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///UZ >3f/£/k4A<X4^

Auk, I, July, 1884. p. if $: e , ^ 7

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

3y James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, Water 3irds.

Auk, XXIII, Got., 1906, p.449.

85. Tringa canutus. Knot. — Regular migrant, rather common in
spring, May 25 to June 6; I can find no adult birds on the return flight;
the young come from August 23 (earliest August 9, 1896) to the first week
of September (Sept. 5, 1886, Hamilton, Ont.) and are not common.

8,

, - UidJf VZJ Bye Beach, N.H. 1868 .

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Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

F.W. Andros.

Tringa canutus Linn., Knot. Migrant, fair-
ly common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

Robin Snipe, Tringa canutus. This species I.
is as commonly observed in spring .as m i au-
tumn, a number being taken May 11 th, 188 a,
that date being the usual period of previous
observations.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.148

faiiore Birds of Cape Cod.

JohuO. Gaboon.

Red-breasted Sandpiper Tringa canutus
Linn.) Adults, Red-breasts; young, Gray-
iaoks, on Cape Cod. A common spring, sum-
tier, and autumn migrant. This beautiful
iird arrives early in May, a few passing as
ate as June 15 . In the summer, adult mi-
grants from the north reach the Cape as early
l8 July 15 , becoming common about August
;. The young arrive August 21 , and by that
late nearly all of the adults have passed south,
they remain as late as the first week in Octo-
jer, and a few straggle along up to November.
1'hey are very fat in the autumn, and as they
iring a good price in the markets, are much
sought after. They feed on the flats, sand
spits, and low beaches at low tide, on small
shell fish and marine animals. At high tide
they go on to the high beaches to roost. When
plenty, the young birds afford excellent, sport
as they fly in a compact flock, and are easily
decoyed to the blind by a person proficient in
shore bird shooting.

O.& O. XIII. Aug. 1888 P.12J.

Tringa can utus. — Two Red-breasted Sandpipers were shot by myself
on Muskeget March ig, 1890, but only one was saved ; this was a male.
There had been three in all, and they were all in the gray autumnal
plumage. The one skinned was very fat. According to two local
accounts these three birds had been living there a considerable part of the
winter, none having been seen before at this season. They were first
noticed about the middle of January. They were also seen by Mr. Mar-
cus Dunham on Feb. 15.

Ank» VII. July, 1800, P

Water Birds. Nantucket. Mass.

George rI.Ma.ck*y.

General Notes.

Tringa canutus. Three Knots, the first noted this spring' were seen
on Tuckernuck Island, May ri, 1892. Th?ee also were seen on the 27th.
On the 28th I saw a full-plumaged adult flying, well up, towards the south ;
the wind was southw est, strong breeze.

Ank 9, July, 1892. p.306.

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Knot (Tringa canutus ) Wintering in Massachusetts — The winter rec-
ords of our shore birds are so scanty that any new addition should be
very welcome, and in this connection I want to record the taking of two
Knots at Chatham on Dec. 31, 1909 — the very last day of the year. A
friend of mine to whom the birds were sent identified them, which he
described as being in the immature gray plumage and in as good condition
as fat young birds killed in the early fall. A party from Chatham were
out after rabbits on Monomoy Island near the flats and marshes which the
shore birds frequent in summer, when these two birds flew by. As they
were thought to be Black-bellied Plover the corresponding whistle was
given, whereupon both birds wheeled about, and as they came nearer
they were seen to be Knots. They were shot and both fell on solid ice.
As the last week’m December was bitterly cold, in fact the coldest part
of the winter, for the thermometer several times touched zero, it seems
strange that these birds should have stayed north, especially as everything
was frozen up and the flats and feeding grounds were covered with ice.
How they managed to find any sustenance, to say nothing of their being
fat, seems a mystery. That same week I was on Martha’s Vineyard Island
where I found a male Chewink wintering, which I reported in ‘The Auk/
Volume XXVII, p. 220. — S. Pkescott Fay, Boston, Mass.

Aak 27 . Juif ** 1 SLO 9 * 3 - 3 <?-J $0

I 9 i. Tringa canutus.

Knot; Rodin Snipe. — Occurs during the

migrations.

Bull N. 0.0, 7,Oot, 1882, p.250

Birds of Oneida County, New York.

Egbert Bagg.

Tringa canutus — A young bird was taken at Lewis Point, Oneida Lake,
in Madison County, Aug. 26, 1891.

Auk XI. April. 1894 p. 163

Tringa canutus. Knot. — A young male of the year was taken on the
Lake Ontario shore in the town of Carlton, Sept. 9, 1897, by Mr. Percy
Smithe of Medina.

•^7 ■

Auk, XYI, April, 1899, p y.^3-6.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE KNOT ( TRINGA CAN-

UTUS) .

BY GEORGE H. MACKAY.

This bird, which formerly sojourned on these shores in great
abundance, and occurs now to a limited extent during its migra-
tions, has been the subject of considerable inquiry as to the
cause of its appearing now in such reduced numbers. As each
contribution to the subject may add something in assisting correct
conclusions I have ventured to present the following resume,
especially of the habits and movements of this bird during its short
stay in Massachusetts while on migration. The Knot, Red
Breast, or Robin Snipe, is cosmopolitan in its migrations,
visiting various portions of either hemisphere. Little is known,
however, of its breeding places, and authentic eggs are almost
entirely unknown in collections. Lieut. Greely is reported to
have discovered an egg with the bird in the vicinity of Fort
Conger, in Lat. 8i° 33' (Auk, II, 313). It has been found
breeding along the shores of Smith’s Sound and the north coast
of Grinnell Land. Sabine in 1820 found it nesting in great
numbers on Melville Island, and in Parry's first voyage he found
it breeding on the North Georgian Islands. Capt. Lyons also in
1823 found it breeding on Melville Peninsula. On July 30, 1876,
Mr. Henry W. Fielding noted an old bird with three nestlings
at Knot Harbor, Grinnell Land (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Water Birds, Vol. I, p. 214). On the west coast of the Pacific
it migrates as far south as Australia and New Zealand to winter,
passing Japan and China. It also winters in Damara Land,
Africa, and in America has been taken as far south as Brazil.
The American bird differs only in size from the Japanese bird
( Tringa crassirostris ) , which is larger (Seebohm’s Plovers,
pp. 421,424). It is abundant during migrations on the coast of
British Columbia (‘Check List of British Columbian Birds,’ by
John Fannin). Mr. Ernest E. Thompson (‘Birds of Manitoba’)
also notes it as a spring migrant in Manitoba. Messrs. Sclater
and Hudson make no mention of it in their ‘Argentine Ornithol-
ogy,’ so if it reaches the southern portion of the South American
continent it has escaped their observation.

4

Albinistio Plumages. B.Deate,

31. Tringa canutus. Bed-breasted Sandpiper. — An instance of
albinism cited in the “ Zoologist,” Vol. IX, 1851, p. 3116 ( Merrill ).

Bull. N, O.O. 5, Jan., 1880, p. 26

ll

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The Eggs of the Knot ( Trtnga canutus') found at last! — No fact is
more generally recognized among ornithologists than the different de-
grees of distinction, so to speak, attaching to the discovery of the eggs
of different birds. The nests of some species have been found early, or
by accident; others before their absence from collections has excited
much notice ; while others still have long been the object of special and
diligent search, and the failure to find them has been commented upon
by many distinguished writers. Of this latter category no more marked
example can be found than the Knot. {Trtnga canutus L.). Seebohm,
in his entertaining ‘Siberia in Europe,’ tells us that when he and Harvie-
Brown , started for the Petchora, the birds “to the discovery of whose
eggs special interest seemed to attach, were the Grey Plover, the Little
Stint, the Sanderling, the Curlew Sandpiper, the Knot, and Bewick’s
Swan.”* And in a foot note he adds : “The Knot ( Tringa canutus , Linn.)
was the only one of these six species of birds which we did not meet
with in the valley of the Petchora. It probably breeds on the shores of
the Polar basin in both hemispheres, but its eggs are absolutely un-
known.”

Major Henry W. Feilden, naturalist to the Nares Arctic Expedition of
1875-76, says: “I was not so fortunate as to obtain the eggs of the Knot
during our stay in the Polar regions, though it breeds in some numbers
along the shores of Smith Sound and the north coast of Grinnell Land.

. . . . During the month of July my companions and I often endeavored to
discover the nest of this bird ; but none of us were successful. How-
ever, on July 30, 1876, the day before we broke out of our winter-quarters,
where we had been, frozen in eleven months, three of our seamen, walk-
ing by the border of a small lake, not far from the ship, came upon an
old bird accompanied by three nestlings, which they brought to me.”f
These young I have seen in the British Museum at South Kensington,
where, in company with a pair of the old birds, they constitute one of
the most attractive of the many ‘natural groups’ which adorn Mr. Sharpe’s
department.

Lieut. A. W. Greely, U. S. A., Commander of the late Expedition to
Lady Franklin Sound, succeeded in obtaining the long-sought-for egg of
this species; and has had the extreme kindness to ask me to publish the
first account of it.

Lieut. Greely writes me: “The specimen of bird and egg were ob-
tained in the vicinity of Fort Conger, latitude 8i° 44' N. The egg was
1. 10 inch [28 mm.] in the longer axis, and 1 inch [25.40 mm.] in the
shorter. Color, light pea green, closely spotted with brown in small
specks about the size of a pin-head.”— C. Hart Merriam, Locust Grove,
N. r.

Auk, 2, July, 1886. p. J /Z -3/3

* Siberia in Europe. By Henry Seebohm, London, 1880, p. 2.

t Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea. By Capt. Sir G. S. Nares, London, Vol.
II, 1878, pp. 211-212.

1002. Discovery of the Eggs of the Knot , Tringa canutus. — By J. E-
Harting. Ibid., Sept. 1885, P- 344 -— Referring to Dr. C. Hart Merriam’s
record in ‘The Auk’ (II, p. 312), and stating that “Sabine found the
Knot breeding in abundance on Melville Island” in 1820, and that “Capt.
Lyons found it breeding near Quilliam Creek, Melville Peninsula,” in
1823. Reference is also made to Sir John Richardson’s reporting “the
Knot as breeding in Hudson’s Bay, and down to the 55th Parallel,” etc.

n

£

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?

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt . 1 , 7/a ter Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1906, p. 449.

86. Arquatella maritima. Purple Sandpiper, — Regular fall migrant,
rare, October 27 to December 7; two birds in my collection are apparently
adults. This species is probably overlooked owing to the lateness of its
migration.

couesi SSTT ReC °1 S f ° r ^nada.- Arquatella maritima

of the Geological Surve^Tn

determination was made by Dr. Jonathan Dwight whl remarks" that th^
are undoubtedly couesi ” though darker than the typical coloration and
approaching manhma. Clayquot is on the west coast of V^couver

Island m a °° m ^^ude 49-15' This forms the first record for this sub-
species within the Dominion. . XK/X- * * 9 * 7

'V.

JQ*-A -***. . ^,

< f ' n -~*'

in the ‘Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society,’ Vol. VI, p. 16,
the capture of a specimen of the Purple Sandpiper (Arquatella mantvna)
at Metinic, Me., on August 11, 1902, was recorded. On August 6, 1907
while on Metinic Green Island, I saw another specimen of this bird. It
stood on a large rock (behind which the greater part of my body must
have been concealed from it), within three yards of me. 1 observ ^ d
critically, then tried to catch it; it flew readily, but showed the flight
feathers to be faded and worn, and nearly ready to be moulted. Its tame-
ness was in part due, I believe, to the drenchii^ram which was falling
Arthur H. Norton, Portland, Me. Q •, 7

Shore Birds of Cape Cod.
John 0 . Gaboon.

Purple Sandpiper, Tringa maritima (Brunu. )
An irregular autumn and winter visitor on the
Cape. This bird is tolerably common in the
autumn and winter, but it is not regular in its
appearance. It is found on the north side of
the Cape on ttie rocky and pebbly shores. Mr.
W. A- Jeffries shot one as early as Sept. 11,
1887, at Chatham, on the sandy beach. It does
not usually arrive before October 1, and is
rarely seen on a sandy beach. Its food con-
sists of small snails and other shell flsli which

collect on rocks and pebbles.

Q.&O. XIII, Aug. 1838 P.12S.

9?2<Z<L<L' lo JbtA&Si /

Arquatella maritima maritima. Purple Sandpiper. On May 30
1917, on the Salvages off Rockport, Mass., I saw a flock of about forty
Purple Sandpipers, six of which were taken.

132 .

Bird Notee from Long Island, N, Y.
William Dutcher.

#

14. Tringa maritima. Purple Sandpiper.— This species was one of
the desiderata of Hr. Giraud, who wrote of it as follows : “ This species I
have never met with, and from my own observations of its habits and
customs I know nothing. On the shore of Long Island it is exceedingly
rare. Of all the transient visitors, there is no species for which I have
made more diligent search than the Purple Sandpiper. At different
seasons of the year, I have traversed the beaches and shoals on the south,
and rambled over the rocky shores of the north side of the Island — but
thus far it has eluded all my endeavors. Respecting it, I have had fre-
quent conversations with the bay-men, without gathering any information,
it being to those with whom I have conversed entirely unknown ; and
were it not from having in my possession a specimen that was purchased
in Fulton Market, and having seen two or three others that were procured
through the same source — all of which, it is said, were shot on the eastern
end of the Island — I would not feel at liberty to include it in our local
Fauna.” *

It is very probable that this Sandpiper is only found, now, as when
Mr. Giraud wrote of it, on the eastern portion of the Island, and perhaps
on the north side, where it can find the rocky shores so necessary to its
existence. Mr. Newbold T. Lawrencef and Mr. Robert B. Lawrence,!
both well known in connection with Long Island birds, have each recorded
one specimen from the Island. It is further probable that it is not only
a regular winter visitant, but that it is not uncommon in suitable localities
on Long Island. Its being found only on rocky shores and during the
winter months, accounts largely for its being overlooked. The bleakness
and desolation of winter along the seashore deters sportsmen from fre-
quenting it even at the most favorable times, but when there is added the
snow and sleet of a northeast gale none but the hardy members of the
Life Saving Crews, those noblemen who ever stand ready to risk their
own lives to save those of storm-tossed and surf-beaten mariners, and the
isolated few who devote their lives to solitude and loneliness in the light-
house towers, that stand as beacons to warn the sailor where danger lurks,
ever have the opportunity of observing this boreal Sandpiper in its chosen
surroundings. At the entrance to Long Island Sound lies a small rocky
island, known as Little Gull, on which is erected a lighthouse that by
day and night serves as a guide from the stormy waters of the Atlantic to
the land-locked Long Island Sound. The keeper of this light, Mr. H. P.
Field, has given me many valuable notes, and some specimens, of the
birds of his vicinity. His means of communication with the mails are
by sailing a long distance to the nearest port on Long Island, or else to
put off in a small boat and hail some inward bound vessel and get the
master to forward his notes or specimens. Communication is therefore
so infrequent that I supply him with small blank books in which he makes
almost daily records of the birds noted ; also the weather and temperature.
These books are sent to me January and July first. In the report for the
first half of 1886, Mr. Field noted, January 23 : “Observed some small Snipe
feeding on the rocks, — temp. 20 0 .” The next day he notes : “ The little
Snipe still here, while it is snowing hard, — temp. 8°.” Nonq were seen
again until January 30, when he writes : “One little Snipe made its appear-
ance again to-day, — temp. 32 0 .” February 1, another one joined the
solitary individual noted January 30. This pair remainded until the 10th
of February, “feeding on the rocks,” although the temperature on the 4th
was — 2 0 . On the 17th they returned, remaining one day and then dis-
appeared until February 23. They again wandered off, returning March 3,
and remaining three days. None were seen again until March 25, when
one returned to say to Mr. Field that the temperature of 38° was entirely
too tropical, and that he wished to say for himself and his mates, farewell,
as they were about to start fora more frigid clime. The journey evidently
was commenced, as none were again seen.

Mr. A. H. Helme, while at Montauk Point in December, 1886, saw three
individuals of this species and secured two of them, a male and female.
The first one secured was shot about two miles west of the Point, and the
second was killed near Fort Pond, about four miles from the Point. Feb-
ruary 10, 1887, a flock of three made their appearance at Little Gull Island,
and Mr. Field secured them all and sent them to me in the flesh. No
others visited either Little Gull Island or Montauk Point, during the
winter of 1886-87. November 1, 1887, a solitary individual was shot at
Montauk Point, by Capt. Scott, who sent it to me, together with a Sander-
ling {Calidris arenaria), which was shot from a flock of twenty at the
same place and«on the same day.

* Birds of Long Island, pp. 236, 237. j

fForest and Stream, Vol. X, p. 235. V, April, 1888 . P. 17 ^~

t Ibid., Vol. XXVII, p. 428.

cry, Xj 2 zy J^&cc^/ .

io. Tringa maritima. Purple Sandpiper I shot h • , • ,

Swinburn Hospital Island, Lower New York Bay. Nov 7 Z jVd
been sailing for Ducks, and the wind failing had landed’ „ H r, l

sr~z ■’ tjzzt r * s rr j

food. „ Lje™;Z“S: ” e " d ' n ^ >“ «. ■»«* Tor

BttU, N.O.O. 0, April, 1881, t . /%(* •

1193. Long. Island Bird Notes. By Robert B. Lawrence. Ibid., No.

22, Dec. 23, p. 428. Notes on 4 species — Tringa maritima , Somateria

dresseri , Oceanites Oceanians, and Nyctala acadica. F ©T, Bg Ste^ajU* VOl, XX VII

j is tt tOa-r ') 1 ^ ,v< A

4, c .-

Tringa maritima. A specimen was shot on Great South Bay by An-
drew Chichester, a gunner of Amityville, on Nov. 23, 1899, and sent to me.

It was alone, on a bank of sea-weed drift. It is rare on this part of the
coast, where the shore is altogether sandy, with an entire absence of the
rocks among which it ordinarily seeks its food.

Auk, XIX, April., 1902, p.

(J^l *. 1/Lu*, Ug J’ ( Jt. e^UJL^U ^

1. A. maritima. Breeding dress: Pileum streaked with yellowish-
gray, or grayish- white ; scapulars and interscapulars irregularly spotted
and indented with dull buff, or whitish, and bordered terminally with
white; foreneck and jugulum distinctly streaked with dusky, the breast
dull grayish, everywhere spotted with darker. Winter dress : Back and
scapulars sooty black strongly glossed with purplish, the feathers bordered
terminally with dark plumbeous-gray ; jugulum uniform mouse-gray, or
brownish plumbeous. Young, first plumage : Scapulars, interscapulars, and
wing-coverts bordered with pale grayish-buff, with little or none of rusty.
Chick : Above hair-brown, lighter and grayer on the nape, the brown
irregularly marbled with black, the wings, back, and rump thickly be-
spangled with white downy flecks ; head grayish-white, tinged with ful-
vous, variously marked with black, the lores having two distinct longitu-
dinal, nearly parallel streaks ; lower parts grayish-white, without fulvous
tinge. Average measurements of 13 adults: Wing, 5.06; culmen, 1.20;
tarsus, 0.99; middle toe, 0.90. Hub., Northeastern North America,
Europe, etc.

Bull, N. 0.0, 5, July, 1880, p, / &£ ■

Tr inga maculata .

| Cambridge
! 1881.
j Oct. 5.

,!

J'vIclSS »

" I had hilled 18 drassblrds that afternoon Jj )ct.5, 1381
on the "big marsh^] ; it was a stormy windy day bu& not ranch
rain fell in the afternoon"

Prom a letter by William E.V/all, 14 Morgan St., Somer-
ville, Mass., dated Jan. 22, 1398.

Birds within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts-, Can, OoJGeau <fc Merriam

91. Actodromas maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. — Occurs in fall,
but is not common.

BuJLL, N.O.Ob 7 , Qot, 1882 , p, 239

Birds of N.B. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

42 . Tringa maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. — Very common all along
the coast after the middle of August. Particularly abundant about the
Hopedale Mission, where they were almost as tame as English Sparrows.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.28.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James E. Fleming.

Pt.I, Y/ater Birds.

AuX, XXIII, Got., 1906, p.449.

87. Actodromas maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. — Common fall
migrant. Mr. Nash gives July 23, 1891, as the earliest record; usually
from August 13 to 31; and September 26 to October 27, 1891.

Rye Beach, N.H.l 866.

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«_ ^c<-6t*Xlo^Ca.. _ ’ Rye Beach, N. H. 3870.

Rye Beach, N.H.l 871. ' /, 1 J

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i

I

Birds of Bristol County , Mass.
Bird F.W. Andros.

Tringa maculata Vieill., Pectoral Sandpiper.
Migrant, common.

O.&O. XXI. Sept. 1887 P-* 38

Limicolae in Bristol County.
H. F. Dexter, Dartmouth, Mass .

Pectoral Sandpiper, Actodromas maculata.
This species occurs commonly in autumn, fre-
quenting the “ grassy salt meadows ” in prefer-
ence to the sands of the coast.

O.&O. XII, Sept. 1887 p.148

Wintering of Pectoral Sandpiper on
Monomoy Island, Mass.

. BY JOHN C. CAHOON.

On April 9, a gentleman stopping with me on
the Island, found two Pectoral Sandpipers near
a salt pond on the marsh, and shot one, a $ .

Several days later, 1 secured the other in the
same localitj r , which also proved to be a $ .

When 1 left the Island late in November last,
there were several remaining about the marsh
near the pond, and from the fact that the above
birds were seen by parties in March, leads me :
to think that they remained in that locality all I
winter. The portion of the marsh that they '
were found on is sheltered by numerous sand
hills. The birds taken were poor, their stom-
achs were well filled, and contained with other
matters several thin, compressed whitish
worms. I have never before seen this bird in
the spring on our Cape Cod coast, and our old-
est and most experienced gunner in this vicin-
ity says that he has never seen or known of one
being taken in the spring.

O.&o. XIII. July. 1888 p.108

j April 30tli, shot a Pectoral Sandpiper,
which I flushed from a marsh. This bird is
also of rare occurrence in the spring, and I
have one other instance of its being taken on
the Cape at this season. Two were shot at
Monomoy Island in April, 1888, an account of
which was published in the O. & O., under the
heading of “Probable Wintering of the Pec-
toral Sandpiper, at Monomoy Island, Mass.”

John C. Cahoon.

O.&O. XIV. Jim- 1 ooo

Two Pectoral Sandpipers were taken on the
salt marshes April 4th, by a Taunton member,
making a second record for this bird in the
spring at the island.

*’ Siiore Birds of Cape Cod.

John C. Cahoon.

Pectoral Sandpiper, Tringa maculata (Vieill.)
Grass-bird on Cape Cod. A common summer,
and autumn migrant. I do not know of any of
these birds being seen on the Cape in the
spring, and, if they do occur, it is very rarely.
The first comers in their migrations south
reach the Cape early in August, becoming com-
mon by the last of that month and increasing
and decreasing at intervals during September.

I copy from my note-book of 1885 as fol-
lows :

“ Sept. 23, wind blowing from the northwest.
The storm of last night caused a flight of shore
birds. On the meadows (salt), which the rain
had overflowed, I found Pectoral Sandpipers
abundant.”

Under date of August 31, 1S86, I found notes
as follow :

“The wind and rain of the 30th brought
along a flight of birds. Pectorals abundant on
the meadows.”

Under date of October 4, same year, I find
“Pectoral Sandpipers common;” and later,
Oct. 22, “Found only four Pectorals on the
meadows to-day.”

This present year (1887), although only a
few stopped, three were seen on the meadows
as late as Nov. 1. I think very few ornithol-
ogists are aware of the protracted stays made
by some of our shore birds in the autumn. I
was surprised this last fall, on date of Novem-
ber 14, to find several small flocks of Black-!
bellied Plover, Sanderlings and Red-backed
Sandpipers about the flats, as we had been hav-
ing some cold, blustering weather with snow
squalls. On the Cape it does not go on to the
sandy beaches and flats, but frequents wet,
fresh and salt meadows and marshes. Its
favorite resorts are salt meadows or marshes,
near the shore, on which the grass has been
cut, and which after a rain is covered with
shallow pools of brackish water. Its food
consists principally of small shell fish and
worms. They also eat small grasshoppers and
crickets which are very numerous on the
meadows. Their flight and action when
flushed are much like the Wilson’s Snipe, and
I mentioned it in the O. & O., Vol. XI, No. 1,
page 10. Several old gunners at the Cape say
that there are two distinct varieties, basing their
inference on the difference in the size of the
birds. I had supposed until this last fall that
they were adult and young, but on examining
some of largest birds, I found both adult and
young among the number. There is certainly
a great difference in the size, the former being
more delicately formed, less common, and are
more frequently seen on the fresh meadows and
marshes some distance from the shore.

O.&O. XIII. Aug. 3,888 p.i2S-«V

zZ

^ It

Revere, Mass., May, 1889. Mr. George A. Tapley saw
band pip ers {Pisobia maculata), in one flock, and shot one of
1890, he saw two and shot both.

At* 28, /ZO,

six Pectoral
them; May,

1 884.]

^Nelson on f/fe Pectoral Sandpiper.

219

THE BREEDING HABITS OF THE PECTORAL
SANDPIPER (. ACTODROMAS MACULATA).

BY E. W. NELSON.

During my residence in Alaska I found this Sandpiper — the
E-a-b 6 uk-ki-iig-i-shu-i-a-guk of the natives of Alaska — to be

extremely common at the mouth of the Yukon River, where the
low grassy flats afford it a much frequented breeding ground.

It arrives on the shores of Bering’s Sea, near St. Michael’s,
from the 15th to the 25th of May, and, after lingering about wet
spots where the green herbage just begins to show among the
universal browns of the tundra, they pair and seek nesting places.
It is a common but never very abundant bird near St. Michael’s
during both migrations, but it is rare there in the breeding
season. This is difficult to account for, as the bird is extremely
common at the latter period on the low flat islands in the Yukon
Delta not far to the south, and it is also common at other points
on the coast. Dali found it at Plover Bay, East Siberia, and I
found it common on the north coast of Siberia, the last of July,
1881, where, like the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper, it was evidently
upon its breeding ground. Flocks of these Sandpipers arrive on
the east coast of Bering’s Sea before the ground is entirely free
from snow, and during September, in company with A. acu-
minata , are numerous about small brackish pools and the banks
of tide creeks. October, with its frosty nights and raw unpleas-
ant days, soon thins their ranks, until by the 10th or'i2th the last
one has gone.

The last of May, 1879, I pitched my tent on a lonely island in
the Yukon Delta and passed the several following weeks in
almost continual physical discomfort, owing to the rain and
snowstorms which prevailed ; however, I look back with
pleasure upon the time passed here among the various waterfowl;
when every day contributed new and strange scenes to my pre
vious experience.

The night of May 24 I lay wrapped in my blanket, and from
under the raised flap of the tent looked out over as dreary a
cloud-covered landscape as can be imagined. The silence was
unbroken save by the tinkle and clinking of the disintegrating ice
in the rivers, and at intervals by the wild notes of some restless
Loon, which arose in a hoarse, reverberating cry and died away
in a strange gurgling sound. As my eyelids began to droop and
the scene to become indistinct, suddenly a low, hollow, booming
note fell ujron my ear and sent my thoughts back to a spring morn-
ing in Northern Illinois, and to the loud vibrating tones of the
Prairie Chicken. Again the sound arose nearer and more
distinct, and with an effort I brought myself back to the reality

989. Pectoral Sandpiper [Tringa maculata] in Dumbartonshire. By
J. E. Harting. Ibid., April, 1883, p. 177. — A specimen killed Nov. 24,

j:i-hac<x y p._y ,

Pisobia maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper. — First appeared Aug. 2;
common until Sept. 16 when they disappeared. Oct. 13 they again be-
came common but departed the same day, only a few remaining until
Oct. 20.

Alik 2'7« Juiy-iBlO £). 3 ////.

Sexual Difference in Size of the Pectoral Sandpiper ( Tringa macu-
lata). — I have fora number of summers noticed that the local shore bird
gunners at Newport and Jamestown, R. I., speak of two sizes of Pectoral
Sandpipers or, as they call the bird, Kreikers. They go so far as not only
to say this is a big or little Kreiker after the bird is in hand, but say here
comes a big or little one as the bird is seen flying toward the blind. I
have just examined a large series, fifty specimens, from throughout the
range of the species including both spring and autumn birds, in regard
to this point of size and find that twenty-five females average : Wing,
4-95 1 tarsus, 1.05 ; and bill, 1.07 ; and twenty-five males : Wing, 5.4; ; tar-
sus, 1 .1 1 ; bill, 1. 12 ; or, that in the males the rving averages .50, the tarsus,
.06, and the bill .05 larger than in the females. Mr. II. B. Bigelow, who
has taken a great number of these birds, calls my attention to the fact that
the little and big, that is females and males, flock together and that the
little birds always appear in the autumn a week or so before the big
ones ; the latter has not been my experience. I cannot find a manual

that mentions any difference in the size of the sexes of this species and
therefore believe it worthy of note. — Reginald Heber Howe, Jr.,
Long-wood, Mass. Auk, XVI, April, 1899, pp./yf-/9o.

Sexual Difference in Size of the Pectoral Sandpiper ( Tringa macu-
lata ). — In connection with my note in ‘ The Auk ’ (Vol. XVI, April, 1899,
p. 179), I have lately run across the following reference which seems of
interest. From John Murdoch’s account of the birds observed at Point
Barrow, Alaska (see Lt. P. H. Ray’s Report of the Expedition, 1885, p. hi)

I quote the following: “ There is frequently a great disparity of size
between the two sexes. A comparison of the large series we collected
shows that the average length of the female is about three quarters of an
inch less than that of the male, but that the smallest female was fully an
inch and a half shorter than the largest male. The difference in size is so
marked that the natives noticed it and insisted that the small females
were not Aibwffkia, but Niwiliwilfik ( Ereunetes ■pusillus.) ” Certainly
such facts should be in our manuals. — Reginald Heber Howe, Jr.,
Long-wood , Mass. XVIII, J&U., 1901, P. ! o' - ] ,

K w - c ?f st of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

45- Tringa fuscicollis. White
at Port Manvers after August 10.
ever there were beaches.

-rumped
On the

Sandpiper.— Very abundant
way south we met them wher-

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.28.

Birds within Ten Miles of Foil
de Monts, Can, 0©zaeau<fc Mercia,

92. Actodromas bonapartii. White-rumped Sandpiper. — Mr.
Comeau shot one May 31, 18S2.

Bait, N, 0.0, 7,Oot, 1882,' P. 239

ins* (rwO >1

Wl ^ trwWluJ i ( W. „

ifot,

Actodromas fuscicollis. White-rumped Sandpiper. — Several
were seen at Ingonish.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1906, p. 449.

88. Actodromas fuscicollis. White-rumped Sandpiper. — Regular
migrant, not common, May 26 to June 14 (latest June 21, 1898); returning
August 23 to September 24; and October 26 to November 2.

Early Occurrence of the White-rumped Sandpiper (Pisobia fusci-
collis) in Maine. — A male White-rumped Sandpiper in nuptial plumage
was secured on April 27, 1912, at Scarborough Maine. The bird was alone.

The only other instances of its occurrence in the state in spring, known
to me, are those recorded by Mr. Nathan Clifford Brown, May 30, 1881,
and May 29, 1882. 1 Both of these recorded by Mr. Brown are in the
collection of the Portland Society of Natural History, and the one here
recorded in that of the writer.

The bird according to Mr. W. W. Cooke is rare on the Atlantic coast of
the United States, in spring, north of Virginia, 2 and its occurrence at this
season has been later than the close of the first week in May. 1 — Arthur
H. Norton, Portland, Me. Jh**t,XXI*.Cr1r, /?/£ yjy\

i Proc. Portland Society of N. H., II, p. 27 .

I Bull. 35, U. S. Biol. Survey, p. 38.

1 1. c.

c/ <

/ •^ A -'—it £■(* Eye Beach, N.H. i870.

y , f . . 3 ' &*. L,. A <

Uia**. cj a. OTTiA-oAj*. a>Jju- , _ {jUuh. > / f / /a 3i~ ^ 0 B^ach, N. H. 1871 .

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12. / /J- Rye Beach, N.H. 1872 .

7 <^U

>u^Cy ^ l^ZZZi^ -T2£

err, (Jl^C J&prir} . .. ^ g\ Sge^rrrJt.

6. Tringa fusctcollis. Three obtained by self, Oct., 1880. Three only

seen.

6 . Tringa. fusctcollis

Bull, N.Q.O, SjAprili 1881, P.li

Shore Birds of Cape Cod.

John 0. Gaboon.

White-rumped Sandpiper, Tringa fuscicollis
(Vieill.) Peep; Sandpiper on Cape Cod. A tol-
erably common autumn migrant. Like preced-
ing species, this bird is a rare visitor on Cape
Cod in the spring. All of the writers of New
England ornithology have described it as being
abundant in its migrations. It may be in some
portions of New England, but it is certainly
not so on Cape Cod, or the islands off the Cape.
In its southern migration, the first ones arrive
at the Cape about Sept. 1. Individuals con-
tinue to arrive until the last of the month, and
from this period until Oct. 5 they are the most
common. None are seen after Oct. 15. It fre-
quents the wet meadows and marshes near the
shore, feeding on small insects and shell fish.
It shows no preference to the marshes, being
as often seen on the sand flats and beaches.
On the flats it is seen singly, or in small
flocks mixing with other sandpipers, feeding
along the edges of channels and the receding
tide water, on such tiny worms, fleas, and
shell fish as they may find there. I have never
seen more than eight in a flock. They some-
times go on to the high beach to rest during
high tide.

/<

~ ~f' 6+uc /s~ *

W - V > inv» — t ^ j x . n

O.&O. XIII. Aug. 1888 p. 12 y.

30

Birds of Oneida County, New York.

Egbert Bagg.

Tringa fuscicollis. — Several killed on the south shore of Oneida Lake,
Nov. 3, 1891. An additional record.

Auk XI. April. 1894 p. 163

Tringa fuscicollis. White-romped Sandpiper. — Mr. Percy Smithe
of Medina secured a- male of this species from the lake shore in Carlton,
Oct. 16, 1897.

cA/^ . Aul£ . XVI, April, 1899 l P^

Tringa fuscicollis, White-rumped Sandpiper. — On Sept. 29, 1898,
I found a mortally wounded specimen along the lake shore and two more
were seen. As near as I can find out this is the first record of the occur-
rence of the White-rumped Sandpiper in Yates County or adjoining

counties.

Cl,

Auk, XVI, July, 1899, p. ZVtT-

Pisobia fuscicollis. White-rumped Sandpiper. — Three individuals
were taken Oct. 13 , and 5 seen Oct. 16 . They were accompanying Pec-
torals but did not mingle with them.

Auk 27. July -1910

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Brief Notes.

Baird’s Sandpiper at Hamilton, Ont.— Although very
few of the Plovers or Sandpipers raise their young in this
neighborhood, the Killdeer Plover and the Spotted and
Solitary Sandpipers being all we can name as Summer resi-
dents, yet as early as the 15th of August, should it blow
from the northeast with a slightly lowering temperature,
groups composed of Sanderlings, Least and Semipal mated
Sandpipers with a few Turnstones, may be seen boring into
the muddy flats or following the receding waves along the
sandy shores of the bay, in search of their favorite fare.
On the 25th ult, while examining one of these mixed flocks,
I noticed one individual whose cry was different from that
of the others; it had also a peculiar zig-zag, Snipe-like
flight, often rising to a considerable height and suddenly
taking a header toward the ground again. Acting on Dr.
Coues’ advice of shooting an unknown bird at sight, I did
so as soon as I could, and had the satisfaction of picking
up a Baird’s Sandpiper, the first found in Ontario so far as
I am aware. In markings it resembles both the Least and
Pectoral Sandpipers, but as stated in “New England Bird
Life,” is in size intermediate between the two— a distinc-
tion by which it is readily identified.— If. C. Mcllwraith,
Hamilton , Ont&» & 0 . X. Oct. 1885. p./6o

Baird’s Sandpiper in Ontario.

BY W. E. SAUNDERS, LONDON, ONX.

Some time ago in looking over my series of
Sandpipers, I suspected that a specimen labelled
“ White-rumped, Port Franks, Ont., Sept. 5,

1883.” was not of that species, and after some
study determined it to be Baird’s. I sent the
skin to D. D. Merriam, and he very kindly cor-
roborated my identification and returned the
skin.

On August, 17, 188G, I took another at Port
Stanley, from some Least Sandpipers, but it
I was unfortunately destroyed by a oat. The
first-mentioned is the first earliest recorded cap-
ture of the species in Ontario, several individ-
uals mentioned in that useful volume, ,l Birds
of Ontario,” by Thomas Mellraith, Esq., being
the only other recorded occurrences.

0,& O. XIII. Jnne. 1888 p . 96

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, Waber Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1905, p.449.

89. Actodromas bairdii. Baird’s Sandpiper. — Regular fall migrant,
not uncommon; all I have examined are young birds, August 12 to Sep-
tember 24. Mr. Nash gives July 28 to October 10.

4. Tringa bairdii Ctoes. Baird’s Sandpiper. — My brother, Mr.
Philip G. Brown, shot a young male of this species as it was flying along
Scarborough Beach, on September 9, 1875. It was in company with an-
other bird, apparently of the' same species, which escaped. This is its first
recorded appearance on the coast of Maine.

. *f. /y-tnvn , A~V . i f*— * ■

Bull, N.Q.CJ, 2, Jaa., 1877.p„ jjr"

Baird’s Sandpiper at Scarborough. Maine. — Two immature ex-
amples of Baird’s Sandpiper ( Actodromas bairdi') were shot at Little
River, Scarborough, on September n, 1883, by my friends Messrs. Win-
throp Root and Fred. Mead, who gave me an opportunity of examining
their specimens in the flesh. The birds were killed together, but were
unaccompained by others of any species.

It will he rememhered that, up to the present time, but one instance
has been recorded* of the occurrence of Baird’s Sandpiper on the Maine
coast. — Nathan Clifford Brown, Portland , Maine.

* See this Bulletin, Vol. II, p. 28 ; also Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., April, 1883.

Ball. NY 0. C, 8, Oct. 1883. p. y 3 .

Auk, XIII, Jan. , 1890, p.

Baird’s Sandpiper in Maine. — During the autumn of 1895 I made but
two visits to the seashore and shot but seven Peeps, jet I secured two
Baird’s Sandpipers ( Tringa bairdii'). I passed the forenoon of Sept. 7 on
Scarborough Beach, where I found less than a dozen Peeps and shot only
five. Four of these were Semipalmated Sandpipers, the other was a Baird’s
Sandpiper. On Sept. 14 1 went to the beach again. In walking the entire
length of it, — perhaps a mile and a half, — I saw but three Peeps. One
of them escaped me. The others were shot together, and proved to be an
Ereunetes and a Baird’s Sandpiper. — Nathan Clifford Brown, Port-
land \ Me.

Occurrence of Baird’s Sandpiper ( Tringa bairdi) on the New
Hampshire Coast. — While out on the marsh at Rye Beach, N. H.,
August 26, my attention was called by my companion to a “Large Peep,”
as he called it. Upon shooting the bird we found it to be a Tringa bairdi.

The same afternoon I obtained another specimen of this bird which was
running along the beach in company with a large flock of Peeps. Both
birds were very tame and allowed a quite near approach. This is the
first record of this bird for New Hampshire. — Henry M. Spelman,
Cambridge. Mass. BuU.N.0.0. 6, Jan,, 1881, p. £/.

Baird’s Sandpiper at Newfound Lake, Hebron, N. H.— While on a
morning’s collecting trip September 4, 1906, on the marshes at the head
of Newfound Lake, Hebron, N. H., we obtained a specimen of Baird s.
Sandpiper ( Actodromas bairdii) collected by F. G. Blake. It was in com-
pany with Gallinago delicata, Actodromas maculata, A. minutilla, Totanus
melanoleucus, T. flavipes, Helodromas solitarius, Aclitis macularia, and
JEgialitis semipalmata. The bird is now in the mounted collection of
Camp Pasquaney, Bridgewater, N. H. According to Mr. G. M. Allen’s
‘Birds of New Hampshire,’ this is the fourth locality in which Baird’s
Sandpiper has been taken in the State. — Francis G. and Maurice C.
Blake, Hanover, N. H. &al£, XXIV, Jan,, 1907, p,

/in

0-.

^<13/ fl-l

_____ r / c.

fr*zr/z. Ikr

Addition to the List of the Shore
Birds of Cape Cod.

BY JOHN C. CAHOON.

I wish to add Baird’s Sandpiper (T. bairdii)
to my list of The Shore Birds of Cape Cod.

A young $ of this species was shot on Mono-
moy flats, August 30th of the present year, by
Mr. Sanford of New Haven, Conn. This is the
first instance of its occurrence, to my know-
ledge, on Cape Cod.

O & O. XIII. Dec. 1888 p. 189

368. Baird's Sandpiper at Marblehead , Mass. By Charles R. Lamb.
Ibid. , p. 37.— Taken Aug. 15, 1881. $5tiar, JoUr, BOSa ZOOl» SOO, g

P-Zcw £ v r y/ 10 ^

Ooi. Boston 800. Nat. History,

Actodromas bairdii. Baird’s Sandpiper. — A male taken at Newbury-
port, Mass., September 6, 1906, was presented by Mr. John H. Hardy, Jr.

Aok 26, Apr-l»08,p. 2.3?

CAanjLcmr Triads f. Gfcf; /9/0,

Baird’s Sandpiper in Massachusetts. — While at Chatham, Mass.,
I obtained a specimen of Baird’s Sandpiper ( Pisobia bairdi ) which was
shot October 18, 1910, on Monomoy Point. The identification was verified
by Mr. C. J. Maynard, of West Newton, who now has the skin. — Mrs.
E. R. Jump, West Newton, Mass.

2S, Jan- 1911, p. /&

3 ?

Baird’s Sandpiper at New Haven, Connecticut.-On October 10 l8So
° a '"f T, ' n ‘S a _ bai rdii at New Haven, Conn. It was tying high
ove, a sandsp.t runmng out into New Haven harbor, in a flock of about
twenty other Sandpipers, of what species I am unable to say
Another specimen of this species, a female in the young plumage now
in the collection of Mr. C. C. Trowbridge, New Haven, las shift at the
same locality, Oct. 28, 1887. These make the second and third records *

iJSfcoJZ' pip lnKr£T-897 LBWIS B - Wo — .

Capture of Baird's Sandpiper on Long Island.— On September
22, 1880, I shot a specimen of Tringa batrdi on Montauk, Long Island.
The bird was in a flock of “ Peeps” {Ereunetes fusillus), feeding on the
beach of Great Pond, a brackish lake often in communication with the
Sound. It so closely resembled the “ Peeps ” that I only noticed it on
account of its larger size. The skin I preserved, though badly cut by the
shot. — Daniel E. Moran, Brooklyn , N. T.

[This is apparently the first known occurrence of this species on the

Atlantic Coast southjfNe P. *><>

Baird’s Sandpiper on Long Island, N. Y. — a Correction. In the
Bulletin for January, 1882, p. 60, it is stated that the record of a specimen
of this species from Long Island is apparently its first from any point
south of New England. A note to the editors from Dr. E. A. Mearns
calls attention to a previous record of the species for Long Island in an
article by Newbold T. Lawrence, entitled “Notes on Several Rare Birds
Taken on Long Island, N. Y.,” published in “Forest and Stream,” Vol.

X, No. 13, p. 235, May 2, 1878, as follows

“ Tringa bairdii , Baird’s Sandpiper.— Four specimens taken at Rocka-
way. The first two in September, 1872, shot on a small piece of meadow,
out of a flock of Tringa minutilla. The third was taken August 26, 1873,
while snipe shooting on a low strip of sand that separates the ocean and
bay. My attention was first called to it by hearing a peculiar long-drawn
whistle, and soon after I perceived a small snipe flying very high. The
next moment it darted down and settled among my decoys, where I se-
cured it. The fourth was taken in the same locality as the first two, Sep-
tember 20, 1874. Three of the above specimens were males.”— Edd

Bull. N.O.O. 7, April, 1.882, p. IJt? ~

2. Bonaparte’s Sandpiper. — ( Actodro -

_ '’fuscicollis.) (Yieill.) Riclgw. Not a

^ r are migrant. An adult female taken at

Owasoo Lakej K y., Sept. 15th, 1879, and
a second fem^ej^eiypj tfye saifig jgcalit^
October 5th, 1879. ’ * “ 3

. , _.£4!L Baird’s Sandpiper . — ( Actodromas

* 8 * » ^ X oaifm') (Coues.) Regular migrant. Sep-
ywtu t embe r 17th, ’78, Samuel F. Rathbun.

October 5th, ’79, Charles F. Wright. Lo-
cality, Fair Haven, N. Y. Generally found
as individuals in AompAnxwit]
pipers ; never observe'

rSand-

.p. /»3

Long Island Bird Not*s N. T. Lawrence

13. Actodromas bairdii. Baird's Sandpiper— Shot a female of this
species on the salt meadow at Far Rockaway in August, 1882. Entirely
alone when captured. J

Auk, 2, July, 1886. p.273

The Baird’s Sandpiper (. Actodromas bairdii ) at Locust Grove, New
York. August 18, 1885, while Dr. C. H. Merriam and the writer were

BMrd’f S 7 " C ° Unt T r ° ad a ‘ Ule ab ° Ve locali ‘r -e discovered a solitary
Baird s Sandpiper on the edge of a small, temporary poo, of water formed

by the recent rains. It was a female of the year in fine plumage and
was evidently a straggling migrant which had dropped down hap hazard
to feed and rest. Most of the eastern stragglers Of this species hitherto
recorded have been from the Atlantic coast, but undoubtedly the bird
occurs more or less commonly all the way across the interior country—
II. W. Henshaw, Washington , D. C . Auk, 2, Oct. , I8S0. p. 3

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Baird’s Sandpiper on Long Island Sound, N. Y. — Dr. E. H. Eames
and I shot two Baird’s Sandpipers ( Tringa bairdii ) Sept. 29, 1894, at
Seaside Park, on Long Island Sound. There were ten or more in the
flock, also a few Semipalmated Sandpipers. They were very unsuspecting
and the whole flock might have been taken. Mr. J. B. Canfield, also of
this city, secured a fine male a few days later. — H. II. Taylor, Bridge-
fort, Conti. Auk, XII, April, 1895, P« /7f

Atlk, XIII, Jan. , 1866 , p.*>.

Baird’s Sandpiper at East Hampton, Long Island, N. Y. — On Sept.

17, 1895, a Baird’s Sandpiper ( Tringa bairdii') was shot at East Hamp-
ton, Long Island, N. Y., and another bird of apparently the same species
escaped. A Semipalmated Sandpiper was with them. — C. Wheaton
Vaughan, New York City.

Tringa bairdii. Baird’s Sandpiper. — A mounted specimen in my
collection marks the first occurrence (so far as I have been able to learn)
of this Sandpiper in the western half of New York State. It was taken,
together with one other of its kind, Sept. 3, 1895, at “ the head of still
water,” on Oak Orchard Creek (just north of Waterport) by Mr. John
Ritenburgh of Gaines. These two specimens slumbered unrecognized,
in the possession of Mr. Ritenburgh until Sept., 1897, when they were
turned over to Mr. Ernest H. Short. If Mr. Short recognized these
birds as Tringa bairdii , he made no stir about the matter nor any record
of the rare occurrence, disposing of one of them, meanwhile. The
other I procured of him, December 2, 1898, and determined its identity
forthwith. While these two specimens were remaining unrecognized,
others were being taken in our county, were more promptly analyzed
and recognized, and a published record made, thereby gaining a prior-
ity over these taken three years before.

Mr. J. L. Davison of Lockport, N. Y., while sojourning at Lakeside
Park, this county, during the early fall of 1898, secured along the lake
shore near that point, five specimens of Tringa bairdii , as follows: —
Aug. 20, two ; Sept. 8, two ; Sept. 16, one. I am indebted to Mr. Davison
and to Miss Mathilde Schlegel (who mounted them) of East Aurora,
N. Y., for complete and detailed data regarding the taking of these addi-
tional five Baird’s Sandpipers in my own county of Orleans. (See Forest
and Stream, Jan. 7 , 1899).

n L t.

Auk, XVI, April, 1899,

(tvv.

Tringa bairdii. While on a visit to Shinnecock Bay on Oct. 31, 1894,
a number of Snipes were seen and secured, notably White-rumped Sand-
pipers. This specimen, among others, was labeled as such, but not with-
out some misgivings. Only recently it was more critically examined and
found to be T. bairdii. Mr. Arthur H. Howell, who was at the same
place when the bird was shot, recently recalled to my mind the fact that
the bird was alone, on a sandbar, when shot. The bird was not very
active, and it is possible may have been previously wounded. Mr. N. T.
Lawrence has obtained three or more specimens from Long Island. The
species is not included by Giraud in ‘The Birds of Long Island.’

>vrv £> v Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p

Tringa bairdii. Baird’s Sandpiper. — A young bird was shot on
Verona Beach by Egbert Bagg, Jr„ Sept. 4, 1897, and a second specimen
at the same place Sept. 5, 1899. Our only previous knowledge was Mr.
Henshaw’s record at Locust Grove in ‘ The Auk,’ Vol. II, page 384.

Auk, XVII, April, 1900,

Jt

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Mi Penobscot Bay, Maine.

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A5 . '* "

Birds within T,
tie Monts, Can.,

n Miles of Point
yoxusan & Merriam

90 . Actodromas minutilla. Least Sandpiper. — Rather common
in spring and fall.

3uLL N*Q # O g 7 t Oot» 1 QQ2, p, 23 9

Peeps ( Actodromas minutilla) %~^a

'HeA+s~i_ -^uCcr^L^ t*j>

7 - Bull. N.O.O. 8 , Jan, 1833. p„

iV .^A*.

Summer Birds of Brae D' Or Region
Cape Breton Id,, N.S. J. Dwight, Jr.

6 . T ringa m in u till a .

Auk, 4, Jan., 188?. p. 18

fry-. Ornithologist’ s Summer in Labrador
M. Abbott Frazar.

Tringa minutilla. Least Sandpiper. Small
flocks to be seen all through the summer.

Q.&.O. XII. Mar. 1887 . p. 33-

Birds of Magdalen Islands.
Dr. L.B. Bishop,

2 o. Tringa minutilla. Least Sandpiper. — One seen on Grindstone
July 5 , and four others on July 14 . Probably does not breed.

Auk, VI. April, 1889, p. 146

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

43- Tringa minutilla. Least Sandpiper. Abundant. Breeds com-
monly all along the coast.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.28.

Notes from the Magdalen Islands. — I had the pleasure the past season,
with Mr. C. S. Day, of spending three weeks at the Magdalen Islands.
We devoted most of the time to Coffin Island and East Point, as being
least known, arriving there on June 12. For four days we were isolated
from the world at the wonderful Bird Rocks. The following are a few of
the more noteworthy of many observations.

On June 13 Mr. Day was so fortunate as to flush a Least Sandpiper
(Trmgaminut^ 'lla) from her nest with four half-incubated eggs. The
nest was a mere hollow in the ‘ barrens,’ just back from the edge of a
slough, among sparse growth of coarse grass and moss, the structural
part consisting of simply a few dry bayberry leaves. The eggs were of a
light grayish buff, marked rather sparsely, except at the crown, where
there was a thick mass of spots and blotches. The markings were of a
rich dark brown, verging on blackish at the crown, with occasional sub-
dued lilac. In size they varied only from 1.18 to 1.20 inches in length,
and from .82 to .88 in breadth. The owners were both present, and so
exceedingly tame that I photographed one of them upon the nest. The
love song is beautiful, a mellow twittering, emitted as the bird circles
about. I met the species several times, and it is considered by the fish-
ermen a regular and frequent breeder.

The same is their opinion regarding both the Scaup Ducks. I saw
Scaups occasionally, and finally discovered a nest of the Greater Scaup
(Aythya marila uearctica) with nine eggs, June 29, on a small island in
“ the Great Pond,” flushing the female at very close quarters. The nest
was a bed of down in the grass, the eggs fresh and notably larger than
the many of the Lesser Scaup I have found in the West, ranging in
mnunig 01 a pany 01 iisuermen on vjreaioiru, alter Lney nau taaen every-
thing on North Bird that they could reach or shoot, who fired raking
shots again and again into the masses of birds upon their nests, mowing
them down like grass, to leave them there dead or dying, — a most horri-
ble and pathetic sight. Will not our committee on bird-protection, the
Audubon Society, and individual friends of the birds, use their influence
to induce the Canadian authorities to forbid or restrict the looting of the
Bird Rocks, and make the keeper of the light a warden?

In all I noted 65 species on the islands, 52 of these, at least, undoubtedly
breeding. Curiously, staying mostly about East Point, I failed to find a
number of the small land-birds that others have reported, but, as I had
hoped, this was counterbalanced by the water-birds. Comparing my
list with those of Cory, Brewster, Bishop, and Young, I have three species
not recorded by them: — Barn Swallow, Mourning Warbler, and Glaucous
Gull. The first of these is now common, and perhaps has come in there
quite recently.

Five more species 'seem to be unrecorded in the breeding-season
(June), namely, Bonaparte’s Gull, Eider, Lesser Yellow-legs, Saw-whet
Owl, and Tree Swallow. Of these last only the Saw-whet was proved
to breed, by my finding a dead fledgling in a Flicker’s hole. Fishermen
declared that the Bonaparte’s Gull breeds, but all I saw were in immature
plumage. — Herbert K. Job, Kent, Conn.

Auk, XVIII, April., 1901, p

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1905, p.449.

90 . Actodromas minutilla. Least Sandpiper. — Abundant migrant,
May 4 to 20 ; the adults return during the first half of July (July 4 , 1891 )
and the young from August 10 to 24 . Mr. Nash has records from June 28
to July 19 , and to the middle of September.

200

General Notes.

r Auk
|_ April

length, with one exception, from 2.50 to 2.60 inches, and in breadth from
1.70 to 1 . 80 . In color they were almost exactly like some eggs of the
Bittern that I had just taken, with a little more of an olive tinge. None
of the books give this species as nesting in eastern North America, so
perhaps this is the first known instance. As in the case of the Lesser
Scaup, it would appear to be a late breeder. Only a few rods away, on
another ‘ nubble,’ were nests and eggs of a belated Dusky Duck, and of a
habitually late-breeding Red-breasted Merganser. I also found a nest of
the Blue-winged Teal on June 16 , the young alive in the shell.

The Bittern, the Horned Grebe and the Rusty Grackle breed abundantly
in the swamps and ponds near East Point. Of the first I found one nest
with six eggs, the books giving five as the maximum. At the time of our
arrival the young Rusty Crackles had just left the nests. These are very
similar to nests of the Robin, and are built low down in the spruces,
usually near the ends of thick boughs. I found this species only near East
Point, in clumps of spruces on wet ground by the ponds. Piping and
Ring-necked Plover were breeding abundantly on the long sand-bar be-
tween Grand Entry and Grindstone, but were almost wholly absent at
East Point.

The stay on Bird Rock was fascinating beyond compare, amid the
whirring multitudes of sea-birds. One morning we rowed over to and
climbed North Bird, inspecting the Gannet colony on top. For the sake
of the cause of bird-protection, I will here say that I was witness to the
landing of a party of fishermen on Great Bird, after they had taken every-
thing on North Bird that they could reach or shoot, who fired raking
shots again and again into the masses of birds upon their nests, mowing
them down like grass, to leave them there dead or dying, — a most horri-
ble and pathetic sight. Will not our committee on bird-protection, the
Audubon Society, and individual friends of the birds, use their influence
to induce the Canadian authorities to forbid or restrict the looting of the
Bird Rocks, and make the keeper of the light a warden?

In all I noted 65 species on the islands, 52 of these, at least, undoubtedly
breeding. Curiously, staying mostly about East Point, I failed to find a
number of the small land-birds that others have reported, but, as I had
hoped, this was counterbalanced by the water-birds. Comparing my
list with those of Cory, Brewster, Bishop, and Young, I have three species
not recorded by them : — Barn Swallow, Mourning Warbler, and Glaucous
Gull. The first of these is now common, and perhaps has come in there
quite recently.

Five more species 'seem to be unrecorded in the breeding-season
(June), namely, Bonaparte’s Gull, Eider, Lesser Yellow-legs, Saw-whet
Owl, and Tree Swallow. Of these last only the Saw-whet was proved
to breed, by my finding a dead fledgling in a Flicker’s hole. Fishermen
declared that the Bonaparte’s Gull breeds, but all I saw were in immature
plumage. — Herbert K. Job, Kent , Conn.

Auk, XVIII, April., 1901, p -p.t ??- Zoo-

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, 7/ater Birds.

Auli, XXIII, Oct., 1906, p.449.

90. Actodromas minutilla. Least Sandpiper. — Abundant migrant.
May 4 to 20; the adults return during the first half of July (July 4, 1891)
and the young from August 10 to 24. Mr. Nash has records from June 28
to July 19, and to the middle of September.

%sul*.e;c~. ^ Rye Beach, N.H. 1860,

t-^-v^-^OL CAsCl-CC**-' . ^-t-Jr/f

A~*4 r j ^

f

Bye Beach, N,H.i868.

<JY&* ^ £ ° , ^ y Y 7 Bye Beach, N. H. 1867.

tf

RyeBeach, N.H.1870.

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Mass. ( n ea r Conco rd ') . 1812 .

1887 y ,

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(/w«^4 tKC44«<2(EAfc-.

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5. Tringa minutilla. Several obtained by friend, Aug., t88o.

Bull, N. 0,0, S^April, 3.881, p, 127

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.
P. W. Andros.

Tringa minutilla Vieill., Least Sandpiper.
Migrant, common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

Limico’ae in Bristol Cc ur ty .

H. P. Dexter, Dartmouth, Mass,

Least Sandpiper, Actodromas minutilla.
The only species that can be called abundant,
arriving in large flocks in August and resorting
to the meadows and sandbars on the coast, also
occurring inland, to some extent in the vicinity
of large ponds and rivers.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p. 148

MAY 17 Ifit

Shor» Birds of Cape Cod.
John C. Gaboon.

Least Sandpiper, Tringa minutilla (Vieill.)

Peep or Bumblebee on Cape Cod. An abundant
spring, summer and autumn migrant. The
first comers reach the Cape the last week in
April or first in May, becoming abundant about
May 13, and remaining so until June 1. The
first ones from the north come about July 6,
becoming common July 15, and increasing at
intervals during August and September. It is
the most numerous about the last of August.

A few stragglers remain into October. In the
spring they are seen in pairs or small parties of
from six to twenty, and seem to be in a hurry
to continue their northern journey. In the
summer and autumn they are in no hurry, and
gather in large flocks on and along the edges
of marshes, muddy flats and creeks and pebbly
beaches, in search of small worms, aquatic in-
sects and tiny shell fish, which they eagerly
devour. They are very numerous on the
marshes at Barnstable, Dennis, and Brewster,
in the summer and autumn, after the grass has
been mown. I remember when quite a small
boy what sport I had in one of the above
meadows during the haying season while after
these little snipe. Often in my eagerness to
reach a flock on the meadow, I got into a muddy
slough-hole up to my waist, but that was soon
forgotten if l made a successful shot.

As we walk out on the marsh, we see several
of these graceful little birds about the edge of
a muddy pool, sticking their bills into the soft
mud after small worms and insects. If we stop
and look carefully around, we will see some of
the little fellows only a few yards distant
! from us, standing perfectly still, their little
black eyes watching every movement we make.

As we start on, one springs up with a faint
i cry, and as he goes skimming away he is joined
by other individuals that we had not noticed,
which get up out of the grass near by. As they
[continue their flight twisting and diving, thej T

j are reinforced into a good sized flock bj r com- [ 52

panions from different portion of the marsh,
and rising to a considerable height they circle
about several times and come flying back, often
alighting upon the same place that they started
from.

<To be continued.)

Q.& Q. XIII. Aug. 1888 p. 12 H.

Shor» Birds of Cape Cod.

JohnC.Oah.oon.

Least Sandpiper, Tringa minutilla (Vieill.)

| Peep or Bumblebee on Cape Cod. An abundant
spring, summer and autumn migrant. The
first comers reach the Cape the last week in
April or first in May, becoming abundant about
May 13, and remaining so until June 1. The
first ones from the north come about July 6,
becoming common July 15, and increasing at
intervals during August and September. It is
the most numerous about the last of August.
A few stragglers remain into October. In the
spring they are seen in pairs or small parties of
from six to twenty, and seem to be in a hurry
to continue their northern journey. In the
summer and autumn they are in no hurry, and
gather in large flocks on and along the edges
of marshes, muddy flats and creeks and pebbly
I beaches, in search of small worms, aquatic in-
sects and tiny shell fish, which they eagerly
[ devour. They are very numerous on the
marshes at Barnstable, Dennis, and Brewster,
j in the summer and autumn, after the grass has
been mown. 1 remember when quite a small
boy what sport I had in one of the above
| meadows during the haying season while after
these little snipe. Often in my eagerness to
reach a flock on the meadow, I got into a muddy
slough-hole up to my waist, but that was soon
forgotten if 1 made a successful shot.

As we walk out on the marsh, we see several
of these graceful little birds about the edge of
a muddy pool, sticking their bills into the soft
mud after small worms and insects. If we stop
and look carefully around, we will see some of
the little fellows only a few yards distant
from us, standing perfectly still, their little
black eyes watching every movement we make.
As we start on, one springs up with a faint
cry, and as he goes skimming away he is joined
by other individuals that we had not noticed,
which get up out of the grass near by. As they
continue their flight twisting and diving, they
are reinforced into a good sized flock by com-
panions from different portion of the marsh,
and rising to a considerable height they circle
about several times and come flying back, often
alighting upon the same place that they started
from.

<To be continued.)

Q.&Q. XIII. Aug. 1888 p. 12 H.

Birds observed in Naval Hospital
Grounds, Brooklyn, G.H.Coues

54. Tringa mirmtilla. Least Sandpiper. — Quite common.

BuU.N.0.0. 4, Jan., 1879, p,32

~ g2 Actodromas minutilla. Least Sandpiper. —Very abundant
about Lakes George and Champlain during the fall migration.

EuaM.O.O, 7, Oct, 1882, p.256

Oneida Ocunty, New York
William L.Ealpii & Egbert BaW

Tringa minutilla. — One taken at Sylvan Beach, Oneida Lake, Sept. 18,

1S8S.

Auk, VII. July, 1890, p, 3. 3 0

Sandpipers at Sea. — On May 6 of this year. I was a passenger on the
steamer ‘St. Laurent,’ which sailed from New York at io A.M., with a
light east wind and clear weather. May 7 and 8 the wind held east,

gradually increasing to a fair breeze. Yet not at any time was there
more than a fair summer breeze, though the gradual increase of the old
swell running from the east told us of a storm not far ahead. We did
not catch the storm, but learned, on reaching port, that steamers a few
hours in advance had found rough weather. Both days were more or less
foggy, the steam horn blowing on and off about half the time.

The fastest run up to 12 m. on May 8 was 582 miles. 1 regret that I am
now unable to give exact position, but as we took a slightly more south-
erly course than is usual with the French line, it can easily be approxi-
mated.

On May 8, at 2 p. m. , while watching some Petrels, I noticed a flock of
Peeps on the port side, flying towards the steamer from the northwest.
When within about 80 yards of us they turned to the east till they could
pass our bows, then turned sharply, passing within a few yards, or even
feet of us, and then off to the S. E. by E. I at once went to the upper
deck to watch for more, and was surprised to find that, in every direc-
tion, as far as I could see in the then light fog, were large flocks of Peeps
all flying in the same direction, S. E. by E. The birds were flying in
large scattered flocks of from fifty to apparently several hundred birds.
The flight lasted for nearly three hours, during which a very large num-
ber of birds must have passed us.

Why were they flying S. E. by E. ? They should at that season have
been bound for their northern breeding grounds and not for Africa.

There was not any evidence tending to show that the birds were lost,
as all flew exactly the same way. Every flock that found our vessel in
their line of flight, and of which there were not less than fifty, turned to
the east till they could make by our bow, not one flock, or even a single
bird, did I see turn to the westward to cross astearn of us.

They were flying strong, easily passing our steamer, then making 12^
knots. Not one tried to alight, nor did any fall into the water, nor were
any seen floating, though I watched carefully.

Whether the Peeps were Tringa minutilla or Breunetes pusillus I can
not say, but surely they were out of place and fast getting more so. — W.
A. Jeffries, Boston, Mass. AUk, 3, J an., 1686, p. l3/”/3X

SZyi tt-CLoa.; £/.

Pisobia minutilla. Least Sandpiper. — This species was recorded
but once, on July 21, when several were seen.

AOk 27. July- 1910 p,

^3

2T

156 . Tringa alpina americana. — Angust 28 .

In September, 1882 , Mr. Comeau shot another specimen of the Caro-
lina Dove ( Zenaidura carolinensis)

Bu&N,O.C f 8, Oct. 1888, p, •

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

44. Tringa alpina pacifica. Red-backed Sandpiper. — A few at Port
Manvers in early September.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.28.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIIT, Oct., 1906, p.449.

91. Pelidna alpina sakhalina. Red-backed Sandpiper. — Abundant
migrant May 12 to June 2 (latest June 13); returning October 9 to 22,
and through the first half of November. Adults are rare in fall.

Limicolae in Bristol County .

H. F. Dexter, Dartmouth, Mass.

Red-backed Sandpiper, Pelidna alpina ameri-
cana. Occasionally seen in autumn, but the
majority pass us by in the migration, keeping-
well off the coast.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.148

Birds of Bristol County , Mass.
F.W. Andros.

Tringa alpina paciflca (Coues.), Red-backed
Sandpiper. Migrant, tolerably common in
spring and fall. A few seen in summer.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

The Red-backed Sandpiper in Massachusetts in December. — Mr.

George C. Shattuck gave me a Red-backed Sandpiper ( Pelidna alpina
pacifica') which he* shot on Barnstable Neck, Mass., on December 23, 1903.
It was in company with another of its kind. — Reginald Heber Howe,
Jr., Concord, Mass. Attk, XXI, Apr., 1904, p . ^7%

Old Records or Mass A Rhode Id.

October 4, 1877. Shot two Red-backed Sandpipers ( Pisobia alpina
sakhalina) .

19/t

Shore Birds of Oape Cod.

John C. Cahoon.

Bed-backed Sandpiper, Trinpa alpina pacijica {

(Coues.) Crooked-billed, or Fall Snipe on
Cape Cod. A common spring and abundant
autumn migrant. It usually arrives the last
week in April, and by the 13th of May all have
passed Cape Cod on their northern journey.

In the autumn, the migrants for the south
reach the Cape about Sept. 23, becoming abun-
dant about Sept. 30, and remaining so through
the greater part of October. A few remain
late into November. In the spring they are in
pairs or small flocks, and are quite shy, but in
the autumn they are apparently without fear,
and large numbers are shot by tyro gunners '
who are not successful with the larger and
more wary birds. They feed on the sand flats,
spits, and low beaches, in flocks by themselves,
or in company with sanderlings and sand-
pipers. Their food consists of sand fleas,
marine animals, and shell fish. I have seen
them at the fish works on Monomoy Island
eagerly devouring flies and insects that were
very numerous about the guano spread out on
the sand. They go on to the high beach to
stop during high tide. They stop with us in
the autumn later than any of the other Limi-
colce.

O.&'O. XIII. Sept. 18S8 p. 129

Late Record of the Red-backed Sandpiper (PelidZia alpina sakhalina)
in Massachusetts. — On Dec. 27, 1911, I noted a small flock of Red-
backed Sandpipers ( Pelidna alpina sakhalina) at Muskeget Island, Mass.
On the 31st I came upon a flock of nine in a driving snowstorm, two
of which I secured and found very fat.

I last noted four of these birds on the 14th of January, 1912. Though
the nine previous days had been very severe, covering almost all the shore
with ice, these four birds seemed in good condition and they were busily
engaged in finding an apparent abundance of food.

The latest record that I can find for this species in Massachusetts, is
December 24 (Howe & Allen, Birds of Mass., p. 42.) — Winthrop S.
Brooks, Milton, Mass. #X /Xy< ./? /

fia.

193. Pelidna alpina americana. Red-backed Sandpiper ; Amer-

ican Dunlin. — Occurs during the migrations.

BuaN.O.O, 7,Oot, 1882, P.256

Gsmeral Notas

Tringa alpina on Long Island, New York. — On Sept. 15, 1S92, I secured
a European Dunlin at Shinnecock Bay. During a week’s trip I secured
only one T. a. pacified. The specimen was identified through the kind-
ness of Mr. F. M. Chapman of the American Museum of Natural History.
Coues says of this species, “A straggler to Greenland”; Ridgway, “Acci
dental or casual in eastern North America (west side of Hudson Bay) .”
Its occurrence in the United States has heretofore seemed doubtful, —
Curtis Cuay Young, Brooklyn , N, T-

Auk X, Jan, 1893. p.78.

Aptosochromatism.

A Tabulated Field Study.

BY WALTER IIOXIE, FROGMORE, S. C.

The following table was made at Bull’s Point,
Apr. 23rd, 1886. The specimens examined were
Dunlin. It was my intention at the time to
make a similar study of those other species of
Shore-birds — the Knot, Sanderling and Black-
breasted Plover, but I failed to obtain a suffi-
cient number of specimens any one time. I
now offer this table for publication together
with an explanation of the method used in
making it up. And I hope I may receive from
some of my co-workers a little more aid this
season than 1 did last, upon this line of investi-
gation.

I first took twelve specimens of Duplin and
numbered them in sequence according to the
blackness on the breast. No. 1 was very dark
and No. 12 in almost typical winter dress.
This column I headed Black. The second col-
umn marked “p. f.” is intended to show the rel-
ative amount of “pin feathers” on the speci-
mens — No. 1 having the most and No. 12 the
least. Between the last four it was quite diffi-
cult to decide with positive exactness. Upon
finding that No. 4 was at the head of the list,
and that the tips of the pin feathers showed no
white , I made a final note on the back of the
tag “R. o. t.,” which was to signify that on
dissection I expected to find the reproductive
organs large. That is probably larger than in
some of the specimens above it on the list.
Next I skinned and dissected my specimens,
!j placing the number in the first class upon
each. I now placed the males and females in
! separate classes, giving them new numbers but
still in accordance with the sequence of “JRacfc”
Nos. Lastly I placed the reproductive organs
in their order of size. The order in which they
now stand is indicated in the columns marked
“S. of O.” It will now be seen that among the
females there is no break in the sequence of
numbers. Among the males a probable note
was made previous to dissection, which ac-
counts for any discrepancy and the close simi-
larity of specimens 11 and 12 gave me no cause
for disappointment when I found that my last
column would not quite “hitch” at the bottom.

Birds from Fort Churchill, Hudson's AUK, VII, Oat;,
Bay, W.Bagle Clark, 1890,p„ 3 21

Tringa alpina pacifica. — a, b, adults in summer plumage. These
specimens seem to agree perfectly with Scotch specimens of Trtiiga
alpina , with which they have been compared. After an examination
of the few American specimens of this bird at my disposal I have come
to the conclusion that even the eastern American Dunlins are liable to
considerable variation. An adult specimen from New Jersey in full
summer plumage is much brighter, though paler, in color than any Euro-
pean specimen I have seen ; and the breast is whiter and much less streaked
with dusky; the bill, however, is only 1.30 inches in length. An adult
in full winter plumage, and also from New Jersey, is a deep brown on the
upper surface and quite different from the European bird at the same
season, and the bill is no less than 1.70 inches in length. The various
dimensions of these four specimens are as follows :

W 171 g

Culmen

Tarsus

Pi ■

Fort Churchill a

4-57 in-

1.43 in.

.97 in.

' ";/ r

Fort Churchill b

4-65 “

1.52 “

1.02 “

New Jersey (summer)

4-65 “

1.30 “

.96 “

New Jersey (winter)

4-8s “

1.70 “

1.06 “

1 have not seen any specimens of Red-backed
Sandpipers ( Pelidna alpina americand) , in lull
adult plumage in the fall, the first arrivals
wearing mostly adult plumage, but as I have f
been informed by gunners that they have shottf
specimens in full adult plumage in the fall, I
cannot make a single exception as yet of our
New England shore birds not retaining their
adult plumage in the fall.

respondents on this subject, the plumage of our

Limicolce. „ or _

O.&O.XII. Do. . 1887 P.

£ . CLiurr*

DUNLIN.

April 23rd, 1886

Black.

P. F.

Female.

Male. S. of 0.

1

2

1

i

2

12

i

2

3

6

2

3

4

1

3

1

5

3

4

2

4

2

4

77. y.

7

11

5

5

Ina alpina sakhalina. Red-backed Sandpiper. — Appeared Sept.

8

5

3

3

straggled along until Oet. 27, never more than two or three being

9

8?\

6

6

gether.

10

7? j

4

4

11

9? 1

7

8

AUk 27. July -1910 p, 3PJT

l b.&o

Jul. 1887

8

p> iOl-IOZ.

7

*9

Another species that has the same sequence ot moults and plum-
ages as the Sanderling, is the Dunlin which may well be con-
sidered along with its North American representative.

Dunlin ( Tringa alpina ).

Red-backed Sandpiper ( Tringa alpina pacifica).

1. Natal Down. The chick above has rusty and golden brown
and black mottling, with small white dots. The mixed colors are
due to banded down filaments or neossoptiles and the spotting to
subterminal white areas. Below, including cheeks and forehead,
the neossoptiles are buffy white, a dusky loral and postocular
streak and a fainter malar one.

2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult.
It is not generally known that birds in this plumage are quite
heavily spotted below with black, the back with reddish and buff
edgings, and a buff wash on the throat, so that they much
resemble adults in breeding dress. I have examined several
July and August birds from Alaska, a perfectly typical one, still
retaining a little down on the head and neck being (U. S. Nat.
Mus. No. 88881, August 3, Pt. Barrow, Alaska).

3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal
moult involving the body plumage, sometimes all, and sometimes
part of the tertiaries, a few of the wing-coverts but neither the
remiges nor rectrices. The gray plumage, white below, is assumed,
scarcely distinguishable from adults in winter dress, but the cen-
tral part of the dorsal feathers is usually paler than in adults, like-
wise the gray shaft-streaks of the throat and sides. Left-over
juvenal feathers are often found, and the black-spotted ones of the
lower parts become faded and worn and. may easily be mistaken
for those of the adult. This plumage is fully assumed by October,
as shown by many specimens from many localities, numerous
November and December birds showing little evidence of further
moult, viz.: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 69813, <J, October 16, New

92. Erolia ferruginea. Curlew Sandpiper. — A single specimen,
taken by Mr. Wm. Loan about 1886 1 ; this bird was afterwards destroyed
except the head which is now in my collection, and which belonged to a
nearly adult bird.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James K. Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1906, p.449

1 Mcllwraith, Birds of Ontario, 1886, 2; 1894, 145.

Pelidna suBARquATA on the Maine Coast. — I have to thank Mr.
C. H. Chandler of Cambridge, for allowing me to view a mounted speci-
men of the Curlew Sandpiper, which he shot on the beach at Pine Point,
Scarborough, Cumberland Co., on September 15 , 1881 . The plumage is
immature — probably a bird of the year. It was in company with Peeps,
but its larger size and lighter coloration were noticed, hence this visit to
American shores is registered. The species is new to the Maine fauna,
at least this is the first instance of actual capture within the limits of that
State.* — H. A. Purdie, Ne-wton, Mass.

Bull. N. O.O, 7, April, 1882, p. /•?//■

* See Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc- Nat. Hist. XVII, 1875, P- 44-6.

Occurrence of the Curlew Sandpiper in Massachusetts. — Mr.
Charles I. Goodale, our accomplished Boston taxidermist, has a fine
Curlew Sandpiper ( Tringa subarquata) which was sent to him to be
mounted. It was shot in East Boston, Mass., early in May, 1876, as it
was feeding on a sandspit among a flock of “ Peep3.” This bird is in
very perfect spring plumage, and furnishes the second authentic instance

of the occurrence of this species in Hew England. In its claims to be
regarded as a bird of North America it may best be compared with the
Ruff ( Machetes pugnax). Both are probably not infrequent stragglers to
our continent. — William Brewster.

Bull. N, 0.0, I, July, 1870, p,

Additional Captures of the Curlew Sandpiper in New
England. — The three specimens of this rare straggler, which have pre-
viously been recorded as occurring in New England, have all been col-
lected in Massachusetts, and I am enabled to add two more instances,
both of which have also been taken in this State.

Mr. John Fottler, Jr., writes me that he has in his possession a fine
spring specimen which was shot on Cape Cod about the 10th of May,
1878. Another specimen is in the collection made by Mr. Baldwin
Coolidge (now in possession of the city of Lawrence, Mass.), which was
taken on Nahant Beach some ten years ago, and at that time was preserved
by Mi*. N. Vickery, of Lynn. — Ruthven Deane, Cambridge, Mass.

BuU.N. 0 . 0 , 4, April, 1870, p. /X */ .

Shore Birds of Gape God.

John C. Gaboon.

Curlew Sandpiper, Tringa ferruginea (Brimn.)

This is a very rare straggler on our Cape coast.

Ten authentic instances of the occurrence of
the Curlew Sandpiper in New England are
given in New England Bird Life, Part 1 1, and
one of these is of a specimen that was shot on
Cape Cod about the 10th of May, 1878.

O.&'O. XIII. Sept. 1888 p.l5B

The C urle w Sandpiper at Cratii am, Mass.
— A $ specimen of the Curlew Sandpiper,
A. O. U. No. 241, was taken at Chatham,
Mass., August 26, 1889. It was nearly in full
plumage. It is now in the collection of Gor-
don Plummer, Brookline, Mass. — [Ed.

Ot&Q, Juiy.1890. p, //<?.

trtspe-

7

(s . ■£. MAsUCVlsidr+t, ,

August 30, 1886, Dr. E. T. R.
Thompson took a C urlew S andpiper , male,

O.&o. XII. Sept. 1887 p.156

4 “' jt/'
\n

c3

Bird Notes from Long Id. Wm. Dutoher

7- Pelidna subarquata ( Guld .) Cuv. Curlew Sand-
piper. — A specimen of this species was shot by Charles A. Lane
at Shinnecock Bay and sent to me. He wrote, “The Snipe

I send you was shot May 24, 1883 ; it was alone. Neither my
father or either of my brothers ever saw one before.” I may add,
that Capt. Lane, the father, has been a professional gunner, on the
south side of Long Island, for over forty years. His three sons
are also professional gunners.

Auk, I, Jan,, 1884. p. JJL'JS.

The Eggs of the Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa svbarquafa). — The
ecrgs of this species have hitherto escaped the researches of European
ornithologists, and up to the present moment have continued to be an
especial object of search, and an occasion of renewed disappointment. In
a recent visit to Washington, I saw, among the interesting things brought
back by Mr. Ludovic Kumlien from the Iiowgate Arctic expedition, two
eggs of this very rare species, which he was enabled to procure, through the
attentions of Governor Feneker, in the neighborhood of Christian shaab in
North Greenland. One egg measures 1.52 inches in length by 1.05
in breadth. Its ground color is drab, with a distinct shade of olive,
and it is thickly marked with blotches of two shades of umber-brown, one
quite light, the other much darker. These are most numerous on and
around the larger end, and are in a somewhat longitudinal direction, with
a tendency also to a spiral course. There are also a few spots, of a very
dark color, almost a black, on the larger end. The other egg measures
1.47 X 1.04 inches, and is much more pyriform in shape. Its ground color
is a very light greenish drab, witli rather sparse markings of a deep umber.
These are larger and more confluent about the greater end of the egg,
where they are chiefly disposed in a circular ring. The rest of the egg is
sparsely marked with the same. About the larger end are also a few very
dark markings. — T. M. Brewer, Boston, Mass.

Ball N. 0.6. 4, July, 1879, p, /fO.

Th® curiosity of ornithologists has been
excited for weeks past by the announce-
ment that Mr. H. L. Popham had discov-
ered, and brought back with him from the
Yemssei. the egg of that rare bird, the
curlew sandpiper. Oddly enough, although
the curlew sandpiper Is of wide range in
the old world, and is. even seen on the
shores of Great Britain in migration au-
thentic eggs of the species have been until
now, unknown. Mr. Popham, therefore
has earned the gratitude of ornithologists
by discovering the real nesting-place of
the species in the tundra of the Yennissei

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Birds within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Can, Goiaeau.&Merriam

89. Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper. — Tolerably
common. First seen during the latter part of May, and common in August
and September.

BuU.N.0.0, 7 , Oct, 1882, p, 238

Summer Birds of Bras D’ Or Region
Gape Breton Id,, N.S. J. Dwight, Jr.

7. Ereunetes pusillus.

.Auk, 4, Jan., 1687, p>16

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B . Bigelow.

46. Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common,
breeding locally. I took the downy young at Seal Island, and as I cannot
find that it has been described, I shall insert a brief description here :

Downy young, a few feathers just appearing. Above dark gray,
mixed with rufous, giving a peculiar spotted appearance. A dark line
over the eye and along the side of the head. Top of the head with
feathers just beginning to show. These feathers slaty tipped with white,
giving a hoary appearance. Below downy, the belly white, the breast and
fore-neck washed with rufous, entirely unstreaked. Legs and feet black,
without any sign of webs whatever.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.23.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James H. Fleming.
pt.I, Water Birds.

Aul; , XXIII, Oct., 1906, P« 449-450.

93 Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper. Regular mi-
grant common May 24 to June 2, returning in July (July 21, 1891); the
young August 24 to September 10. Mr. Nash gives for 1891, from May
24 to June 13; July 21 to August 10, when first young were observed,
and on till middle of September. I can find nothing approaching E.
occidentalis .

SummerRasidents oa South-west
Oo&sb ot Mains, T, H, Montgomery, Jr,

246. Semipalmatecl Sandpiper. Common.
Saw a flock of fifty on a small ledge near Bob-
son’ s Island, Penobscot Bay, and secured sev-
eral specimens. At Nor’ East Harbor, Mt.
Desert, saw a flock of about twenty-five. Also
saw them at Squirrel Island, Boollibay Harbor.

a 1% 1&WJ890. P.WX

, Limicolae in Bristol County.

H. p. Dexter, Dartmouth, Mass.

Seinipalmated Sandpiper, Breunetes pusillus.
A few sometimes seen in spring; common in
autumn in flocks with the preceding. They re- I
sort to the sandbars more commonly than any
other variety I have observed.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.148

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

F. W. Andros.

Breunetes pusillus (Linn.), Seinipalmated
Sandpiper, Migrant, tolerably common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

/W,

C7? .

4. Ereunetes pusillus. One obtained by self, Oct., 1880; several by

others.

Bull, N.0,0, 0 L Apxil,1881, p.127

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Shore Birds of Oape Cod.

» John C. Cahoon.

Semipalmated Sandpiper, Ereunetes pusillus
(Linn.) Sandpiper, or Peep on Cape Cod. An
abundant spring, summer and autumn migrant.
The first comers in the spring reach Monomoy
Island about May 1, becoming common the
12th, abundant the 16th, and last seen June 26.
On return migration, the first ones reach us as
early as July 4, becoming common July 15, and
abundant through August. Usually by the
last of September all have departed for the
south. This bird is more of a beach peep than
its little cousin, T. minutilla, with whom it
often associates. They frequent sand flats,
bars, pebbly beaches and about the sedge
grass that is found on portions of the flats.
They are sometimes seen on the marshes, and
at high tide they retire to the high beaches to
rest until the tide begins to ebb. It is interest-
ing and sometimes amusing to watch them as
they run about on the sand flats industriously
searching for some tiny flea, worm or mollusk
to satisfy their capricious appetite. One little
fellow finds a choice morsel, but before he has
time to devour it, he is beset by a number of
his companions all eager to have a share in the
feast, and the wrangle is finally ended by the
last comer seizing the prize, and running away
a few yards hastily swallows it before the
views of his expectant companions.

O,& 0. XIII. Sept. 1888 p. 129

S'

%

V,

,

Shore Birds of Oape Cod.

* John C. Cahoon.

Semipalmated Sandpiper, Ereunetes pusillus
(Linn.) Sandpiper, or Peep on Cape Cod. An
abundant spring, summer and autumn migrant.
The first comers in the spring reach Monomoy
Island about May 1, becoming common the
12th, abundant the 16th, and last seen June 25.

: On return migration, the first ones reach us as
1 early as July 4, becoming common July 15, and
| abundant through August. Usually by the
last of September all have departed for the
| south. This bird is more of a beach peep than
its little cousin, T. minutilla, with whom it
often associates. They frequent sand flats,
bars, pebbly beaches and about the sedge
grass that is found on portions of the fiats.
They are sometimes seen on the marshes, and
at high tide they retire to the high beaches to
rest until the tide begins to ebb. It is interest-
ing and sometimes amusing to watch them as
they run about on the sand flats industriously
searching for some tiny flea, worm or mollusk
: to satisfy their capricious appetite. One little
fellow finds a choice morsel, but before he has
time to devour it, he is beset by a number of
his companions all eager to have a share in the
j feast, and the wrangle is finally ended by the
last comer seizing the prize, and running away
a few yards hastily swallows it before the
: | views of his expectant companions.

O,& 0. XIII. Sept. 1888 p. 129

jifi

72

■-Connecticut, June, 1893,

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Bds. Obs. b.t Little and Great Gull Is-
lands, N.Y. Aug. ’88 B.H.Dutcher,

8. Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper. — An individual of
this species was picked up dead at the foot of the tower on August 8, hav-
ing killed itself against the Light during the night. Before I was ready to
skin it the insects instituted a prior claim on the body, so the skin was not
preserved. This individual was the only one seen on the trip.

Aak, VI. April, 1889. p. /,!£.
izz-fA. ac cv, ■

Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmate^sandpiper. — First seen July 21;
was more or less common until Sept. 16; last seen Sept. 23.

Aak 27. July-1910 »< 3 </&~

An Albino Semipalmated Sandpiper. — In view of modern inquiry
into the significance of abnormal color phases among animals, it may be
of interest to record a totally albino specimen of Ereunetes pusillus.
The specimen, No. 10466, Museums of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, sex undetermined, age apparently adult, was purchased
at auction from the estate of the late J. J. Crooke, Esq., of Great Kills,
Staten Island, N. Y. Superficially it is entirely white save where the
plumage is fat-stained, but the feathers are uniformly dark at their bases.
The inscription on the label reads, — “ (?) Shot on the shore of Long Is.,
Oct. 20, ’62, out of a flock of sanderlings (T. arenaria). Resembles a T.
pusilla in everything but color. ”’t— Robert Cushman Mtjrphy, Museum
of the Brooklyn Institute. J*Jk .X* ix. /f't' fv.

Albinism and Melanism in North
American BirdB# Kuthven Deane,

I have m my collection a skin of the Semipalmated Sandpiper,
which was found in Quincy Market, Boston, by Mr. J. T. Heftye of
Christiania, Norway, in October, 1876, who kindly presented it to
me. The head, neck, and upper parts are of a uniform light gray,
and it lacks the buff on the breast and sides.

Bull. N. O.O. 4, Jan., 1879, p . 29

A Bird New to Massachusetts. — Among the Sandpipers collected by me
years ago in Massachusetts I find a single specimen of the Western
Sandpiper ( Ereunetes occidentalis'), taken on Long Island, Boston Harbor,
Aug. 27, 1870. It was one of a number of -Peeps’ shot on that day, and
it is by no means unlikely that the lot contained others of this species,
which were overlooked under the impression that they were all the com-
mon species, E. pusillus. Like the Baird's Sandpiper, this species may
be expected to occur in small numbers along the Atlantic coast during the
migrations, especially in fall. — II. W. Henshaw, Washington , D. C.

Auk, 2, Oct. , 1886. p. J S'*/ .

An Addition to the List of the Shore
Birds of Cape Cod.

The summer and autumn of 1888 was an ex-
ceptionally good one for the occurrence of rare
shore birds at Monomoy Island. The capture
of several Stilt Sandpipers in breeding plum-
age, Baird’s Sandpiper, and Red Phalarope
lias been recorded in the O. & O., and I wish
to add the Western S andpiper to the list. In
July I shot a Sandpiper on the meadows, which
showed, much rusty or bay in the coloration of
its upper parts. Early in September, Messrs.
Webster, Bishop, Whiting, Castle and myself
shot a number of sandpipers on the meadows,
and Mr. Whiting called our attention to one he
had shot as having an unusually long bill for a
Semipalmated, and expressed his opinion that
it was ii rare sandpiper. Dr. Bishop -and my-
self took the measurements anil,, decided it to
be E. Occident, alia. Upon examining my spec-
imen taken in July we found it to be occiden-
talis in the spring plumage. Several others
were found in the lot of Semipalmated taken
by the above named gentlemen and 'several
were taken by Dr. Bishop and myself a week
or so later. One or two of them being shot on
the sand flats, I am inclined to believe that
this bird, is not uncommon about Monomoy in
the autumn migration of ' Sandpipers, as it
would easily pass for Semipalmated unless
taken in the hand and closely examined.

John C. Cahoon.

CtePe Cod, G.B. Miller, Jr,

Ereunetes occidentalis.— Although I searched carefully for this species
during the autumn of 1888 and summer of 1889, I failed to detect it until
September 2, 1889, when I obtained a fine adult male from a gunner who
had killed the bird on the beach, about two miles north of Highland
Light, on the ocean side of the Cape. This is the only specimen that I
have met with on Cape Cod, and the species must be rare, or at least ir-
regular, at North Truro, as I have examined large numbers of Ereunetes
in search of the western bird. yil. J ulyj lQQQj p , .

Auk, XIII, Jan. , 1896, p.%9

~/'l C>^vc/aa. c/ClA- 'p2/u. *7 ’$-/ CsaajiA /laTCcA

Ereunetes occidentalis. — Aug. 29, 1895. Four birds taken at the Hum-
mock Pond, three of which proved on dissection to be females. These
are the only ones I have observed here.

^7 /ty ^ , ?2 <^ 7-7 Cca. CskhiX-j 9T7 _ -

O &0. Xiw Sept. 188ff p.^41

Occurrence of the Western Sandpiper ( Ereunetes occidentalis ) in Num-
bers on the Coast of Massachusetts. — -Among some Waders collected in
1888 on Monomoy Island, near Chatham, Massachusetts, I find four
unmistakable specimens of Ereunetes occidentalis. Three of them, all
females, were taken by Mr. j. C. Cahoon, one July 19, the other two Sept.
19. The fourth, a male, was shot Sept. 1 by Mr. Whiting. The July
bird is an adult in richly colored and but little worn breeding plu-
mage. The others are young in summer dress.

Mr. Cahoon tells me that he killed many specimens of the E. occiden-
talis at Monomoy during July, August, and September, 1888, but suppos-
ing at the time that they were merely large, long-billed examples of E.
pusillus , he preserved only the three above mentioned. His impression
is that they were nearly as numerous at times as E. pusillus. There
is, I believe, but one previous record of the occurrence of E. occidentalis
in Massachusetts, viz., that by Mr. Henshaw* of the capture of a speci-
men on “Long Island, Boston Harbor, Aug. 27, 1870.” — William Brew-
ster, Cambridge, Mass. Auk, VI. J&B. , 188W.*». £<7

*Auk, Vol. II, N0.4, 1885, p. 384.

G-sneral Notes

Ereunetes occidentalis in Connecticut. — Mr. C. C. Hamner, while
collecting shore buds with me at Lyme, Conn., Sept. 4, 1889, shot three
birds of this species. There were six of them in all , and they were quite
noticeable among the Ereunetes pusillus with which they were associated,
on account of their longer bill. These birds were kindly identified by Dr.
J. A. Allen, and are nowin the collection of Mr. John H. Sage, Portland,
Conn. —Willard E. Treat. East Hartford, Conn.

Auk IX, Oct, 1892. p. 389

Ereunetes occidentalis. In the fall of 1897, the Western Semipalmated
Sandpiper was abundant on Long Island. Besides three or moie speci-
mens from Shinnecock Bay, collected by Mr. Howell, it was met with by
Mr. H. C. Burton on the South Bay in July and by the writer during the
same season (once each) on both the Great South Bay and (August 28)
on Jamaica Bay.

yy* c. $ lc~L / 'Yn . ,

/3 X VI, A *> Til > 1899 > W- 'l-W-

7 g-

Western - ^ ftfelpiper ■ *Ereunch?s occidental is) more abundant than the
Semipalmated (E. pusillus') . — On Two-mile Beach, Cape May County,
New Jersey, from the ist to the 15th of September, 1895, I found both
varieties of Ereunetes quite abundant in large flocks ; and out of thirty-
five specimens taken, twenty were unquestionably occidentalis and fifteen
pusillus. The birds were all carefully measured and the colors noted.
The bills of the so-called western variety varied from .87 to t.07, males and
females, ten measuring over 1.00, and the back of each was uniformly
colored with a very reddish tinge.

The bills of the fifteen Semipalmated measured from .63 to .78, and
were uniformly gray on the back, excepting three which had a slight tinge
of red. I have never met with the western variety before, that is, to my
knowledge, for it was only of late that I learned the difference, which is
probably the excuse of many of 11s who otherwise might have found the
bird just as common as I did. In the spring migration, and perhaps in
the fall, I hope to look for it again.

Mr. Brewster mentions in ‘The Auk ’ (Jan., 1889, p. 69) that a number
of these birds ( occidentalis ) were taken by Mr. J. C. Cahoon on Monomoy
Island, Mass., during July, August and September, 1888, and it may
be that the bird is not nearly so accidental as it has been heretofore
supposed. — Wm. L. Baily, Philadelphia , Pa.

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toy Mr, & Mrs Bose

Calidris arenaria. Sanderling.— 1911, Sept. 25, one taken alive but
injured; lived only a few days. Mounted and is in the State Museum.

Awlar io. My, 191*3. Jfc ^J6

8 " 2 -

Birds "Thin' Ten Miles of Poir.
da Monts, Can, Oouieau &Merriax

93 . Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. — Occurs in the fall migration.
' Bail, N.Q.Q* 7,Oot, 1882, P.239

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

47 . Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. — Rather rare; apparently not
breeding.

Ank, XIX; Jan., 1902, p.28.

L \Y\ irwwtu^) v ^ .2) -

cLuJa.^ y . x ///, CJjjiA,, ( z 10 ^, /•>.

Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. — Two were seen at Ingonish.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario,

By James K. Fleming.

Pt . I , Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., 1906, p . 450 .

94. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. — Regular migrant, common
May 21 to June 2; returning August 24 to 28; the young September 4
to 12 .

94

n

^ : 'O , Rye Beach, N.H. 1866.

/ 6

Jiu-^./Y Rye Beach, N.H. 1868.
Rye Beach, N.H. 1887. / . „

„ [ , , jL* 4 #«

^oYa-Ya^ <UA«-iu».a., _ ^6cy , i / /2. . Rye Beach, N. H. 18T1.

Crou^ford notzh; 72. ry.

Notes from Cra w f ° rd Notch, N. H. At the summit of the Crawford
Wotch, New Hampshire, some two thousand feet above sea level and in
the heart of the White Mountain region, is A small clearing surrounded on
all sides by forest. Among many species to be expected here I have
found the following which seem worth noting and which were not included
in my list of Crawford birds. 1

Auk iO, Oct -1909 t p«

TldTc-fii ? 7l Y-

2. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. A single bird passed the after-
noon of August 18, 1909, on the shore of Saco Lake. The bird, which
arrived during a rain storm, was very tame.

Auk 26, 0*t4 99&.Bk?j’z

n

7 Calidris arenaria. One ol
1 seen.

obtained by self, Oct., 1880. One only

Bull, N.Q.Q, April. 1881, P.127

Calidris arenaria (Linn.), Sanderling. Mi-
grant, fairly common.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

Limicolae in Bristol County.

H. F. Dexter. Dartmouth, Mass.

Sanderling, Calidris arenaria. Common in j
“flights” in autumn, frequenting the small!
islands and beaches of our coast.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.l4Q

Calidris arenaria. — On March 19, 1890, I saw a flock of about thirty-five
Sanderlings and shot one from it. I saw them again March 22. I learn

from Mr. Marcus Dunham, a local sportsman, that a few winter here

every year, the number varying from a dozen to fifty or sixty.

Auk, VII. July, 1890, P,

[January

General Notes.

1 2

Calidris arenaria in Massachusetts in Winter.— While on a shooting
trip at Nantucket Island, Mass., I saw on Dec. 13, 1891, a Sanderling
which alighted for a moment within a few feet of where I was and then
flew away. As I have before stated (Auk, VII, 294), some of these birds
regularly winter in this locality. — George H. Mackay, Nantucket , Mass.

Auk, 9, Jan. 1892. p, N

Notes on Certain Water Birds inMass.
George H. Mackay.

Six Sanderlings ( Calidris arenariai) have been living in the
vicinity of Muskeget Island, Mass., during the past winter.

Auk XI. July. 1894 p. 225

1 }/ . (t ,

ev

Shore Birds of Cape Cod.

JohnC.Cahoon.

Sanderling, Calidris arenaria , (Linn.) “Gray
back,” “Whiting,” “Sandpiper,” or more often
“Bull-peep” on Cape Cod. An abundant spring,
i summer and autumn migrant. The first ar-
rivals of this handsome “beach bird” in the
spring are seen on Cape Cod about the last
week In April or first in May, the full force
passing during the second and third weeks in
May. Stragglers are seen as late as June 24th.

In the summer the first ones migrating south,
which are adults, reach the Cape as early as
July 6th, becoming common by the 17th and
abundant by the 25th. The young commence
to arrive the first week in August, and by the
middle or last of the month no adults are seen.
They are abundant at intervals during Septem-
ber and October, a few remaining late into No-
vember and individuals have been seen in De-
cember. In the spring they are seen in pairs or
small flocks of from six to twelve and evince
a marked shyness which is not noticed in the
autumn. They go to the sand flats and low
beaches to feed along the edges of channels and
receding tide water. They are very restless and
exhibit great activity while running about in
search of their food, which is sand fleas and
other small marine animals. As soon as the
tide flows they retire to the high beaches to wait
until the next ebb tide. They are often seen in
large flocks running about on the sand near the
surf picking up small bits of food washed up
by the waves — and from this habit they are
best known in some localities on the Atlan-
tic coast as “Surf snipe.” As soon as a breaker :
comes rolling in on to the beach they beat a
hasty retreat, keeping ahead and out of reach
of the rushing water, then turn and follow the
retreating waters, often wading belly deep to
get a dainty morsel before it is carried beyond
their reach. About five years ago I found this
bird verj' plentiful in September at fish works
on Monomoy Island, about some guano that
was spread out near the beach. They were
feeding on small flies and insects that were
very numerous about and on the guano. I ;
have never seen it on the marshes and it is a
bird of the sand, as its name implies. They i
are very salable in our markets and since some
of our larger birds have become scarce, a great
many are shot each season by the market gun-
gers and sportsmen from the cities. An old
gunner writes me that about ten years ago he
shot six of these birds on Pace Point, Province-
town, and that he had never seen any before or
since.

A Sanderling with Hind Toes. — On September n, 1903,1 obtained
from a gunner at Ipswich, Mass., a Sanderling ( Calidris arenaria ) which
had rudimentary hind toes. The bird was one of eleven shot in my pres-
ence out of a passing flock. None of the other birds secured had this
peculiarity. The hind toes are only about .05 of an inch in length and
have no claws but they were very noticeable in the fresh bird and are
equally so in the skin, which is now in the collection of Dr. Charles W.
Townsend of Boston. I suppose this to be a case of reversion, as the
ancestors of the Sanderling were doubtless four-toed sandpipers. —
Francis H. Allen, ' Boston. Mass. a

t Auk, XXI, Jan. , 1904., p-,7?.

Old Records for Maas, & Rhode Id.

Muskeget Island, Massachusetts, March 11, 1894. Six Sanderling
(Calidris leucophoea ) have lived in the vicinity the past -winter.

Auk 28, JML-l©ll,p. (HQ,

O.&o. XIII. Sept. 1888 p .129 -)30

Ptirds of the Adirondack itegion.

C.H.Merri»*a

182 Calidris arenaria (Linn.) Illig. Sanderling.- On the S th of
October, 1881 Mr. O. B. Lockhart killed, from a flock, four Sanderhngs at
Lake George, in Warren Co. (Dr. A. K. Fisher.)

BuU.N.0.0, 7, April, 1882, p. IX#

Sanderling ( Calidris arenaria) . I have a female of this biid, taken
by a friend, Aug. 12, 1887, on Onondaga Lake.— Morris M. Green,
Sy ra cuse, IV. 2 ~ ■

Auk, 4, Oct. 1887, p, -

Calidris arenaria, Sanderling. — One specimen, taken in the autumn
of 1893, and another on May 25, 1895.

Auk, XVI, J iily, 1399, p. * Ss~ .

SZr&ac.a., 7&.c/ .

Calidris leucophsea. Sanderling. — A flock of five on Aug. 18 was the
first appearance of this species. Sept. 15 and 16 it was fairly common,
and was last seen Sept. 24.

▲ok 27. July-1810 p*

ST 7

o.&o. xj,jun.i886. P . yy.

Albinistic Pin mages. R. Deane.

32. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling. — Mr. Geo. E. Browne, of Ded-
ham, Mass., shot an albino Sanderling at Cotuit, Mass., Oct. 22, 1879.
The bird was pure white, with the exception of a faint line on the head.
In the “ Zoologist,” Nov. 1879, p. 460, Mr. C. M. Adamson records a
white Sanderling which was shot at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, Aug.
28, 1879, “ nearly all white; the centre of the head cream-color, shaded
to white, gradually and evenly marked there as elsewhere. Beak and
legs olive.” ' *

Bull N. O.O. 5, Jan., 1880, p, 29

84 ORNITH<

Notes on Aptoso-Chromatism.

BY WALTER IIOXIE, FROGMORE, S. C.

I have had several interesting letters since the
appearance of my article in the April O. and O.,
and as perhaps more of its readers may feel at
least a curiosity to know something more of my
method of studying Aptoso-chromatism I subjoin
the notes taken to-day on those of yesterday’s
specimens.

Sanderling $ , 1928, 4-23. Moult nearly com-
plete. No signs of breeding plumage except a
few feathers on the upper parts. Breast and neck
pure white. Testes minute.

The following species has a distinct postjuvenal moult.

Sanderling ( Calidris arenarid) .

1. Natal Down. Not seen by me.

2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult.
This plumage is much washed with buff, the edgings of many of
the feathers distinctly buff, including those of the sides of the
breast, the tint fading quite rapidly. A bird (Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. No. 60751, ? , August 20, Labrador) of fresh plumage illus-
trates this stage.

3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial moult which
includes the body plumage, tertiaries, and wing-coverts but not
the remiges nor rectrices. A wholly gray plumage, white below,
is assumed and, save for left-over tell-tale feathers, especially
tertiaries, young birds become practically indistinguishable from
adults that have completed their postnuptial moult, although
the feathers of young birds are paler centrally and therefore with
less obvious shaft-streaks. September and October specimens
in every collection show the gradual growth of the gray body
feathers and one from Bolivia (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No.
30860, August) shows that this far southern locality may be
reached before the moult is far advanced. Another specimen
(U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 161921, October 1, Virginia) is largely in
first winter dress ; also one (G. B. Sennett, No. 404, $ , Novem-
ber 1, Pennsylvania) and one (Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 6455 L
?, November 9, Lower California), possibly an adult, is wholly
gray. Among winter specimens of young birds, determined by
retained juvenal feathers, especially dusky-tipped tertiaries, the
buff edgings of which fade to white, are the following, viz. ; U. S.
Nat. Mus. No. 163525, January 9, California; No. 102063, Jan-

Vol. XVII
1900

Dwight, Moult of North American Shore Birds.

imen (G. B. Sennett, No. 3685, 9 , March 28, Texas) may also
be cited. The full plumage may not be acquired until early in
May. Auk, XVII, Oct., 1900, p

3 So

Dwight, Moult of North American Shore Birds. LOct

uary, Heligoland Id., and Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 64542, $ ,
January, Heligoland Id. Several much worn February birds that
may be either young birds or adults are still in full winter dress.

• 4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a prenuptial moult that
appears to be complete, although possibly not in females. The
reddish dusky barred feathers of the throat are assumed with the
black, gray or rusty edged feathers of the back, young and old
being practically indistinguishable although adults are richer in
color and there are fewer winter feathers left behind when the
moult is completed. Several specimens illustrate different stages,
viz. : Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 49827, April 19, Florida; No.
45485, 2 , April 13, California; No. 60007, 9 , April 30, Florida,
all showing ‘ blood-feathers ’ of the body plumage and of the
rectrices to a greater or less degree.

5. Second or Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete
postnuptial moult in July, August, September and October.
Many August and September specimens show new gray winter
feathers creeping in on the back while new white ones below
gradually efface the reddish colors. As early as July 7 one
specimen (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 151633, Venezuela) is largely
in winter dress, retaining only three old primaries, while another
(U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 102064, $ , October 31, Peru) still retains
five old primaries. Two birds (U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 128793 and
128795, October 8, Aldabra Id., Indian Ocean) are in the midst
of moult, retaining three distal primaries, the others, with most
of the body plumage and the inner pairs of rectrices being new.
The full winter dress, which differs very little from that of young
birds, is • shown by various specimens; U. S. Nat. Mus. No.
128796, November 10, Aldabra Id., Indian Ocean; G. B. Sennett,
No. 3938, January, Texas; Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 39075,
February 23, Florida (possibly a young bird).

6. Second or Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by a prenuptial
moult that involves the body plumage and part of the wing-
coverts but apparently not the remiges nor rectrices. An
undoubted adult (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 45580, $ , April 13,
California) is instructive, retaining a few feathers of the previous
nuptial dress, much worn, part of the winter dress less worn, and
with new body feathers growing at many points. A similar spec-

Vol. XVII"j Dwight, Moult of North American Shore Birds. jSl

1900 J J

imen (G. B. Sennett, No. 3685, 2 , March 28, Texas) may also
be cited. The full plumage may not be acquired until early in
May. Auk, XVII, Oct., 1900 , p p. 379 ' 3 ^.