Acanthis hornemannii exilipes. I-Ioary Redpoll. — This species has
been taken at Peticodiac, in the eastern corner of New Brunswick, and
is considered very rare.

Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p,*o/.

taken till January 8, 1904, when I found

one that had been taken from

a flock of linaria.

Another Hoary Redpoll ( Acanthis hornemanni exilipes ) at Westbrook,

Maine. — On February 14, 1909, in a garden in the outskirts of Saccorappa
village, Westbrook, I collected an adult male Hoary Redpoll. It was
accompanied at the time by another bird, which I believe to have been of
the same form, but this was not positively determined. Two and three
birds had been visiting the place for several days previous to the capture,
and I had become positive that one at least was a Hoary Redpoll, undoubt-
edly the one secured. — Arthur H. Norton, Portland, Maine.

▲ak 26 , July -1900 ,p, yfO<g.

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jEgiothus exilipes in Massachusetts. — On the 16th of Novem-
ber last, while collecting in Swampscott, I fired into a flock of JEgiothi,
killing seven of the common form and one male of the light Northern race,
exilipes. The occurrence of this form so far south has been noted pre-
viously. Audubon, in writing of the Greater Red-poll ( JE . canescens ),
mentions seeing it in Greenland, and also in New Jersey, and as found by
others in Maryland. In this and in the following references JE. canescens
is doubtless our form exilipes. In 1863 Mr. Samuels gives Mr. Terrill
as authority for the occurrence of JE. canescens in Maine. Mr. Maynard,
in his list of 1870, takes the opportunity to refuse to give exilipes specific
rank, but does not state whether the so-called species exists or not in East-
ern Massachusetts. In 1874 Dr. Coues, in “Birds of the Northwest,”
writes that exilipes rarely if ever occurs in the United States. Dr. Brewer’s
list of 1875 gives JE. canescens as rare in Eastern Maine, as I afterwards
learned, on the authority of Mr. Boardman. Mr. Purdie, in his criticism
of this list, seemed to doubt its occurrence ; while the last Massachusetts
list, Mr. Allen’s, does not refer to the form as a synonym or otherwise.

The flock from which my specimen was shot rose after being fired at,
circled round and alighted on an elm close by, remaining quiet for a few
seconds, then flying by twos and threes back and forth between the tree
and their wounded comrade, hovering within twenty feet of my head, but,
though I looked carefully, I could not see a second light bird.

In this connection I may also mention a young moulting JE. linaria, show-
ing no red on the head, but a slight coppery tinge above the forehead. —

W. A. Jeffries, Boston , Mass. BnLL N.O.G. 4, April) 1870. P t ^ t '

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Acanthis hornemanni exilipes. Hoary Redpoll. — Although Red-
polls ( Acanthis Unarm) were formerly occasionally common in southern Con-
necticut and more rarely recorded in recent years, not until the fall of 1906
did I ever succeed in finding this species. On November 24 of that year
while collecting in East Haven with my friend Mr. E. Seymour Woodruff,
whose untimely death was a great and permanent loss both to his friends
and to ornithology , we found a large flock of Redpolls and from it were
fortunate enough to secure a single young female Hoary Redpoll, now in
my collection. This is the first record in Connecticut.

AOk 27. Oct -1910 P .#63.

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Concord, Mass.

1899. On the 6th, 8th, 9th & 11th I heard the flight calls of Red-

No v. 1-11 . polls at Ball's Hill, on each occasion in the early morning.

Also 21,

22 & 26. On the morning of the 7th a flock of four birds alighted near
me for a moment in the top of a gray birch. As none of our
other local observers met with this species during the present
autumn I conclude that the flight which I noted at Concord
must have been inconsiderable and of short duration (Four or
five Redpolls were seen Jan. 21st, 1900 at Ipswich, Mass, by
Dr . C . '.Y . To wn send and Dr . Jo s . Go o da 1 e . They sho t one wh i ch
proved to be a typical 1 i nar ia J .

lo

Birds within Ten Miles of Point
.cLe Monts, Gan, Comeau&Merriam

31 . JSEgiothus linaria. Red-poll. — Very abundant in winter, large
flocks being seen nearly every day. They all seem to move in one direc-
tion, following the shore westward.

Bull, N.O.Q. 7, Get, 1882, p,2S6

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador

by Henry B. Bigelow.

64 . Acanthis linaria. Common Redpoll. — Very common every-
where. Apparently all the Redpolls belong to this race.

Ank, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.29.

Acanthis linaria. Redpoll.— Both sexes of the Redpoll are much
alike, the males being distinguished by the pink tinge on the feathers of
the breast. They are very lively little birds, and seem to be cheerful in
sunshine or storm. They feed on weed seeds as long as any weeds remain
above the snow. The seeds of various trees are also eaten, such as those
of the black alder and yellow birch. The writer has had the experience of
watching Redpolls feed on seeds put out for them. They would feed for
several hours daily, and would take fifty seeds per minute. So erratic are
these birds in their choice of a winter home, that one winter they may be
abundant with us and' not be seen again for years, or they may appear in
autumn, pass on, and not be here again till the next winter.

Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p.-W

194. Acanthis linaria. Redpoll. — Irregular winter resident, some-
times abundant from November to March.

Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F. H. 0.

46. JEgiotlius liniaria, (Red-poll Linnett). This
species was seen only in winter. A. few came
about the lumber camps in January, and remained
for several days.

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1886. p. 146

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Winter Birds of Webster, N.H. by Falco.

Common Redpoll, ( Aegiothus linaria).

O.&O. X.Jan.l8Sf .p../*

Lesser Red Poll.

This bird is a common Winter visitor,
arriving in November and remaining usu-
ally until the middle or last of March.

To-day, April 14th, I shot one, the latest
I have known them to remain. The last
of March, 1878, 1 was fortunate enough to
find the nest and eggs ©f this species.

The nest, now before me, is composed of
fine dry twigs, dried grasses, fine strips of
fibrous bark, bits of twine, hair, fibrous
roots, moss, dried leaves, pieces of co-
coons, feathers, thistle down, and other
material, which is neatly woven together
into a compact structure and lined with
hair. It was placed very loosely among
the top branches of a small spruce, about
six feet from the ground, and contained
three fresh eggs of a very pale bluish
green color, sparingly marked with spots
and splashes of different shades of brown
at the larger end. Dimensions, .72X-48,

.72X-47, .71X.48. — C. 0. Tracy , Tafts-
ville, Vt.

[We kept one of these birds in a cage for two seasons.

It made a good cage bird, but was very restless in the even-
ing until midnight during the Spring and Fall migration, qq

and had a peculiar call during the night. It remained per- CO

fectly healthy. When changing its seed, it flew through the 00

hole in the wires and went out the back door. Almost im- *3

mediately we went out at the front door, and while watch-
ing the fountain play, noticed what appeared to be a bird in -sj-

the water. On removing it, it proved to be the Lesser Red
Poll. The bright sun and the fountain spray lured the little
Northern bird to its destruction. — E d.]

The Red-poll Linnet ( Acanthis linaria) is
another winter visitant of whose appearance
j we cannot always speak of for a certainty. In
1888 they came in large numbers, although
they did not arrive until the spring months,
the first being observed on March Oth. They
remained in abundance during that month and
April, the last ones being noted on May 1st.
The winter of 1888 and 1889 did not furnish
: me a note on this species, while this season
they are exceedingly common.

They were first seen Nov. 14, making the ex-
treme dates at which I have seen them in this
locality Nov. 11 and May 1. The Pine Linnet
( Spinas pinus) which generally appears in
greater or less numbers, often mingling with
the Red Poll, has been watched for with inter-
est but has not been noted thus far.

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Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

P. W. Andros.

Acanthis linaria (Linn.), Red-poll. Winter
visitant, irregular in appearance.

I

0.&0. XII. Sept. 1887 p,140

Froia Basteni Mass, M.A.Frazar.

lesser redpolls were here in abundance all winter, and
weHeard of two mealy redpolls that were taken near by.

POT, & Stria, April 24, 1800. P.2Q8

The

Winter Birds in Soafiar eastern Mass.
Harry G. White

17. Common Redpoll. A single bird recorded
at North Truro, on December 13th.

0.& O.Vol.17, June, 1892 p.80

Acanthis linaria. A flock of ten Redpolls and one Goldfinch was
observed in the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass., February 13,
1904. On March 2, 1904, a flock containing one Redpoll and thirteen
Pine Finches was recorded in Brookline, Mass.

_

Acanthis

Shin no. 30457 in the Brewster Collection was too
much mangled to be sexed. It was found on the grass
under the cherry trees just north of the middle
of the path leading from the arbor to the pond.

It was found dead andTthe condition as stuffed.

The fragment of wing attached to the shin is the
only other temnant found. jle^ C&X •>

//-

Jj'A 'ii fot/ -n / fltMt '6‘ / -

‘Ofa^L dV |

9^1, -.93 •

The Redpolls of Massachusetts.— In his ‘Revised List of the Birds of
Massachusetts’ Mr. Allen includes only two Redpolls, Acanthis linaria
and A. 1 . rostrata. He does not give his reasons for excluding Acanthis
hornemanni exilipes , but whatever they may have been, this bird has an
indisputable right to a place in our fauna. I have examined the speci-
men taken by Jeffries at Swampscott, Nov. 16, 1878 (see Bull. N. O. C.,
IV, April, 1879, P- 121); that shot by Atkinson and recorded by Dr.
Brewer (Proc. Bos. Soc. N. H., XX, 1879, p. 270); and a bird in the
Cambridge Museum, to which Mr. Allen probably referred when he at-
tributed exilipes to Massachusetts in 1870 (Am. Nat., Ill, p. 583), and all
three are unmistakable examples of A. h. exilipes. To this number I can
add the following, none of which seem to have been previously an-
nounced* :

A male in the collection of Mr. H. M. Spelman, taken Nov. 15, 1880, in
Cambridge; a pair shot at Revere Beach, Mass., March 8, 1879, by Mr.
Foster H. Brackett, and now in the collection of Mr. Charles R. Lamb; a
pair killed at Revere Beach, March 9, 1883, by Messrs. Spelman and Chad-
bourne, the former of whom has the male, the latter the female ; and a
male shot at Nantasket Beach, Feb. 22, 1883, by Matthew Lucas, Jr., and
in the collection of the present writer. All of the males just mentioned
are in gray (immature ?) plumage.

Besides the forms above referred to, a fourth occurs, at least rarely, in
Massachusetts. This is Acanthis linaria holbcellii Brehm, of which I
have two examples,! shot together at Swampscott, March 26, 1883; both
are males, one in gray plumage, the other a rosy-breasted adult (?).

Thus of the five Redpolls attributed to North America at large four
have been found in Massachusetts. Of these A. linaria visits us in abun-
dance, but of course more or less irregularly ; A. rostrata in smaller
numbers, but still plentifully at times, as in February, 1883 (see Bull.
N. O. C., Vol. VIII, pp- 95-99, recorded as rEgiothus linaria holboelli );
A. h. exilipes in very limited numbers, and perhaps even less regularly
than either of the two preceding; while A. 1 . holbcellii is apparently the
rarest of the four and possibly a mere accidental straggler. The fifth
North American form, Acanthis hornemanni typica, has never been taken
within the limits of the United States.

As the recent shifting of names in this group is somewhat confusing it
may be well to explain, that the AEgiothus linaria holboelli which I re-
recoided* from Massachusetts in 1883 is the Acanthis linaria rostrata
of the A. O. U. List, and the Acanthis linaria holbcellii, now for the first
time reported from our State, another and very different form, much
more nearly like true linaria, from which it can be distinguished only
by its greater size and longer bill. Those who care to look further into
this subject should consult Dr. Stejneger’s able papers on the genus
Acanthis. f — William Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.

[The omission of Acanthis hornemanni exilipes from my ‘Revised List’
was due (1) to the fact that the then latest authorities on this group did
not recognize exilipes as occurring south of “ Arctic America and North-
eastern Asia”; (2) in view of the recent radical shifting of names, and
the supposed not wholly trustworthy identification of at least some of
the specimens of ‘exilipes ,’ referred to above as recorded from Massachu-
setts, the omission of this form was thought to be the safer course, es-
pecially as the alleged specimens were not then accessible to me for
examination, — J. A. Allen.]

Auk, 4, April 1887. p. /£,?-/<£>■/,

’

t Dr. Stejneger has kindly examined them and confirmed

my determination.

* Bull N. O. C, VIII, pp. 95-99.
t Auk, 1 , 1884, pp. 145-155; ibid., IV, 1887, pp. 30-35,

— £? t. , . /I — •y

Atzdu "y

For, & Stria, April 24, 1890. p.2 Q8

f

II

01 '- recently large flocks of Red Polls.

^,% /coy/'

Acanthis linaria linaria. Redpoll. — Several flocks of from twenty-
five to fifty birds were observed each week from December 25, 1916 to
February 12, 1917. They were usually feeding in high, weedy fields on
the edge of woods, but were sometimes grouped in the maple trees at the
edge of the field, and on several instances on the lawn around the house.
They have never been so common in this vicinity before to my knowledge.
I think I have not seen more than half a dozen Redpolls before this in
Stamford in the last twenty years.

Aak, 24, Apr. ,1907, p. / $ $•

Notes on certain birds of Long Island,
New York.

By William C. Braislin, M. D.

AcantMs linaria. Lessee Redpoll. — Never having previously
observed the Redpoll on Long Island, it was with pleasure that
two were seen in Prospect Park, Brooklyn on March 5, 1907.

The two, observed at close range, were even less timid than the
common English Sparrow, as I came within little more than a
yard’s length of the nearest. They found something to pick at
on the snow mounds at the edge of the walk, and as they flew I
was interested to note the similarity of flight and call-notes to those
of the Goldfinch, for which I might easily have mistaken them
under less favorable conditions for observation.

w

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C. B.Merriaiu.

5S. iEgiothus linaria (Linn.) Cabanis. Common Redpoll. — Wir
ter visitant from the north and more or less irregular.

Ball. N. O. a, Q, Oct, 1881 , p, 220

I Saw flocks of Les-
ser RedpoRs on Dec. 5th and 6th.

cl* fa- 'tf*

CT&O. Vlll. Mar. 1863. p.-M'

W^^jm^e^^of^spring.

O N Feb. 8 this locality was visited by a large flight of
the common redpoll. They were in very large flocks,
and accompanied a snow' storm which swept through the
Chemung *V alley on this date. I had about a dozen fine
specimens brought to me by a young man who fired into
a flock that was feeding near the house. This first called
my attention to them, and on going out I was surprised
| to find them all over. A very few snowflakes were also
seen among some of the flocks. Yesterday, while on my
way to church, I saw a red and buff -shouldered blackbird.
He was all alone in the top of a dead tree, and his notes
reminded one of spring. He looked very lonesome.
Elmira, N. Y„ Feb. 10. E. A. S.

WinteT Notes fromStephentown, N.Y.
• Benjamin Hoag.

It is with great pleasure that I record
the presence of Redpolls in considerable
numbers. Not a single specimen was
noted last season, while in the fall of 1889
they commenced to arrive in large flocks
about the 15th of November, and were
here in multitudes all winter, staying un-
til late in the spring of 1890.

O. & O.Vol. 18, Jan. 1898 p.ll

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A.lt’niex* and Melanism in North

American Birds* Rutixven Deane,

A speci-
men of A. linaria was recently captured, whose plumage was
white, with the exception of the crimson patch on the crown.

Bali. N.OtO. 1 4 April, 1876, p.2l

9-H i

4. iEgiotlms linaria. Common Redpoll. — In his list of the birds
of the Magdalen Islands,* Mr. Cory included this species “with great hes-
itation,” a single specimen, so badly mangled that it could not be positively
identified, being the only one which came under his notice. Mr. Fra-
zar, however, found it abundant on both Amherst and Grindstone Islands
where many large flocks were seen feeding among the spruces. Owing to
lack of time and the pressure of other duties he secured only two speci-
mens. but as these are both in first plumage the breeding of the species
there may be considered assured. The following description is taken
from the younger of the two examples just mentioned.

Juv., first plumage {$ , Magdalen Islands, June 29, 1S82. M. A. Fra-
zar). Entire plumage of the head and body, excepting the throat, cheeks,
and abdomen, thickly and coarsely streaked with dull black on a pale
ochracehus or brownish-white ground; tips of the greater and middle
wing-coverts with the outer edges of the tertials, ochraceous-white ; throat
black; cheeks brown ish-ochraceous ; center of the abdomen brownish-
white and immaculate; no red on the vertex.

Bull N. O.O, 7 , Oot, 1882, p. 5 ~.

IaHLI

717. Lesser Red Poll . (. Adgiothus linaria'). By C. O. Tracy. Ibid.,
p. 47. — “Nest and eggs of this species” found “the last of March, 1878,”
at Taftsville, Vt. ! The species was doubtless the Pine Finch ( Chrysomi -
Iris j) intis ) . O.VoLVIII ?

The Redpoll Breeding on the Magdalen Islands.— It may be of some
interest to know that a nest of a Redpoll ( Acanthis linaria) was found on
Grosse Isle, Magdalen Islands, this year by Mr. H. H. Hann and the writer
of this note, while on a short trip to the Islands in June of this year. It
was the day before we left Grosse Isle that the nest was found, and most
of our belongings were packed for our homeward journey but nevertheless
we decided to spend this last day, June 29 , on the hill a little to the east
of the settlement. About one third the way up this hill, amid the spruce
trees, we discovered a small nest in a spruce about six feet from the ground.

It was placed near the trunk of the tree and was a dainty affair, neat and
rather compact, composed of coarse grass and a goodly quantity of deer
moss lined with feathers, about three and one half inches in diameter,
and containing four young birds four or five days old. After we had
waited there for some time both parent birds returned to the nest. There
was no mistake in the identification of these active little birds, with their

dark throats and red foreheads, the male with a conspicuous red patch
on his breast.

It might also be of interest to note that the Scaup Duck ( Aythya marila),
found quite abundantly on the Magdalens by both Rev. C. J. Young and
the Rev. H. K. Job, on their visits to the Islands, were this year no where
to be found and the islanders could not account for their sudden disap-
pearance. — J. P. Callender, Summit, N. J.

‘fusfe, XX111, Jar.., 1906, p 3

The Lesser Redpoll.

W. E. Brooks on the Genus Acanthis.— Mr. Brooks, the well-known
Indian Ornithologist, now living in Milton, Ontario, has recently contrib-
uted to ‘The Ibis’ two papers* on the Redpolls, especially the American
species. The final result to which Mr. Brooks has arrived, he gives as
follows: “We have, then, five very well-marked species of Acanthis, viz.
A. hornemanni , A. exilipes, A- rostrata. A. linaria, and A. rufescens ; also
one doubtful bird, A. linaria kolbcelli." Of this latter he says : “To me it
is not a thoroughly satisfactory species, like the others, but at present its
long bill is not easily accounted for. I am not partial to the trinomial
system, but for convenience’ sake this bird might stand a.s Acanthis linaria
kolbodli. It is a variation not yet thoroughly worked out.” The present
reviewer, who, on an earlier page of this number of ‘The Auk,’ has attempt-
ed to put this form on a satisfactory footing, feels quite satisfied with this
admission of Mr. Brooks, who, it must be remembered, is an opponent of
the theory of evolution, and to whom a form must be a ‘full species or
nothing. On the other hand it is very gratifying to find one's views in
regard to so difficult a group as the Redpolls shared and sustained by an
ornithologist of so great power of discrimination as Mr. Brooks, whose
statements the present writer is glad to indorse in most cases. Ihe dif-
ferences of opinion between Mr. Brooks and myself relate directly to the
question of ‘species or subspecies,’ or perhaps ‘binomials or trinomials,’
differences which, in fact, are quite unessential.— L. S. /

Auk, 4, Jan., 1887* P* '

* Stray Ornithological Notes. Ibis, 1885, pp. 380-389; the portion relating to
Acanthis on pp. 381-385. Additional Notes on the Genus Acanthis. Ibis, 1886, pp.
359 - 364 -

BY ARTHUR H. LOCKETT.

The interesting, and hardy little bird, corres-
ponds in Winter to the Goldfinch in Summer, but
is a little larger than the Goldfinch, and with more
modest colors.

The male wears a beautiful rose colored vest,
with a modest black tie just under his chin. His
swallow-tailed coat is striped brownish gray and
white, but the handsomest part of his outfit, is a
beautiful crimson skull-cap, which is also a weak-
ness of his wife’s, but she does not wear red in
any other part of her costume.

They are very irregular in their movements,
some years appearing at one time, some years at
another ; common one Winter and few or none to
be found the next. Last year they came and went
late, not arriving here (Exeter, ' 1 ST. H.,) until the
first week in March, and leaving about, the middle
of April. They were in very large flocks, and
wandered incessantly in search of food.

When on the ground they are very easily start-
led, but on the other hand very easily re-assured ;
taking to the trees or bushes at the slightest sound,
but in a second or two back again picking up
seeds as before.

Their note is very peculiar, for the note or
rather chatter of one bird sounds like that of a
great many.

In the latter part of March I caught a well
marked female, and tamed it, which was very
easily done, and found it a very pretty little pet.
It never disturbed me by loud notes, as at times
a canary does, but sitting on the top of its cage,
would chatter as if talking to itself for an hour at
a time, and I could shut my eyes and imagine
that I heard a whole flock of these happy little
creatures, hopping about on the crust of the snow,
fulfilling the duty for which God created them.

o . & o. XI. Jan. 1C86, p. 6 >.

*

2 Transactions Canadian Institute, III, 1891-92, 29.

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CL*J\ / KXty. iQo'f, % 7 j

195. Acanthis linaria holbcellii. Holboll’s Redpoll — Three speoi
mens are recorded by Mr. Ernest Seton, taken at Lome Park a few miles.

rr‘cl T °r t0 - amale taken March 3 ’ and a male and female March
15, 1888. These were determined by Mr. Robert Ridgway, who said they

were not typical of the form but nearer to that than to Unaria 2 I can
find no local specimens comparable with these three birds; one of the
females, now in my collection, agrees exactly with a breeding female
presumably of this species, from St. Matthew’s Mission, Peel River Mac-
kenzie Territory. '

*

II

Auk, XIV, Apr., 1897, P 4tf,
Acanthis 1 inaria holboellii.

Two new birds for Maine.

Wm. . L . Powers , Gar d iner ,

See under Acanthis 1 . rostrata .

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I have the pleasure of informing the lovers of Ornithology
in our state that, on Dec. 30t.h, 1896, I took a specimen of
the Greater Redpoll Aoauthis linaria rostrata (Coues) in Gar-
diner. The presence of this bird among us had been suspect-
ed before, but no record of its actual occurrence has ever ap-
peared. The skin was submitted to VVm. Brewster of Cam-
bridge, Mass., President of the A. 0. U., on whose decision
I feel authorized in making known my discovery.

Wm. L. Powers.

^ )m»i*vc. tv<.

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ro~ cf~, ( ( .'S CK^ri

0~A,**''t,>*~. i ,9. 7 'f, i? f>

196. Acanthis linaria rostrata. Greater Redpoll.— Occurs among
flocks of linaria, but is rare; I have seen about a dozen well marked local
specimens taken between November 9 and February 10.

_ „ , Auk, XIV, Apr. . 1897, p.2/9.

Two New Birds for Maine. — The United Ornithologists of Maine
report the occurrence of two birds new to the State. The February num-

bei the ‘ Maine Sportsman,’ their official organ, published in Bangor,
leported the taking of a Greater Redpoll, Acanthis linaria rostrata at
Gardiner, Dec, 30, 1896, by Win. I,. Powers. The bud was shot from a
flock of Lesser Redpolls, and the skin sent to Mr. Wm. Brewster, Cam-
bridge, Mass., for identification.

The March number contains the account of a number of skins collected
in the winter of 1878-79 by James Carroll Mead of North Bridgton. Mr.
Mead was with Mr. Powers when the Greater Redpoll was captured, and
on returning home and inspecting his collection, he deemed it wise to
submit them to Mr. Brewster, who identified one as the Acanthis linaria
holhoellii , which decision was afterward ratified by Mr. Robert Ridgway
of the Smithsonian Institution. — Wm. L. Powers, Gardiner , Me.

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Acanthis linaria rostrata and Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus in Con-
necticut. — In a small collection of bird skins given me some time ago by
Dr. W. H. Hotchkiss of this city I find two skins of the Greater Redpoll.
They were taken by Dr. Hotchkiss near New Haven on December 17, 1878,
and are, I believe, the only specimens of this subspecies so far recorded
from Connecticut.

Auk, XVIII, April., 1901, p. if?'

7 &

to*

Capture of zEgiotiius linaria holboelli in the Lower Hud-
son Valley. Mr. Ezra Acker, on Feb. 12, killed a specimen of this
large Greenland variety of the Redpoll Linnet, out of a small passing
flock. The following day another was captured out of a large mixed
flock of common Redpolls, Goldfinches, and Pine Linnets, specimens of
each species having been killed at the one discharge of the gun. Mr.
Robert Ridgway, who kindly examined the two specimens, considers
them typical.— A. K. Fisher, M. D., Sing- Sing, N. T.

s.Apii. I88a 4 p, /2/,

40

iS8 3 .J

Brewster on Hoi boll's Redpoll in New England.

95

I have named this species in compliment to Mr. M. A. Frazar,
by \hom it was collected.

Sayornis dominicensis. General appearance of the" last
species ggt much larger ; abdomen and crissum showing an
orange tinge ; olive of the sides darker ; tail feathers narrowly
tipped with dull white. Length, 6 ; wing, 3 ; tail, .2. 75 ; tarsus,
.62 ; bill, .55. \

I have placed this species in the genus Sayoynis provisionally.

Myiarchus ruficaudatus. Crown dark olive brown, becom-
ing lighter on the back and showing a more decided grayish
tinge. Throat and brea&t ashy ; belly, cjdssum and under wing-
coverts, pale yellow ; wing-coverts edged with brownish-white,
forming two dull wing-bands ; tertialp broadly edged with yellow-
ish-white. Primaries, except the^ first, narrowly edged with
rufous on the outer rib, s h o w i n gg/ broader and much paler edging
of the same color on the inner/webs of the same feathers. Two
central tail feathers dark brown, all the rest having more than
half of the inner web ruftfus to the tip. Bill and feet, black.
Length, 7.25 ; wing, 3.50; tail, 3.25 ; tarsus, .75 ; bill, .75.

The above may be pasily distinguished by the tail markings.
Myiarchus stolidus from Jamaica approaches it closely, but lacks
the bright rufous ofi the outer tail feather.

Strix dominicensis. General plumage above dark brown,
shading into orange-rufous on the side of the neck. Quills show-
ing inner wgbs brownish, outer webs dull orange-rufous, banded
with brown. Entire underparts pale orange-rufous mottled with
light brown, whitening somewhat on the throat and abdomen.
Face d/ep gray ; an ante-orbital spot of black ; circle of feathers
around the face dark chestnut, bordered with black on the throa't.
Tarsus not feathered to the feet. Length, 13.50; wing, 10; tail,
4.00; tarsus, 2.45.

HOLBOLL’S RED-POLL {Ml GIOTHUS L 1 NARIA x jr~ 7-
HOLBOETL 1 ) IN NEW ENGLAND.

BY WILLIAM BREWSTER.

Having occasion, recently, to look up the distribution of
Holbdll’s Red-poll I was astonished to find that it has never
been formally accredited to New England, nor even, unless I

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St> inns trist is

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1898. Very ooramon and generally distributed. Although several

July 5 pairs of birds were evidently breeding near the house and con-
to

Aug. 15. stantly under observation I heard the full song only a few

times during my stay (July 18*, 20*, 30*, Aug. 4.*, 6.*).

I have satisfied myself this season that W. Deane is cor-

*

rect in his contribution (of 0si>rev, Vol.2, no. 3, llov., 1897,

P . 41 ) that the summer flight call of the Goldfinch (i.e. the
\

per-CLhicoree ) invariably begins just as the bird opens its
wings after reaching or slightly passing the lowest part of
its curve. It ends invariably with the completion of the up-
ward curve. In other words the downward sweep is always per-
formed in silence. What is the meaning, by the way, of this
galloping flight with its accompanying perchicoree (I should
render this call per-chee-chee - chee ) call? It appears to be
peculiar to the male and to be performed only in the breeding
season; yet the true song and the bird's manner of flight,
while singixig, are wholly different.

si

Concord, Mass.

1899.

Bov .1-11
Also 21,
25 & 26.

Sn inus tr ist Is .

The minis t ahead le flight call of this species was heard

almost daily from October 13th to November 11th usually in the
early morning. Judging by the evidence of my ears alone (I

did not once see any of the birds ) the Linnets were roving

about over the country singly or in small parties, but on

October 25rd I heard the confused clamor of what must have

been an exceptionally large flock.

f

Birds of Upper St, John,

Batohelder.

4 z. Astragalinus tristis {Linn.') Cab. Goldfinch. Common.
Though somewhat beyond the limits of my subject, I quote the following
from Mr. McLeod's notes : “This winter [1876-77] they have been abun-
dant, although the seas.on is very severe. I have seen them at this time
of year but once before.” The Goldfinch has been supposed not to winter
north of Massachusetts.

Ball. N.O.Q, 7, July, 1882. p,147

Birds "within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Can, Comeau &Mernam

34. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Rather rare.
I saw a small flock in July, 1882.

Bail* N.0.0* 7, Got* 1882, p t 23t

Goldfinch, plentiful.

O.&O. XI. May. 1686. p. I 6

1 11, Goldfinch,

O.&O. XI. Mar. 1886. p,

Summer Bde. Restigouche Valley, N.B,

July, *88. J. Brittain and P. Cox, Jr.

Spinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Occasionally met with near
settlements.

Auk, Yl. April. 1889. p. 118

'SQnixn©!* Birds ss* j,

° ot -

529. American Goldfinch. Common.

Oi&Qi XV, JUS»,1Q9Q, p,88

Dwight, -Summer Birds of
Prince Edward Island.

Spmus tristis. American Goldfinch.— A few seen almost daily.

Auk X, Jan, 1893. p.li

S'*/

Newfoundland Notes.' A Trip up tie
Humber Hirer, Aug. 10 - Sept. 24, 1899.

35 . Spinus tristus. American Goldfinch. — Their characteristic
note heard on several occasions, but none seen.

Louis H, Porter, New York City.
Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p .'JZ.

^ ' i •- ' ^4- I vi’p S ^ S-e-o-c-—. V ~yj Xjx* lYY)

(Jjn~^ //. ypi^cnn-^' S c-<rfcY v Ca . , i>CA t ,

X V/// t /, /*. 2o (

l <y /6z<u .A

W- f#- -7i< </ ztUjC, . ^/tx^u cjL<rt~, , ^VT7S ■

Spinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — During the winter of 1900-01
Goldfinches were observed here February 15 , a very unusual occurrence
the general time of arrival being in the month of May.

Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p. -?<>/,

7 ^^ C?.y64^/ ( /€^: Xx/ , / t

J"/

*4

40. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Regularly met
with about the partially cleared sections.

f2^A<A>a ^frur2Xo^ C o^aajxxL

198. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Resident,' abun-
dant in summer and sometimes in winter, though I do not think the same
birds are resident in summer and winter; breeds (July 23-30, 1893).

Septembeb Eggs. — Sandford Ritchie,
White’s Corner, Me., reports finding five
fresh eggs of the A merican Goldfinch,

Sept. 5th. 0.&o. vii. Dec. iaei7f - nrY*

f-— —

Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F. H. C.

47. Astragalinus tristis, (American Goldfinch).
Observed in all portions of the counties, but more
common in the cleared tracts than in the iorests.

They were common at our camps at Tim Pond.

I was too early for their usual time of nesting,
which occurs in July, as elsewhere in New
England.

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1886. p. 146

i

SnmmerReaidents on Southwest
Qoast of Mains, T.H, Montgomery, Jr,

529. American Goldfinch. Abundant at
Boot hbay.

Oj in-iO, is* Nbv.1890. P.ioa

Shelburne, N. H. Aug. 8 - 29 - 1805 . R. D,

t (\ aJlZ*14 - _ 'ff&i. < s*-y K^-
Ry» Beach, N. H. 1806^885. ~

y J OU^x a, x3 _^ im

Rve'Beachjl^H-Aiay 23-24 1885. ~ X '

//6 Lma 44 +*~jMi* Oa^ /

(/ {*a*4ao^~-. 7^^". -3/*“'

- ' > /

/W I.

Birds Obs. at Moultonboro, N . H.
July2i-Aug.il, 1883. F.H. Allen

Spinus tristis. — Common.

Auk, VI. Jan. , 1589. p. 78

Winter Birds of W ebster/N . H.by Falco.

Goldfinch, ( Astragalinm tristis).

O.&O. X.Jnn too =

Summer Birds of Presidential Range,
Bua w£taMta. A.P.Ohadbourne

at an altitude of about 3 ° 5 ° f ee t*

Amk t 4, April 1887. p.105

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N • _H -L 1 11-21.
'80, and June4-Aug. 1, 87. W-faxon

31. Spinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888, p.152

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and4-l 1 , *86. W. Faxon

25. Spinus tristis. G01.DFINCH.-N0t common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p .150

Birds Obs. at Bridgewater, N.H.
Julyl2-S*pt. 4, 1883. F.H. Allen

Spinus tristis — Common.

Auk, VI. Jasu. 1889. p. 77

Bds. Obs. at Franconia and Betluehem
N.H. July -August, 1874 . J.A.Ai

22. Spinus tristis. Common.

Auk. V. April, 1888. p.154

Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter ’91-951
J. H. Johnson

American Goldfinch, plenty first part of
winter.

0.&O.Vol.l7,May 1892 p. 72

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H»

1894 .

•i i G

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

I 1895.

IYojA . cvv Aj „ . ?

" v /<-/ // t o^'s 0/ ju *,3 AV

it, /* *■ 3 y * x * .* v,

" Z 7 -lb@Z 9 *-

77 . . i .. „ $w<Xi

iLuL

ejLj-iAs. I'- ■ w

<h}l f

sj

JA ~ So^ 3/®

‘jjf#

/.4

CvV'.j,, /

'6th found a nest of the G oldfinch contain-
ing four young which we
((&.(&.

O. <feO. IX.Frt.JB84,

ya b

July 26tli took a set of seven eggs of the
American Goldfinch,, and during the sea-
son several of five and six each,

O.&O. IX. Feb. 1884. p . ,7

just hatched.

lr£i.

XkJI

Hstr(x> 4 m. 'S v~tetLtAA.fl<X4j Ut IftuAytXcLa

Wk A/trO* 7 <+j-U t^LU* tyt-

&. C& • 'Jr^ect^f .

r *

6? f <> /X-^M ./^V.^-

Summer Bd s.M t. Mansfie l d, Vt l

36. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — Common in Stowe
Valley.

Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p .34Z

/n/

'kJ X. li

£\sis&CCl

Mass. ( near Cambridge).

1887

Ofv^u 6-

M<7ss. {near Ca?nbridge).

Ik'd 7 k'

4w. f * 20*

4^.4 1. A3-. //*V

L°y, Pl- 23 .fr: 7wX> .. 1/— -Z*. — . /ti^ Z^Xcx. t^TK/^. Great id.
^ at IcL M^sTp^e. 188 F

— +>-^itUaMA&stsait4jxJ * IXj.J. _ „ a.* ?* .

/W

Maes.

Mass. ( near Co?icord').

1888

APR 5^ /i-

W. Middlesex Co. Mass.

June 25-30, 1889.

S^Jotri^A b^c’x CJ i

* 6 st To #n send, Ashby , Mt. W atatic— — — Rather common,

but nowhere numerous,

Goldfinches.

Sfi

(SYlslsC/

4 (yx^A-'CZ,^

Waverly, Mass.

Goldfinches are pretty plenty (heard them sing this mornine)

Walter Faxon (letter January 13 , 1391 )„

/tft:

JUy /y* /6 /I

Fall Migration, Brist®l County, Mass.
1885. Charles H. Andros.

.Goldfinches were | noted,

O.&O. XI. Jan. 1886. p.^

Fali Migration, Brist©' County, Mass.
! 885. Charles H. Andros.

. (P; - 1

dissected a Goldfinch and found the stomach to
contain small milky seeds, probably from the fir
cones, on which they are at present feeding to a
large extent.

O.&O. XI. Jan. 1886 .™ ,

JL. &>.

COM,

'-cCl^c/,

Goldfinches,

o.&o.xi-'w [a ‘s r * 1886, ' p ' 77

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.
F.W. Andros.

Spinus tristis (Linn.), American Goldfinch.
Resident, common. Breeds.

O.&O, XII, Sept. 1887 p.I40

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

36. Spinus tristis.

Auk, V, Oct., 1888. p.389

Bds. Oh t. neir Sheffield, Berkshire

Oy, Uui June 17-36. '88. W. Faxon

3 1 ' Spinus tristis. American Goldfinch. — C ommon.

Auk, VI. Jan., 1889. p. 44

Bd». Obs. near Q»*yloc< Mi Berkshire
Co. Mass. June 28“ Jury 1C. W, Faxon

27. Spinus tristis. American
has been cleared of the forest.

Goldfinch.— Common

where the land

Auk, Tl. A$Til. 1880. p.lGO

^riA. syutAsi & Cf,.yQ, — — several sets of

A merican Gold Finch. — J. M. IF., JVoank,
Conn.

O.&O. VII. Oct. 1882. p, /<•?.

Connecticut, June, 1893,

£ /vVHa^

3 Jl f

’ r*

P * r -

X! « 2?jS> ^ J i iVf £}•*

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C.H.Memana.

59. Astragalinus tristis {Linn.) Cabanis. American Goldfinch. —
Common summer resident, breeding late — generally in July and some-
times in August.

EuU. N, O.O, 0»0ct, 1881, p, 229

Notes, Shelter Island, N.Y.

W.W. "Worthington.

the cheerful twittering of the Goldfinches ha s been heard in |
the severest weather.

O.&o. X. May, 1886. p. % 0 .

Arrivals ofMig'y Birds, Spring-1886
Central Park, N. Y. City. A. G. Paine, Jr.

March 7, Spinus tristis, (529). American Gold-
finch.

O.&O. XI. July. 1886, p. 109

Oneida County, New York
William i,, Ralph & Egbert

Spinus tristis— Messrs. Shepard and Hughes found these birds at
Remsen, Dec. 2 0 to 22, 1888. " 1

Atlk* VII, July, 1890, p, 23 /i

itx

Qj^rJjl ^ 5 ' ^ £) ,

Goldfinch. Tolerably common in flocks.

B. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.298.

Albinism and Melanism in North
American Birds* Ruthven Deane.

A white specimen of the American Goldfinch is in the collection
of Mr. J. B. Gilbert of Penn Yan, N. Y.

Bull. N. 0.0, 4, Jan., 1870. p 2a

The Singing of Birds. E.P.Bicknell.

Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch.

A wide variation in the time of the beginning of song with this
species in different years is doubtless attributable to the same ,
causes that produce like results in the case of the Purple Finch.
My records show that at any time between March 16 and April 17
it is not unusual for singing to begin. March 3 (in the preco-
cious season of 1878*) is an exceptionally early date; April 23,
1883, an exceptionally late one. In the spring and early summer
singing is likely to be inconstant ; doubtless for the reason that the
birds are not disposed to stay long at any locality when not under
the restraint of domestic duties, and while wandering about in
flocks they seem disinclined to sing.

Final songs are sung at the last of August (20th and 26th to
30th) ; though I have no record for 1881 later than August 8,
notwithstanding that the birds were present through the month ;
possibly observation was at fault.

After the close of summer their song is not again heard until
the following spring. Singing begins in the spring before the
perfect summer plumage is assumed ; but for that matter many of
the birds are to be seen even so late as mid-May with a dusky
tarnish still marring their golden coats. The Goldfinch often sings
while on the wing. Auk, I, Oct. , 1884, p, 3 •

*See a paper by the writer in ‘The Country’ for March 31, 1878, ‘On the Animal and
Vegetable Life of the Past Winter.’

Queer Occupant of a Goldfinch’s
Nest.

It was a bright winter morning, with the
thermometer dallying among the small fig-
ures, the fields white with their winter over-
coats and silence almost unbroken, not even
the chirp of a Snowbird to break the wintry
quiet, but as I passed into the street and
walked up the deserted road the depressing
stillness of nature was suddenly broken by
the lively chattering of a flock of Goldfinches
j which sprang up from the roadside at my
j approach, where they had been gathering a
: breakfast scant and dry from the tufts of
grass and weeds whose tops extended above
the snow banks that covered the ground.
There is a cheeriness and life about the con-
fused chattering of a flock of Goldfinches
that gives a charm to the bleak landscape,
though there is little in the note or the
winter garb of the bird to remind one of the
sweet song or the gaily painted songster that
scattered the down from the thistle head
last summer.

With graceful evolutions and soft and
gentle mingling of happy voices, the little
flock gathered in a tree top by the roadside,
the very same tree where a pair of their
number during the heats of last summer
built themselves a nest and essayed to rear
a family. It was a broad branching oak and
one of its far-reaching arms extended quite
over the carriage track, and there among the
dense foliage they built the beautiful nest.
Travellers in their wagons could easily have
raised themselves up and looked into it,
situated as it was in full view of every passer,
but I doubt if any one beside myself ever
observed the dark spot among the foliage.

As the birds gathered in the top of the
tree that winter’s morning I saw in bold re-
lief against the bleak landscape that little
nest still securely held in its place, defying
the storms and gales of winter and appear-
ing as sound as when I first looked into it
in the heats of last July. The Goldfinch

5 2

ugust I
of the
Id. All
)f osage

spri fppt

ORNITT es from

t’s nest-

builds a compact nest, soft, firm secure and y apple
substantial, and I have observed them out- the or-
riding sometimes the rigors of even a second finding
winter and reflecting credit on the marvel- ~ept in
lous ingenuity and skill of the architect. placed
It recalls to my mind some curious cir- ; hedge,
cumstances in the history of this nest, chiefly astened
to note which this article was penned. About js. One
two weeks after I first observed it, apparently mb and
just about completed, I essayed to look into though
it one day in passing. Pulling the branch base to
down till the nest was in easy reach I placed ition in
my hand on it, and to say I was startled but daily in
faintly expresses the feeling with which I let 0 m two
loose my grasp on the branch as a lively hade of
little animal sprang from the nest like a flash [ closely
almost into my face and thence to the ground, igments
One of those long-tailed mice that I some- appear-
times meet in the woods had ejected the Within
rightful owner and appropriated to his own \ within
use the cosy little nest. This tree stood e . An-
quite alone beside a much travelled highway, ,f a yel-
the branch on which the nest was built ex- 5 lining,
tending nearly at right angles from the trunk, j-. One
as before intimated, directly over the wagon woven

track about twenty feet from it and about
twelve feet above the roadway.

It is the strange and unexpected that sur-
prises us, and of all things to have found a
mouse in such a situation seemed the very
last thing in the last possible place. The
mouse met a well deserved fate on the spot.
The birds reared their brood in another nest
in the top of a tall chestnut tree near at hand
and the deserted nest still waves a conspic-
uous object at the end of the naked branch
over the street. John N. Clark.

Saybrook, Conn.

O.& O.Vol.18. 4r»UT 8a3

)on the
driven
an ad-
e fee]'

E. No
tan five

.11 com- , AluSXi Jaorxng,

fresh, 1 (, r Tliistlebird. J

If three 3 i re tlie companionship
iltained ie country, although it
1 more 3re - These birds make

south about the last of
ll uot r commence building

/XuJ* ^

f

0

°l

. -^erican Gol d Finche s.

&■ **** , f?ci

O.&O. IX. Oct. 1884. p. /2V.

until

it is placed in a maple tree or
Jnd is composed of thistledown
and horse hair. It is deeply hollowed; the
measurement of nest is 1 1-4 in. in width by
1 3-4 in. in depth. The nest is also very neat
and compact. The eggs, usually four in num-
ber, are of a beautiful bluish-white color, and
measure 32-48 in. by 1-2 in. As the middle of
October draws near these birds congregate in
immense flocks (at this time they live on
seeds) and depart for the south.

Q, &0, XV, fane, 1890, P*88

6 $

August Nests and Birds.

.OGIST.

Queer Occupant of a Gold
Nest.

It was a bright winter morning
thermometer dallying among the
ures the fields white with their wi
coats and silence almost unbroken
the chirp of a Snowbird to break
quiet, but as I passed into the s
walked up the deserted road the ;
stillness of nature was sudden y
the lively chattering of a flock of G
which sprang up from the roads!
approach, where they had been g
breakfast scant and dry from th
grass and weeds whose tops extern
the snow banks that covered th
There is a cheeriness and life aboi
fused chattering of a flock of G
that gives a charm to the bleak
though there is little in the no
winter garb of the bird to remind
sweet song or the gaily painted so
scattered the down from the th
last summer.

i with graceful evolutions anc
! gentle mingling of happy voices
flock gathered in a tree top by t >
the very same tree where a pai
number during the heats of las
built themselves a nest and essay
a family. It was a broad branchu
one of its far-reaching arms extei
over the carriage track, and there
dense foliage they built the bea
Travellers in their wagons could
raised themselves up and looke
situated as it was in full view of m

f

\

6 American C old Finr.i,,. ,,

ifi- <?. ■£***U/ , (?crT^w .

O.&O. IX. Oct. 18cJ'i. p. /*V.

^ During the last twenty days of August I
found and examined eighteen nests of the
^ American Goldfinch, or Thistle-bird. All
J were situated in untrimmed hedges of osage
to orange, growing from eight to fourteen feet
(^J high, and within a radius of two miles from
^ town. Other observers note this bird’s nest-
ing in orchards, especially in young apple
^ trees, but I carefully explored all the or-
chards in this neighborhood without finding
a single nest of the Goldfinch except in
r hedges. The nests were usually placed
sA about three-fourths the height of the hedge,

G'b on an obliquely ascending branch, fastened

■jJ around it and smaller outgrowing twigs. One

^ _ nest was saddled on a horizontal limb and
was not supported by smaller twigs, though
^ several thorns aided in giving a firm base to
^ the structure. There is much variation in
^ the construction of the nests, especially in
/'I the external depth, which ranges from two
to nearly four inches. One nest, made of
fine bark fibres, was well rounded and closely
woven, and covered without with fragments
\ of gossamer, which gave it a grayer appear-
ance than most of the other nests. Within
was a layer of whitish horse hair, and within
the latter was the downy bed of thistle. An-
0 ther nest contained many fibres of a yel-
lowish brown bark, had no hair in its lining,
and its cavity was larger and deeper. One
nest had much dried “ pepper-grass ” woven
into its walls. The female sitting upon the
nest is not easily alarmed, but when driven
from her home she will perch upon an ad-
jacent limb and utter the syllables “fee fee]'
oft repeated in a very plaintive tone. No
nests were found containing more than five

eggs, which seemed to be the usual full com- yf, * Lor ins',

plement. In all cases the eggs were fresh, linch or Tliistlebird.
except one set of four and another of three 3 ire tlie companionship

heavily incubated. Three nests contained ie country, although it
, , , , t ^ 3 i*e. These birds make

young recently hatched, and several more about th0 last of

nests were in various stages of construction. 5 . iiime n 0e building imti i
June. The nest is placed in a maple tree or
willow bush, and is composed of thistledown
and horse hair. It is deeply hollowed; the
measurement of nest is 1 1-4 in. in width by
1 3-4 in. in depth. The nest is also very neat
and compact. The eggs, usually four in num-
ber, are of a beautiful bluish-white color, and
measure 32-48 in. by 1-2 in. As the middle of
October draws near these birds congregate in
immense flocks (at this time they live on
seeds) and depart for the south.

Q a &0, XV, Jane, 1890, p*S3

68

August Nests and Birds.

.OGIST.

Queer Occupant of a Gold
Nest.

It was a bright winter morning
thermometer dallying among the
ures, the fields white with their wi
coats and silence almost unbroken
the chirp of a Snowbird to break
quiet, but as I passed into the i
walked up the deserted road the i
stillness of nature was suddenly
the lively chattering of a flock of G
which sprang up from the roadsi
approach, where they had been g
breakfast scant and dry from th
o-rass and weeds whose tops extern
the snow banks that covered th
There is a cheeriness and life aboi
fused chattering of a flock of G
that gives a charm to the bleak
though there is little in the no
winter garb of the bird to remind
sweet song or the gaily painted so
scattered the down from the th
last summer.

With graceful evolutions and
1 gentle mingling of happy voices
flock gathered in a tree top by t '
the very same tree where a paj
number during the heats of las
built themselves a nest and essay
a family. It was a broad branchn
one of its far-reaching arms extei
over the carriage track, and there
dense foliage they built the bear
Travellers in their wagons could
raised themselves up and looke
situated as it was in full view of er

As* iKt.if onn mrP ^

„fr T

cirl A

-X

-5C

During the last twenty days of August I
found and examined eighteen nests of the
American Goldfinch, or Thistle-bird. All
were situated in untrimmed hedges of osage
orange, growing from eight to fourteen feet
high, and within a radius of two miles from
town. Other observers note this bird’s nest-
ing in orchards, especially in young apple
trees, but I carefully explored all the or-
chards in this neighborhood without finding
a single nest of the Goldfinch except in
hedges. The nests were usually placed
about three-fourths the height of the hedge,
on an obliquely ascending branch, fastened
around it and smaller outgrowing twigs. One
nest was saddled on a horizontal limb and
was not supported by smaller twigs, though
several thorns aided in giving a firm base to
the structure. There is much variation in
the construction of the nests, especially in
the external depth, which ranges from two
to nearly four inches. One nest, made of
fine bark fibres, was well rounded and closely
woven, and covered without with fragments
of gossamer, which gave it a grayer appear-
ance than most of the other nests. Within
was a layer of whitish horse hair, and within
the latter was the downy bed of thistle. An-
other nest contained many fibres of a yel-
lowish brown bark, had no hair in its lining,
and its cavity was larger and deeper. One
st uo'poanoo ’sih Wjo TuJziuy^'Stft
jo sqqnq arp Suiujaouoo hopnuuojui jo punj
aquyut pouqu uu passassocrspi -suauipads
mqu jo qoxeas ui Xqjuooj sta ui saqsiuut
pun spooAv aqi qSnorq; SuiaWp uaas aq

4

f

6 Ame rican Gold BWhn c

O.&O. IX. Oct. 1884. p. I tY.

H

O

o

4

Bixda Tioga Co, N.j fi AidQJa Coring,

~ 181. American Goldfinch or Tliistlebird.
Common. Seems to desire the companionship
of man rather than the country, although it
is occasionally found there. These birds make
their arrival from the south about the last of
March, and do not commence building until
June. The nest is placed in a maple tree oi
willow hush, and is composed of thistledown
and horse hair. It is deeply hollowed; the
measurement of nest is 1 1-4 in. in width by
1 3-4 in. in depth. The nest is also very neat
and compact. The eggs, usually four in num-
ber, are of a beautiful bluish-white color, anti
measure 32-48 in. by 1-2 in. As the middle oi
October draws near these birds congregate in
immense flocks (at this time they live on
seeds) and depart for the south.

O, &o» Jane. i8yQ» p.©3

68

Are Spotted Eggs of the Native Gold-
finches Common?

Coues, in his “Key,” speaking of the eggs
of the American Goldfinch, says: “Normally
unmarked.” I had heard of no spotted eggs
being taken, until April 18, 1891, when I
took a set of three of the Arkansas Goldfinch,
one of which was faintly marked with cinna-
mon around the larger end. May 3, T892,

I took another set of three, one of which has
faint but numerous dots on the larger end
and others scattered irregularly over the
balance of the egg. The nest containing
these eggs was placed about four feet from
the ground in a sage bush and was substan-
tially built, being composed of bits of sage
stems and finely split grass neatly woven
together and placed in an upright crotch of
four prongs.

April 27, 189T, I discovered a new nest
of the Arkansas Goldfinch placed on top of
an old one in a sunflower bush. The top
nest contained three eggs. May 23 I took
one egg from a new nest of this species and
seven days later I took seven more from the
same nest.

This bird nests abundantly among the low
foot hills, building its nests in poison oak,
sunflower or other bushes, which grow in
abundance along the canons wherever there
is enough water to keep them alive.

I would be pleased to hear through the
“ O. & O.” from other collectors regarding
spotted eggs of the Goldfinch.

Harvey M Hall.

Riverside, Cal.

[I never saw any. — J.P.N.]

O.AO.Vol.18, F§b. 1893 p. 28

Late Breeding of the Goldfinch.

The well-known fact of an American Gold-,
finch breeding later than other birds has been'
a puzzle to ornithologists, especially as it stays-
with us all winter and doffs his summer suit as
' soon as apple blossoms unfold; few build in
northern New Jersey before the beginning of
July and later. The latter part of August and
September is the time I hear most young ones
squeaking after the old birds to be fed. On
one occasion I watched a nest of young near
my house that left the nest on the last of
September which was probably a second nest.

I need not go through the quotations from
various ornithologists as to the probable
reasons of this late breeding, such as proper
food for their young, or materials for building
their nests, etc. One thing is certain, they
are as joyful as any of the amorous birds in
spring that commence housekeeping promptly
as soon as the weather permits them. Who
has not heard the Goldfinch’s sweet notes
among the fruit tree blossoms? Often a flock
on one tree all sing together as if trying to
outsing each other. I have noticed for a num-
ber of years that after the Hood of dandelion
seed was over the Goldfinches became scarce,
too, and I began to suspect that the birds left
to follow up the flowers as the harvest ap-
proached further north, following up the
ripening seed of which they are intensely fond.
They will so eagerly alight on the roadside or
any sheltered corner where the first ripe seed
appears that they may be very closely ap-
proached, and as the seed gets plentiful many
more birds arrive, to disappear when the seed
becomes scanty. This season I made test ob-
servations and found that on the beginning of
June few Goldfinches were left; after I saw
none for two weeks; on the 20th of June I
saw two male birds, next week one or two
more; but not till July did I see little parties
of two or three males in company. It was the
middle of July before I saw any females. In
this part there are very few thistles, so I
do not think they stop for that, as some sup-
pose. The birds are quite common from July.
If some ornithologists will take observations j
farther north to track the birds it could soon
bo found whether my theory is correct.

Henry llales.

Ridgewood, N.,T.

. . > an d on “ Small' Birds [ Ulirysomitris

tnshs and Dendneca coronata ] caught by the Burdock” (p. 239), by A. K.

iisher. Atter. Naturalist, Vol.lO.Mar.

J .*. r V/ JLWCOClli-

blance in the Yellow-Bird,” Chrysomitris tristis (p. 115), by Henry Gill-

man - Amer, NafcoraUstt Yol, 10, Fata,

Young Oologist. I53S- ‘Lettuce Bird: By E. T. Adney. Ibid., p. 100 .— A name for Anlr TTii r

Spinus tristis. 1890. p. *4 ’ U ’ J * a ’

anny So.Oologist.1490. The

American Goldfinch R,r

7 By George h. Selover.

Ihid - ’ PP- 6 -7 AuU.

‘Vll.iiUi,

£1

Auk, XV, July, 1898, p p.Z3f-2.y3,
A MONTH WITH THE GOLDFINCHES.

BY MARY EMILY BRUCE.

The nesting season is nearly over and the air is full of the
voices of young birds before the Goldfinches begin to build. In
the leisurely golden time of the year, when the fields are yellow
with grain and the roadsides gay with golden-rod, the dainty pair,
in love with the summer, the sunshine, and each other, plan their
home. True to their careless, happy natures they neither hurry
nor overwork. A suitable place is chosen, the nest is built, the
eggs are laid, and the little dame sits content in the sun, while
her mate fills the air with music, as high over woods and fields he
takes his undulating flight in search of food. To watch a Gold-
finch’s home is a privilege that brightens the whole summer, and
one would like to write their story with a pen dipped in sunshine.

It was late in July before I reached the farmhouse among the
hills of Vermont where I was to spend my vacation, and I found
the orchards near the house already full of young birds. Baby

robber and murderer. I could draw my chair quite near to the
little pear tree, and the mother bird would look at me without a
shadow of alarm in her bright eyes.

It was marvelous to see how quickly she recognized the voice of
her mate in the Goldfinch chorus about her. Her neighbors in
the maple tree might come and go, and she never stirred a feather,
but a sudden quivering of the wings and a soft twittering response
would announce his approach long before I could hear his voice,
and as his song became audible to me, louder and more joyful
grew her note of welcome. He would alight in a neighboring tree,
speak to me first in a mild, questioning tone, like a pet canary
talking to his mistress, and then fly down to the nest and feed his

240

Bruce, A Month with the Goldfi?iches.

fAuk

L July

Sapsuckers flopped about in the apple trees, young Vireos were
followed here and there by anxious mothers, Catbirds uttered notes
of warning by the roadsides, and infant Flycatchers and Thrushes
regarded me with large inquiring eyes. A pair of belated Robins,
nervous and overworked, were looking after their young ones, who
were still in the nest, but for the most part family cares were over,
and my only hope of watching the home life of the birds was to
find a Goldfinch’s nest.

In vain I searched the orchard near the house. Goldfinches
flashed in and out among the branches, and sang of summer joys
over my head, but they guarded well the secret of their homes.
When I had nearly given up in despair, chance favored me, and I
happened upon the object of my search in a maple tree in front of
a neighboring farmhouse. Blessings never come singly, and just
as I was rejoicing in this treasure trove the little daughter of the
house pointed out another nest in the orchard. A third nest, also
in a maple tree, was discovered a few days later, but this was
already full of half fledged birds, and both maple tree dwellings
were too high in the branches to be easily watched.

Nothing could be better suited to my purpose than the home in
the orchard. The Goldfinches had chosen a tiny pear tree quite
close to the house, and the nest was barely four feet from the
ground. There was something very charming in the confidence
they had shown their human neighbors, and the pair won my
heart from the first by their gentle, trustful ways. It was a satis-
faction to watch a nest for once where I was not treated like a
robber and murderer. I could draw my chair quite near to the
little pear tree, and the mother bird would look at me without a
shadow of alarm in her bright eyes.

It was marvelous to see how quickly she recognized the voice of
her mate in the Goldfinch chorus about her. Her neighbors in
the maple tree might come and go, and she never stirred a feather,
but a sudden quivering of the wings and a soft twittering response
would announce his approach long before I could hear his voice,
and as his song became audible to me, louder and more joyful
grew her note of welcome. He would alight in a neighboring tree,
speak to me first in a mild, questioning tone, like a pet canary
talking to his mistress, and then fly down to the nest and feed his

Vol. XVI
1898 J

Bruce, A Month 'with the Goldfinches.

24I

mate. After the dainty meal was finished they would talk
together for a moment before he left her for another flight into
the big sunshiny world. Life in this miniature home was very
sweet and harmonious, and the golden bird in the tiny tree
with its treasure of a nest made a charming picture.

For the next four weeks I visited the orchard daily. They
were quiet hours I spent there, but there was no lack of enter-
tainment. For music the Field Sparrows sang to me their
simple, plaintive songs, and from far up on the hills I could
sometimes hear the chant of the Hermit Thrush. A pair of
Chipping Sparrows in a neighboring apple tree were bringing up
their only child with quite as much solicitude as if they were bur-
dened with a large family. They were a striking contrast to the
serene and happy Goldfinches, but, plain little brown folks as
they were, I enjoyed watching them. Sometimes young Warblers,
looking strangely unlike their parents, visited the orchard, or a
bevy of Crows from a maple grove near by, disturbed by a pass-
ing Hawk, startled me out of my day dreams. I wondered if the
little Goldfinch had as many resources as I, or if the hours seemed
long to her. Perhaps she too dreamed day dreams and listened
to the music of nature. She seldom left the nest, though I
occasionally startled her off by some sudden movement, when she
reproached me for my carelessness in the sweetest of voices.

When I first looked into the nest there were six eggs, white,
with faintest tinge of blue, and pretty enough to satisfy any bird
mother, but my little girl friend had told me that there were but
two eggs laid when the bird began to sit, and I was curious
to know whether there would not be a marked difference in the
age of the young ones. After two week’s patient waiting the
little mother and I were rewarded by finding among the pretty
eggs a very ugly birdling. On my afternoon visit there were
three little birds, the next day four, and on the day following I
counted five heads. By this time the mother did not sit con-
stantly on the nest, but cunningly tucked the remaining egg under
the little birds and went on short excursions into the country.
Whether the young ones did not do their duty, or whether it was
another instance of the survival of the fittest I cannot tell, but
when the oldest nestling was five days old I again counted heads

l6

70

242

Bruce, A Month with the Goldfinches.

TAuli

LJuiy

and there were only four. The youngest child and the sixth egg
had both disappeared, and I decided that in the struggle for
existence the older birds must have had too great an advantage
in point of time. As it was, the nest seemed hardly large enough,
and the four had a comical fashion of lying with their long necks
stretched out and their heads hanging over the edge, their eyes
half closed and their mouths wide open as if gasping for air.
Certainly uglier birdlings never gladdened the hearts of deluded
parents.

For the first week they showed little intelligence. At the noise
of a passing wagon four mouths would open as quickly as at the
sound of the mother.’s voice, and they greeted me in the same
ravenous manner. I responded by trying to feed them with
crushed plantain seed, but though they opened their bills to
receive the morsel, the experiment was not very successful. It
would take the eye of faith to see in these atoms of birdhood the
potential grace and beauty of a mature Goldfinch, and I sometimes
fancied that the mother herself had doubts about them, for she
would stand pensively on the edge of the nest in her visits to the
home tree and look unutterable things. The little birds were
fed very slowly and thoroughly about once an hour, sometimes
by the father, sometimes by the mother. Possibly the par-
ents came oftener during my absence, but from the time the
sitting was over I saw them less and less frequently, though I
was sometimes greeted on my arrival by a note of inquiry from
the tree tops. I hope I proved myself worthy of the confidence
placed in me. I did not sit too near the nest, and by moving
quietly and speaking softly I tried, in my poor human fashion, to
become a fit associate for my gentle friends. Though so seldom
fed, the little ones seemed to thrive on fresh air and sunshine.
Stretching matches and other gymnastics were practised daily,
pretty feathers gradually appeared, and by the time they were ten
days old they were bonny birdlings resembling their mother.
From her they had inherited gentle manners and soft voices, for
it was at that early age that they began to talk. They no longer
mistook me for a parent bird, but seemed fond of me, trying to
swallow the bits of hard boiled egg I offered them, and show-
ing no fear when I took them out of the nest.

When they were nearly two weeks old I visited the orchard

2 43

Vo l' Bruce, A Month with the Goldfinches.

1090 J

every morning before breakfast, expecting each day to find my
birdlings flown, but it was not until the sixteenth day that the
event occurred for which I had been waiting.

On this morning I was more grieved than surprised to find only
two little birds left in the nest. I spent the entire morning in the
orchard, waiting to see the remaining birdlings take flight. It
seemed to be the policy of the parents to induce them to come
out for something to eat, for they were not once fed during this
time. I offered them morsels of egg, but they paid little heed to
me. They were restless, and I saw that the old home and old
friends had lost all charm for them. Suddenly while I watched,
one of the two birdlings scrambled onto the edge of the nest,
balanced himself for a moment, and then flew straight into the
nearest apple tree. From this vantage ground he looked down
into the tiny pear tree home that had once seemed all the world to
him, and called back to his little brother that he had found a
larger and greener world than that. The baby in the nest seemed
half inclined to follow him, but at each attempt after much flutter-
ing of the wings he would slip back into the old place. Presently
the mother came with a morsel of food for the brave little bird in
the tree, but no attention was paid to the pleading cry of his lazy
brother, and very soon the venturesome young one found the use
of his wings so pleasant and the food she offered him so tempting
that he followed her across the orchard into the fields beyond.

On my afternoon visit the poor little coward was still in the
nest, apparently very hungry and teasing incessantly. He may
have thought that he was forgotten, — and I confess that I had
fears of this myself, — when late in the afternoon, brighter than a
gleam of sunshine, doubtless, to the waiting bird, came the father
to the nest. Only this encouragement was needed, the little fellow
was not to be left alone again ; in a moment he was standing on
a tiny twig above the nest, there was another moment of balanc-
ing and indecision, and then taking heart he too flew across to
the friendly apple tree. He was rewarded by the instant appear-
ance of his mother who had doubtless waited for this evidence of
courage on the part of her youngest darling. She first gave him
a hearty meal, and then flew from tree to tree towards the fields
beyond. My birdling followed her in pretty, undulating, Gold-
finch fashion, and I was left alone in the orchard.

Auk, XVI Jan., 1899, pp 79-9 o

On the Genus Astragalinus Cabanis. — When Cabanis established the
genus Astragalinus (Mus. Hein. I, July, 1851, 159) he mentioned no
type, but ranged under the generic name A. tristis, A. mexicanus , and A.
columbianus , and in a footnote mentions also A. pistacinus and A. yarrelli
“ as the nearest relatives of the type of the genus,” which must, therefore
have been one of the above mentioned species. In the catalogue of the
Fringillidae in the collection of the British Museum (Cat. Birds Brit.
Mus. XII, 1888, 192), Dr. Sharpe gives the type as Fringilla tristis Lin-
naeus; and that he is correct in doing so is proven by the fact that the
only one of the three species named by Cabanis to be made the type of
another supposed genus is Fringilla f salt r in Say (nonspecific with
Carduelis mexicanus Swainson), which Cassin, fourteen years later,
designated as type of his subgenus Pseudomitris (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila. 1865, 93). This clearly establishes Fringilla tristis as the type
of the genus Astragalinus , even were F. psaltria (with its subspecies
mexicanus and columbianus ) generically distinct, which they are not.
Carduelis lawrencei Cassin is also an Astragalinus, and the only known
species of the genus not mentioned by Cabanis. The genus is confined,
so far as known, to North America, one form barely entering the northern
frontier of the southern continent. This is A si rag a linns psa liria Colum-
biana, which ranges from Colombia to Costa Rica. Carduelis yarrelli
Audubon, which Cabanis, in the footnote cited above, refers to Astraga-
linus is a Spinus, as are all other purely South American species, as well
as all of those peculiar to Mexico and Central America (excepting, of
course, the subspecific forms of Astragalinus psaltria).

The North American species and subspecies of Astragalinus are as
follows : —

529. Astragalinus tristis (Linn.).

A. [ stragalinus ] tristis Cabanis, Mus. Ilein. I, July, 1851, 159.

52917. Astragalinus tristis pallidus (Mearns).

529 b. Astragalinus tristis salicamans (Grinnell).

Spinus tristis salicamans Grinnell, Auk, XIV, Oct. 1897, 397.

Geog. Dist. — Pacific coast district of United States.

530. Astragalinus psaltria (Say).

Astragalinus psaltria Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Ill Aug. 27,
1880, 177.

530m Astragalinus psaltria arizonae (Coues).

Astragalinus psaltria arizonce Riugway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Ill,
Aug. 27, 1880, 177.

530A Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus (Swains. ).

Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Ill,
Aug. 27, 1880, 177.

531. Astragalinus lawrencei (Cassin).

Astragalinus lawrenceii Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Ill, Aug. 27,
1880, 177.

The remaining species ranged under Spinus in the A. O. U. Check-List
should remain in that genus. — Robert Ridgway, Washington, D. C.

£j i vi o -£
Ca nnc^b

i'K

P°^A- //, r#p^J <&~4-b-

<W v xy rs^,, /9y, ^ ^

R pf 5 '- Li fl 0t , a Eubopean Linnet.- Two specimens were

seen m a flock of English Sparrows in January, 1890 by Mr Wm Loan
who took one alive. This bird was identified by Mr. Ernest Seton who
says, The question how the birds came here is not easily answered for
this could not have been a cage bird escaped, as its breast still bore the rosy
tinge that is so soon lost in captivity/' 1

1 Transactions Canadian Institute, I, 1889-90, 16.

The European Linnet in Westchester County, N. Y. — Several years
ago — in the late autumn or early winter of 1 S 94 — I secured an adult female
European Linnet ( Acanthis cannabina), at Scarboro’, N. Y., two miles
south of Sing Sing. The bird was shot from the top of a maple tree, in a
field about a mile east of the Hudson River. For several days previous
to this I had frequently seen and heard in the region a small flock of very
peculiar Linnets, which were undoubtedly of the same species, as I several
times saw them at short range. There were about five in all, two or three
being red-breasted, russet-backed males. They were most often seen
alone, but not infrequently associated with flocks of American Goldfinches.

As far as I remember, the female was, when shot, the only Linnet
among several Goldfinches, and the other Linnets were not seen thereafter.
The bird secured was in bright, unworn plumage, and this fact, combined
with that of the presence of others of the species, makes it unlikely that
it was an escaped cage-bird. It was identified by Dr. Allen and Mr.
Chapman, and is preserved in my father’s collection.

So far as I know, this species has not been introduced into this country,
though it is always possible for such birds to fly aboard trans Atlantic
liners at sea, and stay with them to the end of the voyage. It is probably
by this means that most of the stray European land birds get to Aiherica,
and vice versa.

Dr. Marcus S. Farr, of the New York State Museum, advises me to
record this occurrence in ‘The Auk,’ even at this late date. — Gerald H.
Thayer, Monadnock, N. H. Alik, 2CVII, Oct., 1000,

Birds of Upper St, John,
B&tchelder.

43- Chrysomitris piuus (m/s.) B-fi. Pi NE Finch _ • ,,

in Mr ' H ‘ A ' PU, ' die t£ilS me tHat - ° b — ed « at Houston

BnU, K.0.0, 7, July, 1882, p.148

Birds within Ten Miles of Point
do Monts, Gun, ComeauA! Syrian

32. Chrysomitris pinus. Pine Linnet. — Generally common, but
somewhat irregular.

Bull, N, 0.0. 7, Oct, X882, p, 235

Last Dates Migratory Birds observed by
B. D . Win tie, Falll885, Montreal, Can.

iPC/t- /)f. Pinc'Linnet,; , _

Alus t- tMi.cc*AA-ln^(x/Ac/

sUvu.. r /

O.&O. XI.Mar,1886.p. W

Summer Bds. Bestigouche Valley, N.B.

July, ’33. J. Brittain and P.Cox, Jr.

Spinus pinus. Pine Finch.— This species has heretofore been regard-
ed as only a casual summer resident, but we found it qu.te common
especially about lumber camps and anglers’ quarters where flocks of lento
fifteen were often seen. It is very tame.

Ault, VI. April, 1889. p .118

Birds of Magdalen islands.

Dr. L.B. Bishop.

39. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.— One of the most abundant birds
until July 10. They finish breeding before the first of July, and by the
twelfth most of them have left the islands.

AtK. VI. April, 1889. p.148

Allen, Summer Birds Bras d’Or Region

Spinus pinus. — A few observed.

Auk, 8 , April. 1891 . p. iq 5

Dwight, Summer Birds of
prince Edward Island.

Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. — It surprised me to meet with this species
but once — a male at Souris. Dissection showed the bird to be breeding.

Auk X, Jan, 1893, p.ll

Some Winter Birds of 'Nova ; cotia.

By C, H. Morrell.

21. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. — Small flocks were occasionally
seen at Shulee and River Hebert in December. None were seen at Parr s-
boro. When I returned to River Hebert in March I found them by far
the most abundant bird. There were thousands scattered throughout
the spruces all along the shore, not in large flocks, but quite evenly dis-
tributed over many square miles of woodland. They were in full son«
and from sunrise until sunset their lisping notes were constantly heard.
On the 16th of March while at Christie’s camp I saw a bird gathering
material and by watching her soon located the nest. The female alone
carried material, the male accompanying her to and from the nest, sing-
ing constantly. A very short stop was made at the nest. Evidently
some material was accumulated before it was arranged. A day or two
after finding the nest I went to Shulee, so had no opportunity to again
visit the nest until the 29th, when I left Shulee early in the morning,
going to Two Rivers and thence through ’the woods to the camp. At
this date the ground was mostly covered with snow in the woods, though
it was rapidly melting. I found the nest completed. The bird refused
to leave the nest until I was nearly within reach; she remained near,
several times returning to the eggs for a moment. The nest was placed
well out toward the end of a limb of a spruce tree, 27 feet above the
ground. It was saddled on the limb and radiating twigs but not attached
to them. Considering the size of the bird, it is quite large, rather flat
and bears no resemblance to nests of Spinus tristis , measuring as follows :
height, 1.63 inches; depth, .75 ; outside top diameter, 4 inches; inside top
diameter 2 inches. It is constructed mainly of dark pendulous tree-moss,
with some fulvous bark from weed-stalks, plant-down, usnea, and other
mosses. About the bottom of the nest is woven a few spruce twigs. The
lining is entirely the pendulous moss. It contained four eggs but
slightly incubated. These have a pale blue ground color, slightly
darker than eggs of Spinus tristis, somewhat sparingly marked about
the larger end with pale purplish and a few dots of brownish black. The
eggs measure respectively, .66 X .50, .66 X .46, .63 X .49, .63 X 48, inches.

Auk, XVI, July, 1899, pp.XS'Z- 3.

Newfoundland Notes. A Trip up tie
Humber l iver, Aug, 10 - Sept, 24, 1889.

j 6 . Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. — Large flocks seen commonly.

Houis H, Porter, New Cork Ci
Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p. ?Z,

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

65. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.— Rather rare. Occasionally I
noticed a few with the Redpolls before we passed the tree line.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.29.

W". hi^J-ntrU- e-

• ' •' ‘.ay' ... .cr; , ; rS

Spinus pinus. Pine Finch. — This species, like the Redpolls, is so
erratic in movements, that one can never know whether or not it will
occur during the winter season, yet it is during the winter that we are
most sure of its presence. They feed largely upon the fruit of the yellow
birch and cedar.

Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p.

t^l^UnZX^ (W,/,
r**J: / U */^(Xaac^

C^A^,y }}c~.,f9otfi.z

<=t<

199. Spinus pinus. Pine Finch. — Irregular winter resident, some-
times ' abundant October 2 to March 23. Siskins bred in Wellington
County, at Guelph and Mount Forest, in April and May, 1905. 1
, Auk , xxii, 1905 . 415; Ontario Natural Science Bulletin, II, 1906, 1718.

7 S

Pine Linnet, (Chrysomitris pinus). During the
early Spring months of last year this little bird
was very plentiful with us, every tree seemed full
of them, and they rivaled our most abundant
birds, such as the sprightly little Snowbird, in
numbers. This year they are ‘conspicuous by
their absence.’

O.&O. X, June. 1885. p.

Birds of Dead Biver Region, Me. F.H. G.

48. Chrysomitris pinus, (Pine Pinch). The only
recorded observation of this species is a small
flock which remained about the camps at Seven
Ponds, for nearly a week in September ; a long
time for such a restless bird.

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1886. p. 146

‘fte House, N. H. Aug. 1*12-1867.

/■ -f ^-L/A-a. c?V\A~ J'fc-K. lAJ&O-cCs ^CC ^<jty r 3 1

~. ^ /

do^'ZZ Rye Beach, N.H. 1870.

Bunu*»r Bird* of Presid«ntial Range,
White Mts. A. P, Ohadbourne

22. Spinus pinus. Pink Siskin. — A few were heard in the woods
near the Half-way House on July 12, and again on July 26, 1884; and one
was seen in August of the same year near Hermit Lake (altitude, 4100 feet).
Not found in 1886.

Aak t 4 , April 1887, p.105

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H. June 11-21
’86, and June4-Aug. 1,’87, W. Faxon

32. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin. — Common in June, 1S86.

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.152

Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter ’91 -93
J, H. Johnson

Pine Finches, very plenty.

0,*O.Vol.l7,May 1892 p. 72

Breezy Point, W arren, N.H«

1894 ,

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First Arrivals C. O. Tracy. Tafteville, Vt.
O.&O. Vlll. Sept. 18*3 p?i

ft JL<SUij

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(oAU /* 4 -fa. /Wv,

Feeding Habits of the Pine Siskin. — Mrs. W. C. Horton, president
of the Brattleboro, Vt., Bird Club (a branch of the American Society of
Bird Restorers), and a member of this Society’s patrol, reports that on
April 14 of this year, Pine Siskins \Spinus pinus') were observed feeding
on the seeds of cones in a pine grove near her Brattleboro home. Two
young Siskins were also noted, apparently just out of the nest. These
youngsters were assiduously fed by at least one of the parents, but with
■what was not clear. Several feedings occurred and between them the
parent procured no visible supply of food. To the observers it seemed
highly probable that the feeding was done by regurgitation. — Fletcher
Osgood, Boston, Mass. Auk, XVII, July, 1900, p. 3.?,?,

Summer Bds.Mt, Mansfield, Vt.

37. Spmus pinus. Pine Siskin. — Three or four observed in the
small spruces near the summit of the mountain. They were quite
unsuspicious, allowing me to approach within a few feet of them.

by Arthur H. Howell.

Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.342.

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'O-A*'* - '

NOTES ON SOME OF THE WINTER BIRDS OF
MASSACHUSETTS.

BY HERBERT K. JOB.

It has been my privilege for several years past to enjoy many
opportunities for observing the habits of the birds found in
Eastern Massachusetts, and being less engaged during the winter
season than at other times, I have been enabled to become rather
better acquainted with the birds found then than with those
seen at other times. Last winter (1882-83) was quite interest-
ing as regards its feathered creatures, and it is my purpose in this
article to refer to such of our visitors during that season as may
be of interest to the readers of the Bulletin, and also to give
some notes relative to past seasons.

All collectors in this section must have noticed how promptly
most of our winter birds arrived last year ; so, although my
subject is winter birds, I shall have to begin back as early as
October. The nth of that month brought immense flocks of
Pine Finches , some flocks containing as many as three hundred
individuals. They remained mostly in localities where cone-
bearing evergreens grew more or less plentifully, and were
abundant until early in November, when they suddenly dis-
appeared. A few scattering ones were seen in February, but
scarcely any until a short time since, when quite a number ap-
peared in my garden in Roxbury, feeding invariably in a small row
of larch trees. Many of them were single birds, and none were
seen in parties of more than three or four. A number were shot,
but others kept coming. This was May 8 to 11 inclusive,
since which time no more have appeared.

Bull. N.O.-O, 8, July. 188S, p. / V 7-

Bda. Obs. 'ear 0r*ylock Mr Berkshire
Oo. Mass. jUU*^8-JulylG. W. Faxon

28. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.— On the morning of July 16 a few
Siskins were seen near the old Adams path on Graylock, about 3000 feet
above the sea.

Auk, Vi. April, 1889. p.100

Some Additions to the List of Birds
of Bristol County, Mass.

BY C. L. PHILLIPS, DIGHTON, MASS.

Pine Finch ( Chrysomitris pinus). Seen in
severe winters. I have taken a great many at
various times; they are usually found breeding
on birch trees.

Spinus ninus .

tVu-eowv

Skin no. 30456 in the Brewster Collection
was found by Walter Deane sitting on the edge
of a flower pot in the pond by the Museum in
the P.M. It sat on a perch on his table for
an hour and a half and then died. When he took
it up and carried it into his room it made no
resistance whatever.

Winter Birds at Newton Highlands, Massachusetts. — We are

enjoying a remarkable flight of winter birds seldom seen here. Already

(December 4, 1916) Siskin’s ( Spinus pinus), Acadian Chickadees ( Pen -
thestes hudsonicus littoralis), Redpolls ( Acanthis linaria linaria ) American
and white-winged Crossbills ( Loxia curvirostra minor and L. leucoptera),
Pine Grosbeaks ( Pinicola enucleator leucura), Evening Grosbeaks ( Hesperi -
phona vespertina vespertina), Snow Buntings ( Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis),
Snowy Owl ( Nyctea nyctea), and Rough-legged Hawks ( Archibuteo lagopus
sancti-johannis) are here, many of them in much greater abundance than
for many years. — Mrs. George H. Mellen, Newton Highlands, Mass.

■ XXXIV.^cm. I9/7, 97,-93,

Other uncom-
mon movements of birds have been a very
large number of Pine Finches in October,

i.yt- l/»y f&tru**.

O.&O? Vlli. Oct. 1883. p. *0

Birds of the Adirondack Region
C.H.Memam.

60. Chrysomitris pinus ( Wilson ) Bonap. Pine Linnet; Siskin. —
An irregular visitor ; sometimes breeding in vast multitudes, and during
other seasons not seen at all.

Ball N.O.O, O.Oot, 1882, p, 239

Pine Pinches were abundant here in the
Fall. Mr. Worthington secured sixteen at
one shot. Some small boys killed two. — •

Moses B. Griffinq , Shelter Island, N. Y.

r\ S-r rs -cr'n-L ’ ' m 1RR3 rriA-

Arrivals of Mig’y Bird*, Spring-1886 ,
Central Park, N. Y. City. A. G. Paine, Jr.

March 13, Spinus pinus , (533). Pine Siskin. |

-r . v-’ • v 1/ '}■/ 5 ' .

O.&a- Via U -af . 1883 . p.^

An interesting Flight of Pine Finches. — A. recent letter from John
athan Dwight, Jr., of New York, contains the following interesting note
which I have his permission to publish.

“When at Monti cello (New York), early in October, I saw several small
flocks of Pine Finches ( Chrysomitris pinus'). At Fort Hamilton, on Octo-
ber 21, their numbers were phenomenal. There were hundreds, and per-
haps thousands, in flocks of from a dozen to sixty or seventy. A curious
fact is that when we first saw them — about nin e o’ clock A. M. — every flock
was flying in a north-westerly direction, at a short distance from the shore,
and all kept on without stopping as far as we could watch them. Mr. De
L. Berier, who was with me, had never met with the species before. By
posting ourselves in their line of flight we secured as many as we wanted.
One shot brought down four and a Goldfinch (C. tnstis ). there being a
few of the latter occasionally mingled with them. Later in the day we
found C. pinus everywhere, usually feeding in corn-fields. They were
equally abundant on the 22nd, but their morning flight was not repeated.
The weather on the 21st was fair; on the 22nd, threatening rain. I can
think of no satisfactory explanation of this mysterious migration, unless
it be that the birds were intending to cross the Narrows; but if so, why
did they not stop?” — William Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.

Bull N.O.O, 8, Jan, 1833. p, ■

Oneida County, New York.,
William L, Ralph & Egbert Bag®

Spinus pinus. — Messrs. Shepard and Hughes found these birds in large
numbers near Remsen April 4 to 9, 1889, apparently mated and preparing
to nest, but a careful search a week or two later failed to find them.

&Uk« TIL July, 1890, p. &9t-

°f2

Auk, XIV, July, 1897, p, 3 xo,

Spring Molt in Spinus pinus. — In a paper published in the Proceedings
of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 1896, p. 141, I stated
that so far as I could judge from available material the Pine Finch had
no spring molt. A series of specimens taken at West Chester, Chester
Co., Pa., in May, 1897, by Dr. T. II. Montgomery shows, however, that
quite an extensive renewal of the feathers occurs at this season. It of
course does not extend to the remiges and rectrices. As m3' former state-
ment was liable to be misleading, I take this opportunity to correct it. —
Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.

Vol. XVIII

1901

]

General Notes.

203

Notes on the Moulting of Spinus pinus and of Hirundo erythrogaster.

— In the January ‘ Auk,’ Mr. Stone has so pleasantly reviewed my paper
on 1 The Plumages and Moults of the Passerine Birds of New York,’ that
it is evident we are in complete accord as to the facts and conclusions
which we have each reached working along independent lines. There
are, however, two species, the Pine Finch and the Barn Swallow, about
which there is yet a word to be said. Mr. Stone appears to be correct in
claiming a prenuptial moult in the Pine Finch , but it is ordinarily so
extremely limited that I considered it as the irregular renewal, found in
spring in so many species, which scarcely deserves the name of a distinct
moult. Two of Mr. Stone’s Pennsylvania birds taken in May show more
evidence of growth of new feathers about the head and throat, and even
of new tertiaries, than I would have suspected from the other mate-
rial I have studied. The re-examination of nearly 150 specimens, taken
every month in the year, shows that birds of April, May and June are
exceedingly worn. Among seven April and eleven May specimens, I
find so little evidence of the growth of a few new feathers, and only on
the throat, that Mr. Stone’s specimens which I have examined are indeed
a surprise to me, and suggest unusual precocity. As, however, this
species is subject to a considerable amount of wear, it is probable that it
belongs with those species having a very limited first prenuptial moult
which is not repeated a second year, and the wear, quickly affecting the
new feathers, obliterates evidences of moult.

Vaa-J

III, April., 1901, p* X.°3 ,

The Singing of Birds. E.P.Bicknell,

Chrysomitris pinus. Pine Linnet.

In his record of the nesting at Sing-Sing, N. Y., in 1883, of
the Pine Linnet (Bull. N. O. C., Vol. VIII, No. 3, p. 180, July,
1883), Dr. A. K. Fisher has told us that the bird was in full song
after May 8. The species undoubtedly nested at Riverdale the
same season, although no nest was discovered, and in early May
it was often heard in song. This year they are again with us,
and singing at the end of March. Their best efforts issue in a
confusion of somewhat hard and hurried notes, tending to degen-
erate into a chatter.

Mr. Jonathan Dwight, Jr., has favored me with some interest-
ing personal observations on this species, showing that in the
spring of 1883, when it bred in the Hudson Valley, it was also
common on parts of Long Island. At Rockaway, and at Cypress
Hills Cemetery, Mr. Dwight saw them and heard them singing
at different times between March 15 and May 2. He speaks of
their song as a “soliloquizing gabble, interspersed with a pro-
longed wheeze — a prolongation of their usual note while flying.”
This hoarse note sometimes sounds much like a common note of
the English House Sparrow. Before it was familiar to me it
was with no little surprise that I heard at Big Moose Lake, deep
in the Adirondack Wilderness, a bird-note so suggestive of city
streets.

Auk, I, Oct., 1884. p. 32 %~ 329

9 ^

Nesting of Chrysomitris pinus at Sing Sing, N. Y. — The first of
last of October, Pine Finches were first seen by us, in this locality, indi-
viduals and small flocks flying over uttering their characteristic and not
unpleasant note. By the middle of the month they became common,
frequenting the stubble and potato fields, feeding on the seeds of the
ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisice/olia). Immense flocks, containing hun-
dreds, were often seen. After the middle of December most of these
flocks disappeared, a few individuals mixing in with the Redpolls and
Goldfinches. About April 20 they began to reappear, and on May 8 I
heard a song new to me; following in the direction, I found it to be that
of the Pine Finch. The following week the birds were often seen, and
their song frequently heard.

May 16 I saw one busily feeding on the buds of the Norway spruce.
Now and then he would stop feeding, hop to the end of a twig, shake out
his feathers, raise his crest, and then burst forth in song. While watch-
ing him and thinking of the probability of a nest near, he flew a short
distance and alighted on the top of a red cedar ( Juniperus virginiana ),
where he was immediately joined by his mate, her bill containing a quan-
tity of soft, down-like material. After a moment’s hesitancy, she settled
down into a half completed nest. After depositing the materials for the
nest, the female would fly away for more, the male would follow her as
far as the Norway spruce above mentioned, where he would await her
return ; and as soon as she reappeared he would accompany her to the
nest, and alight on the top of the tree, but in no way assisting in gathering
material or in the construction of the nest. On May 25 I secured the
nest. It was situated about two feet from the top of the tree, and about
twenty-four from the ground. It contained four nearly fresh eggs. The
nest proper, or outside part, is a frail affair, the lining making up the
bulk of the nest. The outer part is made of fine twigs from the Norway
spruce, loosely placed together, a few rootlets and pieces of string being
interwoven. The lining is very compact, made up of hemp-like material,
horse hairs, bits of thread, feathers, rootlets, and. like substances. The
nest measures eight centimeters in breadth by five centimeters in depth ;
the cavity five centimeters by three centimeters in depth. The ground
work of the eggs is of a light blue green, the spots, which are numerous
and somewhat confluent on the larger end, are of a light brown lilac color.
A few large and solitary spots of dark brown are dispersed sparingly
over the greater part of the egg, dimishing in size towards the smaller
end. One egg was unfortunately broken ; the others measure as follows :
124 X 16 millimeters, 124 X i 64 mm., 12 X 17mm. — A. K. Fisher, M.D.,
Sing Sing , N. Y.

Bali Ni 0. 0, 8, July, 1883, p, f&O.

/fry ; XXll.

It

' TXjLtrO 6-erZZZ ^LA AAwC) J

^ 7 * Jlu^ /6 / tkry J

The Pine Finches, which from their remain-
ing so long led me to think they would nest
here, departed on the 27 th of May.

Chas. C. Trembly.

Utica, N. Y.

Q.&Q> 004,1890. p, /&

The Pine Siskin Breeding at Guelph, Ontario. — During the past
winter (1904-1905) the Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) was abundant in the
vicinity of Guelph, Ont. After the middle of April no flocks were noted
but they were still commonly seen in pairs or groups of three or four
individuals.

All through May they were common and were breeding throughout the
county of Wellington. Some ten nests were found, all in white spruces,
black spruces, or balsams.

The first nest for Central Ontario was found in Guelph on May 7, 1905,
by Mr. F. Norman Beattie (Bull. Mich. Orn. Club, Vol. VI, Nos. 1-2).
Our only previous Ontario records were for the vicinity of Ottawa where
Mr. Sarneau has taken seven nests. — A. B. Klugh, Guelph , Ont.

'-.ok, XXII, Oca, 1806 , firmer.

1SS7.I Allen, Nesting of the Pine Finch in Southern New York. 2 8 Cj

ation, and after the second day I noticed that nothing seemed to be
added to the structure, and my fears that they had abandoned it
proved true. Still the birds were about, and the female was
often observed with bits of nest-material in her bill. A little
patient watching disclosed the fact that a new nesting-site had
been chosen, — this time the extremity of an upper branch of a
neighboring Norway pine, about thirty-five feet from the ground,
and about the same distance from the much frequented piazza of
the house. As it was on the side of the tree toward the house,
and nearly on a level with the windows of my room, I had a fine
opportunity of watching the industrious little architects, although
the nest itself was completely hidden from view by the dense
pine needles in which it was placed.

of this series. We reached Tarpon 'Springs ea’ny’ofi’' rjarrudy
morning. As a result of this five weeks’ cruise I had collected
in all about two hundred and fifty birds, which have already been
spoken of in detail.

At Tarpon Springs I learned that J. H. Batty was at Trouble
Creek, a point six miles north of here, and later the men who
had killed birds for him there, told me that he bought all the
birds they could kill for him, except White Ibises. These included
the more common of the smaller land birds, which were appar-
ently as desirable as the water species. He took all Hawks and
Owls, and also the Florida Quail. The prices paid for these
birds in the flesh ranged from ten cents up to as high as seventy-
five cents, and even a dollar for some kinds, such as the Great
Blue Heron.

The facts I have presented in these papers have been mainly
derived from my personal observation, and I have carefully
avoided giving any information supplied from outside sources
unless I felt sure that it was to be relied upon.

It is scarcely necessary to draw any conclusions or inferences.
This great and growing evil speaks for itself. I have the name
and addresses of some fifty dealers in various towns in Florida
and the principal cities of the country. Merchants in New York
and other centres are buying every month the skins and plumes
of Florida birds. The price paid for such material, notwithstand-
ing the efforts made to create sympathy for the birds, and a feeling
against using the feathers for hats and other decorative purposes,

. . IS

THE PINE FINCH ( SPIN US PINUS) BREEDING AT
CORNWALL-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.

BY J. A. ALLEN.

On April 20. 1887, I went to Cornwall-on-Hudson, Orange
Co., N. Y., where I remained till May 12, making my home at
the residence of Mr. Daniel Taft. The house is in the midst of
a lawn of several acres in extent, well set with fruit and shade
trees, overlooking the Hudson.

On the day of my arrival a small flock of Pine Finches, busily
hunting food in the pines . and spruces, attracted my attention,
but as the season was late and the weather still cold it was not,
of course, a noteworthy occurrence. They continued to haunt
the vicinity for several days, when all disappeared except a sin-
gle pair. On the morning of May 3, I was surprised to see one
of the birds gathering material for a nest. She was easily traced
to the lower branch of a Norway pine, scarcely thirty feet from
the piazza, and almost within reach of a little summer house
overrun with a wisteria vine. The site chosen for the nest was
the extremity of the branch, about eight or ten feet from the
ground, and well concealed. Several times the little builder
carried material to the nest while I was sitting in the arbor, al-
most within reach of it. Although I afterward carefully kept
away, the birds seemed not fully satisfied with the exposed situ-

1SS7.] Allen, Nesting of the Pine Finch in Southern New York. 28 $

ation, and after the second day I noticed that nothing seemed to be
added to the structure, and my fears that they had abandoned it
proved true. Still the birds were about, and the female was
often observed with bits of nest-material in her bill, A little
patient watching disclosed the fact that a new nesting-site had
been chosen, — this time the extremity of an upper branch of a
neighboring Norway pine, about thirty-five feet from the ground,
and about the same distance from the much frequented piazza of
the house. As it was on the side of the tree toward the house,
and nearly on a level with the windows of my room, I had a fine
opportunity of watching the industrious little architects, although
the nest itself was completely hidden from view by the dense
pine needles in which it was placed.

One of the birds, presumably the female, did all the work,
but was escorted to and from the nest by the male, who further
manifested his interest and joy by a profusion of Canary-like
t-xee-e-ts and other peculiarly sweet and pleasing notes. Later
the birds were more silent and much less frequently seen ; —
it was evident that incubation had begun. Here was certainly a
prize, which, in view of all the circumstances, it seemed hardly
right to ignore ; for the nests and eggs of the Pine Finch are by
no means easy to discover, are still rare in collections, and the
breeding of the species so far south of its usual summer home a
noteworthy event ; yet it required no slight struggle with tender
feelings to decide to break up the happy home, even in behalf
of science, and of the museum whose ornithological interests I
may be supposed to have deeply at heart.

On May 12 I enlisted the services of my young nephew, R. T.
Swezey, who kindly ascended to the nest on a. tour of observation,
finding, as was anticipated, a full clutch and the female sitting.
She remained on the nest till his hand touched the branch on
which the nest rested, when she flew off with a great outcry and
dashed frantically about for some seconds, passing and repassing
within a few yards of the nest, uttering such plaintive notes of
distress as to make the, task of securing the prize indeed a sad
one. The nest was placed at the base of a bunch of cones within
a few inches of the extremity of the branch, and being thorough-
ly shielded on all sides by the strongly resisting, long, sharp
needles, it was no easy matter to reach out to the nest and, in-
serting the hand, safely remove the coveted treasures. The four

eggs were, however, secured without accident, the nest was
removed in situ by taking with it the supporting branch ; the male
joined his mate in her distress and both were shot and, with
the nest and eggs, added to the oological rarities of the American
Museum of Natural History, where, in due time, they will form
one of the attractive ‘Bird Groups’ of the exhibition collection.

The four eggs measure (in millimetres) as follows : i8x 12.5,
i8x 12," 18X 12, 17X 11. The ground color is pale bluish white
in all, but the markings vary greatly. In one the greater part of
the surface is marked with sharply-defined dots and specks of
dark reddish brown, but more thickly aggregated about the lar-
ger end. In another the spots are larger, fewer and paler, and
more vinaceous in tint, and are mostly on one side of the egg
near the larger end. In a third the markings, which nearly cover
and are mostly confined to the larger end, are pale, not well
defined, and vinaceous brown ; beside these are several conspicu-
ous blotches of blackish brown, the largest of which is near the
larger end of the egg. In the remaining egg the markings form a
single narrow streak of sienna brown nearly encircling the egg
at its thickest point ; it begins in a coarse blotch of blackish
brown, from which proceeds a narrow line encircling the egg,
becoming narrower and paler as it advances, and finally quite
indistinct, it much resembling the narrow pencillings seen in the
eggs of many Orioles. This egg in respect to markings is as
different from the egg first described as are the eggs of the Field
Sparrow and Chipping Sparrow.

The nest is well-built, neat, and compact, and quite large for
the size of the bird. It measures 57 mm. (2J inches) in inside
diameter, 90 mm. (3J inches) in outside diameter, and 37
mm. (ij inches) in depth (inside measurement). The base of
the nest is formed of string, thread, a long piece of tape, and
rootlets woven into the pine needles on which it rests, some of
the strings and the tape being looped about and bound to the
clusters of needles. On this rests a cup-shaped structure of
coarse and fine rootlets and soft vegetable fibre, lined with black
horse-hair.

The nest found by Dr. A. K. Fisher at Sing Sing, N. Y.
(Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VIII, 1883, P- 1S0), and the one found
at Cambridge, Mass., in May, 1859, are, so far as I am aware,
the only recorded instances of the breeding of this species south
of the Canadian Fauna.

Auk, 4, Oct. 1887. p. 2$ H - 2 & ■

|

Tameness of the Pine Siskin. — On April 29, 1888, while walking
near Oak Hill in Newton, Mass., I noticed two Pine Siskins (Sfiinus
pinus), about a heap of hops by the roadside. One of them flew away at
my approach, but the other remained there feeding, and, though perfectly
able-bodied and in good condition, was remarkably tame. I stood watch-
ing him some time. After a while I reached out and stroked him, and
finally succeeded in catching him in one hand. When I let him go, he
flew oft' to some distance. Before I caught him, he went and perched in a
bush near by and apparently went to sleep, putting his head over his left
wing under the scapulary feathers, so that it was completely hidden.
When I approached too near, he would take his head out and look at me
and then put it back again when I drew back. The ground about there
was sprinkled with droppings, showing that the birds had probably been
there for some time. Was this bird affected by the hops, or is there any
other explanation of his curious conduct ? The hops were to be used as
dressing for a field of grass. — Francis H. Allen, West Roxbury, Mass.

Aok, V, Oct,, 1688. p. £/ Z& .

412. Field Glass [ Ornithology ]. ByG. R. C. Ibid., pp. 150, 151, 157, 158.
— It is to be hoped that this method will be reserved for those “who have
no wish, strictly speaking, to become ornithologists or oologists,” and that
observations made by persons who have “become acquainted” with birds
in this way will never be put in print as a contribution to ornithology.
The writer in attempting to teach this system gives an illustration of how
to identify birds with a glass, his “Pine-linnets ( Ckrysomitris Minus')” be-
ing known by “the prominent and always constant bright yellow rump.”
Comment is needless. Watching birds through a field glass as a pleasant
amusement we would not discourage, but as a method of identifying birds
by novices, we do not know of a more excellent illustration of “how not
to do it.” Q, & Q. W'O’L

Ckrysomitris f>i?ius. By Dr. Elliott Coues.
>id., XIX, No. 19, p. 364, Dec. 7, 1882.— General history of the species,
ith cut of Pine Finch and of American Goldfinch.

232. The Pine Siskin.
Ib

with

197. Carduelis carduelis. European Goldfinch. — "A male Euro-
pean Goldfinch was collected May 21, 1887, by Mr. Daniel S. Cox, about a.
mile north of the city limits — one out of four — while resting on the top
of a beech tree. The remaining three flew off in a northerly direction.
The birds were evidently in a natural condition and doubtless from the=
New York colony.” (William Brodie. 3 ) 3 Auk, y, isss, 211 .

The Goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ) near Boston, Mass. In Brook-

line, Massachusetts, in May, 1892, I noted a bird of this species feeding in
a pine tree in company with a few American Goldfinches. It seemed

peifectly at home and therefore I take it was not an escaped cage bird,

rather one of the Goldfinches or their offspring that were imported to
this country not long ago. — Reginald Heber Howe. Jr., Boston , Mass.

Auk, XII, April, 1895, p. /V*.

t

1/vA/V/i.

)t*rCC

The European Goldfinch ( Carduelis elegcins ) has been repeatedly taken
in a wild state in Eastern Massachusetts ; so frequently, in fact, that it
has been conjectured that this hardy species may have become established
here through fortuitous introduction. It being a common cage-bird, it
seems probable that numbers may escape each year, while their hardy
nature would easily enable them to maintain an existence here for a con-
siderable period.

Mr. William Brewster informs me that he shot a pair, April 21, 1875,
the female of which was found to contain eggs that would have been laid
in a few days. They were very wild, and were not recognized till they
had been shot. In addition to the many that doubtless escape every year
from confinement, a considerable number were turned out, Mr. Brewster
informs me, not long before this date/ by the “ Society for the Acclimatiza-

tion of Foreign Birds.”

j . a. a £ £^ .

Bull, N, O.O, 5, April, 1880, p, / ' 2-0

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j Concord, Mass.

1897. Early this morning I heard a Snow Bunting give the chat-

Nov.5. tering flight call a dozen times or more at short intervals
without once uttering the clear deer which almost invariably
follows the chatter closely. The bird (I think there was but
one) seemed to pass over Ball's Hill and off over the Great
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|

I think I heard a Snow Bunting here nearly a week ago but was
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.(Ig Iv£ on”ts , Can, CoxQQau TVTA|»;pf ^221

34. Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow Bunting. — Very common in flocks
in winter. Seen as late as the middle of May.

BuiiN.O.O, 7, Oct, 1882 , p,23. f

April 9tli I saw a flock of Snow Bunt-
ings {Plectrophanes nivalis) in a stubble
field near the outskirts of St. J ohn s. Most
of them were in the black-and-white Sum-
mer plumage.

Vi**/ ^ ^

A //. ifKPltG'. /

Q.& O. Vlll. June. 1383. p. ¥3

A Collecting Trip-Dec. 1887 .
John Ewart, Yar Iter , Ont. Can.

Snow Bunting. Saw two largo flocks.

O.&O. XIII. June. 1888 p.94

Some Winter Birds of Nova Scotia. . J H ;V lorrell.

22. Passerina nivalis. Snowflake. — First seen at Parrsboro, Janu-
ary 19. Not very common, but three to twelve birds found in a flock.

AaK XVI, 99, p.

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B . Bigelow .

• Vo w Bunting. — Snow Buntings ap-

66. Plectrophenax nivalis. Sno after which they were

peared at Port Manvers about the 10th of August,
abundant.

Ank, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.30*

Plectrophenax nivalis. Snow Bunting.— This is the most easily
recognized of any of our Fringillidas of either summer or winter. Their
food consists of seeds of weeds and grasses, of which they get an abundant
supply on haystacks. They are most abundant along river valleys. It
has been alleged by some writers that Snow Buntings never perch on
trees, but it is not uncommon to see them resting on trees when not
feeding.

Ank, XIX, April., 1902,

La J

201. Passerina nivalis. Snowflake. — Winter migrant, usually
abundant, October 10 to March 15 .

lOf

■Winter Birds uf W abater, N . H. by F alco.

Snow Bunting, ( PlectropTianes nivalis).

O.SzO. X. Jan. 1885. p /y.

Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter ’©1-52
J. H. Johnson

! Snowflakes, seen occasionally.

O.& O.Vol.l7,May 1892 p. 73

" Snow Bunting,

<£. ,£ j rhvUM'. fflyeUvictiffitl'

O.&O. X. Apr. 1885.

^ ,e i\

' r'wvw' 7 . There has been a

noticeable absence of the Snow Bunting;. Black-capped
Chickadee, Pine Grosbeak here this Winter.

^ 2 . & J if£yuvC*rt*s. UO ^

O.&O. X. Apr. 1835. P.6i

iC /-/ . /Vj-v/;A<.-0* .

The Snow Bunting (Plectr&fmmiax nixalis)
has been with us constantly since December, al-
though no t near as common as usual.

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Snow Buntings have been here more
than a month and I have seen large num-
bers of Shore Larks. Several female Pine
Grosbeaks have been seen, and one or two
taken, but no males. — E. E. Rogers , Rock-
port . , Mass. 0.40. Vin.FekGBSa.p. /£.

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

F. W. Andros.

Plectrophenax nivalis (Linn.), Snowflake.

Winter visitant, irregular in appearance.

More common on the coast than inland.

O.&Q. XII. Sept. 1887 p.140

On January 26 a large flock of Snow Bunt-
ings were seen by R. H. Carr at Brockton,
Mass.

O.&O.V 0 LI 8 , Feb. 1893 P.3Q

Notes from Belchertown, Mass.
J. W. Jackson

Jan. 24, 26, large flocks of Snow Buntings ;

O.&O.V 0 I.I 8 , Mar. 1893 p.45

|f

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Canada Buntings. — W. "W. Coe, Portland,
Conn., reports, Nov. 14th, first flock of
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O.&O. Vlll. Jan. 1882. p *

,, Birds observed in Naval Hospital

• Grounds, Brooklyn, G.B.Oo u©s

37. Plectrophanes nivalis. Snow-Bunting. — Common at times
in winter.

Boil. N.O.O. 4, Jan., 1879, p.32

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C.H.Merriton.

6i. Plectrophanes nivalis {Linn.') Meyer. Snow Bunting.— C om-
mon in flocks in winter.

Bull N.O.O. «,Qct, 1881, p, 220

W <*up, MM, ^LLUu ueCrXy

tA^r^L^lru/' ~Uue -ywrrit S&,

VfMn<v4s l Snow ^

Buntings very rare . — John M. Howey.

Q.&O. IX. Mar. 1884. p, 36.

OoldWeather Notes. Stephentotra, N. Y.
Benjamin Hoag

) First Snow Bantings December 5 ; a flock
of about one hundred. -

O.&O.V 0 I.I 8 , April, 1893 p.57

Winter Notes f rom Stephen town, N. Y.
Benjamin Hoag.

Snowflakes, have been seen in immense
flocks, at intervals, since the middle of
December.

O.&O.V 0 I.I 8 , Jan. 1893 p.ll

// h

€^A^~ ^-C^_ «»£ ^

Plectrophanes nivalis, c<4 y cl e.

BtfUf £T«0,'0. 4 ; Jan, 1879; ^ *

#

476. Braving the “ Blizzards By Charles Aldrich. Ibid., XV, p.
9 ° 3 ' — Nest with three eggs of “that little winter Snow-bird ( Plectrofha -
nes nivalis, as I suppose)” — doubtless really Eremofhila alfestris — found
during a “bitter day” in March, near Ames, Iowa. AjUQV, N& tar allflt «

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$20. Rare Birds in Ontario. By John A. Morden. Ibid., II, pp. 162,
163. — Relates chiefly to the Lapland Longspur, at Mitchel s Bay, Ont.

Owe* import & Naturalist

mrcia -within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Can, Comeau&Merriam

35. Centrophanes lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — Large flocks
of this species appear on this part of the coast during the latter part of
April, remaining till about the middle of May. They are then very abun-
dant, occurring both alone and in flocks with the preceding.

Bali N, 0,0, 7,Oct, X882, p,S35

Records from Toronto. B.B.T.Setou.

Lapland Longspur. Plectrophanes lapponicus. — Indi
viduals of this species have occurred in company with P. niva
Its almost every winter as far back as the records here extend.

Auk, 2, Oct., 1885, p.384

Birds of N.B. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

67. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — Common after Aug-
ust 3. Breed about Nachvak and northward to Hudson Straits. South
of Nachvak they occur only as migrants.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.30.

(iLo cly] ^ [ <r-i^rR/Id .

■d'4 < PF%S~OsVl)l*<4 *

/ft

V, . iq ay, -fv.

202. Calcarius lapponicus. — Lapland Longspur. — Irregular winter
resident October 10 to April 23; latest May 17, 1891; not common, usu-
ally found singly with flocks of Snowflakes, but Mr. Nash has recorded
flocks October 10-26, 1891. 2

2 Biological Review of Ontario, I, 1894, 30.

AUZ^.

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Birds of Bristol County, Mass,

F. W. Andros.

Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.J, Lapland Long-
spur. Winter visitant, very rare.

0.& O. XII. Sept. 1887 P. 14Q

Auk, XIII, Jan. , 1800, p, 26

filVUL

Calcarius lapponicus.— A Lapland Longspur was shot in Longmea
November 28.— Robert O. Morris, Springfield, Mass.

vtPfcJihfJiis %it'sacb

usetts in Win-

Lapland Longspur

ter. — The statement that there is but one winter record of the Lapland
Longspur in New England (Brewster’s Minot’s Land and Game Birds
of New England, page 194) makes it interesting to record a second occur-
rence. The record above was at Brandon, Vermont, February 21, 1879.
On February 22, 1892, Mr. H. F. Kendall of Cambridge, Mass., shot a
Longspur (unsexed) among a flock of Horned Larks at Duxbury, Mass.
There were two Longspurs in the flock feeding on the beach, but one
separated from the Larks as they flew up, and could not be found. The fact
that the birds were in whiter plumage among a flock of Horned Larks,
would seem to show that they could hardly have been early migrants.
The specimen that was shot is in Mr. Kendall’s collection. — Minot
Davis, Cambridge , Mass.

Calcarius lapponicus at Monomoy, Mass ., in April.- At Monomoy,
Mass., on April 10, 1909, I saw at least twelve Lapland Longspurs (Cal-
canus lapponicus), two of which I secured. The birds were apparently
eedmg on the seeds of the coarse salt grass, which grows on- the edge of
the marsh near the flats and is partly covered at hisrh tide

Calcar ius lapponicus .

Specimen in Mus. Comp. Zool .

shot a& Ipswich, Mass.,

Dec.

1866 by C.

Maynard .

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The Occurrence of the Lapland Longspur ( Calcar ius lafifto7iicus) in
Mid-winter in Massachusetts. — On January 12, 1902, the writer, with Mr.
H. M. Spelman and Mr. R. S. Eustis, found between forty and fifty of
these birds at Ipswich. Four or five were on a hillside about half a mile
from the beach, and the remainder among the sand-dunes by the sea.
The day was stormy and cold, the fine snow blowing and drifting so that
the beach grass on which they were feeding was more or less covered.
Perhaps on this account the birds were tamer than usual and allowed a

close approach. The Longspurs were alone, and also associated with
Horned Larks and Snow Buntings. Three Ipswich Sparrows were seen
with them.

It is not uncommon to find the Longspurs in the early part of Decem-
ber in Ipswich. Thus I have records for December 10, 1898, and Decem-

ber 8, 1901. — Cha

Mass.

p. ,

The Lapland Longspur Wintering in Massachusetts. — In our 1 Birds
of Massachusetts’ (1901), Mr. Reginald Heber Howe, Junior, and the
undersigned, gave, as the only instance known to us of the wintering of
the Lapland Longspur in the State, the record of one from Ipswich, Jan.
6, 1877. This specimen with above date on the label, is preserved in the
mounted collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. By a mere
chance the fact came out that this specimen, which was presented by
Messers. E. A. & O. Bangs, was probably from the same lot of birds,
bought at the Boston Market, from which came the McCown’s Longspur,
credited by Mr. C. J. Maynard to Massachusetts. It appears that the
market-man of whom the specimens were obtained, when asked if they
came from Ipswich, replied, as he naturally would, in the affirmative, and
it seems reasonable to believe that these two birds were in reality from
the West, and that there are no actual winter records for the State. Lately,
however, Mr. Howe, in company with Mr. Louis Agassiz Shaw, while at
Ipswich on the 18th of January, 1902, took one, and saw at least five others,
so that we are now able to give the species unquestioned standing as of
at least occasional occurrence in Massachusetts in winter.

While on. three trips to Ipswich during the autumn of 1901 (Oct. 22,
Nov. 9 and 28) Mr. Howe found Longspurs in unusual abundance, and
apparently, as this season has been comparatively mild, a proportion have

remained to winter with the Snow Buntings and Horned Larks.— Glover
M. Allen, Cambridge. Mass. -

Afik, XIX April., 1902, pp ■ ZoX-Z°3.

Laplan d L ongspu n. A female ( Centro -
phanes lapponicus) was shot in this vicin-
ity, Jan. 26, 1883, by Mr. Charles H. Neff.

It was alone in a barren field . — John H.

Sage , Portland, Gonn.Ot&O. V1U. June, 1883. p. Vi-

Good Shot. — R. N. Denison secured at
one shot, near the mouth of the Connecti-
cut River, the middle of February, three

L apland Long-spurs ,
and one Tree Sparrow.

two Shore Larks „ „ , ,

O.&o. Vlll. May. 1883. p. 3 k.

Loag Island Bird Notes. Wm.Dutcher

18. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — This
boreal species, usually so rare, seems to have been in a roving
mood during the winter of 1884-85. At Far Rockaway Beach,
Queens Co., February 7, 1885, while on a collecting trip with
Dr. A. K. Fisher, one was secured by him as it was flushed from
the short beach grass where we were looking for Ipswich Spai-
rows. February 26, 1885, several flocks of from six to ten indi-
viduals were found by Mr. W. F. Hendrickson on some filled-in
roads, running through what was formerly a swamp, in the upper
part of Long Island City, Queens Co. They were in company
with a few Snowflakes and Horned Larks. Two days later he
saw a few scattered Longspurs and one mixed flock of Longspurs,
Horned Larks, and a few Snowflakes. This flock, he says, con-
tained about twenty or twenty-five Longspurs. They were very
wild and difficult of approach. Four were secured and preserved.
All were males and were in good condition. This Arctic wave
must have been receding, as no more were seen, although Mr
Hendrickson carefully looked for them in the same and other lo-
calities many times subsequently. As from a receding wave one
often sees a fleck of foam left lightly resting on the beach, so must
this bird-wave have left one of its number on the Hempstead
Plains (Queens Co.), where it was found and shot by Mr. A. H.
Hawley, April 18, 1885.

Auk, 3, Oct., 1883, p. Lf / 1

On the same day (Feb. 16) my brother found a flock of eleven Lapland
Longspurs ( Calcarius lapponicu s), one of which he shot. When first
seen they were by themselves, but when shot at became mixed with a
flock of thirty Shore Larks which began to quarrel with them as soon as
they alighted, evidently try ing to drive them away. This made the Long-
spurs restless and no more were shot. Next day (Sunday) my brother
and I, armed only with an opera glass, went to look for more Longspurs.
When coming over the edge of a small hill I flushed a flock of about a
dozen Shore Larks, and noticed as they flew straight away from me that
one bird in the flock had a noticeably white tail, similar to that of the
Chestnut-collared Longspur mentioned above. This flock flew a hundred
yards or so and alighted among a number of large boulders, and although
I examined the ground carefully from a distance of forty yards or so (as
near as- 1 was able to get) I could not find the bird with the white tail.
Upon trying to approach closer they flew sidewise to me, so that I cbuld
not see the tail-feathers very well, and went too far for us to follow them.
On top of the hill I found one Lapland Longspur and approached within
about thirty feet of it, when it took wing and, when flying, was joined by
two more of its species and a couple of Shore Larks. The Lapland Long-
spurs when flying with Shore Larks resemble the latter • so closely that
they can only be distinguished by their note, which is so different that no
mistake can possibly be made.

On Feb. 18 my brother found a flock of about forty Shore Larks, con-
taining a few Lapland Longspurs, two of which he shot. On the 20th a
few Lapland Longspurs were seen with a flock of Shore Larks, but were
so wild that they were given up after about three hours of persistent hunt-
ing. On Feb. 22, my brother, a friend, and myself were out and saw two
Lapland Longspurs in a flock of forty or fifty Shore Larks. They were
very wild and flushed out of range, but flew back past us, when I recog-
nized one of the Longspurs by its call and shot it. We have, seen none
since the 22d, although we have been over the ground on which they were
found several times.— W. F. Hendrickson, Long Island City, N. T.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.

#

US'

Bird « otes from Long Island, N.Y<
William Dataller.

19. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — One shot at Long
Island City, Queens Co., January 11, 18S6, by John Hendrickson, is the
only record I have secured since those noted in ‘The Auk’ of October,
1886.* This specimen was in company with four Horned Larks. “It had
but one leg, the left one having been cut off : the wound was entirely
healed.” Mr. Giraud considered this bird an extremely rare straggler.
“In, the winter of 1838, several specimens of this bird were observed in
the New York markets, having been shot on Long Island — but I am not
aware that this species has ever before or since been met with in our
section. ”f From my records made thus far I cannot consider individuals
of this species in the light of stragglers. Further observations, made on
the beaches and grassy plains, may prove them to be regular, but not
common, visitants, as in Massachusetts. J

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.181

* Auk, Vol. Ill, 1886, p. 440.

f Birds of Long Island, 1844, p. 99.

X See A Revised List of the Birds of Massachusetts. By J. A. Allen. Bull. Amer.

Mus. N. H., Vol. 1, No. 7, July, 1886, p. 250.

Bird

Notes from Long Island,
William Dutcher.

N.Y.

n. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — Mr. John Hendrick-
on shot one October 18, 1888, at Long Island City. He informs me that
it was alone, and was secured as it flew up from among some weeds
growing on the edge of a drain. From the fact that Horned Larks ( Oto -
coris alpestris) were first seen that day, he thinks it not unlikely that the
Longspur had migrated southward in their company. This is the earli-
est autumn date of which I have any record.

Auk, VI. April. 1886*. P. Ul.

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.H.Merriam.

62. Centrophanes lapponicus (. Linn .) Cabanis. Lapland Long-
spur. — Occurs with the last, but is not so common.

Bull. N.O.O. Q, Oct, 1881, p,229

ISC,

SomeAOC. Bis. Booth. OrwnUnd.mw,
A. «d. byM.ChMoWrlain.

Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. — In the vicinity of Ivig-
tut this is the least numerous of the four species of singing birds that occur.
The relative numbers are about one Longspur to five Wheatears, ten
Snowflakes, and ten or fifteen Redpolls.

In 1886 the first spring comers were seen on May 24, and in 1887 on May
22. The favorite nesting site is in flat, moist ground covered with grass or
low bushes. Mr. Hagerup has not seen any nests at a higher elevation
than some 200 feet. In Ivigtut valley, which contains about one third of
an English square mile, some six or eight pairs were breeding during the
summer of 1887.

A nest discovered on June 16 was placed in deep moss in a moist spot
in the valley, on the outskirts of a willow thicket, and in the vicinity of
water. It was composed exteriorly of dried grass and roots, and lined
with white Ptarmigan’s feathers. In it were seven eggs slightly incubated.
On July 3 a young bird, that could hardly fly, was captured by a dog.

This species has several alarm notes and calls of which the principal is
a rather pleasing, though sad, flute-like note resembling tloo or tlue. The
song, which sounds best when the bird, after mounting up in the sky, drops
slowly to the earth with extended motionless wings, is not very long, but
has a fine, flute-like tone, and though agreeable to the ear is rather melan-
choly, as all the notes of this bird are. There is no variation in the song,
nor is it repeated with great frequency. It is, however, the finest heard in
these wilds.

The Longspur, like all the song birds of the far north, is quite tame and
fearless of man. but is less frequently seen in the immediate vicinitv of
the houses at Ivigtut than the other species are.

ABk.TI. 6ct. ,1660, P . 196 - x<11 .

The Migratory Movements of the Lapland Longspurs in North Amer-
ica- — The winter migratory movements of the Lapland Longspur ( Cal -
caruis lapponicus) have been little understood by me, or by those persons
whom I have consulted. I have, to satisfy myself, during the past
month gathered together all obtainable data for North America, and
have been thus able to explain their seemingly erratic movements, and
I present the results thinking they may interest others.

The Lapland Longspur ( Calcarius lapponicus ) and the Alaskan Long-
spur (C. 1 . alascensis) breed in North America approximately north of
the 6oth parallel from Ungava (Nachvak) to Alaska, the subspecies being
confined to the country west of the 120th meridian. They nest during
the months of June and July, reaching their breeding grounds in late
May. By the last of August (Aug. 20) they begin their southward
migration across southern Canada, occurring most abundantly in the
central portions of their route (Manitoba). This is true of both their
southward and northward journeys. They reach southern Labrador,
Manitoba, and British Columbia in September, occurring in these locali-
ties apparently only as fall and spring migrants. After entering the
United States the ranks of Calcarius lappotiicus become more crowded
into the central States as the eastern and western limits of their migra-
tory route narrow, determined by the Alleghany and Rocky mountains.
Stragglers only reach the Atlantic coast south of Ipswich, Massachusetts,
and there are no records for the Alaskan Longspur south of Canada on
the Pacific coast, the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains proving an
effectual barrier, as this subspecies is not recorded from California to
my knowledge but seems to migrate down between the Rocky and the
last named mountains through the Great Basin, and wanders during the
winter to Colorado and western Kansas. Along the 47th parallel (Mon-
tana, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan) the Lapland
Longspur is a late September and October migrant, while to the south
of the 40th parallel it occurs as a winter resident in large numbers as
far south as the 37th parallel, occurring even occasionally in northern
Texas (Gainsville). The wedge shape of the southern migration between
the east and west mountain ranges explains why the Longspurs do not
occur regularly all along the southern Pacific coast and on the Atlantic
coast south of Massachusetts: a puzzle in the latter case, as formerly
viewed from my local standpoint of Massachusetts alone.-
The spring northward migration is exactly the reverse of the south-
ward fall movement, the birds reaching the 47th parallel in late March,
April and even May, and the 55th parallel in May.

As is the case with all birds during their migrations, stragglers are
left along the way either from exhaustion, injury or for less apparent
reasons, so that we have winter record’s for Nova Scotia, Vermont and
Wisconsin, due to some of the above causes, and for the same reasons
we also have late May records for Longspurs in the southernmost States
in which they winter. — Reginald Heber Howe, Jr., Long-wood, Mass.

Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, pf>- 3 f 6 , 397 -

Occurrence of Calcarius ornatus in Maine. — Early on the morning of
August 13, 1886, while sitting in a blind on the Little River marshes, near
Pine Point, Me., I noticed a small bird flying restlessly about overhead.
From its peculiar flight and notes I took it to be a Titlark. Rather surprised
to see one so early in the season, I watched it carefully, and, when it Anally
alighted not far away, I went after it. My attempt to secure it was un-
successful, however, owing to my gun missing fire, and it flew off to the
other side of the river, where I lost sight of it. Several hours later, while
returning by the same place, I saw what was presumably the same bird,
flying about from one place to another. Finally I fired at it, as it rose
from the grass before me, and had the pleasure of seeing it fall. I must
confess that on picking it up I was completely at a loss to know what it
was. I did not feel sure regarding it till several months later, when
looking over one day, in company with Mr. Chadbourne, the large series
of Calcarius ornatus in the Agassiz Museum at Cambridge, we discovered
one specimen which matched my bird in every particular. Mr. Brewster,
to whom I showed it later, identified it as ornatus without doubt. The
bird is of very small size, and, as far as plumage goes, lacks, with the
exception of the tail-markings, every sign of belonging to this species.

It is apparently a young male, though the sex could not positively be
determined.— Joseph L. Goodale, Cambridge , ^ Jan 1887

*7f-

/Vo

A New Bird to Massachusetts. — Mr. Charles W. Townsend, of
Boston,- shot, July 28, 1876, a male specimen of Plectrophanes ornatus.
It was taken in Magnolia, near Gloucester, Mass., in a field near the sea-
shore, and has been by Mr. Townsend presented to the New England col-
lection of the Boston Natural History Society. It is an adult male, in
worn plumage. — T. M. Brewer, Boston, Mass.

BulX N. O.O. 2i July, 1877. p. 7 $.

Chestnut-collared and Lapland Longspurs on Long Island, N. Y.
—While huntingfor Lapland Longspurs on February 16, my brother, J. H.
Hen.dnckson, saw a bird which, on account of white feathers in its tail
and generally dingy appearance, he thought was a Bay-winged Sparrow.
He approached within five or six feet and hit it with a small stone, when
it flew a short distance and he shot it. Upon examination I found it to be
a Chestnut-collared Longspur ( Calcarius ornatus ). It was found near
the end of a filled-in, sandy road extending about six hundred feet into a
salt marsh, and was entirely alone, no other birds being found within
some distance of it. Upon skinning the bird I found it to be in good
condition, slightly fat. I could not determine the sex. Upon reporting
the above to Mr. William Dutcher, he informed me that it was not only a
new record for Long Island (as I had supposed), but was the second
record for the Eastern United States, the other being one taken in Massa-
chusetts in July, 1876 {vide Brewer, Bull. Nuttall Ornith. Club, Vol. II,
p. 7^)1 an d as such it \^ill no doubt prove interesting.

Cv .J 1 . ^

C^J\ J v/, ) s sy _ ji ./jo

Descriptions of First Plumag-e of Cer-
tain North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster*

59. Plectrophanes ornatus.

First plumage: female. Above light reddish-brown, every feather
streaked centrally with very dark brown, most heavily so upon the crown.
Greater and middle wing-coverts pale ashy, tinged with reddish. Lores
and superciliary stripes dull gray, the latter minutely dotted with brown.
Under parts pale fulvous, streaked somewhat finely with brown upon the
breast and jugulum, with a maxillary series of spots of the same color.
From a specimen in my cabinet, collected by Dr. Coues, September 3
1 873, at Souris River, Dakota, gpll, N . O . C . 3, July >18 i o. p«

Dec. 1889.]

AND OOLOGIST.

185

June 11th, was placed in a clump of mullen,
on top of a little bank. This contained but
three eggs, and as I knew that incubation had
begun several days, it was not molested.

On the 27tli of May I also collected another
set of four eggs on a neighboring farm. This
nest was also placed at the root of a mullen,
and \was in its form and the marking of its
eggs so like those of a Song Sparrow that it
would '.have been difficult to identify them if
the bird had not been seen.

Several, other new nests were located in a
swampy burn, but before their sets of eggs were
completed they were destroyed by some small
animal or bird. Anoth/r nest, whose set of
four eggs were among' the most beautifully
mottled that I' have seen, was collected by my
son from a tuft of grass in a deep tamarac
swamp on the 12th of June, he having, to make
identity certain, shot the bird.

The last nest of .this species that I noticed
this season was on the 12tli of July. I had
flushed the bird nesting, and on that date four
days after the first egg had been deposited
found that it Contained but two eggs which
the bird was incubating, and I did not molest
them nor disturb her again. This nest was
placed at tlie f root of a small black ash, among
tall, wild grass, and formed chiefly of fine
dry grass, ^but the eggs were the darkest in
color of any that I had yet sXen. The middle
of May appears to be the earliest time for this
species tb nest, but some years ago I took a
set of three eggs, incubation begun, on the 4th
of Augdst. William L. Kells.

Listo-v^el, Ontario, Canada.

[No one, except a very ignorant person,
would mistake the eggs of the White- throated
Sparrow for those of the Song Sparrow, as
they are so much larger than the latter in
addition to the difference in their general ap-
pearance. Normal eggs of the Song Sparrow
measure about .75x,55, while those of the
Wliite-tliroated Sparrow (normal specimens)
abe about .84x.68. — J. P. N.]

Nesting of the Chestnut-collared
Longspur.

While on a recent collecting trip in Lac-qui-
Parle County, Minnesota, an excellent oppor-
tunity presented itself for the observation of
the nesting habits of the Chestnut- collared
Longspur ( Calcarius ornatus). Let me give
you what information I gathered while there.

On the 12th of May, 1889, the day I arrived
at Madison, the county seat, I observed the
birds in every field. They were apparently
mated, and seemed greatly excited when I ap-
proached their particular section. Each pair
had established themselves in a certain portion
of ground, and there raised their brood. Al-
though I hunted diligently during that day and
the day after, and for a week or more, I could
find no nests.

I looked in tall grass, and short grass, and
places where there was no grass at all. I tried
watching the female bird, but gave that up and
was slowly becoming disappointed at my ill
luck, when, on May 20tli, as I was riding home
about noon with a farmer, I saw a female
Longspur flying across the prairie with a piece
of grass in her bill. Presently she alighted
and walked a short distance, and then stopped,
and after fussing about a little, she flew away
again, but without the piece of grass she had
carried there. Guessing what she was doing,
I went over to where she had been, and sure
enough, there was the beginning of a nest. It
was a shallow hole, scooped out in the ground,
which was just receiving its lining of grass and
reed stems. Both birds soon came around,
and flew nervously about, keeping up a plain-
tive twittering sound.

I told the farmer he need not wait for me, so
I walked about for quite a distance to observe
their actions.

As soon as the birds had quieted down the
male began to soar high up in the air, and
when at its greatest height would begin its pe-
culiar little song, and then with wings almost
touching behind his back, would come tum-
bling down, as if overcome with the ecstacy of
his own music, never ceasing the strain until
he alighted on the ground. While thus singing
he would always settle near the nest as he came
down.

With this information gained I started home,
resolving to revisit the nest at a later date; but
I never did this, for some reason.

The next morning (May 21st) I was out early,
looking for Longspurs’ nests. I first went to a
piece of ground where I always had heard a
male singing whenever I passed the place; and
as I came in sight this time he was still there.
After watching him go through his peculiar
singing performance several times, I decided
about the spot the nest must be located, and
started for it on the run, making as much noise
as possible, hoping to flush the bird directly
from the nest. As I came upon the place,
sure enough, out she went from almost under

variations oi plumage
he describes were also noticed. A single female was taken having a dis-
tinct chestnut collar, and many of the males had the black of the° breast
streaked with chestnut. They were evidently nesting, and a very pro-
longed search finally revealed a nest which contained young half grown.
It was placed upon the ground in the short prairie-grass, and very difficult
to find even when the locality was once known. It was sunk on a level
with the ground, and was composed of fine dry grasses very similar to the
nest of the Shore Lark (E. alpestris'). Internal diameter of nest 2 [ inches ;
depth about 2. The female fluttered away exhibiting the utmost concern,
and acting as if severely wounded.

Bull, N.O.O, 5 , Jan,, 1880, p,14

144

ORNITHOLOGIST

[Yol. 14-No. 12

186

my feet. Looking down, I saw the cosy nest
containing a fine set of five eggs.

The nest was almost exactly like that of a
Shore Lark, being sunken flush with the sur-
face of the ground. It was lined with some
bleached grasses and weed stems. The rim was
quite thick and turned inward, which made the
nest look smaller than it really was. It was
built in an open place, close to a well-travelled
road; and although there was no grass nor
weeds to conceal it, it was very difficult to see
while a few feet away. I attempted to take
out the lining of the nest, but it fell to pieces
and I could not lift it.

I went somewhat further on, and soon espied
a singing male. This time my running tactics
failed, for the bird flushed wild ahead of me;
but now knowing where to look for a nest, I
found it, after a few minutes’ search, close to
a large white stone, which was the only one in
sight, the birds using it, perhaps, for a land-
mark. This nest also contained five eggs.
The nest was identical with the one first found,
and in fact all of those I found, while there,
were very similar, both in location and struc-
ture, a description for one will suffice for all.

The next day (May 22d) I found two more
nests in similar locations, each containing four
eggs, and on the 23d I found three more sets
of four eggs each, all of which were found on
a patch of burnt ground.

On the 29tli I found another set of five, but
the location of the nest was different from all
the others, it being placed in a bunch of grass
and well concealed. On the same day I also
found two more nests, one containing two and
the other three eggs, which were left for com-
plete sets, but on returning on the 29tli the set
of three had not increased in number, while
the nest of two eggs had been burnt over by a
recent fire; but what surprised me most was
two little downy Longspurs that greeted me
with open mouths as 1 came up. This nest
was so deeply imbedded in the ground that the
flames probably swept over it and left the
eggs uninjured. I do not believe the bird
could have protected them at the time.

These were the last nests I found, as I left
Madison on the 31st of May.

The eggs are peculiar, — quite unlike any
others I have seen, but somewhat resembling
those of the Grass Finch in the clouded appear-
ance of the shell-markings, and having the dull
white ground color of those of a Lark Finch.

None of the nests contained eggs of the Cow-
bird. The small birds of that district are very
free from the intrusions of this parasite, as I

saw very few of the birds and found none of
their eggs in any nest that I came across.

George G. Cantwell.

Lake Mills, Wis.

[Seven of the sets above referred to by Mr.
Cantwell, together with another set collected
in a different locality, are now before me, and
may be thus described:

Set I. May 22, 1886, Huron, Dakota. Col-
lected by E. S. Cheney. Nest, a hollow in the
ground, lined with fine grass, placed beside
manure on a hillside. Three eggs, incubation
begun. Pinkish-wliite, speckled with burnt
umber, and also veined with a few lines of seal
brown: .78x.56; .78x.54; ,78x.57. (This.set
is described in Davie’s Nests and Eggs, 1889,
page 296.)

Set II. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface of the surround-
ing prairie. Four eggs, incubation begun.
Greenish-white, spotted sparingly, but dis-
tinctly, with clove brown. There are a few
under shell markings of cinereous. The spots
are evenly distributed all over the surface:
,76x.55; .76x.55; .73x.55; .72 x .54.

Set III. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface. Four eggs,
fresh. Greenish-white, speckled and spotted
with Vandyke brown and seal brown, with a
few under shell markings of cinereous. These
spots are heaviest around the larger ends: .70
x.65; ,70x,55; .67x.54; .67x.54.

Set IV. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of grass and weed stems, sunken
flush with the surface of the surrounding
plaijis. Four eggs, fresh. Light greenish-
white, speckled and spotted all over the sur-
face with burnt umber. There are also under
shell markings of drab-gray, and a few vein,
ings of seal brown: .77 x .57; .75 x .58; .75 x .."8;
.74 x .59.

Set V. May 29, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of grass and weed stems, sunken flush
with the surface of the prairie. This nest was
found on the 23d of May, with three eggs, and
no more were deposited by the 29tli. Three
eggs, incubation advanced. Greenish-white,
spotted and veined with burnt umber. There
are also numerous under shell markings of cin-
ereous: .73x.56; .75 x.57; .72x.56.

Set VI. May 22, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,

Dec. 1889.]

AND OC

Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface of the surround-
ing prairie. Four eggs, incubation slight.
Ecru-drab ground color, clouded with light
purplish shell markings, veined and spotted
with seal brown: ,77x.55; .73x.56; ,73x.56;
.75 x .57.

Set VII. May 26, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of grass and weed stems. Placed in
a clump of grass on the prairie. .Five eggs,
fresh. Greenish-white ground color, clouded
with drab and speckled and spotted with seal
brown: .75 x .58; .72 x .56; .71 x .55; .69 x .56-
.73 x .58.

Set VIII. May 22, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest j
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface of the surrounding
prairie: ,71x.54; ,73x.55; ,78x,57; ,73x 55

z J :Wo . XIV, Dec. 1889 p, |

Birds of Grant and Traverse Cos.

Minn, June, 1878 Roberts & Benner

19. Flectrophanes ornatus, Towns. Chestnut-collared Bunting.
— The birds of this species were first noted upon the prairie about a mile
from Herman, where their circular flight and characteristic song attracted
attention at once. They, were found from here westward to the bluffs bor-
dering Brown s Valley, but did not descend into it. They at all times pre-
ferred the prairie away from any moist places, and were not found near
sloughs nor lakes. Mr. J. A. Allen’s description of their habits, as quoted
in Coues s u Birds of the Northwest,” coincides so exactly with our experi-
ence that a detailed account is unnecessary. The variations of plumage
he describes were also noticed. A single female was taken having a dis-
tinct chestnut collar, and many of the males had the black of the° breast
streaked with chestnut. They were evidently nesting, and a very pro-
longed search finally revealed a nest which contained young half grown.
It was placed upon the ground in the short prairie-grass, and very difficult
to find even when the locality was once known. It was sunk on a level
with the ground, and was composed of fine dry grasses very similar to the
nest of the Shore Lark (E. alpeslris ). Internal diameter of nest inches ;
depth about 2. The female fluttered away exhibiting the utmost concern,
and acting as if severely wounded.

Bull, N.O.O. 5, Jan., 1880, p,14

1 44

Acanthi s browsterii .

See Ridg., Am. Nat. July, 1872, 433, Vol.Yl.

» » Pr. U. 3. Nat. Mus. Vlll, 1885, 354.

(B— , C 147, R 180, C 211.)

Cf. Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p.225.

See also A. 0. U. Chech List of North American Birds. 2nd Ed.
Hypothetical List, pp. 330-1.

Llr. William Brewster of Cambridge, Mass, obtained this
specimen, which remains unique, at Waltham, Mass, Nov. 1st,
1870, from a floch of Ac an this 1 inaria of which he also hilled

six specimens at the same shot