, 1893, 425. (Refugio Co., Texas.) RANGE. — Coast region of Texas and southwestern Louisiana. Tympanuchus cupido (LINNAEUS). Heath Hen. [306.] Tetrao cupido LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 160. ("Virginia" [probably Pennsylvania or New York].) RANGE. — Island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass. Formerly southern New England and parts of the Middle States. 144 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (RIDGWAY). Lesser Prairie Chicken. [307.] Cupidonia cupido var. pallididncta RIDGWAY, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 199. (Prairies of Texas, near Lat. 32° N.) RANGE. — Great Plains, from Kansas south to west central Texas. GENUS PEDICECETES BAIRD. Pedicecetes BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, xxi, xliv, 619, 625. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao phasianellus LINNAEUS. Pedicecetes phasianellus RANGE. — Central and western North America from central Alaska and Ungava to northeastern California and Illinois. a. Pedioecetes phasianellus phasianellus (LINNAEUS). Sharp-tailed Grouse. [308.] Tetrao phasianellus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 160. (Hudson Bay.) RANGE. — Central Alaska and northwestern British Columbia east through central Keewatin to central western Ungava, and south to Lake Superior and the Parry Sound district, Ontario; casual east to Saguenay River, Quebec. 6. Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus (€>RD). Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. [308a.] Phasianus columbianus ORD, in GUTHRIE'S Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 317. (Great plains of the Columbia River.) RANGE. — Central British Columbia and central Alberta south to north- eastern California, Utah, and central Colorado. c. Pedicecetes phasianellus campestris RIDGWAY. Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse. [3086.] Pedicecetes phasianellus campestris RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 93. (Illinois.) RANGE. — Southern Alberta and southern Manitoba to Wyoming, Kansas, and northern Illinois. ORDER GALLING. 145 GENUS CENTROCERCUS SWAINSON. Centrocercus SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 358, 496. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao urophasianus BONAPARTE. Centrocercus urophasianus (BONAPARTE). Sage Hen. [309.] Tetrao urophasianus BONAPARTE, Zool. Journ., Ill, 1827, 213. ("North- western countries beyond the Mississippi, especially on the Missouri.") RANGE. — Sagebrush plains of Transition Zone from middle south- ern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and northwestern North Dakota south to middle eastern California, northwestern New Mexico, and northwestern Nebraska. FAMILY MELEAGRIDJE. TURKEYS. GENUS MELEAGRIS LINNAEUS. Meleagris LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 156. Type, by subs, desig., Meleagris gallopavo LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Meleagris gallopavo (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Eastern and south central United States, west to Arizona and south to the mountains of Oaxaca. a. [Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo. Extralimital.] 6. Meleagris gallopavo silve"stris VIEILLOT. Wild Turkey. [310o.] Meleagris silvestris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., IX, 1817, 447. RANGE. — Eastern United States from Nebraska, Kansas, western Okla- homa, and eastern Texas east to central Pennsylvania, and south to the Gulf coast; formerly north to South Dakota, southern Ontario, and southern Maine. c. Meleagris gallopavo merriami NELSON. Merriam's Turkey. [310.] Meleagris gallopavo merriami NELSON, Auk, XVII, April, 1900, 120. (47 miles southwest of Winslow, Arizona.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Sonoran zones in the mountains of south- ern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, northern Sonora, and Chihuahua. 146 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 273. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Sonoran zones from British Columbia to southern Lower California and Chihuahua, and from the Pacific coast to eastern Colorado and western Texas; winter home unknown, probably in South America ; Costa Rica in migration. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (WILSON). Black-billed Cuckoo. [388.] Cuculus erythrophthalmus WILSON, Amer. Orn., IV, 1811, 16, pi. 28, fig. 2. (Probably near Philadelphia, Pa.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds mainly in the Tran- sition Zone from southeastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, southern Quebec, and Prince Edward Island south to Kansas, Arkansas, North Carolina, and mountains of Georgia; winters in South America from Colombia to Peru. [SUBFAMILY CUCULINJE. TRUE CUCKOOS. GENUS CUCULUS LINNAEUS. Cuculus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 110. Type, by subs, desig., Cuculus canorus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). Cuculus canorus LINNAEUS. RANGE. — Greater part of the Old World; accidental in Alaska. a. [Cuculus canorus canorus. Extralimital.] 6. Cuculus canorus telephonus HEINE. Kamchatka Cuckoo. [388.1.] Cuculus telephonus HEINE, Journ. fur Orn., 1863, 352. (Japan.) RANGE. — An Asiatic subspecies, accidental on St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.] ORDER COCCYGES. 183 SUBORDER TROGONES. TROGONS. FAMILY TROGONIDJE. TROGONS. GENUS TROGON BRISSON. Trogon BRISSON, Orn., IV, 1760, 164. Type, by subs, desig., Trogon viridis LINN^US = T. strigilatus LINNAEUS (Stone, 1907). Trogon ambiguus GOULD. Coppery-tailed Trogon. [389.] Trogon ambiguus GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835, 30. (Northern Mexico.) RANGE. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas and southern Arizona to southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Guerrero); rare in the United States. SUBORDER ALCYONES. KINGFISHERS. FAMILY ALGEDINIDJE. KINGFISHERS. GENUS CERYLE BOIE. Ceryle BOIE, Isis, XXI, 1828, 316. Type, by subs, desig., Alcedo rudis LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). SUBGENUS MEGACERYLE KAUP. Megaceryle KAUP, Verh. naturhist. Vereins Hessen, II, 1848, 68. Type, Alcedo guttata BODDAERT = Alcedo maxima PALLAS. Ceryle alcyon (LINNAEUS). Belted Kingfisher. [390.] Alcedo alcyon LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 115. (North America.) RANGE. — North America and northern South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, 184 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the southern border of United States; winters from British Columbia, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Virginia south to the West Indies, Colombia, and Guiana, and irregularly as far north as Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, and Ontario. [Ceryle torquata (LiNN^us). Ringed Kingfisher. [390.1.] Alcedo torquata LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 180. ("Martinica, Mexico.") RANGE. — Tropical Mexico and southward to southern Brazil; casual on Lower Rio Grande, Texas.] SUBGENUS CHLOROCERYLE KAUP. Chloroceryle KAUP, Verb, naturhist. Vereins Hessen, II, 1848, 68. Type, by subs, desig., Alcedo amazona LATHAM (Gray, 1855). Ceryle americana (GMELIN). RANGE. — Northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. a. [Ceryle americana americana. Extralimital.] b. Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHARPE. Texas Kingfisher. [391.] Ceryle septentrionalis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 134. (Type locality not given.) RANGE. — Southern Texas and Sinaloa, Mexico, south to Panama. ORDER PICI. 185 ORDER PICI. WOODPECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC. FAMILY PICID.S2. WOODPECKERS. GENUS CAMPEPHILUS GRAY. Campephilus GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 54. Type, by orig. desig., Picus principalis LINNAEUS. Campephilus principalis (LINNAEUS). Ivory-billed Woodpecker. [392.] Picus principalis LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States from Texas to North Carolina, north in Mississippi Valley to Oklahoma, Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana; now restricted to the lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf States, and of local distribution. GENUS DRYOBATES BOIE. Dryobates BOIE, Isis, XXI, 1826, 977. Type, by monotypy Picus pubes- cens LINNAEUS. Dryobates villosus (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Wooded parts of North America from near tree limit south to Gulf of Mexico and Panama. a. Dryobates villosus villosus (LINNAEUS). Hairy Woodpecker. [393.] Picus villosus LINN^US, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, I, 1766, 175. (New Jersey.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Austral zones of northeastern United States from Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and Oklahoma east to middle and northern parts of Eastern States. b. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (BODDAERT). Northern Hairy Woodpecker. [393a.] Picus leucomelas BODDAERT, Table PI. Enl., 1783, 21. (Canada.) 186 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Canadian Zone of northern North America from middle Yukon, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Quebec south to about the northern boundary of the United States. c. Dryobates villosus auduboni (SWAINSON). Southern Hairy Woodpecker. [3936.] Picus audubonii SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 306. (Georgia.) RANGE. — Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Virginia to southeastern Texas. d. Dryobates villosus h&rrisi (AUDUBON). Harris's Woodpecker. [393c.] Picus harrisi AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pi. 417, figs. 8, 9. (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RANGE. — Humid Transition Zone of Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to Humboldt Bay, California; in winter south to Monterey. e. Dryobates villosus hyloscopus CABANIS & HEINE. Cabanis's Woodpecker. [393d] Dryobates hyloscopus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hem., IV, ii, 1863, 69 (note). (San Jos6, California.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones from northern California, southern Utah, northwestern and central New Mexico, and extreme southwestern Texas, south to mountains of western Zacatecas, Mexico. /. Dryobates villosus monticola ANTHONY. Rocky Mountain Hairy Wood- pecker. [393e.] Dryobates villosus monticola ANTHONY, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 54. (Boulder Co., Colorado.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones of the Rocky Mountains from eastern Washington and Montana south to Utah and New Mexico, and east to western Nebraska. //. Dryobates villosus picoideus OSGOOD. Queen Charlotte Woodpecker. [393/.] Dryobates picoideus OSGOOD, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, 44. (Mores- by Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RANGE. — Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. h. Dryobates villosus terrsenovae BATCHELDER. Newfoundland Woodpecker. [3930.] Dryobates villosus terrcenovce BATCHELDER, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, IV, June 24, 1908, 37. (Placentia, Newfoundland.) RANGE. — Newfoundland. ORDER PICI. 187 Dryobates pubescens (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Temperate North America. a. Dryobates pubescens pubescens (LINNAEUS). Southern Downy Wood- pecker. [394.] Picus pubescens LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 175. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from North Carolina to eastern Texas. b. Dryobates pubescens gairdneri (AUDUBON). Gairdner's Woodpecker. [394a.] Picus gairdnerii AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 317. (Near Fort Van- couver, Washington.) RANGE. — Humid Transition Zone of Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to Mendocino County, California. c. Dryobates pubescens homorus CABANIS & HEINE. Batchelder's Wood- pecker. [3946.] Dryobates homorus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., IV, ii, 1863, 65 (note), (California.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones from southern British Columbia east of Cascade range to eastern California, western Nebraska, and extreme eastern Colorado. d. Dryobates pubescens medianus (SWAINSON). Downy Woodpecker. [394c.] Picus (Dendrocopus) medianus SWATNSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 308. (New Jersey.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones of northern and central parts of eastern North America from southeastern Alberta, Manitoba, and southern Ungava south to eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and Potomac Valley, and in mountains to North Carolina. e. Dryobates pubescens n&soni OBERHOLSER. Nelson's Downy Wood- pecker. [394d] Dryobates pubescens nelsoni OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, 549. (Nulato, Alaska.) RANGE. — Canadian Zone from northwestern Alaska and southwestern Mackenzie to central Alberta. /. Dryobates pubescens turati (MALHERBE). Willow Woodpecker. [394e.] Picus turati MALHERBE, Monogr. PicidSes, I, 1860, 125, pi. 28, figs. 1-3. (Near Monterey, California.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of California (except on northwest coast and desert ranges). 188 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Dryobates bore alls (VIEILLOT). Red-cockaded Woodpecker. [395.] Picus borealis VIEILLOT, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809 ?), 66, pi. 122. ("DanslenorddeslStats-Unis." = Southern States.) RANGE. — Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States north to southwestern Virginia, Tennessee, and southern Missouri, and casually to New Jersey. Dryobates scalaris (WAGLER). RANGE. — North America from southern part of western United States to southern end of Mexican tableland. a. [Dryobates scalaris scalaris. Extralimital.] b. Dryobates scalaris bairdi (MALHERBE). Texas Woodpecker. [396.] Picus bairdi MALHERBE, Monogr. Picid<§es, I, 1861?, 118, pi. 27, figs. 7, 8. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran desert region from southeastern California to central Texas and from southern Nevada, Utah, and Colorado south to north- ern Mexico. c. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus (XANTUS). San Lucas Woodpecker. [396a.] Picus lucasanus XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 298. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran deserts from San Gorgonio Pass in southern Cali- fornia south to southern Lower California. Dryobates ntittalli (GAMBEL). Nuttall's Woodpecker. [397.] Picus nuttalii GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 259. (Los Angeles, California.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran Zone from southwestern Oregon to northwestern Lower California, west of the Sierra. Dryobates arizdnse (HARGITT). Arizona Woodpecker. [398.] Picus arizonoe HARGITT, Ibis, April, 1886, 115. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran Zone in mountains from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south through the Sierra Madre to Zacatecas. ORDER PICI. 189 GENUS XENOPICUS BAIRD. Xenopicus BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 83. Type, by monotypy, Leuconerpes albolarvatus CASSIN. Xenopicus albolarvatus (CASSIN). Wnite-headed Woodpecker. [399.] Leuconerpes albolarvatus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 106. (Oregon Canon, near Georgetown, 12 miles from Slitter's Mill, California.) RANGE. — Transition Zone in mountains from southern British Columbia to southern California, east to eastern Oregon, western Idaho, and western Nevada. GENUS PICOIDES LACEPEDE. Picoides LACEPEDE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 7. Type, by subs, desig., Picus tridactylus LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Picoides arcticus (SWAINSON). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. [400.] Picus (Apternus) arcticus SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 313. (Near sources of Athabaska River, Lat. 53° N., eastern declivity of Rocky Mountains.) RANGE. — Canadian Zone of northern North America from southern Alaska, central Yukon, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to the Sierra Nevada of California and moun- tains of Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota (Black Hills), Minne- sota, Michigan, northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; casual in winter to Nebraska, Illinois, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Picoides americanus BREHM. RANGE. — Northern North America, south in Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. a. Picoides americanus americanus BREHM. Three-toed Woodpecker. [401.] Picoides americanus BREHM, Handbuch Vogel Deutschl., 1831, 195. ("Amerika.") 190 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Boreal forests from central Ungava to northern Minnesota, south- ern Ontario, northern New York, Maine, and New Hampshire; casual in winter to Massachusetts. b. Picoides americanus fasciatus BAIRD. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. [401 a.] Picoides americanus var. fasciatus BAIRD, in COOPER, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., I, 1870, 385. (Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River.) RANGE. — Hudsonian and Canadian zones in Alaska, Mackenzie, and Keewatin south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and south- western Keewatin. c. Picoides americanus dorsalis BAIRD. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. [4016.] Picoides dorsalis BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 100. (Laramie Peak, Wyoming.) RANGE. — Boreal forests of Rocky Mountains region from Montana and Idaho to high mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. GENUS SPHYRAPICUS BAIRD. Sphyrapicus BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 101. Type, by orig. desig., Picus varius LINN^US. Sphyrapicus varius (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Northern North America from near tree limit south, in winter, to Central America. a. Sphyrapicus varius varius (LINNJSUS). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. [402.] Picus varius LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 176. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and upper part of Alleghanian Zone from southwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to central Alberta, northern Missouri, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, North Carolina (mountains), and Massa- chusetts (mountains of northern Berkshire County); winters from Penn- sylvania and Ohio Valley (casually further north) to the Gulf coast, Bahamas, Cuba, western Mexico (Jalisco), and Costa Rica; casual in Wyoming. b. Sphyrapicus varius nuchdlis BAIRD. Red-naped Sapsucker. [402o] Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 103. (Mimbres River, New Mexico.) ORDER PIC1. 191 RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Boreal and Transition zones from central British Columbia and southern Alberta south to northeastern California, central New Mexico, and western Texas; winters south to west central Mexico; casual in Kansas and southern Lower California. Sphyrapicus ruber (GMELIN). RANGE. — Western North America, mainly west of the coast ranges. a. Sphyrapicus ruber ruber (GMELIN). Red-breasted Sapsucker. [403.] Picus ruber GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 429. ("Cayenne" = Pacific coast of United States.) RANGE. — Pacific coast region. Breeds in Transition Zone from northern California to mountains of southern California, east to the western slope of the Sierra Nevada ; in winter south to southern Lower California. b. Sphyrapicus ruber notke'nsis (Sucxow). Northern Red-breasted Sap- sucker. [403o.] Picus ruber notkensis SUCKOWJ Anfangsgr. Nat. Thiere, II, i, 1800, 535. (Nootka Sound, B. C.) RANGE. — Humid Canadian and Transition forests of the Northwest coast from Skagway, Alaska, to Siskiyou Mountains, northern California, east to eastern slope of Cascades ; in winter south to Monterey, California. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (CASSIN). Williamson's Sapsucker. [404.] Picus thyroideus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1852, 349. (California.) RANGE. — Boreal mountain forests of western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and Montana south to southern California, central Arizona, and central New Mexico; winters in southern California, New Mexico, western Texas, and south to Jalisco, Mexico. GENUS PHLCEOTOMUS CABANIS & HEINE. Phloeotomus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., IV, ii, 1863, 102. Type, by orig. desig., Picus pileatus LINN.EUS. Phlceotomus pileatus (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Wooded regions of North America, mainly east of the Rocky Mountains. 192 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Phlceotomus pileatus pileatus (LINN^US). Pileated Woodpecker. [405.] Picus pileatus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Austroriparian forests of southern United States from North Carolina south and west to middle Texas and western Oklahoma ; casual in the Bahamas. 6. Phloeotomus pileatus abieticola (BANGS). Northern Pileated Woodpecker. [405a.] CeophloBus pileatus abieticola BANGS, Auk, XV, April, 1898, 176. (Green- ville, Maine.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zone forests of North America from northeastern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland to the southern Sierra Nevada of Cali- fornia, northern New Mexico, and the southern Alleghenies. GENUS MELANERPES SWAINSON. Melanerpes SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 316. Type, by orig. desig., Picus erythrocephalus LINN^US. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (LiNN^us). Red-headed Woodpecker. [406.] Picus erythrocephalus LINNJSUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Caro- lina.) RANGE. — Transition and Austral zones from southeastern British Columbia, southern Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario south to the Gulf coast, and from central Montana, central Colorado, and central Texas east to valleys of the Hudson and Delaware; rare and local in New England; casual in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; irregularly migratory in the northern parts of its range. Melanerpes formicivorus (SWAINSON). RANGE. — Western North America from Oregon and western Texas to Panama. a. Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus (SWAINSON). Ant- eating Wood- pecker. [407.] Picus formicivorus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 439. (Tem- ascaltepec, Mexico.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, and western Texas south through Mexico to Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ORDER PICI. 193 b. Melanerpes formicivorus bafrdi RIDGWAY. California Woodpecker. [407 a.] Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 21, 1881, 34, 85. (Petaluma, California.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran and lower part of Transition zones of the Pacific coast region from northwestern Oregon south to northern Lower California. c. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons BAIRD. Narrow-fronted Wood- pecker. [4076.] Melanerpes formicivorus var. angustifrons BAIRD, in COOPER, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., I, 1870, 405. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS ASYNDESMUS COUES. Asyndesmus COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 55. Type, by orig. desig., Picus torqiiatus WILSON — Asyndesmus lewisi RILEY. Asyndesmus lewisi RILEY. Lewis's Woodpecker. [408.] Asyndesmus lewisi RILEY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 225. (Montana, about Lat. 46° N.) RANGE. — Transition Zone from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta to Arizona and New Mexico and from the inner coast ranges of California to the Black Hills, South Dakota, and western Nebraska; in winter to southern California, western Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico; casual in western Kansas. GENUS CENTURUS SWAINSON. Centurus SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 310. Type, by monotypy, Picus carolinus LINNAEUS. Centurus carolinus (LINNAEUS). Red-bellied Woodpecker. [409.] Picus carolinus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Upper and Lower Austral zones of eastern United States from southeastern South Dakota, southeastern Minnesota, south- western Ontario, western New York, southwestern Pennsylvania, and Delaware south to central Texas and the Gulf coast; casual north to Colorado and Massachusetts. 194 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Centurus aurifrons (WAGLER). Golden-fronted Woodpecker. [410.] Picus aurifrons WAGLER, Isis, XXII, 1829, 512. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Central northern Texas south to Valley of Mexico. Centurus uropygialis BAIRD. Gila Woodpecker. [411.] Centurus uropygialis BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 120. (Bill Williams Fork of Colorado River, Arizona.) RANGE.— Lower part of Dower Sonoran Zone from the Colorado Valley in southeastern California and the extreme southeastern corner of Nevada east through southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, and south through Lower California and western Mexico to Tepic. GENUS GOLAPTES VIGORS. Colaptes VIGORS, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIV, Pt. iii, 1825, 457 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Cuculus auratus LINN^JUS. Colaptes auratus (LINNJEUS). RANGE. — Eastern North America, from tree limit south to the Gulf coast. a. Colaptes auratus auratus (LINNJEUS). Flicker. [412.] Cuculus auratus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 112. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from North Carolina and southern Illinois to southern Florida and central Texas. b. Colaptes auratus luteus BANGS. Northern Flicker. [412a.] Colaptes auratus luteus BANGS, Auk, XV, April, 1898, 177. (Watertown, Mass.) RANGE. — Northern and eastern North America. Breeds from tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south, east of the Rocky Mountains, to northern edge of Austroriparian Zone; occasional on Pacific slope from California north- ward; accidental in Greenland; migratory through most of Canada but more or less regularly resident within the United States, except the extreme northern parts ; south in winter to the Gulf coast and southern Texas. ORDER PICI. 195 Colaptes cafer (GMELIN). RANGE. — Western North America from southern Alaska and central British Columbia south to Oaxaca, Mexico. a. [Colaptes cafer cafer. Extralimital.] 6. Colaptes cafer collaris VIGORS. Red-shafted Flicker. [413.] Colaptes collaris VIGORS, Zool. Journ., IV, 1829, 354. (Monterey, Cali- fornia.) RANGE. — Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast region from central British Columbia, central Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to northern border of Mexico, west to coast ranges of Washington and Oregon and to Pacific coast from northern California south to Lower California and north- western Mexico, and east to western Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota; casual in northern Alberta and Manitoba. c. Colaptes cafer satur£tior RIDGWAY. Northwestern Flicker. [413a.] Colaptes mexicanus saturatior RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 90. (Neah Bay, Washington.) RANGE. — Humid Transition Zone of Northwest coast from Sitka, Alaska, to northern California. Colaptes chrysoides (MALHERBE). Gilded Flicker. [414.] Geopicus (Colaptes) chrysoides MALHERBE, Revue et Mag. Zool., IV, 1852, 553. (America.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California and southern Arizona south through Lower California and southern Sonora. Colaptes runpfleus RIDGWAY. Guadalupe Flicker. [415.] Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus RIDGWAY, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., 11, No. 2, April, 1876, 191. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 196 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER MACKOCHIRES. GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, ETC. SUBORDER CAPRIMULGI. GOATSUCKERS, ETC. FAMILY GAPRIMULGIDJE. GOATSUCKERS, ETC. GENUS ANTROSTOMUS BONAPARTE. Antrostomus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 8. Type, by subs, desig., Caprimulgus carolinensis GMELIN (Gray, 1840.) Antrdstomus carolinensis (GMELIN). Chuck-will' s-widow. [416.] Caprimulgus carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 1028. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Southern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Austroripariari Zone from Missouri, Indiana, southern Ohio, and southern Virginia south to central Texas and Gulf States; casual in Kansas and Maryland; accidental in Massachusetts and Ontario; migrates through eastern Mexico; winters from southern Florida to Greater Antilles, Central America, and Colombia. Antrostomus vociferus (WILSON). RANGE. — Southern Canada south, east of Rocky Mountains, to Gulf coast, and to southern Arizona and tableland of Mexico; in winter south to Salvador. a. Antrostomus vociferus vociferus (WILSON). Whip-poor-will. [417.] Caprimulgus vociferus WILSON, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 71, pi. 41, figs. 1-3. (Eastern United States [probably near Philadelphia, Pa.].) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from Manitoba, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to northern parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Georgia, and from eastern North Dakota, Ne- braska, and Kansas eastward; winters from the lowlands of South Carolina and the southern parts of the Gulf States to British Honduras and Salvador. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 197 6. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax (WAGLER). Stephens 's Whip- poor-will. [417a.] Caprimulgus macromystax WAGLER, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 533. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern Texas south through the mountains of northern Mexico; in winter south to Guatemala. GENUS PHAL-fflNOPTILUS RIDGWAY. Phalcenoptilus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Ill, 1880, 5. Type, by orig. desig., Caprimulgus nuttallii AUDUBON. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli (AUDUBON). RANGE. — Central and western North America from the Plains westward to California, and from southeastern British Columbia south, in winter, to central Mexico. a. Phalanoptilus nuttalli nuttalli (AUDUBON). Poor-will. [418.§ Caprimulgus nuttallii AUDUBON, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 350, pi. 495. (Upper Missouri, between Fort Pierre and mouth of Cheyenne River, South Dakota.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Son- oran zones from southeastern British Columbia, northwestern North Dakota, and southern South Dakota south to southern Arizona, northern Coahuila, and southern Texas; west to eastern California east of the Sierra; winters from southeastern California and southern Texas to central Mexico. b. Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nitidua BREWSTER. Frosted Poor-will. [418a.] Phalcenoptilus nuttalli nitidus BREWSTER, Auk, IV, April, 1887, 147. (Nueces River, Texas.) RANGE. — Western Kansas south to Coahuila, west to Arizona and the Cape Region of Lower California. c. Phalsenoptilus nuttalli californicus RIDGWAY. Dusky Poor-will. [4186.] Phalcenoptilus nuttalli californicus RIDGWAY, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 588 (note). (Nicasio, California.) RANGE. — California west of the Sierra Nevada from about latitude 40° south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones. 198 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS NYCTIDROMUS GOULD. Nyctidromus GOULD, Icones Avium, Pt. II, Aug., 1838, pi. xii. Type, by monotypy, Nyctidromus derbyanus GOULD = Caprimulgus albicollis G ME LIN. Nyctidromus albicollis (GMELIN). RANGE. — Southern Texas south to Argentina. a. [Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis. Extralimital.] b. Nyctidromus albicollis m&rilli SENNETT. Merrill's Parauque. [419.] Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SENNETT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 44. (Nueces River, Nueces Co., Texas.) RANGE. — Southern Texas (mainly Rio Grande Valley) south to northern Vera Cruz ; in winter along the Gulf coast to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. GENUS GHORDEILES SWAINSON. Chordeiles SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 496. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus virginianus GMELIN. Chordeiles virginianus (GMELIN). RANOE. — North America, south in migration through the West Indies and Central America to Argentina. a. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus (GMELIN). Nighthawk. [420.] Caprimulgus virginianus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 1028. (Virginia.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from southern Yukon, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern parts of Gulf States and west to edge of Plains from Minnesota to northeastern Texas ; migrates through the Greater Antilles and Central Amer- ica ; winters in South America from Brazil to Argentina. b. Chordeiles virginianus h€nryi CASSIN. Western Nighthawk. [420a.] Chordeiles henryi CASSIN, Illustr. Birds Calif., Texas, etc., 1855, 239. (Fort Webster, New Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 199 RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from southeastern British Columbia, Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to southern Texas and mountains of northern Mexico; winters in South America. c. Chordeiles virginianus chapman! COUES. Florida Nighthawk. [4206.] Chordiles popetue chapmani COUES, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 37. (Gaines- ville, Florida.) RANGE. — Breeds in the Gulf coast belt from eastern Texas to Florida; winter range unknown. './. Chordeiles virginianus sennetti COUES. Bennett's Nighthawk. [420 c.] Chordiles popetue sennetti COUES, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 37. (50 miles west of Pembina, North Dakota.) RANGE. — Breeds on treeless plains from Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to central Nebraska; in migration to Texas; occasional in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois; winter range unknown, probably in South America. e. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis GRINNELL. Pacific Nighthawk. [420rf.] Chordeiles virginianus hesperis GRINNELL, Condor, VII, 1905, 170. (Bear Lake, 6700 feet, San Bernardino Mountains, California.) RANGE. — Breeds from southwestern British Columbia south along the coast to northern California and in the Sierra Nevada south to the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California ; winter home unknown. Chordeiles acutipennis (BODDAERT). RANGE. — California, Utah, and Texas south through the greater part of South America. a. [Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis. Extralimital.] b. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis LAWRENCE. Texas Nighthawk. [421.] Chordeiles texensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1857, 167. (Rio Grande, Texas.) RANGE. — Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from central California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and southern Texas south to Cape San Lucas and southern Mexico; winters south of the United States to Panama. 200 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER CYPSELL SWIFTS. FAMILY MICROPODIDJE. SWIFTS. SUBFAMILY CHJETURIN.fi. SPINE-TAILED SWIFTS. GENUS CYPSELOIDES STREUBEL. Cypseloides STREUBEL, Isis, 1848, 366. Type, by subs, desig., Hemi- procne fumigata STREUBEL (Sclater, 1865). Cypseloides niger (GMELIN). RANGE. — Western North America, the West Indies, and northern South America. a. [Cypseloides niger niger. Extralimital.J b. Cypseloides niger bore&lis (KENNERLY). Black Swift. [422.] Cypselus borealis KENNERLY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 202. (Simiahmoo Bay, Puget Sound, Washington.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and southern Colorado south to central Mexico; winters in southern Mexico. GENUS CHJETTJRA STEPHENS. Chcetura STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, ii, 1826, 76. Type, by subs, desig., Hirundo pelagica LINN.EUS (Baird, 1858). Chsettira pelagica (LINNAEUS). Chimney Swift. [423.] Hirundo pelagica LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 192. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Breeds in eastern North America from southeastern Sas- katchewan, Manitoba, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the Gulf coast, and west to the Plains from eastern Montana to eastern Texas; winters south of the United States, at least to Vera Cruz and Cozumel Island and probably in Central America; casual in southern Alberta; accidental in New Mexico and Greenland. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 201 Chaetura vauxi (J. K. TOWNSEND). Vaux's Swift. [424.] Cypcelus vauxi TOWNSEND, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., April, 1839, 348. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RANGE. — Breeds from southern British Columbia to Santa Cruz Mountains, California; rare or casual east of the Cascades and the Sierra; migrates through Lower California and Arizona and winters in Central America south to Guatemala. SUBFAMILY MICROPODIN^!. TYPICAL SWIFTS. GENUS AERONAUTES HARTERT. Aeronautes HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 459. Type, by orig. desig., Cypselus melanoleucus BAIRD. Aeronautes melanoleucus (BAIRD). White-throated Swift. [425.] Cypselus melanoleucus BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 118. (Camp 123, on Bill Williams River, [west of Ives Peak, Lat. 34° 15' N.], Arizona.) RANGE. — Breeds from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta south to Lower California and Guatemala, and from the Pacific coast east to the Black Hills and western Nebraska; winters from southern California southward. SUBORDER TROCHILI. HUMMINGBIRDS. FAMILY TROGHILIDJE. HUMMINGBIRDS. GENUS EUGENES GOULD. Eugenes GOULD, Monogr. Trochil., II, 1856, pi. 59. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus fulgens SWAINSON. Eugenes fulgens (SWAINSON). Rivoli's Hummingbird. [426.] Trochilus fulgens SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 441. (Temas- caltepec, Mexico.) 202 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Mountains of southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, Mexico, and Central America south to Nicaragua. GENUS CYANOLJEMUS STONE. Cyanolcemus STONE, Auk, XXIV, April, 1907, 197. Type, by orig. desig., Ornismya clemencice LESSON. Cyanolsemus clemenciae (LESSON). Blue-throated Hummingbird. [427.] Ornismya clemencice LESSON, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., 1829, xlv, 216, pi. 80. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Mountains of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, extreme western Texas, and Mexico to Oaxaca. GENUS ARCHILOCHUS REICHENBACH. Archilochus REICHENBACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 13. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus alexandri BOURCIER & MULSANT. Archilochus colubris (LINNAEUS). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. [428.] Trochilus colubris LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 120. (Carolina to New England.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from southeastern Sas- katchewan, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to Gulf coast and Florida, west to North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and central Texas; winters from middle and southern Florida and Louis- iana through southern Mexico and Central America to Panama; casual in Cuba in migration. Archilochus alexandri (BOURCIER & MULSANT). Black-chinned Hummingbird. [429.] Trochilus alexandri BOURCIER & MULSANT, Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, IX, 1846, 330. (Sierra Madre, Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 203 RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from British Columbia to northern Lower California and northern Mexico and from the Pacific to western Mon- tana and central Texas; winters in western Mexico south to Guerrero. GENUS CALYPTE GOULD. Calypte GOULD, Monogr. Trochil., Ill, 1856, pi. 134. Type, by subs, desig., Ornismya costoe BOURCIER (Elliot, 1879). Calypte costae (BOURCIER). Costa's Hummingbird. [430.] Ornismya costce BOURCIER, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 294. (California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from southern California and southwestern Utah south to southern Lower California and southern New Mexico; winters in Lower California and northwestern Mexico. Calypte anna (LESSON). Anna's Hummingbird. [431.] Ornismya anna LESSON, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., 1829, xxxi, 205, pi. 74. (California.) RANGE. — California, chiefly west of the Sierra, and Lower Cali- fornia; migratory in southern Arizona; casual on Guadalupe Island. GENUS SELASPHORUS SWAINSON. Selaspharus SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 324. Type, by subs, desig., Trochilus rufus GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Selasphorus platycercus (SWAINSON). Broad-tailed Hummingbird. [432.] Trochiliis platycercus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 441. (Mex- ico.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from southern Idaho and southern Wyoming to the Valley of Mexico, and from western Nevada to western Nebraska and western Texas; winters in Mexico south to Guatemala. 204 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Selasphorus rufus (GMELIN). Rufous Hummingbird. [433.] Trochilus rufus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 497. (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from the coast of Alaska (lat. 61°), east central British Columbia, and southern Alberta south to higher mountains of central California, Arizona, and New Mexico; winters in southern Mexico; in migration east to Wyoming, eastern Colorado, and western Texas. Selasphorus illeni HENSHAW. Allen's Hummingbird. [434.] Selasphorus atteni HENSHAW, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, II, July, 1877, 53. (Nicasio, California.) RANGE. — Pacific coast region. Breeds from southern British Columbia to northern Lower California; winters in northern Lower California and Sonora, Mexico; accidental in southern Arizona. GENUS ATTHIS REICHENBACH. Atthis REICHENBACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 12. Type, by subs, desig., Ornismya heloisa LESSON & DE LATTRE (Gray, 1855). Atthis morcomi RIDGWAY. Morcom's Hummingbird. [435.] Atthis morcomi RIDGWAY, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 325. (Huachuca Mount- ains, Arizona.) RANGE. — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (only two specimens known). GENUS STELLULA GOULD. Stellula GOULD, Introd. Trochil., 1861, 90. Type, by monotypy, Trochilu* calliope GOULD. Stellula calliope (GOULD). Calliope Hummingbird. [436.] Trochilus (Calothorax) calliope GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, 11. (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 205 RANGE. — Breeds in mountains of Canadian Zone from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta to southern California and northern New Mexico; winters in Mexico south to Guerrero; casual in Wyoming and Colorado. GENUS CALOTHORAX GRAY. Calothorax GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 13. Type, by orig. desig., Cynan- thus lucifer SWAINSON. Calothorax lucifer (SWAINSON). Lucifer Hummingbird. [437.] Cynanthus lucifer SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 442. (Temas- caltepec, Mexico.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona and western Texas south to the City of Mexico, Puebla, and Chiapas; winters in Mexico. GENUS AMIZILIS GRAY. Amizilis GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 14. Type, by subs, desig., Ortho- rhynchus amazili LESSON (Gray, 1855). Amizilis tzacatl (DE LA LLAVE). Rieffer's Hummingbird. [438.] Trochilus tzacatl DE LA LLAVE, Registro Trimestre, II, 1833, 48. (Mex- ico.) RANGE. — Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas south to Venezuela. Amizilis cerviniventris GOULD. RANGE. — Eastern Mexico north to Corpus Christi, Texas. a. [Amizilis cerviniventris cerviniventris. Extralimital.] b. Amizilis cerviniventris chalcondta OBERHOLSER. Buff-bellied Humming- bird. [439.] Amazilia cerviniventris chalconota OBERHOLSER, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 32. ("Beeville" = Brownsville, Texas.) RANGE. — Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas south to southern Tamaulipas. 206 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS URANOMITRA REICHENBACH. Uranomitra REICHENBACH, Journ. fur Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 10. Type, by subs, desig., Trochilus francice BOURCIER & MULSANT (Elliot, 1878). Uranomitra salvini (BREWSTER). Salvin's Hummingbird. [439.1.] Cyanomyia salvini BREWSTER, Auk, X, July, 1893, 214. (Nacosari, Sonora, Mexico.) RANGE. — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and eastern Sonora (only two specimens known). GENUS BASILINNA BOIE. Basilinna BOIE, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 546. Type, by subs, desig., Trochilus leucotis VIEILLOT (Gray, 1855). Basilinna xantusi (LAWRENCE). Xantus's Hummingbird. [440.] Amazilia xantusii LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VII, 1860, 109. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Southern Lower California, rarely north to latitude 29°. Basilinna leucotis (VIEILLOT). White-eared Hummingbird. [440.1.] Trochilus leucotis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXIII, 1818, 428. ("Br&il" = Mexico?) RANGE. — Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains of southeastern Arizona south to Nicaragua. GENUS CYNANTHUS SWAINSON. Cynanthus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 441. Type, by subs, desig., Cynanthus latirostris SWAINSON (Stone, 1907). Cynanthus latirostris SWAINSON. Broad-billed Hummingbird. [441.] Cynanthus latirostris SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 441. ("Table land? " of Mexico.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south to the City of Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 207 ORDER PASSEEES. PERCHING BIRDS. SUBORDER CLAMATORES. SONGLESS PERCHING BIRDS. [FAMILY COTINGID^. COTINGAS. GENUS PLATYPSARIS SCLATER. Platypsaris SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 72. Type, by orig. desig., Pachyramphus latirostris BONAPARTE. Platypsaris aglaiae (LAFRESNAYE). RANGE. — Southern border ' of Arizona to Mexico and Central America. a. [Platypsaris aglaiae aglaiae. Extralimital.] b. Platypsaris aglaiae albivSntris (LAWRENCE). Xantus's Becard. [441.1.] Hadrostomus albiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 475. (Plains of Colima, Mexico.) RANGE. — Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (one specimen) south through western Mexico to Oaxaca; also Nuevo Leon.] FAMILY TYRANNID^E. TYRANT FLYCATCHERS. GENUS MUSCIVORA LACEPEDE. Muscivora LACEPEDE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 5. Type, by subs, desig., Muscicapa forficata GMELIN (Fischer, 1813). [Muscivora tyrannus (LINNJSUS). Fork-tailed Flycatcher. [442.] Muscicapa tyrannus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 325. (Cayenne.) 208 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Southern Mexico to northern Patagonia; accidental in Mississippi, Kentucky, New Jersey, Maine, arid Bermuda.] Muscivora forficata (GMELIN). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. [443.] Muscicapaforficata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 931. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Breeds from southern Kansas to southern Texas, casually to southwestern Missouri, western Arkansas, and western Louisiana; winters from southern Mexico to Panama; accidental locally from Colorado, Keewatin, and New Brunswick south to Florida. GENUS TYRANNUS LACEPEDE. Tyrannus LACEPEDE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 5. Type, by tautonymy, Lanius tyrannus LINNAEUS. Tyrannus tyrannus (LINNAEUS). Kingbird. [444.] Lanius tyrannus LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 94. (Carolina.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, northern New Mexico, central Texas, and central Florida; winters from southern Mexico to Colombia, British Guiana, Peru, and Bolivia ; casual in Cuba in migration; accidental in Greenland. Tyrannus dominicSnsis (GMELIN). Gray Kingbird. [445.] Lanius dominicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 302. (Santo Domingo.) RANGE. — Breeds from Georgia, southeastern South Carolina, Florida, and Yucatan through the Bahamas and West Indies to northern South America; winters from Jamaica and Haiti southward. Tyrannus melancholicus VIEILLOT. RANGE. — South America, Central America, and Mexico, north to Lower Rio Grande Valley. a. [Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus. Extralimital.] ORDER PASSERES. 209 6. Tyrannus melancholicus couchi BAIRD. Couch's Kingbird. [446.] Tyrannus couchii BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 175. (Nuevo Leon, Mexico.) RANGE. — Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south in northeastern Mexico to Vera Cruz and Puebla; winters in Mexico. Tyrannus verticalis SAY. Arkansas Kingbird. [447.] Tyrannus verticalis SAY, in LONG'S Exped., II, 1823, 60 (note). (Near La Junta, Colorado.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds mainly in Sonoran zones, from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan south to northern Lower California and Chihuahua, east to western Minnesota, western Iowa, central Kansas, and western Texas; winters from western Mexico to Guatemala; casual in Mani- toba; accidental in Missouri, Wisconsin, Maine, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland. Tyrannus vociferans SWAINSON. Cassin's Kingbird. [448.] Tyrannus vociferans SWAINSON, Quart. Journ. Sci., XX, 1826, 273. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from central California and southern Wyoming south to Michoacan and Jalisco, Mexico, and east to eastern Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters from southern California and northern Mexico to Guatemala; casual in Oregon and northern California. GENUS PITANGUS SWAINSON. Pitangus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., Ill, 1827, 165. Type, by orig. desig., Tyrannus sulphuratus VIEILLOT = Lanius sulphuratus LINN^JUS. Pitangus sulphuratus (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Lower Rio Grande Valley, Mexico, Central and South America to Bolivia and Argentina. 210 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Pitangus sulphuratus sulphuratus. Extralimital.] b. Pitangus sulphuratus derbi&nus (KAUP). Derby Flycatcher. [449.] Saurophagus derbianus KAUP, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851 (Oct., 1852), 44, pi. xxxvi. (Zacatecas, Mexico.) RANGE. — Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south to Costa Rica. GENUS MYIODYNASTES BONAPARTE. Myiodynasles BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, II, 1857, 35. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa audax GMELIN. Myiodynastes luteiventris SCLATER. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. [451.] Myiodynastes luteiventris SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 42. (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RANGE. — Mountains of southeastern Arizona south to Panama; winters south of the United States. GENUS MYIARCHUS CABANIS. Myiarchus CABANIS, Archiv fur Naturg., 1844, I, 272. Type, by subs, desig., Muscicapa fer ox GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Myiarchus crinitus (LINNAEUS). Crested Flycatcher. [452.] Turdus crinitus LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 170. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Eastern North and northern South America. Breeds from upper edge of Transition Zone in southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to southern Texas and southern Florida; winters from eastern and southern Mexico to Panama and Colombia; accidental in Wyoming and Cuba. Myiarchus magister RIDGWAY. RANGE. — Southwestern border of the United States south to Central America. ORDER PASSERES. 211 a. Myiarchus magister magister RIDGWAY. Arizona Crested Flycatcher. [453.] Myiarchus mexicanus magister RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 90. (Camp Lowell, Arizona.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south through western Mexico to Oaxaca and Chiapas. b. Myiarchus magister nelsoni RIDGWAY. Mexican Crested Flycatcher. [453a.] Myiarchus magister nelsoni RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Pt. 4, 1907, 903. (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) RANGE. — Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south through eastern and southern Mexico to Guatemala, Honduras, and Salvador. Myiarchus cinerascens (LAWRENCE). RANGE. — Western United States south to Lower California, Mexico, and Guatemala. a. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (LAWRENCE). Ash-throated Flycatcher. [454.] Tyrannula cinerascens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., V, 1851, 121. (Between San Antonio and the Rio Grande, western Texas.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from southern Washington, northern Utah, central Colorado, and central Texas to northern Lower Cali- fornia, Sinaloa, Durango, and Tamaulipas; accidental in northern Wyoming and northern Colorado; winters south to Guatemala and Yucatan. b. Myiarchus cinerascens pertinai BAIRD. Lower California Flycatcher. [4546.] Myiarchus pertinax BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 303. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Southern half of Lower California. Myiarchus lawrencei (GIRAUD). RANGE. — Southern border of United States south to Panama. a. [Myiarchus lawrencei lawrencei. Extralimital.] 6. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RIDGWAY. Olivaceous Flycatcher. [455a.] Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 91. (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Mexico.) 212 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Southern Arizona south through western Mexico to Oaxaca; accidental in Colorado. GENUS SAYORNIS GRAY. Sayornis GRAY, Cat. Gen. Birds, 1855, 146. Type, by orig. desig., Mus- cicapa saya BONAPARTE. Sayornis phdebe (LATHAM). Phoebe. [456.] Muscicapa phoebe LATHAM, Index Orn., II, 1790, 489. (New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from southwestern Mackenzie, Alberta, southern Keewatin, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island south to north- eastern New Mexico, central Texas, northern Mississippi, and high- lands of Georgia; winters in United States south of latitude 37° south to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca; in migration casual west to Colorado and Wyoming; accidental in California and Cuba. Sayornis sayus (BONAPARTE). Say's Phoebe. [457.] Muscicapa saya BONAPARTE, Amer. Orn., I, 1825, 20. (Arkansas River, 20 miles from the Rocky Mountains.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, northeastern Alberta, southeastern Sas- katchewan, and central North Dakota south to Lower California, Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Iowa, and western Kansas ; winters from central California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and central Texas to southern Lower California, Vera Cruz, and Puebla; accidental in Wisconsin, Missouri, and Massachusetts. Sayornis nigricans (SWAINSON). Black Phoebe. [458.] Tyrannula nigricans SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, May, 1827, 367. (Tableland of Mexico.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Upper and Lowrer Sonoran zones from southwestern Oregon through California west of the Sierra to Cape San Lucas, east through southern California and Arizona to southern New Mexico and central Texas, and over Mexico (except Gulf coast) to Yucatan. ORDER PASSERES. 213 GENUS NUTTALLORNIS RIDGWAY. Nuttallornis RIDGWAY, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 337. Type, by mono- typy, Tyrannus borealis SWAIN SON. Nuttallornis borealis (SWAINSON). Olive-sided Flycatcher. [459.] Tyrannus borealis SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 141, pi. 35. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south in coniferous forests of western United States to southern California, Arizona, and western Texas, and also northern Michigan, New York, and Massa- chusetts south in mountains to North Carolina; migrates through Mexico and Central America; winters in northern South America from Colombia to Peru. GENUS MYIOCHANES CABANIS & HEINE. Myiochanes CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, 71. Type, by orig. desig., Platyrhynchus cinereus SPIX. Myiochanes pertinax (CABANIS & HEINE). RANGE. — Southern Arizona to southern Mexico. a. [Myiochanes pertinax pertinax. Extralimital.] b. Myiochanes pertinax pallidive"ntris (CHAPMAN). Coues's Flycatcher. [460.3 Contopus pertinax pallidiventris CHAPMAN, Auk, XIV, July, 1897, 310. (Pima County, Arizona.) RANGE. — Mountains of central Arizona south through Chihuahua, Sonora, and Durango to Tepic; accidental in Colorado. Myiochanes virens (LiNN^us). Wood Pewee. [461.] Muscicapa virens LINN^JUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327. (Carolina.) 214 ORDER PASSERES. RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds from Manitoba, Ontario, southern Quebec, and Prince Edward Island to southern Texas and central Florida, west to eastern Nebraska; winters from Nicaragua to Colombia and Peru; casual in Colorado; accidental in migration in Cuba. Myiochanes richardsoni (SWAINSON). RANGE. — Western North America, south in winter to Central America and western South America. a. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (SWAINSON). Western Wood Pewee. [462.] Tyrannula richardsonii SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 146, pi. 46, lower fig. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.) RANGE. — Western North America and South America. Breeds from central Alaska (casual at Point Barrow), southern Mackenzie, central Sas- katchewan, and southern Manitoba south to northern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas; migrates through Mexico and Central America; winters in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. b. Myiochanes richardsoni peninsulas (BREWSTER). Large-billed Wood Pewee. [462 a.] Contopus richardsonii peninsulce BREWSTER, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 144. (Separates publ. Feb. 17.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Cape Region of Lower California ; winters on mainland of western Mexico south to Oaxaca. GENUS EMPIDONAX CABANIS. Empidonax CABANIS, Journ. fur Orn., 1855, 480. Type by monotypy, Tyrannula pusilla SWAINSON. Empidonax flaviventris (W. M. & S. F. BAIRD). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [463.] Tyrannula flaviventris W. M. & S. F. BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 283. (Carlisle, Pennsylvania.) RANGE. — Breeds in Canadian Zone from northern Alberta, north- ern Manitoba, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to North ORDER PASSERES. 215 Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, northern New York, Pennsylvania (mountains), and New Hampshire; west in migration to the eastern border of the Plains, eastern Texas, and eastern Mexico; winters from southern Mexico and Guatemala to Panama; occa- sional in migration in western Florida; accidental in Greenland. Empidonax difficilis BAIRD. RANGE. — Western North America south to southern Mexico. a. Empidonax difficilis difficilis BAIRD. Western Flycatcher. [464.] Empidonax difficilis BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 198. (Fort Tejon, California.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from Glacier Bay, Alaska, southeastern British Columbia, Montana, and southwestern South Dakota to southern California and western Texas; winters in Mexico south to Cape San Lucas, Tres Marias Islands, and Oaxaca. 6. Empidonax difficilis cineritius BREWSTER. San Lucas Flycatcher. [464o.] Empidonax cineritius BREWSTER, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 90. (La Laguna [Sierra de la Laguna], Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds from San Diego County, California, and Hansen Laguna to Cape region of Lower California. Empidonax virescens (VIEILLOT). Acadian Flycatcher. [465.] Platyrhynchos virescens VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., XXVII, 1818, 22. (Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) RANGE. — Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds from upper limit of Carolinian Zone in northeastern Nebraska, central Iowa, Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, Connecticut (casually), and Massachusetts (one instance) south to southern Texas, the Gulf States, and northern Florida ; migrates through Yucatan and Central America and winters in Colombia and Ecuador; casual in Massachusetts; accidental in the Bahamas and Cuba in migration. Empidonax trailli (AUDUBON). RANGE. — North America; in .winter south to Central America and northern South America. 216 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Empidonax trailli trailli (AUDUBON). Traill's Flycatcher. [466.] Muscicapa traillii AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1828, pi. 45. (Woods along the prairie lands of the Arkansas River.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and Idaho to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Tamaulipas, east to Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio; winters in Central America south to Nicaragua and Colombia. b. Empidonax trailli alnorum BREWSTER. Alder Flycatcher. [466a.] Empidonax traillii alnorum BREWSTER, Auk, XII, April, 1895, 161. (Upton, Maine.) RANGE. — Breeds mainly in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to east central British Columbia, eastern Montana, southern Minnesota, southern Ontario, New York, New Jersey, and moun- tains of West Virginia; winters in Central America south to Panama; casual in migration in South Atlantic States. Empidonax minimus (W. M. & S. F. BAIRD). Least Flycatcher. [467.] Tyranmda minima W. M. & S. F. BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 284. (Carlisle, Pennsylvania.) RANGE. — Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from west central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to central Montana, eastern Wyoming, central Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; in migration west to eastern Colorado and central Texas; winters from northeastern Mexico and Yucatan to Panama and Peru; accidental in Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Empidonax hammondi (XANTUS). Hammond's Flycatcher. [468.] Tyrannula hammondii XANTUS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117. (Fort Tejon, California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from southeastern Alaska, southern Yukon, and central Alberta to southern California and Colorado; winters from northern Mexico to the highlands of Guatemala. ORDER PASSERES. 217 Empidonax wrighti BAIRD. Wright's Flycatcher. [469.] Empidonax wrightii BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 200. (El Paso, Texas.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from southern British Columbia and southwestern Saskatchewan south to central California, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, and east to eastern base of the Rocky Mountains; winters from northern to southern Mexico. Empidonax griseus BREWSTER. Gray Flycatcher. [469.1.] Empidonax griseus BREWSTER, Auk, VI, April, 1889, 87. (Separates publ. Jan. 31.) (La Paz, Lower California.) RANGE. — Southwestern United States and Mexico. Breeds from mountains of southern California, Arizona, and southern New Mexico to southern end of the Mexican tableland; winters from southern Cali- fornia and southern Arizona south in Lower California and Mexico to Puebla and Tepic; casual in Colorado. Empidonax fulvifrons (GIRAUD). RANGE. — Guatemala north to Arizona and New Mexico. a. [Empidonax fulvifrons fulvifrons. Extralimital.] 6. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmseus COUES. Buff -breasted Flycatcher. [470o.] Empidonax pygmceus COUES, Ibis, Oct., 1865, 537. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona, New Mexico, and south through Chihuahua to Durango; winters south of the United States to Jalisco, Tepic, Morelos, and Michoacan. GENUS PYROCEPHALUS GOULD. Pyrocephalus GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 1839, 44. Type, by monotypy Pyrocephalus parvirostris GOULD 4- Musdcapa coronata GMELIN = Muscicapa rubinus BODDAERT. Pyrocephalus rubinus (BODDAERT). RANGE. — Southern border of the United States south through the greater part of South America. 218 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus. Extralimital.] 6. Pyrocephalus rubinus meadcanus SCLATER. Vermilion Flycatcher. [471.] Pyrocephalus mexicanus SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 45. (Mexico.) RANGE. — Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, western and southern Arizona, south- ern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to Lower California, Guatemala, Honduras, and Yucatan; accidental in Florida. GENUS CAMPTOSTOMA SCLATER. Camptostoma SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 203. Type, by orig. ; desig., Camptostoma imberbe SCLATER. Camptostoma imberbe SCLATER. Beardless Flycatcher. [472.] Camptostoma imberbe SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 203. (San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona and valley of the Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south through Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua. SUBORDER OSCINES. SONG BIRDS. FAMILY ALAUDID-ffi. LARKS. [GENUS ALAUDA LINNAEUS. Alauda LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 165. Type, by subs, desig., Alauda arvensis LINN^US (Swainson, 1827). Alatida arvensis LINN^US. Skylark. [473.] Alauda arvensis LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 165. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Europe and northern Africa; accidental in Greenland and Bermuda; introduced into the United States; at present resident and breeding on Long Island, N. Y., but apparently not spreading; introduced also on Oahu, Hawaii.] ORDER PASSERES. 219 GENUS OTOCORIS BONAPARTE. Otocoris BONAPARTE, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. [Bologna], II, 1838, 407. Type, by monotypy, Phileremos cornutus BONAPABTE = Alauda cornuta WILSON = Alauda alpestris LINN.EUS. Otocoris alpestris (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — North America, northern South America, northern Africa, Europe, and Asia. a. Otocoris alpestris alpestris (LINNJSUS). Horned Lark. [474.] Alauda alpestris LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 166. (Sea shore of Carolina.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Arctic Zone of Canada from Boothia Peninsula south to head of James Bay, Labrador, and Newfoundland; winters south to the Ohio Valley and Georgia ; casual in Louisiana and Ber- muda; accidental in Greenland. b. Otocoris alpestris arcticola OBERHOLSER. Pallid Horned Lark. [474a.] Otocoris alpestris arcticola OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI V> 1902, 816. (Fort Reliance, Yukon, Canada.) RANGE. — Northwestern North America. Breeds in Alaska (except Pacific coast strip) and in upper Yukon Valley; winters south to Oregon, Utah, and Montana. c. Otocoris alpestris praticola HENSHAW. Prairie Horned Lark. [4746.] Otocorys alpestris praticola HENSHAW, Auk, I, July, 1884, 264. (Richland County, Illinois.) RANGE. — Northeastern United States and Canada. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone from southern Manitoba and southern Quebec to eastern Kansas, southern Missouri, Ohio, West Virginia, and Connecticut; winters south to Texas, Tennessee, and Georgia, and casually to Arizona and Colorado. d. Otocoris alpestris leucolsema (COUES). Desert Horned Lark. [474c.] Eremophila alpestris var. leucolcema COUES, Birds N. W., 1874, 38, 39. (Fort Randall, South Dakota.) RANGE. — Great Plains and Great Basin. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone from southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan to southern Nevada, north- ern New Mexico, and western Kansas; winters south to southeastern California, Texas, and Sonora. 220 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Otocoris alpestris giraudi HENSHAW. Texas Horned Lark. [474d.] Otocorys alpestris giraudi HENSHAW, Auk, I, July, 1884, 266. (Corpus Christi, Texas.) RANGE. — Coast of Texas and Tamaulipas from Galveston Bay to a little south of the Rio Grande. /. Otocoris alpestris actia OBERHOLSER. California Horned Lark. [474e.] Otocoris alpestris actia OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 845. (Jacumba, San Diego Co., California.) RANGE. — San Francisco Bay to northern Lower California, and the San Joaquin Valley. g. Otocoris alpestris rubea HENSHAW. Ruddy Horned Lark. [474/.] Otocorys alpestris rubeus HENSHAW, Auk, I, July, 1884, 23A (Stockton, California.) RANGE. — Sacramento Valley, California. h. Otocoris alpestris strigata HENSHAW. Streaked Horned Lark. [474. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (WILSON). Savannah Sparrow. [542 a.] Fringilla savanna WILSON, Amer. Orn., Ill, 1811, 55, pi. 22, fig. 3. (Near Great Egg Harbor, N. J.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Boreal and Transi- tion zones from central Keewatin and northern Ungava south to northern Iowa (casually Missouri), northern Indiana, mountains of Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Long Island, and casually in southern New Jersey; winters from southern Indiana and southern New Jersey south to northeastern Mexico, the Gulf coast, Bahamas, and Cuba ; casual in Bermuda. c. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus BONAPARTE. Western Savannah Sparrow. [5426.] Passerculus alaudinus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, 1853, 918. (California.) ORDER PASSERES. 255 RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds from the Arctic coast of Alaska and Mackenzie to southern part of Mexican tableland, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, and from the Pacific coast north of California to the western border of the Great Plains (in migration to middle of the Plains) ; winters from northern California and northern Texas to Lower California, Mexico (except the tropi- cal border), and south to Guatemala. d. Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti RIDGWAY. Bryant's Sparrow. [542 c.] Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1885, 517. (Oakland, California.) RANGE. — Coast of California. Breeds on salt marshes from Humboldt Bay to San Francisco Bay; winters coastwise to southern California; occa- sional in the Valley of Mexico. Passerculus beldingi RIDGWAY. Belding's Sparrow. [543.] Passerculus beldingi RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1885, 516. (San Diego, California.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of southern California and Lower Cali- fornia from Santa Barbara to Todos Santos Island and San Quintin Bay. Passerculus rostratus (CASSIN). RANGE. — Southern California, Lower California, and adjacent islands. a. Passerculus rostratus rostratus (CASSIN). Large-billed Sparrow. [544.] Emberiza rostrata CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 184. (San Diego, California.) RANGE. — Coast of southern California and Lower California. Breeding range unknown, but probably from about San Pedro, California, to near San Quintin Bay, Lower California; winters from San Pedro southward along both coasts of Lower California to Cape San Lucas, and on Todos Santos Island and coast of Sonora as far as Guaymas; casual in Arizona. b. Passerculus rostratus guttatus LAWRENCE. San Lucas Sparrow. [544a.] Passerculus guttatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 473. (San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California.) RANGE. — Lower California. Breeds on Abreojos Point; winters in south- ern part of the Peninsula (San Jose del Cabo). 256 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Passerculus rostratus sanctorum RIDGWAY. San Benito Sparrow. [544c.] Passerculus sanctorum RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 538. (San Benito Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — San Benito Island, Lower California ; south in winter to the Cape Region. GENUS AMMODRAMUS SWAINSON. Ammodramus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 435. Type, by monotypy, Ammodramus bimaculatus SWAINSON. SUBGENUS CENTRONYX BAIRD. Centronyx BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 440. Type, by monotypy, Emberiza bairdii AUDUBON. Ammodramus bairdi (AUDUBON). Baird's Sparrow. [545.] Emberiza bairdii AUDUBON, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 359, pi. 500. (East- ern Montana, near Old Fort Union, North Dakota.) RANGE. — Great Plains region. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southwestern Saskatchewan and southwestern Keewatin to central Montana, central North Dakota, and northwestern Minne- sota; migrates through Arizona and New Mexico and winters from central Texas to Chihuahua and northern Sonora; accidental on Long Island, N. Y. SUBGENUS AMMODRAMUS SWAINSON. Ammodramus savannarum (GMELIN). RANGE. — United States south to the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. a. [Ammodramus savannarum savannarum. Extralimital.] b. Ammodramus savannarum australis MAYNARD. Grasshopper Sparrow. [546.] Ammodromus australis MAYNARD, Amer. Exch. and Mart, III, 1887, 33. (Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.) ORDER PASSERES. 257 RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Austral zones (sporadically in Transition) east of the Great Plains from southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and southern New Hampshire south to southern Louisiana, central Alabama, northern Georgia, and northern South Carolina; winters from south- ern Illinois and North Carolina south to the Bahamas, Cuba, Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and the Gulf coast of Mexico; casual in Maine. /-. Ammodramus savannanim bimaculatus SWAINSON. Western Grass- hopper Sparrow. [546a.] Ammodramus bimaculatus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 435. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and south- ern Minnesota south to southern California and southern Texas; winters from southern California and southern Texas southward to Cape San Lucas, Guate- mala, and Costa Rica. d. Ammodramus savannanim floridanus (MEARNS). Florida Grasshopper Sparrow. [5466.] Coturniculus savannarum floridanus MEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 915. (Kissimmee Prairie, 7 miles east of Alligator Bluff, Os- ceola Co., Florida.) RANGE. — Central Florida (Kissimmee Prairie region). GENUS PASSERHERBULUS MATNARD. Passerherbulus MAYNARD, Birds East. N. A., ed. 2, Pt. 40, 1895, 707. Type, by orig. desig., Emberiza leconteii AUDUBON. Passerherbulus henslowi (AUDUBON). RANGE. — Eastern United States west to the Great Plains. o. Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi (AUDUBON). Henslow's Sparrow. [547.] Emberiza henslowii AUDUBON, Birds. Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pi. 70. ("Op- posite Cincinnati, in the state of Kentucky.") RANGE. — Eastern United States. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from central Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and southern New Hamp- shire south to southern Missouri and northern Virginia; winters in southern United States to Texas and southern Florida. 258 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. h. Passerherbulus henslowi occidentalis (BREWSTER). Western Henslow's Sparrow. [547a.] Ammodramus henslowii occidentalis BREWSTER, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 145. (Moody Co., South Dakota.) RANGE, — Breeds from South Dakota to northern Texas; winters in south- eastern Texas. Passerherbulus lecontei (AUDUBON). Leconte's Sparrow. [548]. Emberiza leconteii AUDUBON, Birds Amer., VU, 1844, 338, pi. 488. (South- ern South Dakota, south of mouth of White River.) RANGE. — Central North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from Great Slave Lake, Mackenzie, southern Sas- katchewan, and Manitoba southward to North Dakota and southern Minnesota; winters from southern Kansas and southern Missouri to Texas, Florida, and the coast of South Carolina, and occasionally to North Carolina; casual in Ontario and New York; accidental in Idaho and Colorado. Passerherbulus caudacutus (GMELIN). Sharp-tailed Sparrow. [549.] Oriolus caudacutus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 394. (New York.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of Atlantic coast. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from Massachusetts to Virginia; winters on salt marshes from New Jersey (casually from Massachusetts) to Florida. Passerherbulus nelsoni (ALLEN). RANGE. — Eastern North America, breeding mainly north of the United States, south in winter to the South Atlantic and Gulf States. a. Passerherbulus nelsoni nelsoni (ALLEN). Nelson's Sparrow. [549.1.] Ammodromus caudacutus var. nelsoni ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVII, 1875, 293. (Calumet Marshes, Ainsworth, now South Chicago, Illinois.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and upper Transi- tion zones from Great Slave Lake and west central Alberta southeastward to southwestern Manitoba and northeastern South Dakota; winters on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina to Florida and Texas; north- ward on the Atlantic coast during migration at least to New York, Massa- chusetts, and Maine; accidental in California. ORDER PASSERES. 259 6. Passerherbulus nelsoni subvirgatus (DWIGHT). Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow. [549. la.] Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus DWIGHT, Auk, IV, July, 1887, 233. (Hillsborough, Albert Co., N. B.) RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds mainly in Canadian Zone from southeastern Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Cape Breton Island to Maine; winters on coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Passe rherbulus maritimus (WILSON). RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Massa- chusetts to Texas. o. Passerherbulus maritimus maritimus (WILSON). Seaside Sparrow. [550.] Fringilla maritima WILSON, Amer. Orn., IV, 1811, 68, pi. 34, fig. 2. (" Sea islands along our Atlantic coast.") RANGE. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds chiefly in Upper Austral Zone from southern Massachusetts to Virginia ; winters from Virginia to Georgia. 6. Passerherbulus maritimus peninsula (ALLEN). Scott's Seaside Sparrow. [550a.] Ammodramus maritimus peninsulas ALLEN, Auk, V, July, 1888, 284. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RANGE. — West coast of Florida, from Tarpon Springs at least to Cedar Keys. c. Passerherbulus maritimus sennetti (ALLEN). Texas Seaside Sparrow. [5506.] Ammodramus maritimus sennetti ALLEN, Auk, V, July, 1888, 286. (Cor- pus Christi, Texas.) RANGE. — Coast of Texas from Galveston southwest at least to Corpus Christi. . Certhia familiaris americana BONAPARTE. Brown Creeper. [726.] Certhia americana BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 11. ("West- ern [ = eastern] and northern parts" of North America.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transition zones from southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to eastern Nebraska, northern Indiana, northern New York, and Massachusetts, and south along the Alleghenies to North Carolina, and casually in southeastern Missouri; winters over a large part of its breeding range and south to central Texas and northern Florida. c. Certhia familiaris albescens BERLEPSCH. Mexican Creeper. [726a,j Certhia mexicana albescens BERLEPSCH, Auk, V, Oct., 1888, 450. (Ciudad, western Durango, Mexico.) RANGE. — Lower Canadian and Transition zones from southern Arizona south to Tepic and Zacatecas, Mexico. d. Certhia familiaris montana RIDGWAY. Rocky Mountain Creeper. [7266.] Certhia familiaris montana RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 114. (Camp Apache, Arizona.) RANGE. — Boreal zones from central Alaska (Mt. McKinley), central British Columbia, and central Alberta south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico; in winter to southeastern California and probably into Mexico. -• . Certhia familiaris occidentalis RIDGWAY. California Creeper. [726c.] Certhia familiaris occidentalis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 115. (Simiahmoo, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast, in Canadian and Transition zones, from Sitka, Alaska, to Santa Cruz Mountains, California. ORDER PASSERES. 345 /. Certhia familiaris zelotes OSGOOD. Sierra Creeper. [726d.] Certhia familiaris zelotes OSGOOD, Auk, XVIII, April, 1901, 182. (Battle Creek, Tehama Co., California.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones from the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and the Sierra Nevada of California south to San Jacinto Mountains, spreading into adjacent valleys in winter. FAMILY SITTIDJE. NUTHATCHES. GENUS SITTA LINNJSUS. ^Sitta LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europcea LINNAEUS. Sitta carolinensis LATHAM. RANGE. — Temperate North America south (in mountains) to Lower California and central and southern Mexico. a. Sitta carolinensis carolinensis LATHAM. White-breasted Nuthatch. [727.] Sitta carolinensis LATHAM, Index Orn., I, 1790, 262. (Carolina.) RANGE. — North America east of the Plains. Breeds in Canadian, Transi- tion, and Upper Austral zones from northern Minnesota, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the northern parts of the Gulf States; casual in Keewatin. 6. Sitta carolinensis aculeata CASSIN. Slender-billed Nuthatch. [727a.] Sitta aculeata CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1856, 254. (California.) RANGE. — Pacific coast region. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia to northern Lower California and from the Pacific coast east to the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. c. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi SCOTT. Florida White-breasted Nuthatch. [7276.] Sitta carolinensis atkinsi SCOTT, Auk, VII, April, 1890, 118. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RANGE. — Breeds in Lower Austral Zone from Mississippi eastward along the Gulf coast to Florida. 346 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. '/. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni MEARNS. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. [727 r.] Sitta carolinensis nelsoni MEARNS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 923. (Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.) RANGE. — Interior of North America. Breeds mainly in the Transition Zone from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and western Manitoba south to Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila, and from the eastern base of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada eastward across the Rocky Mountains. e. Sitta carolinensis lagunse BREWSTER. San Lucas Nuthatch. [727 d.] Sitta carolinensis lagunce BREWSTER, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 149. (Sepa- rates publ. Feb. 17.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition Zone of the Cape Region of Lower California. Sitta canadensis LINNAEUS. Red-breasted Nuthatch. [728.] Sitta canadensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 177. (Canada.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from the upper Yukon Valley, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Minnesota, Michigan, and Massachusetts, and south in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains to California, Arizona, and New Mexico, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; also on Guadalupe Island, Lower California; winters from southern Canada south to Lower California, New Mexico, Arizona, and the Gulf coast. Sitta pusilla LATHAM. Brown-headed Nuthatch. [729.] Sitta pusilla LATHAM, Index Orn., I, 1790, 263. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from southern Missouri and southern Delaware south to eastern Texas and southern Florida; casual in southern Michigan, Ohio, New York, and the Bahamas. Sitta pygmaea VIGORS. RANGE. — Western North America from southern British Columbia south (in mountains) to Lower California and Mexico. a. Sitta pygmsea pygmsea VIGORS. Pygmy Nuthatch. [730.] Sitta pygmcea VIGORS, in Zool. Beechey's Voy., 1839, 25, pi. 4. (Monterey, California.) ORDEK PASSERES. 347 RANGE. — Western United States and Mexico. Breeds in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia, Montana, and southeastern Wyoming to Jalisco, Michoacan, Puebla, and Vera Cruz, Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains (Colorado and eastern New Mexico) ; casual in South Dakota and Nebraska. 6. Sitta pygmsea leuconucha ANTHONY. White-naped Nuthatch. [730a.] Sitta pygmcea leuconucha ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, II, Oct. 11, 1889, 77. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition Zone from San Diego County, California, south to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. FAMILY PARXDJE. TITMICE. GENUS B.ffiOLOPHUS CABANIS. Bceolophus CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 91. Type, by monotypy, Parus bicolor LINNAEUS. Baeolophus bicolor (LINNAEUS). Tufted Titmouse. [731.] Parus bicolor LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 340. (Carolina.) RANGE. — Carolinian and Austroriparian zones of eastern United States from Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey south to central Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida; casual in southern parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and Connecticut. Bseolophus atricristatus (CASSIN). RANGE. — Central and southern Texas south in eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz. a Bseolophus atricristatus atricristatus (CASSIN). Black-crested Titmouse. [732.] Parus atricristatus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 103, pi. 2. (Rio Grande, Texas.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical zones from the Rio Grande Valley south through eastern Mexico to Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and northern Vera Cruz. 348 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 6. Bseolophus atricristatus se*nnetti RIDGWAY. Bennett's Titmouse. [732a.] Bueolophus atricristatus sennetti RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Pt. 3, 1904, 386. (Leon Springs, Bexar Co., Texas.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran Zone of central Texas, from Tom Green and Concho counties east to the Brazos River, and from Young County south to Nueces and Bee counties. Bseolophus inorn£tus (GAMBEL). RANGE. — Arid districts of western United States south to Lower California and the northern border of Mexico. a. Bseolophus inornatus inornatus (GAMBEL). Plain Titmouse. [733.] Parus inornatus GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 265. ("Upper California." "First discovered near Monterey.") RANGE. — California west of the Sierra Nevada. Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from Mendocino and Siskiyou counties to northern Lower California. b. Bseolophus inornatus grfseus (RIDGWAY). Gray Titmouse. [733a.] Lophophanes inornatus griseus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 344. (Iron City, Iron Co., Utah.) RANGE. — Mountains of the arid interior of western United States. Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from Nevada, Utah, and central Colorado to south- eastern California, southern Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and western Texas. c. Bseolophus inornatus cineraceus (RIDGWAY). Ashy Titmouse. [7336.] Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 154. (Laguna, Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone of the Cape Region of Lower California. Bffioloplius wollweberi (BONAPARTE). Bridled Titmouse. [734.] Lophophanes wollweberi BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXI, 1850, 478. (Zacatecas, Mexico.) RANGE. — Breeds mainly in Upper Sonoran Zone of mountains of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico and south through Mexico to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz. ORDER PASSERES. 349 GENUS PENTHESTES REICHENBACH. Penthestes REICHENBACH, Avium Syst. Nat., 1850, pi. Ixii. Type, by orig. desig., Parus lugubris TEMMINCK. PenthSstes atricapillus (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — North America from tree limit to about the middle of the United States. a. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus (LINNAEUS). Chickadee. [735.] Parus atricapillus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 341. (Canada.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones of eastern North America from southeastern Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Missouri, Illinois, northern Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies south to North Carolina; somewhat further south in winter. b. Penthestes atricapillus septentrionalis (HARRIS). Long-tailed Chickadee. [735a.] Parus septentrionalis HARRIS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil a., II, 1845, 300. (Yellowstone River, about 30 miles "below" [ = above] its junction with the Missouri, Montana.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transi- tion zones from Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, central Mackenzie, and southwest- ern Keewatin south to northern New Mexico and eastern Kansas, and from eastern Oregon east to western Minnesota and western Iowa; south in winter to central Texas. c. Penthestes atricapillus occiden tails (BAIRD). Oregon Chickadee. [7356.] Parus occidentalis BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 391. (Shoal water Bay, Washington.) RANGE. — Transition Zone of Northwest coast from British Columbia to Oregon. d. Penthestes atricapillus turneri (RIDGWAY). Yukon Chickadee. [735c.] Parus atricapillus lurneri RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 89. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RANGE. — Breeds in Hudsonian Zone of northern Alaska north and west of Cook Inlet. 350 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Penthestes carolinensis (AUDUBON). RANGE. — Southeastern United States west to eastern Texas. a. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis (AUDUBON). Carolina Chickadee. [736.] Parus carolinensis AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 341. (Near New Orleans, La., or Charleston, S. C.) RANGE. — Southeastern United States. Breeds in Carolinian and Austro- riparian zones from central Missouri, Indiana, central Ohio, Pennsylvania (sparingly), and central New Jersey, south to southeastern Louisiana, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida. 6. Penthestes carolinensis &gilis (SENNETT). Plumbeous Chickadee. [736o.] Parus carolinensis agilis SENNETT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 46. (Bee Co., Texas.) RANGE. — Western part of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone from northern Oklahoma to Refugio and Kendall counties, Texas, and east to northwestern Louisiana. c. Penthestes carolinensis impiger (BANGS). Florida Chickadee. [7366.] Parus carolinensis impiger BANGS, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, IV, March 16, 1903, 1. (Deep Creek, about 3 miles from Lake Ashby, Florida.) RANGE. — East central Florida. Penthestes sclateri (KLEINSCHMIDT). Mexican Chickadee. [737.] Parus sclateri KLEINSCHMIDT, Journ. fur Orn., 1897, 92 (note). (El Jacale, eastern Mexico.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones in mountains of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico east to Coahuila and south to Michoacan and Oaxaca, Mexico. Penthestes gambeli (RIDGWAY). RANGE. — Mountains of western North America from central British Columbia to Lower California. a. Penthestes gambeli gambeli (RIDGWAY). Mountain Chickadee. [738.] Parus gambeli RIDGWAY, in A. O. U. Check-List, 1886, 335. (About one day's journey west of Santa Fe, New Mexico.) RANGE. — Canadian and Transition zones in mountains from central British Columbia, west central Alberta, and east central Montana south to the southern Sierra Nevada in California and mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. ORDER PASSERES. 351 b. Penthestes gambeli bafleyse (GRINNELL). Bailey's Mountain Chickadee. [738a.] Parus gambeli bailey ce GRINNELL, Condor, X, 1908, 29. (Mount Wilson, at 5500 feet, Los Angeles Co., California.) RANGE. — Mountains of Great Basin region and northern Lower California. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from the Maury Mountains, Ore- gon, south over Nevada and eastern California to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Penthestes cinctus (BODDAERT). RANGE. — Siberia from the Yenesei River eastward to Alaska and Anderson River, Mackenzie. a. [Penthestes cinctus cinctus. Extralimital.] b. Penthestes cinctus alasce'nsis (PRAZ^K). Alaska Chickadee. [739.] Paecila cincta alascensis PRAZ^K, Orn. Jahrbuch, VI, 1895, 92. (Alaska.) RANGE. — Shores of Okhotsk Sea, Siberia, and northern Alaska (St. Michael and Kowak River), and east to northwestern Mackenzie (Anderson River) in Hudson ian Zone. Penthestes hudsonicus (FORSTER). RANGE. — Northern North America, breeding almost wholly north of the United States. a. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus (J. R. FORSTER). Hudsonian Chick- adee. [740.] Parus hudsonicus FORSTER, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 383, 430. (Sev- ern River, west coast of Hudson Bay, Canada.) RANGE. — Northern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from Kowak Valley, Alaska, and tree limit in central Mackenzie and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia, central Alberta (cas- ually Montana), northern Manitoba, central Ontario, and Ungava; south in winter casually to northern Illinois. 6. Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis (H. BRYANT). Acadian Chickadee. [740a.] Parus hudsonicus, var. littoralis BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., IX, 1865, 368. (Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.) 352 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Northeastern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northern Quebec and Newfoundland south to the Adirondacks of New York and mountains of northern Vermont and central New Hampshire; migrating casually to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Penthestes rufescens (TOWNSEND). RANGE. — Pacific coast region of North America from Prince William Sound, Alaska, south to Monterey Bay, California. a. Penthestes rufescens rufescens (J. K. TOWNSEND). Chestnut-backed Chickadee. [741.] Parus rufescens TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 190. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast in Canadian and humid Transition zones from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Sonoma County, California, and east to western Montana. b. Penthestes rufescens neglectus (RIDGWAY). California Chickadee. [741a.j Parus rufescens /?. neglectus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, 1879, 485. (Nicasio, Marin Co., California.) RANGE. — Coast of middle California in the humid Transition Zone of Sonoma and Marin counties. c. Penthestes rufescens b&rlowi (GRINNELL). Barlow's Chickadee. [7416.] Parus rufescens barlowi GRINNELL, Condor, II, Nov. 16, 1900, 127. (Stevens Creek Canon, Santa Clara Co., California.) RANGE. — Coast of middle California in Transition Zone from San Francisco Bay to a little south of Monterey Bay. GENUS PSALTRIPARUS BONAPARTE. Psaltriparus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXI, 1850, 478. Type, by monotypy, Psaltriparus personatus BONAPARTE = Parus melanotis HARTLAUB. Psaltriparus minimus (TOWNSEND). RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America from southern British Columbia to the Cape Region of Lower California, and eastward to interior of Oregon and California. ORDER PASSERES. 353 a. Psaltriparus minimus minimus (J. K. TOWNSEND). Bush-Tit. [743.] Parus minimus TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 190. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia and northern Washington to northern Lower California. 6. Psaltriparas minimus californicus RIDGWAY. California Bush-Tit. [743a.] Psaltriparus minimus californicus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 89. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of Oregon and California (except coast strip) from northeastern Oregon to southern California. c. Psaltriparus minimus grindae RIDGWAY. Grinda's Bush-Tit. [7436.] Psaltriparus grinds RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 155. (Laguna, Lower California.) RANGE. — Cape Region of Lower California in Upper Sonoran Zone. Psaltriparus plumbeus (BAIRD). Lead-colored Bush-Tit. [744.] Psaltria plumbea BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 118. (Little Colorado River, near Long. 111° W., Arizona.) RANGE. — Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of the arid interior from eastern Oregon and western Wyoming south to southeastern California, northern Sonora, and western Texas, and from western Nevada to central Colorado. Psaltriparus melanotis (HARTLAUB). RANGE. — Southern border of western United States, Mexico, and Guatemala. a. [Psaltriparus melanotis melanotis. Extralimital.] 6. Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi SENNETT. Lloyd's Bush-Tit. [745.] Psaltriparus U-oydi SENNETT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 43. (Limpia Canon, near Fort Davis, Jeff Davis Co., Texas.) RANGE. — Mountains of southeastern desert region, mainly in Upper Son- oran Zone, in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas (mountains between Pecos River and Rio Grande) south into Sonora and Chihuahua. 354 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS AURIPARUS BAIRD. Auriparus BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, Aug., 1864, 85. Type, by orig. desig., jEgithalus flaviceps SUNDEVALL. Auriparus flaviceps (SUNDEVALL). RANGE. — Desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico. a. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (SUNDEVALL). Verdin. [746.] jEgithalus flaviceps SUNDEVALL, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., VII, 1850, 129 (note). (California.) RANGE. — Sonoran deserts of southwestern United States and Mexico from southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to northern Lower California, north- ern Sonora, Durango, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas. b. Auriparus flaviceps lamproce"phalus OBERHOLSER. Cape Verdin. [746a.] Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus OBERHOLSER, Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, 391. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran Zone in the southern half of Lower California south of latitude 29° 30' (Yubay) and southwestern Sonora. FAMILY CHAM2EID2E. WREN-TITS. GENUS CHAMJEA GAMBEL. Chamcea GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill, 1847, 154. Type, by orig. desig., Parus fasciat us GAMBEL. Chamsea fasciata (GAMBEL). RANGE. — Pacific coast from Oregon south to northern Lower California and east to interior of California. a. Chamsea fasciata fasciata^(GAMBEL). Wren-Tit. [742.] Parus fasciatus GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 265. (California.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran Zone on the eastern and southern shores of San Francisco Bay and adjacent Santa Clara Valley. OKDER PASSERES. 355 6. Chamaea fasciata henshawi RIDGWAY. PaUid Wren- Tit. [742a.] Chamcea fasciata henshawi RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 13. (Walker Basin, between Kernville and Caliente, California.) RANGE. — Upper Sonoran Zone of foothills and valleys of interior and southern California from Shasta County south to northern Lower California, and along the coast from Monterey Bay southward. c. Chamsea fasciata phaea OSGOOD. Coast Wren- Tit. [7426.] Chamcea fasciata phcea OSGOOD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, May 29, 1899, 42. (Newport, Yaquina Bay, Oregon.) RANGE. — Humid Transition Zone of Pacific coast of Oregon and northern California (from Columbia River to Humboldt Bay). d. Chamsea fasciata rufula RIDGWAY. Ruddy Wren-Tit. [742c.] Chamcea fasciata rufula RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Sept. 30, 1903, 109. (Nicasio, Marin Co., California.) RANGE. — Humid Transition coast strip of California from southern Hum- boldt County south to Santa Cruz. FAMILY SYLVIID^E. WARBLERS, KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS. SUBFAMILY SYLV1IN2E. WARBLERS. GENUS ACANTHOPNEUSTE J. H. BLASIUS. Acanthopneuste BLASIUS, Naumannia, 1858, 313. Type, by subs, desig., Phyllopneuste borealis BLASIUS (Ridgway, 1904). Acanthopneuste borealis (BLASIUS). Kennicott's Willow Warbler. [747.] Phyllopneuste borealis BLASIUS, Naumannia, 1858, 313. (Sea of Okh- otsk, Lat. 59° 38' N., Long. 147° 30' E.) RANGE. — Western Alaska. Breeds from Kowak River to Nusha- gak River; winters south to southeastern Asia. 356 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBFAMILY REGULINJE. KINGLETS. GENUS REGULUS CUVIER. Regulus CUVIER, Logons Anat. Comp., I, 1800, table ii. Type, by mono- typy, "Les Roitelets" = Motacilla regulus LINNAEUS. Regrulus satrapa LICHTENSTEIN. RANGE. — Northern North America, breeding mainly (except in mountains) north of the United States; south in winter to the Gulf coast and highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. a. Regulus satrapa satrapa LICHTENSTEIN. Golden-crowned Kinglet. [748.] Regulus satrapa LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 35. (North America.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northern Alberta, southern Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Cape Breton Island south in Rocky Mountains to northern Arizona and New Mexico, and to Michigan, New York, and mountains of Massachusetts, and in the higher Alleghenies south to North Carolina; winters from Iowa (casually Minnesota), Ontario, and New Brunswick to northern Florida and Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico. b. Regulus satrapa olivaceus BAIRD. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. [748a.] Regulus satrapa var. olivaceus BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 65. (Simiahmoo, Washington.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from Kadiak Island and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, south through eastern Oregon to San Jacinto Mountains, California; winters from British Columbia (casually Alaska) to the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. Regulus calendula (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Northern North America, breeding north of the United States and in mountains south to New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Guadalupe Island, Lower California; south in winter to the tableland of Mexico and Guatemala. a. Regulus calendula calendula (LINKSEUS). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. [749.] Motacilla calendula LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 337. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) ORDER PASSERES. 357 RANGE. — Northern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from north- western Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and west central Ungava south in mountains to southern California, southern Arizona, central New Mexico, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (casually Maine) ; winters from southern British Columbia, Iowa, and Virginia (casually further north) south over the United States and the Mexican tableland to Guatemala; accidental in Greenland. b. Regulus calendula grinnglli W. PALMER. Sitka Kinglet. [749a.] Regulus calendula grinnelli PALMER, Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, 399. (Sitka, Alaska.) RANGE. — Pacific coast. Breeds from Prince William Sound and Skagway, Alaska, to British Columbia; winters south to middle California. c. Regulus calendula obscurus RIDGWAY. Dusky Kinglet. [7496.] Regulus calendula obscurus RIDGWAY, Bull. Geol. & Geog^ Suj-v. Terr., II, No. 2, 1876, 184. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RANGE. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California. SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINJ5. GNATCATCHEBS. GENUS POLIOPTILA SCLATER. Polioptila SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 11. Type, by orig. desig., Motacilla ccerulea LINN^US. Polidptila caeriilea RANGE. — Southern United States and Mexico. a. Polioptila caerulea caerulea (LINNAEUS). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. [751.] Motacilla caerulea LINN.EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 337. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RANGE. — Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian and Carolinian zones from eastern Nebraska and southern parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario, and southwestern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and southern New Jersey south to southern Texas and central Florida; winters from southern Texas, Gulf States, and northern Florida to the Bahamas and Cuba and through eastern Mexico to Yucatan and Guatemala; casual north- ward to southeastern Minnesota, New England, and New York. 358 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Polioptila caerulea obscura RIDGWAY. Western Gnatcatcher. [75 la.] Polioptila ccerulea obscura RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 535 (note). (San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower California.) RANGE. — Western United States and Mexico. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from Siskiyou County, California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and Colorado south to the Cape Region of Lower California, and on the tableland of Mexico to Guanajuato, and east to Pecos River, Texas ; winters from southern California and southern Arizona south to Cape San Lucas, Colima, Morelos, and Puebla. Polioptila plumbea (BAIRD). Plumbeous Gnatcatcher. [752.] Culicivora plumbea BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 118. (Bill Williams Fork [Big Sandy River, Lat. 34° 32' N., Long. 113° 30' W.], Arizona.) RANGE. — Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, west central New Mexico, and the Rio Grande Valley south to Cape San Lucas, Sonora, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Polioptila calif 6 mica BREWSTER. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. [753.] Polioptila calif ornica BREWSTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, April, 1881, 103. (Riverside, San Bernardino Co., California.) RANGE. — Southern and Lower California. Breeds mainly in Upper Sonoran Zone from Ventura County south in Lower California to San Fernando; in winter to Espiritu Santo Island; casual east to Fort Yuma. FAMILY TURDIDJE. THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, STONECHATS, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. SUBFAMILY M7ADESTINJE. SOLITAIRES. GENUS MYADESTES SWAINSON. Myadestes SWAINSON, Nat. Libr., XIII, Flycatchers, 1838, 132. Type, by monotypy, Myadestes genibarbis SWAINSON. ORDER PASSERES. 359 Myadestes townsendi (AUDUBON). Townsend's Solitaire. [754.] Ptilogony's townsendi AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pi. 419, fig. 2. (Near Fort George, Columbia River = near Astoria, Oregon.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from east central Alaska, southwestern Mackenzie, and western Alberta south through the Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino Mountains, California, and through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico; reported breeding in Transition Zone in mountains of Durango, Zacatecas, and Coahuila, Mexico; winters from southern British Columbia and Montana southward, straggling to central Texas, Kansas, and Illinois; accidental in New York. SUBFAMILY TUEDINJE. THRUSHES. GENUS H7LOCIGHLA BAIRD. Hylocichla BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 12, 13. Type, by orig- desig., Turdus mustelinus GMELIN. Hylocichla mustelina (GMELIN). Wood Thrush. [755.] Turdus mustelinus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 817. (New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southern South Dakota, central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and southern New Hampshire south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, and northern Florida; winters from Puebla, southern Mexico, to Nicaragua and Costa Rica; casual in migration in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica; accidental in Colorado, Maine, and Bermuda. Hylocichla fuscescens (STEPHENS). RANGE. — Southern Canada and northern United States; in winter northern South America to Brazil. a. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (STEPHENS). Veery. [756.] Turdus fuscescens STEPHENS, General Zoology, X, i, 1817, 182. (Penn- sylvania.) 360 CHECK-LIST OF NOKTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Alleghenian zones from northern Michigan, central Ontario, Anticosti, and Newfoundland south to northern Illinois, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, and northern New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina and northern Georgia; migrates through Yucatan and Central America; winters in Colombia, British Guiana, and Brazil. b. Eylocichla fuscescens salicicola RIDGWAY. Willow Thrush. [756o.] Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, 374. (Fort Garland, Colorado.) RANGE. — Western North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transition zones from southern British Columbia, cen- tral Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to central Oregon, Nevada, Utah, northern New Mexico, and central Iowa; winters in South America to Brazil; eastward in migration to Wisconsin, Illinois, In- diana, and Mississippi. Hylocichla alicise (BAIRD). RANGE. — Northern North America, breeding mainly north of the United States; northern South America in winter. a. Hylocichla aliciae alicise (BAIRD). Gray-cheeked Thrush. [757.] Turdus alicia BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 217. (West Northfield, Illinois.) RANGE. — North America and northern South America. Breeds in Hud- sonian Zone in a narrow belt just south of tree limit from northeastern Siberia, through northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin to central Ungava, and in Newfoundland; migrates along the east coast of Central America and winters in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and British Guiana; west in migration to Montana, Kansas, and Texas; acci- dental in Cuba, Greenland, and Helgoland. b. Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli RIDGWAY. BicknelTs Thrush. [757a.] Hylocichla alicioe bicknelli RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, 377. (Summit of Slide Mountain, Catskills, Ulster Co., New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. jBreeds in Hudsonian and upper Canadian zones in Nova Scotia, mountains of northern New England, the Catskills and Adirondacks of New York, and probably mountains of western Massachusetts; migrates through southeastern United States and the Baha- mas; winters in Haiti and probably northern South America. ORDER PASSERES. 361 Hylocichla ustulata (NUTTALL). RANGE. — North America, breeding mainly (except in mountains) north of the United States; in winter southern Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. a. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata (NUTTALL). Russet-backed Thrush. [758.] Turdus ustulatus NUTTALL, Manual Orn., Land Birds, ed. 2, 1840, 400 (and errata, p. vi). (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RANGE. — Pacific coast of North America to northern South America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and possibly Upper Austral zones from Juneau, Alaska, to San Diego County, California; winters from Vera Cruz, Guatemala, and Costa Rica to eastern Ecuador and British Guiana. b. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (TSCHUDI). Olive-backed Thrush. [758a.] Turdus swainsoni TSCHUDI, Fauna Peruana, 1845-46, Orn., 28. (New Jersey.) RANGE. — North and South America. Breeds in lower Hudsonian and Canadian zones from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, eastern Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, northern Michigan, New York, and in mountains from Massachusetts to Pennsylvania and West Virginia ; winters from southern Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argen- tina; casual in Cuba and Bermuda. Hylocichla guttata (PALLAS). • RANGE. — Northern North America and mountains of western United States; in winter southern United States, Cuba, and Mexico to tableland of Guatemala. a. Hylocichla guttata guttata (PALLAS). Alaska Hermit Thrush. [759.] Muscicapa guttata PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1826 (1811?), 465. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds mainly in Hudsonian Zone from south central Alaska (Mt. McKinley) south to Kadiak Island and Cross Sound; winters south to Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas; in migration east to eastern Oregon, Nevada, and New Mexico. 362 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 6. Hylocichla guttata auduboni (BAIRD). Audubon's Hermit Thrush. [759a.] Turdus auduboni BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 16. (Fort Bridger, Wyoming.) RANGE. — Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in Canadian and upper Tran- sition zones from British Columbia and Montana south to Nevada (Toyabe Mountains), Arizona, and New Mexico; winters in western and central Texas and south over the Mexican tableland to Guatemala. c. Hylocichla guttata pallasi (CABANIS). Hermit Thrush. [759b.] Turdus pallasii CABANIS, Archiv fur Naturg., 1847, i, 205. (Southern or southeastern United States.) RANGE. — Northern and eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from southern Yukon, southwestern Mackenzie, south- western Keewatin, and northern Quebec south to central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, central Minnesota, northern Michigan, Ontario, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, Long Island (locally), and mountains of Pennsylvania and Maryland; winters from Massachusetts (locally) and the lower Delaware and Ohio valleys to Texas, Florida, and Cuba; occasional in Bermuda; accidental in Greenland and Europe. d. Hylocichla guttata nanus (ATJDUBON). Dwarf Hermit Thrush. [759c.] Turdus nanus AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 201. ("Valleys of the Columbia River.") RANGE. — Pacific coast. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from Cross Sound, Alaska, south to the coast region of southern British Columbia; winters south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. p. Hylocichla guttata slevini GRINNELL. Monterey Hermit Thrush. [759d.J Hylocichla aonalaschkce slevini GRINNELL, Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, 258. (Near Point Sur, Monterey Co., California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition Zone of the coast belt in California from northern Trinity County to southern Monterey County; south in migration to Lower California and Sonora. /. Hylocichla guttata sequoiensis (BELDING). Sierra Hermit Thrush. [759 e.] Turdus sequoiensis BELDING, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, II, 1889, 18. (Big Trees, Calaveras Co., California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Boreal zones from southern British Columbia to high mountains of southern California; south in migration and in winter to Lower California, western Texas, and northern Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 363 [GENUS TURDUS LINN^US. Turdus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 168. Type, by subs, desig., Turdus viscivorus LINNAEUS (Gray, 1840). Turdus musicus LINN^US. Red-winged Thrash. [760.] Turdus musicus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 169. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Europe and Asia. Breeds in the northern countries; winters from the British Isles and southern Europe to India and Persia; accidental in Greenland.] GENUS PLANESTICUS BONAPARTE. Planesticus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXVIII, 1854, 3. Type, by subs, desig., Turdus lereboulleti BONAPARTE = Turdus jamaicensis GMELIN (Baird, 1864). Planesticus migratorius (LiNN^us). RANGE. — North America, breeding from tree limit south to north- ern part of the Gulf States and Mexican tableland. a. Planesticus migratorius migratorius (LINN^JUS). Robin. [761.] Turdus migratorius LINN.^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 292. (Caro- lina to Canada.) RANGE. — North America. Breeds in Boreal, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Cook Inlet, Alaska, central Alberta, southeastern Wyoming, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; winters from central Kansas, Ohio Valley, and New Jersey (irregularly further north) to the Gulf coast and Florida, and to Nuevo Leon, Mexico; accidental in Bermuda and Cuba. 6. Planesticus migratorius propinquus (RIDGWAY). Western Robin. [76 la.] Turdus propinguus RIDGWAY, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, II, Jan., 1877, 9. (Laramie Peak, Wyoming.) 364 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transition zones from southeastern Alaska, southern British Columbia, and central Montana south to southern California, Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz, and from the Pacific coast east to the border of the Great Plains; winters from southern British Columbia and Wyoming south to the highlands of Guatemala. r. Planesticus migratorius achnisteras (BATCHELDER). Southern Robin. [7616.] Merula migratoria achrustera BATCHELDER, Proc. N. Engl. Zool. Club, I, 1900, 104. (Raleigh, N. C.) RANGE. — Southeastern United States. Breeds in southern part of Caro- linian Zone from southern Illinois and Maryland to northern Mississippi, northern Georgia, and South Carolina. Planesticus confinis (BAIRD). San Lucas Robin. [762.] Turdus confinis BAIRD, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 29. (Todos Santos, Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RANGE. — Breeds in Transition zone of mountains in the Cape Region, Lower California. GENUS IXOREUS BONAPARTE. Ixoreus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXVIII, Jan., 1854, 3 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Turdus ncevius GMELIN. Ixoreus nsevius (GMELIN). RANGE. — Western North America. a. Ixoreus nsevius naevius (GMELIN). Varied Thrush. [763.] Turdus ncevius GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 817. (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C.) RANGE. — Pacific Coast. Breeds in Canadian and upper Transition zones from Yakutat Bay, Alaska, south to Humboldt County, California; winters from extreme southern Alaska south to Colorado River in southern California; accidental in Kansas, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Quebec, and Guadalupe Island. ORDER PASSERES. 365 b. Ixoreus nsevius meruloides (SWAINSON). Northern Varied Thrush. [763a.] Orpheus meruloides SWAINSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., IT, 1831 (1832), 187, pi. 38. (Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie.) RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and upper Canadian zones from the Yukon Delta, Kowak Valley, and Mackenzie Delta south to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and southern part of Mackenzie Valley, and south in mountains through eastern British Columbia to northwestern Montana and northeastern Oregon; winters mainly in the interior of Cali- fornia south to Los Angeles County. [GENUS CYANOSYLVIA BREHM. Cyano-sylvia BREHM, Isis, XXI, 1828, 920. Type, by monotypy, Mota- tilla suecica LINNJEUS. Cyanosylvia suecica (LINNAEUS). RANGE. — Northern parts of Europe and Asia. Breeds within the Arctic Circle from the Scandinavian Peninsula to Siberia and south- ward in the higher parts of central Asia; winters in Abyssinia and southern Asia; casual in western Alaska. a. [Cyanosylvia suecica suecica. Extralimital.] b. Cyanosylvia suecica robusta (BUTURLIN). Siberian Red-spotted Blue- throat. [764.] Cyanecula suecica robusta BUTURLIN, Orn. Monatsber., XV, 1907, 79. (Kolyma Delta, Siberia.) RANGE. — Siberia, breeding from the Tunguska Valley eastward, and south to China in winter; casual in western Alaska.] GENUS SAXICOLA BECHSTEIN. Saxicola BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., I, 1802, 216. Type, by subs, desig., Motacilla cenanthe LINN^US (Gray, 1841). Saxicola oenanthe (LiNN^us). RANGE. — Northern Europe and Asia, Alaska, Greenland, and northeastern Arctic America; south in winter to Africa and southern Asia. 366 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Saxicola oenanthe oenanthe (LINNAEUS). Wheatear. [765.] Motacilla oenanthe LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 186. (Sweden.) RANGE. — Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from British Isles, Scandinavian Peninsula, central Europe, and high mountains of southern Europe east to northern and east central Alaska, south to mouth of the Yukon and the Pribilof Islands; winters southward to India and eastern Africa. b. Sazicola oenanthe leucdrhoa (GMELIN). Greenland Wheatear. [765a.] Motacilla leucorhoa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 966. (Senegal.) RANGE. — Northeastern Arctic America. Breeds in Arctic Zone from Elles- mere Land and Boothia Peninsula east to Greenland and Iceland, and south to northern Ungava; winters in West Africa, migrating through the British Isles and France; casual in migration to Keewatin, Ontario, New Brunswick, Quebec, New York, Bermuda, Louisiana, and Cuba. GENUS SI ALIA SWAINSON. Sialia SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, May, 1827, 369. Type, by monotypy, Sialia azurea SWAINSON = Motacilla sialis LINNAEUS. Sialia sialis (LINNJEUS). RANGE. — Temperate eastern North America, west to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains and Arizona and south to the highlands of Guatemala. a. Sialia sialis sialis (LINNAEUS). Bluebird. [766.] Motacilla sialis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 187. (Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds from lower Canadian to Lower Austral zone from southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; casually west to base of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado; winters most commonly south of the Ohio Valley and the Middle States; resident in Bermuda; accidental in Cuba. 6. Sialia sialis fulva BREWSTER. Azure Bluebird. [766a.] Sialia sialis fulva BREWSTER, Auk, II, Jan., 1885, 85. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RANGE. — Southern Arizona and Mexico. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from the mountains of southern Arizona south to Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz; winters south to northern Guatemala. ORDER PASSERES. 367 Sialia mexicana SWAINSON. RANGE. — Western North America from British Columbia south to the highlands of Mexico. a. [Sialia mexicana mexicana. Extralimital.] b. Sialia mexicana occidentals J. K. TOWNSEND. Western Bluebird. [767.] Sialia occidentalis TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 188. (Plains of the Columbia River.) RANGE. — Pacific coast. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia east to northern Idaho and western Montana, and south to the San Jacinto Mountains, southern California; winters south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. c. Sialia mexicana bairdi RIDGWAY. Chestnut-backed Bluebird. [767a.] Sialia mexicana bairdi RIDGWAY, Auk, XI, April, 1894, 151, 157. (Cac- tus Pass, 20 miles east of Kingman, Mojave Co., Arizona.) RANGE. — Southern Rocky Mountain region. Breeds mainly in Transi- tion Zone from Utah, Colorado, and western Texas south to Durango and Zacatecas; winters from southern Utah and southern Colorado south to Sonora and Zacatecas; accidental in Iowa. d. Sialia mexicana anabeiae ANTHONY. San Pedro Bluebird. [7676.] Sialia mexicana anabelcB ANTHONY, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, II, Oct., 1889, 79. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.) RANGE. — Mountains of southern California and northern Lower California. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from the mountains of southern Los Angeles County to the San Pedro Martir Mountains. Sialia currucoides (BECHSTEIN). Mountain Bluebird. [768.] Motacilla s. Sylvia currucoides BECHSTEIN, in LATHAM, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, III, ii, 1798, 546, pi. 121. (" Virginien.") RANGE. — Western North America. Breeds in Canadian and locally in upper Transition Zone from southern Yukon, northwestern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and south- western Manitoba south to mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and Chihuahua, and from the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada to south- western North Dakota and western Nebraska; winters from Cali- fornia and Colorado south to Guadalupe Island, Lower California, and Sonora, and east to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas; casual at Great Slave Lake; accidental at Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake. HYPOTHETICAL LIST.1 FAMILY ALCID-ffi. Cepphus motzfeldi (BENICKEN). Black-winged Guillemot. [2.] Uria motzfeldi BENICKEN, Isis, XV, 1824, 889. (Greenland Seas.) North American, but its specific validity not satisfactorily estab- lished. (Cf. STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, 210; Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 497, 498). FAMILY LARID-ffi. GENUS CREAGRUS BONAPARTE. Creagrus BONAPARTE, Naumannia, 1854, 213. Type, by orig. desig., Larus furcatus NEBOUX. Creagrus furcatus (NEBODX). Swallow-tailed Gull. [4.] Larus furcatus NEBOUX, Zool. Voy. Venus, Atlas, 1842, pi. 10. ("Mon- terey," California.) In all probability erroneously accredited to North America. 1 Consisting of species which have been recorded as North American, but whose status as North American birds is doubtful, either from lack of positive evidence of their occur- rence within the prescribed limits of the present Check-List, or from absence of satis- factory proof of their validity as species. 370 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY DIOMEDEID^E. Diomed£a Sxulans LINNAEUS. Wandering Albatross. [4.1.] Diomedea exulans LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. (Cape of Good Hope region.) The North American records are unsatisfactory. FAMILY PROCELLARIID-ffi. Puffinus kuhli (BoiE). Cinereous Shearwater. [5.] Procellaria kuhlii BOIE, Isis, XXVIII, 1835, 257. (Coast of Corsica.) An Eastern Atlantic species, of which no American specimens are known to exist in collections. Ocean6droma hdrnbyi (GRAY). Hornby's Petrel. [6.] Thalassidroma harribyi GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853 (1854), 62. ("North-west coast of America.") A very distinct species, of which only one specimen has been ob- tained, the alleged locality being the "north-west coast of America." FAMILY ANATIDJE. Anas rubripes tristis BREWSTER. Red-legged Black duck. Anas rubripes tristis BREWSTER, Auk, XXVI, April, 1909, 176. As the validity of this form has been questioned, it has been trans- ferred to the Hypothetical List pending further investigation. FAMILY SCOLOPACIDJE. Pisobia codperi (BAIRD). Cooper's Sandpiper. [11.] Tringa cooperi BAIRD, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 716. (Long Island, N. Y.) HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 371 Known only from the type specimen, taken on Long Island, New York, in May, 1833, and still extant in the National Museum. The status of the species is in doubt. Pisobia ruficollis (PALLAS) . Eastern Least Stint. [241.1.] Trynga ruficoUis PALLAS, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 700. (Kulus- sutai, Siberia.) The record of occurrence of this species at Nome, Alaska (Condor, XI, 1909, 173) has been questioned, and the only other North American record (Condor, XII, 1910, 44) is too indefinite to be satis- factory. NumSnius arquatus (LiNN^us). European Curlew. [11.1.] Scolopax arquata LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Sweden.) The evidence of its capture on Long Island, New York, is not con- sidered satisfactory. Totanus tetanus (LINNJSUS). Common Redshank. [11.2.] Scolopax totanus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Sweden.) The Hudson Bay record (Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831, 391), the only North American record for the species, is too vague to be taken as conclusive evidence. FAMILY CATHARTIDJE. GENUS SARCORAMPHUS DUMERIL. Sarcoramphus DUMERIL, Zool. Analytique, 1806, 32. Type, by subs. desig., Vultur papa LINISLEUS (Vigors, 1825). Sarcoramphus papa (LINNAEUS). King Vulture. [12.] Vultur papa LINN^US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 86. (Mexico?) The record of its supposed occurrence in Arizona (CouES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 248) remains unconfirmed. 372 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY BUTEONIDJE. Buteo codperi CASSIN. Cooper's Henhawk. [14.] Buteo cooperi CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 253. (Near Mountain View, Santa Clara Co., California.) Only known from the type specimen, obtained by Dr. J. G. Cooper, near Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, in October, 1856. The validity of the species is in doubt; possibly the light phase of B. harlani. (Of. RIDGWAY, Auk, I, 1884, 253, 254; II, 1885, 165, 166.) FAMILY ICTERID-ffl. Icterus icterus (LiNN^us). Troupial. [16.3.] Oriolus icterus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 161. (Cayenne.) The only alleged North American occurrence of this South American species is Audubon's record for Charleston, South Carolina. The only specimen stated to have been taken may have been an escaped cage bird. FAMILY FRINGILLIDJE. Acanthis brSwsteri (RIDGWAY). Brewster's Linnet. [17.] jEgiothus (flavirostris var.) brewsterii RIDGWAY, Amer. Nat., VI, July, 1872, 434. (Waltham, Mass.) Known only from the type specimen, taken at Waltham, Massa- chusetts, November 1, 1870. Possibly a hybrid between Acanthis linaria and Spinus pinus. Spiza tdwnsendi (AUDUBON). Townsend's Bunting. [18.] Emberiza townsendii AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 183. (New Garden, Chester Co., Pa.) The type specimen, taken May 11, 1833, at New Garden, Chester County, Pennsylvania, by Mr. J. K. Townsend, remains unique. Its peculiarities cannot be accounted for by hybridism, nor probably by individual variation. HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 373 FAMILY TANGARID-ffi. Piranga riibriceps GRAY. Gray's Tanager. [18.1.] Pyranga rubriceps GRAY, Genera Birds, II, 1844, [364], pi. 89. (Not given = Colombia.) A specimen of this exclusively South American species has been recorded as taken at Dos Pueblos, Santa Barbara County, California, but it was in all probability an escaped cage bird. FAMILY MNIOTILTID^. Dendroica (Perissoglossa ?) carbonata (AUDUBON). Carbonated Warbler. [23.] Sylvia carbonata AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pi. 60. (Near Henderson, Kentucky.) Known only from Audubon's plate and description of two speci- mens killed near Henderson, Kentucky, in May, 1811. Dendroica montana (WILSON). Blue Mountain Warbler. [24.] Sylvia montana WILSON, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 113, pi. 44, fig. 2. (Near the Blue Mountains, Virginia.) Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Taken near the Blue Mountains of Virginia. Not yet satisfactorily identified with any other species. Wils6nia (?) microce'phala (RIDGWAY). Small-headed Warbler. [25.] Sylvania microcephala RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 354. (= Muscicapa minuta WILSON, Amer. Orn., VI, 1812, 62, pi. 50, fig. 5, nee GMELIN, 1789.) Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Claimed to have been taken in New Jersey and Kentucky. 374 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY SYLVIID-ffi. Regulus cuvieri AUDUBON. Cuvier's Kinglet. [26.] Regulus cuvierii AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pi. 55. (Fat- land Ford, about 10 miles west of Norristown, Pa.) Known only from Audubon's description and figure of the original specimen, killed in June, 1812, on the banks of the Schuylkill River, in Pennsylvania. THE FOSSIL BIEDS OF NOETH AMEEICA. SUBCLASS SAURURJE. ORDER ORNITHOPAPPI. FAMILY ARCHJEOPTERYGIDJE. GENUS LAOPTERYX MARSH. Laopteryx MARSH, Amer. Journ. Soi., ser. 3, XXI, April, 1881, 341. Type, by monotypy, Laopteryx prisons MARSH. Laopteryx prisons MARSH. [1.] Laopteryx prisons MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XXI, 1881, 341- Jurassic; Wyoming. SUBCLASS ORNITHUR.E. SUPERORDER ODONTORM^B. ORDER PTEROPAPPI. FAMILY ICHTHYORNITHID-ffi. GENUS ICHTHYORNIS MARSH. Ichthyornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, Nov., 1872, 344. Type, by monotypy, Ichthyornis dispar MARSH. 376 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ichthyomis agilis (MARSH). [13.] Graculavus agilis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, 1873, 230. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyomis anceps (MARSH). [14.] Graculavus anceps MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 364. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyomis dispar MARSH. [12.] Ichthyomis dispar MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 344. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyomis lentus (MARSH). [15.] Graculavus lentus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 253. Cretaceous; Texas. Ichthyomis te"ner MARSH. [16.] Ichthyomis tener MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pi. xxx, fig. 8. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyomis validus MARSH. [17.] Ichthyomis validus MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pi. xxx, figs. 11-14. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyomis victor MARSH. [18.] Ichthyomis victor MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 511. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. FAMILY APATORNITHID^!. GENUS APATORNIS MARSH. Apatomis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, Jan. 21, 1873, 162. Type, by monotypy, Ichthyomis celer MARSH. FOSSIL BIRDS. 377 Apat6mis celer (MARSH). [2.] Ichthyornis celer MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, 1873, 74. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. SUPERORDER ODONTOL(LE. ORDER DROM^EOPAPPI. FAMILY HESPERORNITHIDJE. GENUS HESPERORNIS MARSH. Hesperornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 360. Type, by monotypy, Hesperornis regalis MARSH. Hesper6rnis crassipes (MARSH). [10.] Lestornis crassipes MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 509. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Hesperornis regalis MARSH. [9.] Hesperornis regalis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 360. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. GENUS HAR6ERIA LUCAS. Hargeria LUCAS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, 552. Type, by orig. desig., Hesperornis gracilis MARSH. Hargeria gracilis (MARSH). [11.] Hesperornis gracilis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 510. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. 378 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY BAPTORNITHIDJE. GENUS BAPTORNIS MARSH. Baptornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 86. Type, by monotypy, Baptornis advenus MARSH. Baptornis advenus MARSH. [3.] Baptornis advenus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 86. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. GENUS CONIORNIS MARSH. Coniornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLV, 1893, 82. Type, by monotypy, Coniornis altus MARSH. Coniornis altus MARSH. [6.] Coniornis altus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLV, 1893, 82. Cretaceous; Montana. SUPERORDER DROM^OGNATH^. ORDER GASTORNITHES. FAMILY GASTORNITHIDJE. GENUS DIATRYMA COPE. Diatryma COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, 11. Type, by mono- typy, Diatryma gigantea COPE. Diatryma gigantea COPE. [25.] Diatryma gigantea COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, 11. Eocene; New Mexico. FOSSIL BIRDS. 379 GENUS BARORNIS MARSH. Barornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XL VIII, 1894, 344. Type, by monotypy, Barornis regens MARSH. Barornis regens MARSH. [26.] Barornis regens MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XL VIII, 1894, 344. Eocene; New Jersey. SUPERORDER EUORNITHES. ORDER PYGOPODES. SUBORDER CEPPHI. FAMILY ALCIDJE. GENUS URIA BRISSON. Una affinis (MARSH). [28.] Catarractes affinis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 259. Pleistocene; New Jersey. Una antiqua (MARSH). [27.] Catarractes antiquus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 213. Miocene; North Carolina. GENUS MANCALLA LUCAS. Mancalla LUCAS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, 133. Type, by orig. desig., Mancalla californiensis LUCAS. Mancalla californiensis LUCAS. Mancalla californiensis LUCAS, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, 133. Upper Miocene, or Lower Pliocene; California. 380 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER LONGIPENNES. FAMILY LARID-ffl. GENUS LARUS LINNAEUS. Larus oregonus SHUFELDT. [30.] Larus oregonus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 398, pi. xv, fig. 3. Pleistocene; Oregon. Larus robustus SHUFELDT. [29.] Larus robustus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 398, pi. xv, figs. 1-2. Pleistocene; Oregon. ORDER TUBINARES. FAMILY PROCELLARIID-ffl. GENUS PUFFINUS BRISSON. Puffinus conradi MARSH. [31.] Puffinus conradi MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 212. Miocene; Maryland. ORDER STEGANOPODES. FAMILY SULIDJE. GENUS SULA BRISSON. Sula loxostyla COPE. [32.] Sula loxostyla COPE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., N. S., XIV, 1870, 236, fig. 53. Miocene; Maryland. FOSSIL BIRDS. 381 FAMILY PHALACROCORACIDJE. GENUS PHALAGROCORAX BRISSON. Phalacrocorax idahensis (MARSH). [33.] Graculus idahensis MARSH. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 216. Pleistocene; Idaho. Phalacrocorax macropus (COPE). [34.] Graculus macropus COPE, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 386. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENUS GRACULAVUS MARSH. Graculavus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 363. Type, by subs, desig., Graculavus velox MARSH (Hay, 1902). Graculavus ptimilus MARSH. [8.] Graculavus pumilus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 364. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Oraculavus v§lox MARSH. [7.] Graculavus velox MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 363. Cretaceous; New Jersey. FAMILY PELECANID2E. GENUS CYPHORNIS COPE. Cyphornis COPE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1894, 451. Type, by monotypy, Cyphornis magnus COPE. Cyphornis magnus COPE. Cyphornis magnus COP] 451. Eocene?; Vancouver Island. Cyphornis magnus COPE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1894, 451. 382 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER ANSERES. FAMILY ANATIDJE. GENUS ANSER BRISSON. Anser condoni SHUFELDT. [35.] Anser condoni SHUFE 406, pi. xvi, figs. 1 Pleistocene; Oregon. Anser condoni SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 406, pi. xvi, figs. 19, 26, 27. GENUS BRANT A SCOPOLI. Branta hypsibata (COPE). [36.] Anser hypsibatus COPE, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 387. Pleistocene; Oregon. Branta propinqua SHUFELDT. [37.] Branta propinqua SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 407, pi. xv, fig. 17. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENUS OLOR WAGLER. Olor paloregdnus (COPE). [38.] Cygnus paloregonus ( 1878, 388. Pleistocene; Oregon. Cygnus paloregonus COPE, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 388. FOSSIL BIRDS. 383 GENUS LAORNIS MARSH. Laornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 206. Type, by monotypy, Laornis edvardsianus MARSH. Laornis edvardsianus MARSH. [19.] Laornis edvardsianus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 206. Cretaceous; New Jersey. ORDER ODONTOGLOSS^. FAMILY PHCENICOPTERIDJE. GENUS PHCENICOPTERUS LINNJEUS. Phcenicopterus copei SHUFELDT. [39.] Phcenicopterus copei SHUFELDT, Jouni. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 410, pi. xv, figs. 11, 13; pi. xvii, figs. 28, 29, 38. Pleistocene; Oregon. ORDER HERODIONES. SUBORDER HERODIL FAMILY ARDEID-ffl. GENUS ARDEA LINNAEUS. Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT. [40.] Ardea paloccidentalis IX, 1892, 411, pi. 3 Pleistocene; Oregon. Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 411, pi. xvii, fig. 31. 384 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER PALUDICOL^E. SUBORDER GRUES. FAMILY GRT7IDJE. GENUS GRUS PALLAS. Grus haydeni MARSH. [41.] Grus haydeni MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 214. Pleistocene ? ; Nebraska. Grus proavus MARSH. [42.] Grus proavus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 261. Pleistocene; New Jersey. GENUS ALETORNIS MARSH. Aletornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 256. Type, by subs, desig., Aletornis nobilis MARSH (Hay, 1902). Alet6mis bSllus MARSH. [48.] Aletornis bellus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 258. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletornis gracilis MARSH. [47.] Aletornis gracilis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 258. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletomis ndbilis MARSH. [44.] Aletornis nobilis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 256. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 385 Aletomis pernix MARSH. [45.] Aletornis pernix MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 256. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletornis venustus MARSH. [46.] Aletornis venustus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 257. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. SUBORDER RALLI. FAMILY RALLIDJE. GENUS GREGGOIDES SHUFELDT. Creccoides SHUFELDT, in COPE, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XXX, 1892, 125. Type, by monotypy, Creccoides osbornii SHUFELDT. Creccoides osborni SHUFELDT. Creccoides osbornii SHUFELDT, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XXX, 1892, 125. Pleistocene; Texas. GENUS TELMATORNIS MARSH. Telmatornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 210. Type, by subs, desig., Telmatornis priscus MARSH (Hay, 1902). Telmatornis affinis MARSH. [24.] Telmatornis affinis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 211. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Telmatornis priscus MARSH. [23.] Telmatornis priscus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 210. Cretaceous; New Jersey. 386 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS FULICA LINN-EUS. Fulica minor SHUFELDT. [43.] Fulica minor SHITFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 412, pi. xvii, fig. 32. Pleistocene; Oregon. ORDER LIMICOL.E. FAMILY SCOLOPACIDJE. GENUS PALJEOTRINGA MARSH. 'Palceotringa MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 208. Type, by subs, desig., Palceotringa littoralis MARSH (Hay, 1902). Palseotringa littoralis MARSH. [20.] Palceotringa littoralis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 208. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Palaeotringa vagans MARSH. [21.] Palceotringa vagans MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 365. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Palseotringa v£tus MARSH. [22.] Palceotringa vetus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 209. Cretaceous; New Jersey. FAMILY CHARADRIIDJE. GENUS GHARADRIUS LINN^US. Charadrius sheppardianus COPE. [49.] Charadrius sheppardianus COPE, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., VI, No. 1, 1881, 83. Eocene; Colorado. A FOSSIL BIRDS. 387 ORDER GALLINJE. SUBORDER PHASIANI. FAMILY TETRAONIDJE. GENUS PEDKECETES BAIRD. Pedicecetes lucasi SHUFELDT. [51.] Pedioccetes lucasi SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 414, pi. xvii, fig. 30. Pleistocene; Oregon. Pedicecetes nanus SHUFELDT. [52.] Pedioccetes nanus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 414, pi. xvii, figs. 36, 37. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENUS PAL2EOTETRIX SHUFELDT. Palceotetrix SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 415. Type, by monotypy, Palceotetrix gilli SHUFELDT. Palseotetrix gilli SHUFELDT. [50.] Palceotetrix gilli SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., eer. 2, IX, 1892, 415, pi. xvii, fig. 34. Pleistocene; Oregon. FAMILY PHASIANID-ffi. GENUS PAVO LINNAEUS. Pavo LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 156. Type, by subs, desig., Pavo cristatus LINN^US (Gray, 1840). 388 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Pavo californicus L. H. MILLER. Paw californicus MILLER, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 19, Aug. 14, 1909, 285, pi. 25. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. FAMILY MELEAGBJDJE. GENUS MELEAGRIS LINNAEUS. Meleagris antiqua MARSH. [53.] Meleagris antiquus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3. II, 1871, 126. Oligocene (White River); Oregon. Meleagris celer MARSH. [55.] Meleagris celer MARSH, Amer. Joum. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 261. Pleistocene; New Jersey. Meleagris superba COPE. [54.] Meleagris superbus COPE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., N. S., XIV, Pt. I, 1870, 239. Pleistocene; New Jersey. SUBORDER PENELOPES. FAMILY GALLINULOIDID^. GENUS GALLINULOIDES EASTMAN. Gallinuloides EASTMAN, Geol. Mag., Feb , 1900, 54. Type, by monotypy, Gallinuloidcs wyomingensis EASTMAN. Gallinuloides wyomingensis EASTMAN. Gallinuloides wyomingensis EASTMAN, Geol. Mag., Feb., 1900, 54. Eocene (Bridger, Green River Shales) ; Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 389 ORDER RAPTORES. SUBORDER SARCORAMPHI. FAMILY CATEARTIDJE. GENUS PAL^EOBORUS COUES. Palceoborus COUES, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 822. Type, by orig. desig., Cathartes umbrosus COPE. Palseoborus umbrosus (COPE). [56.] Cathartes umbrosus COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 151. Pliocene; New Mexico. GENUS CATHARISTA VIEILLOT. Catharista occidentalis L. H. MILLER. Catharista occidentalis MILLER, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, 306. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. SUBORDER FALCONES. FAMILY TERATORNITHIDJE ? GENUS TERATORNIS MILLER. Teratornis MILLER, Univ. Calif. Publ.— Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, 307. Type, by monotypy, Teratornis merriami MILLER. Teratornis merriami L. H. MILLER. Teratornis merriami MILLER, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept, 10, 1909, 307, text figs. 1-9. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. 390 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY BUTEONIDJE. GENUS AQUILA BRISSON. Aquila dananus MARSH. [58.] Aquila, danana MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, II, 1871, 125. Pliocene?; Nebraska. Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT. [59.] Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 416, pi. xvii, fig. 33. Pleistocene; Oregon. Aquila sodalis SHUFELDT. [60.] Aquila sodalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 417, pi. xv, fig. 5. Pleistocene; Oregon. SUBORDER STRIGES. FAMILY STRIGIDJE. GENUS BUBO DUMERIL. Bubo leptdsteus MARSH. [57.] Bubo leptosteus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, II, 1871, 126. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 391 ORDER PICI. GENUS UINTOENIS MARSH. Uintornis MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 259. Type, by monotypy, Uintornis lucaris MARSH. Uintomis lucaris MARSH. [61.] Uintornis lucaris MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 259. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. ORDER PASSERES. FAMILY CORVID-ffl. GENUS CORVUS LINNAEUS. Oorvus annectens SHUFELDT. [62.] Corvus annectens SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 419, pi. xv, figs. 14-16. Pleistocene; Oregon. FAMILY ICTERID-ffl. GENUS EUPHAGUS CASSIN. Euphagus affinis (SHUFELDT). [63.] Scolecophagus affinis SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 418, pi. xv, fig. 10. Pleistocene; Oregon. 392 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FAMILY FRINGILLIDJE? GENUS PALJEOSPIZA ALLEN. Palceospiza ALLEN, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 443. Type, by monotypy, Palceospiza bella ALLEN. Palaeospiza bella ALLEN. [64.] Palceospiza bella ALLEN, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 443, pi. i, figs. 1, 2. Eocene? (Amyzon Shales); Colorado. INCERTJE SEDIS.1 GENUS CIMOLOPTEEYX MARSH. Cimolopteryx MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XXXVIII, 1889, 83, footnote. Type, by subs, desig., Cimolopteryx rarus MARSH (Hay, 1902). Cimolopteryx rara MARSH. [4.] Cimolopteryx rarus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XXXVIII, 1889, 83, footnote. Cretaceous (Laramie); Wyoming. Cimolopteryx rettisa MARSH. [5.] Cimolopteryx retusus MARSH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLIV, 1892, 175. Cretaceous (Laramie); Wyoming. i GENUS ALABAMORNIS ABEL. Aldbamornis ABEL, Centralbl. ftlr Min., 1906, 456. Type, by monotypy, Alabam- ornis gigantea ABEL. Alabamornis giganteus ABEL. Alabamornis gigantea ABEL, Centralbl. fur Min., 1906, 456, figs. 3-4. This proves to be a Zeuglodon, not a bird. FOSSIL BIRDS. 393 GENUS PALJEONORNIS EMMONS. Palceonornis EMMONS, Amer. Geology, Pt. IV, 1857, 148. Type, by monotypy, Palceonornis struthionoides EMMONS. Palaeonornis struthionoides EMMONS. Palceonornis struthionoides EMMONS, Amer. Geology, Pt. IV, 1857, 148, fig. 114. Triassic?; North Carolina. Doubtfully a bird. INDEX. ABBREVIATUS, Buteo, 159. aberti, Pipilo, 281. abieticola, Phloeotomus pileatus, 192. acadica, Cryptoglaux, 172. Acanthis, 247. Acanthopneuste, 355. Accipiter, 155. achrusterus, Planesticus migratorius, 364. actia, Otocoris alpestris, 220. Actitis, 124. Actochelidon, 43. acuflavida, Sterna sandwichensis, 43. aculeata, Sitta carolinensis, 345. acuta, Dafila, 72. acutipennis, Chordeiles, 199. adamsi, Gavia, 24. adusta, Otocoris alpestris, 220. advenus, Baptornis, 378. ^Echmophorus, 21. aedon, Troglodytes, 340. ^Egialitis, 128. aeneus, Quiscalus quiscula, 239. seneus, Tangavius, 232. Aeronautes, 201. aesalon, Falco, 166. sestiva, Dendroica, 311. aestivalis, Peucaea, 270. ^Estrelata, 54. sethereus, Phaethon, 59. ^Ethia, 28. ^Ethiinae, 27. affinis, Euphagus, 391. affinis, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. affinis, Larus, 38. affinis, Marila, 75. affinis, Pocecetes gramineus, 253. affinis, Telmatornis, 385. affinis, Uria, 379. Agelaius, 233. agilis, Ichthyornis, 376. agilis, Oporornis, 321. agilis, Penthestes carolinensis, 450. aglaeus, Quiscalus quiscula, 299. aglaise, Platypsaris, 207. aikeni, Junco, 266. aikeni, Otus asio, 173 Aimophila, 271. Aix, 73. Ajaia, 91. ajaja, Ajaia, 91. alba, Guara, 91. Alabamornis, 392. alascanus, Buteo borealis, 158. alascanus, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, 163. alascensis, Budytes flavus, 328. alascensis, Calcarius lapponicus, 252. alascensis, Nannus, 341. alascensis, Penthestes cinctus, 351. alascensis, Pinicola enucleator, 242. Alauda, 218. Alaudidse, 218. alaudinus, Passerculus sandwichensis, 254. alba, Guara, 91. alba, Motacilla, 327. alba, Pagophila, 35. Albatross, Black-footed, 48. Laysan, 49. Short-tailed, 49. Sooty, 49. Wandering, 370. Yellow-nosed, 49. albatrus, Diomedea, 49. 395 396 INDEX. albellus, Mergellus, 67. albeola, Charitonetta, 76. albescens, Certhia familiaris, 344. albicaudatus, Buteo, 159. albicilla, Haliseetus, 162. albicollis, Nyctidromus, 198. albicollis, Zonotrichia, 262. albifrons, Anser, 84, 85. albifrons, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. albigula, Pipilo fuscus, 281. albilora, Dendroica dominica, 316. albiventris, Platypsaris aglaise, 207. albociliatus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 63. albogilva, Strix varia, 170. albolarvatus, Xenopicus, 189. Alca, 32. Alcedinidae, 183. Alcella, 28. Alcidse, 25, 369, 379. Alcinse, 31. alcyon, Ceryle, 183. Alcyones, 183. Aletornis, 384. aleutica, Sterna, 45. aleuticus, Ptychoramphus, 27. alexandrse, Lagopus lagopus, 141. alexandri, Archilochus, 202. algistus, Bubo virginianus, 176. aliciae, Hylocichla, 360. Alle, 33. alle, Alle, 33. alleni, Buteo lineatus, 158. alleni, Lagopus lagopus, 141. alleni, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 279. alleni, Selasphorus, 204. alleni, Strix varia, 170. Allinse, 33. alnorum, Empidonax trailli, 216. alpestris, Otocoris, 219. alpina, Pelidna, 115, 116. alticola, Lanivireo solitarius, 301. altus, Coniornis, 378. Aluco, 168. Aluconidae, 168. ambiguus, Trogon, 183. americana, Certhia familiaris, 344. americana, Ceryle, 184. americana, Clangula clangula, 76. americana, Compsothlypis, 309. americana, Fulica, 106. americana, Grus, 100. americana, Mareca, 70. americana, Marila, 74. americana, Mycteria, 93. americana, Oidemia, 80. americana, Recurvirostra, 108. americana, Spiza, 287. americanus, Coccyzus, 181. americanus, Mergus, 66. americanus, Numenius, 124. americanus, Phaethon, 59. americanus, Picoides, 189. americanus, Tympanuchus, 143. Amizilis, 277. Ammodramus, 256. amcena, Passerina, 285. Amphispiza 269. amplus, Carpodacus, 244. anabelse, Sialia mexicana, 367. ansetheta, Sterna, 46. Anas, 68. Anatidae, 66, 370, 382. Anatinse, 68. anatum, Falco peregrinus, 164. anceps, Icthyornis, 376. angustifrons, Melanerpes formicivo- rus, 193. Anhinga, 61. anhinga, Anhinga, 61. Anhingidse, 61. Ani, 180. Groove-billed, 180. ani, Crotophaga, 180. anna, Calypte, 203. annectens, Corvus, 391. annectens, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. annectens, Junco hyemalis, 268. Anoiis, 47. Anser, 84, 382. Anseres, 66, 382. Anserinae, 83. INDEX. 397 anthonyi, Butorides virescens, 98. anthonyi, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. anthracina, Urubitinga, 160. Anthus, 328. antillarum, Sterna, 45. antiqua, Una, 379. antiquus, Meleagris, 388. antiquus, Synthliboramphus, 29. Antrostomus, 196. Apatornis, 376. Apatornithidse, 376. Aphelocoma, 224. Aphriza, 131. Aphrizidse, 131. Aphrizinse, 131. apricarius, Charadrius, 127. Aquila, 161, 390. aquila, Fregata, 66. Aramidae, 101. Aramus, 101. Archseopterygidse, 375. Archibuteo, 161. Archilochus, 202. arctica, Fratercula, 26. arctica, Gavia, 24. arcticola, Otocoris alpestris, 219. arcticus, Picoides, 189. arcticus, Pipilo maculatus, 279. Arctonetta, 79. Ardea, 95, 383. Ardeidse, 94, 383. Ardeinae, 95. arenacea, Spizella pusilla, 265. Arenaria, 131. Arenariinae, 131. arenicola, Toxostoma lecontei, 334. argentatus, Lams, 38. argutula, Sturnella magna, 235. Aristonetta, 74. arizela, Geothlypis trichas, 323. arizonae, Aphelocoma sieberi, 225. arizonae, Dryobates, 188. arizonae, Spizella passerina, 264. Arquatella, 112. arquatus, Numenius, 371. arra, Uria lorn via, 32. Arremonops, 278. arvensis, Alauda, 218. Asarcia, 133. asiatica, Melopelia, 150. Asio, 169. asio, Otus, 172. assimilis, Puffinus, 53. Astragalinus, 248. Astur, 156. Asturina, 160. Asyndesmus, 193. ater, Molothrus, 231. atkhensis, Lagopus rupestris, 141. atkinsi, Sitta carolinensis, 345. atra, Fulica, 106. atrata, Leucosticte, 246. atricapillus, Astur, 156. atricapillus Penthestes, 349. atricapillus, Vireo, 301. atricilla, Lams, 40. atricristatus, Baeolophus, 347. atrogularis, Spizella, 265. Atthis, 204. attwateri, Tympanuchus americanus, 143. auduboni, Dendroica, 313. auduboni, Dryobates villosus, 186. auduboni, Hylocichla guttata, 362. auduboni, Icterus melanocephalus, 236. Auk, Great, 32. Razor-billed, 32. Auklet, Cassin's, 27. Crested, 28. Least, 28. Paroquet, 27. Rhinoceros, 27. Whiskered, 28. aura, Cathartes, 152. auratus, Colaptes, 194. auricularis, Puffinus, 53. aurifrons, Centurus, 194. Auriparus, 354. aurita, Pisobia, 113. auritus, Colymbus, 22. auritus, Phalacrocorax, 62. 398 INDEX. aurocapillus, Seiuras, 319. australis, Ammodramus savannarum, 256. australis, Leucosticte, 247. autumnalis, Dendrocygna, 88. auturnnalis, Plegadis, 92. Avocet, 108. BACHMANI, Hsematopus, 133. bachmani, Peucaea sestivalis, 271. bachmani, Vermivora, 306. Bseolophus, 347. bahamensis, Coereba, 304. baileyse, Penthestes gambeli, 351. bairdi, Ammodramus, 256. bairdi, Dryobates scalaris, 188. bairdi, Junco, 268. bairdi, Melanerpes formicivorus, 193. bairdi, Sialia mexicana, 367. bairdi, Pisobia, 114. bairdi, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Baldpate, 70. Baptornis, 378. Baptornithidae, 378. barbatula, Vireosylva calidris, 298. barlowi, Penthestes rufescens, 352. baueri, Limosa lapponica, 119. Barornis, 379. Bartramia, 123. Basilinna, 206. bassana, Sula, 61. Becard, Xantus's, 207. beldingi, Geothlypis, 323. beldingi, Passerculus, 254. beldingi, Rallus, 102. bella, Palaeospiza, 392. belli, Amphispiza, 269. belli, Vireo, 303. bellus, Aletornis, 384. bendirei, Otus asio, 173. bendirei, Toxostoma, 333. bermudiana, Chsemepelia passerina, 150. bermudianus, Vireo griseus, 302. bernicla, Branta, 87. bewicki, Thryomanes, 338. bicknelli, Hylocichla aliciae, 360. bicolor, Baeolophus, 347. bicolor, Dendrocygna, 88. bicolor, Iridoprocne, 293. bicolor, Tiaris, 287. bilineata, Amphispiza, 269. bimaculatus, Ammodramus savan- narum, 257. Bittern, 94. Cory's Least, 95. Least, 94. Blackbird, Brewer's, 239. Red-winged, 233. Rusty, 238. Yellow-headed, 232. Bluebird, 366. Azure, 366. Chestnut-backed, 367. Mountain, 367. San Pedro, 367. Western, 367. Blue-throat, Siberian Red-spotted, 365. Bobolink, 231. Bob-white, 134. Florida, 134. Masked, 135. Texas, 134. Bombycilla, 295. Bombycillidae, 295. Bonasa, 139. Booby, 60. Blue-faced, 60. Blue-footed, 60. Brewster's, 60. Red-footed, 60. borealis, Acanthopneuste, 355. borealis, Buteo, 157. borealis, Cypseloides niger, 200. borealis, Dryobates, 188. borealis, Lanius, 296. borealis, Nuttallornis, 213. borealis, Numenius, 125. borealis, Puffinus, 52. borealis, Somateria mollissima, 79. Botaurinse, 94. INDEX. Botaurus, 94. botterii, Peucsea, 271. brachyptera, Leptotila flaviventris, 149. brachyptera, Tachycincta thalassina, 294. brachypterus, Colymbus dominicus, 23. Brachyramphus, 29. brachyrhynchos, Corvus, 228. brachyrhynchus, Anser, 85. brachyrhynchus, Larus, 39. brachyurus, Buteo, 160. Brant, 87. Black, 87. Branta, 85, 382. brevicauda, Thryomanes, 339. brevirostris, Brachyramphus, 29. brevirostris, Rissa, 36. breweri, Spizella, 264. brewsteri, Acanthis, 372. brewsteri, Dendroica aestiva, 311. brewsteri, Egretta candidissima, 96. brewsteri, Sula, 60. Brewsteria, 161. brunneicapillus, Heleodytes, 335. bryanti, Agelaius phoeniceus, 233. bryanti, Dendroica, 312. bryanti, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. bryanti, Passerculus sandwichensis, 255. Bubo, 174, 390. buccinator, Olor, 89. Budytes, 327. Buffle-head, 76. bulleri, Puffinus, 54. Bullfinch, Cassin's, 242. bullocki, Icterus, 238. bulweri, Bulweria, 55. Bulweria, 55. Bunting, Beautiful, 286. Indigo, 285. Lark, 288. Lazuli, 285. McKay's Snow, 251. Painted, 286. Bunting, Pribilof Snow, 251. Snow, 251. Townsend's, 372. Varied, 286. Burrica, 244. Bush-Tit, 353. California, 353. Grinda's, 353. Lead-colored, 353. Lloyd's, 353. Buteo, 157. Buteola, 160. Buteonidae, 153, 372. Butorides, 98. , Guiraca, 285. caerulea, Florida, 98. cserulea, Polioptila, 357. caerulescens, Chen, 84. caerulescens, Dendroica, 312. cafer, Colaptes, 195. cairnsi, Dendroica caerulescens, 312. Calamospiza, 288. Calcarius, 251. calendula, Regulus, 356. Calidris, 118. calidris, Vireosylva, 298. californianus, Geococcyx, 181. calif ornianus, Gymnogyps, 152. californica, Aphelocoma, 224. calif ornica, Pinicola enucleator, 242. californica, Polioptila, 358. californica, Uria troille, 31. calif ornicum, Glaucidium gnoma, 178 californicus, Agelaius gubernator, 234 californicus, Carpodacus purpureus, 243. californicus, Colymbus nigricollis, 22. californicus, Larus, 39. californicus, Lophortyx, 136. californicus, Pavo, 388. californicus, Pelecanus, 65. californicus, Phalaenoptilus nuttalli, 197. californicus, Psaltriparus minimus, 353. calif orniensis, Mancalla, 379. 400 INDEX. Callichelidon, 294. Callipepla, 135. calliope, Stellula, 204. calophonus, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Calothorax, 205. calurus, Buteo borealis, 157. Calypte, 203. Campephilus, 185. campestris, Pedioecetes phasianellus, 144. Camptorhynchus, 78. Camptostoma, 218. canace, Canachites canadensis, 139. Canachites, 138. canadensis, Branta, 86. canadensis, Canachites, 138. canadensis, Grus, 100. canadensis, Perisoreus, 226. canadensis, Sitta, 346. canadensis, Wilsonia, 325. canagica, Philacte, 88. candidissima, Egretta, 96. canescens, Amphispiza nevadensis, 270. canicauda, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. caniceps, Junco phaeonotus, 268. canora, Tiaris, 287. canorus, Cuculus, 182. canus, Larus, 39. canutus, Tringa, 112. Canvas-back, 74. caparoch, Surnia ulula, 177. capensis, Daption, 51. capitalis, Perisoreus canadensis, 226. Caprimulgi, 196. Caprimulgidse, 196. Caracara, Audubon's, 167. Guadalupe, 168. carbo, Phalacrocorax, 62. carbonacea, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. carbonata, Dendroica, 373. Cardellina, 326. Cardinal, 282. Arizona, 282. Florida, 283. Cardinal, Gray-tailed, 283. San Lucas, 283. Cardinalis, 282. cardinalis, Cardinalis, 282. caribseus, Rallus longirostris, 103. carlottae, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. Carolina, Porzana, 103. carolinense, Nettion, 70. carolinensis, Antrostomus, 196. carolinensis, Conuropsis, 179. carolinensis, Dumetella, 331. carolinensis, Junco hyemalis, 267. carolinensis, Pandion haliaetus, 168. carolinensis, Penthestes, 450. carolinensis, Sitta, 345. carolinensis, Zenaiduramacroura, 148. carolinus, Centurus, 193. carolinus, Euphagus, 238. carpalis, Aimophila, 271. Carpodacus, 260. Casarca, 72. caspia, Sterna, 42. cassini, Carpodacus, 243. cassini, Lanivireo solitarius, 300. cassini, Peucsea, 271. cassini, Pyrrhula, 242. castanea, Dendroica, 314. castaneiceps, Dendroica bryanti, 312. castanogastris, Callipepla squamata, 136. castro, Oceanodroma, 57. Catbird, 331. Catharista, 153, 389. Cathartes, 152. Cathartidse, 152, 371, 389. Catherpes, 336. Catoptrophorus, 122. caudacutus, Passerherbulus, 258. caurina, Melospiza melodia, 275. caurina, Strix occidentalis, 170. caurinus, Agelaius phceniceus, 234. caurinus, Corvus, 219. cedrorum, Bombycilla, 296. celata, Vermivora, 308. celer, Apatornis, 377. celer, Meleagris, 388. INDEX. 401 Centroeercus, 145. Centronyx, 256. Centurus, 193. Cepphi, 24, 379. Cepphus, 30. Cerchneis, 166. Cerorhinca, 27. Certhia, 344. Certhiidse, 344. cerulea, Dendroica, 314. cerviniventris, Amizilis, 205. cervinus, Anthus, 329. Ceryle, 183. Chachalaca, 146. Chsemepelia, 150. Chsetura, 200. Chseturinse, 200. chalconota, Amizilis cerviniventris, 205. chalybea, Progne, 291. Chamsea, 354. Chamaeidje, 354. Chamsethlypis, 323. chamberlaini, Lagopus rupestris, 142. chapmani, Chordeiles virginianus, 199. Charadriidse, 126, 386. Charadrius, 127, 386. charienturus, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Charitonetta, 76. Chat, Long-tailed, 324. Yellow-breasted, 324. Chaulelasmus, 69. Chelidonaria, 294. Chen, 83. cheriway, Polyborus, 167. Chickadee, 349. Acadian, 351. Alaska, 351. Bailey's Mountain, 351. Barlow's, 352. California, 352. Carolina, 350. Chestnut-backed, 352. Florida, 350. Hudsonian, 351. Chickadee, Long-tailed, 349. Mexican, 350. Mountain, 350. Oregon, 349. Plumbeous, 350. Yukon, 349. Chicken, Attwater's Prairie, 143. Lesser Prairie, 144. Prairie, 143. Chloroceryle, 184. chlorura, Oreospiza, 282. Chondestes, 260. Chordeiles, 198. chrysaetos, Aquila, 162. chryseola, Wilsonia pusilla, 325. chrysia, Geotrygon, 151. chrysoides, Colaptes, 195. chrysoparia, Dendroica, 316. chrysoptera, Vermivora, 307. Chuck-will's-widow, 196. Ciceronia, 28. Ciconise, 93. Ciconiidae, 93. Ciconiinae, 93. Cimolopteryx, 392. cincinatus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 63. Cinclidse, 329. Cinclus, 329. cinctus, Penthestes, 351. cinerascens, Myiarchus, 211. cineraceus, Bseolophus inornatus. 348. cineraceus, Otus asio, 173. cinerea, Amphispiza nevadensis, 270. cinerea, Ardea, 96. cinereum, Toxostoma, 333. cinereus, Priofinus, 54. cineritius, Empidonax difficilis, 215. cinnamomeus, Helodromas solitarius, 121. Circus, 155. ciris, Passerina, 286. cirrhata, Lunda, 25. Cistotherus, 342. citrea, Protonotaria, 305. citrina, Wilsonia, 324. Clamatores, 207. 402 INDEX. Clangula, 76. clangula, Clangula, 76. clemenciae, Cyanolaemus, 202. clementae, Melospiza melodia, 274. clementae, Pipilo maculatus, 280. dementis, Carpodacus mexicanus, 244. cleonensis, Melospiza melodia, 275. clypeata, Spatula, 72. Coccyges, 180. Coccyzinae, 181. Coccyzus, 181. Crereba, 304. Ccerebidae, 304. cognatus, Vireo huttoni, 303. Colaptes, 194. Colinus, 134. collaris, Colaptes cafer, 195. collaris, Marila, 75. colubris, Archilochus, 202. Columba, 147. columba, Cepphus, 31. Columbse, 147. columbarius, Falco, 165. columbiana, Nucifraga, 230. columbianus, Olor, 89. columbianus, Pedioacetes phasianel- lus, 144. Columbidse, 147. Colymbi, 21. Colymbidse, 21, 147. Colymbus, 21, 22. Compsohalieus, 63. Compsothlypis, 309. condoni, Anser, 382. confinis, Oreortyx picta, 135. confinis, Planesticus, 364. confinis, Pooecetes gramineus, 253. Coniornis, 378. connectens, Junco hyemalis, 266. conradi, Puffinus, 380. consobrinus, Pipilo, 280. conspersus, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. Conuropsis, 179. cooperi, Accipiter, 156. cooperi, Buteo, 371. cooperi, Melospiza melodia, 275. cooperi, Piranga rubra, 290. cooperi, Pisobia, 371. Coot, 106. European, 106. copei, Phoenicopterus, 383. corax, Corvus, 227, 228. Cormorant, 62. Baird's, 64. Brandt's, 63. Double-crested, 62. Farallon, 63. Florida, 62. Mexican, 63. Pelagic, 64. Red-faced, 64. Violet-green, 64. White-crested, 63. corniculata, Fratercula, 26. cornix, Corvus, 229. coronata, Dendroica, 312. coronata, Zonotrichia, 262. Corvidae, 221, 391. Corvinae, 227. Corvus, 227, 391. costse, Calypte, 203. Cotingidss, 207. Coturnicops, 104. coturniculus, Creciscus, 104. couchi, Aphelocoma sieberi, 225. couchi, Tyrannus melancholicus, 209. couesi, Arquatella maritima, 113. couesi, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. Cowbird, 231. Bronzed, 232. Dwarf, 232. Red-eyed, 232. Cracidae, 146. Crake, Corn, 105. Spotted, 103. Crane, Little Brown, 100. Sandhill, 100. Whooping, 100. crassipes, Hesperornis, 377. craveri, Brachyramphus, 30. INDEX. 403 Creagrus, 369. creatopus, Puffinus, 52. crecca, Nettion, 70. Creccoides, 385. Creciscus, 104. Creeper, Bahama Honey, 304. Brown, 344. California, 344. Mexican, 344. Rocky Mountain, 344. Sierra, 345. crepitans, Rallus, 102. Crex, 105. crex, Crex, 105. crinitus, Myiarchus, 210. crissale, Toxostoma, 334. crissalis, Pipilo, 281. cristata, Cyanocitta, 222. cristatella, ^Ethia, 28. Crossbill, 245. Mexican, 245. White-winged, 245. Crotophaga, 180. Crotophaginse, 180. Crow, 228. Fish, 229. Florida, 228. Hooded, 229. Northwestern, 229. Western, 228. Cryptoglaux, 171. cryptoleucus, Corvus, 228. cryptoleucus, Progne, 291. cryptus, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Cuckoo, Black-billed, 182. California, 182. Kamchatka, 182. Mangrove, 181. Maynard's, 181. Yellow-billed, 181. Cuculi, 180. Cuculidae, 180. Cuculinae, 182. cucullatus, Icterus, 237. cucullatus, Lophodytes, 67. Cuculus, 182. culminatus, Thalassogeron, 49. cuneatus, Puffinus, 54. cunicularia, Speotyto, 177. cupido, Tympanuchus, 143. Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 125. Eskimo, 125. European, 371. Hudsonian, 125. Long-billed, 124. currucoides, Sialia, 367. curvirostra, Loxia, 245. curvirostre, Toxostoma, 332. cuvieri, Regulus, 374. cyanea, Aphelocoma, 224. cyanea, Passerina, 285. cyaneoviridis, Callichelidon, 294. Cyanocephala, 230. cyanocephala, Cyanocephala, 230. cyanocephalus, Euphagus, 239. cyanocephalus, Stamoenas, 151. Cyanocitta, 222. Cyanolsemus, 202. cyanops, Sula, 60. cyanoptera, Querquedula, 71. Cyanosylvia, 365. cyanotis, Aphelocoma, 224. Cygninae, 89. cygnus, Olor, 89. Cymochroa, 56. Cynanthus, 206. Cyphornis, 381. Cypseli, 200. Cypseloides, 200. Cyrtonyx, 137. Cyrtopelicanus, 64. DAFILA, 72. damacensis, Pisobia, 115. dananus, Aquila, 390. Daption, 51. deglandi, Oidemia, 81. delawarensis, Larus, 39. delicata, Gallinago, 110. Dendragapus, 137. Dendrocygna, 88. Dendroica, 310, 311. 404 INDEX. derbianus, Pitangus sulphuratus, 210. deserticola, Amphispiza bilineata, 269. diademata, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. Diatryma, 378. Dichromanassa, 97. Dickctssel, 287. difficilis, Empidonax, 215. Diomedea, 48. Diomedeidae, 48, 370. Dipper, 330. discolor, Dendroica, 319. discors, Querquedula, 71. dispar, Ichthyornis, 376. dixoni, Lagopus rupestris, 142. Dolichonyx, 231. dominica, Dendroica, 315. dominicensis, Tyrannus, 208. dominicus, Charadrius, 127. dominicus, Colymbus, 23. dominicus, Nomonyx, 83. dorsalis, Junco phaeonotus, 268. dorsalis, Picoides americanus, 190. Dotterel, 126. dougalli, Sterna, 45. Dovekie, 33. Dove, Bermuda Ground, 150. Ground, 156. Inca, 151. Mexican Ground, 150. Mourning, 148. White-fronted, 149. White-winged, 150. Zenaida, 149. Dowitcher, 111. Long-billed, 111. dresseri, Somateria, 79. Dromaeognathi, 378. Dromaeopappi, 377. Dryobates, 185. dubia, ^Egialitis, 129. Duck, Black, 68. Florida, 69. Harlequin, 77. Labrador, 78. Lesser Scaup, 75. Masked, 83. Duck, Mottled, 69. Red-legged Black, 370. Ring-necked, 75. Ruddy, 82. Rufous-crested, 73. Scaup, 75. Wood, 73. Dumetella, 331. Dunlin, 116. Dytes, 22. EAGLE, Bald, 162. Gray Sea, 162. Golden, 162. Northern Bald, 163. Ectopistes, 148. edvardsianus, Laornis, 383. Egret, 96. Brewster's, 97. Reddish, 97. Snowy, 96. Egretta, 96. egretta, Herodias, 96. Eider, 79. King, 80. Northern, 79. Pacific, 80. Spectacled, 79. Steller's, 78. elachistus, Bubo virginianus, 175. Elanoides, 153. Elanus, 154. elegans, Buteo lineatus, 158. elegans, Rallus, 101. elegans, Sterna, 42. Empidonax, 214. Endomychura, 30. enucleator, Pinicola, 241. eremo3ca, Aimophilus rufescens, 272. Ereunetes, 117. Erionetta, 80. Erismatura, 82. Erolia, 116. erythrocephalus, Melanerpes, 192. erythrogastra, Hirundo, 292. erythromelas, Piranga, 289. INDEX. 405 erythrophthalmus, Coccyzus, 182. erythrophthalmus, Pipilo, 279. erythrorhynchus, Pelecanus, 65. Eudromias, 126. Eugenes, 201. Euornithes, 379. Euphagus, 238, 391. Eurynorhynchus, 117. evermanni, Lagopus, 142. Exanthemops, 84. excubitorides, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. exilis, Acanthis hornemanni, 147. exilis, Ixobrychus, 94. exulans, Diomedea, 370 FABALIS, Anser, 85. Falco, 163. Falcon, Aplomado, 166. Peale's, 165. Peregrine, 164. Prairie, 164. Falcones, 153, 389. Falconidse, 163, 390. Falconinse, 163. fallax, Melospiza melodia, 273. familiaris, Certhia, 344. fannini, Ardea herodias, 95. fasciata, Chamsea, 354. fasciata, Columba, 147. fasciatus, Picoides americanus, 190. fedoa, Limosa, 118. ferniginea, Casarca, 72. ferruginea, Erolia, 116. ferrugineus, Archibuteo, 161. Finch, Aleutian Rosy, 246. Black Rosy, 246. Brown-capped Rosy, 247. California Purple, 243. Cassin's Purple, 243. Gray-crowned Rosy, 246. Guadalupe House, 244. Hepburn's Rosy, 246. House Finch, 244. McGregor's House, 244. Purple, 243. Finch, San Clemente House, 244. San Lucas House, 244. fischeri, Arctonetta, 79. fisheri, ^Estrelata, 55. fisheri, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. Flamingo, 90. flammeola, Otus, 174. flammeus, Asio, 169. flammula, Pinicola enucleator, 242. flaviceps, Auriparus, 354. flavifrons, Lanivireo, 300. flavipes, Totanus, 120. flavirostris, Columba, 147. flaviventris, Empidonax, 214. flavoviridis, Vireosylva, 299. flavus, Budytes, 327, 328. Flicker, 194. Gilded, 195. Guadalupe, 195. Northern, 194. Northwestern, 195. Red-shafted, 195. Florida, 98. floridana, Speotyto cunicularia, 177. floridanus, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. floridanus, Ammodramus savanna- rum, 257. floridanus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. floridanus, Colinus virginianus, 134. floridanus, Otus asio, 173. floridanus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 62. florincola, Cyanocitta cristata, 222. Flycatcher, Acadian, 215. Alder, 216. Arizona Crested, 211. Ash-throated, 211. Beardless, 218. Buff-breasted, 217. Coues's, 213. Crested, 210. Derby, 210. Fork-tailed, 207. Gray, 217. Hammond's, 216. Least, 216. 406 INDEX. Flycatcher, Mexican Crested, 211. Lower California, 211. Olivaceous, 211. Olive-sided, 213. San Lucas, 215. Scissor-tailed, 208. Sulphur-bellied, 210. Traill's, 216. Vermilion, 218. Western, 215. Wright's, 217. Yellow-bellied, 214. forficata, Muscivora, 208. forficatus, Elanoides, 153. formicivorus, Melanerpes, 192. formosus, Oporornis, 320. forsteri, Sterna, 44. fortis, Agelaius phceniceus, 234. franklini, Canachites, 139. franklini, Larus, 40. Fratercula, 26. Fraterculinae, 25. frazari, Butorides virescens, 98. frazari, Hsematopus, 133. Fregata, 65. Fregatidae, 65. Fregetta, 58. Fringillidse, 240, 372, 392. frontalis, Carpodacus mexicanus, 244. frontalis Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. frugilegus, Corvus, 229. fulgens, Eugenes, 201. Fulica, 106, 386. fulicarius, Phalaropus, 107. Fulicinse, 106. fuliginosa, Passerella iliaca, 278. fuliginosus, Dendragapus obscurus, 138. Fuligulinae, 73. Fulmar, 50. Giant, 50. Pacific, 50. Rodgers's, 51. Slender-billed, 51. Fulmarinae, 50. Fulmarus, 50. fulva, Petrochelidon, 292. fulva, Sialia sialis, 366. fulvifrons, Empidonax, 217. fulvigula, Anas, 68, 69. fulviventris, Leptotila, 149. fulvus, Charadrius dominicus, 127. fumifrons, Perisoreus canadensis, 227. funerea, Cryptoglaux, 171. furcata, Oceanodroma, 56. furcatus, Creagrus, 369. fusca, Dendroica, 315. fusca, Oidemia, 81. fuscata, Sterna, 46. fuscescens, Hylocichla, 359. fuscicollis, Pisobia, 114. fusco-caeruleus, Falco, 166. fuscus, Pipilo, 280. GAD WALL, 69. gairdneri, Dryobates pubescens, 187. galbula, Icterus, 238. galeata, Gallinula, 105. Gallinse, 134, 387. Gallinago, 110. gallinago, Gallinago, 110. Gallinula, 105. Gallinule, Florida, 105. Purple, 105. Gallinulinse, 105. Gallinuloides, 388. Gallinuloididae, 388. gallopavo, Meleagris, 145. gambeli, Anser albifrons, 85. gambeli, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. gambeli, Lophortyx, 137. gambeli, Penthestes, 450. gambeli, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 262. Gannet, 61. garrula, Bombycilla, 295. Garrulinae, 221. Gastornithes, 378. Gastornithidae, 378. Gavia, 24. Gaviidse, 24. Gelochelidon, 42. INDEX. 407 Geococcyx, 180. georgiana, Melospiza, 276. Geothlypis, 322. Geotryon, 151. gigantea, Diatryma, 378. giganteus, Alabamornis, 392. giganteus, Macronectes, 50. gilli, Palseotetrix, 387. gilva, Vireosylva, 299. giraudi, Otocoris alpestris, 220. glacialis, Fulmarus, 50. glacialoides, Priocella, 51. glareola, Rhyacophilus, 121. glaucescens, Larus, 37. glaucescens, Xanthoura luxuosa, 226. Glaucidium, 177. glaucogastra, Branta bernicla, 87. Glottis, 119. glupischa, Fulmarus glacialis, 50. Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed, 358. Blue-gray, 357. Plumbeous, 358. Western, 358. gnoma, Glaucidium, 178. Godwit, Black-tailed, 119. Hudsonian, 119. Marbled, 118. Pacific, 119. Golden-eye, 76. Barrow's, 76. Goldfinch, 248. Arkansas, 249. Black-headed, 250. Green-backed, 249. Lawrence's, 249. Pale, 249. Willow, 249. Goose, Barnacle, 87. Bean, 85. Blue, 84. Cackling, 86. Canada, 86. Emperor, 88. European White-fronted, 85. Greater Snow, 83. Hutchins's, 86. Goose, Pink-footed, 85. Ross's, 84. Snow, 83. White-cheeked, 86. White-fronted, 85. Goshawk, 156. Mexican, 160. Western, 156. gracise, Dendroica, 316. gracilis, Aletornis, 384. gracilis, Hargeria, 377. Grackle, Boat-tailed, 240. Bronzed, 239. Florida, 239. Great-tailed, 240. Purple, 239. Graculavus, 381. grallaria, Fregetta, 58. graminea, Melospiza melodia, 274. gramineus, Pocecetes, 253. grammacus, Chondestes, 260. gravis, Puffinus, 52. Grassquit, 287. Melodius, 287. Grebe, Eared, 22. Holboell's, 22. Horned, 22. Mexican, 23. Pied-billed, 23. Western, 21. Green-shank, 119. grindse, Psaltriparus minimus, 353. grinnelli, Regulus calendula, 357. griseonucha, Leucosticte, 246. griseus, Bseolophus inornatus, 348. griseus, Empidonax, 217. griseus, Macrorhamphus, 111. griseus, Perisoreus obscurus, 227. griseus, Puffinus, 53. griseus, Telmatodytes palustris, 243. griseus, Vireo, 301. Grosbeak, Alaska Pine, 242. Black-headed, 284. Blue, 285. California Pine, 242. Evening, 241. 408 INDEX. Grosbeak, Kadiak Pine, 242. Pine, 241. Rocky Mountain, 242. Rose-breasted, 284. Western Blue, 285. Western Evening, 241. Grouse, Canada Ruffed, 140. Columbian Sharp-tailed, 144. Dusky, 138. Franklin's, 139. Gray Ruffed, 140. Oregon Ruffed, 140. Prairie Sharp-tailed, 144. Richardson's, 138. Ruffed, 140. Sharp-tailed, 144. Sierra, 138. Sooty, 138. Grues, 100, 384. Gruidse, 100, 384. Grus, 100, 384. grylle, Cepphus, 30. guadeloupensis, Salpinctes, 336. Guara, 91. guarauna, Plegadis, 92. gubernator, Agelaius, 234. Guillemot, Black, 30. Black-winged, 369. Mandt's, 30. Pigeon, 31. Guiraca, 284. Gull, Bonaparte's, 40. California, 39. Franklin's, 40. Glaucous, 36. Glaucous-winged, 37. Great Black-backed, 37. Heermann's, 40. Herring, 38. Iceland, 36. Ivory, 35. Kumlien's, 37. Laughing, 40. Little, 41. Mew, 39. Nelson's, 37. Gull, Ring-billed, 39. Ross's, 41. Sabine's, 41. Short-billed, 39. Siberian, 38. Slaty-backed, 37. Swallow-tailed, 369. Vega, 38. Western, 38. guttata, Hylocichla, 361. guttatus, Passerculus rostratus, 255. gutturalis, Vermivora rubricapillus, 308. Gymnogyps, 152. gyrfalco, Falco rusticolus, 164. Gyrfalcon, 164. Black, 164. Gray, 163. White, 163. H^EMASTICA, Limosa, 119. Haematopodidae, 132. Hsematopus, 132. Haliseetus, 162. haliaetus, Pandion, 168. Halocyptina, 55. hammondi, Empidonax, 216. Harelda, 77. Hargeria, 377. harlani, Buteo borealis, 157. Harporhynchus, 334. harrisi, Dryobates villosus, 186. harrisi, Parabuteo unicinctus, 157. hasitata, ^Estrelata, 54. Hawk, Black Pigeon, 165. Broad- winged, 159. Cooper's, 156. Cuban Sparrow, 167. Desert Sparrow, 167. Duck, 164. Florida Red-shouldered, 158. Harlan's, 158. Harris's, 157. Krider's, 157. Little Sparrow, 167. Marsh, 155. INDEX. 409 Hawk, Mexican Black, 160. Pigeon, 165. Red-bellied, 158. Red-shouldered, 158. Red-tailed, 157. Richardson's Pigeon, 165. Rough-legged, 161. San Lucas, 167. Sennett's White-tailed, 159. Sharp-shinned, 155. Short-tailed, 160. Sparrow, 166. Swainson's, 159. Zone-tailed, 159. haydeni, Grus, 384. heermanni, Larus, 40. heermanni, Melospiza melodia, 273. Heleodytes, 335. Helinaia. 305. helleri, Nannus hiemalis, 341. Helmitheros, 305. Helodromas, 120. Hen, Heath, 143. Sage, 145. Henhawk, Cooper's, 372. henryi, Chordeiles virgiiiianus, 198. henshawi, Chanisea fasciata, 355. henslowi, Passerherbulus, 257. hepatica, Piranga, 289. Herodias, 96. herodias, Ardea, 95. Herodii, 94, 383. Herodiones, 91, 383. Heron, Anthony's Green, 98. Black-crowned Night, 99. European, 96. Frazar's Green, 98. Great Blue, 95. Great White, 95. Green, 98. Little Blue, 98. Louisiana, 97. Northwestern Coast, 95. Ward's, 96. Yellow-crowned Night, 99. hesperia, Progne subis, 290. Hesperiphona, 240. hesperis, Chordeiles virginianus, 199, hesperis, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 228. hesperophilus, Astragalinus psaltria, 249. Hesperornis, 377. Hesperornithidse, 377. Heteractitis, 122. heterocnemis, Bubo virginianus, 176. hiaticula, JUgialitis, 128. hiemalis, Nannus, 340, 341. Hierofalco, 163. Himantopus, 109. himantopus, Micropalama, 112. Hirundinidse, 290. Hirundo, 292. hirundo, Sterna, 44. Histrionicus, 77. histrionicus, Histrionicus, 77. holboelli, Acanthis linaria, 248. holboelli, Colymbus, 22. homochroa, Oceanodroma, 57. homorus, Dryobates pubescens, 187. hoopesi, Sturnella magna, 235. hornbyi, Oceanodroma, 370. hornemanni, Acanthis, 247. hoskinsi, Glaucidium, 178. hoyti, Otocoris alpestris, 221. hudsonia, Pica pica, 221. hudsonius, Circus, 155. hudsonicus, Numenius, 125. hudsonicus, Penthestes, 351. Hummingbird, Allen's, 204. Anna's, 203. Black-chinned, 202. Blue-throated, 202. Broad-billed, 206. Broad-tailed, 203. Buff-bellied, 205. Calliope, 204. Costa's, 203. Lucifer, 205. Morcom's, 204. Rieffer's, 205. Rivoli, 201. Ruby-throated, 202. 410 INDEX. Hummingbird, Rufous, 204. Salvin's, 206. White-eared, 206. Xantus's, 206. hutchinsi, Branta canadensis, 86. huttoni, Vireo, 302. Hydranassa, 97. Hydrochelidon, 46. hyemalis, Harelda, 77. hyemalis, Junco, 266. Hylocichla, 359. hyloscopus, Dryobates villosus, 186. hyperboreus, Chen, 83. hyperboreus, Larus, 36. hyperboreus, Plectrophenax, 251. hypochrysea, Dendroica palmarum. 318. hypogaea, Speotyto cunicularia, 177. hypoleuca, Aphelocoma californica, 225. hypoleucus, Brachyramphus, 30. hypsibata, Branta, 382 IBID^B, 91. Ibides, 91. Ibis, Glossy, 92. Scarlet, 92. White, 91. White-faced, 92. Wood, 93. Ichthyornis, 375. Ichthyornithidse, 375. Icteria, 323. Icteridse, 231, 372, 391. Icterus, 236. icterus, Icterus, 372. Ictinia, 151. idahensis, Phalacrocorax, 381. idahoeneis, Otus flammeola, 174. igneus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. ignota, Geothlypis trichas, 322. iliaca, Passerella, 277. iliacus, Telmatodytes palustris, 343 imberbe, Camptostoma, 218. immer, Gavia, 24. immutabilis, Diomedea, 49. impennis, Plautus, 32. impiger, Penthestes carolinensis, 350. inca, Scardafella, 151. incanus, Heteractitis, 122. inornatus, Baeolophus, 348. inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipal- matus, 122. insignis, Melospiza melodia, 275. insularis, Aphelocoma, 225 . insularis, Junco, 269. insularis, Otocoris alpestris, 221. insularis, Passerella iliaca, 278. intermedia, Meleagris gallopavo, 146. interpres, Arenaria, 131. involucratus, Tangavius seneus, 232. lonornis, 105. Iridoprocne, 293. islandica, Clangula, 76. islandus, Falco, 163. Ixobrychus, 94. Ixoreus, 364. JABIRU, 93. Jacana, 133. Mexican, 133. Jacanidae, 133. Jaeger, Long-tailed, 34. Parasitic, 34. Pomarine, 34. jamaicensis, Creciscus, 104. jamaicensis, Erismatura, 82. Jay, Alaskan, 227. Arizona, 225. Belding's, 225. Black-headed, 223. Blue, 222. Blue-eared, 224. Blue-fronted, 223. California, 225. Canada, 226. Coast, 223. Couch's, 225. Florida, 224. Florida Blue, 222. Gray, 227. Green, 226. INDEX. 411 Jay, Labrador, 227. Long-crested, 223. Oregon, 227. Pinon, 230. Queen Charlotte, 223. Rocky Mountain, 226. Santa Cruz, 225. Steller's, 222. Texas, 224. Woodhouse's, 224. Xantus's, 225. juddi, Melospiza melodia, 274. Junco, 266. Junco, Arizona, 268. Baird's, 268. Carolina, 267. Gray-headed, 268. Guadalupe, 269. Montana, 267. Oregon, 266. Pink-sided, 267. Point Pinos, 267. Red-backed, 268. Ridgway's, 268. Slate-colored, 266. Shufeldt's, 266. Thurber's, 267. Townsend's, 268. White-winged, 266. K^EDINGI, Oceanodroma, 56. kenaiensis, Melospiza melodia, 275. kennicotti, Otus asio, 173. Kestril, 166. Killdeer, 128. Kingbird, 208. Arkansas, 209. Cassin's, 209. Couch's, 209. Gray, 208. Kingfisher, Belted, 183. Ringed, 184. Texas, 184. Kinglet, Cuvier's, 374. Dusky, 357. Golden-crowned, 356. Kinglet, Ruby-crowned, 356. Sitka, 357. Western Golden-crowned, 356. kirtlandi, Dendroica, 317. Kite, Everglade, 155. Mississippi, 154. Swallow-tailed, 153. White-tailed, 154. Kittiwake, 35. Pacific, 36. Red-legged, 36. Knot, 112. krideri, Buteo borealis, 157. kuhli, Pufiimis, 370. kumlieni, Larus, 37. LABRADORIUS, Camptorhynchus, 78. Lagopus, 140. iagopus, Archibuteo, 161. lagopus, Lagopus, 140. lazula, Guiraca caerulea, 285. laguna, Sitta carolinensis, 346. lamprocephalus, Auriparus flaviceps, 354. Laniidse, 296. Lanius, 296. Lanivireo, 300. Laopteryx, 375. Laornis, 383. lapponica, Limosa, 118. lapponica, Scotiaptex nebulosa, 171. lapponicus, Calcarius, 251. Lapwing, 126. Larid£e, 35, 369, 380. Larinse, 35. Lark, California Horned, 220. Desert Horned, 219. Dusky Horned, 220. Horned, 219. Hoyt's Horned, 221. Island Horned, 221. Montezuma Horned, 221. Pallid Horned, 219. Prairie Horned, 219. Ruddy Horned, 220. Scorched Horned, 220. 412 INDEX. Lark, Sonoran Horned, 220. Streaked Horned, 220. Texas Horned, 220. Larus, 36, 380. latirostris, Cynanthus, 206. lawrencei, Astragalinus, 249. lawrencei, Myiarchus, 211. lazula, Guiraca cserulea, 285. lecontei, Passerherbulus, 258. lecontei, Toxostoma, 334. lentiginosus, Botaurus, 94. lentus, Ichthyornis, 376. lepida, Tachycineta thalassina, 293. Leptopelicanus, 65. leptosteus, Bubo, 390. Leptotila, 149. leucocephala, Columba, 147. leucocephalus, Haliasetus, 162. leucogastra, Sula, 60. leucolaema, Otocoris alpestris, 219. leucomelas, Dryobates villosus, 185. leuconota, Sitta pygmaea, 247. leucophsea, Calidris, 118. leucophrys, Thryomanes, 339. leucophrys, Zonotrichia, 261. leucopsis, Branta, 87. leucoptera, Hydrochelidon, 47. leucoptera, Loxia, 245. leucopterus, Larus, 36. leucopterus, Mimus polyglottos, 331. leucorhoa, Oceanodroma, 57. leucorhoa, Saxicola cenanthe, 366. Leucosticte, 246. leucotis, Basilinna, 206. leucura, Pinicola enucleator, 241. leucurus, Elanus, 154. leucurus, Lagopus, 142. levipes, Rallus, 102. lewisi, Asyndesmus, 193. Ihermineri, Puffinus, 52. Limicolae, 107, 386. Limosa, 118. limosa, Limosa, 119. Limpkin, 101. linaria, Acanthis, 248. lincolni, Melospiza, 276. lineatus, Buteo, 158. Linnet, Brewster's, 372. littoralis, Leucosticte, 246. littoralis, Palseotringa, 386. littoralis, Penthestes hudsonicus, 351. lloydi, Psaltriparus melanotis, 353. lobatus, Lobipes, 107. Lobipes, 107. lomitensis, Thryothorus ludovicianus, 338. lorn via, Uria, 31, 32. longicauda, Bartramia, 123. longicauda, Icteria virens, 324. longicaudus, Stercorarius, 34. Longipennes, 33, 380. longirostre, Toxostoma, 332. longirostris, Rallus, 103. Longspur, Alaska, 252. Chestnut-collared, .252. Lapland, 251. McCown's, 252. Smith's, 252. Loon, 24. Black-throated, 24. Pacific, 25. Red-throated, 25. Yellow-billed, 24. Lophodytes, 67. Lophortyx, 136. Loxia, 245. loxostyla, Sula, 380. lucaris, Uintornis, 391. lucasi, Pedioscetes, 387. lucasanus, Dryobates scalaris, 188. lucasanus, Lanivireo solitarius, 301. luciae, Vermivora, 307. lucifer, Calothorax, 205. Lunda, 25. ludoviciana, Piranga, 288. ludoviciana, Zamelodia, 284. ludovicianus, Lanius, 297. ludovicianus, Thryothorus, 337. lunifrons, Petrochelidon, 291. luteiventris, Myiodynastes, 210. lutescens, Vermivora celata, 308. luteus, Colaptes auratus, 194. INDEX. 413 lutosus, Polyborus, 168. luxuosa, Xanthoura, 226. MACFARLANEI, OtUS asio, 174. macgillivrayi, Passerherbulus mari- timus, 260. Machetes, 123. Macrochires, 196. macrodactyla, Oceanodroma, 57. macromystax, Antrostomus voci- ferus, 197. Macronectes, 50. macropus, Phalacrocorax, 381. Macrorhamphus, 111. macroura, Zenaidura, 148. macrourus, Megaquisculus major, 240. macularia, Actitis, 124. maculata, Pisobia, 114. maculatus, Pipilo, 279. maculosa, Anas fulvigula, 69. magister, Myiarchus, 210, 211. magna, Sturnella, 235. magnirostris, Pipilo maculata, 280. magnolia, Dendroica, 313. magnus, Cyphornis, 381. Magpie, 221. Yellow-billed, 222. major, Megaquiscalus, 240. Mallard, 68. Mancalla, 379. mandti, Cepphus, 30. Man-o'-War-bird, 66. Mareca, 69. marianse, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. Marila, 74, 75. marila, Marila, 75. marina, Pelagodroma, 59. marinus, Larus, 37. maritima, Arquatella, 113. maritimus, Passerherbulus, 259. marmoratus, Brachyramphus, 29. Martin, Cuban, 291. European, 294. Gray-breasted, 291. Purple, 290. Western, 290. martinicus, lonornis, 105. mauri, Ereunetes, 117. maxillaris, Melospiza melodia, 275. maxima, Sterna, 63. maxwellige, Otus asio, 173. maynardi, Coccyzus minor, 181. maynardi, Vireo griseus, 302. mccalli, Ortalis vetula, 146. mccalli, Otus asio, 173. mccowni, Rhynchophanes, 252. mcgregori, Carpodacus, 244. Meadowlark, 235. Rio Grande, 235. Southern, 235. Western, 236. mearnsi, Cyrtonyx montezumae, 137. mearnsi, Junco hyemalis, 267. mearnsi, Toxostoma cinereum, 333. media, Gallinago, 111. medianus, Dryobates pubescens, 187. medius, Vireo belli, 303. Megaceryle, 183. Megalestris, 33. megalonyx, Pipilo maculatus, 280. Megaquiscalus, 240. megarhyncha, Passerella iliaca, 277. melancholicus, Tyrannus, 208. Melanerpes, 192. melania, Oceanodroma, 57. Melanitta, 81. melanocephala, Arenaria, 132. melanocephala, Zamelodia, 284. melanocephalus, Icterus, 236. melanocorys, Calamospiza, 288. melanogastra, Petrochelidon luni- frons, 292. melanoleucus, Agronautes, 201. melanoleucus, Totanus, 120. melanotis Psaltriparus, 353. Meleagridse, 145, 388. Meleagris, 145, 388. meliger, Nannus, 341. meloda, jEgialitis, 129. melodia, Melospiza, 272. Melopelia, 149. Melospiza, 272. 414 INDEX. Merganser, 66. Hooded, 67. Red-breasted, 67. Mergellus, 67. Merginse, 66. Mergus, 66. Merlin, 166. merriami, Meleagris gallopavo, 145. merriami, Teratornis, 389. merrilli, Melospiza melodia, 274. merrilli, Nyctidromus albicollis, 198. merrilli, Otocoris alpestris, 220. meruloides, Ixoreus nsevius, 365. mesoleucus, Pipilo fuscus, 281. mexicana, Grus, 100. mexicana, Sialia, 367. mexicanus, Carpodacus, 244. mexicanus, Catherpes, 336, 337. mexicanus, Cinclus, 329, 330. mexicanus, Falco, 164. mexicanus, Himantopus, 109. mexicanus, Phalacrocorax vigua, 63. mexicanus, Pyrocephalus rubinus,217. miamensis, Thryothorus ludovici- anus, 338. microcephala, Wilsonia, 373. Micropalama, 112. Micropallas, 178. Micropodidae, 200. Micropodinse, 201. microsoma, Halocyptena, 55. micrus, Vireo griseus, 302. migrans, Lanius ludovicianus, 298. migratorius, Ectopistes, 148. migratorius, Planesticus, 363. Mimidae, 330. Mimus, 330. minima, Branta canadensis, 86. minimus, Empidonax, 216. minimus, Psaltriparus, 352, 353. minor, Coccyzus, 181. minor, Fulica, 386. minor, Loxia curvirostra, 245. minor, Philohela, 110. minutilla, Pisobia, 115. minutus, Larus, 41. mississippiensis, Ictinia, 154. Mniotilta, 304. Mniotiltidae, 304, 373. Mockingbird, 331. Western, 331. mollissima, Somateria, 79. Molothrus, 231. mongola, ^Egialitis, 129. monocerata, Cerorhinca, 27. montana, Certhia familiaris, 344. montana, Dendroica, 373. montana, Geotrygon, 151. montana, Hesperiphona vespertina, 241. montana, Melospiza melodia, 273. montana, Pinicola enucleator, 242. montanus, Junco hyemalis, 267. montanus, Oreoscoptes, 330. montanus, Pipilo maculatus, 280. montanus, Podasocys, 130. montezumse, Cyrtonyx, 137. monticola, Dryobates villosus, 186. monticola, Spizella, 263. morcomi, Atthis, 204. morelleti, Sporophila, 287. morinella, Arenaria interpres, 131. morinellus, Eudromias, 126. morphna, Melospiza melodia, 273. Motacilla, 327. motacilla, Seiurus, 320. Motacillidse, 327. motzfeldi, Cepphus, 369. Murre, 31. Briinnich's, 32. California, 31. Pallas's, 32. Murrelet, Ancient, 29. Graver's, 30. Kittlitz's, 29. Marbled, 29. Xantus's, 30. Muscivora, 207. musicus, Turdus, 363. mustelina, Hylocichla, 359. Myadestes, 358. Myadestinae, 358. INDEX. 415 Mycteria, 93. mycteria. Jabiru, 93. Mycteriinae, 93. Myiarchus, 210. Myiochanes, 213. Myiodynastes, 210. N2EVIU8, Ixoreus, 364. naevius, Nycticorax nycticorax, 99. nana, Hylocichla guttata, 362. Nannus, 340. nanus, Pedioecetes, 387. naumanni, Fratercula arctica, 26. nebouxi, Sula, 60. nebularius, Glottis, 119. nebulosa, Scotiaptex, 171. neglecta, Sturnella, 236. neglectus, Penthestes rufescens, 352. nelsoni, Dryobates pubescens, 187. nelsoni, Icterus cucullatus, 237. nelsoni, Lagopus rupestris, 141. nelsoni, Larus, 37. nelsoni, Myiarchus magister, 211. nelsoni, Passerherbulus, 258. nelsoni, Sitta carolinensis, 346. Neocorys, 329. Neomorphinae, 180. neoxenus, Ixobrychus, 95. Netta, 73. Nettion, 70. neutralis, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. nevadensis, Amphispiza, 270. niger, Cypseloides, 200. Nighthawk, 198. Florida, 199. Pacific, 199. Sennett's, 199. Texas, 199. Western, 198. nigra, Hydrochelidon, 47. nigra, Rynchops, 48. nigrescens, Dendroica, 316. nigrescens, Passerherbulus, 260. nigricans, Branta, 87. nigricans, Sayornis, 212. nigricapillus, Perisoreus canadensis, 227. nigricollis, Colymbus, 22. nigrifrons, Dendroica auduboni, 313. nigrilora, Compsothlypis pitiayumi, 310. nigripes, Diomedea, 48. nilotica, Gelochelidon, 42. nitens, Phainopepla, 296. nitidus, Phalaenoptilus nuttalli, 197. nivalis, Chen hyperboreus, 83. nivalis, Plectrophenax, 250, 251. nivosa, JSgialitis, 129. nobilis, Aletornis, 384. Noddy, 47. Nomonyx, 83. notabilis, Seiurus noveboracensis, 320. notatus, Spinus, 250. notkensis, Sphyrapicus ruber, 191. noveboracensis, Coturnicops, 104. noveboracensis, Seiurus, 319. nuchalis, Sphyrapicus varius, 190. Nucifraga, 229. Numenius, 124. Nutcracker, Clarke's, 230. Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 346. Florida White-breasted, 345. Pigmy, 346. Red-breasted, 346. Rocky Mountain, 346. Slender-billed, 345. San Lucas, 346. White-breasted, 345. White-naped, 347. nuttalli, Dryobates, 188. nuttalli, Phalaenoptilus, 197. nuttalli, Pica, 222. nuttalli, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 262. Nuttallornis, 213. Nyctanassa, 99. Nyctea, 176. nyctea, Nyctea, 176. Nycticorax, 99. nycticorax, Nycticorax, 99. Nyctidromus, 198. Nyroca, 74. OBSCURA, Aphelocoma calif ornica,225. 416 INDEX. obscura, Polioptila caerulea, 358. obscurus, Dendragapus, 138. obscurus, Molothrus ater, 232. obscurus, Regulus, 357. obscurus, Perisoreus, 227. obscurus, Vireo huttoni, 303. obsoletus, Falco rusticolus, 164. obsoletus, Rallus, 102. obsoletus, Salpinctes, 336. occidentalis, ^Echmophorus, 21. occidentalis, Ardea, 95. occidentalis, Branta canadensis, 86. occidentalis, Catharista, 389. occidentalis, Certhia familiaris, 344. occidentalis, Coccyzus americanus, 182. occidentalis, Dendroica, 317. occidentalis, Geothlypis trichas, 322. occidentalis, Larus, 38. occidentalis, Otocoris alpestris, 221. occidentalis, Passerherbulus henslowi, 258. occidentalis, Pelecanus, 65. occidentalis, Penthestes atricapillus, 349. occidentalis, Sialia, 367. occidentalis, Strix, 170. oceanicus, Oceanites, 58. Oceanites, 58. Oceanitinse, 58. Oceanodrama, 56. ochracea, Spizella monticola, 363. ochrophus, Helodromas, 121. Ochthodromus, 130. Odontoglossse, 90, 383. Odontolcse, 377. Odontophoridse, 134. Odontormse, 375. oenanthe, Saxicola, 365, 366. Oidemia, 80. Old-squaw, 77. olivacea, Vireosylva, 298. olivacens, Myiarchus lawrencei, 211. olivaceus, Peucedramus, 310. olivaceus, Regulus satrapa, 356. Olor, 89, 382. Onychoprion, 46. opisthomelas, Puffinus, 53. Oporornis 320. oreganus, Junco, 266. oregonus, Larus, 380. oregonus, Pipilo maculatus, 280. Oreortyx, 135. Oreoscoptes, 330. Oreospiza, 282. Oriole, Arizona, 237. Audubon's, 236. Baltimore, 238. Bullock's, 238. Orchard, 237. Scott's, 236. Sennett's, 237. ornatus, Calcarius, 252. Ornithopappi, 375. OrnithursB, 375. Ortalis, 146. oryzivorus, Dolichonyx, 231. osborni, Creccoides, 385. Oscines, 218. osceola, Meleagris gallopavo, 146. osgoodi, Canachites canadensis, 139. Osprey, 168. ossifragus, Corvus, 229. ostralegus, Hsematopus, 132. Otocoris, 219. Otus, 172. Oven-bird, 319. Owl, Aiken's Screech, 173. Arctic Horned, 175. Barn, 168. Barred, 170. Burrowing, 177. California Pygmy, 178. California Screech, 173. Dusky Horned, 175. Dwarf Horned, 175. Dwarf Screech, 174. Elf, 178. European Hawk, 176. Ferruginous Pygmy, 178. Flammulated Screech, 174. Florida Barred, 170. INDEX. 417 Owl, Florida Burrowing, 177. Florida Screech, 173. Great Gray, 171. Great Horned, 175. Hawk, 177. Hoskins's Pygmy, 178. Kennicott's Screech, 173. Labrador Horned, 176. Lapp, 171. Long-eared, 169. MacFarlane's Screech, 174. Mexican Screech, 173. Northern Spotted, 170. Northwestern Saw-whet, 172. Pacific Horned, 175. Pygmy, 178. Richardson's, 171. Rocky Mountain Screech, 173. Saint Michael Horned, 176. Saw-whet, 172. Screech, 172. Short-eared, 169. Snowy, 176. Spotted, 170. Spotted Screech, 174. Texas Barred, 170. Texas Screech, 173. Western Horned, 175. Xantus's Screech, 174. Oxyechus, 128. Oyster-catcher, 132. Black, 133. European, 132. Frazar's, 133. PACHYRHYNCHA, Rhynchopsitta, 179. pacifica, Gavia, 25. pacificus, Bubo virginianus, 175. pacificus, Nannus hiemalis, 341. Pagophila, 35. Palaeoborus, 389. Palaeonornis, 393. Palaeospiza, 392. Palseotetrix, 387. Palaeotringa, 386. pallasi, Hylocichla guttata, 362. pallescens, Bubo virginianus, 175. pallescens, Chaemepelia passerina, 150. palliatus, Hsematopus, 132. palliatus, Junco phaeonotus, 268. pallida, Otocoris alpestris, 220. pallida, Spizella, 264. pallidicinctus, Tympanuchus, 144. pallidiventris, Myiochanes pertinax, 213. pallidus, Astragalinus tristis, 249. palmarum, Dendroica, 318. palmeri, Toxostoma curvirostre, 333. paloccidentalis, Ardea, 383. paloregonus, Olor, 382. patpebrata, Phcebetria, 49. paludicola, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. Paludicolae, 100, 384. palustris, Telmatodytes, 342. Pandion, 168. Pandionidae, 168. papa, Sarcorhamphus, 371. Parabuteo, 156. paradisaea, Sterna, 44. parasiticus, Stercorarius, 34. Parauque, Merrill's, 198. Paridae, 347. parisorum, Icterus, 236. parkmani, Troglodytes aedon, 340. Paroquet, Carolina, 179. Parrot, Thick-billed, 179. Partridge, Alaska Spruce, 139. Canada Spruce, 139. Hudsonian Spruce, 139. pascuus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 228. Passerculus, 254. Passerella, 277. Passeres, 207, 391. Passerherbulus, 257. Passerina, 285. passerina, Chaemepelia, 150. passerina, Spizella, 263. paulus, Falco sparverius, 167. Pavo, 387. pealei, Falco peregrinus, 164. Pedicecetes, 144, 387. 418 INDEX. pelagica, Chsetura, 200. pelagica, Thalassidroma, 56. pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 64. Pelagodroma, 59. Pelecanidae, 64, 381. Pelecanus, 64. Pelican, Brown, 65. California Brown, 65. White, 65. Pelidna, 115. Pelionetta, 82. Pendulinus, 237. penelope, Mareca, 69. Penelopes, 146, 388. Penelopinae, 146. penicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 63. peninsulse, Myiochanes richardsoni, 214. peninsulas, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. peninsulse, Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, 284. peninsularis, Falco sparverius, 167. peninsularis, Lagopus leucurus, 143. pensylvanica, Dendroica, 314. Penthestes, 349. peregrina, Vermivora, 309. peregrinus, Falco, 164. Perisoreus, 226. Perissoglossa, 310. pernix, Aletornis, 485. perspicillata, Oidemia, 82. pertinax, Myiarchus cinerascens, 210. pert max, Myiochanes, 213. Petrel, Ashy, 57. Black, 57. Black-capped, 54. Bulwer's 55. Fisher's, 55. Fork-tailed, 56. Guadaloupe, 57. Hawaiian, 57. Hornby's, 370. Leach's, 57. Least, 55. Kaeding's, 56. Pintado, 51. Petrel, Scaled, 55. Socorro, 58. Storm, 56. White-bellied, 58. White-faced, 59. Wilson's, 58. Petrochelidon, 291. Peucsea, 270. Peucedramus, 310. Pewee, Large-billed, 214. Western Wood, 214. Wood, 213. phaea, Chamsea fasciata, 355. phseonotus, Junco, 268. phseopus, Numenius, 125. Phaethon, 59. Phaethontidse, 59. Phainopepla, 296. Phalacrocoracidse, 62, 381. Phalacrocorax, 62, 381. Phalsenoptilus, 197. Phalarope, Northern, 107. Red, 107. Wilson's, 108. Phalaropodidse, 107. Phalaropus, 107. Phaleris, 27. phalcena, Falco sparverius, 167. phaloenoides, Glaucidium, 178. phasianellus, Pedicecetes, 144. Phasiani, 134, 387. Phasianidse, 387. Philacte, 88. Philadelphia, Larus, 40. Philadelphia, Oporornis, 321. philadelphica, Vireosylva, 299. Philohela, 110. Phoebastria, 48. Phoebe, 212. Black, 212. Say's, 212. phcebe, Sayornis, 212. Phoebetria, 49. phoeniceus, Agelaius, 233. Phoenicopteridse, 90, 383. Phoenicopterus, 90, 383. INDEX. 419 Phlceotomus, 191. Pica, 221. pica, Pica, 221. Pici, 185, 391. Picicorvus, 229. PicidjB, 185. Picoides, 189. picoideus, Dryobates villosus, 186. picta, Oreortyx, 135. picta, Setophaga, 326. pictus, Calcarius, 252. Pigeon, Band-tailed, 147. Passenger, 148. Red-billed, 147. Scaled, 148. Viosca's, 147. White-crowned, 147. pileatus, Phloaotomus, 191, 192. pileolata, Wilsonia pusilla, 325. Pinicola, 241. pinosus. Junco hyemalis, 267. Pintail, 72. pinus, Spinus, 250. pinus, Vermivora, 306. Pipilo, 279. Pipit, 328. Meadow, 328. Red-throated, 329. Sprague's, 329. Piranga, 288. piscator, Sula, 61. Pisobia, 113. pitiayumi, Compsothlypis, 310. Pitangus, 209. plagiata, Asturina, 160. Planesticus, 363. Plataleidse, 91. platycercus, Selasphoms, 203. Platypsaris, 207. platypterus, Buteo, 159. platyrhynchos, Anas, 68. Plautus, 32. Plectrophenax, 250. Plegadis, 92. plesius, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. pliogryps, Aquila, 390. Plover, Black-bellied, 126. European Golden, 127. Golden, 127. Little Ringed, 129. Mongolian, 129. Mountain, 130. Pacific Golden, 127. Piping, 129. Ringed, 128. Semipalmated, 128. Snowy, 129. Upland, 123. Wilson's, 130. plumbea, Polioptila, 358. plumbeus, Lanivireo solitarius, 300. plumbeus, Psaltriparus, 353. plumifera, Oreortyx picta, 135. Podasocys, 130. podiceps, Podilymbus, 23. Podilymbus, 23. poliocephala, Chamaethlypis, 323. Polioptila, 357. Polioptilinae, 357. pollicaris, Rissa tridactyla, 36. Polyborinse, 167. Polyborus, 167. polyglottos, Mimus, 330, 331. Polysticta, 54. pomarinus, Stercorarius, 34. Pocecetes, 253. Poor-will, 197. Dusky, 197. Frosted, 197. Porzana, 103. porzana, Porzana, 103. pratensis, Anthus, 328. praticola, Otocoris alpestris, 219. pratincola, Aluco, 168. princeps, Passerculus, 254. principalis, Campephilus, 185. principalis, Corvus corax, 228. Priocella, 51. Priofinus, 54. priscus, Laopteryx, 375. prisous, Telmatornis, 385. proavus, Grus, 384. 420 INDEX. Procellariidae, 50, 370, 380. Procellariinse, 55. Progne, 290. propinqua, Branta, 382. propinquus, Planesticus migratorius, 363. Protonotaria, 305. psaltria, Astragalinus, 249. Psaltriparus, 352. Psittaci, 179. Psittacidse, 179. psittacula, Phaleris, 27. Ptarmigan, Adak, 142. Alexander's, 141. Allen's, 141. Dixon's, 142. Evermann's, 142. Kenai White-tailed, 143. Nelson's, 141. Reinhardt's, 141. Rock, 141. Townsend's, 142. Turner's, 141. Welch's, 142. White-tailed, 142. Willow, 140. Pteropappi, 375. ptilocnemis, Arquatella, 112. Ptilogonatidse, 296. Ptychoramphus, 27. pubeecens, Dryobates, 187. Puffin, 26. Homed, 26. Large-billed, 26. Tufted, 25. Puffinidae, 52. Puffinus, 52, 380. puffinus, Puffinus, 52. pugnax, Machetes, 123. pulchra, Passerina versicolor, 286. pulverius, Salpinctes obsoletus, 336. pumilus, Graculavus, 381. punctulatus, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. purpureus, Carpodacus, 243. pusilla, ^Ethia, 28. pusilla, Sitta, 346. pusilla, Spizella, 265. pusilla, Wilsonia, 325. pusillula, Melospiza melodia, 274. pusillus, Ereunetes, 117. pusillus, Vireo belli, 303. pygmaea, ^Ethia, 28. pygmsea, Sitta, 346. pygmaeus, Empidonax fulvifrons, 217. pygmaeus, Eurynorhynchus, 117. Pygopodes, 21, 379. Pyrocephalus, 217. Pyrrhula, 242. Pyrrhuloxia, 283. Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 283. San Lucas, 284. Texas, 283. QUAIL, California, 136. Chestnut-bellied, 136. Gambel's, 137. Mearns's, 137. Mountain, 135 Plumed, 135. San Pedro, 135. Scaled, 136. Valley, 136. Quail-Dove, Blue-headed, 151. Key West, 151 Ruddy, 151. Querquedula, 71. querula, Zonotrichta, 261. Quiscalus, 239. quiscula, Quiscalus, 239. RAIL, Belding's, 102. Black, 104. California Clapper, 102. Caribbean Clapper, 103. Clapper, 102. Farallon, 104. Florida Clapper, 102. King, 101. Louisiana Clapper, 102. Light-footed, 102. Virginia. 103. INDEX. 421 Rail, Wayne's Clapper, 102. YeUow, 104. Ralli, 101, 385. Rallidse, 101, 385. Rallinae, 101. Rallus, 101. Raptores, 152, 389. rara, Cimolopteryx, 392. Raven, 228. Northern, 228. White-necked, 228. Recurvirostra, 108. Recurvirostridse, 108. Redhead, 74. redivivum, Toxostoma, 334. Redpoll, 248. Greenland, 247. Greater, 248. Hoary, 247. Holboll's, 248. Redshank, Common, 371. Redstart, 326. Painted, 326. Red-tail, Alaska, 158. Western, 157. Red-wing, Bahama, 233. Bicolored, 234. Florida, 234. Northwestern, 234. San Diego, 234. Sonora, 233. Thick-billed, 234. Tricolored, 235. Vera Cruz, 234. regalis, Hesperornis, 377. regens, Barornis, 379. Regulinse, 356. Regulus, 356. reinhardi, Lagopus rupestris, 141. resplendens, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, 64. retusa, Cimolopteryx, 392. Rhodostethia, 41. Rhyacophilus, 121. Rhyncodon, 164. Rhynchofalco, 166. Rhynchophanes, 252. Rhynchopsitta, 179. richardsoni, Cryptoglaux funerea, 171. richardsoni, Dendragapus obscurus, 138. richardsoni, Falco columbarius, 165. richardsoni, Myiochanes, 214. richmondi, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. ridgwayi, Colinus, 135. Riparia, 294. riparia, Riparia, 294. Rissa, 35. rivularis, Melospiza melodia, 274. Road-runner, 181. Robin, 363. San Lucas, 364. Southern, 364. Western, 363. robusta, Cyanosylvia suecica, 365. robustus, Larus, 380. robustus, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, 46. rodgersi, Fulmarus, 51. Rook, 229. rosea, Rhodostethia, 41. rossi, Chen, 84. rostrata, Acanthis linaria, 248. rostratus, Passerculus, 255. Rostrhamus, 154. Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 161. rubea, Otocoris alpestris, 220. ruber, Phoenicopterus, 90. ruber, Sphyrapicus, 191. ruberrimus, Carpodacus mexicanua, 244. rubescens, Anthus, 328. rubiginosa, Dendroica aestiva, 311. rubinus, Pyrocephalus, 217, 218. rubra, Guara, 92. rubra, Piranga, 289. rubricapilla, Vermivora, 307. rubricaudus, Phafithon, 60. rubriceps, Piranga, 373. rubrifrons, Cardellina, 327. rubripes, Anas, 68. rufescens, Dichromanassa, 97. 422 INDEX. rufescens, Penthestes, 352. Ruff, 123. ruficeps, Aimophila, 271, 272. ruficollis, Hydranassa tricolor, 97. ruficollis, Pisobia, 371. rufina, Melospiza melodia, 274. rufina, Netta, 73. rufipileus, Colaptes, 195. rufivirgatus, Arremenops, 278. rufula, Chamsea fasciata, 355. rufum, Toxostoma, 332. rufus, Selasphorus, 204. rupestris, Lagopus, 141. rustica, Hirundo, 292. rusticola, Scolopax, 109. rusticolus, Falco, 163. ruticilla, Setophaga, 326. Rynchopidae, 48. Rynchops, 48. SABINI, Bonasa umbellus, 140. sabini, Xema, 41. sakhalina, Pelidna alpina, 116. salicamans, Astragalinus tristis, 249. salicicola, Hylocichla fuscescens, 360. Salpinctes, 335. salvini, Uranomitra, 206. samuelis, Melospiza melodia, 273. sanaka, Melospiza melodia, 275. sancti-johannis, Archibuteo lagopus, 161. sanctorum, Passerculus rostratus, 256. Sanderling, 118. Sandpiper, Aleutian, 113. Baird's, 114. Buff-breasted, 124. Cooper's, 370. Curlew, 116. Green, 121. Least, 115. Pectoral, 114. Pribilof, 113. Purple, 113. Red-backed, 116. Semipalmated, 117. Sandpiper, Sharp-tailed, 113. Solitary, 121. Spoon-bill, 117. Spotted, 124. Stilt, 112. Western, 117. Western Solitary, 121. White-rumped, 114. Wood, 121. sandvicensis, Sterna, 43. sandwichensis, Passerculus, 254. Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted, 191. Red-breasted, 191. Red-naped, 190. Williamson's, 191. Yellow-bellied, 190. Sarcorhamphi, 152, 389. Sarcorhamphus, 371. satrapa, Regulus, 356. saturatior, Colaptes cafer, 195. saturatus, Bubo virginianus, 175. saturatus, Rallus crepitans, 102. Saururae, 375. savanna, Passerculus sandwichensis, 254. savannarum, Ammodramus, 256. Saxicola, 365. Sayornis, 212. sayus, Sayornis, 212. scalaris, JSstrelata, 55. scalaris, Dryobates, 188. Scardafella, 151. schistacea, Passerella iliaca, 277. schistisagus, Larus, 37. sclateri, Penthestes, 350. scolopaceus, Macrorhamphus griseus, 111. Scolopacidse, 109, 371, 386. Scolopax, 109. scotsea, Cryptoglaux acadica, 172. Scoter, 80. Surf, 82. Velvet, 81. White-winged, 81. Scotiaptex, 171. INDEX. 423 scotti, Aimophila ruficeps, 272. scotti, Rallus crepitans, 102. Seedeater, Sharpe's, 287. Seiurus, 319. Selasphorus, 203. semipalmata, ^Egialitis, 128. semipalmatus, Catoptrophorus, 122. senicula, Pipilo crissalis, 281. sennetti, Baeolophus atricristatus, 348. sennetti, Buteo albicaudatus, 159. sennetti, Chordeiles virginianus, 199. sennetti, Icterus cucullatus, 237. sennetti, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. sennetti, Toxostoma longirostre, 332. septentrionalis, Cathartes aura, 152. septentrionalis, Ceryle americana, 184. septentrionalis, Penthestes atrica- pillus, 349. sequoiensis, Hylocichla guttata, 362. serrator, Mergus, 67. serripennis, Stelgidopteryx, 295. Setophaga, 326. sharpei, Sporophila morelleti, 287. Shearwater, Allied, 53. Audubon's, 52. Black-tailed, 54. Black-vented, 53. Cinereous, 370. Cory's, 52. Greater, 52. Manx, 52. New Zealand, 54. Pink-footed, 52. Slender-billed, 53. Sooty, 53. Townsend's, 53. Wedge-tailed, 54. Sheldrake, Ruddy, 72. sheppardianus, Charadrius, 386. Shoveller, 72. Shrike, California, 297. Island, 297. Loggerhead, 297. Shrike, Migrant, 298. Northern, 296. White-rumped, 297. Sialia, 366. sialis, Sialia, 366. sieberi, Aphelocoraa, 225. sierrse, Dendragapus obscurus, 138. silvestris, Meleagris gallopavo, 145. sinuata, Pyrrhuloxia, 283. sinuatus, Corvus corax, 228. sinuosa, Geothlypis trichas, 323. Siskin, Pine, 250. Sitta, 345. Sittidae, 345. Skimmer, Black, 48. Skua, 33. skua, Megalestris, 33. Skylark, 218. slevini, Hylocichla guttata, 362. Smew, 67. Snipe, European, 110. Great, 111. Wilson's, 110. sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 155. socorroensis, Oceanodroma, 58. sodalis, Aquila, 390. Solitaire, Townsend's, 359. solitarius, Helodromas, 120, 121. solitarius, Lanivireo, 300. Somateria, 79. sonorana, Dendroica sestiva, 311. sonoriensis, Agelaius phoeniceus, 233. Sora, 103. sordida, Vermivora celata, 308. ; sororia, Aimophila ruficeps, 272. if I Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 259. Alameda Song, 274. Aleutian Savannah, 254. Aleutian Song, 275. Bachman's, 271. Baird's, 256. Belding's, 255. Bell's, 269. Bischoff s Song, 275. Black-chinned, 265. Black-throated, 269. 424 INDEX. Sparrow, Botteri's, 271. Brewer's, 264. Brown's Song, 274. Bryant's, 255. California Sage, 270. Cassin's, 271. Chipping, 263. Clay-colored, 264. Dakota Song, 274. Desert, 269. Desert Song, 273. Dusky Seaside, 260. Field, 265. Florida Grasshopper, 257. Forbush's, 276. Fox, 277. Gambel's, 262. Golden-crowned, 362. Grasshopper, 256. Gray Sage, 270. Harris's, 261. Heermann's Song, 273. Henslow's, 257. Ipswich, 254. Kadiak Fox, 278. Kenai Song, 275. Laguna, 272. Large-billed, 255. Lark, 260. Leconte's, 258. Lincoln's, 276. Louisiana Seaside, 259. Macgillivray's Seaside, 260. Mendocino Song, 275. Merrill's Song, 274. Mountain Song, 273. Nelson's, 258. Nuttall's, 262. Oregon Vesper, 253. Pine-wood's, 270. Rock, 272. Rufous-crowned, 272. Rufous-winged, 271. Rusty Song, 273. Sage, 270. Samuel's Song, 273. Sparrow, San Benito, 256. San Diego Song, 275. San Clemente Song, 274. San Lucas, 255. Santa Barbara Song, 274. Savannah, 254. Scott's, 272. Scott's Seaside, 259. Seaside, 259. Sharp-tailed, 258. Shumagin Fox, 277. Slate-colored Fox, 277. Song, 272. Sooty Fox, 278. Sooty Song, 274. Stephens's Fox, 278. Suisun Song, 275. Swamp, 276. Texas, 278. Texas Seaside, 259. Thick-billed Fox, 277. Townsend's Fox, 278. Tree, 263. Vesper, 253. Western Chipping, 264. Western Field, 265. Western Grasshopper, 257. Western Henslow's, 258. Western Lark, 260. Western Savannah, 254. Western Tree, 263. Western Vesper, 253. White-crowned, 261. White-throated, 262. Worthen's, 265. Yakutat Song, 275. sparverius, Falco, 166. sparveroides, Falco, 167. Spatula, 72. spectabilis, Somateria, 80. Speotyto, 177. Sphyrapicus, 190. spilurus, Thryomanes bewicki, 338. spinosa, Jacana, 133. Spinus, 250. Spiza, 287. INDEX. 425 Spizella, 263. sponsa, Aix, 73. Spoonbill, Roseate, 91. Sporophila, 286. spraguei, Anthus, 329. spurius, Icterus, 237. squamata, Callipepla, 136. squamosa, Columba, 148. Squatarola, 126. squatarola, Squatarola, 126. Starling, 230. Starnoenas, 151. Steganopodes, 59, 380. Steganopus, 108. Stelgidopteryx, 295. stellaris, Cistotherus, 342. stellata, Gavia, 25. stelleri, Cyanocitta, 222. stelleri, Polysticta, 78. Stellula, 204. stephensi, Passerella iliaca, 278. stephensi, Vireo huttoni, 302. Stercorariidse, 33. Stercorarius, 34. Sterna, 42, 44. Sternince, 42. Sternula, 45. Stilt, Black-necked, 109. Stint, Long-toed, 115. stolidus, Anoiis, 47. streperus, Chaulelasmus, 69. striata, Dendroica, 315. striata, Melospiza lincolni, 276. striatulus, Astur atricapillus, 156. stricklandi, Loxia curvirostra, 245. strigata, Otocoris alpestris, 220. strigatus, Chondestes grammacus, 260. Striges, 168, 390. Strigidae, 169, 390. Strix, 169. struthionoides, Palseonomis, 393. Sturnella, 235. Sturnidse, 230. Sturnus, 230. subarcticus, Bubo virginianus, 175. subis, Progne, 290. subruficollis, Tryngites, 124. subvirgatus, Passerherbulus nelsoni, 259. suckleyi, Falco columbarius, 165. suecica, Cyanosylvia, 365. Sula, 60, 380. sulcirostris, Crotophaga, 180. Sulidse, 60, 380. sulphuratus, Pitangus, 209, 210. superbus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 282. superbus, Meleagris, 388. Surf-bird, 131. surinamensis, Hydrochelidon nigra, 47. Surnia, 176. swainsoni, Buteo, 159. swainsoni, Helinaia, 305. swainsoni, Hylocichla ustulata, 361. swainsoni, Vireosylva gilva, 299. Swallow, Bahama, 294. Bank, 294. Bam, 292. Cliff, 291. Cuban Cliff, 292. European, 292. Lesser Cliff, 291. Mexican Cliff, 292. Northern Violet-green, 293. Rough- winged, 295. San Lucas, 294. Tree, 293. Swan, Trumpeter, 89. Whistling, 89. Whooper, 89. Swift, Black, 200. Chimney, 200. Vaux's, 201. White-throated, 201. Sylviidje, 355, 374. Sylviinae, 355. Synthliboramphus, 29. TACHINA, Petrochelidon lunifrons, 291 . Tachybaptus, 23. Tachycineta, 293. 426 INDEX. Tachytriorchis, 159. tahitiensis, Numenius, 125. Tanager, Cooper's, 290. Gray's, 373. Hepatic, 289. Scarlet, 289. Summer, 289. Western, 288. Tangaridse, 288, 373. Tangavius, 232. Tatler, Wandering, 122. Teal, Blue- winged, 71. Cinnamon, 71. European, 70. Green- winged, 70. telephonus, Cuculus canorus, 182. Telmatodytes, 342. Telmatornis, 385. tener, Ichthyornis, 376. tenuirostris, Puffinus, 53. tephrocotis, Leucosticte, 246. Teratornis, 389. Teratornithidse, 389. Tern, Aleutian, 45. Arctic, 44. Black, 47. Bridled, 46. Cabot's, 43. Caspian, 42. Common, 44. Elegant, 43. Forster's, 44. Gull-billed, 42. Least, 45. Roseate, 45. Royal, 43. Sooty, 46. Trudeau's, 44. White-winged, 47. terraenovse, Dry o bates villosus, 186. terrestris, Chsemepelia passerina, 150. Tetraonidse, 137, 387. texana, Aphelocoma, 224. texana, Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, 283. texanus, Colinus virginianus, 134. texensis, Chordeiles acutipennis, 199. Thalasseus, 42. Thalassidroma, 56. thalassina, Tachycineta, 293. Thalassogeron, 49. Thrasher, Bendire's, 333. Brown, 332. California, 334. Crissal, 334. Curve-billed, 332. Desert, 334. Leconte's, 334. Mearns's, 333 Palmer's, 333. Sage, 330. San Lucas, 333. Sennett's, 332. Thrush, Alaska Hermit, 361. Audubon's Hermit, 362. Bicknell's, 360. Dwarf Hermit, 362. Gray-cheeked, 360. Hermit, 362. Monterey Hermit, 362. Northern Varied, 365. Olive-backed, 361. Red-winged, 363. Russet-backed, 361. Sierra Hermit, 362. Varied, 364. Willow, 360. Wood, 359. Thryomanes, 338. Thyothorus, 337. thurberi, Junco hyemalis, 267. thyroides, Sphyrapicus, 191. Tiaris, 287. tigrina, Dendroica, 310. Tinnunculus, 165. tinnunculus, Falco, 166. Titmouse, Ashy, 348. Black-crested, 347. Bridled, 348. Gray, 348. Plain, 348. Sennett's, 348. Tufted, 347. togata, Bonasa umbellus, 140. tolmiei, Oporornis, 321. INDEX. 427 torda, Alca, 32. torquata, Ceryle, 184. Totanus, 120. totanus, Totanus, 371. Towhee, 279. Abert's, 281. Anthony's, 281. Arctic, 279. California, 281. Canon, 281 . Green-tailed, 282. Guadalupe, 280. Large-billed, 280. Oregon, 280. San Clemente, 280. San Diego, 280. San Lucas, 281. Spurred, 280. White-eyed, 279. townsendi, Dendroica, 317. townsendi, Junco hyemalis, 268. townsendi, Lagopus rupestris, 142. townsendi, Myadestes, 359. townsendi, Passerella iliaca, 278. townsendi, Plectrophenax nivalis, 251 . townsendi, Spiza, 372. Toxostoma, 332. trailli, Empidonax, 215, 216. Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 88. Fulvous, 88. trichas, Geothlypis, 322. trichopsis, Otus, 174. tricolor, Agelaius, 235. tricolor, Hydranassa, 97. tricolor, Steganopus, 108. tridactyla, Rissa, 35. Tringa, 112. tristis, Anas rubripes, 370. tristis, Astragalinus, 248. Trochili, 201. Trochilidae, 201. Troglodytes, 340. Troglodytidse, 335 Trogon, 183. Trogon, Coppery-tailed, 183. Trogones, 183. Trogonidae, 183. troille, Uria, 31. Tropic-bird, Red-billed, 59. Red-tailed, 60. Yellow-billed, 59. Troupial, 372. trudeaui, Sterna, 44. Tryngites, 123. Tubinares, 48, 380. turati, Dryobates pubescens, 187. Turdida3, 358. Turdinse, 359. Turdus, 363. Turkey, Florida, 146. Merriam's, 145. Rio Grande, 146. Wild, 145. turneri, Penthestes atricapillus, 349. Turnstone, 131. Black, 132. Ruddy, 131. Tympanuchus, 143. Tyrannidae, 207. Tyrannus, 208. tyrannus, Muscivora, 207. tyrannus, Tyrannus, 208. tzacatl, Amizilis, 205. UINTORNIS, 391. ulula, Surnia, 176. umbelloides, Bonasa umbellus, 140. umbellus, Bonasa, 139, 140. umbrosus, Palseoborus, 389. unalaschensis, Passerella iliaca, 277. unicinctus, Parabuteo, 157. unicolor, Cinclus mexicanus, 330. Uranomitra, 206. urbica, Chelidonaria, 294. Uria, 31, 379. Urile, 63. urile, Phalacrocorax, 64. urophasianus, Centrocercus, 145. uropygialis, Centurus, 194. usnese, Compsothlypis americana, 309. ustulata, Hylocichla, 361. Urubitinga, 160. 428 INDEX. urubu, Catharista, 153. VAGANS, Palseotringa, 386. validus, Ichthyornis, 376. valisineria, Mania, 74. vallicola, Lophortyx calif ornica, 136. Vanellus, 126. vanellus, Vanellus, 126. varia, Mniotilta, 304. varia, Strix, 170. varius, Sphyrapicus, 190. vauxi, Chaetura, 201. Veery, 359. vegae, Larus, 38. velox, Accipiter, 155. velox, Graculavus, 381. venustus, Aletornis, 385. Verdin, 354. Cape, 354. Vermivora, 306. vermivorus, Helmitheros, 306. versicolor, Passerina, 286. verticalis, Tyrannus, 209. vespertina, Hesperiphona, 240, 241. vetula, Ortalis, 146. vetus, Palaeotringa, 386. victor, Ichthyornis, 376. vicinior, Vireo, 303. vigorsi, Dendroica, 318. vigua, Phalacrocorax, 63. villosus, Dryobates, 185. violacea, Nyctanassa, 99. vioscae, Columba fasciata, 147. virens, Dendroica, 317. virens, Icteria, 324. virens, Myiochanes, 213. Vireo, 301. Vireo, Anthony's. 303. Bell's, 303. Black-capped, 301. Black-whiskered, 298. Blue-headed.. 300. Bermuda, 302 Cassin's, 300. Frazar's, 303. Gray, 303. Vireo, Button's, 302. Key West, 302. Least, 303. Mountain, 301. Philadelphia, 299. Plumbeous, 300. Red-eyed, 298. San Lucas, 301. Small White-eyed, 302. Stephens's, 302. Texas, 303. Warbling, 299. Western Warbling, 299. White-eyed, 301. Yellow-green, 299. Yellow-throated, 300. Vireonidae, 298. Vireosylva, 298. virescens, Butorides, 98. virescens, Empidonax, 215. virgata, Aphriza, 131. virginise, Vermivora, 307. virginianus, Bubo, 175. virginianus, Chordeiles, 198. virginianus, Colinus, 134. virginianus, Rallus, 103. v-nigra, Somateria, 80. vociferans, Tyrannus, 209. vociferus, Antrostomus, 196. vociferus, Aramus, 101. vociferus, Oxyechus, 128. vulgaris, Sturnus, 230. Vulture, Black, 153. California, 152. King, 371. Turkey, 152. WAGTAIL, Alaska Yellow, 328. Swinhoe's, 327. White, 327. Warbler, Alaska Yellow, 311. Audubon's, 313. Bachman's, 306. Bay-breasted, 314. Black and White, 304. Blackburnian, 315. INDEX. 429 Warbler, Black-fronted, 313. Black-poll, 315. Black-throated Blue, 312. Black-throated Gray, 316. Black-throated Green, 317. Blue Mountain, 373. Blue-winged, 306. Cairns's, 312. Calaveras, 308. California Yellow, 311. Canada, 325. Cape May, 310. Carbonated, 373. Cerulean, 314. Chestnut-sided, 314. Connecticut, 321. Dusky, 308. Golden-cheeked, 316. Golden Pileolated, 325. Golden-winged, 307. Grace's, 316. Hermit, 317. Hooded, 324. Kennicott's Willow, 355. Kentucky, 320. Kirtland's, 317. Lucy's, 307. Lutescent, 308. Macgillivray's, 321. Magnolia, 313. Mangrove, 312. Mourning, 321. Myrtle, 312. Nashville, 307. Northern Parula, 309. Olive, 310. Orange-crowned, 308. Palm, 318. Parula, 309. Pileolated, 325. Pine, 318. Prairie, 319. Prothonotary, 305. Red-faced, 327. Sennett's, 310. Small-headed, 373. Warbler, Sonora Yellow, 311. Swainson's, 305. Sycamore, 316. Tennessee, 309. Townsend's, 317. Virginia's, 307. Wilson's, 325. Worm-eating, 306. Yellow, 311. Yellow Palm, 318. Yellow-throated, 315. wardi, Ardea herodias, 96. waynei, Rallus crepitans, 102. Water-Thrush, 319. Grinnell's, 320. Louisiana, 324. Water-Turkey, 61. Waxwing, Bohemian, 295. Cedar, 296. welchi, Lagopus, 142. Wheatear, 366. Greenland, 366. Whimbrel, 125. Whip-poor-will, 196. Stephens' s, 197. whitneyi, Micropallas, 178. Widgeon, European, 69. Willet, 122. Western, 122. Wilsonia, 324. wilsonianus, Asio, 169. wilsonius, Ochthodromus, 130. wollweberi, Baeolophus, 348. Woodcock, 110. European, 109. woodhousei, Aphelocoma, 224. Woodpecker, Alaska Three-toed, 190. Alpine Three-toed, 190. Arctic Three-toed, 189. Arizona, 188. Ant-eating, 192. Batchelder's, 187. Cabanis's, 186. California, 193. Downy, 187. Gairdner's, 187. 430 INDEX. Woodpecker, Gila, 194. Golden-fronted, 194. Hairy, 185. Harris's, 186. Ivory-billed, 185. Lewis's, 193. Narrow-fronted, 193. Nelson's Downy, 187. Newfoundland, 186. Northern Hairy, 185. Northern Pileated, 192. Nuttall's, 188. Pileated, 192. Queen Charlotte, 186. Red-bellied, 193. Red-cockaded, 188. Red-headed, 192. Rocky Mountain, 186. San Lucas, 188. Southern Downy, 187. Southern Hairy, 186. Texas, 188. Three-toed, 189. White-headed, 189. Willow, 187. wortheni, Spizella, 265. Wren, Alaska, 341. Aleutian, 341. Baird's, 339. Bewick's, 338. Bryant's Cactus, 335. Cactus, 335. Canon, 337. Carolina, 337. Dotted Canon, 337. Florida, 338. Guadalupe, 339. Guadalupe Rock, 336. House, 340. Kadiak Winter, 341. Lomita, 338. Long-billed Marsh, 342. Marian's Marsh, 343. Prairie Marsh, 343. Rock, 336. San Clemente, 339. San Diego, 339. Wren, San Lucas Cactus, 335. Seattle, 339. San Nicolas Rock, 336. Short-billed Marsh, 342. Texas, 339. Tute, 343. Vigors's, 338. Western House, 340. Western Marsh, 343. Western Winter, 341. White-throated, 337. Winter, 341. Worthington's Marsh, 343. Wren-Tit, 354. Coast., 355. Pallid, 355. Ruddy, 355. wrighti, Empidonax, 217. wyomingensis, Gallinuloides, 388. XANTHOCEPHALUS, 232. xanthocephalus, Xanthocephalus 232. Xanthoura, 226. xantusi, Basilinna, 206. xantusi, Otus, 174. Xema, 41. Xenopicus, 189. YELLOW-LEGS, 120. Greater, 120. Yellow-throat, Belding's, 323. Florida, 322. Maryland, 322. Pacific, 323. Rio Grande, 323. Salt Marsh, 323. Western, 322. Yphantes, 237. ZAMELODIA, 284. zelotes, Certhia familiaris, 345. Zenaida, 149. zenaida, Zenaida, 149. Zenaidura, 148. Zonotrichia, 261. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF 642-2531 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS Renewed books are subject to immediate recall HUE AS STAMPED BELOW DtCSClEMCE! UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FORM NO. DD4, 12m, 12/80 BERKELEY, CA 94720 fc LD 21-95m-7,'37 U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 210159 A66 1910 A.O.U. checklist of N. American bird UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY