QD O c, LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EARTH • ff LI UN /a "nmnir i ^ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 75 NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN THE COLLEC- %*** TION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY HUBERT LYMANjCLARK Museum of Comparative Zoology '^Cambridge, Mass, •^T«»* **»«2s^ PER\ WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 75 NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN THE COLLEC- TION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY HUBERT LYMAN jCLARK Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ISSUED FEBRUARY .23, 1911. fW-EO, ADVERTISEMENT. The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly-acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthro- pology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually and dis- tributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the table of contents of the volumes. The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and cata- logues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Contribu- tions from the National Herbarium, has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 75 of the Bulletin series. RICHARD RATHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, In charge of the United States National Museum. WASHINGTON, D. C., January 3, 1911. in TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. List of illustrations xi Introduction 1 The distribution of the North Pacific Ophiuroidea 7 Geographical distribution 7 Bath y metrical and temperature distribution 13 Associational distribution 17 Conclusions as to distribution of Ophiurans in North Pacific Ocean 22 Descriptions of species 23 Family Ophiodermatidae 23 Pectinura anchista 23 Ophiarachnella gorgonia 25 megalaspis 25 Ophioconis diastata 27 papillata 28 Family Ophiolepididse 30 Ophioplocus imbricatus 30 japonicus 30 Ophiozona elevata 31 longispina 33 platydisca 34 polyplax 35 projecta 36 Genus Ophiura 36 Ophiura kinbergi 37 sarsii „ 37 liitkeni 45 micracantha 47 maculata 49 leptoctenia 51 quadrispina 55 Ibathybia , 58 flagellata 60 imbecillis 62 irrorata 62 clasta 64 monostoBcha 65 calyptolepis 67 cryptolepis 69 nodosa 70 eculpta 73 stuwitzii 73 cediplax 74 v VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Descriptions of species — Continued. Family Ophiolepididae — Continued. Genus Ophiura — Continued. Page. Ophiura sterea 75 sculptilis 77 ponderosa 77 megapoma 79 hadra 80 stiphra 82 penichra 84 atacta 85 brachyactis 87 pomphophora 89 glyptodisca 91 Genus Anthophiura 92 Anthophiura axiologa 93 Ophiotrochus longispmus 94 Ophiernus adspersus 95 Ophiocten pacificum 96 charischema 97 brevispinum 98 ooplax 99 Genus Ophiopenia 102 Ophiopenia disacantha 102 tetracantha 104 Ophiomusium cancellatum 106 laqueatum 106 liitkeni 107 lunare 107 lymani 107 simplex 109 trychnum 109 jolliensis : Ill multispinum 113 Family Amphiuridae 114 Ophiambix aculeatus 114 Genus Ophiopholis 115 Ophiopholis mirabilis , 117 brachyactis 117 longispina 119 bakeri 121 aculeata var. japonica 123 aculeata _. 128 aculeata var. kennerlyi 132 Ophiochiton fastigatus 133 Ophiactis pteropoma 134 brachygenys 135 dyscrita 137 brachyaspis 138 gymnochora 139 Amphiura bellis 140 diomedeae 140 sunde valli 141 carchara 142 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII Descriptions of species — Continued. Family Amphiuridse — Continued. Genus Amphiura — Continued. I'age. Amphiura leptodoma 143 euopla 144 acrystata 145 ecnomiotata 148 trachydisca 149 micraspis. .^ . 150 pycnostoma 151 psilopora 153 Amphiodia urtica 154 occidentalis 155 craterodmeta 155 maeraspis 157 euryaspis 158 periercta 160 ancistrota 161 digitula • 162 strongyloplax : 164 psilochora 165 Amphipholis pugetana 166 Amphioplus rhadinobrachius 167 acanthinus 168 hexacanthus , 170 rnegapomus 170 Amphilepis platytata 171 Amphilimna pentacantha 172 Ophionereis eurybrachiplax 174 Genus Ophiocrasis 175 Ophiocrasis dictydisca 175 Ophiodoris pericalles 177 Family Ophiohelidse 179 Ophiomitra cardiomorpha 179 discycla .' 181 habrotata 182 microphylax 184 bythiaspis 185 polyacantha '. 187 codonomorpha 188 acontophora 190 Ophiocamax lithosora 191 polyploca 193 Family Ophiacanthidse 195 Ophiacantha bidentata 195 pentagona 196 levispina 198 adiaphora 199 rhachophora 201 omoplata 202 acanthinotata 203 anchilabra 204 trachybactra 206 diploa 207 VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Descriptions of species — Continued. Family Ophiacanthidse — Continued. Genus Ophiacantha — Continued. Page. Ophiacantha inutilis 208 diplasia 209 enneactis 211 prionota , 213 granulosa 215 normani 215 cataleimmoida 217 oadidisca 219 leucorhabdota 221 eurypoma 223 lepidota 224 euphylactea 225 hylacantha 227 atopostoma 228 bairdi 230 lambda 231 lophobrachia 232 bathybia 233 leucosticta 235 macrarthra 236 megatreta 237 Ophiolebes asaphes 239 brachygnatha 240 pachybactra 242 tylota 243 diaphora 245 paucispina 246 brevispina 247 Genus Ophiophrura 249 Ophiophrura liodisca 249 Genus Ophiurases 250 Ophiurases obstrictus 250 Genus Ophiologimus -.. 252 Ophiologimus hexactis 252 Genus Ophiostyracium 253 Ophiostyracium trachyacanthum 253 Genus Ophioschiza 254 Ophioschiza monacantha 255 Family Ophiocomidse 256 Ophiomastix mixta 256 Ophiocoma brevipes 256 erinacea 257 Ophiopteris papillosa 7. 257 Family Ophiothricidae 257 Ophiothrix ciliaris 257 koreana 257 spiculata 262 longipeda 263 hylodes 263 panchyendyta 264 eusteira .' 265 macrobrachia. . 267 TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX Descriptions of species — Continued. Page. Family Ophiomyxidee 269 Ophiobyrsa acanthinobrachia 269 synaptacantha 270 Ophiomyxa australis 271 anisacantha 271 Genus Ophiophrixus 272 Ophiophrixus acanthinus 273 Genus Ophiocynodus — - _ 27^ Ophiocynodus corynetes 274 Genus Ophiosyzygus 275 Ophiosyzygus disacanthus 276 Genus Ophiohymen 277 Ophiohymen gymnodiscus 277 Genus Ophioleptoplax 278 Ophioleptoplax megapora 279 Family Astrophytidae 280 Asteroporpa hadracantha 280 Astrochele Isevis 281 Ophiocreas cedipus 283 Astroceras pergamena 284 Asteronyx loveni 285 Trichaster palmiferus 287 Gorgonocephalus caryi 287 sagaminus 292 Astrophyton cornutum 293 pardalis. 293 Euryale anopla 294 [ndex . 297 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. FIG. 1. Pectinura anchista. X 3.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 24 2. Ophiarachnella megalaspsis. X 4. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 26 3. Ophioconis diastata. X 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 28 4. Ophioconis papillata. X 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of an arm joint near disk 29 5. Ophioplocus japonicus. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 31 6. Ophiozona elevata. X 6. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 32 7. Ophiozona platydisca. X 4. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 34 8. Ophiozona polyplax. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two and a half arm joints near disk 35 9. Ophiura kinbergi. X 5. Showing disk scaling and arm comb 37 10. Ophiura micracantha. X 4. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk '48 11. Ophiura macula ta; adult, a-c X 5; young, d-f X 7. a and d, from above; b and e, from below; c and/, side views of arm joints near disk : 50 12. Ophiura leptoctenia. X 5. a from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 51 13. Ophiura quadrispina. X 5.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 56 14. Ophiura bathybia. X 3.3. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 58 15. Ophiura flagellata, young. X 6. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 61 16. Ophiura clasta. X 3.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 64 17. Ophiura monostcecha. X 5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 66 18. Ophiura calyptolepis. X 4. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 68 19. Ophiura cryptolepis. X 2.5. a, from above; 6, from below; r, side view of two arm joints near disk. 69 20. Ophiura nodosa; variety from Icy Cape, Alaska. X 6. a, from above 6, from below; c, side view of base of arm 72 21. Ophiura oediplax. X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 74 XI XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. FIG. 22. Ophiura sterea. X 2.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of base of arm 76 23. Ophiura megapoma. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 79 24. Ophiura hadra. X 1.75. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of base of arm 81 25. Ophiura stiphra. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of base of arm 83 26. Ophiura penichra. X 2. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 84 27. Ophiura atacta. X 8. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 86 28. Ophiura brachyactis. X 3. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of base of arm 87 29. Ophiura pomphophora, adult. X 3.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 89 30. Ophiura pomphophora, young. X 10. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 90 31. Ophiura glyptodisca. X 8. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 91 32. Anthophiura axiologa. X 10. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 93 33. Ophiotrochus longispinus. X 8. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 94 34. Ophiernus adspersus. X 3.33 a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk : 96 35. Ophiocten charischema. X 5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 97 36. Ophiocten brevispinum. X 5.5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 99 37. Ophiocten ooplax. X 5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 100 38. Ophiopenia disacantha. a, young, X 7; b-d, adult, X 5. a, from above; 6, from above; c, from below; d, side view of three arm joints near disk 103 39. Ophiopenia tetracantha. X 8. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 105 40. Ophiomusium trychnum. X 3. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 110 41. Ophiomusium jolliensis. X 2.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 112 42. Ophiomusium multispinum. X 1.25. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 113 43. Ophiopholis mirabilis. X 3.5. Base of one arm and adjoining por- tion of disk ; from above 117 44. Ophiopholis brachyactis. X 4.5. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 118 45. Ophiopholis longispina. X 5. a, from above, 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 120 46. Ophiopholis bakeri. X 5. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 122 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XIII Page. FIG. 47. Ophiopholis aculeata var japonica. a, extreme form with small sup- plementary upper arm plates and numerous long disk spines, X 2.66; b, more usual form with fewer disk spines, X 3.33; c, unusual form with many disk scales resorbed, X 3.5; d, typical form without disk spines, X 4 127 48. Ophiopholis aculeata. X 3. From above 131 49. Ophiopholis aculeata var. kennerlyi. X 2.66. From above 133 50. Ophiactis pteropoma. X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 134 51. Ophiactis brachygenys. X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 136 52. Ophiactis dyscrita. X 20. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 137 53. Ophiactis brachyaspis. X 16. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 138 54. Ophiactis gymnochora. X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 139 55. Amphiura carchara. X 6. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk 142 56. Amphiura leptodoma. X 15. a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk 143 57. Amphiura euopla. a-c, X 5; c?, young, X 10. a, from above; b, from below; c, side view of three arm joints near disk; d, side view of two arm joints from a young specimen 144 58. Amphiura aery stata. a-/, X 5; g-i, X 4; a-c, type, a, from above; 6, from below; c, side view of two arm joints near disk; d, another specimen from above; e, from below; /, side view of two arm joints near disk; Side arm plates large but little swollen, meeting above beyond the third or fourth joint and below beyond the seventh or eighth; each plate carries two thick, blunt spines of which the upper is the longer, but is distinctly shorter than a joint. Tentacle scale single, moder- ately large. Color (dried from alcohol) , nearly uniformly white, the disk strongly tinged with gray above. Localities. — Albatross station 4957, off southeastern Japan, 437 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4969, off Shio Misaki Light> Japan, lat. 33° 23' 40" N. ; long. 135° 33' E., 587 fathoms, brown mud, signifying many and nXa.£ signifying anything fiat and broad, a plate, in reference to the numerous disk plates. 36 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sand, stones; bottom temperature 38. 9°, 1 specimen; station 4972, off Shio Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 33° 25' 45" N.; long. 135° 33' E., 440 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 24 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 437 to 587 fathoms. Temperature range, 39.8° to 38.1°. Twenty-six specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25624, U.S.N.M., from station 4969. This species is obviously near both alba Liitken and Mortensen and longispina H. L. Clark. It is easily distinguished from alba by the scaling of the disk and the much larger (relatively) radial shields; there are also slight differences in the side arm plates, the oral shields, and the arm spines, so that the two species look unlike. From longispina, the upper arm plates, side arm plates, and arm spines are quite sufficient to distinguish it, the general facies of the two species being quite different. OPHIOZONA PROJECTA. Ophiozona projecta KCEHLER, Siboga Litt. Oph., 1905, pt. 2, p. 19. Locality. — Albatross station 4893, off Goto Islands, Japan, lat. 32° 32' N.; long. 128° 32' 50" E., 95 to 106 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 55.9°, 1 specimen. Although this specimen is much larger than Koehler's type (diameter of disk, 7 mm. as against 4) and has much longer arms (35 mm. as against 20), I find no valid characters by which it can be separated from the East Indian species. The basal arm-joints have three spines instead of two, but this might be expected in view of the larger size of the specimen. Krehler does not mention the color of his specimens, but this Japanese one is dull reddish-purple, indis- tinctly variegated above with darker and lighter, and uniformly lighter below. Genus OPHIURA. While it is to be regretted that a name which has been so widely used as Ophioglyplia must be abandoned, there seems to be no escape from Bell's a reasoning, which shows clearly that Ophioglyplia Lyman is a pure synonym of Ophiura as limited by Agassiz and then by Forbes. Consequently the name Ophiura is used in this report for the group of ophiurans widely known as Ophioglyplia. With the possible exception of Ophioihrix, no genus in the whole class is so greatly in need of revision as is this one. Indeed Ophiothrix is a far more homogeneous group than Ophiura, for there are several very different generic types now included in this genus, of which over one hundred species are known. I regret to be obliged to add so con- siderably to this already unwieldy number, but I hope that the figures and descriptions here given will make the ultimate revision « Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. 8, 1891, p. 339. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIUBANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM — CLARK. 37 of the genus less, rather than more, difficult. In the arrangement , of the species I have followed the "Key" in Lyman's Challenger report, interpolating the new species, so far as possible, among their natural allies. OPHIURA KINBERGI. Ophioglypha Icinbergi LJUNGMAN, Ofv. Kong. Akad., 1866, p. 166. Ophioglypha sinensis LYMAN, 111. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 6, 1871, p. 12. Ophiura Jcinbergi MEISSNER, Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities. — Albatross station 3725, off Noma Saki, Japan, 13 fath- oms, sand, shells, gravel, 3 specimens; station 3726, off Japan, 26 fathoms, gray volcanic sand, 6 specimens; station 4815, sea of Japan, lat. 38° 16' N. ; long. 138° 52' E., 70 fathoms, dark green sand, bottom temperature 51°, 2 specimens; station 4885, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 31' 30" N.; long. 129° 30' 15" E., 53 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 13 to 70 fathoms. Thir- teen specimens. I can but agree with Kcehlera in regarding sinensis as a synonym of Jcinbergi. The Albatross specimens have been compared with Lyman's type of sinensis and are unquestionably identical ; other specimens from Australia (including what seems to be a cotype of Icinbergi}, Japan, Hong- kong, the Philippines, and Calcutta have also been available for comparison. Australian speci- mens have the oral shields relatively larger than FlG.9._OpHiuRA KINBERGI. specimens from Japan, but the specimens from x 5. SHOWING DISK SCAL- the Philippines are intermediate and I do not think the character warrants keeping sinensis and Icinbergi separate. As the arm comb of this species has never been figured, it has seemed desirable to figure it herewith (fig. 9) , as it is this character which specially distinguishes Icinbergi from the two following species. OPHIURA SARSII. Ophiura sarsii LUTKEN, Vid. Medd. for 1854, 1855, p. 101. Localities.— Albatross station 2841, off Alaska, lat. 54° 18' N.; long. 165° 55' W., 56 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 192 specimens; station 2842, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15' N.; long. 166° 3' W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 37 specimens; station 2843, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56' N.; long. 165° 56' W., 45 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, bottom temperature 43.5°, 3 speci- mens; station 2844, off Alaska, lat. 53° 56' N.; long. 165° 40' W., 54 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 63 specimens; station 2845, off Alaska, lat. 54° 5' N.; long. 164° 9' W., 42 aSiboga Litt. Oph., 1905, p. 22. 38 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 42°, 22 speci- mens; station 2847, off Alaska, lat. 55° 1' N.; long. 160° 12' W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 42°, 3 specimens; station 2848, off Alaska, lat. 55° 10' N.; long. 160° 18' W., 110 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41°, 7 specimens; station 2851, off Alaska, lat. 54° 55' N.; long. 159° 52' W., 35 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 44.8°, 167 specimens; sta- tion 2856, off Alaska, lat. 58° 7' N.; long. 151° 36' W., 68 fathoms, gray sand with black specks, bottom temperature 44°, 25 specimens; station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17' N.; long. 148° 36' W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 104 specimens; station 2862, off British Columbia, lat. 50° 49' N.; long. 127° 36' 30" W., 238 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 44.7°, 40 specimens; station 2863, off Washington, lat. 48° 58' N.; long. 123° 10' W., 67 fathoms, fine sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 48.5°, 1,765 specimens; station 2866, off Washington, lat. 48° 9' N.; long. 125° 3' W., 171 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 43.2°, 488 specimens; station 2867, off Washington, lat. 48° 7' N.; long. 124° 55' W., 37 fathoms, fine gray sand, 6 specimens; station 2876, off Washington, lat. 48° 33' N.; long. 124° 53' W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 33 specimens; station 2877, off Washington, lat. 48° 33' N.; long. 124° 53' W., 59 fathoms, black sand, mud, bottom temperature 45.5°, 18 specimens; station 2882, off Oregon, lat. 46° 9' N.; long. 124° 22' 30" W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45. 8?, 71 specimens; station 2883, off Oregon, lat. 45° 56' N.; long. 124° 1' 30" W., 29 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 50.1°, 3 specimens; station 2890, off Oregon, lat. 43° 46' N.; long. 124° 57' W., 277 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 42.2°, 209 specimens; station 3047, off Oregon, lat. 46° 47' N.; long. 124° 30' 15" W., 50 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 3 specimens; station 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4' 30" N.; long. 124° 50' W., 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 4 specimens; station 3059, off Oregon, lat. 44° 56' N.; long. 124° 12' 30" W., 77 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 45.1°, 5 specimens; station 3077, off Alaska, lat. 55° 46' N.; long. 132° 24' W., 322 fathoms, green mud, gravel, bottom temperature 42.4°, 29 specimens; station 3112, off California, lat. 37° 8' N.; long. 122° 47' W., 296 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 3218, off Alaska, lat. 54° 15' 40" N."; long. 164° 21' W., 41 fathoms, black sand, bottom tem- perature 37.7°, 35 specimens; station 3219, off Alaska, lat. 54° 14' N.; long. 164° 35' W., 59 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38°, 8 specimens; station 3222, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 20' N.; long. 165° 30' W., 50 fathoms, black sand, pebbles, shells, bottom tem- perature 39.7°, 104 specimens; station 3223, Bering Sea, lat. 54° NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 39 26' 15" N.; long. 165° 32' W., 56 fathoms, black pebbles, bottom temperature 39°, 50 specimens; station 3224, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 42' 50" N.; long. 165° 37' W., 121 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 38.7°, 50 specimens; station 3252, Bering Sea, lat. 57°' 22' 20" N.; long. 164° 24' 40" W., 29£ fathoms, black mud, bottom temperature 44.8°, 165 specimens; station 3253, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5' 50" N.; long. 164° 27' 15" W., 36 fathoms, mud, sand, bottom temperature 35°, 122 specimens; station 3254, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 50' N.; long. 164° 27' 50" W., 46 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 36.2°, 445 specimens; station 3255, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 33' 30" N.; long. 164° 31' 40" W., 43 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37°, 5,743 specimens; station 3256, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 18' N.; long. 164° 34' 10" W., 49 fathoms, green mud, black specks, bottom temperature 35°, 253 specimens; station 3257, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49' N.; long. 165° 32' W., 81 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 39°, 79 specimens; station 3258, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 48' N.; long. 165° 13' 30" W., 70 fathoms, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 39°, 56 specimens; station 3260, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36' 15" N.; long. 164° 52' W., 13 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 42°, 8 specimens; station 3279, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 25' 40" N.; long. 162° 39' 15" W., 41 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 37°, 177 specimens; station 3280, Bering Sea? lat. 56° 27' N.; long. 162° 8' W., 36 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 96 specimens; station 3309, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 56' N. ; long. 172° 55' W., 71 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 37.9°, 750 specimens; station 3311, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 59' 36" N.; long. 166° 29' 43" W., 85 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 41°, 7 specimens; station 33 12, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 59' ll"N.;long. 166° 25' 9" W., 45 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 43°, 1 specimen; station 3313, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1' 51" N.; long. 166° 27' 38" W., 68 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 42.7°, 52 specimens; station 3314, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2' 24" N.; long. 166° 32' 47" W., 74 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.5°, 16 specimens; station 3315, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2' 40" N.; long. 166° 42' W., 277 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 1 specimen; station .3318, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 47' 40" N.; long .167° 14' W., 61 fathoms, black sand, gravel, shells, bottom temperature 42°, 21 specimens; station 3322, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 28' 45" N.; long. 167° 23' 50" W., 35 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 4 specimens; station 3339, off Alaska, lat. 54° 46' N.; long. 157° 43' 30" W., 138 fathoms, mud, gravel, bottom temperature 37.4°, 3 specimens; station 3340, off Alaska, lat. 55° 26' N. ; long. 155° 26' W., 695 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 3 specimens; station 3439, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 6' N. ; long. 170° 35' W., 41 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 44°, 418 specimens; station 40 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3440, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5' N.; long. 170° 41' W., 48 fathoms, black mud, shells, bottom temperature ?, 901 specimens; station 3441, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 4' 20" N.; long. 170° 52' 30" W., 51 fathoms, black mud, shells, bottom temperature 39°, 319 specimens; sta- tion 3442, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 10' N.; long. 170° 47' 15" W., 47 fathoms, blue mud, shells, bottom temperature 40°, 59 specimens; station 3443, off Washington, lat. 48° 13' 30" N.; long. 123° 11' 20" W., 97 fathoms, green mud, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 1 speci- men; station 3449, off Washington, lat. 48° 29' 40" K; long. 124° 40' 10" W., 135 fathoms, gray sand, gravel, 121 specimens; station 3450, off Washington, lat. 48° 26' 50" N.; long. 124° 39' 35" W., 151 fathoms, gravel, bottom temperature 44°, 21 specimens; station 3452, off Washington, lat. 48° 24' 40" N.; long. 124° 29' 10" W., 125 fathoms, rocky, black gravel, bottom temperature 44.5°, 7 specimens; station 3453, off Washington, lat. 48° 20' N.; long. 124° 13' 40" W., 120 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 44.4°, 102 specimens; station 3454, off Washington, lat. 48° 27' 50" N.; long. 124° 42' 40" W., 152 fathoms, gray sand, rocky, bottom temperature 44.2°, 3 specimens; station 3456, off Washington, lat. 48° 31' 15" N.; long. 124° 43' 15" W., 136 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 44.2°, 21 specimens; station 3457, off Washington, lat. 48° 28' 20" N.; long. 124° 52' 5" W., 142 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 44.2°, 90 specimens; station 3459, off Washington, lat. 48° 24' 20" N.; long. 124° 24' 40" W., 123 fathoms, gray sand, pebbles, bottom tempera- ture 44.5°, 21 specimens; station 3482, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18' N.; long. 170° 42' W., 42 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom tem- perature 38.9°, 491 specimens; station 3483, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18' N.; long. 171° 18' W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 5 specimens; station 3485, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 18' N.; long. 172° 34' W., 62 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.1°, 18 specimens; station 3486, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 19' N.; long. 173° 53' W., 150 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 6 specimens; station 3487, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 10' N.; long. 173° 45' W., 81 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.6°, 30 specimens; station 3490, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 47' N.; long. 173° 14' W., 78 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 8 specimens; station 3491, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32' N.; long. 172° 28' W., 103 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, bottom temperature?, 14 specimens; station 3492, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32' N.; long. 171° 50' W., 70 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 5 specimens; station 3495, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 37' N.; long. 170° 1' W.,-56 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38.5°, 5 specimens; station 3504, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57' N.; long. 169° 27' W., 34 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 37.8°, 95 specimens; station 3505, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 9' N.; long. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 41 168° 17' W., 44 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 38.1°, 234 specimens; station 3511, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 32' N.; long. 169° 38' W., 39 fathoms, fine sand, dark mud, bottom temperature 37.2°, 2 specimens; station 3513, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 27' N.; long. 169° 1' W.; 35 fathoms, fine sand, green mud, bottom temperature ?, 32 specimens; station 3520, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 28' N.; long. 170° 57' W., 38 fath- oms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 32.2°, 1 specimen; station 3521, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 9' N.; long. 170° 48' W., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 31.9°, 310 specimens; sta- tion 3522, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 58' N.; long. 170° 9' W., 41 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 35.7°, 21 specimens; station 3523, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 39' N.; long. 170° 2' W., 39 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 38°, 30 specimens; station 3527, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 48' N.; long. 171° 21' W., 52 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 18 specimens; station 3528, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 19' 30" N.; long. 172° 2' W., 55 fathoms, dark green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 90 specimens; station 3529, Bering Sea, lat. 58° 36' N.; long. 172° 24' W., 56 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.1°, 237 specimens; station 3530, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 39' N.; long. 173° 53' W., 59 fathoms, dark green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 34.9°, 127 specimens; station 3531, Bering Sea, lat. 59° 55' N.; long. 174° 17' W., 59 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 35.1°, 70 specimens; station 3535, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 2' N.; long. 170° 46' W., 52 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 39°, 6 specimens; station 3536, Bering Sea, lat. 57° 5' N. ; long. 170° 35' W., 40 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 42.4°, 110 specimens; station 3540, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 27' N. ; long. 166° 8' W., 51 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 36°, 46 specimens; station 3541, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 14' N.; long. 164° 8' W., 49 fathoms, black mud, fine sand, bottom tem- perature 36.1°, 55 specimens; station 3542, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 10' N.; long. 163° 26' W., 49 fathoms, dark mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 39.2°, 50 specimens; station 3543, Bering- Sea, lat. 54° 41' N.; long. 169° 39' W., 43 fathoms, black sand, shells, bottom tem- perature 42.7°, 3 specimens; station 3546, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12' N.; long. 165° 42' W., 36 fathoms, gravel, black sand, bottom tem- perature 45.6°, 78 specimens;' station 3547, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 16' N. ; long. 165° 45' Wv 51 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom tempera- ture 45°, 29 specimens; station 3553, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 28' N.; long. 169° 46' W., 51 fathoms, fine gray sand, mud, bottom temperature 39.5°, 25 specimens; station 3554, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 34' N.; long. 170° 19' W., 62 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.5°, 12 specimens; station 3556, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 57' 30" N.; long. 170° 33' W., 49 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, bottom temperature 41°, 5 specimens; station 3560, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 40' N.; long. 169° 20' 42 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. W., 43 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 36 specimens; station 3561, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 31' N.; long. 169° 17' W., 48 fathoms, gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature 40.7°, 28 specimens; station 3594, off Washington, lat. 48° 12' N.; long. 122° 50' W., 36 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 46°, 7 specimens; station 3602, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 32' N.; long. 172° 40' W., 81 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.1°, 50 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35' N.; long. 168° 20' W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 165 specimens; station 3610, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 58' N.; long. 167° 16' W., 75 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.8°, 381 speci- mens; station 3611, Bering Sea, lat. 56° 45' N.; long. 167° 25' W., 50 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 34.6°, 408 speci- mens; station 3658, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 22 fathoms, fine gray sand, 3 specimens; station 3659, Hakodate Bay, Japan, 15.5 fathoms, fine gray sand, 1 specimen; station 3673, off Washington, lat. 48° 21' 45" N.; long. 124° 50' 30" W., 77 fathoms, green mud, sand, 10 specimens; station 3675, locality unknown (the station is missing from the record), 10 specimens; station 3769, off Nagane Saki, Japan, 40-42 fathoms, green mud, sand, 12 specimens; station 3775, off Kinkwasan Light, Honshu Island, Japan, 57 fathoms, green mud, sand, 1 specimen; station 3789, off Washington, lat. 48° 21' 45" N.; long. 124° 52' 30" W., 115 fathoms, coarse gray sand, gravel, 123 specimens; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31' N.; long. 179° 15' E., 247 fathoms, 14 specimens; station 4784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55' 40" N.; long. 173° 26' E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4786, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 51' 30" N. ; long. 167° 14' E., 54 fathoms, green sand, 7 specimens; station 4788, near Copper Island, lat. 54° 50' 24" N.; long. 167° 13' E., 56-57 fathoms, green sand, 13 specimens; station 4789, near Copper Island, lat. 54° 49' 45" N.; long. 167° 12' 30" E., 56 fathoms, green sand, 44 specimens; station 4790, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 38' 45" N.; long. 167° 11' 45" E., 64 fathoms, pebbles, 4 specimens; station 4791, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36' 15" N.; long. 166° 58' 15" E., 72-76 fathoms, rocky, 30 specimens; station 4792, off Bering Island, lat. 54° 36' 15" N.; long. 166° 57' 15" E., 72 fathoms, pebbles, 147 specimens; station 4807, off Cape Tsiuka, Japan, lat. 41° 36' 12" N.; long. 140° 36' E., 44-47 fathoms, shells, coarse gravel, 5 speci- mens; station 4822, off No Saki. Japan, lat. 37° 8' 10" N.; long. 137° 8' E., 130 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 39.4°, 4 speci- mens; station 4826, off Sudzu, Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 37° 25' N.; long. 137° 32' E., 114 fathoms, fine gray sand, black specks, bottom temperature, 42.5°, 10 specimens; station 4828, off Hondo, Japan, lat. 37° 23' N.; long. 137° 36' E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 4832, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 43 36° 14' 30" N.; long. 135° 56' 30" E., 76-79 fathoms, dark gray sand, bottom temperature 53.2°, 5 specimens; station 4833, off Ando Zaki, Japan, lat.36° 13' 40" N.; long. 135° 56' 30" E.,79 fathoms, dark gray sand, rocks, 1 specimen; station 4835, off O Shima, Japan, lat. 36° 3' 30" N.; long. 135° 52' 30" E., 134 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 34.9°, 27 specimens; station 4840, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 2' N. ; long. 135° 30' E., 154 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 6 specimens; station 4842, off Dogo Island, lat. 36° 13' N.; long. 133° 27' E., 82 fathoms, fine gray sand, shells, bottom tem- perature 54.6°, 13 specimens; station 4854, off Korea, lat. 35° 54' N.; long. 129° 46' E., 335 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.4°, 22 specimens; station 4861, off Korea, lat. 36° 19' N.; long. 129° 47' E., 163 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33.4°, 15 speci- mens; station 4862, off Korea, lat. 36° 20' N.; long. 129° 50' E., 184 fathoms, green mud. bottom temperature 32.9°, 1 specimen; station 4891, Eastern Sea, lat. 32° 27' N.; long. 128° 34' E. 181 fathoms gray sand, broken shells, rocks, bottom temperature 50.2°, 5 speci- mens; station 4981, off Benkei Misaki Light, Japan, lat. 42° 58' 15" N.; long. 140° 9' 10" E., 390-406 fathoms; green mud, bottom tem- perature 32.7°, 11 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10' 30" E., 390-428 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 37.7°, 1 specimen; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1' 40" N.; long. 140° 22' 40" E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 4 specimens; station 4987, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 19' 20" N.; long. 140° 17' E., 59 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 44.8°, 2 specimens; station 4988, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23' 10" N.; long. 140° 21' 10" E., 68 fathoms, sand, bottom tempera- ture 45°, 17 specimens; station 4989, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23' 10" N.; long. 140° 37' E., 92 fathoms, sand, bottom temperature 39.7°, 14 specimens; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23' 20" N.; long. 140° 48' E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 1 speci- men; station 4994, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 27' 50" N.; long. 140° 54' E., 190 fathoms, brown mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 34°, 9 specimens; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38' 40" N.; long. 141° 24' 30" E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 15 specimens; station 5022, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 35' 30" N.; long. 145° 20' E., 109 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom tem- perature 30.1°, 1 specimen; station 5023, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 43' 30" N.; long. 145° 3' E., 75 fathoms, sand, pebbles, bottom tempera- ture 30.9°, 2 specimens; station 5037, off Urakawa Light, Japan, lat. 42° 2' 40" N.; long. 142° 33' 20" E., 175-349 fathoms, bottom tem- perature 37.9°, 1 specimen; station 5038, off Urakawa Light, Japan, lat. 42° 2' 40" N. ; long. 142° 36' E., 175 fathoms, bottom tempera- ture 37.1°, 3 specimens; station 5092, in Uraga Strait, Jat. 35° 4' 20" N.; long. 139° 38' 18" E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom tern- 44 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. perature 56.3°, 3 specimens; Coal Station, Unga, 1 specimen: Arctic Cruise of the Corwin, 183 specimens; Arctic Ocean, 1,139 specimens; St. Pauls Island, 1 specimen; Bering Straits, 12 fathoms, gravel, 34 specimens; Bering Straits, 1 specimen; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13i fathoms, sand, 41 specimens; Popoft' Strait, 6 fathoms, 6 specimens; Alaska, 143 specimens; Cape Sa- bine, Alaska, 13 fathoms, 4 specimens; 15 miles west of Cape Krusen- stern, 5 fathoms, mud, 5 specimens; 66° 45' N. by 166° 35' W., 13 specimens; Iliuliuk, 78 specimens; Nazan Bay, Atka, 21 speci- mens; Captains Harbor, Unalaska, 21 specimens; Port Levasheff, Unalaska, 3 specimens; Kadiak, 23 specimens; Sitka, Alaska, 15 fathoms, 9 specimens; Monterey, California, 1 specimen; unknown stations, 1,812 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 5 to 695 fathoms. Temperature range, 56.3° to 30.1°. Twenty thousand nine hundred and thirty-two specimens. This extraordinary array of specimens exhibits considerable diver- sity in several details. The smallest specimens have the disk about 3 mm. in diameter, while in the largest specimens it exceeds 32. Most of the specimens are uniformly gray in color, but there is great variety of shade, some being very dark, others .very light, others decidedly yellowish, and others more or less brown. Some specimens, generally young ones, have the arms banded with yellowish or whitish, and in a few cases there are whitish spots or markings on the disk. Several specimens are distinctly spotted with black. There is equal diversity in the length of the arm spines ; in some specimens even the uppermost spine is scarcely as long as a joint, while at the other extreme we find specimens in which it equals two joints. The scales of the disk exhibit more or less diversity, for they are commonly per- fectly flat, but they may be more or less swollen, so that the disk is sometimes very rough. The arm comb, too, displays considerable variety, for while the papillae are never as broad, truncate, and crowded as in luikeni nor as slender and delicate as in kinbergi, yet they range from those which are wider than long and bluntly rounded to those which are several times as long as they are thick and are nearly cylindrical in form. In any case they are almost always well spaced. In large specimens they are sometimes greatly reduced. The chief interest in this huge collection of sarsii is the light which it throws on the distribution of the species in the North Pacific Ocean. Previously known from the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans and from Bering Sea down to depths of about 1,700 fathoms, this col- lection shows it to be by far the most abundant ophiuran in the North Pacific, occurring at least as far south on both coasts as lat. 38° N., and down to depths of about 700 fathoms. It is interesting to note that some of the diversities of form and color referred to above are associated with certain geographical areas. Thus the black-spotted NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 45 specimens are all from the coasts of Japan, and the same is true of the specimens which have long comb papillae. Moreover, many of the Japanese specimens are brown rather than gray. It is remark- able that in these particulars these Japanese specimens of sarsii are almost exactly like many specimens from off the New England coast. The large series of specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology collection from Europe, Greenland, and the eastern coast of North America, when compared with this huge series from the North Pacific, seems to indicate that the northern specimens are as a rule larger, duller, and with shorter comb papillae than those from near the southern limit of distribution. The latter tend to have elongated slender comb papillae and a brown or variegated coloration. There is no hard and fast rule, however, for typical sarsii are often taken at the extreme southern part of the range and occasionally at the same station with the more divergent form. The specimens from stations 3658, 3659, 3775, 4807 4833, 4987, and 4988, and one specimen from 4826 and one from 4989, have elongated comb papillae. In this respect they approach Jcinbergi, but the papillae are not as slender as in that species, and in several other characters the specimens are different. OPHIURA LUTKENI. Ophioglypha liitkeni LYMAN, Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1860, p. 197. Ophiura luikeni MEISSNER, Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities. — Albatross station 2858, off Alaska, lat. 58° 17' N.; long. 148° 36' W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 2862, off British Columbia, lat. 50° 49' N.; long. 127° 36' 30" W., 238 fathoms, gray sand and pebbles, bottom temperature 44.7°, 112 specimens; station 2868, off Washington, lat. 47° 52' N.; long. 124° 44' W., 31 fathoms, gray sand, bottom tem- perature 46.9°, 7 specimens; station 2869, off Washington, lat. 47° 38' N.; long. 124° 39' W., 32 fathoms, black sand, bottom tempera- ture, 48.4°, 8 specimens; station 2870, off Washington, lat. 46° 44' N.; long. 124° 32' W., 58 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 46.5°, 11 specimens; station 2872, off Washington, lat. 48° 17' N.; long. 124° 52' W., 38 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45.5°, 3 specimens; station 2882, off Oregon, lat. 46° 9' N.; long. 124° 22' 30" W., 68 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45.8°, 15 specimens; station 2884, off Oregon, lat. 45° 55' N. ; long. 124° 2' W., 29 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 50.2°, 2 specimens; station 3046, off Washington, lat. 46° 48' 30" N.; long. 124° 28' W., 48 fathoms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 46.1°, 18 specimens; station 3047, off Washington, lat. 46° 47' N.; long. 124° 30' 15" W., 50 fath- oms, fine gray sand, bottom temperature 45.9°, 9 specimens; station 3049, off Washington, lat. 46° 31' N.; long. 124° 22' W., 43 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 46.7°, 12 specimens; station 46 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3053, off Oregon, lat. 44° 4' 30" N.; long. 124° 50' W, 64 fathoms, coral, broken shells, rocky, bottom temperature 47.3°, 3 specimens; station 3059, off Oregon, lat. 44° 56' N.; long. 124° 12' 30" W., 77 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 45.1°, 9 specimens; station 3064, off Oregon, lat. 46° 3' 15" N.; long. 124° 9' W., 46 fathoms, fine gray sand, gravel, bottom temperature 45.6°, 9 specimens; station 3078, off Oregon, lat. 43° 59' 15" N.; long. 124° 46' W., 68 fathoms, gray mud, bottom temperature 45.7°, 1 specimen; station 3114, off Cali- fornia, lat. 37° 6' N.; long. 122° 32' W., 62 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature ?, 185 specimens; station 3147, off California, lat. 37° N.; long. 122° 20' W., 56 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 49.2°, 45 specimens; station 3148, off California, lat. 37° 8' N.; long. 122° 28' 10" W., 47 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 51.3°, 56 specimens; station 3173, off California, lat. 38° 19' 25" N.; long. 123° 14' 30" W., 62 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature 48.2°, 12 speci- mens; station 3350, off California, lat. 38° 58' 10" N.; long. 123° 57' 5" W., 75 fathoms, fine sand, mud, bottom temperature 48.4°, 34 specimens; station 3671, off California, lat. 37° N.; long. 122° 20' W., 56 fathoms, green mud, sand, 20 specimens; Sitka, 15 fathoms, 10 speci- mens; Bellkoffsky Bay, 15 to 25 fathoms, shells, 4 specimens; un- known stations, 72 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 15 to 238 fath*- cms. Temperature range, 51.3° to 39.8°. Six hundred and fifty- eight specimens. Among these 658 specimens, the diameter of the disk ranges from 7 to 27 mm., and there is some diversity of color, but the appearance of the arm comb and the length of the arm spines show surprisingly little variety. One of the specimens from station 2858 is perfectly tetramerous. The characteristic color of this species is bright gray, with whitish and blackish markings on the disk and particularly on the distal half of the oral interbrachial spaces. These light and dark spots are occasionally present also on the arms. The lower surface of the entire animal is nearly white. In many specimens the light spots of the disk are very conspicuous, but it is quite as common to find specimens on which there are no markings of any kind. The general structure of lutlceni, is, as a rule, lighter and handsomer than that of sarsii, and the disk is commonly distinctly pentangular rather than circular. Some specimens, however, at first sight, are hard to distinguish from sarsii, but in every such case the arm comb offers an unmistakable character, the wide, truncate, closely-crowded papil- lae of lutlceni being entirely unlike those of any specimen of sarsii which I have ever seen. There can be no doubt that luikeni on the western American coast and Jcinbergi on the eastern Asiatic coast are southern forms of sarsii, for which species the center of abundance in the eastern hemisphere is undoubtedly in the vicinity of the Aleu- tian Islands and in Bering Sea. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 47 v The range of kinbergi extends from the Gulf of Tokyo to the Red Sea and New South Wales, while liiikeni ranges from Alaska to San Diego, California. The two are thus very evidently warm-water species, found only in comparatively shallow water. They are there- fore widely separated from each other, but the range of sarsii broadly overlaps that of each of them, so that sarsii and Jcinbergi may both be found on the coast of Honshu Island, Japan, while sarsii and lut- Iceni are both common off the coast of Oregon and Washington. The three species are easily distinguished as follows: KEY TO SPECIES. Arm comb made up of short, broad, truncate papillae, which are closely crowded side by side, so that there is no resemblance to a comb lutkeni. Arm comb made up of well-spaced, blunt or pointed papillae, so that there is more or less resemblance to a comb. Disk scales variable; more or less irregular, and angular, often somewhat swollen; primary plates rarely noticeable; comb-papillae short and bead-like or more or less elongated, the length not often exceeding three times the greatest thick- ness; middle arm spine becoming the longest at tip of arm sarsii. Disk scales flat, the primary plates conspicuous and usually surrounded by belts of smaller ones much as in Ophiolepis; comb-papillae very slender, their length at least five times their thickness; middle arm spine becoming the shortest at tip of arm Iciribergi. OPHIURA MICRACANTHA, new species.o Disk 12 mm. in diameter; arms about 50 mm. long. Disk covered by several hundred overlapping scales, of varying size, among which the centro-dorsal and several radial and interradial plates can be dis- tinguished by their larger size. Radial shields about as wide as long, separated, or barely in contact at middle, outer ends rounded, inner somewhat pointed. Basal upper arm plates much wider than long, tetragonal, distal side longest and distinctly convex; gradually the plates become longer and narrower, until at middle of arm they are longer than wide and are very narrow proximally; they remain in contact nearly to tip of arm ; in small specimens (disk diameter about 8 mm.) only first two or three plates are wider than long. Inter- brachial spaces below covered by numerous scales, of which those nearest margin are largest. Oral shields pentagonal, wider than long, with a slight notch in lateral margins at end of genital slits. Adoral plates long and slender, three or four times as long as wide ; oral plates shorter and stouter. Oral papillae three on each side, wide, two outer ones with a thin sharp edge which is often distinctly notched. Teeth about four, lowermost smallest. Genital slits long but not conspicu- ous. Genital scales hidden by scaling of interbrachial spaces, but « McKpbe, signifying small, and aKavOa, signifying spine, in reference to the very small, middle arm spine. 48 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. wide and conspicuous at their upper, outer ends; marginal row of papillae well developed; seen from above, arm comb consists of six to eight slender well-spaced papillae, succeeded by much broader ones in contact with each other. First under arm plate wider than long, somewhat pointed distally; second plate much larger, nearly as long as wide, somewhat hexagonal; succeeding plates much wider than long, somewhat triangular, rapidly becoming very small; only first two or three in contact. Side arm plates large, meeting below but not above; each plate carries three arm spines, of which lowest is longest and stoutest and exceeds one-half joint; middle arm spine very short and peg-like, not half as long as lowest. Oral tentacle pores not opening clearly into mouth slit, with about four scales on each side. First two or three pairs of pores of arm rather large, with two to five (usually three or four) scales on each side ; succeeding pores small or wanting, with only a single ten- tacle scale, but that seems to persist to end of arm. Color (dried from alcohol), dull pur- plish - gray above, creamy- whitish below; in some speci- mens the arms show indications of being banded with darker. Localities., — Albatross station 4900, off Goto Islands, Japan, lat. 32° 28' 50" N.; long. 128° 34' 40" E., 139 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, bottom FIG.IO.-OPHIURAMICKACANTHA. X4. a, FROM ABOVE; temperature 52. 9°, 2 specimens; b, FROM BELOW; c, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS station 4933, off NEAR DISK. /-^..If T 1 _ J. orvO Kagoshima Gulf, Japan, lat. 30° 59' N.; long. 130° 29' 50" E., 152 fathoms, rocky, bottom temperature 56°, 1 specimen; station 5091, in Uraga Gulf, Japan, lat. 35° 4' 10" N.; long. 139° 38' 12" E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 139 to 197 fathoms. Temperature range, 56°-47.6°. Five specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25535, U.S.N.M., from station 5091. Although this species is nearly related to sarsii and kinbergi, it is easily distinguished from either by the very peculiar, short, peg-like middle arm spine. The size and proportions of the arm spines show some diversity in the different specimens, but in every case the middle NOBTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 49 spine is disproportionately small. In one specimen the lowest spine is as long as the joint, at the base of the arm, and is conspicuously bigger than the uppermost. There are neither pits nor depressions between the basal under arm plates, but the surface of those plates is usually rough, as though wrinkled. OPHIURA MACULATA. Ophioglypha maculata LUDWIG, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., vol. 1, 1886, p. 283. Localities. — Albatross station 2842, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 15' N.; long. 166° 3' W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 9 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30' 40" N.; long. 179° 14' E., 237 to 244 fathoms, gray sand, green mud, bottom temperature 38.5°, 1 specimen; station 4778, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 12' N. ; long. 179° 52' E., 33 to 43 fathoms, fine black gravel, 2 speci- mens; station 4779, on Petrel Bank, lat. 52° 11" N.; long. 179° 57' W., 54 to 56 fathoms, broken shells, pebbles, sand, 1 specimen; sta- tion 4782, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55' N.; long. 173° 27' E., 57 to 59 fathoms, rocks and gravel, 2 specimens; station 4784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 52° 55' 40" N.; long. 173° 26' E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 9 specimens. Plover Bay, Siberia, 10 to 25 fath- oms, hard, 2 specimens; 10 miles west of Point Franklin, Alaska, 13 J fathoms, sand, 154 specimens; Awatska Bay (Kamtchatka) , 1 specimen; Constantine Harbor, 6 to 10 fathoms, 8 specimens; Bering Straits, 1 specimen; Indian Point, Bering Straits, 17 fathoms, 15 specimens; Kyska Harbor, Aleutian Islands, 16 specimens; Bay of Islands, Aleutian Islands, 10 specimens; Nazan Bay, Atka, Aleutian Islands, 1 specimen; Port Levasheff, Unalaska, Aleutian Islands, 1 specimen; Alaska, 8 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 6 to 244 fathoms. Two hundred and forty specimens. The specimens from Plover Bay answer so well to Ludwig's de- scription of his specimens from the same place that there can be no question as to their identity, but the other specimens show such a wide range of diversity that there are several which, taken by them- selves, would never be regarded as maculata. What Ludwig con- sidered a distinguishing character of the species, the absence of an arm comb, proves to be a very inconstant feature, for while some specimens appear to have none, it is usually more or less evident and is often well developed. The color of those specimens which are not bleached by alcohol is rather variable, the shade of olive-green showing great diversity, as does the amount of cream color, with which the disk and arms are marked. Some specimens have a large blotch of cream color at the center of the disk, but usually there is only a small spot and often there are no markings at all. One feature of the coloration is quite constant, and that is the 34916°— Bull. 75—11 4 50 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. division of each radial shield into a light outer and a dark inner half. This seems to be a helpful diagnostic mark for the species. One of the most constant specific characters is the number (four) and rela- tive size of the arm spines, and the absence of tentacle pores and FIG. 11.— OPHIURA MACULATA; ADULT, a-c, X5; YOUNG, d-f, X7. a AND d, FROM ABOVE; 6 AND e, FROM BELOW; c AND /, SIDE VIEWS OF ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. tentacle scales on the arms. The number of disk scales and the form of the oral shields are unusually variable, while the radial shields which are in contact in young specimens and in some adults are often very widely separated from each other. The figures given NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLAEK. 51 herewith reveal some of these notable variations; figs, lld-f are from a specimen having the disk 7 mm. in diameter, while figs. lla-c are from a much larger specimen, with a disk 11 mm. across. A number of the specimens are labeled " OphioglypJia robusta (Ayres)," but this is clearly an error. I have not yet seen a specimen of robusta from Bering Sea or the North Pacific. It is rather remark- able that neither Grieg a nor Meissner 6 mention this species, although both writers in their bibliographies refer to Lud wig's paper. OPHIURA LEPTOCTENIA, new species.c Disk 11 mm. in diameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk flat and more or less circular, covered by a close coat of two or three hun- dred scales, among which the centrfldorsal is easily distinguishable, though it is seldom so large as in fig. 12a; one radial plate just proximal to or between radial shields is commonly larger than the other disk scales. Radial shields large, longer than wide, some- times wholly separated, but usually in contact distally, inner sides nearly or quite straight, but more or less strongly diverging. Basal upper arm plates tetrago- nal, with edges more or less curved, much wider than long; near middle of arm they are about as long as FiG.12.— OPHIURA LEPTOCTENIA. X5. O,FKOM ABOVE; 6, FROM wide, and at tip they are BELOW; c> SIDE VIEW OF THKEE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK' very much longer than wide and are nearly triangular; in contact with each other whole length of arm. Interbrachial spaces below closely covered with numerous small scales. Oral shields much longer than wide, with a broad proximal angle and a curved distal margin. Adoral plates and oral plates well marked and about of a size. Oral papillae numerous, six or more on a side, narrow and sharp. Teeth narrow and pointed. Genital slits conspicuous, reaching from oral shield to margin of disk. Genital scales large, « Fauna Arctica, vol. 1, pt. 2, 1900, pp. 259-286. & Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. c Aemfa, signify ing fine, slender, and Krevlov, signifying a small comb, in reference to the slender comb papillae . b 52 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. with broad upper ends; each scale carries, orally, a crowded series of minute papillae, which elongate as we pass upward and form a conspicuous arm comb; as seen from above this comb consists of ten or a dozen long, very slender spinelets, middle ones longest. More or less of a secondary comb is often developed on arm plates beneath true comb. First under arm plate about three times as wide as long; succeeding plates wider than long, more or less triangular, diamond shaped or elliptical; all widely separated from each other. Side arm plates large but low, meeting broadly on under side of arm, but widely separated above except at tip of arm, where they nearly meet; each plate carries three slender, sharp arm spines, uppermost distinctly longest and equaling or exceeding joint. Tentacle pores large, oral one opening into mouth angle and protected by five or six scales on each side, those of inner side somewhat larger; at first arm pore three or four slender, spine-like scales stand on side arm plate and two or three on under arm plate; on succeeding pores, scales of side arm plate soon become reduced to two and at middle of arm to one; those of under arm plate disappear altogether after the first three or four pores. Color (dried from alcohol), white, yellowish, or very pale gray. Localities. — Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20' N. ; long. 136° 20' W.j 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 3 specimens; station 2860, off British Columbia, lat. 51° 23 ' N. ; long. 130° 34' W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.5°, 57 specimens; station 2863, off Washington, lat. 48° 58' N.; long. 123° 10' W., 67 fathoms, fine sand, black specks, bottom temperature 48.5°, 123 specimens; station 2871, off Washington, lat. 46° 55' N.; long. 125° 11' W., 559 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 38.4°, 9 specimens; station 3069, off Washington, lat. 47° 25' 30" N.; long. 125° 42' W., 760 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 74 specimens; station 3070, off Washington, lat. 47° 29' 30" N.; long. 125° 43' W., 636 fathoms/green mud, bottom temperature 37.6°, 14 specimens; station 3071, off Washington, lat. 47° 29' N.; long. 125° 33' 30" W., 685 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38°, 11 specimens; station 3075, off Washington, lat. 47° 22' N. ; long. 125° 41' W., 859 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 36.6°, 19 specimens; station 3227, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36' 30" N.; long. 166° 54' W., 225 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 38.6°, 155 specimens, station 3324, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 33' 50" N.; long. 167° 46' 50" W., 109 fathoms, coarse black sand, gravel, rocks, 1 specimen; station 3329, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 56' 50" N.; long. 167° 8' 15" W., 399 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37.7°, 35 speci- mens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1' 40" N.; long. 166° 48' 50" W., 350 fathoms, mud, bottom temperature, 22 specimens; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2' 50" N.; long. 166° 45' W., 406 fathoms, NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 53 rocky, sand, 1 specimen; station 3337, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 53° 55' 30" N.; long. 163° 26' W., 280 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 39.3°, 2 specimens; station 3340, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 55° 26' N.; long. 155° 26' W., 695 fathoms, mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.8°, 14 specimens; station 3343, off Washington, lat. 47° 40' 40" N.; long. 125° 20' W., 516 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 38.2°, 6 specimens; station 3344, off Washington, lat. 47° 20' N.; long. 125° 7' 30" W., 831 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.8°, 39 specimens; station 3346, off Oregon, lat. 45° 30' N.; long. 124° 52' W., 786 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.3°, 21 specimens; station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23' N.; long. 170° 31' W., 1,771 fathoms, blue ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 1 specimen; station 3607, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 11' 30" N.; long. 167° 25' W., 987 fathoms, green mud, black lava sand, bottom tempera- ture 35.9°, 4 specimens; station 3608, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 19' N.; long. 168° 11' W., 276 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 37.8°, 209 specimens; station 3609, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 35' N. ; long. 168° 20' W., 74 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.9°, 423 specimens; station 4765, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 53° 12' N.; long. 171° 37' W., 1,217 fathoms, fine black sand, bottom temperature 35.2°, 6 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 38' N.; long. 174° 49' W., 1,766 fathoms, 14 specimens; station 4769, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 30' 40" N.; long. 179° 14' E., 237-244 fathoms, green mud, gray sand, bottom temperature 38.9°, 2 specimens; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31' N.; long. 179° 15' E., 247 fathoms, 1 speci- men; station 4774, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33' N.; long. 178° 45' E., 557-584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 311 specimens; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33' 30" N.; long. 178° 44' E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, 94 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14' 30" N.; long. 174° 13' E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 1 specimen; station 4814, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 32' N. ; long. 138° 43' E., 429 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature 32.9°, 2 specimens; station 4818, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 8' 55" N.; long. 138° 31' 30" E., 225-245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.7°, 2 specimens; station 4819, Sea of Japan, lat. 38° 9' N. ; long. 138° 32' 12" E., 245 fathoms, fine brown mud, bottom temperature 33.1°, 5 specimens; station 4854, off coast of Korea, lat. 35° 54' N.; long. 129° 46' E., 335 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.4°, 121 specimens; station 4863, Sea of Japan, lat. 36° 21' N. ; long. 129° 53' E., 250 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.7°, 1 specimen; station 4965, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 35' 20" N. ; long. 135° 10' 50" E., 191 fathoms, green-gray sand, shells, bottom temperature 49.4°, 3 specimens; station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9' N.; long. 137° 55' E., 54 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom tempera- ture 39°, 4 specimens; station 4981, Sea of Japan, lat. 42° 58' 15" N.; long. 140° 9' 10" E., 390-406 fathoms, green mud, bottom tem- perature 32.7°, 49 specimens; station 4986, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 1' 40" N.; long. 140° 22' 40" E., 172 fathoms, fine black sand, black mud, bottom temperature 33.9°, 1 specimen; station 4989, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° 23' 10" N.; long. 140° 37' E., 92 fathoms, sand, bottom temperature 39. 7°, 1 specimen; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23' 20" N.; long. 140° 48' E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 1 specimen; station 4997, Gulf of Tartary, lat. 47° 38'40"N.; long. 141° 24' 30" E., 318 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 32.8°, 4 specimens; station 5020, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32' 45" N.; long. 145° 7' 30" E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 4 specimens; station 5021, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 32' 30" N.; long. 145° 8' 45" E., 73 fathoms, green mud, sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 30.9°, 3 specimens; station 5026, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 36' 10" N.; long. 145° 17' 30" E., 119 fathoms, green mud, black sand, gravel, bottom temperature 30.4°, 1 specimen; station 5037, off the Hokkaido, Japan, lat. 42° 2' 40" N.; long. 142° 33' 20" E., 175-349 fathoms, bottom tempera- ture, 37.9°, 2 specimens; station 5082, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 5' N.; long. 137° 59" E., 662 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 37.7°, 18 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 4' 20" N. ; long. 137° 57' 30" E., 624 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 85 specimens; Bering Sea, 60 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 67- 1,771 fathoms. Temperature range, 49.4° to 30.9°. Two thousand and thirty-seven specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25732, U.S.N.M., from station 3069. Although these two thousand specimens come from such widely separated localities and such greatly different depths, they exhibit surprisingly little diversity. There are slight differences in the num- ber of disk scales and particularly in the conspicuousness of the centro- dorsal and other primary plates, in the form of the oral shields, and in the length and thickness of the arm spines ; but these peculiarities are very insignificant and do not seem to be associated at all with either locality or depth. In a few individuals from considerable depths there are widely scattered, minute spines on the disk scales, but other individuals from the same stations have none and the peculiarity appears to be of no systematic importance. The geo- graphical range of this species is extended but peculiar; on the American coast it ranges from northern Oregon (lat. 45° 30' N. ; long. 124° 52' W.) to the western end of the Aleutian Islands (long. 174° 13' E.) and northward into Bering Sea (lat. 55° 35' N.); on the Asiatic coast it was taken off eastern Japan, as far south as 33° 35' 20", NOKTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM — CLARK. 55 and at various stations in the Sea of Japan, from lat. 35° 54' N. ; and long. 129° 46' E., northward to Saghalin Island (lat. 48° 32' 45" N.; long. 145° 7' 30" E.). Between Saghalin and the western end of the Aleutians no specimens of this ophiuran were taken, though it is hard to explain their absence in that region; perhaps we may assume that depth, temperature, and bottom were not suitably combined at any of the thirty-two stations of the Albatross. Off the American coast the bathymetrical range of this species is extraordi- nary, extending, as stated above, from 67 fathoms to 1,771, while the bottom temperature varied from 48.5° down to 34.9°. In the Sea of Japan, however, the bathymetrical range is only from 172 to 429 fathoms, with a very low bottom temperature, 33.9°-32.4°; off the east coast of Saghalin specimens were taken in only 73 fathoms, but the bottom temperature was extraordinarily low, 30.9°, while off eastern Japan they were taken in water as warm as 49.4° and again in water as deep as 507 fathoms. It is remarkable that, among previously known species, one of the nearest allies of leptoctenia appears to be a species taken by the Challenger off the coast of Brazil and called by Lyman Ophioglypha ljungmani. Judging only by the figures of the upper side, it is almost impossible to distinguish the two species; orally, however, there are some obvious and important differences in the shape of the oral shields and the first under arm plate, as well as in the oral papillae and tentacle scales. When the specimens themselves are compared, the much longer arms and thicker disk of ljungmani distinguish the two species at a glance. It is interesting to note (what Lyman does not mention) that in some specimens of ljungmani the disk scales carry scattered minute spinelets exactly like those which occur in leptoctenia. From Jcinbergi, which it resembles somewhat in its slender comb papillae, leptoctenia is distinguished by the difference in the disk scaling, the absence of pits between the basal under arm plates, and the absence of a rounded tentacle scale on the arm pores. From young individuals of sarsii or luikeni, with which it is most likely to be confused, the sharp, slender comb papillae will invariably distinguish it. OPHIURA QUADRISPINA, new species." Disk 9 mm. in diameter; arms about 30 mm. long. Disk rather flat, nearly circular, covered by two or three hundred scales, among which the six primary plates are more or less distinguishable though they, are very rarely conspicuous. Kadial shields of moderate size, rather longer than broad, separated or touching distally. Upper arm plates more or less tetragonal, at first wider than long and aQuattuor (quadri-), signify ing four, smdspinus, signifying spine, in reference to the four arm spines. 56 BULLETIN 15, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. broadly in contact, but soon becoming longer than wide; outer margin decidedly convex; at tip of arm the plates are triangular and separated from each other. Interbrachial space below closely scaled. Oral shield somewhat pentagonal, with a wide proximal angle, much longer than wide. Adoral and oral plates moderate and subequal. Oral papillae five or six on a side subequal. Teeth long, narrow, and pointed. Genital slits conspicuous, but genital scales very narrow and almost completely hidden. Each scale carries a marginal series of minute, sharp papillae, which become larger as they approach the upper side of the arm, to form the arm comb; as seen from above this comb is continuous across the base of the arm, and some of the papillae may be borne by either the radial shields or the marginal disk scale be- tween them; the pa- pillae are always short, but may be either sharp or blunt. A slight sec- ondary comb may be developed on the basal upper arm plates but it is almost wholly hid- den by the true comb. First under arm plate wider than long, nearly quadrangular : succeed- ing plates small, wider than long, at first pen- tagonal, but soon be- coming triangular and then half-moon shaped, FIG. 13.— OPHIURA QUADRISPINA. X5.5. a, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM with the proximal side BELOW; c. SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. • i . -i , , T j. i straight and the distal strongly convex; all the plates are widely separated from each other, except second and third, which are sometimes in contact. Side arm plates rather large and low, meeting beneath even within disk but not above until near tip of arm; each one carries four long, slender, acute spines, of which uppermost is decidedly longest, equal- ing one-and-a-half to two joints. Tentacle pores large; oral pair opening into mouth slit and guarded by four to six long, flat, con- spicuous scales on each side; these scales are noticeable for their length, which is much greater than that of the oral papillae. Basal arm pores guarded by several long, sharp scales, of which there are three or four on each side; farther out there are three, two, and finally only one, borne on proximal side; they are all slender and NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM — CLARK. 57 acute. Color (dried from alcohol), very light gray, yellowish, or white. Localities. — Albatross station 2842, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 54° 15' N. ; long. 166° 3' W., 72 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 41°, 1 specimen; station 2853, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 56° N.; long. 15.4° 20' W., 159 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 41°, 44 specimens; station 2854, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 56° 55' N. ; long. 153° 4' W., 60 fathoms, black sand, bottom temperature 42.8°, 4 specimens; station 2858, off Alaskan peninsula, lat. 58° 17' N.; long. 148° 36' W., 230 fathoms, blue mud, gravel, bottom temperature 39.8°, 6 specimens; station 3331, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 1' 40" N.; long. 168° 48' 50" W., 350 fathoms, mud, 6 specimens; station 3332, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 2' 50" N.; long. 166° 45' W., 406 fathoms, rocky sand, 1 specimen; station 3337, Bering Sea, lat. 53° 55' 30" N. ; long. 163° 26' W., 280 fathoms, green mud, rocks, bottom temperature 39.3°, 2 specimens; station 3338, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 19' N.; long. 159° 40' W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom temperature 37.3°, 1 specimen; station 3785, 150 miles north of Aleutian Islands, 270 fathoms, gray sand, broken shells, 1 specimen; station 4770, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 31' N.; long. 179° 15' W., 247 fathoms, 2 specimens; station 4781, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 14' 30" N.; long. 174° 13' E., 482 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 38.6°, 17 specimens; station 4784, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 55' 40" N. ; long. 173° 26' E., 135 fathoms, coarse pebbles, 1 speci- men; station 4788, near Copper Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 50' 24" N., long. 167° 13' E., 56 to 57 fathoms, green sand, 1 specimen; station 4789, near Copper Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 49' 45" N.; long. 167° 12' 30" E., 56 fathoms, green sand, 4 specimens; station 4790, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 48' 35" N.; long. 167° 11' 45" E., 64 fathoms, pebbles, 1 specimen; station 4791, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36' 15" N.; long. 166° 58' 15" E., 72 to 76 fathoms, rocky, 1 specimen; station 4792, near Bering Island, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 36' 15" N.; long. 166° 57' 15" E., 72 fathoms, pebbles, 3 specimens; station 4982, Sea of Japan, lat. 43° N.; long. 140° 10' 30" E., 390 to 428 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 37.7°, 1 specimen; station 4991, Sea of Japan, lat. 45° 23' 20" N.; long. 140° 48' E., 325 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 33°, 2 specimens; station 5022, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 35' 30" N.; long. 145° 20' E., 109 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 30.1°, 5 specimens; station 5026, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 36' 10" N.; long. 145° 17' 30" E., 119 fathoms, green mud, black sand, gravel, bottom tem- perature 30.4°, 1 specimen; station 5027, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 48° 27' 30" N. ; long. 145° 23' 30" E., 188 fathoms, fine gray sand, pebbles ( ?), bottom temperature 32°, 1 specimen; station 5033, Yezo Strait, lat. 44° 4' 20" N.; long. 145° 28' E., 533 fathoms, green mud, fine black 58 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. sand, bottom temperature 35.9°, 1 specimen. Bathymetrical range, 56 to 625 fathoms. Temperature range, 42.8° to 30.1°. One hun- dred and seven specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25629, U.S.N.M., from station 3331. Although this species is superficially so near leptoctenia that it might easily be mistaken for that species, the four arm spines and the peculiar arm comb easily distinguish quadrispina from that, and from every other near ally. The 107 specimens show very little diversity of structure, though a few have minute disk spines as in leptoctenia. It is a more northern form than that species, as it has not been collected south of 53° 55' 30" N. on the American coast nor south of 43° on the Asiatic. Its bathymetrical range is also less, 56 to 625 fathoms. OPHIURA BATHYBIA, new species.a Disk 15 mm. in diameter; arms about 65 mm. long. Disk covered with a close coat of numerous small, overlapping scales, many of FIG. 14. —OPHIURA BATHYBIA. X3.3. a, FROM ABOVE; 6, FROM BELOW; c, SIDE VIEW OF THREE ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. which carry very slender spinelets nearly 'a millimeter long; these spinelets are easily rubbed off, but the places of attachment remain more or less clearly indicated as minute pits. Radial shields some- what crescentic, about three times as long as wide, widest at outer end, where they are most nearly in contact, though even there dis- tinctly separate. Upper arm plates tetragonal, at first wider than long, but soon becoming longer than wide, with distal margin more or less convex; in contact the whole length of arm. Interbrachial spaces below closely covered with scales, upon which minute spines are a BaObc, signifying deep, an at which it lives. , signifying life, in reference to the unusual depth NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 59 even more numerous than on disk. Oral shield large, about as wide as long, somewhat pentagonal, with a broad, proximal angle and a straight distal margin. Adoral plates variable, sometimes appar- ently confined to inner end of oral shield, but usually reaching the first side arm plates; oral plates large, usually much larger than adoral. Oral papillae five on each side, well spaced, outermost wid- est and truncate, inner ones narrow and sharp; an infradental papilla is often present. Teeth about six, moderately wide, pointed. Gen- ital slits long, proximal end nearer center of mouth than is distal end of a mouth slit. Genital scales large, upper, outer end very broad; each scale has a marginal fringe of very minute papillae which become rapidly elongated distally into very slender spines, forming a well-marked arm comb, when viewed from above. Beneath this comb on the basal arm plates is a smaller secondary comb, which extends inward between ends of radial shields and is often very conspicuous. Under arm plates much wider than long; first two decidedly largest and more or less clearly in contact; succeeding plates widely sepa- rated, becoming rapidly smaller, oblong-hexagonal, pentagonal, or tetragonal. Side arm plates rather large, but low and meeting only on lower side of arm; each plate carries three arm spines, of which uppermost is longest, but does not equal joint; other two much smaller, close together near lower edge of plate. Tentacle pores at base of arm large but quickly becoming much smaller; oral and basal arm pores guarded by about three scales on each side; further out on arm there are three and then two scales on proximal side of pore, and finally only a single scale is present. , On oral pores, ten- tacle scales long and flat, but on basal arm pores they are spine-like and out on arm they are very slender spinelets. Color (dried from alcohol), yellow, yellowish, or white. Localities. — Albatross station 2859, off Alaska, lat. 55° 20' N. ; long. 136° 20' W., 1,569 fathoms, gray ooze, bottom temperature 34.9°, 1 specimen; station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23' N.; long. 170° 31' W., 1,771 fathoms, blue ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 22 speci- mens; station 4761, off Alaska, lat. 53° 57' 30" N.; long. 159° 31' W., 1,973 fathoms, blue clay, bottom temperature 35°, 258 specimens; station 4766, Bering Sea, lat. 52° 38' N.; long. 174° 49' W., 1,766 fathoms, bottom ?, bottom temperature ?, 18 specimens. Bathy- metrical range, 1,569 to 1,973 fathoms. Temperature range, 35.1° to 34.9°. Two hundred and ninety-nine specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25611, U.S.N.M., from station 4766. This seems to be a remarkably well-characterized species, confined to very deep water in the vicinity of the Alaskan peninsula and islands. Its nearest relative is probably leptoctenia, but the form of the radial shields, the much smaller and more numerous disk scales, the numer- ous disk spinelets and the larger and better spaced oral papillae serve 60 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. to distinguish baihybia easily. The numerous disk spinelets and pits (where spines have been rubbed off) are very remarkable, but similar spinelets sometimes occur, as has already been pointed out, in leptoctenia, ljungmani, and quadrispina. OPHIURA FLAGELLATA. Ophioglypha flagellata LYMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, 1878, p. 69. Ophiuraflagellata MEISSNER, Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities. — Albatross station 2860, off southern Alaska, lat. 51° 23' N.; long. 130° 34' W., 876 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 36.5°, 1 specimen; station 3338, Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 19' N.; long. 159° 40' W., 625 fathoms, green mud, sand, bottom tem- perature 37.3°, 1 specimen; station 3704, off Honshu Island, Japan, 94 to 150 fathoms, fine volcanic sand, 5 specimens; station 3784, off Aleutian Islands, lat. 54° 32' N.; long. 178° 31' E., 85 fathoms, green mud, fine gray sand, 11 specimens; station 4767, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 12' N.; long. 179° 7' 30" E., 771 fathoms, green mud, bot- tom temperature 36.5°, 2 specimens; station 4768, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 20' 30" N.; long. 179° 9' 30" E., 764 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine black sand, bottom temperature 37°, 78 specimens; station 4774, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33' N.: long. 178° 45' E., 557 to 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks foraminifera, 48 specimens; station 4775, Bering Sea, lat. 54° 33' 30" N.; long. 178° 44' E., 584 fathoms, green mud, black specks, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.2°, 1 specimen; station 4916, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 25' N.; long. 129° 6' 40" E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 3 specimens; station 5049, off eastern Japan, lat. 38° 12' N., long. 142° 2' E., 182 fathoms, dark gray sand, broken shells, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.8°, 4 specimens; station 5079, off Omai Saki, Japan, lat. 34° 15' N.; long. 138° E., 475 to 505 fathoms, pebbles, bottom temperature 39.1°, 1 specimen; sta- tion 5086, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 8' 15" N.; long. 139° 20' E., 292 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.7°, 3 specimens; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11' 25" N.; long. 139° 28' 20" E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom tempera- ture 41.8°, 1 specimen; station 5091, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4' 10" N.; long. 139° 38' 12" E., 197 fathoms, green mud, coarse black sand, pebbles, bottom temperature 47.6°, 2 specimens; station 5092, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4' 50" N.; long. 139° 38' 18" E., 70 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 56.3°, 2 specimens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3' 15" N.; long. 139° 37' 42" E., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 2 specimens; station 5094, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 4' 42" N.; long. 139° 38' 20" E., 88 fathoms, black sand, broken shells, bottom temperature 54.8°, NOBTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 61 11 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 70 to 876 fathoms. Tempera- ture range, 56.3° to 36.5°. One hundred and seventy-six specimens. These specimens show a most remarkable difference in the calcifi- cation of the disk, for while several of them have the disk covering thick, with the scales hardly distinguishable, as in Lyman's type, others have it much thinner with the scales evident, while still others have a greater or less part of the disk covered by a flaked skin, the calcification being confined to the vicinity of the radial shields and to the interradial margins. The gradation between the two extremes is so complete that there can be no doubt that the amount of calcification is an individual and not a specific or even a local matter. Thus the specimen from station 5094 has the disk fully calcified, while of two specimens from station 5093, one has the center of the disk bare with ten bare lines running out into the radii and interradii, and the other has the disk completely lacking calcifi- cation save about the mar- gin and the radial shields. That it is not a matter of age would seem to be in- dicated by the fact that the largest (disk diameter, 26 mm.) and one of the smallest (disk diameter, 9 mm.) specimens have less calcification than any others. Considerable di- Versity is shown also in the FIG- 15.— OPHIURA FLAGELLATA, YOUNG. X6. a, FROM ABOVK; length Of the arm spines, 6>FROMBEI<™: c, sn>E VIEW OFTWO ARM JOINTS NEAR DISK. in the form of the radial 'shields and in the number of tentacle scales, but these differences do not seem to be correlated in any definite way with the amount of calcification. The form of the radial shields, arm plates, and arm spines, the number of the latter (three) and the arm comb appear to be very constant features in mature specimens. In young individuals (see fig. 15) both the upper and under arm plates are much longer and narrower than in adults, and some- times the side arm plates do not quite meet below, though the under arm plates are widely separated nevertheless. The comb papillae are much longer and more slender than Lyman's figure a indicates. a Challenger Oph., 1881, pi. 4, fig. 17. 62 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. The range of this species is remarkable, extending as it does geo- graphically from lat. 9° 3' 24" N. and from long. 79° 37' E. (according to Ko3hler) to lat. 54° 33' 30" N. and to long. 130° 34' W., and bathymetrically from 53 fathoms to 876. But Koehlera has made a serious blunder in saying that the species was taken by the Challenger "entre les lies Philippines et les lies Carolines," for the only recorded Challenger station is 232, not far from Yokohama, Japan. OPHIURA IMBECILLIS. Ophioglypha imbecillis LYMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, 1878, p. 73. Ophiura imbecillis MEISSNER, Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities. — Albatross station 4918, Eastern Sea, lat. 30° 22' N.; long. 129° 8' 30" E., 361 fathoms, gray sand, globigerina; broken shells, bottom temperature 42.7°, 1 specimen; station 4957, off Eastern Japan, lat. 32° 36' N.; long. 132° 23' E., 437 fathoms, green- brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39.8°, 1 specimen; station 4968, off Japan, lat. 33° 24' 50" N.; long. 135° 38' 40" E., 253 fathoms, dark gray sand, brown mud, broken shells, bottom temperature 45.7°, 1 specimen; station 5088, Sagami Bay, lat. 35° 11' 25" N.; long. 139° 28' 20" E., 369 to 405 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature 41.8°, 7 specimens; station 5093, Uraga Strait, lat. 35° 3' 15" N.; long. 139° 37' 42" E., 302 fathoms, coarse black sand, bottom temperature 43.9°, 4 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 253 to 437 fathoms. Temperature range, 45.7° to 39.8°. Fourteen specimens. These specimens, which vary in disk diameter from 3J to 7 mm., are pale gray in color and show remarkably little diversity of structure. OPHIURA IRRORATA. Ophioglypha irrorata LYMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, 1878, p. 73. Ophioglypha orbiculata LYMAN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 5, 1878, p. 74. Ophioglypha grandis VERRILL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 293. Ophioglypha tumulosa LUTKEN and MORTENSEN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.23, 1897, p. 120. Ophioglypha involuta KCEHLER, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (8), vol. 4, 1897, p. 295. Ophiura irrorata MEISSNER, Bronn's Thierreichs, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1901, p. 925. Localities. — Albatross station 3603, Bering Sea, lat. 55° 23' N. ; long. 170° 31' W., 1,771 fathoms, brown ooze, bottom temperature 35.1°, 2 specimens; station 3783, 40 miles off Copper Island, 1,567 fathoms, gray volcanic sand, green mud, 1 specimen; station 4956, Inland Sea, Japan, lat. 32° 32' N.; long. 132° 25' E., 720 fathoms, green-brown mud, fine gray sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 37.5°, 1 specimen; station 4971, off eastern Japan, lat. 33° 23' 30" N. ; long. 135° 34' E., 649 fathoms, brown-green mud, foraminifera, bottom temperature 38.1°, 2 specimens; station 4979, off Japan, a Investigator, Deep Sea Oph., 1899, p. 19. NOBTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 63 lat. 33° 53' N.; long. 137° 42' E., 943 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 36.4°, 4 specimens; station 5030, Okhotsk Sea, lat. 46° 29' 30" N.; long. 145° 46' E., 1,800 fathoms, brown mud, bottom temperature?, 2 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° 4' 20" N. ; long. 137° 57' 30" E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 2 specimens; station 5084, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49' 40"_E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 624 to 1,800 fathoms. Temperature range, 38.1° to 35.1°. Sixteen specimens. This excellent series of specimens, ranging in size from a disk diame- ter of 7 mm. to one of 33 mm., has been carefully compared with the Blake specimens of irrorata from the Caribbean Sea and the Challenger specimens of irrorata from off the coast of Australia and the coast of Portugal, with a cotype of orbiculata from Japan, with a cotype of grandis from Albatross station 2573, and with specimens of tumulosa from the Albatross collection in the Panamic deep-water region, and I am fully satisfied that these four nominal species are in reality one and the same. Moreover, I see no character by which involuta can be distinguished, and I have accordingly included that name as a synonym. It seems, therefore, that in irrorata we have a cosmopolitan deep-water species, like Ophiornusium lymani, and it is of some interest to note here the various stations at which it has been taken: Off New England, off Portugal, in the West Indies, southeast of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Bay of Bengal, off New South Wales, off Japan, in Bering Sea, in the Gulf of California, in the Gulf of Panama, and among the Galapagos Islands. Except the very young specimens taken by the Challenger off New South Wales, and regarding the identification of which some doubt might reasonably be raised, speci- mens have not been taken in less than 600 fathoms, and the species ranges from that depth to over 2,200 fathoms. In spite of its exten- sive geographical and bathymetrical range, the species is not remark- ably variable, the differences with which the various names have been associated being mainly due to size or age. In the young, the arm spines even at the base of the arm are about equally spaced, but in larger specimens the upper one becomes widely separated from the other two. If, however, we follow the arm of an adult from base to tip, we find the spines gradually approaching each other, so that at the tip of the arm in a big specimen the arm spines correspond to those at the base of the arm in a young specimen, an interesting illus- tration of a "localized stage." In all adult specimens, however, the middle arm spine at the tip of the arm terminates, as Lyman pointed out, in a hook. The size of the arm spines differs greatly in different individuals, but these differences do not seem to be correlated with size, or locality, or depth. The shape of the oral shields and of the 64 BULLETIN 75, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. basal under arm plates is very variable, within certain limits; the oral shield is usually more or less pentagonal and longer than wide, but it may be rounded triangular or even oval, and it is often wider than long; the second under arm plate is usually squarish but it may be much longer than wide or often wider than long ; the number of basal under arm plates which are in contact with each other varies greatly with age. The arm comb, the upper arm plates, and the radial shields do not show very much diversity, but the disk scales are variable and the distinctness of the primary plates differs greatly in different individuals. OPHIURA CLASTA, new species." Disk 15 mm. in diameter; arms about 40 mm. long. Disk cov- ered with a thick skin, in or upon which are numerous more or less circular plates of variable size ; these plates do not overlap, and in most cases are scarcely in contact with each other; one at the margin of each in- terradius is very much larger than the rest and nearly or quite fills the space between two adjoining pairs of radial shields. Latter, rounded, about as wide as long, more or less lightly in contact, at least distally. First, and sometimes second, upper arm plate more or less tetragonal ; remainder small, triangular, and widely separated from each other; all are more or FIG. lf,-OPmuRA CLASTA. X3.5. a, FROM ABOVE; 6, }6SS Completely broken UP 'FROM BELOW; c, SIDE VIEW OF TWO ARM JOINTS NEAR into irregular fragments, SO that in many cases the orig- inal form of the plate can scarcely be distinguished. Interbrachial spaces below covered by the huge oral shield, an accessory shield, the two genital plates, and about five marginal plates. Oral shields rounded triangular or pentagonal, about as wide as long. Adoral plates vari- able in shape according to the position of the oral tentacle pore; when this is far back the adoral plate appears to be short and wide (as in the figure) , but when the pore is a little nearer the mouth the adoral plate is long and narrow; oral plates well developed and quite dis- tinct. Oral papillae squarish, crowded, five or six on each side, a Khjuj-cof, signifying broken in pieces, in reference to the condition of the upper arm plates. NORTH PACIFIC OPHIURANS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM CLARK. 65 outermost widest; an unpaired infradental papilla is often present. Genital slits rather short. Genital scales large, broad distally, but completely overshadowed by radial shields, so that they are not visible from above; each scale carries a few irregular marginal papillae but these are so imperfectly developed that there is no arm comb in any of the specimens; some small, irregular scales just distal to the radial shields give the superficial appearance of a comb in some cases, but these have no connection with the genital scales. First under arm plate rounded triangular; succeeding plates pentagonal, soon becom- ing triangular; all are much wider than long, and are distinctly sepa- rated from each other. Side arm plates large, meeting broadly both above and below; each plate carries four minute arm spines, one of which is high up on the plate, well separated from the other three, which are very low down and close together ; the middle one of these three is usually the longest spine but scarcely equals half the joint; the lowest one might easily be mistaken for a tentacle scale. Tentacle pores on arm minute and confined to the three or four basal joints; each one is protected by several minute scales. Oral pore not open- ing into mouth slit, protected by three or four rounded scales on each side. Color (dried from alcohol) ; scales and plates above clay color or brown, the skin between them decidedly darker; beneath, uniform dirty whitish, or brown. Localities. — Albatross station 4980, off eastern Japan, lat. 34° 9' N.; long. 137° 55' E., 507 fathoms, brown mud, fine sand, foraminifera, bottom temperature 39°, 4 specimens; station 5083, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° 4' 20" N.; long. 137° 57' 30" E., 624 fathoms, fine gray sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 38.1°, 16 specimens; station 5084, off Omai Saki light, lat. 34° N.; long. 137° 49' 40" E., 918 fathoms, green mud, fine sand, globigerina, bottom temperature 36.8°, 2 specimens. Bathymetrical range, 507 to 918 fathoms. Temperature range, 39° to 36° 8'. Twenty-two specimens. Type.— Cat. No. 25547, U.S.N.M., from station 5084. Although this species bears some resemblance dorsally to Ophio- glypha divisa Ltitken and Mortensen, the oral side is so different there can be no confusion between the two. I do not think there is any other species more nearly related to this Japanese novelty, unless it be 0. confragosa Lyman, from off La Plata, but the upper arm plates of the latter are alone sufficient to distinguish the two. OPHIURA MONOST