M.

M?

A

torj

^iAi/ /fi>4uLA^

/to . / . / ^<ac-«^l/ <^<>0

^ 1^*1

^ A-4/*x ^!*--c<i>^'

firir^ &,— ’ 4>

^ /< 'i^A-iJj A) ^ "*

4-*^r* *-j / £ ^

/ / £r

QcZ. <3

-l>^^

^ /SC. <* ' y^r * /t

.?#£ — : v o /a^ * ** ^ ^ "~ y' ' ^ y

f/i~> ^rtu^->y^, *^/>~ t" y*/> * if

'flA> MK^tAvi ^^<A*) V' <cu^
^Ah^i w (/*«., /v— ^v ^

w

ffCAA h/V»

/irfr* y

Piranha ludoviciana .

Bangor, Maine.

1389. "Mr .Hardy informs me that you are loth to believe that

Dec. 3. a Western Tanager was taken here in Bangor. But I can assure
you that such was the case as I fully identified it. H was
a female but so badly decomposed that I could not skin it."
Letter from 3. L. Crosby, Bangor, Maine, Dec. 3, 1339

3

OmZuZZ- f7 'f/ Hr. f^Zxr

t*L~^ , Zr—J Jb^ /y /ir?z . £ 6 - 9 , ?i

3fy . £ tfi. . £-+*-+' zy^ > -—-L / &. ■ A^yar-

j-i 0- — t , J - te\f a , t&*-fr(y

^T7~ • '/ — - £' «/ */r^

ica

Aaa~ ft' V»vy ^A^***^ ^«xW>0 ^ ^

V Z~iL aL^LT ^™y

tr - t * — y v T.' . / • ^*~~7" 1 ^

Xvuawy ^ <r ^ v - ^ ‘

^ '4-w^ul Aa^~v

cAa+~*K, .

^ic» u. y*^w' a

r

f

✓5l

Louisiana Tanager taken at New
Haven, Conn.

Since I wrote to you I have made one
of the best captures that I ever obtained, —
a Louisiana Tanager, Jun cf, on Dec. i^.
It was unmistakably a wild bird, unusu-
ally active and noisy. It was shot on the
outskirts of the city here. It is rather
smaller than the Scarlet Tanager, meas-
uring as follows :

Length, 634 in., extent 934 in., wing
1334 in. tail 2j4 in., tarsas and toe and nail
134 in.

Bill is orange color below, dark above ;
leg bluish. Two well marked bands
across wings, upper one pale yellow,
lower yellowish white. I exhibited the
bird to several friends, while still in the
flesh, as positive proof of its actual occur-
ence here. This adds a new bird to this
state, and I think the only other New
England record is the specimen taken at
Lvnn, Mass., January 20, 187S.

W. H. Flint.

New Haven, Conn.

O.&O.V 0 I.I 7 , Dec. 1892 p.187

G-eneral Notes

Capture of the Louisiana Tanager at New Haven, Connecticut.— I made
one of the most noteworthy captures here on the morning of Dec. 1 7, 1892,
that I have ever taken, viz., a Louisiana Tanager ( Piranga ludoviciana ) , a
male in immature plumage. I believe the only other New England
record is the one taken at Lynn, Mass., Jan. 20, 1878. My bird was
exhibited to several persons while still in the flesh as proof of its actual
occurrence here. It is not an escaped caged bird, as the feet and plumage
clearly indicate. — H. W. Flint, New Haven, Conn. Auk X, Jan , f$93. p. 80 .

f

Hudson

Highlands.

[52.2.] Piranga ludoviciana (Wils.). Louisiana Tanager. — On
December 21, 1881, while standing on a high point beside the Hudson, at
Fort Montgomery, New York, I noticed a bird flying strongly from the
north. It alighted in a tree top near me, and appeared animated and shy;
thinking it was about to fly away, I shot it at once, and it proved to be a
young male Louisiana Tanager, in good plumage, and fairly well nour-
ishedf. Measurements (No. 2244, E. A. M.) : length, 7.45; alar expanse,

“•as; Wing, 3.62; tail, 3.00; culmen, .65; bill from nostril, .48; gape,
•75i tarsus, .82; middle toe and claw, .80; middle toe without claw, .58;
middle claw, .25 inch. Iris hazel. Bill with maxilla dusky brown, yellow-
ish on edges, mandible yellow. Tarsi and toes bluish lead color. This"
bird was in the plumage of the female, but careful dissection proved that
it wasayoung male. Mearns, Auk.Vll. Jan. 1890. p. JT- J'4

Eastern Massachusetts.

A c^LCs. <.»>■»»

r^‘

u.

~W-

K'd

Sd,

? /i *>0W - 77 V ?- >1*1 /<K- l\J-1

$ Kf,«^!t. $, 4 d>- Ad. .. A-W^-p. _ %

<3 S?_fjsjs!j. : lli -1*%-^* - n - L ' 72 ' , '

/<? £U.*Hr»y

M two. X* $!* H (o 4 ; /*■* «'» 6 .« / I Ji ,

im

m n»Jt* t° % *. *■/*. m*Jot.j/t /#?*

/jji* /^ / vi. /« Ua <f* * 7 ^ 3 /**£. $- 4^ */fp -^* n * w*$o% , !_%ij

/x;. /y; &o* 4 ? ^££. 3o£ 3/| ix?k .

M-J*-4+- U-f*- #*- SS*-/7»- /tx- J?Lloi-V*-J.**-4!2*££I£i. 1 ■ / .

W- //• - H> * - / 7 * - /^ -< 2 o *■-£/*- JO*- ! *'. 'LL .

X 0$ Cr^-<^J^ i / S^J^- _

i$<^Cv-i 4 a ^ 7 \ffoMdit.J C r^c^ d. Ibil

ijm

Jti.fr* <^W- (Ml

\J Wi^C

JUA, _2 / . ^ d /&' -/'/*- Jfx-'l 7* -7,7-K 3t>$. - /i f 7 7

CU««di£ . /$pU } ^ . /JJJ

(OcUbiA-

in* / 3 ^aj M, fioMy HKi ^

W 7 |(^/ /o'*(<V 7 z^ 73%^KT^~# 2^4 /<5 H

_» ( ‘Z'rloU,* /< o/

7 4 I*V£

~T CA.'^o+U.P.J j i^C / /

^ caMj £.0 S’ ^ ‘ 7 _

^ / c^. 73 ^' /r .id/

Iw. iK^U^-rd^') 7 7 j _7

footv*x£

/'juT 1X93

P 4/,AjlZiMr**j7<iu)

/uy •< %■

I V ^ ^ C4A^».

/s<ft. ^ 055 ^

/i-.

?

4 >

fouuXHiu t

(Ur^Ky-tL frjA. WetAM ■ , . — .

w> //»/A 4 -/‘H- 23 A- ,
hl4g&^l*.jV 7 So *3/ K

J %&%*>'% 1%V* (0* Ji-V- »^V ll\ 2.^'*

f G^r>n 4 vu C^-v^

Ujji /MK

Ctv^r^- /if 7 fo "

/— *»■ K-S^-

7

Concord, Mass,

May fb' 1893 ,

tn^. & * ku{ 0 . jl i* • *t jf/+.Yti

4

§i~ / 1 J't /• y , , «* e^e

tr » . V. '

4 # frw < 4 m o, 7 “EEL, f ' 4 < . /< ^ A

„ 7 .

Mi'4 '/ «t; V . ^'- ; ' ^

^/vL.'f 7 fflxnr^rJ^K. l'*

%. - ! t\-y .

f , { - 1 t • ^W; ■ ¥ * • < |K» 7 / ^ 4^

i^-~yU V t ^ "■'*/*'&& W* 1

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.

44 BROAD ST.. NEW YORK .

620 ATLANTIC AVE.. BOSTON.

V

«

/

7 4 *

z. (b

/ y~ ® ,

__ t

"'Jv'-- . ^

’•*. .

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.

44-6ROAD ST.. NEW YORK .

620 ATLANTIC AVE.. BOSTON.
RAILWAY DEPARTMENT

RAILWAY SUPPLY

L3^CiS(

Y». <i'C * <

— £Z>^

C^*-

x

/#;

/f

7 * 7 /

y

7 '

«/ J -OW 7 7-

f

jfn&rr.

^ <^i^-t^' ^t>sisic. _ ^z :.A/is£Z r (j ^fx^^dZ Xia-w-*-/

<9-7.<.

fr-t+Jc dl.'fit" 'W^z-'t Z ^ (Z^ZZc+Z^z. ZZZ^t.
y^Lx 7 ~~fcZ ' /ZlZ ^ **S-<*-& ~£ZZaA A-

y.c^*-c-^L ”Zti 7777 t-\j-is>-/ x</'„< x/ . - ^

^ /A

76u

y~V ^

C o-iM'<_.

yn^y <^ 7 - Si '* l :) (,'■/ /'^ y

Z>

ty-4^ yv-/,,!

/

Tjr !>^.jL '~ZZz< Zr^^ZzZZ, tx- ,/_

&ASL <^£yt~ fi- l /K

■*(. d- CC^-c

-'-r-

zz^

tfz

^ jZ 1 7?y. iV' f.^-Z ~ ~ffZi~x^'7 ^ /c/^-/” ZZ'ZZ-x^^ Zjj-\ — <_^»

y^^ZT. / ^ %'i*)-rZ a -tr ^yy y t -,.,_ y

, - _ . ^ , !-- L'&"if-X—</- $- 4 - -*- •£-<-/ \ZZ~ * 2 *- t^- 1 - C^-Z-aS~\^*~^ Pills' &Z-X. --t>

/ </

fit Z^Uy-l ~/?~ZLLA. Zcu^jZtZ. c^z

«£-

7

JL(L-C L-ixc.eZ L Zfr ( '-^'-7 ~/

^ j^- 1 SV-Ls{

£.(. /Z\y'J W-L^s— fa 4 •' L'V~v~x--</ ,{-'/-<- <. ^4/ ^ ~Z^ <

/ /

^ *-^iPCZ .

Z7i/' i {/ h\AJ
1

.'/l.JL>s J Z £ ‘

z'l /tyi 4*1 o- * ■ z ^' . — ZZir^z^i. .njL'

/

y .? a fas\sxAJs\ . t ^\, <?^-—v ^i'Tyv

Tz

/ '

^''-A_.\y'\_,

^6--- rfZ-H' Z 3y C-< s J isS~^s^Zaj ^t-v cZ-^Zz

Tfczrr iA^\_ Z'f. o,-'/
z^C zzzzz ^i^v_

/i-t. z-y. / "V-V

(/^A- Z-yp zZZlAs\sx^\.-~.fS /^Aa fa -\? ^C-<TA, L

hi 4*+j & w /l-'t.'V^'^V* i

-v<-^V* ZzZ-^faA. , — ^i - ' y

. ./ . /
/HaY^w / « ^ »/ ^ W

t?£Z ‘

l/^ *yi ^ <v /4 fflZZZ

6 f

2 ia#^i/v< ^ ^ r ^t'

^VV\>v^Vy^ ^ts*. ^yv^ , *y«^ r

/U . t/ ^ *^7 ^

— A/... (^ |L«.. — ^ ^

/< AJ. AA^v>W ^ zf* ^ ^

/ ^^9

7^4 (? <Xl^<- <rxcX . I’lZZc^ M 7^-^ jl^ylZZ i Z e -^ ef'S^jS ) '^A-OAt-Si ■ / $-Ji-a^^ ( Ot^Y'*^ ^-<-eZh-^

*vv. ^ X-J^-e--wV <2- ^*- TZZ-^ jo (ZZZZ'^ S . y - p^cTL^yt^v - J %

«^y ^ ^ ^ v (ZJ~A^ 9“^

tTV. Ivi^c'^y

^ (Z/kzZUsui do « t ^-y

"'^ > tZ

z

to

Piranga ervthromelas .

Concord,

Mass.

1895.

The Scarlet Tanagers (at Ball's Hill this morning) were

Sept .9.

an old female accompanied by her two young which, although in

full autumn plumage, followed their mother about closely and

begged continually for food uttering a monotonous hue., very

like the call of a young Purple Pinch, and a low, wheezy sound

which was so nearly like that made by some your)g Red-eyed

Vireos that I had just been watching that I could detect no

difference. When approached by their mother the young Tana-
gers wduld squat down on their perches and quiver their half-

opened wings. I did not see her feed them.

1899.

Two Tanagers were singing in Concord village, one in

May 22.

tree on the common, the other in the hillside burying ground.

Cambridge, Mass. Adult male, xirst recoru for i/he

Garden.

1899.

A Tanager appeared early in the afternoon on the top of

June 6.

a white maple where it sang a dozen times or more before fly-
ing off. It- is the^adult male that has ever visited our place

within my recollection although I heard one singing years ago

in the distance in the direction of the Kennedy's oaks on

Highland Street. I sa w a female or juv. male in the garden,

Oct . 1 , 1893.

Biras of Upper St, John.
B&tciieider,

40. Pyrangra rubra ( Linn .) Vie 1
the hard woods at Grand Falls. Th
We did not see them at Fort Fair
that they occur. At Houlton Mr.
arrive May 29. I have not found
here. They remain all summer. ”

yrangra rubra (Linn.) Vieill. Scarlet TANAGER.-Not rare in
woods at Grand Falls. The people there call them “war-birds.

WUUUO O.L - 1 r

not see them at Fort Fairfield, though we have reason to think
„ occur. At Houlton Mr. McLeod says they are “rare. They

IbUtl . “ ,

29. I have not found the nest, but have a young one taken

They remain all summer.”

Birds Of Southern Hew Brunswick.

M, Chamberlain.

6. Pyranga rubra. Scarlet Tanager. — I saw an adult male of this
species sitting on a fence in the suburbs of St. John on June 20, 1879, and
have examined two specimens taken near Hampton during the summer of
1880.

Bull. N.O.O, 7, April, 1882. p. 104

Occasionally birds have been met with in this vicinity that
have evidently been driven off their usual haunts. For instance,
some twenty years ago considerable numbers of fjctirlet Tanager s
were found here about the 10th of May. Some were dead, and
all were in an emaciated condition. None have been seen here
since.

/ A . 1 2 . .p,

CLuki. tn'6'.

Scarlet Tanager ( Piranga erythromelas) at Ottawa, Canada. This
handsome bird is becoming decidedly more abundant here than formerly.
This was plainly noticeable the last spring. There were about ten around
a house at Blueberry Point, a few miles from here, early in May; and at
Bushwood, at the city limits — a place where a few were seen every spring,
if nowhere else — thc-ir unusual abundance was noted by the most casual
observer. I was told that one poor specimen of the human kind had about
ten of these beauties in a trap cage. They even invaded the tree-lined
streets of our city. On May 26 I noticed a female in a large willow tree
next to my house, and on the 29th a fine male put a streak of color into the
scene. This specimen condescended so low as to drink out of a common
mudpuddle on the street, together with the English Sparrows, who, for
once, stood back, awestruck and wondering as it seemed, at this great
beauty. Farmers also from many points to the north, east, and west
of here asked me about these birds, some saying they had seen them this

CU+A,* * / f ?e>7, / r y ^

223. Piranga erj

sometimes common,

May, 1888, a very large n
attracted much attention.

large number of these birds appeared in the city and

Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F. H. 0.

42. Pyranga rubra , (Scarlet Tanager). This
species is included on the authentic statement of
Mr. J. L. Colcord of Augusta, who saw one Sept.
2, 1885, while at his duties as engineer of con-
struction of the F. & M. R. R. It may be con-
sidered common to this latitude, but I failed to
detect it.

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1886. p. 146

A Scarlet Tanager (Piranga erythromelas )
It is the only one seen in many years.

(su2

was seen here May 22 , 1900 .

U Auk, XIX, July. 1902,

J

Jr. -H-,

/^<5rV,

A^7 ZZ 7l Cov^aav-a-a>va ^Iaa^. y^VA.

A^^A—cX. tA^O-O-xX ^r<r-*A-X^£t Aa-A-X. ^Y«^. ^ *>A-°*- 'IAa^^sCi *^Z, J

A. /

^-AaaC^

7

V ^A^CCf

A\aa< {o^CaA. j/vAV(y XA^. C7 ^CCs /^

ZZT

.yter wx_A_ ^ ^ /y^

dr^_ UAvt^L ^L'K ft_<^vc^T" ^ cx-v^-va_a 4 ^ C<

fx^Z^ <sh_a t_-cy- *>7 a /«-^^3 La. , /^c

CoG-L\^-JL. ^ CWxaAA-^ A ^<-avLa~ 6 >t-^ 4 A_y cy OacZ^

^ xv. yv~^—-~y ux -4 ( >- <>+~a HtxSvA^ 4 y

k: J^Z, . Jr. //.

&LfC /3 . /Vry . ^ Iaa. ^ _^_ ^ l/^/y~*j ^^^aaAa

^^7— Tt-r~* ' J I , , V n c//.

^1~CX-aLJ "

fa~b—xs^-^ f <? ■ (J^XaCaA^aia^LaM^. )

AIa. <

xy^Axrtvu^x

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and 4-11, *83. W. Faxon

37. Piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager. — C ommon.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

.

J:v/.

<L^

'^-'/Wvtr *wi <5

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and 4-1!, *83. W. Faxon

37. Piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager. — Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

pir

Bds. Obs. in Fraaoonia, .June 11-21
'80, and June4-Aug. 1, 87. W.ra^

44 piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager—NoI very common.

Auk, V. April* 1688. p.162

Rirr’a Ob«. at Bridgew a' er, N . H .
July 12 4*. 1883. P-H. Allen

Piranga erythromelas. Common.

Auk* VI. Jan. » 1889. p. 77

Birds of Hillsboro Co. N.H. June 27,’ 92
Arthur M. Farmer, Amoskeag, N.

Scarlet Tanager, two pairs observed. The
males sang near our camp every morn-
ing just before sunrise and every evening
just after sunset. I have never in this
j locality heard the male utter a. series of
notes while the sun was shining as I
have the Tanagers in Iowa.

O.&O Vol.17, Sept. 1892 p.130

1894.

_A nr*

J,; *

14

Birds Obs. at lIsnl+tmboTO N.H.
only 21 - Auk. 11 . jS 23 . p.H. Allen

Piranga erythromelas.— One heard.

Auk, VI. Jan. . 1889. p. 78

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

7/ , , f ) Cv / , / /It-- j . / '

*TT“ ✓ ( .. e-( \ .

1895.

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

A lily 41 1

L 7

« f huMs-CLf
" 7*. A,.,VU*

Piranha ervthromelas .

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1898. Only one noted - a male in full song for an

July 5 within hearing of the house on Ben Mere farm. (
to

Aug.15. observed at Jaffrey by W. Deane J.

hour or more
Several were

trrt

l(7~.

The Scarlet Tanagers ( Pyranga rubra) first made their appearance
about here in the summer of 1875, when a single pair nested. Since then
they have gradually increased until probably twenty pairs nested the
past season. / rw . .. —

Bull, W»0«Qt *7* %Tau$ X0O21* p# 64

Bummer Bds,Mt. Mansfield, V t,

48. Piranga erythromelas. Scarlet Tanager. — I heard the notes
of the Tanager a number of times in the woods at the base of the moun-
tain.

by Arthur H. Howell. Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.343.

H B- M.... 1888.

TPriacetcm & Rutland, Maea, Axj|?. 2,-1885 » *

/J, / ~ /« ■ n--y

^^Pfin^lTon^i^^Satlan^^lass. JJ&ne,18 -1886.

. fa / {, - / 7 | Winchendon, Maes. June, 1888.

71/(7 $<?. {near Concord ).

1887

■4^?

*i*„ j%± , n-. /£-_ ii‘-WK nc, 1 -

jCl'i* . n ii. 7-_/2 V J 7f#

JLiy tfk- _ 7-- /o<v /VV. 2^.3/^

« , / - 1 / /

. / •* _ ? i _/e

•jft

dojA~ \yi^Vy^O~-

z 7 . "

-j

/?

WAY 21

II

.

‘/x^VS

fVUtSj'J ( H/ U4st^C /

n*7

\J (/C^u / 5

/ ?

/t.

■Ij &

*1** Jy\u*..

fiYY

t/CCc^y f.
*ff /(J

" //

-4^! (fycsL'tCL^-t/c

% l/dul' dl^G^Z-tf Ccfc.dy'

CtufcVi

S. W. Denton.

✓>v/ jfcA^
Ci % 'i c r

de

$ y dd $

Yc+y ^'Z^ce ^ &Yvft\<Tc< cd,' y^tVld,

*/U<ud /(?• $'t\jt- diYexstc£ J

„(/ J>({ ^Scu^/ d / £> i +■ fejUiPj^-y V<ro< ^7z. /m^i€

^rdH. / y

<d*~C-Ly l & i x \j(l, <££.{; ti f

(if

W. Middlesex Go. Mass.

June 25 - 30 , 1880 .

Ashby an d ?lt Watati c. Several rnd es were be ard sinn-

ing in spruce? and oak woods on the sides of the mountain at eleva-
tions ranging from about 1000 feet to its base. O^e or two others
were also heard in mixed woods a mile or two away from the mountain
As nearly as we could ascertain, they are by no meabs common or
generally distributed throughout the region at large. NOne were
heard at West Townsend, or on our drive from Ashby to ^ltchburg.

Birds o

f Bristol County , Mass,
F. W. Andros.

Piranga erythromelas Vied!, Scarlet iana
«;er. Summer resident, common. Breeds.

O.&o. XII. Sept. 1887 p. 140

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Wincliendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

48. Piranga erythromelas.

ff

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p. 389

W. Middlesex Go. Mass.

June 25-30, 1889.

*

Ashby and Mi Wat at i n Several mi es were he ard sing-

ing in spruce; and oak woods on the sides of the mountain at eleva-
tions ranging from about 1000 feet to its base. 0^ r e or two others
were also heard in mixed woods a mile or two away from the mountain
As nearly as we could ascertain, they are by no meahs common or
genarally distributed throughout the region at large. NOne were
heard at West Townsend, or on our drive from Ashby to ^ltchburg.

/f.

,m fy/\-

3 ... '

ft, J— ^ —

/{, H , CLvw '^yWt.33

^

$ ^

/ /

/./

' dk^y ^ M ft ^ A/—
rnt ' ’ft/ .

nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

48. Piranga erythromelas.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p. 389

ff

Piraxi^a err/thromelas .

Glendale, Berkshire Co., Mass. Singing September 10th

1899. One in nearly full song close to the house at about sun-

Sept.1-15. rise on the 10th and the chlu-churr call heard on the 7th
and 12th.

2 /

Connecticut, June, 1893,

d

‘tk

(A <W-f A.,

J^nwwnraiMM ^

'• 7- w»y./3^

" 23 * *»♦.*,»

C {yVL^(/^y\rt-y\^ j

«ajsj»L •«■ *1 vu -“-*- $rft / £+L> h/Hti

V:(\ ^ ^ w>-aA-# Uaa*. d v ov, "2k., S'.'-f 1

,ir ^ (fw«A. , *•"• >*^v. ^ J aJ^l <u ^r-'h-.

f^'l,r y, A. ^VV.y.,t( Vj._fc£ tt-d.-t.i_ AtjOiAdT tA*

fPZA~ a A~ST~ r & o- 4 tw -<JE- !^*<*^

A /,r~ , $ ?, A>-^*a ^Tvi Ij Cl\* £v3-

& si / IAJ* £ V ^i-ru« 4*Ait] Ay

Atju^niy tyZjd J £*- t'-jAM/ iu .1*4 ? J^i uTidtAj

Atbi-L , ' J i? , rA-, TSlt. ^

~ ^ urt.. *~X‘ d'A' c A±^'i

1 A £i^A> -j iMZ y 5-*U Cl'tJxXAlt Vvv

V/i^ 2C o *' !7 *> ^4' ^ • ^-4

IW*« *- ~f?J **

A »Ao p— o

Or~Q.l- i.-j $\ i*ss-Asi ,

Birds observed in Naval Hospital
Grounds, Brooklyn, G.H.Oouea

31. Pyranga rubra. Scarlet Tanager. - An occasional visitor.

•uH.N.O. 0 , 4,Jan. J 2879, p,32

Birds of the Adirondack Begion.
C. H , Merxiam .

S3- Pyranga rubra (. Linn .) Vieillot. Scarlet Tanager. — Commc
summer resident, breeding in the hard timber.

Bail, N.O.O. e.Oct, 1882, p, 229

Arrivals cfAfig’y Birds, Spring-1886,
Central Park, N. Y. City. A. G. Paine, Jr.

May 10, Piranga erylhromelas, (008). Scarlet
Tanager.

O.&O. XI, Aug. 1886. p.I

20

Birds Tioga 0©, N»Y, Aiden Loring,

161. Scarlet Tanager. Has been quite rare
up to the year of 1888, when I found them to
be quite common in the woods. Although I
have searched many times for their nest I have
not been able to find one. The song of this
bird is much like that of the Robin, only not
as loud. Perched on the top of a tall tree, the
male will sing for some time, and then dart off
on its useful mission of destroying insects.

o, %©, 'xv, Mm, mm,

\

uBo rtx eta,

c /i a ^ ( t u <-A V ci' c:. \ L tv ] ' 'I l. r - O ^ j v J ■ / ^ fj.

Ka., Z3 ft" 3 *

A

Scarlet Tanger. Not common.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.299.

23

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain Nor^h Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster.

42. Pyranga rubra.

Occasional plumage : male. Wings and tail black; entire plumage of
body rich orange, with a greenish tinge on flanks and anal region. From
a specimen in my cabinet, collected by Mr. C. J. Maynard, at Waltham,
Mass., May 27, 1869. This remarkable specimen I for a long time con-
sidered unique, but I have recently examined another in the possession of
Mr. Arthur Smith, of Brookline, which is its precise counterpart, and
Mr. Kid g way tells me he has seen still others. This plumage is not to be
confounded with the ordinary immature one of this bird, where the scarlet
is simply of a lighter shade or mixed with patches of yellowish-green. It
is a pronounced uniform coloring, and apparently a completed plumage.
Unquestionably it is abnormal, but hardly to be placed in a category with
albinism, and probably it is not very unfrequent. Adult males of P.
rubra change to the greenish autumnal plumage of the female and young,
a fact not generally known. They may in that stage be distinguished by
the blacker coloring of the wings and tail. I have never seen the young
males in autumn with red feathers appearing in the plumage, as spoken of
by writers ; probably such specimens may be referred to adult birds taken
in August or September, with the moult only partially effected ; many of
such examples I have now before me, all unquestionably adults. The
scarlet bands on the wing-coverts of some specimens are to be regarded as
individual adornments, independent of age. Many comparatively imma-
ture specimens possess them, while in some of the finest birds they are
wanting.

Bull. N.O.Q, 3i April, 1878. p.

Animistic Plumages. R.Peane.

8. Pyranga rubra. Scaklet Tanager. — Mr. F. T. Jencks, of Prov-
idence, R. 1., has kindly sent me a specimen with the outer primary o
one wine- white, shot at Cranston, R. I., May, 1878. In a recent letter
from Mr F. A. Lucas of Rochester, N. Y., he mentions having seen a
Tanager of this species with five of the tail-feathers white.

Bull N.O.O. 5 , Jan., 3880, p, 2,

a P

Zo?

. - S\ lU

(Am. ™)

s Ik

(1

An Abnormal Scarlet Tanager. — A remarkable albino female Scarlet
Tanager was procured at Germantown, May 8, 1888, and is now in my col-
lection. The wings and tail are composed of pure white and ordinary
blackish feathers in about equal proportions, while the wing-coverts consist
of white, olive and canary-yellow feathers. All the rest of the plumage
above and below is bright canary yellow, with one or two olivaceous feath-
ers in the middle of the back. The legs and bill are very light pink. The
bird was in company with several normal birds of the same species. —
Witmer Stone, Germantown , Pa. .AjlJk, V* July, 1888. p. 3 ZZ.

Plumf^e of some birds from upper
So. Carolina - Leverofcl M. Loomis.

Piranga erythromelas. — There is a marking on the under
surface of the wing in the female and in the male in green lively
which seems to have escaped general notice, but which renders
both distinguishable at a glance from the female or young male
of P. rubra. It extends from the carpal joint to the exposed
shaft of the outer primary, and is about an inch in length and
an eighth of an inch in width and olive brown in color. It
corresponds to a similar black marking in the adult spring
male. In all examples of P. rubra I have examined the region
of the under wing-coverts is uniform yellow in the female and
red in the adult male. Auk X, April, 1893 . p, 154 .

S cr-wv^C COyr\ C

Piranga erythromelas Vieill. s

Auk, XIV, July, 1897 , p -Z 77 -
Three adult male Scarlet Tanagers in the collection of Dr. A. K.

Fisher have conspicuous wing markings strongly suggestive of
those normally present in the western Piranga ludoviciana. In
two of these birds (No. 4017, Washington, D. C., May 18,
1890, and another taken at Sing Sing, N. Y., on May 22, 1880)
the greater coverts are almost wholly bright scarlet. In the other
(No. 919, Sing Sing, N. Y., May 16, 1881) the greater coverts
are gamboge yellow narrowly edged with black. The yellow is
brighter than that occupying the same position in P. ludoviciana
but the bar formed by it is not so broad as that of the western
bird. S . 3 , brx. ■

o

A\ u.

/£*

1 /

^le-Ay^cf. ^«TI 5~- c(-Ct^j J ^ Lcv^ZZaI.

^ a <?£uf 'Cim^( i<v4iv«y

fczz^. CZ « uT l^strlX* < ^' t ' L ^As)S 0~K ^4-T^<.,

4 ^oc^x ^4 ~t* <w £*

6~ ta *4. i^CZ^Z>Cc^f

£s£C^*- tti /^-a(. - e -yj&~*( /^t<-0 £fr\r~i *0 Zj~ &X**y
^-y^Ou^b^ ‘V^-tX'l T~v<y£y<lUjb hyQ~iy*yCsl JklA^t'b *' <•

&+Zs-^ b\^eLs K^f ^i*A-^' l3yS<A <u<^

The Singing of Birds. B. P. Bioknell.

Pyranga rubra. Scarlet Tanager.

With this brilliant bird, singing is continuous from the season
of blossoms into mid-summer. After this time it is less constant
and when August is well advanced is not longer heard. But
during the last month of song the regularity of singing varies in
different years. A record of each day when the song is heard
will in some years be scarcely interrupted until the second week
of August ; in others it will show but a disconnected series of
dates after mid-July. After early August singing is always un-
certain, although straggling songs may extend the date of final
cessation beyond the middle of the month. Conclusive songs
occur at any time in the month up to the 20th. After the breed-
ing season an abbreviation of the song, with some loss of empha-
sis, is noticeable, which usually has become more marked at the
time of discontinuance.

Contrary to what is true of the Robin and some other birds,
cool, wet weather seems to discourage singing with this species,
and often on those sultry summer mornings which betoken the
hottest days its song in full richness may be heard, though most
of the. other birds be silenced.

In October, toward the end of its stay, its only note is a single
sharp chi'j. f>, which, though an insignificant sound, when once
known cannot be mistaken for the note of any other bird. Its ordi-
nary call-note is likewise very distinctive. It is not often used
after the close of summer, although I have heard it late in Septem-
ber. Speaking of this well know chif-chir , Mr. Fred. T. Jencks,
of Providence, R. I., has called my attention to what is undoubt-
edly a clear instance of geographical variation in utterance. Mr.
Jencks writes that he has observed that in “Illinois and Indiana
it has three notes, chifi-chir-ree.”

Changing from its spring and summer scarlet to autumn green,
this bird goes curiously counter to the order of color change from
spring to fall, which nature has adopted on so large a scale for our
landscapes. The Scarlet Tanager undergoes its change in
August, and early in the month may be found with its red plu-
mage variously invaded by the conquering yellowish and green.
I have found the male in externally perfect fall dress by mid-Sep-
tember ; but feather growth continues into October, when the
bird becomes excessively fat.

AUk, I,

Oct. ,

1884. P.

3X 6

/icL <5

Scarlet Tanager. Vvymr * fcouu .

‘rtKA/'H

This Tanager, the Baltimore Oriole’s rival in beauty, is the less
active, the less vigorous charmer of the two, and has less vocal
power ; but it would be difficult to imagine a more pleasing and
delicate exhibition of a bird to both eye and ear than that pre-
sented by this singer in scarlet and black, as he stands on the
limb of some tall tree in the early sun, shining, and singing, high
above the earth, his brief, plaintive, morning song. The Tana-
ger s is an unobtrusive song, while the percussive, ringing tones
of the Oriole compel attention. In the spring of 18S8 a beautiful
singer greeted me one summer morning from the top of a tall oak
near the house. He paid frequent visits to the same tree-top
during the entire season, and sang the same song, beginning and
ending with the same tones :

Still, like other birds, he had his variations :

These were all June songs, the last two being sung late in the
afternoon.

Though the singer’s home was in the near woods, we did not
discover the nest of his mate. There came a time of silence, and
an absence of flaming plumage, and finally a family of Tanagers
—undoubtedly ours — male and female and three unfinished young
Tanagers of a neutral, olive tint, were about our grounds in the
last days of August, evidently preparing to leave for their home
in the tropics. The husband and father had doffed both his
‘singing-robe’ and his garment of scarlet, and wore in silence a
traveling-dress of mixed pea-green and willow-yellow. More
desirous than ever to avoid notice, there was about him a most
captivating air of quietness and modesty.

Jan, 1881, p, 3 C- 37 ■

27

<X^jlL &<-~ /t&*-C. J /^r>oV et-h^-J^Y

pz. /v < < 'CZIZC^-^’ i£~-\

H-t-^C^JX (sl^ZZi. j) >iZ-Lw<_e£ £~

' / / 's' f

eL. hj^A,^ ^^-jeJL~ /s^S- ~cP*y La~\^sIa. CC * j ^ C ^ ^ ^t-

' ^ J y / "* isd^s. olSPL*^ ( a . a , a

U^x/ f ''' ‘ f ' ' ^^Y f * <

^ 2ZHX ZSZi^/ laA*w^ ~Z2d. Iaj- 4-7~ h^eL*l. \j-^ZZaL 6tzz

y-A^y v-^-at^ ^-y^ro-izCl '.., ’S'

I tal limb of tall savin tree. Collected by
“J. M. W. ” (Mr. C. L. Rawson). Pour eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, thickly spotted
and speckled, especially at the larger ends,
with purplish gray and chestnut : ,87 x .62 ;

.88 x .62 ; .87 x .62 ; .87 x .64.

Set IV. June 14, 1887. Black Hawk
County, Iowa. Nest on horizontal branch of
tree. Three eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue,
speckled witli purplish gray and chestnut.
The markings are heavier at the larger ends :
.81 x .64 ; ,84x,64 ; ,86x.64.

Set V. June 17, 1875. Norwich, Conn.
Nest on end of oak limb, on edge of wood.
Collected by “ J. M. W." (Mr. C. L. Rawson).
Three eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue, 1
speckled and spotted with purplish gray and
chestnut : .89 x .68 ; .89 x .67 ; .88 x .68.

Set VI. May 23, 1887. Black Hawk County,
Iowa. Nest on a side limb of an oak tree,
fifteen feet from the ground. Four eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, speckled and
spotted with purplish gray and chestnut. The
markings form indistinct wreaths around the
larger ends: ,80x,63; .82x.63; .83x.63;'

.83 x .63.

Set VII. June 15, 1883. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on horizontal limb of an oak tree. Three
eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue, spotted
with purplish gray and chestnut. The mark-
ings are heavier at tire larger ends : .91 x .66 ;
.98 x .66 ; .91 x .65. This set contains a Cow
bird’s egg.

Set VIII. June 17, 1885. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on an oak tree, saddled on a lower branch.
Four eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue, spotted
and speckled with purplish gray and chestnut.
On two of the eggs the markings form in-
distinct wreaths, but on the other two they
are scattered over the whole surface : .89 x .64 ;
.91 x .65 ; .89 x .66 ; .83 x .64.

overhanging carriage road, in the heart of the
city. A most beautifully marked set. Light
greenish blue, sported with chestnut and
purplish gray. The markings form wreaths
around the larger ends: ,90x.63; .90x.64;
.91 x.64.

Set XIX. June 20, 1887. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on. linden tree, about thirty feet up.
Composed of fine sticks, heavy stems of
grass, lined with grass. Two eggs, and two of
tiie Cowbird, incubation slight. Light green-
ish blue, thickly speckled and spotted with
purplish gray and chestnut: .93 x.68;
.91 x.68.

Set XX. June 15, 1888. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest in apple tree about twelve feet up.
Made of sticks, lined with grass. Four eggs,
fresh, and one of the Cowbird. Light green-
ish blue, heavily speckled arid spotted, es-
pecially at the larger ends, with chestnut and
purplish gray: .85x.61; .84x.63; .84x.64;
.88X.63.

Set XXI. June 11, 1887. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on hickory, about twenty-five feet up.
Composed of fine sticks, weeds and wild
cotton. Three eggs, fresh, and one of the
Cowbird’s. Light greenish blue, thickly
speckled and spotted, more heavily at the
larger ends, with purplish gray and chestnut :
.93 x .65 ; .90 x.64; .89 x.68.

Set XXII. June 11, 1888. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on apple tree about nine feet up. Made
of weeds and straw. Four eggs, and two of
the Cowbird, incubation far advanced. Light
greenish Dlue, clouded at the larger ends with
purplish gray, and over this there are .wreaths
of chestnut. The whole effect is beautiful
and very odd : ,95x.67 ; .96x .66 ; .97 x.67 ;
.89 x .67. J.P.N.

Set IX. June 7, 1885. Black Hawk County,
Iowa. Nest on horizontal branch of oak tree,
fifteen feet from the ground. Four eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, heavily spotted
with purplish gray and chestnut. The

0.& O.Vol.l7,Feb.l892 p. 21-22

2T

I

■ I
f

#

Series of Eggs of
Tanager.

the

Scarlet

The eggs of the Scarlet Tanager ( Piranga
erythromelax) are usually three or four in

number, although two are sometimes all that JOLOGrIST [Vol. 17— No. 2

are laid.

Set I. .Tune 18, 1888. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest in white oak tree, about twenty-five feet
up. Composed of sticks and weeds. Two
eggs, incubation advanced. Light greenish
blue, spotted, much more heavily at the larger
ends, with purplish gray and chestnut :
k .97x.67 ; ,95x.66. This set contains a Cow-
bird’s egg.

Set II. June 12, 1886. Montgomery

County, Penn. Nest in an ironwood tree, over
a road, twenty feet from ground. Made of
twigs and root fibres. Two eggs, incubation
commenced. Light greenish blue, thickly
speckled and spotted with purplish brown and
chestnut: .88x.65; .88 x.64.

Set III. June 14, 1888. Preston, Conn.
Small flimsey nest on tip end of long horizon-
tal limb of tall savin tree. Collected by
“J. M. W. ” (Mr. C. L. Rawson). Four eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, thickly spotted
and speckled, especially at the larger ends,
with purplish gray and chestnut: ,87x.62;
.88 x .62 ; .87 x .62 ; .87 x .64.

Set IV. June 14, 1887. Black Hawk
County, Iowa. Nest on horizontal branch of
tree. Three eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue,
speckled witli purplish gray and chestnut.
The markings are heavier at the larger ends :
. Six. 64 ; ,84x.64 ; ,86x.64.

Set V. June 17, 1875. Norwich, Conn.
Nest on end of oak limb, on edge of wood.
Collected by “ J. M. W.” (Mr. C. L. Rawson).
Three eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue,
speckled and spotted with purplish gray and
chestnut : .89 x .68 ; .89 x .67 ; .88 x .68.

Set VI. May 23, 1887. Black Hawk County,
Iowa. Nest on a side limb of an oak tree,
fifteen feet from the ground. Four eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, speckled and
spotted with purplish gray and chestnut. The
markings form indistinct wreaths around the
larger ends: ,80x.63; .82x.63; ,83x.63;

.83 x .63.

Set VII. June 15, 1883. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on horizontal limb of an oak tree. Three
eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue, spotted
with purplish gray and chestnut. The mark-
ings are heavier at the larger ends : .91x.66 ;
.98 x .66 ; .91 x .65. This set contains a Cow
bird’s egg.

Set VIII. June 17, 1885. Nazareth, Penn.
Nest on an oak tree, saddled on a lower branch.
Four eggs, fresh. Light greenish blue, spotted
and speckled witli purplish gray and chestnut.
On two of the eggs the markings form in-
distinct wreaths, but on the other two they
are scattered over the whole surface : .89x.64 ;
.91 x .65 ; .89 x .66 ; .83 x .64.

Set IX. June 7, 1885. Black Hawk County,
Iowa. Nest on horizontal branch of oak tree,
fifteen feet from the ground. Four eggs,
fresh. Light greenish blue, heavily spotted
witli purplish gray and chestnut. The

, Rawson). Nest in savin tree in open woods,
j Slight, but well constructed. Four eggs, fresh.

Light greenish blue, speckled and spotted
, with purplish gray and chestnut: ,85x.64;

1 ,83x.64; ,81x.65; .83x.64.
j Set XVII. June 12, 1886. Chester County,

Penn. Nest on limb of beech tree, twenty
| feet from the ground. Made of twigs, etc.

Four eggs, incubation advanced. Light
greenish blue, speckled aud spotted, more
heavily at the larger ends, with purplish gray
and chestnut: ,94x.67; .96x.67; .92x.64;

.96x.67.

Set XVIII. May 31, 1885. Norwich, Conn.

Collected by “ J. M. W.” (Mr. C. L. Rawson).

Nest on tip end of long limb of apple tree
overhanging carriage road, in the heart of the
city. A most beautifully marked set. Light
greenish blue, sported with chestnut and
purplish gray. The markings form wreaths
around the larger ends: .90x.63; .90x.64;

.91 x.64.

Set XIX. June 20, 1887. Nazareth, Penn.

Nest on linden tree, about thirty feet up.
Composed of fine sticks, heavy stems of
grass, lined with grass. Two eggs, and two of
the Cowbird, incubation slight. Light green-
ish blue, thickly speckled and spotted with
purplish gray and chestnut: .93x.68;

.91 x .68.

Set XX. June 15, 1888. Nazareth, Penn.

Nest in apple tree about twelve feet up.

Made of sticks, lined with grass. Four eggs,
fresh, and one of the Cowbird. Light green-
ish blue, heavily speckled and spotted, es-
pecially at the larger ends, with chestnut and
purplish gray : ,85x.61 ; .84x.63 ; .84 x.64 ;

.88 x .63.

Set XXI. June 11, 1887. Nazareth, Penn.

Nest on hickory, about twenty-five feet up.
Composed of fine sticks, weeds and wild
cotton. Three eggs, fresh, and one of the
Cowbird’ s. Light greenish blue, thickly
speckled and spotted, more, heavily at the
larger ends, with purplish gray and chestnut- :

,93x.65; .90x.64; ,89x.68.

Set XXII. June 11, 1888. Nazareth, Penn.

Nest on apple tree about nine feet up. Made
of weeds and straw. Four eggs, and two of
the Cowbird, incubation far advanced. Light
I greenish blue, clouded at the larger ends with
purplish- gray, and over this there are .wreaths
of chestnut. The whole effect is beautiful
and very odd : ,95x,67 ; ,96x.66 ; ,97x.67 ;

.89 x .67. J.P.N.

O.& O. Vol. 17, Feb. 1892 p. 21-22

2T

Peculiar Traits of Some Scarlet Tanagers. — Scarlet Tanagers ( Piranga
erythromelas) are not common in this vicinity (Ridgewood, N. J.) ; for
many years I saw only two or three during spring migrations. Within
the last few years a few pairs have bred in this locality, generally on the
outskirts of woods ; so I was surprised to see a pair nesting in a Norway
spruce, on a branch only about ten feet from the corner of my house,
and about the same distance from the ground. In all my ornithological
experience I never knew a pair of birds to live and nest so near my house
with such secretiveness.

One of my family first saw the birds from an upper window that looked
down on the nest. The nest building appeared to be all done by the
female. The male bird was seen usually in the morning, apparently
inspecting the work or noting its progress, but was seldom seen during
the rest of the day. Both birds when approaching their nest alighted
near the top of this high tree and descended through the branches to
the nest, which was flat, very evenly built, like a cup of basket work,
beautifully woven of material resembling the color of the bark of the

couia see tne nest ana no mother appeared. 1 thought some harm must
have happened to her, but next morning she was at home. My business
did not allow me to watch them much during the day; one afternoon
the bright male Tanager put in an appearance in the upper part of
the tree, but seeing me he made off without coming near the nest.

Soon the downy backs of the nestlings showed above the rim of the
basket house, when the hen seldom brooded them unless it was wet
weather. These youngsters were perfectly quiet, never clamoring for
food, like so many other nestlings. Before they were big enough to
project conspicuously above their flat nest they left it and went higher
up the tree. This was on the 3d of July. Their color being greenish, it
was very hard to distinguish them in the upper branches where they were
secreted and fed by the parents.

A few days before leaving the nest a violent tempest passed over the
vicinity; trees were thrown down and scattered over the ground in all
directions; many nests of different birds were tossed or knocked out of
the trees by wind or hailstones. I thought it impossible for my Tanagers
to escape harm, but they were all right after the storm, which showed
how the faithful mother must have covered them. The young birds and
mother remained about for several weeks, but the male was absent, if his
scarlet was still worn.

I took down the deserted nest. It was composed of long fine brown
rootlets, fine thin stems of running blackberry, with a little grass and
string evenly woven ; it was thinly lined with a fine yellowish brown,
thread-like fibre, as fine as horsehair. The whole structure can be seen
through yet it is strong. .

Had I expressed an opinion on the habits of the Scarlet Tanager from
that year’s observation I should have said the male bird was very shy,

60. Increase of Some Species in Certain Localities. By Fred J. Davis.
Ibid., V, p. 5. July, 1879.— Scarlet Tanager, Crow Blackbird, Great-crested
Flycatcher, Green Heron, and Pine Grosbeak referred to ; locality (appar-
ently) Central New York. OOlOfifillfc

277. Scarlet Tanager. [By Dr. H. A. Atkins.] Ibid., VI, p. 13. —

9 ,aad Q» Dates, of arrival , of Pyranga rubra at Locke, Ingham Co., Mich., for 25
years.

By E. E. F[ish]. Ibid., No. 5

317. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,
Q,fM& Qf> p. S3-— ScaHe-t aiaiiagers, Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,

Nova Scotia , “driven in by a g ale.”

317. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,

Q» p . 53.— Scarlet Talragers, Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,

Nova Scotia, “driven in by a gale.”

tree. Taken with the greenish color of the female, it was a remarkable
instance of color illusion ; every time I wanted to see the nest, knowing
the branch it was on, I had to run my eye along the branch till it met
the nest before I could see it; the shallow nest and the greenish female
were remarkably inconspicuous. Only the female took part in the
duties of incubation. She would remain on the nest even when one
passed closely, but if anyone stopped to look at her, she would glide off
the nest through the tree in the opposite direction, so quietly as to almost
make one doubtful of her presence. The birds became quite accustomed
to seeing one of my family sitting at the window close by. I did not go
very near the nest for fear of disturbing the birds.

When the young were hatched another peculiarity was noticed, these
birds differing much from most birds in the manner of feeding their
young. I watched several evenings for an hour or more at a distance
from the tree, but could clearly see the nest with ‘my field glass. Still
I did not once see the female feed her young. Most birds feed their
young often just before sunset, and I think the female Tanager must
have known she was watched, for one evening I watched as long as I
could see the nest and no mother appeared. I thought some harm must
have happened to her, but next morning she was at home. My business
did not allow me to watch them much during the day; one afternoon
the bright male Tanager put in an appearance in the upper part of
the tree, but seeing me he made off without coming near the nest.

Soon the downy backs of the nestlings showed above the rim of the
basket house, when the hen seldom brooded them unless it was wet
weather. These youngsters were perfectly quiet, never clamoring for
food, like so many other nestlings. Before they were big enough to
project conspicuously above their flat nest they left it and went higher
up the tree. This was on the 3d of July. Their color being greenish, it
was very hard to distinguish them in the upper branches where they were
secreted and fed by the parents.

A few days before leaving the nest a violent tempest passed over the
vicinity; trees were thrown down and scattered over the ground in all
directions; many nests of different birds were tossed or knocked out of
the trees by wind or hailstones. I thought it impossible for my Tanagers
to escape harm, but they were ail right after the storm, which showed
how the faithful mother must have covered them. The young birds and
mother remained about for several weeks, but the male was absent, if his
scarlet was still worn.

I took down the deserted nest. It was composed of long fine brown
rootlets, fine thin stems of running blackberry, with a little grass and
string evenly woven ; it was thinly lined with a fine yellowish brown,
thread-like fibre, as fine as horsehair. The whole structure can be seen
through yet it is strong.

Had I expressed an opinion on the habits of the Scarlet Tanager from
that year’s observation I should have said the male bird was very shy,

60. Increase of Some Sfecies in Certain Localities. By Fred J. Davis.
Ibid., V, p. 5. July, 1879. — Scarlet Tanager, Crow Blackbird, Great-crested
Flycatcher, Green Heron, and Pine Grosbeak referred to; locality (appar-
ently) Central New York. OQlOStQb

277. Scarlet Tanager. [By Dr. II. A. Atkins.] Ibid., VI, p. 13. —
; J Oft Dates, of arrival of Pyranga rubra at Locke, Ingham Co., Mich., for 25
_years.

606. Habits of the Scarlet Tanager. By E. E. F[ish]. Ibid., No. 5,

PP . 1 18-1 19. otiU, Buf. Nat. FteW Cfab, 1883

Q, Q*

Q,W& O*

3x7. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,
p. 33. — Sea-de:).. Uju! age rs . Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,
Nova Scotia, “ driven in by a gale.”

317. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,
p 53.— Starlet Taiiagers, Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,
Nova Scotia, “driven in by a gale.”

1

-iwlZ fist. A </ a-ct
'PulCu i'VC Is/s-t -

$. H ■ clcilts, $ CtyL^jOiytrU/x. . [twix. Jam .

(&A (0. /X. (f z.

29

giving as a reason that his conspicuous dress was a target for his
enemies ; which is the usual way we try to make other people think we
know something. So I will now describe the following year’s events,
which was 1895. A female Scarlet Tanager came and built exactly on
the same spot where the previous year’s nest was ; hence I infer it was
the same female. But what of her gay lord, was he the same male? If so
he must have undergone a great change of character, for he showed
himself about the tree frequently and sang on the next tree very often
during the day. But the most remarkable thing of all was, he spied a
nest of Chippy Sparrows ( Spizella socialis ) with young ones. To my
surprise he kept going to the nest and fed the baby Chippys, much to
the disgust of their parents, who kept hovering around with food in their
mouths which the little things could not take, after being fed so often
by their gorgeous foster father. This was continued for a number of
days. When his own precious young burst their shells and required
attention he then left the Chippys to their rightful parents, which were
now outgrowing their narrow domicile, being duly cared for. Mr.
Tanager now paid as faithful attention to his own family, feeding them
very frequently and singing his sweet song between feeding and collecting
food. Seldom was he away, near sunset, longer than ten or fifteen
minutes. So I am at a loss to account for the shyness shown the pre-
vious year, unless this was a second husband of the same female Tana-
ger; and then the extraordinary fact of his feeding other birds’ young
ones is one of the exceptions that make the study of birds a pleasant
recreation. — Henry Hales, Ridge-wood, N. Y.

60. Increase of Some Species in Certain Localities. By Fred J. Davis.

Ibid., V, p. 5. July, 1879. — Scarlet Tanager, Crow Blackbird, Great-crested
Flycatcher, Green Heron, and Pine Grosbeak referred to; locality (appar-
ently) Central New York. 0 QlQ 8 i&b

277. Scarlet Fanager. [By Dr. II. A. Atkins.] Ibid., VI, p. 13-
9 , Q» Dates, of arrival of Pyranga rubra at Locke, Ingham Co., Mich., for 25

ye ars.

is of the Scarlet Tanager. By E. E. F[ish].

Stall, Bah mt. Field oiub, lass

Ibid., No. 5,

606. Habits _j
pp. 118-119-

317. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,
< 3 *, 8 tJ 3 ,g|Qt» p. S3-— ScaidejfciSg^agers, Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,
Nova Scoti a, “driven in b y a g ale.”

317. Remarkable Flight of Birds. By M. Chamberlain. Ibid., VI,
0 , 9 XilA Q» p. 53.— Scarfet Ta-tagers, Indigo Birds, and Green Herons, at Westport,
Nova Scotia, “driven in by a gale.”

-ruvLf in*. JlCeC dihlt <f <Lct, -tviApfaaforit/
$. M- t4upt oloUt,, $ k .

(PA (0. /X. AAurij. Ikbf.y.. (t z.

The Summer Tanager , (. Pyranga cestiva ) in New Brunswick. —
While staying at Grand Manan. N. B., in June, last year, I saw in the pos-
session of Mr. J. F. C. Moses a Summer Tanager which’ had been taken
there a few weeks before. It was shot at North Head, Grand Manan,
about the 12th or 14th of May, 1881, by a boy who brought it in the flesh
to Mr. Moses, by whom it was mounted. The bird — which was undoubt-
edly a male, though dissection had been neglected — was in full plumage,
and showed no signs of previous captivity. Indeed in that thinly settled
region the capture of an escaped cage bird would be an unlikely event.
The specimen is now in the collection of Mr. George A. Boardman.

This adds another case to the list of southern birds that have occasion-
ally found their way to the neighborhood of the Bay of Fundy. The
causes of their coming still remain hidden, and more light is needed
before the facts can be satisfactorily explained. — Charles F. Batchel-

der, Cambridge , Mass. Suli, N.Q.C, 7, Oct, X882 ,d, XHl

On the mountain above the water work’s reservoir is a clump of mixed
bush near which lives an old man who knows the birds thoroughly. He
has often told me of a season long ago when a number of red birds bred
there which had not the black wings and tail of the Scarlet Tanager. I
have looked at this bush with interest ever since, and on May 20, this
year, as I was scrutinizing a group of Tanagers leisurely sunning them-
selves among the topmost branches of a tall elm, I noticed one differ-
ent in plumage from the others. In bringing it down I was greatly
pleased to find a fine female of the Summer Redbird ( Pyranga cestiva),
this being the first record of the species for Canada, so far as I am aware.

I think I have also seen the Connecticut Warbler but without actual
measurement it is difficult to distinguish between it and the Mourning
Warbler. — Thomas McIlwraith, Hamilton, Ontario.

Auk, I, Oct. , 1884. P. 3 ^ 0 .

OroithologicalTrip to St. Bruno.P. Q.
May 25 , 1885 . E. D. Wintle, Montreal.

0/

W/Xf ,?Z,

Piranga rubra. Summer Tanager.— “One specimen taken at
, Heights, near Toronto, by Mr. Herring, in May 1890.” 1 This

Summer Tanager. Saw one for a few seconds
when it disappeared most mysteriously, and I did

Summer Tanager.

manga iuuia. ~ * . onA

Scarboro Heights, near Toronto, by Mr. Herring, m May 1890.
specimen is now in the museum of the Geological Survey at Otta

in the museum of the Geological Survey at Ottawa.

not see it again.

O.a, O. XI. May. 1886 . p.

1 Macoun, Catalogue of Canadian Birds, 537.

The Third Specimen of the Summer Tanager for Canada. — On May 7,

while Messrs. J. S. Wallace and B. H. Swales were searching the end of
Point Pelee for migrants, Mr. Wallace found a female summer Tanager
(Piranga rubra) sitting quietly on a tangle of grape vines growing over
some low trees. The bird was immediately shot and is now in the collec-
tion of Mr. P. A. Taverner, Detroit. Two other specimens have occurred
in Ontario one seen near Hamilton in May, 1885 (McIlwraith, Birds of
Ontario, p. 335), the other taken near Toronto in May, 1890, and now in
the National Collection of the Geological Survey of Canada.

From the same locality I received in mid April a male Mockingbird which
had been taken by Mr. Albert Gardiner. This is the second specimen of

this species that has come from Point Pelee within three years. — W. E,
Saunders, London, Ontario.

y w£\_ n '~ e tl

’TW %mxca \r^ vvw/^

^y^ouA^ tr K cl

^ Wc/U Oo ^ 4 <*-

^ (vC/iA , vv xX-lA to - O'Mft'L^G G Q^SiA ' ‘ p
^JSOcA^ "T/w-CA/V. G WiAcMm

ftr/Uvi, fWvrw-^ J^;*-^ 1 '

"Vwt oj i r^uJ) i.

P lr^*o Y\ ^yzv')’ t-

<£_G wv t^c. v a )-a- w u^-c\ v*AouAr\

W G WJdL«,i t\ vu.\ pcA.^'t^t'-'

^ iWSrA^i ^ )W1

«-M- ^ x * * TP

vyaX-jx T Gfrv*.

lUs\ V\Tr^&(jUj/0 'k.iLtU-^ 0 " °

/^J!! rK

7

g

tf rr- n

m?

(W,i^ <s , hs Ai
*>—

VGl- ( t ^/

bi^sf

tfz^JC <S'S ^ '}ru,v

C^y^ -A (< 'v 'Y ^ / ' 1 ^ ^ 'boS'i ^

t\riAi~TS^^A , '/^Ca_ i^A/A^s^

iC^A ^ If V.

^ ^ 4 ^\-/^t S^~ \J yGG^/C

( iQs^ACAAsyss. Xl) Xrs^s^S? VVv

f/Uf 7 h~ ¥ n, °- "“'/ >

4^7 u ^ ^ P~ ^ .

U**, Lie. ^ -TS—M

/r w ' 4 '~~ /6c ~'"

^ /w. — *a.

Ga

/'

J2

nn

j

J L\

Ox-

),/( /)<* (

\SL <A-

CaA^ -ts , /h ^ 4 >

* "p

^ j ^ ^ U

t-v v. 'j '-- ^ ' /y?o i-j

O/va A /l ^T

A . ‘/^C\- ‘l^-tr. -. ^ •l^u.-t^i.

Of U^aA f X '~ OVv '-‘*

( tQ^A^A^KKy^^ V^s^S? w.

(fiM/ 7 h~ ¥ - m °- ’ 71 ^ "~“/ >
e^ty - A ^jr r v

u^'ejc. ^

Piranga rubra in Massachusetts. — On May 12, 1901, while walking in
Newton, I heard the call of the Summer Tanager and on going in pursuit
soon came up with the bird. It was not in red plumage, but from a cer-
tain streaky, splashy, unsettled appearance, the orange-red being very
bright in spots, I took it for an immature male. This, however, is a mat-
ter of very inexpert opinion. As to the identity of the bird as Piranga
rubra , there could be no do'ubt. I had it under my glass (an eight-power
Zeiss) for some time at short range, under the most favorable conditions ;
and while thus under observation it uttered again and again its very
peculiar and thoroughly characteristic polysyllabic signal, with which I
am fairly familiar from having heard it often at the South. According
to Messrs Ilowe and Allen’s ‘Birds of Massachusetts’ this may count as
the sixth Massachusetts record. — Bradford Torrey, Wellesley Hills,

Mass.

Auk, XVIII, July., 1901, p. *7 3-

Some Birds of Bare or Accidental Oc-
ourrence in New England. H- A. Purdie

(>. Pyranga asstiva. Summer Reddird. — Mr. Jencks informs me
that a male was shot a few years since on Ten-Mile River, six or eight miles
northeast of Providence. It has appeared before, but is sufficiently rare
here to merit notice.

BuU. N.O.O. 2, Jan., 1877. p.21

c lAvtsudAcatr ^^CyfrLcla. )'yLas&d _

Piranga rubra rubra ( Linne ). Summer Tanager. — A male taken at

Deer Island, Boston harbor, Mass., April 11, 1916. The plumage and
general condition of this specimen led us to believe that this bird had not
been in captivity. It was taken on the window-ledge of a pumping station.

BURE AU O F NATURAL HISTORY.'

p c V^<\. a c< ^ ^ i

^toTblished 1

Telephone Connection

J. W. CRITCHLEJORS

Successor to southwtck & c/Si jSfe?““ ww * (}&&&*

DEALER IN .j -J JUI>* ■“****

Mammal and Bird Skin^'^affc^^Shells, Fur Ri

ugs.

NATURALISTS’ SUPPLIES AND PUBLICATIONS.

Animals and Birds Mounted to Order either from Fresh Specimens

or Dry Skins.

354 WESTMINSTER STREET.

OsP.; JZ/O?

SUCCESSORS

w. A. Augell. H. A. Cash.

/ srp

O' - / // / // K £ <£^2-

3H

bureau of natural history^

ESTABLISHED 1876

Telephone Connection

J. M. CRITCH s yi&&ORS

SUCCESSOR TO SOUTH WICK & CRITCHLEY. 0 . A. ****-

Mammal and Bird Skins; Fancy Shells, Fur Rugs,

NATURALISTS’ SUPPLIES AND PUBLICATIONS.

Animals and Birds Mounted to Order either from Fresh Specimens

or Dry Skins.

354 WESTMINSTER STREET.

'f°

SUCCESSORS

W . A. Augell. H. A. Cash.

77 J: -

Bofitrn Soc. Nat. History,

Piranga rubra. Summer Tanager. — A male, said to have been shot
at Seaconnet, R. I„ on April 27, 1901, was purchased of Messrs. Angell
and Cash. There seems to be no reason to discredit the record.— Glover
M. Allen, Cambridge, Mass.

4Hjt 25 , JLpr-1008 ,p.

ral Notes.

The Summer Tanager in Connecticut. — An adult male Piranga rubra
was taken here April 28, 1893. The weather was quite cold at the time.
Although in rather poor flesh, the bird shows no signs of ever having
been caged. — Jno. H. Sage, Portland , Conn.

Ault

July, 189G

303.

Auk J£II, July, 1895i

Summer Redbird at Saytfnjtofc,’ Conn. — I have recently added another
unexpected acquisition to my list of things new in a fine male specimen of
the Summer Redbird ( Piranga rubra) which I secured here in Old Say-
brook on the 27th of April last (1895). It seemed to be perfectly con-
tented, as if ignorant that it had wandered off, and whistled as cheeiily
in the cold rain storm then prevailing as if it was still under sunny skies.
This is the first of its species that I have ever seen here.— J. N. Clark,
Saybrook , Conn.

3 b

Capture of the Summer Red Bird on Long Island. — On May 16,

1883, my cousin, a boy of about fourteen, brought me a couple of bird£
which he had shot in this place. I found them to be very much mutilated
and hardly fit to be mounted, but I took the skin of one, as it was new to
me, and laid it away. On examining Audubon’s ‘North American Birds’
lately, I saw that the skin I had was that of the male Summer Red Bird.

I believe that the other bird, which I threw away at the time, it being too
much mutilated to do anything with, was a female of the same species.
It was only a few days ago that I learned that this bird is quite rare in
this section, and so communicate the particulars. The skin was also iden-
tified by Dr. A. K. Fisher. The boy who shot the two birds above men-
tioned told me at the time that he had seen others of the same kind, but
could not shoot them. — W. F. Hendrickson, Long Island , N. T.

Auk, I, July, 1884. p. X. *10 f t

Long Island Bird Notes. Wm.Dutcher

21. Piranga rubra. Summer Tanager. — While at Sag
Harbor recently I found among some mounted birds in the shop
of Lucas & Buck, an adult specimen of this species which was
shot some time in May, 1885, near the village of Bridghampton.
Mr. Ivan C. Byrarn, of Sag Harbor, wrote me that on April 7,
1886, a friend shot a strange bird. It was unfortunately eaten by
a cat, which did not know its value as a specimen. From the
description given of the bird I have no doubt but that it was
correctly identified by Mr. Byram as a Summer Tanager. Mr.
Albert Lott, of Merrick, Queens Co., sent one to rne tor
identification. He wrote that it was shot by a neighbor, May 14,
rS86. At the time it was killed it was near his hives catching
the bees. It did not eat any portion of them except the head.
It had been about the place for three or four days.

Auk, 3, Oct., 1886. p. ,

Bird Notes from Long Island, N. Y.

William Dutoher.

21. Piranga rubra. Summer Tanager. — Mr. Giraud does not include
this species among the Long Island birds, nor does Mr. George N. Law-
rence include it in his catalogue. If

The former says, when speaking of the Scarlet Tanager (. Piranga ery-
thr omelets) : “This species is the only one of the Genus that is found in
this vicinity.** The latter states, “ I have seen it in the Magnolia Swamps
of the New Jersey coast near Atlantic City, but never met with it any
further north.” Since my previous records* I have had two additional
specimens reported to me by Mr. John C. Knoess, who writes : “I have a
beautiful specimen, killed last April (1886) at Manor, Suffolk Co., and
another at Promised Land, also in Suffolk Co. They are the first I ever
saw on the Island.” Can it be that this species is extending its range
northward ?

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.181 ~ .

IT Catalogue of Birds observed on New York, Long, and Staten Islands, and the ad-
jacent parts of New Jersey. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 286, April, 1886.

** Birds of Long Island, p. 136.

* Auk, Vol. Ill, 1886, p. 442.

[52.1.] Piranga rubra (Linn.). Summer Tanager. — I took a female
in perfect plumage, at Highland Falls, New York, May 12, 1883. Meas-
urements (No. 2583, E. A. M.) : length, 7.00; alar expanse, 11.40; wing,

3.60; tail, 2.80; culmen, .60; gape, .77; tarsus, 74; middle toe and claw,

.75; claw alone, .22 inch. Irides hazel. Bill greenish olive. Legs and
feet bluish gray ; claws brownish. Mearns, Auk, Vll. Jan. 1890 . p. >

<L -crc. ,

W'cJ^*- X— V <?. V L^A-Lu. Thl ■ G -

Piranga rubra. The Summer Tanager has been taken on Long Island,
as recorded in ‘The Auk’, during the past seventeen years as follows : —

At Sag Harbor, Apr. 7 ; at Bridgehampton, May 1 ; at Merrick, May 14 ;
(Dutcher, Auk, III, 1886, p. 442) ; at Manor in April; at Promised Land
in April (Dutcher, Auk, V, 1888, p. 18), and at Long Island City, May 15,
(Hendrickson, Auk, I, 1884, p. 290). I here record an additional specimen,
which was picked up on the beach at Ditch Plain, April 8, 1901. Capt.
Scott of the Montauk Point Light secured it from the finder and sent it
to me. The stomach was empty except for a little discolored sand. It
is remarkable that of the seven specimens, five were from stations at the
eastern end of the Island, where migration is normally a week later for
land-bird migrants than the western end. The eastern extremity, how-
ever, stretches well to sea and is more advantageously situated as a haven
for birds driven out over the ocean by storms and seeking land.

The occurrence of this bird on Long Island, instead of a normal exten-
sion of the vernal migratory movement, seems to be more the result of
weather conditions. They are isolated survivors of coast storms.

On sending the specimen above recorded, Capt. Scott writes me : 11 It
was found on the shore at Ditch Plain on the 8th inst., chilled with cold,
after this last south storm.”

The early dates on which the birds have been recorded lead one more
readily to conceive that a cause other than a normal migratory movement
is responsible for their presence. Of the seven instances, four were
recorded in April ; two as early as the 7th and 8th respectively. In Chap-
man’s ‘Birds of Eastern North America’ (1895), p. 317, we find that the
Summer Tanager arrives in Florida early in April, and that at Washing-
ton, D. C., the first recorded date of arrival is April 28. In ‘The Auk’,

Vol. XVII, 1900, p. 297 (Allison) it is stated that the first recorded date
at which this bird has been seen by the writer in spring at New Orleans,

La., is April 2. The specimens of the Summer Tanager which have
reached Long Island early in April are birds which must have been driven
off the coast at points far to the south of the point of arrival ; not impos-
sibly while crossing the Gulf, between the West Indian Islands and the
Mainland. Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p. MJ-I*/**

Piranga rubra — Another Long Island, N. Y., Record. — It will be of
interest in connection with the record of this species made by Dr. Braislin
(antea, p. 147), to note another.

Mv correspondent, Mr. Selah B. Strong of Setauket, L. I., wrote to me
April 11, 1901, as follows : “This morning I saw a, to me, new bird. It
was about three quarters the size of a robin. Head, and nearly his entire
body, between cardinal and scarlet with a shade of grayish brown on
wings.” I at once sent Mr. Strong a specimen of the Summer Tanager
for comparison and he wrote that there was no doubt of the identity of the
bird.

On April 22 Mr. Strong wrote as follows : “The Tanager is becoming
very tame and I see him constantly; during yesterday’s storm he was
swinging on the vines on the front of the house, and when I went out of
the door he flew from under the steps ; again he was on the ground in
front of my study window and did not mind our watching him. At pres-
ent he is flitting among the trees in the orchard.”

A subsequent letter from Mr. Strong stated that although the bird
remained over ten days on his premises it finally disappeared. — William
Dutcher, New York City. Auk, XIX, July, 1902,

f-.

L AX

L,ls\

Rare Birds for Easterg^Long Island, New York. — Two Summer
Tanagers (Piranga etyihvomelas) were seen, and one taken on the 9th
of April, 1902. The specimen taken was somewhat emaciated, but the

plumage was in fine condition. The early date seems to carry out the
theory of Dr. Braislin, “that these birds were driven off shore far to the
south by storms.”

Auk, XIX, Oct., 1902, vy. ^ t>£~ 3,

??

General Notes,

A Hybrid Tanager. — While in Omaha last fall for a few hours I called
on Mr. Leonard Skow who called my attention to a Tanager in his collec-
tion that did not fit the keys. On my return to Washington I arranged
to have the bird sent on for examination, and Mr. Ridgway pronounces
it an unmistakable case of hybridism between Pyra?iga rubra and P
erythromelas — 'the first known instance of this phenomenon in the genus.

The bird is a male. Its bill is rather thicker than in P. erythromelas ,
but not so long as in P. rubra , with the median notch of the upper man-
dible well developed. The wings are rusty black, the primaries are edged
with red on the outer web, while the secondaries and coverts are washed
with brick red, giving the whole wing the appearance of having been
brushed over with a water color of reddish yellow. The tail is marked in
the same manner, but with more of the appearance of having been dipped
in the red stain, as the whole web of each feather is tinged more deeply
on the outer than on the inner weh and at the base than at the tip. The
body has the scarlet color of P. erythromelas , with no trace of the Ver-
million of P. rubra , though there is a little of the bronze of immaturity
on the nape of the neck and on the belly. In a series of about thirty

specimens of P. erythromelas there is no trace of the reddish wash on
the black — though several show red feathers among the black coverts.
The characters of P. erythromelas are the stronger on the whole, as
might be expected, as it seems the hardier bird of the two.

Measuiements show that it is intermediate in size between the two
species. I give a few (in inches), with those of Ridgway’s ‘Manual’ for
comparison.

Wing

Tail

2.85

2.80- 3.15 (2.99)

2.80- 3.25

Culmen

.60

.82-.90 (.86)
■55--6o

Hybrid
P. rubra
P. erythromelas

3-90

3-S5-3-9S (3 69 )
3-55-3-9°

The specimen is nowin the collection of the U. S. National Museum

— L. M. McCormick, Washington, D. C.

Auk X, July, 1893 p. 302-303.

Plumasre of some birds from upper
SaCfalfoI'na - Lsverefct M. Loomis.

Piranga rubra. — The following description is of a female,
with ovary of a breeding bird, taken June 2, 1879. Prevailing
color above brownish gray, with touches of olive-yellowish ;
under surface cream-color, washed with Naples yellow, with a
patch of chrome yellow on breast. Three males and a female
of subspecies cooperi in the American Museum resemble this
{specimen in their faded appearance.

Auk X, April, 1893. p.154.

First Plumage of the Summer Tanager ( Piranga rubra'',. — Under-
parts whitish-buff, heavily streaked on breast with dusky; throat and abdo-
men with lighter and more linear streaks of the same. Under tail-coverts
reddish-buff with dark streaks. Head and upper parts dark brownish buff
thickly spotted and streaked with dusky. Wings showing traces of dull
red and green on primaries and secondaries. The first and second wing-
coverts tipped and edged with buff, forming two distinct wing-bars.

The bird (No. 2084, $ , Coll. C. W. Beckham), from which the above de-
scription is taken, was shot at Bardstown, Kentucky, on June 21, and was
attended by both parents.

The call-note of the young Tanager is very different from any note of
the adult birds. It is very full and sonorous and faintly suggestive of the
Bluebird’s ordinary whistle. — Charles Wickliff Becki-iam, Bardstown,

Ky. J Attk, 3, Oct., 1880. p. y£7'

Young Oologist. 1541* Summer Red-bird. By T. D. Perry. Ibid., p. 1 17- -A.uk, Vll. Ja.n.l 8 £> 0 . p. $r* 2 .

A Female Piranga rubra Assuming the Plumage of the Male. On the
27th of Maj of the present year my son Percy W. Shufeldt collected at
Takoma Park, in Montgomery County, Maryland, a female Summer
Tanager having a plumage so unusual that a record of it would seem
worthy of presentation. The species is by no means uncommon in the
locality where it was taken, and the specimen is apparently an adult, of sev-
eral years of age. In coloration her plumage about corresponds with that
of a young male of this species during the first summer, or an adult female
with the following differences the plumage of the upper parts is thickly
interspersed with the dark red feathers which characterize the male,
and the plumage of the entire under parts is thickly beset with bright ver-
million-tinted feathers. Many of the secondaries of the wings are also
bright red, as is also the outer tail-feather of the left side. I personally
examined the sex of this specimen on dissection, and found her ovary to

contain ova varying in size from a No. 10 shot to that of a small pea.

The skin of this bird is at present in my son’s collection. Dr. R. W

Shufeldt , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

Auk, 8, July ,1891. P- 3/s ~ 3/4-

Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, P jp.^e-7-

Notes on the Moult and certain Plumage Phases of Piranga rubra. —
In ‘The Auk’ for July, 1891 (pp. 315, 316) I described an instance wherein
the Summer Tanager (P. rubra), a female, had assumed the plumage of
the male. That specimen was collected by my son, Percy Shufeldt, and
has since been added to the collections of the U. S. National Museum.
Since that date the same collector has added to his private series, thirteen
more specimens of this species, and as some of these exhibit certain nota-
ble conditions of the moult and plumage, it is my intention here to pass
a few remarks upon the more interesting of these. Twelve of the skins
are from male birds, while the thirteenth is from an adult female, taken in

August, 1895, and exhibits the autumnal plumage nearly completed. All
these individuals were collected either in the northeastern part of the
District of Columbia, or in the adjacent parts of southern Maryland. Of
the seven red males in the series taken at random from April 18, 1896, to
July 15, only one of them shows the full and completed plumage, and
that the one shot on the first-mentioned date. All of the others present
more or less green in the wings and tail, and one with a greenish patch
on the throat. A specimen, an old male, shot on the 15th of July, 1896, has
both the plumage of the entire body and tail red, while the secondaries
and primaries of the wings are -in the process of the moult, — the new
feathers likewise coming in red , — the same applying to the wing-coverts.
This tends to prove, in so far at least as this particular specimen is con-
cerned, that in the male of this species in the autumnal moult they
reassume the red plumage. Another specimen, which I take to be a young
male of the first spring, and shot on May 14, 1897, has the body plumage
red, with red and green wings, but the tail exactly half red and half green,
— the green feathers or the left half of the tail being half a centimeter
shorter than the red ones. All these feathers are new, with the exception
of one of the green ones, and it is found next to the outermost one of
that side. Now the first plumage taken on by both sexes of this species
after leaving the nest is the olive-green plumage corresponding to that of
the normal adult females, and in that plumage the birds of the year
migrate south in the autumn. So that the aforesaid specimen shot on
May 14, possibly met with an accident, losing all the feathers of the left
side of the tail with the exception of the one mentioned, and these being
replaced came in green. This seems to be the only explanation to account
for the state of affairs seen in this individual.

In another specimen of this series, a young male of the first autumn
in the full green plumage, shows a broadish transverse red bar across the
green and perfected feathers of the tail.

Perhaps the most interesting specimen in the collection is that of a
female (adult) which in the spring had, in part, the red plumage of the
male, and when collected on the 2d of August, 1897, was in full moult, —
the red feathers of the entire plumage being replaced by the green ones
of the adult female bird with normal coloration. This particular example
then, would tend to show that when the females of this species assume
in the spring the red plumage of the males, that in the autumnal moult
they pass back again to the plumage of the normally-colored females, —
whereas the old males reassume the red plumage. — R. W. Shufeldt,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington , D. C.

BMl «f •haaterOc.S.C, L.M. Loom-
is. - A«fe*risk marks those urv^aiua

*48. Pyranga sestiva. Summer Redbird; “ Redbird.’ —
Summer; abundant. Although a woodland bird, the Summer Tanager
is by no means strictly confined to the timber, but, on the contrary, is
found in the groves and shade-trees of the town, and around the planters
houses in the open country, and is everywhere an incessant songster. Dur-
ing spring the woods are filled, at all hours of the day, with the fervid
melody of this tireless vocalist. [*]

[* A nest of the Summer Redbird, containing three eggs (its usual comple-
ment), has been sent to me by Mr. Loomis, with its female parent. It was
found on a public thoroughfare, in the edge of a grove, and built in a small
black-jack oak, near the extremity of an inclining limb, five feet from the
trunk and eight and one half above the ground. It is saddled on the limb,
partially resting on the smaller branchlets, and is nearly homogeneous in struc-
ture, being a beautifully interwoven fabric of stems of grasses, the larger ones
making the external framework, the finer ones enclosing the deep cup-like cavity,
which is wider below than at the rim. The height of the nest is about 2 inches ,
the depth of the cavity, being 1.90, shows how thin is the floor. The external
diameter of the cavity at the rim is 2.80, and half an inch below, 3 inches ; that
of the whole nest varies from 5 to 5.75 inches. The eggs measure .89 X.71 ;
.92X.70 ; .90X.66. Their ground-color is a light shade of emerald green, marked
with various shades of brown, more or less tinged with lilac, purple, and slate.
These are well scattered over the egg, though larger and more numerous about
the larger end. — T. M. B.]

B*U. N.O.C. 4, Oct., 1*70. p.913

s '

d r
-> 4

VIC

)

jA

ri;

i ;Tw- Eggs in Sat- O.S.Brimley

I Summer Tanager. Set three to four, my ^
^observations fail to determine anything further
I s ? o far.

13 , Oct.1890. p.140

SJ©s Eggs in O.S.Brimley

Summer Tanager. Standard set most prob-
ably three in this locality.

Qa XVSi Jsiis 1821* P ' S

Nesting of the Summer Tanager at
Raleigh, N. C.

The Summer Tanager (Pirantja rubra ) is by
no means uncommon at Raleigh during the
summer months, inhabiting both mixed
woods and pines, being perhaps more common
in the latter.

About the middle of May the Tanager looks
out for a nest site, usually selecting one of the
long lower limbs of an oak or pine, and on
this limb, toward the end away from the trunk,
the nest is placed. Sometimes, however, the
Tanager prefers to place her nest in the very top
of a small pine sapling instead of towards the
end of a long limb. In botli cases a compar-
atively open place in the woods seems to be
preferred to a more retired one, the nest being
often in a tree close to a road or over a foot path .

The height of the nest varies from six to
thirty feet, usually about fifteen.

The nest is composed of weed stems exter-
nally, and is lined with fine, yellow cured grass
stems; the lining forming a strong contrast in
color to the bulk of the nest. The nest is
rather flat and shallow, but firm and compact,
and the form of the sitting bird shows
very prominently when on the nest. The eggs
are three or four in this locality, the date for
fresh sets being June 1st and later, and, as is
j usually the case, when one nest is taken the
bird builds a fresh nest and lays another set.

C. S. Brimley.

Raleigh, X. 0.

O.&O, 15. Nov, 1890, p,l<34

vz

General Notes.

j

Behavior of a Summer Tanager. — I send the following item which my
friend, Rev. Boniface Verheyen, of St. Benedict’s College, Atchison,
Kansas, communicated to me a short time ago.

“. . . I want to tell you about the peculiar conduct of a Summer Tanager
( Piranga rubra ) which a number of the professors witnessed daily for
several weeks. It was during the last week of May that the bird first
began to attract attention. He would be seen to fly from window to win-
dow on the north side of the west wing of the College, or perch on the
sill, facing inward, as if peering through the window. Every few
moments he would make an attack on the pane with his bill, as if he were
trying to get at something or force his way through. When driven from
one window he would fly to another. His attacks were at times quite
vicious : he would fly from a neighboring tree directly for the window and
strike the pane with a whack. Time and again he attracted my attention
in my room, though the door was shut. Several times I took my stand
directly in front of the closed window within a few feet of him and watched
him closely at his seeming mad effort to peck holes through the pane. He
did not seem to care much whether I stood there or not. I opened one of
the windows on several occasions to see if he would come in, but he did

household.”

So far my correspondent. I might add that during my sojourn at the
college, a Summer Tanager was a constant visitor to the grove on the
College Campus, and nested there for a number of years

Here is another little item in connection with bird lore that may be
of interest. On one of my visits to the college, three years ago, I was
informed that a certain bird had often been seen in the students’ chapel.

As the chapel is skirted on two sides by trees, and the windows are usually
open during the summer, it is not a rare occurrence to find a stray bird
fluttering about on the inside. But here was said to be a case of a frequent
visitor to the sacred enclosure — a bird with a religious turn of mind, so
to speak. I examinied into the matter, and, sure enough, there was my
bird, a female Yellow-billed Cuckoo ( Coccyzus americanus ) . She was
not flying about, but stood on the floor, on which she had laid an egg, and
to all appearances was standing guard over it. I secured the egg, which is
now preserved in the college museutn. — PirmineJVI. Kodmly, Seneca ,
Kansas. Auk X Oct , 18^3 p_ 367-68

Piranga rubra and Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis Preoccupied? —

The change of Dendroica ceerulea to Dendroica rara (Ridgway, Auk,
Jan., 1897, XIV, 97), which was promptly accepted by the A. O. U. Com-
mittee, involves an interpretation of Canon XXXIII of the A. O. U. Code
of Nomenclature to which little if any attention seems to have been
called. It appears advisable at the present time to raise this question,
inasmuch as it affects the validity of some other current names ; and this
the more as in regard to it there seems to be neither unanimity of opinion
nor uniformity of practice. Briefly stated, it is this : in considering the
tenability of specific names, so far as preoccupation is concerned, shall
any account be taken of homomyms which are mere combinations, e.,
not original descriptions? To illustrate: Motacilla ceerulea of Linnteus,
1766, was called Sylvia ceerulea by Latham in 1790, — evidently a simple
transfer of Linnreus’s species to another genus. Now, does this Sylvia
ceerulea of Latham, 1790, preclude the use of Sylvia ceerulea Wilson, 1810,
for another and widely different species, the former being now a Poliop-
lila, the latter a Dendroica ? Canon XXXIII is apparently quite explicit

upon this point, its text being as follows: “ a specific or subspecific

name is to be changed when it has been applied to some other species of
the same genus, or used previously in combination with the same generic
name.” The phrase, “ or used previously in combination with the same
generic name,” seems to leave no doubt of its meaning; and a strictly
literal interpretation of this clause will treat alike, all combinations,
whether or not they happen to be those of original descriptions.

Such being the case, there are two names in our North American List
which must be changed. The first of t^iese, Piranga rubra, for the Sum-
mer Tanager, is untenable because Piranga rubra was previously used
by Vieillot, as well as by many succeeding authors, for the species now
known as Piranga erythromelas. The rejection of Piranga rubra for the
Summer Tanager permits its employment for the Scarlet Tanager ; the
former then becoming Piranga eestiva. This is rather a fortunate cir-
cumstance, for these two birds will thus bear the names so long in use
before the publication of the first edition of the A. O. U. Check-List.

The specific term of Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis ( Fringilla. front-
alis Say, Long’s Exped. to Rocky Mts., 1824, II, 40) must give way on
account of Fringilla frontalis Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. 1817,
XII, 181), which is a synonym of Sporopipes frontalis (Daudin). The
next available name seems to be Carpodacus obscurus McCall (Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1851, 220), and the United States form of the
House Finch will consequently become Carpodacus mexicanus ob-
scurus. — Harry C. Oberholser, Washington , D. C.

Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p p,

Piranga rubra not Preoccupied. — Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., has kindly
pointed out an error of statement in regard to the names of Tanagers
published by the present writer in the last number of ‘The Auk.’ The
remark is there made that Vieillot used the combination Piranga rubra
for the Scarlet Tanager, thus precluding its subsequent employment for
the Summer Tanager. As a matter of fact, however, Vieillot’s Piranga
rubra (Ois. Am. Sept., I, 1807, p. iv, pi. I, fig. 12) is not the Scarlet, but
the Summer Tanager, as examination of his references and figure
clearly demonstrates. This mistake arose from taking Professor Baird’s
identification of Vieillot’s Piranga rubra, — P. R. R. Rep., IX, 1858, p.
300, where he cites it as a synonym of the bird now known as Piranga
erythromelas, in which course he has been followed bv some other authors.
Further comment is unnecessary; and the two birds in question remain in
undisputed possession of their present names. — Harry C. Oberholser,
Washington, D. C. Auk, XVI, July, 1899, Pj 9 . 278 -XS/,

Eastern Massachusetts.

itfrf

&*yu/'Ct ' Iroc.f^trty

/A fa. - A 1 - £--3° m% i\

& U- &.

n

(J>~V

ift mo iX>-. ?'. fttft ,. aft >4-*' . *(@ - ^ 7s - ^6" *?°

6> d, 6d t

A<^

tif/ .

avtK~:fa &c ft. t, d &>z td- u. c 4 &t. a 6t. et. /(.

' - - — L f * A 1 .... - Z ’y It*. i inJL- /V.fl ,a.L *) 0 6

ift /ft. n\ xft inj.zKy-. MftiMi/ftfftftiftW- jsmft n

Si t id-toy

it-m.ift /wo

6i.

C*. &- *~i , 6^-j

7 i . 7£ i /K /6'i *'i ?v4-_ /jfM. BJ 1 r\ ft ftomjmftC/ftjft mx/ftm /mo

in Gc. £?• 6a. Sj. 6f. S )- yfA- - »w.y. Sj.itm/ ,, .

it*, n~ trx At, ii x ft/x s* - - iW' ^ - - M-. ^ 6 - /ftSP

tg. 1 L.. ft 6 *. &»- *•- $••*• it*. . ^ «/. £/? 6 , u.

A. U

&,. xx6>

y^t, 7 'zi' pfe <? 7 «s _l%i- my.

0«r.

£«- &f-

I&6
-yf-'.

y £». (° _v '

2 /{?&-,

>/ftW4UA &4. . n

/r*eXfn~j.ws. p&t W° 3

& / „

/ *J T<r«^S<X!>J /2 j /)

"X& p.m-- /M o 2. V-‘ ) iww '. /xj _

X c K^Zud:

^r* r r £ /7y/ 7— 7 45

J* y'° 7 " 7 "p- 7 " //-./Z{/ 3 {/<fz A'i / 7 ® /tr®/?_ 7 / 7 * // VJ

/< A% /oXz® l/$ Z&-J13 -X 1 / 6 - Z6-'° Z6~ lfr®Z? !~3c-~ /ftyj

/£ J-oyC /ft/H

/K9Z

bl

> ^c.

£ 3.

&&'U#uP.J fo-iAjxXtA^t { /f, , ^d-Zkaj C.-Ct^L . '7'- .'Ti-r, A-^J

yp/e ^ /7 V/) /o ' 4 ^ ^ 7 7 7 ^ /*» 9 ^ / 7

/ ^ 4-7 /fajJft/IJft- /f® e - /x~ . 7 '_ m. x t ^ ^7^ . 7/^ />//

/iX L ‘3>- 7-° i- 7> 9* /0* //* /3® /S'® Z4,® /7./f-Z/* M® M*: JLS-* /Mz.

/£ 9® /o - // *-./* 4 // - /y ^./s-. JL -_ // //>^) /7 7^-7 -_ ^ 7^ t jlh x . Ut L .X7 1 ^ '-****£ IQi

£jl.

f<L.

ft x X (> - 7 f fm/Tft /**■ . i> oL
zftftlft !M() ftTftlK 3 7 A//

/7 J4 //a ^747® /£>-- 777 ft*. /?- 2oK 29 ~ 4»?u*uJ . /m .

/& c ft n

I u2^j

, cx. — , .

tTJ^ 7 ’ ?£%*** ftft //

/4j- */-. s i 7 1 ?-- /*-. m~- /7^/y4

3 s - s% -7 ~ t* 1 - /3 't /v 7/t t/7 l _Z6'Uz/i3 J -2?- AW 7777 .

fe. m

'IX-JTX/ir/j.

/ft/ 7 /■ &X>ttrt_

'h'l jf. < 2 f. &• M. A. .

Qaau, ft/ftyi. /^~../4-^ afe®. 77- Iftjb .

, !± 3±ft- M- U%Xft 3o* (Iw /ffgL

Oy.vri^j d “ TV

ft 7X11*

20'- 2/ -2V <-_ iwW //X/

‘ /i. '

tt£

Taohvcineta bicolor.

Concord,

Mass .

1378.

Tjp river an immense migration of .H.irun.dP bicolor was

Oct .16

passing southward. I shot five specimens.

s^uLul. tfLyA--6ok.

fvi&sn.

^hy^j /<6~

<X.

JAaa/)

0 Cj-AA-1 i'xy-^y^-*-

^ tL & M_

(p py^^&x^ . ,_ ^6 ccC twT

Q~\ cA\juy^tX {\/L tCU. ^feluAy^ysl^ . /ix^ -j- ^JaasO ^V\hv^-*- U^ l\AAx- CL^k_xK- <xAa^ ^ ^/IaAXXI:

WZ, CZl4a.A~ /ZjX ^ tj CA~^A- 0~^\y^\Xs~ ^CtA .. (/\S~/xAaa~ tisy: d ^XA/L. ^iy^faA (XcAT

Ca~J-X ^ LaS j^xS-X- oXXX^ ^/W 4Xw <aW X%^<^yy?y-*AA^ OlZCXLXvJ

ol / \Z\A^X^' t '^J fe j^Xj-XtyiSr cti d J ^4\-a/a. ijC A_ V &^XAJtX ^ C^Ia i_zA / C*s*y^’ 4\J-\A-AA fX . V

^V/V» <ATvt/y7 TjT iwuw^'-vvv, fe^A Jx^rlXA/ZX^-- , fylASl X/[~ ?.*/h /? X/l 1

(Ox*. tXX ^lAA/VV. 'J'VoC^ 'v*j r } ^ /Ixa. cA&~AJ (fey^*y^ TIa-A-TC ^ '^XtT^A'C'V <y^ iA/XJ^I / L @Aj_^sxZy

i^yUC Xx^Z t 4/it<~ 4 -€xsks 0 &y^H^XZ~ 7 4^ ^ 'feXXpA. , ^VW TXZ^f S-UxX^.

IZM.S t ^Ms j L^yJu ^ ^1/ /fcv <L *yy fec +JX Xx^y

STw xx4-^uXt IxXtC^^^XZZy tXl'ULA ' ' feZ. £Vvy kcXy a^^AyiXy (X ^

iXJXX^t ^ ^ XX^-tAs^.^ %KAr>ytJ> fe~l^A^ 'UsJ C^'LAAC^A. ^ /ls< A /A^

Uj-X^rJxy^ VXZxa A^X Irvvv^ j/Ct^ka On Jy^Ayiy ^jfe / ^

cL(^y C'ofeA. ifH^LL mXC\Xx^ fezXx ^7C fe\..A c^&^r^ZAT'

cXC' cX C^-^ASh^ AasX-cX! C^ ^Xy^A. (■ C \A tf-x? Ta 3^/t .y

AiJUaAS (L y<~0^\. .

JtUsy

/rvy

dX£~

(/> ^ yA-> ■ &■

Uuvw^^

tAT^v^

*XT C 'A> <A.V t\r^A^ A.

, A?

X-L-G^x^. fa X okl\l r \A /rx+/ /^Ji_ ,W

Zg l^x./A.y\y^x>^~AJ fe r Ayi*y^£ j

.Ce^

fax

La/\a~*

1.

X\h*X^i\Pv cXZZXuAc

oUX ca/MXJ ^ 'tlhfe'O j/txZo

yifx-^t^-P)

f gxxOfeXy fy t^./L pXXa/x.

, /K i Ci> - ?/^- v ^/

/ 0

O-U^L-ir 'xa/?' 4 v, ^J--wi^M; — «.

X

/* -■ ■' t .y/ A i //

o^/A.-XXtX\ i

w

(7^C/v- jxAypT UIhAZ' y^XXyikC^A ^ i X ^fei h^XZti Oxr>y*~ (Ky-^ <j. ayi^C^ ^iZ^Jr fV\sb%~ fo+AjX fX**y

^r-UA^>^y ^ ^ l^. (j/feXT 0-\ feXXZ Ayj *^- ^ uaV

fexyyyy yjj^cy ^V' ^Uia*

(\sy\s0<p\x?XAs\/7 ife)

PyTyTuxTHf

1

/fob f

J otw- II - d'/i'

Ha^T

0^. <£, /-8 Z&* (AT”

j/ii/Vj Cj IxiZt

7

l-uLjX

@\s\S~*ZcZ~

A A ' '-^ / r~, ■<. X . /l..A/lA urJti

^\a4-

;

*^a.

M

/-vZ/i^tXv AAa ^ ZX^yl^cX Cr\ /^WiA./

£7

7

. C^'U-'C/^ £*A^- 777, /Za^CAA CXAT C*. ^XX/[ X/ A'-'ZkaX 5 O

o~As^ ^AA^^AiX cjL

^ AAAXAA\_,

J ^Xyx^x^^^xTZx^^ _ 7xS\X^S) L*Xjx/Zj{jL_eZ-~ ^Zx/Xsf^^X^ 4A_ 7^&Z^_

7~

l-^l^

(X<J^A_^,^_

O-tf tX 'i-^^t’A^A.)

7 - dLzi^ /Za..

i

-Xr^r

<Ji £>uX~ u^/vWVtZ^

i^xAAA^xL ^t%A~

7

7

V

«=n

/^VtAA.

7 7

- tXXXXIf

cZa_a_/

^.ubtr^A M r cZ? i’X. Tx^X-

A_aa.

- c*^y? d-Xx^ <XjX^xXy uxrAyXX^y^^X,

r.

/
~fc;

<^ 1 <7vv7

'. - j y^slAAA A ^-Za *XXy ^Za,

tyyJ^/JLx^-XJT ^aTv. ^/iXXXXXj? G ^-» * ^ V ' v "*^

£h2?Za IS-x^J-^A. Lf\

"fc.
^ *

/

^V*-^v*--

7

r~~y

'M/V^a

TiA. 7

( 7/ 7\AA f 7^\^\yj

i-xf ti*?

4^,

/ /»o

7

<?4 ■•>

A

4

^ -^yl^A-c cXX

AA^_, ^'L-C'2-Y ^va

L-^

A

AAA ^aTXa

7*

A. 7 At-< *7 /A <5.a

■A^ {/ Is'l-y,

AX'V vxj^y ^

/'

or ^ ,A *rA'1 -AAi^. ^ C^'V

j

ZX

■uyi-^ *L A 777 t xj JCZ l. ^ ,t7 . -.

79 ^

Z,_ {. Z /A f_^_^- ^

1 t v ^Zx^c. eZZx^Z dZZstA.

ty<

C? O-A^.

XL

L i X aao ,Z t

Ofy^i7\.

7jc-\^< c

7

X

<X- tXOf

l T

•XT

7C,

/t ^ y X

Ti- Sx-'tS' 7

/V-4^ l

,4

X

X'—i x -/Tt-'txX ^7 4^v r.ix6/^ '~xJX] cs?

X\ ^XvX

'V

cc/a^--

X

£X~*

/

t'U^y Cx_^

/J~L- i

X

7 -

7A,

OcA. XLi-y_^_

<^dx^-

<4 ■

, fc ^^Vv ^-V

/( 12 , Sc-^x. z C^xr cx^ xl^.

‘/-'L. Is^a^' \ ^/ rf/l'X^-'^sy-^ fL /^•L-X'£-f~^J~J CA.y'

^X ,'LA'C/\s~- X t/-^- cA-A-X^-d Yttw ^7 ^Z <AAVA--C<7 , 7/^^ Avt^-K^V^

UV^V. S^lAs-iy- aX-3 (L'-XJ^jCX- ^tAAA ^ * ^Av-x-Zj °JA 7~Z'-~*-' < ^

P AXsCxXa— 7 />^-AX. {jL tAT^ ^Tua- ^CA-A. f /fy^. A cx/XaCX^ ^7277^*

<£a 7 y/Y'To'^C^ t Ym, ^TT'

_y^ 1A^X- yZ-A^y 6<y4w^tVL yjX^A^J

Ah

if

frwC-

fk'V] Jvtoyyj. I

Lu^zi C^,a J &ao, ^jjr y ^ / 1 ^7' Y^' 1 ^ ^ u - c ^ w '~ ^

(yis^/r^^Z, ^xaA/A. f~AAT Z?y t/Cf ^ u^ca ^rAAy

4sJt~l^j-/-j-iL c^-v^A- Ahsi*A t44 £» <^—-<- tz^^AA&ZA u Z^-oAcA- u j^

O^^uAJZ^, ^4 ^0-^.y £iZA c^Mvl^A a _ l^,)' (^^T

t^jetAZi^j C^> <X~ -Lir ^ ~Ci AC? ■ c/At^ -4.

(7 -/ V,' \ -/ t v- ' .. ^ *** /-*C--f5 1 \,'\Aa‘Z t_'\J i' -' - A -C^b . ^

A-t^<_ A c y e ^. o—*-^- ,

lAA 4X4 (U^Ctv^y i~ajJA- ZCr ty-o-^*-~Y aZA^A

Z A i ? C- c/0? ^a^LacAx ^\) — e3s£~

3 0 y c*Lsf % &e33i ^_je^/

iA^/J ^-As>s\J K^fjLAyC A_ \^\_ o\ ^

<Ar f vY-LstA-y OZj/3^1^^ O^'l /vr^ ZU (/\ ^

CA>dAy . / LsC'-t-^./r ^6^tA- ^ '* ^

#J^j_. ccr~uZ^ J 4 A-'l/S. fi^isiz-yys^iyt LA^

(L^^<dsC^ c^/ ^ kAA. S~\3la( { -^ b~o~<t

yiy_AA^AA(y ^ 'hs'C <A °^yY 4

^ Ifc,

Xtv 4-^ 4^y44 b~~^iA, *~ v ^/ *4.^-#.^

TJ c^a~. g-jU^OT 6 Xv^pA^C f |yj/ t .i<.i),j fflb+A JT <s? TA

fc dcMtlc^^ ^ ' ~^- jf 1 ^ f 7 ^ ^'^44,

$~JLA^_* (Al/ax At At. y^ Z4u>i^,.., r <^4t4 ^ZxAA fa

J 1 ' 1 y • /

'*/■- 1 i- Z , £* '~PZ'Cax , / Zca.

4. t^w 44v- 4-U. ^ ~Xh~x rU l/'

/IaaAA ov/A-

y r — y

At-KS^-^ tA
LaO* Av^'M

--T>-^vJ ~^Xa ^ e '-+J'-A^, I'AcAa

tA tA/-ct_^y ?aZo~\^xa*—

#- •w'i?

4

Ca*Ai^ Z-f f\A\}~^AAAxyxA/^ ^x/cAx^y

ti4&
.^T' U

' ZtvbA y
^by Cc^tA

4U

/Jxc-^A &*k (A "^xrvv. ^ l/ix-A. e^s/- 4 -«-

,4

( JcJLj ^ ^ ^ 1 /i “ ^/ ^ i ( ir i 7

17“ ^4^. fl if n, //s~l*'J CUj-Aa\^ / f./l/,, f J-tr-AJA

'L-i — ^ 7 c 1

J Q

Z t 1 7T

J d / /

//.iiA / A/aAcAX>.iai / /_ ,., xaA.^ Ji,/AyzAx - y/ /io> — a o-i y z$ j

Cx A ^- /

r 4tj— AlA\oJv>-x A C l : , t

~ ^ 1^cA/-A 1 /T^T-l-

j ji.&yy&A-i - b / L<j-

'-xyXAyAy ^ S i.yy Cx-A

<. -Ol/^x ^AU u-< __ ^ yz - ej yj U >~ A 0~x 2

6 . X^y ('Y z * , ** ^ v i v^^X.'f . - -jbc/At ?' y i / 5 ^ jZ^ ■ - ^ z <-a_/Z

A 4 t 4^.v z>-^7 /4u y ^ucUtd-t A 4zlV ; >z. /, <Tl^- i/ aJ^xA/l (J 0 ^ <iX ^’

/ " -+J /!> '—T- / ■ 7/ ' ' '^-‘ ” ^ y

Tw

4‘

A

Q faxjfa*. TV . ,

/w/

^Uyj, If S poxdkxi , _ .SSt-i/V-fcvy A cLkaac^~ HlsVt f ^4^CV,

w jf*. J 4 y J, ^ ^ d^y tJ* l .&4 V ^ \J Q &*o AaU\. £jjJ/toVO<ky

6-J I?C+-\ Hvw««4ii fj ^vwv §\*V-+XClh**d . (fa. Mr. ^ , HXjja. Q-aJJtr

t yu*4 fa»~ *w^ e*.7~ £c**^Z~ ^yu-x. U sU**U^ t

^Cy t*. /^vy <Uw<| ^v*. ^ haia^j uVU-d.

ej^/Ay A# twuUw^ jtvwlA*. ^v^vc t-Cof Afar^x.

tyro&As 4-AvJ Jjjnah. #VJ A/ ^U »^~kaAa(A- £*, TfaZx <2is!A. W<o4

^aJM-A i <J-iML ^/uw Cw^-^vy 1 *-faxU fp&twsi £{*yA*ZT c^a, t**^Syy -Aoxxc*.

^ w -' A/v-n iwwn.^U<4 VI/-HA |L4^Uiu/ Ha. <■<'*■•«-

A 4xA~+A*JL th&M. fr »WVA^4 ifajtCi efa-A*-x <ybj, / <AXhsfaC. Po Ujlwy f M*

^VC^-^A-*-^- 6«/v ly ^6 vv5 Avwv uMA ^ Lo\ Co 4-irCo~ds faPXlmsuA. ** ^ Lu o^y

ffiXXiMs. faj <x KauLJ-A**- ^(,AvwC a/oaaa>XJ~ fax JZlZ^ Ck^XX^iA-dt

i £y ulwvJcy zr oxtzzfa. a- ^Ivv <^r ^ u^au t h* *- *fa+tX~£Xfa f ^yyyy

gkjlfa i*j~t>—£jL i»«. “y . <^VVr*-4 >fcc y-V-^Li Qt , t XxLyu^U.

** . > » f
tfioiX LoOx W ~Z»" &. A ^<aT Q-VOtM. cJ-CKAAaa* yOoiAuXy &KA+*Aa*^J ^tTvfa f

yp&u*. **-CtMy% cUrv+o. ~£\ yU~ A fa&fa 0~toxX) ^ ^ <W U-t

jp^/yAfa > ^Vy Q-Cx/C t^tiTA CaO^cMa^A. j (yU-<^t-iy ~6TA*4**y Aa^xaSaIUCx.

OXA. £-*A^tX~ ! fafa tk ** U (] ZCvAiAAA-y' tCoosy*. (h-x3*-oG O&CoxZC &\*-*~-*^

~Z^ac*a^Aa . i fa. jyJ~c^<A** ^*y j^W^T, //,_ ft

^WK« ^ # O© OXa. OcA^j/^A .

H^asla. 4^-v~4 yicy-oo^i <UAA*v^ <&A^«jt) - Q-tA-£j/~*i ^

(LaaavvsX*^a- «>j (\uxaM, r^r#vU^v/< ^xocL "Co-c ‘N Wo-Ca-v

•vvw. 4^. ^tw*vy . PlZU*.

/aw S-tAAA. / ^ *^J H* /?V yl*r~ &~vy~t*~ ,

^ ia. /^y^^A-iAjrvv^ - ” Aa^aL P~*V i^-e^JX*-. I/\aaJ $sVytsoxAAA^. kvv CeotA-JfrxK C>

sj £-+aXs (~*a^o^*A- klji-tA i^vCT* HA«At4 iKxomMxa. ! 'p£Z

/ pAO\*jfO'PX~ XAS&C' 0"V*A* / IKj ^TA>1« t*lxX.j jnACOol^^fL *~yx PiZujXcyy^.

KAA^ • fay j^o-4-4, &L*yl $ hc~*Ax pfax<A^/~o<fa

(pyX pfarJ 1n*>*Ms&»r1 pitysooy &-V~^X \xaaj <*X~

cC r

U j-, Jo I

5 (

I&b<j

(X j

tr\rxA^

Cx^Txa. 'Iasx y&x*.

y<r-VAX J CJ-iUa-Xw) /^AA'<

fa ^^aaaXxa C ^*~ ■ ^Ao- ^ cjJsl-ia^ C^CC ^A> -cXXi^Al

'tea* &n Vv^yv-^. . ~f' b^{jr-\y<rx^\-'‘- f / 4 x,

'UM\a- ixM-

<1 ix^C^iA- V- jj

4_^^V ttWWL'

j^^Xa-AA- v/ ^l^vVA/U'-V^ ^ ^Y'XAA'V X S^/t /* ‘j^\JJ~~K*^ C) fa

"]■ Ho t^/ow Ixr^AtL 4 iwrv (£<!aaa ajOu^-h^ iAiy L *i-i! j-^ 4 ^*Aa ^

dnc~ ^ <*-A^V- d-A)~~Ss+^~ 0 ~~\y ^A. ~i/CH_ ta/l/~XA_ L t x Va/ ^ VUA '| ?LU y Xox-v)-^ <?~avA- 0 ~\ ^^Va. ,

-TWv^ /. 4 x ~ZT 7 .HsrHtzLy cUt^u^^L i^cULj a -1 ^7 7 -i^ u ^-
c^i./ 6L. cLu^ ,. Ja~ ^aht Snst (L aX ^lIjaL &yy <y7 .

^aA^X~~~(XAZ iftAT

~f' ^ T^XCa ttV^A y^-AAAA /^. AX

IatI\JAJL.‘ O’U y' AA. YM? Tfe^ ^C C« ^ / J rv-wt C UmaMs I H,

, $Xj~vxx UO~Uu>-L^ ^ ^S'fflZ L<y_ G^- lX J ^/wy M>-</U^.

y (U^vr)^, cn/^ l^X*. IaAXX y^X-vaa-^^ “ 3 ^ rXXcUj-j *%<? yxxftXT

Ct^-a.

/^Cv VwOU

-fK^

xy/

^ frAAxsAS IAJ-X aAJ /ltA~y

fy\'\xAXx 4 k- &v%jts tT ' ■lfov++* kct ^ jk. ^ ccr~ ‘^ cr ~ K ~$hXia~

Aa-v-^ JCaaXaxa XaAAaXvX a ~ttX 'H-l t\J-f-y

MAtvtf ivO A'XT-

/XaaaXa- 0~lr~^. ^/u

«A^y- Aa 7 tM!^. -fr Va . 3 t tAA-ZtV <U. AA X«-jMy (^XXXxxXa ^YN.

Ova aa_ v^ w. XT 4 _Ax/a h~6~cL UAfflA ^A fcu,C«AA

^ (/yivA XT IKvU Aav A ‘fc* O-VVA ^ ^Xvv S"*t>

irx

y ia/'^Xaaj . Zx^-vaj yXt x’<X ^V-v

£^ 2 a-vA X^X ^ Xo U 4 X ^L AvOv 7

V K-A^, 4tA ^

>fc»y

(CvaX J 7

(/V^-tXw

V ^Ia t-XOAX

^ t.® \. V 'to-AvvX K**y(c

7 ' ^- ™ - — ^

XT X) u/vCvvU X. jj LCX tX/iAXA. ^ yXi-HX , /^x*- uMxj»

^X-AXy ‘IH\, ^ 1 - <y "l Xvvy tX^/cAx 4 ^*AWt ^^XowX 7 ^‘ y ^'

7"1^) fw>CvAl) — v<) <A AA a ' / t ^Aa_ 'X 'X c av, X XvA. ^

a^oL. (Ci^Ct^ y_XXX«AAc^ ^ ~ 7 ^va XtAxx .

yvXC $avX^L y ~fc yoTXw \^A^ IA/vAa /^X<X>Xoa. ^aY /fc^v

\a^^c^a^ua^ *y t

/^ L^viX, t/^\A. c ^cdhCfr ^--

LA/^Xh^A^-d-' \sL%Zxx> C*- (y^syO ^

j'ux^f * ^ cw^x- 'UsO^aU^' l. V ^ ^ixu^x.^

Oxsr^t^L > U^cL. (rtl-x. C^ / U ^a^ 1 ax cUshO

£. AjLi*A~ . ^fcu IA/X*sf tsLA^/^y ^AaC^CL^ VlArxA-x. a^\ /Ahy. cU^*4_y

^2 IA-4a 2^ i^AAAV^^. ^ ^v/L^y '

\a^£^aa^Ia~ ^ ^ $J:. /isft^XJ-Xr

_ f ^ /f

< \hiA-^j dUxLe^Jt

%z

O t f

//

4-*-- ^ /< 1 1 • ^

r T

"On the afternoon of the 5th (Oct.) while walking on the
Fitchburg R,R. between Waverly and Clematis Brook I saw a few (8-
10) Whi t e - b e 1 1 i e d S wa 1 1 ows sailing high up in the air. This was
at 3.20 o'clock. In a short time they collected together in a
compact flock, mounting the while to a prodigious height, the number
increasing to upwards of 40 birds. Their intricate movements dur-
ing their upward flight produced ant almost kaleidoscopic effect.
They then moved rapidly off to the S* by E, at such a height that
they could only be discerned by the aid of the opera-glasses and
the favoring white clouds which were floating through the sky. As
they moved off, the course, of the flock as a v/hole was direct, but
apparently the flight of each individual was not in a bee-line. It
appeared to me that the wind, which was then blowing light from the
N, W, was an important agent in impelling them toward the South.
Shortly after the departure of these, others to the number of 40 or
50 came upon the scene apparently from the north -feeding in the
space lately occupied by their predecessors* I did not, see these
depart but on my way back through" L over *• s Lane". (1/2 S, of the R.R.

I saw probably these same birds about overhead. They gradually
disappeared from view without my getting any clue to their course
and a few were dispersedly seen up to 4.30 o'clock."

■J a ' ! Ci '

,'frV Huai.

(Xjy^i l b f

1 A'O X<S y (j \f~^\^_£l__. ^V\//v.

l(p

^ lATtL^/lfr\A/~3 Xo - < 7 ^-y £*&~t^i/~- ^Aut-Axy- l^S~ls6 / t^j t/~Z^'h^y^s'£

/ ( t

%aj~~^*-*~^^-' c\A ’tT~j $~is\_sq-*^o -d-s /i^-z^sC .

t'tAA, , / l/lAsL^h~ -^O'^ iATX^y

L\X^UAnsy^j : ’

yzz^c ' jy~tfc ,4 yy *- ' 1 ^ 27 -

&~XA, sQ-y^O

/ \/\sy '/- y^yt

<^zr

~ y - /

C^x^yy o.^-il.. 'U^o

y ^ ^ _ ~W

OCo-tyCC* t^v~\ yyylA A^t/v o^yt /^vu^l .yl v^a^s

y- K*r~ ^ ' f - 7 - / /

/i.A'^^-

ca^v_

t-^x/L h^-j/b. $~ o-^T/C.

£ 7*77770 srf < 5 aaa <7

1) ifj

cx/Cyo <y^yy.s\sv^yy{->~--<A^-‘

eXXt^-TX t/Lx_^/ j-^V-itxa.

>y0\.

v^i. <^c c /7 u JO-<'>y

L

7T~Z l7//a*Z- , 7//[y

£j~**0 d-'Cr?~<.

^■ 7 'XK-' 0 \Ay 7?y

y

n&i

vyy^ v y&y^--c^' t-»^vo r

uj~yy z ^L-t„x *l^y. Zodjy x^j-^y^y

y 7 %y 6 '\r^*yt'~ — ^^ia - ^ ^C^v ~ 5 > Za ~~

<Ui

/

y y,A^<y£0^tA„

hyyo

^pf' ft-xL&^e/^ c* — (

y

^ y v ' /

<T\^-‘

^ / i/ls / L4J C* L-O C*yi^^y

^Xl-vw-v cyi^'t^yy £yi/\

^C-C^ZX 1 -^ 6 A^w^n^V JyiAy\^v^,y ^ / # vhsxsy

/yC dyyx^s^f t*xMSL*^ t\> /xtm-s\s ^tA-c^v^

^ry-x^j

(y^xATiA. s^y

U*~y ^v^L-vvX

AtTv^A.

^v/tMAAA^ — y iy^yt

■^yj 0-4- «X^7 0^7 /Xt-v

J ,

^./yC\Jy~^^ (T\a. ^u, tXoxc

^3w

L-i^y/sC^- tx\A./

/ ^.y^V^-'V-

jy jfcC XxjjyiiL

v f

//7

'^^s\aa y^y\y\

<^r? /~x^/yl / C t O^L-yyi 4

'Vt^ -oy^C\ 1 $cy-ps6
/tA^o ytsf~ (yjA^yf & y~o HtxyJiZ,_

1 / '
ty~LAM*^

Ws{a}-^A~ (X.'AA-aA'' /^Ia/l^a.

C>^/ °^- J y.'U^

l A/i^ (Asyy-

y~ 7-'Cyo , C~Xla- Ihi/y^i^- - K/vvu- ^cxTy ^Cy

" Ui 14 (T^&siyi y h&-AT^ At'

/i?

7

/f

7^U.

/'U^l v 1--^-/ ^VVI.

4777- Jt^y , 7- Qe-tiX At^eUl yZMK>y J^/yyy/ Ac^a,

v <j <w^ »^<c, c^w yy«- ^ c ^auc iykc ^ *

/vtyAsyf d)
yt/\s\ y\jA.su,Ci
c^ 4 y^yvA 6 uA.
6y~*-'\, ^'Cv \Ttls-d-

/yiAJ^AyTpxyyj / *^A.

{Xm-^VVaJ / J- / {/ti~ x *-

« — cX-- ^ t-4r^--A~' j j\a3~ks^- X7-\,

yl (IAZ iyxA^-'l^^Aj ¥ Jl^uAso yZl-'lsy /-^-p<

I >

-2t) .A (^.',. ^ / <A */ c !JXW t •’ 1 ' •/

y , / v t

^iru^AAA^u-y c $yy ~yy 0^*^ gun^. i^-e^Cy 777 ,/az

SH

/it. ^tw,. CsS**S C CT /i^CJU^A

iT"' £ - . If. - * ■ /(jr^^v^ Jy

(ffThO /w

’ygnpord, ??.. s*.
A.pr*^.. «tv i~, <■••■•>«

CvJvuX

ftA-^XZ ~ fasChuAj /wW4\j 7 <

InAs/r^ / ^-^vt. O^rXy, ^*sH~ * / ' / '^V«L ,'*-'? 0\AsC^ W-'-'Xa.

4^-w^vv. ca 3( (fh^Mt^CtAt-t

d/u-J; (fvw(. ‘. , vv

^ < ' V 0"W ''§fyfSV~/ l &-A fCi.., o / ^K- ^upj-^j,

SU.

.1 «<ww

2£v

hjr^U

^•.lipaoord, Mass,
Aprii, y. .

«4T ^4 »f Zk A&iyr .{/ja/a. iUwfcw-s

(Vvv\ ^ - JLr^j j AU*« (Nw, Vw * A ^ K ^ Vv1 , /ft.

ik kv~~v Xilw» .

^Cvy /*A«~^*C IT -^W l ^Vs^wv /6*^# * ^>~

<^a ■ y w-^ > /Xx»v*«c^ ^ y T* iaSP^^w^ *wi ^k * /t

“T^fc-y A*A«Mr%, / «/ /•‘^W * v -^ rwv ^(wivZry ,

4 £ar /d^i3T 4 y i%««| A&AC- Aal~a^ /fr£*&i

HswM * wtf Jt.* * 4+A- m / / ^

^ 4rt*y /£+-4 $j p <•* '~f p *%-s. A. A. /, ^Um£k,

*, f '^A. A , -. . &&.. ixn A &* « %

ry~/

^ -*j_ i

^ Am i A ZpL f&4 fi*+xzrj \

^ ifi|p noordj_Masa» A'^'v^ #L ^vtA ^ ^wv, Aw, fcn » ^*i - * m. ^j£-

%ril-. f. 1393*

*vv~ /(kv

* w - A ^**A' — i 4 <Wv ^^ &a**-*k.

Its A* VV ■ ^ 4-t / I ‘^%~I ut &~+<~

• ^~v ^

Tachvcineta bicolor .

! Concord,
18S6.

J Apr. 14.

Apr .15.

Mass.

To Ball's Hill at 9 A.M. The warm wave of yesterday has
had a most marked effect on the birds. I saw not less than
300 White-bellied Swallows. In fact they covered the whole
of the Great Meadows as well as the meadows below Ball's Hill
flying close over the water in swarms wherever the wooded
points gave shelter from the east wind and scattered aoout num-
erously enough over the more exposed portions of the meadow.

I had hoped to find the White-bellied Swallows on the
meadows but during the passage to Ball's Hill I saw in all
less than half-a-dozen and only a straggler or two during the
remainder of the day. The immense numbers feeding on the
meadows yesterday forenoon must have continued their migra-
tion at about 4 P.M. when I saw upwards of fifty pass over
Benson' s pasture heading due north but flying in their usual
leisurely, desultory manner feeding by the way. At the time
I suspected they were leavixig us and a little later when I
paddled up to Concord I did not see a single individual. I
wish I knew when this great flock arrived . Probably they came

in early yesterday morning.

Tachvcineta bi color.

Peterborough., New Hampshire.

1398. Two perching on the roof of the barn at Ben Mere farm

July 5 July 22nd. The species doubtless breeds in the stubs about
to

Aug. 15. Long Pond (E.Jaffrey) for a dozen or more were seen there
July 5th.

!

i

Penobscot Bay, Maine. 1880.

ClA. omsdj

k) CaasJXZj

\J *C ^ c^) (XtJL ^flArrv*, C ( / ?vc , ^ G-**s J * ^ ^ <Xa " a ' < ^''

$-rrys^~*^ cCkj±~eX~ ‘'V" '* r ^

. (| ^ l+^ Ji <~4 6~is^- ^ ^TXi,-

/i81f J

" IJ Utfu™ - Qpto^J u . ^ S\AJL*lX*X~j O^A. ?Vt UA*| Ibxx-f^AMnA. (AA.

t**u^ y-^JJbt^ &ZtM. PZmJ, -w Ur^, Aaaa dj XZZ*. %*/( e u*irU*Aj

[<Z*0 1 ^ UM £Z3w- /**" /^7 ? y

\Jf<J*jJi f *fdrO cJr+'^X b\r^ CC\S^ ^^- 4 . Ou^, CL

Iavc b\^As ^vys ^tv-v (r'- / \uL^ & 0*ZA*rKf TZ~ Csd^~+s^+~--X "^ax-^a.

fj-ljO^* <6^*^ j f l-f Cdr A -~d •

* ^ £- •&< A h^o-aa-* ^ . j ovva. q. LjX tAr*XZ„ C*rv* .

u A) ^ <ywT gfc . <Si.*r*-6JL 6*-tyt^. <~a» ^-^4v ^Vu-i«x , (ha*. CLa* ^«~^y *~- *“■

** / 6 PjjXxrriU <rUl* \ bst-/ trw a. f^Art*. Ua~*- “- / ^v'-oSZX Uj~JX jf * — -~y ''-’'■—7*

/fc -T-AA 1 ^

- /Ui^ ^r. A:.

Birds of Upper St. John
Batotieldar,

32. Tachycineta bioolor ( Vieill.) Caban. White-bellied Swal-
low. _ At Grand Falls it was common in suitable localities. None
were seen about the town. It was abundant at Fort I airfield.

Bali. N.O.Oa 7 , April, 1882. p.110

Birds •within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Gan, Gomeau & Merriaxn

24. Iridoprocne bicolor. White-bellied Swallow. — Common ;
breeds plentifully. First seen May 12, 1882.

BuU. N.O.Oi 7, Get, 1882, p. 235

L

] Birds from Port Churchill, Hudson's
Bay, W. Eagle Clarfr,

Tachycineta bicolor. — An adult male.

AUK, VII, Oct,
1880, ©„ 322

Last D ate s Migr atory B ir ds obse r_ved by
B. D . Win tie, Fall 1885, Montreal, Can.

-rfacr.jy. Wi

lite-bellied Swallow.

O.&O. XI. Mar. 1886. p. vV

Ornithological Trip to St. Bruno P Q
May 25, 1885. E. D. Wintle, Montreal!

Wliite-bellied Swallow, plentiful.

O.&O. XI. May. 1688. p. 7<T

43- Tachycineta bicolor.

Aak ‘ 4, Jan., la8?i p<10

An Ornithologist’s Summer in Labrador
M. Abbott Frazar.

| Tachycineta bicalor, Tree Snavm,,.

fa ",s:r

O.&O. XII, Mar. 18S’7. n

I

Breeding Dates of Birds in Kings
County, N. S, Watson L. Bishop.

White-bellied Swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor).
May 27, 29, 29, fresh.

O.&O. XIII. Mar. 1888 p.45

SummerBde. Restieouche Valley, N.B,
July, '88. J. Brittain and P.Cox, Jr.

settlements Cta biCOl ° r ' ^ Swa ^— ; only in vicinity of

A«k, VI. April, 1889. p.H8

gammer Birds of Budbury, Oct.
A.fi. Alberger,

614. White-bellied Swallow. Common in
tlio village.

Q, SOs XV, Jaae, 1890, p»88

Notes from the Magdalen Islands
Tachycineta bicolor . June, 1900
H.K.Job, Kent, Conn.

Auk. XVlll, April, 1901, p.200.

Dwight, Summer Birds of
Prince Edward Island,

Tachycineta bicolor. White-bellied Swallow.— Fairly abundant,
nesting in old Woodpecker holes in clearings, crevices about barns, and
the hollow ends of the rails composing the zigzag fences so common on
the island. The sudden disappearance of a Swallow as it alighted on a
fence was almost startling until I learned that in some deep hollow, de-
cayed out of the heart of an unsplit rail, was a cosy nest of grass and
feathers. It was impossible to dislodge the birds that were sometimes out
of arm’s reach, but several nests examined the last week in June contained
young. I have never found this species nesting in such a location before.
Auk. A, Jam 1893, p.12

,r> hicnlnr Tree Swallow. — Regularly met with

49. Iridoprocne bicolor.

about the various lakes.

(a.,

II (ZsCAtXsO.

228 Iridoprocne bicolor. Tree Swallow.- Regular summer resi-
dent common April 8 to September 13; earliest record Marc , ,

latest fall record October 20, 1906 (H. H. Mitchell); breeds (June 7, 1890).

Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F. H. 0.

40. Tachycinela bicolor, (Wliite-bellied Swallow).
A common summer resident. Observed in the
forest regions, where many would be seen skim-
ming over the surface of the lakes. They breed
about Eustis, in the hollow slumps of the clearings.

O.&o. XI. Oct. 1886 . p. 146

SummerResidents on Southwest
Ooaat of Maiae. Montgomery, Jr»

014. Tree Swallow. The most abundant
bird at Boothbay during the first two weeks
of July, but at the end of the month all ex-
cept two or three pairs had left.

& am 10, Wu 2 Tov,189Q. p,W2

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

h, .

^ *

Rye Beach, N.H. 1867.

/ $. /f Bye Beach, N.H. 1868.

, ^ * *m 4

^ . - jU4 ^>^3 / A^- * Rye Beach> N - H - 187L

k xscJrC* \ . . Rye Beach, N. H. 3872.

' , ’ F; y^B~each,,N. H. July Q3-24 1885 .." ^ /

^^^^ bor o,N.H.J« n e.l7-1887.

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H. .June 11-21
’86, and June4-Aug. 1,’87, W-Fa xoa

48. Tachycineta bicolor. White-bellied Swallow. — Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.152

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and 4-11, *83, W. Faxon

41

Tachycineta bicolor . Wiiite-bellied

Swallow. — Not common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

White-bellied Swallow, ( TacAyaineta bi-
color). Bare Summer resident. Arrives the last
of April. Breeds, nesting in holes in trees.

O.&o. X. May. 1885. p. //

i; m

s 't^-~ , <.._ . , A- y^-z-^z Jy-T^-^-^f zZ-Azy^ — .

AZzAyA.^ - - - y / f , / .

/Z^zT- (AyA A zAAz^^AA^--- /Az-. iA^AA

AMA^SaA fifAr- A^zAA ^A^J?sy?AA JZ%A^Ay
z3>ZAA ^ Z>^A ^ ZAAAlAy’

y^^Zze. — zi-A^A* —

rtf- . jAAyy^^Azz--iZ

/y Az^^-

-/H^~

/Azz AL^-at-AArrA Zz^ /AzA. Z^AAAzA-

^t*<^*^*» /f * * » S * i

v

UAA^ J ~ a -^' —

dzJj 7 4 ^ / ^- /IL ^

4 f 7^ ^ Ayr AT . ^/i

.

ffijA+ithi iAc/rte^ &V , ■Z- -^cr e !^^^.

y^*-y-> AAA* .

~Z^Z** zZ^z*- *f-Z ! ~z- 1 -?zf

jH u-^ 4-cZ^ly /h^-*y^*^-^C aA>o<Zi AA^AA<*y-^. ,
A^^A^Ay 0 -l^- A- t-^v_ AAl^

- Al 4 -**-+-7 ~cs ' A

QA&~ K **-Ay @~is—>--~- S^t^A, -> yy_4c4i*- y

( yyA^-Z AAy g^A~~~~z

r <io^t*<«, Ak. •Tcg-c*/^,

a~ At^*-

■

^ < ~^~i/t^ u~ ACy ,AAAAz A~t- £* t - 3 S. ^

/ZAZCfcAzi 0*JL~y£y >n>-L^~ AA*. AA^-AZZZZ t

jAz^A C~ (A, CfyZAAZy *- /Zs-C^S 37 ' ■ ■■.<■>,

^ 7Z^~tzAy^uL ^ujA^a . >^ 4 *-t.

69

I

yi—. /2~

^2-^^y-e. — .

t%3y^^Ly J.'Y S-^ s<<-^

^T7" — . /^Zy

y^y / y^/- y^y^—

&z-<y~ y/^y^z^e~

y/^TTzy^ /0~ y&z^e— y

" 7 ^ ^ ^ /; /^f 0^^/- Sk-4~ ^Ss/'--

t£~cx—

UJia^lJI ^ J^Ocs - o J-CJLy~^ 4 ^

4 ^ 7^«^ <« <=^ , yUyy-r , M

%Jl.

lyiyC*'

^ /£u

&4 -^s ayC^i &~^~ - -

y^L^* <*y*y^ty( _ _->' ^y*y\j-y- flyZy<y lyt- J '^tyty<y*yly ^

0~lS- t^>- <U^C.^ ' <4l«u4l^

/ p9^t^cy<yy #^>-*—^2'

t*y ^\sC-*~«- ar^Cy£yO***. y j < 40 ^*^— y<^-K-/yL a ^*^<

£‘~y~~1/tty(y'' y £ / {X* y^Ct-y^/ •/***.

”/i*y/rr..j a.: J/ ^

^e-v. — t.

^s_

/

U /?<yy£i^ d 9-i>^- / %-- /i^UyZy ftt*A+6~r ;

f / CyO^* ^C^y^yy ‘ — - /\yriA->-$ &7 //u^-^y~

^v%.

MASS. ( Middlesex Co J

APR 25 1888

Two at West Townsend flying over the village. Seen
daily at Ashby, but apparently not numerous anywhere in the region.
In a pasture on the side of nt Watatic at an elevation af about
800 feet, I found a nest of this swallow in a natural hole in an
old apple tree. The parent birds were wonderfully tame, and appa-
rently wholly unsuspicious of any danger on account of our pres-
ence. They would pass in and out of the hole when wecwere stand-
ing wiohin a few feet of it, and when we looked in would, perch on
twigs a yard or two above us without showing the least uneasiness.
The nest conat ined four or five young about ready to fly. I ob-
served that they were fed by both parents. One of the old birds
in passing close by me occasional ly flapped its wings alternately
like acehimney Swift, but usually the wing strokes were given to-
gether.

MAGS. ( Middlesex Co.)

JifyyxJL 2, /

h

/tZ*. A - C/! r* 4i ( *k/ .

' tA+A t /e~t < J

J u^a^-^a J/ y Ttr<^lJ Ct A^J,

fa „ </ y,^ * Sir. *fa+4. , 4 ^— <*

^ <a4 * /L >
j^Zy ^

^^UsZ<**A~l i<ZZZ*f -1

JhJy / $tA^f /? AAA. f 4xAA-<£lZy *~^- <**♦<. 4AA^ZZZ~~ 6*-y

,,</ , . E. Maes. 1885 . /U^u^n ^Li V

XxcjLl, tA^S2&. /ft rt,l* ,__ Jt.+„ Z./.Z3 ‘ J-J-jl

PI CTdAM r'rtYV^, «#.. — ’ / # '

/

fel M “’^l >?- ,a8 5 , ' ✓

7 a^c^*/ .

Mass, (near Cambridge).

1888

APR 25

itb og/OC e.

-dt

it "iCiS:

~ "W. Dentoi

// <ue^v ^W- Jdze& ' /uszr

g^ZJld ylCOM~ (n^£- £t-/ ITU, ^/tag-iZ, lAtd-Z, *ttrfy*lC4jg

&eJAA/t£stsC /ta^£ 1/l0~Us(KLs Center dr-^^'3^. .

h ' ' „ I V'^Winchendon.Mass. June, 1888.

Pali Migration, Bristol County , Iasi

1885. Charles H. Andros.

Qfxfet'. <2 b;- Towards
night a flock of about twenty White-breasted
Swallows were noted soaring about overhead.

O.&O. XI.Jan.l886.p.4.

Pali M igration, Bristol County , Mass.
1885. Charles H. Andros.

Oct. 5 ; several W. B. Swallows noted to-day by
a reliable friend.

°- &0 - XI - Jan. 1886. p,2-

Pali Migration, Bristol County, Mass.

1885. Charles H. Andros.

Oct. 7; two W. B. Swallows were noted to-day
making tlieir way south. The last seen.

O.&O. XI, Jan. 1886. p.i-

Pali Migration. Bristol County, Mass.

/885. Charles H. Andros.

One species of bird
almost universally known, remained with us long
beyond its alloted date of departure, and was
then only driven towards warmer climes by a
cold wave.

The bird to which I have reference is the
While-breasted Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor),
which was last seen personally October 7th. Re-
ports were brought in, however, of their being
observed fully a week later. I

O.&G. XI. Jan. 1886 . p. /

Fali Migration, Bristol County , Maas-
1885. Charles H. Andros .

Aug. 22 ; W. B. Swallows rcMS' ^yyyyyi^^^^p
°- & C. XI. j an . 1886. p, /

*s^aAcJi\ 26th, W hite-bellied Swallow .
coVuvctZi, "3 CtAity^-inyotii

O.&O. XI. Apr. 1886. p. 52 ,

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

p. W. Andros.

Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.), Tree Swallow.
Summer resident, common. Breeds.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.140

6?

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. 'W'inchend.on, Mass. Wm, Brewster

52. Tachycineta bicolor.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.389

Bds. Obs. near Graylock Mt. Berkshire
Co. Mass. June 28- July 16. W, Faxon

43- Tachycineta bicolor. White-bellied Swallow — A few

° f N " ,h Ad “"’ ““ ““ »“

Auk, Tl. April, 1880. p.102

White-bellied Swajlows Occupy a
Chimney Before Migrating.

About the first of September last, while
standing at my store door just before dark, I
saw a large flock of White-bellied Swallows
hovering around the chimney of Odd Fellows’
hall, which is opposite. While watching them
they began to go into the chimney, sometimes
a half dozen at once. This continued until all
had disappeared in the chimney. There must
have been at least one hundred and fifty. A
neighbor, coming along at the time, informed
me that he had seen them go in the chimney
for a week. Is this not a rare occurrence?

Lynn, Mass. N. Vickary.

Gene

Stray Notes f ron
Island, Mass.
Tachycineta bicolor. — All
White-bellied Swallow appti
at an elevation of about sixty

LATE FLIGHT OF SWALLOWS.

On the 9th inst., about 4 o’clock p.m., we were sur-
prised, on looking out of a window on West Chester
Park, by seeing a large flock of swallows flitting about
high in air, apparently in no hurry to reach any par-
ticular locality, but feeding quietly along, now to the
right or left, and now rising gracefully, as all the
Hirundo family do, to catch a stray insect, but are
gradually drifting to the southward or southwest. The
sky was obscured by fleecy clouds, threatning rain,
and at such times we have often seen the swallows rise
to great heights, as if to meet and welcome the com-
ing rain, which they really seem to keenly enjoy. We
should judge these birds to have reached an altitude of
from 100 to 300 feet, and the flight continued for a
quarter of an hour after first being observed. During
that time hundreds of them must have passed a given
point.

We could not, for a certainty, determine the species,
but their movements indicated II. horreorum , while
the dark color and square tail would seem to refer them
to II. lutiifrons. We are, however, fully impressed
by the opinion that all the swallow family have de-
parted from this region before the end of September.

Would any reader of Shooting and Fishing kindly
inform us through its columns if it is not quite unusual
for these birds to be seen so late as Oct. 9, in large
numbers, so far north as Boston? W. Hapgood.

Oct. 12.

Are you satisfied with the gun you are shooting? If
not, we will ship to your address a new gun of any make
in return for sub cribers. Send for SHOOTING AND
FISHING Premium list.

M 1495] ' r

y+c 12J * * M —

>wxr-. l

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm, Brewster

52. Tachycineta bicolor.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.380

Bds. Obs. near Graylock Mt. Berkshire
Co. Mass. June 28- July 10. W. Faxon

43- Tachycineta bicolor. White-bellbd Swallow - A few ,

sassr ° f Norlh u ” -*

Auk, Tl. April, 1880. p.102

White-bellied Swallows Occupy
Chimney Before Migrating.

About the first of September last, while
standing at my store door just before dark, I
saw a large flock of White-bellied Swallows
hovering around the chimney of Odd Fellows’
hall, which is opposite. While watching them
they began to go into the chimney, sometimes
a half dozen at once. This continued until all
had disappeared in the chimney. There must
have been at least one hundred and fifty. A
neighbor, coming along at the time, informed
me that he had seen them go in the chimney
for a week. Is this not a rare occurrence?

Lynn, Mass. JV. Vickary.

/?'v.

fyfrt 7 ]

Si=iiioiiioiinoiomoi

£i=onom moomooon /

Li—\ 1 1 10101 iimn iioi aodoo'-W

Z,i=t 1 1 1 1 1 101 10101 1 1 1

81=1 in 161 mom 11 m touQ

6i=riommmmmm jVttw

91— qjuqojr

ii=oiiiiooinioiioooooi •

— : z$ aour-uua ‘Sony pidtu ‘spSier oz UpS

c,_ 8 =oooioiiioiioiio- • • Ayojnn

ti— iiiionmiiioi • • • assajj oi=ioioiiioooiim - • • .regdv

o — iiioooioiioiioi • u ( ui5jooryx £i=il,ooiiniiiiiri • • • j 3 ttiw

6 =oiiooiiioioiioi- • • • sutaj ti=looii 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 • ■ • iioqoM

9 — ? 0 5 I00In0I00 ?° ' ' • aadooo ei=oioiiiiiionni • ipowiaig

. -lira qnp Aui; uioij o.vq jo smear ‘oeui ipea spS-ie; Si ‘ijp

S =1000110011 •• uoriomipoiqx oi=iiiiiiini Auainrr

a W^millTTT * S UXAT. . . d

General Notes.

Stray Notes from vicinity of Muskeget
Island, Mass. George H. Mackay^

wS h hXd a s biC r;° r - At MUSkCSCt Isl ‘' lnd ’ MarCh 26 ’ lS 93> I «aw a
- ^ “ ^on , h was

. . - . Auk X. Oct , 189.3 p 870.

<%S" 1-K.7ZJ YcS~y

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

52. Tachycineta bicolor.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.389

Bds. Obs. near Graylock Mt. Berkshire
Co. Mass. June28- July IS. W. Faxon

43- Tachycineta bicolor. White-bellied Swallow. - A few were

ZAtZT ° f Norlh Ad ““' — — «

Auk, Tl. April, 1880. p,102

t

White-bellied Swallows Occupy a
Chimney Before Migrating.

About the first of September last, while
standing at iny store door just before dark, I
saw a large flock of White-bellied Swallows
hovering around the chimney of Odd Fellows’
hall, which is opposite. While watching them
they began to go into the chimney, sometimes
a half dozen at once. This continued until all
had disappeared in the chimney. There must
have been at least one hundred and fifty. A
neighbor, coming along at the time, informed
me that he had seen them go in the chimney
for a week. Is this not a rare occurrence?

Lynn, Mass.

A. Vickary.

Si=moinoiiiioiomoi assaff

£i=oiioiiiinooiiiooori

Li — 1 1 r ioioi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1101 1 • ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • j 3 (Ioo'’)*'iT

4 i=n 1 1 1 1 101 toiom

gi=riiii6jiiioiiinnii '.*■ jCuDinrr

61=1011 mum mum * J3IPW

jpu;upijj

— : 2 $ aounaiuo ‘Snuy pidtu ‘sp3.nn oz ‘qjS
c __ 8 =oooioiiioiioiio- • • AqoinQ

ti— imoimimoi • • • assaji oi=ioioiiiooouiii • • • jBSdv-

o — 1 1 1000101 101 101 • u 4 unpo.iqx £i=iiooumumi • • • -iamw

0 — 01 1001 1 ioioi 101 • • • • suta j £1=1001 iiiiiiiiiii • • • ^juqoH

9 —op 1 1001 ii 0I000 ° * * * aadoo^ 21=010111111011111' jpuiupag

: *iuo ‘qnp Aub uiotj om; jo suiboj ‘ubui qoB3 spSuBj Si

S =1000110011 •• uo^iounpoaqx 01=1111111x11 iCipina

o — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 101 ossaj-i 9=0110111100 .njSdv

01 — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • W _* 1 fillXAT f\ — niiiTiini .... * .

General Notes.

Island, Mass. George H. Mackay

bic ° lor — At M«skeget Island, March 26, 1S91 I saw a

atane’le t T'!™ a PP arentl T %>'ng due north on migration ; it was
t an ele\ ation of about; sixty feet.

Ant S,Oct,_1893 p 370.

t r - Vr-s-rzr — <

1 js w® /* - MSP7II* **■

■ 7

/<? 0 /

\j c-c Is ^AiaaA' &--t-^ rW> -

^JUL- ^Af?V

l r GJSZ^ J ^

/ fo ,/fL, 5W~ 1 *«.'" C ^ <— * C4aa/ -

r , r ... L ct"<n,, A (Rnt^^'T-Vv

-TS-. , G^>»L , - 7

i — - — p rr v. CvV.c

Lyy^-t "" tA * ^ ■

V ' «W )/. OwJl 'M-

7^ c c^QjZ~ s ^^. t / t<-AX2/3

oV ^ ^ ( <x ci3^ (f< c<r^rv

3^ y ,3 .+.£US~^hlJ&AA .

)^y(yLXr<bLsL^))

"& v \

The migration South of large numbers of the
White-bellied S wallows was observed Oct. 18,

1887, at Diamond Hill, R- I-,by S. F. Dexter.

' *

O.&O.m July. 1888 P.U2

Connecticut, June, 1893,

A

Ac ^ If; , 1 L 9? lO-H' i

' * U- IVzll*:

// <5 6 - 3

dtTfcU^-

/

- ww -e* AjU'S^X^ f

e*Ar^X‘ C&- tV-kA^U# , /A^. <bx22^y °-7

CJU-- jtu ^ *3ZZi&U AT A-U, >j ! ‘ *

^ <3jr" fyf{xK t '^4 A-*Cv^f ^T^v*-y

Wv < VUUfJ^’ tfO - t - j - 7 tz { lezzAT ?

(X.

IrtAA ,

/

w 4.

^ic A.

j.

Xrvt

tuA

6y

J

/u*

v ttz

frAJt*

-<Ua_

<7v-v t/t- , (_ f

/h. S. -

*

lU

U f

a

1 ,X'

222-4*

de

y j

^4 J , J

A

%, ‘

7-

A Swallow Roost near Portland, Conn. — On the opposite side of the
Connecticut River from Portland are what are locally known as the
‘Little River’ meadows. These meadows contain several hundred acres
and through them flows Sebethe (Little) River which empties into the
Connecticut. Along the banks of this ‘ little river ’ and its tributaries,
water oats ( Zizania aquatica) grow in abundance, giving food and shelter
to the Rail, Marsh Wrens, and many other birds. These oats are the
roosting place of thousands of Swallows, the birds spending the night
clinging to the upright reeds, one above another. As a boy it was often
my practice to fire a gun after dark in order to start the Swallows up and
then witness their tribulation when trying again to find a suitable place
for the night. This habit of disturbing the poor birds has not deserted
me in later years.

The Swallows commence to congregate in these marshes early in
August, and a small number may be found there the last week in October ;
the bulk, however, are seen from the middle of August until late in
September. During the day they leave the meadows and only a few are
seen in the vicinity, but at half past four in the afternoon they begin to
appear from all directions, the flight ceasing about 6 p. M. My house is
situated on high ground some two miles east of the marsh, and the flight
of these birds over my premises, and toward this meadow, is so regular
(from 4.30 to 6 o’clock) each afternoon, that a watch is hardly necessary
to tell the time of day. Tree Swallows ( Tachyciueta bicolor ) predominate
at this roost, but many Barn Swallows ( Chelidon erytkrogaster ) are seen,
and a few Cliff and Bank Swallows (Pel rochelidon lunifrons and Clivicola
rifaria). Occasionally a Martin ( Progne suits') joins the multitude of
other Swallows flying about the marsh. — Jno. H. Sage, Portland,

Conn ’ Auk XII. Jan. 1805 p. 83

72

White-bellied Swallow, ( Trachycineta
| bicolor.) I have noticed for several years
I that this charming bird prefers white
feathers for the lining of its nest, and it
: will almost always manage to find enough
to supply its wants. A prettier sight than
six white eggs in a neat nest of white
feathers can hardly be imagined.

•str t rLlt Usimsi, gcvtgt Consist* .

iAxtl*. CcC/lAl ClSicCs C f

O.&o. IX Aug. 1884. p./*7/.

General Notes,

A Swallow Roost near Portland, Conn. — On the opposite side of the
Connecticut River from Portland are what are locally known as the
‘ Little River ’ meadows. These meadows contain several hundred acres
and through them flows Sebethe (Little) River which empties into the
Connecticut. Along the banks of this ‘little river’ and its tributaries,
water oats ( Zizania aquatica) grow in abundance, giving food and shelter
to the Rail, Marsh Wrens, and many other birds. These oats are the
roosting place of thousands of Swallows, the birds spending the night
clinging to the upright reeds, one above another. As a boy it was often
my practice to fire a gun after dark in order to start the Swallows up and
then witness their tribulation when trying again to find a suitable place
for the night. This habit of disturbing the poor birds has not deserted
me in later years.

The Swallows commence to congregate in these marshes early in
August, and a small number may be found there the last week in October ;
the bulk, however, are seen from the middle of August until late in
September. During the day they leave the meadows and only a few are
seen in the vicinity, but at half past four in the afternoon they begin to
appear from all directions, the flight ceasing about 6 p. m. My house is
situated on high ground some two miles east of the marsh, and the flight
of these birds over my premises, and toward this meadow, is so regular
(from 4.30 to 6 o’clock) each afternoon, that a watch is hardly necessary
to tell the time of day. Tree Swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) predominate
at this roost, but many Barn Swallows ( Ckelidon erythrogaster ) are seen,
and a few Cliff and Bank Swallows ( Petr ockelidon lunifrons and Clivicola
riparia'). Occasionally a Martin ( Progne subis ) joins the multitude of
other Swallows flying about the marsh. — Jno. H. Sage, Portland ,

Conn ’ Auk XII. Jan. 1805 p. 88

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C. H, Marxian*.

S I. Tachycineta bicolor ( Vieillot) Cabanis. White-bellied Swal-
low, — T he commonest Swallow.

Bua N.O.Oi S.Qct, 1881. P. 220

Birds Tioga 0©, N,' Y, Aides Loring

155. Wliite-bellied Swallow. Common.
Breeds. Builds its nest in stone walls and
Martin boxes. Tlie eggs are pure white in
color and measure 3-4 in. by 17-32 in.

3* 8 r 0, X7, Mm, 1330,

Ca / ^ [' ? o{ J .

X tT 3 o ~

Tree Swallow. Tolerably common in flocks.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.298.

V/

Notes. -Shelter Island, N.Y.
W. W. Worthington.

White-bellied Swallows

2 the Oth. 0^ stfAiil/.

O.&o. X. May. 1885. p. 5T^-

Arrivals of Mig’y Birds, Spring-1886.
Central Park, N. Y. City. A. G. Paine, Jr.

April 28, Tachycineta bicolor, (014). Tree
I Swallow.

O.&O. XI, July. 1886 . p. log

; »nc vxreatttuu is-

lands, N.Y. Aug. '88 B.H.Dntct. r.

18. Tachycineta bicolor. Tree Swallow All th , i i.

the preceding species will apply also to this. ' S ^ Said of

Auk, XL April, 1889. p. /

FrO'o. luanaean Soc. of N. Y, 88-89

During most of August and September, in the afternoon of each day
there would be a continuous flight of the White-bellied Swallow ( Tachy-
cineta bicolor ), accompanied by a few Barn Swallows ( Chelidon erythro-
gaster) ; the number that passed was very great.

Brea. iiiraaeaaSve, ©f N. Y S 88-QJ

Mr. Chapman knew of several Tachycinetci bicolor seen
gunner near En^lewp^ gd on December 31, about 1881:
warm. He referred to the habit this species has of feeding u]

. Ank.e . Apr, 188©, p

and killed by a
The day was
)on bayberries.

2k3i

Bird* at Fort Klamatk, Qr**on.

U. A. Maaraa,

17. Tachycineta bicolor ( VieUlot ). White-Bellied Swallow. —
No. 14, £ ad., April 28. 1875. An abundant species ( Witlich ).

Bull. N. O.O. 4, Jmly, 1*79, ».184

Birds of Waskirngrton Os. Oregon.

A. W. Akthoujr.

89. Tachycineta bicolor. Wiiite-bellied Swallow. — Abundant
summer resident. Builds in hollow stubs and Woodpecker holes.

A*k, 3 . April. 1330. P-170

Birds of Fort Klamath, Oregon. J,C
Merrill. Remarks by Wm. Brewster

Tachycineta bicolor. — Arrived April 4 in small flocks, and was common
by the middle of the month ; breeds.

Auk, V. October, 1888. p.360

Tree Swallows by the Million. —Early in September I visited the
Long Beach Club at Barnegat, N. J. This club is located on that long,
narrow point of land which lies between the ocean and Barnegat Bay.
It is about ten miles in length and the club is located two miles fiom the
extreme point. The width of the land here between .the bay and ocean is
only a fewhundred feet. While there I was attracted by an exti aoi dinaiy
flight of Tree Swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) which commenced about
eight o’clock each morning and lasted several hours, the birds flying
always up the beach toward the inlet and never in the opposite direction.
Evidently they crossed the channel and returned later in the day along
the opposite shore of the bay to their night quarters. My interest in this
daily flight was greatly aroused by the enormous numbers of the birds.
My stay lasted but a few days, but on the 19th I again visited the club
and on the morning of the 20th watched for the birds, hoping to see
them again. Not a Swallow was seen until the solid column of the flight
appeared, and it was at once apparent that where there were hundreds two
weeks previous there were now thousands. I he flight was compact like
a swarm of bees and at times almost darkened the sky. Most of the time
there were two distinct columns, one flying low just over the water, and
the other high up in the air. I watched the flight for hours, and the air
in both directions seemed alive with them as far as the eye could reach.
In attempting to shoot one for identification and mounting, a single dis-
charge of my gun killed ten birds, so compact was the flight. Two of these
(evidently adult males) were in magnificent plumage, their backs fairly-
glistening with the most brilliant steel-blue color. Three or four others
showed some color, and the rest (probably young birds) none at all.
The next day I again watched the flight in company with my companion

the Hon. Clarence Lexow, of New York. A northeast gale was blowing
against which the birds were flying with much difficulty. A heavy rain
soon set in and the wind blew furiously, still the flight continued and it
was rarely that the chain was broken, even for a few seconds. The
appearance of a Sparrow Hawk among them had the effect of causing the
birds to rise to a great height, but the flight was in no respect letaided.
After watching the birds nearly all of the forenoon we made a careful
estimate of the number that had passed and we calculated that it was not
to be reckoned by tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands, but by
millions. — Tohn Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y. . a

Auk, XVII, Jan. , 1900, p p- tT' 6 *-

7S

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain. North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster.

44. Tachycineta bicolor.

First plumage : male. Upper parts uniform dark slate, with a fine silky-
gloss ; feathers of interscapular region faintly edged with pale fawn.
Secondaries edged and tipped with pale cinnamon-gray. Under parts
soiled white, with a faintly indicated pectoral hand of pale ashy-brown.

From a specimen in my collection, shot at Cambridge, June 22, 1872.

A good series of summer specimens shows well the transitional stages.
The first plumage is worn much longer than in most birds, and the au-
tumnal dress very slowly acquired, the metallic tinted feathers appearing
one or two at a time. The remiges are also moulted by the young, as well

as by the adult, and both in the autumnal plumage have the last pair of

secondaries broadly tipped with pure white. This remarkable feature, so
far as the specimens at hand go to show, is entirely characteristic of this
plumage.

Bull. N.O.Ct 3* April, 1878. p. (? 3 ■

Supplementary. — Tachycineta bicolor. In my remarks upon the
development of the plumage of young birds of this species (Yol. Ill, No.
2, p. 63), I stated that the first plumage was worn “ much longer than in
most birds.” From investigation of material collected during the past
season, I find that the change takes place from about the middle to the
last of September. Six specimens shot at Concord, Mass., October 16,
1878, have all acquired the full autumnal dress. The young differ from
the adults only in having an exceedingly faint brownish-ashy wash on
the breast and throat, and also in the shade of the metallic lustre of the
back, which is of a greener and less steely cast. Both adults and young
possess the conspicuous white tipping on the secondaries.

Bull. 1ST. 0,0. 4, Jan, *879, p V6 .

Albinism and Melani

American Birds* R u

anis-rr. in North
xtuthven Deane,

An Albino Tree Swallow.

^ T. bicolor, ^ On Sunday, August 1st, I was passing along the

road between Lacon and “Undercliff,” and about a
mile south of the cliff I saw an albino Tree Swal-

BuU. N.0.0. 1.

1 4 April, 1876, p.2l low - 14 was with a lar 8 e fl° ck of the kin< I and

■ ' ' Mwvimvili Wiivvuvio HU UO Oil bliu tOUlVUUl,

for should they be fortunate enough to capture it,

they were along a telegraph wire. As to the iden-
tity of the bird there can be no doubt, because I
bad a splendid opportunity to examine it, the bird
being very tame, and I having a pair of opera
glasses with mo. The bird was a pure white one
and presented a lovely sight balanced on its out-
stretched wings in the full sunlight. The entire
party of picnicers watched it for ten or fifteen
minutes. Not being a skin collector myself I
made no attempt to shoot it, but being fully aware
of what a prize is extant, take this method of
warning southern collectors to be on the lookout,

they would have one of the most beautiful birds I
have ever seen. Should any one secure it I should
be pleased to have him inform all bird lovers
through these columns. — B. M. Barnes, Lacon, Bl.

O.&O. XI. Sept. 1886. p. m 1 .

~76

The Singing of Birds. B.P.Biokneli.

Hirundo bicolor. White-bellied Swallow.

The song of this Swallow is hardly more than a chatter. This
is to be heard as late in the year as the bird is with us. Its ordi-
nary notes are less sharp and rapid than those of the Barn Swallow.

Auk, I, Oot., 1884. p. JZS'.

Song of the White-bellied Swallow ( Iridofirocne bicolor ). — I
have seen no account of the song of this species, nor, indeed, was I aware
of its musical powers until the past summer. May 24, at an elevation of
8000 feet, I found a little colon}' just beginning house-keeping in a cotton-
wood grove on an island in the San Antonio River, Colorado. When at
rest they uttered a peculiar chirrupy warble, bearing resemblance to a
Sparrow’s song in some respects, and strikingly like a Robin’s in some of
the half whistles.

The species breeds as high as 10,000 feet, and, I believe, always in trees.

— F. M. Drew, Howardsvillc, Colored u& N. O. O. 0 .April, 1881, p. //*"

o

sS

o

tT>

f*

/ZZZZ. <K-£aZZ

■fr-tr-j o-t ~tdZZ ZZZ /l-ArZ f

pL^ZZtZy <xf iZZ Zo~drZc^. ty

Zr~i^Z i^L*>

A^ZZ Z%Z ZZ^^f, ^Z^ZZy ■ -yr

<4-

+-Z-$~ZZ^

j - tt/4

The Singing of Birds. E.P.Biokneli.

Hirundo bicolor. White-bellied Swallow.

The song of this Swallow is hardly more than a chatter. This
is to be heard as late in the year as the bird is with us. Its ordi-
nary notes are less sharp and rapid than those of the Barn Swallow.

Auk, I, Oot., 1884. p. 32 5 '.

Song of the White-bellied Swallow ( Iridofrocne bicolor ). — I
have seen no account of the song of this species, nor, indeed, was I aware
of its musical powers until the past summer. May 24, at an elevation of
8000 feet, I found a little colony just beginning house-keeping in a cotton-
wood grove on an island in the San Antonio River, Colorado. When at
rest they uttered a peculiar chirrupy warble, bearing resemblance to a
Sparrow’s song in some respects, and strikingly like a Robin’s in some of
the half whistles.

The species breeds as high as 10,000 feet, and, I believe, always in trees.

— F. M. Drew, Howardsville , Colora&nll N.O.O. a, April, 1881, p, //S*

cSuul A^cc/< f ^Sl&f ^

/S~W^ 4y 'to-LU ' _ fTLo^/Xe^ .

6tmd. xZ 7- <a~^. /**-? f>./zz.

1 19. T^e TP/itfe Bellied Swallow ( Iridojrocne bicolor). By S. Lock-
wood. With a note by E. C[oues], Ibid., XIV, p. 54, Jan. 1880.— Feed-
ing on bayberries. The Cotile rijaria observed feeding on bayberries by
Mr. Alhnson ( see No. 115) believed to be an erroneous identification
of I. bicolor . Amaf, Naturalist

154 - Bate Stay of Swallows. By F. C. Browne. Ibid., XV p 307 —

‘‘One or two thousand” White-bellied Swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor) \t
Clark s Island. Plymouth, Mass., Oct. 13, 1880. FOT. & BUmm

J S °' ^otesfromj/telter Island [JV. r.j By Moses B. Griffing.

S^etc.' Whlte - be " ied Swal,ow — Oct. 25 and one* Nov. .3’, O.

524 ■ Ornithological Notes. By Ernest D. WintTe. Ibid Hindoo

-t Pai ;° f White - beUied Swall °- *7 r 3 eggs; Catbirds la^ng’spo ted
eggs; ‘two species of Crow Blackbird in Canada,” but the supposed
occurrence of ^uiscalas major is doubtless erroneous, as stated by Everett

mi 1 ( b,d.. hi, p . 207). (See below, No. 526.) Pan- Sport, & Naturalist

We recently received a nest of the White-bellied
Swallow. It is thickly lined with pure white hen’s
feathers ; together with the four white eggs, the ap-
pearance is one of unusual delicacy.

O.&O. XIV, Jul. 1889 pill

Auk, XIL April, 1895, .&V- ' S J~ L/ :

Mortality among White-bellied Swallows in Florida. — During the
almost unprecedented cold snap which prevailed throughout I lorida in
the first half of February, an exceedingly large number of White-bellied
Swallows succumbed to the severity of the weather. These were either
directly killed by the sudden fall in temperature or were overcome by the
scarcity of insect food occasioned by the protracted cold. While I have
no information as to the condition of affairs in other parts of the State, it
seems reasonable to suppose that what was observed in this section
obtained elsewhere.

On February 13, while driving along the stage route between Lake
Worth and Biscayne Bay, numerous dead birds were noticed. At New
River, on the afternoon of the same day, when the cold was not especially
severe, although it had been so the previous night, many Swallows while
on the wing were seen to fall lifeless into the river. I learn that at Lemon
City for several days the boys amused themselves by dropping their hats
over benumbed or exhausted Swallows on the docks. On the morning of
February 15, seven dead birds were taken from under the seat of a
catboat where they had evidently sought shelter during the previous
afternoon and had perished in the night. The same day I noticed many
dead Swallows in the water and on the shores of Biscayne Bay adjacent to
this place. At Cocoanut Grove, about ten miles further south, many
birds were killed, over sixty dead Swallows being found one morning on
the roof of a piazza. Persons who visited the ocean shore, which is a
favorite resort for these birds, reported the beach as thickly bestrewn
with dead Swallows. At the house of refuge, located on the coast oppo-
site this place, over one hundred and fifty dead birds were counted one
day.

An examination of the alimentary tracts of some of the birds showed
an entire absence of food ; and to this cause, rather than the direct
influence of the cold, I am inclined to attribute the exceedingly great
mortality which ensued. — Hugh M. Smith, Lemon City , Dade Co .,
Florida.

Yol. XV]

1898 J

General Notes.

27I

Nesting Instincts of Swallows.- — X.s supplementing Mr. Brewster’s
record of the premature exhibition of the nest-building and procreative
instincts of Swallows (see Auk, XV, April, 1898, p. 194), I may add some
observations made on Tree Swallows ( Tachycmeta bicolor ), at Leonia,
N. J., during August and September, 1897. The extensive salt marshes
in which myriads of these birds roost in July, August, and September, are
here crossed by a road over which I passed almost daily and rarely with-
out seeing in the road, one or more flocks of Tree Swallows, varying in
size from eight or ten to several hundred birds. Without exception, as
far as I observed, and I studied them very closely at short range, these
birds were in the immature plumage of birds of the year. By far the
larger number seemed to have no special object in alighting in the road,
they did not move about as though searching for food, indeed for the
most part were practically motionless, but occasional^ a pair would
copulate, as described by Mr. Brewster, and more often a bird would pick

up a bit of dried grass and fly up into the air with it, or sometimes it was
carried fifty yards or more and dropped from the air; at others the bird
would carry it to the telegraph wires bordering the road and drop it after
perching a moment.

Additional evidence of inherited knowledge was apparently given by
many Tree Swallows which were often seen hovering about a pile driven
in a creek which traversed these meadows. I at first supposed these birds
to be feeding on insects which presumably had alighted on the pile, but
the number of birds, often a dozen or more were seen about the pile, and
the persistency with which they remained there, forced me to conclude
that in a wholly unreasoning way they were looking for a nesting site.
Frank M. Chapman, American Museum of Natural History, New T ork

C^f tfa.

Eastern Massachusetts.

k

WvX_

J,

sb<>faa/zsoa/

m

lo hfud

J

CU K*.

S^T.

Q^IaS.

&-.

lid. ~ *~l t l J~73ZS~ >

Jo * Wf. 5?Kl<. t- ll ,a !jv

CJ-- 7 r.
1 1 *

tv St , , &i- ^ fa fa fa m..ty r

•- ' A*A*-*-.

17 -. z*i£_3/Z inf. d I7 K ;IV U lf®.JL/klzt tt'kink 3o* . 3/<£> /jfo.

L *iy. X <SU. CJL. ' *«r-Cl. {. & ^ M.V-

3'^_ ms 2c i xi 1 n s inf. rs 7k /<£*-##*«-, J£2$.

fa fa; MV , ,

7±, / 6 -- ms is 1 ibjm

g. £. 6-lX e.p. ClL ®-*r_ 6 ^* tf.A < 5 .-*- £/?. <£/ < 7 • 4 >. e - ... & - ,

f— - II- Ji-- If-Jl**- 17-- a ASlf ,JC -/jnf. IS l. W K /al. 2oSll~. 1 7— Hsfo.

zf k \ /m d?! jm 2y (ws 0 /Souij tUic/OiL-tt n^ix u 3L!f- SJS^'lk * z? *ZM U f*u

3o'- m? !W(

Jl£SKtL<c<'». s ' | t

A iA'ibuili.f. Si. c^.-ft'ay tut * ■ 7 ~ ■ '/ •*-*

^■. /aft/- /T- - ^ -: zs-_3/ (& /jy/ r mmm 11 » /r- /r a ao**/'

3Z_*/Z.7l_9£.J/&. /I* 2 - /3 k JfSZ Jt'SMklo'Wk. £fn**u>£ .tXfl,

/L/om^JS' 00 - /9 1/s *l/$,l/**[l /f M .2e- 11 S 21 ® &ok /m.

?Tvf r 77 T zc» '- 4 ‘ 1m~€m w* fWt

f ^V-r/vVo

mi ,s 3 ? jb ft,

jkzkL/^m. (c- 7k X k /sk /(ok /t-m ? k 20 l - d/ k

-&<n^CA>^cdy

msz Tmjimmj

CyJo+*\!

iyjji Wmm M- /frp~ ms/w 7 zz s fWL ,

/ SPJ if L/ &6A ?'-f_/j^/3±/yX/(T®f£>-/7 " /*'-/?*&/ *M l - 1? l . 8/--&#**s4./m.

3*1 S' i. L .7 x - J* 3 1/J '£ /v l°/f tJtoii&k. 4m<m /3/J

u^r /- 3 i A" j 7 /- 4 ^^ /yfA

/V® /7 Uo IV® dk S - mu.

IkVt

/jtf

r ^ _ Sfifii&cid'. / 373

<u*

S'

CJ~

x 1 -

7 k

°1

^__ f.,i fih . .1 ,

if- zee 23 '^ a i •: j n - /^w /n^

Eastern Massachusetts.

(T^^CC AaaAx/
^ ' '-' v / _

fyu^K

/fezx^r^. . _ k AWi^ &X. Cx^AAxy' ^ ~MZ<. k.<^x/c <h^Xx^_

fivvr ■ Ocx^b- ^LX^Vl. . ^x'tAAxA- ZcZa. ^U&ZcJ k^AA^ AAuxA^A' ^C~c< —

~pz^ 6-k^o ** ^ caso ‘A-'-'-^i^-t , <//C«- wf /./, kzz

kJLY^tYi-eJ' Yr*~ - £v yx-fA ycjzW 7^ Jj \.-<rio-~A. <xA ^LyCc^ ct'YytZ&j

/h-y.y. L t ~fa*-***\ lx-.-) vo-< 7-<^ZL~A, ch-^_ . Yla--.--i o • 7 A-*’> x~A<A, c J. dCc,

<2vi sfrA/C b ' v / w (7 m/-CL'>- t i. Yxx, C ( \^ C ■■{ & Cl y r//\A-~^7 1 ' ■ ■'•’ ‘ ' ^ ^ / tsCo-A- %_,

Lty-^YOtk v ("<-« 7 - ^/^/ /-vil t/'Z**. '.^Y./sl-r ~Yta AACZA^.yt ^ - * ■■ -* ’■(__

<=c a-on^yC aJT - x^v^c<l &iyY^<ZL. £^a ^v-^-Ax.:

7 m /iJ »~>. l.\/\,Ay\ > ’’.y S^£«SL ^xyxA-^y /^ACxs? , y r- . . yXA y--A^j YaA^

. „ . l\AA^X-

7 C <- t / MAV^ y ’

kr ^

yy^^—y c^A^,

ZZT^ ^

/ '

^ ZT

Isxra^-O CxA'<J-x t-'f

0Z, ^A-

/ tthAy yA

fc

iy- <. vc 7 tiV 1 1 Lit ft

irf ~kZx d-o-As^k. 'PlxA^.

tlA^jiy^t-CXA^A^ A.1.1-#/ CiTcj-^Y 7/ tW^Y ch?^ ^Vt bx-uZ t-CxAx.

t^tA^ 77 1 \A Cx vAffiAeAAZ e: Y f l f x ‘-xZ3Z- .j cZxK^/^L^yS <yZZ/ CA-^y^csZZx*,

>ty$ ^t) ^x//vaaa .

$Cv (flexile ixAOxytt*^: tr^ly W 77 C4 4w tJx.A.Ml'- 'ihr^A~

jh Ayf <^. lAj-Yr-L- ^CT l/^l n~xA — y^-x^cZ 'U-tSZ

fo- ? .> ,.-^v- v/ y -c 7 v -v v'j -

■/i^i - 35 - .

A

tv^-

t-i^v^ix^^vxA^^ A^SkkZZzi, Az^Cksy,

4 /? ^77 . 4 ^Ls^Ak. . /

c VVwvv

‘X^'Xs^J Q'l^Q

t; tzz

^y/ ^ C// 1 a/x> *4.j//Cfy-KsO-Tf , IFZks*-

aJc

I'V'sC'^v fV~is\U^+~ dsV~-\ASY _ edb^-iXJT'

7

T^^-vhvt//

^^TiT-kj../^ c+-s//^skk2 ma? t^slU

L ^l>-x ^6 aV^| ^Ikkky

#c ( 1 a*a>v/ Ca^Ma-^ Ct 7 «

VC^l- A-

ktkZk^LSJ Akz. 7 *

/ . y

^ ^A-x.^ZAf xsj

r

y

C4y»7^t

/ 7 ',

,/r

^rA/^xA^v— »

Copied from Journal.

* ^ aZzzzp ^/£<2X>r / ' y'jfy-fyty&y ss^^S^-pS'

^z'z&wZ' ppzs^/s^p^S' ytzzy
p ' /Z4> j^ 7%^ S&^.

l'/i. #>S S cVcl'l tltdO o v& >

i®m.

s£pfaa&&z'

' // %AziZ /TfZ /yZ/Z& Z^^ZZ s^fzztzf' S

j/sS^s^fz sf y/yZzyy^ ZZ'zS /ZyZZvZZ

/&***ftS zzzf

s^Z/^ y£&£*7 a> /fyfZTfyZZ yS

Z^yZyy'-' ^ZZZ yi&ZZZy&Z&Z' zZzZd y^/Z&Z/j' .
7^/^Zf/^ 7%Z6 Z&ZZ&S yZz/&7vZ ZZ/Z^ZZi^ szsf' SZ'/z7?Z/fyZf

V'fr ZZZ

y^Z y^ZyZZZZy

Copied i’roni Join'll?.

Ci. fli-iyiu l iuf o utf? .

8$S««
/

/?£> ' ^

i sz Jty&r- /? dzy^?<^zji3 aA^i/js

/£, /A-^' , A// s/s<A Zi'tp/

fz&zfr ^ tpdk

A%ku> /2-Z6 ?SSs&A^O*y

^-t WCM^A s&tiuu ./aw fPuW M-^-^ /A s&Lc ^/fy-y

/Z4£ Jttxz/&740 4 >z 4£A%£ ^A^zr^/

<2pc*6 /z /bis a ^ry£t & 7Z?*16 JLy4£ '

a/r*6 a,

Birds Of Upper St, John
Batetieldw.

34 . Cotile riparia {Linn.) Boic. Bank Swallow— Co

Bali. N. 0. 0, 7 , April, 1882, p. 110

, — Common.

176 . Cotile riparia— Shot at Godbout, June 8 , 1885 .

t? r f *7. £

Auk, 2, July, 1886. p. *3 / 3 .

Summer Bds. Restigouche Valley N.B
July, *88. J. Brittain and P.Cox, Jr.

Clivicola riparia. Bank Swallow. — A small colony at the the mouth
of the Kedgwick.

Auk, VI. April, 1880 . p .118

- 47- Cli-vicola riparia. Bank Swallow. — Tolerably common, breed-
ing on Grindstone..

Auk, VI. April, 1880. p. 148

D\vi£bi, Bummer Birds of
Prince Edward Island,

Clivicola riparia. Bank Swallow— I perhaps do this species an in
justice when I say that it is outnumbered by the Savanna Sparrow anc

for nesting places.

Auk X, Jan, 1893. p.12

Froe. Xiiaaaaaa SC'O of N. Y, 88-89

Dr. C. Slover Allen instanced the death of many Bank Swallows ( Cliv -
icola riparia) after a three days’ storm at Grand Menan.

'^1

j

229. Riparia riparia. Bank Swallow. — Regular summer resident,
common April 19 to September 13; earliest record April 4, 1890, latest
October 9, 1886; breeds (June 2, 1892).

lint Penobscot Bay, Maine.

TvwX'j J) OJjcp A. i - ^a-u_ C-^J* {*^Sy — * <rv ~ t ^

o^r^r^j ~WC-sVl A^-jj — < JA . J Ao^J <K/^ Cw/vo <3v v\Arty <-* — ■> <?c

6L ^N/V-~<r*-'^ t/| 6{A-vi ^-S-***^ .

>» Jo t f\+As*~jjX <"* (s^yLjU ^£yv~-y o^-^X <Tws. ^

/i ' U^-j JC ^ ^LjU^y ^tn-y ~~ V ^ 7 V ^ ^ (?,W ^ t *]

V cty, j~SC

U\>-*Ai< *

yJxxAAJ^^-^^ ^-A^sr-X^

*/. ?c ?U)

SummerResidents on South-west
CSoa3fc of Maine. S’. H, Montgomery, Jr,

616. Bank Swallow. Shot an adult $ , and
saw two others at Bobson’s Island.

OjmdO, 15a N 6 v, 1800. p,lQ2

Rye Beach., N*H.1867.

/

/

.a*—

Rye Beach, N.H. 1868.

Rye Beach, N.H. 1871.

CtyWL^ wLca^ . _ Rye Beach, N.H. 187?.

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H. June li-21
'80, and June4-Aug. 1, ’87. W. Faxon

49- Clivicola riparia. Bank Swallow— C ommon.

Auk, V. April, 1888, p.152

Bds. Obs. at Franconia and Bethlehem
N.H. July- August, 1874. J, A. Alien

33. Clivicola riparia. Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.154

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

/V

1895.

^ £-t>

Cl ivicola ripar ia.
Peterborough, Hew Hampshire.

1398.
July 5
to

Aug . 1 5

Five or six fresh-looking nesting holes in a sandbank

near the village but no birds met 'with. Deane saw a few at

Jaffrey.

Bummer Bds.Mt. Mansfield, Vfc. by Arthur H, Howell.

50 . * Clivicola riparia. Bank Swallow. — Common.

’Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, P.343.

fo

£3, . _ j£Z?, C B- Mass. 1885.

c

im

frZcjb--

iX

jL***

*r

<^nZ2ZT ^ J ^ __

i (/U^JC ^-Vfc vtZthvU-f ^ ^C_<Z ^7" ZZCC

^ _ £^y ^>1 A^7 L+yAjLA^ 7yy<A. »^a3ZZ^. ^ <rf/'.A */

... ' . _ 7&r- / ^ ’ ^5

</ J^tZT <^V /7

~c

^IZZ

tfZjtXLs

& ^Zc

/A^- ^7

^*^v) ^c^Vj

(pC<Aj\sC-QtHS

/m

- z

Oy.^L^~Ar^' Z'\ t

S 1

/h^zj.

U @ JZLc

Connecticut, June, 1893,

CjsKjKAJrit*

^Av-V /V -

I $U-i fc ~/(

CJd^J

A v—. -5 ? A

o>-Wy A'

, — ■ ,y>-wv*<>V

<kA~w/ >-*AXI - v '~ 0

(r, *. -Xiw^L ^7 ^ f«y ;

J ^ui "wn ^

■ ' Tfo WW/ kaj*J*4*A4

<yJL OXL ^ Xfc I ^ Uyjydd 4A~v .

£I>. toM-tX fa+iUJy <uUm ^

*7 nu - *'«^**- f*y~1

/ $£v\ -J-AJ' ■sS'lti ^d*.

** A ~ fc /^T

P^ K-y £K/0* <ap1WL b^—~

Av . Xi ^ * t A* tfvwL a A/A
^ r A ^£_! V /' J ' .'■

^vOe v> <W^ «A CUwt y+A 'U ■— ■

Vwh"

&#

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.H.Merxiam.

52. Cotile riparia {Linn.) Boie. Bank Swallow.— Breeds. Not un
common in places.

BttU.N.O.0, 9, Oct, 1881, P. 229

Bds. Obs. at Little and Greal Gull Is-
lands, N.Y. Aug. '88 B.H.Dutcher,

19. Clivicola riparia. Bank Swallow. — Although no birds of this
species were seen, Chas. B. Field said that they had bred abundantly on
Great Gull earlier in the season, — a statement that was well verified by the
large number of holes in the sand banks that overlooked the shores of the
island. Mr. Field also said that about as soon as the Swallows had dug
out their homes, some folks, who should have been better employed, came
over from Connecticut and amused themselves by digging out the holes
that the Swallows had made, thus compelling the birds to excavate new
ones.

Amk. YL April, 1889. p. /J0.

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster.

46. Cotyle riparia.

First plumage: male. Upper parts brown, each feather edged with
ferruginous, this edging broadest on the rump and secondaries, narrowest
on the crown and nape. Beneath like the adult, but with the pectoral band
strongly washed with ferruginous, and the throat thickly spotted with the
same color. In my collection, from Rye Beach, N. H., August 24, 1872.
Autumnal specimens have the secondaries tipped with white, but not so
broadly as in Tachycineta bicolor.

Bull. N.O.O, 3. April, 1878. p, £>V.

Albinos.

lfV W. OTTO EMERSON, HAYWARDS, CAE.

One of the most interesting freaks of nature,
if we can so call it, is the Albinoism in quadru-
ped or bird, in some cases very beautiful. A
number of specimens have come under my ob-
servation in the Fauna of California bird life,
and I will try and give the O. &. O. readers
full benefit of them.

Bank Swallow (Clivicola riparia) . This Al-
bino Swallow was first seen by a friend of
mine, flying with a number of others, near
their nesting site, the rough face of a high
gravelly hill, that had been washed down for
years by the process of hydraulicing for gold,
near Placerviile (known as Hangtown in early
days), El Dorado County, 1873. On the third
day it was seen, the swallows commenced an at-
tack on their white mate, and did not stop until
they had killed it, its white coat standing it as
no truce of peace. The gentleman saw it drop af-
ter the hard struggle for life, picked it up and
brought it into town, as a great chriosity, and
so it proved. I had a good chance to examine
the swallow, which proved to have been a
young bird, well feathered, and of a dull ashy
or rusty white color all over.

(QtHd.jhi- />•

Albmiem and Melanism in North
American Birds. Suthven Deane.

3 -a

yj* t

c.

npama ,

Ball N.O.O. l a April. 1876, p,2l

/^2 -tr6e~<)

<r>i

Cotile riparia. Sand Swallow— While examining some Sand Swal-
low’s burrows on Cranberry Islands, this summer, three were found con-
taining two nests each, each nest having in it fresh eggs. The finding of
two nests with eggs in the same burrow struck me as somewhat remark-
able and I thought it was perhaps worthy of notice— Harry Merrill
Bangor , Maine.

Bull. N. O.O, <J,Octj 1881, p.

Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F. H. 0.

41. Cotile riparia, (Bank Swallow.) In the side
of the gravel cuts on the Sandy River and Frank-
lin and Megantic narrow gauge railroads I noticed
many holes made by this bird. The last named !
railroad was constructed in 1885, and in August,
188G, when riding over it I noticed the sand banks
left by excavation of earth for the track, were
punctured with the holes of this species. The
Rank Swallow is evidently on the increase in
this section.

O.&O. SI. Oct. 1886. p, 14 Q

Bank Swallow, (Ootile riparia ). Abundant
Summer resident. Arrives from May 5 to 10.
Breeds, often in large colonies along the streams,
where they make an excavation, two or three feet
horizontally into the sandy bank. A few dry
grasses and feathers constitute the nest. This
species is often seen with the two preceding, but
does not, like them, seek the company of man.

7a

O .& O . X. May. 1385 . p.?/

| Birds Tioga Op, N.Y. Aide* Loring,

157. Bank Swallow. Common. Excavates
! a hole in a sand bank after the manner of the
Kingfisher, and builds its nest at the end of it.

! Its food consists of insects, of which it destroys
great numbers.

XV, Jtoe.18 90, p.82

Peculiar Nesting-Site of the Bank-Swallow. — Dr. Rufus Ham-
mond, of Brookville, Indiana, writes, under date of June 5, 1876 : “Two
weeks ago I saw a Bank-Swallow building its nest in the east end of a
frame paper-mill, about seventy yards from the depot, in whifch was placed
the nest of which I have already informed you [see “ American Natur-
ralist,” Yol. X, p. 373, June, 1876], A weather-board had become de-
tached from the building, leaving a small opening, in which I watched for
two days a Bank-Swallow building a nest. Soon after the mill caught
fire and was burned, of course destroying the nest and its contents. I
have no doubt these birds will ultimately change their habits so far as to
build their nests in any convenient place, especially in pudlock holes left
open in brick buildings.” I should, however, add that Mr. Ridgway
(“American Naturalist,” Yol. X, p. 493, Aug., 1876) questions whether the
birds observed were not the Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx ser-
ripennis), which nests as Dr. Hammond describes. — Elliott Coues.
Bull. N.Q.Q, I, Nov, 1870. p, .

May 23, 1881. I went to a well-known |
breeding place after a few sets of Bank
Swallow’s eggs. As I neared the place in
a small sailboat, I thought it very curious
that I saw no swallows flying about the
bluffs as they usually do ; but on landing
and beginning to dig, I soon saw the
reason. The previous two weeks of con-
tinual rainy weather had totally extermina-
ted the entire colony. Most of the
burrows contained from three to eight,
and from one burrow I removed ten dead
swallows and two eggs, one of which is a
trifle larger than usual, while the other is
smaller than a Ruby-throated Humming
Bird’s.— IF. IF Worthington.

O.&O, Vll.JuI. 1882. p, /^4/

w i r /if / 7 fw/. n e /a y, y J C

j Sand Martins Nesting in a Stone Wall. — A short time ago I
• wrote to you saying I had found Starlings occupying Sand Martins’ holes
in a quarry. Since then, in July, I was surprised to find a brood of young
Sand Martins in a hole in a stone wall. I watched the old birds for some
time, as I felt sure there was a nest close by, but did not know where to
look for it. Soon one of them flew into a dense mass of ivy on a wall, and
shortly reappeared. Pushing aside the ivy, I found the nest. This is a strange
case of retaliation on the part of the Martins. — 0. M. Prior (Bedford).

Sand Swallows {Rif ana r if aria) Nesting in Sawdust. — In the sum-
mer of 1902, while I was in Franconia, N. H., Mrs. Annie Trumbull
Slosson jointed out to me a pile of sawdust, on the perpendicular face of
which, earlier in the season, she had noticed what seemed to be entrances
to Sand Swallow nests. The pile is constantly being shovelled away,
and at the time of my visit no holes were visible.

This year (1903) Mrs. Slosson wrote me, under date of June 18, that
she had been out to the place (on the Easton road) two days oefore, and
seeing a hole in the vertical (newly dug down) side of the sawdust heap,
had taken pains to investigate the matter.

“We sat in the carriage,” she wrote, and watched the hole, and soon
saw a swallow enter it and, immediately after, another. They came out,
flew away, and returned, entering the hole again. Each time they went
in little clouds of sawdust puffed out like smoke. I got out of the
carriage and wdnt up the mound to the hole. I put my hand and arm in
as far as I could, but it was not far enough to reach eggs or young, and I
was afraid of the mound’s coming down upon me. After I returned to
the carriage the birds came back, but were very shy of going into the
disturbed hole, making several starts, vibrating their wings, then flying
away. But in a few minutes they gained courage and again entered the
hole. I think there is not the slightest doubt that it is their home. I
could find no other hole, but have little question there were others which
had been wrecked by the workmen, who had been digging down that side
of the pile.”

Some days later she wrote : “On Saturday we drove again by the saw-
dust heap. There were full twenty holes, and apparently all were occu-
pied ; swallows flying in and out all the time, a regular colony, just as
you see them in a sand-bank. Poor simple creatures, I fear an earth-
quake — or dustquake — has even now destroyed their work.”

I begged her to make absolutely sure of the species, if she had not
already done so, though really there could be no reasonable doubt upon
that point, and on June 25 she replied : “Well, the species is all right.
I verified things yesterday. We went out to the mill, and I went up the
steep, sliding mass to the holes, 1 where the swallows dustward fly.’
About half a dozen of the holes had disappeared, but there were fourteen
left. The birds, came about me, and I easily identified them as Bank
Swallows, with white throat and a dark band across the breast.”

Whether the breeding of Sand Martins in sawdust heaps has ever been
recorded I do not know, but the occurrence seems to me of considerable
interest, especially because the Sand Martin is the one member of its
family, as seen in eastern North America, that I had supposed never to
have altered its manner of life as a result of what we call civilization. —

Bradford Torrey, Wellesley Hills, Mass.

AU&, XX, Oct., 1903, p^ 3b

Mortality among Bank Swallows. — Upon reading the article in ■ The

Auk’ for October, 1889, on the ‘Mortality among Eave Swallows’ by Dr.
F. H. Kimball, a similar instance was recalled to my mind of my experi-

ence with the Bank Swallows ( Clivicola rifaria) in this locality.

By referring to my note-book I find that June 3, 1888, I made a trip to

a place where hundreds of these birds breed every year. I saw no birds

about the holes, and at once concluded that they had not bred there that

year, but as the holes seemed to have been excavated recently, 1 examined
them, and found dead birds in nearly every hole that I dug into. Some

of the birds were quite fresh, while others had the appearance of having

been dead a long time. These birds were not in very good condition, but
were far from being poor and emaciated. Almost all of the holes con-
tained nests, but very few had eggs in them, and two were the most found
in any one nest. As to the cause of their destruction I am wholly per-

plexed, as the weather at that time was mild, although there was a little

more rain than usual.— Willard E. Treat, East Hartford , Conn.

Auk, Vll. Jan. 1890. p. %.

On May 21st, while examining Bank
Swallows’ nests in the rain I found twelve
Swallows in one hole. Two flew out and I had
to pull the others out. 1 never heard of any-
thing of the kind before. Is it unusual ?

Arthur M. Farmer.

Amoskeag, N. H.

O.& o VoJ.17, July, 1892 P. 104

Notes from Danbury, Conn.

A. E. Betts writes that “George Dick-
erman of this place found a nest of the
Barn Swallow on September 3, with five
eggs slightly incubated.” Unfortunately
they were accidentally broken.

O.& O Vol.17, Nov. 1892 p.172

ytind a note on change of habits in the

k Swallow (p. 373), by Dr. Couesy^ >mer> ifa^nralifita Yd, IQ* <•

210. Odd Nesting Places. By Col. Culver. Ibid., XVIII, No. 16, p.

AH '

/

/f

■, 'A

a ^t^xAA^y /^tooo^

toti^ ^ d/L*^s*-S^ <-^A

^K^/U. C^aZ^^-<^ ~Z^CT ^<r~^<-^ &-£y f

A / lf~*-4 A^ll. AV 6 (>o^ ^m/

fthZ^ W^uy fio-vtt. Al /-A^xS^ A^e<^y, jA£^ 2Z^\ e^ y/*
<Ct> t^C* ^yA X^V-a Ava

/ A •“

ff

Clivicola versus Riparia. — In ‘The Auk ’ for July, 1898, pages 271-272,
Dr, Coues draws attention to the fact that the generic name Riparia Fors-
ter (Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 17) has page priority over the current
Clivicola. Forster {ibid., p. 55) ; at the same time expressing his preference
for the adoption of the former. The A. O. U. Committee, however, refused
to accept Riparia on the ground that Clivicola was used by the ‘ first
reviser.’ These two names are founded upon the same species and are
both unaccompanied by diagnoses, so that there can be no question of
their equal pertinency. Canon XVIII of the A. O. U. Code, which
treats of generic terms published simultaneously, makes no definite pro-
vision for just this kind of a case; but in the preceding canon, with
regard to specific names, the following occurs: “Of names of undoubt-
edly equal pertinency, and founded upon the same condition of sex, age,
or season, that is to be preferred which stands first in the book.”
Therefore, unless we are to have on this point arbitrarily different
rules for species and genera, a procedure apparently both unnecessary
and undesirable, Clivicola must give way to Riparia. That the above
quoted principle of page priority was intended to apply to genera as
well as to species is evidenced by rulings of the Committee; as witness
Guara, instead of Leucibis, which was adopted by the ‘first reviser’
— a perfectly parallel case.

While recourse to the decision of the ‘ first reviser ’ is often attended
by more or less uncertainty, arising from the possibility of overlooking
some obscure publication, the great advantage in the strict application
of the principle of anteriority, as priority of pagination or sequence in
the same book may be called, is that it furnishes means for a definite and
final decision, thereby contributing to hasten on the millennium of zoolog-
ical nomenclature — stability of names. — Harry C. Oberholser, Wash-
ington, D. C. A,ak, XVI. July, 1899, p. 2.81,

21 . [ Hibernation of Swallows.'] Ibid., pp. 35 , 36 . — Communication by
Robert R. McLeod covering statements by John F. Goss and A. S. Free-
man regarding the discovery of Bank Swallows hibernating in mud and
in a hollow tree. Field &Foj?» Voi.8 tk

Swallows [ Cotile riparia~\ Feeding on Bayberries. By James Allin-
Ibid., XIII, p. 706. Nov. 1879. ( See below, No. 117.) 4m a>. ’Vn.fcnrn.Hsit

Xi}*\cL> cWfff-unvtu Ca-v+a.cA<K.
ih-A^l lit ^^iaacA ,

t ^ <}»*., noj, /«. pa,

230. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow. — Prob-
ably a rare summer resident; a male was taken May 16, 1900, and on June
12, 1906, I found a pair building in an old kingfisher’s tunnel and took the
female.

A New Hampshire Record for Stelgidopteryx serripennis.— The pair
of Rough-winged Swallows mentioned above have often been observe
to fly across the Connecticut river into New Hampshire territory at Han-
over. According to Mr. G. M. Allen’s ‘Birds of New Hampshire, this
is the first record of Rough-winged Swallows in the State — Francis G.
Blake, Hanover, N . H. 3C20V , ■£-■ *.> ISO > V - i oC (

The Nesting of Stelgidopteryx serripennis in Norwich, Vt. — May

6, 1905, I was walking along the bank of the Connecticut River in Nor-
wich, Vt., when two swallows, perched on a dead limb over the water,
attracted my notice. A near view at once made their identification as
Rough-winged Swallows certain.^ On a visit to the same place the fol-
lowing day, I found the swallows still about, and in hopes of obtaining a
breeding record I began to search for a nest.

On May 12 I was rewarded by seeing the pair of swallows flying back
and forth to a clay bank beside the road. There, about twenty feet up,
was a hole into which the birds were carrying grass and leaves for lining
material. The tunnel, measuring 20 inches in length, slanted slightly
upward, and contained a nest at the further end. The hole was notice-
ably larger in diameter than those of a colony of Bank Swallows in a bank
near by.

My observation of their nesting was interrupted more or less by other
work and so is not as complete as I wish. During the last two weeks of
May the swallows were busy incubating, both taking turns at sitting on
the eggs. In early June the young were hatched and both birds took care
of the young. Unfortunately I had to leave before the young birds were
able to fly.

April 29, 1906, I found the pair of Rough-winged Swallows again flying
back and forth over the river. They returned to the old nest, which they
cleaned out and relined, and again used to rear their young. Their return
to the old nest leads me to feel quite sure that they have used the nest for
a number of years, and I shall look for them again next spring.

That a pair of Rough-winged Swallows have chosen this spot to breed
in, seems of unusual interest to me, because in a heavy hemlock woods
not more than one hundred yards distant, Winter Wrens, Red-breasted
Nuthatches, and a pair of Northern Pileated Woodpeckers breed. — •
Francis G. Blake, Hanover, N . H.

Aak, XXIV, J~EU , 190';', ?.<<></,

1

. <~g ^ X-< ^vi //«

, -^^r /r - « <*» » . », /, «

* /- ^ «*-.» V ^’*« - 4

V^

/f2Ai -C

>?*

V

Vir

^^JVvy

A »-

2<

- Z

$r-'< 9 ^r*- ZZ^t * *g

^cZ' "ZSJZ

A( ’^*- ’ ^ 7 /^Y -C —

^i-<Zc /[ f v^f * ^- ,

A jt-fs ^ /

/3

/l

7r

«^«o /^/ .

Auk, XII, Oct. ,1895, Jff- 3 JZ,

The Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx serripennis ) breeding in
North Adams, Berkshire Co., Mass. — Several years ago I noticed a pair
of birds that resembled Bank Swallows flying about a limestone cliff in
North Adams. The nature of the place led me to suspect these birds
were Rough-winged Swallows, but I was unable to pursue the subject
further that summer. This year, on the 28th of June, I found two Swal-
lows skimming over the surface of a small sheet of water near the above-
mentioned cliff and quickly satisfied myself, with the aid of opera-glasses,
that they were Rough-wings. It soon appeared that they were engaged
in feeding their young, which were enscounced within a narrow, inaces-
sible crevice near the summit of the neighboring cliff, about fifty feet
from its base. The old birds would pass entirely out of sight within the
crevice ; the young were invisible. But on the morning of July 2, when
I again visited the place, four or five young birds nearly ready to fly were
sitting in a row at the mouth of the crevice, while their parents, resting
from their labors, basked in the warm morning sun or otherwise disported
themselves after the fashion of their tribe. I shot the male, July 2 ; the
young left the nest, July 3.

The Rough-winged Swallow has never before been known to breed in
Massachusetts. Indeed, the only previous notice of its occurrence in the
State relates to a single specimen killed in Easthampton by W. S. Clark
in May, 1851, as recorded by H. L. Clark in ‘The Birds of Amherst and
Vicinity,’ 1887, p. 49. A single specimen was captured in Suffield, Conn.,
June 6, 1874 (Bull. Nuttall Ornithol. Club, II, 1877, 21) and another in
East Hartford, Conn., in June, 1885 (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., I, 1886,
267). It is known to breed in southwestern Connecticut near Bridge-
port (B. N. O. C., IV, 1879, 1 19) and Stamford (Auk, XII, 1895, 86),
near the eastern end of Long Island at Shelter Island (Auk, X, 1893,
369), and in the lower part of the Hudson River Valley as far north as
West Point, N. Y. (B. N. O. C., Ill, 1876, 46). The North Adams locality
is only about three miles from the southern boundary of Vermont. — •
Walter Faxon, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

The Rough-winged Swallow and Duck Hawk near Springfield, Mass.

— Stelgidopteryx serripennis. A Rough-winged Swallow was captured
by William Dearden in Longmeadow, near Springfield, May 17, 1906.
There is no previous record of the occurrence of an individual of this species
in the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts since 1851.

( ZVL (j) , }W0'

Co^M f y '-Y-tt 1 , < ( ( 7 0 ^ > jp- _

The Rough-winged Swallow ■(, Stelgidopteryx serripennis) Breeding
near Springfield, Mass. — In the July number of ‘The Auk,’ I reported the
capture of a Rough-winged Swallow at Longmeadow near Springfield.
Afterwards, not far from the place where this one was taken, three more
were observed, and a pair of these were found to be breeding. The site
of the nest was located in a ravine two hundred feet long, washed out a
few years ago from a bluff twenty feet above the flood plain of the Con-
necticut River. This pair were successful in raising their young. I
noticed that they flew low and did not pause in their flight, as do the Bam
Swallows; they often came to feed their young through the woods adja-
cent to a portion of the ravine, flying not more than ten feet from the

ground. — Robert 0. Morris, Springfield, Mass. , _

.7 6,3.

Breeding of the Rough-winged Swallow in Berkshire County, Mas-
sachusetts. — On July 3, 1906, as I was waiting for a train at the railroad
station in Glendale, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, I saw a pair of
Rough-winged Swallows flying back and forth over the Housatonic River.
Skimming just above the surface of the rapidly flowing water they passed
and repassed the station very many times, giving me excellent opportuni-
ties for making out their characteristic coloring and markings. Once
they alighted on a large, flat-topped boulder at the water’s edge where
they moved about by a succession of short, quick runs, reminding me of
Semipalmated Plover feeding on a sand beach. I have never before seen
swallows of any kind move so quickly by the aid of their feet alone. After
drinking at a pool of rain water which had collected in a hollow in the rock,
these birds took wing again and resumed their regular, coursing flights.
They frequently passed under a bridge by which the road from the vil-
lage to the station crosses the river, and twice they turned sharply
upwards and disappeared for a moment among its supporting rafters,
which were twenty-five or thirty feet above the water. Suspecting that
they might have a nest there I went out on the bridge, but I could not
well see under it. On a telephone wire stretched across the river near the
bridge I found, however, three young Rough-winged Swallows, fully grown
and feathered, clamoring loudly for food, which their parents brought to
them every few minutes. I had a fine view of these young birds, for they
were perched in full sunlight within ten or twelve yards of me. Probably
there were one or two others of the brood under the bridge, but of this I
could not make sure. Two of those on the wire sat facing me, showing
very distinctly the rich, reddish brown or fulvous markings on the throat
and upper part of the breast, which are so characteristic of the young of
Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Their plumage was wholly free from down,
and their wings and tails appeared to be of full length. They must have
been out of the nest for a week or more, but I consider it probable that
they were hatched and reared in the immediate neighborhood. Although
from the first I had entertained no doubts as to the identity of the old
birds, I was glad of the opportunity here afforded for directly comparing
them with a number of Bank Swallows which were flying about over the
river just above the bridge. Whenever the two species came together
it was easy to distinguish them, almost at a glance, for the Rough-wings
looked a third larger and very much browner than the Bank Swallows,
and they showed no traces of the dark pectoral band so conspicuous in the

latter birds. — .William Brewster. Cambridge, Mass.

Auk, 2€, Apr., 1907, p.

The Rough-winged Swallow breeding in Connecticut, and other
Notes. — On June 17, 1900, I secured a male Rough-winged Swallow
(1 Stelgidopteryx serripennis) which was flying about a little brackish pond
by the Thames River, near Gales Ferry. Later, on June 23, I found in
a neighboring railroad embankment two nests of this species. Both
were dug into the bank about an arm’s length and just under the over-
hanging sods and roots. One of the nests, which I examined carefully,
contained five pin-feather covered young. The parents were seen cir-
cling nervously about, all four being present, which led me to believe
another nest must be in the vicinity, which I failed to discover.

'7-*e4e*' 7 Ivvc-id .

Auk, XVII, Oct., 1900, p . 3 8 f,

Some Birds of Rare or Accidental Oc-
currence in New England. H- A. Pur die

7. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough- winged Swallow. — A
female of this species was shot at Suffield, Conn., by Mr. Shores, June 6,
1874. At last this bird has been taken within our limits. It will be
interesting to determine whether it proves to be in future a regular visitant
to New' England.

Bull. N, O.O, 2, Jan. , 1877. p, 21

Rough- winged Swallow in Connecticut. — Although not given
by Samuels as a bird of New England, and classed as “ a rare summer
visitant” by C. H. Merriam in his “Birds of Connecticut,” the Rough-
winged Swallow breeds regularly in this State. It has nested for the
past three seasons in the old stone abutments at a road-crossing over the
New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad, within eight or ten rods of
the depot at Green’s Farms, twenty-six miles west of New Haven. Half
a dozen pairs nested there last season, and perhaps more ; but, judging
from the number seen, I should say there were fewer than during the
season of 1877. I have been unable to account for the fact that more
than thirty trains could pass within six or eight feet of their nests each
day, and not drive them away or apparently disturb them in the least. — _

J. A. Stannis, Hartford, Conn. BuLL N.O.O. 4, April, 1879, p, //“

Connecticut, Juse, 1883,

AA

3 f-.jf /I t

^ , ' v ar

y J ,-vww GV. -^-JT

'Ht-CZZT &) He

Its) ■ fas-jy

^ ^ c4jrh ~

j^jJ ZZ ' &L. ty. ‘3^ 'usft^L

tXfS. ' , fht

7^ Aa k ■/ y <■■{. VVvvm^

'Zz fi+sMc '

J C+\A rtxcLXki ~£T\J. pwX. fiTy/. < f.y

f < 4 ^ t-vT” % /wyA

/>c,v.4r ikwat

Wv

*jt y

/ ; c

' sf

tWw*

p * f

J . ' >

fSJT’ 7

/tCAAlJ , 'Wf'Vw <3-^

TCLi /Amc-

x. v

»x

7

Lrvfj.7 lAfXtf, ^Vv

, «<* *-‘c

titk- CrttbX* USl wWi - ; , , , ’ ' •.

7

A. ^ — H.

tfc_ ' 6-IaUL, — . y • , , . ,

Y> , ui. . !>( « /'I ' _r

^ C^uwf — ' —

General Notes.

Connecticut Notes. - Lewis H. Porter.

During the spring of 1894 the writer took two sets of the eggs of the
Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx serripennis ) ; one of six eggs on
May 26, and one of five on June 9. — Lewis H. Porter, Sta?nford, Conn.

Auk XII. Jan. 1895 p. 86

Connecticut Bird Notes. — This spring (1901) Mr. J. B. Canfield of
Bridgeport, Conn., reports that three pairs of Rough-winged Swallows
(Stelgido-pteryx serritennis ) nested in this vicinity. Judge John N. Clark,
of Saybrook, notes another pair in that locality; and while en route on his
trip to New Hampshire he noted a pair at White River Junction. Mr.
R. Heber Howe, Jr., reports a pair at Gales Ferry. Mr. Calvin Rawson
(‘J- M. W.’) of Norwich, Conn., also reports two pairs of Rough-wings,
one nesting under the Laurel Hill bridge, and the other in the new coal
pocket.

I wish to record the nesting of three pairs of Rough-winged Swallows,
one pair at Millstone Point, a short distance south of New London, first
noticed May 12; a pair in Groton, opposite New London, June 10; and a
pair still further east in Poquonnoc, also on June 10, about ten miles from
the Rhode Island border.

Rough-winged Swallows are evidently extending their breeding range
farther and farther eastward, and are more numerous than generally sup-
posed, and the A. O. U. Check-List should include Connecticut as within
its breeding range. This is the verdict of Judge John N. Clark of Saybrook,
Conn., one of our most careful observers, with long years of experience in

ornithological field work.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902 , P ■ 9J-

LZ~. y /3+,*c> ^

5. Stelgidopteryx serripennis, (Audubon) Baird. I have found this
Swallow on but one occasion, in May, 1872, when a single pair nested in
this neighborhood, in a bank close to a stable, beside a pond. I watched
this pair while they constructed their nest, during which time they were
often seen to alight close together, on a board-fence from which they de-
scended after the rough materials of which the nest was composed, — hay
and feathers. Late in May I captured the female sitting upon four fresh
eggs. I had no difficulty in doing this, for the hole was quite large, and
not very deep, so that, by baring my arm, I could easily introduce it to
the back of the hole. These eggs are pure white, and one of them meas-
ures .80X.53 of an inch.

wa. 9 /A^ //Lw

Bull, NiO>Q* o « %J an, j 18 { 8 , p.

S ' 7 /A * ‘£> *»*

V

if*. /? /(!? ,

Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow. — This spe-
cies is a regular summer visitor, arriving about the last week in April,
and though no't uncommon in the spring, but few remain to breed. By
the first week in August, however, the species again appears, apparently
on its southern migration, and becomes much more abundant than in the
spring. On August 5, last, I noticed numbers of these birds in flocks
of from ten to thirty individuals lining the fdnces along the roadside and
outnumbering any of the other species with which they were associating.
After September 9 none were observed. The greater abundance of
this species in spring and late summer than in the intermediate season
would seem to indicate a more northern range, and this, taken in connec-
tion with the proximity to the Connecticut State line, and the fact that the
course of migration at this point tends towards the northeast, would ap-
pear to render their regular occurrence there almost assured.

Bull. N.O.O. 3, July, 1878, p, / 30 / 3 / .

/: r.

Bull N.O.O. 3, July, 1878,

c?-z. d e ficc/ {rvr

- _ Stelgidopteryx serripenis. Rough-winged Swallow. — I shot

one at New Utrecht, April 19, 1878.

Bull. N. O.O. 3, April, 1881, p. *Z.C ■

Vol. XI

*893 J

Ge?ieral Notes.

369

Breeding of the Rough-winged Swallow at Shelter Island, New
York.— While collecting with Mr. W. W. Worthington of Shelter Island,

N. Y., June 3, 1893, I found a nest of the Rough-winged Swallow contain-
ing four much incubated eggs. The nest was placed in a bank about forty
feet high, on the shore; it looked like an old Bank Swallow’s burrow. It
was two feet from the top of the bank and twenty-seven inches deep. The
chamber the nest was in was twelve inches in diameter, and was completely
filled with dried sea grasses on which the eggs were laid.

I shot the female, and as it fell in the water the male came up and tried
to help its disabled mate, at the same time uttering a most plaintive cry. —
Harry B. Sargent, New York City. Auk X. Oct 1803

Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, p. w- „

Rough- winged Swallows {Stelgidopteryx sernpenms ) in Greene and
Ulster Counties, N. Y. — On May 29, 1897, I found a pair of Rough-
winged Swallows beginning to build in Palenville, Greene County, June
11. The nest with six eggs was procured. At Quarryville (about five
miles south of Palenville, being in the extreme northern part of Ulster
County) there is a small colony of these birds breeding regularly every
year, in the crevices of the rocks. Here I took a male specimen June 27,

1896, and a nest containing five eggs June 29, 1897. These specimens were
identified by Mr. Frank M. Chapman. — S. H. Chubb, New York City.

(S' f rlect^Sh *

20. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow. — Said to
be “rarely seen,” and three records given. According to Mr. Miller it is
a “not uncommon summer resident near Peterboro.”

Sy /?. XX, July, 1003, p.

869

113

The Rough-winged Swallow.

BY W . E. SAUNDERS.

For a bird of its comparative abundance there
is probably none so little known and studied as
the Rough-winged Swallow. In this portion of
Ontario it is quite common and is generally
found near water; frequently in company with
the Bank Swallow. In appearance, (light and
general habits it resembles that species very
much and the two are often confounded. It
may, however, be easily recognized when in
: the hand by the roughness of the edge of the
first primary, or by the breast which is ashy
from the chin to the belly, contrasting with the
white under parts of the othex, across which is
the well-known dark belt. It may generally
be recognized on the wing by the same means
j and assistance may be recieved from the bright-
er, more metalie brown of the back, the slightly
wider wings and slightly larger size, though
J until one is tolerably familiar with it the only
reliable means of identification while on the
wing is the breast coloration. Probably half
of the ornithologists in Ontario and the eastern
and middle states who are unacquainted with
this bird have seen it dozens of times, but have
supposed it to be the Bank Swallow.

As above stated the habits of the two are
very similar, and they often breed near to-
gether, though not more than one or two pairs
of Rough-wings will be found with the Banks.

The holes of the Rough-wings are always much
larger and deeper than those of the other much
resembling a short Kingfisher’s hole.

The nest is built of straws, generally finer

than those in the Bank Swallow's nest; which

is accounted for by the fact that the Rough-
, °
wings never in my experience use feathers as a

lining, while the Bank Swallows always do.

There is about as much difference in the size |
of the eggs as of the birds, those of the Rough-
wings being slightly larger both in length and [
breadth. In the number of eggs in a set, how-
ever, there is a marked difference. The average j
number of eggs in a set of Bank Swallow is ;
four, seldom three and often five, while five is
a small set of Rough-wings and six or seven is
the usual number, probably eight are sometimes
taken.

I have paid some attention to these birds to
try and discern some difference in the voice but
have so far been unable to do so though oppor-
tunity has been ample. While the nesting hab-
its as described above have been my invariable
experience, I am well aware that in other parts
of the country habits differ and cavities in
rocks and holes in abutments of bridges are the
chosen nesting place, and it would be interest-
ing to discover where this bird uses rock, and
where sand and if possible why its tastes vary
in different localities, and to this end I would
be glad to receive information from all parts of
the habitat of this species, stating the breeding
places, whether in sand or rock and whether in
the locality named both places are attainable;
the average set taken, the material used in the
nest, the approximate length and width of the
hole and the reasons which may occur to any-
one as to why its habits are as stated. A pos-
tal card bearing even on one point only will
often be valuable evidence and the result will
be furnished to the O. and O. for publication
as soon as practicable.

a.ArO. ira. nv,b. 1888 d. 28 -1 ?.

Notes on the Nesting of the Rough-
Winged Sparrow.

BY WALTER HOXIE.

I have continued my observations upon the
pair of Rough-winged Swallows mentioned in
a previous note.

After the first set of three eggs were taken,
j they laid another set also of three, which I in-
I tended they should hatch. But their nest was .
discovered by a lad who lives near me, and
knowing my liking for such things, he brought
| them to me to-day, nest and all.

I knew it was useless to return them, as he
said he got them the day before and could not
find me till to-day, so I have blown them,
though it was hard work, the young birds being
nearly ready to hatch.

Mr. Alfred Cuthbert has taken a number of
sets this year of five and six eggs, but “ my
: pair ” seem to be less in enterprising, and only
get as far as threes.

0.&0. XIII.Jnlv. 1888 p.’Oa

The Rough-Winged Swallow.

The Rough-winged Swallow is imputed as
rare in all places of its occurrence. However,

I believe it is of more general occurrence in
almost all parts than is thought, it being too
frequently overlooked or confounded with its
very near relative, the Bank Swallow.

Mr. J. L. Davison does not mention this bird
in his “List of Birds of Niagara County,
N. Y.,” while here in the adjoining county
(Orleans) it is a summer resident that may bo
depended upon, and several sets of its eggs are
taken each season. This bird is so like the
Bank Swallow in every particular that the only
safe means of identification is the bird in the
hand. ‘ However, it may be identified when
flying towards one by an observation of its
throat and breast. The throat of the Bank
Swallow is white, and it has a black pectoral
hand, while the Rough-winged species has a
black or brownish throat and no such band on
the breast. The bird in the hand will reveal
the peculiarities from which it takes it name.

Although the sand bank, the homo of the
Bank Swallow, is generally ascribed as the
nesting place of the Rough-winged, in this
locality at least, such is not the case as often
as otherwise. Here, the favorite nesting place
of Serripennis seems to he in the crevices of
the stone work which forms the side of the
Erie Canal or the abutments to its bridges, or
in crevices of stone work in the vicinity of
any water, and I think that if those who are
seeking for this bird will look carefully about
such places in their locality they will find it
not uncommon there.

The nest is loosely composed of straw
(almost entirely), with sometimes the addition
of some feathers. The eggs are pure white,
and I find that they differ from those of the
Bank Swallow in at least two particulars.
First, they are not so much pointed and may
be a trifle larger; and second, the number of
them is generally greater, the complete set
generally consisting of seven or eight eggs,
which are deposited the last week in May.

The Rough-winged Swallow does not arrive
from the South until the first week in May,
and departs unnoticed in the fall.

Neil F. Poxson.

Medina, N. Y.

NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB. 9

NOTES ON THE ROUGH- WINGED SWALLOW (HIRUNDO
SERRIPENNIS), IN PENNSYLVANIA.

BY WALTER VAX FLEET.

I have, during two years of rather careful observation, no-
ticed a constant and decided difference in the breeding and
other habits of the Rough-winged Swallow, as compared with the
Bank Swallow ( 'II. riparia). The main points are as follows :

II. serripennis is not gregarious while nesting, but during the
breeding season appears rather to avoid its kind, as well
as the Bank Swallows, and to associate only in pairs. Their
nesting holes are not placed near each other in the manner of
H. riparia, but are scattered along the banks of creeks and riv-
ers at irregular intervals, wherever an especially favorable local-
ity occurs. They very seldom excavate a hole for themselves,
but generally take up with any suitable cavity, and alter it to
suit their taste. It is quite common to find them breeding in
deserted Kingfishers’ holes, and in this case placing the nest
within a foot or eighteen inches from the entrance. They will
also, on finding a decayed root of sufficient size, leading in from
their favorite sand banks, remove the soft punky wood, follow-
ing the winding of the root, until they have arrivedat a suit-
able distance — about two feet — where, after enlarging the cavi-
ty, they place their nest. This species is also fond of building
in holes in stone bridge piers and other masonry, near water, re-
turning to the same place year after year.

In the few cases which I have observed of their excavating,
for themselves, it has been done in a very slovenly manner, and
invariably their holes have been much larger than is apparently
necessary, and round at the entrance, while on the contrary the
holes of the II. riparia are very symmetrical ellipses, with the
longer axis horizontal, and not larger than is needful to permit
free ingress and egress of the birds. I have never yet, in this lo-
cality, found a Bank Swallow’s hole large enough to admit the
hand, without enlarging, while the nest of the Rough-wings can
generally be reached without any trouble, except when built in
masonry. In this case they will pass through a crevice barely
large enough to admit their bodies, providing there is a cavity
within large enough to contain the nest.

2

The Rough-Winged Swallow.

[Sea Island Notes.]

lil' WALTER HOXIE.

Among the Sea Islands, the Rough-winged
Swallow finds very convenient breeding places,
and is a very regular resident, though his
Spring arrival is somewhat of a movable feast,
varying as my record shows, between the 21st
of March and the 8th of May. If his cousin,
the Bank Swallow, ever accompanies him, he
certainly does not come to stay, and has never
yet introduced himself to me.

As soon as they get home, the Rough-wings
begin to inspect their nesting sites. They
scratch little hollows in the side of a sanci-
bluff, and then sit around on convenient sticks
and indulge in lively discussion regarding the
merits of the locality. This prospecting work
lasts but a few days or a week at most, and the
real work of excavating the subterranean
dwelling soon begins, and seems to be quite a
laborious process, occupying three to four
weeks. The eggs are four or five in number,
oftener less than more, and average a little
over three-fourths of an inch in length.

A detailed account of the nesting of a pair
I have watched carefully this Spring, will il-
lustrate sufficiently well the above general
statement.

On the fourth of April. 1 found signs of
scratching in a sand-bluff near my house, and
a pair of Rough-wings were seen near the place.

On the ninth, the hole was begun, the excava-
tion being then something less than six inches.
Work continued till the 21st, when a few grass
roots were seen at the farther end. The meas-
urements at this time were : depth, 18 inches ;
width, 4 1-2 inches, contracting at the end to
3 1-2 inches; height, 2 5-8 inches. On ttie eighth
of May, a set of these eggs was taken. Incu-
bation begun. The nest was composed of grass
roots (Joint grass), and for a subterranean
structure was very compactly constructed.

The front was well raised, being an inch and
five-eighths high, but there was no back to
speak of ; inside diameter, 2 3-8 inches. The
shape was thus very similar to a nest of the
Climbing Swift.

As a study of “ capacities,” I subjoin the
measurements of this set and their cubic con-
tents both by weight and by measure.

No. 1. .81 x .51 in. ; capacity by weight, 13
inches; by measure, 14 inches; No. 2. .83 x .53
inches; capacity by weight. .17 incites; by
measure, 16 inches; No. 3. .80 x .53 inches;
capacity by weight, .14 inches ; by measure, .14

inches. O.&O. XIII. Jane. 1888 p. ?/

4

115

10

QUARTERLY BULLETIN.

The nests of 17. serripennis are generally much more careless-
ly built than those of II. riparia; they do not seem to go any
distance for their materials, but appear to pick up anything suit-
able which they can find within a few rods of their habitation.
The nests of the two species are composed of nearly the same
substances, but those of H. riparia exhibit a greater variety in
the same nests, for, as they build in large colonies, they are
obliged to search for materials in different places. On one oc-
casion I remember finding a nest of II. serripennis composed
entirely of feathers of domestic fowls. It was built in a desert-
ed Kingfisher’s hole, in a sand bank, about fifteen rods from a
barn-yard, in which fowls were constantly kept. At another
time I found three fresh eggs lying on the bare sand ; the hole
was a mere pocket, barely six inches deep. In this case the fe-
male bird was probably under so great a necessity that she did
not have time to construct a nest in the usual manner, but had
hastily deepened the already formed cavity.

I have quite frequently found fresh eggs in the nests of II.
serripennis , and those far advanced in incubation ; indeed,
have found fresh, nearly hatched eggs, and young birds, in the
same nest, but I have never noticed anything like this among
Bank Swallows, though I have searched carefully.

In general habits the difference is perhaps less marked. The
Rough-wings arrive here about the 10th of April, in large num-
bers, full two weeks before the Bank Swallows, and are found in
company with II. horreorum and II. bicolor, playing around,
and chasing insects over the ponds and rivers.

About the first of May the Bank Swallows come ; H. serripen-
nis then appear to grow scarcer, and to desert the vicinity of
ponds and streams where there are no sand banks. During the
latter part of June and through July, I have often met pairs
of Rough-winged swallows flying steadily in a particular direc-
tion, one or another turning out to pursue an occasional insect,
but when it was captured returning to its former general
course, over meadows, forests and streams until lost to sight. I
have thus met pairs at different times, going towards all points
of the compass. As they fly quite high at these times I have
never succeeded in killing both birds, but think they would
prove to be male and female.

About the last of August, both this species, and II. riparia
begin to migrate southward, associated with the Barn Swal-
lows ; when there is no perceptible difference in the habits
of either. By the middle of September they have all disap-
peared.

Watsontown, Pa., Feb. 20th, 1876.

Bull. N.O.O. I, April, 1870. p, f-//.

4

The Rough-Winged Swallow.

[Sea Island Notes.]

BY WALTER HOXIE.

Among the Sea Islands, the Rough-winged
Swallow finds very convenient breeding places,
and is a very regular resident, though his
Spring arrival is somewhat of a movable feast,
varying as my record shows, between the 2lst
of March and the 8th of May. If his cousin,
the Bank Swallow, ever accompanies him, he
certainly does not come to stay, and has never
yet introduced himself to me.

As soon as they get home, the Rough-wings
begin to inspect their nesting sites. They
i scratch little hollows in the side of a sana-
bluff, and then sit around on convenient sticks
and indulge in lively discussion regarding the
merits of the locality. This prospecting work
: lasts but a few days or a week at most, and the
real work of excavating the subterranean
dwelling soon begins, and seems to be quite a
j laborious process, occupying three to four
weeks. The eggs are four or five in number,

! oftener less than more, and average a little
over three-fourths of an inch in length.

A detailed account of the nesting of a pair
I have watched carefully this Spring, will il-
lustrate sufficiently well the above general
statement.

On the fourth of April. I found signs of
scratching in a sand-bluff near my house, and
| a pair of Rough-wings were seen near the place.

I On the ninth, the hole was begun, the excava-
tion being then something less than six inches.
Work continued till the 21st, when a few grass
j roots were seen at the farther end. The mens-
| urements at this time were: depth, 18 inches;

| width, 4 1-2 inches, contracting at the. end to
3 1-2 inches; height, 2 5-8 inches. On the eighth
of May, a set of these eggs was taken. Incu-
bation begun. The nest was composed of grass
j roots (Joint grass), and for a subterranean
| structure was very compactly constructed.

The front was well raised, being an inch and
five-eighths high, but there was no back to
speak of; inside diameter, 2 3-8 inches. The
shape was thus very similar to a nest of the
Climbing Swift.

As a study of “ capacities,” I subjoin the
| measurements of this set and their cubic con-
tents both by weight and by measure.

No. 1. .81 x .51 in. ; capacity by weight, 13
inches; by measure, 14 inches; No. 2. .83 x .53
inches; capacity by weight. .17 inches; by
! measure, 16 inches; No. 3. .80 x .53 inches;

| capacity by weight, .14 inches ; by measure, .14

inches. O.&o. XIII. Jane. 1888 p. f/.

115

\

7£T

^yJy <^1 fc-~ <^KZ <z^c£ J^y^IZTy

t^CsllZZLy' z>~ / ^-' <t^i, j^o-^ ^-* 1^

C ^_+-P) /^ C '- J ~'~t tA.rC£& ^ cH~£e~^y a/

/>L~ 7 C fx^J^'OC^-^--' ^ -V ^*^4 y^JX^xX <^-

<*7 a^xc <£ <?o~xs^££Zi ^A-o-^*-^ ^

^v>

\xr*J^< 1«_- ^le^A

7 „ A

(//CT^cyLX- . OLXX- £ ^£x-0 -7 ^J?

/jz£~ a^-^cA. 7^.' dU_ tt/; v~-A5: /y/£o^6&* /I^C

Auk, XII, April, 1895 , P.'*f

The Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx serrtpennis ) and tree
Swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) Wintering in South Carolina. — I shot
a male Rough-winged Swallow on the morning of December 22, 1894,
which had been in the neighborhood for over a month, and which had
roosted in a barn since November. I also shot two Tree Swallows on
January 4, 1895. The weather was intensely cold between these dates,
the thermometer registering as low as 8° above zero. It is not unusual
to see hundreds of Tree Swallows on mild days in January and February,
but it is certainly surprising to find them braving a temperatuie of 8
to io° above zero. The Tree Swallows had their throats stuffed with
myrtle berries, which they subsist upon in the fall and winter months.—
Arthur T. Wayne, Mount Pleasant, S. C.

I Amfl f. Naturalist* Vol, 10 a , Robert Ridgway here

states that the Bank Swallows (p. 493) referred to in the June number are
the Gotyle serripennis, instead of C.riparici, as first stated.

Auk, XII, April, 1895, P* /54 \

The Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx sernpennis) and Iree
Swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor') Wintering in South Carolina. — I shot
a male Rough-winged Swallow on the morning of December 22, 1894,
which had been in the neighborhood for over a month, and which had
roosted in' a barn since November. I also shot two Tree Swallows on
January 4, 1895. The weather was intensely cold between these dates,
the thermometer registering as low as 8° above zero. It is not unusual
to see hundreds of Tree Swallows on mild days in January and February,
but it is certainly surprising to find them braving a temperature of 8
to io° above zero. The Tree Swallows had their throats stuffed with
myrtle berries, which they subsist upon in the fall and winter months.
Arthur T. Wayne, Mount Pleasant , 5 1 . C.

Am ar. Naturalist* Vol, 10 a / Robert Ridgway here

states that the Bank Swallows (p. 493) referred to in the June number are
the Gotyle serripennis, instead of G. riparia, as first stated.