^ h. i^riT n9Z ; 0. ~ ^'^•*'''^ A l»-«^fc ^uZ[ ^ *>■ •» "■ -n- .rr Ml ‘f rr ^ 4- ❖ yv /s /7 ^ 2X X, ^7 ' , Av4ci;c *■ &t.m.tjlf_ HrJi^ ^4 mJL ^^SIv •r %tA . fHA. /^0>um»^Jt /Jr^X /J^Xc ^ T^^OlP^ ^*>.27 %^~^^klUtXm iiltr-ty «% iJA>st%i/k^x^ (^M%f»Mj 77%jt^^SiXL. TS^j^ir .^ie-ouv.^ C-'tXJL»~J*Jlj^A-^-^ C*M ^\.Mr-‘-’~^ 9t^. }l.Ai\ts3 ^ JamJOP^ i4 Tta^A lrt%A7M^j^,AiXj>^X^ ^yWj»-»-«,«>^ Q^-tm\_ ^ ALAtfn-%XL^ <»»-«>>€, ^7a,AlX(^ ^ 4Ly ^ 4>«y«y#'AL^ iC]^ui3C ^ £^%t\, ^ 7i^k/%^ ^ A£\jy_, ^ ^Ca^,~ 1}4-j%ji^M^mUtJL~,^^ a^t/v S~\JUm^X £f t^ m. IjC. £a^jk-X- 4^^ S^MAjtJjU^XL. T'aauajlS ^ ^®Cr -wiL. AmkM^ <^«i ^mAfXUf 0~\. 4f~t-tkJL^ «>»^»<<*-?Mh-ji^ ^ *^0>tMhMJL^ rfvo-«'»r'^ , /3^yXCC ♦Vv4*v4U^C4u^rk-^^ 4Wtyu r^A-XJbi^ 4p6^»/1/>.\«4- *> " «<»■ U%\, tAA^MK^fyA^ * #^>y ^ ®'^w>-4f_ ''»t%^"Lrs^ * «W -- , -,j y y^-«y«y*yv. Bonasa u. tOfC C^A*-^ ONxAx^ 'A/^Ax'^X^-■^^ • Bonasa umbellus to^qata . Two males; near Quebec, Canada; fall of 1900 or 1901; aought In the market in Quebec; skinned by M.A.Prazar in Peb . , 1902. These oirds were shot near Quebec, Canada. They were bought in the market at Quebec, in the fall of 1900 or 1901, by Mr . J.H.Conant , brother-in-law of Mr. James C. Melvin, who put them into cold storage in Boston. Mr. Melvin took them out of cold storage in January, 1902 and presented them to Mr. Vto. Brewster. Hr .M.A.Prazar made them into skins. Mr.Conant purchased G^use in vQuebec in the fall of 1900 and 1901 and sent them to Mr. Melvin who put them into cold storage. These birds belong to one of these sets. Summer Birds of Bras D’ Or Region Gape Breton Id,, N.S. J. Dwiglil, Jr, 12 . Bonasa nnihclUis togata. Ankt 4, Jan., 1887, p.l0 Summer Bde. Bestigouche Valley, N. B. July, *88. J. Brittain and P. Cox, Jr. Bonasa umbellus togata. Canadian Ruffed Grouse— Common. Many large broods of young about half-grown were seen. Aok, VI. April, 188©, P,117 D’.virlT , '' ummer BlrUs of Pi'inoe nidvrard Island, Bonasa umbellus togata. Canadian Ruffed Grouse. — A few only were met with, although said to be abundant. A novel method of hunting them reached my ears. They come out upon the railroad in a certain section to sun themselves, and it is said the sportsman riding to and fro on a track-velocipede shoots them so that sometimes he can pick them up without stopping. I was informed by gunners that Dendragapus cana- densis does not inhabit the island. Auk S, Jau, 1893, y, V" Som© V/intGT Birds of uiova ' ooijisj. By G, S, M^orroH, 7. Bonasa umbellus togata. — Canadian Ruffed Grouse. An abundant resident. Auk, XVI, July, 1899, p. ^^7. Birds of Toronto, Ccinada, by Jarne-s K.^leuinn. Part II, Land Birds, Auk, XXIV, Jan., 1907, p.7I. 115. Bonasa umbellus togata. Canadian Ruffed Grouse. — Resi- j dent; formerly abundant, now not common; nest May 23, 1893. I have : put our bird under this somewhat unsatisfactory form; the bird occurring i north at least to Lake Nipissing is the same. i Breezy Point, Warren, N.H. 1894, vT q-y^.<^4~~-^ ^^i^* m -«. /■ri Jit ^ < 7 / Jlir>d . Z/ , / J ^ Jw . / 7 , (fyf The Number of Rectrices in Grouse. — In my recent paper on the Feather- tracts of North American Grouse and Qiiail (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, pp. 641-653), under the genus Lagofus, I made the statement tliat the rectrices are always 18. Mr. Manly Hardy of Brewer, Maine, has very kindly written me that his experience proves the statement to be an error. He says that in the last 20 years he has shot 15 or 20 Ruffed Grouse having 20 rectrices, and, he adds, “I have in every case found those hav- ing 20 rectrices to be exceptionally large males. While I cannot prove it, still it is ray belief that none have this added pair until the^' are several years old. I well remember shooting three old ‘ drummers’ in one after- noon in November, tw'O of which had 20 tail-feathers One weighed 31 and the other 32 ounces Old cocks usually weigh from 24 to 26 ounces.” It seems to me that these facts are of great importance in help- ing us to decide whether the Galling with 12 rectrices are in that respect nearer the ancestral form than those with a larger number. At least they indicate that the number of rectrices may be increased, as well as de- creased, and admit the possibility that increase in number of rectrices may be a form of specialization. — Hubert Lymax Clark, Amherst, Mass. Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p. / ^A T inclose a scalp of a Partridge to slio'.v you a crett, the central feathers of v/liich measured carefully ’.'/ith dividers were 2 ^ inches lonp, nearly tv/ice as long as I ever sav/ in killing some SOOO. ’'There is no nev/ thing under the sun, " says Solomon; but If he still hunted Partridges he v/ould take that back. u’p to three v/eeks ago the birds acted about as usual; but nov/ they have changed tbeir tactics entirely. One may creep through their old Flaunts or walk the v/oods at random, yet he v/ill seldom hear the '7hirr of the Partridge's v/ings, much less see one. 1 have not seen one on the ground for weeks. Of the last ten 1 shot, not one but v;as in the tops of trees or on the v/ing. Nov;, except at night they stay in choppings (?) tv/o or three years old or in stumpy and bushy sheep pastures, sitting a gun-shot or more from the '"oodt; They often fly v/hen one lias come softly out of the woods though tv/enty rods off and go sailing off to foi'ty or: fifty rods to usu- ally alight in trees. One stands tv;ice the chance to get near them by walking carelessly as by creeping. They care nothing for the sound of a gun; in fact they stay longer for it. It takes all the fun out of the shooting for mo, as 1 would noi, give a cent, to ' i'J';^"'«.'vi;,: — '- ;-!iy; ■v.w^ -y^-:-^-".--’-'^ ( 2 ) walk carelessly up to a bird and shoot flying, as there is no skill except in shooting, and, v/ithout a dog, I find I loose nearly half T actually kill. I have found several by accident and a place "hiere a fox got one I knov/ I killed. I have v/ritten all this ,iust to s?iiow shov/ hov/ they have changed. Hut the ciuestion is vrhj they all change their habffits at the san'ie time? This week I started ten in a place I have not gunned before this year, but they v/ere all out of the woods; while a three miles' walk in the best of places both for shelter and food revealed no tenants. Those 1 started v/ere feeding entirely on tame sorrel which springs up where sheep go. We all knov; that birds of a kind come c.own from the north by common instinct as they say, but hov; do birds go (?) miles in a few days and change their habits? 1 1. is not for any nev; food or from lack of' such as they have been eat, ing all this fall. It is really provoking after one has studied a bird a life time to find out that there are lots of things about them which he cannot even make a decent guess at. Iietter of Manly ifardy, Nov. 20, 1889. }n ^.A./wJLj> /^IcA , ?u. a 7 Gt^. ' A„ Z*Ww /K-tAA-lA. ^ ^ Y ^ A«-Vv^ M^rly , ^'?90^ ^ ^ ^ Sf j /, ^ o ^vvXitc<^v*^, ^ /^ cA^ cA.***^ j , ^y^' ^\-AA, A-*<_ . , ^jA i>i~ I f ■< kk*a>CU. tL^ ^ ^-t-t.-{J~vO ^A^tju. *»v 'TZZ^ j ^ ■ iC<*— V-v . i s~ 1^ 9>^ t'l'K^uAy ’^•tA^Jrz~ 3 ^ 3~^ ra^ T\ 1 k c*'-^-'^-^ AjS^XZI Osr*-^V •r-^ tj*>.'~'~-- ^ ^ ^ ^ (^PCUT ‘"■^>6-0 “t-X^A. ^-'-f''''^r\,^^ vvrAjk-X^” A-»^^ •CuZ. ^ ~Vh 3 - Ufv'^ C^’x/tA^C^ o~A 'V.-.J.^* >--^_-L 6 — (X_ ~~P^Z, 0~-Xjj^ <*A^ '^-^A~,f,^yC^‘ rxA. Y *oZ cAy^ C L Y ^ /Xw /^-'f>~LcLJ^cLKA^ "^iJUJi^ . TiS: ~izUj L: ^ 3 ^ ^t^ >»»v O-'i^ / ^oCZ" ^_ ^ -^lAjAAt ;^i/u (x-^AAt ^ 6 <(aaI^ •^£»aa-^ t- *VA. < 2 aa^ ^ -/ 4 ^ iX ^etM*Ay ^^•A«AVvvaa.a^ ottt.^lU^ ^^cjiJIXaZa^ 4 aAaw. 'nzzz ^S"'»-*-\aaa,^av^ L a £p: I'ius 1 aKvOTiUs . Itorgarite Kiver, branch of the Saguenay, Canada. 1895. " I was glad to find my Sid firiend V/alter BracXett just Aug. bach from his salmon fishing on the llargarite River. He tell me that Willow Ptarmigan occur there irregularly in winter often in very large numbers. Kis guides save the wings of some of those that they hill and use them for brushes, etc. at his camp." Extract from Journal, Aug. 28, 1095. Bethel, Maine. Birds within Ten Miles of Point do Monts, Can, Coxaeau & Merriam 79- Lagopus albus. Willow Ptarmigan. — Verj abundant during the 0 arly part of some winters, but during other years it does not occur at all. They generally arrive about the first of December, and a few remain till the first of May. They are always most abundant in December, and Mr. Comeau once killed six hundred before Christmas ! He has shot as many as eighty-two in a single morning. Bnli.N.O.O, 7,Oot. 1882.p,238 ^ The Ptabmigan Winter.— Last autumn we had published in the Quebec Chronicle a letter relative to the probable recurrence of the willow grouse or ptarmigan (L. albus Aud.) this winter. The prediction or surmise has proved correct as the following clipping from the Ottawa Citizen of March 3 will show : “It was repoited to-day by a farmer from the neighborhood of Pembroke that ptarmigan had been seen in the vicinity of the town. It is curious that if such be the case, none have been observed in other locali- ties generally visited by this polar bird during the severe winter south of the Arctic latitudes.” Some weeks ago another notice of the recurrence of the ptarmigan appeared in one of the Manitoba papers and was copied in the Mon- treal Witness. Of late years this bird has been very scarce and reports have been received at some of the Hudson Bay outposts, stating that Indian families, whose sustenance de- pended almost entirely on those birds, were in a starving condition. When the snowfall is very heavy in the north the birds appear to perish in large numbers— not from cold, but owing to the willow brush being covered up. During such winters there is a large migration southward of the ptarmigans, and numbers are killed by hunters and lumber- men to the northward of the 8t. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. Some twenty years ago we have seen the birds brought into our markets at Montreal and Quebec in large numbers, but since then they have almost completely disap- peared. This, then, has been a “ptarmigan winter,” and a cold and severe one too it has been. — H. G. V. (MontreaL.-- March 3). k Labrador, arrived within the last week, and were offered at the .stalls at $l..iO to $3.00 per pair. Prom the way several prominent taxidermists are prospecting in the vicinity, we are led to be- lieve that more than one eye is on a future coi-iu in the market. — F. B. W., Boston. O.&O. 3?:.F«b.l8S.5. p. '32-- The Common or Willow Ptarmigan (Za- gopus albus) is still an abundant resident, even in the vicinity of St. John’s ; and thousands of them are killed annually on the peninsula of Avalon alone. It frequents rocky barrens, feeding upon the seeds and berries of the stunted plants that thrive in these exposed situations. The Rock Ptar- migan (Z. rupestris) is confined to the high mountains of the interior. O.&O. VIll. June.iSSS. p, V3- An Ornithologist’s Summer in Labrador M. Abbott Prazar. Lagopus albus, Willow Ptarmigan. In sum- ‘ mer this bird seems to retreat to the interior to breed, and visits the coast regularly every win- ter. The preceding winter they were unusually ; abundant about Esquimaux Point, far more so ' than usual. People killed them in their yards, ! on their doorsteps and about everywhere. Two ! Indians I saw were said to have killed over eight hundred during the winter. But from , all the evidence I could gather, this unusual flight did not extend much to the eastward of ’ idusquarro ; the natives recognize this as the White Partridge. Another species which is found about Cape Whittle in winter and which they call the Mountain Partridge, is a smaller bird and is said never to get pure white. It is a reeognized species by all the inhabitants about there and is probably Lagopus welchi, as ;| Mr. Jones with whom I lived at Cape Whittle, I and who was a very reliable man, told me that several years before, he was on the shore of the ! straits one day in early winter, and that flock j after flock of these birds were flying in from ! across the water and that they lit upon the first i land they could reach, evidently being greatly 1 fatigued. ^ O.&O. XII.Mar.l887.p. Biriis of N.E. coast of Labrador by Henry B. Bigelow. 54 . Lagopus albus. Willow Ptarmigan. — Rather common north to Nain, beyond which point we did not see it. In some places abundant. Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.29. Birds of Toronto, Canada, by James K. Fleming, Part II, Land Birds. AuL, .XXIV, Jan., 1907, p.7I. 116. Lagopus lagopus. Willow Ptarmigan. — A specimen taken May 15, 1897, about four miles from Whitby (29 miles east of Toronto), is in the collection of Mr. J. H. Ames; ^ there is no question about the locality being authentic. An unusually southern migration of Willow Ptarmigan took place in the winter of 1896-97, and I recorded them as far south as Lake Nipissing." Dr. Wm. Brodie remembers a specimen that was taken many years ago in the township of Whitchurch. Ptarmigan are referred to as frequent migrants into the townships back of Darlington (about 40 miles east of Toronto).'* 3 Auk, XIV, 1897, 411. ^ Auk, XVIII, 1901, 37. 6 Early Settlers of BowmanvlUe, etc. J. T. Coleman, Bowmanville, 1875, 36. /? Brief Notes, A Ptarmigan was shot just north of Bangor, Me., in April. It was sent to Messrs. Holt and Morrill of that city to be mounted. drooby ot that city h. ' id a blaele fuj g~ "in Jan w iU'y . 0.& O.Vol.l7,May 1892 p. 79 General Notes, Lagopus lagopus in Maine.— A male Willow Ptarmigan in full winter plumage was shot at Kcnduskeag, Maine (a village about eight miles from Bangor), on April 23, 1892. It was brought into this city to be mounted. The man who killed it reported that it showed little or no alarm at his approach, and in fact seemed quite as tame as a domestic fowl. This is, I believe, the first instance of this species being taken in Maine, and will therefore probably be of interest.— Harry Merrill, Bcinsror, Maine. ... Ank y .July, 1892. p.SOO. •RirAa of the Adirondack Region. O.H,MerrJaiii. 1,8 Lagopus albus {Gmclin') Audubon. Willow Ptarmigan.- Mr Romeyn B. Hough has a specimen of this species, that was khled in f n of Watson on the eastern border of Lewis County, May , ^M, nlfgh writes me that he has been toid by lumbermen from this Region that ^hey had seen “ White Partridges ” there in winter, and he presumes they were of 1831 , P.233 The Willow Gkodsb ih New York. — Mr. Romeyn B. Hough, Cor- nell University, Ithaca, N. Y., writes ; “ Not finding the Willow Grouse {Lagopus albus) hitherto credited to the State of New York, I take the liberty of informing you that there is one in my collection which was taken in Watson, Lewis County, on May 22, 1876. It was killed by the person who brought it to me, who said that it was the only one he saw, and that it was not very shy. It was a male, changing plumage, — mostly white, but with brown head and neck. This is the first instance that has come to my certain knowledge, though I have heard of some lumbermen catching in winter what they called a ‘ White Partridge,’ and w'hich was probably a Ptarmigan, though possibly an albino Spruce or Ruffed Grouse.” — Elliott Codes, Washington, D. 0. Bull. N. 0.0, 3, Jan, , 1878. p, y/. zl General Notes. High Plumage in the Ptarmigan. — Early in January, I received a box of Grouse in the flesh from Mr. Thomas J. Egan of Halifax, N. S., among wliich were a pair of Ptarmigan (^Lagofus lagofus) from Newfoundland. One of these, a male, had the shafts of the secondaries black and was therefore probably L. iiUeni, but the most striking thing about the plumage was the very evident tinge of rose-color, which was deepest on the rump and on the sides under the wings. The bird was examined in daylight and there was no mistaking its very high coloration. It was equallv clear that the color was not adventitious or due to any external influence. The shading was so delicate that I felt sure it would fade from a skin and so the specimen was not preserved. My attention has again been called to the matter, however, by another male L. lagofus, which I have recently received from Mr. William Clark of Winnipeg, to whom I am indebted for other birds also. This specimen was larger than the first and the rosy tint was more intense being especially clear on the sides, making the bird by far the handsomest one of its species which I have ever seen. Possibly this high plumage may have been recorded by others but it is not mentioned by the authorities to whom I have access. — Hubert Lyman Clark, Pittsburgh, Pa. April. 18^4 P. 177 Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus. This species, referred to as probably common at Point Barrow, does not occur there. Asio accipitrinus. Mr. Nelson says, “ On the Alaskan coast of tflie Arctfp, it is found nearly if not quite to Point Barrow.” It was not found at Poin\ Barrow. .lEgialihg semipalmatus. This species was not seen, altbdugh Mr. Nelson’s rehqarks would lead to the inference that he saw a./pair there in i88i. Ereunetes pusJhus. This bird, which is said to breed at Point Bar- row, only occurs fn the autumn migrations, when large flocks of the young appear amongNhe mudholes atElson Bay, nm'ving southwest along the coast. Nuraenius hudsonicus.\Referred to as occu/i'ing “ north to the vicin- ity of Point Barrow.” We cJM not see it, anu the only species of Curlew observed {N. borealis') was rai'Nand irregular. Dafila acuta. Referred to as nhsting^' in the greatest abundance .... to the farthest northern extreme of^laska in the vicinity of Point Bar- row.” We found the bird compaAnyely I'are and none breed. The natives say they are abundant inldnd on the rivers. Nettion carolinensis. It dp/s not reach^oint Barrow, as Mr. Nelson thought might be the case. Mergus serrator. Referred to as found “ aloJr" the Alaskan coast of the Arctic to Point Bapfow.” We neither saw nor^fotained it. The following spepfes, supposed by Mr. Nelson norjo reach Point Bar- row, were obtained/by our party. Limosa lappmnca novae-zelandiae. A few immature birdVavere obtained in the autumuMnigrations. Grus can^ensis (— fraterciUus Cass.). These birds were seeh and two taken in/june, 1S83. Laufpronetta fischeri. This species occurs sparingly with the other Eid^'s in the great spring flights, and a few remain on land and undoubt- e^y breed, as a female was shot with an egg ready for laying in the,^ oviduct, and half-grown young were taken in August, 1SS3. Washington, D. C. CHANGE OF COLOR IN THE WING-FEATHER.S OF THE WILLOW GROUSE. BY C. HART MERRIAM, M. D. At the last meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union Dr. Leonhard Stejneger exhibited the type specimen of ‘A new subspecies of Willow Grouse from Newfoundland,’ which he named Lagofus alba alleni. Fie characterized it as follows : o a — C I o S ^ SrJ -r f> ^ ^ ,-1 05 H a • *0 0 (u c8 ID CO JX - a® ts- a® 1 “d8 l-l » . ^ C C ^ ci O bO .=0 ,n ifiyiT^X- .^■sr ^ tc^UL^ «'« 3 r j^A^^tLuk^-fcAMy, ^ r'^ y^ /k^c^'f^ y^'t-cy^ ,^y ci: y3't^ yys^^y.<^^:^.c.c^^^ y/^!ytyiy^ /yy y/y^y^ (yy^yy^L^yii^r^ ^ y2yr-<^(K ^ Po^ //. ’fdL/ rMtCx^ <<^lA^,xy IVyJayy-. f9‘>7, 20. Tympanuchus americanus. Prairie Hen.— It is marked as having been taken at Toronto in ‘Hand Book of Toronto,’ 1858, 54, with the remark: “ This is the Heath Hen of our Legislative Act for the preserva- tion of game.” Mcllwraith records the taking of one at Hamilton in May, 1886,’^ but it seems unlikely that this was a native bird as they were probably extinct by that date in Ontario, though imported birds may have been on some game preserve; but there is no probability that the bird ever came as far east as Lake Ontario. ® Birds of Ontario, 1886, 128. Kivhk bLbClklo light Co. 48 BEDFORD ST. pot Prairie Chicken Captured at Bray- ton’s Point. . , Isaac M. Thraslier, the taxidermist, exhibited at the News office this fore- noon a very beautiful prairie chicken ■which was captured at Brayton’s Point by Joseph O’JIeill, son of James O’Neill, who lives at the old Wilbur homestead near the Point. The bird was disabled by the boy’s shot, but it was not killed and gave promise to-day of recovering from the injury. The prairie chicken is a strang- er in these parts and how this one came here is somewhat of a mystery. Some think it is an escaped pet. Before it was shot it was able to fly and run very fast. It has very lustrous plumage and is finely speckled, much after the fashion of a partridge. The ruffles on its neck, which help to guide it in its flight, are well developed and add interest to the appearance of the bird. | — lyLPJ ^^CUJL xV' -^iX^ .^t?L-wC/ (P’ ^y-rx.^.A^ Pc/ ■ CPj ^yy-t-Pi^' ''ilAyiAjC^ ^ /t/jL PclaA^v-O • //jla^ ^^x/" P jzcl^zP' y&P '^t/c dPcL^^O (^/^ yLyS. /s-n-^Ar-yy- -'ClA.yf/ yi^a ''iy^LAl/ \y^-''tX^AyLyyCxt^--T^ /Py-O^ "//l^ ^ ^S--\J aC/q ' ^-CALX^cy^cy,^ /Lyyied from a letter to 'ffin. Brews ter from Manly Hardy, dated, Brewer, Maine, June 30th, 1898. I ^^2^ , yK , . *'' Ca-^-I/Vjv Va/«-^ Ic^-CaT IL^^JT Those days were filled with prepara- tions for work upon the land. Every farmer was busy getting out his seeders, his drags and cultivators ; scouring up his plows, and fanning over his seed-wheat and doing other things necessary for the seeding. The music of the prairie chick- ens has now become a vast symphony impossible to transcribe. Thousands of throats pour forth the ‘ ‘ boom,hoom,boom — cutta,cutta wah w'hoop— boom, boom— wha-oop! ye-ah! ye-ah! whoop.” Reso- nant from every knoll, near and far ; filling the mellow dawn wdth cheer, and ringing the horizon round with sounds: a song that with the glory of the opening day is sublime for its wealth of sugges- tions and its power of prophecy. On such mornings we drive our team afield, the sun just rising, the sky clear, the west wind soft and warm. Albinism an4 Melanism in North American Birds* Euthven Deane, Cm CUpzdo ^ BniLN.O.O. l.ApriJ. 1876. p ,22 33 ^'Cyz^^ A/(o ^^O'T/L-O ^.■'C.-^y^,^^:^,.^^-Z^^,.^:^^ 7l , /'^i^ 'sX.^ /3 'V^ Aty ePL^<.tJ^ 7^6^iiUAt.<^ji^ /^7i/Tt^C/'T<^ ; ZZ<^ ZctiZ Ci-' i,/ J7XV777TT?To, /fek> A GENTLEMAN, wliile gunning in a eleann^ontlie easrem outskirts of our borough, flushed what he supposed was a wounded hawk, and fired and killed it. Finding it was not a hawk, he brought it to Mr. Lucius D. Price, a taxider- mist, who pronounced the bird a male prairie chicken. How such a stranger ever found its way to West Chester, is a mystery. Three or four years ago several pairs were lib- erated in Delaware County, but were never seen or heard of afterward. As Delaware County adjoins our county on the south and east, it is just possible that this bird was the last of those liberated, and had wandered into this section. On examining its body several partially healed wounds were found. Some other sportsman had evidently had a shot at it. Lbnapb. West Chester, Pa. /Ho hx cLo &M, r Loju. AyVU^.A^^ Cv/\/C% 1 ^ ^ g-'V.-VA^ C.^-yC y/y^W 6 Vl^ ilsi^cjx i-^PC 'Vc^^C^^ 'Vwvrx.^ ^ 6 ^ /vi ^'VlAy^C^-^/'A^y^ ~^t.J^^ '/-U^'\A^A~ jj CA>vA^^yji,^ ^/VXXh^ '^Sy-y^ ^^ jC, yy ijNyt-A. £*. 't-A/Voe^..^''--vy ^X^/ .'V/'. ^ (/ o-''^^ . /j^ /Ur^'A/^-^ 'VV'V/^'^V/S^ A^-VA.,--N^ (A- i'lxu^y-.^ AA^'- t-.L-^ 1 \Ai''KA tAT'^ ^y*- j < '^'o<,4 ^/^lA , '^AAAA^, ^t'-A^vajA. y ^y^'/vAV /^y j 4 " 4 y-jVaa-va cAo ^ /va -7 '*aH^-o -^VA '^l.A t^AA To^aa. ^ \^\A^ ^AX-aA ^-CxAiA, V'A. . J tATvA^ CA^y*- ^/v-C-J-A CZ-g-'-''^'^--'''^^ y^lA/V , ^JLA f-^ y 4 ^CAAVAl,AV^ /XiT" {/i^ ^btSfA/ZJv. // ^7 ^ (/ ^ V / / l^^Ar^xyl A-\jii i ^ (k^. C oA— fTAA ^t' OX'iAK/ (SA f/ 7 -i h Clitr^A. itZ^ - 1 , 0-7 ''/ ^Z2>[a tT>~-ylL A’C j ZAzCZ-A /4<^ 14/^^ '5 flfUrClA X-i^''^ V ^ ^'’-oXaaa ^ l>'-*''^-r-'>-A^ J ^«aa> ^Aaa jf'fxAZU^ 'VO’^a ^\^f''^ ^ 5 C\ ^ ~f 4 A "V Q^Xa^ - Aa y i<*>Yn f^ZlrCx 777'^'^ ^ ^X*'>A'/V^ 0 >^AAsN-Aor ^ ^^Vv) ^AA^ ^v> 4.--^ -o»-^ , ^^xA ^yy-A, A^AaA IIaaaia^*^ ^ Om/ 0<^‘ ,fy^ Ax.-A^-a^A.a' a ^ChA\A%.^ L ^^'Jas.Aaa^ £K^»^aL_^ ^AA/yA>k^m A ^>\>v>^^*/*Vji «/ 4/^ /yiA.»^^iAAjA ^un»~*--jUt ^ £AaA. *~w-^^^ ^ **''-'*^^ ^^j'^aajL..aX^ Asy^,..Cy^ /Sl^C ACxa, ^tyitAX^ ^Xa^ cAa^. ^ 3 k.. /XXT ix, XA-^XiA.. AAaAmjl cxZ 4 >»- ^ <-£7 £47V«k^ (>< 1893 Mass Tympanuchus cup Ido Jan. 31 Martha'- s Vineyard .- Mr. Ofettram Bangs has just spent five days on to the Vineyard searching for Heath Hens. The Mass . Game Gommission- Feb .4 ers gave him written permission to trap five pairs for purposes of breeding and restoching suitable tracts of country on the mainland. He tooh with him a skilled trapper but the trip proved a total failure. The birds were so scarce that Mr. Bangs although assisted by a native hunter and his dog could find but two. One of these was seen in the plains brush country. It rose from the road more than two gunshots ahead and flew out of sight. The other was flushed by the dog in old oak woods ( the woods where Faxon and I fo\ind a Crow's nest in May 1891) where the trees are of a large size for this island. It flew out into the open and alighted in the middle of a large field. Y/hen approached a second time it rose very wild and went off towards the plains where the other bird was seen, making a flight of at least a mile and probably more. Mr. Bangs went all over Professor Shaler's 1600 acres without finding any trace of Heath Hens. The head farmer, an intelligent man familiar with tihecibirds, said, however, that there were at least five or six wintering there. Mr. Evans , alocal taxider- mist, who has an order from the Smithsonian Institute for a pair of the birds knew of two on Mr. Shaler's land but had no inten- tion of molesting them. In his(Mr. Evan's) opinion there are very few Heath Hens lefton the Vineyard. They were abundant three years ago but have since ggye^'ely from gunners, both 1893 Mas s . Tympanuchus cupido. Jan. 31 Martha's Vineyard . -local and non-resident. Two menwho a Heath to large tract of land near Mr. Shaler-^s place ostensibly, and in Hen. Feb . 4 fact chiefly, for the Woodcoch and Quail shooting which it fur- (K0.2) nishes hilled and sent to Boston market in the aut'omn of 1889 between 70 and 80 Heath Hens. These birds were attracted by some fields of barley which had been sown and left standing for the benefit of the Quail but which also drew the Heath Hens from every direction. This on the authority of Mr. Evans. Another almost equally sad story was told by a livery stable keeper in Cottage City, who asserts that early last autumn two men from Providence R. I. bringing guns and three setter dogs, hired from him a horse and wagon and spent the day driving aoout the country frequented by the Grouse allowing their dogs to range on every side. They returned that evening with twenty Heath Hens which they took back to Providence. A great many birds have been also killed within the last two years by people living on the island especially by fox and rabbit hunters, as I stated in my Forest and Stream article. The hounds used by these men will follow the trail of a Grouse as readily as that of their legitimate game. This Mr. Bangs actually witnessed for the Heath Hen^ which he saw among the large oaks was"roaded" and flushed by a hound whose owner fired both barrels at the bird quite as a matter of course but fortunately without effect. Mr. Bangs met several other men with guns and hounds evidently look- 1893 Tyrapanuchus cupido. Mass. Martha*- s Vineyard .- ing for Grouse. Mr, Waldon told him that only a few days before his arrival one of the West Tisbury peo- ple showed him a Heath Hen which he had just killed. Besides the two birds which he started and the five or six reported to be living on Professor Shaler's farm Mr. Bangs heard of a flock of seven or eight which had been frequently seen near the German! s (where Faxon and I found several in May 1891) but he searched for them in vain. His experience confirms my impress- ion that most of the Martha's Vineyard people, including even the sportsmen and fox hunters, confound the Heath Hen with the Ruffed Grouse. Indeed he talked with only two persons (Mr. Evans and Professor Shaler's head farmer) who seemed to know them apart. One man took him to a swamp to show him a pair of Heath Hens but when the birds were found and flushed they proved to be Ruffed Grouse althou^ the islander could not be convinced of his mistake. Mr. Bangs saw no less than nine Ruffed Grouse and believes ‘that at present they are mush more numerous than the Heath Kens, He is of the opinion that not more than 40 Or 50 of the latter now exist on the whole island. Heath Hen. HI Martha* 8 Vineyard *- CT3.pid.onia eupldo >- Heth*n*‘ Thos» Waldron* Live in oak scrub but feed otit into grain fields; are very fond of clover* Go in small flocks; counted 16 in one flock aroiand barn last winter and saw 6 more same day* Their range covers about 75 sq*' m*' there v/ere fully 100 birds in this range this spring*- Heard them tooting in May. Pound nest with IS or 14 eggs about June 10 some years ago* Nest among oak sprouts at base of large stump. Have counted 12 chicks in brood* S5 years ago saw between 100 and 800 birds in a flock* Have seen them in a roTY along a fence* When flushed in the fields they fly straight into the v/oods* Ruffed Grouse is found but is much less numerous than Heth*n* Another W* Tisbury man tells me he rarely goes to Cottage City without seeing them in the road* Mr* David Fisher of Edgartown tells me that contrary to general report his father did not introduce any Pinnated Grouse on this island and further that he has no knowledge that the native stock has ever been mixed with foreign blood* The story arises from the fact that his father introduced some Quail many years ago, the native stock having been practically exter* by winter of 1858* The Heath Hens are, he says, much less nimierous than formerly (30 years ago) but he thinks they have been increasing for the past three or four years* He sav/ more last v/inter than for 5 years. ' 1 -. '^ . '7~tr7Z^ /T -:w. ^■, -^- 4X12,^^ ^ ^ri., ,6^ ^ ^ ~ “^, f ^ /UC . • - "„ r :5r. ^ ' tn-ZTJ^ 7 -^< A 4>- f"- / '^ 2 :^'^ ^ fiyiyi.j^^d^ ^X.-^ 0 r-t ^-7 ^ f. It- ^ - ‘j / - V V. 6 / . /uA)( 4--y **" , i'i' ' ■ , ^'y Tym-nanuch-us cuTiido . 1897. Dec. 50. The Passing of the Heath Hen. IvIr.C.E. Hoyle called to-day bringing six shins and one egg Qx* the Heath Hen. He believes that this Grouse is now practically if not absolutely extinct. Up to 1892 it had held its own fairly well although nore or less birds v/ere shot every year and at all seasons by native gunners against v/hon local sentiment would not warrant the bringing of prosecutions. I But this tolerance was not extended to outsiders or, at least, to such of them as had no friends on the island. A partial exception to this rule was made, however, in the case of a man now living In Boston but originally from the Vineyard. This v;retch went to the island in August, 1892, when the young Heath Hens were still in coveys and unable to tahe long flights and hmting them persistently with well-trained dogs he shot and sent to the Boston markets about 150 birds, or fully one half of the total number believed to have been on the Vineyard at that time. The following year he made a simi- lar raid getting practically all that were left. The Island- ers grumbled a good deal at this slaughter but nothing was done to punish its perpetrator. Nearly all the Heath Hens which hav^^ through llr .Hoyle ' s hands were procured by a friend who lives on Martha's Vineyard and who for many years has been familiar with the habits of the birds and their haunts. U? to 1894 this man had talcen too ^2 TvTar>anuc]ius ouPido . 189V. Dec .30. (l'Io.2). I } strong an interest in the preservation of the Heath Hen to bo willing to hill more than three or four birds in any one sea- son but in the autumn of that year being convinced that the species was hopelessly near extinction he very properly decid- ed to obtain, for Ivir. Hoyle, as many specimens as possible of the few individuals that wore left. He succeeded in getting twelve birds, all members of a single covey and all that he could find. The following year (1395) he failed to meet with a single Heath Hen although he scoured every part of the island with good dogs, spending no less than twenty-five days in the search. One or two birds are reported to have been seen by other sportsmen during this year but none are hnovm to have been met with by anyone in 1896 or 1897. Hoyle says that the Heath Hens have always suffered a good deal from the depredations of the larger Kawhs as well as latterly, by. those of the Poxes ( introduced about ) for he has repeatedly found the remains of birds that had evidently been hilled by one or the other of these marauders a^-id he thinhs that at the very last they may have hunted down and destroyed the few stragglers that had escaped the sportsmen. He does not believe that either Hawhs or Poxes can be held responsible for the final result. On the contrary the simple truth is that the extinction of the Heath Hen has been caused partly by the short-sighted indifference and jealous greed of TvmTtanuclius ounldo . 1897. the people of Martha's Vineyard, who while ever ready to en- Dec.SO. force the law against non-resident sportsnen have allowed, (No. 3). if not actxially encouraged, their friends and neighbors to break it at every opportunity, and partly to the apathy of the Fish and Game Commissioners who, although repeatedly warned of the seriousness of the situation, have done simply nothing to avert the calamity which has now come to pass. It is true that in IS a - -hal f ho ar t r d _^^ a 1 1 emp t was made to trap some of the Heath Kens with a view to breeding them in confinement and afterwards distributing them in suitable places throi:^hout the State. agent selected for this pur- pose,Aaving been duly armed with auth ority from the Coimiiis- sioners , , went to the island and succeeded in baiting a 40 gem f-A>— dv m a ge birds in a place favorable for the use of -his nets; but before could usi r- them - Iw ^^was awakened early one morning by a fusilade of gim shots and hastening forth beheld a party of native giinners retreating in the distance leaving the ground where the bait had been scattered covered with the feathers of the birds which they had slain. It seems incred- ible that this outrage should have gone unpunished but cer- tain it is that none of those who perpetrated it were brought to justice while they and their fellow sportsmen on the Vine- yard have since shot the Heath Hens v/henever and wherever they have had the opportunity regardless alike of the law and their Tvra'pariuohus cui'>ldo . 1897. own direct interest in the preservation of the birds. Dec. 30. In illustration of the laxity of local morals on this part (No. 4). ticular question Ivlr .Hoyle tells the following story:- On one occasion a few years since he went after Heath Hens in company with his Vineyard friend. Just as they were leaving the village they met the local gaaue warden who ashed what they were going after. Hoyle's friend boldly answered, "Heath Hens". "Hope you'll get some", replied the faithful warden. On their return at evening they again met the warden j ! who inquired as to their success and on being told that they I I had shot two Heath Hens ashed to see them. Hr.Hoyle's com- I i I panion at once produced them when the warden, sraoothing their i ! I feathers lovingly, remarhed, "Nice birds , if you get any more i i j than you want send them up to my house" 1 I j I The centre of distrubutlon of the Heath Hen on Martha's ! I Vineyard, according to lir. Hoyle, has always been the open i j plains (more or less covered by low oah scrub ) near the vil- lage of 7/est Tisbury. Into the taller oah woods they seldom wandered, he thinhs, excepting in cold windy v/eather in win- ter. Their favorite food was the leaves of the sorrel which j abounds on these plains. Tyimoanuolius cu'pldo . jL^lartha’s Vineyard, I^iass. i ; Extract from a letter from C.E. Hoyle, West Millbury, t ‘ Mass., Feb. 17, 1398. '• I will try to answer your questions i I in their order. I 1 I i { f 1st. I think it was Aug., 1893 that the particular of- fence that I mentioned to you occurred, but I understood that it had been a practise with this party for a nmber of years, to come to the Island in Axig, and Sept, to get the Chickens, 2nd. I have one 1895 specimen taken on Sept, 3th wi th egg . 3rd. It was in 1896 that my man failed to get a specimen. The following is to be strictly confidential for the pre- sent at least. Some five days after seeing you I met ivIr.E.H. Porbush. Hoyle saw Ivir .Brewster on Dec. 30, 1897^. He said he had been on the Island for a few days this fall and among other things he made inquiries about the Heath Hen, among the gimners. He did not hear of euiy being shot in the last two or three years but said he talked with one man who thought he had seen one this year, I immediately ^^rrote to my man and asked him to send me a full report. He is not much given to letter writing and I had not heard from him this season. In answer he wrote me that he had been following the matter up very closely throiigh the summer and fall, and in the latter part of Jime and July he located 2 broods of chicks, much to his surprise. He followed them up and saw th&n every few days. Knowing their scarcity he realiaied their ST # , Tya-panuchus oupido . I jMartlia's Vineyard, iviass. I |(Ho,2). value and laid his plans. He said he did not want to get I them until they were in full feather and he was afraid that i I I the other fellows would find them, so as soon as they oom- raenoed to fly he leapt driving them off their aooustomed feed- ing grounds by firing blanh charges and other means and final- I ly got them so wild that they“fly at the sight of a man no i 1 matter how far off. He wrote me that not a bird had been shot. ! He said there were 27 birds in all and he would send me I I some of them. Since then he has sent me 27 birds and with the last one wr64o that he had cleaned them up and did not expect ever to see another one. Now I iTould ash you not to let the above information go any farther than yourself for, as you fully understand, it would reduce the value of my birds very much should it be known that birds had been taken this year* I feel quite sure that this is the last chapter in the history of this species, I thinlc it quite probable that these birds were the offspring of those reported to you by Prazar, The covey had probably been shot into by pot-hunters early in the season which would account for my man not finding them as he did not look for them until the first of Ddc. — Yours truly. C .E. Hoyle" /V?)r. « ~R#»n jui*MJ. taJl» . 'i4*jJxi ik»*M oAK, CcJLjl fx-^y4Jrti Uk^ ^ 6 « tk. , ^PtM. ^ 3 ^ , ”*r^ wv K< f l~u_>) . , ijCk \ftiiJ>*J*>i flC Aj»-L flk/v^ fttA* tA^ djJb'mS^G^^ ^ K>»i*-M , 4j^Af\JLA «**■*»»*< **>4-^ wuJL. ari;r eja»iVt^, How 3 ;XZ| iW^jrCA. *A( e»«^ . ^ a-JA ^ umAa. ^ ft. jfy VWju^,«a^ M> 4 Mf v 4 &A/w^ v>a. *V. > 4 >--fl (mvvA*-^ CumJC Vai*^^MJU,. uj>M ~Ca* tC 4 » «lA.. kak '( 4 > U »«K. t^MC' V»vx 7 4 ^c-iatT^ - '- Clk.^ /a tvwr yccxc ftJT c4if^ /V 1 7 4 j I k«Jv*av* ^ "A. TCts ^ 4 Ary a «> faawC 'yo-ftika. iL«*4 d*a*^^ ^Ar«^ ^"3 £Uf^.K^rvy ^A*a ^kft-««C. y*as4 f / 9 7 J" Ai>«/>j^ ^^KAA ^ IXi^ lU 4 yaA-Jr— X< v^ UMaa^ ^ ■^*v\ . t^-*A, , V**~ *yX^ l^vwi CnAA^iC Wr,< l^kA J *f~i I ~ * V u ^ (f ^ 4 /us/>«s 4 ft>^A> ^ .. h' ^ \m — ' . fl ^ I "T 1 I a “C l^^>f 1 *.r«> * jC" *'' ' 4 ^ h"^ 7 lAAA t >a^./>aX> C* !»>Ar>kA»> fr / 51 ? /s^if I ^ I Aw K. **‘ t»**>^>- A^»*r t•-JkA^^^ ^ "^*4^, /7 '^vnr># 0,.,^^4k*». tfj W^A4>A^^t^, V'JO'"-' ** '— •"•k. ^A^v% Vu/jy.>«V. . ^ jjjf **-*'-**-y' ♦i %;C ^ Cto Uf>r*«^Jsrw T O'*^ ^ ^I’lf \)ij , A%»«»»^ir»’J>»». T ' « 1 ^, «>>K.cl*^ Ln,*w<. VKNA^ (»l^»»<. Jt, ^ /*** Pinnated Grouse in Southern Ontario .— On November 25, 1909, I had the pleasure of looking through the collection of Mr. Alex. Gow, Windsor, Ont., and was much pleased to find in it a recent Canadian specimen of the Pinnated Grouse. The bird was a female in fine condition, taken in Sandwich, West Township, eight miles south of Windsor, on the Detroit River, April 29, 1897. It seems altogether probable that this will be the last specimen ever taken in southern Ontario; though, of course, it will probably occur in the northwestern part of the Province. Mr. Gow tells me, that he had two others, which had been taken near Chatham, forty miles east of Windsor, about 1882 or 1883, but these have not been kept. The country around Chatham, and from there to Windsor, has much ground suited to the needs of this bird and there can be little doubt that it was once common through most of this territory, although the district ten miles north of Chatham is the only spot from which records have been preserved. — W. E. Saunders, London, Ont. AaJc 27 . Jan-ldlO p. f U (X Loxv. 1 a. J BUftCAU OF NATURAL HIST O R Y . Established tsre c ^ t. ^ o S'J Telephone connection J. MSL. CRJTOHL-^Y, Successor to southwick & critchley. ^ " W^ Ai An^ell. M. A. Mammal and Bird Skins, fancy Shells, Fur Rugs, Naturalists’ Supplies and Publications. Animals and Birds Mounted to Order either from Fresh Specimens or Dry Skins. 354 WESTMINSTER STREET. Dutchex, Rare Long Island Birds, [Tympanuchus cupido. Heath Hen. — There is no specimen of this species in the collection. Col. Pike remembers having killed individuals of this species a number of times on Long Island — the first time in 1836. “I was making a tour on foot round the Island, collecting, and one morn- ing while encamped at ‘Comae Hills’ we found our larder empty and visited the plains for game. We killed a number of these birds and made some skins of them. They were not plentiful, yet we procured all we wanted. Soon after a law was enacted for their preservation. I have not met with an individual for twenty-five years in the woods or plains which I have hunted over, and I am afraid they are nearly extinct.” The Pleath Hen has undoubtedly been extinct on Long Island for at least half a century, and it is important, therefore, to place on record all of its life history that can now be obtained from living witnesses. Our esteemed fellow-member Mr. George N. Lawrence is one of the few living scientists who have had the privilege of seeing this species on its native heath. It is with much pleasure, therefore, that I append herewith a letter from Mr. Lawrence relative to bygone days and that extinct bird. My Dear Mr. Dutcher : “Did you ever endeavor to trace the specimen of Pinnated Grouse which I informed you I saw at Hempstead about sixty years ago, mounted and under a glass shade? It was said to be the last example of its race on Long Island, formerly so numerous, and known to the natives as the Heath Hen. “I think it was in the summer of 1831 that I accepted the invitation of a friend to spend a few days with him at the residence of his grandmother at Mastic for the purpose of shooting Bay Snipe in the Great South Bay. At that time the only mode of conveyance was by stage coach. We started from Brooklyn in the morning (another friend going with us), and by noon we reached Hempstead where, at the roadside tavern, while waiting in the parlor for dinner, I was interested in the specimen above alluded to; it was a fine specimen and in good condition ; possibly it may be still in the possession of some member of the family.^ At night we stopped at Patchogue and did not reach our destination until the next morning. “The Grouse at one time were quite abundant in the scrub oaks of the middle part of the island. I remember hearing of the successful shooting of them by Mr. John Norton. One day he got in the midst of a covey, which was scattered around him in a piece of scrub oak. On shooting one, instead of securing it, he threw down some part of his wardrobe to mark the spot, first his hat, then his cravat, coat and vest; — how far he disrobed I am unable to tell, I suppose that depended upon the number of birds killed. I remember Mr. Norton very well, he was a small man and an enthusiastic sportsman. The family mansion where he resided was on comparatively high ground, just west of Far Rockaway, and bordering on the ocean. The old house was removed by the mai'ch of improvement, and the grounds in which it stood are now known by the euphonious name of Wave Crest. “As is known by ornithologists, the Long Island bird was considered to be identical with the Prairie Hen of the West, but quite recently it has been decided by Mr. William Brewster that they are distinct species. It is surprising that this was not discovered sooner, as their habitats were so very different, one frequenting a dense scrub oak region and the other an open prairie country. Yours truly, January 20th, 1892. Geo. N. Lawrence.”] 1 A visit to Hempstead to see this specimen revealed the fact that it was destroyed by fire a few years since. — W. D. * > ^ 35 X- July, 1893 p 272^. {}fvoJoOiiU ML %u. 3 /i Mi. Id. ^&AA.yi ^LcxAJiAJuli. ~ ^-C^A-y "■■■“"“ i ci ^ 1 ' I CiX“ ^fc^’vJCe ^ <^t.^-»- y^< t - ■ i‘ "ZZ^ b'CZt.t.A. \ I 1_| Iti 1 -- ~Z*«*»/ (.c«->^ Z'v/V^ MEASUREMENTS. CA-^-^KjueCto catl.no. COL.W.B. SEX. c . c i2 c —o-K — ^ « e S!^ e E'>^ j: EccS^O-HCCt^'^S^ MID -n.Sro'^ii: c P-jS o LOCALITY. REMARKS. /.u 3^ X. Cht. t. <4. m\ /.7h\ \ 70 i'O .Jf ‘ l/'i.Z^yCKJ^^ -A/Cu^, , r y ' ^ &.c/x-C-CCA ^ (IaA^xZ^ 7 :j '6 rcAx 'fcuK.. Ppo3d- fA3- 3.1^' /w /. 3-r .73 3? Jlo l.3b' /. d'"'' , U .// ■i'd 34' o ID 155. Trigger and Reel on Martha s Vineyard. ByE.A. D. Jbid.,lW, pp. 306, 307. — Contains the following important reference to Cupidonia cupido (p. 306) : '■ In no other part of Massachusetts, and I know not if in any of the Eastern States besides, can be found the gamy and toothsome prairie chicken, which abound[s] here in quite large numbers and retain[s] the primitive purity of its Western fellow. . . . However, they are quite abundant and extremely tame, and being well protected during the greater part of the year by a special law, they are allowed to breed in security, and their ranks are but slightly thinned during the ‘ off months.’ ” 229. Grouse {^Cupidonia cupido^ on Martha's Vineyard. By S. C. C. Ihid.^ XIX, No. 18, p. 344, Nov. 3o,'*iS82. iFoT. ^ Stream. Decrease of Birds in M*aa. J. A. Alien Under the name of “Pheasants,” Morton and others make un- questionable 'reference to the Pinnated Grouse {Cupidonia cupido), showing that it was once a common denizen of this State. A few pairs are still known to exist on the islands of Naushon and Mar- tha’s Vineyard, where they have of late been stringently protected by law. BuU. N.0.0, I, Sept. 1878. p, . /■ .lA \ i ^ I ^ '/-Jl^Xti^ 7'^-^.-^ K^-C^<_J^ Ije-tx^ ^ c-». ^ ^ C’ ^ ^ 'B^.I '~J < ‘-'^ ItCui ^ crul\ -e^ c^w. 7i6_^ "1-^ " ^ /oXa-'T" 7 ^^ — ^ Ly~Ti^^. . / ^ Jj. 7 K . %.i. (j (^•—^c.aJS' V''''-«‘- L-'X^ aUu^^^] /^ -tvfT 0^7 r^S/ " l.Uiir\ ( ^ / 5^'L. 7 ' YWJ *^ 4 ^' U 4 .up,uvryt^ « 4 /M ,,W 7 ^ ’ iSS5.] Brewster on S%vainso)i’ s Wai'bler. 79 upper parts immaculate. The yellow of the median stripe on the forehead is usually restricted to the bases of the feathers, but in some specimens it extends to their tips, forming a conspicuous marking. In others again it is wholly wanting. The place which Helinaia .should occupy in systematic lists is a somewhat puzzling question. Its long wings, large, flesh- colored feet, and sluggish terrestrial habits indicate an affinity with Oforornis; its acute, compressed bill and short tarsi a per- haps stronger one with Helmitherus. In many respects it seems to form a connecting link between these two genera, with Helmith- erus extending the chain towards Helminthofhila. Baird apparently held some such view in 185S, for he placed Helmith- erus (in which he included Hel inaia') between Icteria and Helminthoflnla, and Oporornis immediately before Icteria. Subsequently he separated Ilelniinthophila further from Opor- ornis by the intervention of the additional genera Perisso- jflossa, Dendrosca^ and Siurus, and later authorities have widened the gap still more. Leaving out of consideration the Ccerebidas, a troublesome family which seems to grade insensibly into the Sylvicolidai through such genera as Helminthophila and Perisso£-lossa, our North American Sylvicolidas might be very naturally arranged as follows: \ . Mniotilta ; 2, Dendrceca (in- clud ing Perissog'lossa and Pe 7 A.ced 7 'amus as sub-genera) ; 3, Protonotaria ; 4, Parula; 5, Helminthophila; 6, Heh7iith- ei-us; 7, Helmaia; 8, Siuri/.s; 9, Oporo/'nis ; 10, Geothlypis ; II, Icteria; 12, Myiodioctes ; 13, Setophaga; 14, Cardellina ; 15 ’ Ergaticus : 16, Pasileuterus. The Cmrebidie, however, cannot be thus conveniently ignored, and the general subject is far too important and comprehensive to be discussed within the limits of the present paper. Recapitulation. — Within the United States Swainson’s War- bler has been taken only in South Carolina. Georgia, Florida, Alabama, and Texas. There is but one extralimital record (Havana, Cuba). It has been erroneously accredited to New England, on incomplete evidence to Southern Illinois. It is not known to winter within the United States, but on the contrary seems to emigrate southward before the approach of cold weather (latest date, September 25) , returning again in April (earliest date, April 13). It has occurred in numbers only near Charleston, South Carolina, [*] where alone it has been positively ascertained [* Cf. p. 62 of this number' of 'The Auk.' — E dd.] Eastern Massachusetts. hi^ c/ wXy / ibk- - 1^0 a 'i. ^ivy C,.jJu^ JiK lj%. mo ^3 I . Zf^_ ^/, (= % /kfo (^’cT ';^/® ^/ 7® /^ /j ^ 7^’ n?/. -^'ti. /c>®_ / /IffJL JctAyiMj^rXy ) 71 aL\^:,)./1^j. 2/^: 22 26'® 17(2^: 2.2® c2. /® <; ® i dujLj •) , > •Zo.'jf: /^W*';i >7 nuM^ lO !ifi JZ H-/J .7 -/V 4 - //■/- -■/•^> Z 6 tWii 2 . l^f¥ (J 2 ® 76 y,' 6 -^ ' 74 /^-"//r >Hla^ 7/4 ^5 4 ^ i 4 ,.. 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(Aa^Aa^x 3 c>^ ^p^rt ifr^^j\A- 4 ^ ^ A^fAChA- S'aa\, i\) ^n.. - - / t ^ ^ o(/\/> C'aaCxAA, (Xa) ~Ia 6 x ^ 7 £Xaj—i i- 7S3C7” O-iaA. d-i/^ WX CA-a^ lAA\y\, dCx^ ^ fxA\^A.A 3 c>t 3 ^^AL^Uy Ka^. ^ S -^ cL ^joda. . ^■^aA'A-aA/^^A^ ,\ATr'AnA'~^ ^0 ^«J>^tAV^ Lv^.La^ (Ai<^ <5^^ ^ '"Xca^.Aaia^A. /\al lAytAAAiA ^\AiAiA' 0 A^'-GAiA^A ^\a\a^ ., J'l\/^ (/'AA^’^/yXA^Al^-A^ fA'{r\A^Al-AA\ \J^ Ax-e-^iAtA^r^AtL fcjylAr '^Pd^-cfA^ Xx Ma-'ha^/ CyAr>} h Ar-\ oCl (X, /AlAA ^ (X^xtA^Z^ 'Y^ '^Aaxt cA.----'-v. ^ Xa Q.. 0 LA/^ '^<-A . A ^ ^ // ^ ^ A'At l^\A--yf-tAAA P-iaaC^ GaxaAaxX t>A U^ ^5»_ &J /Z‘i^ Z/. 7J Cojyic-d froni Journal, i.isachusetts. 1891. ylC0.0t^ ^ /X' ^ -0'0^'0~^4y _ y- y. Y y^tl/'- cJ^ ^4'^i!x>'7:i'7^^ 02^0^0^ ^!2!^jT'i0:^ ^ a^tx^0t.c^ ^ ^ ^00!2>Zy^ c^ y^^ni^ytyey^ ^iyu^-2^ ^ .Ax/' jA ^ //A^ ^ ^Ac /i^'.^^://' ■ idsa. y^yxfi^ XlXlx^xx:^ (iX2x/i!2^ /xxAxiA / -2^X0%^ (A0yc/A^40^ xZ-a^x^x^ /^uxyz^ -Ayiyx^ ^^//xzA^c ^/-tytyAxxXcf / /A:. ^^4y^iX!yS ^yXxxyi^^ /(r^x/^ ^^/yi4^ . Z^o AAo/ a /Z^t^A^AxyZ^^ Ax'XXX' /xx^ Ax4yXx// y^^xi20Xy XZ^Axyx/^^^ ,X>0X AxXxA^ /2 /t^ yZTii/ :^22i^0XX ^^^ix/xx^A /yZ-'^ix^yx/z '' 2^xxtf a/:. ^::^:ypx/^^/xxt x^yxxz^ , / i:ZiA/ :0X4x/ ^Z^Sg.- ' ^ J^xZ/i // //^ /'/Ax'y^ yAzZ200iXz/ AggyZigx/' .y-^'X'-a^dyg' Az^XygA y-gX0gy^^ oA y^(f XiAAf y^^t!2^yt2^fA yg^gAfgyg x^^ZxZ'g^ /2yZ'tA /Z-^Ac/Z^A f<2^y/7gx/^ //gyxgygx zA.g AA'^^/A^A -/A, Oopiod iron:; Jouiiui,; Coiicordj -tLrjril, jt m Jkll till's* . 1393, /^^€4*i>^ wX/« ^#-*,4/ *^4 ^ *3r ♦^'•-vy, UiTtC /»W A 4«Xr*«^ Vig^ i?6U A«r-Vy4i^ ^ (8^ /^>W^ •— #WW«/ A^ K4>l2^Xy-4 ■i^^*>t« -K*,^ ^ ^47. ,fc7 vi;:^^- 'A. ^ A->«"v3ir ^1 A-^r ^U*JBft^ ^A. Wr>. i>*w^^ /v^ ftf*^ t»dmr>^^^ yA -w ~~0irftio^^4 A.0^ dAA^r A>c<^-/v »»4t>y ^»* -yi? , ■ ■<»< ^ f f^*^. im VV^ ^ A ' ♦«» V^ ^ ^ UA, WW. •*,« « iy^ KC^ ^'■*<*" ^ ^ ^ X*v^. ^ Gollnus vir^ ini anus Peterborough, New liampshire . 1S9S. On the afternoon of July 11th I was surprised to hear July 5 the Bob-v7hlte of a quail coining from a field near the barn, to Aug. 15. The bird continued whistling at inteayvals for half-an-hour or more. My sportsman friend (who lives near at hand) also heard it and was equally surprised for, as he afterwalrds assured me, the Quail is of vary rare occurence here althou^^h not uncommon (he says) about Concord, New Hampshire. I Concord, 1896 . Oct. 31. 1899. June. Collnus vlr?4lnlanus . Roosting for the night. As we^paddling slowly up the reach past Barrett's Bar I discovered a small, short-tailed, plump-loohing bird sitting crouched on the branch of a young oak over the rock where I shot the Prothonotary. Landing I walked nearly beneath it when to my great surprise I found that it was a Quail. The next moment it and another which I had not seen started from the tree and whirred off over the open fields. It was nearly dark at the time and both birds must have gone to roost for the night in this unusual place. A pair running in the road near Heath's Bridge on the 0th, one calling near the Barrett farm on the 15th and a male calling bob-v/hite on the Keyes farm place on the 25th. A pair v;ere also seen in Bedford on the 11th. birds of TORONTO, CANADA. BY JAMES H. FLEMING. Part II ^ Land Birds} 114 . Colinus virginianus. Bob-whitp — tLo n, -i found along the north shore nf T qF n + '• Q^ail was at one time c. ;itr° from “ *1,5““° ‘“S' T «=.l of Lok, E™, ,ho» .‘I' P™ are left miles east of Toronto) are the"7e from the indigeZs birds and differ iZu}i8ss:i:z}'- Winter Birds of Webster.N . H. by Faloo. r Quail, (Ortyx mrginian(C). O.&o. X. Jan. 1885. pv-ic ?2 Waverly, Ivlass. On the lOth I found in the grove by the Waverly Hospital among the large pines, a small bevy of Quail. They flew quite high among the trees, and appeared to me to start and stop in the trees like Partridges; although it is true I did not actually see them at rest in the trees, I could find no prints of their feet on the snow although it was very impressible and took perfect mould of the Itobinis feet Walter Paxon (letter January 12, 1891)'. I imL A- L. ^nX^ t *U ^%^4A4j^»*^ Jov. 21-^3. /;. ^ J ■;^;^ ^ I?* w,l * ^^Imoutfa, Maps. 1889. . y j io, 'itA-:i}e^ ir<. cp ,.-^a.*.^ ^ ^■"-, r .-^ /< Great Id. Mass, .i^ae. 1886. #£5 cf ^ t) ■ ■_ « a, < — - ^ , ^ ^ ^ 71 // 75 ,'?. {near Concord^. 1887 /ny jk^ ^1 7.^-./3V J<*Aj J/i ^ ^C .-if a*^ . 7 * . /d i (ikz:^y: IrtAi Mass , {nea r Ca mbridge). mj? Aav. f Aii- JIto^. n~ (S/ Z> I ^ 4 ^ 3 J. V « ^ c fky ^Vu-iK ^l , -Kw- toJj\ ■'?•V^J*^A/'# Ch (»^T“ ^'t/vtA>*i'^ V C^\,i.4t ' — - - ^ - - -*. ^ CLA/V^ ^ iiw Ce^Jt ^H»<- . tvvi^ avw^ e-^, ^Liu* ^»y ,*^ '^■' /u>^u 4.^v'/\^ - (A'^I.A'C G<-j i*--^ . •x^ crv-y t^iuv CJ"^ iv.V»C K'A.vt.^v W'SH' W-w' Distribution of New England Birds. - A Reply to Dr. Brewer. H.A.Purdie. Citmg again from our standard work on North American birds we find this ot Orhjx virginianus ^ ^ /.^0^e^ . <-^ /^L^ Albinism and Melanism in North American Birds* Ruthven Dsane. ,OrtyxVirginianus Ljl^ ^’, BuU. N.0.0. 1, April. 1876. p.24 Albinism and Melanism in North American Birds* Butliven Deane, ^ 0 _ Virginianus, ’ BuiLN.O.Gi 1, April, 1876, p . 22 Albinism and M'-la i n': in North Amarican Birds* Buthven Deane, I have seen O, Virginianus having the veiled appearance as described in the Blue Jay, BuaN.O.O. 1, April, 1876. p. 22 Brief Notes. A beautifully marked specimen of a partial albino Bobwliite was secured by Henry J. Thayer at the Boston market. The tips of tlie feathers were natural, while the background was nearly white, giving ^- O.&O. Vll. Oct. 1882. p,/6^ Late Nesting of the Bob White. During the full and winter of 1891-1892 the Ornitiioi.ogist and Oologist con- tained several records of late nesting of the Bob White. I agree with Mr. P. B. Peabody, in re- gard to his statement, “Nobody has touched, as yet, the bottom mark as to latest normal nesting date of the Bob White.” In fact, I said the same in sub- stance in my article in the January, 1892, Ornithologist and Oologist. My cousin W. F. Hoag, of Blue Rapids, Marshall County, Kansas, again sends me eggs, with data of two instances of late nesting of the Qiiail. One of them beats his 18S9 nest, recorded by me in the Jan- uary Ornithologist and Oologist, by several days. Nest No. I. Found September 22, built in a corn-field, at the foot of a hill of corn, contained ten eggs of the Bob White and one of the domestic hen, incubation about two thirds advanced. The nest was about ten rods from a farm house, which explains the presence of the hen’s egg. Nest No. 2 was found September 23, built in the prairie grass, and run over by the mower before discovered, which crushed all the eggs excepting four. As near as could be ascertained, the set con- sisted of fifteen eggs. Incubation postive- ly not over one third advanced. Allow- ing twenty days to be the period of incu- jbation, the chicks would not have left the ' shells before October 6 at least. Benjamin Hoag. Stephentown, New York. Y. Jwi. 0.& O.Vol.17,1899 p. 8 How Many Eggs can a Bob-white Cover? The above query occurred to me lately when I received a set of twenty-eight eggs of the Bob-white (Orlyx virginiana). They were all found in one nest, though whether they were all laid by one bird is a question that cannot be answered. Certain it is that the Bob-white lays a very large clutch, but whether one hen could lay twenty-eight eggs is very doubtful. The eggs of this species are very small in proportion to the size of the bird, and their shape enables them to be closely placed to- gether in the nest, but twenty-eight of their eggs cover a circle of at least six and a half inches diameter, and it is extremely doubtful whether the bird could cover them all when sitting & O. XIV. Ap r. 1889 i A Large Set of Eggs of the Bob White. In the October O. & O. Mr. James B. Purdy of Plymouth, Mich., records a nest of the Bob-white found at that place on August .SO, 1891. The nest contained thirteen eggs and the next day, August -Slst, they were about half liatched. Mr. Purdy wislies to know who can beat it for a late Quail’s nest. I have an egg of the Bob-white in my cabinet which was collected on September 12, 1889, at Blue Rapids, Kansas, by my cousin, W. F. IJoag. Tbe nest contained ten eggs perfectly fresh, but he drove over the nest before it was discovered and broke them all but one, wliicb he kindly sent to me. I presume there are many who have later records of this bird breeding than either Mr. Purdy’s or the one mentioned above. Let me hear from those who live where the Bob-white is an abundant breeder. Benjamin Hoag. Stephentown, N. O.&O.V 0 I.I 7 , Deo. 1892 p.184-186 Large Sets or Eggs. W. D. Hills, Odin, 111., writes that he found a Quail’s nest with thirty eggs and one with twenty-eight. O.&O. lX.Jan.l884.p.;^t i" What do you think of a set of Qjiails’ eggs (Bob White) 38 in number? The nest was found by my young friend, Amon Shearer, Gilbert, Iowa. When found it contained 27 eggs. He took out part of them, and last Sunday, June 5, when I was at his home, the nest con- tained eggs to make 38 in all. They were laid by one bird. They are beauties. Twenty-seven is a large set, but 38 beats the record. Carl Fritz- Henning. Boone, Iowa. O.&OV 0 I. 17 , Aug, 1892 P.122 [If some of the eggs were removed, and the bird went on laying, they cannot strictly be called a “set.” — J. P. 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V kag^-j; — § C a “SS g^ S 0.-3 . ^ 5 0 '’- “ = a3S2'a a=f-.a'a “ a S S 2'a 1 iP ':: ocr'S‘-'“®p 3 Sa S^a -S-so-ap- ' i i ® 380 * 4 a +j F^ a cc o a o o 2 02 CO «4-( SS ^ a:::.2 p: g a-S a o to . a ^ oj P o > 0 ^bJD 3 a • ' Sv =®-S > -»' I o ft o ^ ’ o 3 «3 ^ "a ^ s- ri ftiHH f 3 f^ bCd 2-^3- 0 §o' 3 ,Sg:-iSS. 5 _|'g 3 ® 43 -^.SMa 3 S oajPSggS gp S O g 2^ - ° ^ ft"" 73 o ■g'q S' >»d ^ 03''44 ^ ‘ -^3 2 03 2 'c 3 ; Is 3 03 •^' 3 sg ce C 3 2 -^ I i i .< 1 ? ,/■ ^ 5 r / Col Inus virt^inianus. , Mural ^lutorjr. ‘4yu..fmjU. MYdi, J te.gfe . A^.2 ^7Sf<^ _ p, THE STKANGE ADVENTURES OF A BOB WHITE. BY JOHN A. WELLS, M. D. # The seventeenth day of November, eighteen hundred and eighty-three, was one of those rare, hazy and mellow days which every sportsman hails with delight. To be anywhere but afield on such a day seems a crime almost, and many a time that bright morning I consulted my timepiece with a view to arranging my business so that at the very least a brief hour or two toward sundown might be devoted to my beloved recreation. All through the day, with its worries and its cares, at intervals there would suddenly arise in my mind a bright vision of a certain golden buckwheat stubble which, unless I was woefully mistaken in my calculations, the lengthening shadows in the west would find tenanted by a hungry, busy little family, all eager for supper and even willing to risk an interruption from their mortal enemy and his terrible dogs, to fill those empty coops. For had they not fasted since long before high noon and might not to- morrow bring a driving storm and only a scant breakfast in the swamp ? It wanted but an hour of sundown when I drove up to the door of my house in the village, and very little time indeed did it take to toss the old corduroy, with a quantum suficit of cartridges in the pockets, under the sert, to follow it up with the little Parker gun, unchain the barking, eager dogs and with a touch of the whip to old Pegasus, drive off. A rapid drive of a little over a mile brought me in sight of the well-known grounds, but ere I arrived at the bar^ where I usually tied, the two dogs dashed at full speed into the stubble and there, by Diana herself ! a point already, and I not half ready. But no ! they crawled a couple of yards, feeling the tainted west wind, blowing full in their noses ; the pointer slightly in advance, turned his head, gave me one expressive look and dropped as if a cannon ball had fallen plump on his back. I knew what that meant, sure enough — business and no fooling. Reader, did you ever try to get out of a wagon, anchor your horse, change coats and put a gun together all at once ? Then you know how I felt and how often the combinations ran into each other. Slip- ping in a couple of shells as I mounted the fence, I stepped quickly up to the motionless dogs and their invisible quarry. Then commenced the old “thumpety” “thump” “thump” of my heart which twenty years of intimacy with pointing dogs and flushing quaiis never seems to quell entirely. One step, two steps ahead of the dogs and burr-r- r-r-r-r away they went. Twice the little six-pound gun barked and let slip the dogs of war and two of the game lit- tle beauties came whirling earthward. The rest, panic- stricken, sailed over the fence, crossed an orchard and two low-lying bog meadows and there they were all down in that dense cat-briar thicket just across the alder swamp. Gun reloaded, at the word the red setter sprang to retrieve the first bird and in a very few seconds he was stowed away in that capacious game pocket which has been the tomb of many of his family connections. “Fetch dead, good Puck,” and the eager pointer bounded to where the victim of the left hand barrel fell ; but what ! not there ? wing-tipped only, as I am a sinner 1 I exclaimed, and while the good dog did not express himself in just so many words he understood matters quite as well, and with nose well up and rigid stern he rapidly roaded across the stubble and Into an old field, grown up with rank weeds, forming its eastern boundary. I was almost beginning to feel some alarm as to the mate- rial proofs of that rather neat double when suddenly the nose swung sharply to the right and pointed directly down- ward for a second. There was a very short scuffle and the good beast galloped in, proudly arched his neck and walked around me ere he handed me the bird, a fine, full plumaged cock it was and except for a fracture of the very tip of the left wing I could find no scratch on it. Alas ! poor Yorick, how that single little number eight pellet changed the course of your future life ! I was about to end Bob’s misery when one of those strange impulses, with which we are all acquainted, seemed to bid me spare that little life. Kind- ness I certainly intended it for, but it must be doubted whether, in the light of the bird’s future history, the quality of mercy was not strained in this instance. My pocket handkerchief sufficed to immobilize Bobby’s wings ; a bit of twine held the handkerchief in place and a spare pocket in my shooting coat made a suitable temporary cage. As the sun went down behind the distant Ramapo hills I bagged Bobby’s sixth relative. Pegasus was thinking of oats and my homeward drive was short. The captive was quickly transferred to a roomy cage, with plenty of buck- wheat and wheat screenings within reach, and a dark cloth thrown over one-half of the cage behind which he could hide. At first everything seemed so strange to the little fellow that he was loath to reconcile himself to his environ- ments, and almost beat his little brains out against the bars ; but hunger soon got the better of him and he was not long in recognizing me as the purveyor of his meals. After he had quieted down I put a fresh sod in his cage and this he seemed to prize immensely, scratching the grass and dust- ing himself very frequently. All kinds of greens, spinach, parsley, lettuce, dandelion and plantain leaves he welcomed eagerly. Gradually he became accustomed to the inmates of the kitchen, but the presence of the dogs in the kitchen at nights for many weeks tried his nerves sorely. But time, that great healer, at last ministered to the mind disordered as well as to the disordered wing and each day brought .less fear until, before many months, I could bring one of those great brown muzzles close up to the wires without exciting any alarm in the occupant of the cage. Indeed at times I thought he rather enjoyed their company, for he would oc- casionally strike in a playful way at the dog’s head with his bill, peeping the while in the most laughable manner. Many and many'a time I left the cage on the floor and not for all the rewards which a dog’s kingdom holds would one of those dogs oiler to even frighten their little friend. It was not many weeks after his capture when, early one morning, Robert screwed up his courage to the sticking point and electrified us by the long drawn out familiar call to assemble the scattered family together. Ever after, while he was with us, the rising of the sun or the going down thereof was the signal for the plaintive whistle to begin and for perhaps half an hour, at frequent intervals, hoping against hope it would be reiterated. When at last the long bleak Winter was over and gone, and the warm sun of late May and early June announced that the season was at band when the young man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love, nothing daunted by his prison bars, the little fellow raised himself to his full height and “Bob White ! bob-bob White! ” rang out just as clearly and just as tenderly as if his prison floor was a corner fence post and the wished for wife was a veritabie Mrs. White, warning those precious promises of a coming family in the long grass beneath. Summer over, the nights began to sharpen and the maples to turn; no more love notes now; only the lovely quoi-e-e-e ! quoi-e-e-e! attracted each passerby, for Bob had made many friends and many a ripe cherry and strawberry found their way to his bread basket through our neighbors’ solici- tude. So tame had he become that he would readily take a berry from between my lips while I held him in my hand. But as the early Autumn advanced to brown November his old wild nature and instinct for self preservation returned in a measure, and too great liberties on my part were re- ! sented. It was toward the close of the Summer that, one Col inus virfuniaiius . day, the even tenor of Bobby’s way was rudely interrupted. Such a day as that was only a weary lonely prisoner can appreciate. He had been whistling ever since an hour be- fore sundown with his customary lack of an answer, when hark ! what was that ? by all a quail holds most dear, a far- away faint reply. Another clarion peal from Bob and joy and rapture unforeseen ! Again comes the long drawn out, mellow echo, this time closer surely. A few more exchanges of Bob’s tenor and the visitor’s soprano and from my porch where I sit smoking, I spy a hen quail, skipping and minc- ing along with outstretched neck and eagerly answering my gay Lothario’s every note. And now she is directly under the cage and Robert, with head shoved out between the bars, sees her and fairly shrieks out his delight. At this most interesting juncture a crowd of noisy boys come racing down the village street and the noise of the commotion with the unusual surroundings, proved too much for the gentle maiden’s nerves and with a whirr-r-r, not even trust- ing to her little legs for escape, she was in the air and away like a bullet down the street, from whence she came, horrified as well she might be at her own unmaidenly temerity. Poor Bob screamed until long after dark but the fair one came not. Early next morning I placed the cage on the lawn where I could see it from the window, and almost at once the concert opened. Before I could believe it possible not one but two dainty birds, a cock and a hen, put in their ap- pearance, running for all they were worth, and answering every challenge without so much as pausing to take their breath. Both arrived together, and such a time as there was then. Bob, gone completely crazy, tore about his prison like mad and the visitors appeared almost as much excited for they peeped and pecked and scratched at the cage, won- dering the while to themselves if ever before was a quail in so sad a plight. For many minutes I watched this strange meeting until something, I have forgotten what, alarmed I the visitors and without a good-bye, they were ofl. For several successive days subsequently one or the other of these birds paid Bob a visit but never again did they come together and, while I hate to say it, the lady quail came sev. era! times to her husband’s once, and seemed to take a much deeper interest in Robert’s society. I never have found out why but her visits suddenly ceased and I can only draw my own inferences on such a purely domestic matter. The hus- band was probably perfectly right in his views but Bob could not be comforted. It may have been altogether a morbid fancy but ever after, all through the Autumn and Winter, the plaintive, lonely cry seemed even more plaintive and more lonely. Spring was hastening into Summer. Again the “Bob, bob-white!” with its thrice rising infiection, por- tended every storm, and one day it came over me, all at once, to let the poor little fellow go and see if he could not find that society he so much preferred to my own. Without stopping to think it over, I bundled him, cage and ali, into the buggy, and a mile or so from town not far from where I first made his acquaintance I opened the cage door and out he hopped. True to his old instinct, realizing his free- dom, he started off on a swift run but only for a few yards. Then he paused, looked back — and started toward me. I called ofl the pointer, which was watching the proceedings without venturing to take a hand in the matter, and with something suspiciously like a lump in my throat I jumped into the wagon and left my young bird to enjoy or to be- moan his new surroundings. I have always doubted if my intended mercy proved such in reality. It was on a Friday that I emancipated him and not until the following Sunday did I have an opportunity to visit the locality again. Then, with a friend and accom- panied by the pointer, we alighted at the same field, entered so as to give the dog the benefit of the wind and bid him hie on I Notawhifl of scent; no Bobby there. Disap- pointed, we crossed the fence, beat out the adjoining apple orchard, and were almost about to give it up when, away down in the corner of the field where the catbrlers mark the edge of the swamp, the good dog paused suddenly, felt the tainted air, roaded a few steps cautiously and stood firm and motionless. Uncertain stiil . if this indicated the near presence of my own Bobby or some other Bobby I peered cautiously down in the matted underbrush and briars and there, ten feet ahead of the dog’s nose, was a quail sure enough. Almost as my own eye caught him he saw me, and Bobby, yes ! my Bobby, saw me and saw his dog friend, too. Did he run away ? I should rather say not. He jumped up as quick as lightning and ran up to me and just as quick as he could ply his littie legs, too. It would have done your heart good, my dog-loving friends, to have seen that dog’s muscles relax, that tail to lose all its rigidity and to waggie violently ; those brown ears to lose all their prick and those bright eyes all their glare as the noble creature recognized his whilom little friend. And Bobby ! he was tickled to death to see us. He walked between the pointer’s legs and the pointer sniffed at his mottled back and then he paraded about me and prattled all the while his extreme satisfaction at the interview. At length I bade him good- bye and it was a last good-bye, for I never saw him again to my knowledge. And now, when the days of the wailing winds and whistling woods, and meadows brown and sear return and remind me that November and our favorite sport are at hand I take pains to avoid that particular lo- cality. I avoid it, reader, because I had learned to love that little bird and if any hand should bring him harm it must not be my own. Whether Bobby ever took unto him- self the wife whom he yearned for so long, and whether, if he did, he found himself capable of conveying to her his eventful history in the reiterated “Bob Whites” of the honey moon, I may never know. I only know this, that Coleridge was right when he taught us that “He prayeth well who loveth well Both, man and bird and beast.” Englewood, N. J. Vuc . ^ 4 , stream. YQl.:K.XYm,)1o¥! By 'jtd- • Ibid., \ 958. J^uail in Confinement. By Tennj & Woodward. Ibid., Dec. 25, p. 426. — A brood of five and another of seventeen “hatched last season are still living and in fine condition.” For. ^ Stream. ijiiSLXII 637. Breeding ^lail in Confinement. By Henry Benbrook. Ibid., No. 7, p. 123. — Other successful attempts reported. For. & Stream. Vol. 2 CX£ 1228. Self-Domestication of a Partridge. By Geo. D. Alexander. Ibid., No. 26, p. 609. — .V f.)^iail makes its appearance daily to receive a __ share of the food given to barnyard fowls. AmeTioau FlatfJ, 171. Domesticated ^uail. By Henry Benbrook., Ibid., XVI, May 5, 1881, p. 266. — Ortyx virginianus successfully reared in captivity to the third generation. Believes that under favorable circumstances they could _ be bred “as easily as Turkeys.” iPor S Stream 1300. T/ie Weight of ^uail in the South. By J. M. W. (Augusta, Ga.). — “Swamp birds” said to weigh two ounces more and to be dai'ker than those inhabiting the uplands. See also ibid.. No. 8, Mch. 17, p. 153, No. II, April 7, p.'226, and No. 13, April 21, p. 274. loSo. Migratory ifittail. By W. Hapgood. Ibid., Mch. 26, p. 166. — The recent attempt to stock the countiw with these birds declared to be a failure. For. & Strsam. XaIY ^ The Oologrist. 1610. T%vo Large Sets of ^uail Eggs. By j. V[an] D[enburghJ. Ibid., p. 156. — Callifefla californica in confinement. Jan. 1890 . p. Vi”. I3?i. Male Snail on the Nest. By T. E. Epes. Ibid., No. 2, Aug. 4, p 23 - ' For. & Stream, V0I.XZIX S 3 S. ■ '‘"is sS , lie. For. S' Stream. XAii 1253. iAlbino %iaflf Bj G.N Nouns. lbid.,lSo. 26, Dec. 27. p. , I C08. -joses'jcHn Field. 670. Game Birds inaiis an,. j Ibid., No. 19, p. 363- . For. 3 s Stream- Vol.XXi The Ooloffist 1622. Can Quails be Domesticated? By L[illie] I. C[onley] ’pp. 150-151. Auk, VII. Jan. 1890 . Ibid., - - , , . ,3 1 4 ^^^'■‘^-totheprecednigCNo. 863). F<„.*Stream. 642. ^tiail bred in Co 7 ifincment. Bj G. N. (Savannah, Ga.). Ibid., i No. II, p. 183. — Another successful attempt reported-ilfOr. & Str©ain. Vol. Xlill 880. Southern limit of ^uail and Grouse. By Robert Ridgway. Ibid., p. 243.- Relates to No. 878, in which reference is made to the sup- V, posed occurrence of OrtyX virginiana and Bonasa umbella in Costa Rica. For. S; Stream. XXII 1323 . \^iiail Nesting in November.'^ By A. J. Ibid., No. 23, Dec. 5, p. 53S. — A nest with eleven fresh eggs found at High Point, N. C., November 16. [Sec also Ibid., No. 24, Dec. i3, p. q62.-> 1217. A ^iiail Inters its Mate. From the ‘Chicago Times Vol. XXIV, No. 10, Sept. S- p. 323.— A male Qi,iail, in co«finement, re- moves from the nest the body of its dead mate, buries it, and completes the task of incubation. .^idericaiU FielSi. 944. ^uail {^Breeding'] in Confinement. Ibid., p. 1S4. — Extract from llao-erstown, Md., ‘ News,’ detailing further successful attempts at rearing (juaii in captivity. For, & Btresim. XXZXX 546. Touvg Quails in March {at Mechanicsburg, Ohio']. By S. M.. j Harper, /ifi/. , XVII, No. 3. p. 52. Field, 230. Deaih of Mr. Willis’s ^nail. XIX, No. 18, p. 345, Nov. 30. 1882. —Note from Mr. John J. Willis, of Westfield, N. J., announcing the death of his domesticated Qyiail {Oytyx virginiana] with an autop- tical report on the dead birds by the editor [G. B. Grinnell]. (See above. No. 220.) For a further note on the same subject see Ibid., No. 20, p. 384, Dec. 14, 1882. For. ^ stream. 149. Breeding ^uatl m Confinement (title covering a communication by Dr. Bradley Hull, and two pseudonymous ones. Ibid., XV. p. 166. Accounts of attempts to raise Qyiails in confinement. See also Tame ' ^uaii, Ibid., XV, p. 1S6. For. StreoXB 1 1220. {A Snail on a Church Steefle.] tty ijeorgc ix. , No. 13, Sept. 26, p. 296. Amsnoaa Field. XXXV XXIV Ibid., 12S6. The Strange Adventures of a Boh White. By John A. Wells, M. D. Ibid., No. 26, Dec. 24, p. 609. — An exceedingly interesting history of a Qyiail, which, capturedand confined after it was fully grown, learned not only to recognize its master and dog captor, but even to evince a de- cided alfectibn for both. — F. M. C. Field. XXVIXjl 220. Breeding ^uail in Co 7 ifinement. By John J. Willis, , XIX, qj Nos. 9 and lo, pp. 164, 165, 185, 186, Sept. 28 and Oct. 5, 1882. — Account 0 ^ ^ of successful attempts at breeding Ortyx virginiana in confinement, copied from Westfield, N. J., “Monitor.” Ss 1215. ^iiail^ Partridge^ Grouse. By Julius P. de Conine- Ibid., No. 23, June 6, p. 536. — On their correct vernacular nameaSjcaexioan Field, XXIU 941. Domesticati 7 ig ^uail. By J. B. B. Ibid., p. 164. — Success- ful attempts detailed. 151. More ^uail Bred in Confinement. By B. F. Concklin. Ibid.., XV, p. 206. — Eggs hatched under bantam hens, and thfe young successfully reared. For. & stream 74. 'rhe Migratory ^uaiL Ibid.., XIII, p. 927- — This title covers five letters relating to the introduction of this species to different localities. Mr. Horace P. Tobey notes the probable return of coveys of this species to North Falmouth, Mass., after a winter’s sojourn at the South. FOf. & Stream 136S. A September Brood of % 4 ail. By Alfred A. Fraser. Ibid., | No. II. Oct. 6. p. 20 i;.— New ly hatched Quail on Long Island, Sept. 14. & stream, U/Ai/A^o^^'vc&. . . — yUrlZl ^>0 . Por/>rQam, Voi* SflL , / 72 */ • Cjouf^iUL . /3*j ITD^ U/i ^ ^ Hmj, /6' jy. 3 X 3 ; Szc./ 3 , /- ^or/ xo — - /3c 7 4/0 tCTt d ^ u 1203. 956. T/ie Migratory ^uail. By G. M. S. Ibid., p. 385. Biids turned out near Springfield, Mass., ‘ two years ago,’ have reared young and are still there, and there ‘to stay.’ Fc.-‘h & Caging ^iiaih. By A. Scherer. Ibid., No. 3, Jan. 10, p. 32- .afflie?lc«,n Fiel^, XXIII 1882.^ ^uail in Packs. By Edmund Orgill. Ibid. , p. ia.^- ~ Colinns virginicnius. 5 'or, &Stream, Vola 34 . yvum^iz. 1102. ^uail in Confinement. Bv W. and Jno. H. Osborne. Ibid Aug. 6, p. 25. For. ife Stream, XXV fo^S R- T. C. Ibid. , XX , No. 1 3 298 .-round to be twenty-one days. American Fi©id, IfX. 1874. ^Ob White in Town. Rv F w t- a_«.i 635. Breeding ^uail in Confine 7 ne 7 it. By John J. Willis. Ibid., Voi. XXI, No. 5, p. 84. — Successful attempts reported. ife Streaxfl# ’Vol.ISXI -. ^ ».w enui. . ^ or. &Btream, Vol. 38 *-ioX . /3 . 1863. bage. VOI, 88 ,^<7./. v?V. Foodof^uail. ByC. T. /T'A/., p. 27. — Seeds of skunk cab- T, astrsam. va, 34 , sc . 548. The Migratory Quails. By Everett Smith. Ibid., XVII. No. 8, p; 132, Feb. 18, 1882. — On their introduction into Maine. Aina ^.. ffleld, 863. Ortyx Virginianns in Arizona. Ibid.,p. 104.— Short extract from Tucson ‘Weekly Citizen.’ For- Ss Btream. XXII 1358. Confiding ^uail. By Walter B. Savary.^ Ibid., No. 6, Sept. I, p.' 105. For, & Stream. Vol.XSlI.^ 'v ’ 91S. Domesticating ^uail. By J. B. B. ,506.— Experiments with Ortyx virginiana. FOV, & Stream. 1930. ^uail Invadhig^ Domestic Fowls' Nests. Ibid., July 3, p. 470. — From the ‘Ashtabula Sentinel.’ For, &Str©aiu^ Yoa* 34 c b. f,. / 2. 3 . iSoi. -^uatl in Dixie. By Geo II Wi’i n-j m f**—’- .S54. B Y , Note on the Name Colinus. — Dr. Stejneger has recently called my attention to the use of the name Colinus by Goldfuss, whose refer- ence has several years’ priority over that of Lesson. The proper citation for this genus would appear to be : Goldfuss, Handbuch der Zoologie,^ II, 1820, 220; the type is mexicana, CjAVot de la Louisiana, PI. 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' ■ ^ a.-; s ‘ i ' ; i-i uu e t ^ a , ia4*a. iuA.. \o. y~ c:2^ y^^gZ^€y/c yg^ >^5^, /s2> ^yty^yCg^ ^^gZy^ yi^g:^^■€g:!^^^y' g2> " ^ 43^i^^^gyeg^ .ygy^yC ^ 7^ yi^^gg ^ / ^ yg^-igy^ty^^ y,£/S^^^^^g^y ^ ygytyf y:^ytytyCg^ ^/i::gcey/^^^ /lyi^i^g^^ y^Cf^ yy'^^^Oy^, /'^yy^ /^[giCyCyC/y y3^^^'2y^a^ yi^^^yC' ^ ^J^Zygyg<£ g^y^ y^yggg^ y^^^yg^UgZ-€^ ^y^ .^yU^^ yg^g^:^ y^aggifi^ Cy^ g3yi^%>^g^^gi^ gg2^ ^^gygfgg^ yi^^^yg^rz:^ yy^Sg^-Ot/Hg nf '..'ouic'cl from Journal. Ma^sai husctts. 189a. ’z€^ y4!^ /Tzi:^ y/z^S^z4^, j^^g>^^4z4ifz4y' /^^42Z7^ gi3z44Z^€^ J^g2i(<4y7^Ziy t^ty/^ /2yi^ .^y7yt44i^z4i^!^ ;;z=^gygfr^^ ygy^ y^!!y^4^ ^^'Z'CTy y7>7^^^ /2U-Z42^<^ ^gyu^y /z>^£^ ^^/^ZSZyC^ yyZ^g<£y y^zg^LgJ yyg42€z:^y^ iZyg^'X^ yyg^Z^Z^y^Z^ y^Z4Z^^^ /Tgy/^ ^ yZyg^/^ z:^^^zz^ ^ zf4y^^^:ggzz>7:^ ^y^is:zzza^ ^V (J^ /iZzHy^ygz^ y^^ y34f7^ iz>y zyz-J/ggy^y^/!:^:^^ z:i'gygi^y giT^^yZZg^ggZg'^t^zy^^^zZytiy^:^^ --g^^yg^Z^y/yzy ^^'74ygy'y>^ . /P^ yfyg^i-zyg^oes zT^^yy^y^zy^ Z^yZ^Z^Cy^ iTizzz ZL ^ U1 Copied from Jou yiaHaat: nuaetr^s , >892. <^A J/ ^ /Qxf /i4/^ ,.-a^>i!f ,7^ yyyy yhi:^ yf'^. / /^^>yZ^^cyZ^ ,yyc.yiZ y^yzf ^yy^/z^ '-^Z yy ^yyyy^ y^yyy^ 'y*yy^ y>yy^3:yy^ yiyy^ /7 \yfny. s yyy^eyy^ /yyy y^Z^ yyy^y^ y^yyy^ -Z^yy^ ^yZ^ziyy^ yiyy^ /TyyTy^^ yyZ^T-y^^ yZyy^zf yiy yy^^Wzyyyyy y^ ^yy*y<^y^^y^ yyyyy^y^yifyyy yy/^yy ^^^yyyy^/yyziy'y y7'y>^t:y^7' t^(P-yz. yyyi7^- ij . V _______ ^ / ^^y*yL*. V FClc. CX^ /f^Xxdd. 'V^ CdLX^^^iV.^ ^tmT jfkJn_j4/9 a^n^ yj , — . ^*V*-i/c-#-v, ^Xvt u^ivc,¥L--c (y< 6<^ ^ sz(Zi^ /'^t-t, *^-^ &<u<^-<,liri.^ C(Uaj^ ^A,Z-Z~ p w4Jtv 0-t , 7>i-y c^aL y « — , ^ .-tT^ •-? 4*- V {j—S-'U--Z^ - /2-J / ^ ^ s -Zf '"Py? cc/y/Q, » c.aixcA~ , f yP-K. t . 9 ’^-Zy:yvizjL ^ (K ^ c-^ OiU LAA CXr— <_f- y'Z 7 ^-‘ 2 -'X. ^ , ^k 3 r><*.AJ|Aji^ ^ Cvv. C^Xf^ AA'v»..**iA/.^ C^Cwi y C,4\il - C-^v-sT cxtUA-^ CKaM~' ( 5 ^ Cv 5 CXX^ ^ o^ i^O-^AxwA. (,«v»XAA»«6t , ^vvJ 5A/«aw>-^*-'— f ^-iwV - V - V ' V , ^Ax*^ . ^ _ V ' V , CajUL V • CvxJ ^A/iaw>"^*-^*-j ^ ^ / ^Ax* a ' \. -V ~V tAr(L>4 fcAC IAj\j IaJ^^>»n^ , Co-xx^^^Xi^ lAj t-Xf-m^t/xJ yvs s. ©AA«X ti 6 k- •^^t'aaa. cLjo^^ ca>> — »A- , <5 A-flUJv Aa;»-*“aL 'XXXax ^AA^A^rfAi^^JU ( 7 ^ t>VA>M ^ cLxxX^ ''~lXxKA-j xZ_^ ajujiv^ u/i»-'-* 4 ^ 0 A-a*>. c(xj,iXx ^*jX, , Bonasa mbellus. 1892. Mass . Oct. 2. _G onooxd . - At Ball' s Hill yesterday I saw where a Fox had hilled A a Partridge and eaten it. To-day I examined the remains care- fully. There was a pile of intestines and the stomach, one foot ^ and leg, and the terminal end of one wing with the primaries ” dryimmer ” I attached, besides , of course, a great heap of feathers. All these lay in a heap within two feet of a stone wall. Nearly above the spot, on the tor; of the wall, was a pile of Partridge excrement. This I think was where the bird had been in the habit of drum- ming^ for its tail feathers and large ruffs indicated clearly that it was an old male. There were no feathers or other re- mains anywhere outside of a circle of two feet or less in diam- eter and this confirmed me that the bird had been caught and killed on the spot where its feathers lay. How could the Fox have surprised so wary a creature? I could think of only two possible ways; one that he crept up behind the wall and sprang over it upon the bird perhaps while it was asleep; the * other, (and this I consider the more probable hypothesis) that he lay crouched on the top of the wall watching for something to come along and that the Partridge rambled unwittingly within reach perhaps m'aklng'.fornitscdrujEJiing stone of the presence and mean- ing of which the Pox may have been aware before he took up his position there. There was no undergrowth about the spot but the ground was covered with a deep mat of old leaves. I /S^ 3 . ) Yn* •ur^\ Vj'v "i-v* (%jiZi^ c(/^^.y #v^ Ha kS- ‘^iA^ y tV'-^-A-KAj ^ *V'‘A-\, ••>^^ */tAr--AiH^ ^ i\^^4of 'Vvv^ ^. 4 £.^v ^ A- ^HT kxAt Mss wi,^N*4. /.*4L » ^ t> A ff**JiA piM^CiSf.,,^^ ti^ijLji^ ^ «vMt..v 4 fc^ y ^ (^>x. 5 ^ CtV 'V .> C^I v^ - C ^ Ja, , '^^-v ./ t'( f- ^ * t /SC>v 1 * ■ -V ^ /I ^ / ix il\.jc^--H / ■- ^ - vk^fi^Vrd, Mass# A. >,'^T'il-, .i ^ • IG'^Hk lit . 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A<*i\ V. 7 '■ V V , kill. „ *> fe V { « * , . i t\ ^ >» #u •• ../ Ak leord, Mass. t,a.ff lass. ^ 1-^ i' ^'^ ^ ^ r.4s / 4eu2A ^ 4^ ydJt 4 >»v«4LJy .«»bfc, •^tjsr X %JtdjUU y fic^ ^ ^ ^ ^T" G KtjSc 4^^>xJv ~255x j>y(AA,A^ df ^4 4 p mT" ^^^4^ gy^ M^^4c, •"w-^ ' *''-.-1-6.^ >(" K 1 m.w «.v--C J ttuuT fcX •vu# A. e#«A. 4r 4uJia^ wc. «w5r^ Titv 40^ /r Xa-v^ Xsa/v^C ^ 4l^lC I 4 « lAi^C W1M oU-.NfitUf 4^'f ,, )l J13 /lx> /^f'S . h^U hi o-^ 3 ) Ci/^j^ 'O A-^^v ^K,yC^r'^J ^^\a> t.^^ C^AK\^AArir^ J ^ tWt-vW./v^-l (A f^A/-^ V3f\Ar\^ (K^ Au/k if'~^ IrXAXXX. ^ ^ Jy^*XX7 VlK^X 3 A-».^ C^j-vA,^ V o.,^w<4 ' 7.0 pAyi , S'o-eA^ 3 tviAA^ ^ ^w C. ^aX' A.At^A4t^ S ^^^An^ fX^. l^A^Clv^Zy ^^/Vl 2jX\ ^ Caa^^^v. , •t- IAA^ / ^ L-lTvx^Cr , C^'^ i^tLX) Cw^xKj cmxXI^ txyM^ ^^aaaai tvrAA-t4\. *^- 0^4r^-^/^ Wvv Vwna- , £^ ^Iw CI^-'~^<-x_^''^^"'^ lAyv-vx^A A, ^irv\>-v/v. ^r^r'^-v ^Oxa/Ao ^ ^ ^lxAyvAAAA^> -e/. ^A<>~? ^-xtKA^ ^ ^vwvj ojft-^^v^ /t3 ^ y A/y . JxAX7 ^ f-Xv^^J IAAA'-(, ^ Xaxv/V^ /vA/-w%^ ^\.^\y\_ /XA^v^ j — ^''\J\A, ^AAxXtvX' lA"i^\ ^^\A- ^ V HjL-IXA^ ^^W- ^>/vtAy-VAr.A,^^ VV-~y ^OA/v-y /iv^ ^^X/1 7 VwA/Iv-^-w-v^O ^^A-aX-a^ ^Av\, G>^>wv'^^ y ^ ^ X/? . ^C^^wo '~T^^ Ma.*^ V ^ , tAx^ > Jkj^ f^O^XKX ^'jXXT (Tv,. i^TwCj ^ t<.jL^ A ^ 0^7X7 , <7^^W ^5iw> A*-A AjU/^ AaA Vv^ <5^#X^^ , K-aA/C«-v>A-tA \ V'vA^ C«rvv?y\A^»,A,^..-\>~^ •'Vw^X^ (yLir^ -7 yAv 0X7 #La_/>_ ^ My S^.h y ^Va t/7 IOtK TAiJXXa IanA l/KylA i\ZX^ (XjX) OyX^LA. V *y A a ^X (L^ciXXvNyf^ W''A>\. 'H-w^ao aAv*X\, H'M'ACv ^?vx y.JX Xx ^ ^Lyi^^viTT-^ . yAXX. i'VXA f\J^X y^/yXiL dZ' dJ\^^ /iS V ^t>'.r\A AiZZ-j/is. AyVv^(^^ ^Z^. j <^~a. Xv>-aV 7 o 3 i'>V\/.x^ J y^TXy 0?vfl^X), ^ yTtW A^k (L^yi tA^T UAX^y a Ti'^L SH^ fk. 33 cL M< aT t*^^ ^■A^WV fh. '^V-v-O-w IVv^ ^ -CaJ-^^X ■ 4/X/>a-Aj "Ia/T^XC^jX ~^i/\XzA AC\^ ^yX^xL (!''A„fwN^-T_xX ^^Vv ^1 'ICn;, AA^r./^^' ^ ^ ;zsp Sonasa uKoellus Concord, l.Iass. 1894. Oot.ll to ]^ov.21 . 1895. Oct . 6 , Partridges were scarce through Sept, and Oct., so scarce, indeed, that Melvin on Oct .20th hunted all day in Carlisle with a good dog without starting a single bird. Early in Nov. they began to increase in numbers rapidly and by the end of that month they became fully as numerous as they were last year. Arthur Robbins hilled nine in one day about Ho v. 25th and after this date rarely failed to start from thirty to forty in a day's tremp. He, as ’well as all. the other sports- men whom I have seen, report that the birds have been unusual- ly shy this year. In the Ball' Hill region I have noticed no change in the ntffiiber of Partridges as the season advanced. They were very shy. In the afternoon I v;alhed to Bateman's Pond. I started three Partridges. One flew from the branches of a leafy oah directly over the woodpath as I 'was returning half an hour after sunset. It was so dark at the time that I could not see the path distinctly and I think the bird had gone to roost. It called quet-quet-quet-quet-auet in low, hurried tones just before taking wing. Bonasa ’uinljellus. . Concord, 1895. Oct. 15. llass . A Partridge, on Holden's Hill, on rising uttered a lov;, rolling, raurmuring, whistling sound evidently vocal. This note, which I have heard countless times before but never considered carefully until now, is perfectly distinctly from the hurried, metallic ciuet.-,fluei-mi 2 t which is also a common flight note. The former cry is, I thinh, usually given wnen the bird is not much. alarmed and when it is about to tahe a short flight. The auet is oftenest uttered just before the bird tahes wing but is frequently continued d\iring the first few rods that the bird advances after leaving the ground or tree. The guet call indicates vinusual alarm and is oftenest given when the bird is surprised. Bonasa mabellus . Gonoord, Ivlass. 1897. Last year the Partridges drui^jmed regularly through April April. in my v/oods, over on a small barhless log at the north end of Davis’s Swamp, another on an old stump on the north side of the Blahemore Ridge, the third on the stone wall bordering Holden's meadow just north of the eastern extremity of Ball's Hill. I have seen a coch bird in the last-named locality al- most daily this season but have heard no drumming there. Both of the other stations have been occupied but at no time has the bird druimr.ed at all regularly or frequently. I have heard only these two dmmmers and doubt if there have been any others. On April 29th, as Faxon and I were crossing Davis's Swamp by the little used foot path a hen Partridge rose a few yards ahead and flew strongly off whirring loudly. On going to the place we found a nest built on the top of a moimd between the stout upright stems of a large blueberry bush. There were ! five eggs all covered so carefully with leaves that not one could be seen until I moved the leaves aside with a stich. This nest was in the swamp itself (an unusual situation) but j not over 30 yards from the spot on the crest of the swamp I ridge where I found and photographed a nest with 9 eggs two i 1 I years ago. I have no doubt it belongs to the same bird. It i 1 I is over 200 yards from the drumming log. /I) Bonasa vunbellu s . j Ball ' s 1897. Apr . 29 Hill, Concord, Mass. This morning we (W.Paxon and I ) heard two Partridges . drnimning and in Davis's swamp found a nest with 5 eggs. The bird rose directly from the nest at a distance of a gew yards. The eggs were so completely covered with leaves that not one of them could be seen until there covering was disturbed. The nest was on a mound in the middle of a cluster of tall blueberry bushes. «Amm_ (U^ — ^ i 7 '^- Bonasa uabellus . Ball's Hill, Concord, Mass. 1397. As Williara Brewster and I arrived at Ball's Hill, after June 22. om-* rov/ down the river, wg turned in to the landing abd walked up to the cabin. Here we enjoved an interesting spectacle. A Partridge with her covey of young had taken up her position close by in the grove of oaks not more than 6 or 3 feet from the left-hand front corner of the cabin, and were close upon her ere she -was aware. She uttered her v^histle of alafm and immediately the young, which were about the size of Robins beat a hasty retreat, some running, some flying. The old bird at first disappeared behind the cabin, still whistling her warning. As we ran her to watch her movements, she suddenly turned about and, with extended ruff and wide-spread wings, sne came to within about four feet of us, before she turned and in stumbling flight disappeared up the slope. l/Yalter Deane. Bonasa utnlaellus Concord, Fiass. 1897. Spelman and I v/ere out nearly the whole forenoon tahing Nov. 10. a long tramp, We started three Partridges, ky^x One of the Partridges was singularly tame. We heard it chichering among soriK3 alders near the edge of Holden's meadow and soon afterwards saw it walking slowly along shaking its ruffs ( it was a very large and fine cock) and jerking its head and neck forv;ard and down at each step in such a way as to malce it ap- i pear lame. Apparently it did not like to fly hecause we were I ! in the opening betvTOen it and the -woods but at length it ; started out over the meadow and doubled back across the open- I * ing 40 yards or so in advance of where we -were standing. Soo'n after dinner I flushed two Partridges together on I the knoll above this opening. One, a large cock and doubtless the same bird seen this forenoon, flew up into a pine and when approached took a second flight of only a fe-w yards and a- lighted again on a dead branch within plain sight £xnd scarce thirty yards from us. i I One of the Partridges seen in l»Irs .Barret ' s woods this I morning was also very tame rising frora some bushes along a I I wall and attempting to alight on the top of a stake after fly- I I j ing only a few yards but changing its mind it sped on into some dense woods. Bon as a \:u'aljollus Somerville, li^ss. 1897. NOV. 18. " On Thursday, Nov.lSth, 1897, 10 A.M. , my ■Ruffed CJrouse on the fence betv/een my house and The bird sat there for a moment or two and then to Norton's Grove about 150 feet away. This is From a letter by William E.Wall, 14 Morgan ville, Mass., dated Jan. 22, 1898. wife saw a my neighbor's, flew over in- authentic. " St . , Somer- I I I i t # j i Bonasa uinbellus . Concord, I^Iass. 1898. I fear that Partridges will he scarce iii my woods this March 17. spring. Thus far I have not seen a single bird. Behsen and Pat say that a large Hawh, which has been about all winter and which, from their description, must be a Red-tail, has hilled all the birds. It is probably the old, old story - aui inno- cent and useful "Hen Kawh" hunting the open meadows in pur- suit of mice and conspicuous because of his habit of perching in isolated trees and a sneaking Goshawk keex>ing among the dense pines and picking off the Partridges one after another as they carae out into the little s\inny openings. It is cer- tain that dither a Hawk or an Owl killed the Partridge whose feathers I saw yesterday for I found ckalky white excrement under the tree and the feathers had all been nulled out not bitten off as would have been the case had a Fox been the marauder. One fact, however, leads me to suspect that it was the work of Owl viz. that the Partridge was killed either on or directly under her roost for the ground linder the dense young pines where the feathers lay was thickly strewn with Partridge excrement. Bonasa uiabe Concord, I'lass. Nest and eggs. 1S98, in the latter i>art of the forenoon Bartlett and I found 7. a Partridge's nest with thirteen deep huff-colored eggs. It 'ras in Irs .Bartlett ' s woods, only a few rods hack from the old apple orchard, within two or three yards of a dimly raarhed foot path, and beautifully concealed under a matted platform of brohen-down bushes which, although leafless, voere so dense that the eggs could not be seen from above. Two of the eggs wore placed on the to'ps 05 ^ the others. The bird left the nest v'hen we were about ten yards away and w’ithout flying made off with a peculiar crouching gait - a sort of rapid crawling mo- tion - crouching very low, trailing her wings, and uttering a cont incus gruff whining sound - in short behaving as a hen Partridge invariably does v/hen surprised with a brood of young but as I have never before seen one behave when leaving a nest with eggs. She was in sight for thirty yards or more for the cover was not at all dense being sparse, scrubby sprout growth with no evergreens. The eggs did not looh to be incubated. Purdie and I passed along this 'path on April 50th. i i Concord, 1398. lay 14. Ik'Iay 18 . Llay 22. Bonasa uiabellus . Ilaas. Nest and eggs. The Partridge's nest in Ivlrs. Barrett ' s vfoods was all right v/ith its oompliraent of IS eggs this morning. The hen oird was were sitting. She slipped off when we^ about ten yards distant and ran out of sight mahing, however, no peculiar demonstration. I exposfid a nvanber of plates on the nest. (A wall; this morning with W. Deane). The Partridge's nest was also safe with its thirteen eggs. One of them, however, lay on the ground several inches from the nest. I thinK. it must have been rolled out by the bird who started and ran off after her usual fashion but without maXiug her usual whining. This morning the Partridge was still sitting on her IS eggs in the Barrett woods. Bonasa mbellus. Barrett's Woods, Concord, I^^ss. 1898. I visited the Partridge's nest about 12.15 to-day and May 24. was within three yards of it when, rising suddenly, she darted through the bushes head direotly forward, and reeling from side to side, took the same direction that she did on the day when }.Ir. Brewster took some photographs of the nest. I looked into it and found the eggs unhatched and apparently in the same position as before. May 25. I visited the nest again to-day in a drenching rain- storm. When I had got within five or six rods of it I began to pick my way to make my approach less noticeable to the bird, thinking that I might get nearer than I did yesterday before she left the nest. The plan worked well as I thought, but on getting within two or three feet of the nest and look- ing into it I found that i, great change had taken place. Instead of the thirteen eggs which I expected to see I found thirteen shells, twelve in the nest and one outside, either knocked or dragged out by the birds. I rather think it was dragged out as it lay in the same direction that the old bird took when she left the nest. The shells all lay together, some of them being telescoped and fitting one into the other. The birds were evidently hatched between yesterday the 24th at 12.15 in the afternoon and 11 o'clock this morning. Gilbert . /3f Bonasa vanoellus Concord, 1893. June 10. June 21. June 24. llass. • Hen and young. In the. cluster of bushes just behind Ball's Hill we (Miss M. and Miss A. Keyes .and I ) stiaabled oxi a hen Partridge v;ith a brood of young which were of about the sise of newly-hatched chickens. They scattered in every direction some rvmning, others flying, all peeping in shrill feeble tones. The moth- er meanwhile went through the usual performance. Her piteous whining seemed to me to be almost exactly like that of a cold and hungry puppy and both of my companions agreed that tliey should never have suspected that the sound was made by a bird. I was surprised to hear two Partridges drumming at short’ regular intervals, one on the stone wall at the east end of Ball's Hill, the other at the station at the north end of Davis's swamp (this evening). I do not quite understand why they should have started druimning again so late ixx the season for the Ball's Hill bird, at least, has a brood of several yoxing several weeks old. As I vxas returning through Prescott's pines this morning I came upon a hen Partridge which ran on ahead of me showing herself conspicuously but making no vocal sound or other pecu- liar demonstration. I followed her some distamce into the brush without succeedixxg in flushing her and finally decided that she must have injured one of her wings so that she could not fly. But a few minutes later, as I was watching a Painted Bona sa umbel lu s Concord, Mass. 1898. Tortoise diggiiiS a hole for its eggs, I heard young Partridges June 84. (Ho. 2). uttering their feeble chirping ( tzee-tzee- e-e,) from various parts of the bdar oah thicket where I had first seen the old bird, and presently she began answering them with a low, hen- like cror-cror-cror (always just three notes). As I could easily tell by these calls and answers the young quickly re- joined their mother when the sounds all ceased. There can be little doubt, I think, that this particular hen Partridge had learned by experience that the old-estab- lished trick of t-umbling about on the ground with beating wings and loud whining cries did not always deceive men who are accustomed to the woods. In its place she had hit upon a simpler, yet really cleverer, ruse by which I was completely deceived. Oct .4. I I I Oct. 7. ! i i I I \ i I I A Partridge drumming at short, regular intervals on the stone wall at the E.end of the hill at 2 P.M. ?;hile going through the small piece of pine and oak woods on the Y/est Bedford shore opposite the cabin this forenoon I heard a Partridge drum a dozen times or more. Gilbert and Mc- Grath 'were with me and we were talking and trampling noisily through the brush but we went entirely round the bird within 50 yards or less without silencing him. Finally I went di- rectly to the spot whence the sound came and flushed him. Bonasa lanbellus . Concord, 1898. Oct. 7. (No. 2). Oct ,18. Mass, His driiiamina place v/as unlike any I have seen before on per- fectly level ground but on the very edge of an old sand bard: overgrown vrith bushes. The ground on the edge of the bank over a space about a foot square was worn smooth and hard but there was no excrement or feathers. Probably this is not a station that has been much used. As I V7as returning to the river just before sunset (from the Barrett farm) I came upon a Partridge in a wild apple tree in an opening among some pines. When I first saw him he was standing motionless on a dead branch with his neck and body in line the neck appearing as long as the body. ^ I stopped Instantly hoping that he had. not discovered me. Presently he began to walk along the branch spreading his tail and erecting and twitching his ruffs at every step. Walking along the branches and hoi^ping from one to another he went directly through the main body of the tree top (which was dense and bushy) and after I had lost sight of him I heard him fly. He was a very large and old cock bird. Probably he was budding before I disturbed him, I wish I could have seen him at it but as it was I saw something new to me for his manner of moving among the brahches was unlike anyiifeethlxig I have ever before witnessed. Bonasa iimbellus . Concord, 1898 , Nov, 9. i!ass. Eating Mushrooms, Went to the Barrett farra in the afternoon, A Partridge v/as drvuimiing there at short, regular intervals on the stone wall in the run. Either this bird or another “dusts" almost habit daily in an ant-hill near the wall. It is a oommon^of the Partridge to resort to ant-hills for this purpose probably because they afford almost the only clean, dry dirt that can be found in the leaf-carpeted woods. Gilbert saw a Partridge eating a mushroom yesterday and broiight in the fragment. It plainly showed the marks of the bird's bill but unfortunately it was so mutilated that Miss Hosmer to whom Miss Keyes took it for identification was only able to say that it viras one of the edible kinds f "^Another and better specimen, afterwards obtained by Gilbert in the same place and considered both by him and by Miss Hosmer to be unquestionably the same species, was identified by Miss Hosmer "at a meeting in Boston" as Collybea maculata . an edible and "most delicious" kind of mushroom. Eonasa PeterEorousli, Hampshire . 1S9S. I started an old coch Partridge, July 11th, and heard July 5 another druimaing at short, regular intervals just hefore sun- to Aug. 15. set on the evening of August Snd. A local sportsman tells lie that it is by no means unusual to start fifty or even sev- enty-five birds in a single day in autumn. lUliether the form found here is lunbellus or toKata I have, at present, no mea::s of determining. Bonasa uiubellus . Concord, Mass. 1899. Partridges liave more than one drirniming place. April 24. A Partridge was dr'aiffi:iing this afternoon in the Barrett run and another in Pr’escott's pines near the road to the Green Field, both on stone walls. Gilbert heard a third in the Blahemore woods, I thinh that the bird in the Prescott's pines was the same that 1 heard yesterday at the north end of Davis's swamp (where the driomming stand is a small log) and I also believe that the Blahemore bird is the one we hear so frequently at the east end of Ball's Hill. In other words I thinh that each bird has two drimoming stations. r ilest with 12 eggs. I found a Partridge's nest v/ith 12 fresh loohing eggs in May S. a patch of Huchleberry Bushes under a Red Pine on the north edge of the Barrett Run about 50 yards from the drumming v/all and 40 yards from the site of the nest vj-ith 13 eggs which I photographed last year. vYe were thinning out birches and Mr. Libby cut dovm a large one that stood within 15 feet of the nest. As it fell the Partridge rose flyiiig slowly almost lihe a Rail. The tree fell within a yard of the nest. We had been talking and cutting other trees close about the spot. May Ist I flushed a pair of Partridges within 60 yards of this nest. They rose together within four feet of one anoth- er. I started a male this morning about 100 yards from the Bonasa lunbellus . Concord, 1S99. lilay G , ( 2 ). Liiy 10. i I i j i i Ivlay 13. Llass. nest. I have not heard a Partridt,e drum since April 2Sth al- though I have been in their haunts daily and at all hours. Nest with 12 eggs. Visited the Partrisge's nest in the Barrett Run and found it all right v;ith no additional eggs. The bird rose at ten yards distance, flew about 10 feet (she had to fly to get clear of the huckleberry bushes ) then dro'pped to the ground and ran until out of sight crossing several spaces and moving in a crouching position with her head close to the ground. This behavior was so. nearly sirnilar to that of the bird that had the nest with 13 eggs last seasoii that I am satisfied they are one and the same individual. As I vras crossing the opening beyond the s’wamp (near Bail's Hill) I saw a hen Partridge perched on a little moiuid under a pine in a crouching p>osition. The ground over a space of several yards around the mound was as smooth and open as a well swept floor. I was less than twointy-f ive f(Kvt away and the bird must have seen me as I approached. She did not move until I stopT>ed and put the glass on her when she began walk- ing slowly off making the squirrel-like chickering sound and when she got behind a tree she flew. I saw a cock Partridge a few days ago do nearly the same the same thing but he was standing rather erect and as still as a statue in an openir^. A Concord, Llass. 1899. Iviay 13. ( 2 ). Liay 21 . Lay 22 . Bonasa mabellus . In both instances the bird was only a few yards irrom dense bushes . Still druriEuins. The Ball's Hill Partridge V7as again driiimaing all day long on his stoxae vxall and I heard the Davis Swacip bird drumiaixig steadily late in the afternoon, wliat has started them up again? Is it the cool bracing weather or have their nests beexi destroyed? Nest apparently robbed. To the Barrett farra in the afternoon. Visited the Par- tridge's nest and found the bird absent and all the eggs gone. Ho shells in or near the nest and no feathers or trace of any struggle. It loohs as if some person had robbed the nest. The male Partridge was drumixiing on the stone wall hard by axid I heard the Ball's Hill and Davis Swamp birds drumming also. As all tliree have been silent for a long time I cannot under- stand tliis sudden revival of the druiimiing uxiless all have lost their eggs. Birds Of Upper St. John, Ba.tch.eid.er, gi. Bouasa umbellus {Linn.) Stepk. Ruffed Grouse. — Rather coimnon at Fort Fairfield. At Grand Falls only a few were seen— in the hard woods;. BuLU N.O.O, 7, July, 1882. P.15I Birds within Ten Miles of Point ' deMonts. Can, Comeau&Merriam 78. Bonasa umbella. Ruffed Grouse. — A resident, like the last, but not common. This appears to be the northern limit of the Grouse on the east coast, and I was unable to find any evidence of its presence lower down along the north shore of the Gulf. Bull, N.O.O, 7 ,Oot, I882,p,238 ^ The numbers of the Ruffed Grouse have been seriously dimin- ished, but I notice that in those districts where they are most harrassed they have become exceedingly wary and cunning. I have also observed that among these birds the size of the brood has decreased, for instead of clutches of nine, ten, or a dozen, I now rarely find one-half that number. The Eskimos assert that during the period of incubation the Ptarmigan cease to give off any scent by which they can be traced ; and my experience leads me to think that our Ruffed Grouse possess the same peculiarity, else how could they so universally escape alike from furred and feathered foes, as they certainly do at this season. / rtainly do at this season. ^ 3 ■ ^ ^ jo • '3 ■ An Omithologiat’s Summer in Labrador M. AbbottFrazar, Bonasa umbellus. The “Birch Partridge” is a well recognized bird all along the Labrador coast up to the most easterly point I reached, but seems to he not as common as the preced- ing species. The nearest I came to olitainiug a specimen was seeing the tail of one tacked on tlie wall of a house at Esquimaux Point. It was of a very reddish brown color, very much more so than any I ever saw in Massachusetts or New Brunswick, or in any of the Boston markets. O.&O. XII. Mar. 1887. p. 35- Lutes of Birds ill Kings County, N.S. Watson L.Bieliop. 18, 10. June 6. O.&O. XIII.Mar. 1888 p.45 Ruffed Grouse.' Common, said to have been abundant betorc the fire. O.&O. XIII. June. 1888 p.94 On the 21st, I went up the line after Ruffed Grouse , found one nest with eight eggs, brought them home, put them under a hen; she ate two eggs; I wrung her neck, and that settled it. I wanted the young , to stuff. ./ June 2, 1889. It “never rains, but it pours,” hence, we smile again. After killing the blasted hen, mentioned in my last, (because I suspected on her part “fowl play ”), I found the two miss- ing Grouse eggs in tlie straw, and now have ' the original set of eig^it eggs complete. O.&O. 1889 p.fs STitumer Birds of Sudbury, Out* ;A.H.Alberfiter. g’dS. Ruffed Grouse. Abundant. Breeds.^ Oi &0, XV I June, 18S0, p.87 Ornithological Trip to St. Bruno, P.Q. May 25, 1885. B, D. Wintle, Montreal. Ruffed Grouse. Flushed one. O.&O. XI. May. 1888, p. yj SummerBesidents on Southwest Ooasto. Marne. T.H, Montgomery, Jr. ' j 300. Ruffed Grouse. Saw three or four at ' Boothbay, in the tliickets. O^andO. I6« Kov.1890, p.Wi Fal 1 Birds of Northern Maine. F. H. Carpenter. Ruffled Grouse {Boriosa umhellus). Only two seen, and one of those was minus a tail, pre- senting a queer spectacle. O.&O. XII.Nov.1887 p.188 j; also an Albino B uffed Grous e showing entire light plum- age, not pure white, but of a light cream color throughout. Harry Merrill has a specimen showing one or two white prima- ries, but this is the only perfect Albino I remember of being taken in this section. It is a male and its ruffs, although quite large are so near the shade of neck and back as to be scarcely discernable at first sight. It was taken at Danforth, Me., Nov. 10 . Summer Birds Tim Pond Me. by F. 11. C. Ruffed Grouse, (Bouum iimbellus). Common, and lacked the wildness of those of same species seen in the clearing. O.&O. XI. Feb. less. p. .2 j', Birds of Dead River Region, Me. F.H.O. 92. Bonasa ximiellus, (Ruffed Grouse). This species was very common about Tim and Seven Ponds, and equally indifferent to tlie presence of man as the preceding. My friend W. G. of Spring- field, Mass., attempted to hook one by the under mandable, from a flock sitting on a log by the camp spring. Reeling up his line until but five inches of leader hung from the tip of his rod, lie guided file barb under the beak of the wondering Grouse and struck in approved Waltonian style! His dainty nine ounce rod might be sufficient to bring to creel the finny trout, but not to bag tlie feathered Grouse. A whirr of wings and clicking of reel followed the strike and the valiant fisherman found himself “out” of three feet of “mist- colored” leader and a Scarlet Ibis fly, while his f2o hexagonal” w'ould not have brought as many cents at a Boston “uncle’s ” office. Friend G. now hunts Maine grouse with his 12-bore Parker. O.&O. XI. Deo. 1886. p. 178 IS(> Avr ^clZ3Z” ^ 1 Sh«lburiie,N. H. Aug. 8729 -I 865 . U. D. Eye Beach, N. 11.1866, J~ ^4V . ‘‘- O U.-AU46,.. Ry«B,.ch.N.H / : — '’^olfeboro,N.H. June. 18-1889.. •Winter Birds cf Weh8ber,N.H.'byT'alC0. tr Ruffed Grouse, (Bonam umbellm). O.&O.X.J^n.lSBS.p./^^^^ 3 *inor Bird* of Presidential Range, White Mte. A. P, Chadboume 3. Bonasa'umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — Extends from the country at the base of the range to the tree limit. A female and brood of young found in the stunted birches near the Half-way House (altitude, 3840 feet) on July 26, 1884; and another brood was seen near the timber line on Mt. Adams on Sept. 2, 1884. Strange to say, none were seen by any of the party in 18S6. 4 nki 4 . AlHil 1887 . p .103 Jo 1872. N.H. June 11-21 86. and June4-Aug. l,’87, •W.Fasof 2. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse.— C ommon. V. April, 1888 . p.lgi Birds Obevd. near Holderness, N.H June 4-12, ’85. and4-ll, *80, W. Faxon 3. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — Verj common. Auk, V. April, 1888. p.l49 Notes on Birds observed at Franco7iia and Bethlehem., N. Id., in Jttly and August, iSy 4 .* By J. A. Allen. I. Bonasa umbellus. Common. Auk, V. April, 1888 . p.l 63 Birds Ob*, at Bridgfewater, N. H. Julyl2-S©pt. 4. 1883. P.H. Allan Bonasa umbellus. — Common. ink. VI. J&B. , 1889. p. 70 Bird Notes, Central N.H. Winter *91-93 J. H. Johnson I Kufted Grouse, not plenty. 0.&O.Vol.l7,May 1892 p. 72 Birds ofBSIUboroOo. N.H. Jose 27. ’93 Artlitir M. Farmer, Amoskeag, N. H, Ruffed Grouse, very common. 0.*OVoL17, Sept.l8C3 p.l3a ^5t5f //W_ Kuffed I Grouse, o. 3:.Apr.IBe5.p.($^ Uw1 ' if s: ' If j /ffvuxo^c ut,Mu Jl'ip/. y'-^ 35. Mass. 1886, Winchendon, Mass. June, 1888 : ix^. ~ O' ^ - ' 7 ^- ' • ?Ov«.4a, imJULU^ Mass.- near Cambridge. l\iX(c ^ IX^. lf> Mass, {near Concord^. 1887 /ny 7-- 7^- -, Xf ic aa foT., 7! jc-^Xi~ 7 - Mass, {near Cambridge). 1887 mr. 5 - /V^ /m htiuM-) ddT. Mass, {jmar Cambridge) a. 0-1T-‘^'--»-'7~a^ /VyV Jl Cc CArl<^<^^ '>fcz ,4 c, / ' '*' X W. Middlesex Co. Mass. Jane 25 - 30 . i 88 o. Ashby, ?1t ' %tatic , Signs of species such a; feathers, droppings and so forth were found at various places in the woods^near the summit of Mt Watatic to the lower valleys, but only tv/o or three birds were seen. On June 28th hr. i« ! . r aa i or r iheard a male drumming, and I started a female v/hich was accompanied by a single young bird about as large as a Kobin. S. W. Denton. Jptc^ / ‘r. u :/yTr/~ i%odie^ ^ a :^UiuuLe.>cA ^ O-- .''i^Y2r2' t, / n / /? .i-K ^ _ y/ "jS' O (Xtn^ £l ^yl/cv /J ^ Ir 2-0 oUX . ^ ^ M^-yi¥, ' 0 t 3*.«V. ^ ^ aA3tU.'^/M Wvw /iMtA^ Ua T^. ^.A^^vt-vvw Tj f/, 1. /Ifft ^ x,«:u dx ^ ^ wv- um. ^ . U ...W e..Ut 0^ J t , ; 57“ rr So /^, A -r.A« 7 ^ r ^ ^ y ,, - ''hi-- «*!j^ • ,r^ ^ vUTS-iv ibJr y..^.ro. afc /-a:at-' TTIIa. VA.A. SK/W tp-^^ /..MX- Z^- ^ 1^7 O.&o. Vlll. Apr.lB83.p. Ruffed Grouse. — Last Summer I was riding through a rather low, swampy place, when I heard something clucking in the bushes. I went toward the bushes, when a Ruffed Grouse or Partridge ran past me, making her peculiar call to her chicks. I went on a little farther, and saw, coming i towards me, nine or ten chicks, apparently just hatched. I stooped and put down my hand when one of the little fellows ran right into it. I carried it to the carriage to show to my companion, and when I went back I •' could have caught the whole brood in the same way, as they made no attempt to hide. — T. Mills Clark, Southampton, Mass. Birds of Bristol County, Mass, F. W. Andros. Bonasa umhellus (Linn.), Ruffed Grouse. Resident, common. Breeds. 0,&0. XII. Sent. 1887 p.l3© Rds Obi Si^erfield. Berkshire Oy, Maas. June 17-20, ’88. W. Faxon 2. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — Common, especially on the mountain sides. Birds Known to Pase Breeding .Season nr. Winohendon, Mass. Wm. Brewster y. Bonasa umbellus. | V. Oct., 1888. p.389 BdB. Obs. naa* Oraylock Mt, Berkshire Oo. Mass. Ju.,-c 28 - July IC. W. Faxon 2. Bonasa umbellus. RuffSj'Grouse. — Common in woods nearly to the summit of Graylock.* AuJc, VI. Aprils 1889. p.93 * Colinus virg'mianus undoubtedly occurs at the base of the Saddlefeack range. I heard from trustworthy sources that a Quail’s nest was found in the Notch, North Adams, during the season of 1888. Ruffed Grouse in Snow.— From records in the snow I have come to the possibly trite conclusion that the Ruffed Grouse {Bomsa nmbellus), when not scared from the ground, will often deliberately clamber to some stump, or other eminence, in order to get good wing-space below its body for the first stroke in flight. The awkwardness of a leap from the level I found beautifully illustrated upon a flat piece of fresh soft snow some three inches in depth. Here, at the bird’s spring, its entire form from tip of tail just to the swell of the throat, and from tip to tip of both wings, had pressed a mould some inch or two deep. This mould measured eighteen inches long and twenty inches in spread. Even the primaries of both wings were perfectly distinct, struck hard and clean. At a dis- tance of eleven inches in front of this wing-beat the primaries had again struck into the snow, an inch in depth, as the wings met below the bird’s body on the second stroke. The tips of these marks at their deepest were, I think, about four inches apart, showing that the bird normally needs an air-space below the body of almost the wing’s full length. On Arm ground the legs might push to this height; but on soft snow this manner of departure could hardly have been premeditated. These observations were made at Beverly Farms, Mass.— Reginald C. Robbins, Bosto?i, Mass. . , ^ Auk, XVIII, April., 1901, pf • ' ■ ho i ----- - f w iVx; ^ ^ /A' ' -7~ tAl-;-, TX-k nr ^ '' I A \ ’'I /* - ■>- ^ ^ 0 srMr-r-^i ' — - ' Ol-A— / ^ \ rw L.zyr' ^ "7 7 — I ^ V ■i 7 6 A ■ ff.A O- / 4 ,, o. ^ W V AA^ I 7 , 'V/ - - rp A vaaa vyx I - 5:^ fTx^ XieJ-v Vj-A , __ TJ^ Ij-t . X V -.X-y ^ \ tX-X. Ca-^rijYXv . / / rfr- - v^Xr-7 s? T-v^ X^ oc. — y^Lo fPyJo ^ ^'UL- {-''~i7JJ^ I While out riamg on the afternoon of February 13 1 went through a piece of woods. Within fifteen feet of the road- side was an old apple tree, and at some distance from it I discovered three railed grouse busily engaged eating the buds. I drove slowly till I came alongside of it and as they paid no attention to me I stopped and watched them. They, however, did not show any signs of being disturbed by my presence though I was so near as to be able to almost reach them with my whip. I sat and watched them a few min- utes ; then one flew away, another flew down to the ground and walked slowly away, while the other I scared away by striking at it with my whip. I never before saw ruffed grouse in this hunted-to-death region so tame as these. . Glastonbury, Conn. Ahthur E. Douglas./ Birds of the Adirondack Be^ion. O.jU.Merriatt, 137. Bonasa umbellus (Lmn.) Siefhefis. Ruffed Grouse. — A BuU. N.0.0, Q,Oct, 1881, p. 233 com- mon resident, \ C-^.176,. The DEXJMMiNa of Rdfpbd Gkocse. — North Bridgton, Me , — Editor American Field : — I was much interested in Roxey Newton’s article on the drumming of the ruifed grouse. I ha\'e given the subject some study and now, al- though I have many times witnessed the performance, and more than once have laid concealed so near the bird at such j times that I could have touched him with a yard-stick (I I lay no claim to Indian blood) I acknowledge that I know no more about it than before. The beating of their wings is so very rapid that I do not believe any man is favored with eyes sharp enough to distinguish whether the bird beats its sides, the log, or neither. However, if my reputa- tion was at stake on the subject I should incline to the be- lief that the drumming was caused by the vibration of the wings through the air. Now can a grouse stand erect and beat the log with anything more than the tips of his wings ? I think not, and such being the case I do not think the noise would be noticeable were it not supplemented by other means Notice the “buzz” of a humming bird’s wings as it pauses in its flight, were they as large as grouse, could they not do a respectable job at drumming without beating either their body or a log? When you have had one or more loons fly over you, high in air, has it never occurred to you that, were their wings moving with tfie'velocity of a “buzz saw,” they would discount the drumming of a grouse ? I will not say grouse do not beat upon logs with their wings but I believe it is o nly done accidentally. Any one who has noticed how quickly a bird in confinement will wear away its primaries in beating against the sides of its cage can hardly believe it can rapidly thump them against a log for several minutes daily and have any wings left. In my collection I have a male. ruflEed grouse which I shot from a September drum- n^ng log, and even the tips of its wing feathers show no ; abrasion. Long Lake. DRUMMING OF THE RUFFED GROUSE. Nashville, Tbnjj. ' Editor American Field : — I have had some experience with the ruffed grouse, and have been interested in the re- cent letters in the American Field on the subject of the peculiar noise made by them while drumming. This noise is usually made while the bird is standing upon a log, but the log has nothing whatever to do with the sound produced. The bird while drjimming assumes an upright position and . droop his wings u^l t^ flight feath ers almost, or quite, ’ touchthe log, or other perch, on which he stands.'^e fhe'S^' by an intense muscular effort, makes quick, spasmodic beats with his wings. In doing this, the ends of the wing feathers may, and perhaps sometimes do, touch the log; bu( it is the intense quiver of the flight feathers, as they come in contact with the still air, in the short and intensely rapid beats that produce the soft, yet powerful and far-reaching sound. No impact of a feather, or feathers, with a solid substance— especially a moss covered log, could ever make a sound capable of being heard for a quarter of a mile The air seems to be fllled with the sound, soft as it is, and it seems to come to you from every direction so that it re- quires a quick and practiced ear to locate it correctly. This is proof positive that it is produced by vibratory action in the air and not by the impact of two solid substances. At times I have been absolutely nonplussed in efforts tc locate the bird. On one occasion, thirty years ago, I was one of .a party of college students rambling in the mount- ains of Western Virginia. It was a still, hazy afternoon in the Fall of the year— a typical day of the Indian Summer. Two of us had separated from the party and were making the ascent of a lofty spur of the mountains in order to enjoy the scenery. About midway we sat down to rest by the foot of an old willow tree. While there we each heard for the | first time the mysterious sound. We had no idea what it j was and supposed, for a time, that it proceeded from the ' hollow tree by which we were seated. We were making an investigation, when my friend called my attention to a large bird standing on a log a short distance away. I knew at once that it was a “drumming pheasant” (ruffed grouse). On descending, and again joining our companions near the foot of the mountain, we again heard the peculiar sound, when there arose quite a discussion as to the direction from which it came. All the party, except myself, contended it came from a direction exactly opposite from the true one, when I denfonstrated to them the advantage of having a huntsman’s ear by going straight to the bird and locating him on a log some hundred and fifty yards distant. The sound begins with a measured beat and winds up with a more rapid stroke — thus, fuff fuff- fuff-fuff, fuff fuff. The turkey gobbler makes a sound, while strutting, that is perhaps as little understood as that made by the ruffed grouse. I do not think I ever saw a man who did not think, if he thought about it at all, that the roaring noise — the bur-r-r-up, made by a gobbler while strutting — was pro- duced by his wings. Many think it is produced when he drags his wings on the ground, but this is not true ; neither is it produced by his wings at all, but by his tail. I first discovered and satisfied myself thoroughly on this point a few weeks ago, during the session of the poultry show, at Nashville, where I had better opportunities for observation than were ever afforded to me before. Every hunter who has enjoyed that sport of sports, wild gob- bler hunting, in the gobbling season, is familiar with this sound. Many and many a time has it made my blood tingle as it announced the slow and stately approach of a grand old bird that I was luring to his death. Until re- cently I had been of the opinion it was produced by the intense quiver of the flight feathers of the wing. One can see in a few minutes’ observation of a tame turkey cock, while strutting, that it is not produced by dragging the wings upon the ground. This sound is produced after the wings have been raised from the ground, and while they are apparently stationary, and the gobbler standing still. It will be seen that the tur- key droops his wings and drags them on the ground while he takes a few steps, his wings in dragging on the ground j producing very little sound. Then he will stop, raise his wings slightly from the ground and then you will hear the roaring sound, and as it ends you will observe a perceptible jerk of the body produced by releasing certain muscles after a powerful contraction. The powerful contraction of the muscles referred to produces an intense quiver of the long feathers of the tail which are erect and spread like a fan at the time. It is this intense quiver of the tail feathers that produces the roaring or buzzing sound. Any one can satisfy himself of this by. putting an old gobbler in a large coop on a level with the observer’s head and watching the motions of the bird while strutting. H. E. Jones. US , DRUMMING OF THE RUFFED GROUSE. * Dovbb, N. H. Editoe AffiliEiCAN Field : — I beg leave to differ with your correspondent, Eoxey Newton, when he intimates that the ruffed grouse selects only a log for the purpose of drumming. When a boy, living in the country, my father owned a pasture situated about forty rods from the house in which was a never-failing spring of water, that came from un- der a moss-covered rook,and in dry seasons supplied the neigh- borhood with water and:waa known asf‘drumrQ£;^iaiU^iMikliAt.9M4.XX/X.,-yo-.2A. -Dysabt, Pa. Editor American Field : — Having ueen ’ a constant reader of your valuable paper for some time, I could not help noticing the differences of opinion as to the mode by which the ruffed grouse produces his peculiar drumming sound. As a sportsman, I can safely say that your corre- spondent, Roxey Newton, is completely wrong. I crept up where one was drumming, and, as I was only five paces off from him, I can safely assert in what way it was done. He stood erect on the log, and crosswise, looked about a bit and as he did not see me (I was behind a large root) he began. One I two! three times, then he paused, looked around j again, and with head erect and chest expanded, how he did ^ make those wings go, but he never touched the log with them. He drummed at least twenty times while I was there, and never once did he walk around, excepting he j turned once clean around, shook his feathers, gave a couple of coos and began drumming again. H,p kept that up until about flve o’clock, when the old hen came up, and with tail expanded and wings dragging on the ground, not much un- like a turkey gobbler, he started off with his mate in quest of food. I fully agree with all that T. G. Sargent says and hope to hear often from such men. If no Are comes through the mountain to destroy the nests there will be a large quantity of ruffed grouse, or pheasants, as they are balled here. Willie F. Pierson. Chetopa, Kan. Editor American Field : — A few weeks ago I sent you a short article in regard to the drumming of the ruffed grouse, not thinking for a moment of the improvements which might have been made, since I last heard them thirty years ago, in Ontario County, New York. It certainly must be a decided advantage and a great relief to the bird, to produce the same sound by striking with its wings into the air rather than to pound its body with the same when drumming. What a stupid fellow our barnyard fowl must be that he don’t catch on to some of the late improvements, and instead of beating his body with his wings, as a signal that he is about to crow, that he does not strike them out into the air. It would be less exertion, more graceful, less wear and tear. It appears to me that a bird would last much longer, under the late discovery of vibration, than in the old-fashioned way of thumping the very life out of his own body to gratify his desire to make a noise, when the same could be accomplished by vibration. As to the hum- ming bird and the bee, their machinery is too fine for me to tackle. I look every day to see the small boy cast his drum i aside and to play his little tune along the streets with I drumsticks only, just vibration. Certainly this is a fast age. A. A. Case. ; Mottville, N. Y. Editor American Field : — 1 wish to add my testimony in the ruffed grouse case. Many times when a boy, I have sat within ten or twelve feet of an old moss-covered log, and have watched the cock partridge strut to and fro, drum- ming the air, and challenging his rivals to come and try him on. I am sure no sound could come from the log, for it was soft as a bank of earth. I have watched to the best of my abiiity, but could never fully determine how the partridge made so much noise, although I fancied he did it by rapping the backs of his wings together. F. A. S. 1 . DRUMMmG OF THE RUFFED GROUSE. p-tutf. Washington, D. C. Editoe American Field :— I am truly gratified to note that some of your more recent correspondents are getting down toward a common sense view of the drumming of the ruffed grouse, for really the explanations of some of your earlier correspondents upon this subject were so at variance with my experience that I have hesitated to cross lances with them. I have grown a little bolder and now ask per- mission to dip my spoon in the soup. I do not claim to know it all, but I am no novice, having been hunting more than thirty-five years, and in twenty-eight states and some territories of this country. I have hunted every game ani- mal from the squirrel to the buffalo, as well as every game bird from the reed bird to the wild turkey, the noblest, gamiest and wariest bird that runs the woods. I have hunted the ruffed grouse from boyhood, and have rambled the woods with my father in quest of them, and have run with boyish glee to retrieve them when he would score a kill. I have shot them on the wing, in trees while eating buds and berries, and on their drumming logs. I have spent hours trying to determine their course and dis- tance when I would hear the wonderfully deceiving fuff— fuff-fuff, Some times it would seem like it might be sev- eral hundred yards away, when, suddenly, the bird would spring from his log not twenty yards distant and, with his peculiar “ cluck,” pass in an instant out of sight and away from shot, into the tangled mass of brush and vines with which the drumming log is usually surrounded. The fact of his being scared from his log once or twice does not cause him to abandon it ; he is quite certain to be there the next day. A number of times in my life I have taken advantage of this knowledge and prepared a way of approach by which I crawled within shooting distance next day, and bagged the game. In this way I have crept up to within less than one rod of two— only two — and with breathless silence and stillness, watched their every movement while drumming. From this experience I believe I can state it as a fact that they do not drum on the log, nor do they drum on their breasts— that is, the fufflug sound is not produced by their wings striking the log or the breast, nor is it pro- duced in the throat of the bird. Do not be startled, gentle sportsman, at this assertion, if it is at variance with so many ' opinions heretofore expressed in the American Field, My experience Is, and I know whereof I speak when I say it, the bird, when drumming, stands squarely erect, head up, and gamy appearance, and the sound is produced by the im- measurably rapid vibrations or oscillations of the wings, which causes a concurrent vibration or concussion of the air. This produces the drumming, fufiing sound, and the whole story is told. In drumming, the bird no more beats his bre^gt with his wing s than he does, when, ,^c ay^ ; ^, he sp rings from lys log and takes his flight. At the moment he takes wing the same vibration and concussion in the air and, consequently, the same sound, is produced. It is recognized in the rise of the quail and the pinnated grouse as well. The humming bird, darting from one flower to another with the rapidity of an arrow, as he stops to extract their sweets, produces, in min- iature, the drumming sound of the ruffed grouse. Who dares to assert that the little fellow is pounding his breast with his wings to produce the sound ? No, it is simply the effects of the incalculably rapid movement of his wings and the consequent vibration and concussion of the atmosphere. The same sound is produced, in a measure, by the violent rotary motion of the old grandmamma’s spinning wheel, and the boy swinging his paddle toy, with the string, rapidly round his head. Where a bird depends almost wholly upon its wings for safety from danger, as the ruffed grouse does, nature cer- tainly would not implant in him a disposition to disable them by pounding on a log and thus Jeopardizing his life when the enemy comes. I have killed quite a number of them in days gone by and never yet saw one with wing feathers injured by strutting or drumming. Jackalo. Pittsburgh, Pa. Editor American Field: — Although the subject of the drumming of the ruffed grouse has, perhaps, been about as exhaustively treated of as any in your columns, are we any nearer a correct solution ? I believe we had better com- promise the matter by admitting that they drum in a variety of ways. I remember well on one occasion, I carefully watched a ruffed grouse drumming as he stood upon a huge rock, and from my close proximity to the bird I noticed that while the wings moved with wonderful rapidity, they did not touch the rock, being clear of the latter by about two inches, in their movements. On another occasion, while resting in a deep ravine, I was afforded an opportunity of seeing this very interesting operation performed upon a log, and In this case I am equally certain he beat the log with his wings. Such being the case is it really safe to lay down any fixed rule with regard to this bird’s drumming ? I think not ; for from what I have seen of them in their native haunts, I am forced to believe that, like man, they adapt themselves to circumstances, and can drum in a variety of ways. I admit it seems hard to believe that such is a fact, but I can see no other way out of the mire. c. A. R. Waterbdry, Conn. Editor American Field: — Your numerous readers here- abouts have been much interested in the discussion now going on over the “drumming of the ruffed grouse.” In a conversation among several of us a day or two since on the subject, one or two of the party declared that they had seen the bird in the act of “drumming,” that the position was erect, and that the motion of the wings was very rapid. In response to a volley of questions as to how the sound was produced, neither of them gave very definite replies at first ; j but one of them, finally, brought down the house by declar- ing that his firm belief was that the wings did not strike on anything— unless it was on an “empty stomach.” This is I offered as a possible solution of the mystery. Mahaiwe. V How the Buffed Grouse Drums. • Ed. “Town and Country : ” In the February number of “Town and Country,” you have an interest- ing article upon the Rufied Grouse. I am a great admirer of this bird and have studied its habits thoroughly. In a heavy growth of hemlock timber with thick underbrush they seem to abound most commonly. Though they visit the hard timber, being very fond of the swelled buds of the yellow birch. In drumming they usually se- lect the trunk of a fallen hemlock lying nearly horizontally, though I can- not see why any other log or even a stone or knoll would not answer the same purpose. They take the same exact spot each day, facing the same way, as is indicated by the smooth- ness of the worn bark, and the drop- pings, which are more regular than if dropped from a perch above. They drum for a while in the early part of the morning, then again the latter part of the day ; during the middle of the day I cleared a pathway and protected with boughs any exposed portion of the path that I might approach them noiselessly and unseen. I have watch- ed them in close proximity and from each quarter, time and again, and I can assure you they neither strike the log nor their own bodies. While performing this exercise they stand erect from head to feet with wings [ slightly extended. In this position the stroke of the wings is forward, never downward ; being very concave they are brought around opposite each other by a quick movement ; the sound is produced by the concussion on the air, which may be described as a hol- low “puff, puff, puff.” At a distance ■ of forty rods away the sound is much more distinct, than it is a short dis- tance off. Were this sound produced either by striking the wings to the log, or the bird’s body, or by meeting each other, the sound could be better described by the word “thump” or “flap’’ ihan as above, and would be more distinct near, than a short distance away. If disturbed many times they will desert their log and take another, ;:ndif often disturbed they have no fixed place but will drum where they may happen to be. I M. M. WRIGHT. j Saratoga Springs, H. Y. ' NEW YORK, JANUARY 12, 1893. j VOL. XL.— No. a. / No. 318 Beoadway, New York. that Afognak (or Litnik) River, is admirably adapted to salmon hatching, being near a safe harbor in a region tt here skilled labor is cheap, abounding with fairly good timber, and visited by salmon and trout in large numbers. Moreover, the river is not subject to great changes of level and will furnish ample supjoly of water by gravity. The President, at the suggestion of the Interior Depart- ment and the Fish Commission, has by a stroke of his pen effected an object, the importance of w-hich cannot easily be over-estimated. FAMILIAR ACQUAINTANCES. THE RUFFED GROUSE. The woods in tlie older parts of our country possess scarcely a trait of tlie primeval forest. The oldest trees have a comparatively youthful appearance, and are pig- mies in girth beside the decaying stumps of their giant ancestors. They are not so shagged with moss nor so scaled with lichens. The forest floor has lost its ancient carpet of ankle-deep moss and the intricate maze of fallen trees in every stage of decay, and looks clean-swept and bare. The tangle of undergrowth is gone, many of the siiecies wliicli composed it having quite disappeared, as liave many of the animals that flourished in the perennial sliade of the old woods. If in then- season one sees and hears more birds among their low-er interlaced branches, lie is not likely to catoli sight orwimd of many of the denizens of the old wilder- ness. .Xo startled deer bounds aw^ay before him nor bear shuttles awkwardiy from his feast of mast at one’s ap- proach, nor does one’s flesh creep at the howl of the gatli- ermg wolves or the jianther’s scream or the nistle of his stealthy footsteps. But as you saunter on your devious way you may iiear a rustle of quick feet in the dry leaves before you, and a sharp, msistant cry, a succession of short, liigh-pitclied clucks running into and again out of a querulous ‘■ker-r-r-rC all expressing warning as much as alarm. Your ears gaiide your eyes to the exact point from wdiich the sounds apparently come, but if they are not keen and w ell trained, they fail to detach any animate form from the inanimate dun and gray of dead leaves and under- brush. With startling suddenness out of the monotony of life- less color in an eddying flurry of dead leaves, fanned to erratic flight by his wing-beats, the ruffed grouse bursts into view ill full flight -ndth the first strokes of his thund- ering pinions, and you have a brief vision of untamed nature as it was in the old days. On either side of the vanishing brown nebula the ancient mossed and licheried trunks rear themselves again, above it their lofty ramage veils the sky, beneath it lie the deep, noiseless cushion of moss, shrubs and plants that the old wmod-rangers knew and the moose browsed on and the tangled trunks of fallen trees. You almost fancy that you hear the long- ago silenced voices of the woods, so vividly does this wild spirit for an instant conjure up before you a vision of the old wild world whereof he is a survival. Acquaintance with civilized man has not tamed him, but made him the wilder. He deigns to feed upon your apple tree buds and buckwheat and woodside clover, not as a gift, but a begrudged compensation for what you have taken from him, and gives you therefor not even the thanks of familiarity, and notwithstanding his ac- quaintance with generations of your race he will not suffer you to come so near to him as he would your grandfather. If, wlien tlie leaves are falling, you find him in your barnyard, garden or out-house, or on your porch, do not think he has any intention of associating with you or your plebian poultry. You can only wonder where he found refuge from the painted shower when all his world was wooded. If he invites your attendance at his drum solo it is only to fool you with tlie sight of an empty stage, for you must be as stealthy and keen-eyed as a lynx if you see his proud display of distended ruff and wide spread of baired tail and accelerated beat of wings that mimic thunder, or see even the leafy curtain of his stage flut- ter in the wind of his swift exit. How the definite recognition of his motionless form evades you, so perfectly are his colors merged into those of his environment, whether it be in the flush greenness of summer, the painted hues of autumn or its later faded^ dun and gray, or in the whiteness of winter. Among one Olathe other he is but R cjot of deafl leaves, a kifQt u^xin a branch, the gray stump of a sapling protruding from the snow, or covered deep in the unmarked whiteness, he bursts from it like a mine exploded at your feet, leaving you agape till he has vanished from your sight and your ears have caugiit the last flick of his wings against the dry brandies. In Maj', his mate sits on her nest, indistinguishable among the brown leaves and gray branches about herself. Later when you surprise her with her brood, how con- spicuous she makes herself, fluttering and staggering along tlie ground, while her callow chicks, old in cunning though so lately their eyes first belield the world, scatter- ing in every direction like a shattered globule of quick- silver and magically disappearing where there is no aij- parent hiding-place. Did they con the first lesson of safety in the dark cham- ber of the egg, or absorb it with the warmth of the brood- ing breast that gave them life? Listen, and out of the silence which follows the noisy dispersion of the family you will hear the low sibilant voice of tlie mother calling her children to her or caution- ing them to continued hiding, and perhaps you may see lier alertly skulking among the underbrush still uttering that tender, persuasive cry, so faint that the chirp of a cricket might overbear it. Scatter her brood when tlie members are half grown and cihnost as strong of wing as herself, and you presently hear her softly oalling tliem and assuring them of her con- tinued care. Witli many other things that make you aware of the eliangmg season, you note the dispersion of this wildwood family. Eacli member is now shifting for itself in mat- ters of seeking food, safety, pleasure and comfort. \ oil will come upon one in the ferny undergrowth of the lowland woods wiiere he is consorting with woodcock, frighten another from liis feast on the fenceside elder- berries, scare one in tlie tliick sliadows of the evergreens, anotlier on the sparsely wooded steep of a rocky hillside^ and later liear the drum beat of a young cock that the soft Indian summer lias fooled into springtime love-making, and each has tlie alertness tliat complete self-dependence has enforced. Still, you may come upon tliem gathered in social groups, yet each going liis own way when flushed. Upon rare occasions you may surprise a grand convention of all the grouse of the region congregated on the sunny lee of a hillside. It is a sight and sound to remember long, though for the moment you forget the gun in yom- hands, when by ones, twos and dozens the dusky forms burst away up wind, down wind, across wind, signalling their departure with volleys of intermittant and continuous thunder. Not many times in your life, will you see this, yet if but once, you will be thankful that you have not outlived all the old world’s wildness. A? rtri^S < 1887 THE SPORTSMAN’S JOURNAL. 391 XX V/// 7 ^ /X. much smaller, and about eight or ten inches may be taken as the average length. The trepang, when prepared for market, is an ugly look- ing, brown colored substance, very hard and rigid, and can be eaten only after being softened by water and a lengthened process of cooking, when it is reduced to a sort of thick soup by the Chinese, who are very fond of it ; and when cooked by a Chinaman who understands the art, it makes an excellent dish which the Europeans at Manila regard very highly. The preparation of the trepang for market is very simple They are to be boiled in water, either salt or fresh, for about twenty minutes, and then slit open, cleaned and dried. Those dried in the open air or sunshine bring a higher price than those dried over a wood fire, which latter is the usual process adopted' by the Malays. Some varieties require boiling for only a few minutes, or till they become firm to the touch. They must be dried thoroughly, as they absorb moisture readily, and are then liable to become moldy and spoil. No one has yet attempted this fishing in the North Pa- cific, although trepangs abound in the waters along the northwestern coast of America, particularly In the region of the Queen Charlotte Islands and the Alexander Islands of Ala-ka, as well as on the west coast of Vancouver Island. Some time ago an Indian brought me two good specimens, which he had caught at low tide near the end of the mill wharf at Point Hudson. I showed them to several China- men, who at once pronounced them to be the best quality of “whetong,” one of the Chinese names for the trepang. When properly cured they are a valuable food product, and will sell in Canton for about forty-five dollars per ton. This indicates that there may be a deal of money in the business, if rightly conducted, as a cargo of a hundred tons could easily be cured at some place in a few months with a sufficient force of Indians to collect them. The cost is simply to gather the trepangs at low tide, or have the In- dians do so, and then have them properly dried, which is an easy process, though one requiring some care and skill. A few inexpensive experiments will enable one to ascertain the correct way of preparing these slugs, which will be likely to find a ready and lucrative sale to the Chinese mer- chants. — James G. Swan, in the Bulletin of. the U. S. Fish Commission. MASc.iLONGE Fishing with Light Tackle. — St. Paul, Minn . — Editor American Field : — A gentleman of my ac- quaintance recently gave me an account of a long and very exciting fight he had with a sixteen-pound mascalonge which he had hooked when fishing for bass. His tackle consisted of a light eight-ounce rod and very thin silk line, while his hook was baited with a large minnow, about five inches long. The fish after being hooked sprang out of the water like a salmon, showing its whole form above the sur- face of the water. It made fierce dashes and would run the line out forty or fifty yards, although the angler constantly kept a firm pressure on the reel. Finally, after a constant warfare for thirty or thirty-five minutes, the noble fish gave up the fight, came up to the boat and turned belly up. It seems to me this must be very exciting sport ; more so than trolling, by which method I have always been accustomed to fish for mascalonge. However, should a twenty-five or thirty pound mascalonge be hooked when using such light tackle, I am inclined to think the odds would be too much in favor of the fish to make it enjoyable. D. B. NOTES. St. Joseph, Mo. — A circular has been issued by the Fish Commission of Missouri as follows: “On October 10, we will be ready for the distribution of young fish. We have a full supply' of bass and carp at our St. Louis ponds, and a large supply of carp at our hatchery at St. Joseph, Mo. Orders addressed to Elias Cottrell at St. Joseph, Mo., or to Philip Kopplin, Jr., at St. Louis, Mo., will have prompt attention. Terms as follows for cans and cartage to express offices: $1.25 will be charged, when you send a can only 25 cents will be charged for cartage. Money must accompany each order. No fish sent out C. O. D. Send name of postoffice, county and nearest express office. We have also six million wall-eyed pike fry, and several thou- sand California trout that will only be distributed from our state car in public waters we think adapted for the same. Upon receipt of 3 cents postage Mr. H. M. Garlichs, Chairman Missouri Fish Commission, St. Joseph, Mo., will mail you 120 page circular on fish culture, and how to con- struct ponds and feed fish.” The state fish hatchery has never been more successful than the present year, and the results are very satisfactory. H. C. C-aktek. Jlaituiffol ^IsIcFjr. THE GROUSE FAMILY.-NO. 4. . ^ BY W. B. The Ruffed Grouse. To leave the crowded streets of the city or town in the Autumnal season of the year — a season in which the hum and attractions of business are to most minds the one thing needful, the summum honum of human life, and to retire into the quiet woods, after the beautiful Indian Summer has touched them with its brightest colors, from the scarlet and crimson of the sugar maple through many intervening shades to the soberer yellow and brown of the oak leaves ; to wander along gun in hand, through the silent sequestered shades, watching on all sides and momentarily expecting to start your game; to dart down into glens flashing at the bottom with running streams which you cross at your peril, and then to climb cautiously up the hillsides, with the aft- ernoon’s sunbeams, brighter than the maple’s leaves, strik- ing you in the face slantingly from the beech holes, in such a way as to make you hurry your footsteps, as if the sun were already setting; to plunge still deeper into the gloom of the forest, where many a darkening inanimate ob- ject, seen in the distance, sends a thrill through your soul, and causes you to pause and to raise your gun to your face, as if now, now, the darling o’oject of your pursuit were actually in sight ; to get your whole being wrought up to such a iiitch of expectancy and frenzied excitement that the perspiration starts at every pore, and your nerves shake like the leaves of the aspen; and then to have a whole covey of your prized “partridges” spring up under your very feet, with that startling whirr! whirr! whirr! darting off in every direction, some straight up in the air, some sideways, where the leaves are thickest, and some again in a straight line from you ; and then with a mighty impulse and resolution, so far to regain your consciousness and self-control as to send a brace of them flattering to their fall through the dense evergreen branches, and to be able to pick both of them up, after an anxious search— if all this is not happines, if the world has got anything more satisfactory to offer, I must confess, for one, I despair of ever finding it^ for I do not know where to look for it. “Some place the bliss” in wealth, honors and other worldly advantages. But all these, I hold, even in their best estate, are tame in com- parison with the hunter’s rapture of soul under such cir. mjFFKD GKOHSE. cumstances as I have tried to depict. Others again hold up to view the passion of love as the highest guerdon of hu- manity. And for a brief season, while no cloud casts its shadow across the lover’s path, this will favorably compare with the hunter’s heaven. But then the clouds will come^ and what is worse, often, too often, they come to stay, and the lover is left disconsolate and in darkness perhaps for the balance of his days; while in the true hunter’s soul, there is always the “silver lining” shooting across and gild- ing all his disappointments. His love never grows old or cold. Whenever and wherever the obj ect of it appears, in the mountain or the lea, there is a plighting of the old troth, a surge of the old tempest, a renewal of the old rhapsody, a meeting that calls forth all the intensity of early passion, and more too. Others again will point to the religious enthusiast as the highest type of human happi- ness. But I doubt if even he, except in some odd moment of emotion-al ecstacy, ever reaches the highest pinnacle of the hunter’s beatitude. And besides he is alwavs subject to the same vicissitudes which mar the lover’s joys— a pro- pensity to harden his hetirt and let his zeal grow cold, to lose grace, to slip and slide from his first faith. But your real “blooded” hunter never allows his zeal and aflections to flag. They increase in intensity, year by year, and every day in the year; and, through his passionate love of Nature, they constrain to a worship, which your ordinary religionist but seldom feels — a worship begotten of the hunter’s uncon- strained intercourse with the outer world— a worship which, like that of some Eastern nations, is not offered in temples made with hands, and which is so beautifully set forth in the following lines, I am tempted to quote the whole of them : “ Not vainly did the early Persian make His altar the high places and the peak O: earth-o’ergaziag oionatalas, and thus take A lit and unwailed temple — there te seek The Spirit, in whose honor shrines are weak Upreared of human hands. Come and compare Columns and idol-dwellinge, Goth or Greek, With Nature’s realms of worship.” “And all this,” some of my readers are ready to exclaim, “ail this inordinate pleasure comes, you say, from the quest or the flight of a covey of ‘partridges.’ ” Not all — not ex- actly all. But yet we must acknowledge the partridges con- tribute a good part of the pleasure ; or to speak more cor- rectly, they furnish a stimulus to the pleasure, and give it wings to mount so high. But the hunter's paradise in these still Autumn woods is compounded of so many essences, so many elements, that no one is able to enumerate them all, much less analyze them all. The partridge may he said to give us the key to unlock some of the mysteries of this par- adise, a clue to direct us through some of its wide labyrinths of, enjoyment. Or it may be said that the partridge is the tie that binds together so many sheaves in this rich Autumn's harvest of the hunter’s experience. It is the loadstone to draw him away from the noisy haunts of men, out of his daily cares, out of himself, out of the purlieus of business and politics, into the seclusion and solitude of .the forest, into a communion with natural scenes and objects, into, the healing odors of the country air, to open his eyes to new and better sights, his ears to sweeter sounds, his heart to all those genial influences which are wrapped up in the heart of Nature, and which she showers with so bountiful a hand upon the head of every one of her true votaries. In my own hunting experience, few have been the quests for game that have afforded me more unmixed satisfaction than taking the woods for ruffed grouse (called, in the East, the partridge, and, in the South, the pheasant) at the proper season for hunting them. And the season of the year, as we have already seen, has much to do with the enjoyment of it. How vividly come hack early recollections of this sport, as I think of “old Windmill Hill” and “Mt. Independence,’* towering so much higher above their fellow peaks in the chain of romantic hills that encircle the beautiful valley where J first saw the light. These formidable heights were my ultima tJiule in all my partridge-shooting expeditions, and my favorite resorts when the sport was to be tried on a large scale, and when I was not to be choked oil by disap- pointments. If I was to be cut short with a few hours’ hunt- ing, “Ripley’s Woods,” nearest the village, afforded the best opportunity; if I had a half day, I spent it in “Camp- bell’s Bush,” among the maples, or better still, in the beau- tiful “Still Woods,” farthest off of all (and O ! what a little paradise!) called the “Still Woods,” not because of any hush in the atmosphere of their dense shade and foliage, but because of the old distillery, whose ruins and remains continued to haunt the place for years after its “usefulness” had departed — an old tumble- down roof, with immense beams and rafters braced and spiked with iron, all tottering to their fall, and one or two great rusty copper vats, that looked as if they had done service for ages. At these minor resorts, particularly the lovely Still Woods, my good dog Boze, would generally manage to “tree” a partridge or two, and “Old Bundy” long and single-barreled and cap- looked, could be depended on to knock them down from their loftiest perches in the tall beeches and oaks. Well I remember one of my earliest feats in these woods, was shooting a partridge off the top of the old “Still” roof, and having a long search for him among the ruins inside where he fell. It was the only time I ever knew this bird to perch himself on any building. What romance, what rapture there was in even these half- holiday visits to the Indian Summer forests after par- tridges! But when it came to a whole day’s roving and climhiag up the sides and along the brow of ‘‘Old Wind- mill,” on the same errand, “no tongue its beauty might de- clare.” Old Windmill was a sight in itself, gnarled on its sides, like an old oak, scarred, seamed with rooks, and by no means prepossessing to the stranger who saw it for the first time from afar. But once near it and on it, and all its apparent ugliness vanished at a glance. Its sheltering groves, its mossy carpet, and that long stretch of level green on its very summit, lined with white poplar, and flanked, where the rocks began to shoot out, with a thick covering of ground hemlock and pine, made it a delightful picture. I used to prepare for these all-day jaunts the evening be- fore, so as to be off in the eariy morning; and there being only about four or five miles to walk before reaching my partridge ground, I used to get there almost as soon as the birds were up for their breakfast. Many of these mornings, the air on the mountains was as cold and crisp as it is in the lowlands in November; and the leaves underfoot as well as over head were spangled and sheeted with ice. Al- most always the early morning air was full of frost, which dissolved after an hour or two of sunrise, and gave place to that most intoxicating of all morning draughts, the Indian Summer atmosphere, after it has been mixed with a few degrees of sunshine. The first loud sound heard after reaching the border of the woods was almost invariably Boze’s barking, which meant partridge flushed and “treed.” I dreaded a rise among the hemlocks, which often hap- pened, as th'at meant an anxious and often long search for my game through the thick branches, and very likely after the search ended, a still neck, that night or the next morn- ing, from craning and bending it into so many unnatural shapes gazing up the tree. Ten to one the partridge on alighting, especially if an old one, will perch on a limb close to the body of the tree, and sit there perhaps for hours without moving a muscle. Then your search may be entirely in vain, or you may blaze away several times at a stub, mistaking it for your bird, which really makes no more movement than a stub, unless it happens to be hit. There was one place on the top of old Windmill among Q92 THE AMERICAN FIELD Get 22 the poplars I have mentioned, comparatively free from un- derbrush where I was pretty sure to find my game and where I used to try my first experiments at shooting these grouse on the wing. But it was for a long time, a bushel of experiments to a single grain of success. Once in a while, if my bird flew right, I would knock it down. But the ruffed grouse is more likely to fly wrong for the sports - man than any bird I know. If there are trees about, as there almost always are, it will manage to wind around among them, spirally or zig-zag, so as to keep them between you and it, though it will sometimes make a bee-line straight away from you, and pretty close to the ground ; and what is still more curious, if this bird rises on the sides or near the brow of a hill, the chances are it will dart like an arrow, and about as swift, straight down hill. While on the subject of this bird’s flight, I may as well here take occasion to remark, that nothing shows the shrewdness and keenness of observation with which that grand old man, Audubon, pursued his investigations into the habits of the feathered races, than what he tells us about the two kinds of wing-power the partridge exerts un- der contrary circumstances. It is like a new discovery in science — is, in fact, a new discovery in science. He assures us that the grouse, when startled from its resting-place on the ground, and taking wing through fear, invariably goes through the air with the whirring sound, which in the gen- eral estimation of the world always accompanies its flight. But he likewise informs us that when this bird rises on the wing, of its own accord, and not under the influence of fear, its flight is as noiseless as any other bird’s. There can be no doubt on this point ; and after reading, years ago, what the "great ornithologist says about it, I could easily recall instances to verify his statement. I will mention one in particular, while we are still on old breezy Windmill. It is a notable instance, in more senses than one, inasmuch as it illustrates the principle of well-doing which dominates the hunter’s soul, particularly where it jumps so strongly with his inclination. At the solicitation of a very sick lady, who sent word to W. B., then a lad, but even then no novice in the use of the gun, if she could only have a soup compounded of partridge and squirrel, such as I had been in the habit of making her a present of from time to time, she was cer- tain it would cure her. I hurried away to Windmill Hill, on the sides of which was a clump of large old gnarled oaks, where I felt confident I could secure one ingredient of the wished-for soup, since I scarcely ever went there without finding one or more gray squirrels, rocking up and down on the oak limbs to pluck the acorns. Determined not to leave the spot until the squirrels came out, I secreted myself in the bushes, where I had not been half an hour before I saw one partridge after another come flying down on the ground, not far off, as quiet aid silent as sunbeams. I could not believe my eyes at first, since I heard not even the slightest rustle or whirr of their wings, as I expected to, and I looked at them long and wistfully before I could make up my mind I was not mistaken in their identity. When completely satisfied on this point, I had a couple of them fluttering in the agonies of death before me, while the rest took wing with the usual whirring sound. It is needless to add that, by dint of watching my faithful old oaks till near sundown, they yielded me a pair of squirrels; and I went home happy as a lord at having found the med- icine which Mrs. M— , to my intense delight, afterward ac- knowledged to me had saved her life. I have several times since verified, in the same way, Audubon’s statement as to this double flight of the partridge. And here let me take occasion to say that the bird-student who shall see with clearer vision, and study with more passionate earnestness and exactness into the character and habits of a race the most difflouit of all to study and comprehend, and who shall paint them with a more magical pencil, or write about them with a more magical pen than this splendid old American naturalist, has yet to be born, and very likely never will be born. Never did astronomer watch the stars by night through “ his glazed optic tube,” with more zeal, more enthusiasm, more fidelity to truth, and with more, real genius, to tell their story to a wondering world than this marvelous bird-gazer to tell the story of American birds, while yet the whole subject was in its infancy, wrapt in doubt, obscurity and the mists of fable, crossing pathless deserts to do it, often alone in the midst of wild beasts and Indians, exposing himself to hunger, fatigue and danger, often lying down at night in the forest, in a single blanket, wet with rain, and shivering with cold. All honor then to the great American explorer, thus led by the true hunter’s passion, to snatch from the wilderness, the forests and the mountains, their winged inhabitants, to portray them to the life by his matchless pen and pencil—to make them as famil- iar as household words to all future generations. To catch an idea of the man you have only to look at any good picture of this rare genius — see what an eye he has, capable, one would think, of taking in at a single glance the whole of animated nature, that noble brow, Instinct with thought, imagination and intellect, together with fire, resolution and the audacity of genius written in every line of those ex- pressive features. Of the few yet disputed and undetermined points about the characteristics of the ruffed grouse, the knottiest one is that relating to the male’s drumming faculty. For a long time the hollow log theory prevailed, and we thought of this cock of the walk as a drummer boy, sitting on his chosen drum-log in the depths of the forest, and banging it with his wings instead of drum-sticks ; something after the man- ner of those sturdy preachers of the time of Hudibras (not entirely gone out of fashion in our day) who mount the “ pulpit, drum eccleeiastic. Which they beat with fist iustead of a stick.” That theory exploded, the next one advanced was that the bird’s body was the drum instead of the hollow log, still beaten by the wings ; and then it was conjectured that the sounds were produced by the rapid movements of the bird’s wings alone, something like the stridulating sounds pro- duced by certain insects. Now, as theorizing is the order of the day on this mooted point, I wiil venture a new solu- tion of the riddle, which, it appears to me, is more plausi- ble than any of the rest : It is that the drumming sounds of the partridge are made by a simultaneous combination of wing movement and the use of the ordinary vocal organs of birds. It is scarcely conceivable that such loud sounds can be the product of the wings alone. If the ruffed, like his cousin the sage-cock or the pinnated grouse, was possessed of the inflatable air-sac, there would be no difliculty in de- termining the question ; but in the absence of such a wind- instrument as that, is it unreasonable to ascribe the loud thunder of his drumming, not to the vibrations of the wings alone (for these seem incapable of making it) but to the conjoint action of the muscular force of the wings and of the “inferior larynx,” which is the special avian organ of sound '? It is not probable that this special organ is con- signed to an “innocuous desuetude,” in the case of the partridge, any more than in the rest of birds; and if ever he would employ it, it would be when, strutting around on a log or on the ground, lowering his wings and spreading out his great fan of a tail, he tried to attract the attention of the femaiesof his tribe, or perhaps show his belligerent pro-, pensities toward the males. Hence I claim that, while this point, like so many others relating to the ways of birds, does not seem to admit of being reduced to absolute cer- tainty, the drumming of the partridge is made with two instruments instead of one alone — it is vocal as well as “wingful.” What commends the ruffed grouse particularly to sports- men is, first, the skill required in shooting it, and, second, its diversified and extensive range and habitat. The first of these difficulties, of which I have already spoken, is very much enhanced by the bird’s unsocial habits, constraining it to go in small coveys, and by its seldom springing up be- fore you except in densely wooded districts, and oftenest through grounds overgrown with thickets and underbrush. This latter consideration, taken in connection with its swift and irregular flight, makes it the hardest of all winged tar- gets to hit. It is found dispersed over the whole continent from the Atiantic to the Pacific, and seems to thrive in all climates and latitudes. Nor do the influences of climate, over such an immense stretch of territory, work such changes in the bird’s character and coloration as we might be led to suppose. It is everywhere the same rufous-taiied species, with plumage varying from light-brown to mottled with darker brown and even black. It everywhere makes its home in the thick dark woods, preferring the highlands and the umbrageous shelter of the conifirae, if they can be found. Where is the heart so cold and so dead to the quickening impulses of Nature that has not bounded at seeing this graceful bird, so full of spirit and hanteur, when undis- turbed, standing erect or moving along with a slow and solemn pace ; but “when the dry leaf rustles in the brake,” stepping with a quick majestic tread, and, it it finds no con- venient place of refuge, darting through the air with swift- est pinions ? As I recall early scenes and images, it seems to me no other bird has afforded me so many happy days — no other bird so often darts across my imagination, when I think of the October woods, with their keen frosty air and balsamic odors. ' “ And thy whirring wings I hear. When the colored ice is warming The twigs ol the forest sere— When the Northern wind’s a-storming.” And methinks I could cross the dark river with more sat- isfaction, dear bird of my boyhood, if I could make sure of meeting thee once more in the happy future hunting- grounds, and hear the rustle of thy ’swift-rushing wings. Chicago, lil. , UNUSUAL NESTING SITES. Mu ■ , xy; y; I /., Jfe . 3‘^ 3 .. BY WALTER E. BRYANT. One of the interesting features of the study of oology is the selection of strange nesting sites made by many birds when the circumstances of their environment compel a de- parture from their customary habits. This is especially no- ticeable in certain tree building species, which avail them- selves of low bushes and sometimes even the ground in the absence of trees. During a recent trip to Carson, Nev., and vicinity, I was particularly impressed by the unusual and novel situation which had been chosen by birds whose nesting habits were well known. These had adapted themselves to various sit- uations, the mention of which, together with instances noted from other localities where choice rather than cir- cumstances seemingly prompted the departures, may be in- teresting. California Partridge {OalUpepla calif arnica). — Essentially a ground building species, but several cases have come to my notice of its nesting in trees upon the upright end of a broken or decayed limb or at the intersection of two large branches. A few years ago a brood was hatched and safely conducted away from a vine-covered trellis at the front door of a popular seminary. How the parent birds man- aged to get the tender young down to the ground is not known. Red-shafted Flicker {Oolaptes cafer). — Three instances are recalled when this species nested in unusual places. One of these was in a bridge bulkhead a few feet above the Carson River. The interior of the structure was filled with gravel and large stones, amongst which the eggs were de- posited. Another pair used a target butt at a much fre- quented range as a substitute for a stump. A third nest was in a sand-bank three feet from the top and ten from the creek. This hoie was apparentiy speciaily prepared, and not one made by a ground squirrel, such holes being some- times used by these birds. Calliope Hummingbird (Trochilui calliope). — A nest was found built upon a projecting splinter of a wood pile at a height of five feet. Another was secured to a rope within an outbuilding. Arkansas Kingbird {Tyrannus uertiaalis). — An old and much flattened nest of Bullock’s oriole was found relined and containing four kingbird’s eggs. One of the most re- markable instances of persistency in nest building was met with in the case of a pair of kingbirds which had attempted to construct a nest upon the outer end of a windmill fan. A horizontal blade had probably been first selected, but an occasional breath of air had slightly turned the mill, bring- ing into place another and another, upon each of which had been deposited the first material for a nest until several nests were in different stages of construction, varying with the time that the windmill had remained quiet, while upon the roof below was strewn a quantity of debris that had falien as the wheel revolved. Of course nothing but failure could be expected from their repeated attempts. Say’s Phcebe (Sayornis saya). — A nest which could be conveniently reached by a person on horseback was found by Mr. Walter Bliss at Carson, placed within and close to the entrance of a deserted bank swallow’s burrow. Brewer’s Blackbird {Scolecophagus cyanocephalus). — All the nests found at Carson were upon the ground, usually on the edge of a bank formed by an irrigating ditch, with the exception of one which was built two feet from the ground upon dry tule and well hidden by the growing stems. Crimson House-Finch {Oarpodacm frontalis rhodooolpus). — Besides the odd situations which they select about houses, they avail themselves of the last year’s nests of Bullock’s oriole. Parkman’s Wren {Troglodytes aedon parkmanii). — The species has been known to build in the skull of a horse, which had been placed in a fruit tree ; in the nests of cliff swallows, and within an old shoe lodged in a tree. Western Robin {Merula migratoria propinqua).—A. pair of robins built and reared a brood in a hanging basket sus- pended from the edge of the veranda at the residence of Mr. H. G. Parker at Carson, Nev. Western Bluebird {Sialia mexicana). — -Dr. Cooper informs me that he has known a bluebird to build in a cliff swal- iow’s nest. Mountain Bluebird {Sialia arctica). — Three incubated eggs of this species were taken from the nest of a barn swailow at Lake Tahoe, Cal., by Mr. Walter Bliss. European Sparrow {Passer dom,esticus).—^mc,e the intro- duction of this pest into our cities, many birds, hitherto common, have left for the suburbs, notably the cliff swal- ows, whose nests were appropriated by the sparrows . In these cases the limited space compelled the latter to dis- pense with the usual amount of rubbish, and carry in only a lining of feathers. San Francisco, Cal. Do Foxes Climb Trees? — Point Lick, Ky. — Editor Amer- can Field: — I have seen several articles lately in the Amer- ican Field in regard to foxes climbing trees. There is no doubt about gray foxes climbing trees, and the size or shape of the tree has nothing to do with it. They can climb any rough bark tree, no matter how large or straight ; but I have never seen a red fox on the outside of a standing tree. I have known many a one to go inside a hollow tree like a rabbit, but I do not think any fox hunter will sayAe has known one to go upon the outside. Another difference is, that, while it is not much trouble to make a gray come out of a hole with smoke, I have never been able to make a red come out yet, either out of a tree or from the ground. I would like some one better versed in fox lore than myself to explain why it is the male red foxes do not like to go in a hole during the latter part of the Winter. I catch more foxes then than in all the rest of the year put together, and the dogs catch them often close to a hole into which I know the fox could have gone had he wished. I scarcely ever catch a female fox at that time of the year. Last Win- ter I caught thirteen foxes from Christmas until March, and all of them were males. The dogs caught them all on the ground. E. H. W. Thb Port Hill Private Home and Training Scliool for feeble-minded children. This institution is located upon one of the higheet, health- iest, and most picturesque points in Maryland. Mansion bf ample size and furnished with all modern conveniences. Only institution of the kind south of the Mason and Dixon line. Send for circular. Sajiuel J. Port, M. D., Superintendent. P. O. Box 57, BUlcott City, Howard Co., Md. sdvt 1 o /S-Xiwttv /Cw^,A^»^ tv^CiX. cw«.^ tw U/VvfCv-v>_y /• ^ fJ^ /luA^ / 1 3 o-x, ^ ‘^^y^K-ii-t-C. . C/' Q-.C. ^ 1 ^ r- V d 7 .xr /J Y”^' ^ /^4y /D 'z^ ^ *ZZ ^^t,A..-_^ ^>— ^•^l-<-'<-<^ l/'\y\.^ V^ S~Xg<-cX^^ ^ ct<5i---t.-<_-.t^ iZZZZCZz^ ~~^^-'L^ y^ZZC -XXk^ /-tx.£>C ipCc-ZlfZ :i T^cz^ ^ lti> ^CizZ (?^U_ tt-o a y ^ 0 /^ /ux^ / /3 < 3 ~ l - /(^ ^ . C/-. y y f / 2* 4^.^./^ ZZc.*yXZi-x.<-^-^^ t^XAJUSd to^^/^ <»^ *ax) /tVjS-c/ ^x*-/ 4-i^txx A/j'C^yx ^2ir £vtU< ei^i/^U,£xA,‘-dC^ ^ //^A.,^^Ct-‘-y' :1u ClAA'\^‘^ ^.U^y-s-yi^ dt.^-yr'^ A, cA eU^ Ai/) Ax-O.^ ^ .4A<,a- 4».-^ ^-v-r ^tZL^ ^*** (-^ - - ^ ^^xC /^ C-dA-^^x^^ / 6^ : 4dKr^dXABLyC AZaalju* dkjAX-eJL yAAoAY, ( ^^>-^-«-5 /’T. ■Lsiu.^ U" '•vi.A^^ -^v-i. Wtw 'J^/yiiu.? (a^vuuiJJUy ,tvi_ Z?C^ lA/HjLt-t h-yT iltXi /Uy-^ 'tt.^ U '~}{ ‘''- <' ‘^ • -^ _ ^ '^'t r*- J< 71 //' 755 . {near Concord^. 7'oVl. ■ *7 hufirrou^ lo iZ. ->vt^ c^l, yi^p^ V- V™ 7 ^ (r^^ 'Py, 'I I t. V'' _ / y 'X_ T-^ / ^1 i-Mt u> / ^ A J>. ,1 o. »A..-l-<« / ' * .lATfCwjt Ol »A..-l^t .Ayu 7 d^. ■ ■ -f^^i.CC^ lAAiAy ^ / v;.,. I AH ^Sa Birda ^Hoga Co. N. Y. Aldea Loring. '* iT3. Ruffed Grouse. Common. Breeds. Affords fine sport for hunters. Lives in tire woods and underbrush. Builds on the ground and lays nine to twelve eggs. They do not migrate but subsist on bugs during the winter. ; 0,&0, XV. JOne. 1890, p.86 f nr A few days ago some car repairers, working near the Erie R. R. car shops here, causTht a full gi-own, healthy ruffed grouse which was feeding on grain which had fallen from crip- pled cars. About three hundred yards distant is a wooded hill and the bird must have come down into the railroad yard to feed. But why it should do this at this season is more than I can tell, and it is still more difficult to under- stand why the bird allowed itself to be cauffh^ —Salamanca, IST. T. O & O. XIII. Not. 188^’^pa^4^’ /x~^X , . ^ A<^ (L^J ^ ^ y ^ZZZZZZZj /i^aZ^ Trj A-t^yAA^jj^tAyi . A few days ago some car repairers, working near the Erie R. R. car shops here, causfht a full grown, healtliy ruife^d grouse which was feeding on grain which had fallen from crip- pled cars. About three hundred yards distant is a wooded hill and the bird must have come down into tlie railroad yard to feed. But why it should do this at this season is more than I can tell, and it is still more difficult to under- stand why the bird allowed itself to be caught^ —Salamanca, N. Y. O & O. XIII. /fyt, ,4^ /i}fY 1 | Uin^ ^ ^ ll tn y xytpcx /laa/^ 7^ . I yt-A^^cC <>LA^ ez_ /m 7 ^ L^ . 9l/u^. 6xx^^ h^. i -^-v,, ^ lM, '^Z ^3o,.-«S2a:;: ^ cUl^A/^i^ ixvTZ^^ <>-3r- ^ i^O'^'XOA^ u DOMESTICATING 'game —. -ISZ-CV- «-;^aSTa BIRDS. TTNDER date of Oct. 22 , our Lockport, N. Y., corres- !^siSSsSs"Aa.-fSs:^ •mother was given to my son, a healthy young i^alv twXw into^the house on High street occup,ie(j hy «• romnton and string Mrs. Compton on the^ead. anti tto flpwto the bddroom; and when the girl wont tft caloh tl flew hack into Mrs. C.’s hands. (Mrs. 0 ,.ts ahout nwc y “ .t..SS?,„/*a S ”'11£.53 ' Vrsi thine which i nave always ucc« v...- — ',i within I do -t believe that two more .gxw .'-"two" were IXiHutkle wfthin a week. Why is it they i";ou?three'’yeLTSo,\wo|r|seCat^^^^^ six'^rods apart within a week s time. We read in the Good Book of certain fortunate in- dividuals who were furnished with quail daily, hut were not aware that some of our city friends were being specially provided for. The day before Thanksgiving, 1 Mr. Henry .1. Thayer, while at the breakfast table, noticed a grouse in his back yard. Getting his gun he shot the bird and resumed his meal. Mr. Thayer’s residence is at Cainbridgeport. O.&o. XIll.Dec. 1888 P/// / 7 ? / The next morning I started out early to skate around an unfrequented pond near the Kliode ^ Island line. While driving up the South Kill- ingly Hill, a ijartri^e Hew down the mountain with incredible speed and momentum, sweeping the lines from my hand in a twinkling, and plumping down into the brush below the road. It was like an electric shock, and all over in a second. While I got out on the shafts to check the startled horse and recover the reins, my assailant got off scot free. If it had struck one foot back in the carriage it would have broken all the bones in my hand, but its object seemed to be accomplished in neatly sweeping the lines from my fingers. Who, after this, will say that the Ruffed Grouse has never played cat’s cradle? or deny that the birds up here appear to be “getting onto” me? Perhaps these Windham County birds will make common cause with my old New London County Buteos, which seem to recognize me the moment I first reconnoitre in the spring, and, from a safe poise in the blue empyrean, challenge my entrance into their haunts with, “Pee-ho! heigh-ho! .1. M. W., J. M. W. ! hide our eggs ! change our nests ! heigh- ho! pee-ho, pee-ho!” J. M. W. Norwich, Conn. [ iSjl . 'D®0,s:yi, March. 1891, p, 3 % GREENWOOD’S GLEANINGS. Killed by an Engine. The presence of intestinal worms in ruffed grouse has already been noted this season, and as the same thing was observed last year sportsmen are wondering I how much this has to do with the scarcity of this fa- vorite game bird. Dr. E. G. Hoit of Marlboro, Mass., who is an intel- ' ligent and observing sportsman, sends me specimens of these intestinal worms which he took from a ruffed grouse shot last week, and they are similar to those found in grouse last year. The worms sent us are of various lengths, evidently from an undeveloped worm to one fully grown. The seemingly matured specimen is about three inches in length ; in thickness is the size of a knitting needle ; and in color white when they reached me in a bottle of alcohol. The worms are ta- pered to a sharp point at each end, with neither head nor tail perceptible. There are smaller specimens of j worms, varying in size down to those scarcely larger ; than a human hair. ’ Last year Mr. H. E. Tuck, the well-known rifleman ; of Haverhill, Mass., and who is also a keen brush shot, ' killed a brace of ruffed grouse, and on returning home cleaned the birds and placed them in his cellar. On the following morning he sought the birds, intending to cook them for breakfast. He was surprised to find ; these long white worms on the flesh of the grouse, and I the birds were thrown away. When Mr. Tuck re ated his experience to me I thought the worms must have been the intestinal worms which had crawled out upon the flesh, from not being thoroughly cleaned. I have R55I TG. j never heard of such worms being found in the flesh of grouse. Will some naturalist, etymologically inclined, en- lighten sportsmen, and tell us if this worm is one of the reasons for the scarcity of ruffed grouse in New England ? A friend of mine informs me that while on a collect- ing trip in California a few years ago, he found one of the species of sandpipers which often had these intes- tinal worms, but the birds appeared to be in good con- dition. There seems to me no doubt that they would ultimately cause the death of a bird. One evening in September last, after the arrival of the last train from Boston, drawn by the Gen. Meade, in charge of the familiarly known engineer and fireman, Al. Franklin and Andy Meikle, a Ruffed Grouse was found in the cow-catcher, still warm. As they came through a small belt of woods between Conway and North Conway it is supposed the bird was flying across the track and a little from the , train, as she was struck in the back. | THE GkOTJSE in the submerged to the head m wa a very . escape its cruel Jjce we mav believe, and interesting and rare , , possession by animals whateverWrs may ^tlaCXtTs termed in- and birds ^Ln^ the action of .the stinct, I am firmly oI the P “ ^ intelligent reasoning, bird in question ® the hard eMth, but into a It did not dash Itself ^ and cover it, and i medium that it sitaation totally foreign to * there it We can Ssily understand why a its natural habits. ^® ®f“ „„„/the eagle, for there it duck should take to ®tpr Fs XabrSad. Whether is at home, but a Y-°TdF I know not. They seek the grouse bathe to drink ^and in so doing this grou^se streams and pools to ’ impression that this j may have received if /°“® J„Yn time of danger. Why i medium would prove a retug a-rouse’ It is as I Sdn’t the hawk Plfff. fm ^e^o under- reasonable to claim that it is as natura ^ stand the “l®®®f®!vP 00^6^ We are just going to believe in iYv,^™*®'uLidiml erouse put reason into his believe that this md g .^y^were more accus- action. Iks better th^ way. it might lead tomed to look at such , , ^ mercy. And the us to temper love field sports struck me cruelty '^bich is inseparable fio n^a p f^er with much fej®® YFook that trSing, terrified bird shooting Y® tmsting and admirable way escaped wliicli had in such at it-a pruel enemy, and now the wicked beak and talons of crue^l ®e with pleading eyes abo jyjj.. Bishop, I took thetird fFom^its refuge and coolly wrung its S-O.'O. S.^ Contents of the Crop and Gizzard of a Young Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). — The following is the result of the analysis made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, of the contents of the crop and gizzard of an immature specimen of this species, captured July 18, 1906: “3 percent of the food is animal, consisting of the following: 1 Carabid beetle 1 Tettigoniid 1 Leptura vibex 8 Camponotus pennsylvanicus 8 Plagiodera armorieice 1 Snail 1 Pyropyga nigricans “97 percent is vegetable matter made up as follows: About 105 seeds of touch-me-not (Impatiens hiflora), 22 %. About 1750 seeds of blackberry {Rubus sp.), 31%. 8 seed pods of violet (Viola sp.) containing approximately 25 seeds each, together with 114 free seeds, making in all about 514 seeds of this species, 14%. About 100 seeds of ground cherry (Solanum sp.), 2%. About 462 seeds of sedge {Carex spp.), twelve being in perigynia, 4%. 2 pods of Juncus sp. with many seeds, 1%. About 8 seeds of grass, 2%. A few seeds of Oxalis sp. and a few unidentified, 1%. Some bits of dead leaves and green browse, the latter probably from touch-me-not, 20%. “Mineral matter consisting of 2 pebbles, is 2% of the entire bulk.”— J. A. Weber, New York City. XSlll, Oct., 1900, Contents of the Crop and Gizzard of a Young Rufled Grouse (Bonasa umbellus). — The following is the result of the analysis made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, of the contents of the crop and gizzard of an immature specimen of this species, captured July 18, 1906: “3 percent of the food is animal, consisting of the following: 1 Carabid beetle 1 Tettigoniid 1 Leptura vibex 8 Camponotus pennsylvanicus 8 Plagiodera armorieim 1 Snail 1 Pyropyga nigricans “97 percent is vegetable matter made up as follows: About 105 seeds of touch-me-not {Impatiens biflora), 22 %. About 1750 seeds of blackberry {Ruhus sp.), 31%, 8 seed pods of violet [Viola sp.) containing approximately 25 seeds each, together with 114 free seeds, making in all about 514 seeds of this species, 14%. About 100 seeds of ground cherry [Solanum sp.), 2%. About 462 seeds of sedge [Carex spp.), twelve being in perigynia, 4%. 2 pods of Juncus sp. with many seeds, 1%. About 8 seeds of grass, 2%. A few seeds of Oxalis sp. and a few unidentified, 1%. Some bits of dead leaves and green browse, the latter probably from touch-me-not, 20%. “Mineral matter consisting of 2 pebbles, is 2% of the entire bulk.” J. A. Webee, New York City. XXlll, uc-A., 1906, 1143 - Tame Ruffed Grouse. By M. H. Cryder. Ibid., No. 15, May 6, p. 284. A frequent visitor to the dooryard, and so tame as to take food ‘rom the hand. For. ^ Stream. Vol.XXVI 7n. D. UU. yi<,.a.c. 3,0. y,. /ro3. Wov, Si Stream.. Yol.XXVII 541. Insectivorous Grouse. Bj C [=W. Cooper]. Ibid.., Ill, p. 261. — A specimen of the Ruffed Grouse {Bonasa umbelliis) found to have “its crop full of caterpillars of Notodonta cofirinna, commonlj known as the Red-humped apple tree caterpillar.” SSOS?t?« &N8ituraiist 1239. The Drumming of the Ruffed Grouse. By C. II. Prescott. Ibid. Voi. XXVI, No. 2 , July 10 , p. 31 . Axaerioftn Fi«Wf 1839. Wei^b/ of Grotise. By Rudolph von Ohl. Ibid., Dec. 12, p. 402 - IRn-it/ycrr 1 / mi 7t /<7 fn c o ***.*--- *Od Ui Bonasa umbeflus a.nd Colinus viririnin.,.,- *-<=9, Domesticating Ruffed Grouse. By J. B. Battelle. Ibid., No. 5 , Fer24, ^^83. 84. For. & Stream. Vol.XSVIU 347. Domesticating No. 26, July 21. PP- 550 ’_ 5 Si- 1260. Captive Grouse and Osprey. By Ed^rd SwRl. , No. 12, Oct n, p. 224. E'er. & Streaia._Yol.XXlX^ 1817. New England Grouse. By Special. Ibid., p. :i 6 -i.—Bonasa umbellus and B. u. togata. For. ftStream. Yole 33 , - 1710. Grouse in Cc^tivity. 3 ^ Jjay Beebe. Ibid.,j>. 453. — Bonasa " ' V 30 . a 9. umbellus. For . & Stream. Yoi; 30 . a Voe.^ 3 . Idjrf.ZLt. 1827. A Tamed Ruffed Grouse. By E. M. Stillwell. Ibid... -t^ 1376. Sex Markings of Grouse. By Edward Swift. Ibid., No. 20, Dec. 8, p. 383.— The male said to possess a slightly longer tail and an orange colored spot on the “superciliary membiane. j 2?sr. & Stream. Yoi.XXIX J832. Game in Town. By C. G. , Milton P. Peirce and Medicus. Ibid., p 353. Notes on Bonasa umbellus, Colhins virginianus, and Melan- eypes erythrocephalus. ^* 03 !^. &Strea 32 i. YOl# 33 / 1724. Game in Town. By von W., J. G. L., J. L. Davison, Blue '^or, & Stream, 'gifJU .»JULlAa^ c r- c Ridge, E. T. Johnson and Hub. Ibid., Nov. 15, p. 323; Dec. 13, p. 40S; Dec. 20, p. 435 . — Bon asa umbellus, Colinus virginianus and Plnlohela - 'MSrtic XT fxC '"Si 17S4. Ruffed Grouse Eggs. By John Williams, /ifrf.— Notes on ninri- ^ P' her of eggs and period of incubation of Bonasa umbellus and Colinus vir- ,a ITT - ginianus. fO\\ feSteyam, VOlg 9 *^^ ^ ^/ A' 1722. A Ruffed Grouse in Town. By Henry J. Thayer. Ibid n2Sc — In Cambridge, Mass. Fotj & Stream. VU« 81. Vhnr. j} 1842. Grouse Notes. BvIivR 1 umbMus. .3^4*gtrei^fvW 1 44 - of Grouse. By Robert T - umbellus. Wq,, &SWm M P- 433 1774 - Rzffed Grouse's N ‘ Yol. 38 the ‘ Worces te r f Mass. ] Spy.“ 2 S''' &atrl - P- 42 1 -1 F ^S48. height of Grozzf l^^^^^^ ^ozzasa uznbellus. FOP. & 8 treaa^ '^90, 422. -Bonasa ‘■is, M. D. Jbid_ 1S72. bellus. % W. V. B. 38 nid. , p. ( 55 , . p. 467. — Bonasa nm- vanatior ‘733 C 7 733 - Ruffed Grouse. By F W //v 17-0. A Captive Grouse. By T R Rnti..n „ ' ^ Bonasa umbellus. l-Qr, & Stream, vl^, sC ’ P' ~ ‘ 330 - Grouse in Captivity. vidiial e , _ 4 . _ l-t-^^. ■■ A> «-WV (4^2 ’)^4 va>. 4 a>^ V ^JUa^^U/w, h^-0->-Ti4. ♦/^-t^-AAj-- 1^ . V L . « . , a 'y I CCi^AvCcw- Cin i.;®i^/J» tv-v%^ r4"-«-^A-KL ^-^-^. b-^4rv»/V> ) Si^j^ ^:s ;r^' ^ :3.H- ■ " 7 _3. w- S i-tvi^J.^ 1/.I.1 ' ^ 1 __, cv , u. >1* /iv. /yfj '| / ' OU^ ^5 ^ ' -^i:' dMjJjZ^ /vv-~«L o„ fUMtg raXu^ y-^. If-fiy ( v..'V•^J-v,V'^ K-AA-O.. vJ . S? <3 t . '^-- v«-«v\ ^ ! 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