NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA Published by Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) Wome 36 - Number2 - 2013 SOCIETAS EUROPAEA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA e.V. http://www.soceurlep.eu HONORARY MEMBERS Günter Ebert (D), Pamela Gilbert (GB), Barry Goater (GB), Peter Hättenschwiler (CH), Prof. Dr Niels P. Kristensen (DK), Dr Kauri Mikkola (FIN), Prof. Dr Zoltan S. Varga (H) COUNCIL President: Dr Gerhard Tarmann (A) Vice-President: Prof. Dr Joaquin Baixeras (E) General Secretary: Dr Erik van Nieukerken (NL) Treasurer: Dr Robert Trusch (D) Membership Secretary: Willy De Prins (B) Ordinary Council Members: Eric Drouet (F), Andrea Grill (A), Matthias Nuss (D), Thomas Simonsen (UK), Boyan Zlatkov (BG) NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA A journal focussed on Palaearctic and General Lepidopterology Published by the Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica e.V. Editor. Jadranka Rota Associate Editor. Adrian Spalding Editorial Board. Franziska Bauer (Dresden, D), Sven Erlacher (subject editor; Chemnitz, D), Thomas Fartmann (subject editor; Miinster, D), Zdenék F. Fric (subject editor; Ceské Budéjo- vice, CZ), Axel Hausmann (subject editor; Munich, D), Peter Huemer (subject editor; Inns- bruck, A), Lauri Kaila (subject editor; Helsinki, FI), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, DK), Bernard Landry (subject editor; Genève, CH), Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde (subject editor; Orléans, F), Vazrick Nazari (subject editor; Ottawa, CA), Erik J. van Nieukerken (subject editor; Leiden, NL), Matthias Nuss (Dresden, D), Thomas Schmitt (subject editor; Trier, D), Wolfgang Speidel (Bonn, D), Alberto Zilli (subject editor; Rome, I). © Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (SEL) ISSN 0342-7536 Type setting: blattwerk | dd Printed by Neue Druckhaus Dresden GmbH All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Authors are responsible for the contents of their papers. NOTA LEPIDOPTEROLOGICA Volume 36 No.2 : Dresden, 20.12.2015 - ISSN 0342-7536 Theo Garrevoet, Daniel Bartsch & Arthur Lingenhöle. On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992 and some related species (Bepidoptera Sees da Mr N ee a eens tee cd ie 95 Toni Koren & Boris Laus. Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly (Papilionoided) diversity of the Dnanie ATC nn home 109 Jaakko Kullberg, Boris Yu. Filippov, Natalia A. Zubrij & Mikhail V. Kozlov. Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera collected from arctic tundra in European Russia .......... 127 Nikolai I. Rubin & Roman V. Yakovlev. Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories (Kazakhstan), including systematic OPES ADOML Ale Hrebia callas CLOUD ote RS oes oath dre te tetes 137 Sergey A. Sachkov. New species of scythridid moths (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) ROMS OU UCT ESI ar hae ya cu oe a ei 171 Vladimir V. Savchuk & Natalya S. Kajgorodova. The first record of Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) (Geometridae) from Ukraine .…................... 175 Kari Nupponen & Pasi Sihvonen. Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid species and new genus from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) ................... 179 Tarkan Soyhan, Süha Baser & Vazrick Nazari. First record of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaenidae) from Turkey .................. nennen 189 Boyan Zlatkov. Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and kietleiknown IE US de gan eta anne antenne 19] BS Oa (OS ee A Bes ee ee 198 Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 95 On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992 and some related species (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) THEO GARREVOET!, DANIEL BARTSCH? & ARTHUR LINGENHOLE? ! Kampioenstraat 14, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; theo.garrevoet(@telenet.be ? Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; daniel.bartsch@smns-bw.de 3 Haldenberg 10, 88400 Biberach, Germany; arthur.lingenhoele@gmx.de Received 6 March 2013; reviews returned 22 April 2013; accepted 20 May 2013. Subject Editor: Jadranka Rota. Abstract. During several expeditions in Tajikistan (Central Asia) numerous specimens of a species of Bembecia Hübner, 1819 were collected which were initially identified as B. karategina Spatenka, 1997. On subsequent comparison with the type specimens of several Central Asiatic species, these specimens proved conspecific with Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992, which was also described from Tajikistan. Therefore, based on morphological characteristics, genitalia morphology, DNA analysis and rearing results, B. karategina is considered here to be a subjective junior synonym of Bembecia rushana. In addition to the typical yellow specimens, black specimens of both sexes have also been found and are described here for the first time. During the examination of the type specimens it became clear that the female paratype (“allotype”) of B. karategina was misidentified. It belongs to Bembecia hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingenhöle & Altermatt, 2011 and is hitherto the only known female specimen of this species. Records of B. rushana from Afghanistan refer to Bembecia salangica Spatenka & Reshôft, 1989. Zusammenfassung. Während verschiedener Expeditionen in Tadschikistan (Zentralasien) konnten zahl- reiche Exemplare einer Art von Bembecia Hübner, 1819 gesammelt werden, die zunächst als B. kara- tegina Spatenka, 1997 bestimmt wurde. Ein späterer Vergleich dieser Tiere mit den Typusexemplaren verschiedener zentralasiatischer Arten der Gattung erwies deren Artgleichheit mit B. rushana Gorbunov, 1992, die ebenfalls aus Tadschikistan beschrieben wurde. Basierend auf äußeren Merkmalen, der Genitalmorphologie und der DNA-Analyse sowie den Zuchtergebnissen wird B. karategina hier als subjektives jüngeres Synonym von B. rushana angesehen. Neben typischen gelben, konnten auch schwarze Exemplare beiderlei Geschlechts gefunden werden, die hier erstmals beschrieben werden. Bei der Untersuchung der Typusexemplare zeigte sich weiterhin, dass der weibliche Paratypus (“Allotypus”) von B. karategina fehlbestimmt wurde. Er gehört Bembecia hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingenhöle & Altermatt, 2011 an und stellt das einzige bisher bekannt gewordene Weibchen dieser Art dar. Meldungen von B. rushana aus Afghanistan betreffen B. salangica Spatenka & Reshöft, 1989. Résumé. Au cours de plusieurs expéditions en Asie centrale (Tadjikistan) un grand nombre d’exemplaires d’une espèce de Bembecia Hübner, 1819 a été recueilli. Ils ont d’abord été identifiés comme B. karategina Spatenka, 1997. Ensuite, la comparaison avec les spécimens types de plusieurs espèces de l’Asie centrale a prouvé que ces exemplaires sont conspécifiques avec Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992, également décrit du Tadjikistan. Par conséquent, basé sur des caractéristiques externes, la morphologie génitale, les analyses d’ADN et les résultats d'élevage, B. karategina est considéré ici comme synonyme subjectif junior de Bembecia rushana. A côté des exemplaires typiquement jaunes aussi des spécimens noirs des deux sexes ont été trouvés qui sont décrits ici pour la première fois. Pendant l’examen des spécimens types, il est devenu clair que la femelle paratype (“allotype”) de B. karategina a été mal identifiée. Elle appartient à Bembecia hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingenhöle & Altermatt, 2011 et représente jusqu'ici le seul spécimen femelle connu de cette espéce. Les données de B. rushana de |’ Afghanistan appartiennent à Bembecia salangica Spatenka & Reshöft, 1989. Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 96 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana Introduction The apparently monophyletic genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819, with 103 described spe- cies, is one of the largest genera of the clearwing moth family. It has its centre of distribution in the south-western part of the Palaearctic region with hot spots in the Mediterranean area and in Central Asia. All species of the genus have a reduced, non- functional proboscis and their larvae develop over one or two years in the roots or lower parts of the stems of various species of Fabaceae. In multiple expeditions to the Hissar-Alai in Tajikistan, the authors captured exten- sive series of several Bembecia species. The majority were males, which were attracted by various synthetic pheromones, but females and early stages of many species were also found. Some of them proved to be new to science and have since been described (Garrevoet & Garrevoet 2011; Garrevoet & Lingenhöle 2011; Lingenhôle & Bartsch 2011; Stalling et al. 2010, 2011). The commonest species in many places was initially determined as B. karategina Spatenka, 1997, according to the “Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera” (Spatenka et al. 1999). This species was originally described from a male — which ıs the holotype — and a female specimen from the southern Hissar-Alai, which were denoted as “found in copula”. Nevertheless, they are so different in ap- pearance that the presumption arose that they must belong to different species. During subsequent research to solve this problem the authors came across another Bembecia species, also described from Tajikistan, Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992. This spe- cies was also described from two specimens, a male and a female. Some confusion exists regarding its types, because two descriptions with conflicting type designation have appeared in the literature. In “Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie” (Gorbunov 1992a), which was “approved for printing” on 14 April 1992 and received in the library of ZIN on 29 July 1992 indicating an intermediate publication date, the female is designated as the holotype. In the other paper, published in “May 1992” in “Atalanta” and received in the library of SMNS on the 11th of June 1992, the male is selected (Gorbunov 1992b). A search through the archive of “Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie” did not provide any clarification on the exact publication date (Sinev pers. com.). At present we follow Spatenka et al. (1999) and consider the description in “Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie” as valid, making the female the holotype. Unfortunately, the labelling of the specimens follows the publication in “Atalanta”, in contrast to that of the genitalia slides. The aim of this paper is to clarify the taxonomic status of B. karategina and B. ru- shana and to provide short notes on B. hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingen- hole & Altermatt, 2011 and B. salangica Spatenka & Reshöft, 1989. Materials and Methods Most of the male specimens were collected using a synthetic pheromone originating from PRI (Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands) which contains (Z,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate and (E,Z)-3,13-Octadecadienyl acetate in a 1:9 ra- tio. A few specimens were attracted to an old pheromone, with an unknown compo- Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 97 sition, for Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789) from the company BASF (Germany). Some individuals, including several females, were netted without the use of pheromones. A number of specimens of both sexes were also reared from larvae or pupae. Infested plants had to be dug out from the hard and stony soil very carefully. During the expedition, roots with larvae and pupae were kept in small containers. Once home they were placed indoors in terrariums containing a fine moderately moistened 5—7 mm grain hydroculture granulate and sprayed daily to maintain a sufficiently high humidity but avoiding the growth of mould. Most of the type specimens were exam- ined and photographically documented. Preparations of genitalia of several specimens were made using the standard techniques: maceration of the abdomen in 10% KOH, removal of the scales and cleaning in 70% ethanol. Genitalia of males were not stained, and those of females were stained with Chlorazol Black, then embedded in Euparal on a cavity slide, males with opened valvae. DNA was extracted from a midleg of set specimens. DNA analysis (“Barcode” = 658 base pair sequences of mitochondrial COX1 gene) of several Tajik and Afghan Bembecia specimens including the types of B. karategina was carried out. The PCR primers used were LepF1 and LepR1; the dis- tance model was Kimura 2 Parameter. For details see the “Barcode of Life Database” (BOLD) web page (http://www.barcodinglife.com/views/login.php). The detailed data can be accessed with a login under the project “Global Sesiidae — Clearwing Moths of the World”. Abbreviations ZMKU Zoology Museum Kiev University, Ukraine MWM Museum Witt München USPU Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University ZIN Zoological Institute St. Petersburg, Russia CTG collection of T. & W. Garrevoet CDB collection of D. Bartsch CAL collection of A. Lingenhöle Results In addition to the yellow specimens of B. rushana found in all localities where the spe- cies was recorded, a further expedition to the Peter the First Range at the north-western part of the Pamir Mountains resulted in the discovery of a population with predomi- nantly normal yellow-coloured and occasionally almost black males. DNA analysis showed only small divergences between this population and those of the Hissar-Alai (2.9 %) and no significant morphological differences have been found. Towards the end of this trip an undetermined Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) plant, containing fully developed Sesiidae pupae, was found on the southern slopes of the Anzob Pass north of Dushanbe. Shortly afterwards a few specimens of both sexes emerged, including black and normal yellow-coloured females. The striking similarity of the external morphological charac- teristics of the males, including the types of B. rushana and B. karategina, the reared 98 GARREVORT et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana yellow females and the female paratype of B. rushana, together with the structure of the genitalia of both sexes and the unambiguous results of the DNA barcode analy- sis (Fig. Al) led to the conclusion that B. rushana and B. karategina are conspecific. Hence, Bembecia karategina becomes a subjective junior synonym of B. rushana. The appearance of the yellow females is also very different from that of the female paratype of B. karategina. Therefore, the doubt about the correct identity of the latter specimen proved to be justified. Furthermore, both sexes of the reared specimens agree well with the original figures of B. rushana from the south-western Pamir Mountains, but the females differ significantly from the Afghan specimen representing B. rushana in the “Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera” (Spatenka et al. 1999) and cited by Bartsch & Spatenka (2010). The external appearance as well as the DNA barcode of the female paratype of B. karategina support the already existing presumption it belongs to B. hissorensis. The Afghan specimens from the Anjuman Pass, Hindu Kush Mountains, Afghanistan, which are mentioned and illustrated as B. rushana in the “Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera” (Spatenka et al. 1999), belong to B. salangica. This con- clusion is also supported both by the DNA results and the external morphology of the imagines. The hitherto unknown black forms of both sexes of B. karategina are de- scribed below. Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992 Figs 1-14, 22-29 Bembecia rushana Gorbunov, 1992a: 132. Type locality: Tajıkistan, Pamir Os., Rushan, Jugum, Jazgulem, fauces fl. Rav-dara, 3300-3400 m. Holotype: female (ZMKU). Bembecia karategina Spatenka, 1997: 33 syn. n. Type locality: Tajikistan, Karategin range, Romit valley, N 38.40°, E 69.10°, 1500 m. Holotype: male (MWM). Material. Holotype 9 (Figs 9, 10, 28), ‘Rushan (Pamir oc.) | Jugum Jazgulem | fauces fl. Rav-dara | 3300-3400 m alt., 29 VII 1937 | L. Sheljuzhko et N. Pavlitzkaja leg. | Mus Zool Univers Kijev.’, ‘rush- ana Shel, | (holotyp.) | @ L. Sheljuzhko det’, ‘genitalia examinated | by ©. Gorbunov | preparation No 0058’, ‘Paratypus 9 | Bembecia | rushana Gorbunov | det. O. Gorbunov 1990’, ZMUK. — Paratype 10 (Figs 1, 2, 22), same label data, ‘rushana Shel. | (allotyp.) | S L. Sheljuzhko det’, ‘genitalia examinat- ed | by ©. Gorbunov | preparation No 0059’, ‘Holotypus © | Bembecia | rushana Gorbunov | det. O. Gorbunov 1990’, ZMUK. © holotype of Bembecia karategina Spatenka, 1997 (Figs 3, 4, 23), ‘USSR Tadzhikistan | Karategin Ridge | Romit Vall. 1500 m | 69°10’E 38°40'N | 12. July 1981 | leg. J. A. Vanék’, ‘Holotypus | Bembecia | karategina © | K. Spatenka des.’, ‘Museum Witt | München’, genitalia examined by A. Lingenhöle, Museum Witt prep. 17291, MWM. — Tajikistan: Hissar-Alai: Khoja Ob-i Garm, 2350 m, N 38°53'19.9", E 68°45'08.9": 220° 18.vii.2009; 319 19 26.vi1.2010; 1369 08.viii.2010 (Garrevoet prep. TG 2011-011, TG 2011-012) (Figs 25, 27) (CTG); 1S 18.v11.2010; 69 29.v11.2010; 1260 2.viii.2010 (Bartsch prep. 2011-14) (Fig. 24) (CDB); 5& 18.vii.2009; 1030 2.viii.2011 (Lingenhöle prep. AL 257) (Fig. 26) (CAL); 2 km S of Anzob Pass, 2500 m, N 39°04'13.6", E 68°51'00.1": 19 25.vii.2009; 70° 29.vii.2010; 619 19 23.vii.2011, 20 ex pupa 23.vii.2011, imagines emerged 30.vii.2011 and 4.vin.2011; 6 26.vii.2011; 40° (Figs 5, 6), 49 (Figs 13, 14), ex larva, 08.vi1.2012, males emerged 2x 29.v11.2012, 30.v11.2012 and 10.v111.2012, females 02.v111.2012, 03.v111.2012 and 2x 05.v111.2012 (CTG); 5S 23.vii.2011, 2500-2700 m; 19 39 (Figs 11, 12), ex pupa, 23.vii.2011, 2500 m, imagines emerged 04.v111.2012, 05.viii.2012, 21.viii.2012, 01.1x.2012; 70° 19 (Bartsch prep. 2013-01) (Fig. 29) 24.vu.2011, Figs 1-8. Males of Bembecia rushana, scale bars 10 mm (all specimens except for the types in CTG). 1, 2. Paratype, Pamir, Rushan, Jugum, Jazgulem, fauces fl. Rav-dara (ZMKU). 3, 4. Holotype of Bembecia karategina, Karategin range, Romit valley (MWM). 5, 6. Yellow form, Hissar-Alai, 2 km S of Anzob Pass. 7,8. Black form, Peter the First Range, 50 km NE of Tavildara, Alisurkhon. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 99 100 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana 2850-3050 m; 19 25.vii.2011, 3020 m (CDB); 369 19 25.vii.2011; 39 25.vii.2011, ex larva, imagines emerged 07.1x.2011 (CAL); Pichev, 1950 m, N 39°02'25.9", E 69°23'02.2", 19 21.vii.2009. Peter the First Range: 50 km NE of Tavildara, Alisurkhon, 1950 m, N 38°53'56.2" E 70°58'01.9”, 190 (Figs 7, 8) (CTG) 30 (CDB) 14.v11.2011; Gowd, 1950 m, N 38°50'54.3” E 70°57'53.1", 360 14.vii.2011 (CAL); 20 km NE of Tavildara, Sabzikharf, 1850 m, N 38°47'46.5”, E 70°40'33.8", 10° 18.vii.2011 (CTG). Description of the black form of Bembecia rushana. Adults. Male (Figs 7, 8). Similar to the yellow form, in size as well as in size and shape of transparent wing areas and discal spots. Body almost entirely black with bluish gloss. Labial palp dorsally and ventro-mesally more or less pale yellow; frons laterally yellow, at base of antenna some yellow scales; vertex with long grey-yellow scales. Anal tuft ventro-laterally sparsely orange-yellow. Forewing anal area and veins of external transparent area orange; un- derside of both wings with costal area and veins pale yellow. Female (Figs 13, 14). Larger than male, wingspan 22-27 mm. Body almost completely black with light blu- ish tinge. Labial palp dorsally yellow, ventrally and mesally some yellow scales; frons orange-yellow, medially dark grey; vertex and pericephalic scales orange-yellow, the latter ventrally pale yellow; foretibia and -tarsus ventrally yellow; anal tuft with some yellow scales ventrally; forewing underside with costal area pale yellow. Wings almost opaque; anterior transparent area of forewing and medio-basal part of hindwing slightly translucent, the former always visible as a very narrow slit and sometimes faintly indi- cated with some dark orange scales. Male genitalıa (Figs 22-27). Gnathos with lateral cristae relatively short, me- dial crista absent. Valva ovoid, apically rounded; crista sacculi straight, somewhat oblique, half as long as valva, distally slightly ventrad bent, arrangement of its setae very variable, often interrupted by a more or less distinct subdistal gap (Fig. 25 subdis- tal gap only on one side). Female genitalia (Figs 28, 29). Antrum long and slender, ostium bursae mi- nutely convex. Variability. Yellow-coloured specimens vary little in colour intensity and extension. In older specimens of the dark form, the bright orange-yellow colouration of the head be- comes bleached pale whitish yellow. One of the yellow females has an orange-yellow scapular spot at the forewing base. Differences in size are often related to the locality. Males from Khoja Ob-ı Garm have a wingspan of 15-23 mm, whereas those from the southern ascent to Anzob Pass, which is only some 20 km distant, measure 19-26 mm. Also a dependence on different host plants may exist, as the confirmed host from the Anzob Pass was not observed in Khoja Ob-i Garm. In the males, the arrangement of the setae on the crista sacculi is unusually variable: the subdistal gap sometimes even varies within the genitalia of the same specimen (Fig. 25). Diagnosis. Bembecia rushana belongs to the B. ichneumoniformis (Denis & Schiffer- müller, 1775) species group and may be closely related to other central Asian species such as B. afghana Bartsch & Spatenka, 2010, B. guesnoni Spatenka & Toëevski, 1993, Figs 9-16. Females of Bembecia species. 9, 10. Bembecia rushana, holotype, Pamir, Rushan, Jugum, Jazgulem, fauces fl. Rav-dara (ZMKU). 11, 12. Bembecia rushana, yellow form, Hissar-Alai, 2 km S of Anzob Pass (CDB). 13, 14. Bembecia rushana, black form, Hissar-Alai, 2 km S of Anzob Pass. 15, 16. Bembecia hissorensis, paratype of Bembecia karategina, Karategin range, Romit valley (MWM). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 101 102 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana B. lamai Kallies, 1996 and B. zebo Spatenka & Gorbunov, 1987, all of which lack a medial crista of the gnathos and have the crista sacculi of the valva straight and its setae with subdistal gap. B. rushana is easy to distinguish from all these species using only external morphological characteristics. In particular, the almost black thorax and first abdominal sternites (only scapular spot yellow) and the broad, almost black forewing discal spot are characteristic. B. afghana has abdominal tergite 2 without yellow mar- gin and forewing discal spot yellow distally. B. guesnoni and B. lamai have abdominal tergite 2 with fine yellow posterior margin and forewing discal spot rather narrow, with distal yellow spot in B. guesnoni and discal spot completely yellow in B. /amai. In the Hissor-Alai, B. rushana often shares the habitat with the superficially rather similar B. zebo. This species differs in the smaller forewing discal spot with distinct yellow spot distally, the larger 5-partite external transparent area and the yellow sternite 2 (dis- cal spot without yellow spot, external transparent area 3 or 4 partite, sternite 2 black in B. rushana). Also superficially similar, but with a flight period in May/June being much earlier on the wing is B. kreuzbergi, which is clearly separated by having the metathorax yellow dorsally. Further species, often occurring syntopically and synchro- nously, are B. aye Stalling, Altermatt, Lingenhôle & Garrevoet, 2010, B. tshimgana (Sheljuzhko, 1935), B. lingenhoelei Garrevoet & Garrevoet, 2011 and B. hissorensis. Both the yellow and black forms of the males of B. aye are distinctly larger than B. rushana and have forewing veins and margins red anteriorly and external transparent area very large, consisting of 5 cells (wings without red, external transparent area 3 or 4 celled in B. rushana). The female of B. aye is unknown. Richly yellow marked forms of the very variable B. tshimgana are unmistakable in having the forewing discal spot completely orange yellow. Dark forms have a black forewing discal spot, some- times centrally with small orange dot or a few orange-yellowish scales. They differ from black B. rushana in having some tergites and the hindtibia with yellow markings, which are sometimes difficult to discern. Males of B. tshimgana differ further in the smaller forewing discal spot, which is nearly as broad as the apical area. Females of B. tshimgana have well developed transparent areas of the forewings and the hindwings transparent (both wings opaque in B. rushana). Males of B. lingenhoelei have smaller transparent areas and only the abdominal tergites 4 and 6 with narrow yellow posterior margin (tergite 2 with narrow, 4, 6 and 7 with broad yellow margin in B. rushana). Females of B. lingenhoelei are also black but lack the orange-yellow colouration of the head, the forewing lacks transparent areas and has the apex slightly translucent (anterior transparent area very small, but always visible, wing apex intensely black in B. rushana). Both sexes of B. hissorensis differ in having the tegula cranially, the metathorax dorsally and the sternite 2, 4—6 (and 7 in male) yellow and the forewing discal spot with distinct yellow spot distally, the female is further distinguished by the well developed transparent parts of the wings. Very similar, especially in the female, is B. salangica from the Hindu Kush, Afghanistan. This species also has yellow and Figs 17—21. Habitat and host plants of Bembecia species. 17. Tajikistan, Hissar-Alai, 2 km S of Anzob Pass, habitat of B. rushana, B. hissorensis, B. aye, B. lingenhoelei and B. zebo. 18, 19. Astragalus sp. host plant of B. rushana. 20, 21. Astragalus sp. host plant of B. hissorensis; dry leaves showing presence of larva (right). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 104 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana black forms. The yellow form of the males has the colouration of the body paler, the posterior margin of the tergites narrower and present only on tergites 2, 4 and 6, both forms have the vertex covered with dense, extremely hair-like, greyish scales, and lack the longitudinal transparent area of the forewing. Pale females have the vertex black, tergite 5 with broad yellow posterior margin and the hindwing discal spot rather indis- tinct (vertex orange, without hair-like scales; tergite 5 and hindwing discal spot black in B. rushana), black females of B. salangica lack the orange-yellow colouration of the head. There is no phenotypic similarity between B. rushana and B. tancrei (Pingeler, 1905) as stated by Spatenka et al. (1999). B. tancrei is darker and other clear differences are in the narrower abdominal annulations, almost black anal tuft, narrower forewing discal spot, and presence of longitudinal and larger anterior and external transparent areas, the latter consisting of 6 cells. Bionomics. Bembecia rushana occurs in dry, stony, often southwards exposed slopes, abrasions and road sides with sparse, predominantly herbaceous vegetation at altitudes from about 2000 m up to 3500 m (Fig. 17). The larva lives apparently two years in the root of an undetermined, non-acanthous species of Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) (Fig. 18). In July, infested plants attract attention by the presence of a lot of dry or yellow leaves (Fig. 19). At the time of collection, many larvae had already pupated. Some smaller larvae, not having made their pupal chamber by the end of July apparently needed a second overwintering to complete development. Prior to pupation, the larva constructs a short almost invisible exit tube from the root to the soil surface. The pupal chamber is inside, or along the upper part of the root. Emergence of the imagines always took place in the morning. The species starts to fly in mid-July at altitudes around 2000 m and one or two weeks later at higher altitudes. In culture one male ermerged on September 1 and further three males on September 7, indicating a long flight period of the adults, with its maximum likely in the first half of August. Males are active from late morning to early afternoon. Females were captured in early afternoon flying near the host plant. Distribution. Bembecia rushana is only known from the type locality in the Western Pamir close to the Afghan border, the Peter the First Range in the north-western Pamir and the Hissar-Alai north and east of Dushanbe. All localities are in Tajikistan south of the main range of the Hissar-Alai, which is a distinct faunal boundary line and ap- parently represents the northern limit of its distribution. Records of B. rushana from Afghanistan (Bartsch & Spatenka 2010; Spatenka et al. 1999) refer to B. salangica. However, the localities of several finds, including that of the types, are very close to the Afghan border making the occurrence in Afghanistan very likely. Species confused with Bembecia rushana Bembecia hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingenhôle & Altermatt, 2011 | Figs 15, 16 Bembecia hissorensis Stalling, Bartsch, Garrevoet, Lingenhöle & Altermatt 2011: 169. Type locality: Tajikistan, Hissar-Alai, 10 km NW Hissor, N 38°37'42", E 68°25'33", 1800 m, 13.vii.2010. Holotype: male (SMNS). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95- 108 105 21 Figs 22-27. Genitalia of Bembecia rushana males. 22. Paratype (ZMKU). 23. Holotype of Bembecia ka- rategina (MWM). 24-27. Specimens from Khoja Ob-i Garm, showing variability of crista sacculi (CTG, CDB, CAL). Bembecia hissorensis was described from a large series of 292 males, which were cap- tured in the Hissar-Alai north and south of the main range. Despite the local abundance of the males, female and host plant were unknown. The female paratype of B. karate- gina (Figs 15, 16) belongs to B. hissorensis. This is supported by the widely analogous pale yellow colouration shared with the males and from DNA analysis (Fig. Al). This is the only known female of this species and, as B. karategina, has been well described and figured in the recent literature (Spatenka 1997, Spatenka et al. 1999). The host 106 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana tae. Figs 28, 29. Genitalia structure of Bembecia rushana females. 28. Holotype (ZMKU). 29. Specimen from Anzob Pass, insert: ostium (CDB). plant on the south side of the Anzob Pass is a very small, hairy, non-acanthous species of Astragalus L. (Figs 20, 21), apparently near Astragalus heydei Baker. Only very few larvae/pupae have been found, from which two males emerged. Bembecia salangica Spatenka & Reshôft, 1989 (not figured) Bembecia salangica Spatenka & Reshôft, 1989: 178. Type locality: Afghanistan, north side of Salang Pass, 3400 m, 14.v11.1974. Holotype: female (MWM). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 95-108 107 Bembecia salangica Was described from five females from the Salang Pass, Hindu Kush Mountains. Further specimens were discovered at some other localities in the Hindu Kush, including males, which were described from one specimen from the Anjuman Pass and one from the Comar Valley (Bartsch & Spatenka 2010, Spatenka 1992). Two females from the first locality are figured at the “Barcode of Life” web pages, one of them as B. rushana. This is the specimen mentioned and illustrated in the “Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera” misidentified as B. rushana, representing this species in Afghanistan (Spatenka et al. 1999). Acknowledgements The authors thank their companions during the several expeditions for their invaluable support in col- lecting. We also thank Igor Kostjuk and Vadim Tshikolovets (both ZMKU) for providing the illustrations and genitalia slides of the types of Bembecia rushana. Vadim Zolotuhin (USPU) and Sergey Sinev (ZIN) kindly assisted with literature items. We also express our special gratitude to Franz Pühringer (St. Konrad, Austria) for his indefatigable efforts in organising and collecting the samples for DNA analysis in coop- eration with BOLD (University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada). Finally, Barry Goater is thanked for some linguistic revision. References Bartsch, D. & K. Spatenka 2010. Bembecia magnifica und Bembecia afghana, zwei neue Glasflügler aus Afghanistan (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). — Entomologische Zeitschrift 120: 243 -248. BOLD web pages (http://www. barcodinglife.com/views/login.php). Garrevoet, T. & W. Garrevoet 2011. Bembecia lingenhoelei, a new clearwing moth from Tajikistan (Lepi- doptera: Sesiidae) — Phegea 39: 73-79. Garrevoet, T. & A. Lingenhöle 2011. Bembecia bartschi, a new clearwing moth from Tajikistan (Lepi- doptera: Sesiidae) — Entomologische Zeitschrift 121: 157-161. Gorbunov, O. 1992a. Revision of the types of the Sesiidae (Lepidoptera), preserved in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Kiev State University. — Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71: 121-133. [In Russian; English translation in Entomological Review 72: 40-53; 1993]. Gorbunov, O. 1992b. Two new species of the genus Bembecia Hübner, 1819 from Middle Asia (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). — Atalanta 23: 249-253. Lingenhôle, A. & D. Bartsch 2011. Bembecia garrevoeti sp. nov. aus dem ôstlichen Hissargebirge in Ta- _ dschikistan (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) — Entomologische Zeitschrift 121: 163-167. Spatenka, K. & K. Reshôft 1989. Eine neue Art der Gattung Bembecia Hübner, 1819 aus Ost-Afghanistan _ (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). — Entomofauna 10: 177-186. Spatenka, K. 1992. Weitere neue paläarktische Sesiiden (Lepidoptera Sesiidae). — Alexanor 17: 427-446. Spatenka, K. 1997. Neue Glasflügler (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) aus dem Pamir und dem Hindukusch. — Bon- _ ner Zoologische Beiträge 47: 31—44. Spatenka, K., O. Gorbunov, Z. Laëtuvka, I. ToSevski & Y. Arita 1999. Sesiidae — Clearwings moths. 569 pp. — Jn: C. Naumann (ed.), Handbook of Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera 1. - GEM Publishing Com- pany, Wallingford, England. Stalling, T., F. Altermatt, A. Lingenhöle & T. Garrevoet 2010. A new species of Bembecia Hübner, [1819] from Tajikistan, Central Asia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) — Entomologische Zeitschrift 120: 249-251. Stalling, T., D. Bartsch, T. Garrevoet, A. Lingenhöle & F. Altermatt 2011. Bembecia hissorensis, a new species of Clearwing moths from Tajikistan, Central Asia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). — Entomologische Zeitschrift 121: 169-172. 108 GARREVOET et al.: On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana Appendix B. ichneumoniformis | CCDB-16703 A04 | Belgium, Liège, Lanaye — male B. hissorensis | CCDB-04609 B05 | Hissor — male, paratype B. hissorensis | CCDB-04609 B06 | Hissor — male, paratype B. hissorensis | CCDB-14649 F05 | Romit Valley — female, paratype ("allotype") of B. karategina B. hissorensis | CCDB-16704 A10 | Khoja Ob-i Garm — male B. hissorensis | CCDB-14648 G10 | south of Anzob Pass — male B. rushana | CCDB-14648 H02 | south of Anzob Pass — black female B. rushana | CCDB-04609 F08 | Khoja Ob-i Garm — yellow male B. rushana | CCDB-04608 B09 | Romit Valley — yellow male, holotype of B. karategina B. rushana | CCDB-04687 C11 | Khoja Ob-i Garm — yellow male B. rushana | CCDB-16703 G10 | Khoja Ob-i Garm — black female B. rushana | CCDB-04616 B10 | Khoja Ob-i Garm — yellow male B. rushana | CCDB-16703 HO1 | Alisurkhon — black male B. rushana | CCDB-16703 G12 | Alisurkhon — yellow male B. salangica | CCDB-04608 C10 | Afghanistan, Salang Pass — black female, paratype 1% B. salangica | CCDB-14563 D07 | Afghanistan, Anjuman Pass — yellow female, previously mentioned as B. rushana Fig. Al. Neighbour joining tree of DNA barcodes of Bembecia species, showing specimen registry num- bers and localities of origin (all specimens from Tajikistan, unless stated otherwise). B. ichneumoniformis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) is the outgroup. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 109-126 109 Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly (Papilionoidea) diversity of the Dinaric Arc Toni Koren! & Boris LAUS ? ! University of Primorska, Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Biodiversity Studies, SI-6000, Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, Slovenia; koren.tonil(@gmail.com 2 Association for Biological Research — BIOM, Biankinijeva 12b, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; boris.laus.pmf@gmail.com Received 11 February 2013; reviews returned 20 March 2013; accepted 5 June 2013. Subject Editor: Zdenék F. Fric. Abstract. The Dinara Massif range is the highest mountain range in Croatia, located in the southeastern part of the country. During the last three years we conducted a butterfly survey on three mountains belonging to the Dinara Massif: Dinara, KameSnica and Troglav. We recorded 94 butterfly species; for the first time exact localities were given for 46 of them, while two were entirely new records for the area. A comparison with five other mountains belonging to the Dinaric Arc was performed using the Sgrensen similarity index, which revealed that Blidinje (Cvrsnica & Vran complex) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Mt. Velebit in Croatia have the highest similarity with the Dinara Massif. Several rare species were recorded during this survey, of which Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) represents the second record for Croatia. The known ranges for Pieris balcana (Lorkovié, 1970), Polyommatus damon (Dennis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Polyommatus eros (Ochsenheimer, 1808) and Polyommatus ripartii in Croatia were much expanded. Introduction Butterflies are one of the best studied groups of insects in most of Europe, especially in terms of their biology, distribution (Kudrna et al. 2011), ecology (Settele et al. 2009) and conservation status (van Swaay et al. 2010). One of the commonly used tools to unite all the data in one place are butterfly atlases, which are more the exception than the rule in the Balkan region. Only a single butterfly atlas exists for the region, and it covers the butterflies of Slovenia (Verovnik et al. 2012). In Bosnia and Herzegovina a book covering butterfly diversity exists (Lelo 2007a) but covers only their general dis- tribution, without precise localities. The same goes for the field guide to the butterflies of Serbia (Popovic & Duric 2011). Aside from the 20-year old atlas that covers the en- tire territory of former Yugoslavia (JakSic 1988), Croatia, Montenegro and Macedonia do not have any recent atlases. The above mentioned old atlas (JakSié 1988) gives no data for many areas, and many species were recorded only sporadically. In Croatia, three main biogeographical regions exist: the Mediterranean, the mountain or Dinaric region and the continental region (State Institute for Nature Protection 2011). One of the most interesting areas for the global species diversity is the Dinaric Arc. This is a south European mountain chain, spanning through Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Albania. It extends for 645 kilom- eters along the coast of the Adriatic Sea (northwest-southeast), from the Julian Alps in the northwest, down to the Sar-Korab massif in the south. The highest mountain of the Dinaric Alps, Maja Jezercé, is 2694 m high. It is located in Mount Prokletije, on the border between Montenegro and northern Albania. The mountain range itself was Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 110 Koren & Laus: Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly diversity of the Dinaric Arc named after Mt. Dinara, located at the border of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dinarides contain a mosaic of Alpine, Continental and Mediterranean species and habitats (Tvrtkovic & Veen 2006). The geology of the Dinaric Arc mostly consists of carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) with islands of clastic rocks and flysch rocks (Gottstein-Matoëec 2002). The Dinaric Arc is influenced both by Mediterranean and the Continental climates (Tvrtkovié & Veen 2006). In fact, the border of those two zones lies along the mountain chain. Butterflies were sufficiently surveyed only on several mountains belonging to the Dinarides chain, including Uëka, Velebit and Biokovo in Croatia, Blidinje in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Durmitor in Montenegro. The highest mountain in Croatia, Dinara, is still a mystery in terms of biodiversity. Recently, an overview paper was published (Tvrtkovié et al. 2012) in which all the known records for the area were compiled, in- cluding literature records. Unfortunately, it lacks precise observation on localities and clear division of literature and recent records. Before that, no systematic surveys were ever carried out in this area, and literature data for the whole Dinara Massif are few (Koren 2010b; Koren et al. 2010; Lorkovié 2009; Mihoci et al. 2006; Mladinov 1973; Mladinov & Lorkovié 1985; Sijarié 1977; Stauder 1920/21; Tvrtkovic et al. 2011). A need for more systematic surveys is emphasised by the fact that for two butterflies, Colias caucasica Staudinger, 1871 and Erebia triaria (de Prunner, 1798), the Dinara Massif is the only known locality in Croatia (Lorkovic 2009; Tvrtkovic et al. 2011). The aim of this paper is to present newly collected data on the biodiversity of three mountains in the Dinara mountain chain (Troglav, Dinara and Kameënica), to give an overview of all known butterflies of the region, to present remarks on some interesting species and to compare them to other well-surveyed mountain regions of the Dinarides. Materials and methods Study area. The Dinara Massif is characterised by a diverse landscape covered with miscellaneous habitats. All of the surveyed mountains share the same type of veg- etation structure. Dinara, Troglav and Kameënica are mostly covered with different types of grasslands (Fig. 1). There are sub-Mediterranean and epi-Mediterranean dry grasslands that develop on shallow calcareous soil, and occasional meadows on richer brown soil. At higher altitudes are alpine and subalpine grasslands that grow above the tree line. In the past these grasslands were used as pastures or hay meadows, but today after abandonment of traditional outdoor livestock farming they are under severe suc- cession. Dry grasslands are overgrown with scrubs and garrigue and eventually turn into sub-Mediterranean, thermophilous forests and scrubs of Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae), while alpine and subalpine grasslands are exposed to succession with dif- ferent scrubs or Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra; Pinaceae). Beside these grasslands, the second most represented habitat types are forests. These are mostly thermophilous forests and scrubs of pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) in different degradation stages, and at higher altitudes beech (Fagus sylvatica L.; Fagaceae) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus nigra Arnold; Pinaceae) forests are present (Dumbovic et al. 2009). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 109-126 LL SENOS Fig. 1. a) Troglav, b) KameSnica, Medugorje, c) Dinara, Duler, d) Dinara, Brezovac. Data collection. All data presented in this paper are the result of a three-year study by the authors. Dinara was visited in May 2010 and May 2012; Kamesnica in May 2010, and July and August 2012; Troglav in July 2011. These visits covered the whole season of butterfly activity. The visited area of Troglav is especially dangerous, because of many land mines left after the last war twenty years ago. Aside from that, the road lead- ing to the upper part of the mountain is inaccessible by an ordinary vehicle. All these factors make researching this area very dangerous. The survey was carried out on 26 different localities (Tab. 1). Butterflies were caught with entomological nets, identified, and released on the spot. The sampling was mostly carried out using a transect method, when possible. Time spent on each locality varied, but was at least half an hour per locality. In several cases identification was not possible in the field, so the specimens were collected and the gen- italia prepared by standard procedures. Exact coordinates and altitudes were recorded using a Garmin GPS device, altitudes were double-checked in Internet mapping tools (GoogleEarth, GoogleMaps). The taxonomy follows van Swaay et al. (2010). Data processing. Recorded butterfly diversity was compared to five other, moderately well-surveyed mountains of the Dinaric region. Three of them are located in Croatia — Ucka (Rebel 1910), Velebit (Mihoci et al. 2007) and Biokovo (Mihoci et al. 2011), one 2 Koren & LAUS: Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly diversity of the Dinaric Arc Tab. 1. List of surveyed localities on Dinara Massif, with UTM fields, coordinates, altitudinal range and habitat types. “Coordinates are set to GCS_Bessel_ 1841 geographic coordinate system. * Habitat types: AG: alpine and subalpine grasslands, CS: cultivated surfaces, DG: dry grassland, FE: for- est edge, HM: hay meadow, P: pasture, WB: water bodies. Altitude Locality Coordinates“ range Habitat* (m a.s.l.) UTM es e W198 Bitelic 143 | 43. 143 | XJ08 XJ08 6.34611 E XJ08 6.36169 E 6. |Smiljina pojana | X08 6.36294 E osare 8. [Kobilovata | (XII | EM XJ17 16.42508 E ei XJ27 | 43.96625 N AG x126 XJ36 XJ36 XJ36 il cd RE pe a [43.68173 N | 1260.2 s| [el E E — ON 43.68173 N | 16.75118 E | 260 DG, FE, WB, CS 8. a AST en —_—i— —I J44 |43.70125 N | 16.81787 E | 688-786 |DG, FE, WB J44 |43.69164 N | 16.85270 E | 1083 DG EEE | >< | >< Korita village Medugorje J54 |43.69300 N | 16.88528 E | 1350-1384 | AG, FE, HM, P \O D | oO Popovaca area N Glavas EE 1. | Mountain shelter XJ53 | 43.68595 N | 16.88976 E | 1208-1348 | AG, FE Sv. Mihovil 2. | Arkacica settlement XJ53 | 43.66302 N | 16.91556 E | 1012—1030 | DG, HM, P, FE Mt. Kameënica . 4 123. | Village Vostane 153 |43.64452 N | 16.90586 E | 865-944 _| DG, HM, P, CS, FE : 8 N Settlement Vrandolac XJ53 | 43.60055 N | 16.89362 E | 640 DG, FE, P Donja Tijarica 26. | Settlement Tarabnik XJ52 |43.58835 N | 16.90025 E | 625 DG, HM, FE Donja Tijarica in Bosnia and Herzegovina — Blidinje (Ku£inic et al. 2005), and one in Montenegro — Durmitor (Sijarié et al. 1984) (Fig. 2). For the comparison of faunal similarity, we used the widely accepted Sgrensen similarity index (Sorensen 1948). This similarity index measures species composition between two different sites, and takes into account the number of species shared by the two sites. The higher the value of the index, the higher the similarity between sites. Crno polje, Vostane J53 | 43.61592 N | 16.90107 E DG, P, FE Nota lepid. 36 (2): 109-126 113 RR Bosnia and Herzeg Eee eee Adriatic Sea Fig. 2. The best surveyed mountains in the Dinaric region: 1. Mt. UËëka, 2. Mt. Velebit, 3. Mt. Dinara, 4. Mt. Biokovo, 5. Blidinje, 6. Durmitor. Results and Discussion Faunistic data A comparison of our data with the literature is somewhat challenging, due to the lack of detail in a recent overview done by Tvrtkovic et al. (2012). In that paper the authors published data from their own survey stretching from the village Guge (250 m a.s.l.) near Knin to the Sinjal peak (1831 m a.s.l.), but without any means of distinguishing between parts of the transects. Additionally, species from a historically surveyed local- ity near Knin (Hafner 1994) were included. These data are inconclusive due to the fact that the city itself is not part of the discussed area as it is located in the karstic valley of Kninsko Polje, with different geographical, geological, climatological and biodiversity characteristics. The main problem is that Hafner (1994) did not research the mountain itself, but only locations around the city. The best indication of this is the fact that not a single mountain species (e.g., genus Erebia) was listed in that paper, even though the survey lasted for several years, and an impressive number of species was recorded. Therefore the main problem is how to distinguish the historical data coming from one small area around the city of Knin, and recent data that include both the city area and 114 Koren & Laus: Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly diversity of the Dinaric Arc the Mt. Dinara itself. In either case, without exact localities available, the number of 130 recorded species given by Tvrtkovic et al. (2012) for the whole Dinara Massif should be taken with caution. During this survey we recorded 94 different butterfly species (Tab. 2). For 46 of those species we provide for the first time their exact localities on the three surveyed mountains. However, 43 of these species were previously mentioned by Tvrtkovié et al. (2012), and only three are mentioned for the first time: Pyrgus alveus (Hiibner, 1803), Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) and Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871). Looking at each mountain separately, we recorded 40 species on Dinara, 55 species on Troglav, and 58 on KameSnica. Of those species, two are for the first time recorded on Mt. Dinara, 41 on Mt. Troglav and 30 on Mt. Kameënica (Tab. 2). With our newly collected data, and the literature data, the number of butterfly spe- cies in the Dinara Massif reaches 128 (Tab. 2). Species listed by Tvrtkovié et al. (2012), which we have not recorded and were listed only for the Knin area, are excluded from the list. The results of the first study of the Dinara Massif show that the butterfly diversity of this mountain is high and rank it among the richest regions in Croatia (Mihoci et al. 2011). In Croatia, only Mt. Velebit has more recorded species (Mihoci et al. 2007). The butterfly diversity in the other regions of the country, like northern Croatia or Istria, is significantly lower than in the mountain complexes. Mt. Velebit and the Dinara Massif, for example, are influenced by different climate classes and contain numerous habitats, which result in the variety of butterfly species that occur there. The Sgrensen similarity index showed that the most similar areas to the Dinara Massif are Velebit (82.26%), Durmitor (77.52%) and Blidinje (74.89%) (Tab. 3). This could be expected due to the geographic position of Mt. Dinara, which lies between those three areas. Mts Ucka and Biokovo are more isolated from the main Dinaric Arc, and thus have more different fauna. Of the six compared mountain regions, Velebit and Durmitor have the highest num- ber of recorded species (Tab. 3), probably resulting from more surveys in the past (Mihoci et al. 2007; Sijarié et al. 1984). Blidinje (Mts Cvrsnica & Vran complex) and Ucka, with less than 100 recorded species, are probably still insufficiently researched. The situation with Biokovo is probably somewhat different, as it lies outside the main Dinaric chain, and is under a strong influence of the Mediterranean climate, so the 102 recorded species probably represent almost all butterflies present in the area. Although the Dinara Massif in Croatia with its 128 species is probably sufficiently researched, this number should not be considered as final. With our visits we did manage to cover the whole season of butterfly activity, but not in all the different altitudes and habitats. Our estimate is that one could probably expect at least 5- 10% more species for the whole Massif, and a larger number of species for both Mt. Troglav and Mt. Kamesnica. Interesting records Some of the 94 recorded species require special attention. Both Pyrgus sidae (Esper, 1784) and Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, 1839) are considered to be rare and local in Croatia, with only occasional records (Lorkovié 2009). 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TE 39 PIAOSMAL “LL6T Melis ‘9007 ‘Te 12 ISOUIN IC 07 CIOC Te 12 SNOOPER «07 81 CI 11 OI TIOT ‘TE 39 DAOHHAL (99L1 joseujny) snunmos piysapddıyoon 6 (SSZI ‘SnoeuurT) ajowues pıyaapddıy (68LI ‘Sueq) pununıp DoDIJ | $6 (SSLI ‘snaeuurT) PIXU12 vaDIYAay = (SLLI PnunsgpIy>S 19 STUIAT) P1ALA] Dada (SLLT OINULSYIySS a sıusq) agaoyd van jay (SLL1 ‘ladsq) Dundpıp porno Ra (SLI ‘snovuurq) audsouydna D11010g | 06 (SLLI Jonunayryas 2% SIUUIA) 21099, Siyguaag (SSLI snaeuurT]) P1UOYJD] DL1OSST En (QSL] ‘snaeuurT) viydbd siuudsup En (SLLI “IMUIAHIUIS 29 sıusq) DAopund siuudsip (8SLI ‘ (SLLI ‘Ja MULIATIIYIS 2 sıusq) addipp siuudsup (SLI ‘snovuury) wngp-2 n1u0sKjog me diversity of the Dinaric Arc a new hotspot for the butterfly $: Dinara Massif KOREN & LAU 20 (I9L1 “snawuurT) DIup9A1D pydwduouaon | *{ TZ] ZIOT ‘Te 99 SIAOHHAL LLOL tells ‘9007 Te 39 LOY] ZT IT “LI ‘OT «SI ET (SSLI 'snoeuurT) DunAnl pjoruopy en (9EST ‘eIS09) vuidn] ajoydouod{p} | “61 | (FLLI ‘UN A) 4024 ajaydauod«y em (LSLI ‘snlotiqe.) vafo P12121044 ES INNE ZIOT TRIO MAOMAL ELLE QUES] OT | «cl | TIOC "Te 39 9TAOMUA L SOOT Te 12 USIOY TIOT ‘TB 19 DIAOHHAL :S861 DIAOYIOT 2 AOUIPEIIN ‘6007 21AONIOT (S6LI ‘ISUUNIA ap) DIOL DIGAT TIOC ‘TB 19 MAOHHAL :S$6I 91AOYIOT (SLLI “JoT[NULIAIYIS 2% AOUIPEIIN :£/6] AOUIPEIIN 2% SIU9() PSNPOU DI1G247 ZIOT ‘IE 19 DAOMUAL ‘S861 LPs m DIAOMIOT 29 AOUIPEIMN :6007 21AOYIOT “TL: ‘JOFJRU9S-UOILU9H PUDWUOIJO p1g3417 (96LI ‘ISQIOH) SpJow 019847 (QSL ‘SnoevuUrT) 2251] D1G247 = (sogI “odsg) appAına D19247 | “OTT (LLLI ds) sdouob pıgaaz an CLO? Te 39 SAO MIA #97 17 91 clei At (£6LI ‘Snlotiqu A) D7n49/ snudpg | ZIOT ‘I 39 IAONUAL !LL61 Muelis ST TT OC «S| (pOL] ‘snaeuurT) siasiig DAPZDYT) ZIOT ‘IE 39 NAOMIAL !LL6I DUBIIS $86] DIAOHIOT 79 AOUIPEIIA ZIOZ ‘TE 39 DAOMUAL {TT6I IOPNEIS "EL6T AOUIPETIA ‘6007 91AOY10T ZIOT ‘TE 39 DAOMHAL ‘SQ6] DIAOWIOT 2 AOUIPEIN *€L6T AOUIPETN ‘9007 ‘TE 19 OUI z107 „rl ‘1839 HTAOYHAL ‘9007 TRI LOM | HZ “ET IT CPL I LT À (SLLI ‘sniOLIgeg) 20419 visaqulig (SLLI “opnunagpiyos ZIOT ‘IE 39 DAOMHAL „ET 77 2% SIU9(]) Dsny]9. 1D DUDSNYJOAP a aa Be Is] sotmads ‘panunuos 7 'qeL Nota lepid. 36 (2): 109-126 121 Tvrtkovié et al. 2012 LOS 2112 122. | Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, Mihoci et al. 2006; Tvrtkovic et al. 18,22,23 123. | Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, Mladinov 1973; Sijarié 1977; Tvrtkovié et al. 2012 124. | Coenonympha rhodopensis Elwes, 1900 5. | Pyronia tithonius (Linnaeus, 1758) Mihoci et al. 2006; Tvrtkovic et al. 126. | Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758) Sijaric 1977; Tvrtkovié et al. 2012 18, 19, 20 Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767) 12% N — © N Ss _ o nn > © A = > ei Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758) 128. higher altitudes, but records are most common there. Having no recent records for either of the two species in Croatia, these records from the Dinara Mountain chain are important. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, only several records of these species exist, and they are generally local and rare (Lelo 2007b). In nearby Montenegro, these species are more widespread and present on several localities (JakSıc 1988). Arguably the best known European mountain but- terfly, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) has pre- viously been recorded only on the Bosnian side of Troglav (Sıjarıc 1977). Our records prove that this spe- cies is present also on the Croatian side, as it has been recorded both on Troglav and Kamesnica. It can be found on a few mountains in the Gorski Kotar region, as well as on Mt. Velebit (Lorkovic 2009). As this spe- cies was not present on Mt. Biokovo (Mihoci et al. 2011), these records probably represent the southern- most records in Croatia. The most interesting Pieridae species recorded was Pieris balcana (Lorkovic, 1970). The main dis- tinguishable characteristic between P balcana and P. napi is the amount of black or greenish suffusion on the lower side of hindwing. While in P. napi the suffu- sion usually extends to the end of the wing, in P. bal- cana the suffusion ıs limited only to the cell and the beginning of the veins (Lorkovié 1989). Our record represents the only recent record as P. balcana was last recorded more than 20 years ago (Lorkovic 1989). It is probably more common in the area than previous records suggest (Lorkovié 1989), but due to its mor- phology which is very similar to P. napi, it was prob- ably overlooked ın many areas. The closest known lo- calities of this species are Zelengora and Trebevié in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Lorkovié 1989). The closest record in Croatia comes from Trnovac, located about 100 kilometers to the northwest. With our new record from Mt. Troglav, the known range in Croatia is sig- nificantly increased towards the south. lolana iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816) is a Mediter- ranean species, in Croatia distributed mostly in the coastal zones, with rare isolated populations in the continental part (Krémar 2002). In general, this spe- cies is not rare in Croatia, but is mostly local, limited 122 Koren & Laus: Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly diversity of the Dinaric Arc Tab. 3. The Dinaric Mountains with the best-surveyed butterfly faunas, along with the highest altitude, the number of recorded species, and the Sorensen similarity index between Dinara Massif and the other mountain regions. to areas with its larval food plant, Colutea arborescens L. (Leguminosae). We recorded a single male on the foothills of Mt. Dinara, in the area with no larval food plant, so this individual may well represent a wandering individual. Such a case was also recorded on Mt. Velebit (Lorkovic 2009). During our visit to Mt. Troglav in July, special attention was given to searching for eggs of Phengaris alcon (Dennis & Schiffermiiller, 1775) on Gentiana cruciata L. (Gentianaceae). Adults were not recorded probably because it was late in the season, but we managed to find several eggs at two localities on Mt. Troglav. Approximately 20 plants were examined per locality, and on four of them we detected eggs. This spe- cies is probably more common in the area, and more targeted surveys are needed. Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, 1835) is generally considered to be a rare species in Croatia (Mihoci et al. 2006), but recent records (Koren & Ladavac 2010; Koren et al. 2011) indicate that it is probably more common and widespread in the country. The species was recorded on both Troglav and Kameënica in fair numbers. The only lycaenid species recorded during this survey that inhabits only the higher altitudes was Polyommatus eros (Ochsenheimer, 1808). All literature records for this species originate from Mt. Velebit (Grund 1916; Lorkovié 2009; Steiner 1938) and Mt. Dinara, where it was mentioned as “common, but restricted to the highest altitudes” without exact locality (Tvrtkovié et al. 2012). Our record from the border area of Mts Troglav and Kameënica between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina significantly ex- pands the known range in Croatia. This species was common in the area of Mt. Troglav at altitudes above 1500 m. Interestingly, on Mt. KameSnica it was recorded at 800 m a.s.l., which is probably one of the lowest records for this species in general (Tolman & Lewington 2008). While the presence of Polyommatus admetus (Esper, 1785) has previously been confirmed for Mt. Dinara (Koren 2010b), Mt. Kameënica is a new locality. This is the commonest species of “brown” lycaenids in Croatia. It is present in several areas of southern Croatia, and generally local, but occasionally numerous (Koren 2010b). The second species belonging to this group, Polyommatus damon (Denis & Schiffer- miieller, 1775), has been recorded only twice before in Croatia (Koren et al. 2011; Mihoci et al. 2006). The first known locality of this species was Mt. KameSnica (Mihoci et al. 2006), where we confirmed its presence, and we added another locality on Mt. Troglav. Both populations from Mts KameSnica and Troglav were very numerous (Fig. 3), with Nota lepid. 36 (2): 109-126 123 a high number of recorded specimens. For example, on Mt. Troglav, in a small surface area of 2x2 m°, more than 20 individuals were counted resting at sunset. Probably one of the most interesting findings was Polyommatus ripartii (Frey- er, 1830). This species was only recently confirmed for the butterfly fauna of Croa- tia (Koren 2010a). During our survey we recorded it on both Mt. KameSnica and Mt. Troglav. In contrast to PL damon, P. ri- partii was very rare on Troglav, and only a single specimen was recorded. On the oth- er hand, on Mt. KameSnica the population was very numerous, and more than 50 in- dividuals were observed during our visits. These two records significantly expand the known distribution of this species in Croatia towards the south. In neighbour- ul | Ba ing Bosnia and Herzegovina, this species Fig. 3. Polyommatus damon resting on grass, Mt. 1s also considered to be rare, with only a Troglav. single confirmed record (Lelo 2007a). One of the most interesting recorded nymphalid species was Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763). The main area of occurrence of this species in Croatia is the northern part of the country, with just a few records from the southern part. The closest record of this species originates from Mt. Dinara (Tvrtkovic et al. 2012). Only a single individual was observed on Mt. Kameënica. From the 7 recorded species of the genus Erebia, probably the most notable re- cord is that of Erebia triaria (de Prunner, 1798). This species was recorded previously from the area of Dinara (Lorkovié 2009; Mladinov & Lorkovié 1985; Tvrtkovié et al. 2012) and until now remained the only known locality in Croatia. Due to the unusually early flight period (May), and similar appearance to that of Erebia medusa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), this species is easily overlooked. We observed this species on two localities on Dinara, where it was relatively numerous. Of the 94 recorded species, several are of conservation concern. Some of the species are listed on the Red list of butterflies of Croatia (Saëié & Kuëinié 2004) as Critically endangered (CR), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), or Data Deficient (DD): Phengaris alcon (CR); Parnassius apollo (VU); Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758), Zerynthia polyxena (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761), Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771) (NT); and Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865), Erebia medusa, Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775), Melitaea britomartis Assmann, 1847 and Proterebia afra (Fabricius, 1787) (DD). Ten recorded species are listed as Near Threatened in the European Red Butterfly list (van Swaay et al. 2010): Parnassius apollo, Parnassius mnemosyne, lolana iolas, 124 Koren & Laus: Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly diversity of the Dinaric Arc Polyommatus damon, Polyommatus dorylas (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775), Polyom- matus eros, Pseudophilotes vicrama, Chazara briseis (Linnaeus, 1764), Hipparchia fa- gi (Scopoli, 1763) and Melitaea britomartis. Altogether, 17 species are listed in one of the mentioned red lists. This, along with previously mentioned interesting species records, shows the importance and diversi- ty of the surveyed area. Some species recorded during previous surveys, especially by Tvrtkovic et al. (2012), were not confirmed during our research. The comparison of our results with the literature is somewhat difficult, as we mostly concentrated on Mts KamesSnica and Troglav, while Tvrtkovic et al. (2012) concentrated mostly on Mt. Dinara. However, the differences in recorded number of species are not surprising, as the Dinara Massif is a large region, with a high number of different habitats, and we managed to visit only a small part of it. Future visits to the same localities, but in differ- ent months, should yıeld higher number of species for each surveyed locality. Conclusions The Dinara Massif, which includes four main mountains (Ilica, Dinara, Troglav and Kamesnica), is certainly one of the richest areas in the Dinaric Arc in terms of butterfly diversity. With our records and the literature records, a total of 128 species is known for the area. This number will probably grow in the future, and more new records are to be expected. Special attention should be given to Ilica Mountain, for which no data on but- terfly diversity are available. One of the reasons why these mountains were not recently surveyed is their inaccessibility, especially due to the minefields left after the last war. 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Atlas dnevnih metuljev (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Slovenije [Atlas of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Slovenia] — Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Miklavz na Dravskem polju. 456 pp. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 127-136 127 Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera collected from arctic tundra in European Russia JAAKKO KULLBERG!, Boris Yu. Fitippov’, NATALIA A. ZUBRIJ? & MIKHAIL V. KozLov* ! Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland ? Department of Zoology and Ecology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Lomonosova 4, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia 3 Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia * Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; mikoz@utu.fi (corresponding author) Received 23 Aprıl 2013; reviews returned 20 May 2013; accepted 21 May 2013. Subject Editor: Lauri Kaila. Abstract. The insect fauna of European arctic tundra is seriously understudied in contrast to the well- documented subarctic Fennoscandian fauna. We report the results of a survey made on Kara Sea coast near Amderma (N 69°46’, E 61°40’) from 18 June to 3 August 2012. This survey yielded 156 specimens of 29 species of Lepidoptera, 16 of which are new for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Noteworthy is the dis- covery of Gnorimoschema vastificum Braun, 1929, so far known only from North America. Two Holarctic species, Greya variabilis Davis & Pellmyr, 1992 and Udea alaskalis (Gibson, 1920), and four Palaearctic species, Eucosma ommatoptera Falkovitsh, 1965, Pediasia zellerella (Staudinger, 1899), Udea uralica Slamka, 2013 (recently described from the Asiatic slopes of Polar Ural Mts) and Xanthorhoe uralensis Choi, 2003, are for the first time reported from Europe (in the strict geographical sense). The fauna of the surroundings of Amderma is dominated by Holarctic species, most of which are confined to tundra habitats. Introduction Arctic habitats have always fascinated entomologists, although only a few of them were ready to spend several months in hostile and mosquito-infested tundra environ- ments ın order to collect a few dozens of moths and butterflies. Therefore the faunis- tic data on Lepidoptera from the European Arctic are scarce, except for the relatively well-known but species-poor and isolated Svalbard Archipelago with only three lo- cal species (Coulson 2007). Historical data exist for Novaya Zemlya (Jacobson 1898; Rebel 1923), with 14 species included in the recent version of the Fauna Europaea (Karsholt et al. 2012). The Finnish entomologist Poppius (1906) reported 27 species of Lepidoptera from the Kanin Peninsula. Recently, Bolotov (2011) discovered in the Kanin Peninsula 29 species of butterflies, 14 of which were collected in Arctic tundra. He also reported six species of butterflies from the Kolguev Island north of the Kanin Peninsula (Bolotov 2011). Further to the East, in the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, the region administratively belonging to the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Komi, Tatarinov and Kulakova (2005) recorded 61 species of butterflies. We are not aware of any data on Lepidoptera from the Yugorsky Peninsula, which lies very close to the north-eastern corner of continental Europe. In summer of 2012, the Northern (Arctic) Federal University situated in Arkhangelsk organised an expedition to Amderma. Although the expedition focused on the investi- Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 128 KULLBERG et al.: Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera from arctic tundra in European Russia gation of ground beetles (Carabidae), it also resulted in the collection of representative material of Lepidoptera. Keeping in mind the acute shortage of faunistic information from the arctic regions of European Russia we publish the list of collected species along with short comments. Material Amderma (N 69°46’, E 61°40’) is a small, nowadays nearly abandoned settlement in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug within the Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. It is located in Yugorsky Peninsula at the coast of the Kara Sea (Fig. 1), within the zone of low-shrub tundra (as defined by Walker et al. 2005). July is warmest with an average temperature of 7.3°C, and January is coldest with an average temperature of —21.3°C; annual pre- cipitation amounts 326 mm. Moths and butterflies were generally collected within 10 km distance from Amderma; therefore we do not report an exact sampling site. This area (5 to 70 m in elevation) is mostly covered by different types of tundra, but also includes meadows associated with small rivers and ravines, and bogs (Figs 2—5). Description of the vegetation in 14 plots of 10 x 10 msize revealed 96 species of vascular plants, among which the most common were Dryas octopetala L. (Rosaceae), Carex norvegica Retz. (Cyperaceae), Myosotis caespitosa Schultz (Boraginaceae), Pachypleurum alpinum Ledeb. (Apiaceae), Poa al- pina L. (Poaceae), Salix arctica Pallas, S. lanata L., S. polaris Wahlenb. and S. reticu- lata L. (Salicaceae). Species richness of vascular plants within a plot varied from 7 to 37 species (the mean being 18 species), and vegetation cover varied from 40 to 98% (the mean being 80%). Moths and butterflies were searched for during regular excursions from 18 June to 3 August 2012 and collected by netting. Some specimens were sampled from plants. Sweep-netting brought no results. Lepidopteran larvae were also collected by pitfall trapping, but this material is not yet identified. The specimens are deposited in the Finnish Natural History Museum (Helsinki). In the following list, an asterisk (*) denotes species that have not yet been recorded from Europe in the strict geographical sense, i.e. from areas to the west from the divid- ing ridge of the Polar Ural Mts. This is done to minimize the possibility of confusion between geographical, biogeographical and administrative borders; our approach in no way compromises the understanding of the European fauna as accepted by Fauna Europaea, the project which covers the entire Ural Mts and does not follow regional borders (Karsholt et al. 2012). Note that in the checklist of the Lepidoptera of Russia (Sinev 2008) the entire regions 5 and 6 (jointly including Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Republic of Komi) belong to Europe, as well as the westernmost parts of the regions 15 (Northern Ural Mts) and 18 (Yamalo-Nenetskij Autonomous Okrug), whereas the eastern parts of regions 15 and 18 belong to Asia. A degree sign (°) indicates species that are for the first time reported from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (region 5 in Sinev 2008). An exclamation mark (!) indicates species that had not been included in the Fauna Europaea (Karsholt et al. 2012) by April 1, 2013. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 127-136 129 Figs 2-5. Examples of habitats near Amderma. 2. Alpine meadow near small river. 3. Alpine meadow on south-facing slope. 4. Willow-Dryas tundra. 5. Meadow on sandy soils, with a bog behind. 130 KULLBERG et al.: Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera from arctic tundra in European Russia List of species PRODOXIDAE *!Greya variabilis Davis & Pellmyr, 1992 Carex-moss bog, 9.vii, 2 exx. This Holarctic species was described from North America in 1992 and later on reported from the Chukchi Peninsula (Kozlov 1996) and Taimyr Peninsula (Kozlov et al. 2006). In the Palaearctic it is known only from tundra, but in the Nearctic it occurs also in moist coniferous forests. TINEIDAE °Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823) Indoors, 3.vili, 2 exx. Synantropic species that was originally confined to the western Palaearctic, but is now introduced to all regions. PLUTELLIDAE Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) Willow-moss tundra, 22.vi, 2 exx. Willow-grass tundra, 7.vii, 1 ex. Cosmopolitan. Gen- erally considered as migrant in the Arctic (Makarova et al. 2012). GELECHIIDAE *! Gnorimoschema vastificum Braun, 1929 Fig. 6 Stony willow tundra, 9.vii, 12 exx. The species is similar to G. bodillum Karsholt & Nielsen, 1974 described from coastal sand dune areas of the North Sea. The morphologi- cal similarity between G. vastificum and G. bodillum had been already noted by Povolny (2002) and O. Karsholt (pers. comm.). However, the moths from Amderma differ from both these species by black forewings with few scattered whitish and orange brown scales, while both legs and the underside of the body are covered mainly by whitish scales. Our identification is primarily based on the results of DNA sequencing: our specimen is placed within a clade consisting of several dozens of specimens of G. vastificum from Canada and Alaska, but substantially differs from G. bodillum from Denmark (J.-F. Landry, V. Na- zari & M. Mutanen, unpublished data in BOLD). It may indeed happen that the specimens from sandy riverbank in Taymyr Peninsula, identified as G. bodillum by Bidzilya (2005), belong to the same taxon, because the moths from Taimyr were almost black in con- trast to sandy brownish colouration of the Danish specimens. Interestingly, the habitat in Amderma does not include open sands, but tundra with Salix arctica and S. rotundifolia. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 127-136 131 °Bryotropha galbanella (Zeller, 1839) Willow-Dryas tundra, 29.vii, 5 exx.; 9.vii, 1 ex. Stony willow tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. Stony Arctous-Empetrum tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. Willow-grass tundra, 7.vii, 1 ex. Holarctic boreal species living on mosses. TORTRICIDAE Apotomis frigidana (Packard, 1867) Stony shrubby tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. Willow-Dryas tundra, 29.vii, 1 ex. Infrequent Hol- arctic species, which is not recorded in Fennoscandia. Argyroploce noricana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) Alpine meadow, 29.vi, 1 ex.; 7.vu, 1 ex.; 17.v1, 6 exx.; 19.vil, 2 exx. Stony shrub- by tundra, 7.vu, 1 ex. Rubus chamaemorus-sedge bog, 9.vil, 1 ex. Dryas-moss tun- dra, 9.vii, 25 exx. Stony dwarf shrub tundra, 17.vu, 3 ex. Willow-Dryas tundra, 9.vii, 2 exx.; 19.vii, 1 ex.; 29.vii, 1 ex. This European arctoalpine species whose larvae feed on Dryas was most common in the study area, where the moths were observed on flow- ers of Polygonum viviparum. Phiaris inquietana (Walker, 1863) Willow-Dryas tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. This Holarctic arctoalpine tundra species in Europe has only been found in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Sinev 2008) and Polar Ural Mts (Polyarnyi Ural station: J. K., pers. obs.). Phiaris obsoletana (Zetterstedt, 1839) Alpine meadow, 7.vii, 1 ex.; 17.vil, 1 ex. Carex-moss bog, 9.vii, 2 exx. Meadow on sandy soil in a ravine, 11.vii, 1 ex. Sedge-moss bog, 19.vii, 1 ex. Dryas-moss tundra, 29.vil, 1 ex. Willow-Dryas tundra, 19.vii, 1 ex. Palaearctic boreomontane species typi- cal for boreal bogs. Phiaris turfosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) Stony willow tundra, 19.vii, 1 ex. Holarctic boreomontane species typical for boreal bogs. Gypsonoma parryana (Curtis, 1835) Alpine meadow, 7.vii, 5 exx.; 17.vil, 3 exx. Willow-grass tundra, 7.vii, 4 exx. Willow- Dryas tundra, 7.vii, 1 ex.; 9.vii, 2 exx.; 19.vil, 1 ex.; 29.vii, 1 ex. Dryas-moss tundra, l.vii, 3 exx. Holarctic tundra species which in Europe has only been reported from Novaya Zemlya (Rebel 1923). *!Eucosma ommatoptera Falkovitsh, 1965 Meadow on sandy soil in a ravine, 27.vi, 1 ex. Alpine meadow, 7.vii, 1 ex. Willow- 132 KULLBERG et al.: Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera from arctic tundra in European Russia Dryas tundra, 29.vu, 1 ex. Earlier reported from Taimyr (Kozlov et al. 2006) and the Russian Far East, from Chukotka to Primorye region (Sinev 2008). PTEROPHORIDAE °Platyptilia calodactyla (Denis & Schiffermiiller, 1775) Carex-moss bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Sedge-moss bog, 19.vii, 1 ex. A widely distributed Palaearctic species. °!Paraplatyptilia sibirica Zagulajev, 1983 Carex-moss bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Sedge-moss bog, 19.vii, 1 ex. Palaearctic tundra spe- cies which in Europe has only been reported from the north-eastern part of the Komi Republic (Sinev 2008). PYRALIDAE °Catastia kistrandella Opheim, 1963 Dryas-moss tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex.; 29.vii, 1 ex. Palaearctic subalpine and tundra species which is distributed from northern Fennoscandia to Chukotka. * Pediasia zellerella (Staudinger, 1899) Carex-moss bog, 9.vil, 2 exx. Sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Alpine meadow, 17.vii, 1 ex. Described from Altai Mts; recently found in Taymyr (Kozlov et al. 2006). Common in surroundings of Vorkuta in the north-eastern corner of European Russia and in Polar Ural Mts (J. K., pers. obs.). *! Udea alaskalis (Gibson, 1920) Fig. 7 Alpine meadow, 29.vi, 1 ex. Willow-grass tundra, 7.vii, 1 ex. High arctic species de- scribed from Alaska, which in Palaearctic has been reported only from Chukotka (Sinev 2008). The species is closely related to U. torvalis (Môschler) occurring in the Nearctic and Greenland. *!Udea uralica Slamka, 2013 Willow-grass tundra, 17.vi1, 2 exx. The species has recently been described from the Asiatic slopes of Polar Ural Mts (Slamka 2013); it is also known from the Altai and Sayan Mts (S. Sinev, pers. comm. ). PIERIDAE Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) Ruderal habitat, 27.vi, 1 ex. Palaearctic, most likely a migrant. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 127-136 133 GEOMETRIDAE Psychophora sabini (Kirby, 1824) Willow-moss tundra, 22.vi, 2 exx. Holarctic species. *Xanthorhoe uralensis Choi, 2003 Alpine meadow, 29.vi, 3 exx. Sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. A recently described species (Choi 2003), which was so far known only from Krasnyi Kamen in the eastern (Asiatic) slopes of the Polar Ural Mts but was attributed to the European fauna by Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012). A member of the taxonomically challenging Holarctic X. incursata group consisting of several closely related allopatric taxa: Central European X. incur- sata (Hübner, 1813), Fennoscandian X. annotinata (Zetterstedt, 1839), X. pseudoan- notinata Vasilenko, 2007 from South Urals, south Siberian X. sajanaria (Prout, 1914) and east Siberian X. derzhavini (Djakonov, 1931). Entephria punctipes (Curtis, 1835) Rubus chamaemorus-sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Nival meadow, 19.vii, 2 exx. Willow-Dryas tundra, 29.vii, 1 ex. Holarctic species. °Dysstroma pseudimmanata (Heydemann, 1929) Sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. The only previous record from Europe originates from South Ural Mts (Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012); also found in Polar Ural Mts near Krasnyı Kamen (J. K., pers. obs.). Widely distributed through Siberia to Kamchatka and Japan; recently, on the basis of mtDNA analysis, reported from North America (Hausmann & Vudalepp 2012). EREBIDAE °Pararctia subnebulosa tundrana Tshistjakov, 1990 Willow-grass tundra, 7.vii, 1 ex. A Holarctic tundra species, which in Europe has only been found in the easternmost part of the Republic of Komi (Polyarnyı Ural station: Tatarınov et al. 2003). Nominal subspecies described from North America. NOCTUIDAE °Syngrapha hochenwarthi (Hochenwarth, 1785) Meadow on sandy soil in a ravine, 27.vii, 1 ex. A subalpine Holarctic species. "Sympistis zetterstedtii (Staudinger, 1857) Dryas-moss tundra, 18.vi, 1 ex. Sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Dryas-moss tundra, 9.vii, 2 exx. Willow-Dryas tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex.; 19.vii, 4 exx.; 29.vii, 1 ex. Rubus chamaemorus- 134 KULLBERG et al.: Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera from arctic tundra in European Russia sedge bog, 29.vii, 1 ex. Alpine meadow, 8.vili, 1 ex. The taxonomic status of this Holarctic species is controversial. We accept it after Lafontaine & Schmidt (2013) who consider S. zetterstedtii as a northern Holarctic species which is separate of S. nigrita occurring in Alps. Polia richardsoni (Curtis, 1835) Alpine meadow, 29.vii, 1 ex. Holarctic, circumpolar. Xestia liquidaria (Eversmann, 1848) Carex-moss bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Rubus chamaemorus-sedge bog, 9.vii, 1 ex. Stony wil- low tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. Willow-Dryas tundra, 9.vii, 1 ex. Holarctic species with partly brachypterous females, earlier known in Europe only from Novaya Zemlya (Rebel 1923). This typical arctic tundra species was described originally as a geometroid moth from “Steppen der Kirgisen” (mainly Kazakhstan) which is an obvious mislabelling (Fibiger 1993) as there are no suitable habitats. Xestia quieta (Hiibner, 1813) Alpine meadow, 29.vi, 1 ex. A typical Holarctic species inhabiting stony scree slopes in Fennoscandia and Polar Ural Mts. Discussion Although the number of Lepidoptera species collected from the arctic tundra sur- rounding Amderma is relatively low, the discovered fauna shows an unexpectedly high (1.64) ratio between the numbers of so-called ‘microlepidoptera’ to ‘macrolep- idoptera’. This ratio is even higher than in the Murmansk region of Russia (1.52: Kozlov & Kullberg 2010), the lepidopteran fauna of which is best studied among the regions of Russia (Sinev 2008). This finding strongly suggests that the extremely low proportion of ‘microlepidoptera’ reported so far from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (0.59: Sinev 2008) reflects the insufficient level of knowledge due to common sam- pling bias towards ‘macrolepidoptera’, rather than predominance of the latter group in the arctic fauna. The largest part of Lepidoptera recorded in Amderma (19 species; 66%) is wide- ly distributed, with 17 species having a Holarctic range, and two being cosmopolitan (Plutella xylostella, Tineola bisselliella). This proportion may appear even higher, be- cause some Palaearctic species, like Catastia kistrandella (distributed from Northern Fennoscandia to Chukotka), are likely to be discovered in North America, too. In this respect the fauna of Amderma resembles the fauna of Taimyr, which included 45% of Holarctic and cosmopolitan species (Kozlov et al. 2006). The difference between the faunas of Amderma and Taimyr can be attributed to the presence of boreal forests in the southern parts of Taimyr Peninsula, while Amderma is located in arctic tundra. Consequently, about one third of species collected from Amderma were not found out- side the tundra habitats (including those confined to alpine regions). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 127-136 135 Figs 6, 7. Interesting species collected from Amderma. 6. Gnorimoschema vastificum Braun, 1929. 7. Udea alaskalis (Gibson, 1920). Surprisingly, seven of the 29 species collected from Amderma are new for Europe (in the strict geographical sense), including Gnorimoschema vastificum which is new for the entire Palaearctic region. However, since the fauna of Ural Mts hardly differs on European and Asiatic sides, the finding of two of these species (Udea uralica and Xanthorhoe uralensis) in Europe was quite predictable, as they were already known from the Asiatic slopes of Polar Ural Mts. More than a half (16 of 29) species collected from Amderma appeared new for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, thus increasing the number of species recorded in this region from 108 (Sinev 2008) to 124. The records of the expedition to Amderma revealed how easy it is to discover new and unexpected species of Lepidoptera for Europe in the tundra of European Russia if you just get there. Only a handful of locations scattered over the vast area covered by tundra in the north-eastern part of Europe have been collected until the present day (and even then only poorly sampled). The opening of the Iron Curtain has not much encour- aged the entomological studies of the Russian polar regions even in the light of actively continuing international debates on global warming. The effects of this phenomenon on insect fauna are expressed, in particular, in shifting the distributional range of but- terflies towards the North (Parmesan et al. 1999). Therefore we are in serious danger of losing the knowledge of the present distribution of Lepidoptera species in the area where the global effect is hitting hard and the expected warming may move species distributions hundreds of kilometres towards the north. Acknowledgements We are grateful to V. Zverev for preparation of illustrations, to A. Lvovsky, S. Sinev and V. Dubatolov for providing us with information on localities and species distribution, to L. Kaila and O. Karsholt for helpful comments, to M. Mutanen for discussing the results of DNA barcoding of the specimen of Gnorimoschema vastificum, and to J.-F. Landry and V. Nazari for their permission to use unpublished data. The work was financially supported by the Federal State Program of Russia 14.A18.21.0112 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 12-04-31991 and 11-04-98814) and by a strategic research grant from the Uni- versity of Turku. 136 KULLBERG et al.: Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera from arctic tundra in European Russia References Bidzilya, A. V. 2005. On the distribution of Gelechiid Moths (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) in Siberia. Con- tribution 2. — Proceedings of Zoological Museum, Taras Shevchenko National University in Kiev 3: 7-19. [In Russian, English summary]. Bolotov, I. N. 2011. 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S. D. M. de Jong 2012. Lepidoptera, Moths. — Fauna Europaea version 2.5, http://www.faunaeur.org. Kozlov, M. V. 1996. Incurvariidae and Prodoxidae (Lepidoptera) from Siberia and the Russian Far East, with descriptions of three new species. — Entomologica Fennica 7: 55-62. Kozlov, M. V., J. Kullberg & V. V. Dubatolov 2006. Lepidoptera of the Taymyr Peninsula, northwestern Siberia. — Entomologica Fennica 17: 136-152. Kozlov, M. V. & J. Kullberg 2010. New and interesting records of Lepidoptera from the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia, in 2000-2009. — Entomologica Fennica 21: 254-272. Lafontaine, J. D. & B. C. Schmidt 2013. Comments on differences in classification of the superfamily Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) between Eurasia and North America. — ZooKeys 264: 209-217. Makarova, O. L., A. V. Sviridov & M. A. Klepikov 2012. Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of polar deserts. — Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 91: 1043—1057. [In Russian]. Parmesan, C., N. Ryrholm, C. Stefanescu, J. K. Hill, C. D. Thomas, H. Descimon, B. Huntley, L. Kaila, J. Kullberg, T. Tammaru, W. J. Tennent, J. A. Thomas & M. Warren 1999. Poleward shifts in geographi- cal ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. — Nature 399: 579—583. Poppius, B. R. 1906. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren-Fauna der Halbinsel Kanin. — Acta Socie- tatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 28 (3): 1-11. Povolny, D. 2002. Iconographia tribus Gnorimoschemini (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) regionis Palaearcti- cae. — Franisek Slamka, Bratislava. 110 pp. Rebel, H. 1923. Lepidoptera von Novaja Semlja. — Report of the Scientific Results of the Norwegian Ex- pedition to Novaya Zemlya 1921, 7: 1—15. Sinev, S. Yu. (ed.) 2008. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. - KMK Scientific Press, St. Petersburg & Moscow. 424 pp. [In Russian. ] Slamka, F. 2013. Pyraloidea of Europe, Vol. 3, Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae — F. Slamka, Bratislava. 357 pp. Tatarinov, A. G. & O. I. Kulakova 2005. Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra in the northeast of the European part of Russia. — Euroasian Entomological Journal 4: 331—337. Tatarinov, A. G., K. F. Sedykh & M. M. Dolgin 2003. Higher heteroceran Lepidoptera. Fauna of the Euro- pean North-East of Russia, Vol. 7, pt. 2. — Nauka, Moscow. 223 pp. [In Russian. ] Walker, D. A., M. K. Raynolds, F. J. A. Daniéls, E. Einarsson, A. Elvebakk, W. A. Gould, A. E. Katenin, S. S. Kholod, C. J. Markon, E. S. Melnikov, N. G. Moskalenko, S. S. Talbot, B. A. Yurtsev & the other members of the CAVM Team 2005. The Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map. — Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 267-282. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 137 Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories (Kazakhstan), including systematic notes about the Erebia callias group NIKOLAI I. RUBIN ! & ROMAN V. YAKOVLEV? ! Popovicha lane 5-33, Grodno, 230029, Belarus; entobel@tut.by 2 Altai State University, South-Siberian Botanical Garden, Lenina pr. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia; cossus_cossus@mail.ru Received 23 May 2013; reviews returned 12 August 2013; accepted 9 September 2013. Subject Editor: Zdenék F. Fric. Abstract. A checklist of Papilionoidea of the Saur Mountains is presented with 159 butterfly species (Hesperiidae: 15; Papilionidae: 7; Pieridae: 17; Nymphalidae: 71; Lycaenidae: 49). The specific status of Erebia sibirica Staudinger, 1881 is confirmed. Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758), Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837), Phengaris alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Aricia nicias (Meigen, 1829) are reported for the Saur for the first time. Introduction The Saur is a small mountain range which is a part of the Tarbagataı mountain system; it is situated on the border between Eastern Kazakhstan and China south-eastwards from Zaisan lake and the Black Irtysh River (Figs 1—6). To the north it is bordered by the Zaisan depression, and the Chilikty depression separates it from the Tarbagatai in the south. In its western part the Saur is in contact with the small Manrak range and in the north-eastern part with the Saikan range. The Saur stretches 140 km from the west to the east and reaches an altitude of 3816 m (Muztau Mt.). Average temperature in January is —20°C, in July +22°C. Annual average precipitation is 350-500 mm. The humidity rises with altitude, and the temperature falls. The snow line is situated at an altitude of 3300 m in the Saur, and hence its peaks are always covered by snow. Glaciers are situated in the Muztau Mt; the largest one reaches an area of 4-5 km’. The north foot of the Saur up to 700 m belongs to the semi-desert zone where semi- desert plants grow on solonetzic chestnut soil. In the mountains north slopes are cov- ered by mountain forests consisting of Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Abies sibirica Ledeb. and Picea tianschanica Rupr. (Bykov) (Pinaceae) (Bolshakov 1987), meadows and thick brakes with Berberis (Berberidaceae), Daphne (Thymelaeaceae), Spiraea, Cra- taegus, Rosa (all Rosaceae) etc. South expositions are covered by mountain steppes and semi-deserts. Alpine meadows, stony mountain tundras and glaciers are situated on the crests. The hydrographic network is developed very well; the main rivers are Zhemenei and Uidene. The biogeographic affiliation of the Saur is controversial. In the beginning of the last century the Saur was regarded as part of Dzhungaria and even Tien-Shan, but later the Saur and Tarbagatai were considered as a separate mountain biogeographic regions on a level with the Altai, Dzhungarsky Alatau and Tien-Shan. De Lattin (1967) includ- Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 138 Ruin & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories ed Saur Mountains in “Turkestanische Zentrum, Tarbagataische Sekundärzentrum”. Emeljanov (1974) clearly placed it as “Tarbagatai subregion of Altai complex region of Westscythian subprovince of Scythian province”. Kryzhanovsky (2002) included Saur in the “Kazakhstanian province of Centralasian superprovince”. Maloletko (1999) argued that the Saur and the Tarbagatai belong to the system of the Altai mountains and this view was held by leading Russian botanists (Kamelin 2005) who include these ridges within the Altai-Dzhungarian biogeographical region. Later some entomologists working on the fauna of the Altai mountain system accepted the demarcation of the Altai as suggested by phytogeographs (Volynkin & Matov 2011; Yakovlev 2012). Our opinion agrees with this latter demarcation and is confirmed by the absence of some Dzhungarian taxa in the fauna of the Saur and Tarbagatai: the family Riodinidae, the genera Marginarge Korb, 2005 and Karanasa Moore, 1893 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), and the subgenus Koramius Moore, 1902 (Papilionidae). Additionally, there are many typical Siberian species and species with arcto-alpine disjunction in the fauna of the Saur and Tarbagatai where they occur in the south- ernmost edge of their distributions. The most typical examples are Parnassius ten- edius Eversmann, 1851 (Papilionidae), Clossiana freija (Thunberg, 1791), C. frigga (Thunberg, 1791), Boloria altaica Grum-Grzhimailo, 1893, Euphydryas iduna (Dalman, 1816), Mellicta menetriesi Caradja, 1895 (Nymphalidae), and Agriades glandon (de Prunner, 1798) (Lycaenidae). Most of them have well-differentiated subspecies in the fauna of the Saur and Tarbagatai (e.g., C. frigga annae Suschkin, 1906, E. iduna jacob- soni Yakovlev, 2011, M. menetriesi saurica Yakovlev, 2007, Agriades glandon rubini Churkin, 2007). In our opinion, one of the most important points in the analysis of faunistic similarities and differences, and analyses of their origin, is the evaluation of the relationships of endemic species. The majority of endemics of the Saur and Tarbagatai (Erebia haberhaueri Staudinger, 1881, E. sibirica Staudinger, 1881, Oeneis fulla (Eversmann, 1851), O. mulla Staudinger, 1881 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)) are closely related to Siberian species. However, the most traditional opinion is that biota of the Saur and Tarbagatai have intermediate positions between biotas of the mountains of Siberia and Central Asia (Yakovlev & Guskova 2012). The history of the study of butterflies from the Saur Mountains One of the collectors employed by E. Eversmann was the first person who collected butterflies in the Saur Mts (or in the regions adjacent to the Saur) but now it is impos- sible to state who it actually was. It is known that the collector Pavel Romanov worked approximately in this region (Altai, SW Siberia) in 1840—1843. Specimens also might come from Alexander Schrenck. E. Eversmann (1843, 1851) described Pontia leucodi- ce Eversmann, 1843 (Pieridae), Hipparchia sunbecca Eversmann, 1843 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Lycaena pheretiades Eversmann, 1843 (Lycaenidae) and Hipparchia fulla Eversmann, 1851 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the area of Noor-Saisan. The first systematic collecting of Lepidoptera in the Saur was undertaken by J. Haberhauer in 1877—1878. Materials from his collecting trip were the basis for the Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 139 works of Speyer (1879) and Staudinger (1881, 1892). Several new taxa of Papilionoidea were described from the Saur: Pyrgus antonia Speyer, 1879, P. staudingeri Speyer, 1879 (Hesperiidae) (Speyer 1879), Erebia tyndarus Esp. var. sibirica Staudinger, 1881, Erebia pawlowskyi Men. var. haberhaueri Staudinger, 1881, Oeneis mulla Staudinger, 1881 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Lyc.[aena] miris Staudinger, 1881 (Lycaenidae) (Staudinger 1881) and Coen.[onympha] iphis Schiff. var. iphina Staudinger, 1892 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) (Staudinger 1892). Approximately at the same time the Saur was visited by the Rtickbeil brothers whose specimens are still deposited in the col- lection of O. Staudinger and others. Later several taxa were described based on these specimens: Parnassius apollo tarbagataica Verity, 1911 (Papilionidae) and Plebeius zephyrinus tarbagataiensis Balint, [1993] (Lycaenidae) (Verity 1911; Balint et al. [1993]). In the beginning of the 20th century expeditions lead by S. Tshetverikov and P. Sushkin in 1904 and A. Jacobson ın 1910 collected a large amount of material. Specimens collected on these trips are still deposited in the collection of ZISP. P. Sushkin (1906, 1909) described the subspecies Argynnis frigga annae (Nymphalidae) and Lycaena cyane tarbagata (Lycaenidae); later the type series of the latter taxon was revised (along with designation of a lectotype) by P. Bogdanov (2003). In addition, members of the expedition lead by the Russian geographer V. Sapozhnikov collected in Saur in 1904; specimens collected during this trip are deposited now in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Tomsk University and they are severely damaged. During the Soviet period the Saur was repeatedly visited by amateur entomolo- gists — a large number of specimens is stored in private collections. Based on specimens collected by V. K. Tuzov two conspecific taxa were described — Cupido minimus tusovi Lukhtanov, 1994 = Cupido tuzovi Zhdanko, 1994 [1996] (Lycaenidae) (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994; Zhdanko 1994 [1996]). In the book by V. and A. Lukhtanov (1994), distribution maps of all taxa which inhabit the Russian and Kazakh part of the Altai are given, including species inhabiting the Saur. V. A. Lukhtanov (1990, 1999) de- scribed Glaucopsyche argali arkhar Lukhtanov, 1990 (Lycaenidae) and Parnassius Phoebus sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999 (Papilionidae) based on specimens collected during his trips. S. Churkin gave some data on the distribution of Satyrinae and Lycaenidae in the Saur (along with the description of the new subspecies Agriades glandon rubini Churkin, 2005) (Lycaenidae) in several publications (Churkin 2005a, b, 2006). A. B. Zhdanko (2005) also provided data on the Saur in his paper on the butterfly fauna of Kazakhstan. Euphydryas laeta calima Bolshakov & Korb, 2012 (Nymphalidae) was described based on material from the Saur collected by P. Suschkin and A. Jacobson (Bolshakov & Korb 2012). Authors of the present study repeatedly worked in the Saur and adjacent regions. R. Yakovlev visited this region in 2000-2003 and 2011-2012, N. Rubin collected there in 2003, 2006 and 2011. Partial results of these collecting trips have already been pro- cessed. Two new species were recorded for the Saur for the first time: Parnassius ten- edius Eversmann, 1851 (Papilionidae) and Leptidea morsei (Fenton, 1881) (Pieridae) (Yakovlev 2002). Localities of Tongeia fischeri were shown in detail (Yakovlev 2003). Later (Yakovlev 2004, 2007, 2011), three subspecies were described — Pieris napi 140 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories sauron Yakovlev, 2004 (Pieridae), Melitaea centralasiae saurica Yakovlev, 2007, and Euphydryas iduna jacobsoni Yakovlev, 2011 (Nymphalidae). In the present work we present the full list of Papilionoidea taxa which are known from the Saur and adjacent territories: the Monrak and Saykan ridges, the south part of the Zaisan valley and the Chilikty valley. It is important to note that here we consider only the Kazakh part of the territory whereas the Chinese part still remains completely unknown. List of collecting localities and dates by authors (Fig. 1) M1 Manrak Mts, 20 km SW Zaisan, 23 -24.v.2000, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; M2 Manrak Mts, 30 km W Zaisan, 18—19.v.2001, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; M3 Manrak Mts, near Kensai, N 47°25’, E 84°39", 2.vi.2002, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; M4 Manrak Mts, near Zhanaul vill., 1100 m, N 47°14’, E 84°35’, 3.v1.2002, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; MS — E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18’40”, E 84°36'42”, 1300 m a.s.l., 31.v., 1-4.v1.2006, 27—29.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin; 7.v1.2012, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; M6 NE Manrak Mt. R., Saryshyi environs, 700-900 m a.s.l., 04—05.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; M8 NW Manrak Mt. R., Kusty River valley, 700-800 m a.s.l., 27.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin; S1 Saur Mts, 20 km S Zaisan, 25.v.2000, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; S2 Saur Mts, 10 km S Charchutsu, 26.v.2000, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; S3 Saur Mts, near Chagan-Obo, 1600-1800 m, N 47°02’, E 84°54’, 4—6.v1.2002, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; S4 Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1200-1300 m a.s.l., 18- 19.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; S5 Saur Mt. R., Alatai Pass environs, 1500-1900 m a.s.l., 19-20.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; N 47°18’; E 85°08’, 23.vii.2011, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; S6 Saur Mt. R., 2 km W Alatai Pass, 1800-2000 m a.s.l., 20—22.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; S7 Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2600-2800 m a.s.l., 25.vi—03.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin; N 47°15’, E 85°04’, 20—22.vii.2011, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; S8 Saur Mt. R., upper Zhinishke River, 1800 m a.s.l., 01.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; S9 Saur Mt. R., Small Zhemenei River valley, 1100 m a.s.1., 06—07.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; S10 Saur Mt. R., Zhemenei River valley, 5 km S Zaisan, 700 m a.s.l., 08.v1.2006, 13.vi.2012, leg. N. Rubin; S11 Saur Mt. R., upper Karagaily River, 1800 m a.s.l., 10—14.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; S12 Saur Mt. R., 3 km N Ungirkora, 1300-1500 m a.s.l., 4.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; S13 Saur Mt. R., Shakpaktas Mt. environs, 2500-2700 m a.s.l., 11—13.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; S14 Saur Mts, 24 km S Zaisan, upper stream Bolshoi Zhemenei riv., 1650 m, N 47°14’, E 84°56’, 17-19.v11.2011, leg. R.V. Yakovlev; S15 Saur Mts (N slopes near Kenderlik vill.), 1200 m, N 47°21’, E 85°15’, 23.v11.2011, leg. R. V. Ya- kovlev; S16 Saur Mt. R., 4 km E Zaisan, 600 m a.s.1., 06.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin; Sal Saikan Mts, N 47°19’, E 85°31’, 1700 m, 7—8.vi.2002, leg. R. V. Yakovlev; ZA Zaisan Lake Area, Shorga River valley, 450 m a.s.l., 17.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; 22 Zaisan district, 5 km W Kensai, 500 m a.s.l., 16.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; Z3 Zaisan Lake Area, Espe River valley, 6 km NE Tolagai Mt., 600 m a.s.1., 17.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin; 74 Zaisan Lake Area, 15 km E Karasu, 600 m a.s.1., N 47°47'96", E 083°39'81", 26, 30.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin; Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 141 Fig. 1. Map of the Saur Mountains. a, Saur in the map of Central Asia; b, map with points of collecting localities. ZS Zaisan Lake Area, 6 km W Zaisan, 600 m a.s.l., 6.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin; Z6 Zaisan Lake Area, Bazar River valley, 17.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; Z7 Zaisan Lake Area, Karabulak environs, 17.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin; Z8 Zaisan Lake Area, 7 km NE Zaisan, 500 m a.s.l., 30.v.2006, leg. N. Rubin; Chi Chilikty Depression, 5 km NW Chilikty, 1100 m a.s.1., 09.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin; Ch2 Chilikty Depression, Chagan-Obo River valley, 1600 m a.s.l., 12.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin. 142 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Annotated list of species HESPERIIDAE Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758) MI, M2, M4, M5, M8, S1, S2, S8, S9, S10, Sal. Everywhere. Steppe slopes of gullies in foothills, forb meadows in gorges at 500-1500 m. Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780]) MI, Sal. Locally at 500-1200 m. Syrichtus cribrellum (Eversmann, 1841) M5, M9, S1. Locally abundant at 100- 1400 m. Syrichtus tessellum (Hübner, [1803]) S1. Local, rare. Syrichtus antonia (Speyer, 1879) M1, M2, M4, M6, M8, S10, Sal. Common. Stony steppe slopes of foothills of north macro-slopes of the Saur and Manrak at 500—1500 m. Syrichtus staudingeri (Speyer, 1879) M1, M8. Local and scanty. Just a few specimens were collected in the north-eastern foothill part of the Manrak. Stony steppes and semideserts in places with very scarce vegetation at 700—1000 m. Spialia orbifer (Hiibner, [1823]) M3, S1, S2, S4, S9. Single specimens on steppe slopes of foothills and in mountain valleys at 500—1400 m. Pyrgus malvae (Linnaeus, 1758) M4, S2, S4, S9. Found almost everywhere but only single specimens. Mesophytic sites in river valleys and stream beds at 1000—1800 m. Pyrgus alveus (Hübner, 1803) S5. Single specimens in tallgrass meadows of the Terekty gorge north of the Alatai pass at 1500-1800 m. Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, 1839) ssp. uralensis Warren, 1926 Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 143 M1, M2, MS, S4, S5, S8, S11, Sal, Ch2. Everywhere; characteristic species for these ridges. Forb meadows on mountain slopes at 1000 — 1900 m. Carterocephalus silvicola (Meigen, 1828) S2, S9. Rather common on the northern macro-slope of the Saur in wet meadows along rivers and streams in the lowlands at 800—1100 m. Carterocephalus palaemon (Pallas, 1771) S14. A single very worn specimen was found in a meadow in a stream valley. Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, 1808) S14, S15. Rare. Steppe slopes. Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, [1778]) S9. Common on the northern macro-slope of the Saur in wet meadows along rivers and streams in the lowlands at 800—1100 m. Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758) S5, S14. Rather rare. Steppe slopes. PAPILIONIDAE Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) MI, M8, M4, SI, S2, S4. Common on clearings along rivers and streams in foothills and the lower mountain zone at 500—1200 m. Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 M2, M3, M4, MS, M8, S2, S3, S11, $12. Common in the Manrak and Saur at 600—2500 m. Parnassius apollonius (Eversmann, 1847) M8, Z4. Rather widely distributed in foothills and in the lower mountain zone of the eastern part of the Monrak but very local. Localities are very different, varying from nearly flat steppe in the valley of the Shorga River to almost upright rocky slopes of the Kusty River canyon. Number of individuals in habitats is small as well as its host plant (sometimes only one plant per 100 m7’). Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 7, 8 ssp. tarbagataicus Verity, 1911 S4, S14. Steppe slopes covered by Caragana at 1200-1400 m. Local but numerous in habitats. 144 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) Figs 9-12 ssp. sauricus Lukhtanov, 1999 S7, S11. Numerous in alpine meadows and on stony slopes mostly at 2500—2900 m. It is interesting that one male was found on the southern macro-slope on 10 June at 1800 m. Specimens are very variable in habitus, colour pattern varies from completely developed red spots (but the second spot on hind wing small and without red center) to completely reduced (5% of individuals). Parnassius ariadne (Lederer, 1853) Fig. 60 ssp. clarus Bryk & Eisner, 1933 MI, M2, M3, M4, M5, SI, S2, S5, S9, S11, Sal. Everywhere in scrublands, both tall- grass and steppe meadows on mountain slopes at 1000—1400 m. More common in the Manrak where rather humid localities with Corydalis (Fumariaceae) are more abun- dant. Found also on the southern slope of the Saur but in fewer individuals and at higher altitude — 1800-1900 m. Habitats of Corydalis are limited as narrow band along the stream (Karagaily River). Parnassius tenedius Eversmann, 1851 Figs 13, 14 Extremely rare. Only two specimens are known from the Saur: ©, Saur, Temir-Su River, 1911 (collection of Tomsk University) and 9, Saur, 20 km E Przhevalskoe, 24.06.2002, leg. S. V. Ovchinnikova (collection of Roman Yakovlev, Barnaul). PIERIDAE Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758) M5, S3, S9. Scrubland slopes in foothills and lower mountain zone at 1000-1300 m. The material was confirmed based on the genitalia structure. Leptidea morsei (Fenton, 1881) S3. Very rare. Moist meadows. Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) M5, S2, S3, S9, S10, Sal, Ch2. Everywhere. From scrubland slopes of gullies in steppes and foothills to middle mountain zone at 500 — 1400 m. Often appears in large numbers. N. Rubin observed a migration of this species along the Zhemenei River in 2006 as a solid band (width 10 m) for 5 hours. Metaporia leucodice (Eversmann, 1843) S4, S9. Common on the northern macro-slope on scrubland slopes of gullies in foothills and lower mountain zone at 500—1000 m. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 145 Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecific status is unclear, close to Siberian subspecies progressa (Sovinsky, 1905). M8, S3, S5. Frequent along rivers and streams in forest mountain zone at 700— 1500 m. Euchloe creusa (Doubleday, 1847) ssp. emiorientalis Verity, 1911 M2, S3, Ch2. Rare, several specimens were found on steppe slopes of the Saur on the right bank of Chilikty valley and in the Eastern Manrak. Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1803]) M2. Very rare. Steppe mountain summits. Probably flies earlier (in the beginning of May). Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) Everywhere except high altitudes (up to 2200 m). Pontia callidice (Hübner, [1803]) S7, S11. Frequent in alpine meadows and in stony mountain tundras at 2000-2700 m. Males display well-developed hilltoping behaviour. Pontia chloridice (Hübner, [1813]) MI, S9. Rare, several specimens were found on steppe slopes of the Small Zhemenei valley and on the Manrak ridge. Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) ZA. Common species of foothills at 500-1000 m. More frequent in anthropogenic habitats. Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) ssp. debilis (Alpheraky, 1889) Everywhere, from steppes and semideserts of the southern shore of Zaisan lake and Chilikty depression to steppe slopes of foothills and lower mountain zone in all ridges of the investigated territory at 500— 1600 m. Pieris euorientis (Verity, 1908) ssp. sauron Yakovlev, 2004 M4, 53, S5, S8, S11. Common species in the Saur in upper forest zone and in subalpine meadows at 1500-2300 m. On the northern macro-slope it inhabits only the forest zone along the Terekty River; it was not found on the Alatai pass and southwards. On the southern macro-slope very common on slopes in mountain valleys at 1200—2500. Single specimens were found on the Manrak. Fly period: end of May—June. 146 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Colias erate (Esper, [1805]) M1, M4, M8, Z3, S1, Ch2. Common species in steppes and on steppe slopes of foothills and upper mountain zone at 500— 1300 m. Common in anthropogenic landscapes. Colias hyale (Linnaeus, 1758) M4, M8, S4. Frequent on steppe slopes of foothills and upper mountain zone at 700— 1300 m. Colias thisoa Ménétries, 1832 S5, S6, Ch2. Local but rather frequent in its habitats. Meadows of upper forest zone and subalpic meadows at 1700-2200 m. Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758) M1, M4. Bushy meadows in river valleys and stream beds. NYMPHALIDAE Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758) M1, M5, S2, S4, S5. Common. Bushy slopes of foothills and lower mountain zone, more frequent close to rocks at 1000—1800 m. Lasiommata petropolitana (Fabricius, 1787) M4, M5, S2, S3, S6, S8, S9, S11. Common species. Slopes of gullies in foothills, more frequent in forest zone at 1300—2000 m. Melanargia russiae (Esper, [1783]) S4, S7, S10, S14, S15, Z2, Z3. Common, steppes of Zaisan depression, foothills and steppe meadows in mountains. Single specimens were observed in meadows up to 2400 m. Coenonympha tullia (Miller, 1764) ssp. subcaeca (Heyne, 1894) S7. Found at high altitudes in the Saur. Local, found in swampy alpine meadows and mountain stony tundras, sometimes at just melted snowfields at 2600—2800 m. Coenonympha glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788) Figs 27, 28 ssp. iphina Staudinger, 1892 S4, S9, S10, S14. Local and scanty. Moderately wet meadows in depressions between mountains on the northern macro-slope of the Saur at 500— 1300 m. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 147 Coenonympha amaryllis (Stoll, 1782) S4, S10. Common species on steppe slopes of foothills and in upper mountain zone at 500-1300 m. Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) M4, M8, S2, S10, Ch2. Common on slopes of gullies in foothills and steppe meadows in middle mountain zone at 600—1600 m. Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) S4. Single specimens were found in wet meadows in the valley of the Terekty River at 1200 m. Coenonympha sunbecca (Eversmann, 1843) Modern records from the Saur are absent. Described from “... in campis aridis ad la- cum Noor-Saisan”, probably can be found in the Chinese part of the range. Triphysa phryne (Pallas, 1771) M1, M8, S1, S8. Rare. Several specimens were found on steppe slopes of the Eastern Saur and Manrak at 700-1800 m. Hyponephele lycaon (Rottemburg, 1775) ssp. catamelas (Staudinger, 1886) S4, S14, S15. Frequent. Steppe slopes in foothills and lower mountain zone, mostly near rock exposures at 700-1300 m. Hyponephele lupina (Costa, 1836) ssp. intermedia (Staudinger, 1886) S15, Z2, Z3. Common in steppes and foothills. Stony and clay slopes of gullies at 600-1000 m. Hyponephele dysdora (Lederer, 1869) Stated for Saur by Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov (1994: fig. 137). Not found by us. Hyponephele interposita (Erschoff, 1874) S15, Z2. Numerous in foothill steppes and semi-deserts. Clay slopes of gullies and droves at 600-1000 m. Hyponephele huebneri Kocak, 1980 ssp. ambialtaica Kosterin, 2002 Stated for the southern part of the Zaysan valley (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994: fig. 129). Not found by us. 148 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Hyponephele naricina (Staudinger, 1870) Z3. Found in large numbers in foothill stony semideserts and clay hills of the Eastern Manrak at 600—800 m. Hyponephele cadusina (Staudinger, 1881) Stated for the Saur (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994: fig. 122). Not found by us. Erebia haberhaueri Staudinger, 1881 Figs 19, 20 S5. Moreover, known by the specimens collected by P. Suschkin, A. Jacobson and K. Kolesnichenko from the following localities: S. slope of Saur, Tik-Bulak spring; up- per stream of Ujdene River; Mai-Chat loc.; S from Kyzyl-Kiya vill. (Churkin 2005a). Meadows in forest zone at 2200-2500 m. Erebia sibirica Staudinger, 1881 stat. rev. Figs 21-26, 29 S7. Found in large numbers in alpine and Carex meadows at 2500—2800 m. Systematic notes. The taxon sibirica Staudinger, 1881 was described for populations from the Saur and Tarbagatai “... auf dem Tarbagatai in großen Stücken gefangen ...” (Staudinger 1881: 270) in primary combination Erebia Tyndarus Esp. Sibirica. Later Warren (1936) suggested the combination Evebia callias sibirica. Beside this combina- tion Warren treated all Siberian taxa from the E. tyndarus (altajana Staudinger, 1901 (Altai) and simulata Warren, 1933 (E. Sayan)) group as subspecies of Erebia callias Edwards, 1871, described from “Mountains Colorado [Aidaho, USA]”. From this mo- ment all records of this group for Kazakh taxa were mentioned as subspecies of E. cal- lias. Also several subspecies were described: Erebia callias tscherskiensis Dubatolov, 1992 (E. Siberia, Yakutia, Cherskyi Mts, 185 km NW ust’-Nera) and Erebia callias chastilovi Churkin, 2003 (Mongolian Altai, 30 km S Biger). P. Bogdanov (2008) was the first person who suggested treating sibirica Staudinger, 1881 as a bona species, proved in his opinion by important differences in the arming of valvae. In the same work he described Erebia churkini Bogdanov, 2008 from Polar Ural. Later (Yakovlev 2012), the specific status of E. chastilovi was confirmed and two taxa from Mongolia were described — E. chastilovi nomada Yakovlev, 2012 and E. przhevalskii Yakovlev, 2012. This group of taxa requires a major revision. For verification of P. Bogdanov’s opinion we performed an investigation of habitus characters of a large number of males and females. We also carried out a study of geni- talia of 60 C and 299 of E. sibirica from “Saur Mts., Tas Mt., 2350—2600 m, 47°15'N; 85°04'E, 20—22.vii.2011, leg. R.V. Yakovlev”. It was found that external characters are very unreliable; only the less developed brown field on the forewing of both sexes and the specific greyish colouration of the hindwing underside in males can be mentioned as differentiating characters. However, the comparison of genital characters shows sig- nificant differences from all Asian and American taxa of the group. Description of geni- talia is presented herein. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 149 Male genitalia. Uncus moderately long, slightly curved ventrally, tegumen stout, subunci long, thick, falcate. Valvae moderately wide, smoothly curved in middle third, caudal third on costal edge has specific arming which consists of a massive sharp cau- dally directed tooth and three small teeth, gradually shortening towards the caudal di- rection. Arming of valvae slightly varies, it is expressed in teeth length and certain skewness. Phallus short and thick, with obtuse apex, vesica without cornuti. Juxta saddle-shaped, well sclerotised. Saccus medium-sized, directed backwards. Genitalia differ well from E. callias callias, E. callias altajana, E. callias simulata, E. callias tscherskiensis, E. chastilovi and E. chastilovi nomada which have the costal edge of valvae with smaller area of arming. The closest species are E. przhevalskii and E. chur- kini which have significant differences: very thin caudal end of valva (4—5 times thin- ner than middle part of valva) in E. przhevalskii and double the largest (proximal) tooth on costal edge of valva, valva thinner and somewhat straight in E. churkini. Female genitalia. With U-shaped antevaginal plate placed on comparatively long basal procession. Bursa with paired band-like signum (bands of sclerotisation very close to each other). Proterebia afra (Fabricius, 1787) M4, Sal. Multiple specimens. Probably peak of flight is in the end of April until the beginning of May. Steppes in foothills and low mountain zone up to 1500 m. Arethusana arethusa ([Denis & Schiffermüller], [1775]) S14. Steppe slopes, rare. Oeneis tarpeia (Pallas, 1771) MI, M2, M4, M5, SI, S2, S4, S8, S9, S11, Sal. Frequent on steppe slopes in mid- dle mountain zone and in alpine meadows of the Saur and Manrak. More common at 1000-1500 m, but in the area of the Shakpartas Mt. we observed single specimens at 2700 m. Common on the Saikan ridge. Oeneis mulla Staudinger, 1881 Figs 17, 18 M5, S1, S12. Local. Found in the Saur, Saikan and in the eastern part of the Manrak (Lukhtanov 1984; Lukhtanov & Eitchberger 2000). Inhabits abrupt steppe mountain slopes at 600-1600 m. Males generally prefer rocks on crests of ridges. Defence of individual territory well developed, and they chase not only conspecific individuals but also larger species such as Papilio machaon and Aglais urticae. Females hide in grass near foots of rocks and on open slopes and prefer not to fly. Peak of flight is in the first half of the day, the rest of the time butterflies spend in niches of vertical walls and in splits of rocks. Oeneis fulla (Eversmann, 1851) Figs 15, 16 S7, S8, S13. Common in mountain tundras and in alpine meadows of the Saur at 2000-2800 m. Defence of individual territory by males is well developed as in the 150 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories previous species, but specimens of O. fulla avoid large rock exposures by inhabit- ing flatter slopes and tops, and use large stones as look-out-stations. Sitting on the ground, the butterflies immediately expose the maximal area of their wings to the sunlight. Hipparchia autonoe (Esper, 1783) S4, S5, S14, S15, Z3. Numerous in foothill steppes and on steppe slopes at middle altitudes at 1500 m. Usually adhere to clay or stony slopes of gullies and rocky areas in mountains. Minois dryas (Scopoli, 1763) S14. Rare, found in forest zone. Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793) ssp. altaica Grum-Grshimailo, 1893 S15. Common on steppe slopes. Pseudochazara hippolyte (Esper, [1784]) S4, S15, Z2, Z3. Frequent on stony steppe slopes at 500-1500 m. Males prefer tops of hills and places near crests in mountains. Chazara briseis (Linnaeus 1764) ssp. meridionalis (Staudinger, 1886) S14, S15, Z5. Frequent. Stony semideserts and steppes, slopes of gullies, dry gorges in mountains at 500-1500 m. Chazara enervata (Alpheraky, 1881) S15, Z2. Common, inhabits stony and clay foothill steppes and semideserts and rocky steppe slopes and gorges in mountains at 500-1300 m. Chazara heydenreichi (Lederer, 1853) S15. Habitats similar to the previous species. Limenitis helmanni Kindermann in Lederer, 1853 Stated for the Saur (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994: fig. 165). Not found by us. Limenitis sidyi Kindermann in Lederer, 1853 Stated for the Saur (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994: fig. 165). Not found by us. Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1758) S4, S14. Extremely rare, river valleys. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 151 Neptis rivularis (Scopoli, 1763) Almost everywhere except at high altitudes. Inhabits shrubby slopes of gullies in foot- hill steppes, river and stream valleys in mountains at 500—1500 m. Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758) MI, M3, S1, S3, S9, S14. Almost everywhere but sparse. Found in different habitats except deserts and high altitudes. Frequent in anthropogenic habitats. Polygonia interposita (Staudinger, 1881) S9. Sparse, only few specimens were collected in forest zone in the valley of the Small Zhemenei at 1200—1400 m. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758) S14. Rare. Forest zone. Nymphalis vaualbum ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) S14. Common in forest zone. Nymphalis xanthomelas (Esper, |1781]) S14. Common in forest zone. Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758) Everywhere in steppes and semideserts of foothills. Migrating individuals inhabit all altitudes up to the nival zone. Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) Common in forest zone, up to alpine meadows at 1000-2700 m in alpine zone of mountain steppes. Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758) S14. Rare. Forest zone. Araschnia levana (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 30, 31 S9. Found only in one place — brake near small stream (inflow of the Small Zhemenei) but in rather large numbers. Recorded here for the Saur for the first time. Argynnis pandora ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) MI, S1, S5, S14. Forest zone at 1500—1700 m. Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758) S14. Rare. Forest zone. 152 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Argynnis adippe (|Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) S14. Rare. Forest zone. Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758) S4, S7, S14, S5. Common ın forest zone. Frequently rises up to 2500 m. Brenthis ino (Rottemburg, 1775) S4, S14. Wet meadows at 1200—1500 m. Brenthis daphne (Bergsträsser, 1780) Stated for the Saur (Tuzov 2003). Not found by us. Brenthis hecate (|Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Stated for the Saur (Tuzov 2003). Not found by us. Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758) Everywhere in all zones except deserts. Clossiana selenis (Eversmann, 1837) Fig. 39 ssp. sibirica (Erschoff, 1870) S11, S14. Extremely rare. Recorded for the Saur for the first time. Clossiana euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) S9, S14. Wet meadows in river and stream valleys in forest zone at 1500-1700 m. Clossiana frigga (Thunberg, 1791) Figs 36-38 ssp. annae (Sushkin, 1906) S7. Found by us only in cirques near the Tas mountain, but judging by its frequency it should inhabit all highlands of the Saur. It may be local but probably can be found in large numbers in suitable habitats. More frequent in boggy meadows but also found ın stony tundras and even crests of ridges (but with smoothed relief). We found an inter- esting peculiarity: both males and females appear almost at the same time but probably the flight period is short. The first mass flight was at the bottom of the cirque but on the next day fresh specimens were only found at 100 m higher altitude (just a few specimens were at the bottom). For a few days butterflies were observed just on crests between cirques and there were no specimens lower down, thus total flight period is about a week. Clossiana freija (Thunberg, 1791) ssp. pallida (Elwes, 1899) S7, S13. Multiple specimens, it probably inhabits all parts of the plateau of the Saur. Found in stony alpine meadows and mountain tundras at 2500-2800 m. One of the first species which appears in the first decade of June and flies until the end of June. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 153 Clossiana dia (Linnaeus, 1767) ssp. alpina (Elwes, 1899) S3, S6. Infrequent, just a few specimens were found in the forest zone at 1500-1700 m. Boloria altaica (Grum-Grshimailo, 1887) S7. Abundant in wet alpine meadows and mountain tundras over 2500 m. Euphydryas aurinia (Rottemburg, 1775) Figs 32, 33, 61 ssp. calima Bolshakov & Korb, 2012 Common species from foothills to alpine meadows through the region at 500—2000 m. Euphydryas maturna (Linnaeus, 1758) ssp. staudingeri (Wnukowsky, 1929) S9. Bushy clearings in valleys of small rivers and streams in forest zone at 1000— 1400 m. Euphydryas iduna (Dalman, 1816) Fig. 34 ssp. jacobsoni Yakovlev, 2011 S7, S13. Very rare, just 3 specimens were collected in mountain tundras at 2500—2600 m. The subspecies was described based on a large series with the following labels: ‘E. Kazakhstan, Saur Mts., upper stream of B. Dzhemene] River, 2150 m, 13—15.vi.1910, A. Jakobson’. Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1777]) ssp. neera Fischer de Waldheim, 1840. MS, M6, M8, S4, S9, S10, Sal. Rather common in desert foothills and on dry slopes in the lowland of the northern macro-slope of the Saur, Manrak and Saikan at 500-1300 m. Melitaea ala Staudinger, 1892 Fig. 35 S4. Very rare and local, just 2 specimens were collected in steppe dry meadow in the Terekty valley at 1300 m. Reported for Saur by Kolesnichenko (1999). Melitaea trivia ({Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) M1, M8, M4. Rather rare and local, inhabits steppe mountain slopes in lower and mid- die mountain zone at 1000—1500 m. Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) M5, S4, S9, S10, S14. Frequent on slopes of gullies in foothills and in lower and middle mountain zone at 1000—1500 m. Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) M2, M5, S1, S2, S4, S6, S9, S12, Sal. Common species of dry meadows and steppe 154 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories mountain slopes in lower and middle mountain zone at 1000-1500 m. In contrast to European populations dark-coloured females rather common. Melitaea arduinna (Esper, [1784]) MI, M2, M3, M5, M8, S1, S2, 89, S11, S12, Sal. Frequent on steppe mountain slopes in lower mountain zone at 700—1300 m. Melitaea athene Staudinger, 1881 M2, M3, M8. Local but widely distributed on the northern slopes of the Manrak, Saur and Saikan in foothills at 500-800 m. Like the others species of the group it inhabits dry stony slopes, both abrupt and flat, and prefers scree slopes (Tuzov 2000). Mellicta athalia (Rottemburg, 1775) ssp. reticulata Higgins, 1955 MS, S4, S6, S9, S10, S14. Frequent in meadows of the lowland and in forest zone of mountains at 1200-1500 m. Mellicta britomartis (Assmann, 1847) MS, S4, S9. Local and scanty in moderately wet meadows in lower mountain zone at 1200-1400 m. Mellicta menetriesi (Caradja, 1895) Figs 40, 41 ssp. saurica Yakovlev, 2007 M5, S8, S9, S12, Sal. Common, dry and moderately wet, often rocky, slopes of moun- tains at 1200-1700 m. LYCAENIDAE Neolycaena rhymnus (Eversmann, 1832) M1, M2, Sal. Steppe slopes with bushes. Neolycaena submontana Zhdanko, 1996 Figs 45, 46, 65 ssp. saurica Zhdanko, 1998 M1, M2, M3, M6, S1, S2, S10, Sal, Z2. Abundant on steppe and desert stony slopes in foothills, prefers bushy areas covered by Caragana (Fabaceae) at 500—1000 m. Neolycaena tengstroemi (Erschoff, 1874) ssp. balchashensis Zhdanko, 1998 Z1, Z6, Z7. Frequent in semideserts and dry steppes of the shore of Zaisan lake at 400—600 m. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 155 Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758) ssp. sibirica Heyne, [1895] MS, S1, S2, S8, S11, S12. Frequent, inhabits brakes in valleys and mountain slopes in forest zone at 1200-1500 m. Callophrys suaveola (Staudinger, 1881) M2, MS. Very rare, single specimens occur on mountain slopes, usually on bushes of Spiraea at 1200-1500 m. Localities were published by Krupitsky & Yakovlev (2012). Lycaena helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) ssp. phintonis Fruhstorfer, 1910 S3, S5, S8, S11. Common species. Inhabits moist meadows in river and stream val- leys, subalpine meadows and mountain slopes where scanty in first half of June at 1500-2500 m. Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761) S11, S14. Rare species, meadows. Lycaena hippothoe (Linnaeus, 1761) S14. Very rare, meadows. Lycaena dispar (Haworth, 1803) ssp. rutilus (Werneburg, 1864) S14. Very rare, meadows. Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775) S14. Very rare, meadows. Lycaena thersamon (Esper, [1784]) M2, M4, S1, S16, Sal. Locally. On the territory in question it inhabits dry steppes in foothills and steppe mountain slopes at 500-1300 m. Athamanthia dimorpha (Staudinger, 1881) Figs 50, 51, 62 ssp. saisana Lukhtanov, 2000 Z3. Local but numerous in its habitats. Inhabits both flat stony steppes and dry moun- tain slopes with slide-rocks and rock exposures in foothills at 700—1000 m. Cupido tusovi Lukhtanov, 1994 Figs 58, 59, 63 Almost everywhere. Endemic to the Saur, common both on steppe slopes of depres- sions between mountains and in moderately wet meadows in forest zone and subalpine 156 RuBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories meadows at 800-2400 m. Interesting peculiarity is that males from the lowland have more intensive blue suffusion whereas butterflies from subalpine zone lack the suffu- sion and resemble C. minimus. Cupido osiris (Meigen, 1829) Almost everywhere. Common on steppe slopes of foothills and in forest zone at 500-1700 m. Cupido prosecusa (Erschoff, 1874) Z1, Z8. Scanty, inhabits brakes in lower course of river valleys and shores of Zaisan lake. Tongeia fischeri (Eversmann, 1843) Almost everywhere. Common in stony areas on steppe slopes of foothills and rock exposures in forest zone of mountains at 500—1900 m. Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) M4, M5. Common but scanty, inhabits different biotopes, prefers brakes in river and stream valleys at 500-2000 m. Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771) ssp. johanseni (Wnukowsky, 1934) Almost everywhere. Inhabits steppe biotopes both in foothills and mountains, prefers stony areas at 500-2000 m. Pseudophilotes vicrama (Moore, 1865) ssp. schiffermuelleri (Hemming, 1929) MS, M8, S4, S10, S14, Sal. Rather common but scanty. Inhabits dry stony slopes of gullies in foothills and lower mountain zone at 400—600 m. Praephilotes anthracias (Christoph, 1877) Recorded for the Zaisan depression (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994). Not found by us. Glaucopsyhe alexis (Poda, 1761) MS, S82, S3, S4, S9, S11, $12, S14, Sal, Ch2. Common species. Inhabits meadows of different types in foothills and forest zone of mountains at 1000—2000 m. Glaucopsyche argali Elwes, 1899 ssp. arkhar Lukhtanov, 1990 Extremely rare and local. Known from several localities on the northern slopes of the Saur and Manrak where it inhabits stony steppe slopes of lower mountain zone at Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 157 1000 - 1500 m. Described from the following localities: 20 km S Zaisan (locus typicus); Manrak, Karataltaldy loc. R. Yakovlev collected 19 in the type locality on 25.v.2000. Phengaris arion (Linnaeus, 1758) MS, 82, S3, S4, S9, S10, S12. Scanty, found on steppe slopes in foothills and in mead- ows in forest zone at 500-1500 m. Phengaris alcon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Figs 52, 53 S4 and 5 km N Alatai Pass, 1500-1600 m a.s.l., 19.v1.2003. First record for the Saur. Extremely rare. Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758) ssp. wolgensis (Forster, 1936) S3 and everywhere in Zaisan depression. Common, sometimes numerous (SW part of Zaisan depression), inhabits steppes and meadows of different types in foothills at 500-1200 m. Plebejus maracandicus (Erschoff, 1874) ssp. planorum (Alpheraky, 1881) Almost everywhere. Common, inhabits different biotopes from semideserts to moder- ately wet subalpine meadows in forest zone of mountains at 500-1900 m. Plebejus idas (Linnaeus, 1761) Fig. 57 S10. Very rare. Only one male on a stony slope. Plebejus lepidus Zhdanko, 2000 Figs 55, 56, 64 Z1, Z6, Z7. Very local but rather frequent in its habitats. Bushy areas of semideserts and dry steppes in the southern part of Zaisan depression at 500-750 m. Usually adheres to bushes of its host plant Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae). Plebejides pylaon (Fischer von Waldheim, 1832) MI, M2, M3, Si, S2, S8, S11, Sal. Local and scanty, found by us on the southern macro-slope of the Saur in forb subalpine meadows at 1800-2000 m. Plebejides zephyrinus (Christoph, 1884) ssp. tarbagataiensis Balint, 1992 Reliably known only from the vicinity of Kenderlik Village. Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, [1780]) MS, M8, S3, S9, S14. Local and scanty. Found mostly on grass meadows along river valleys in mountains at 1000—1400 m. 158 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Aricia allous (Geyer, 1837) ssp. strandi (Obraztsov, 1935) S11, S14, Z8, Ch2. Local and scanty. Found in different biotopes but mostly on grass meadows along river valleys and stream beds in mountains at 1500-2000 m. One specimen was found in brakes in dry bed of the Zhemenei River N Zaisan at 500 m. Aricia agestis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Stated for the Saur (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994). Not found by us. Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775) ssp. altaianus Tutt, 1909 M5, S3, S4, S12, S14. Common, inhabits steppe slopes of foothills in depressions be- tween mountains and different meadows in forest zone at 1000—1400 m. Alpherakya sarta (Alpheraky, 1881) Stated for the Saur (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994). Not found by us. In the Saur it should inhabit semidesert biotopes in northern foothills. Rueckbeilia fergana (Staudinger, 1881) M8. Rare and local. Just one specimen was found in the Manrak on steppe brake slope of gully at 800 m. Rimisia miris (Staudinger, 1881) S10, Sal. Inhabits stony slopes of gullies and dry stream beds in steppes and semide- serts at SOO— 1000 m. Glabroculus cyane (Eversmann, 1837) ssp. tarbagatus (Suschkin, 1909) M2, M3, M4, M6, S1, S2. Local and rare, found in stony dry steppe on gullies. Albulina orbitula (de Prunner, 1798) ssp. sajana (Heyne, [1895]) S5, S11. Frequent. Inhabits moderately wet mountain meadows upper forest edge at 1900—2300 m. Agriades glandon (de Prunner, 1798) Figs 47, 48 ssp. rubini Churkin, 2005 S7, S11. Rare and local. Inhabits rock exposures and rubbly slide-rocks at 2200-2500. Found in both localities only on exposures of red granite. Agriades pheretiades (Eversmann, 1843) Described from “Noor-Zaisan”. The series with label ‘Sar-Tologoi, 7.07.1904’ collect- Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137 - 170 159 ed by P. Suschkin is deposited in ZISP. It is unknown what part of the Sar-Tolgoi pass was explored by P. Suschkin, probably he collected on the territory of China. Polyommatus eros (Ochsenheimer, [1808]) ssp. kaabaki Korb, 2000 MS, S3, S4, S11, S14, S5. Local but frequent in its habitats, inhabits stony steppe meadows on slopes of lower mountain zone, river and stream valleys in forest zone and above forest zone at 1200-2000 m. Polyommatus icadius (Groum-Grshimailo, 1890) Figs 42-44 S4, S14. Very local at the first site, was found only in one locality on steppe stony slope of southern exposure. Population was confined to a small area of 50 x 100 m. Specimens adhered to small bushes of host plant which grew in very small numbers among rubbly slide-rocks on slope with inclination of about 30°. In the second locality it was more common along a forest road. Subspecific status is unknown. Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775) Almost everywhere. Frequent, different meadows in river valleys of the lowland and forest zone at 1200-2000 m. Polyommatus amandus (Schneider, 1792) MI, M2, M3, M5, SI, S2, S3, S4, S5, S9, Sal. Frequent, different meadows in river valleys of the lowland and forest zone at 1200-2000 m. Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, [1835]) ssp. orientis (Sheljuzko, 1928) Everywhere in steppe meadows in river valleys and on mountain slopes in forest zone at 1000—2000 m. Polyommatus damon ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) Fig. 54 ssp. mongolensis (Koçak, 1980) S14. Common in meadows and on forest roads. Polyommatus damone (Eversmann, 1841) ssp. sibirica (Staudinger, 1899) Reported for the Zhemenei valley (Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov 1994). Not found by us. Aricia nicias (Meigen, 1829) Fig. 49 ssp. bittis (Fruhstorfer, 1915) S14. Common in forest clearings. New species to the fauna of the Saur. 160 RuBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Figs 2—6. 2. Saur Mt. R., Chilikty Depression, 1.vi.2006 (photo: N. Rubin); 3. Saur Mt. R., Chagan-Obo River, 11.v1.2006 (photo: N. Rubin); 4. Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt., 8.vi.2006 (photo: N. Rubin); 5. Saur Mt. R., upper stream of Karagaily River, 12.vi.2006 (photo: N. Rubin); 6. Saur Mt. R., Shakpaktas Mt. environs, alpıne zone, 10.v1.2006 (photo: K. Dovgailo). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 161 Figs 7-14. 7. Parnassius apollo tarbagataicus, ©, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1200-1300 m a.s.l., 4.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 8. Parnassius apollo tarbagataicus, 9, same data as 7. 9. Parnassius phoebus sauricus, ©, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2500-2700 m a.s.l., 25.vi—03.vii.2003, leg. N. Rubin, K. Dovgailo & T. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 10. Parnassius phoebus sauricus, ©, same data as 9. 11. Parnassius phoebus sauricus, 9, same data as 9. 12. Parnassius phoebus sauricus, Q, same data as 9. 13. Parnassius tenedius, Q, Saur Mt. R., 20 km E Przhevalskoe, 24.v1.2002, leg. S. V. Ovchinnikova (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 14. Parnassius tenedius, ©, Saur Mt. R., Temir-Su River, [191...] (ex coll. of Tomsk University). 162 Ruin & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 163 Fig. 29. Genitalia of Erebia sibirica Staudinger. a-c, SC, lateral projection; d, 9, frontal projection. <— Figs 15-28. 15. Oeneis fulla, , Saur Mt. R., Shakpaktas Mt. environs, 2600-2700 m a.s.l., 10—14. v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 16. Oeneis fulla, 9, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. envi- rons, 2800 m a.s.l., 27.vi.2003, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 17. Oeneis mulla, ©, E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18'40",E 84°36'42", 1500 m a.s.l., 1—4.vi.2006, leg. K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 18. Oeneis mulla, 9, E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18’40”, E 84°36’42”, 1400 - 1600 m a.s.l., 27—29.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 19. Erebia haberhaueri, ©, Saur Mt. R., Alatai Pass, 2010 m a.s.l., N 47°18’, E 85°08’, 23.vii.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 20. Erebia haberhaueri, 9, same data as 19. 21. Erebia sibirica, S, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2500 m a.s.l., 25.vi.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 22. Erebia sibirica, ©, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, N 47°15’, E 85°04’, 2350-2600 m a.s.l., 20—22.vii.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 23. Erebia sibirica, SC, same data as 22. 24. Erebia sibirica, 9, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2000 m a.s.l., 21.vi.2003, leg. K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 25. Erebia sibirica, Q, same data as 22. 26. Erebia sibirica, 9, same data as 22. 27. Coenonympha glycerion iphina, ©, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1300 m a.s.l., 18.vi.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 28. Coenonympha glycerion iphina, 9, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1300 m a.s.l., 4.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). . acent territories j dad ms an fthe Saur Mounta 1ÈS O f the butterfli ist O Checkli RUBIN & YAKOVLEV 164 Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 165 Figs 30-41. 30. Araschnia levana, 9, Small Zhemenei River valley, 1100 m a.s.l., 06-07.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 31. Araschnia levana, 9, same data as 30. 32. Euphydryas aurinia calima, 9, E Monrak Mt. R., N 47°18'40", E 84°36'42", 1350 m a.s.l., 27-29.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin & Yu. Sobolevskaya (ex coll. N. Rubin). 33. Euphydryas aurinia calima, 9, same data as 32. 34. Euphydryas iduna jakobsoni, ©, Saur Mt. R., upper stream of Karagaily River, 2000 m a.s.l., 10-12. vi.2006, leg. Yu. Sobolevskaya (ex coll. N. Rubin). 35. Melitaea ala ala, ©, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1200-1300 m a.s.l., 4.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 36. Clossiana frigga annae, ©, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2500-2700 m a.s.l., 25.vi—03.vii.2003, leg. N. Rubin, K. Dovgailo & T. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 37. Clossiana frigga annae, ©, same data as 36. 38. Clossiana frigga annae, Q, same data as 36. 39. Clossiana selenis sibirica, ©, Saur Mt. R., upper stream of Karagaily River, 1900 m a.s.l., 10—12.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 40. Mellicta menetriesi saurica, ©, E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18'40", E 84°36'42”, 1300 m a.s.l., 30.v-4.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin, K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 41. Mellicta menetriesi saurica, 9, E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18'40”, E 84°36'42", 1300 m a.s.l., 27-29.v.2011, leg. N. Rubin & Yu. Sobolevskaya (ex coll. N. Rubin). 166 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 167 Figs 42-59. 42. Polyommatus icadius, ©, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1200-1300 m a.s.l., 4.v11.2003, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 43. Polyommatus icadius, 9, same data as 42. 44. Polyommatus icadius, ©, Saur Mt. R., 24 km S Zaisan, upper stream of Bolshoi Zhemenei River, 1650 m, N 47°14’, E 84°56’, 17—19.vii.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 45. Neolycaena submon- tana saurica, 0, NE Manrak Mt. R., Saryshyi environs, 700-900 m a.s.l., 04—05.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 46. Neolycaena submontana saurica, 9, same data as 45. 47. Agriades glandon rubini, paratypus, ©, Saur Mt. R., Tas Mt. environs, 2300 m a.s.l., 25.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 48. Agriades glandon rubini, paratypus, 9, same data as 47. 49. Aricia nicias bittis, ©, Saur Mt. R., 24 km S Zaisan, upper stream of Bolshoi Zhemenei River, 1650 m, N 47°14', E 84°56’, 17—19.vii.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 50. Athamanthia dimorpha saisana, I, Zaisan Lake Area, Espe River valley, 6 km NE Tolagai Mt., 600 m a.s.l., 17.v1.2006, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 51. Athamanthia dimorpha saisana, Q, same data as 50. 52. Phengaris alcon, ©, Saur Mt. R., Terekty River valley, 1200 m a.s.l., 18- 19.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 53. Phengaris alcon, 9, same data as 52. 54. Agrodiaetus damon mongolensis, 9, Saur Mt. R., 24 km S Zaisan, upper stream of Bolshoi Zhemenei River, 1650 m, N 47°14’, E 84°56’, 17—19.vii.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (ex coll. R. Yakovlev). 55. Plebejus lepidus, ©, Zaisan Lake Area, Shorga River valley, 450 m a.s.1., 17.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 56. Plebejus lepidus, 9, same data as 55. 57. Plebejus idas, Oo, Saur Mt. R., Zhemenei River valley, 5 km S Zaisan, 700 m a.s.l., 8.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin (ex coll. N. Rubin). 58. Cupido tusovi, ©, E Manrak Mt. R., N 47°18'40", E 84°36'42", 1300 m a.s.l., 30.v—4.vi.2006, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 59. Cupido tusovi, 9, Saur Mt. R., Alatai Pass environs, 1500-1900 m a.s.l., 19—20.v1.2003, leg. N. Rubin & K. Dovgailo (ex coll. N. Rubin). 168 RUBIN & YAKOVLEV: Checklist of the butterflies of the Saur Mountains and adjacent territories ie on. L Figs 60-65. 60. Parnassius ariadne clarus, 9, E Manrak, 31.v.2006 (photo: N. Rubin). 61. Euphydryas aurinia calima, 9, E Manrak, 29.v.2011 (photo: N. Rubin). 62. Athamanthia dimorpha saisana, in copula, NW Manrak, 17.vi.2006 (photo: N. Rubin). 63. Cupido tusovi, S, Saur, Small Zhemenei River valley, 06.v1.2006 (photo: N. Rubin). 64. Plebejus lepidus, 9, Zaisan Lake Area, Shorga River valley, 17.vi.2006 (photo: K. Dovgailo). 65. Neolycaena submontana saurica, S, NE Manrak, 8.vi.2006 (photo: N. Rubin). Nota lepid. 36 (2): 137-170 169 Conclusions Altogether 159 butterfly species (Hesperiidae: 15; Papilionidae: 7; Pieridae: 17; Nym- phalidae: 71; Lycaenidae: 49) have been recorded in the Saur Mountains. Four species, Araschnia levana, Clossiana selenis, Phengaris alcon and Aricia nicias are reported for the Saur for the first time. The butterfly fauna of the Saur comprises the following elements: Transpalaearctic, West Palaearctic, Dzhungarian and Siberian, as well as en- demic species (5 species, or 3% of the total). 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V. 2002. New data on the fauna of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) in the East Palearc- tic Region. — Euroasian Entomological Journal 1 (2): 173-176. [In Russian]. Yakovlev, R. V. 2003. Revision of Fischer’s Blue Tongeia fischeri (Eversmann, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Ly- caenidae). — Helios 4: 181-197. Yakovlev, R. V. 2004. A new subspecies of Pieris (napi) euorientis (Verity, 1908) from the Saur Mountains (East Kazakhstan). — Helios 5: 232-236. Yakovlev, R. V. 2007. Two new taxa of the genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807 (subgenus Mellicta Billberg, 1820) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) are described from Western Mongolia and Eastern Kazakhstan. — Eversmannia 9: 34-39. [In Russian]. Yakovlev, R. V. 2011. New taxa of Rhopalocera from Siberia and Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Satyridae and Nymphalidae) — Atalanta 42 (1-4): 225-230. Yakovlev, R. V. 2012. Checklist of Butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Mongolian Altai Mountains, includ- ing descriptions of new taxa — Nota lepidopterologica 35 (1): 51-96. Yakovlev, R. V. & E. V. Guskova 2012. Saur and Tarbagataj biogeographycally: part of Altai, part of Dzhungaria or transition zone between Siberia and Middle Asia? — Materials of the conference “Ani- mal world of Kazakhstan and adjacent territories”, Almaty: 186-187. [In Russian]. Zhdanko, A. B. 1994 [1996]. New species of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Asia. — Sele- vinia 1994 (1): 73-74. Zhdanko, A. B. 2005. Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea) of Kazakhstan. — Tethys ento- mological Research 11: 125—146. [In Russian]. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 171-174 ll New species of scythridid moths (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) from Southern Siberia SERGEY À. SACHKOV Laboratory of Animals Systematics and Faunistics, Samara State University, Akademika Pavlova str. 1; RUS-443011, Samara, Russia; satshk@samsu.ru Received 6 March 2013; reviews returned 12 March 2013; accepted 30 April 2013. Subject Editor: Lauri Kaila. Abstract. Two new species of scythridid moths collected in mountain territories of Altai are described from Southern Siberia: Scythris bidzilyai sp. n. and S. abruptella sp. n. The external appearance and male genitalia of the adult are illustrated, and the species diagnosed. The relationships of the new species to similar species are discussed. Pe310Me. OnHCPIBAIOTCA BA HOBbIX BAJIA MPAUHBIX MOJIeH 43 IOxHoû CuOupu: Scythris bidzilyai sp. n. u S. abruptella sp. n., coGpaHHPIX B TOPHBIX pañoHax Arras. Jlarorca u300paxkeHHA HMATO A TEHATAJIPHEIX CTPYKTYP, OGCYXJIAIOTCA B3AHMOOTHOIICHHA C OJIH3KUMH BHJAMU. THMOBOM MaTepHa)ı XPAHATCA B KOJIIEK- au JIa60patopun CHCTeMaTHKH KHBOTHBIX H DayHHCTUKH CamapcKoro TOCYHAAPCTBEHHOTO YHUBEPCHTETA (Camapa). Introduction During the last years the fauna of scythridid moths of Southern Siberia has been inten- sively explored. As a result annotated lists of species of this territory and descriptions of many new species have been published (Bengtsson 1997a; Bengtsson & LiSka 1996; Nupponen 2003, 2005, 2007; Sachkov & Sinev 2001; Sinev 1993, 2001). It has become obvious that the knowledge of Lepidoptera (including scythridid moths) occurring in this territory is far from complete. It can be expected that more new species, as well as new distribution records of already described species will be found from adjacent territories. Some small but interesting material, mainly collected by Russian entomologist P. Ya. Ustyuzhanin and also by Ukrainian entomologist O. Bidzilya from Altai, has been re- ceived and included into the collection of the Laboratory of Animals Systematics and Faunistics of the Samara State University. Examination of this material included two new species that are described here. Abbreviation LSSU Laboratory of Animals Systematics and Faunistics of Samara State University, Samara Scythris bidzilyai sp. n. Figs 1, 3 Material. Holotype ©, ‘Poccus, Anrait | Onrynañckuÿ p-H | 15 kM Hue c. Hoxpo | no p. Uys, 6.08.2000 | A. Bug3una [Russia, Altai, Onghudai Distr., 15 km downstream of Chuya from Iodro vil., 6.08.2000, A.Bidzilya leg. |’ , ‘HOLOTYPUS | Scythris bidzilyai Satshkov sp. n. © | Anrait’ (LSSU). Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 172 SACHKOV: New species of scythridid moths from Southern Siberia Description. A dult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 13 mm. Head, antenna, haustellum, collar, teg- ula, thorax and forewing dark brown with slight bronze tinge, without pattern. Hindwing fuscous. Basal segment of labial palpus with erect pale-coloured scales, second and third segments greyish-brown, basal half of second segment with sparse scattered light-col- oured scales. Legs greyish-brown, hindtibia covered by whitish scales and paler than femur, but spurs dark, contrasting with the pale tibia, brush of tibial bristles fuscous. Male genitalia (Fig. 3). Uncus with two slender long, parallel lobes slightly wid- ening towards tip in ventral projection and pointed in lateral aspect; ventral edge basally with two strongly sclerotized oblique processes. Uncus almost 1.5 x length of tegumen. Tegumen large. Basal plate of gnathos straight with triangular medial process; medial process of gnathos long, straight with pointed tip bent downwards, in distal part with large semicircular process on dorsal edge. Phallus long, slightly sigmoid in basal part. Valva curved, distally broadened and rounded. Vinculum large, X-shaped, caudal lobes larger than proximal lobes, widely rounded; depression between them deep U-shaped, medially with narrow chink-form cut. Tergum VIII subquadrangular, membranous. Sternum VIII elongate, distally bifurcate, deeply (up to 1/3) split. Female genitalia. Unknown. Diagnosis. S. bidzilyai sp. n. belongs to the pascuella-group (sensu Bengtsson 1997b) and to the bifissella-complex embracing S. bifissella (Hofmann, 1889), S. minorella Sinev, 2001, S. sibirella Sinev, 2001, and S. hemicycliella Nupponen, 2005. It is sepa- rated from all those species by its long lobes of uncus, the shape of basal processes on the lobes and also details of gnathos, the shape of valva and the sternum VIII. By the length of uncus lobes it resembles S. tabescentella (Staudinger, 1880) but S. bidzilayi sp. n. differs from it by the shape of the gnathos, valva and possibly the smaller size of the imago. Biology. Unknown. Flight period probably in the first half of August. The holotype was collected in a river valley. Distribution. Only known from the type locality. Etymology. The species is named after O. Bidzilya, a Ukrainian lepidopterist who col- lected the holotype. Scythris abruptella sp. n. Figs 2, 4 Material. Holotype ©, ‘Pecn[yonuka] Anraii, | Kom-Arauckuÿ p-H, | 5 km CB n. MaranH- | V3yx | 9. VII.2007 | leg. Yerrokanun IT.A.’, 'HOLOTYPUS | Scythris abruptella Satshkov sp. n. © | Asnrai’ (LSSU). Description. A dult (Fig. 2). Wingspan 14 mm. Head, haustellum, collar, tegula, tho- rax and forewing yellowish-brown; antenna darker. Hindwing pale fuscous, slightly lighter than forewing. Fringe basally darker than in distal part. Basal segment of labial palpus with erect light-coloured scales, other segments pale on upper side and slightly darker on underside. Legs and underside of thorax covered by pale scales. Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Uncus short, bilobed, almost twice shorter than tegumen. Basal plate of gnathos rounded triangle; medial process of gnathos straight, smoothly Nota lepid. 36 (2): 171-174 173 Figs 1-2. Adults; 1. Scythris bidzilyai sp. n., male, holotype. 2. Scythris abruptella sp. n., male, holo- type. Fig. 3. Male genitalia of Scythris bidzilyai sp. n. holotype: a, ventral view; b, lateral view; c, ster- num VIII (top) and tergum VIII (bottom). Fig. 4. Male genitalia of Scythris abruptella sp. n. holotype: a, ventral view; b, sternum VIII; c, ter- gum VIII. tapering to tip, apically slightly down-curved. Phallus arched, smoothly tapering to tip. Valva rather curved, medially broadened, distally elongate, near tip with small sharp process, not reaching top of valva. Inner margin of valva medially with triangular tooth. Vinculum chute-shaped. Tergum VIII trapezoid; sternum VIII triangular posteriorly bifurcate, depth of apical incision 3.8 times shorter than another part of sternum. Female genitalia. Unknown. Diagnosis. S. abruptella sp. n. belongs to the obscurella-group (Bengtsson 1997b). From similar species, e.g., S. hornigii (Zeller, 1855) and S. speyeri (Heinemann, [1876]), the new species differs in male genitalia by the shape of the valva with strongly elongate sharp tip, large medial tooth on the inner margin of the valva, and by the absence of a whitish long streak in the forewing. S. bengtssoni Patoëka & Liska, 1989 has a small subapical process on the valva near its apex but it lacks a tooth on the inner margin of the valva. The shape of the phallus and sternum VII also separates abruptella and bengtssoni, as do the external features. Biology. Flight period of the imago is in the first third of July. Distribution. Altai. 174 SACHKOV: New species of scythridid moths from Southern Siberia Etymology. Abruptus (Lat.) — unexpected. The species name is based on the unex- pected status as a new species after the dissection of genitalia. Acknowledgements I am very grateful to Dr Sergey Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg, Zoological Institute of RAS) for providing ac- cess to the collection of ZISP, and for confirming the status of the above described species as new. I am very thankful to Dr Oleksy Bidzilya and Dr Peter Ya. Ustyuzhanin for letting me examine their material of Scythrididae. I also wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr Dmitry F. Shovkoon for the photographs of moths and their genitalia. References Bengtsson, B. A. 1997a. Notes on interesting scythridids in the Zoological Museum, Helsinki, Finland (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae). — Entomologica Fennica 8 (2): 89—102. Bengtsson, B. A. 1997b. Scythrididae. Pp. 1-301. — Jn: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt & L. Lyneborg (eds), Microlepidoptera of Europe, Vol. 2. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup. Bengtsson, B. A. & J. Lika 1996. Notes on Asian scythridids with description of four new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae). — Phegea 24: 33-39. Nupponen, K. 2003. Contribution to the scythridid fauna of southern Buryatia, with description of seven new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae). — Entomologica Fennica 14: 25—45. Nupponen, K. 2005. Notes on Palaearctic Scythrididae, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae). — Entomologica Fennica 16: 165-174. Nupponen, K. 2007. Notes on the Scythrididae fauna of the Volgo-Ural region and southern Buryatia, with one new synonym and descriptions of six new species (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae). - SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 35 (138): 231-249. Sachkov, S. A. & S. Yu. Sinev 2001. A new species of the genus Scythris Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) from Transbaikalia. — Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg 291: 27—30. [In Russian]. Sinev, S. Yu. 1993. New and little-known species of the genus Scythris (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) from Altai. — Vestnik Zoologii 2: 53-57. [in Russian]. Sinev, S. Yu. 2001. New and little-known species of the genus Scythris Hbn (Lepidoptera, Scythrididae) from the Asiatic part of Russia. — Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg 291: 3—26. [In Russian]. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 175-178 175 The first record of Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) (Geometridae) from Ukraine VLADIMIR V. SAVCHUK! & NATALYA S. KAJIGORODOVA ? Crimean branch of the Ukrainian Entomological Society, Gagarina, 8—31, Primorskiy, UA-98177 Feodosiya, Crimea, Ukraine; ' okoem@km.ru; ? nostalgi-ka@yandex.ru Received 1 June 2011; reviews returned 1 November 2011; accepted 9 September 2013. Subject Editor: Axel Hausmann. Abstract. The first record of the rare European geometrid moth Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) for the fauna of the Ukraine is presented. Immature stages and adults are figured. Introduction Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) was recorded from northeasternmost Italy, Slovenia, Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel (Hausmann 2001). The species was found by the authors in two localities in eastern Crimea (Fig. 1). Since it is absent from the recent list of Ukrainian Geometridae (Kostjuk 2004) and neither listed for that country in the database of European Lepidoptera (Karsholt & Nieukerken [eds] 2012), we report it as new for the fauna of the Ukraine. Material and Methods Ukraine, Crimea, 2 km NW of Staryy Krym, Agarmysh Mt., 600 m, steppefied rocky south-facing slope, 31.v11.2009, Savchuk & Kajgorodova leg., 12 final instar larvae; 2 vi11.2010, Savchuk leg., several dozens of final instar larvae; 31.v11.2011, Savchuk leg., more than a hundred larvae of different, mainly early instars. Ukraine, Crimea, 5 km N of Krasnokamenka, Frenk-Mezer Mt., 660 m, 3.v111.2009, Kajgorodova leg., steppefied rocky hilltop, 3 final instar larvae. Collected larvae were reared on the natural host plant, but under artificial conditions. Ova were obtained from reared adults, which produced additional larvae. Identification was carried out using external features of adults. Results and discussion During faunistic surveys in 2009, we discovered two populations of the rare geometrid moth Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) on an extensive xerophytic south-east- ern hillside of Agarmysh Mt. and on a moderately-sized bare hilltop of Frenk-Mezer Mt. Both localities are situated in south-eastern Crimea, the distance between them is approximately 10 km. Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 176 SAVCHUK: The first record of Holoterpna pruinosata from Ukraine Fig. 1. Distribution of Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) in the Crimea. From 2010 to 2012 we conducted further research on the phenology and life history of this species. For that purpose the Agarmysh population was studied because it is more easily accessible. The Agarmysh Mountain represents an approximately 6 km long ridge, stretching from northeast towards southwest, with a maximum elevation of 722 m. The north- ern slope is covered by deciduous woodland, the southern slope includes extensive patches of xerophytic, open habitats. The vegetation of the latter is dominated by Poa sterilis Bieb., Bromopsis cappadocica (Boiss. et Bal.) Holub, Cleistogenes serotina (L.) Keng, Asphodeline taurica (Pall. ex Bieb.) Kunth, Anthyllis biebersteiniana Popl., Sideritis catillaris Juz., Salvia scabiosifolia Lam. s.l., Ferulago galbanifera (Mill.) Koch, Artemisia caucasica Willd., Cerastium tauricum Spreng., Cerastium glutinosum Fries, Holosteum umbellatum L., Coronilla scorpioides (L.) Koch, Muscari neglectum Guss., Gagea spp. and Ornithogalum spp. (Kamenskikh 2011). Under natural conditions all larvae were found among the fruits of Ferulago gal- banifera (Mill.) W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) (Fig. 2). The adult larva is short and plump, greenish-yellow, with a reddish head. Ventral side without pattern, dorsally with 10 brown transverse fasciae, the four outer ones significantly less pronounced than the rest. In captivity the larvae were reared on the natural host plant; apart from that, they successfully accepted generative parts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae). The larva attaches itself to the host plant’s peduncles with its prolegs and feeds on nearby flower buds, flowers and developing fruits. At rest it takes up a characteristic curved position (Fig. 3). In captivity the larval development from hatching from egg to com- pletion of feeding took 20 days. For pupation the larva builds, among leaf litter or in Nota lepid. 36 (2): 175-178 Jr the soil, a yellow, loose, reticulate cocoon. Pupation takes place two days after the completion of the cocoon; no larval aesti- vation was observed. Male pupae are 11—13 mm long, those of females 14—16 mm, ochreous with dark speckling, most conspicuous on the wing shafts (Fig. 4). The cremaster bears a row of eight hooked setae (Fig. 5). Pupae over- winter, many do so twice. In captivity we observed one case of development without a diapause with the adult emerging shortly after pupation. In that case the pupal stage lasted for 14 days. Emergence of moths from pupae that overwintered in captivity took place be- tween May 18 and July 2. However, judg- ing from the larval records in nature, we assume that the natural flight period takes Fig. 2. Ferulago galbanifera (Mill.) W.D.J. Koch place during the second half of July. (Apiaceae), larval host plant. — E Ÿ Fig. 3-5. Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897), Crimea, 2 km NW of Staryy Krym, Agarmysh Mt., 600 m, 31.v11.2009. 3. Final-instar larva; 4. Pupa; 5. Cremaster of pupa. Moths emerge during the afternoon with males starting to actively fly in the evening of the same day, looking for females and mating with them. Oviposition starts two days after mating. Ova are glabrate, oval, yellow, and deposited either singly or in groups on the shoots and flower buds of the host plant. Egg development takes five days. 178 SAVCHUK: The first record of Holoterpna pruinosata from Ukraine Figs 6, 7. Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897), Crimea, 2 km NW of Staryy Krym, Agarmysh Mt. 600 m. 6. Ex larva, ©, 24.v1.2012. 7. Ex larva, 9, 20.v1.2012. Adults are aphagous, in captivity their lifespan is between two and seven days. Forewing length is 10-14 mm in males, 14—18 mm in females. Ground colour of head, pronotum, legs, abdomen and wing upper side is plain bluish-green (Figs 6, 7); in some individuals the hindwings are paler coloured than the forewings. Forewing costal margin and antennal shaft are white. Underside of both fore- and hindwings is bluish-green, gradually becoming paler towards the anal margin, which is almost white. Proboscis 1s reduced. Our records significantly expand the known distribution of H. pruinosata both in Europe and globally. Since the species was reported for Europe as ‘highly endangered, perhaps near extinction’ (Hausmann 2001) our records may also be of interest to those working on nature conservation. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Vlad Proklov (Saratov, Russia) for his assistance in preparation of the article and for the English translation. References Hausmann, A. 2001. Introduction. Archiearinae, Orthostixinae, Desmobathrinae, Alsophilinae, Geometri- nae. Pp. 1-282. — In: A. Hausmann (ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe 1. — Apollo Books, Sten- strup. Kamenskikh, L. N. 2011. Flora and vegetation of the Agarmysh ridge. — Bulleten’ Glavnogo Botaniches- kogo Sada 195: 91-129. [In Russian. | Karsholt O. & E. J. van Nieukerken (eds) 2012. Fauna Europaea: Lepidoptera. — Fauna Europaea, version 2.5, http://www.faunaeur.org. Accessed 15 June 2013. Kostjuk, I. Yu. 2004. Modern state of study of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) in Ukraine: preliminary list and new records. — Proceedings of the Zoological Museum of Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Vol. 2: 93-109. [In Ukrainian]. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 179-187 179 Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid species and new ge- nus from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) Kari NUPPONEN ! & PASI SIHVONEN ” ! Merenneidontie 19 D, FI-02320 Espoo, Finland; Kari.Nupponen@kolumbus.fi 2 Corresponding author: Käärmekuusenpolku 4 C 11, FI-02880 Veikkola, Finland, and Research Affairs, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 33, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; pasi.sihvonen@helsinki.fi Received 19 February 2013; reviews returned 6 March 2013; accepted 19 May 2013. Subject Editor: Sven Erlacher. Abstract. A new geometrid genus, Dorsispina, with the type species Dorsispina furcicornaria sp. n. (Lepi- doptera: Geometridae: Ennominae), is described and illustrated from the River Emba, western Kazakhstan. A single adult male was found in late September, flying rapidly in sunshine about two hours before sunset in a sandy riverside dune surrounded by chalk steppes. The species has several unique, diagnostic features not seen in other Palaearctic Geometridae, for instance a thorax with a Y-shaped sclerotised extension and abdominal tergites 3—8 that are densely covered with sclerotised spines. Systematic position of Dorsispina within the Ennominae is uncertain; it is tentatively classified in the Ennominae tribe Boarmiini. Various ab- dominal sclerotisations across Ennominae taxa from the tribes Boarmiini (Biston Leach, [1815] 1830 and related genera), Wilemanini and Desertobini, are illustrated and their potential relationships are discussed. Introduction The first author has collected Lepidoptera very extensively in Russia, particularly in the Ural area, western Kazakhstan and southern Siberia. Since 1996, altogether about 45 field trips have been carried out, comprising 22 months in the field. During a field trip in Kazakhstan in September 2012, an unknown, diurnal Geometridae species was discovered (Fig. 1). The encounter was unusual: while taking a bath in the middle of a shallow river, the moth flew rapidly like a bullet towards the senior author and landed in the water. The long-haired moth became wet immediately and sunk into the water within a few seconds. The specimen was captured by hands and put in a soap box for carrying to the base camp, where it was dried and set. Examination of its morphology revealed it to have unique structures, for instance a Y-shaped sclerotised extension on its thorax, which has not been described for any Geometridae taxa in the Palaearctic region. The purpose of this paper is to describe the above mentioned taxon as a new species, to classify it into a new genus, and to assess its systematic position within the Ennominae. Methods To minimize the risk of creating a new synonym, we examined all pertinent litera- ture (e.g., Mironov et al. 2008; Prout 1912-16; Viidalepp 1996; Wehrli 1939-1954; Zoological Record Plus 2013), studied all the relevant taxa listed in The Geometrid Moths of the World (Parsons et al. 1999), and examined specimens at major entomolog- ical collections. The latter include for instance The Natural History Museum, London, Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 180 NUPPONEN & SIHVONEN: Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid from Kazakhstan United Kingdom (BMNH), the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZRAS) and Zoological Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland (ZMH). We also consulted numerous lepidopterists, particu- larly in Russia, who are experts in the local fauna and who have access to local museum collections and who know the holdings extensively. Genitalia were prepared following methods described by Hardwick (1950). Ter- minology for the male genitalia follows Klots (1970) and Kristensen (2003) and for the wing venation McGuffin (1977). Nomenclature follows Parsons et al. (1999). A comparative morphological method was used, 1.e. the morphology of the new taxon was compared against other potentially related taxa, to infer the systematic posi- tion of the taxon in question. The approach relies on similarities only, homologies of the structures were not tested in a phylogenetic context. Dorsispina gen. n. Type species: Dorsispina furcicornaria sp. n. Diagnosis. Brown and beige wings, combined with brown line in the middle of fore- wing, which is parallel with costa (Fig. 1). Thorax with a Y-shaped sclerotised exten- sion (Fig. 7). Abdominal tergites 3—8 densely covered with sclerotised spines (Fig. 14). The male genitalia with asymmetric uncus and no gnathos. Phallus is narrow, curved, and vesica is without sclerotisations. Description. See below the description of Dorsispina furcicornaria sp. n. Systematic position. The position within Ennominae is supported by the wing vena- tion, particularly by the hindwing vein M,, which is vestigial, yet weakly tubular. The genus is tentatively classified in the tribe Boarmiini (sensu Holloway 1994), due to similarities with a few Palaearctic taxa in habitus, male genitalia and abdominal scler- ites. See Figs 1-6 and Discussion. Etymology. The genus name Dorsispina refers to the abdominal tergites 3—8, which are densely covered with stout sclerotised spines. The name is derived from Latin: dorsi = genitive form of dorsal, spina = thorn. Dorsispina furcicornaria sp. n. Figs 1, 4, 7, 14 Material. Holotype ©, labeled: ‘HOLOTYPE | Dorsispina | furcicornaria | Nupponen & Sihvonen [red rectangle label]’, ‘KAZAKHSTAN | 47°12'25" N 55°28'49" E | Emba river, 47 m [a.s.l.], | Besbai vil- lage 2 km E | 25.9.2012, K. Nupponen leg.’, ‘Prep. number 1877 | Pasi Sihvonen’, ‘DNA sample | No. 175 | Pasi Sihvonen’ (coll. Kari & Timo Nupponen, Espoo, Finland)’. Holotype can be borrowed via Zoological Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland. Diagnosis. Dorsispina furcicornaria does not externally resemble any other Geometridae species in the Palaearctic region. The colour and pattern of wing markings, brown and beige, remotely resemble Chondrosoma fiduciaria Anker, 1854 (Fig. 2) and Narraga Walker, 1861 species (Macariini) but the patterns are different. The stout abdomen and short, triangular forewings are found in numerous Boarmiini taxa (e.g., C. fiduciaria Nota lepid. 36 (2): 179-187 181 Anker, 1854, Apocheima hispidaria [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, and Lycia zon- aria [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), but the external appearance of those are differ- ent. The thorax with a Y-shaped sclerotised extension (Fig. 7) and abdominal tergites 3-8, which are densely covered with scle- rotised spines (Fig. 14), are unique. The male genitalia of Apochima flabellaria (Heeger, 1838) (Fig. 6) are somewhat sım- ilar but the costa of the valva is not sclero- tised (it is sclerotised in D. furcicornaria), the uncus is bilobed (single ın D. furcicor- naria) and the phallus is straight (curved in D. furcicornaria). External characters and pregenital ab- domen. Male. Wingspan 20 mm (n= 1). Wings brown and beige, weakly suffused with brown, particularly near base (Fig. 1). Figs 1-3. Adult males of Dorsispina furcicornaria Medial line (homology tentative) brown, and morphologically similar species. 1. D. furcicor- narrow and curved inwards near costa. naria, holotype. 2. Chondrosoma fiduciaria, Au- Postmedial line (homology tentative) wide stria: Miinchendorf, 23.x.1910 (wingspan 25 mm, coll. ZMH). 3. Apochima flabellaria, Italy: Sardi- ON Costa, narrow in the middle and paral- nia, 22.1.1987 (wingspan 37 mm, coll. ZMH). lel with costa, partly fused with medial line near inner margin. Terminal area brown, interrupted by beige veins. Forewing apex with beige wedge. Terminal line beige, concolorous with wings. Fringes brown. Lines continued on hindwings. Discal spots indistinct, brown, elongated. Wings below as above, slightly paler. Forewing with 5 radial veins, veins R,_, arising from com- mon stalk. Accessory cells absent. Hindwing veins Sc+R, and Rs parallel, not fused. Hindwing vein M, vestigial, weakly tubular. Eyes small. Frons, collar and thorax mixed brown and beige. Thorax with prominent, Y-shaped sclerotised extension, with smaller lateral lobes at base (Fig. 7). Antennae bipectinate, pectinations long. Foreleg tibia with flat epiphysis, about same length as tibia. Hindleg tibia not swollen, with two minute apical spurs. Abdomen blackish. Tympanal organs large, sclerotised, almost meeting medially. Ansa bottle-shaped, very wide at base. Sternite 2 sclerotised, other sternites undifferentiated. Tergite 2 with narrow, long setae. Tergites 3—8 densely covered with sclerotised spines, base beige, apex dark (Fig. 14). Head, thorax and abdomen covered with long hair, majority of these were detached during immersion in water and the consequent drying process. Variation. Unknown, only one male is known. See Remarks. Genitalia. Male genitalia (Fig. 4). Uncus wide, spatulate, weakly setose. Socii small, membranous, covered with setae. Gnathos absent. Tegumen narrow, sclerotised. Juxta large, U-shaped, posterior margin deeply invaginated. Valva wide, short, mem- 182 NUPPONEN & SIHVONEN: Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid from Kazakhstan Figs 4-6. Male genitalia and phallus of Dorsispina furci- cornaria and morphologically similar species (figures not to scale). 4. D. furcicornaria, ho- lotype (coll. Nupponen, slide 1877/PasiSihvonen).5. Chon- drosoma fiduciaria, Hungary: Budapest, 28.x. 1945 (coll. ZMH, slide 1390/Pası Sihvo- nen). 6. Apochima flabellaria, Italy: Sardinia, 22.1.1987 (coll. ZMH, slide 1405/Pasi Sihvo- nen). branous. Ventral margin slightly concave below apex. Dorsal margin (costa) sclerotis- ed, weakly triangular. Apex weakly setose, with minute hook. Saccus concave. Phallus curved, widest in the middle, tapering towards acute apex. Caecum absent. Vesica not everted, presumably narrow tube, without sclerotisations. Female genitalia. Female ıs unknown. Distribution. Only the holotype male is known from western Kazakhstan. Biology. The flight period of the D. furcicornaria is presumably restricted to late au- tumn. The moth was observed in late September, and during the same period the flight of some other late autumn species started in the region, such as Dasypolia timoi Fibiger & Nupponen, 2006, Ulochlaena hirta (Hübner, [1813]) and Deuterotinea casanella Eversmann, 1844. D. furcicornaria seems to be diurnal: the specimen was in active flight about two hours before sunset (i.e. at 6 p.m.) in sunshine. The temperature was > 25°C, there was a clear sky and no wind. The collecting site is a riverside sand dune, Nota lepid. 36 (2): 179-187 183 sclerotisation antenna Fig. 7. Dorsal Y-shaped sclerotisation on the thorax of Dorsispina furcicornaria, holotype; a: ventral view; b: lateral view. surrounded by a large chalk steppe (Fig. 8). The potential habitats of D. furcicornaria are riverside sand dunes and chalk steppes (Fig. 9). The immature stages remain un- known. Etymology. The species name furcicornaria refers to the fork-shaped, horn-like dorsal sclerotisation on the thorax. The name ıs derived from Latin: furca = fork, cornu = horn and the ending -aria refers to the pectinate antennae. Remarks. Only a single male of this new taxon is known. Potentially one addition- al specimen exists in the Falcovitsch collection in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (Jaan Viidalepp, pers. comm.). Despite efforts, the specimen has not been located (Vladimir Mironov, pers. comm.). A foreleg of the holotype has been submitted to the DNA analysis (barcode region of the mito- chondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, 658 base pairs) to be carried out in the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Ontario, Canada. The holotype has been under water, thus potentially diminishing the probability of recovering the DNA. At the time of manuscript preparation, the BOLD database (www.boldsystems.org) did not contain DNA barcodes of the taxa that are morphologically similar to D. furcicornaria. Discussion The systematic position of Dorsispina furcicornaria within the Ennominae is uncer- tain. We place it tentatively in the tribe Boarmiini sensu Holloway (1994; see also Sihvonen et al. 2011, who provided molecular support for Holloway’s broad concept of Boarmiini), in the group of taxa that were classified earlier in Bistonini. Lack of phylo- 184 NUPPONEN & SIHVONEN: Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid from Kazakhstan PER nt ee Crate se = 2 ER, Figs 8, 9. Collecting site of Dorsispina furcicornaria. 8. Kazakhstan: Aktyubinskaya Oblast, Emba river, 2 km East of Besbai village, 25.1x.2012. Photo: Kari Nupponen. 9. The edge of riverside sand dunes and chalk steppe, habitat of Dorsispina furcicornaria. Photo: Pavel Gorbunov. genetic framework and absence of critical, modern generic revision of Boarmiini make the assessment of a more exact systematic position difficult. The Boarmiini relation- ship is supported by external habitus with several taxa, for instance Chondrosoma fi- duciaria Anker, 1854 (Fig. 2), Apocheima hispidaria and several Lycia Hübner, [1825] 1816 species. The wing venation of D. fur- cicornaria is of characteristic Ennominae type, being essentially the same as in Deser- tobia Viidalepp, 1989 (see Viidalepp 1989) and Chondrosoma fiduciaria (our observa- tion). The male genitalia of D. furcicorna- ria do not fit with any generic concepts of Boarmiini, but they are similar to Apochima flabellaria (Heeger, 1838) (Fig. 6), sharing with it for instance the asymmetric uncus, short, stout valvae, and the absence of gna- thos (Figs 4-6). A. flabellaria does not have, however, any sclerotised structures in the abdominal tergites that are charac- Fig. 10. Male abdominal tergites 1—5 of Desertobia teristic for D. furcicornaria (Fig. 14). The nocturna Viidalepp, 1989 (after Viidalepp 1989). male genitalia of those taxa that have scle- rotisations in the abdominal tergites (see Figs 10-14) are structurally different from that of D. furcicornaria sp. n. When a combination of several characters is evaluated, D. furcicornaria, C. fiduciaria and A. flabellaria appear morphologically the most sim- ilar (Figs 1—6). Viidalepp (1989) has applied the names Zamacrini and Apochimini to the genus Apochima Agassiz, 1847, but potentially these are introduced in a way that Nota lepid. 36 (2): 179-187 185 N à Milan wt NN WH it D fe \ y NA h 14 MA Ne N DU NT N RAF! NU RAIN N Figs 11-14. Male abdominal tergites, with details ee re not to 11. Lycia lapponaria (Boisduval), Finland: Vähäkyrô, 26.iv.1946 (coll. ZMH, slide PS1361/Pasi Sihvonen). 12. Chondrosoma fiduciaria Anker, Hungary: Budapest, 28.x.1945 (coll. ZMH, slide PS1390/Pasi Sihvonen). 13. Wilemania nitobei (Nitobe), Japan: Bushi, Iruma, 24.x1.1973 (coll. BMNH, slide PS1867/Pasi Sihvonen). 14. Dorsi- spina furcicornaria (coll. Nupponen, slide PS1877/Pasi Sihvonen). does not fulfill the requirements of Article 13 of the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2012; see also Beljaev 2008). Abdominal tergites 3—8 of D. furcicornaria are densely covered with sclerotised spines (Fig. 14). We have not found similar structures elsewhere in the Palaearctic Ennominae, but various sclerotised structures on abdominal tergites are found in sev- eral Ennominae taxa (Figs 10-13). Unfortunately there is no phylogenetic framework available that would allow evaluating whether these structures are homoplastic or not. Tergites are densely covered with elongated scales in several Lycia (our observation) (Fig. 11) and Biston Leach, 1815 species (Boarmiini); in a few species in the latter these are partly developed to spines (Jiang et al. 2011). Wide, blunt-ending sclerotisa- tions are found in Chondrosoma fiduciaria Anker, 1854 (Boarmiini), those are the most developed in tergites 2—4 (Fig. 12). In the East Palaearctic Wilemania nitobei (Nitobe, 1907) (Wilemanini), the sclerotisations are wide, with acute apex (Fig. 13). Those are structurally similar to the structures found in Desertobia Viidalepp, 1989 (Fig. 10), classified in the Desertobiini (Viidalepp 1989). According to Beljaev (2000), Semide- sertobia Beljaev, 2000 is potentially related. The latter lacks abdominal sclerotisations, 186 NUPPONEN & SIHVONEN: Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid from Kazakhstan but tergites are covered with numerous firm fork-like scales. Beljaev (2000) also pro- posed Desertobiini to be a junior synonym of Boarmiini. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships. The function of the abdominal sclerotisations is unknown. The function of the peculiar thorax structure, the Y-shaped sclerotised extension, with smaller lateral extensions at the base (Fig. 7) in D. furcicornaria is also unknown. Potentially it may play a role in eclosion during the emergence of the imago from the pupal case. Apochima flabellaria, which might be related on the basis of the male geni- talia structures, does not have dorsal sclerotisations on the thorax but it does have a small sclerotised, triangular structure on the dorsal margin of the frons. Acknowledgements We thank Jaan Viidalepp (Tartu, Estonia) and Vladimir Mironov (St. Petersburg, Russia) for their efforts to establish the identity of the taxon and for the efforts to locate a potential second specimen in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. Fig. 10 is reprinted with permission from the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. Axel Hausmann (Munich, Germany) helped with the latin grammar. Our thanks are also due to Pavel Gorbunov (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for organizing the expedition to Kazakhstan, and to the following persons for various kinds of sup- port and assistance: Risto Haverinen (Vantaa, Finland), Lauri Kaila (Helsinki, Finland), Elena Nupponen (Espoo, Finland), Timo Nupponen (Espoo, Finland), Vladimir Olschwang (Ekaterinburg, Russia) and Kimmo Silvonen (Espoo, Finland). Evgeny A. Beljaev (Vladivostok, Russia) and one anonymous referee are thanked for their valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. References Beljaev, E. A. 2000. Remarkable new genus and species of the geometrid moths from Central Asia, related to the genus Desertobia Viidalepp, 1989 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) with notes on the taxonomy of the Desertobiini. — Tinea 16: 240-245. Beljaev, E. A. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Geometridae and its subfamilies (Lepido- ptera). Meetings in memory of N. A. Cholodkovsky 60: 1—238. [In Russian with English summary]. Hardwick, D. F. 1950. Preparation of slide mounts of Lepidopterous genitalia. — Canadian Entomologist 82: 231-235. Holloway, J. D. 1994 (dated 1993). The moths of Borneo, part 11: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Enno- minae. — Malayan Nature Journal 47: 1- 309. ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) 2012. International code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th ed. Available online at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code. Accessed 20 May 2013. Jiang, N., D. Xue & H. Han 2011. A review of Biston, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species. — Zookeys 139: 45—96. Klots, A. B. 1970. Lepidoptera. Pp. 115-130. — In: S. L. Tuxen (ed.), Taxonomists’ glossary of genitalia in insects. — Munksgaard, Copenhagen. Kristensen, N. P. 2003. Skeleton and muscles: adults. Pp. 39—122.—Jn: N. P. Kristensen (ed.), Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Vol. 2: Morphology, Physiology, and Development. Handbook of Zoology, vol- ume IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, part 36. — Walter de Gruyter, Berlin. McGuffin, W. C. 1977. Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera), II, Subfamily Ennominae 2. — Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 101: 1-191. Mironov, V. G., E. A. Beljaev & S. V. Vasilenko 2008. Fam. Geometridae. Pp. 190-227. — In: S. Yu. Sinev (ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. - KMK Scientific Press, St. Petersburg, Moscow. Parsons, M. S., M. J. Scoble, M. R. Honey, L. M. Pitkin & B. R. Pitkin 1999. The Catalogue. Pp. 1—1016. — In: M. J. Scoble (ed.), Geometrid Moths of the World: a Catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). — CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. Prout, L. B. 1912—1916. Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Pp. 1-479. — In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Vol. 4. — Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 179-187 187 Sihvonen, P., M. Mutanen, L. Kaila, G. Brehm, A. Hausmann & H. S. Staude 2011. Comprehensive mo- lecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). — PLoS ONE 6 (6): e20356. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020356. Viidalepp, J. 1989. A new genus and a new tribus of Geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae: De- sertobini, trib. n.). — Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Leningrad 200: 94—109. [In Russian]. Viidalepp, J. 1996. Checklist of the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) of the former U.S.S.R. — Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 111 pp. Wehrli, E. 1939-1954. Die Spanner des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Pp. 254—766. — In: A. Seitz (ed.), Die Groß-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Vol. 4, Supplement. — Verlag A. Kernen, Stuttgart. Zoological Record Plus 2013: An online database, available at http://search.proquest.com/zoological- record/index?accountid = 11365. Accessed 12 February 2013. | I nl \ SR Ne K ie Mi | m. ~~ u Nota lepid. 36 (2): 189-190 189 First record of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaenidae) from Turkey TARKAN SOYHAN |, SUHA BASER * & VAZRICK NAZARI ' Goksu evleri Oyacicegi sk. B 160 A (34815), Anadoluhisari, Istanbul, Turkey; tarkan.soyhan@yahoo.com 2 Valide cesme Aktarlar sk. Akdogan apt. 13/3 (34357) Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey; suha.baser@gmail.com * Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3058-C KW Neatby bldg., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON KIA 0C6 Canada; nazariv@agr.gc.ca Received 22 November 2012; reviews returned 8 January 2013; accepted 16 January 2013. Subject Editor: Zdenék F. Fric. Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898, originally described from South Africa, was acciden- tally introduced into the Balearic archipelago through importation of its ornamental host plant (Pelargonium; Geraniaceae), and has been expanding its range in Europe and northern Africa since 1988 (Marko & Verovnik 2009; Tshikolovets 2011). The first re- cords came from Mallorca (1988), Belgium (1991), mainland Spain (1992), Italy (1996) and Morocco (1997). The current range of the species in the Palaearctic region is given as Canary Islands, Madeira, Morocco, Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands, southern France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia, Croatia, Malta, Greece, as well as single records of introduced individuals from southern England, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany (Tshikolovets 2011). In Greece, the species was first found on Corfu in 2008 (Parker 2010), and a year later also in Attica (Athens & Spétses Island; Anastassiu et al. 2010; Coutsis et al. 2011; Martinou et al. 2011). Recorded host plants include Geranium and Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) (South Africa) as well as imported and cultivated Pelargonium in Europe (Eitschberger & Stamer 1990; Marko & Verovnik 2009). Cacyreus marshalli had never before been recorded in Turkey. Our first observation of a specimen was in Gündoÿan (Bordum district) in August 2011. Because no speci- mens were collected and photographed at that time, the region was surveyed again in 2012. On the 23rd of October 2012, we collected the first male specimen (Figs 1, 2) in Bodrum, Giindogan (N 37° 8'56.48”, E 27° 20'9.55”; Fig. 3), nectaring on Pe- largonium. The specimen is currently deposited in the research collection of the first author. A systematic investigation of the scale of larval damage to Pelargonium plants in the area remains to be done. This area is a touristic region in the southwest of Turkey near the Aegean Sea. The approximate location of our observation in Turkey is given in the distribution map (Fig. 3). Bodrum Peninsula is only about 15 km linear distance from the Greek Dodecanese island of Kalymnos, where C. marshalli was observed at several locations near Panormos in October 2011 (Kissling 2012). It is to be expected that this invasive species will spread further in the Eastern Mediterranean Region along the Turkish coast. Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 190 SOYHAN et al.: First record of Cacyreus marshalli from Turkey See ER ais Ki ln Kuh a + Ba Fig. 3. Known distribution of Cacyreus marshalli in Europe and North Africa (shaded area; modified from Tshikolovets 2011), and the approximate position of the observation in Turkey (red circle, arrow). Acknowledgements We would like to thank two anonymous Nota reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of this paper. References Anastassiu, H. T., N. Ghavalas & J. G. Coutsis 2010. First record of Cacyreus marshalli in Greece, and comments on the potential occurrence of Zizeeria karsandra on the Greek island of Crete (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). — Phegea 38 (3): 85-92. Coutsis, J. G., H. T. Anastassiu & N. Ghavalas 2011. An explanatory note on a previous article of ours, population fluctuations of the imported Cacyreus marshalli in Greece, and an assessment of its being a potential threat through larval competition to native butterflies with Geranium feeding larvae (Lepi- doptera: Lycaenidae). — Phegea 39 (2): 43—44. Eitschberger, U. & P. Stamer 1990. Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898, eine neue Tagfalterart fiir die euro- päische Fauna? (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). — Atalanta 21 (1/2): 101-108. Kissling, T. 2012. Cacyreus marshalli. — http://www.lepiforum.de/cgi-bin/2_forum.pl?md=read;id=8467 1. Accessed December 2012. Marko, K. & R. Verovnik 2009. First record of Cacyreus marshalli (Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Penin- sula. — Nota lepidopterologica 32 (1): 81-82. Martinou, A. F., D. Papachristos & P. G. Milonas 2011. Report of the Geranium Bronze Butterfly, Cacyreus marshalli for mainland Greece. — Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 4: 31-34. Parker, R. 2010. Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) newly recorded for Corfu, with notes on other butterflies on the island in September 2008. — Entomologist’s Gazette 61: 40—42. Tshikolovets, V. V. 2011. Butterflies of Europe and the Mediterranean Area. — Vadim Tshikolovets publica- tions, 544 pp. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 191-197 191 Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and little known females BOYAN ZLATKOV Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology and Anthropology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; bzlatkov@gmail.com Received 11 September 2013; reviews returned 26 September 2013; accepted 30 September 2013. Subject Editor: Jadranka Rota. Abstract. The females of Cnephasia heringi Razowski, 1958 and Gypsonoma obraztsovi Amsel, 1959 are described and illustrated. Females of C. daedalea Razowski, 1983 are associated with males of C. helle- nica Obraztsov, 1956, resulting in a new synonymy: C. daedalea syn. n. of C. hellenica. The formerly un- known female of Dichrorampha rilana Drenowsky, 1909 is described and illustrated. Introduction In Tortricidae, as in many other insect groups, the morphology of the male genitalia is well-studied and frequently used for taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes, whereas the female genitalia often are less characteristic, receiving relatively limited attention. The females of many species are rarely collected in comparison with their conspecific males, and in some species females are still unknown. Consequently, many tortricid species are either incompletely described or their alleged females actually belong to different species. Field research in Bulgaria over the last few years has resulted in abundant material for various members of the family Tortricidae, including females of four species that were unknown or dubiously assigned to their male counterparts. The purpose of this pa- per is to describe and illustrate the females of these species and discuss the taxonomic and/or nomenclatural implications of these discoveries. Methods Moths were collected by netting and sweeping with an aerial net in afternoon and twilight and by light-trapping. Several types of lamps were used for collecting at light: MBFT 160 W, “actinic” tubes 8 W and 13 W, and “blacklight” tubes 8 W, all pow- ered by batteries and/or a generator. The material was spread immediately following its collection, and abdomens subsequently were dissected in the laboratory follow- ing the standard procedure of Robinson (1976). The material is preserved in the au- thor’s collection, a part of the entomological collection of the Faculty of Biology, Sofia University. Nota lepidopterologica, 20.12.2013, ISSN 0342-7536 192 ZLATKOV: Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and little known females Results Cnephasia heringi Razowski, 1958 Figs 1, 2, 11 Material. Bulgaria, Struma valley, Rupite area near Petrich, the volcanic hill of Kozhuh, 200 m, N 41°27'39" E 23° 15'24”, 19 13.v1.2008, leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov (coll. B. Zlatkov); Pirin Mts, near Ilindentsi, 470-540 m, N 41°39'05—10” E 23° 1443-47", 19 14.vi.2008, leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov (coll. B. Zlatkov); 19 3.vi.2012; 490°, 399 13.v1.2012. Razowski (1958, 1959) described and illustrated the female genitalia of C. heringi, but later reversed his opinion (Razowski 2002), assuming that the illustrated females prob- ably were not conspecific with the male of C. heringi. Thus the female of this species was in need of further investigation. Material collected recently from southwestern Bulgaria provided resolution to this problem. Males collected on several occasions from different localities were initially associated with a synchronous and syntopic fe- male, the genitalia of which demonstrated similarity with the female genitalia of C. heringi illustrated by Razowski (1958). A longer series of male and female specimens (all collected on the same date and locality in 2012) confirmed that these females are indeed conspecific with the males of C. heringi. Females are larger (forewing length 8.0—9.2 mm, median 8.4; n=5) than males (forewing length 6.6—8.3 mm, median 7.5; n= 5). In both sexes the shape and mark- ings of the forewing are very similar, with some variation (Figs 1, 2). The female geni- talia (Fig. 11) have relatively slender lateral arms of the sterigma and a very short sclerite at the ostium with longer lateral parts. The colliculum is rather long, with a narrower and asymmetrical anterior end, ca. 1/2 the length of the entire ductus bursae, separated from the sterigma by a membranous area. The ductus seminalis originates from the anterior half of the portion of ductus bursae located between the colliculum and the corpus bursae. The signum is narrow, ca. 3/4 the length of the corpus bursae. Habitat in Bulgaria: Dry, rocky areas up to 550 m a. s. |. in the southwestern part of the country. Cnephasia hellenica Obraztsov, 1956 Figs 3-5, 12 Cnephasia daedalea Razowski, 1983 syn. n. Material. NE Bulgaria, Black Sea coast, Topola village near Balchik, 100 m, 19 29-30.v.2010, leg. O. Karsholt (Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen); near Kaliakra Cape, Bolata place, 50 m, N 43° 22'59" E 28° 28'03", 70 C, 299 24.v.2012, leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov (coll. B. Zlatkov). C. helenica was described by Obraztsov (1950) from a single male collected in Greece. Obraztsov (1957) later emended the name to hellenica. The female was un- known until now. This species was reported recently from Bulgaria from males only (Beaumont 2011), which led me to search for females. In May 2012, I collected a long series of Cnephasia from a steppe habitat at the Northern Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. The characteristic male genitalia confirmed my supposition that they were C. hellenica, but among the series were two female specimens with the same wing pattern as male Nota lepid. 36 (2): 191-197 193 Figs 1-8. Adults. 1, 2. Cnephasia heringi Razowski, male (1) and female (2) (Bulgaria, Ilindentsi). 3— 5. Cnephasia hellenica Obraztsov, males (3, 5) and female (4) (Bulgaria, Kaliakra cape). 6. Gypsonoma obraztsovi Amsel, female (Bulgaria, Primorsko). 7, 8. Dichrorampha rilana Drenowsky, male (7) and female (8) (Bulgaria, Vitosha mountain). Figs 1-5 and 7-8 are proportional. Scale bar = 5 mm. C. hellenica. However, the dissected female genitalia appeared identical with those of C. daedalea illustrated by Razowski (1983, 2002). C. daedalea was described from a single female from Sardinia (Razowski 1983), and no further localities were known until 2011. In fact Sumpich (2011) reported C. daedalea from Spain (as new to the Spanish fauna and first record for the European mainland) from two females and four males, and described the “unknown” male genitalia. It should be mentioned that C. hel- lenica was already known from Spain (Razowski 2002). However, the male genitalia illustrated by Sumpich (2011) are a perfect fit with those of C. hellenica. Based on these observations, I conclude that hellenica and daedalea are conspecific and that C. dae- dalea is a junior synonym of C. hellenica. 194 ZLATKOV: Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and little known females Figs 9, 10. Larval host plant and habitat of Dichrorampha rilana Drenowsky. 9. Achillea clusiana Tausch (Bulgaria, Rila mountain, 5.v11.2012); inset: close-up of inflorescence (photograph by O. Sivilov). 10. Ha- bitat (Bulgaria, Rila mountain near Kalin summit, 2500 m a.s.l.) (photograph by O. Sivilov). Females are smaller than males (forewing length 7.0—8.3 mm, median 7.6 mm; n = 3 in females and 7.4—8.5 mm, median 7.8 mm; n = 7 in males), with relatively nar- rower wings. Seemingly, they are rarely collected in comparison with the males. The wing markings are reduced in males, some specimens are nearly monochromous gray or whitish; in contrast, females have more distinct markings (Figs 3—5). Both the male and female genitalia are very characteristic; the male has a thorn-like process near the middle of the sacculus, and the colliculum of the female is wide, more or less reminis- cent of a grape cluster (Fig. 12). The moths are active in late afternoon and at twilight and are also attracted to light. Habitat in Bulgaria: Western Pontic steppes in the north- eastern part of the country near the sea coast where the very limited association Paeonio tenuifoliae-Koelerietum brevis (Tzonev et al. 2006) occurs. Gypsonoma obraztsovi Amsel, 1959 Figs 6, 13 Material. Bulgaria, Black Sea coast, Atanasovsko lake, 0 m, N 42° 34'43” E 27° 29'39", 19 30.v11.2011, leg. S. Beshkov & M. Beshkova (coll. B. Zlatkov); near Primorsko, 0 m, N 42°17’00” E 27°44'42", 19 30.v1.2009, leg. B. Zlatkov & R. Bekchiev (coll. B. Zlatkov). This species was described from Asia (Iran) and subsequently reported from sever- al European countries. It is a rare species and the females are found on rare occa- sions. Razowski (2003) mentioned that the female is unknown, but the same author (Razowski 1966) provided a schematic illustration and a very short description of the female genitalia of a specimen collected in Syria. Here I provide a more detailed de- scription and illustration of the female of G. obraztsovi based on two relatively well- preserved specimens. The wing pattern of the female resembles that of the male (Fig. 6). Forewing length 5.0-5.2 mm (median 5.1; n = 2). In the female genitalia (Fig. 13) the genital plate has round edges and a shallow incision at the distal edge. The sterigma is more or less el- lipsoid, with a sclerotized ring around the ostium bearing lobes on both sides. The ostial Nota lepid. 36 (2): 191-197 195 sclerite is weak, consisting of two parts, and the colliculum is trapezoidal. The ductus bursae is moderate, with a very short membranous posterior part preceded by a com- paratively long wrinkled cingulum and a membranous anterior part with approximately the same length of the cingulum. The corpus bursae has two equal, large, flat signa with rounded ends. The ductus seminalis is inserted dorsolaterally at the proximal end of the cingulum. Habitat in Bulgaria: Wet areas with Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) at low altitude in the southern parts of the country. Dichrorampha rilana Drenowsky, 1909 Figs 7-10, 14 Material. Bulgaria, Rila Mts, above Borovets resort, the path Yastrebets-Musala, 2300 m, N 42° 13'15" E 23° 3443”, 19 5.v11.2012, leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov (coll. B. Zlatkov); near Kalin summit, 2500 m, N 42°10’56” E 23°15°33”, 19 7.vii.2012, leg. B. Zlatkov & O. Sivilov (coll. B. Zlatkov); Vitosha Mts, the path Aleko-Cherni vrah, 2100 m, N 42°34'23" E 23°17'05", 29 13.v11.2012, leg. B. Zlatkov (coll. B. Zlatkov). This species was poorly known and of questionable taxonomic status for a long time. A recent study based on male specimens revealed that it is distinct (Huemer et al. 2012); however, the females remained unknown. Field work ın Bulgarıa resulted ın the discov- ery ofthe female and some data on the biology of D. rilana. For a detailed description of the male see Huemer et al. (2012). Females are slightly smaller than males, with forewing length 6.1-6.5 mm (median 6.3; n = 4), but the wing pattern is identical with those of the males (Figs 7, 8). In the female genitalia (Fig. 14) the subgenital (antevaginal) plate is trapezoidal with rounded anterior angles and weakly concave posterior margin. The sterigma is sclerotized, with a large lip-like, medially incised, anterior lobe and a narrow arched posterior part. The ostium is very wide followed by a sclerotized infundibular part of ductus bursae; the sclerotization is asymmetrical, with longitudinal folds, and bent to the left. The proximal 1/3 of the ductus bursae is membranous, with the ductus seminalis inserted nearby the sclerotized area. The signum is short. The female genitalia are considerably different from those of two closely related species, D. ligulana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) and D. dinarica Huemer, Zlatkov & Baixeras, 2012, especially in the shape of the sterigma. The larval host plant of D. rilana was unknown, although it was presumed to be Achillea (Asteraceae). The most common representative of this plant genus occurring in the subalpine habitats of the moth in Rila mountains is A. clusiana Tausch (Fig. 9), which proved to be the food plant. Numerous individuals were collected by sweeping A. clusiana in the daytime. Other Achillea spp. were also searched for D. rilana without positive results, so the species is likely to be monophagous. The discovery of the food plant allowed targeted investigation for this species in two neighbouring mountain mas- sifs: Pirin (the northern part) and Vitosha, and it was found in both. It should be empha- sized that A. clusiana occurs only on siliceous soils and never on carbonate; correspond- ingly, D. rilana was found only on silicates. It is probable that the distributional range of this species is limited by the rock composition of the high mountain massifs — the mid- dle and southern parts of Pirin consist of limestone, and D. rilana was not found there. 196 ZLATKOV: Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and little known females \ Figs 11-14. Female genitalia. 11. Cnephasia heringi Razowski; 12. Cnephasia hellenica Obraztsov; 13. Gypsonoma obraztsovi Amsel; 14. Dichrorampha rilana Drenowsky. D. rilana does not appear to be a rare species at altitudes of 1800-2600 m, but it is closely associated with its food plant. The former impression of rarity arose from some behavioural features of the species. As a rule, the moths are not very active and fly occasionally for very short distance in late afternoon. Numerous flying individuals (males) were observed only once, just before sunset and under perfect weather condi- tions (calm weather and temperature about 18°C), which is rare at high altitudes in the highest Bulgarian mountains. Females were collected much more rarely than males (to- tal of 260°, 49). The species is now known from the Vitosha, Rila and Pirin mountains. Habitat (Fig. 10): Subalpine herbaceous formations on siliceous soils, sometimes mixed with Pinus mugo Turra (Pinaceae), at altitude 1800—2600 m, with Achillea clu- siana. Acknowledgements I am indebted to Prof. J. Razowski who confirmed the identity of Cnephasia daedalea and provided some helpful suggestions. Thanks are due to Dr. Stoyan Beshkov (Sofia, Bulgaria), Ole Karsholt (Copenhagen, Denmark) for providing material, and Dr. Rossen Tzonev (Sofia) who identified Achillea clusiana. Special thanks to my colleagues Ognyan Sivilov (Sofia) who helped me during the field expeditions and assisted me with the photographical work, and C. W. Plant (Bishops Stortford, U.K.), J. Baixeras (Valencia, Spain) and an anonymous reviewer for the linguistic help and advice that improved an earlier version of the manuscript. Nota lepid. 36 (2): 191-197 197 References Beaumont, H. E. 2011. Cnephasia hellenica Obraztsov, 1956 (Lep. Tortricidae: Tortricinae): an addition to the Bulgarian fauna. — The Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 123: 90. Huemer, P., B. Zlatkov & J. Baixeras 2012. Dichrorampha dinarica, new species, a century of confusion in European lepidopterology (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) resolved by combining morphology and DNA barcoding. — Zootaxa 3389: 41—50. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/z03389p050f.pdf Obraztsov, N. S. 1950. Neue und wenig bekannte mediterrane Tortriciden-Arten (Lep., Tortr.). — Eos 26 (3-4): 299-319. Obraztsov, N. S. 1957. Die Gattungen der palaearktischen Tortricidae. I. Allgemeine Aufteilung der Fami- lie und die Unterfamilien Tortricinae und Sparganothinae. 3. Fortsetzung und Schluss. — Tijdschrift voor entomologie 100 (3): 309-347. Razowski, J. 1958. New and little known Palaearctic species of the genus Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). — Acta zoologica cracoviensia 2 (25): 560—606. Razowski, J. 1959. European species of Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). — Acta zoologica cracov- iensia 10 (3): 179-423. Razowski, J. 1966. Ergebnisse einer österreichischen lepidopterologischen Sammelreise nach Syrien und dem Libanon. Teil IV.: Tortricoidea. — Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 51: 72- 19: Razowski, J. 1983. Descriptions of new Cnephasia Curtis (Tortricidae). — Nota lepidopterologica 6 (4): 235-238. Razowski, J. 2002. Tortricidae of Europe. Vol. 1. Tortricinae and Chlidanothinae. — Slamka, Bratislava. 247 pp. Razowski, J. 2003. Tortricidae of Europe. Vol. 2. Olethreutinae. — Slamka, Bratislava. 301 pp. Robinson, G. S. 1976. The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Mi- _ crolepidoptera. — Entomologist’s Gazette 27: 127-132. Sumpich, J. 2011. Faunistic data of several significant tortricid species from Spain with descriptions of four new species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). — Shilap 39 (154): 141-153. Tzonev, R., V. Roussakova & M. Dimitrov 2006. The Western-Pontic steppe vegetation in Bulgaria. — Hac- quetia 5 (1): 5-23. 198 Book review Marek Bakowski 2013. The Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) of Poland. Kontekst, Poznan, 277 pp. incl. 109 plates (70 in colour). Hard cover, format BS, ISBN 978-83-62564-36-1. Price: 40 EUR + 7 EUR for postage in Europe. This book brings a complex revision of the clearwing moths (Sesiidae) of Poland. It is a compre- hensive treatment of this family for the territory of Poland which comprises 31 species (of the about 110 species known in Europe). The text is supplemented by 36 text figures and 109 plates of adults and preadult stages. The general contribution of the work and its relevant results are clearly sum- marised in the abstract. In the Introduction, the author briefly characterises the family Sesiidae, the level of our know- ledge and the history of research. Methods of preparation and treatment of all developmental stages and individual morphological structures, the way of preparing images and genetic analyses are clear- ly described in the Material and Methods. A detailed description of adult morphology follows — at- tention is paid also to the morphological structures and body parts which are usually not used in diagnoses or taxonomy in other groups of Lepidoptera, e.g., colouring of the ventral and lateral parts of thorax and abdomen, and of the legs. The description of the adult includes genitalia characters of both sexes. The author also pays attention to the description of preadult stages — egg, larva and pupa, including chaetotaxy. In the chapter on Biology, the author primarily reviews the characteristic Batesian mimicry of clearwing species which manifests itself by the wing and body morphology, colouring and ways of moving. He further describes ways of oviposition, larval development and ethological manifestations of adults. The biology of species is in close relation to their economic importance in several cases. In this regard, Pennisetia hylaeiformis, Synanthedon tipuliformis and S. myopaeformis are especially im- portant in Poland; the author also mentions the possible harmfulness of Synanthedon vespiformis to fruit trees, Paranthrene tabaniformis and Sesia apiformis to poplar plantations and Synanthedon for- micaeformis to osiers. The chapter on the pest species also contains possible ways for their control. In the chapter on Distribution, the author discusses the different possible ways species spread from various glacial refugia after the last ice age, and he evaluates relations between distributional range size, trophic mode, and the zoogeographic origin. The excellent chapter on the systematics and phylogeny recapitulates historical development and changes of opinions on the position of the family Sesiidae within Lepidoptera, its relationship to other families and superfamilies and the intrafamilial division. The general introductory chapters of the monograph are concluded by the list of Polish spe- cies, keys to the subfamilies and genera based on external characters of adults and genitalia, keys to the genera based on pupae and keys to the genera and species based on larvae. A substantial part of the book takes a systematic overview of species recorded in the territory of Poland. Morphological characteristics of adults, including male and female genitalia, larvae and pupae are given for individual genera and species; further biology, pheromone behaviour, habitat, distribution, and known records in Poland are summarised under each species. Keys to the species based on adults and pupae are supplied for individual genera. The new aspects taken into account in the book include especially the descriptions of preimaginal stages, in particular the morphology and chaetotaxy of larvae. The work is completed by a very comprehensive and representative overview of the literature which includes a complete Polish sesidological bibliography and all important for- eign works. Particular attention was paid to the perfect text figures and especially to the set of plates with figures of adults, genitalia, pupae, larvae and SEM photos of morphological details (eggs, some structures of larvae, antennae and genitalia), all in high quality. The publication is an example of a perfectly prepared monograph which is not only a precise summary of the published data, but it is mainly based on the author’s 20 years of research. It provides new knowledge concerning the morphology of adults and preadult stages and the phylogeny, biology and distribution of clearwing species. Thus the work constitutes an important source of information for further studies of this family in Poland and elsewhere in Europe. ZDENEK LASTUVKA ' A limited number of copies is available from the author (bakowski@amu.edu.pl). Nota lepidopterologica index to volume 36 by taxon and author names, with publication dates Publication dates No. 1: p. 1-91: 17.06.2013; No. 2: p. 95-198: 20.12.2013 Contents Agassiz, D. 2013 (17.vi.). Obituary: Paul Sokoloff (1946-2012). 36 (1): 3-4. Bidzilya, O. V. & O. Karsholt 2013 (17.vi.). Two little-known species of Gelechiidae in the European fauna. 36 (1): 77-84. Bolotov, I. N., M. Yu. Gofarov, Yu. S. Kolosova & A. A. Frolov 2013 (17.vi.). Occurrence of Borearctia menetriesii (Eversmann, 1846) (Erebidae: Arctiinae) in Northern European Russia: a new locality in a disjunct species range. 36 (1): 65—75. Bolotov, I. N., M. Yu. Gofarov, A. M. Rykov, A. A. Frolov & Ya. E. Kogut 2013 (17.v1.). Northern bound- ary of the range of the Clouded Apollo butterfly Parnassius mnemosyne (L.) (Papilionidae): climate influence or degradation of larval host plants?. 36 (1): 19-33. Garrevoet, T., D. Bartsch & A. Lingenhöle 2013 (20.x11.). On the knowledge of Bembecia rushana Gorbu- nov, 1992 and some related species (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). 36 (2): 95—108. Groenen, F. & J. Baixeras 2013 (17.vi.). The “Omnivorous Leafroller”, Platynota stultana Walsingham, 1884 (Tortricidae: Sparganothini), a new moth for Europe. 36 (1): 53-55. Karsholt, O., J. Nel, F. Fournier, T. Varenne & P. Huemer 2013 (17.v1.). Monochroa bronzella sp. n. from the southwestern Alps (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). 36 (1): 13-18. Korb, S. K. 2013 (17.vi.). The status of Satyrus abramovi var. korlana Staudinger, 1901 (Nymphalidae). 36 (1): 47-52. Koren, T. & B. Lauë 2013 (20.xii.). Dinara Massif — a new hotspot for the butterfly (Papilionoidea) diver- sity of the Dinaric Arc. 36 (2): 109-126. Kullberg, J., B. Yu. Filippov, N. A. Zubrij& M. V. Kozlov 2013 (20.xii.). Faunistic notes on Lepidoptera collected from arctic tundra in European Russia. 36 (2): 127-136. Nupponen, K. & P. Sihvonen 2013 (20.x11.). Dorsispina furcicornaria, a new geometrid species and new genus from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae). 36 (2): 179-187. Ozden, O. 2013 (17.vi.). Habitat preferences of butterflies (Papilionoidea) in the Karpaz Peninsula, Cy- prus. 36 (1): 57-64. Rubin, N. I. & R. V. Yakovlev 2013 (20.x11.). Checklist of the butterflies (Papilionoidea) of the Saur Moun- tains and the adjacent territories (Kazakhstan) including systematic notes about the Erebia callias group. 36 (2): 137-170. Sachkov, S. A. 2013 (20.x11.). New species of scythridid moths (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) from Southern Siberia. 36 (2): 171-174. Savchuk, V. V. & N.S. Kajgorodova 2013 (20.xi1.). The first record of Holoterpna pruinosata (Staudinger, 1897) (Geometridae) from Ukraine. 36 (2): 175-178. Soyhan, T., S. Baser & V. Nazari 2013 (20.x11.). First record of Cacyreus marshalli Butler, 1898 (Lycaeni- dae) from Turkey. 36 (2): 189-190. Spalding, A., I. Fukova & R. H. Ffrench-Constant 2013 (17.vi.). The genetics of Luperina nickerlii Freyer, 1845 in Europe (Noctuidae). 36 (1): 35—46. Wagner, W. 2013 (17.vi.). Observations on the preimaginal ecology of Rhynchina canariensis Pinker, 1962 (Erebidae: Hypeninae) and Abrostola canariensis Hampson, 1913 (Noctuidae: Plusiinae) on the Canary island of La Gomera. 36 (1): 5—11. Zlatkov, B. 2013 (20.xii.). Remarks on Tortricidae species with unknown and little known females. 36 (2): 191-197. Book reviews. 36 (1) (17.vi.): 12, 85-91; 36 (2) (20.xii.): 198. Index of taxonomical changes abruptella sp. n. (Scythris) — Sachkov 2013 (20.x11.): 36 (2): 172. bidzilyai sp. n. (Scythris) — Sachkov 2013 (20.xii.): 36 (2): 171. bronzella sp. n. (Monochroa) — Karsholt et al. 2013 (17.v1.): 36 (1): 14. daedalea Razowski, 1983) (Cnephasia) syn. n. of Cnephasia hellenica Obraztsov, 1956 — Zlatkov 2013 (20.x1i.): 36 (2); 192; Dorsispina gen. n. (Geometridae) — Nupponen & Sihvonen 2013 (20.x11.): 36 (2): 180. furcicornaria sp. n. (Dorsispina) — Nupponen & Sihvonen 2013 (20.xi1.): 36 (2): 180. korlana Staudinger, 1901 (var. of Satyrus abramovi), LT, stat. n.; now: ssp. of Karanasa regeli (Alphéraki, 1881) — Korb 2013 (17.vi.): 36 (1): 52. orthogonella Staudinger, 1871 (Doryphora), LT; now: Stomopteryx orthogonella (Staudinger, 1871) — Bidzilya & Karsholt 2013 (17.vi.): 36 (1): 78. regulus Staudinger, 1887 (var. of Satvrus regeli), LT — Korb 2013 (17.v1.): 36 (1): 49. sibirica Staudinger, 1881 (Erebia), stat. rev.; previously known as Erebia callias sibirica — Rubin & Ya- kovlev, 2013 (20.xii.): 36 (2): 148. Nota lepidopterologica wird als wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift von der Societas Europaea Lepidoptero- logica (SEL) herausgegeben und den Mitgliedern der SEL zugesandt. Autoren, die Manuskripte für die Publikation in der Nota lepidopterologica einreichen möchten, finden die jeweils gültigen Autoren- richtlinien auf der Homepage der SEL unter http://www.soceurlep.eu. 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