Eastern Massachusetts.

. k ' *; jp'\ /n . /fy . it v • ^ /u **£ m/.

7*. 81.?* ft{ 73 L /?* -A* . 771/78 4/i.JU l A%-Zs% *6$. 47.J?lr.Z?$ M' /pJ/Z

npLg+j

)\ ,'i%. tf% . r fi_ ifjoJUZ/?'. iSk Jh 3 /* {&W.

/<T ?.2

/I JL*_ 3 .* 4 ? 4\ <77 7*- *:?-/<>, <7 /Z, <3, 74, /JV4, 77, /?, Zo \ Z/'/U- c

Tf.tfi.

4f. CcL. CU-ff^f

7i.

'ifrt+.cdtA

vJix-i^ Ifc _ £ 3 $ -Z4pPjl (*-*.-/ ,

n8_zi ( \\ x/ Jp i^o Tjlrjj ////.

/?3 3 4H- 7-74-/68- ft* 7o 17k 7U8 Z3%Zfk £-— ■ *4- /*7-t

v/,

KjJLsj

TC 7 /*. 6 % Tr <o k //& _ jsi . /« i. /a . / ?i_*o i

^ --t-^ M.U

WTWfct.Zfi, jftfo

Ci\

8*fin

(Oar,

78 81'* 3 * 4*3% 6 8 7 * 7* 78 /o‘% //& IZ> 73 % 7? £ 7S *

A l /7% 77% 79k Zolzr^K 13 * £y * 7i<c% Z7k Z 8% *3% 3o.i. J/.£ /M
7k Z ; u 48 y 8 II 8 ft % 13 k 74 k /7 ? Zo x Z/7 /frU

7KU

/e®JWp /* 3* 4*6^ 7*. 8‘° /- /P A. /7p? 0 \ r/ & Z3 '" 7 3 ‘ a 7, 7 * CAA7U

Cj mU

7 - .7 -. //* TPT^F ^<D -y; i / AzZJ7zrr247li'-. <A T 7 7s 3 7

4 3 - C- 7- 7 - 7o-/2- 78- /^ /f^ 0 j7M4* /r?^

z

k/) J^.AJ3--tc J7tX^ -4'6~Ov_ c*.

im.

CuLaaJ- //%-J.0.%. . 2/ 4- 22^ -2 3 -X-^& 7&- 2 fc.jl- _ 2/.£~ 3d.£ //tt-viwu:/ .

' <ul tui. ■ ^-—4*7 — ~ ■' r 'j e.

?yuj /.* 2% ® J* >£»' 7*. /* ?i-iol./iim /s« /c \fejf\lU-2o *j/$, uiu* U'/t I ^w'

{J (*SVrJL-

'tytTYV Cdr\s &7-

r 3 ~ .r i

J<o%^£7x^zr*- 30 *\

PIa-a^

/£- z# -3*- //* '&HyuO#*-/3* -W$-/$* -/its ~/;i -/*£-/?&■ JU>£-ZU-Jt3ji. -Zo4 -li£- M& - ■ &******! .
/£jbk-S£_ 4®7£-/Z \/6 x-/7± 7/ '-JU* 30®j/Q a Tvkcm#/

2-7' ^ /ihtf} 7 ® 77 " i - 2sMt/Z*7-£'7 .

(ft c7<7/x</*-~

i/zj'U ^■vi.x-je.A

im.

(Pj\J\. aPL

}YL*y

J /

\J <+-hj

<A*^<j,\Asy3

(P .

/fr?S~

(7j^7-

26 ~ {}

/7,

7 -//

jlx^. u - A

7$ 3% 7k 7 * 6 % 7fn ?*io~uT% TzjTT? IrjTjLb z 77. ; ^4

'jTTfrr?' 'Jf 77 7/7

tyl-JMT, <2j ■ Cy. Ca - ~ ^ C-

7i ? jrn 74 7; // 4 A; U.% /?; /*% /?.; ^ ' u %

C 3- "j*- 4as*.dj^*. £ q

7 % 6 k, 7 S f;tx -

Cl. U. 4

nr* /u w* m% W » zo]

2 fy CJ..

cJc

tA

id, %k% 2

77 Cr. C*

c i' - o' ^ r t * L '

I i li /°££^. /«

C A A ; C-- %p " c 1- 3 7 ■ ^ c -

7 Jk ?4 HXqiii* if * it'*

s'-r't,**- #£aj n _/o

fl

7,

72/Zy72//C

^Wvu^<V

i^rcTaTcV

7*1/ f % ® l! t r 37p .

[l‘^s$ 6 -: 7 - p 10 ' l(@ 22 r ° 277 1 f®

2j 6 $1 *£akj /ryfi-A- 1 i. JUa^JT, j UhjuJL t^cA^c /loTCi ^/^7C f -ced— f

3

hrcx, <x Hi

( J

J

i &AAaaaJL aU. Qjyt,

/Si /6%I7% ns% /?llo% U£xz.l$% ZS\ H I 1/ * ZKt £?.* C^a^L

/3 iuov - /v r- U%7^Sll\A*J It * X3^ H>>

£/., f lu }OJuli«. , < <X/W- ^~j^~ Elf 'l l 1 > - I

\ 2 S!kU\

5«*«Ur— 7 ~

XT* BTXfe-k 3 oj

< 3 S' f ?- *?, t.

JU 3 5*. ^ ? * h> *

3 c,

*(£» /

/ j* & »i 3 ^ </• ^ 6 ,* t * 7 i ft * ? *

6~U%7^i^irtzoiln-^y

IX il Mlii Ifc /?.*

*^sx

C(f~< 0j£- Cr^- Cs*~l—-

<3 U /»;/7 » /^^r y m 23|. £*5

Ipk s^, irn~

My

fm

'All

ttH

hrfj

/AAA

/JZ l

fan

/m

<m

/^a~txa-£ui

AA. - z

3 _ic 7 ^ *

%

n-n-iAzo 1

/y *o->~

it/^

1 ^ C^vGAAk A.

( 0 tZyisxX .

I A. U*

O-

l^

6 ~* /l i” /.J 2 -° /A '- A-

/??7

/m

Snizella social is.

Concord,

Mass.

1878.

Drove down to the cross roads east of Kail's where I

Oct. 15.

found a large number of small birds collected along the bushy

strip that "bordered, the road. Identified nearly two hundred

!n°j

a

h

J.j

Z (UrC*. *ottA

J' ~Zl-o<* Cy. d~7 -Aot-*/. $\~\~

Oo.

a-d

\) tvm. fO

Z^O*. Z~/ * of tA^ Z’ZxZcA/t £\^6<x7 rf^X^Ayf ^—-DxSX.

^AAaah-^- ^ ^"^i-*aJ(/£\. CAJ £aa*^4^+. ^L-AasO ''2-t xi}~^ Z^Y^CA^C^r^A- — C^Z- Oxa. lAt^t^x^,

(i/t^. X-v^ /a^/a (~^\Mj m Z^X-yy, o^x^x*

a~4 PLx.^4 ax*/ 'J 1*s\a^ ^fifcuu^A £+ ^ **-<_<. eL^

CtjC h- ~t&Kj U. 0~x h-^A^K ^oZZZL^U <^U. t^Xy £ vol,

t ^^dX C^x, (_, J\dOO^ ~C-V /Yx^xaC .

(X- n^sUf cl^Cl. ~tx '^^y w^ fa t^%A^t-/ ,

/ L+^X-^
Ay A-XA. cZsX*\*\__ ^

I'iJx/X*- C~a)

Avo

1C>

^ 7

Zdj tX* >

^tr-o

\^ sprLS&l

• ^,. t XyAy <?* o> fxyA.

7

ZdsXAJ^\Ay-\y%^ ^ ^ ^ _

^<-C^\.eZ y ^-via. Ltfi/fcxA-' /*_ Z?A^ts7 A-u-/- '2-?. * 5 '-' / ^£tjM/N_ ZZtZ^L fc^A/t-

^Txa. Xt^

A-^v Zk-^-^-xT-^ „
i^9 ^u-^^t-t.^

(-tAy^fr-vs.

^LA_X^

f y{^ ^^y

/^y ^C^ <a^ZZa^-\ ^\_ < eZ Z ZU^ZZ *-A^ 'Sa'-Ca. ycsyZ-dZsX.

dX^/Z^.^ c/

-^ t-< ^ — Zx> '^S^XAi^Z

Z'Oxx.j' y^£*^i Liy^ux^ZZ vC ^ rw V^^v-xZZZx.

$ / (Zlr^u- x^*~

JzC 'Ccy/^^fx^xL. ~~t%\*.

fc zLl'

^aLv Ox^c^Zx x<} c

lX 'VZ^^X

Z/ (Zlri^A^-- y <r\rS£-^-- ^Lr-is*^ZZ- fiZ Isi ^7 O-ists-Z. ATf

y< ^ ^. < . X Zx.s< /. i*. c A
TCx^ 4t-/ «a^

z^z

CxL'i'isv

XX-/6 (X-

^W h-^/^C-

■X^A-Z

i

. *jL dZc*

<yfaZ*yl^

’/■Z^ SxsL.trC

CA-AjZZZ^j JC

Z"J UXyx. I/Cl . Z-IS^. ZZyZj

„ l_A^ ‘ t \~A- A Ay^ Xy*yyZ&A/C f> ^ r. /v _ < ,-> sA^ ' * <,-( -X^ ^t*ty»' l/A.^ ^ ^'-^A

Q^A.~jyyXyy~*ySH ''V **t \.-~- <! i — < A-.

A?' f^-i/L-'y^~ ^ j

^ CA. y /. . , _ ,/_ . yy ^ ^ c

i ''^'fj' ’ / c ' —

jx... <-v t 1 tc Z

fn^

tfLM

JLL

0ZX

^ ^ /^'Z-'t- /t.'*- t-'V' yxZZ C\JZZ Z^i^ZZZ-x

' *A-A^

*7

y^L ix-^y ^ &sy xii-i , Z^ X ' L '~^ ^

&f '~ Atct- 1 '/‘ic .1 ^ *--*- ~Zd ^j- ^i.&Z'f L -< — ^ &X><r i. c / ay/X i

^ ^ t V ^ ^ j ^ ^ <- L A * K ' < ^’ 1 1 v ^ *' *y < ‘-X ^ ^ ^ r * *Y ^ c / l tX~ & Yyl ^ c * X < { (X ^ y j .

fr-Ld- lZl,<x 4 '<z~ t - A tryy^ a^-i^y Z 01 ^ dtycs^-Myx y/i.^ y ^ — *-~-y t< 2x* *yAy
Al 01.I, lt\ ^lv Z e ^ XJ ‘-xdyC c, -s / t/i> ^ \AaAAoa .X ‘•y.x.x.^

7

/ 7/7

/n

Judy !J

L {A/l/L

' ^ L cAcsk^x. $--*-

Cdtr^x-*d- A 0 <£_ cAy^yr~^y2- S\^o

^ tf^/^y 0^^<^/dC J^J~y cAas*s2Axj ^\yr*

J^uy7~-U , fou. *r~~ y J ''/-^ 1 ^ ^7 J^'2_yy/ y^L'ty^L,

»C (jL^ i^/ tfxi'f-A.

di~y t^*-^ynj\^j--o~iy

23 &

f'Uyyl l\^r^Au f £/t/~i_,

^vt/j ^

/-^A yirK^y]

iM^v^_<ri/^ t yU

Ayjyy/

Q) c*-y hjyvk

• 7 * • * - f ' ' ’ ' ( C^y er\ cJ'VL.- cAjl - cAy. ^ cAx ^ cAy- / cA. ±. f cAc f cA. tU ^ .

Jj A*^^xy ^ /zA< y'd ~ JjACA dv

^ct-wva. lyfySdOZ^ O^Ly yx^\yyT C^r^~j 0^s*-^yA j^C-v. ZA^ O^A^A- £y <L 6iAxA <J3j

/ /x-v AyJ$4 c^*y> A {^^/xA-tJ^ c^.y y/ yy^JL^t^

zr

2 ic fy

i-Z'-v \A-€iA. {Ay.

1~Z

Ac ofys-x. i_y{- - ^Za- 'y' t^L-c. < Y c t^-\ / Qy t.'^ L-*yJ ~A

I, ^ j <^ *- <Tl f'L. AU c <~y *—Aa yy} «_ JyAy'%. 2 3-—-

/ , / ; /

ds/y-^isd i-A * {) '/A< s ^

^•U^ ; //

^ {\yy2j l^-v.

Cc-y |^c-c

y^jA^X_, . H^xy^-y Ua. ^ c y AZ~ LAy^<yA~j^_ tA{2st2 Cc2 \,\A2~ \ </ y^y

c*Aj£>S<^y<. \yX—^ Cl 2L2 tuy2yyL &-y My~*~ ^

(^xy C+~y^. dL^+y^ !l\jAyA^< /itAyiA^oA C*yy_A. Ct/Ay> c*y/J ^ '^A^.y 6. A^y.

LA.x ^*- 2 l\^ — ^

rf

/}, _j fyyj.u K) y A ^ d\ZZdyy A ^ J ~ c~&A^t @+AtA_

n~ ■’ - • ycAy'i^sxy d-j tczzy t^tAydAr Jn*c<i au^-u*. A^u-k.

y^j '-dj ^ y /hjiV{ .

/6"

pj/ £JdjL4~£<^y , c* • dySt Aye/ <i-uua. Jryyc y~i

(^d-CAyini 4 t^fsfyryly' *VA\xX "^p - ^

viyAsi

■cyYyyty^*

(I-^ 'Aa^; f “i-^iA td\^ ,(a y f~ <*-^ < r>/ » <3^, /4«.<.

<X. v 6~\4Udcu\_(A , ^JixAAAK c ^ \~ A} <ASAZ<*(aJ

CL^f,

c^ytce-ycd^

v l AA)-Ky lltyu c ^ 'tiujJdt J— Pill' (-^-^ijf v t-^> / * V tx</ ^

l-\-^T C — ^ A\ ' I '^y t-lA- r , '\d V i cd^A\, ^X i 0~ LT^ C-c.

/ii^ <yt< $y/f~ cu A^y y-o-^^y n*- y> y% *«-y Ad-^yx.

^Cv A f "

Sv (A/.] -

7

/o~o

$ >-Cx.

/Ho

J A*a. , / Y ' _ S-yy* ^Cv. d-cC^~- *_y<A J «^c

V J 0 «uW *£, ^<C m/^AsV-^j *^*v X"~ ^ , *^-o

^iAslsZ $\A~AA' ( ^~ *^~ vy Z&^zbZj <z^*v(sCj ^ c ^~ (^.

fln\S\*A. {$*yyy\ £<. l^iu. ^*v ^nT~^y <7^1 >~va^^/ X; ^V-x, s^Sj'TfrxA. cZ\S? C*?v~Aa^£,

i/C“ Q^/C&s^-^ fr-y*. Zt\\ bj Ck_ tTUi C ZZfc ~ &c> ot-X . &■ X^-voJ Lc^ ^ZyZ" frA-o-C-^ c^ — V-

t/y ^ t ^ tCHAfv C ^7 cAsj oA~t aAxtVV < ^-C. ClZ~ l/C

rffc yC 4*sW oZX 3 4 y ^1 . ^jbAZ^Ly 'jyu^tZC' Ck. S^jL^uZ Ct^y^U **^ct~‘ Co
6~+JtAc. ^ '^v-^4a, tf-C'C*''? , ^T~ \Ay~M 4l^v\-c^ ^0^7 4~^*A~4yJ/t a Z^-tA. j^oAA*~J

$t\*. iAT^vAjjt^ hy-d/^ <a/S-A-a- ^ 6 /l^Cvv. Y 4 £<_ ^^■'•^^/L't/l £-/?"" ^tAc^

A^. C^cL^^aAT |^ i/l^y. lAyh&Cs. CA^aWv*- UAs^/ Cvy4-vi^, yf^*" c< ZZy C^CA^t-uy

fy\». b\ h-A**^s^ K 'fT ^Zs&AaslA ^Kvva. Uv?® fy*J\, C *~caA ' (As\, ^vv^vn- ^

Huy / 0

•• ju

'/ < *«v. x

£" i^vvv^ 1 v . fo-Ctd - Ltnjtd O K -i^ <~V dj-y-y -'J t oC\i)-etJ^ «-v~ J l &-aA- £y **-<-? /v-

/^NA_^C cOz-^7 yt^l ty-y. t-w^r ^~^.~^A ‘PlAc^y £c ,

CAaJ-^X iPl/Xu^^CC'J
<'\r-&sL^ ^A^vVH H J^/lJ^A/Cxa-A^. ^

^7 tl'LA^ZT C^ov C-^tAAz^y ZV^ /4jr d*^9-\stsi^Ay

/ZzzzZau

qZ% 0 (!s 0 x~iX(_ J/tZ. b~ZtC '^^cL'isiy
( 1\/^j-A yu^Zsi oL^y, (Vvtvvvy'

^^OOvv. - (/\y\y ,'i/\-s\S\_s** ZZt^y t\Z\yi^_

/L

A.'Ux. lsiy_t

Ml

tifvJJLlX

Cc

0^A/[Jr\y. c\jj, . _

Owu ?/ T^Vv (yZ*Cl JiZZT l4 tv«. y t-<-^X /tr^y cn*~

cZZ CvVxmhJL, J Ijua^L jujZ~ 7 tZZ) ^

v^' / L\A^/y\ r\jyj^^ ZZ\_s>j eZ~^Z\^s\. ^t\, r^yl .

XCi? L4, t^,/v

■^ 6 i . /i .

^\A, (VoC^?T^ l\K-^KA- *Z ~C\jZj-q j ^Vv^v Ca-v.

4u^2a ’^eLfay ^wu- is^Tk.'j (rvvt. ^v^c.-i^^y' <-a^ /Tu4. 4" c^ A ~ c '

f — " 1 -Jr- " /

Z 4~\y/ y'-Cls'L " Zj /Ivw (^ / ^XA\y y

VvaAa /yl/ls\^\ ^-oy_

c^^-eL 4 T- cb*-j XZv-o

V

XAa_

X

ft^, Ct^AsZ o~ C (aJL. i/Z ^Wt (7- G'v. ..

'c-U^r

A ' . U *

^{zy^, [/ 0\A.-4rl j\JJ\/\AsZlX~' A'v^. ^■y^.t‘~^A\.y Qsh}~\*^ c-<i- A Zzr 7 fcy /

tt-jZy.

&Jn-l i t^tJZji ^ (x^-oi n^o~x

i

&-ISV-

4 / o V X>U- fry

/

/u^vt. tt> •'^l^ r A-t

Ca j^Z/V-v

/Z-t

.-i/L 4 >Cr^C / ^ XT ^~ ^ y/^-^^Zy

^o

Cx-^s lA-ocr?—/

^ ; ^^Z/^ 2 - c/ZajT^*. ,

i

I

Copioii t \S Lx-c J \.j Hi

xVl a S S clV 1 iUBG V. jS.

1882 .

/& . jkf7ZZ*Jzr/ , (j/yytizzy rtz/tZtf-A zrZy/uZ'Z^A/J JJ&f

/ZAzZi ZS&& Zzz /&Zz£zZ&y Z^AzJ /?Jz*Uzpr /^Azzy

ZZzZzJ^JzZZZZ /CZZzy' ,-ZZZ J^Z ^ZZi^Z^zZ^ JzfZZZZ' ^AZZcZ JZZZ^

ZMZzJzJ /2AZ' ZMVtf Z^^ : y^/Z ,^^§^c/ jJzzZS,

"•• //// ,r,, f lAJ& yZZZz^jJ A^ZC'

Jz£zy ^Jtz zzz'Z'Z' zt&z^rzt&f .zy^A^y^^zz^y^zA ^ Azzzgfr

ZS'S'd A? ZZZ'JAf AZZZZ^ z2 Jltf ZZfJ 7?&2zdzz6 _

^ '^ZzzzAzzzz&z Z& J&zzZ't^'

/JazZ J yi& £zz*mA J/izzAy--

J* J%2< ^r^yy^zzy z^zzzZAzzz' r/zZ/Jz J/f-Z jZfyy /% t^fJ^zzcZef

J.zzyr j^zz Jz^zzyJz azz a/y^ /&, Jy ^

sfe JzA^ZZJJy SZZ' J^A ^ZZzzeA y Azz-*Az'yb-t!-- -

'Zziy AZZWZA /?z/£*y ZZtczt^ dZZZzzzJ y S& ^/r&<rA£y , U€Zftyf ~
ytZzAr Jr /A> zz^J JzJZzz. ^jJ^zciy J?

v<r^is z?y? ztzj y z0z^yy/^zz /tz? rj^z y^Azzz^y ^zz

jJzz, AZzzztZy& Jj zJzZ AzrZzJ'. J^ZZ, /Zzz^zzAzJ' zzrzytz/zAr'
^Jzz>2& AZAzJzzzy .

I

'a-des.

C'opcord, Mass*
A .pr;!, /Jf. ii.

^ ' fc ~^(2 3 § Ja ^vu^/ (^v

%+ZZZs. IZEEUlj > «~L 4^

'^7

fc ..-~ A U~tCj |Cl . * *+++ # " k ' V * *~

*7'

*4 *-j*#<

<SfcM » *

Spizella soci al i s .

Concord,

w„ q Peculiar Song.

i<UGA> O tO •

1893.

Last year a Chipping Sparrow at the Buttrich' s Began at

June 26.

about this season to sing in a curious manner splitting his

song first into two or three, afterwards into four separate

phrases. When the Chippies returned this spring I listened

this peculiar song out up to June 2d, when I went to Conn.,

heard nothing' out the normal song from the two males that had

settled on the farm. On fljy return this evening, however, I

h&ard the split song and found the bird singing on his old

station, a dead branch of an apple tree in the orchard. He

divided his song into four parts.

Cnizella social is .

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1CS8. Common about farming lands and houses. Vigorous and

July 5 general singing ceased about July 20th but there was occa-
to

Aug. 15. sional or listless singing for two weeks or more after this.

July 18*, 19*, 20*, 30*, August l@(at sunrise), 3 *.( sunrise j>,
5 * ( do . ) , 8.*.( do . ) , 9*( do . ) , 1 0.*( do . ) .

Spizel la socialis teazing Icterus p;albula .

Copy,

Waltham, Mass.

May 14, 1901.

Dear Mr. Brewster,

x x x x . I am going to tell about two in-
stances where it seemed as if one kind of bird was teazing an-
other. The 'first I saw two or three years ago when I was
sitting out near some apple trees in which a Baltimore Oriole
was very ousy, so busy that he scarcely ever stopped long
enough to sing. By and by, however, I noticed that every
once in a while he would make a vicious lunge at something &
then go back to work. I found that this something was a
chipping sparrow that would tag the oriole about wherever he
went, keeping about a foot & a half away. As soon as the
oriole would fly to a fresh place the sparrow would follow &
sit near him until he went to suiother place when he would pur-
sue him again, in spite of the frequent attacks of the oriole
which would drive him off only for a few seconds, and they
kept it up as long as I sat there. The conduct of the chippy
seemed to teaze the oriole very much & I could see no reason
for the sparrow persisting in it except to teaze him. x x x

Elizabeth J. Worcester.

1890 . Penobscot Bay, Maine.

> OtA, , yj CAAAA. <aO 3j / yi 2 / yl

: t‘Jj y <J Q - / 0 * /3 b If ,ff

J&

<JUy lb~
tt I Is

i 6 hvww^ u*. 4 (^jZ* A-'

(\\A\4f<A \ /triM-^oc* Vs-m dv»-. TCL ^

Birds of Upper St, John.

B&tchelder.

49 . Spizella socialis ( Wils.) Bp. Chipping Sparrow. — This bird
was quite abundant at Grand Falls. The nests found were not the loose
structures they are in Massachusetts, but were well lined with hair. It
was rather common at Fort Fairfield.

Ball N. O.O, 7 .July. 1882, p, 148

Last Dates Migratory Btads observed oy
E. D. Wintle, Fall 1886, Montreal, Can.

Chipping Sparrow.

O.&O. XI. Mar. 1886. p. L t L i

Ornithological Trip to St. Bruno, .P-Q-

May 25, 1885. E. D. Wintle, Montreal.

Chipping Sparrow, scarce.

O.&O. XI. May. 1888. p.

Summer Birds of Brae D’Or Region
Oape Breton Id, , N.S. J. Dwight, Jr,

36 - Spizella socialis.

Auk. 4, Jan., 1887. p.lQ

Breeding Dates of Birds in Kings
County, N.S. Watson L. Bishop.

Chipping Sparrow ( Spizella domestica). May
25, 28. June 2, 4, 10, 18, 28.

O.& O. XIII. Mar. 1808 p.45

Summer Bds. Restigouche Valley, N.B,
July,’88. J. Brittain and P. Cox, Jr.

Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow.-

ton.

-Only seen about Campbell-

Auk, TL April. 1889. p.118

Snuuner Birds of Sudbury, Out.

■ 560. Chipping Sparrow. Tolerably common.

0 4 &0 9 XYi June. 1390, p-87

\ Dwight, bummer Birds of

Prince Edward Island,

Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow— STot a common species, and
only occasionally observed.

Auk X, Jan, 1898. p,12

IS

]r c ^ (jLc~l\ i )Q{ llf ' yC/ , //<* ^ 'f 7 ' ^ t

4^ <s.<^ ?.'

Chipping Sparrow ( Spizella socialis ). — Last Oct. 12, a large
sparrow wave passed through the country near Eganville, Ren-
frew Co., Ont. There were Tree Sparrows, Juncos, White-crowned
and White-throated Sparrows, and the present species. Among
these last were a great number having one or several pink excres-
cences on feet or wings, which seemed to be of a somewhat horny
texture. One, on the wing of a specimen I took, was as large as
a pea. I never before noticed such growths to be so common as on
that day.

C iv, /f/r 7 , 4T/

44. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow. — Only one met with,

August 4.

pA-Ajtj //' "fixAAx/ .

, 2 i 2 : S , pizelIa socialis. Chipping Sparrow.- Summer resident, abun-
breedts" 1 5 t0 ° Ct ° ber 3; earliest ’ March 16 i one of our most common

SummerResidents on Southwest
Coast of Maiae, T. H , Montgomery , Jr,

560. Chipping Sparrow. Rather uncommon;
saw t his species at Boothbay and Camden.

Q,emdQ, Nov,l89Q< P,1Q2

Bir4a Ob*. at Moulton boro, N.H.
July 21 -Au*. 11, IB33 F . H. Allen

Spizella socialis. — Common.

Attk.VT. Jan., 188©. p. 78

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4- 12, ’85, and4-ll, *80.W.Fa..on

29. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow. — Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H. June 11-21
'86, and June4-Aug, 1,’87, W. Faxon

36. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow.— C ommon.
Auk, V. April, 1888. p.152

*=• £*• av. ’sa

x armer, Amoskeag, N. H.

Chipping Sparrow, a single pair.

O.&OV0LI7, Sept. 1802 p. 13Q

V't/Uf. aJkut&cu*/ Shelburne, N.H. Aug. 8-29-1805. R.E

, Profile House, N.H. Aug. 1-12-1807.

r Eye Beach, N.H. 1860-1885.

1 y^-tJyCo~ e>L end ( ‘-‘-C /<A-uT iyX, iyi>t /yj*

RyeBerfbh, N.H., July 2^-24 188i£

/Z*. Ace #^4/ ■ —

Bds. Obs. at Franconia and Bethlehem
N.H. July- August, 1874. J, A. Allen

26. Spizella socialis. Common.

AttlS-i V. Ayr.!, 1888. p.164

Birds Obs, at Bridge^rater, N. H.
Julyl2-B«pt. 4, 1883. F.H. Allen

Spizella socialis. — Common.

Auk, VI. Jan. , 1889. p. 7

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

1894.

in. I ri*'~ *<* *?**/•• f- **

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.
1895. ^ t^6*- Afc<.

&> 3 -

< 7 =- /- -? 3 - </- > 5 -.*. 4 i;*

V.JJi*-<* -IcMUs.

r ^ *JtA 4Sy*4 <A> - /

__ «Jt yv^JU ^

*te~ « '■' '■<- ^

; ^ ^ ^ Ma, ^ / cZ, ' v 'i

/^« /-/

rtt: rtf 4.

Chipping Sparrow, . . - J

<«. /. !<dv^v<y<*. n^cU^M*-

°' & °- ^ Apr. 1885. p. 6^

Summer Bds.Ht. Mansfield, Vt. _

42. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow. — Common in the valley.

by Arthur H. Howell. Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.342.

<J 4-t Mass. - near Cambridge.

A u tyu / vV * t /A/AifA^'/f S ° 17^

Mass. ( near Concord ).

JX)q

Mo^

< J twx .
d^jjLj

**. 7*

ti.7*

/y , z
/o .*

I A

2 , 5 ' *-.?/•*

£Ut..X^ f^./V

/m

v/c^v^-vAw y _ X i

$ fristnxXC*-' ( y^r<~A.aJ^

Mass, (near Cambridge).

1887

/ 6 * 5 ?’

!) ^o^aaTLa

hi “1> [JltlTwrXL /

/m

y - ^ c*

L - c ^ \r gd^

A

Z!

36. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow. — Abundant.

Auk. VI. Jan. .

Bdfl. Obs. near Oraylock M; Fshir®
Oo. Maas. June 28™ July 16. W, Faxon

32. spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow. — Common wherever the
land is tilled.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.101

< yir' / CV(XtsL-

•4 WjirfL.

2. Chipping Sparroti). A single bird ol this
species was observed at Wood’s IIoll, on
December 23d. As it was not seen after that
date, it may have been a very late migrant,

although birds typical of the winter mi-fauna ,
namely, the American and White-winged
Crossbills, the Snow Bunting, Shrike and
Snowy Owl, were seen on considerably earlier
dates.

0.&O.Vol.l7, June, 1892 p.82

o/x2t-Xx~ OJ? c-^Di f / 3 , / S'-

^ , ]/*-<j2*yua,

(l aJtjJL

*^eJf PhA ^^ 175

Auk, XVI,

f fxfx -^Crt-c a-'Ccsf

/M:

^ /3«/r^//»i /a /a /7?

/^ v /?* Ho % ' /■> - 26 -* < 2 ?’V - 2 ^,^ v?/^
J ^

<)cuyso

^/Vw/o f

/^Ojf i /D^A*
v-ryj^ 'Ifo-A/l/j .

MARCH 15, 190a

;~ < T'V-< «-. ^ _ A r-t-v^rc-wv^A % ;

I Birds from a

Door-Yard

Delights That Lie Within One’s Easy
Reach

A'"

BY ^ALPH HOFFMANN

A pair of ^chipping sparrows are my only
other Constant fellow-residents. Bach year
I And the nest, sometimes in the spruces,
often in an apple-tree, once in the grapevine.
The male has the honor of receiving, in
Mr. Brewster's list of Cambridge birds,
highest honors for punctuality; in 1903 he
appeared on .March 26, breaking all previ-
ous records by four or five days.

<v< 7 UV

.

Lr-tr^r

- ( <j , ( <fo J

The Length of Life of the Chipping Sparrow and Robin. — It is so

rarely that one gets a chance to estimate the length of life of many of our
birds that this bit of information may be worth presenting. The late Prof.
Alpheus Hyatt has kindly sent me the following note on the Chipping
Sparrow ( Spizella socialis) from a friend of his, Mrs. H. S. Parsons, who
lives in Annisquam, Mass. “The bird you wish to know about,” she
writes, “came to notice first in the door yard. It seemed quite tame and

would not fly when crumbs were thrown out. Then I began to feed it from
my hand, and it soon became so tame that it would fly to meet me, and
would come in at the open door or window. I would call it to me at any
time if it was within sound of my voice. It went away in October and
returned the last of April. It would come to the doorstep all ready for
crumbs and would light on my hand and peck a piece of cake. I would
have known it from its manner, but it had lost a joint of one toe, which
I thought a sure mark. It would always bring its young to the door, and
sometimes into the house, and they, too, would be very tame. One sum-
mer it brought with its own a young bunting and fed it, a much larger
bird than the sparrow. The chippy came nine summers and the last one
one morning after a cold rain storm the last of May, came to the win-
dow seeming weak and sick. We fed it but it grew weaker and in a few
hours it died.” I have a like story reported to me from Milton, Mass.,
where a Robin returned for four years. — Reginald Heber Howe, Jr.,
Long-wood, Mass. Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p/>. 2.o<i-Z<>S

t

s A . /

fl . d- .[

VwuA 27 , / f 3

z-t ...

A Chipping Sparrow in late December at Boston, Mass. — On December
21, 1909, close to the shore of Chestnut Hill Reservoir within the limits of
the city I found a brightly plumaged Chipping Sparrow ( Spizella passerina)
picking busily and happily on the grass about some evergreens at midday.
The temperature was at the frost point, but no snowfalls to remain had
occurred up to that time. There had been several mornings of tempera-
tures as low as 16° to 20°, however. I would naturally have expected the
sparrow to be a Tree Sparrow, but it was a veritable Chippy, with which I
spent ten minutes. Mr. William Brewster, in his 1 Birds of the Cambridge
Region, ’^jives one December record, that of a bird seen by him at Water-
town on December 31, 1869. The severe Christmas blizzard came four
days later, depositing a foot and a half of snow, and this belated sparrow
was not again seen. Mr. Brewster gives October 25 as the date of depar-
ture of the last Chippies; Dr. Townsend for Essex County, October 28.
My records in the last three years extend the season somewhat later.
They are: two Chipping Sparrows on the Common on October 30, 1907 and
1909; one on November 1, 1907, at Arlington, two on. the 5th at Waverley,
five on the 6th in Brookline, two on the 9th in Stoneham; one on October
29, 1908, at Chestnut Hill; a company of ten on November 5 and 7 of the
same year at Stoneham; and one at the same locality in Stoneham on
November 6, 1909. — Horace W. Wright, Boston, Mass.

Auk 47,*ar-i bio p. .

(StoAa cct Q t_aAj!hx™ , QflcuU .

Connecticut, June, 1893*

$W\ A- 3 n> ' '* 1'a ^^t A

»• ,$-* ^ y 7 ** ^‘t'jo ( * //-

-v ^ -X' *• “ # J ■* *v

f \ ^ &U s%/c

* ,- /v » z^/7- 5 /tr*/?V

u < • jlj. ' / 0 .■* * - *

*

^ i

a

7

* * *

a^^x.^,:x ^ 7"'-

dMU&rXJi T£~» \r& y*

* ? iiiliuiiwffl’n ,

jfyAwVA^ KhAM <X^

dCJt A^t-Ju v ^ ^j-7

O-Civ-C,/ Wc+fX t/~ t Sn * y ~ij f

« . — ^ t l I iL . v ZovfvTj W>vw-»-A,

£TXr ’> *+y

Birds observed .in Naval Hospital
Grounds. Brooklyn, G.H, Canes

39. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow.— Very common; breeds.

SoILN.O.C. 4, Jan. , 1879, p, 32

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C.H.Memajta.

68. Spizella domestica (Bartram) Coties. Chipping Sparrow.
Breeds, but not common. Nests about the Forge at foot of Fulton Chai

Bull. N.O.O, 9, Oct, 1881, p,230

cXt-\ (j C7w J ( Iajuj cnJ\ Jj *9 0 0

2.o 7 r2,S".

Chipping Sparrow. Common in small flocks.

B. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.298.

Descriptions of First Plumage of Ger-
' tain North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster.

68. Spizella socialis.

First plumage : male. Above light reddish-brown, lighter and with an
ashy tinge on the nape and rump, every feather streaked centrally with
dark brown. Superciliary line and a poorly ‘defined median stripe upon
the crown pale fulvous. Beneath ashy-white, spotted and streaked every-
where, excepting on throat, anal region, and crissum, with dull black.
Prom a specimen in my collection shot at Cambridge, Mass., July 9, 1873.
Bull. N. O.O. 3, July, 1878. p. /.?/.

Albinism and Melanism in North
American Birds. Buthven Deane,

t tT£ S. socialis,

BuiL N. 0.0. 1, April, 1876, p. 21

4

Idinistic Plumages,

R, Deane.

A pure

white Chipping Sparrow, in first plumage, is in possession of Mr.
N. C. Hammond.

BulLN.O.O, 5, Jan., 1880. p, 20

G

0

ML

. Jj/k^j j) (Ast~~ *] - 3o ££Z*sf

t ,/^ji ^

^Ua ct^JL^C^ ^^-1 ^

The Singing of Birds. E. P.Bieknell.

Spizella domestica. Chipping Sparrow.

i he familiar song of this domestic species we hear in almost
every kind of weather, from the bird’s arrival in early April on
into the summer, usually with no evident falling oft' until towards
the end of July. Then singing becomes less general with the
species, and it may cease in the first week of August, though
more often, perhaps, prolonged into the second week. My
dates for final songs are from the 5th -to the 15th, with a single
record of the rSth.

Almost two months may now elapse before the song of the
Chipping Sparrow is heard again ; then singing is transiently
resumed. This supplementary song-period occupies a few days
only. I have nevei known it to last a full week in any one year,
howevei abundant the birds might be. The greatest range in the
dates of several years is from September 24 to October 10. The
first songs of this latter period are sometimes imperfect.

Auk, 2, April, 1885. p.

Editor O. & O.:

From time to time, 1 have noticed in your
valuable journal articles soliciting contribu-
tions from “young” ornithologists. The arti-
cle in the May number by Harry E. Taylor, on
“Songs in the Night,” recalled to mind a few
observations in my own experience. The
Chipping S parrow is. I think, the most indif-
ferent as to the proper time for singing of any
bird I know. At about the noon hour when
the excessive heat and sultriness of our sum-
mer days causes a general silence throughout
the bird- world, it is quite a common occur-
rence to hear the Chipping Sparrow break
forth into his monotonous strain as though he
desired notoriety. Then, also, many a time
during a heavy rainstorm I have hoard him
sing from the sheltered retreat of some shady
tree as though he considered the shower no
great set-back to his cheerfulness. I have
also heard the self-same monotonous ditty re-
; peated in the “dead hours of night” often-
times; and I think that if there is any bird
that sings at odd times, anytime^ and all the
time, it is the Chipping Sparrow.

Several years ago my attention was called to the large
number of Chipping Sparrow’s nests that were empty and >

overturned. For every nest with young of this kind, I find It, #VOv ' v ft*
the average is a little more than ten that have been de-
spoiled. This is the work of Catbirds, for I have seen
them robbing the nests many times.

u/. tv. «?<►* _

9

Took a Chipping Sparrow’s nest with
one of her eggs and one Cow Banting’s in
it. The Sparrow had built over the top
of the nest a perfect net work of horse
hair, same as the lining of the nest, and
so nicely that although one could see the
eggs plainly it could be turned “ bottom
side up” and the eggs not fall out. I never
saw this before in Chipping Sparrows’
nests. “ I put ’em in the bag” with the
rest.

Nesting Notes from Connecticut.

I found a Chinning S parrow’ s nest on
the limb of an apple tree containing one
egg and a Cowbird’s egg. I took the
Cowbird’s egg and in a few days after I
noticed a pair of Robins building on the
top of the Chipping Sparrow’s nest, and
when they had completed their set of four
eggs I took both nests by cutting off the
limb. On removing the Robin’s nest it
exposed two eggs which were in the Chip-
ping Sparrow’s nest. ^

O.&O. Till. Oct. 1883. p. /p
Birds Tioga Co, N, Y. AlaenLoring

211. Chipping Sparrow. Common. Arrives
from the south March 22d, or later, in small de-
tached flocks. About the middle of May or a
little later these birds begin nest building. This
is placed in a crotch at the end of a limb of an
apple tree, or in a small pine or evergreen. It
is deeply hollowed and is very frail, often
blowing down and spilling its contents. It is
composed mostly of small grass and horse
hair and is lined with horse hair. The eggs,
usually four in number, sometimes three, are of

<

d. Spizella socialis. Chipping Sparrow^Six
deserted nests containing one or more eggs eacli *
of the Cowbird have been recorded. These
nests usually contained an egg or two of the
Sparrow, which, like most of the Cowbird’s.
had been chipped in the sides and part of the
contents gone. It is usually the habit of the
Cowbird to watch closely a nest which is
about completed, and when the first egg is
laid it generally deposits one or more of its
own. It will then revisit the nest in a day
or two and if the eggs are thrown out, which
quite often is the case, another is deposited,
and the result will be that the bird is either
forced to desert its nest or hatch the in-
truder’s egg.

In this locality the Chipping Sparrow is a
great sufferer from the Cowbird’s obstructive
habits. To illustrate the difficulty experi-
enced iii this direction I give the substance of
my observations on a pair which built re-
peatedly in some evergreens about the prem-
ises. Their first nest as soon as completed
was noticed by a female Cowbird which had
been about for some time, and for several
days it made a visit to the nest (always when
the birds were away feeding) each day until
the first egg had been deposited, when im-
mediately a Cowbird’s egg appeared, which,
when discovered by the Sparrows, was thrown
over the edge of the nest, hut the next
day another was left by the Cowbird, which
was broken within the nest, perhaps in at-
tempted efforts to remove it. This nest was
then deserted and another commenced not far
from it, which fared with materiallythe same
results.

It was now quite late in the season, and
although the pair of Sparrows remained
about constantly they did not make further
attempts to raise a brood. I know of no in-
stance of tiie Chipping Sparrow’s ever
hatching a Cowbird’s egg.

Oi&Oi XlV*S£pt, 1889 p 138

Chippie’s nest on the top of a post about
twenty feet from the ground. A beam
rested on the edge and a couple of strips
were nailed on either side and a board pro-
jected over them, making a sort of box.
The nest was built like any other Chippie s

and about jjtea&Sp.'/*/

Philo W. Smith, St. Louis, Mo.

General Notes ]

Abnormal Eggs of Spizella socialis. — On July 4, 1892, at Lake Grove,

Long Island, New York, I secured a remarkable set of four eggs of the
Chipping Sparrow {Spizella socialis ) . Instead of the normal gieenish
blue, the ground color of the eggs is a dirty or greenish -white ; they are
thickly specked, spotted and blotched all over, more thickly at the larger
end, where the spots become confluent, with dark russet-brown and a few
faint blotches of lavender. Their average size, .73 X .55 inch, is slightly
greater than the average of six sets in my collection, which is .68 X -S3
inch. Their shape’ is rather more pointed than is usual in eggs of this
species, yet they can be quite closely matched, both in shape and size, by
eggs from my collection. They were nearly hatched. I saw the bird on
the nest on four or five different occasions, as I wished to fully satisfy my-
self of the identity of the eggs.— Arthur H. Howell, Brooklyn , N. T.

Auk IX, Oct, 1892. p.395

*/

Several years ago my attention was called to the large , & • v
number of Chipping Sparrow’s nests that were empty and (0 ^ »

overturned. For every nest with young of this kind, I find d,
the average is a little more than ten that have been de- , /*/(,
spoiled. This is the work of Catbirds, for I have seen
them robbing the nests many times.

, 67. _ . u>. UA _

( MBBfc— ■

Took a Chipping Sparrow’s nest with
one of her eggs and one Cow Bunting’s in
i it. The Sparrow had built over the top
of the nest a perfect net work of horse
hair, same as the lining of the nest, and
so nicely that although one could see the
eggs plainly it could be turned “ bottom
side up and the eggs not fall out. I never
saw this before in Chipping Sparrows’
nests. “ I put em in the bag” with the
rest.

Oi-&. X1L. &£c. ifr&Z. /o. t*H-

Nesting Notes from Connecticut.

I found a C hipping S parrow ’s nest on
j the limb of an apple tree containing one
egg and a Cowbird’s egg. I took the
Cowbird’s egg and in a few days after I
noticed a pair of Robins building on the
top of the Chipping Sparrow’s nest, and
when they had completed their set of four
eggs I took both nests by cutting off the
limb. On removing the Robin’s nest it
; exposed two eggs which were in the Chip-
I ping Sparrow’s nest. ^

0.&0.m Oct. 1883. p. /f-

! Birds Tioga 00, N.Y, AidenLoring,

211. Chipping Sparrow. Common. Arrives
from the south March 22d, or later, in small de-
tached flocks. About the middle of May or a
little later these birds begin nest building. This

J/QAAAj GUJ &{nAsAr-isCirC<t

8. Spizeila socialis. Chipping Sparrowj? Six
deserted nests containing one or more eggs each
of the Cowbird have been recorded. These
nests usually contained an egg or two of the
Sparrow, which, like most of the Cowbird’s,
had been chipped in the sides and part of the
contents gone. It is usually the habit of the
Cowbird to watch closely a nest which is
about completed, and when the first egg is
laid it generally deposits one or more of its
own. It will then revisit the nest in a day
or two and if the eggs are thrown out, which

quite often is the case, another is deposited,
and the result will be that the bird is either
forced to desert its nest or hatch the in-
truder’s egg.

In this locality the Chipping Sparrow is a
great sufferer from the Cowbird’s obstructive
habits. To illustrate the difficulty experi-
enced in this direction I give the substance of

1

1

1

nSn Hid fl'lTCT CO T4~>TT C T o * rv.Ti*» n , 111^1 f...

A somewhat similar case was the finding of
seven eggs of the Chipping Sparrow ( Spizeila
domestica ), in one nest last summer. It is very
unlikely that one female laid them all —J. P. N.

O.&O. SI. Sept. 1886. p. /3JT

is placed in a crotch at the end of a limb of an
apple tree, or in a small pine or evergreen. It
is deeply hollowed and is very frail, often
blowing down and spilling its contents. It is
composed mostly of small grass and horse
hair and is lined with horse hair. The eggs,
usually four in number, sometimes three, are of
• a light green color spotted and scrawled with
black and obscure brown. The measurement
of the egg is usually 14-16 in. by 1-2 in. Two
broods are usually reared in one season. This
little bird is one of the many victims of the
Cow Bunting or Cowbird. As winter approaches
some of these birds go south, but the majority
of them stay with us the entire winter. At
this time their food consists of seeds which l Notes

they find on the snow and pick off the woods, j On July 4, 1892, at Lake Grove,

O a &Q, 2Y, lane, I8S0, P?§8 remarkable set of four eggs of the

snipping e>p-<irrow \opizella socialis'). Instead of the normal greenish
blue, the ground color of the eggs is a dirty or greenish -white ; they are
thickly specked, spotted and blotched all over, more thickly at the larger
end, where the spots become confluent, with dark russet-brown and a few
faint blotches of lavender. Their average size, .73 X .55 inch, is slightly
greater than the average of six sets in my collection, which is .68 X -S3
inch. Their shape’ is rather more pointed than is usual in eggs of this
species, yet they can be quite closely matched, both in shape and size, by
eggs from my collection. They were nearly hatched. I saw the bird on
the nest on four or five different occasions, as I wished to fully satisfy my-
self of the identity of the eggs. — Arthur H. Howell, Brooklyn, N. T.

Attk IX, Oct. 1892 . p .395

Chipping Sparrows Nest. — I found a
Chippie’s nest on the top of a post about
twenty feet from the ground. A beam
rested on the edge and a couple of strips
were nailed on either side and a board pro-
jected over them, making a sort of box.
The' nest was built like any other Chippie’s
and about

.Philo W. Smith, St. Poms, Mo.

June 25 - 30 , 1889 .

Ash b y, H t .W at at 1 c- — Generally distributed, every-
v/he re common in the open cultivated country. Mot seen in or very
near woods except on fit Watatic where it w as found throughout he
thickets of young spruces in the pastures nearly to the top of
the mou ntain- The resemblance between the song of this species
and that of the Snow Bird is so very close that where the two
species are found together, as was the case on fit 'atatie, it is
extremeialy difficult to distinguish them by their songs unless
the bird is very near. ( See notes under snow Bird)

Familiar Chipping Sparrows— Miss Katie Hine. of Vienna, Virginia,
has for several years past had Chipping Sparrows, Spizella socialh, visit
lier home each summer. The first year it was noticed that one of the
pair had the claw missing from the middle toe. This bird came with its
mate for three successive years and then ceased its visits. The second
year there came also with them another pair, one of which, at least, was
suspected to be the young of the first year. Now there are two pairs of
adults' so familiar that I observed them fly to her feet and clamor for
crumbs of bread while we were at the dinner table. In the afternoon
they frequently alighted near her and even fed from her hand. Thev
know the window of her bedroom, and each morning they assail the
panes of glass, making quite a noise to arouse her for their accustomed
food. L. M. Turner. Smithsonian Institution, Washington , D. C.

Auk, 2, Oct. , 1885. p. J S'O -

22 .

General Notes,

Taming a Chipping Sparrow ( Sfiizella socialis). — In the spring® of 1891
a Chipping Sparrow built its nest in a honeysuckle vine which covers a
stairway and balcony to my studio. It was begun while I was absent
from home for a few days, and was on the railing just at the head of the
stairs. I therefore avoided the balcony as much as possible until one egg
was laid, using an inside entrance from the house.

I then began the experiment of taming the birds, standing for long
periods in the doorway until the mother bird would at last go back and
forth quite freely to the nest, and would sit upon it while I was there, at
a distance of perhaps four feet.

Soon I tried sitting upon the top steps of the narrow stairs, which
brought my head on a level with the nest, and it was not long before she
also tolerated my presence there. I was so near that we sat and looked
into each other’s eyes.

to identify one of them, though I made advances to every ‘Chipping-bird’

I came upon, hoping to receive some sign of recognition.

At the end of that time we had a succession of rainy days, and in one
of them hearing a chattering going on outside my door, I looked out, and
,n the balcony, in the pouring rain, sat side by side two fat ragged young
Chippies, while the mother bir^ 'yen t busily from ere to the other, fee; — g
them' with dry crumbs, which were not three feet away in the shelter of
the door, where they could easily have helped themselves.

That was the last I ever saw of them. But the nest remained and was
still there the following February. There had been warm days which
brought a few Bluebirds, but then followed a snow and ice storm which
kept the trees and shrubs coated with ice for several days. We had watched
a small flock of Bluebirds, in apparent distress, hovering about the house
on one of the coldest of these days, and as night came on a number of
them tried to find shelter under the eaves of my studio door, but flew away
again. Just at sunset, however, one of them came back, and flew straight
into the deserted nest! I watched until dark and he was still there, and I
concluded that he spent the night.

Last spring we noted an interesting instance of devotion in a mother
bird to her young. A Least Flycatcher built its nest in a half dead apple
tree in our dooryard. We had a very hot day when the birds were only a
few days old, and there being no leaves to shelter them, they evidently
suffered from the heat, their heads hanging from the nest. We noticed
later that the mother bird had taken a position just above them, and with
outstretched wings was trying to shield them from the sun. She regained
there for fully two hours, not even leaving them to bring food. When
we saw that she also was panting with the heat, we decided to come to
the rescue, and hoisted with a rake a grain bag over the nest for an
a waring. Immediately the male bird appeared, and both of them seemed
to understand that all was well, and went busily to work catching insects
for the young birds, who rapidly revived. — Amelia M. Watson, East

Windsor Hill , Cl. ftrrir XI. July. 1894 P. 266-*'7

33

0 — returned ior three successive years, and each

time raised two broods of young. Last year it failed to appear, so I

suppose has lived out its little life. — Wirt Robinson, ist. Lt. 4 th U. S.

Art., Washington Barracks , Washington , D. C.

Auk XI. Oot. 1894 p. 828

General Notes.

Taming Chipping Sparrows. — I noticed in the last number of ‘The
Auk’ (Vol. XI, p. 256) a reference to the taming of a Chipping Sparrow
(■ Spizella socialis ). My father has always had a great fondness for birds
and has devoted a great deal of time to ornithology. Some four or five
years ago, at my home in Nelson County, Virginia, there were several
pairs of Chipping Sparrows building in the rose bushes around the porch
along the front of the house. It was the custom of my father upon leaving
the breakfast table every morning to put several pieces of bread in his
pocket with which he fed the dogs who always were waiting his appear-
ance. He generally threw a few crumbs on the floor of the porch for the
Chipping Sparrows and they soon learned to expect his coming. Setting
to work in a methodical way he soon had one of the little birds so tame
that it would perch on his hand and pick crumbs from his palm, and in a
short while it became so familiar as to go to any one of the household in
the same way. (I send with this three photographs which show the
bird perched on and feeding from the hand of different members of the
family.)

In the fall the bird left with the other migrants, but, to our surprise,
returned in the spring without any symptoms of shyness, evidently
remembering us all. It returned for three successive years, and each
time raised two broods of young. Last year it failed to appear, so I
suppose has lived out its little life. — Wirt Robinson, 1st. Li. 4th U. S.
Art., Washington Barracks , Washington , D. C.

Auk XI. Oct. 1864 p. 328

&

A Prisoner from Greediness.

A few days ago, while walking in the gar-
den, I saw a Chipping Sparrow (Spizella socialix)
make several attemps to fly from the ground.

I thought at first the bird was wounded or
had become entangled in a string or horse-
hair, and was therefore unable to get free,
but what was my surprise on going to the spot
to see a green blade of grass protruding from
the bird’s bill while it was still fastened at the
root end where it grew. I easily took the bird
in my hand, and plucking the blade of grass
brought the bird indoors. I endeavored to pull
the blade from the bird, but after extracting
an inch or more it broke off, and compared
with while I was pulling, the bird seemed
relieved.

On dissecting I found a grasshopper in the
stomach and fully two inches of the grass
blade wrapped around it.

The bird in its eagerness to catch and swal-
low the grasshopper had also swallowed a part
of the growing grass blade on which it doubt-
less rested, thus becoming a prisoner by its own
greediness. Shelley W. Denton.

Brewster’s Museum, Cambridge, Mass,, June 26, 1889.

O &Q. X IV. July. 1889 p.109

607. Sagacity of the Chipping Bird. By E. E. Fish. Ibid., p. 119.

" " ' OTI . Bdf. mt. Field Club. 1883

1046. Untimely death of a chipping sparrow. By W. L. Poteat. Ibid.,

VI, July 24, 1885.— Hung by the neck by becoming entangled in a horse- -

eT /XJ ’ 1 ’

hair from its nest.

88 ^ Unusual Nesting Places \_of the Robin and Chipping S*arrtm\
By Seym. Ingersoll. XIV, p. 324. For , g , ^ ] '

k, XII, . - >5, &P-/9Z-3.

A Set of Unspotted Eggs of the Chipping Sparrow. — Nests of the
Chipping Sparrow ( Spizella socialist are frequently found containing
one or two of the eggs without spots, but never until the past summer
have I found or heard of a set in which all the eggs were devoid of
markings. The set in question was found at Milford Mills, Chester
County, Pa., on May 17, 1894, at which time the nest contained two eggs.
Being obliged to leave the locality on the following day, I had Mr. Frank
Powell forward me the nest and eggs as soon as the set was complete.
On close inspection there is seen a faint suggestion of a few small spots
on the larger end of one of the eggs, but this is not noticeable on casual
examination. The eggs are somewhat shorter than the ordinary type,
but the transverse diameter is greater, thus giving them more of a
rounded appearance. Their color, aside’ from the absence of spots, is
normal. There was nothing unusual about the nest, it being composed
of dried grass and lined with horse hair. It was built in the forks of a
limb of an apple tree in an orchard. — Willard L. Maris, Newtown , Pa.

p „ Auk, XII, July, 1895, p-3 of.

Peculiar Nest of a Chipping Sparrow. — Regarding the use of unusual

materials in the construction of nests, the following note may be of
inteiest. A nest of Spizella socialis was found in Boylston, Mass., June 9,
1890, built entirely of hog’s bristles. It was very white and neatly made
but being placed in the underpinning of a cider mill in an exposed place,
where it was quickly discovered by children, it was abandoned before
any eggs were laid.— Helen A. Ball, Worcester , Mass.

The Feeding Habits of the Chipping Sparrow

BY CLARENCE M. WEED

NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Durham

Bulletin 55 July, 1898

NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Durham

BOARD OF CONTROL

Hon. FRANK JONES, Chairman , Portsmouth.

Hon. GEORGE A. WASON, New Boston.
CHARLES W. STONE, A. M., Secretary, Andover.
Hon. JOHN G. TALLANT, Pembroke.

Pres. CHAS. S. MURKLAND, ex-officio, Durham.

THE STATION COUNCIL

Pres. CHAS. S. MURKLAND, A. M., Ph. D., Acting Director.
FRED W. MORSE, B. S., Vice-Director and Chemist.

FRANK WM. RANE, B. Agr., M. S., Agriculturist and Horti-
culturist.

CHARLES H. PETTEE, A. M., C. E., Meteorologist.

PIERBERT H. LAMSON, M. D., Bacteriologist.

CLARENCE M. WEED, D. Sc., Entomologist.

ASSISTANTS

ELWIN H. FORRISTALL, B. S., Superintendent of Farm.
CHARLES D. HOWARD, B. S., Assistant Chemist.

ERNEST J. RIGGS, B. S., Assistant Horticulturist.

WILLIAM F. FISKE, Assistant Entomologist.

CLEMENT S. MORRIS, Clerk.

BULLETINS OF 1898.

Bulletin 49 — Inspection of Fertilizers. January.

Bulletin 50 — Dehorning Cattle. February.

Bulletin 51 — Sweet Corn in New Hampshire. March.

Bulletin 52 — Growing Muskmelons in the North. April.

Bulletin 53 — The Farm Water Supply. May.

Bulletin 54 — The Winter Food of the Chickadee. June.

Bulletin 55 — Feeding Habits of the Chipping Sparrow. July.

The Bulletins of this Station are sent free to any resident of New Hampshire
upon application.

An Observation on the Feeding Habits of
the Chipping Sparrow

BY CLARENCE M. WEED

I T is now generally acknowledged that birds are of
great importance as checks upon insect life.
The studies made by several American investi-
gators upon the food of birds have shown beyond
ail doubt that these feathered allies of the farmer
(\ \ are essential to successful agriculture.

In the investigations yet recorded there have
) \ been comparatively few observations of the pre-

cise daily feeding habits of birds under natural
conditions. This is necessarily so because of the
difficulty of making such observations. In this short bulletin
I wish to record a series of observations made during one
long day in June (the 22d) by my assistant, Mr. W. F. Fiske,
and myself upon a family of chipping sparrows {Spizella
socialis) that had nested in a small juniper near a window
from inside of which they could easily be watched. The nest
contained three 3'oung sparrows, so nearly full grown that they
hopped out of the nest the second day after these records
were made.

The observations began at 3 : 40 a.m., somewhat before full
daylight. The bird was then on the nest and remained there
quietly for ten minutes. From this I judged that the daily
task had not yet begun, it being too dark before 3 140 for even
the early worm to be seen. Between 3 150 and 3 : 55 the bird
left the nest, returning at 3 : 57 with a small object, apparently
a piece of earthworm, in its beak. Three hungry looking
mouths were widely opened, into one of which the morsel was

102 FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

dropped ; then the bird settled down on the nest and remained
two minutes, when it left.

Two minutes later both birds returned and fed the young.
One picked up excrement from the nest, flew a few feet away,
and immediately returned and sat on the nest. At 4 : 06 the
bird on the nest left (at 4 : 08 the sun rose) and at 4 : 09 one bird
returned and settled on the nest. At 4 : 13 it got off the nest
and caught an insect of some sort on a branch of the little tree
in which the nest was placed, the insect being within a foot of
where the bird was sitting. This insect was fed to one young
bird and the parent bird flew away. The record for the next
hour was as follows :

4:16 — One bird returned, fed, flew off with excrement.

4:19 — One bird returned with food ; settled on nest.

4 :25 — Bird on nest flew away.

4:30 — One bird (thought to be the male) lit in a poplar tree near
by, flew from branch to branch, then flew into tree in
which nest was, fed one young bird with an insect or
worm, then flew away.

4 : 3 ! — Th e other parent (believed to be the female) returned, fed,
and settled on the nest.

4:34— Bird on nest flew off; the other bird came at once, fed, and
flew away.

4:35 — A parent (believed to be the female) returned, fed, and flew
away.

4:38 — One old bird (thought to be the female again) returned, fed,
and settled on the nest.

4 141 — Bird on the nest left.

4:42— A parent (supposed to be the male) returned, fed, and car-
ried away excrement.

4:56 — Old bird (supposed to be the male again) returned with food
which was given to one of the young, and carried away
excrement.

4 :58 — Old bird (supposed to be the female) returned, fed one of

the- young, and settled on the nest a minute before flying
away.

4 : 59 — T!ie other bird returned, fed one of the young ones, and
cleaned the nest.

5 :o5 — Old bird (thought to be the male) returned, fed nestling,

and flew away.

5 :o7 — One parent (probably the mother) returned, fed, brooded a
moment, then flew away.

5 :io — The same bird (apparently) returned, fed, and flew off.

5 : 1 2 — Again the old bird believed to be the mother, returned, fed,
and then settled on the nest.

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW 1 03

The above record will give a fair idea of the activity of these
parents during the day. Between 5 and 6 o’clock food was
brought fourteen times ; between 6 and 7, seven times ; 7 and
8, eleven times ; 8 and 9, twelve times ; 9 and 10, ten times ; 10
and 11, seventeen times; 11 and 12, ten times. The after-
noon hours were equally well filled. During the first hour (12
to 1) fifteen visits to the nest were made, while the second hour
saw twenty-one visits recorded. Between 2 and 3 the parents
came twelve times ; between 3 and 4, nine times; between 4
and 5, thirteen times ; between 5 and 6, nine times ; between 6
and 7, ten times. The day’s work closed at 7 150, when it
was too dark to see the late worm should he still be wandering
about.

THE RECORD IN DETAIL

The detailed record of these observations for the remainder
of the day is given below in small type. The essential facts of
interest to the general reader are summarized in the paragraphs
above and at the end of the bulletin :

5:17 — The other parent (supposed to be the male) lit in a tree
near by ; the female flew off, and the bird in the tree came
to the nest, fed one of the young, and flew away.

5 :2o — The female (?) returned fed, and flew away.

5 :26— The male (?) returned, fed, and carried away excrement.

\ 5 132 — The female ( ?) returned, fed, and flew off.

5 :34— The female (?) returned, fed, and flew off.

5 136 — The male (?) returned, fed, and carried away excrement.

5 :44 — The female (?) returned, fed, and flew away.

5 : 5 1 - — The male ( ?) returned, fed, and flew away.

5 : 5 1 . 5 — The female (?) returned, fed, and flew away.

5 : 56 — The female (?) returned, fed, and flew away.

6:06 — The female (?) returned, fed, and carried away excrement.

6:08 — The male (?) returned, fed, and flew away.

6:09 — The female (?) returned and flew away without feeding the
young.

6 :i7 — The female (?) returned, fed, and flew away.

6 128 — One parent returned, fed, and flew away.

6:34 — One parent returned with a large, green worm; the nestling
to which it was given had considerable difficulty in swallow-
ing it.

6:39— One bird returned with some small insect.

6 :44 — One parent brought a small, dark-colored larva resembling
that of a saw-fly.

(A man working a lawn-mower near the nest was probably
the cause of this interval of sixteen minutes.)

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

7 :oo — Both birds returned at the same time. The object carried by
the male was too small to be identified, while the female
had a large, green caterpillar, apparently a noctuid larva.
This larva was so large that the nestling could not swallow
it without assistance from the parent. When the mother
came to the nest, the larva was held in the bill transversely.
Before it was given to the nestling the larva was turned
around so that it ran lengthwise of the bill.

7 : 14 — One parent brought a dark-colored caterpillar and carried away
excrement.

7 :i$ — One bird, thought to be the male, has been on a small poplar
tree near the nest for the last minute with something in its
bill. It has just flown to the tiny cedar shrub near by,
then to the tree in which the nest is placed, and back to
the poplar at once.

7 :i7 — The bird in the poplar flew to the nest and fed young. The
other parent made a flying visit to the poplar and flew away.

7:22 — One old bird appeared with a large caterpillar, alighting on
the poplar a moment before flying to the nest to give it to
a nestling.

7 139 — One bird brought a rather large, grey caterpillar and carried
away excrement.

7 144 — Both birds returned at once, the male with a large larva,
apparently a noctuid (the group to which the cutworms
belong) .

7 :52 — One parent brought a large, greyish caterpillar.

7 : 5 6 — One bird, thought to be the male, returned with food and
carried away excrement.

7 158 — Parent returned with a worm, fed, carried away excrement.

8 105 — One parent returned with a small insect, fed, and flew away.

8 :og — Parent returned with food, then flew away.

8 : 12 — One parent returned, fed, and flew away.

8 117 — One parent returned, fed, and flew away.

8 :24 — One bird returned to the small poplar tree with a larva,
apparently a noctuid, in its mouth. It seemed afraid to
go to the nest and remained in the poplar four minutes.
Then the other parent returned to the poplar with a worm,
looked around a moment, flew to the nest, fed the worm
to one of the nestlings, and flew away Meanwhile, the
other adult swallowed its worm and flew off without visiting
the nest.

8 :39 — One old bird visited the tree in which the nest was for a
moment and then flew away without feeding the young.

8 :40 — Both parents came at once and fed ; one, supposed to be the
male, carried away excrement.

8:43 — One old bird, apparently the mother, brought a small, dark
brown caterpillar, which was fed to a nestling, and carried
away excrement.

8 : 44 — One bird (the male[?]) brought small objects, fed, and flew
away.

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW 105

8:45 — The other bird (the female [?]) brought small objects, fed
young, and cleaned the nest.

8:47 — One parent (the mother [?]) brought a blackish caterpillar
and flew away as soon as it was given to a nestling.

8 : 5 8 — One parent brought a medium-sized, greenish caterpillar.

9:01 — One bird (the male [?]) brought some small insect, fed, and

flew away.

9 :o6 — The mother (?) brought a large, green caterpillar.

Fig. 1. — A Crane-Fly (Eaten by Young Chipping Sparrows).

9 107 — The male (?) brought some small object.

9 :i2 — The female (?) brought a very large, green caterpillar.

9 : 13 — The male brought some small object.

9:26 — One bird brought a large, green caterpillar, large enough to
be the larva of Amphipyra pyramidoides , and of very much
the appearance of that species.

9 138 — Both birds returned to the nest at the same time ; one had a
rather small larva, and the other a large, pale green one.
One bird cleaned the nest.

9:39 — One bird brought a small, dark caterpillar, and carried away
excrement.

IC>6 FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

9:51 — One bird brought a large, green caterpillar, coming through
the east side of the tree.

10:13 — One bird came to north side of tree with very small object;
carried away excrement.

10:16 — Bird entered tree by north side with small object which was
fed to one of the nestlings. The parent remained for some
time looking over the young birds.

10 : 17 — Old bird came through east side with what appeared to be a
white grub in its mouth ; fed to young and flew away.

10:19 — Old bird entered by north side with some small object;

waited some moments after feeding the nestling, then set-
tied on the nest and warmed the young.

10 -.24 — One of the parents came through the east side of the tree
with a large, green worm ; one of the nestlings ate it and
immediately opened its mouth for more.

10 :25 — Other parent entered from north side of tree with small object.

10:28 — Bird entered from north side again with small, black insect.

10 130 — Bird entered from north side with very small object.

10 :34 — Bird entered from north side with very small object.

10:38 — Both birds came at the same time; as usual, the one that
entered by the north side brought a small object, and the
other a large, parti-colored caterpillar. The second bird
carried away excrement.

10 :4i — Bird entered from north side with a small object.

10 :43 — Bird entered from north side with a small object.

10:44 — Bird came through the east side with a large caterpillar, be-
lieved to be the larva of Amphipyra pyramidoides .

10:47 — Bird came through north side carrying at least two small
objects, one of which was given to one nestling and the
other to another.

10 :54 — Bird entered from north side.

10 : 59 — Bird entered from north side.

1 1 :io — Bird entered from north side.

11 : 1 4 — Bird entered from north side, carrying a larva supposed to be
a Drepanulid.

1 1 :20 — Bird entered from east side with a large caterpillar.

II :23 — One bird came from north side with food.

11 :24 — Bird came from east side with large caterpillar. (It is no-
ticed that the nestling that is fed opens its mouth the
widest immediately afterwards.)

1 1 130 — Bird entered from north side with a small object, and carried
away excrement.

11 :39 — Large caterpillar brought through the east side.

1 1 140 — Small object brought through north side.

11 :46 — Black caterpillar brought through north side.

11 :54 — Bird entered from east side with brown caterpillar; carried

away excrement.

12 :oi — Bird entered from east side with brown caterpillar.

12 :o2 — Bird returned and fed young.

12 :o6 — Bird returned and fed young.

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

107

12 : 1 o — Bird returned and fed young.

12:1 8 — Bird returned from north side with a green caterpillar, appar-
ently a cabbage worm.

12 :24 — Bird entered from north side with a good-sized insect.

12 :28 — Bird entered from north side with a green caterpillar.

12 :36 — Parent came from east side with a caterpillar.

12 13 7— Young fed by bird entering north side of tree.

12 138 — Young fed by bird entering north side of tree.

12 141 — Young fed by bird entering north side of tree.

12 :44 — Young fed by bird entering north side of tree.

12 :4s — Bird came through east side of tree with small object.

12 :5i— -Bird came through north side; carried away excrement.

12 156 — Bird came through east side with a blackish caterpillar.

1 :oi — Parent came through north side.

1 :°5 — Both parents returned at once ; one came through north side
of tree with small object, and the other by east side with a
green, downy caterpillar.

I :°6 — One bird brought a brown caterpillar, entering the tree from
the north side.

1 :° 7 — Bird brought greenish, black caterpillar through east side of
tree.

I : 1 1 — Bird entered north side of tree carrying small object.

1 :I3 — Bird entered north side of tree carrying small object.

1 :I4 — Bird entered east side of tree carrying large caterpillar.

1 :i6 — Bird entered north side of tree.

1 :24 — Bird entered north side.

1 :25 — Bird entered east side.

1 126 — Bird entered north side.

1 :27 — Bird entered north side.

1 :28 — Bird entered north side.

1 130 — Bird entered north side.

1 : 36 — Bird entered north side; carried away excrement.

1 136. 5 — Bird entered north side.

1 ' 37 — One bird brought a large caterpillar, coming through east
- side of tree.

1 140 — Bird entered north side.

1 :5i — Bird entered east side.

1 :J 6 — Bird entered east side.

2 :o7 — Bird entered east side ; carried away excrement.

2 : 1 8 — Bird entered east side.

2 :28 — One parent brought a very large caterpillar, coming in at the
east side of tree.

2 :29 — Bird entered north side of tree with small objects, which were
fed to two nestlings.

2 133 — Bird entered by north side.

2 139 — Both parents came at once, each bringing a good-sized cater-
pillar.

2 :4i— One bird came through north side with a small caterpillar.

2 145 — Bird came through north side.

2 .-54 — Bird came through east side.

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

108

2 158 — One parent brought a large crane-fly (Fig. 1), entering the tree
on the east side, and carried away excrement.

2 :59 — Bird fed nestlings, coming from the north side.

3 : 1 1 — Bird fed nestlings, coming from the north side.

3 : 1 5 — Bird fed nestlings, coming from the north side.

3 : 1 8 — Bird fed nestlings, coming from the north side; carried away
excrement.

3 -. 26 — Both birds came at once, having been searching the lawn
near by for a few minutes preceding.

3 :28 — One bird came to nest, entering north side.

3 :29 — Bird brought small object through east side.

3 :33 — Bird came with food from north side.

3 142 — Bird came with food from north side.

4 :oi — Bird came with food from east side.

4 :o5 — Bird came with a caterpillar from north side.

4:09— Bird came with food from north side.

4 ; 13 — Bird came with food from east side.

4:16 — Bird brought food, entering at east side.

4 124 — Bird brought food, entering at north side.

4:38 — An exceptionally large caterpillar brought through east side.
4 :43 — Bird brought food, entering at north side.

4:45 — Bird brought food, entering at north side; carried away
excrement.

4:45.5 — A large caterpillar was brought in at east side ; excrement
removed.

4 146 — Bird brought food, entering at east side.

4:52 — Bird brought food, entering at north side.

4 156 — Bird brought a caterpillar, entering at north side. Settled on

nest to remain four minutes.

5 123— Both birds came at once, one carrying a small object, and the

other a caterpillar.

5:25 — Bird brought food, entering at north side; carried away
excrement.

5:33 — Bird brought food, entering at east side; carried away
excrement.

5 139 — Bird brought food, entering at north side.

5 142 — Bird brought food, entering at east side.

5 :45 — Bird brought food, entering at north side ; fed two nestlings.

5 150 — Bird brought food, entering at north side.

5:59 — Bird brought food, entering at north side; carried away
excrement.

6:01 — A caterpillar brought in north side ; excrement carried away.
6:06 — A black insect, apparently a cricket, brought in north side.

6 : 1 5 — Small objects brought in at north side.

6:17 — Small objects brought in at north side.

6 125 — A caterpillar brought ; excrement carried away.

6 133 — Caterpillar brought through east side.

6 : 34 — Food brought through north side.

6 138 — Caterpillar brought ; excrement carried away.

6 145 — Food brought in at north side; excrement carried away.

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

IO9

6 : 57 — Food brought in at north side ; excrement carried away.

7 :io — Food brought in at north side.

7:16 — Food brought in at north side. The sky is clouded, and the
atmosphere is now becoming dark.

7 :27 — Both parents returned; one came through east side, and the
other through the north side. One had a large caterpillar,
and the other apparently also had one. Both fed and flew
away at once.

7 ;3 6 — One bird came in at north side; fed and flew away at once.

7 :49 — Now quite dark. One bird flew in, probably the female, got
on the nest a moment and then got off and wandered
round the tree a minute. Then at 7 :50 it settled down on
the nest. The young birds poked their heads up for two
or three minutes, but the old bird remained quiet, and the
young soon withdrew their heads. This was the end of the
day’s work for the busy parents.

The reason that the side of the tree through which the birds entered
was recorded was that it was believed that one of the parents always
came through the north side, and the other the east side. But the
difference in the sexes is so slight that it was impracticable to be cer-
tain of the facts of the case.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

During this busy day the parent birds had made almost two
hundred visits to the nest, bringing food nearly every time,
though some of the trips seemed to be made to furnish grit
for the grinding of the food. There was no long interval
when they were not at work, the longest period between visits
having been twenty-seven minutes. Soft-bodied caterpillars
were the most abundant elements of the food, but crickets and
crane-flies (Fig. 1) were also seen, and doubtless a great variety
of insects was taken. The precise determination of the most of
the food brought was, of course, impossible, the observations
having been undertaken especially to learn the regularity of
the feeding habits of the adult birds. That they were busy
from daylight to dark with no long intermission at any time is
shown by the record, and the observation is submitted as a
contribution to our knowledge of a subject in which much
guessing has been done on account of the lack of definite
information.

The chipping sparrow is one of the most abundant and
familiar of our birds. It seeks its nesting site in the vicinity of

I IO

FEEDING HABITS OF THE CHIPPING SPARROW

houses, and spends most of its time searching for insects in
grass lands, or cultivated fields and gardens. In New England
two broods are usually reared each season. That the young keep
the parents busy catching insects and related creatures for their
food is shown by the record on the preceding pages. The bird
certainly deserves all the protection and encouragement that
can be given it.

75

m

lii&stern Massachusetts.

/» iff

'r?

d M«U,

^ *~-k

id. a & /K~. k C*~c*~L u . rra r '~ :

ioi . /m. /j ^ . /a jt: /?.*

$■ * , / i f . ijt \nj3o i* imj. x%.n. n, (&■■
.*•«*» . * 5 'i-, «• 7 . i,

ui .z/i‘ /rv.

AV

/ 4 :

Ut 6 , *-*.

’ *

4 + 4 .

n?o

2 J

V. /s «* . /> /? ' Ol&tx^ fi AC^U g' 7j*4 • x

J z-HJnf. - zx.J.77VZH.zn !}JQ

bu. hz.h. ,,. r

i'j-. /jxj, m o

JL 7-p.JJ - ZoJl/^UiMJlVi Jtsi. U. Z 7*-U* .2?* 36 \

vk. r.

CJL. fr.

lYLosw

l

n

%J<U//2j’ _ Z3f IJJJJ

/UlSl 41 b-% 71 n f.'o " 32. H% H'i /7*/n J/~ 3oi 3/.i /W

nn

m.v.

?JL.

nrw' /n «i«

a n% <% 7 % n /oi ui /vi «* /£ * / 7 « mi /tUoU/t nun

ht.k

Cu^ ^ .*■ l ~ J&~ To-

- /y U,

&/fcr. So' 1 ' /{rf^,

r ^

&U. ZZ 'J 13* JW *.*»!>*. Z<* - rtf !.

7'~ i>*- 7~ f^/0 1 /7- /*K //- 2Z * 24 ~

QLl

hoy. r~ /III.

77fZ

d a

frJL. JtTjlU trC^jL

T

L, I V *Jy ~~. C 3 t*n<dO,l / U ft n

y_ /o / j.

im,

/ / l^-ifi^^t

J i*-£*-f

/i

*-A*a*

/L fliH(r

-y _ »2/V-_ t2L/-%- JltS~L 3,?*%- -30fi: /A’i -’ r j: <3 ,

/£- /0.i-//J../v4-/l*-/?*-/1r*./?*.Jtoi-&/* -lii- * &MC4uJ .

J&-: - J'Z - / 2j{ - J y >. ff -/?%■- /?•£• ~ 2 Ojc ~*L2% - J3sk ~&tru-<uz^ -

// fc. /f-^.V-\

‘j , / '^4-i %QZy S'i* 1 -/Z^tna.nUjJ J3-H-. 2,3^)-

Cps-it, fagc6 .-- tfa'icJid

Oau^

/W

I, L

h\ iw ,

Jc

A%L,

1.-4-V. Cat.

C\y-^sCsr~^*f.

/* XT £ * n * AJi /#£' /n Za' 2b* i.%
7 1 Tk 71 '7a% //$:

(QoMti

/Iffy,

TT^yA^ L.

Orvi^aJ -1^4.

/.£ X* 3* /f * >5" % ^ I I I */i*

iV uqva a.

- 3l /-

/m

/l „ ,.

T - / ^<^>V 6«J _

r VlOJ\AM . J— .l<*~sxlj^uj

(Z/mJL lH-% H>% m/i^/fi lo%u>rXi>\ 17* H

C«W

3*

'Cpcta, t^t^o7

‘J.t>i-Z7#-Z%& 3oi

~J>

ZZ u

7yZ--i-Z£\

2 2^ >i.

Eastern Massachusetts.

}yi^ ^ cZZ2 /y cd<_& k^X * ** /v-z^j ^ 7 ^' &- (hL^Ax^A

^ fy\JU iytf z 5 S_A. l\9\r-\ < 7 ^xt^ 2AA. ^ ^C^c.

J y^t^-<^A-X^O~\. ^ \^C*^<-^- (Av L^^CxaxaA<- ^LxCx, S^\ .u/L y\J~' y^Q A^OX^X. * /%y\sXS3-x. Ay

^ £-<U^vA>-^_^~< Ax^x^Ax- C^~M~' — L-A~- @-«--l^x~. ~ l\> 9 ^^£iX AC C ^-CK^<I O^.

/y^ -xsx. t Pt\A. /^^c-<xxt ^7 cw c^Cx/xA^ C^\S^\A* ACfju. 9'Cx^^

( ^^yC^XZji K^x.A9yrx. cCxjxIaA CX^X. LA C^aJ-xA^V-KsxA f ^ ^

/--»/? x^Y

*. ^ X,X^ ^ / 0-^^..^ <5c_ 'I-xmAZ

{yLCCAo'ho'^-l'C L/C /> IA^A-cA x.

/ /

C^tA

^A.4y-i-*L.<-* */ '

9i/Lsxj .

v- 4 wot^ ^ -* ~^y

JaAa,

tJ^L-'z.sAyf

^T) </ ^ z2/-^0^<A ^t-!4x<.-i

7 ^ c/^ i-v-*o^4

^'V-euyC^C. A ^

!/7-l ~-2cAC*-A-

0 -A-^C

7

<i<y/^\^A A &-LAa^- (A^x, ^x. yC (*ps-0xst.~<A+ <*s*y>rzi~y, /H^x <^~

Ox^x. A Aa-X'xA'j- **-*■ 99l^ ^AAx* :Ac<SA ^^*7^ <5*-*--x. A)

C^v pLx^ 'Lxxa$~?-A /X^x^y/ C^c~^y/ 4 k*=t a^^-x^xA^, . <^C &AC CAC-i^

2 Avrfr-C<_ Cx^CAAa. ^ 9 c*sOx-^- x^tyS A 7y tn^C

~fcz*^ 22

/Vi*U t A*yy? t

7 -AjL TE>/

?/—

C2x»y^x, /</C IXsxJL-

/V'X-aA^C /-^ZyC

v_^ i^9x/xy?-£xJU-0£-

~~f~~

A/^-VC^V. ,

4 *fr

&z<„

y/tA22^ i^A-xTo^x. <r/ ifetsx^f 'Z^JL^^, £*~ytcy? •

't-L-x^A, oA.d-^ L

1 ,

Zk^-p-x.iAC. ^A^Zaa^ c ^~^-o £*_*,'7 oyAh$

£c C^Aas^AjCCL A? CCyyAA 6 c . 4

*

^-vxAxj <‘u~y<-\jL- tx/CACa. cAx^-A / 2t> ‘fy'iCx./ ~AA2 'x 9 % ^x^/

'2'7xyy Ox.

*^CC-3

^y^roxyS^t fefcsy

Cx^'L^*-^ A^LtxXAx & xyA AxA^x^Ly?-\A. j ^<>4 ^ $~A2---isx*x*4 ^

A

/vxol^AT i/'^-^ao

4 ' XX^.-C^-;

/

/ ” T'

‘~A' e ''>~^ 'ij-t/^-0 /'/^ t*u*A . /^L^I

fcAi-x^ Cxx

x ^-^ 'Z>~i/\sx^ C-'^T~\ax'^o*~'ZA c2y tXysC-jA- (C r \^xy£c9 ~

3 ?

Sp izella pus ilia .

Concord, Mass. West 321(1 eg6s '

1S98< In a dr 7 pasture (near the Barrett woods where W. Deane

May 18. and I were walking this morning) we started a Field Sparrow
from her nest which was sunk in the ground under a hush and
contained three eggs.

May 22. The Field Sparrow was still sitting on 3 eggs in the

neighboring pasture this morning (near the Barrett woods).

June 5. The Field Sparrow's nest found May 18th in Mrs .Barrett ' s

pasture had their young fully grown and feathered to-day.

June 24. In the Barrett woods this morning I stumbled on a Field

Sparrow's nest built precisely like a Chestnut-sided Warder's
or Indigo Bird's - that is to say it was placed in the fork
of a hazel just under the upper canopy of foliage and fully
three feet above the ground. The nest contained four fresh

eggs.

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1090 # Quite as numerous here as at Belmont and Arlington, Mass.

July 5 and decidedly more numerous than about Concord, Mass., fre-
to

Aug. 15. quenting chiefly the shrubbery along roadsides and old wails

and neglected pastures growing up to pines, spruces, etc.

Some of these Peterborough birds are remarkably fine singers.
One at the bog near our house (on Ben Mere farm) frequently

Spizella pus ill a .

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1893.

gives, two trills on different keys, the second lower than

July 5
to

Aug. 15.

the first. Occasionally he adds a third trill on the same

hey as the first running the three together. The chip of

(No. 2 ).

louder . , .

nusilla is a little and fuller than that of socialis.

A

(/Cut

}/f fl/o

J ^JuisiA^y

t" yMt(j 4

^tr-Oz^

£yi^t£-Z*t/c7

‘ ‘ ; ; / //&’ oiX^-'z fa? ^ e-^z.-r a^e^ft

~n ^ ' '

Jfyz f^yyzZ^ tL'C^sist'

~tti-UyC_ f

y/ti/i fr-

riyyvyZ'

f- U</ iyrr,(?^c _,

iiircia of Magdalen islands.
Dr. L. B. Bishop.

42. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow.— A pair of this species in
worn breeding plumage were taken on Entry Island July 8; they evidently
had a nest in the immediate vicinity. This is, I believe, the most north-
ern record of the breeding of this species on . the Atlantic coast.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.148

Yt_Cx-^.c WJU, ~f~*) -'itj

Field Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ) . — In the large flight of
migrants noted under the preceding species, were also quite a num-
ber of Field Sparrows. This is certainly a very northerly record
for them, the place where they were observed being about eighty
miles northwest from Ottawa. A few days previously Mr. E.
White had seen one or several near this city. Despite two seasons’
diligent searching for them here in summer, I have never been
able to find one. How then can they turn up in migration, appar-
ently in the company of birds having come from further north,
seems hard to explain.

X w IV, qtf

213. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — Summer resident, some-
times abundant, April 16 to October 14; earliest record April 4, 1890;
breeds (May 23 to June 5).

SummarResidents on South-west
Coast of Main©. T.H, Montgomery. Jr.

563. Field Sparrow. Uncommon. Ob-
tained an adult $ at Bootlibay, and saw two
at Cam den.

Q,mdQ, 15, Not; 1890. P.10S

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H . Ju ne 11-21
’86, and June4-Aug. 1/87. W. Faxon

.37* Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — Common in dry
the village.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.152

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’86, and 4 1/ * 13. W. Faxon

30. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow— Very common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

a1 Bridgewaler, N H

July 12 -Sept. 4, 1883. F.H. Allen

Spizella pusilla. — Very common.

Auk, VI. Jaa. , 1M9.P.77

Bir4« OIm. at Moultonboro, N. H.
euljrax-Au*. II, 1883. F.H. Allen

Spizella pusilla. — Common.

Auk, YI. Jan. , 1®8©. P .78

Birds of HiUsboroOo. N.H. June 27/92
Arthur M. Farmer, Amoskiag,N.H,

Field Sparrow, but three rioted.

0.& O Vol.17, Sept. 1892 P.13®

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H«

/XAA A- A.^~

1894 n

UJf^ /

^ Z\» (■<■ z*" 17 ''

Tf ZK/^s ^- — ' / /»'v

AAZ

r>^f

fc-i-v

A* ^ ^

/

rv / £ / v

^/C //

ir-T^~ * 0/

/'/ivl/V'v/W

r

Z

A

<Tn^v_

A

/l — aTW

Z

-wc ^ /^7

Axy\^ , A- x V ->

<^Z>

7

/:

(f~A e^v „ A ' 7

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H«

1895,

-LLk^ J\A' J '-■ A-t^-

■h^naii V " *•*

/^(h £T

f/j (h-A jf Ny *' '

C^(rt^~( / 0 6 »TS> / r

C((>

Summer Bds.Mt. Mansfield, Vfc.

43 - * Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — Mrs. Straw reports it as a
regular breeder, she having found the nest both in 1898 and 1899.

by Arthur H, Howell. Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.342.

^ ^ - SCxaiAj U L , Uc~ '

•

-p

/E. Mass. 1885.4 / , „

7l " /c .Ur 3o- (ba.$ l

y Princeton ScButland, Mass. Aug. 2-3(688' f /

* i^°X^: 3u %° d - MaBS - JJM - ls - le88 -

Mass. ( near Concord ).

A>7 *aw~/

7i'

/o - _ // — _ U ,J X3- l!f±

•S n—y, X •% - V jc _ ^ 7.J? _ / L -

j^Lj 7,| _ <j to J _ / s - ^ j/7

A# A ? i _ /O * . /3 /6~t

•

'hi^t y

/ni

Jli^ M' 1 - ZS J XL-

Mass, (near Cambridge').

m

UUl. 23 i

h-ry, ^XU^rJTj

•

•

- c - /6 WuZctten&on, Mass. June, 1888.

Birds of Bristol County, Mass,

F ■ W. Andros.

»■»,.. p «..«<wn..),»ui s e . «°«. s»”>-

i , n er resident, common. Breeds.

O.&.O. XXI, Sept. 1887 P.WO

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

41 .SfotU* pusiHa.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p. 389

Bds. Ohs. near Sheffield, Berkshire
Oy, Maes. June 17-20, '88, "W. i-‘axon

37. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — Common.

Auk.TI. Jam., 1080. p.4&

Bds. Obs. near Qraylock Mi. Berkshire
Co. Mass. June 28 -July 16. W, Faxon

33. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — Common in the pastures of
the valleys and mountain sides.

Auk, 71. April, 1880. p.101

General Notes

The Field Sparrow Wintering in Massachusetts. — On the 19th of
December, 1892, I found a Field Sparrow {Spizella pusilla) in Wellesley,
Massachusetts, and three weeks later, January 8, saw it again in the same
place — a sheltered and sunny nook, with a weedy garden patch and plenty
of thick evergreens. My only previous meeting with this Sparrow during
the winter months was in Wakefield, Mass., December 21, 1890. — Brad-
ford Torrey, Wellesley Hills , Mass.

Auk X, April, 1893. p.200.

W. Middlesex Co. Mass.

June 25-30, 1880.

Ashby, H t Wat at lth — — One of the most abundant and

generally distributed birds of the region, ranging to the height
of about 1000 feet am the pastures on the east side of Ht Watatic.
In full sond during our stay.

.. t , ,_Aii3j:, Ayrui iooui 7.

Notes on the Winter Birds of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. — At a

meeting of the Nuttall Club during the winter of 1892, Mr. O. Bangs
reported the presence on Cape Cod of two birds which, so far as I know,
have not hitherto been recorded as regular winter residents of any portion
of New England. In a short visit to the Cape, last December, I found not
only the birds reported by Mr. Bangs, but also two other species which
are, I believe, unrecorded as winter residents of New England. The
birds, noted were the following.

Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. — I saw a flock of eight Field
Sparrows on the edge of the West Barnstable marshes, Dec. 31, 1894.
Mr. Bangs reported them in Dec. i892.Atlk, XII, April, 1896, p. <S8.

The only published lecords I am aware of for the wintering in New
England of any of the birds mentioned above (except of course of the
Rough-legged Hawk) are the two following for the Field Sparrow —
Auk, IV, p. 259 and X, p. 205. Four Field Sparrows were seen by Mr.
Tieat near Hartford, Conn., in January, 1886, and one in January, 1887.
The second record is for Massachusetts ; a bird was seen by Mr. Torrey at
Welle sley, Dec. 19, 1892, and again Jan. 8, 1893.

Cape Cod is, of course, exceptionally well fitted to shelter these birds
in winter, as snow rarely lingers there for more than a few days and
because there are extensive marshes which are always opened by the tide.

It IS probable, however, that similar conditions exist in Rhode Island and
in Connecticut, so that it would be worth while for observers in those
States to investigate the marshes there, unless indeed some, or all, of the

above-mentioned birds are already known to winter along the Sound.

Ralph Hoffmann, Belmont, Mass.

April, 1896, p.

The Field Sparrow in Arlington, Mass., in Winter. — On February 14,
1902, I saw a small sparrow on the Arlington Heights which I am confi-
dent was a Field Sparrow {Spizella pusilla). I watched him at close
range through my glass for fifteen or twenty minutes, and got all his mark-
ings, including the peculiar color of his bill. In size he was distinctly
smaller than a Junco with which he was feeding, while the Tree Sparrow,
the only other bird I know with which I could have confused him, is
larger.

I have also seen, off and on all winter, two Red-winged Blackbirds
(Agelaius phceniceus), four or five Swamp Sparrows (Melospiza georgiana),
and one Long-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus paluslris) in the Fresh Pond
Marshes, Cam bridge, ^M a

s. — Richard S. Eustis, Cambridge , Mass.

ax, April., 1902, p. ■

, (&\SLcUb <xd ■

rucdu^O Corn****- ■

vKHi.xxx//. <D<±. tfn-ft. IJ99-S-0O.

90

Connecticut, June, 1893,

^A^u, \ X

h

/)

//

ra^L

^ & %■ f %. \

1Z - ^ 47 '*■ * /? *

/f

l/\izi'ziltn" u- f

•#

V j ^ ’ ‘ K-VV'VV. VV> *

w***- ^v v a-^>*^ j^j&V^vCT ^'-‘X i

t^sZOXZ &\. ff-.A,^ 4^£j # 5-r-w

Wv-^AA^X tAAjJ'-'Ly . / ^ V

7 ‘«jt*t J/- •$>/ rVj^Ff ^LsA^!/H“VV

(LAJL-U*? Kf-^V,
ImwAvU)

ur w*- “HWt-W r KA***s**’*4*$+*vy

dX *> f\*~* $ \+ir&4^

/

tT ^ «-<7

^7/jV. . *Wi~*

WjC .a-v. iSfcy

9

‘Tax.

/*

Spizella pusilla wintering near Hartford, Conn. — This species seems
to have some inclination to winter in this vicinity, as will be seen from
the following data: While collecting Jan. n, 1886, I saw four, three of
which I shot for positive identification. Jan. 26, of this same year, I saw
another which was in company with a flock of Spizella monticola. I
could not find them again during the winter of this year. On Jan. 20,
1887, noticing a small Sparrow hopping around the door-yard I soon ap-
proached it, and found it very tame, and noticed that it was a typical
Spizella pusilla. This bird remained around here, during a very ‘ cold
snap,’ until Jan. 26, after which it suddenly disappeared. From these
facts, I think their stay here must have been voluntary, for the coldest
weather failed to drive them away, and there were several seen at different
times, which proves clearly enough that they were not all disabled birds.—
Willard E. Treat, East Hartford, Comi&jx k, 4, July 1887. P. <£

A Note Concerning Bird Mortality.— On December 24, 1917, at
Norwalk, Conn., while taking a Christmas census for ‘ Bird-Lore,’ I had an
experience so unusual and interesting that I believe it worth putting on
record. In the course of the morning I noted a Field Sparrow ( Spizella
pusilla pusilla ) flying from one clump of bushes to another, and chipping
rather excitedly. Not identifying it immediately I watched it for some
time. It finally flew into the low hanging limb of a Norway spruce, and
then dropped vertically down into a hollow in the snow, where I could not
see it. The chipping noise ceased, and though I watched for some time,
the bird did not reappear. I finally walked cautiously up to the hollow
under the spruce limb, and found the bird lying upon its back. I picked
it up. Every muscle in its body was rigid. Its feet were extended up
straight and its eyes were open wide. Its breast was inflated as though
the lungs were filled with air that it could not expel. Thinking it suffer-
ing from cold, I tried to warm it in my hand. Soon its muscles relaxed,
its eyes closed, its head drooped and it died in my hand.

Dissection of the body later, showed no apparent cause of death save
that there was little food in the stomach, a- condition that could not be
considered abnormal early in the morning. But the stomach contained
no small pebbles or grit, such as are generally present in the stomachs of
seed-eating birds. There had been snow on the ground for several days,
so that possibly the bird could not get such material, and this might have
been the cause of death. The body was not in the least emaciated, how-
ever, so that if this lack caused death, it was rather by something akin to
acute indigestion than by starvation. The previous night had not been

unusually cold, and weather conditions up to that time were normal. 57

That afternoon I picked up a dead Song Sparrow ( Melospiza melodia
melodia ) that had possibly met its death in the same manner. The number
of birds that are found dead is larger than most of us realize. Last spring
twenty-four birds were brought to me by pupils of the Bridgeport High
School. The West Haven High School has a very good collection of
mounted birds, nearly all birds that were found dead and brought in
by pupils. Most of such birds that I have examined have shown no sign
of injury. Probably many birds die in this sudden manner, but the
chances of an observer actually witnessing such a death must be very
slight. — Aretas A. Saunders, Norwalk, Conn.

if / p . f *. uv -

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.H,Merria».

6q Spizella pusilla ( Wilson) Bonaparte. Field Sparrow. - Dr A.
K Fisher writes me that he has seen the Field Sparrow about the southern
end of Lake George, in Warren County, and that O. B. Lockhart has
sets of eggs taken there. Both Mr. A. Jenings Dayan and myself have
found it in the Black River Valley, in Lewis County, where, howeve.,

is a very rare bird. ^ N.O.O. 0|O Ct, 1881, P-230

Notes, Shelter Island, N.Y.
W. W. Worthington.

Field Spar4 rows

&A/ii/l/4x>0 (rwttuL <2 jf ^

€>.& O. X. May. 1885 . p. VO.

L«ng Island Bird Notes. Wm. Dutcher

20. Spizella pusilla. FiEtD Sparrow. — Mr. S. B. Strong,
of Setauket, Suffolk Co., N. Y., brought me a fine specimen,
which he had shot on his farm January 31, 1885. It is worthy of
record, as its stay must have been voluntary, there being no
evidence on the bird itself to lead me to believe that it bad been
hurt or disabled in any manner.

Auk, 8. Oct. , 1886. p. J/Y/Z .

A Tame Field Sparrow. — An unusual experience with a Field Sparrow
(Spizella pusilla), had while in camp near Paul Smith’s, N. Y., this spring,
seems worthy of note. I will transcribe from my note-book the account
of it made at the time.

“May 3, 1908. — Last night and early this morning there was a heavy
fail of snow, covering the ground to a depth of 8 to 10 inches. The birds
had a hard time of it and a number of Juncos and Chipping Sparrows took
refuge in our tents during the night. In the morning there were fifteen
or twenty birds — Juncos, Vesper, Chipping, and two Field Sparrows —
searching for food about the tents, so, about ten o’clock, I scattered bread
crumbs and some grass seed which we happened to have in camp. While
doing this one of the Field Sparrows, a female, hopped right up to me,
paying no heed to my presence or movements, hopped on to my feet when
I stood still, allowed me to walk rapidly up to her, kneel down and stroke
her with my hand, in fact permitted me to handle her quite roughly without
showing the slightest sign of timidity. Once I pushed her away from the
seed, but she would not go and instead actually forced her head under my
fingers, raising them up in order to reach the seed beneath them. Another
time she squeezed herself in between my knees while I was kneeling on the
ground, and fed on some seed beneath me. The presence of other people
did not frighten her, for four of my men came up to watch me and she
permitted them also to touch her — all the time feeding as busily as she
could.

“ Her fearlessness was probably not due to hunger alone, for after having
eaten all she wanted, she perched herself on a heap of straw under a tent-
fiy close by, tucked her head under her wing and went to sleep. Ten
or fifteen minutes later I woke her up, whereupon, after preening herself
for a minute or two, she flew over to me and resumed feeding from my hand.
Swift and sudden movements on my part, such as casting seed, would not
frighten her in the least, even though my hand might pass within a few
inches of her. Several times pieces of bread or seed would strike her quite
forcibly, but even that would not disturb her. The other birds were all
comparatively shy, the other Field Sparrow, a male, particularly so,
though a few would allow me to approach within eight of ten feet of them.

The grass seed was invariably taken in preference to the bread crumbs.” —

E. Seymour .Woodruff, State Forester, Albany, N. Y.

A ok 25 0ct,l»0e,p^4,^

Si

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brevster.

69. Spizella pusilla.

First plumage : male. Above olivaceous-ashy, tbe feathers of the inter-
scapular region with central streaks of dark brownish-chestnut. Crown,
occiput, and nape unmarked. Entire under parts, including sides of head,
light brownish-ashy, paler posteriorly. A broad band across the breast
of fine, faint, but distinct spots of reddish-brown. From a specimen in my
collection taken at Belmont, Mass., July 30, 1875. Young of this species
in first plumage are readily separable from those of S. socialis by the plain
crown and finer spottings of the under parts.

Bull. N.O.O. 3, July. 1878. p, /*/.

Albinism and Melanism in North

American Birds* Ruthven Deane,

Bull. N.O.O. 1, April, 1876, p.21

A Field Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ) was taken
on Nov. 3 which sported a white tail. Red-bel-
lied Nuthatches have been taken on Sep. 13,

(p.+cp. xn.

hA.«i ' m fu*

f

fyt&A't • I kL&iiJWH j

<L^ IT. U . fjjj

6 J i.

ujZLlj ^tAf4vwlf( , <(& '^/ ^r , ^K*. /v^yf *-» ''■*-'

(hx^j'lL , Z\Ul ihsa^.,v*-^ <Lk.*A-Lj u«, ^ru»v

^vOT 6v ^t ^ /^,

g~a^y

fcvv^.

■ / ^vO"vvs.a-^*‘-^- ■^•'8 n/'i»*». uj

fcvv .‘Y ,/’’S~..-j !A.'->-.-cl. ^IA^4. '-^ v, iv^-wv^v-N

*“^r< , «j(u^a.

/wv

k

‘H-ji

]/'$%%,

^1

*-*A MA £*r

IHj :

A

'Mj*Z C</

- - — c^.«< -~'-

^'i-v-t A /v>u>^vth«t/. IU ^

The Singing of Birds, E. P. Bicknell.

Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow.

This Sparrow also arrives in song, except, as with other birds,-
in the case of individuals of premature advent. Singing con-
tinues with some yearly regularity until the middle of August, at
which time, or even a little before, it may cease ; or the time of
cessation may be delayed a week or ten days. Latest dates for
singing are August 29 and 31. I have noticed no indication of
singing in the autumn.

In several instances I have known the songs of early spring
arrivals to be so aberrant as scarcely to be recognizable, and have
noted similar but lesser variation in the songs of later comers.
There is also considerable individual variation in the song, the
normal song being sometimes prolonged into elaborate varia-
tions. Mr. J. A. Allen has written of this species, as ob-
served in Florida (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. II, No. 3,
p. 279), that “The songs of the males were so different from
those of the northern bird that the species was almost unrecog-
nizable by me from its notes.” As illustrating further geo-
graphical variation in voice of this species, I may quote from a
letter from Mr. Fred. T. Jencks of Providence, that “The Field
Sparrow in Illinois usually twice repeats the song he gives in
the East.” Atlk, 2 , April, 1886 . p. /t/D~/tyG>-

Field SpAKEOW.-The first nests of this
bird will be found in old fields or by the
roadsides in tufts of dry grass, some-
times in low cedars not over one or two
feet from the ground. As vegetation
commences, they build in blackberry
bushes or other deciduous shrubs above
the level of the ground.

Note on the Field Sparrow {Spizella pusilla). — On the morning
of the 8th of May, 1880, while gathering wild flowers on the banks of
a running brook in a meadow I found a nest of the Field Sparrow {Spizella
pusilla) containing four eggs. I had almost trodden upon the nest and
my first impression of its location was the fluttering at my feet of the
female bird as she left her charge at my too near approach. On the morn-
ing of the 12th the nest contained six eggs and as one of them was much
warmer than the others I presumed it had just been laid. I visited the
nest frequently and on the morning of the 19th five birds were hatched
and the sixth egg chipped. Supposing the bird to have commenced setting
immediately after laying the last egg the period of incubation could not
have exceeded seven days — one hundred and sixty-eight hours. Con-
tinuing my visits at irregular intervals I noticed the rapidity of growth in
the nestlings. The nest was not large enough to contain them all ; on the
24th one of the little birds was sitting just outside but close to the nest,
and on the afternoon of the 25th I found the nest empty. Reclining on
the grass awhile I soon heard a faint chirp somewhat resembling the noise
of young crickets, and in a few seconds several of them, and as the parents
appeared with food for the little ones a hurried fluttering from various
places within the space of a square rod revealed the presence of the family.
The next day the young birds could fly two or three rods at a time and
procure a portion of their food. Sixteen days from the commencement
of incubation the young seemed to be able to take care of themselves.
The adult birds appeared to become familiar in some degree with my visits
and exhibited less uneasiness towards the close than at the beginning, and
the male occasionally sung his richly musical strain, which resembles a
combination of some of the notes of the Song Sparrow ( Melospiza melodia)
and the Grass Finch {Pcecetes gramineus).

The mean temperature of the air during incubation week — from May
12 to 19 — was 57.61°; the extremes, 46° on the 14th and 88° on the 17th ;
rainfall, 0.21 inches on the 13th. The mean temperature from the 19th to
the 25th was 68.14°; the extremes, 52° on the 19th and 88° on the 25th;
rainfall, 0.23 inches on the 23d. — Elisha Slade, Somerset,, Mass.

Bull. N.O.C. 6, April, 1881. P* //6

Large Eggs of the Field Sparrow.

Nesting of the Field Sparrow at
Raleigh, N. C. in 1888 .

BY O. S. BRIMEEY.

These birds began laying May 7th, and a nest
with about halt incubated eggs was found Aug.
2nd, this however, is not surprising as I found
my last nest last year on Aug 26th, being the
latest date I have ever found birds eggs in this
pcality.

The nests were built of grass, or weed stems
suallv lined with horsehair and usually placed
1 small bushes or weed tussaeks, two-thirds of
ie number being from one inch to one foot
:om the ground, the remaining third being
:om eighteen inches to five feet in height,
he favorite situation seems to be on sloping
illsides in small thorn bushes, but the birds
re not particular, being abundant everywhere
1 this locality. The set complement was al-
ost invariably four in the early part of the
lason, though even then some nests only con-
ined three; but towards the end of the season
hen the second or third layings were in pro-
cess, the set was more usually three than four.

Id Nesting Site of a Field Sparrow.

BY J. F. NORRIS, JR.

)n June 30th, 1880, I found a nest of the
dd Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ) in Chester
unty, Pennsylvania, in a Hawthorn hedge,
;ht feet from the ground.

The nest and eggs (three in number) were in
respect remarkable, but what caused the
ds to build in such a high situation is a
rstery.

O &0. XIII. Dec. 1888 p.189

In reviewing some back volumes of the
“ O. & O.,” I noticed the article in November
number, 1888, “Remarkable eggs of the
Field Sparrow,” by Mr. J. P. Norris, in which
he records an unusually large egg, measuring
| .79 x .55. It is one of a set of three, the
| others being of normal size.

I have in my collection a still larger set,
both in size and number, it being a set of
|five collected by me June 9, 1884. All of
the eggs in this set are abnormally large,

| measuring as follows : .81 x .55 ; .80 x .54 ;
•80X.53; .77X.51; .75 x. 51. The nest
was built in a hazlenut bush, two feet from
the ground, in a bushy pasture.

To illustrate the great variation in size
and shape of the eggs of this species I will
give the measurements of a set of four col-
lected May 26, 1891, the nest just raised
from off the ground in a bunch of goldenrod :
.62X.52; .63X.52; .64X.50; .67X.52.

This is one of our most common birds in
the breeding season, and displays as much
variation in the situation of the nest as in
their eggs. I have found them on the ground

//,

Remarkable Eggs of the Field Spar-
row.

BY J. P. N.

During the past season I received a large and
beautiful series of sets of eggs of the Field
Sparrow {Spizella pusilla) from North Carolina.

One of the sets contains an egg which is so
large that it seems worthy of having its size
placed on record. It measures ,79x.55, and in
shape and coloration is an exact counterpart of
the two other eggs comprising the set, which
are of normal size (.6Sx .51.)

And in this connection it may be said that
unless one has seen a large series of eggs of
this species it is difficult to imagine how great
their variation is in size, shape and coloration.

o &Q. XIII. Nov. 1888 p.164

5 ?

O. AO.Vol.18, June, 1893 p.95

Field Sparrow.—' The first nests of this
bird will be found in old fields or by the
roadsides in tufts of dry grass, some-
times in low cedars not over one or two
feet from the ground. As vegetation
commences, they build in blackberry
bushes or other deciduous shrubs above
the level of the ground.

Note on the Field Sparrow (Spizella jmsilla). — On the morning
of the 8th of May, 1880, while gathering wild flowers on the banks of
a running brook in a meadow I found a nest of the Field Spavrow{Sprzella
fusilla) containing four eggs. I had almost trodden upon the nest and
mv first impression of its location was the fluttering at my feet of the
female bird as she left her charge at my too near approach. On the morn-
ing of the 12th the nest contained six eggs and as one of them was much
warmer than the others I presumed it had just been laid. I visited the
nest frequently and on the morning of the 19th five birds were hatched
and the sixth egg chipped. Supposing the bird to have commenced setting
immediately after laying the last egg the period of incubation could not
have exceeded seven days — one hundred and sixty-eight hours. Con-
tinuing my visits at irregular intervals I noticed the rapidity of growth in
the nestlings. The nest was not large enough to contain them all ; on the
24th one of the little birds was sitting just outside but close to the nest,
and on the afternoon of the 25th I found the nest empty. Reclining on
the grass awhile I soon heard a faint chirp somewhat resembling the noise
of young crickets, and in a few seconds several of them, and as the parents
appeared with food for the little ones a hurried fluttering from various
places within the space of a square rod revealed the presence of the family.
The next day the young birds could fly two or three rods at a time and
procure a portion of their food. Sixteen days from the commencement
of incubation the young seemed to be able to take care of themselves.
The adult birds appeared to become familiar in some degree with my visits
and exhibited less uneasiness towards the close than at the beginning, and
the male occasionally sung his richly musical strain, which resembles a
combination of some of the notes of the Song Sparrow ( Melospiza melodia)
and the Grass Finch {Pcecetes gramineus).

The mean temperature of the air during incubation week — from May
12 to 19 — was 57.61°; the extremes, 46° on the 14th and 88° on the 17th ;
rainfall, 0.21 inches on the 13th. The mean temperature from the 19th to
the 25th was 68. 14°; the extremes, 52° on the 19th and 88° on the 25th;
l-ainfall, 0.23 inches on the 23d. — Elisha Slade, Somerset, Mass.

BnllN.O.C. 0, April, 1881, P, //6

Nesting of the Field Sparrow at
Raleigh, N. C. in 1888.

BY O. S. BRIMEEY.

These birds began laying May 7 th, and a nest
with about half incubated eggs was found Aug.
2nd, this however, is not surprising as I found
my last nest last year on Aug 26 th, being the
latest date 1 have ever found birds eggs in this
bcality.

The nests were built of grass, or weed stems
suallv lined with horsehair and usually placed
1 small bushes or weed tussacks, two-thirds of
le number being from one inch to one foot
,'om the ground, the remaining third being'
rom eighteen inches to live feet in height,
he favorite situation seems to be on sloping
illsides in small thorn bushes, but the birds
re not particular, being abundant everywhere
1 this locality. The set complement was al-
ost invariably four in the early part of the
ason, though even then some nests only con-
ined three; but towards the end of the season
hen the second or third layings were in pro-
cess, the set was more usually three than four.
O. XIII, Sept. 188 8 P- ’.411

Id Nesting Site of a Field Sparrow.

BY J. P. NORRIS, JR-

In June 30 th, 1880 , I found a nest of the
?ld Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla ) in Chester
unty, Pennsylvania, in a Hawthorn hedge,
;ht feet from the ground.

The nest and eggs (three in number) were in
respect remarkable, but what caused the
■ds to build in such a high situation is a
•stery.

O &Q. XIII. Dec. 1888 p.189

8

[box uesdo-ing [g£i]

S z

• ^n a

££ i

01

• • P -HI I1 13 M

z£i

oz

■J9SUTJ3.19J\[ p9}STJ9.iq-p93

oil

09

uuou9iuy

6 ri

08

• p.i,!H .n3AV- t o-uL’H

gzi

Si

w

UTJ9IJ93 UAVO-ig

9ZI

oz

LI139II9J 9;U{AY UTJ9I.I9U.iy

£z 1

Sz

qtnj.IOLU.lO 3 s <p j j B a

q£zi

C z

qinj.ioui .103 s^puBjg

ZZ1

oz

lUTJ.i 0 in.i 03 TJpUOJ 3

VOZl

Si

;utj.i 0 ^ 1.103 p 9 ;s 9 .io- 9 [qno([

0 ZI

Si

* / ' ' 1UTJJ0UU03

611

Si

'/ ‘ * u.oinquy

8 1 1

Sz

/ * • • 39UUU0

III

Si

/■ ■ I9.l}9d S t q9T?93

901

o£

/ ' ' 1 9 .q 9 J Aui.lO}g

toi

SI

• J 9 ;TJAVJTJ 9 q§ s t uoqnpny

z 6

0 ^

• -I9;T?AV.UJ9qg XUBXM

[ 06 ]

o£

• .njuqnd

98

8

J9UUUJ3S ^9TJI3

°S

8 i

• ^ppojq

61

8

U.I9JL 39T?13

IL

SZ

U.19X P3IPF3

[9U

Si

U.I9X Aoos

£1

fl

S

UJ9X }STJ93

ZI

S

u - l9 X zi

■A/ bl&U X^t/ /UsJrU&l* i&CrldS&Vl&fy

?r

4 . Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow. A nest
containing a set of four eggs of the Sparrow
and one egg of the Cowbird found in June.

Remarkable Eggs of the Field Spar-
row.

BY J. P. N.

During the past season I received a large and
beautiful series of sets of eggs of the Field
Sparrow {Spizella pusilla) from North Carolina.

One of the sets contains an egg which is so
large that it seems worthy of having its size
placed on record. It measures .79 x . 55 , and in
shape and coloration is an exact counterpart of
the two other eggs comprising the set, which
are of normal size (.68 x . 61 .)

And in this connection it may be said that
unless one has seen a large series of eggs of
this species it is difficult to imagine how great
their variation is in size, shape and coloration.

O &Q. XIII. Nov. 1888 p.164

O.&O. XTV„Sept. 1889 p 133

55

-A Few Nests Collected at Cornwall Vt
Spring-1889. 0. H. Parkhill. ’

Field Sparrow ( Spizella pusilla). Collected
July 1 Oth. Nest was situated by the road side in
a small apple tree bush, twenty inches from the
ground, and contained three eggs nearly fresh.

O.&-0. XIV, Oct. 1S89 p 150

Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, p.33«.

Nest Building under Difficulties. — While visiting a farmer living in
Bucks County, Pa., I was shown a nest of a Field Sparrow ( Spizella
pusilla), which he accidently cut down while cradling rye. The nest,
which contained fresh eggs, was built about two feet above the ground and
was supported between the standing stalks of the rye. The bird evidently
experienced some difficulty in starting the structure, as the material kept
sliding down loosely on the smooth stalks as fast as it was built. The
bird, however, was .determined to build it at the original height, which
was finally accomplished, and when completed was about one foot deep,
having a loose spiral appearance. This was no doubt the result of poor
judgment, which is often seen among juvenile birds. — J. Harris Reed,
Beverly , N. J.

Eastern Massachusetts.

jm

&. , e.Kcd. &d. & ? u. 7 k

tUs^ 7 1 /m.

/9 '2« fi.

h*v.

2w. _

n?/ wSfajT 7 ' ^j A /z^ljfc' /r/3

/■£<. /5tf } Jo^ a -

J&*\

. M

^4^ -3. & ‘3./ *3.

*. //*. /m . ^'si. //? '. /f

it$ irfl

% ty w im<3^ft:7jrrXFi' !W fijm ‘t’k

ST /?®

-3. / $ / £r~M <J.

' lv-- 17® /jv

Mi

fz

S?a*r. fa- ^ M -y’ ^ / / /'a] _ _ /7 / ?

in^ou - l%®~z(®_l£ l!r _7Zo@)_2H_3l- /If?/. /o-~ /(,-_2o)$_ 3.7- 3/-

( 7 ^/’ / -■ pCJ — S£ w — -

l. sW fa^L/fJw. „ &**. ''■ a.

/a ///<Z> i h, if, o (/? 3° « j /<? « Jc,~\3/i^

/W Z\^i /? 4^_ tWc t. n. *«.

W 3 i^ /? ^ ^A,-*/ ' ? . *;

j S-

/<*73

/m

^ /|./|.-^-/s|'‘. /j®.u% G^u, /trri

l®.l® J®/ 1 ? f" 9® /7 s * // ¥ ■» jQ> Z V® J t8. n a - £fi 3&%s»~yto a^ Anu^ /J£3

fyyjfawt*- [_ frrri*/^^/

fky TlJ'/T? \Mj_.

tyz,

/m M-. 1 37/?wS^.

io

u- if Jo^ Ovw

7k

SiA

/I'-i ^ 7k «: rj- jy *° u z - ^ jo-°. '* /£?/.

7- 2 ? f« ^ 7 & f/ WM 7^-/7® /}*[ /9-V- l^Z7^X^?®^-'S/^

26~^ l/> ‘ If® Jo * J/® § I

?W.

'JT jtryrj? JVtTf^JJUl 1 -

7* 3® /, ® y 6 y f ® i&f/T® 7x /6 “/J ' /^® fa'll®' f#fz

77^W7¥ 0 7ffi®

kJl

'■insist.

.*^5 ~ UtvZXm Otrx*A^&CZy tvAw tKekd-*^-

A 9 ¥.

J O^aaaj^as^j

~/‘eJrM-* J

Aa.

/

o (To) j O'

Z jjAi^y ' o [7‘o^j

/K«ax/_

(J^aj^JL
lyicA^j
^ Q^ 5 XZmXa\_

(0tMr6^. lp]n& /4 * /7- /Jr - v /<?? 20- 6 II? 17- £8^ 3o‘

/ f X- J- /X" / 3 s /$"- /#

2

e«t

C^L£/iA*Mr^A.

/#<T

Ji

,2

}llr< a < A

% c r

/o^_ z<?'

ty+U S'- &>® is® If® Z V

j. 4 Qyy^x. -

2© ft ® 7 - ?<§) /j^, v h^h^io'- ii§§>n- it® zh- a^u

^ H/cJXLo^. (Va^vI.

>w~~ tM. /I ^ 'j?\tpz P % i 7' /f££ xx'

) A.

UCaaaaS-O. /5 _ @

/m
j;

&. CA-.

^VvU4A^

?<i— y /£© XT-!

16"®

( % )

6 ^/uS %- J L (d~ 7 1 /o£ //- n ( * U ) /<£(?*; Cr^cnJL f4

^ ,x/© X4 J X3 1 - zti & zs* :i 7 ®XS y XS So' 3 / h £*~«-u.

^ ZI®ZZl Z3 - z<4 & ZS*

77 txa_IL«JT-V_

^LO^A/^tvw^H^V_ 2 , ^■ f -! 0< riA_P t ^_&_j

51

Ji

lArct-o

'(yyyxcu

JUa

~ IaZaA. i^riAZZ UJ-aJ^hs,^ ; ^>Hav ckuLcL>.^C,

J

tisWAA

y cJt\a^~'

<r

h\ 0 A^Z in 1

a<L.

- zf® /m ikfi®zz<^is% w-3 oi i/m

yy tf • ?v •

ty^ i Wi^JiWW' /4- is® n® i?® 3 a: a?;

J® 2f -j®^® 4^® J®/^/ I 3 i»*

M

J-7"7W

2 -i^~f, / y ? /

Co, * ic~S ■•' <, cuog.t^c u-4 > y^. u^n^iCi jc^ gy G^a#*

VeZtix K lk l lo ®JLlA MJ ft If- TO; /tf- /J -* -IbZfjL® 17 !Vi%

/ 7 $® 77® -2/# 3. ^ v ^ ^ ^ 7 ? .m /trf f _

S® *?. lo ’ M n® 7k™i A97.

.. / **• -7. - /3 i 1 £». ?* /i^-zi **• ^ $ ^a, /v/r.

/® 2 ® 3 S 3-- 6 ^ 7® ^ f% a— a. "fc ^

O-^t^cA^L d ^ / "^ ': ,

^Vc^v^U\

<&

Lexingtwn , Mass.

Y°u remember the late Snowbird,- Junco,- that Mr. Holden found
in Melrose? It proved to be a male assisting in rearing a nestful
of young Chippies. When the nest was first discovered (by Holden
and Torrey ) the male Chippie was not seen, but on a subsequent day
(when the young had all escaped from the nest, through Holden'- s
negligence), a pair of Chippies were seen associated with the Sno w*-
bird. On this day I had joined Holden and Torrey without any pre-
monition and hence had no gun, — but the young scanned closely at
near range looted like Chippies pure and simple. On the following

day I went out with a gun, but the young birds were in the tops

one-

of tall pines r and the only^ killed f had to be shot at close range
from the summit of a neighboring tree. The result was little more
than one wing secured. I have little doubt myself that the young
birds were of pure Cnippie blood and that the Snowbird was lending
a hand through pure kindness of heart.

Walter Faxon (letter July I, 1391 )„

Q I

Gor.'kd from Journal,

M (IBSct u 1 X U O Z D UL ,

1892*

/? /Z? 7 /£jS/?'£s£:S

/ZtZyZZtZ^ /rzzj&J
'ssf' /?~zf

^ sZZ^Z SZ ££Z~Zl-Z>

^ /Zt6 V' > Z4^

zr&j& <£y /Z ir ^ Szs

■Z&ZZZlt ^£tmst Az^&x^z£/ tf—

/TKs

b%

e4" *4 4k- a. A**rfv„ **Ht»+4s

^K* f/b+KjtCt 4»>i * ^**"* n '

*-^K> ^ •*”%*«% #s^'. y ta**r*a*voW»- # *<v>. 4! %

^ *»7 »

/_ - % ^ jf % r

A. 5 * < «4 ^s» 4 *-■#'- jr *JRCn. ^♦yi 6 .

"V V*. * # •*-»^-*».

K^Cu!

iK+i

j JXv *vVi4^y

4* 4 /} yiw. ^

jcnoord. Mass.
April, «* 1393.

A&k S^ fyi J^***A* * ,

#4uC

> * — « ^twv>«4»\ .

A

' ' #4 /

% dU k kj ^V •

/

4**

1 / // '

{

/Iff 0 W

J\j C*C _ / ^ (f(( \yi y 0~x£A^A/ij _ AA ^r^\y \ x/C 'V\s.._fi- ''.,^J ^ l^i--^ v^J S^'- ^b'j / 0^j/v

i £mzz ^x_. /f- /tlb Jj

nfi

^K«a^v &I n <7 /^^a/L V-o-c-^C. iTH- ‘fl-Xs^ (- D O b PaT^AA-a. v/

Avw. pw^- /S^'WVvv'/ X't'Xr^ 6(a^aa ,/, L*

' /

£^ ‘>*'^-? -V

~7

1^ ” <

/x^j^y^- $k^y} 'V^j~vIs4as c*~- c^\^>'yu y 4- <?~^J <4^" , /t^vvvvy

/ *

Uz^y <^W< ^ 4 *, s^^'i^-i^^n. ((A/Z't

< h/ i ~tx/~*S) U^A. c^W P My/ / ^ 4 (^C't.z^y <^VXA-{ 4 -^Ut

(J 1 / / ■» /

f W U^Ua^'L <h< 4 ^s^sj ^aXw ^-/7 4 v^ ^ ^ 4 ° ^<://jy^x^ u^y'U

( k ,

/ - v , /? • , * — :

-'PIA, A- iA<>uf

,, y . ^C~^7 4tA!-v4. ^ (£iAs*~rL . W^tvA

(Xy\.<

fry ^y /^u-4

^vAyJ t-'^y* j\X^<^U^A, lh ^L\rS\

vys. ^vs-

J

£%. bl**A**S iTw^( # „ ,<OUA^~y ^ /? o-'fixr^J

.-£r4-»y i^yy'C^j

/4 VU\/X~\^\. <Pls>Us{*£^c/.\.

'XXeic-c^, <^"MW /4t^(,

'iOs-cti

%

^Vw. 2t^v- ^ y~-\y^'Ol^A, frySl ^/7

yy. C-o/^W^-7 ^ltv>^-

/ V

/4

y-v^-y &y

S-ThT-A C>-\

/

,4 £rUU~

f

> 4~ 44wL

4

j+xyo w

I

lA/^l*. W,

/ - r . , , ,: ^ /

%3wl, ~CoJA. ^4 0 ~-*Zy ^ £ '^/-' l "<^ t?yiy yiy^y 4^0 lx.

^ ^ - ■ -eXvi Uv~lA. W^. 4u^? ^^^y•v-^-y t, _ 4j~»->Ax-vZ

l/ v ^ . . ' _ / /

p — . — y ()7 >^~v u'urf.^ //U-/-iy(.

»■ > , ^

i^r-(77U_ f~0~T it'l^v..

4 rjtr-v*jf

liv* j^U i^TW’ {fis^jAsK*r~yX

,1/

'y i .,}As^\ , 4{^ t (f^-*- M^V^v v-/ (sS~tx-0 ^Vv'V 4-^-/

a i J

1

n

*»C , V % _ Sc\*sO 6 ^ 7

C>~K^ 1 \^aK ^ ^(aaA^. (a f&S^AJ ~~T*^Aj

/%?p

&%. if - 3 / (L<fM. e^t/^e As . / Look L^co l

-v(_.

oi>-P?w*c.. ^ ^

(_&./* i)w4, y

o^yUJt'

t'VX'bk.s ^AAAa-

f

hjAs\AsC\- hXs^Aj

■^J2--v">

. I (> Xir\K UTL'(] , *)

*^V (v X 1

>-C-e^V_ C< p,.

'f 'X- 7 ' *'-A l ^ o) ^ ^ <v (T~d^-J f / {2 ^

J

l

; 7^ 4A V ^ ^ C<r^<_ C c/v cX ’ T /o 1 -. y^i Hy , ^4o^oJ <^-^/vxlA P^ C-ybv^yt' S o M-V /Jax.

PvioA t

/; „3

Junco hvemalis.

Concord,

Mass. Early spring song.

1898.

The Junco s, engaged on the grass seed in front of our

April 1.

door to the number of no less than fifteen, were twittering

and singing uttering a great variety of low warbling and

chuckling sounds interpolated between the repit it ions of the

trill the whole reminding no forciblv of the song of a singing

Mouse. Why is it that this song, so infinitely superior to

the summer trill, is heard only in early spring?

Peterborough, New Hampshire.

1898.

My record for the region lying about Ben Mere farm,

July 5
to

Aug .15.

| July 7*( Cunningham Pond), 20 juv., first plumage (in field
near our house), 21* (Cunningham Pond), 234( valley below house )j

indicates that the Junco is not common at the middle or lower

levels , but on July 24th W. Deane found it in great abundance

along the bare crest of Pack Monadnock, hearing there, he

feels sure, the songs of at least a dozen different birds.

1899.

Found in greatly reduced numbers this season and only on

July

&

August .

the top and upper slopes of Pack Monadnock. This fact taken

in connection with the scarcity of migrants in Eastern Mass.

last spring shows that the species must have suffered severe-
ly during the February storms in the South.

L5

3 896. Penobscot Bay, Maine.

3^ 1 Uu^. Ow n% l^LS* U'*l7k 2.1% &al-

7^1% l»j* K 6t£>l 9% /*i ll%IX^Ii%

/¥iJ7 %lt*

fj C^ka • l5Cv*Q 'lAA-4*'^*-® ^Vasa^^a. | VA ^ > $~j***j**Os ^' l -*>"WVy ^£a44a*S\*J y tAAs— ^AT\JjCv

i ; e^ ^O tr-ouy (TkMtj ®CwX <S_ tXZZZ 7 tMX^

dj^JU^-^L Arvww .

(• ^ y^ ^lA^oUJ- bCl~^L, TAaA*. t, M^t^r -/&ATIA. .

<* /6" l fr*OuLj <K ~£v-, t-O^L. M)-W^ .

« /£ (1\^Ua7u^> j <5 ^ w WA^ww^ ihv, 7-Ct^^A-

\JuJLj ^ r »A V ^cl L i ^t*C f^ yCt-^ d^. T^ry^C _‘. ^-siei

~t%^A Iv***-^ 1 £Ma*7~ £X- S^U/^ ^^CCf ^

(LJU-* &***—■ 6-^S 7a.. C -7y _

&*A~'-I~.IA-La~JLs tAO-.jUf-A^~ $ZZ Tf- L AjJ -jl^^cUA^iCj 2 **aa) Aa^V,

vlA^v fr-y^ ~GC\AA A-a — J XaaJ^^aJ wOCty ^TI-aLa S y AS'L^a^aa^ ^ 4oL^

~£C C$" ^^rCArv*-* £sj\si-r &aSIa^-+L-

6C3> aa^CTT /La, (yaL^y, 1^4 ?EZ V Ure^/ jLjAMj /77 .yC^ct- &~7 £Z~»

"V GO t^J^sjUL/ C^AVSTV M». tbJijt*s-~-A~y! ^'■'V* ,

AaAsj

^VV

—

J^/t-ia. ht UT^t w7 ^ f-Or^ J^f - (P^kjLj tvy-^ — y- ^ ¥9 ‘ %. fid *

Birds of Upper St, John.
Batcheidar.

48 . Junco hyemalis {Linn .) Set. Black Snowbird ; “Bluebird.
Very common at Fort Fairfield. At Grand Falls it was very abundant
everywhere.

Bull. N.O.O, 7, July, 1882, p,148

Birds within Ten Miles of Point'
dq Monts, Can, Comeau & Memam

3 8 . Junco hiemalis. Black S.owbxrd. - Very common. First
seen May 16 , 1882 .

Bull N. 0,0. 7, pot. 1882, P.235

_ TTmnnrd H Me Adam, Oak Bay, N*

'-r ct ‘ of esss:

’ ’ ; 5 eggs Black SoowbiM,

O.&O. i*.J«a.!884.p./4'

, T am informed by Mr. Ernest

No „.,ppe„a„e, of J»"“’ *> ofMontreal during the

D Wintle that he did notsee a Junco t unusual occurrence as the

.p'rfng migrations of the present ye. , fe» of then,

bhd. gene,. Ur rer, " , “o wrife. to « *« «'• «' £

berlaik, St. John , N. B. Avh. A

Witt- 25, Wilson’s Snowbird.

O.&O. XI. Mar. 1886. p. QJ-

Summer Birds of Bras D’Or Region
Oap* Breton Id,, N.S. J. Dwight, Jr.

| 37 . Junco liyemalis.

Attk, 4, Jan., 1887. p.10

Breeding Dates of Birds in Kings

County, No S, W atson L. Bishop.

Black Snowbird {Junco hyemalis). May 13,

16, 20, 21, 26, 29. June 1, 4, 22, 23, 29.

O.&O.' XIII. Mar. 1888 p.45

Summer Bds. Restigouche Valley, N.B,
July,*88. J. Brittain and P. Cox, Jr.

Junco hyemalis. Junco. — Very common.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p. 118

Birds of Magdalen Islands.

Dr. li.B.Biahop.

43. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Breeds, but seems to
be rather irregularly distributed among the islands, being much more com-
mon on some than on others.

Auk, VL. April, 1889 . p. 148

,3'S'mmer Birds of Sudbury, Out#
A.H.Alberfirer,

~567. Black Snowbird. Abu ndant. B reeds.

0,&0» X7, Jtoe.18 SO, p?87

-A - .;_\r — ^ ---iras or

x nnce Edward island,,

Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored JuNco.-Next to the Savanna Snar-
lovv this is probably the most abundant bird on the island. It is found
everywhere, in dooryards, open fields, fern-clothed clearings, even deen
woods. Its nest is on the ground, preferably under something-the
bottom ratl of a fence or a hole in some grassy bank. Young were just
beginning to fly June 23, and a week later nests with fresh eggs indicated

a second laying. Its local name is ‘Bluebird,’ a strange misnomer, even

though inalia stalls does not occur.

Auk X. Jan, 1893. p.:i2

Some Winter Birds of Nora Scotia. By O. H. Morrell.

25. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Seen several times
during the winter at Parrsboro. Migrants arrived at Shulee on March
18 and in a few days the birds were abundant. They are locally called
‘ Bluebirds.’

Auk, XYI, July, 1899, p. ZS'J.

N ewf oundland Notes. A Trip up ti.e
Humber Aver, Aug. 10 - Sept, 24, 1899.

38. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Several seen Sep-
tember 23.

Louis Hr Porter, New York City.

Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p, ?Z.

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

71. Junco hyemalis. Junco. — Locally common as far as the
particularly at Aillik.

tree line,

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.30.

'picX. ^ (ti\ .

Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — This season (1901) is the
only time the writer has observed this species here so late in the year, one
being observed December 4, during a heavy snowstorm. It seemed as
happy as if it had just arrived from the south in April. — W. H. Moore,
Fredericton, N. B. Auk, XIX, April., 1902,

r ^ r

C, hk^i-U, tf^M } XX. IV, Ja^ ( Haj

45. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco— Abundant. Breeds.
Jiggs and young observed.

vr

■/^ </7,

C/X/K^-CK^-

^Ot 19, *£<*■ (SyLAcAyJ,
^*A** \ v, }*~>.;/?o7,fi#i, .

2X4. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Abundant migrant,
April 2 to May 20, and September 24 to October 22, and irregular win-
ter resident, December 12 to March 20; breeds rarely (May 24, 1887;
July 19, 1892).

Summer Birds Tim PondMe. by J?.H. 0.

Junco, ( Junco hyemalis). Common.

O.&O. XI. Feb. 1886 . p.M'

Fail Birds of Northern Maine.
F.S. Carpenter.

Slate-colored Junco {Junto hyemalis). Fairly
common about the lumber camps.

O.&O. XII. Nov. 1887 p.183

l/t , $
•* 5 / 7 3“

V V

/U. <1— or. "

l ^ oXC. 'r ^ *)

c_ , # . */

SumraerReaidenta on_ Southwest

Qoast of Maine. T. H, Montgomery , Jr,

567 Slate-colored Junco. Uncommon
Saw four or five at Boothbay; and obtained
some young specimens on a small island m
George’s Harbor.

3,and0< 15* Ho v, 1890. p,102

^ i , j . ,

*> } / c-ti <2 / (/ e ( A „ ,

W . if, i ,

Junco hyemalis completes the list of so-called Northern species
which I have to record as breeding in this vicinity. Although it is
probably the rarest of the summer-resident Fringillidce, it occurs
every year. Like the preceding three species, it particularly affects
the wilder portions of Scarborough and Cape Elizabeth, where the
country closely resembles that of Northern Maine. The young leave
the nest about August 1. I am, of course, aware of the numerous
instances in which this bird has been detected nesting in mountain-
ous districts far to the south of Portland, but I believe no record has
hitherto been made of its breeding, in level country, in this latitude.

BullN.'O.O. 4, April, 1870, p. /O 7.

7 0

A^U^cxjt l>. — Shelburne, N. H. Aug, 8-29-1865. R. D

L

Profile House, N. H. Aug. 1-12-1867 .

<sM^Ly. .

I

. - Ia£jJ Profile House N.H. July 27-Aug. 7. 1886

x. ix - /r^

1 fTX C e^-AA^-a^-^ /< ‘-^~c^eX "/' '•' X&X

Bummer Birds of Presidential Rang
White Mts, A. P, Chad hour He

24. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Very common from the
base to the bare rocky summits of tire highest peaks. It occurs not only
on the summit of Mt. Washington, where it can find plenty of food about
the stables, but on the tops of Mt. Adams, Mt. Jefferson, and other peaks,
where there are only bare lichen-covered boulders without even the hardy
alpine plants found but a short distance below. In such places the Junco
must breed, for early in July old birds were feeding newly fledged young
with insects, of which they seemed to find large numbers. Two females
shot on July 12 had ovaries nearly ready for a second clutch of eggs, and
one was seen with its bill full of horse-hair.

Auk, 4, April 1887, p, 105

Winter Birds of Webster,N . H. by Falco.

Black Snowbird , (junco W yemaW). |

O.&o. X. Jan.J885.p./V

Bds. Obs. at Franconia and Bethlehem
N.H. July- August, 1874. J, A. Allen

27. Junco hyemalis. Common, at least everywhere above rooo feet.

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.154

Birds Obsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and4-11, *86, W. Faxon

31. Junco hyemalis. Snowbird. — Rare ; found on summit of Beech

Hill, about 1150 feet above sea level, with fledged young.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.l5G

Bds. Obs in Franconia N.H^une 11-21
’86, and June4- Aug. i, » ' > w

38. Junco

hyemalis. Snowbird. — A bundant.

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.162

Bird# Obs. at Brid»e-water,N.H.
Julyl2-S»pt. 4, 1883. F.H. Allen

Junco hyemalis. — A few on high hills.

Auk.TI.3an.. 1889. P . 77

Birds Oka. at Moultonboro.N.H.
Juljr21-Aua. li, 1083. F.H. Allen

Junco hyemalis. — Quite common on mountains.

Auk.VX. Jan., 1889. p. 78

Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter ’91-92
J.H. Johnson

Juncos, about the same as Crossbills.

0.&O.Yol.l7,May 1892 p. 72

It

Z£l£

//- /,£ 7^-<- ^--MJ-T-O ' i^xA^eZ-

/ZZ

zz:^

A

frZ /Z' r ’S-Z<—*-^~y ZZU^_

^ '*Z^ <** y ^-

ztzz

'~fe^ ZZ*/>. au*) _ ^cZtt-i^. ZZ^_ S^a^Z~ t^o-y Zt~ Z

7 ^ ZZZZZZz > /C^ /ZZZZ^Z,

fa ^-4'CyCv ~~Z*Z ^L+Zaa< frtry-xZ dtxA^ 77,

iP'i/-<Al. ^ ZZZ, ^o-v ^ — -C -~_

j7" cZ <~^r -Z

Z> ^,,*>7 «^ ’ ZU ^J^ - Z ~ — -y__ ^7

A ^r— y ^€y^y 77 & - "^7 ^

7.7

1894.

V U>\ajl

4t.>-*r. -“• ' A *; e . , , , /a J

iu£ *71 \-~i*'~r iU 'J f D

■v. ■

Z‘~xl v ,t~,~- U.li-^-^V

fVrrJU 3 ^- *• -w,

£i*£ Afe/f. 77' ^

; «7 *' •>& ,

5 f/ ^c i ^ 0 *.

1895,

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H,

fe /^W-^^.•^«• Oa4aa*

*of^L. ~ — — . —

> // ■' /*- £■ /?*« l*f'~ 16 ^ ,1U - Z ?*/&-'

2 ' ■ ' ■

4f * *1**%*^ * 5 * ' '*' k S~ ^

••*•• £ /*UL ^ ■ 4*^

W^M,, / V > ' *~f • -'^Zj QxaJ' #0^“.. d*»X**f s ‘
•*-— « % ts JJz f y~ 4* /- « / / y

*< a kwTi

7

a

7 ' rzu
06 *' u^t,

/ £

-' ,4,- MtSiVv/,

Am*

7.C.

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.
1895. j i-vv-vCu ti -

J4 m . __

My / (<( i / jj< &fj- Id'** * Ur ‘ Z?3n-

W • 7'a.^ay,

' T** 5 ** * 3 „ / /£u J“

*•** j ^ t I 1 7 J

vV uuwt / . ■jAaMj &\aJ*> /,

,*' <S|

*< 0

7 ’ /°^u

o6 ^u r ,A

/ 4e ;ia; ^ a.

*V /.*, <h rtl ,

I Blue Snowbird, April 3 ;

First Arrivals .O. O. Tracy. Taftsville, V t,

O. & O. VI II. Sept. 1863.0. 7/

. tyi-.

Blue Snowbirds, ( Juneo hvemali s .) were com-
mon from' the last of- Sept, to Nov. 1st. j

■&■(/?. facccijr.

O.&O. X. Jan. 1835. p,/^

Bummer Bds,Mt. Mansfield, Vt.

44. Junco hyemalis. Slate-colored Junco. — Like the White-
throat, the Junco is common at various points from the base of the
mountain to the summit, but is rather more abundant than the former
at the lower levels. I frequently saw them flying about on the highest

part 5°y Tr?hur in a. Howell. Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.342.

■ 'Mi

MASS. ( Middlesex Co.)

0 u^vt^c cxsCcd

.... . /0 / I C /o 2- £ tL, i tf tlft

/<fb(, Jc^.LJ, i'U./o !7- H-l6 ; MoL.lo- 2 J - ZlJ. 2i~- 2Sr ; U^.. /-7. k£. If; i&r.fy-L.

ty '^ / * / S, y ft

/ Joc<* -. (y j Z. y ,• /w). /6 * /ZJy v'^QjL .. X. f % Z.O j J^cJT' /f ^ ^

/ y _ / "^v /«* "*• 3 *1?. ^

" a 4 ^- 7 - /tfr/f- Zt>~- 27 ;JL£. VJ 7 - ZL , U£Z Z/f ■ A-^./f

\hu

2o

^4^ 6^ 4 y<4.M < /i ^ cK^'^-C . J/<® /tY¥- I. hi, v

*r* B *-. /

/ 5 , c/^vvCO

b ! LuuWlUU y^m/, s'-

E. Maes. 1886,

Jl^+X^ct

~£h

Mass. - near Cambridge.

/ru

V

&

/<K_

//

)}IaAaA.

t\ /H.

ft fM

/l/«ss. {near Cambr

idge~).

1887

Cy

(&*>

IN.

03

CO

"S

O

5^

N

; /fr*7

i J^Xjr 1

1887

m.r*-

-4/m. —

Jk&

IZ'±

U- n/-* 3o l - _ 4^

<LEn*_u^ m

*4

Mass. ( near Concord').

1881888

AFR 5~- ?-*-n Cz ^

1 TtA~<s*£*Q

4t^r| /j-„ /^-Winchendon.Mass. June, 1888.

Fall Migration, BristelCounty, !&*»*_
1885. Charles H. Andros.

^y't'/cn^. uncos <t>eA^c, ry>7 : t7ocC<

O.&O. XI. Jan. 1886. p.&

CYV

Oct. 11 ; Juncos came to-day,

O.&O. XI.Jan.l886.p.&

Birds of Bristol County, Mass .
F. W. Andros.

Junco hyemalis (Linn.), Slate-colored Junco.
Winter visitant, common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.140

77

Notes on Birds of Winchendon, Mass.

William Brewster.

Junco hyemalis. — Apparently quite as uncommon as the White-throated
Sparrow, for we met with only three pairs, one in 1887 , two in 188 S. All
were on high ground in pine or hemlock woods. The males were singing,
and the actions of at least one of the females indicated that there were
eggs or young somewhere near.

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.39i

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brew- ter

42. Junco hyemalis.* 7/- 4

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.389

Bds. Obs. near Sheffield, Berkshire ,

Oy, Maas. June 17-26, ’88. W. Faxon

38. Junco hyemalis. Snowbird. — Not uncommon on the summit of
the Dome of the Taconics (or Mt. Everett), 2624 feet above the sea-
level. Also found on the top of Bear Mt., Salisbury, Conn, (altitude,
2354 feet), June 24.

▲uk, VI. Jan. , 1866 . p. 45

Bds. Obs. near Oraylock Mt. Berkshire
Co. Mass. June 28 -July 16. W, Faxon

lock' OhT h rT ali % Snowb1rd — Common l 'P to summit of Gray-

Nofr'h ’/ Une K ’ ° n ‘ Wint6r R ° ad ’ from No '' th Adams to the

Notch, only 370 feet above the village of North Adams. Here the birds

were apparently on their breeding-ground. They are more abundant
however, at ugher levels.. They are called ‘Snowbirds’ here, as in east-
ern Massachusetts.

“Zuk*. Tl. April, 1889. p .101

General Notes.

Country jEee° f

19- Junco hyemalis. Snowbird. —Not rare on the Hoiisac Plateau.

Auk XII. Jan. 1895 p. 89

Auk, XIV, July, 1897, pp- 3*6-7

\ur(Z?s r-v-— C a/L/ 1 c, S .

Junco hyemalis. — It is interesting to note that two pairs of Slate-colored
Juncos nested on the summit of Mt. Wachusett during the summer of

1896. The mountain is about 2500 feet in height, and the birds stayed at
the top, which is a few feet above timber line, but after the young were
well grown all the Juncos formed a small flock, and frequented the tract
comprising the border of the timber, rarely going more than a few rods
from the timber line. — Glover M. Allen, Ne-wton , Mass.

7 ?

w. Middlesex Co. Mass.

June 25-30, 1880.

j : rV W

Ht Watati c __ Abundant all over the mountain from

its base to its summit, but seen most frequently in or near the
thickets of young spruces in the pastures, although several pairs
were met wit 1 ' in the dense forest of large spruces on the western
side of the mountain. It was also observed in the pasture at the
western base of the mountain, butnot a single individual could we

find any where else m the surroudmg region,
fellow pumped ^arbler the species was resin

Apparently like the

species was restricted to the mountain.

The Snow-Bird in Summer on Mount Wachusett. — Mr. Brad-
ford Torrey writes : “ On the 8th of July (1878) I saw a pair of Snow-
Birds ( Junco hyemalis) on the summit of Mount Wachusett, and, as I do
not find any mention of their breeding there either in the ‘ History of
North American Birds ’ or in Mr. Allen’s ‘ Catalogue of the Birds of
Massachusetts,’ I venture to send you this item, trusting that you will
overlook the seeming presumption if the fact is one well known.” Al-
though there is, I think, no record of the presence in the breeding season
of the Snow-Bird on Mount Wachusett, it is well known to occur there
at that season, where it has been met with by Mr. Brewster and other
observers repeatedly during the last few years. The occurrence of an
isolated cr»l nn vr r\f ilo non KT-wT o ,->■*» IVT/nm*- ~ ____n n c

record.

7 <?

w - Middlesex Co. Mass.

June 25-30, 1889.

Mt Watati c Abundant all over the mountain from

its base to its summit, but seen most frequently in or near the
thickets of young spruces in the pastures, although several pairs
were met with in the dense forest of large spruces on the western
side of the mountain. It was also observed in the pasture at the

western base of the mountain, butnot a single individual could we
finci any where else m the surrontimg region. Apparently like the

fellow pumped Warbler the species w aS restricted to the mountain.

The Snow-Bird in Summer on Mount Wachusett. — Mr. Brad-
ford Torrey writes : “ On the 8th of July (1878) I saw a pair of Snow-
Birds ( Junco hyemalis ) on the summit of Mount Wachusett, and, as I do
not find any mention of their breeding there either in the ‘ History of
North American Birds ’ or in Mr. Allen’s ‘ Catalogue of the Birds of
Massachusetts,’ I venture to send you this item, trusting that you will
overlook the seeming presumption if the fact is one well known.” Al-
though there is, I think, no record of the presence in the breeding season
of the Snow-Bird on Mount Wachusett, it is well known to occur there
at that season, where it has been met with by Mr. Brewster and other
observers repeatedly during the last few years. The occurrence of an
isolated colony of these birds on Mount Wachusett seems well worthy of
record. — J. A. Allen, Cambridge, jUteM* N , O . O. 3, Oct. , 18 fo , p

/9JL.

& r /

' .' ■ :■ ■ ;•. , .

wxzxZZZ~ r Jf c^s ~Z£Z<xxy

~£r toJtz&_, Zzzz^ **=✓ ^ ' ’' " y *-<^*^7' <^*^~

C,^ e^^yr ^ zZ^ ZtrfijLy <u~Z^

'h-XXT ^ a^-Z <Zcv ^^ <r ^_ f 7%Z

£***■ ^ pt^&XJZXf 37 ^

fyXX ow ZZZ. - /

'*— — o«^_

A^cr^. ^ £-e*XZT

( ^‘-XXX±y «,

£-^t- «so

JJ (/ / '

ax- A^iftzr *Z^ tzL azzaz, j?

ZT' <Zm~g^ *^6CZs

•IASS. ( Hidcilssgi Co.)

APR 25 1SS8

/>6X

-^-4-J^Li &ZZZ MZZ, ^4x^J-7- l/

'f X ^~ 'f t * J ^' tX&sy 1^. a^s-X- Zo - ZLso^y

*. ,.77 A. . . / ~ ‘ /I . , ' /7„ w^-

1/ 9 | ,

aJ ^^7 ^ {x^Cl **i fajXZttZ*

<^7 £ Zl t+sa-* i^~*--Xo_X- aTC

h*&4-7 y ^ , <u-^tc~ {^-l^^~j bj yXstssi >^y y^jXL^

£l+-cMst c^rvs^- QJZZi&X £-ij_sZ4 s A_<. ^LK^s^j. ^

CZrtX As+s-^tk. L toTJZZ ^Z^-JZeL

vj. fc

£,_,_ zXZZl

General notes.

Junco hyemalis in Eastern Massachusetts in June.— On May 23, 1891,

I was much surprised to find a male Snowbird ( Junco hyemalis ) feeding
in a pasture at some distance from my home, in company with two Chip-
ping Sparrows ( Sfizella socialis). On May 27 he was in the same pas-
ture, again in company with two Chippers. Owing to the distance, my
next visit to the place was on June 7, when I found things going on as
before. Evidently the Snowbird intended to spend the summer there.

June 13 Mr. Bradford Torrey accompanied me, and we then found the
Junco engaged in feeding young birds in a nest looking exactly like a
typical Chipping Sparrow’s nest, placed in the crotch of a small limb of a
red cedar some twelve feet from the ground. After waiting a few minutes
we saw a female Chipper feed the same young, and then the case waxed
exceedingly interesting, for it seemed to be one of interbreeding between
birds of different genera. To our disappointment, however, a male Chip-
per finally appeared, who showed much interest in subsequent proceed-
ings. But he never once brought food, while the Snowbird and female
Chipper did so constantly. Any casual observer would undoubtedly
have declared them the parents of the brood. When, at last, I climbed
the tree to get a look at the young birds, Junco made far more protest than
did either of the Sparrows; in short, during all our visit, he behaved pre-
cisely as the father of the young birds would naturally do.

Of course we decided to obtain the young when they should become of
proper size and plumage. But this proved impracticable. The birds got
out of the nest, and although I with others saw the Snowbird feed them
repeatedly after this, we were unable to get one of them lor examination.
Tt must be said, however, that, so far as we could observe with the aid of

a good glass, they looked exactly like ordinary young Chipping Spar-
rows.

Junco remained in the same vicinity during all of June, being seen on
several dates, as also being heard to sing freely ; he was also seen July 14.
Whenever seen he was invariably accompanied by several Chippers, prob-
ably the two adults and the family of young. In August I sought him
vainly. Repeated search failed to reveal him, and at last I gave up the
quest.

The gist of the story is this : Junco hyemalis haunted one field in this
town from late in May until the middle of July; during part of this time
he assisted in feeding a brood of young Chipping Sparrows. Whether he
was the real father or only the godfather of these young Sparrows is an
interesting question which, I deeply regret ta say, I cannot answer. — E. F.
Holden, Melrose , Mass. Auk| Q> j an . 18 9 2> p> /J • /J

Possible Breeding of Junco hyemalis in Essex County, Mass. — On

Sept. 2, 1905, I saw at Boxford, Mass., a young Junco in the juvenal
plumage, with streaked back, breast, and belly. The bird was not taken,
but I watched it for five minutes, part of the time within ten feet, and
fully identified it. Dr. C. W. Townsend (Birds of Essex County) men-
tions seeing a Junco at Groveland, Mass, (just north of Boxford), Sept. 3,
1904, but he tells me that it was identified from an electric car, and he
does not know whether it was an adult or an immature bird. These
dates are much earlier than any migration dates known to me. Messrs.
Howe and Allen (Birds of Massachusetts) give Sept. 18 as the earliest
fall date, and Dr. Townsend gives Sept. 26 for Essex County. As far as
I can learn, moreover, the Junco has never been taken in the first plumage
at any distance from its breeding grounds, and Dr. G. M. Allen writes
me that he has no breeding records for this bird from Southeastern New
Hampshire. It is almost impossible, too, that the Boxford bird could
have been one of the brood raised in the Middlesex Fells last summer,
and recorded by Mr. It. S. Eustis in this number of ‘The Auk’, for Box-
ford is some eighteen miles. from that locality and nearly due north. All
these facts seem to point to the conclusion that the Junco may prove to
be at least an occasional, thought doubtless an extremely rare, breeder
in Eastern Massachusetts. — Francis H. Allen, West Roxbury, Mass.

JkBk. XXlil, Jan., 1906 ,

Nesting of the Junco in Eastern Massachusetts.— -On May 25, 1905,
in the Middlesex Fells, near the Medford border, I ran across a pair of
Juneos (Junco hyemalis) with food in their bills. I watched them and
the female soon went to the nest. It was situated under the edge of a
tussock of grass, in an open space in the woods, and contained four well-
grown young.

The nearest breeding record I have yet found is Fitchburg, mentioned
by Messrs. Howe and Allen in their ‘ Birds of Massachusetts. — R. S. Eustis,

Cambridge, Mass. . . . _

S0k t XZ1U, Jan., 1906 , p./*J.

The Junco Breeding at Wellfleet. Mass.— On June 16, 1906, at Well-
fleet, Cape Cod, Mass., I flushed a Junco (Junco hyemalis) from beside a
wood-road. On investigation I found a nest, containing four young birds.
It was placed under a tussock of grass about four feet from the road, run-
ning parallel to a pond.— John A.JRemick, in.. Boston, Mass ._

Au&i X-A.lv , . 19 ' -I ■'

Junco Breeding in Concord and Lexington, Mass. — Junco hye-
malis hyemalis has been generally considered a bird characteristic of the
Canadian fauna. Its ordinary distribution in Massachusetts during the
breeding season embraces the lofty hill country of the western part of the
State, and a narrow elevated strip of land running south from Mt. Monad-
nock, N. H., into Worcester Co., Mass., and forming the water-shed which
divides the tributaries of the Connecticut from those of the Nashua River.
In this strip are included the rounded mountain domes known as Watatick
(1847 ft.) and Wachusett (2016 ft.). I recall but three instances of Junco
breeding in the eastern part of the Atlantic slope of Massachusetts, viz.:
in Middlesex Fells (Eustis, Auk, xxii. 103, Jan. 1906), Wellfleet, Barnstable
Co. (Remick, Auk, XXIV, 102, Jan. 1907), and Wellesley, Norfolk Co.
(A. P. Morse, Pocket List of the Birds of Eastern Massachusetts, p. 64,
1912).

In the latter part of May, 1915, Mr. C. A. Robbins called my attention
to a pair of Juneos established on the edge of Sleepy Hollow Cemetery
in Concord, and on the 6th of the following June Dr. W. M. Tyler and I
watched both of the parent birds as they were busily employed in carrying
food to their young, concealed in the branches of some tall white pines.

On the 20th of the same month Dr. Tyler and I found another pair feed-
ing fledged young near the old Paint Mine in Lexington, about six miles
from the Concord locality. This family of birds was seen by us at the same
place on several occasions up to the 18th of July. — Walter Faxon,
Lexington, Mass, *** 1 9^/9/S 97

Junco breeding at West Quincy, Mass. — On July 16, I noticed a
male Junco hyemalis hyemalis at Fuller’s Quarry, West Quincy, Mass.
Mr. Winthrop S. Brooks of the Boston Museum of Natural History and
Dr. Stanley Cobb were with me at the time and we followed him up,
finding to our surprise that he had young in the vicinity, one of which we
saw him feed.

It seems worth while reporting this instance of a Junco’s breeding at this
latitude, at an elevation not much over 200 feet, as we found the past
records were very scanty. — N. C. Foot, M. D., Milton, Mass.

I It, ^ lr

Some Birds of Lewis Co, N. T,
C. Hart Merriam

/tj y

Junco hy emails, e, ^L ., t

Bull. N. 0.0. 3, April, 1878. p. 53

n- </

c5^y }?%Jbu6 ^ c

5f^~> ✓ / - —

•d <»-y ** ^ i^vX^-y itwo Winter Snow-Birds were obser^d

. >. . ;?. A/. AA~- t ,

BullN.O.C. 3,Oot.,1878, p. /?3'

Birds observed in Naval Hospital
Grounds, Brooklyn, G. H, Coues

38. Junco hyemalis. Snow-Bird. — Common.

BqJlLN.O.O. 4, Jan. , 1879, p,32

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.H.Merxiam.

, T . x, e: rlnter Slate-colored Snowbird.
Xr B Te“t S lof ri and deep mossy ravines, depositing its
eggs from the early to the latter part of June.

Bull. N.o.o. 0,Oct. 1881, P.230

Snow Bird. — The 25th of June, 1878, I
found a nest of Junco h yemalis in the side
. of a knoll with four eggs, nearly fresh,
the bird flying off as I approached. I oc-
casionally see the black snow bird all Sum-
mer, but this was their first nest I ever
found. — A. X. Reed, Centre Lisle, JST. Y.

Q.&O, Vll. Apr. 1882, p, ">■

VeGi J J\ (l^yCS^ ' — dfcv

"bwiAJ G-J pla_a/w S~i» J }cjLajj Ufo/j

I h - C-'C*A" ca ~-

Junco. Tolerably common.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, P.298.

Winter Notes from Stephentown, N.Y,
Benjamin Hoag.

Slate-colored Juncos have also wintered
here in small numbers.

O.&O.V0I.I8, Jan. 1863 p.ll

-&4-j&lAAJtKjf ■ t<^i-cc^<-a. ($" (s-^^/rtr^ s' -'iCOiJV Usiy~~".

16. Junco hyemalis. Junco. — Recorded by Mr. Embody only as a
visitant. Mr. Miller observes that the bird breeds “between Peterboro
and Morrisville,” as he has seen young scarcely able to fly. I have
observed individuals on the hills near Oneida well along in May.

^7 y^. . ** u “’ P'- ■

Editor O. & O.:

I have read somewhere that patches of white
feathers on birds, where white feathers do not
naturally belong, is the result of a tape worm.

On the 15tli of May, 1889, I shot a Black Snow-
bird (Junco hyemalis). The head and neck is
pure white, some white on the rump and a
little on the wings. I examined the intestines
under a good glass and found a tapeworm two
inches long. I mounted the specimen and
have it now in my collection. W. Bishop.

Itentville, N.S., July 28.

O.& O. XIV, Jsuj . 1889 p.

Albimism and Melanism in North

American Birds* Rutbven D*-ane,

On the 30 th of November, 1878 , Mr.
William Brewster saw a pure white Black Snow-Bird in his garden,
m Cambridge, Mass. It was in company with a flock of the same
species, but unfortunately he was unable to secure it.

Ball. N.O.O. 4, Jan., 1879, p. 29

Auk, XIV, July, 1897 r -.*77.

\nn

CUrt*SK Vh c

Junco hyemalis (Linn.). . ,

‘ n / ' = * - 1 ■ , < 1

(S’ cr~y^_ < CLstLry. ) H £VA ' /l ' e ' t '

An eastern Junco (<J ad., No. 4956, Miller collection, North
Truro, Mass., April 12, 1890) has the wing-coverts tipped with
white so that two distinct bars are formed in each wing when the
feathers are properly arranged. These bars are narrower than
in most specimens of the western Junco aikeni, but I have seen
individuals of the latter in which they are less well developed
than in the North Truro bird. Juncos with white wing bars have
been found in the Eastern States before but they are of very rare
occurrence. f '

ftp

flu . ;■€ /s*** ~&* £+*f

Ju/y lo * Wp - Zl'iUv^ A t

T 0._ 'j }\\.\-i*'-l-V'> tdst -''. t. v^' J '-^-i — tLfvi^^V 9-l"- t-<~*~r

lJl tua~. & v A-v tV..^.

j \ y /i t ? »vv ^ ■< <s fe^4 /, OSt.'Ct t'Vx.L-'A'f

$h-\- d . u^y .y4-t \--fu£*~JL fi X w

h.Jji\KA*«SCK &-w ^2 A-i_c?^ 0 ^ i t*y£-s-£.. u**~*s <4^

l^w / cr :JU /t*_^.. ~^w

Pc£.x^ajt ‘ Sd*dy d i-\ *bf «~X* V

Sj^dui 4avv

6? "feL*. fi*\ i *

7

. tv ; 4?. y

lUj

l/i V 0 / y- y pm t-'J

J*e

^ £ tJ-L^-i- 4 ^ 0 - i*j z^o

«v<y 4 l

M 4 jjA -v '* — U >-*-4 ‘ fc <?

/v-KV gCt-jO *^*C* ^ u,t

ih*^ 4 -A

fi+J. *V*C^4 4. ^

^7 y^r^c 4 aM- *-<-*-

" 5 ‘^~r *~ 77 £ 77 J *4 y v^r^f

tZTT*. fcz fi~ L *r^'rt Tr 7 ,^ 777 t^ HZu

o

44 -*. ^ ^

*“ *>- ^ 4U
‘ttTj *k~ . fu. **^ f •~ / ~^*-r‘ ‘-<-*~f-

^ ^ 7 . /— -2 f

V

cz

4*4 4

"7

£>C%~ o-^r^- ^ i

c

*. / i/v^W' «f ^ v t "* — VX-^

> 4 » 4 ^v-v! 444 4

\ I pyitiuff' •“/v - 7 " ®7 *Jd& •

X E* 8 ^”"' Jias^. 3 0 - JyTl J

6 fu^-y^f ^ ~&L <57 ^'- Lu^l^xJi ^ jxjj^EZZ

0* «r ' ‘3 *%£** * ‘ * / . . „ . . T tav

i , ^ «$

1 V "X *<

j 1 4 fw.

£ | Si ^ v^>5'-*^^ -- — j* w<ir«PV W - <*•- -■ *► j ^ r, T Hk *~

V-j^ l*^, wr* KCV 1 ^ /’■ 7 *^ fr ^^7“ > ^ , " J ^]i

^. 1 *^ ^ ^ *— *k KrzSTTL-ASi

Itj^a tK- $ j^ud^- 4r ^ ^ /^f

/

JL ^wv ^ u ^ A ,?i

tf

■**&

*y ifc- Pt^f ’***+'- ** ~ ~~r ~ ~7 w « j

,f fa. l/OgL ^\*i 4 *~f *^y *^* 7 *

■^\

v v

a Jl ^

p-

•L{_&‘--‘-' , ''^i,

y^ t.* i U.v^’^'y

^t.

th.\ d. V&vp*** ^ ¥ / _ v , „ ,

r^ ' / J 7 uZ zt /J *■<■■' , -7

Pi- -«-'—■ ^"f . . , / , hvJE MT*^

^ -w-x ^ i- rp- ^T^zju utU.T^*

^$44 : k^ ?^% r 5t -r " ^ 7 ' 4 4 i, / ^ 4^4 5

x^Pj^uL. ^ s ^ t ; 1 Li m '

A 4 *u» 4 t &^*&&**- $k*' ^ >'**■ rV'-y

to that of the Chipping Sparrow ; and a faint whispering warble,
usually much broken but not without sweetness, and sometimes
continuing intermittently for many minutes. It seems to slip very
readily from a simple chirping, and is always the song with
which the- species begins the season. Later, the first mentioned
becomes the more general if not the only song, as I found it to be
in the Catskill Mountains in summer, when the birds were
breeding.

The Snowbird does not often sing in the autumn, but I
have heard both of its songs in October and November; and it
seems always ready with a few feeble song-notes tor any day
that comes out sunshiny and mild in sudden change from harder
weather.

sn

Auk, 2, April, 1886. p. /*/C~ /*JT -

1

o

J %

)yi am. ( YM- jf\f ctX-aZ'L / y^ctcCO^-y Cc>^ /

JU] '

^t^wZc. A-A.

jLZZ^Zf^ Ut~M

A liA~A t

aAjTC

V

£yL

«tw

W~*A ‘ fc <7

J ' ' / J . ' J*-

vT ^ /fcv

^ P\ <-T— ..

^7 t^r7c4 aM. a-^x.

/f ^ ^ t'/ ! ^

tVSiO

, ^ _

*^cX. ft-

l^Am/*~T «

jL /^v^v. aL^ ^L <*r/V% / r ^KWt. tCa^Cj — ~~ ~~ “ / y ✓

f^r T~ ^ -vw 4— <* ~~<-

K~ tZL 4*— Jfc-V- A ^ ^ 2fl

irz^^t^^' - azj ^ /— < -

. y$u,

’ TZ^Z^ Z w. , ZZ~»T£ — - -2Z ^

£Z

/

csZZ - ftz

I-Vi/ '

* A

.. jz

%

Vs. :1

TUe Singing of Birds, B.P.Bicknell.

Junco hiemalis. Slate-colored Junco.

/#

Early March is most often the time when we first hear the
song of this Sparrow; but, according to the character of the
season, the beginning of singing may vary within two weeks in
either direction from the average time. After the. early days of
April, singing is not commonly heard, and in some years it
ceases before the end of March. April 17 is my latest record,
although the species often remains into May. The Junco
has two very different songs : a simple trill, somewhat similar
to that of the Chipping Sparrow ; and a faint whispering warble,
usually much broken but not without sweetness, and sometimes
continuing intermittently for many minutes. It seems to slip very
readily from a simple chirping, and is always the song with
which the. species begins the season. Later, the first mentioned
becomes the more general if not the only song, as I found it to be
in the Catskill Mountains in summer, when the birds were
breeding.

The Snowbird does not often sing in the autumn, but I
have heard both of its songs in October and November; and it
seems always ready with a few feeble song-notes for any day
that comes out sunshiny and mild in sudden change from harder
weather.

$7

Attk, 2, April, 1886. p. /*f C- /*fT ■

The Slate-colored Junco ( Junco hyemalis hyemalis) breeding near
Boston. — On June 4, 1918, Miss Agnes J. Galligan discovered a pair of
Juncos ( Junco hyemalis hyemalis) in some rocky oak woods in West
Roxbury, Mass. I visited the place with her on June 7 and found the male
bird with one young one in the speckled juvenal plumage, pretty well
fledged and able to fly. We did not see the female, and we saw but the
one young bird, though I thought at one time that I heard another calling.
The note of the young was a trisyllabic zi-zi-zi. On July 1, Miss Galligan
found the pair in another locality, about an eighth of a mile away, feeding
a young bird which was evidently of a second brood, as it could not fly
and was apparently just out of the nest. I visited the spot July 3, but
saw nothing of the birds in the limited time at my disposal, though I heard
the male singing. The breeding of the Junco in eastern Massachusetts
is sufficiently uncommon to make the occurrence seem worth recording,
especially as it is evident that two broods were hatched. West Roxbury
is a part of Boston, and I know of no previous record of the breeding of this
species within the limits of that city. — Fkancis H. Allen, West Roxbury,
Mass. ^

»

Unusual Nesting Site of the Snowbird. — In the town of Otis,
Berkshire County, Massachusetts, while rummaging on August 10, 1874,
through an old barn from which a part of the roof had recently been blown,
my attention was attracted by the chirping of a female Junco hyemalis.
After watching her I found she had a nest in which were three or four
young birds, hut a few days old. The nest was placed on the edge of a
scaffold under some hay which projected several inches beyond the cavity
where the nest was placed. No extra material was used in making the
nest, which was composed entirely of spears of hay. The female was feed-
ing the young, and I watched her pass out and in several times. — Harry
T. Gates, Hartford, Conn.

Bull. N.O.O, 5, Oct, , I860, p. J131-2HO.

July 20— Found two nests of the Snow-
bird, or Ivory-billed Blue-bird, as the na-
tives here call them, but known to the
book-men as Junco hy emails. Each nest
contained four freshly laid eggs.

n.a. »i .

1 0+lD. v5l. yv Guj. I krt. f*. n <1 .

Junco hyemalis Nesting in a Bush. — Apropos of my description of
the nesting of Junco carolinensis,* Mr. S. N. Rhoads, of Haddonsfield,

New Jersey, writes me: “About the year 1874, when traveling through
the White Mountains of New Hampshire, I found the nest of Junco
hyemalis in a green bush (juniper?) about four feet high, on the summit
of Mt. Willard. The nest, which was placed about two feet from the
ground, contained a set of four eggs, for the safety of which the birds were
very solicitous, thus giving me an ample opportunity to identify them.”

This is the first authentic instance of bush-nesting on the part of J.
hyemalis which has come to my knowledge. — William Brewster, Cam-
bridge, Mass. Auk, S, April, I860, p. Jill’ 1&

Birds of Dead River Region, Me, F. H, O.

52. Junco hyemalis, (Snow Bird). A common
resident in summer, in the mountains north of
Head River as well as in the Bigelow chain. In
the vicinity of the camp at Tim Pond we found
several nests, and on Mt. Bigelow they were the
commonest birds. The nests were in every in-
stance placed on the ground, and in no case did
they contain more than four eggs as a comple-
ment. The eggs present in coloration all the
variations of the family, with aground color from
w lite to almost a green, or sometimes totally ob-
scured, and blotched with various shades of brown
often congregating about the larger end, leaving
the remainder of the egg almost immaculate, and
again profusely and entirely covered with blotches
they present a pleasing variation.

411 k, XII, July, 1895, P Jjq.

Two Unique Nesting-sites in and about Camp Buildings in Hamilton
County, New York. — On July 29, 1894, while visiting at Camp Killoquah
Forked Lake, Hamilton County, New York, I saw some very suspicious
looking straws sticking out from a niche between the logs and behind
the framing of a window in the side of the main building of the
camp. Upon investigation they proved to be a part of a Tunco’s nest,
which contained four fresh eggs. In the crevice between the two logs
just above, there was also an old nest, which had evidently been used for
some previous brood. These nests were rather remarkable on account of
their close proximity to the door of the camp, through which every one
there was wont to go, and beside which, in the course of a day, a good
deal of work was done. I learned from the guides that this pair of Juncos
had been around there all the spring, and they were still often to be seen
picking up crumbs about the kitchen and dining room. The nest was
made of cedar bark and grasses, and lined with long deep hairs, which the
birds had picked up in the vicinity. l 3 a aviO-on-t.

21

The Nesting of the Slate-Colored
Junco, at Grand Manan.

BY FREDERIC H. CARPENTER.

The first observation of this species, Junco
hyemalis , was a female Hushed from her nest
by Mr. F. W. Andros, in an old pasture, back
of the town of Eastport, Maine. The nest was
sunk into the side of a mossy hummock in
damp earth ; the set numbered four, with
general colorization much darker than average
specimens. Incubation was fresh. The locality
was evidently not favorable to tins species as
we saw no more.

On the following day, June 5th, we arrived
at Grand Manan, and had abundant opportunities
for witnessing the nidifieation of the Juncos.

They seemed to be rather restricted in their
choice of breeding resorts. At North Head,
where there were pastures half grown up with
spruce and birch, with plenty of the low
scrambling evergreen, called juniper by the
natives, we found them much more plenty
than at any other place on the entire island.

'I’he majority of their nests were placed well
into the ground, beneath the cover of the
“Junipers.” One set of five taken June 5th
was exceptionally light in ground color, and
almost as glossy as the eggs of the Yellow-
breasted Chat. Their nests were invariably
lined with hair and fine grasses, compactly
woven into an outside of coarser stems.

At this locality they are abundant at times,
every bush containing one or more individuals.

They are hard to flush from their nests, often
narrowly escaping being trod upon.

We found these birds at no other place very
common. In the interior a very few were seen,
and on the outer islands, while they occur at
times in large numbers, yet they do not breed
there to any extent. Mr. S. F. Cheney, with
whom we spent a large portion of our time,
has collected a remarkable series of their eggs
during the past few years. According to this
gentleman’s experience, they nest under the
protection of a rock, to the exclusion of every
other situation. They probably made a sub-
stitute of the best thing in lieu of the absent
junipers.

At the northern portion of the island they
were not found at all, save an occasional lone

specimen.

Q.&O. XII. S ept. 1887 p.153

Remarkable Nesting Sites of the
Black Snowbird.

BY W. L. BISHOP, KENTVIIXE, N. S.

Naturalist, Yoi.lo.Feb,

^

Range of the Snowbird,” Junco hyemalis (p. 1 14)

2 .

'notes on the “ Breeding

Nest No. 1 was found May 13th, 1887, and
contained five fresh eggs of this species ( J unco
hyemalis). It was in a hole nine feet from the
ground, in the side of a large apple tree which
stands about fifty feet from a dwelling house,
and within eight feet of the barn in the central
part of the town of Kentville. The cavity ex-
tended down about nine inches below the en-
trance and here the nest was built. Not much
material of any kind was used in its construc-
tion, simply a little dry grass and sparingly
lined with hair.

Nest No. 2 was found in the woods about
half a mile out of the town of Kentville, on
May 17th, 1887, by Walter Ryan. This was
situated about four feet from the ground on a
branch of a fallen spruce tree, and contained
four fresh eggs. The nest was composed of
the usual material used by this bird, except
that it contained in its lining a black Ostrich
feather about seven inches long.

Nest No. 3 was found in Kentville, June 1st,

1887, containing three fresh eggs. The site of
this was in an ivy that grew up by a corner
post of a veranda and spread along each way
under the eaves, eight feet from the ground,
making a thick cluster of vines. In this a
Robin had nested in 1886 and the nest being in
a sheltered place remained in a good state of
preservation until the following spring, 1887,
and in this little Junco built her nest. She first
rearranged the original lining of the nest and
then lined it with cattle hair. 1 have this i
nest and eggs in my collection at the present]

U pcfSlISU. 21^44 JTJUJ44 4 U UJJ 4 |iuo

ijjij ouios 05 paonpai uaaq ptsq iuo[oo am ‘pnj
-qaqsuq am jfq sSSo .naqj pajaqjisg oqM ‘sioq c
[[Bras pm? s.iam.nsj aqj jo uoituoasaad ssajiuai^
-a.i aqj 05 Sutmo jnq ‘ajaq paa.iq 05 pasn spnQ ,
asaqj jo ifuojoo agjn[ n o&ts s.rea.if uaj .10 jqSig; L
• (snumuosi/tjms snp>)Udti.w sn-imj) qn£) Suu.iaji .
aqj jo sunsajos oqj qiiM junp.ioosip .iib aqj pun*
s.iaiq.nsAt qiiM aAip: a.iaM spooM aqj, •uoijbuij ;
-sop jno paqana.i uoos pins ‘p n PS ^I-ina imsl
jas ‘janj.nsd iisoiSojoqjjuao ira jfq paiundmooou j ia
os ‘sputqs! asaqj oj di.ij Smjoanoo is aqisui 05 :
papioap j gui.ids jsirp -papooM Xpiiij-nsd ‘sa-ionS
xis aaqjoSojp: nrejuoo iaqj ia.ioqs qjojt
aqj rao.ij sapm oa\j arnos puis amsi aut jo aajuaoj

I

M ©

Q»

Breeding Snow Birds. By Geo. H. Morgan, M. D. Ibid., XI, p. 22,

1 ® 78 - — Note on the breeding of Junco hyemalis in the mountains’
of North Carolina. > ft Stream,

323. Snow Bird [Junco hiemalis ] nesting in New York State. By
J. A. Dakin. Ibid. , VI, p. 59.

Unusual Nesting Place of Junco. By A. C. Kempton. _ Ibid.

Wofi & Stream. Yoi, 34 / ^ , r“

Aldrich. Ibid., XVII, p.

9,.%u4 9 ,

1924

— Junco hyemalis.

A Bewildered Snow-Bird. Bv Charles

Amer. Naturalist*

323. Snow Bird [ Junco hiemalis ] nesting in New York State.
J. A. Dakins ~ Tfiid . , VI, p. 59.

344. Native B,irds in Confinement. By Annie Trumbull blosson.
Ibid., VI, p. 78. — Junco hiemalis, Plectrophanes nivalis, NSgiothus
l in a via.

38r<f

By

h aad O-

Id

The Nesting of the Slate-Colored
Junco, at Grand Manan.

BY FREDERIC H. CARPENTER.

The first observation of tins species, Junco
hyemalis , was a female flushed from her nest
by Mr. F. W. Andros, in an old pasture, back
of the town of East.port, Maine. The nest was
sunk into the side of a mossy hummock in
damp earth ; the set numbered four, with
general colorization much darker than average
specimens. Incubation was fresh. The locality
was evidently not favorable to this species as
we saw no more.

On the following day, June 5th, we arrived
at Grand Manan, and had abundant opportunities
for witnessing the nidifioation of the Juncos.

They seemed to be rather restricted in their
choice of breeding resorts. At North Head,
where there were pastures half grown up with
spruce and birch, with plenty of the low
scrambling evergreen, called juniper by the
natives, we found them much more plenty
than at any other place on the entire island.

The majority of their nests were placed well
into the ground, beneath the cover of the
“Junipers.” One set of flve taken June 5th
was exceptionally light in ground color, and
almost as glossy as the eggs of the Yellow-
breasted Chat. Their nests were invariably
lined with hair and fine grasses, compactly
woven into an outside of coarser stems.

At this locality they are abundant at times,
every bush containing one or more individuals.

They are hard to flush from their nests, often
narrowly escaping being trod upon.

We found these birds at no other place very |
common. In the interior a very few were seen, |
and on the outer islands, while they occur at i
times in large numbers, yet they do not breed
there to any extent. Mr. S. F. Cheney, with
whom we spent a large portion of our time,
has collected a remarkable series of their eggs
during the past few years. According to this
gentleman’s experience, they nest under the
protection of a rock, to the exclusion of every
other situation. They probably made a sub-
stitute of the best thing in lieu of the absent
junipers.

At the northern portion of the island they
were not found at all, save an occasional lone
specimen.

O.&O. XII. S ept. 183? p.1-52 - fSJ.

. E>r, Naturalists 7oL 10. Feb.

• ou Vnotes on

Range of the Sn owbird,” J unco hyemalis (p. 114) •

Remarkable Nesting Sites of the
Black Snowbird.

BY W. L. BISIIOT, KENTVIELE, N. S.

Nest No. 1 was found May 13th, 1887, and
contained five fresh eggs of this species ( J unco
hyemalis). It was in a hole nine feet from the
ground, iu the side of a large apple tree which
stands about fifty feet from a dwelling house,
and within eight feet of the barn in the central
part of the town of Kentville. The cavity ex-
tended down about nine inches below the en-
trance and here the nest was built. Not much
material of any kind was used in its construc-
tion, simply a little dry grass and sparingly
lined with hair.

Nest No. 2 was found in the woods about
half a mile out of the town of Kentville, on
May 17th, 1887, by Walter Ryan. This was
situated about four feet from the ground on a
branch of a fallen spruce tree, and contained
four fresh eggs. The nest was composed of
the usual material used by this bird, except
that it contained in its lining a black Ostrich
feather about seven inches long.

Nest No. 3 was found in Kentville, June 1st,

1887, containing three fresh eggs. The site of
this was in an ivy that grew up by a corner
post of a veranda and spread along each way
under the eaves, eight feet from the ground,
making a thick cluster of vines. In this a
Robin had nested in 1886 and the nest being in
a sheltered place remained in a good state of
preservation until the following spring, 1887,
and in this little Junco built her nest. She first
rearranged the original lining of the nest and
then lined it with cattle hair. I have this i
nest and eggs in my collection at the present j
time.

Nest No. 4 was found June 5th, 18S7, within
a few rods from the site of nest No. 1, and con- .
tained five fresh eggs. This was also in a hole P
in an apple tree ten feet from the ground, and g
was probably the same bird as described in nest
No. 1, the eggs of nest No 1 having been taken. §
Nest No. 5 was found June 22nd, 1887, con- ^
tained four fresh eggs. It was in a hole five g
feet from the ground in a large apple tree that ^

the

stands within two feet of the line of the side- „ g

Q,aa4 Q»

495

105.

&

2. Breeding Snow Birds. By Geo. H. Morgan,

Oet. 17, 1878. — Note on the breeding of Junco h
of North Carolina. I '©?, & Stream.

323. Snow Bird [ Junco hiemalis ] nesting in
J. A. Dakin. Ibid., VI, p. .59.

1924. Unusual Nesting Place of Junco. By A. C
-Junco hyemalis. |W» feStTSaiXU VOi 8 34
A Bewildered Snow-Bird. By Charles Aldrich. Ib

Asaer. Naturalist*

323. Snow Bird \ Ju?ico hiemalis) nesting in
J. A. Dakin.- *f&id., VI, p. 59.

344. Native Birds in Confinement. By Annie Trumbull Slosson.
Ibid . , VI, p. 78. — Junco hiemalis, Plectrofikanes nivalis, PBgiothus
linaria.

walk in a central part of the town. The bird,
when on the nest, was in plain view from the
sidewalk. The nest was composed outside of
miscellaneous material, among which was some
pieces of rope yarn, and lined with fine grass
and a little hair.

Nest No. 6, found June 4th, 1888, contained
young, was situated in a hole four and a half
feet high in a large apple tree, within a few
feet of a dwelling house in Kentville. The
entrance to this nest is quite small, not large
enough to admit a persons hand, and the nest
is about seven inches below the entrance.-

Nest No. 7, found June 4th, 1888, was seven
feet from the ground in a hole in the same, ap-
ple tree as that of nest No. 4, and contained
young birds

oir w sept. 1888 P .I36-/JA

So

ci

c

2*

P

<1

d

©«.

Id

ba

o

r— 4

o

O

6C

C

3

£

Black Snowbird. — Junco liy emails — as a
cage bird? Mr. A. B. Bailey of Cobalt,
Conn., caught one some time last Febru-
ary, and it lived until the middle of Au-
gust — said it would eat meal. He is at the
Bank every few days and I enquire after
the bird each time. Quite a long time for
a bird to live here in a cage, as they breed
so much farther North — Jno. II. Sage,
Portland Conn. ^ __

O.&O, Vm.F«b.t883.p./*:

CORRESPONDENCE.

[ Correspondents are requested to write brie Ay and to the point. No attention will
be paid to anonymous communications .]

To the Editors of The Auk: — ■

Sirs: I see by the last number of ‘The Auk’ that the Committee on
Nomenclature is undecided whether to adopt the name ‘Junco’ or ‘Snow-
bird’ as the vernacular name of Junco h iema lis. The bird in question is
here, and in many other parts of its range, not a ‘Snowbird’ at all,, as
it almost invariably leaves for the South before there is any snow, and
does not return till the ground is completely clear. I think this should
be sufficient to decide the question in favor of ‘Junco,’ as in my opinion
a bird should always bear a name which is applicable to it in every part
of its range.

The same argument applies with equal or still greater force to the name
‘Winter Wren.’ Anorthura troglodytes hyemalis spends the summer in
the hills near here, but is never found here during the cold weather; and
people here have frequently remarked on the absurdity of our having to
call an essentially summer bird the ‘Winter Wren.’ It may be urged
that we have no choice in the matter, as there is no other name for the
bird; but why cannot some descriptive name, such as ‘Short-tailed Wren,’
be invented. Many will doubtless say that the old name is too well
established to admit of its removal ; but the Committee has, I under-
stand, in some instances made changes even more radical than this, and
on no stronger ground; and it does seem a pity, when a thorough and
final revision of the nomenclature is in progress, to allow a misnomer
like ‘Winter Wren’ to stand. For surely a name must be considered a
misnomer which is inapplicable in a bird’s summer home — the place
where by far the most important part of its life’s drama is enacted.

Ottawa, November 19, 1884. W. L. Scott

Auk, 2, Jan., 1885. p. // // .

f

9 1

Y / 1 ~ /^v YX^y /'syC,

Edited by Jno. H. Sage, Portland, Conn.

The Snowbird at Home.

BY FLORENCE A. MERRIAM, WASHINGTON, D. C.

S OME birds have peculiar claims upon our gratitude and affection.

We take it as a matter of course that the robin, the bluebird and
all who follow in their train should come back to us in spring. It is only
natural. But when they have all left us again and we are trying to
make the best of the first cold, gloomy days, the sight of a stray
woodpecker or bluejay on
our trees, or of a band of
chickadees or flock of juncos
outside our windows is an
event to be proclaimed, and
does more to put us in tune
with winter than all our
conscious moralizing.

The independent bluejay
dashes about as if intent on
business of his own, but the
junco sits and plumes his
feathers before the door as
though he were an old
friend who had come back to
us, and knew we would soon
find it in our hearts to look
after his wants.

When winter is over and
we need his good cheer no
longer, the gentle snowbird
quietly slips away, going back to the forest for the summer. It was
always a trial to me to have my little winter friends disappear in this
way, and as I went about visiting the nests of the newcomers, I had

EASTERN SNOWBIRD.

(Sheppard, del., Nichols, sc.)

From “Coues’ Key to North American Birds.” Estes &
Lauriat, publishers. Copyright. 1882, 1884 and 1887, by
Estes & Lauriat.

S°° THE OBSERVER.

the juncos on my mind and kept hoping to come upon a pair of them
in their woodland home.

Sometimes I got a fleeting glimpse of a slate-colored back and white
tail feathers on the fence of an old pasture, bordering the woods,
and sometimes saw a pair of juncos in a newly made clearing, where
brush-heaps, wood-piles and dead tree tops made a good cover for
birds.

One day I came near finding a nest. I was sitting on an old black-
ened rail-fence on the edge of a swamp, where the foliage was dense
and mossy logs lay in picturesque confusion, their spaces filled with a
rich growth of ferns. Before me stood the vertical earth-covered
root of a great fallen tree, and in the cavity that the roots had left, a
clear pool of water mirrored the golden-green branches of a sunlit
beech. While enjoying the richness and beauty of the swamp I caught
sight of a pair of snowbirds. They leaned forward, turning their
heads to look at me. Then the male took a walk up a slanting tree
trunk, with eyes upon me, after which he flew to a sapling behind my
back, and while hunting over the branches, frequently took occasion to
glance down over his shoulder. Had the birds a nest in the upturned
root? I was preparing to look for it, when they flew away to the
dryer part of the woods. I followed and found them in a place where
a cyclone had left a tangle of fallen trees. They seemed so much at
home that I felt sure they lived there, but they were as quietand com-
posed as if having nothing to hide from me. However, I have often
observed that up to a certain point, a junco’s repose of manner is
worthy of imitation; though beyond that he is as nervous and pani'cky
as other feathered parents. After hunting vainly for the nest of this
pair, and making a mental note of another upturned root, I left them
with their secret.

The next June I found a pair of juncos in the same place, and by
sitting down quietly till they became used to me, saw them carry food
to their nest; and that in the very root I had suspected the year before,
which goes to show the importance of mapping your district and re-
visiting old nesting sites from year to year. If the birds had not
shown me the nest I should never have found it, for it was hidden in
the earth behind a fringe of roots, and besides, was the color of the
earth, being covered with a coat of rootlets. Inside, as I found when
the young had flown, it had a thick lining of grass, over which were
scattered short white hairs. While the snowbirds were feeding their
nestlings, a chipmunk came along and they both flew at him, following
and dashing at him till they showed their white tail feathers, and he
was glad to scamper away over the leaves.

ORNITHOLOGY.

S°i

These juncos built in good orthodox nesting sites, but one summer,
much to my amazement and delight, a pair of them departed from the
traditions of the family and built in the grass between two small Nor-
way spruces not a rod from the front door of our farmer’s cottage.
Possibly the canary who sang outside the door was one argument in
deciding them where it would be safe and pleasant to live. The
farmer told me of the nest and said that he had almost stepped on it in
mowing. Like the nest in the woods it was made largely of fine root-
lets. It held two pretty greenish-white eggs with a wreath of brown
spots around the larger end. and besides cradled three little birds
whose eyes were not yet open.

The grass had been cut so recently that the brooding bird had not
gotten used to public gaze, and when I crept up to look at her, al-
though I screened myself behind one of the evergreens, she flattened
herself on the nest, her eyes grew big with fright and she opened her
bill at me.

1 he next time I went to see her she was less afraid. She and her
mate sat up in a small maple behind the nest and plumed themselves
in the shade. Apparently the nestlings were taking an afternoon nap,
protected from the sun by the shadow of the evergreen. But though
the mother bird thought it unnecessary to brood the nest, the father of
the family found a great deal to attend to. When a pair of brother
juncos came along with building materials — was another family going
to build out in the clearing ?— -he flew at them as no house owner
should, and not only drove them out of his dooryard, but well around
the corner of the house. A mild lady redstart, who lit in the tree next
to the one he had appropriated, was flown at in the same lordly style

of don’t-you-dare-come-near-where-my-family-is; and a gentle song
sparrow received similar hospitable attentions.

When I went to look in the nest he seemed to think it a different
matter, and both he and his mate sat calmly looking down while I counted
the young— all five were hatched now. But though the snowbirds
were so self possessed they did not care to feed their brood so publicly
while my dogs were lying on the grass near by.

1 hey came with food and craned down as if wanting to fly to the
nest, but did not dare. A chipping sparrow who came to feed its
young in the evergreen was of the same mind, and sat with a green
grasshopper in its bill for ten or fifteen minutes. Then I took pity on
its aching mandibles and withdrew into the house with my dogs. At
that, both families went to feeding their broods. At first the juncos
made a detour, flying down to the nest from the back of the evergreen,

502

THE OBSERVER.

but soon they were going and coming as freely as if in the heart of
the forest.

Once the two gray snowbirds stood side by side at the nest, and
after they had fed their little ones the father junc© apparently put a
morsel into the bill of his mate. When he had left her side she quietly
hopped down in the nest;— the sun had gone behind a bank of clouds
and the wind had risen, so that her tender nestlings needed the pro-
tection of her brooding wings.

After this the juncos had much to test their courage and teach them
the seriousness of building in front yards. The farmer, thinking that he
had exposed the nest too much by mowing, made a wall of shingles
around it to keep off the sun. I was frightened when I heard what he
had done, but when the bird came she calmly lit on the shingles and,
as he said, “seeing the sun did not come in on her birds,” hopped down
to the nest. When the shingles blew over, the farmer stuck maple
boughs in their place, so that when the fledglings first crept out they
nestled down under the shade of the leaves. So far the snowbirds had
held themselves bravely. Then came a day when the little boys of the
family were home from school, romping boisterously around the house.
After shouting to the old birds they came and beat the trees on which
the poor juncos were perched. At first they were much frightened, but
perhaps they bethought them of the worms and bread crumbs the
noisy boys had brought to the nest the day before, for they soon grew
quiet. Still, when the children had gone, they stretched
themselves as if relieved, and flew down with the food they had been
holding in their bills. Another day a German girl went to see the
nest and attempted to take out one of the little birds. This was going
a step too far. The birds both flew down and struck at her, flying
around her excitedly as she retreated. She said with a laugh, “I
thought they was going to bite me.”

But in spite of these trying experiences, the snowbirds did not
think it necessary to lead their growing brood back to the woods.
They fed them in the grass between the house and the barn, lighting
first on a bush for a survey of the field and then flying down to walk
through the green blades — as high as their heads to find their
scattered young ones. It was a pleasure to watch the little family.
The old birds would plume themselves in the sun close by me, and once
came within five feet of me to pick up seeds. Although nesting in
such an unusual place they were as tame and confiding as when they
came about the house in winter. Perhaps they were a pair we had
fed the previous December and given faith in man along with the
buckwheat.

u

_ _ td/™ /jWS; .

Junco Oregonus, (Towns.), Scl. Female, shot in Watertown,
Mass., March 25th, 1874. This specimen is quite typical, and
its identity has been confirmed by my friend, Mr. H. W. Hen-
shaw, who has recently examined it.

Bull. N.O.O, I, April, 1870. p. /?.

U-r-C^T CaA^-JL^ Cc*

^ oo^y ^ GJAa^

1a" — . J g ^

z. > ^ / o

Ov

Chondestes grammacus. Lark Sparrow. — A young male taken
September 4 , 1902 . This bird, still showing remains of the juvenal plum-
age, had wandered at least a thousand miles from where it was probably
hatched in the Mississippi Valley.

. W - ^ V , ^ynrii/\ d^C~i -

^ - * t 0 ■ > - .B , Lfl/o .

Qaa cLsl c3 \ f (H-waXo j ^Oi/yA-^ct d . y

£-r •

J f t ^AAc\y4 .

\y, }*vv,. no7.^ix>.

208 Chondestes grammacus. Lark Sparrow.- Summer resident
rare and very local; earliest record May 3, 1895; there are no fall records;
breeds (May 15, 1899; July 1, 1898).

The Lark-Finch ( Chondestes grammaca ) again in Massachusetts. —
On November 25, 1877, I had the pleasure of seeing in the flesh a female
bird of this species, taken the previous day near the residence of Mr. C. J .
Maynard, Newtonville, who notified me of the fact, and has since kindly
presented me with the skin. The bird was brought to him by a boy very
soon after it was shot, who stated it was in company with another of the
same kind. Mr. Maynard went immediately in search, but only Tree
Sparrows and a flock of Snow Buntings were to be seen. The Lark
Finch is a rare bird east of the Ohio River, and there is but one previous
record for this State or New England, namely, a specimen found in
Gloucester about 1845 (Proc. Ess. Inst., Yol. I, 1856, p.224). — -H. A.
Purdie, Newton, Mass. Bull, N.O.O, 3, Jan. , 18 <8.p, ty ty ,

Chondestes grammica and Vireo riH - LADELriiiotis in Massa-
chusetts. — A Lark Finch (Chondestes grammica') was shot at Magnolia,
Mass., August 27, 1879, by W. S. Townsend. This is the third instance
of its capture in Massachusetts.

Kf. IAj". ■

Bull. N.O.O. 5, Jan,, 1880, p, 3 .

The Lark Finch again in Massachusetts.— On the 6th of April last,
while “hunting without a gun,” I saw for a moment a bird which I was
confident was Chondestes grammicus. I visited the locality repeatedly
after that, but without result until the evening of April 29, when I heard
the hardly- to be-mistaken song of this bird. Next morning I was on the
ground early, heard the song again, and finally obtained a sight of the
singer so closely as to render the identification complete; but unfortun-
ately failed to secure him. During the following week I looked for him
every morning arid evening, but he was no more to be heard 01 seen.

The record of this bird for Massachusetts (for all New England as well)',
as given in the latest work (Coues’s Stearns of 1881), embraces three
examples, no one of which was taken in the spring, unless possibly the
first, in 1845, when the month is not given.

I send this note with hesitation; mindful of the ancient compansion of
values of “a bird in hand,” etc. (a low estimate from an Ornithological
point of view!), but as I saw distinctly the white outer tail-feathers so
characteristic of Chondestes , and heard the remarkable Canary-like notes
several times, I consider the identification positive.— F. C. Browne, Fra-
mingham, Mass. Bull. N, 0.0» 3 , July . 1883 , Pi 1 ti .

The Lark Sparrow in Massachusetts. — On August 12, 1905, at Ips-
wich, Massachusetts, I observed at close range a Lark Sparrow ( Chon-
destes grammacus). This makes the sixth record of this species for the
State, and the fourth for Essex County. Nearly a year before this, on
August 21, 1904, I took at Ipswich an adult male Lark Sparrow (Birds
of Essex County, p. 268). It has occurred to me that stragglers in the
migrations along our Eastern Coast may not be so very rare, but that
they are overlooked, being mistaken for Vesper Sparrows, owing to the
white outer tail feathers. In both of the above instances, however, the
slightly fan-shaped tail, and the fact that the white was not confined to
the two outer feathers, as in the Vesper Sparrow, attracted my eye. The
characteristic marking on the side of the head in the Lark Sparrow, seen
with a glass within thirty feet, made the diagnosis in the second case
absolutely certain. — Charles W. Townsend, M. D., Boston, Mass.

Aukt XX11I, Jan., 1906, p.roz-lo*,.

Chondestes grammacus at Ipswich, Mass.— I wish to record that on
August 28, 1908, Miss E. D. Boardman and I saw in a newly planted field
at Ipswich, a fine Lark Sparrow. The bird was associated with Chipping,
Vesper and Song Sparrows. We were attracted at once by the curious,
face markings, the unstreaked breast with the small black spot, the rounded
tail tipped with white, the outer feathers with much white. These details
were ail carefully noted at a distance of fifteen feet, as the bird was feeding..
Having seen them in the West I knew it "was a Lark Sparrow, the second,
record, I believe, for Ipswich. — Lidian E. Bridge, West Medford, Mass .

Auk as. Odt. 1908, p. t/7<o-

Zfrw/'cA y PTZuws.

Correction. — Dr. Charles W. Townsend has called my attention to the
fact that there are two previous records of lark sparrows at Ipswich, Mass.
— one shot by him Aug. 21, 1904, one seen by him Aug. 12, 1905 — mak-
ing our bird of August 28, 1908 (Auk, XXV, p. 476) the third instead of
the second record, as I thought.— Lidian E. Bridge and E. D. Board-
man, West Medford, Mass.

Aok 26, Jan -1900, p, f<p.

The Lark Sparrow in Massachusetts — On September 25, 1910, a

fine Lark Sparrow ( Chondestes grammacus) was observed at Berlin, Mass.

While walking on the Clinton Aqueduct in that vicinity a sparrow flew up
from the ground and rested on a low fence beneath us in fine light and
situation. This bird remained in a favorable position for several minutes,
so that all distinguishing features, even its swollen grayish bill, were easily
observed by our party of four. A friend living in this vicinity, who is a
bird-lover and good observer, records an individual of this species seen
in this locality in the spring. I have noticed this year and last that mi-
grating sparrows are found here in very large numbers and in our walks
discovered twenty-six species of land birds in a district of short radius. —

J. E. Kloseman, Dedham., Mass.

nm flfc J*n~19U.P*

The Lark Finch on Long Island, N. Y. — On August 20, 1879, I
took a specimen of Chondestes grammica at Layville, Long Island, the
first, I believe, for this State. Strange to 'say, it was shot in a low, wet
salt-meadow. Most of the other eastern specimens have also been taken
near the coast. — Charles Earle, New York City.

BuaN.C.O, 0 , Jan,, 1881, P.

The Lark Finch and Baird’s Bunting on Long Island, N. Y. — An
adult male Lark Finc h, Chondestes grammacus was taken at Millers
Place, Long Island, Nov. 27, 1899. It was first noticed feeding in a
clump of rag-weeds in company with a small mixed flock of Song, Fox
and Tree Sparrows. Ar'fi^uy' H , H C< , GrooK/yH., YVi V,

Auk, XVII, >00, p.

-Lk.

CcAt^Xj

On my return from a fishing trip on July 28, the first day this summer,
by the way, that I had failed to carry my gun, I saw a Lark Sparrow
( Chondestes sr rammacus) in the road searching for grain among the horse
droppings. The bird seemed to be yery reluctant about leaving this spot,
and I came near knocking it over with my fishing rod. The broadly
white-tipped tail feathers were very conspicuous as the bird flitted about
within about twenty feet of me. — W. W. Worthington, Skelter Island
Heights , V. Y. Auk, XIX, Oct., 1902 , pp.

The Lark Sparrow in Oneida County, N. Y. — June 13, 1903, in the
extreme northeastern corner of this county, I saw, and positively identi-
fied, a Lark Sparrow ( Chondestes grammacus ). A week later I visited

the same locality, but failed to get a glimpse of the bird again. This, I
believe, is the first record of the occurrence of the species in this State,
outside of Long Island. — W. S. Johnson, Boonville , Oneida County,

Art, XXI, Apr. , 1904,

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain North. Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster.

72. Chondestes grammica.

First plumage. Crown dark brown, faintly tinged with chestnut. A
median and two lateral stripes of pale brownish-yellow. Best of upper
parts similar to the adult, but with the rump obscurely spotted, and the
streaking on the feathers of the interscapular region much broader. Lores
dull black. Beneath soiled white, thickly streaked everywhere, excepting
upon the abdomen, with dull black. From a specimen in my collection
obtained at Columbus, Ohio, by Dr. J. M. Wheaton.

Bu&N.Q.O. 3, July, 1878. p, /2f.

May, 1884.]

AND OOLOGIST.

59

The Lark Finch ( Chondestes grammica,
Bonap.) A very common species on the
West Yegua is the Lark Finch, and I ob-
served it to be in this neighborhood even
more numerous than the Song Sparrow in
Wisconsin and Northern Illinois. It
seems to me that these birds are for this
locality in every respect the representa-
tives of the familiar Song Sparrow of the
Northern States. Near houses, in gar-
dens and fields, on the edges of woods, in
thickets, on the prairies and along rail
fences and other similar situations this is
an abundant bird. It arrives from the
South early in April and departs in large
numbers for its winter quartersin the last
part of September. Nestbuilding takes
place from the beginning of May and con-
tinues to the middle and latter part of
June. Two broods are raised every year.
The nest is built on trees, in the corners
of rail fences, on the ground and some-
times in bushes. One nest I found in the
cavity of an old tree. The Lark Finch,
like Melospiza meloda, Baird , prefers to
nest in close proximity to human dwell-
ings and especially they like to construct
their nests on a horizontal branch of a
mulberry tree. The nests I found on trees
and in the corners of fences were built
exteriorly of the sticks of the downy
Gossypianthus tomentosus, some other
plant stems and dry grasses, and are lined
with horsehairs. All these nests have the
appearance of Song Sparrow nests. The
nests built on the gound are very different
from those just described. They are built
in a slight depression of the ground from
grasses and a few slender weed-stalks, and
are lined with fine rootlets and a few
horsehairs. If the nest is on the ground,
cotton or cornfields are commonly chosen
for the site of the same. The latter nests
have very thin walls, whilst those in trees,
etc., are very strong and bulky. The
eggs, usually five in number, have a beau-
tiful crystalline white ground color and
are curiously streaked with zigzag lines

and some blotches and sqtots of dark
brown on the larger end. Some spots are
to be found on the entire egg. These
heavy brown markings are easily to be
rubbed off with water, so that only a light
reddish-brown color remains. The song
of this bird is varied, continuous and very
sweet, yet not clear and thoroughly fine as
the shorter song of the Song Sparrow or
the very sweet song of the White-throated
Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis, Bonap.)
and the Fox-colored Sparrow ( Passer ella
iliaca.) — II. Nehrling, Fedor, Jjee Go.,
Texas. 0.&O.T3C. May. 1884, p jy

Harris’s Sparrow in Eastern Ontario. — It gives me pleasure to record
the capture of the first specimen of Harris’s Sparrow ( Zonotrichia querula)
for eastern Ontario. The bird was taken from a mixed flock of Song
Sparrows and Juncos which were feeding in a garden on the outskirts of
London, Ont., about eight a. m., March 18, 1907.

My attention was attracted by a single long drawn note of the same
pitch and quality as that of the White-throated Sparrow and on searching
through the flock I found this large dark-colored bird which was very soon
secured. It is a male in immature plumage spotted irregularly on the
upper breast giving a hint of the black coloration which was to come. The
specimen is now number 1797 in my collection.

This species has occurred in Ohio and a number of times in Michigan but
has not previously been captured in lower Ontario although it is probable
that it is a regular migrant through the northwestern corner of the province.
— W. E. Saunders, London, Ont.

44 xxx,^. //^.

Whitecr owned Sparrows.

Lexington, Mass.

One of the three Whitecrowned Sparrows I saw yesterday, was
in constant song both days. The song was low and very sweet,
gesting both the Baling and the Black-throated Green Warbler, (the
books to the contrary notwithstanding). It belongs to an entirely
different type# If had not the heart to kill one of the Whitecrownsy
after hearing that bird sing. When singing, it usually sat in a
Smilax ; in the attitude of a Bay-wing, it is ray impression that
you have heard the Whitecrown sing in its breedings-grounds. Will
you/ kindly write rue, at your convenience, whether your impressions
of the song agree with mine,-i-.e. that it chiefly suggests the Bay^
wing — but pitched lower and of a sweeter tone?

Walter Faxon (letter May 21, 1892).

Copied from Jour

Maaaa(;hu Rt ; ,
J89&.

/A##/)

^ /gzzzt' & fa'AtJ&ACZ'S'

/ztz zZ?AAf-
<2

/TZttZ'oz^zA' zz^AaZz TU'tzZ'

z^> jtz&Z' z%y?

*ztA 7%zz ^^<&? / j£z-' <$y z^z^zz^zZ^ /?' ^zz^zz yZzAizzz

JZZ^ AtA^T^ "AAtt y^ZzZZZi^^ /zAz^ ZZ'A^UZ

^/^ez z2z#y^&? AZiZZ^J^ z^z# zAzzzz*

/ZZ^zAi^ tf *ZtZt&0 A&ZiW

AyZZ'Zi ^'/f'sZ'

y A^za

z£zi>zy> Z&Tf2' \^£z<&2^ ,

.^Ate zAz/t

Ai^zzAA&A'

*y

.___ 'ZZjzyAAs

{ AfaAA6 jAzzAzA#

AZZ ZZ ZZ^sZ'tTtA' AZZZ^ Ai>Z*ZZ AzAjAA-ZZg' j^zAZ^ zyAzzztZZZ^g/ ^ZzZzAA'

^AAAtzA/'* /£r^& /tzAzZzzf' Z2z yZZzzzA /ZfAzZ&Z cA^ ' / y^' A%&&zZ~ - AAzcA
^zzyzz^ azAzzAryA^. a^Azaz a^zA'. A^zzocz

y<te^c/%Z zAA AA^ZZ# Z^AzAf AASsZy A<^zA*4Cs- ('Z^p/ /£4*ZtZ Z^ZZtA-
Aa^z' 1 ^ Oz^^tzA^aazAA^z zAzzazzzzzA /y zazAzza ^zazc^ 'zrTzz&cz
^ A^AAz' yZZf/A^ZZZ AzAzzZ /AzZZZ^ A 7 Z^A AzZA AZ^A AZZA&^
/At^ ^zZZZ/^zrA^ aA^A^zz/zzAA /AzZ ^tAzzAA^

^^ZZ&AAzz!? yy^z^A yzZZZZZZAAz

6#/' // ,J? . U^Z^ ^ A%2zzz&z*^& yAzA ^ZZzy^zzZ^' zZZ At^ A/ A Act^Zc
A&zA£t> /Us*^ ^AAzzAzAzZ <J ,iArzA%Z A ,^Z ZS?'- si f^SSsrs.^

fZZ zAzt zZ&ZZ*ZZ^ZZy A^/ttz/Azz

-Zszi^zzz£ yAzzz^ jpzzAfeyzzjy c/zg. zA<z- zzz^A Azz zzAtZiz.y Ayy

/f-ZZC'jf AA&*t*Z, /^Z ZZAzzA^y^AaAy A r “^'

^1>&A -Az&^ '£Jzzz£ ./fo'Z'Z s#£A*4!; zZzAzZ'j^Z. ,y siAsc&A "fc&- Z&AAAzj
A z/PL& A~ sZZzzZ'&Az AAzZ AAAA s/ yZ^zzAA^ZZi? y*z4Z^tzZApS .

1*1

Copied from Journal,

ivl cv-n i ii uu< . i.-s,

.. 892 .

(&/: xj~

!otf

Gor> o ?d , M &8g c
lux & y~, J Q* IS G <j ,

;/ - ; J

i 1

I L- ft 7

nW

fou, j M

0&Z1 C Oi' cl , i!v i. fi B v»<»

May, , 1393,

-/ - Hr ;

_ ;.W j! >

( «/ Ujk 4 Afw* < ^ v '"

/ wOX

i?w(l : w-*^ w

{ju~> **f*. ^

• ' ♦

^vw-^Am ^A/VMri-

F ^ -M/ .

.*^ jC HM 'W^-'V

/ #&v

^ ^ J *

%L»ju

fj L

fieKJvO ” / ' > j * J 1 ,VA><MV-L-*<

A • •': 4+bct -jf 'CX-

/ '^4 *V)(vU

4 ^ * Jkk*.

\jUf *A

HuOk 4

•WK

Wv.

M

jrfA A

7

"7

1

ftiu,™

j £h>. < 4c j / 1

- iAT-N^-A

& | jMf* *

4to^w

if\yvL “ff «• * f f&aM.4 j4\J>->

,;~: **.<Ct ¥'-'*■ b j( O' ■-' / '*"'

jL v ~_ ^wy - v « /X UnUd>L a*. $Cv

jy

fo^*J£r$ s^^vi k

» jw /y 4

'('X . ^ A- '’ l/./v t £v ' * A\A\j4 C «U.

I v ' ’ . /

-O ^ 4/£v~*< A-VNf, y 'Z ^ ^ /

V

^Ut

^LaAW

Birds of Upper St* John*
B&toheld*?.

The White-crowned Sparrow is probably only a migrant through this
section. With regard to its abundance, however. I quote the following
from Mr. McLeod’s notes: “These Sparrows make their first appearance
from May ioth to 18 th. Some seasons they are very abundant, scores of
them at a time feeding in my garden. By June i they have disappeared.
In the autumn I have seen but one flock of them.”

Bull. 'N. O.O, 7, July, 1882, p. 148

40. Zonotrichia leucoplirys. White-crowned Sparrow. —Breeds,
but is not common.

Bull, N.O.O, 7, Oct, 1882, P.236

An Ornithologist’ s Summer in Labrador
M. Abbott Frazar.

Zonotrichia leucoplirys , White-crowned Spar-
row. At Esquimaux Point one was brought
me 011 May 18th, which was the first I saw ;
none others were observed except at Cape
Whittle, where I located a lew pair in some
small patches ot stunted spruces, but found no
nests.

O.&O. XII. Mar. 1887, p» jy

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

69 . Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow. — The most
abundant land bird, common wherever there was any spruce scrub.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.30.

42. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow. — A few
single individuals noted. Seen feeding young, July 17.

fro.

209. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow. — Regular
migrant, common April 15 to May 24; September 27 to October 10; latest
record October 19, 1906.

no

1890.

Brewer, Maine Apr 26

Y/e have White-crowned Sparrows in the garden now.

Letter of |(anly Hardy \

Aft 7 7

Vi,

tiuc^s &r /^L^_

/ v.

<>-»—- <3^)-v-v <U^ZZr

*. J^iXA. ^5 a i/^-

ic*.

4" 2z: /?

<zr

-I/, (ft- Sdct/6^. ,

Oct. 4th, brought White-crowned Sparrows,
{Z. l eticnh' //<). They continued fairly common-
in much larger numbers than I have ever seen
them before— until their final departure Oct. 24th.

O.&O. X, Jan. 1885. p. /c

t

^Ia. C^yy l?K ^ t ‘y CyC^ t ^ ^ 7 Se-^Y. J 0

f 3 <0 <y\y\ / //

y^~\Y~Y^<L f 1 /l/ C Cy(\^r -@-3 1

Sc£/^ r 4 ~^ Cyt-@MjL_ CC_y-^\

^dro^A^, S^x cj-y^£y '

h . . yy . 4f- .

r^z~r. 3 <2>_3

' ^ J 1

2^

■%

iylsiS<S& f

/try,

(da, ts a. ^ 7)~^-y'*-^' t -J & / h^b''i ft/. C-t*

/\>-^-<_^X. ^ <^KsO-K.-V-*^* ^5-VA. @~b~^ 1 jfc^C<As^

t /7 ^^c/, , C </V<— *< 't~A\J~-^'/ /\_ ^-/y<^—f

h u

}- CL,A/ 2 *~-<Ay 1 /t

/^r -<C .

/l/<755. {near Cambridge ).

/W

{Utr. < Lz/ c ‘-~ J ’ /

%n/, fy\ huMak. ucyLu^-d. ^ ^ 6,/^y y

^thv44^Ux/-(A ‘

SM

in

/tty

(£Lg\ at a. ^ t>y ft/ //fr. -^< C-o

l\}-4—4^A^ ^ ^

&7 ^/*ix.x<CZ 4 $cr

h u

y cia/z .< i _

C @0<XCjyf~uiAA'<^} .

Mass. ( near Cambridge).

/w

(Ut:.%zC c ‘-~^A

%n/, fyX tL'/J^U. (_ fi. U*yj - 6,/W /

//*

/MX

Qcfol Ox O^J^. £-^Xi

Jj f-f-

Mrss. (near Cambridge').

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.
if ■ W. Andros.

Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.), White-crown-
ed Sparrow. Migrant, rare.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p,140

a. £ Ta/?^

• “ *' » /0 &

S?7 -y' y <7 (7 f

f ct ' ^ <*”- 0*>6^zr~0

rei,n'

^t /l i__ / (LC l^v

iwy }h^.

% 5. Ko UL^ „

/^<e<uruiP A vy>, S'iSf'Z' j^ydV\. 5—-

Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p \lfC.

US

0

/M

ad

Jlbu+j / ^ l*>-t) i^dcsc*y' ^LotjOHy f ~J^Ci JliXot, ,4^< ' t UhxjL

X ii ^—tOr sQ-tAjidt ^AWiJviJ ^ Stt

A-cc - M. ya-&, ot^y

V ^ ^ / ' ' ~ r —

«,/ ^ M thv^- CA-^-*-C • y

^ ^ 4 -t^ 4 ^ ^L -4 cO^tx^t

M-«y4 ^ u-v ^tT fa^6*st <X*-*-*L

a~JUi *f£z~ U-t f£Z^.A UyAa^ J? c^U^L +***

l Qn^catC*. ty-^-oC fatsi /^lLu . fa*xy C&&CCcd-

jfuit^. /io-Q /t*-**^*^t*~~^ la>AXzA &3=i^cs „ ^

dZ+A S^A-Z> dAte^C^c*--^ ' t ^v*-v«.

^ ~7 i . i / .

1 * /O CTl*oWA**<Ms<~+- Uh4^ AAw

J i^(^ <^s, „. h^A. t*afr 4 *\,

( $dT /^v. £***u*^ 6 l. 4 &-*-eCy ff*a 6 t l 4 *AA 4 *jLy

Lu/dU ^Y 1*}4 vZ£ <-^aJZZ^

4 ^- ^Ca^y J£~ j^y-i^A.

%z~v

C 4 r-m*f Oir>*.

0 .

- ^Vwvt ^ 6 . ^ 4 V^L

V

w czzzu y

&*^+MT. cL. €£^

^^zlSy^U,

1 <+Am 0 t ■» ■> ,

)-^Y^a ! ^ It^jV^v iy'^j i^-x_ \a^mOj 0 (

't^-j 'V,

(X - C^«J

!; -.p VZ.^

I

i/ \\

U

' * /j^^VvHVc«ft^ 4 U

Ji^(^ ^ X*. ^ fo * -C . aA-

(@<E %■% ' ^K- Zx„ f 6 . 4 &*~±-c£y ffl^Ct % / t**A>t<Ay

b*%*cL CcUX^y i^ix^C *~^cJcZZj

■^^ 5 ^c.aZ*Z«X f uf* «-t^. y 4 ~^t

A- y^>v^^>W </ 7 JtJ«Z"- ^^WX. 'ti/CxLy* ^ Ct.

CA~~*X 0 ^ 4 N «» 6 t» >^ ^ Y''

<s=t^<s u^^JL &~y °~ C^<Z~ ’. <?<L 'Ci^,

£

A

]4 /l(y ' } ' ^ ~^< z ¥ ,

^ C ^-<4

£u / 7 -V , ^ ^ 6 ,

^-/r , », G-aneral Notes

C r^C/My . /d^ri^c.

Zonotrichia leucophrys. -These migrating Sparrows were abundant
here on the nth of October 1892. I have never known them to visit us
m such numbers before. ( TYTV ir ^Z

/Or ?o, ClutAy^VTr CtfasLa, ^ v

Auk X, April< 1893. p. 207.

‘--ren -ral Votes

White-crooned Sparrow Tere abundant^in StrdftLtf tfleaSffuring^
the middle ot October (14th), and were by no means rare in the preceding
May. [

Auk X, Ja* , 18g3 v QQ

if*

Auk

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.BjMemam.

65. Zonotrichia lencophrya (Forster) Swainson. White-crowned
Sparrow.— Common during the migrations. Not known to breed.

Bu&N.Q.O, QjOctj 1881, p, 230

4. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow.— Two spec-
imens captured. The first, an adult female, was taken May 19, 1880; the
second, a young bird, sex not ascertained, was shot October 19, 1880.
Both were captured at Fort Hamilton.

Bull, N.O.O. e, April, 1881.

Long Islan d Bird Notes N . T. Lawrence

4. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow. — Shot a
specimen of this bird at Far Rockaway, May 30, 1882. Another was noticed
in its company but not secured.

Auk, 2, July, 1886. p.272

_, _ _ _ , . .Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, p- *'8-

The White-crowned Sparrow ( Zonotrichia leucophrys') on Long Island,
N. Y.— I am permitted to record the capture at Parkville, L. I., of the
White-crowned Sparrow on April io, 1897. I consider noteworthy the
early date of the record. — William C. Braislin, M. D., Brooklyn , W. Y.

Bird Notes from Long Island, N. Y.
William Dutcher.

20. Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned SPARROW.-Mr. Giraud
includes this bird in his list, but does not say specifically that he ever took
or even saw a specimen on Long Island. Inferentially he includes it,
but considers it rare “in the Middle States.”§ Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence,
gives it in his list, and I find in his collection, now in the American
Museum of Natural History, Central Park, New York City, two specimens
from Long Island. I have secured two specimens in the past nine years.
The first one of these has already been recorded. || The last one, an im-
mature male, I shot October 16, 1886, at Broadway, Queens Co. It was
first seen in a roadside thicket of catbriars ( Smilax rotundifolid) , but was
thought to be a White-throated Sparrow. After the lapse of half an hour
the thicket was again visited and the bird was found and secured. It was
alone.

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.181

i § Birds of Long Island, p. 123. i

j || Auk, Vol. I, 1884, p. 175.

"Wir'^9 V ' — S J ' ffcg

May 5 to 10.

White-crowned Sparrow. Tolerably common.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.299.

\\t

Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer-
tain North Am, Bbs, Vn. Brewster.

71. Zonotrichia leucophrys.

First plumage. Throat, breast, sides, and interscapular region streaked
thickly with dull black, most broadly so on the back ; on the throat these
streaks are reduced to mere spots ; lateral stripes of crown dark brown ;
central stripe dirty white. Anal and abdominal region immaculate. Cris-
sum faintly spotted. Otherwise like adult. From specimen in the col-
lection of J. Murdoch, obtained by him at Labrador, July, 1876 .

Bull. N.O.O. 3. July, 1878. p, fit-

Intergradation between Zonotrichia leucophrys and Z. intermedia, and
between the latter and Z. gambeli. — Material received at the National
Museum within the past year proves extensive intergradation between
the birds hitherto called Zonotrichia intermedia and Z. gambeli. It
therefore becomes necessary to consider them as merely geographical
races of one species. At the same time, a few examples have been seen
which are clearly intermediate between Z. intermedia and Z. leucophrys ;
but considering the very great number of specimens of these two forms
that have been collected in various portions of the West, the relatively
small proportion of such specimens is astonishing. Possibly they are hy-
brids; but it is more probable that they indicate true intergradation be-
tween the two supposed species. If this view proves to be correct, the
three would stand as follows : (i) Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.) ; (2.)

Z. leucophrys intermedia Ridgw. , and (3) Z. .leucophrys gambeli
(Nutt.). — Robert Riiigway, Washington, D.C.

Auk, Vll. Jan. 1890. p. %.

The White-crowned Sparrow breeding in Vermont. — One of my
correspondents, Mr. H. E. Boughton, of Rutland, Vt., writes me that he

has, the present summer, found a pair of Zonotrichia leucophrys breeding in L

that locality. As I know of no other record of this bird breeding in New
England, I send the item, with all he writes me in regard to it. “ The
nest,” he say3, “was taken by myself, and was situated in a clump of black-
berry and maple bushes, and was about three and one half feet . from the
ground. It is composed entirely of straw and grass, is very bulky, being
almost as large as the nest of a Robin on the outside, and about one and one
half inches in diameter on the inside. When the nest was approached
the bird, which was very shy, would dart off from it and into the hushes
like a shot ; hut by concealing myself I obtained a good view of her when
she returned.” — T. M. Brewer, Boston, Mass.

Bull. N.O.O. 3, Oct., 1878, p.

T&» Singing of Birds, E< P.Bieknell,

Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-crowned Sparrow.

I have never to my knowledge heard the song of this fine Spar-
row ; nor, indeed, have I ever found it a common bird in the

spring. Nevertheless it is sometimes not uncommon at that sea-
son, and may sing with some constancy. At Sing-Sing, twenty
miles north of Riverdale, in May, 1882, Dr. Fisher found it in
some numbers, and heard its full song between May 9 and 26.

Dr. Fisher alludes to the song as suggestive of that of the
Meadow Lark. Auk. I, Oct., 1884a P« 33 0 - 33 !

446. Notes from Colorado. By D. D. Stone. Ibid., pp. 191, i<)2. -
Describes nests and eggs of the White-crowned Sparrow, “Mountain
Mockingbird,” “Oregon? Snowbird,” “Stellar’s [szc] Jay, etc. See cor-
rections by Robert Ridgway in O. and O., VIII, p. 13, where the “Moun- ^

tain Mocking Bird” is said to be Townsend’s Solitaire, etc., etc. 3 d>lo 3 io

l!°\

Song of the White-crowned Sparrow ( Zonotrichici leucopkrys ). — -A
recent study of captive White-crowned Sparrows tends to show that the
female sings a simple copy of the male’s usually exquisite strain. Of
four females that have come under my notice since the fall of 1897, three
have sung in the manner described, while the exceptional one was a
bungler that never wholly succeeded in getting the song just right.
This bird, captured October 7, 1897, and released July 26, 1898, was in
song from October 20 to December 10, 1897, and again during March,
April, May and June of the following year.

Early in October, 1898, when White-crowns were perhaps a hundred
strong in a nearby weedy potato field, I secured five specimens, two
adults and three immatures. One of the adults, recognized as a female,
was presently set free ; the other, a doubtful subject, on being referred to
a tame male of 1897, was immediately identified by him as one of the
opposite sex. She was quiet and orderly, — uncommonly so, — hence was
reserved for future study.

Of the young trio one turned out to be a female, and although very
wild at first, eventually, without coaxing, became tame and confiding. In
the fall of 1898 she sang but little and only on occasions when ‘fighting
mad.’ Both females sang intermittently in March and April and daily
during May, 1899.

The young males sang diligently from the middle of October to the
second week of July, when moulting set in. In March the juvenile style
of singing gradually gave way to the adult form. But from the com-
mencement, when angry and defiant, these youngsters always sang in
the manner of the adult bird. This strain is not limited to five or six
not-es, but ranges, according to my observations, from four to fourteen,
not including a twittered prelude which ofttimes introduces the song
proper.

At first my captives were confined in cages, but latterly have had the
freedom of a room where they can fly about and bathe at pleasure. A
soap box partly filled with sweepings from the hayloft affords them
plenty of leg exercise, but unfortunately is also the cause of many a sel-
fish quarrel. In order that my birds keep in good health, I have always
studied to vary their fare. Besides canary and millet seed, they receive
ants’ eggs, Mockingbird food, berries, meal worms, etc. If no other live
food is offered, they will even accept small earthworms. In winter the
little fat grubs and ‘ worms ’ found in goldenrod galls are a welcome
treat.— E D. Downer, Utica , N. TAnk, XVI, Oct. , 1899, p p. 3 SS-^

Eastern Massachusetts.

m

■fruy

&d~.

• A' jrV .

2/ ft .is

,X

%■

‘"'Wf

la-6.

&• Aiv+tccZ*. 6i -

i* . 3 X . >A. To*. u~. fifautMj. /A mp ’fi.P.J*. Wo

H 4 M

f- /jxy. r io‘

S, ,Cq- C, , C& Cl °» C)

” 6'“° /V- r^-r-Jf/

£ £ 6 £# ( J&ay-J&f yTyJ-'J _ — .

'* ,_ B 2 . <arifi i ^ y / .. >

§ue~z *?j

K JOs+x <j

T'U,

2>z*s.

hu^l-

(XpuJL.

i / «V5
*

5 4 ./§vor/?
.2

>^7

}f\^r+<- ^ *^-

^■v -^ / tw , ■ ^ _ is * _ - 1 %/Iy-/- ^ (?'**) Kyf’o^} z2^UK<A~+*f*j

M

- ®.

/m

'hzU^-f-L. /f-.’ fJJ-o^-dLt A

/<• iW&j \l A o XZ ^ V / ly /] .

vj$-'jb r rrzj'.zy' / 5jB>

f i%j J - /ijfj, . - /A4, Mf //*, h, kf—

. " . / . _ . // * i / — . -J ■ U> \

/ <li<.

'/o

tv**/- .

/Or^/ZM /ft
«#,/. X7-JMI 2V(jy as^s)

Mtc

(Tt

_ 4/ J ^ 4nuwt . /W3.

¥ '^ J f,.3oMM° % 7 t

Mf

2-ffa. Jj’ W. ft. - JO (¥'o*fJ

/X?9

n.

WZ+-,

. ^y»v yy f^ ^

IW

CkfZiffrtZ c4

Th.

Ay

/fet &<rA„.

/ft/

/

5 " £

.25

v f mm' 0 *'* ?-'./( ' a /j^/? 2 '~ m

t% I A 1 - /* - / - A * // J - /*® /?*? w '- iff mI Ml

a..{fh*M*n/ % (j

/m

'SafC.

Mb-^l / '/A tm

7 Z ^ U(k 3o 3 - °

Mz

)%U . fy.

• - ' • -V. -i<kV^ . --^s ~i • __ - __ - v - -.. -■•

(tAT ^-, 6-^ /- - //-,//' W£*<H 4.3-1 • 2 ^“ *•*:., 2f*,3p* W' .

M M'° M/o^f/zjyfn^fMs iz 3 MMVUyfl7' z?- 3 } /fu

r (

» ‘J’. ^

zs-z'M

/w

^1/^ Z7f

'xV ii

4?-

n%

I

U^- A^vrv- <

5.0 /?@ n®xMts® Mtik

Z&.jfr- @r-UA 4->X.

J,

/- 3 - y & %®. /^- ft® l

W ^y 7® £!' ZX'M‘>- W' JL /%(j <f

hl^ L 2 * 2 |> *« l^ /S\/^ /V'i %.¥ | 26 '| 7 ?| IMj

CLfJ l

(\> bjXA ti’ cb-K-tJylCj 1~V 5|

£/ , * J ‘ x^x^xioin:^ n~ 30 ® c™^A_/v^7

j?, w. ^.(V. 3.^. ^.-r

. ?S UA 9 i£t r/ ;t_3c 3 lYt *

c_ -o\rt-«A_

1 % Ufa tx Qr^^ L. 6 U.IK/H f^/sk IK *o:» *& £ipk. t*g

y*

dti- , /&, _t 5 ,=rp jg, T7 . •*'"'• ~ • — iv » » ■

/- 7 t w>, <?- m.H&y L io- (t t iiM't- IKs^.x 3 ^ 6 » ■ *• 7

3. it, ,, ?■*• b.h j>.h mm a*. a* a*. <*•*

T . . -° -'n. . . -f\ rtf?i , /T\ i _ . . ... 1

^l&iccttUd

j>.n. ^ -vir -*"■' ' iJ<r '- •M'r- ««• r-\ -i '° " 3 -fi J*.lf. J>.H

J.-H 3.#. Xft-

“ &*

&

/w.

ScjCfc^U . /?^Cw /W/. Ib'^CiL l^vj.

(PtZ^iiA.

/*-- /* ’ /7- A- /7k 70 5 ;/' .; /jr r /7 .

0 <j , _ 6^^*- j ^

/;.* iriu'wzi’ n : i

^ <vx gC*-w ,Q^,^ cLjy~-f h/' % r }^

l, r A ? /s 1 /f } ^ 7 *k*£ my

y io ». / 4 @ /|^ /3 /^ u ^; r/& /r A/ A7 ^ p,r-t.r.^:. 'M

if ^tKr4j^ ^\ (Ua^. / )$ ^ J

rt>cux+ ^Xc A<L- £4,

H^vX v /c>'^i t y rr !W

(P-V-VJ^. ^ CKAj»Ia_^ ^ C ow-^-- «ti

//• 4 ' ;• -/ ‘P / 7 /s' / '/ft ' ' .*/ V3 ^ '' ^ '^..,l. /jfyr

’ %. * ■ ” 1 *
1^,® 7. ^ ^La. CjK^rS^yly^ ^ ^ XV-Ai^a^ . / & fj

C5U>j>- s • 0>7377^X- ^ .

'/V 2

ft.

{£L»-a- a O-A. cLams^j

V J /x > ~°' l ^~fy r ^^7 0 ->-AXa G^X*.

f Mi . / ' 3 ,7 v ^ ' 6 ' y ' /t • i 6 '/tf-(^/f 7 / ^/- : ^

^hWX I^MI^ iU»^U

/ 0 ' /U~j/s. v. I o’ 7 ']

/zS

2

' Akf In***.

j'YlsO-^J / 0 (j? „

a~

^-^^>~iyy^- O-x, c-\_^v_ ^' v ~~- ^ cl^l (h-AT*X^-^y/\^

!(,

cr^C^v / V. < ji/^ ^O-v ^j^*~' jfiZx^x^y, v ^ £<-<.- *y

\^sO(-^j fit*X/T ^7 /^£ X^ua^. t-V/v A^_ <^-\. \-C &d£*y t y~0~~&~^' '10~^O~-^ Ca.

^7 dxr~i^9 t>x__

^\jCjL.d^^J ^ t^\r^ *^d\

Xrt, ~ 7"^ t^tG/hsh- ^tsATt. pLaaCL C-&-^-V\^tA- /vu-^ ,^<-v-<J-7,

*'<^«. tscl ~^zz *y v ^

4jL4^AJL^v^<A. V*- ^JZZAXZ^ .

M

Qu*. . ^ ^ i/ /«~o ^ <5 /iddZZ : {‘i\\A'&~ZZ^t

^ O-vxC aJr^rdA~ ’MT J? «JC~ i^Uwv <w ^\y^y

A^ ^ t-v~x^^Lx_^/ $1 ^tW^u-v Ifejhyy^. pdCX. ^d/£~

/ftf 0 btM*.

v^^Uu./'J //Oj iswd^- d-Lyu - . — *&t-C * %> / / ~/ 4 0~Y-c^. ^rt^w./ A^-W 7~ ^ ^ y/t^-^_

c^T i^s. A- £dZ~ u^ ~fifi O^L^Cr r ^V< cl^/(_

<^4rx^As jficfiy] dry &-■ fi*^jLy, C^ xf\^r\*As\r^y A^A/i „ \J ^-* t -'V~n fa^/ldT/fid

fy\j<. is\r^\sj jjtAsO cLtksysf ^l-<xx-ca. O-^iuC 0-^. *-<rvy tx7~~ fifw-\ cT^Tt 'i

$ — V 4 JL4wd 4^VWv f ^\A kHU'i^vt i4 ^\AvWv5. V yfi+yx^ fi*-

uvv. ts-vdi gJaJ^a, fiofiu-A ^SyT i hrx^'J^y/x fi'W ^iArt-d'irj dt\Jo<s>. m^v ^Ct. ‘hfxA.j

<vw,ki c t, ^ rr (u*&c^ ^f,#dtn rtz- Avu ^ ^teu ^xy» ^c^c^vc-y

'V t\^ <c ^ (tvA^SA. jxX-o^-^. ,

cfcuj A tC#^ i'jj a^ , / % J %-j^dU^-‘^ y^-'-'wt. dt-IWvAj *~v

~JdZ~ *XCCF »-^ "Avi. t-^Lp, jj /e-wT* 'J \^d _ a^o-^y

£Q ~tc~ ft\Xt-~-A,. Lww) I^OV^ t-<_«. ~$Z^. 7 T* 1

C j ; ^ ^ V /c> 7 , ^t_a. ^v-wt^Zv*. '4 W ^ua^. Ij^aaj 'bscd^

M d lA K^r^.

A^v.

£^7

d-ir^Unj^L.

■At*V

fI(X ^A.y x t -\ f ^Mwj

J\

(^&AAA^\A*

C-r-v.

Af - f^-^r ( *-a~a.

/y

/ ^rfj/rn . , A\ /Jl /b^Z ‘//vis/ /^^iZ AJl. fa. {>. /£+-+***.

/L

/\ 4

£ *1 -AL aJK

jfc— <Ui

7

y 4 sl. ^-7’ /.-Z^ / / '<ft,+.'t<'_

...v- «. - t/-<L^*..

^TZaZA

izH

/}T9A,

frt >0^ .

^V>v.

<^V>^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ f> i — i, t

A/4»A ^*Ma< 4 x/

/C^A^r

^*>Vvw /-

^cX^, /?Vv>> ?Jv^ — - \ C^v>( .

^Vf7-^ <y ^VAuvv* / i / V\A>v Mu^

<ImH~« 4^/v-x /4<-vy l^»VlA*40 ( ^ J ' r />.. ) / “■■» f. 4^ ai»„

ZicXiy L ylt.t«~.4^.-v ^ '• //vm:^, «^cX

^ «^) ^va -y/ux^-Xy

. voi/-- Jl ^ HA. /a. <AA.A #4 ^

f^V\y» (jh>-tk.

frz^ o^*a &

1

O/V

«^L CT'.

-T > y ^ /? ^

llvv\)

oUL£A

•1. trv.

<f -'T-

(

oJrZjA ^ — A.

‘'V'l ^

<0/r.

<► — 4.

I

I

Copied from Jour

I

Opacord, Mass.

April, XH' 1303.

OjlcZ*

JvU l^ Hxxsi'i^A. +--Svr O f <SK_

fifb ’ ^ ; i/^ A &-'i ■y'-f'-y td -d*s* tA~ *>.

0^

CVW 3

t VA/^V-v*^ /f ^ ^

u. f A ''* J y^'""‘* v L.jX 6 aH , ^ # t-/ ^ V, /v. ^

l&4t-{ i' .i -J P + x, . .A_ JvV- Vt ‘ V ^~T~f-*AA/ s~j£^r-^ t* /. ., ,.

£. O'j-.xK, V x^ 7^-v '? - *l->,. h.M-') et i ^ < s ^ 1 ^x ,

fiLix

t'L...U-"2

Zonotrichia alb i coll is .

Concord,

Mass .

1307.

A remarkably handsome $ appeared at Ball's Hill on April

April.

21st and stayed until the 28th although much of this time the

weather was very warm (ther. 82°Apr. 25th) and the nights

clear. Probably some hemp seed which I scattered over the

ground every day or two and on which the bird appeared to feed

exclusively was the attraction -which held him there so. long.

He rarely if ever left the strip of bushes in front of the

cabin and he became very tame. In the early morning he usual-
ly sang a few times and he was always ready at all hours to

respond to a good imitation of his song, which was remarkably

plaintive and varied and invariably was preceded by a low

chattering call like that so often given by the Swamp Sparrow.

Altogether we found him a peculiarly attractive and interest-
ing neighbor.

Zonotrichia alblcoll is .

Peterborough, Hew Hampshire.

1898.

Two males sang through July at the bog just below our

July 5 house, a third at Cunningham Pond and a fourth at the base of
to

Aug. 15. Pack Monadnock. These were all that I met with. They con-
tinued in full song up to (and including) July 29th after which

they maintained absolute silence.

I

Concord, Mass.

1898. Albino (?).

Oct. 14. While on my way bach (from the cabin to the Barrett farm)

and just as I was descending the slope beyond Benson’s a large
flock of Juncos accompanied by several White-throated Sparrows
and a few Yellow-rumps started from an asparagus bed and flew
into the thicket by the roadside. Among them was an albino
which I took to be a White-throated Sparrow. It was very
tame and most conspicuous in the densest cover. I watched it
a long time. It was wholly snow white with a white bill. In
the absence of all color I could only judge of its identity
by its size and shape which seemed to refer it to Zonotrichia .
It would not make any sound so I could get no clue in that
way. The only thing that made me at all doubtful as to its
being a White-throat was the fact that it hopped and flitted
about very much after the manner of a Junco but it seemed al-
together too large for a Junco. It was decidedly the finest
albino I have ever seen living and I regretted that I had no

means of secur

it.

n i

Cambridge
1899.
January .

Z onotr ichia albiooll is .

^ IvIcX SS ,

The two White-throated Sparrows were ’with us during the
whole of December last and up to January Sth when they depart-
ed suddenly and ’without obvious reason reappearing, however,
on the 15th and again on the 18th. One was in full plumage,
the other a dull colored bird with ashy throat. They were
nearly always seen together, either in the dense thicket of
lilacs in the rear of the house or near the kitchen where they
and the English Sparrows were liberally supplied each morning
with toast or stale loaf bread broken into small pieces. They
showed neither fear nor aversion towards the English Sparrows
but mingled with them on apparently friendly terms and, so
far as we observed, they were never molested or even threat-
ened by them. Like the English Sparrows they appeared to pre-
fer bread to anything else although they also ate some millet
seed which I scattered under the lilacs. During December the
white-throated bird frequently answered my whistled imitation
of the peabody call and once fairly started he sometimes sang
dozens of times in succession in fairly full clear tones; af-
ter January oaine in I failed to get any responce from him.

Zonotr ichia albicollis.

Cambridge, Mass. February birds in the Garden.

1899 . on the looming of February 4th when the ground was cover-

February. ed with about four inches of fresh fallen snow I saw a White-
throat eating bread crumbs from a dish on the kitchen steps
in company with a number of English Sparrows. An hour later
I heard it chirping and, as I was confident at the time, anoth-
er bird of the same species answering it. But after x-his date
only one bird was seen - on the 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22,

24 A 25th. At first I supposed that this individual was one
of the pair that had been seen together so often, earlier in
the winter, but on examining it closely I discovered that it
was unlike either having the pure white head stripes of the

one combined with the dull gray throat of the other. Unless

of

it may be assumed that one^this pair had changed plumage the
bird seen after February 4th must have been a new comer to

the garden.

Aar il birds in the Garden.

Apr il .

One in fine plumage, no doubt the same bird which fre-
quented the garden during the whole of march, was seen there
in April by W. Deane on the 1, 4, 5, 0, 10, 11, i -‘-e,

20 & 21. He sang freely after the 3th his voice gaining
steadily in strength and clearness until, towards the close
of his stay, it had nearly or quite attained the perfection
characteristic of the breeding season.

Zono tricliia albicollis

Cambridge, The Garden, Mass.

1899. For several years past I have cultivated a rather large

Oct. patch of prince's feather ( Poly g onum orientale ). The seeds

of this plant ripen in October and attract many birds of vari-
ous hinds as well as, unfortunately , rats and mice. The
White-throats are exceedingly fond of these seeds and during
the present month from one or two to a dozen birds might be
found daily feasting on them in company with the still more

!

i

numerous House Sparrows. The male White-throats sang rather
freely and at all hours but usually in subdued and somewhat

broken tones. W. Deane's list
fallows:- 5 4 , 10% llo%, 12 s ,
2(f , 21* , 22 J , 23 3 % 24 7 , 25 ?

of their varying numbers is as
15 s ', 14% 16', 17' , 18°, 19*-,

2 0% 27% 28% 29% 30% 3l' .

Cambridge, Mass.

1899. Ho White-throats were seen in the garden this month and

December. I doubt if any are passing the winter in our neighborhood,
but I found one chirping in the deep, brush-grown hollow be-
low the grave yard to the S.W. of Fresh Pond on the 10th.

Birds .of Upper St, John,

■Batcheldsr.

50. Zonotrichia albicollis ( Gm .) Bp. White-throated Sparrow.
— Very abundant at Grand Falls wherever there was dead wood on the
ground. At Fort Fairfield also it was very abundant; this bird and Junco
hyemalis were the commonest species. The nests were apt to be in a
clearing near the edge of woods, and frequently were in damp places.
They were often under a fallen branch, or at the foot of a sapling, and
were but slightly concealed.

Ball. N. O. G, 7, July, 1882, p, 148
Birds within Ten Miles of Point

de Monts, Can, Cozueati & Mernam

39. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.— The com-
monest Sparrow, breeding everywhere. First seen May 14, 1882. This
bird is the “Nightingale” of the Canadians.

Bu&N.O.O,

Got, 1882, p,238

Ij aat li ate s Migratory Birds obst rvedby
E. D . Wintle, Fall 1885, Montreal, Can.

throated Sparrow.

O.&O. XI. Mar. 1886. p. VV.

Summer Birds of Brae D’Or Region
Cape Breton Id, , N. S. J. Dwight, Jr.

35. Zonotrichia albicollis.

4, Jan. , 188 ;. p.lQ

An Ornithologist' s Summer in Labrador
M. Abbott Frazar.

Zonotrichia albicollis , White-throated Spar-
row. Seemed to arrive at Esquimaux Point on
May the 20 th and soon became common; did
not see them to the eastward of that place and
doubt if they leave the heavy timber.

0.& O. XII. Mar. 1887. p. 3 V

-Birds, Haute island. Bay of Fundy, July
26, 1887. W. L. Bishop, Kentville, N. S,

White-throated Sparrow, Zonatrichia albi-
collis ; Abundant.

O.& O, XII. Sept. 1887 p. 146

Birds of Magdalen Islands.
Dr. L.B. Bishop.

41. Zonotrichia albicollis. Whi-j
nesting about the last of June.

PE-THROATED SPARROW. — G

ommon,

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p. 148

Summer Bde. Restigouche Valley, N-B.
.Tulv .’88. J. Brittain and P.Cox, Jr.

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Abundant.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.118

Snaaner Birds of Sudbury, Out,

A.H. Aiberger,

— - - ,

1 Wliite-tliroated Sparrow. Abundant'

“Broods.

! O, &Q, XV, JOB©, 2890, P*87

Newf oundland Notes. A Trip up the
Humber Biver, Aug. 10 - Sept, 24,1899.

37. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Fairly com-
mon .

Louis H. Porter, New York City.

Auk, XVII, Jan. , 1900, p. ? 2 .

<

t?07 f/ A

43. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Probably
the commonest bird in this region. Eggs and young observed.

Cu+A r x x- j v, ,, 1 <? try, y % 0 - 91.

10 Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.— Common
^ , , , 90 1 October 22; probably breeds,

grant, April 8 to May and Augu 28 at severa i places outside

rles were heard singing June b to July ,
e city.

1890. Penobscot Bay, Maine.

5W ZQ&fS?' Hi* 1%.

JuJy I' l 4>* 7* //* /3t 'V

H^q***^ ■ J 2. 3 *..

t /X, Jca ^ ••){;

Ul &VU J " tf -Vt

jv^a^bLtAX, Jv~ty c ] .y.

Su ^,4-LcA y y 6-^ "££vWw

/jw^ uvZ4o s

Summer Birds Tim Pond Me. by F. H. 0.

i

White-throated Sparrow, (Zonotrichia albicollis).
Common around the camps, keeping in flocks.

O.&O. XI.Feb.l880.p.JJ'.

Wintering of the White-throated Sparrow^ in

On January 20, 18S6, I shot a White-throated Sparrow at Saco, Ha -
lt seemed to be comfortably settled for the winter m a swampy piece
of woods, consisting chiefly of birches, with a scattering ot young spi
It was in dull autumnal plumage, and proved on d issecti on to be a male.

Auk, 3, April, 1880. p . Z7 7 ,

FailBirdsof NorthernMame.

F.H.Oarpenfcer,

White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albi-
collis). A few were heard, singing the same
note as heard in June at Grand Manan.

O.&O. XII. Nov. 1887 P.188

SummerResidents on Southwest,

Coast of Main©. T.H, Montgomery, Jr,

558. White-tliroated Sparrow. Very com-
mon at Bootlibay. Also obtained specimens on
some of the islands. They were singing
throughout July at Bootlibay.

Q t w&Q, Z5i 28ov, 1890, p,102

f aV

ly {Ja, C^l . C. /?•

(yvuit'wo^u^,

lit

Bummer Birds of Presidential Range,
White Mta. A.P, Chadbourne

23. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Extremely
abundant at the base of the mountain, and very common at all altitudes
up to the limit of shrubs, and on quiet days one was occasionally heard on
the bare rocks above. The highest point at which it was noted was 5300
feet.

Auk, 4, April 1887. p.105

Birds of Hillsboro Oo. N.H. June 27, ’92
Arthur M. Farmer, Amoakeag, N, H.

White-throated Sparrow, one individual, j

O.&O Vol.17, Sopt.1802 p.138

N H w at A B ? anC . 0n , ia and Bethlehem

JX.H. July-August, 1874. J. A. Alien

2 5 - Zonotrichia albicollis at. ,

feet. 1COlhS ' -Abundant at nearly al, points above IO oo

Auk, V. April, 1888. p .164

Birds Obs. at Meulto*- boro, N.H.
July 21 -Aug. 11, 1883. F.H. Allen

Zonotrichia albicollis. — Two heard singing.

Auk/VI. Jan. , 1889. p. 78

Winter Birds of Webster, N. H. by Falco.

White-throated Sparrow, ( Zonotrichia albicollis).

O.&O. X. Jan. 1685. i

BirdsObsvd. near Holderness, N.H
June 4-12, ’85, and4-ll, *86, W. Faxon

S. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow— Rare.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p.150

Bds. Obs. in Franconia, N.H. June 11-21
86, and June4-Aug. 1, ’87, W. Faxon

35- Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. —Common.
Auk, V. April, 1888. p. 152

/?7

1894 ,

\

V t

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

U«“

o;. i o .*

/*£ /^.Zo i ^/.

^ta-

ll)

•w

/^*mavw ^ , > "U,l ,

^ /n /6'i

WtrrM** /?, -&C;

SL£* 2, 3 - LH i £«r£ 14'* *7* #£

H-svX^^.vL 5

*f'i' 1 •M

1895.

Breezy Point, Warren, N.H.

h~, u f <*••■■' i" :

4? i 3o .*.

/; ** 3 ?* ^

■//tfUsi

yW*. tyh ly 4,.

‘ Among the more prominent autumnal migrants,
the first While-throated Sparrow, (Z onotrichia
a Uricotti s.} came Sept. 16th, they were common by
the 20th, and continued so until Oct. 5th, and oc-
casionally one up to Oct. 24th, when they were
plentiful and disappeared.

Q.&O. X. Jan. 1805, p, /e

Summer Bds,Mt. Mansfield , Vt .

4 i Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — The White-

throat is one of the commonest and most characteristic birds erf the
region. Although heard occasionally at the base of the mountain, it is
on the bleak and wind-swept stretches near the summit that his clear
notes ring out most frequently, and with greatest effect.

by Arthur H. Howell.

Auk, XVIII, Oct., 1901, p.342.

Q . /W""— ^ .

■ * * ^*7

6 ^

Cw*jl *A-y

CW.

'TC^f ^

cC 3 T

' £» , |T 1-

tX uZ ^ ^

|oL»^. ^

— ■ — ■ (>^xAZfvw-

IZZZ ZZ^ ^ ^

(^^ c -* & ~~ xj

yi , _ _ ii^JT- J o £- ( /ViS^J

* . jy ^Wipchepdon, Mass. June, 1888.

fifrZrOZd/Z-*- nZ/n'to ^JUa Mass. - near Cambridge.

/&&(?, dfZ i 3 v '„

Mass.

. ( near Concord).]^

1887

jft~* JlL t&-, / 7 -.Zi J

/

/1r?7.

J~u^ ye *&*-"}■

X <rvt^Jvc4/M-^ £%y CiCi

Mass. ( near Cambridge).

1887

Hit 4 tJ -S' X --7' J

/m

. t.Ty ~

Mass. ( near Cambridge).

J 888

APR 29-

An-f

5L -fu<£^ /hi ,

A^zzz

y^e.

jgC-er^-^ Jdi

» //$ </ma*v^V

Ad-?

X tr><Ady^cUJj*. <M&

J^Jfl J '^0-^3 JCaaj-^ <£_ f$7^7ZZ - TiiA^J-aUs^Cl (-^L+- 1^-SxO

^ <c Ajztz

f-j >‘‘V * ~

Birds Known to Pass Breeding Season
nr. Winchendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster

39. Zonotrichia albicollis.*

Auk, Y, Oct,, 1888, p.389
Notes on Birds of Winchendon, Mass.

William Brewster.

Zonotrichia albicollis. — In 1887 I met with two males, and in 1888 one,
all in spruce swamps. They were in full song and evidently had mates
and nests, for they showed the utmost concern when their retreats were

invaded. Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.30O

Pali Migration, Bristol County, Mass.
1385. Charles H. Andros.

C ■ /if

throated Sparrow seen.

a single White-

O'&O. XI. Jan. 1886 . p. A

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

P. W. Andros.

Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel .), WhifUthroated
Sparrow. Migrant, tolerably common.

O.&O. XII, Sept. 1887 p.140

A white-thr oated sparro w taken at Arlington Heights
Mass., Jan. ft. W. F. Hadley.

o <feO. XIV, Feb. 1889 p.29

General Notes.

18. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Not rare
from Becket northward.

Auk XII. Jan. 1895 p. 88

Bds. Obs. 'ev Graylock Mt Bn-kshire
Oo. Maas, oune 28- July IQ. W, Paxop

31. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.— In ascend-
ing Graylock by the turnpike, this bird was not met with until within
two miles of the summit (altitude about 2800 feet). From this point to
the summit it is common. Its notes are preeminent in the bird music of
the top of Graylock, where it is known and cherished by the keepers of
the summit-house as the ‘Mountain Lark.’ On the eastern slope of
Graylock, m the Notch, especially in the cleared land on the south of the
‘Bellows-Pipe’ or heigh t-of-land, the Whitethroat descends to a much
lower lev el th an on the western side of the range

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.lul

Fall Migration, Bristtfi Doun'ty ,M%'sa.

1885. Charles H. Andros.

Nov. 30 ; A White-throated Sparrow (Zono-
I trichia guerilla,) seen tins morning, perched on a
Willow tree, on the south side of a sloping sand
hank. It appeared cold and languid, and when I
frightened it from its perch it uttered a faint
“tseep.” I had an opportunity to take notes of
its colorations, which correspond with those given
by Minot and Samuels. Mr. Minot says in his
note on this species, in his book: “I have seen
them as late as November 14th, and have heard
of them being seen near Boston in winter, but
from insufficient authority.” Considering the
weather which we have had during November,
it is not remarkable after all. that a single speci-
men (or more) should be seen.

O.&o. XI. Jan. 1886. p.^.

Three Wiftfit Notes from^£oiigwbbd,’ hlassachusetts. — I noted a flock
of nineteen White-throated Sparrows ( Zonotrichia albicollis ) on the 8th of
December, 1895, and again on the 21st, when three specimens were taken,
one adult and one immature male and one adult female. This flock
remained in the locality of an old dump, among tree trunks and general
rubbish, — a protected spot. I have noted this flock since the 8th and 21st
on the following dates : December 22 and 25 ; January 2, only eight
being then in the flock ; January 19, three of the flock noted in a snow
storm ; three again on the 25th, and since this latter date they have
entirely disappeared from the locality, the weather having not become,
however, any more severe, fttU*- jHmX.p ■ . J ^ -

Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, p t '»6.

The White-throated Sparrow Breeding at Hubbardston, Mass. — A few

pairs of Zonotrichia albicollis breed each year, or have for the last two
years, among the lower hills (about 1000 feet elevation) about Wachu-
sett Mountain in Hubbardston, Mass. — Reginald Heber Howe, Jr.,

* Longvjood, Mass.

White-throated Sparrow. One seen December 7 and 8 ; and one
singing on March 28, near Belmont. They probably wintered.

"Vu.<A- Ank, XIX, July, 1902, p .^ 3 ■

tf^v6V&(vf

/y *3

7

/A ,

CMy^M (Pro -fat fr 1*0 to f

V-o '

c & /Il£v<f 4 s /Obo (y^^tsCCcl/bs *fb

0sy*sts(si

( **£ a Peabody

There were n-iimbers of this
latter bird, $ ■ %■ 7^4^,, 7w £o-v-r&.

■CUj_

0 O.&O. Vlll.Gfet.188.:

P £"o

Probable Breeding of the White-throated Sparrow in Connecticut. —

On June 26, 1906, while tramping through a spruce swamp near Bantam
Lake, Litchfield, Conn., I was surprised to hear the song of the white-
throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis). I soon found and secured the
bird, a male. The date and the fact that the testes were much enlarged
makes it almost certain that this bird was breeding there, and if so, the
first breeding record for Connecticut. I searched for sometime in hopes
of finding his mate and clinching the record, but that I did not find her
was not surprising considering the denseness of the thickets of spruce and
larch. — E. Seymoto^oo^pef., £r_, Litch^d^Qonn. ^ f

^ YUrfcsi-,.

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Two flocks of
twenty-five birds or more in each were seen in some weedy fields at Darien
on November 30, 1917. The latest record given in Bishop and Sage’s ‘Birds
of Connecticut’ for fall migration was November 28, 1885. A male was
taken to verify the field identification, and in view of the rather unusually
cold fall, this very late record seems interesting.

OT*t. xxx-V, iqra.fi, 7,32..

ini

* Some Birds of Lewis Co, N, Y,
C. Hart Merriam

( au -^

Zonotrichia albicollis,

c£s * * - ^

Bull. N.O.O, 3, April, 18 78 . p. 53

Birds of the Adirondack Region.

C.E,Meiriai£.

66. Zonotrichia albicollis ( Gmelin ) Bonaj>. White-throated Spar-
row. — Abundant summer resident, far outnumbering all the other Spar-
rows together.

Bull. N.O.O, S.Oct, 1881, p, 230

^OlZs 'filjj.

/3<*Zc

*•=» r^v t-

I " ' <»« Kinging, however, (h/.S’ ”

of July 18, on the Plaaterkill Turnpike between the foot of n it
Mountain and Tannersville. It was' in low, rather Lf^^tlf
wooded pasture on the head waters of Schoharie Creek and at an el '
tion probably of about 1800 feet. Along the same mart \ ‘
altitudes, I saw Galeosco^es Carolines and Harforkynck us Jfus

Ank> YU. jmy, i8£ 0> Pr z<? 6 ~

Notes ox Some Winter Residents of
Hudson Valley, E.A.Mearna.

10. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. -Mr.
. writes me : “A regular winter resident here (Riverdale) is Zono-
trichia albicollis. I rarely find it, however, in winter, except in the vicin-
ity ot private residences, where an abundance of spruce-trees and other
evergreens affords it a suitable shelter. At that season it often approaches
amiharly about the kitchen doorstep, in company with Junco Jnjemalis
and bpizella monhcola

Bull. N.O.O. 4, Jan. , 1879, p.36

2 c -to zT-

White-throated Sparrow. Common.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.298.

Jh<r(jOj crv~. ^kx. (r'xYi ^ ItccD ^TxJ^ t

15. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow. — Given in
the list only as a “common transient visitant.” Mr. Miller has found it
breeding at two stations near Peterboro ; and I have observed it to be
common in shrubby half-cleared ground near Oneida Lake.

. Auk, XX, July, 1903, p.

A .1 bi nisi* and Melanism in North
American Birds* Ruthven Deane,

In a specimen of Z. albi-
collis, kindly presented to me by Mr. N. C. Brown, of Portland,
Maine, the head is pure white, with the exception of the yellow
superciliary stripe which remains and causes a marked contrast.

Bua N.O.Q. 1, April, 1876, p.21

Albinism and Melanism in North

American Birds* Ruthven D eane,

Z. albicollis ,

Bull. N.O.O. l.April, 1876, p.2l

A curious Anomaly in the White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia
albicollis ). — On Sept. 28, 1904, I took at Germanicus, Renfrew Co.,
Ontario, a male bird of this species, that showed a strange freak in the
tail. While all the other feathers are of normal length and development
(2.50 in. long), one shows a length of 3.75 in- It is of the same color as
the other tail feathers, but the vanes are narrower. Near the ends of the
other rectrices it is much attenuated, as though it had wanted to step
growing at that point. It is the only instance of this kind that has come
under my observation. — C. W. G. Eifrig, Ottawa , Ont.

Aak, XXII, July, 1905. p . 3>3'3>d,

T&e Singing of Birds. E. P.Bicknell.

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.

This Sparrow is here a winter resident, appearing from further
north in the latter part of September, and remaining into May.
I have heard its song every month during its stay ; but in winter,
except at the borders of the season, singing is exceptional and
always of imperfect expression. Song at this season seems merely
to result from individual caprice.

Perhaps none of our birds shows greater irregularity from year
to year in the time of general entry into spring singing than the
White-throated Sparrow. While early April seems to be the
usual time for singing to begin, it is not unusual for it to com-
mence at any time in March, and in an abnormally mild season
may begin before the end of February. On the other hand, it is
sometimes deferred until the middle of April. Dates of final spring
songs run through May to the 20th, and usually, though not
always, occur a week or more before the species has disappeared.
This discrepancy between the time of final song and departure,
which is also noticeable with other species, is doubtless to be at-
tributed to the fact of the songless females outstaying the males.

When the White-throated Sparrows reappear among us, in
September, they are songless, and a week or two may elapse be-
fore they give voice. Dates of first autumn songs, of several sea-
sons, range from October 3d to yth.

The White-throated Sparrow has two especially characteristic
single notes ; a low cheeft, and a resonant, metallic chink. This
last sounds not unlike the clink of a metal hammer and drill, and
when it is uttered by several birds in regular turn the effect in
sound is strongly suggestive of that of quarriers at work near by.
This note chiefly belongs to the late afternoon and early evening,
and seems to be in general use only when a party of the birds are
settling for the night about some chosen shelter. About my resi-
dence are large closely-grouped Norway spruces. At sundown,
in late autumn, winter, and early spring, many White-throated
Sparrows congregate nightly for shelter in the dark recesses of
these shaggy evergreens. Ere they have settled for the night their
clear resonant notes fall upon the ear in confused rehearsal, but
they are subdued to gradual decadence with the deepening shad-
ows, until only now and then a single note breaks the stillness ;
then there is silence and night has fallen.

Auk. I, Oct., 1884. p. 33 /- 3 3 X .

jrds of
and.

oated Sparrow. — This bird so
less abundant than the ubiquitous
•iking song is far better known to
if the clearings, building its nest
nd singing nearly all of the time
Its well-known song is easily
angry and excited a male will
[ into his own domain. The song

ss of the night, and only those who
ods can know how profound this
1 to the bird many local names

the glimmering stars, I heard it again, like
a voice of hope calling from the depths of
gloomy despair, and enlivening the solitude
with its cheery notes. And as the first rays of
the rising sun adorned the east he, first of ally
lifted up his voice in gladness and praise. , i

im being ‘Kennedy Bird.’ I heard
new version which credits him with saying ‘Good Lord, pity me, pity
e pity me.’ When the young get on the wing, the song is less fre-
ely heard. The bird is known to the few French settlers of the island
; rossignol (nightingale).

Auk X, Jan, 1893. p ,ll~/JL.

OtSsQ, 16. Not, 1890, p,)73

IV

T^e Singing of Birds. E. P. Bicknell.

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.

This Sparrow is here a winter resident, appearing from further
north in the latter part of September, and remaining into May.
I have heard its song every month during its stay ; but in winter,
except at the borders of the season, singing is exceptional and
always of imperfect expression. Song at this season seems merely

•AYOHHVJg aHiVOHHX-HXIHjW ’SIJJOOiqiB EIipi-UOUOZ

•q-IH'-J Moppopj

J° jo aAqsaSSns sn Suos oq; oj sapnjju .laqsij \iq

'9 Z pun 6 Tbjaj uaoM;aq Suos jjnj sji p.iBoq pun ‘s-iaqmnu ouios
u; 4; punoj .loqsqq -jq ‘zggi ‘AVpj ui ‘ojuproAi-y; jo qptou sajiut
Xjupm} ‘Suig-guig jy ’ifouBjsuoo ouios qjiAA Suis fern pun ‘uos
-ess }Bip ;b uoiuuiooun jou sguiqnuios si ;; ss9[9tp.[9A9^ -Sui.icls

i££ •sp,iig fo SmSutg 337 uo TiaNsoig [-tggi

‘■°W ‘t-iodjso^Y tuo.ij ip:pnj\[ Xq paqjaosap js.iy SBAAjoajqns .inQ

•uoijB.iSira

pun uopnqujsip sji jo uavoioj mou si jBtp jjb suopBAjssqo gsoip oj

ppB 05 9J0p.lB .] 1 1 OS. I. id OL[} JO U0pU9JUI 9qi SI }I J) II II 4 AjjnjO.lBO 9}Illb
paijojBA\ 9.I3AA .I9JUIAV 3qj Sur.inp SJU9UI9AOU1 s j i ‘pgjoaclxa 9q jqSjui

Mt. Kearearge.N.H, June, 1890
1?. A* Bates

'' Leaving here, we find bird life growing very
scant, but see the Junco and White-t hroated
• Sparrow apparently breeding at a height of
2,000 feet.

Speaking of this latter bird, it is here in
these mountains that I heard its voice at its
greatest perfection, at least two more notes
being added to its song as heard in the low-
lands. It warbles at intervals during the
entire day, calling back and forth with its
companions; and later on, as I lay in my
blankets on the slopes of Mount Willey, in the
darkness of the night, and surrounded by the
sombre depths of the spruce forest, lit only by
the glimmering stars, I heard it again, like
a voice of hope calling from the depths of
gloomy despair, and enlivening the solitude
with its cheery notes. And as the first rays of
the rising sun adorned the east he, first of all,
lifted up his voice in gladness and praise.

0<&0» 15. Nov, 1890. P, 173 .

Dwicbt, bummer Birds of
Prince Edward Island,

Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.— This bird so
characteristic of the Canadian Fauna is less abundant than the ubiquitous
Junco, but on account of its loud and striking song is far better known to
the average inhabitant. It is a bird of the clearings, building its nest
upon the ground in a bunch of weeds, and singing nearly all of the time
it is not occupied scolding intruders. Its well-known song is easily
imitated, and it is amusing to see how angry and excited a male will
become if he thinks another has strayed into his own domain. The song

s sometimes heard breaking the stillness of the night, and only those who
lave passed a night in the northern woods can know how profound this
stillness may be. The song has given to the bird many local names
wherever it occurs, one of the best known being ‘Kennedy Bird.’ I heard

i new version which credits him with saying ‘Good Lord, pity me, pity

me pity me.’ When the young get on the wing, the song is less fre-
juentlv heard. The bird is known to the few French settlers of the island

- r. if.ica’nrrinl ( n i f Vi H LI PTllc') •

Auk X, Jan, 1893,

K7

SPEINQFiELD, MONDAY, MAY 8.

IF INTEREST TO LOVERS OF BIRDS.

/They 8hfl)lld IVot Miss Hearing the Pea-
f body Bird.

The -white-throated sparrow or Peabody
bird, the king of its family, says Robert 0.
Morris, is now here in great numbers on its
spring migration, and any one wishing to see
this bird and hear its facinating song can
have the opportunity to do so ; but it will be
seen and heard in and about Springfield only
for a few days longer, as it soon will have
passed on to its summer home. Thoreau
says its notes “are as distinct to the ear as
the passage of a spark of fire shot into the
darkness of the forest would be to the eye,'’
and one writer says “the notation of its
song could be easily written on the ,
musical staff. Beginning generally on the
fifth note of the scale after the first syllable
it ascends to the eighth or last note, and. ends
in four syllables more. After the first sylla-
ble of the song, the bird will sometimes
utter the second on the second or third note
of the scale above, and then dropping
back, will render the remaining three sylla-
bles on the usual pitch for the ending.” That
on one occasion it bred in Springfield is not
generally known, but the following extract
from the unpublished notes of B. B. Hil-
dreth, an observer of birds who died here
about 20 years ago, bears excellent testimony
that such was the fact.

August 13, 1867. At Ingersoll’s dell, a quiet
secluded and shaded spot about a mile from Main
street, and through which runs a brook, 1 have
I heard through June, July and this eveniug for the
last time, a pair of charming white-throated spar-
rows (Z. albicollis). Probably I have seen and
heard the pair at least 40 times and always near
the same spot. A few minutes before sunset I
generally passed into the dell near the arbor and
just opposite, mounted on a young elm, I was
almost always sure of finding the male bird sing-
ing his best; and although 1 generally took a seat
on the grass within a dozen yards of him, so far
from frightening him away, he, seemed to be rather

f ratified in having even one appreciating listener,
or frequently I had no sooner taken my
seat and commenced to imitate his peculiar and
wild whistle, than he, as if to show me the extent
of his musical powers and the folly of attempting
to imitate him, would ruffle up his crown feathers
and strike up two or three additional notes and
trill them in a most exquisite prolonging and
i tremulous sound. This he would repeat for half
an hour at a time not moving from the same spot
where he began. These charming interviews were
kept up through June, July and to August, when
I saw and heard him for the last time, on the 13th.
Although I searched diligently I could never dis-
cover the nest, which was without doubt con-
cealed at no great distance,”

; That it breeds in some of the hill towns west.

of here, which is now an established fact,
i was surmised by Mr Hildreth, as appears by
i the following extract from his notes: —

Saturday, June 1, 1867. On Cool brook in
Becket, with Dr McClean and George, “trouting.”
Good luck. Among other pleasant sounds was
much pleased to hear all day long the wild and
charming notes of the “white-throated sparrow.”

Friday, June 7, 1867. This p. m. again on Cool
brook. Again heard the charming wild whistling
notes of the white-throated sparrow all the after-
noon. I am now confident that this rare bird
breeds in this vicinity.

If, is an occasional summer resident in
Worthington, Cummington, Becket, Wash-
ington, and probably all the high mountain
towns in Hampshire, Franklin and Berk-
shire counties, and is common upon the top
of Graylock, where it has been given the
name of “mountain lark.”

A New White-throat Song. — Last summer it was my good fortune to
hear a charming song from a White-throated Sparrow, which, so far as I
am aware, has never before been published. In the woods of Thornton,
N. H., the notes of Zonotrichia albicollis are among the most character-
istic sounds in the early summer, growing less frequent toward the end
of July, and ceasing altogether early in August. The normal song, as I
have heard it there, is as follows :

r ZjLtPi>

0 — r—

0

- — i —

- -

. mil

t~ 8

—

(The exact pitch of this and my other notations I have no means of deter-
mining, and have therefore put them into the key of G, following therein
similar notations observed by Mr. Henry Oldys of Washington, who has
■ kindly furnished me with a number of interesting White-throat songs.)

On the 24th of July, 1906, about noon, my attention was attracted by
the following fragment of a song from a White-throat :

A few minutes later I heard the same song in its complete form, as fol-
lows:

=E= t— li. r =£

m

This song, unusually sweet and plaintive, was constantly repeated, and
was occasionally answered from the neighborhood woods by the song
which I have indicated as the normal White-throat song in that locality.

There are two rather unusual features in this song: first, its descend-
ing character, and, secondly, the fact that its last notes are in groups of
4 instead of 3. Both of these features have been noted by Mr. Oldys,
but never combined in precisely the same form as that which I secured.
For example, he notes the following song which has the same descending
character as mine, but differs from it in having triplets instead of quadru-
plets at the end:

nil -f~'

-f .

0 • ...

A—

t

P

t=-t t — t -v- f t

-t'-t I

Again, he secured a song containing 4-note groups at the end, but differ-
ing from mine at the beginning, thus:

From these and other similar examples, the diversity ot form which the
White-throated Sparrow’s song assumes is apparent, and the melody
which I chanced to secure is merely one of a great variety of songs with
which the woods are doubtless constantly echoing, but which pass unno-
ticed until some tramper happens to catch the air and preserve it. — Alfred
Dame, Worcester Academy, Worcester, Mass.

Aox, XXIV, J c ,a. , 190 7 , p ./ox-i*?.

M

Birds of Dead Biver Region, Me. F^H
50. Zonotrichia albicollis, (White-throated Spar-
row). In spring this Sparrow was pretty evenly
distributed, but by August they came in flocks
around the camps and in Ihe tote roads. A nest
found in the clearing at Tim Pond, a few rods
from our log cabin, by my companion, contained
on June 3d, four eggs. It was placed on, not in
the ground, in a bramble of fire weed and black-
berry vines, and was exceedingly bulky, being
composed of grass and weed stalks, fine rootlets
and horse hair, taken from the old lumber stables
nearby. The eggs were heavily marked with
dark brown on a greyish ground color. Several
old nests were found in August. Their clear
whistle of a song is well known. “They are
rendered further conspicuous by the whistling
sound of their wings when in flight.”

O.&O. XI, Oct. 1886, p. 146

O.

. y >- £ •

On the 13th of June, 1874, I found a nest, containing four eggs,
of ZonotricMa albicollis in Scarborough, and subsequent observations
have proved the species almost a common summer resident. It is
perhaps more numerous in Cape Elizabeth and Scarborough than
elsewhere, but is to be found, in suitable localities, quite throughout
Cumberland County through the summer months. Its nesting in
Massachusetts has been recorded,* but it has been regarded a repre-
sentative of the Fauna of Northern New England and Canada.

Bu&N.O.C. 4, April, 1876, p. /OT.

Notes- Birds of Grand Manan.

Ohas.H., Andros.

White-throated Sparrow, ( Zonotricliia al-
bicollis). This species was more conspic-
uous than actually abundant, and its ring-
ing note, a combination between a whistle
and a song was very frequently heard
at all hours of the day. A nest was found by
Mr. F. W. Andros at Eastport, Maine on the
afternoon of our arrival at that place. The
nest was placed on the ground under some
slight dead underbrush, on a rocky ledge. The
birds evinced considerable alarm and flew un-
easily about, uttering their loud metalic chink.
This set numbered four, and was very uniform in
color. At Grand Manan they were heard on
every hand, but as previously stated, in no
great numbers. They were, however, about
the only bird which was evenly distributed
over the entire area of the island, being heard
and seen in all portions.

Another nest of this Sparrow, which we

• 9 JB.I Xipmba su si sSSo oa.iqj pus ‘ oaij
S uiurtnuoo jsati v. punoj j l issi qill sip Jspf
uo uaqAt ‘era oj pajiiasajd uaaq eouo Jpio suq
SS 30 X 8 uy ‘39S .isq ajeidmoo .moj ssop Jpn.ioj
-urn Aioq (sisunniouvo sdjdoosodinf)) ‘p.uqjRO aqi
jo osso atp ui qjt!A8.id pinoM. eo.iqj uojjo 8 *

A Second Instance of the Breeding of the White-throated Sparrow
in Eastern Massachusetts. — On the 13th and 14th of June (1888) I
found a White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis) singing in
Wakefield, Mass. ; and on the 16th and 17th, in the same spot (a bushy
roadside swamp), I saw a female of the same species. The male was in
full plumage, and the identification was absolute in every case. I saw
nothing more of either bird, as I left home on the 18th and did not return
till July 11 ; but the presence of the pair (within a radius of two or
three rods) for five days in the middle of June would seem to leave no
doubt of their breeding. The only previous record of such an occur-
rence, so far as I am aware, is that of Mr. Browne, in the ‘Bulletin of
the Nuttall Ornithological Club,’ Vol. V, p. 52. — Bradford Torrey,
Melrose Highlands, Mass. Auk, V, Oct, , 1888. P.

* Hist. N. A. Birds, Yol. I, p. 575.

Notes from Taftsville, Vt.

June 21st, I found a nest of the White-
throated SjBSteS, {Zonotrichia albicollis),
containing four fresh eggs, and July 3d,
another containing three. Both nests wei e
constructed of dried leaves, weeds and
grasses, lined with finer grass, an o 1
were placed on the ground m slight de
pressions. They are a little larger than the
nests of the Song Sparrow, ( Melospiza
fasciata), but closely resemble some of the
latter. The eggs are greyish white

marked with confluent blotches and spots of

different shades of brown and lilac. llie

largest of the seven measures .8JX - 13, me

smallest .83X-73-

It is probable that both nests belonged

to the same pair of birds.

( 2 , ■

O.&O, IX. sept. 1884. p. /etyA/of

Zonotrichia albicollis nesting in Eastern Massachusetts. I
have lately seen a set of eggs of the White-throated Sparrow obtained in
this vicinity, and interviewed the collector, Mr. E. Ilaeuber of this place.
The locality was the southeast part of Framingham, near the Natick line.
The location was a tussock in a rather wet meadow, adjoining a wooded
swamp fringed with alders. The eggs, four in number, were taken early
in June, 1874, and were somewhat advanced in incubaiion. Unfortunate-
ly neither nest nor bird was secured, Mr. H. not being then aware of the
" ' [is find ; but he says the identification is beyond all doubt, as he
parent bird from the nest, and she, alighting frequently within
gave him every advantage in observing her. — F. C. Browne,
Mass.

Bull N. O.O. 5. Jan., 1880, P. 62 -

also took a set of White-throated 1 8 8^

O.&O. IX. Jan. 1884. p . lie

V

Birds of Dead River Region, Me, F. H, O.

50. Zonotricliia albicollis, (White-throated Spar-
row). In spring this Sparrow was pretty evenly
distributed, but by August they came in flocks
around the camps and in the tote roads. A nest
found in the clearing at Tim Pond, a few rods
from our log cabin, by my companion, contained
on June 3d, four eggs. It was placed on, not in
the ground, in a bramble of Are weed and black-
berry vines, and was exceedingly bulky, being
composed of grass and weed stalks, fine rootlets
and horse hair, taken from the old lumber stables
nearby. The eggs were heavily marked witli
dark brown on a greyish ground color. Several
old nests were found in August. Their clear
whistle of a song is well known. “They are
rendered further conspicuous by the whistling
sound of their wings when in flight.”

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1886. p. 148

Notes- Birds of Grand Manan.

Chas. H.. Andror.

White-throated Sparrow, ( Zonotricliia al-
bicollis'). This species was more conspic-
uous than actually abundant, and its ring-
ing note, a combination between a whistle
and a song was very frequently heard
at all hours of the day. A nest was found by
Mr. F. W. Andros at Eastport, Maine on the
afternoon of our arrival at that place. The
nest was placed on the ground under some
slight dead underbrush, on a rocky ledge. The
birds evinced considerable alarm and flety un-
easily about, uttering their loud metalic chink.
This set numbered four, and was very uniform in
color. At Grand Manan they were heard on
every hand, but as previously stated, in no
great numbers. They were, however, about
the only bird which was evenly distributed
over the entire area of the island, being heard
and seen in all portions.

Another nest of this Sparrow, which we
found when in company with Mr. Cheney,
differed in many particulars from the preced-
ing account of the Eastport one. This latter
nest was on the ground in a small clearing in a
large swamp, and the bird was detected in slyly
and swiftly running from the nest, and very
contrary to its usual habits, no exhibition of
concern on the part of the parent was given,
and no bird was seen after leaving the nest.

To judge of actions of this species, from the
two extremes above given, needs broad expo-

TIPTIPP

F. H. Carpenter.

O.&O. XII. Oot. 1887 p. /?/

:ed Sparrow

ne (1888) I
i 1 singing in

Wakefield, Mass. ; and on the i6th and 17th, in the same spot (a bushy
roadside swamp), I saw a female of the same species. The male was in
full plumage, and the identification was absolute in every case. I saw
nothing more of either bird, as I left home on the 18th and did not return
till July 11 ; but the presence of the pair (within a radius of two or
three rods) for five days in the middle of June would seem to leave no
doubt of their breeding. The only previous record of such an occur-
rence, so far as I am aware, is that of Mr. Browne, in the ‘Bulletin of
the Nuttall Ornithological Club,’ Vol. V, p. 52. — Bradford Torrey,
Melrose Highlands, Mass. Ault, V, Oct. , 1888. P.

™ , £ zd. ^ *2 , rj /

.... yi.t..

On the 13th of June, 1874, I found a nest, containing four eggs,
of Zonotricliia albicollis in Scarborough, and subsequent observations
have proved the species almost a common summer resident. It is
perhaps more numerous in Cape Elizabeth and Scarborough than
elsewhere, but is to be found, in suitable localities, quite throughout
Cumberland County through the summer months. Its nesting in
Massachusetts has been recorded,* but it has been regarded a repre-
sentative of the Fauna of Northern New England and Canada.

BulLN.O.O. 4, April, 1879, p. /O 7.

* Hist. N. A. Birds, Vol. I, p. 575.

Notes from Taftsville, Vt.

June 21st, I found a nest of the mute-
throated SJ2HE2A’ {Zonotricliia albicollis)
containing four fresh eggs, and u y
another containing three. Both nests were
constructed of dried leaves, weeds and
grasses, lined with finer grass, andboth
were placed on the ground m slight de
pressions. They are a little larger than the
Pests of the Song Sparrow, {Melospiza
fasciata), but closely resemble some of the
latter. The eggs are greyish white

marked with confluent blotches and spots of

different shades of brown and lilac. ,

largest of the seven measures .89X - te, me

smallest .83X-73.

It is probable that both nests belonged
to the same pair of birds.

O.&O. IX. Sept. 1884. p.

ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS NESTING IN EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS. I

have lately seen a set of eggs of the White-throated Sparrow obtained in
this vicinity, and interviewed the collector, Mr. E. Haeuber of this place.
The locality was the southeast part of Framingham, near the Natick line.
The location was a tussock in a rather wet meadow, adjoining a wooded
swamp fringed with alders. The eggs, four in number, were taken early
in June, 1874, and were somewhat advanced in incubation. Unfortunate-
ly neither nest nor bird was secured, Mr. H. not being then aware of the
' * his find ; but he says the identification is beyond all doubt, as he

e parent bird from the nest, and she, alighting frequently within
, gave him every advantage in observing her. — F. C. Browne,
am, Mass.

53.

Bull N. O.O. 5, Jan., 1880, P.

also took a set of White-throated „ Sparrow

O.&O. IX. Jan. 1884. p. O’

184

ORNITHOLOGIST

[Vol. 14-No. 12

spring both sibkened and died. It was so
sudden and so apparently from an unnatural
cause that I was led to make a careful exam-
ination. I noticed that there seemed to be a
hard bunch in the lowe/ part of the throat,
and the knife speedily revealed the secret.
They had gone t» the /Isli heap and picked up
small cinders; these /being rough had clogged
up the passage aim/ they were unable to throw
them off. It woulS be impossible to relate the
many interesting things that I observed at the
time. I never before or since have had my
mind so mueli occupied by what seemed a
higher order of life in birds than we usually
observe than I did in fyie brief company with
my two i/t't crows. \ XX

DLOGIST

Nesting of the White- throated
Sparrow.

As I am not aware that the nesting habits
of this species (Zono trichi a albicollis) have
been previously described in the pages of the
O. ife 0. and as the habitat of this bird itself —
at least in the summer season — appears to be
rather locally confined, and its manner of
nesting seems known to comparatively few, I
assume that some of my observations on this
matter, during the past season, may be inter-
esting to many readers.

Unlike the Song Sparrow (Melospizafasciata)
the range of this species is confined to tracts
of low, swampy ground, or the margins of
brusli-littered woods, where there is an inter-
mingling of low brushwood, creeping vines,
tall grasses and fallen timber; but the half
burnt swamps are its peculiar home, from the
early days of April until the advent of autumn;
and here through all the summer-time its clear,
loud whistling song is among the most con-
spicuous of all the bird melody that affects the
otherwise unpleasing scenery.

In the manner and position of its nest there
is little difference between it and the Song
Sparrow, except that the nest is nearly always
placed upon the ground, generally sunk into
it. The materials of which the nest is com-
posed are also much the same, viz.: stalks of
dry weeds, strips of fine, dry bark, dry grass,
rootlets, and a small quantity of cattle, or
horse hair. The set of eggs is usually four,
although sometimes in the early season five
are deposited, while later on, sets of three and
two may be found undergoing incubation. Its
nidification extends from the middle of May
to the first week of August, but if not dis-

turbed, it will probably not lay more than
twice in the season, while if disturbed it will
nidifv four or five times.

[Yol. 14-No. 12

saw very few' of the birds and found none of
their eggs in any nest that I came across.

George G. Cantwell.

Lake Mills, Wis.

[Seven of the sets above referred to by Mr.
Cantwell, together with another set collected
in a different locality, are now before me, and
may be thus described:

Set I. May 22, 1886, Huron, Dakota. Col-
lected by E. S. Cheney. Nest, a hollow in the
ground, lined with fine grass, placed beside
manure on a hillside. Three eggs, incubation
begun. Pinkish-white, speckled with burnt
umber, and also veined with a few lines of seal
brown: .78x.56; ,78x.54; .78 x .57. (This set
is described in Davie’s Nests and Eggs, 1889,
page 296.)

Set II. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface of the surround-
ing prairie. Four eggs, incubation begun.
Greenish- white, spotted sparingly, but dis-
tinctly, with clove brown. There are a few
under shell markings of cinereous. The spots
are evenly distributed all over the surface:
.76x.5o; ,76x.55; ,73x.55; ,72x.54.

Set III. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of bleached grass and weed stems,
sunken flush with the surface. Four eggs,
fresh. Greenish-white, speckled and spotted
with Vandyke brown and seal brown, with a
few under shell markings of cinereous. These
spots are heaviest around the larger ends: .79
x.55; .70x.55; .67x,54; ,67 x,54.

Set IV. May 23, 1889, Lac-qui-Parle County,
Minn. Collected by Geo. G. Cantwell. Nest
composed of grass and weed stems, sunken
flush with the surface of the surrounding
plains. Four eggs, fresh. Light greenish-
white, speckled and spotted all over the sur-
face with burnt umber. There are also under
shell markings of drab-gray, and a few vein,
ings of seal brown: .77 x .57; .75 x .58; .75 x .58;
.74 x .59.

The White-throated Sparrow Breeding in Eastern Massachusetts.—

On nine different days, from June 29 to August 6 of the present year, I
heard a White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis ) singing at the
same locality in Boxford, Essex Co., Mass., and on several occasions I
saw the bird plainly and fully identified it — once when in company with
Dr. C. W. Townsend. I was unable to find the female or the nest, but on
August 20 I saw at the same place two young birds of this species in the
juvenal plumage with speckled breasts, one of them having the tail im-
perfectly fledged. They were alone while I watched them and were evi-
dently able to shift for themselves. The finding of the young at this
time and place and in this plumage seems to establish the fact of the
breeding of the bird here. Messrs. Howe and Allen’s List cites but two
breeding records of this species for eastern Massachusetts — Browne,
Bulletin N. O. C., Vol. V, p. 52, of a nest found in Framingham,
•1879, by Mr. C. E. Haeuber, and Torrey, Auk, Vol. V, pp. 426, 427, of a
pair observed for several days at one locality in the breeding season of
1888, in the town of Wakefield, the latter not being a “breeding record ”
strictly speaking. What gives the matter additional interest is the fact
that on June 4, at a locality a quarter or half mile distant from that of the
bird above-mentioned and also in the town of Boxford, I had previously
heard the song of a White-throated Sparrow, but though I visited the
place often thereafter I did not hear it again until July 2, when I heard it
delivered two or three times and once very distinctly. This song was
entirely different from that of the bird of the other locality, being one of
the commoner forms, while that was individual and quite unique in my
experience. This convinces me that two male White-throated Sparrows
passed the breeding season here, and suggests that the nesting of this
species in Essex County may be something more than accidental. It is
not easy, however, to account for the fact that the latter bird was heard
but twice. I may also add that the two localities mentioned are separated
by thick woods, and that two or three roads intervene. According to Mr.
G. M. Allen’s List of the Birds of New Hampshire, Zonotrichia albicollis
has not been found breeding in the eastern part of that State south of
Lake Winnepesaukee. The region about Boxford has a slight Canadian
tinge, Vireo solitarius, Helmintho-phila rubricafilla , Dendroica black-
buruice , and Hylocichla guttata fallasii being found there in the breed-
ing season. — Francis H. Allen, West Roxbury, Mass.

Aok, XXII, Oct. , IQOdi 9 •

l

X

&/ajC*_ , ^ULlAz ^«u*^

4c ^>1.^1. /fn^^J^y if jf&jayJ&jy

/ L'CAJ^A. iA-t-G^t. /Icu^. <M*. /xr^~~^

^LA^Z<Z^ci ^tcl^ dL^~c£ ^UL

tffZZ. PtriAlZZi C~ ^ /t , 2}^

/%^^^/->~ /£— -^£~Z *^~o — -

A« ^£<V

/C >^^r_ &Z^?\

9P. vl-iccleLixJz^ -&c. ysUoM>.

^ASHJ, JLS- - 36 - /m

Mt Watatic

On June 26th and on the following

day while rambling about near the summit of 'the mountain, we heard
in the distance below us on the mountain side faintly, but dis-
tinctly, the sow^tf of !©£✓ White Throated Sparrow, repeated, on
each occasion four or five times. As nearly as we could judge,
from the direction and .apparent di stance of the sound, the bird
must have been in the pasfe^t the base of the mountain, but after-
wards we visited this* p*£*c, twice, remaining in or near *5^ two

hours or more on each occasion without finding or hearing the bird
again.

''53

DESCRIPTION OF A HYBRID SPARROW (ZO NO-
TRICHI A ALBICOLLIS -f JUNCO HIEMALIS).

BY CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.

On December 12, 1882, Mr. William L. Baily shot the bird
here described near Haverford College, Montgomery County,
Pa. Mr. Baily suspected it to be a cross between the White-
throated Sparrow (Z. albicollis ) and the Snowbird ( J. hiema-
lis') , and recently left it with me for further examination. Having
compared it with specimens of these species I fully agree with
him as to its hybrid nature, since it bears the prominent charac-
ters of each bird. The specimen (a male) was shot in company
with the above named species, both of which are quite common
here this winter.

I indorse, thp views of Mr. William Brewster, in regard to
Helm in th ophaga leucobronchialis and H. lawrencei , and his
explanation of several obscure species of North American birds
on the grounds of hybridity (this Bulletin, Vol. VI, pp. 218-
225). Hybridity is by no means of frequent occurrence among
our native Passeres, and a case of it between different genera of
the Fringillidce is of more than passing interest, but the hybrid
does not warrant a special name, as some ornithologists have
thought.

Description: Intermediate in size between Z. albicollis and
y. hiemalis. Bill, nearly the size of that of Z. albicollis. but
colored like that of hiemalis. Throat as in albicollis , breast and
belly as in hiemalis. Tail of ten feathers, outer pair white, with
the basal third dark ; second pair with a small white spot on
inner vane ; other tail feathers dark, pale-edged above. Upper
plumage mainly like that of Z. albicollis , but suffused with the
slaty color of y. hiemalis ; white spot from nostrils to eyes.
Wing-coverts white-tipped, as in Z. albicollis , and edge of wing
faintly yellowish. Length about 7 - 5 ° > wing and tail, 3. Male.

[Through the kindness of Mr. Townsend I have been able to examine
the hybrid above described, which combines in nearly equal degree the
characters of Junco hiemalis and Zonotriehia albicollis. The black bands
on each side of the crown are narrower and less distinct than in the latter
and the superciliary line is represented merely by a white spot above the
lores. There is a faint maxillary stripe. The black streaks of the inter-
scapular region are much narrower than in Z. albicollis , and the rufous
edgings of the feathers are suffused with slate ; there is also less rufous on
the wings, and the rump and upper tail-coverts are also more olivaceus,
and the tail is darker.

This example, taken in connection with the hybrid Swallow described
sometime since by Mr. Trotter in this Bulletin (Vol. Ill, pp. 135, 136, July,
1878), is of the highest interest, as intimated by Mr. Townsend, as throw-
ing light on certain obscure Audubonian species known thus far only from
the single examples on which the species were based, and makes the sec-
ond known case of hybridity between species of quite distinct genera
among our Oscine birds. Doubtless the Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis
Langd, believed by Mr. Ridgway (see this Bulletin, Vol. V, p. 237) to be
a hybrid between Helminthophila pi nus and Oporornis formosa , may be
counted as a third example of like character, to say nothing of the several
probable cases cited by Mr. Brewster in the paper above referred to by
Mr . Townsend. — J. A. Allen.]

UN, O.O, S.Apil. 1889, p, 7 SO ■

THE AUK :

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF

ORNITHOLOGY.

vol. x. July, 1893. no. 3.

A HYBRID SPARROW ( ZONOTRICHIA ALBI-
COLLIS + JUNCO H TEMALIS) .

BY WITMER STONE.

The rarity of hybrid birds in a state of nature and the great
interest which they possess, not only for ornithologists, but also
for naturalists in general, renders it desirable that such hybrid
specimens as have been secured should be well described and
figured. With this object in view the Editors of ‘The Auk’ have
had the accompanying plate prepared, illustrating the hitherto
unfigured hybrid between the White-throated Sparrow and Slate-
colored Junco. The original painting from which the plate was
made is the work of Mr. Ernest E. Thompson, who is well
known for his many beautiful illustrations of bird life. The bird
here represented was secured by Mr. William L. Baily near
Haverford College, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, on
December 12, 1882, and was first described in the Bulletin of the
Nuttall Ornithological Club, Vol. VIII, p. by Mr. Charles
H. Townsend.

Mr. Baily has recently had the specimen mounted, and has
presented it to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
where it is now exhibited in the collection of local birds which is
being formed for the museum by the Delaware Valley Ornitho-
logical Club.

This bird, which is a male, combines the characters of Zono-
trichia albicollis and Junco hye?nalis in nearly equal propor-
tions. The upper surface and wings have the general aspect of the
Zonotrichia , but the black shaft stripes are narrower and the
rufous is more or less suffused with slaty, this shade predomi-
nating on the head, where the central white stripe is entirely
obliterated and the black stripes considerably broken. Beneath
the pattern of coloration is that of the Zonotrichia , but the breast
and sides are of a darker slaty hue. The superciliary stripe is
reduced to a white spot behind the nostril and there is a faint
dusky maxillary stripe. The outermost tail feathers have the
terminal two thirds white, and there is a white terminal spot on
the inner web of the next pair.

Auk X.JuIt, 1883 p. 213-14

Belmont ,
1882 .
May 8.

Zonotriohia albicoll is .

Mass .

Contents of stomach.

<zf <L ^ =Z ^

£pc f £t^o Zit f,

& *z~ /£<Ac*~r^(~ y-

tL'hj

/ yyz

ph^CttLcZ ' or ^ <3 <2^< cr^ Sba^ a - Z-rSCe. -t oZst^, y

C-x/-A-^ Ax cl^isi trZCZZ x\_ OX < 3 -z^ < 3 -co/ 0 si_

JuM^c^cJ c j/ { ^ Pcc&(- ^4 -

^ c ZZx <5* C^CL-eCL- J I

77« w 'jy'avt O 0771 X,

Unusual Dates for some Birds at New Haven, Conn. — White-throated
Sparrows have been present in large numbers in Edgewood Park up to
date (Jan. 2, 1909). Five Rusty Blackbirds have been in the same Park
since December 26. I saw a Fox Sparrow on Dec. 22 and two of them
on Jan. 2. On Dec. 22, near Lighthouse Point I saw two Red-winged
Blackbirds and about twenty-five White-winged Crossbills. The date
cannot be called unusual for the Crossbills, but they are rare here. On
Dec. 26 and 28, I saw a male Towhee in Edgewood Park. On Dec. 21, at
Mitchells Hill, I saw a Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, and on Dec. 25, at
Saltonstall Ridge, I saw four Red-breasted Nuthatches. Robins knd
Bluebirds have been seen occasionally, and on Dec. 25 Mr. A. W. Hony-
will, Jr., saw a Hermit Thrush at Mitchell’s Hill. On the next day Mr.
Honywill and I saw the thrush at the same place. These birds were all
positively identified although none of them were taken.— Clifford H.
Pangburn, New Haven, Conn.

Auk i!<3, Apr-1909,p. / 9

'57

Mf

636. Hybridity in Birds. Editorial. Ibid., p. 84.— Comment on the
case of hybridity between the Snowbird and White-throated Sparrow re-
ported by Mr. Townsend (Bull. N. O. C., VIII., p. 78; Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., 1883, p. — )., and a case of hybridity reported between the Mallard
and Pintail Duck. FOr. & Stream, Vol.XXif Uo.TT

1448. Occurrence of the Swamp and White-throated Sparrows at
Cambridge , Mass. , in Winter. By Charles R. Lamb. Ibid., p. 32.

■Ouar, Jour, Bos, Zooh Soo. II '

*> - H. r. w.

et, v~trtr llkrigrtdp L&t ^I'WzIzdnt /

V* *<*' L *^- W.-hh lLo<^,

■vWt/. 9-am,, ztf, Ifrfi/.

(tf.i-ip. x v. *

15 *

ycr/aj Co , n xj.

Breeding of the White-throated Sparrow in Yates County, N. Y. — Owing
to the fact that the White-throated Sparrow ( Zonotrichia albicollis) has
never been reported as breeding in western New York, it gives me pleasure
to record the nesting of this species in the famous bird haunt, Potter Swamp,
in the northern portion of Yates County.

On the evening of May 31, 1909, as I was leaving the edge of this swampy
forest I was surprised to hear the sweet clear whistle of a White-throated
Sparrow coming from a two-acre clearing at the edge of the woods. Again
on June 6, while photographing a nest of the Cerulean Warbler “in situ”
near this clearing I heard the White-throat again, and as the bird sang so
constantly and remained in a restricted area I felt convinced that is was
singing to its mate on the nest. Therefore upon descending from the Ceru-
lean’s nest I began a search for the nest that was only successful after over
two hours’ hunt among the tangle of weeds, ferns, bushes and swamp
grass. The female was flushed directly from the nest at my feet, thus
proving her to be a very close sitter. The nest contained four fresh eggs
and was hidden on top of a grassy hummock at the base of a bunch of
weeds surrounded by ferns and small bushes. Several photographs of the
nest and eggs were taken.

The nearest record that I have been able to find was of a pair found
breeding in Oneida County, near the village of Holland Patent, on June 16,
1886.

Of other species nesting in the near vicinity were Golden-winged Warbler,
Canadian Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Water-thrush, Winter Wren, Yel-
low-bellied Sapsucker, Red-bellied Woodpecker, Wood Duck, and Brown
Creeper. — Clarenoe F. Stone, Branchport, N. Y.

Auk 27. J«n-10XO th* 3 '**

Eastern Massachusetts.

IcC'P^t

Os

u ®- Jo -

,, « - C.& Cd. &<L <J. X *Z 7f.

im,u% /J2° %&-V-/(,‘*m-

a. * ■

Hr-*..

I inf, ii\ jW)

inf n® /k96

j± /jjt> 27 ® /r/j /d'i3 3o 1 /ity

/$. PjutJsrJL*. ft a*/» C>

ItfttiMj _ I'dU 3d /$f 3

/<^ 4 Ijnj. 7 a - r-. /O l ./3i2o® 2 /f@. 22 ® 2 7 ? 3/ T ' W£

*® tu ® u®, zh _ jo i j/ ® _ /7?j

^ «. to-. £«*•-

> XU* 1,7* Xbok <J/* /3fr

6 -. 7® /o® 13 ®. /2 } :lo -. 7 /-. 2/-^/ Ikfz

/ftp

f* //-: /<r*/f s /j#

/fi 3 ‘ 7* /i ? l /o '° // ? JU 1 /$7J X *»~zzzt+u.

-7 -V? •* x- ‘ •*

Tpf ^

% .% V;' ,V.

«, c.*, to.. ^ &*-

3 1 10 ’ 17 ’ 2 jus i if- * X-7" *3 04 3/

/<§■ J©

U-**

)lev<

%>

#£T. 2 y7~ £6 Zf 2* Jo v. 3 / * /W .

"2 2- ZS“— Z7 L " It- 3o *3!*
i<7 d/'°

U® *r®JL4® Z7®JLfr®2p So* C r^c^ ju

/?Luk' lo 7. XL- 13 M ' 5, ;•' ' • 29 s 30- '37- c t

% « j *» 7 © < 7*7 £ ^ 7 ^' <jr -"/''if 72 /Jir A#« m 277 7a- 6 /£f/„

/i J- y J'- ^ 7 ?° /tfV/ Jo /2 *V 3®/^/l. /7-/t- /f®Zo®

v ’ &«..

‘ Zfi

~i«-

/ £ . ^ -° J ^ ^ //® /|1? § -° /f

/. ( 3 > /-©>

7(g) o j-o

7 7^7 /a®. /&-*? /6^'/7®/^ /f®2o®3P‘

! JX , 3 ff 22® 12®>ZS'

^7 j ? ^ i 77 /<5 7 /? 7 , 7® /7^:. 7- 6 77 5 /7// .

(V.,

L ^' l >r^ ^ /r:r\ ^ -

^' < S 13^-17® /f @ ;., ■ •; ' ■:.

n}, M3 i,,lsn~t-

Jy?. n. nv^yjcr

/JfV

/fiz

/&/

/ftz

/Hr

(<■ -

ZB. H~ /3a uX fau

(9tZ<r(re^

lo® U*Z7 l - IX'* 2?*°- 3oi°3! *° IHJ/

XI® 30- t*T( to' 3o® 3/® Cy ^A, Iffy; /? i jLl^JtiLo XL6~'3lf fip^nX. Itiff

y ]xrv*™*J* a /. -2 - ZZ>® Zb L " Cs^j^a , / Z'l h

1 & 3® Y & <^3r~ 6® 7&jF@f ®/ 0**//¥ nj /I$j> yyi /7- /V- (±®Z0 @ z f®
/-' ^ J5 #/<> £ '* f * /c v /^° !(>'-*' Z/&JU® 1 7^ /m

//P 3& Y® 3- 6~‘ 7- to-.?* 4 3 ^w - /ftzY. / ( 6 ( j<j

UJo^m a i® io<$ iw. mvi

yyixyvZtCrur^A^

u ,

Hrv* X.b~

'lo~

Pi ^ 6 *~<X. fj 3 (3 <A 4 O Xa ffliyt-cXcXZ 2 'A<. d ~7 Sl-Aj-xX /I'IIalaX^aJ ,

7^xy i ‘ ‘. $UjL Fj ' '" ! * «6»c X'X -f-'Xi xy/ A yl - l l- i/ x-X/

i^jJxAA <6tcx^ ‘ ^ ' Uu ^~ <^X-{1. _ AtCix. ^ZaxXdlZ <P(Zcy X

Ph*K tbsvtMjuCi i-XX i^isl 9 j t^y^v AtxXx cLtpJZZZ-i AsyT-eA- < - 1> * 1 <-.' xx /< <■< y

$fc\jC^+AyQ iXjAy] ^-4 i\\/i~?X ^/Oo(Ax*~vxM i *S~1r*y/—<C ^C6c~c Xa?~\aa~ ^IXy ^6<yy/t6c^ ***-

Yj Pld X^A -24 (fif-AxA . iJ'^u. "fexy 'Htyudy c/w^pyiyv^ ^ 6 ^Ady»

fy\X_ ^VyAAA^Jt-tJy cL^-iAybL c t*yl}-2ji- . ’' A-Xat- 'A_-c--c<_c/. lZxAa^ P.t. /'j _ /"y / (. -1..X < ^ L< - yk.2iA^y. Z 1AyyyuCcy{.

i^txty ^66-M—t-Lxyc 'Z/xAy /J yy-i^/ycA* *\aa — *7 ^66L<A (Kx..-f1 ^£6x-'/L'!H-y-^ 6u^}— / ^P^Aj

V

AX'

O-As^y

kxx, . X

<x

..{L &~IA*- ^ ^'A

/

^V^vx/^ 0 '7 *1 <x££\Xaa,

0

in 7 ZZ. $2 UsloL ^UZy

^x r _yf[~\ r - Sm — t-Axvj ^ ^ > ^ w n-nn "

a^-cA, j fr^n€

4^ cjj-L.^ih' /u
~f?PC' C-A-xV, ^ATO d"

^ Xc-t- XA^C £-Vi-i^vz-<X xZc^y

l^VW ^ ^'<-'

^2x/\Xv. ^ 'PX^V-AX, ^J'X+s'lA &*4

< j'^i.'CCP OuO ‘j Zr

£h-£-^C^S

*Z-Asc&nt Wt. f
-cL ft-i-cx. <«M? J A-tnyy^. CVs^t- Pt.JL't-Z

e ' .

Ui ty c ,y - <x,

^^V<AaaA<X.

( X^x.

N

v

4

s

i

~~$XZZ^ ttxJi* P&^ U LAAjL.tL ^-XXZ v<yvir^ /fc>_ ^y^jXX. CJUIaa//^

,.i'_vi_ 1aT“£IAxc*^. P~k*\X (i-6iy ^ ( / t\Jyi.M, s ij. ut t. -.y ^ A x--*..<

7 /k^ L/J 4^vvd huXt ) _ -f'an. /^05Lv^ ^^w/ 1 c ^-v. cX^-<3

&~cst ir^s^y CX.y^Ayt iv^ Cw~vx

i^txA^ ( |X<Xl^ . i^u <S ^ d-hdA V l i ; ^-^VvA

J ~ , i'Lw wk (j-p^t-\A^*s~\ t-v^. ^ Otr-tXCi tistJ-d-f-y- aXZX — ' Iaj\44a.

JvLyXtX^ A~^xMa/Ixi |jy. iXXtA<uyt\ &y fr-1 Uyy/ L ^y

PCX j\AXXXPC\JLA > A 1 lXCl. XZa. P\t«yX-XA-A Ph\^y/ tA/wLx, <fl^c-A- 77 y

„.C’(Z\ oXZCZZi y—j' l y ^va. Pe^A^ (PcA/a-Aa k ^ vL'pl.y- t' 2‘ < L^''clXcXa — X ,\. v

^ <2A!Xv~y2 ~iP\jUT _ Xt Lx/ y i AM-P-oX-by "JPXX't ~~/XCi~y C<*A 8-^A-£y liX Tcc/'^

1-

/^-v^ , ' s

XsO

I^X-AaXa X C^-^XA. /- 6 c i^Xxyx

y /? . . / / . • a.

iiX- jxsvX-j^ Pa ^ ^U- X fcu. %u 7

1

1 1
4 fi

(L^y/ Xtxncz

J-iy^u'U,

( 5 — iyv, f ^X^/vAA, ^~ly\/AyLX^A^\/ 4 ^Vv <^C^v/V^w 4 _>J

^ (JijUXA^r-^ ! H^vaA /ixx4y owUa^ j 1 Ia^As^_^ . pZ7~~

^ lA^yCZyi^ ^ 2 CaT tx; i^rtrt^C ^y tXi^eLs^

iaXC tx (y^jyvXX cAaasAXX &1 Pxp 'X^(ccv - vAXXZ /-6AXX), ^X^AabU. Chxxx^_y>ccvy
JL^/^n >MAVvvxy J 1 hx-i^JL fid. Xcc. I^L A^VwV dX^Ao>n

A?

I tip hu,

J ' (r-^yCuLAr^K,

Jc^i.. il. ’-til If fH-*AA%Z ts7 lAsu ^y o^n.tk . . /V 7 '

XX tv^rx7 y f vj v7\^ { a* r-~ .t

A

-<.y\^—^, (sy ft ''Vl . ^ //,. , ,

'{yv\/ K ~^~^^~~-S . y^V'-'v-- — -f>C. .

a*jL£y^-^-i <

J— *> — dl. Lv

c-'J 4 - . j >1 i j j

X-^rx ,X

/

^ 0 ~v~>J\j^ Vl 0v t'-V/'* y & j (.J -rv . -- .fi ,

/ 7 /

/W

iJuX . &~-o -vi (L-irL ci. . I t v-v to. c/,(r'!yC - — i-^-c t^K.. cA’S l

/"TC-ccXSiaC ■'"'-V CQ-

. i Lo l/~v~i. *-<. lAs-vyy — J"~" *-^- — J

Jyu.^ / 2. C y^ Jr^Ajypl , )^ ^ i' t~. \w^jiA-A yt^ ^ P , ) J’ rx ^~ I ■

A ? S

Jl4 &*.-/(? (fr* c*n^<r <^s> a^' s ~j • j' >

/

Hjy^ ^5 (f jyx i- cTAci. , Xj2-<-0 S^J&l tX-^/ve^ . 5-^-cJ f-fizX^-A, c yy?/£z^

n , if y 0 i

f)y6p-t.

vtr^7 f

J

/ 9 <rc

l°foG

A,v

•jf-\.cA- 'Jul^a^' y\*jL a] ofs-^^

a

~ixz

f^A X si

V-^,^ G\

jyKya^t-^. m . C.. v i^h^ vV S Aj ' — '

l^v

g^fo

ff cV / t' c < i ,4

l L~x^ (rA^ — ^ 5^3 ^A - — ^

(AsA^r^ £^_ t - ' v 1 tA,

Qyjl/lru*^} f^'crO—Q <x-/~ n^T JX., 3 ° » . S9-*y (~u<^Pf ,

^\ yy* — Ct^oj-z s^, _ ^

^7

r

rcu|

<?^<-^ sL^f^ff cy€yX-^L iKt- f - «- v ”/ <ri^'

' _ vX. Ct^4^- «^*--— ~j 1 ^

etfjifj^ . t X 4 /

i~7kSTyQ CatCa^ 1 ^

Cvr-c^) /L_<2,-J ^ C<^-^

^ a ^X- _ (/ M ^ XQ eft

/^9

Copied from Jo urn a.

1

yfiry: 6~ x&xz/flx/ V x/^/Zzz- . cZxZZxx c2y

/7 <y^CO rfrsp/Z&c/^ x/ZCz /fXZXZ&'ZteS /PX/%>2'^ /^Z^Z^xzZx^'

'ZZAZZ^ /Z/ZZZAA, X^tZS^cJ? XAXZ 4 ' XZX-- <Z&

' /6_ ^ ^*C / ~ZZAAX<f /AC ^ZzC j7 2%cc> 'ZAcXAZ?di

^ *2 */ ^**4 AZA/AAi ttfezs /OZACtpzf

c/X „X%^/

C^/AZCC^ xt^cCCX^ , <&c*4' AAZ'AX Y /%&**,

~^px€/xZZZ /?<&££ /£xz>az£x? x /xcoz /i/&2/AZ^>z& /^/

. sZ&y y%£z: jZxaA'

■ *•!;. a o S C.J \ '. i a u t> t? Z yS,

1891.

X%zZ/^<?/ZeU ^ *Zfezcc£ S£ /Ac/-

Cl/XC-^Z^^ ~Z>AO XtXcZx'ZX'CC ^ACC/tf ,'/'/' Xl' f' ,

£/&/Z / 4' /fojrZfi/Cj J* 42//// CC?

. , _„ ^ / sXS ■ ' ^ . . ^- X

(/-*c J/Z/ o/^ cZZ/£xa X/ZXXXZX^X’ /ZzX XZ/XA/j/S*/ sAXA/-/

/Z^CXyiX XXaZ/Zc /?/ZZc*ac> , fX/&CCC' //XZ/X^^^/ : /AZ'A~t2 //Z'XA f •?&/*&&<£''
pZ /-/// y/ZtZ///Zz ^/^j2//AA/ /& /zz&ZZf/^yZ'

Jx/ ///z/ . ^ZZ-s/Z/xx/s cXZ (Js t X -ASAt''

Z/ZZZ-ZZ&Z/' ^/Z/Zx/Z/f -X//2/' ////y/Z^A/zX/Z^ ^//AX S%ZXA£.

// r /C^/-C/CC/xZ^^ZxA-C- XX/2 O/Z/X' xa/ /C/z/j/^Z
^PCC/t/ ^fctZ&ZST&i . Z^c/ *7 X^ZZa /ZxzaZZ/X/Xxa^A/Z

C2^//AC-a^/ xZxix/Z c-^T/XX/Z//, XzZA*^' z£ XAC/^Zx // -J/XCcx/fZZ/Z

yfe^Ts/^ v r

Jfc/C

tite/. «?/ 9 <^ZZ/£' ^XSXyT/^A^/X^/XX .

Spizella monticola .

C ambr i dge , Mass.

1893.

They were more Tree Sparrows In a field near Gray's Pond

Jan . 29 .

feeding on the seeds of some weeds that projected above the

snow. Something startled them and they flew off into an ap-
ple tree. When they returned to the weeds, one after another,

I counted thirteen birds.

Liar. 14.

(Drive around Mount Auburn). Among some evergreens a

flock of 8 or 10 Tree Sparrows were flitting about, one bird

singing brief snatches of its wild melody every now and then.

E. Wat or town, Mass .

1893.

About a dozen Tree Sparrows were running about on the ice

Mar .20.

i

among the button bushes on the little pond behind Mt . Auburn.

Occasionally one sang a few snatches in low but, thrilling

tones.

i

'i-,...- A- Uj^ucJLa

ll{*-C$-<3 S£ UjL fy(*v%. f e2^(. **-< <- f

ti.ikt^> ^ rC.6.- T^iry^Sc^ aJT <y*»

159. Spizella monticola. Shot in August, 1883.

1 ». M WfcMt,

Ank, I, July, 1884. p. Z?6' <X.

M.

r

Some Winter Birds of Nova Scotia. By OS H. icorrell.

24. Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow. — Two seen at Parrsboro
in company of three Slate-colored Juncos, on January 26.

Auk, XVI, July, 1899, p. *S\5\

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

70. Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow. - Rather uncommon, but
widely distributed. I observed a good many at Port Manvers.

Auk ’ XIX, Jan., 1902, p.30.

I i/J / f^y -'"L, ct i-c.

Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow- This is our only winter sparrow
that does not congregate in flocks while with us thev heino-
m companies of more than two or three. They are' not ^ ^ ^

winter and are only found at that season along river valle/i3r t h ™f
fringed with coniferous bushes. Auk, XIX, April., 1902 , Pp f«/-|o^.

(S PfxTUrvvZ itj C&slaCL g{o~j
1 *< c fio<y^cA ,

- 11 . Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow. — Winter resident some-
times abundant, October 10 to April 17 ; the majority leave in November
and do not return till April.

Birds of Dead Paver Region, Me. F. H. 0.
51. Spizella montana, (Tree Sparrow). Seen
only in winter, and then in very limited numbers.

The latitude being too far north for that season of
the year in our vigorous climate.

O.&O. XI. Oct. 1889. p. 146 -/V^

Fall Birds of Northern Maine.
F.H.Carpenter.

Tree Sparrow ( Spizella menticola). A few
individuals met with at the clearings.

O.&O. XII. Nov. 1887 p. 188

1C?

Winter Birds of Webster N. H. by Falco.

Tree Sparrow, (Spizella montana).

0.& O. X. Jan. 1885 . p ./*/■

Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter ’01-92
J. H. Johnson

Tree Sparrows, common.

O.& O.Vol. 17,May 1892 p. 72

m

'^ / uOA' t Vu^fcl/UiXCe/, ty/6

T

Sparrows, ( Spizel la mantana .') were
throughout Oct.

Q.&O. X. Jan. 1885. p./tf .

Tree li
common [

% *

C.

, , /f\ 9)cc^3/ 2. Mass. 1884.

y.

"fyJJL #* ** 6 H***7‘

<yrA.6~, W~- 3 °~

/ \l yvur^ZuU . JVrv. *KlO± E - Mass - 1886 -

jlov. _ X.f~ HZ. ^ Great Id. Mass. Bnb». 1886

Hsreat id: MassrDec, 1888. , <

tiyiChvCtu tthtvJd ^ -

mArvJZoiU- Mass.- near Cambridge.

/k'V(e Jo*J-y

Zf^

" /£/.

/ — - /^ -

7n±L

If!*

f*_ /z*

Mass. ( near Concord ). 1887

tny

Mass, {near Cambridge).

1887 -/W
1887

Ik If ~J

zoZ~xx\ *?£. io L - afisJj,
dUr.Zc-

f jsca 'UjLL*. Vac ^!>o C ix_

Mass. ( near Concord ).

1 888 '* :

/a ? <\ U J

APR SiT-f*-'*

Pali Migration, Bristol County, Mass*
1885. Charles H. Andros.

y^jnr. Tree Sparrows, rT^trtZoO.

O.&O. XI. Jan. 1888. p.-t^

Pali Migration, Bristol County, Mass.
1885. Charles H. Andros.

Nov. 15 ; Tree Sparrows first noted as common.

O.&O. XI. Jan. 1886. p. A

'' v 'Cl-c t r c /^y-r ,

Tree Sparrows are not as numerous as usual.

O.&'O. XI. May. 1886. p. 77

Birds ,

County, Mass.

1CW. Andros.

Spizella monticola (Gmel.), Tree Sparrow.
Winter visitant, common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.i40

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C.H.Merriaua.

67. Spizella montana ( Forster ) Ridgway. Tree Sparrow. — Occurs
plentifully in fall and spring on the passage south and back, from its
northern breeding ground. Have seen it from October 10 till Novem-
ber 10, and from the middle of February till the last of April.

Butt N. O.O, 6, Oct, 1881, P.230

“Wood Sparrow.’’ — In your April num-
ber a correspondent asks for information
concerning a little bird he has termed the
“Wood Sparrow.” I would suggest, from
the color of the under mandibles, that it is,
doubtless, the “Tree Sparrow,” ( Spizella
montana.) This species is quite abundant
in the Spring and Fall, and a few individ-
uals may possibly breed in the Adiron-
dacks of New York, or the mountainous
parts of the New England States. The
male has a pretty little song, in which it
indulges quite freely during its Spring so-
journ with us. If well cared for they
thrive in confinement, and the writer has
known them to become quite tame and
familiar. — 8. I. Willard , Chicago , III.

i

1

C

2

d

Winter Notes f rom Stephentown, N, Y.
Ben j amin Hoag,

Tree Sparrows have been here in abund-
ance since their arrival from the North
last fall. Every morning I am greeted
with a medley of their low, sweet notes,
wafted across the creek from a tangle of
alders, rank weeds and vines on the op-
posite bank from the store.

\

O. &O.Vol. 19, Jan. 1893 p

Gold. Weather Notes. Stephentown.N. Y.
Benjamin Hoag

.Tree Sparrows came on November 2 , and
abundant from date of arrival.

O.&O.V 0 I.I 8 , April, 1893 p .67
Gold Weather Notes. Stephentown, N. Y.

Benj Pirnirt TTpo rr

I have looked in vain among^he flocks of

dree Sparrows for Junco hyemalis since!
November 12 .

0 .& O.Vol. 18 , April, 1898 p.57-58

Notes from Centre Lisle, N. Y.

I presume you remember my inquiry last
Winter about the W ood Sparrow and your
reply. I don’t know its scientific name and
the only mention of this bird in print that
I have seen is in Studer’s Birds of N.
A., page 84. I have found but one man, a
taxidermist, who pretended to know this
sparrow. He showed me a stuffed speci-
men but did not know its scientific name.
I have seen the one he pointed out for two
or three weeks in Spring time for several
years. Its song is certainly very sweet.
The 15th of last April I shot a singer of
this Wood Sparrow, and took down the
following description : Length 5^ inches,
extent of wings 9 inches. Color, top of head
and upper breast, chestnut, back and wings
brown, two white bands across latter un-
der parts, light neck, throat, and over eyes
ashy blue, upper beak black, under beak
yellow. Will any of this help you to rec-
ognize 1882.P.

11

/73

A perfectly albino T ree Sparrow was shot on
Cape Cod and brought to Mr. F. B. Webster,

Nov. 18, 1887.

O.&O. XIII. Jan. 1S38 P-)3-

Albinism &n«l Melanism in North
American Birds. Ruthven Deane,

^ S. monticola j '^ L

BuULN.O.O, 1, April, 1876, p. 21

m

c. CZ — ^ f^tsi Ja ^ cfcA.

CJjvxJi li - 2.0- /fof.

Tree Sparrow. Nesting in small numbers.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902 , p.298.

Mb

J Jh iXX* ^ *■ ^^xCxZx^-XSx^"

'Un^z^ ca— ^laXX /o^y' *-+* ^

4^*-m^c. ~7ZZ- &C<X^ ■—, ^cx fiv-*y 4^j 0_^OA_^£

<h<j*-e^X~ u-nA^<~ <2- jfc L««_-/~ XO/

^o~yj j-e*~**^ *-y^*-6^y &cYP7^a^Y<Mi

X<-*CaY-

fVbzA^, J

im

.APR 5 1838
APR 9 1888

’ rr ’ 12 1888

/,

■^A/-uA_<2c^ ^

^'txWxt,

gss-^.-y\ju*-A^t Ljo-XXZa. ^O-y ^ o-^aa, hyy~y o-^a. YcY.

^ ^ Yxa -Xx^Xk— i_, ^W?^. § — < — Ax o — ifr —

<^L'

J 14 &~ \

oLuft

X/

/yfr* ^ ^ &Ci^0<-A.

* fr—y' Oj i<y^

zSaaa^Y LoO-Zaaaa^Yai tXT fiy^-AU^A^Y^yZr v-~-x ^trZ^

^ ^wt. Myyc-A^ Yh — x_ tv-^X <’£^aa>. - 4-7 o-aa^X_

^viAx-^y ^ (*y ^ i/\~aa?6--^+~-~. .

X*rt u>-XY ^Xx — - x>c7 *'»■- &k*aa*-Y oU+-y Xtzr-x-xA tsv~*s6Ls

£4sCAMa> ' ^ *wt-w ^<» yv-x. '/d^aaa^

^IXM- <H-^ -^VX. IA^LaaA-J ^ Zt^uXCoYt **W-xV_

L ^ ^XX- ^AAfX~

Y_yyt $"o *xx ^ ^lxa-^a. y? & jY^o

YYaXX-Xa. Y^aaX^AaA O-kS^s t IATxaSCzA- . XYly

cjCuoCiT-U ^AAA^ALAtAf^AA^Cy, Y<Aa

%tX<Y , ^XaataaaXaM- f / h^->-e^C , A4xv 0*^^<xC^C<A-f

X ty^u-X °y(/Xj ~ZT ^ Xyy^Xr YcY

|U^ <C*r J ^ ^ ^ ^

Y-ryr il] £<ao* U^aY-A axx_^

AH

OjuUii czr £~

Uj^\*- 1^~ yZAZ /o^y' <-^ yC

d^t^-^- ZZCC- t *zj

zL

hit-eZCZ U^iAZ <3_- y^c^tZZ^- /ZZZ y? &C

$T~ M^t^ZCy ZZZ ~/^c/y J^ay*y-*>-^'-

i^iriyj Zt*~*y fy-tuMjt-A-yf c^-^-Z- 4-C4-ZaZ~-c rf-*-'

4 ft

^ Z<tA^

Mr

APR tt 1818

} M<M Miy n ^yC. J £&{A ,

HU u.

CZ^j. Z/ AuCZZZ' a Z*- y4^

^t>M- ZZ u^Za^-A jf>M-As ^ fasiZZCtZZ ^Z-y

siZ^^A^ A ~c -Zu-y - ^ ~~&z fC*Z /Ly^-A- A*a * —

J ZZ^-A A7~ It-uZA Mo ^ Y °

tP-OVH. <XT atX^t- . /CCy A*-<^y

ejCutZtr-U *yf~°MZZ£y ZZCCCZCC-y^ /A- —

%tAZ /Zu t ^4ik / Zj~eZ / <*~*£^eZs^

ZZ Ztyyt^tMr ZZ Z r 6-f

^AA.

y 0Zstr**y~-Z °^/Zy Co ZCZ Ze^y .

Zm *-/ r yyZ

<ZmT C, o^o^A.

A Ut THE singing of our birds.

BY EUGENE P. BICKNELE.

. ( Continued from Vol. I, p. jj2.)

Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow.

This hardy Sparrow, though provided through our winters
with an unfailing supply of seeds from the catkins of swamp alders
and the dried flower-clusters of golden-rods and other withered
weeds which reach above the snow,* seems nevertheless
cany t o become impatient for spring. It is always ready
with song for the first mild, sunshiny days after the middle of
ebruary, and I have often heard its initial notes on or about the
22d of the month. Sometimes, however, it does not begin to
Sln f untl1 March , and in 1877, when this month was decidedly
inclement, the first day of song was March 21. My latest record
lor song is April 13, but in some seasons it is not heard later
than the end of March.

In the fall, singing is unusual, but I have several times heard
songs in November, once so late as the 17th.

Isolated dates for singing are January ri, and December 12,
1880; on the latter occasion the song was feeble and imperfect,
but on the former it was complete, and several times repeated.

Besides its customary chip , the Tree Sparrow has a low
double note, which is uttered mainly while the birds are feeding.

his simple and slightly musical sound from many birds busily
feeding together produces a low conversational' chirping, so
pleasantly modulated as to seem like an unconscious expression
of contented companionship.

Auk, 2, April, 1885. p. /yy

* The number of wild plants and trees that keep their seed through the winter is
greater than the casual observer would be likely to believe. During a recent winter
I gave some attention to this subject, noting down all the trees and plants found with
seed. No systematic or extended search was made, yet a few midwinter walks gave
me a list of about one hundred and fifty names. Some of these were of scarce plants ,
or those the fruit of which was hardly adapted for a bird’s food, but many were of
common and widely-spread species, which were well suited to form winter staples for
our granivorous birds.

Nesting of the Tree Sparrow.

1 /

Notes from Dartmouth, N.S.

On May 23, 1889, it was my good fortune
while collecting on the Beaver meadow to
discover a pair of Tree Sparrows ( Spizella
monticola) in a small clump of bushes, one of
which I thought by the actions of the bird
was at the time setting somewhere on
the meadow, so I prepared to await and see
her go back on the nest. I had not long to
wait, for in about ten minutes she flew to
another clump of bushes and disappeared in
them. I waited a short time, and as she
did not come out again I went forward, and
upon shaking the bush where I last saw her,
she flew out in a hurry so badly hurt that she
fell in the grass when about twelve feet from
the bush. I knew, however, I had found her
nest, so I parted the bushes and there about
a foot below the top of them and two feet
from the water which covers most of the
meadow, saddled in a crotch, and partly con-
cealed by the over-hanging swale grass which
grows up through and breaks down on to the
bushes every year, was the nest with five
eggs in it. Turning around I shot the fe-
male bird from a bush where she had taken
her stand, and was then making her demon-
strations. Therefore the indentification is
positive.

The nest, which is before me, is made en-
tirely of dry grass, the outside of which I
should think was made of timothy and the
lining or inside made of June grass. All of
the nest is made of the round stems of the
grass and there are but two flat blades in
the nest.

The eggs, five in number, are of a light
green color, and are flecked and blotched with
reddish-brown, varying in size from dots to one
blotch of .15 x .25 of an inch, also several short
scratches of seal brown similar to the scratchy
lines on a Baltimore Oriole’s egg appear on
each egg. The set measures as follows: .75 x
.60, .72x.58, .73 x .57, .73x.56, .74x.54.

The above set I believe to be the only one
ever found in this part of the state.

E. G. Tabor.

Meridian, N. Y.

Yesterday I found nest and eggs of Chipping
Sparrow built on spruce tree, about four feet
from ground.

Nest of Trg e Snai;r .ow with two eggs, built
on low spruce tree, about two feet from
ground.

Nest of Black- throated Green Warbler; three
eggs, on little spruce tree, about four feet
from ground.

Nest of Juuco, with four eggs, on the ground
underneath bank.

On June 16tli, I was out this afternoon
with friend Eagan and took the following
nests: Tree Sparrow, three eggs, built on low
spruce tree, $ secured; Purple Linnet, throe
eggs, built on little spruce tree, near the top,
about ten feet from ground, 9 secured ; Black-
tliroated Green Warbler, three eggs, built on
low spruce trees about three feet from ground,
9 secured; Redstart, four eggs, nest in fork
of beech tree, about ten feet from the ground,
9 on nest and secured; Sandpiper, took nest
of four young ones.

All the above with other nests mentioned in
my last were taken within a quarter of a mile
of my house. H. Austen.

OiStO, 15. July,l890, p, 3 .

o &0. XIV. Aug. 1889 P- 121

1 1 %

y APR 24 1 880

c&JuZjL y__ y y

/m ' „

C f/vfrtzCJc*.

/Zyjur

b/ ifJd jy

6 o ~ &~uz-Ci paytA. ^ *\ o^-t>^st <^a

^ tc^ /H^ . X4^u^ wy ^ A^y Z,~cUy y ucLu ^c^<.
C ^JM - c £^m ~ um: ^ // £\ &~-u^

fc 64^ . ^Ur 7 y ^uU. 4 f~+~ . 4^^

l^^C^-CoUU^- y ia44 *-4 a4ZJc ^

^AjJC / £j_A^ry r ^Z4 »^j-^ ^^U^UeUd^y ^yJ7~ ^

&Z^ZcJ- ^r^Ut ^AAA-o-^^r fe*~0 C* t>^C£C^

7 w » 7 a ^ jUCC *^> — Cf-U C-L-&C*- Ui^U U%-C dC(-K- UC(~ *-/

/H ^ c^jCrdU- > *usu-U <^S4^o< /xAstscJuCy

^ lUsU ^■*-*-#■4'-/ r ftCv ud Jtu-a^U<~ ^ .

JIm h. -UiAflo tTHs C/klc 'fyv ec/ztatM/ /zzc J-cyU-tZu.eC
'J<n-t<uyu-ub <--^Uxa. ferfreU fyltvf " Uy fiyi/,

iL )i-u*u4st*\4, .

CPa(P. VIII ■ yUczy. twiyi -3V-

%rt ™CC ITU. Uvl 3W %fax>**uzA.

Jlr~(nAi Clv-eO., -u^eCu- ClJh.eU> -V Ttuo fteuzJzuufy-
<h. **." ' 7

- < H / . /V -UC ■ ficuAAHZur' % . Vtc •

&tte. JX.MztotA. ItfsH. y..3i~

1 1 ?