The Possibility of Puffinus bermudx Nichols & Mowbray in the
North Atlantic. — An old Shearwater skin presented by G. A. Boardman
in 1867 to the Boston Society of Natural History, now M. C. Z. 73408,
taken on the coast of Maine or New Brunswick by Dresser, was originally
determined as Puffinus puffinus (Briinnich). Recently Mr. R. C. Murphy
compared this specimen with the type of P. f. bermudce Nichols & Mowbray,
and found it very similar.

It therefore seems reasonable to suspect that former records of the
! Manx Shearwater in the northwest Atlantic might really have been this
Bermuda form.— W. Sprague Brooks, Boston Society of Natural History.

4^-,*xxiy, Ap*., ^ ^ o(o

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE
FAMILY PR O CELLAR I I DPR.

BY CHARLES B. CORY.

Fuffinus borealis. Above brownish-ash, the feathers of the back
becoming pale at the tips, those on the nape and sides of the neck narrow¬
ly tipped with white ; on the sides of the neck and head the ash and white
gradually mingling as in P. kuhlii. Tips of the upper tail coverts, white.
Under eyelid, white, showing clearly in contrast with the ashy gray of the
head. The first three primaries are light ash on the inner webs. Wings
and tail brownish-gray. Under parts, white, slightly touched with ash
on the flanks, lining of wings white. Under tail coverts white, the longest
tinged with ash near the ends, which extend nearly to the tips of the
longest tail feathers. Outside of foot greenish-black,'inside and webs dull
orange, bill pale yellowish at the base shading into greenish-black but
again becoming pale near the tip.

Length, 20.50 inches; wing. 14.50; bill (straight line to tip), 2.25;
depth at base, .75; tail, 6.50; tarsus. 2.20.

The type specimen of this Shearwater was killed near Chatham
Island, Cape Cod, Mass., on the nth of October last. Being un¬
acquainted with it I showed it to some fishermen and requested
.them to procure any birds they might meet with resembling it.
During the afternoon one of the boats returned bringing a number
of birds of this species. The men stated that they had met with
a flock a short distance from shore and had shot several and
knocked others down with their oars. According to their
statement, after firing the first shot, the birds flew about them 'in
a dazed manner often passing within a few feet of the boat.

Bull. N.O.O. Q, April, 1881. p, ,

fyu a ( &£/_

Tl 7 ff

fa* .

1

Cory’s Shearwater (Puffinus borealis) off the Coast of Massa¬
chusetts. — On the 2d of last August I was out in a yacht collecting
sea-birds, about thirty miles eastward from the southeast end of Cape
Cod, Wilson’s Petrels, Pomarine Skuas, Greater and Sooty Shearwaters
were abundant. Both these Shearwaters were often seen sitting on the
water in flocks, associating freely with one another, and were easily
approached.

On one occasion I sailed up to quite a large flock, and shot a P. fuli-
ginosus. As the rest rose, I suddenly perceived amongst them a
Shearwater entirely new to me, and my other barrel soon brought it
down. The yacht was put about, and I was on the point of laying hands
on the prize, when it suddenly started up, and was gone,-—much to my
chagrin. Soon, however, I saw a similar one flying about in company
with several of the common Shearwaters. It presently came near, and
was shot, proving to be a Cory’s Shearwater. This was enough to keep
me on the lookout for more, and when about half way in to land, another
came scaling along over the water, and was also secured. These were
all that I saw. One of the fishermen, to whom I showed the birds,
reported having seen a few others the next day. This, however, may be
open to some doubt.

In habits they perfectly resemble the other species, but are readily
distinguished from P. major by their lighter colors, and conspicuously
large, yellow bill. They are very tame, and when engaged in feeding
may almost be run down by a boat. Considerable effort is shown in
rising from the water, but when once a-wing, they fly with great swift¬
ness.

Nothing is known of them by the fishermen, who perhaps overlook
them among the thousands of the other commoner varieties. Speci¬
mens were first taken by Mr. Charles B. Cory in nearly the same locality
where mine were captured, and were described by him in the Bulletin
of April, 1881.— Herbert K. Job, Boston , Mass.

Bull. N, 0.0, 8,Oct. 1883, P<

GENERAL NOTES.

Occurrence of Cory’s Shearwater (Puffinus borealis ) and Several Species
of Jaegers in Large Numbers in the Vicinity of Gayhead, Mass., during
the Autumn of 1886 . —In the early part of the summer of 1886, both mack¬
erel and bluefish were very scarce near the coast of the Middle States
and it was ascertained that they were busily engaged in feeding on a small
white fish, three or four inches long, occurring in immense.numbers, i^o
to 200 miles off the coast. This fish proves to be young sea herring
( Clupea vulgaris). Towards the end of September this herring came in¬
shore in large numbers, from Point Judith to Buzzard’s Bay and Vineyard
Sound, where they, remained until the end of October, and perhaps still
later. They were accompanied by mackerel of unusually large size and
fatness, which furnished for many weeks an ample supply to fishing crafts
of various kinds, and they were captured, for the most part, with the hook
and line.

With the herring came also enormous numbers of Puffinus and Ster-
corarius, the former proving to be almost exclusivly the Puffinus borealis
Cory, with a few Puffinus stricklandi. None of the P. major were
seen.

The Stercorarius consisted principally of S. parasiticus and S. pom-
arinus; these in every imaginable stage of coloration : some beingentirely
dusky and others in various grades of immaturity; very few, if anv
specimens in full plumage being seen.

The Shearwaters occurred in flocks of perhaps from fifty to two or three
hundred, the bunches being generally found quietly resting on the water
and feeding, while swimming, upon the herrings that were so abundant
in the vicinity. They were very tame, but approach to them could be best
made by a steam launch, which would almost run over them before thev
would start to fly. A dozen birds were killed by the discharge of two guns
from a launch. About a hundred specimens were secured, and thousands
could easily have been killed if necessary.

When last heard from, towards the beginning of November, the birds
were still with the herrings, and were found very abundantly off Gay
Head, Menemsha Bight, Cuttyhunk, and elsewhere, both in Vineyard
Sound and Buzzard’s Bay.

The Jaegers were shyer, and were generally killed singly as they flew
past. They did not seem to associate closely with the Shearwaters.—

S. F. Baird. Washington , D. C. Auk, 4 , J*n. , 1887, p, //' 7%

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.

F. W. Andros.

Puffinus borealis Cory., Cory’s Shearwater.
Mr. F. B. Webster reports some specimens sent
to him from Bristol, R. I. in summer of 1886.
“They were taken off the coast of this county.”

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.138

5 "

Cory’s Shearwater at Newport, R. I.—In the Auk for January, 1887, an
account was given by Prof. Baird of the occurrence of great numbers of
Jaegers and Cory’s Shearwaters, found feeding upon the young herring,
which, towards the end of September, 1886, abounded from Point Judith
to Vineyard Sound. On the 30th of the same month, I received from
J. Glynn, Jr., of Newport, a Shearwater which appeared to me to be
Puffinus borealis, and Mr. Cory has since kindly confirmed the identifica¬
tion. This furnishes some evidence to show that the flight of these birds
extended as far west as the mouth of Narragansett Bay.— William C.
Rives, Jr., M. D., Newport, P. I. A-tiR, V. -Jftn. 1880® p® /Oo-

Cory’s Shearwater at Newport, R. I.—In the Auk for January, 1887, an
account was given by Prof. Baird of the occurrence of great numbers of
Jaegers and Cory’s Shearwaters, found feeding upon the young herring,
which, towards the end of September, 1-886, abounded from Point Judith
to Vineyard Sound. On the 30th of the same month, I received from
J. Glynn, Jr., of Newport, a Shearwater which appeared to me to be
Puffnus borealis, and Mr. Cory has since kindly confirmed the identifica¬
tion. This furnishes some evidence to show that the flight of these birds
extended as far west as the mouth of Narragansett Bay.— -William C.
Rives, Jr., M. D., Newport, R. /. Auk, V. Jan. 1888. P .fOo-

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Puffinus borealis at Gardiner’s Bay, N. Y. — Stragglers, from the large
flight of Cory’s Shearwaters, which occurred in September and October,
1886, off Gay Head,* Mass., seem to have reached Long Island, N. Y. I
recently obtained a specimen taken by Mr. W. W. Worthington, in Gar¬
diner’s Bay, Long Island.

This is, I believe, the first recorded specimen from New York.— Arthur
P. Chadbourne, Cambridge , Mass.

* Baird, Auk, Vol. IV, 1887, p. 71.

Auk, V. April 1888. p. Z^X

Bird Notes from Long Island, N. Y.
William Dutoher.

4. Puffinus borealis. Cory’s Shearwater.— Ever since the discovery
of this species I have felt sure that it eventually would be added to the
list of Long Island birds. When I read in ‘The Auk’ for January, 1887,
the note by the late Professor Baird, recording the occurrence of Cory’s
Shearwater in numbers between Point Judith (Rhode Island) and Vine¬
yard Sound, I was certain that the time was near at hand. It was with
great pleasure, therefore, that I received from Messrs. Lucas and Buck,
two specimens, a male and female, which, with four others, weie shot oft
Amagansett, Suffolk Co., about October 18, 1887.

Auk, V, April, 1888. p.173

Bd». Obs. at Little and GreatGnll - p-
landa, N.Y. Aug. '88 B. H. Dutch. r»

- Puffinus borealis. Cory’s Shearwater.— But two individuals of

this species were noted, one of which was secured. The Shearwaters
seemed always to keep in company with the Jaegers, and to be engaged in
the same occupation,—that of robbing the Terns. In fact their habits all
through were much the same as those of the Jaegers, although I cannot
say positively that I ever saw one alight on the surface of the water. Speak¬
ing of the Jaegers and Shearwaters collectively, Chas. B. Field said that
they stayed while the bluefish were there, but as he had not before dis¬
tinguished one species from• the other, he could not be certain whether
only one staved, or whether both remained. It is probable, however, that
both remain all summer. The stomach of the specimen secured con-
tained only fish bones.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p.

Notes Concerning Certain Birds of Long Island, N) Y.— Puffinus
borealis. Mr. Andrew Chichester shot two birds (£ and ?) of this spe¬
cies on the ocean some distance off Fire Island Inlet, on Oct. 4, 1902, and
sent them to me in the flesh.

Will lam C.Braislin, 11. D., Brooklyn, N.Y.

Auk, XXI, Apr., 190 p.2,97.

Cory’s Shearwater in abundance off Long Island.— On October 2,

1911, I shot two Shearwaters off the coast of East Hampton, Long Island’.

I took them to be Cory’s Shearwater (Puffinus borealis ) but to make sure 1
brought them to Mr. W. DeW. Miller, Assistant Curator of Ornithology at
the American Museum of Natural History who confirmed my identification.
There were any number of them, together with some Greater Shearwaters
{Puffinus grains). The difference between the two species was apparent
at quite a distance, the commoner bird appearing darker.— William Tod
Helmuth, Jr., New York City.

t/<x IX'KArfc*. itJT*, ft, 2jy

1455- Notes on the Differences between Cory’s Shearwater, Puffinus
borealis, and the Greater Shearwater, Puffinus major. By C. I May¬
nard. Ibid., pp. 53,55. &uar» Jour, Boe, Zool. Boo. II *

Notes on Birds of Grand Ban .

Jt. Li.NawoomL. - 1S78,

The next day (August 30 )
the first Shearwater (Puffinus major), the “ Plagdon ” of the fishermen,
was met with, the vessel being then just out of sight of land.

Bull. N.O.O. 4, April, 1870, p. 127

Notes on Birds of Grand Ban’-s.
R. L.Nevroonab. - 1878,

The men were dressing fish, and ‘ Hags ^were numerous
and bold, coming within six feet of me to pick up fish livers. Betel* fey ifce
h ombIwmB sgH . i .i U ii ' ibL

A f~ -

Bull. N.O.O. 4, April, 1870, p.12*

fia/u, t$Asic>Li -cA. A/uv**, A CfrCdu .

?. ti. ’f/xAfrAst*

In July,

1881, Wm. S. Gilpin shot a Shearwater, or
Puffinus major . This pelagic species, com¬
mon on the banks, had evidently been
blown in..

Cp.+(P. V//. H' y. 122"

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

20. Puffinus major. Greater Shearwater; IIagdon. — Common
in large flocks offshore. We occasionally ran into great flocks of these
birds a good way offshore. They were very tame and would hardly take
wing before the schooner ran them down.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.27.

cfc-*— Irov^o A %JU

WA ( aTi , Vk.

Puffinus gravis. Greater Shearwater. Puffinus fuligi-
nosus. — Sooty Shearwater. —Four of the latter and one of the
former were seen at sea south of the island, the numbers of the two
species being in inverse order to their usual proportion.

(LAx. C*f*< bffiX. _

Winter Notes From Wellesley,
Mass.

BY S. W. DENTON.

I have the pleasure of recording the capture
of a specimen of Greater Shearwater (Pu.fflnus
major ), about Nov. 25, 1887, in the town of
Dover, near the Wellesley line, by a young
man in the employ of B. P. Cheeney. The
night preceding the day of its capture had been
a very windy one, accompanied by heavy rain.
As Mr. Nilan was passing a hedge near the
barn, he noticed this strange bird crouched be¬
hind it. it was easily caught, but bit furiously
when taken in hand. Mr. Nilan, however,
took it home in the hope of being able to keep
it alive, but as it refused all food and was so
ugly, snapping at any one who approached
the cage, he gave it to Mr. Thomas Smith of
Wellesley, who mounted it for his collection.
Mr. Smith endeavored to kill the bird as one
would a Sparrow, by pressing tightly with his
fingers and thumb on each side of its body, and
though finally successful, he assured me he
never wanted to try another, the bird coming
to life several times after he supposed it dead.
It was a male, no doubt blown in from the sea
by the storm, and had evidently been without
food for some time, as it was in poor condition,
and the stomach contained absolutely nothing.

0.&O. XIII. July. 1888 p. 104

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NOTES ON CERTAIN LARIDHE AND PROCELLARII-
DyE OF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST.

BY CAPT. J. W. COLLINS.

In the second volume of ‘New England Bird Life,’ edited by
Dr. Elliott Coues, statements are made concerning the habits of
certain species of our sea-birds to which it seems desirable to call
attention, since, as I am informed, similar statements, though
erroneous, have generally been put forth as facts by the majority
of American ornithologists.

It is stated that the Greater Shearwater (Puffinus major )—the
‘Hag’ or ‘Hagdon’ of the fishermen—and the ‘Black Hag’ ( P.
fuliginosus') , both of which usually come and go together, are
winter birds on our coast. Though it may appear egotistical
for me to question such high authority, I am, nevertheless, com¬
pelled to say that these birds are not found with us in winter,
unless, indeed, a stray specimen might be seen. In thirty years
of sea-life off the coasts of New England and the British North
American Provinces, I have never seen any ‘Hags’ in winter, nor
have I learned of their occurrence at that season. They usually
come in May, the time of arrival being slightly varied by the con¬
dition of the weather. In the spring of 1879 I saw the first
‘Llagdon’ ( P. major ) on May 26, and three days later they were
abundant, sitting on the water in large flocks, as is their habit
when they first reach the fishing banks, or when they are about
to depart in the fall, though at other times they rarely congre¬
gate except they may be attracted together by the presence of
food. They usually leave the fishing grounds—from Cape Cod
to the Grand Bank—in October and November ; the first snow
starts off any of these birds which have remained behind their
companions.

I have no knowledge of where or when they breed. I have
opened many hundreds (it would not, perhaps, be an exaggeration
to say thousands), and I never found one with sexual organs in a
condition which would indicate that the birds were breeding.

CUA^r. t*8H. />/». 3. 3(=-X 37 .

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

21. Puffinus stricklandi. Sooty Shearwater. — Common, among the
Greater Shearwaters. The shearwaters were the only sea fowl which
proved to be totally inedible.

Aub, XIX, Jan., 19C2, p.27.

W ^ j (fiirt.A ^ \av i 0'

jP C/^oJ^ ' &f\ f fa 6

Birds of N.E. coast of Labrador
by Henry B. Bigelow.

21. Puffinus stricklandi. Sooty Shearwater. — Common, among the
Greater Shearwaters. The shearwaters were the only sea fowl which
proved to be totally inedible.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 19C2, p.27.

« h A rc“ erwassl,otat Nahant ’ Ma,s - ju, y

0.&O.XIV.Jnl. 1889 pltt

Auk, XIV, Apr., 1897, p.

Puffinus stricklandi. Sooty Shearwater. — Four were seen in
company at Nantucket Sept. 3, 1896, as they passed by the south side of
the island, flying towards the west.

<jto- ^n^dUy f 7 / ' h< c^>,

i )z<rfcL '^O n,

Puffinus griseus. Sooty Shearwater. On May 29, 1916, about six
miles east of Pigeon Cove, Mass., a female specimen was taken.

KXX V/, / 9 /?j JO % 30 .

/£

Black-capped Petrel in New Hampshire. — Recently Mr. Henry W.
Osgood sent me a photograph (see Plate XXII) of a Black-capped Petrel
(AEstrelata hasitata) taken at Pittsfield, N. H., August 30, 1893, but not
hitherto recorded. 1 The locality of capture is forty miles from the sea.
The specimen was a male, and fell, in an exhausted condition, near Mr.
Osgood’s home. Its stomach was empty. This is the first record of the
species for New Hampshire, though previously reported from Vermont.

This straggler from tropical seas has the following North American
records : (1) Near Indian River, Florida, winter of 1846 (Lawrence, Ann.
Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, IV, p. 47.5). (2) Quoque, Long Island, N. Y.,

July, 1850 (Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, V, 1852, p. 220).
(3) Blacksburg, Va., Aug. 30, 1893 (Smyth, Auk, X, 1893, p. 361). (4)

Oneida Lake, N. Y., Aug. 28, 1893 (Bagg, Auk, XI, 1894, 162). (5)

Toronto, Canada, Oct. 30, 1893 (Mcllwraith, Birds of Ontario, 1894, p.
414). (6) Vermont, place and date not recorded (Allen, Auk, XI, 1894, p.

241). (7) New Paltz, Ulster Co., N. Y., Jan. 26, 1895 (Foster, Auk, XII,

1895, p. 179). (8) Cincinnati, Ohio (two specimens), Oct. 3, 1898 (Lin¬
dahl, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 75). (9) Augusta, Ky., Oct. 4, 1898 (Lindahl,

Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 75). (10) The New Hampshire specimen recorded

above — ten records, eleven specimens.— J. A. Allen, Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist., New York City. . 3^3

1 Since this note was sent to the printer I have received a copy of . Mr.
Glover M. Allen’s ‘ A list of the Birds of New Hampshire’ (Proc. Manchester
Institute of Arts and Sciences, IV, Pt. 1, pp. 23-222), in which (p. 69) occurs
the following: “A single specimen was captured at Pittsfield, in Merrimack
County, in August, 1893, and beyond an anonymous paragraph in the Boston
Sunday Plerald (’93), appears not to have been recorded. The bird is now in
the mounted collection of Mr. William Brewster, No. 46,076, catalogued
under date of August 30, 1893. Doubtless the bird was blown up the coast
by the tropical hurricane of the last week of August in that year,” with also
Nos. 3, 4, and 6 of the above list.

In a letter just received Mr. Osgood confirms Mr. Allen’s statement that the
New Hampshire specimen, recorded above, is now in Mr. Brewster’s collection.

Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

By James K.Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oct., I90G, p.443.

24. .ffistrelata hasitata. Black-capped Petrel. — I have in my
collection two specimens, one a male picked up dead on Toronto Island by
Mr. George Pierce, October 30, 1894 1 ; the other taken seventeen miles
west on the lake shore by the late Mr. H. J. Baker, at about the same time,
but the date is uncertain. The first bird was in very bad condition and
must have been dead some days.

The first bird is much grayer on the back and head than the second;
the ash-gray edging of the feathers is very pronounced on the back, while
in the second the edging is browner and scarcely visible, the whole back
being dark brown instead of gray as in the first. In the second bird the
crown is brown, almost black, shading to grayish brown on the back of
the neck, which is not divided by a white band; the cheeks and ear coverts
are like the crown; the feathers of the forehead are sooty brown edged with
white. In the first the tarsi and toes are as described, but in the second
they differ; the exposed portion of the tibia to just above the heel joint is
yellow (in the dried skin), the joint itself all around, and the back of the
tarsus brownish black, the front yellow, the toes and webs yellow to the
first joint, the rest black. i Biological Review of Ontario, I, 1894, 11,12.

Birds of Oneida Comity, New York.

Bgrbert Bagg.

iEstrelata hasitata.—A male of this rare straggler was shot at Verona
Beach, on Oneida Lake, August 28, 1893, by the Rev. G. A. Biederman,
who presented it to Alex. H. Moore, a young ornithologist of Utica, who
mounted and preserved it. Mr. B. reports that there were two birds
together, but careful search shortly afterward failed to find the other, and
it may have been some other species. Through the courtesy of Mr.

Moore, who brought the bird to me for identification while in the flesh,
and who loaned it to me after it was mounted, I was able to secure accu¬
rate measurements and fairly good photographs of this bird.

The stomach was empty. The coloration was exactly as given by Dr.

Coues, as quoted by Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway. The measurements
were as follows: Length, 16 in.; wing, 10; tail 54, its graduation, il;
bill, 1 1 , | deep, 4 wide; tube, f; tarsus, i 4 ; middle toe and claw, 2

Aok XI. April. 1894 p. 162-83

20

( 4076 .) Will you kindly tell me the origin
of the expression, “Mother Carey’s chick¬
ens”? L. W. L.

[This is a term applied by sailors to flocks
of the stormy petrel. Mother Carey is
“mother dear” (mater cara), and the term
signifies the Virgin Mary, who is the patron¬
ess of sailors. Roman Catholic sailors be¬
lieve that she gives notice of approaching
storms by sending flocks of the stormy petrel
to warn them.]

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2 ?

Notes on Some Birds of Grand
Manan.

EDITED BY F. II. CARPENTER.

Leach’s Petrel, (Oceanodroma leucorkoa).
This species we found breeding by thousands
on Wood's and the White Horse Islands. A
few pairs remain on Low Duck. The island of
the White Horse is completely honey-combed,
as are tracts on Wood’s by their burrows which
extend from seven or eight inches to two feet in
length, taking all sorts of courses and often
crossing and bisecting the passage of other
pairs. The consistency of the loam is a damp
fertile mold which enables the bird not only to
excavate without difficulty but renders the bur¬
rows proof against cave-ius from a natural
cause. At the end of the burrow is a thin lin¬
ing of dry reeds, straw or twigs on which the
single egg is placed. We usually made an en¬
trance by running in the arm to the elbow and
then raising up and the nest was usually reach¬
ed by the second time if not the first, though in
a few cases we were obliged to work some time,
often running off the scent into deserted cav¬
ities ere we struck the right one. The birds
when set free by a starting toss into the air
took a direct course out over the water and
were soon out of sight, but if not thus aided
they waddled about in the grass trying to hide
their heads in a very stupid manner.

The eggs are exceedingly brittle and require
a month’s sitting to hatch. The young are fed
during the night, and though the parents swarm
forth by thousands at this time in search of
food for their progeny, they never seemed to
mistake their home for that of another on

their return; still to the human eye their bur¬
rows are as similar to each other as the borings
of an auger and it seemed hardly possible that
distinction could be made. The tracts inhab¬
ited are permeated with the odor of the birds
which can be felt by delicate olfactory nerves
a long way out to sea.

O & O. XII. Oct. 1887 p./7-l-J

7 *

N*U» •» Bird* «f Grand B»»'
R L.N«»«o*k. - 187 .

“ September 12. Shot eight Carey Chickens at once to-day ; they were very
numerous.

BulLN.B.C. 4, April, 1879, «

Note* on Bird* of Grand Baa'-s.

R. Li.Nawaoai# - 1878,

<S tfij. 3. Sc^r Mother Carey’s Chickens, 1

Ball N.O.O. 4, April, 1»79, p.127

Notas on Birds of Grand Ban
R. L. Ketroomb. - 1378.

‘ 1 September 8. Saw several

this a. M. These birds evidently follow vessels for the

t Carey Chickens’
garbage.

Bull N.O..O. 4, April, 1879, p.128

Birds of N.E. coast of Labra.dor

by Henry B. Bigelow.

22 . Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Leach’s Petrel. —Very common locally
south of Hamilton Inlet. North of that they were rare. We visited sev¬
eral islets where the turf was riddled with their holes, and the air reeked
with their sharp musky odor. Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p.27.

Jlu^cM^Urzo /uuu /i-octct/ X-eotA'&AstcC
4*^u>tco f2/</ityO /biski- ^ T^vty ^ <£cc*sts J ui^^ aJ <L' f

AiaA. v. Jpuo 6 , iter. f. /2f~/3i~

Notes on Birds of Grand Ban
R. I*. Newcomb, - 1878.

S3, Petrels (Cymoj c h or ea leucorrhoa).

Bull. N.OtO. 4, April, 187*, *.128

Birds within Ten Miles of Poir
deMonts, Gan, Gomean&Merri;

138 . Cymochorea leucorrhoa. Leach’s Petrel. — Common in
summer.

Bttli N. 0.0. 7, Got, 1882, p, 241

Birds of Magdalsn islands.

Dr. L.B.Biahop.

12 . Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Leach’s Petrel.— Breeds in small
numbers on Great Bird Rock, Bryon Island, and probably on most of the
other islands, although we were unable to find nests. I am indebted
to Mr. Lucas and Mr. Palmer for the knowledge of the presence of this
species on the Bird Rocks.

Auk, vi. April, 1889. p. 146

*1

w^.£>-

Oceanodroma leucorrhoa. Leach’s Petrel. Oceanites oce-

anic^T^WnlOT^PETOEL.—Petrels, apparently of both species,
were seen at a distance off the Nova Scotia coast south of Cape
Breton. Cu^, />■> 73 .

Notes on Leach's Petrel ( Cymochorea leucorrhoa .)— Under date of
July 29, 1880, Mr. Manly Hardy of Brewer, Maine, gives me the following
notes on Leach’s Petrel. The facts regarding incubation, are I think, new,
and go to show that, as with the Phalaropes, the female Petrels have
strongly imbibed the spirit of the nineteenth century.

“ I have lately had quite a number of Leach’s Petrels taken on the nests
and find some things which are not mentioned in such books as I have
access to. In the first place, the males do most, if not all, of the incubating.

In a number received the 1st of June, five out of six were males. Think¬
ing that, like Pigeons, the males might perhaps all sit at the same time,

I had another lot sent me about June 15, and again, of twelve specimens
seven proved to be males. A careful examination showed that while the
under plumage of the females was in every case perfect, each male had
on the lower part of the breast a bare spot large enough to cover the egg.

“ Some writers mention their ejecting oil when irritated. 1 (ind that
either sex can eject at least one-eighth their bulk of very pure reddish oil,
and that it is given forth equally freely when the bird is killed by chloio-
form. I think that it is probably intended to.serve as food for the young.”

— William Brewster, Cambridge, N t O»Ot 3»Aprili 1881, P

SummerResidents on Southwest
Ooast of Maims. X.H, Montgomery, Jr.

106 . Leach’s Petrel. Common out at sea.

1 A few come into Boothbay Harbor.

Q.mdO, Mi STov.ls 90 , p,1 01

,, , Auk, XV, Jan,, 1898, p. 5 '°

Leach s Petrel at Lancaster, N. H. — October i, 1897, a pair of
Leach s Petiels ( Oceanodroina leucor/ioa') were seen on a small pond in
this town; one of them was shot, and its skin is now in my possession*
The bird was very fat, and it seems remarkable that it should be found
here, at least 100 miles from the nearest coast. —F. B. Spaulding, Lan¬
caster, N. II.

Stormy Petrel (Thalassidroma pelagi-
ca) was shot on the Connecticut River,
opposite Springfield, Mass., a few years
ago The specimen is about six inches
long, its plumage, rusty black, except back
of the thighs and above the tail, which is of
white. The upper mandible is long and
terminates with a short hooked nail. The
wings i esemble the swallows and are large
for the bird. The feet are small, anterior
toes webbed, hind toe only a claw. The
oily nature of the bird is very noticeable
in this specimen. Before it was skinned
its presence was very perceptible by the
smell, reminding one of an old-fashioned
oil lamp.— O. B. Deane.

O.&o. Vlll. June. 1883 .p,

7iS- Stormy Petrel ( Thalassidroma fielagica). -By O. B. Deane
bld 7 P ' M--Shot at Springfield, Mass., “a few years ago.” (The
species was evidently a ‘Stormy’ Petrel, but probably not T. pelagic ! )

IS

Oceanodroma leuoo.rhoa

Concord,
1878.
Oct.13.

Mass.

Dan French told me of hi
Fairhaven Bay last week. It
waves as if on the ocean and
when he sailed nearly within

s seeing a Leach's
dipped along over
finally settled on
arm's length of it

+

Petrel at

he miniature

the water

%

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.
F.W. Andros.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieill.), Leach’s Pe¬
trel. Resident, occasionally seen off the coast.

O.&O. XII.Sept. 1887 p.138

On September 14, 18S9, I shot and captured a Leach’s Petrel ( Ocean?-
droma leucorhoa) upon the Connecticut River, four or five miles below
Springfield. Its presence so far inland can undoubtedly be accounted for
by the very violent northeast storm that had prevailed for the preceding two
or three days. The bird sat upon the water and permitted me to approach
in a boat within fifteen or twenty yards,—it would then arise and fly pei-
haps a quarter of a mile, then alight, repeating this action several times,
until I finally shot it.

vl, (Pcs. / /o. .

Leach’s Petrel at Westford, Mass. — Mr. E. Abbot informs me that a

Oceanodroma leucorhoa was shot on Forge Pond, Sep-
32, and that the bird is now in the Westford Public Library.
Heber Howe, Jr., Long-mood, Mass.

specimen of Oceanodroma
tember 25, 1902, and that the
— Reginald Heber Howe,

OWE, K., i^ongivuvu, lutioa. .

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.x^V.

Leach’s Petrel inland in Massachusetts. — A boy picked up a Leach’s
Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) on one of the streets in Clinton, Mass.,
Sept 27 , 1905 . The bird was alive and apparently uninjured, but it re¬
fused to ’eat anything and died October 2 . When it was skinned, a wound
was found on the head, as if the bird had flown against a wire. This may
explain why it was so easily caught, when apparently there was nothing
the matter with it. The town of Clinton is thirty-five miles from the sea.
The bird is now in the Thayer Museum.— John E. Thayer, Lancaster,

Mass. Auk, XXlll, Ian,. 1906, P 9/,

I 777a. SS- 7?a irtrf O' fttofr/S

Oceanodroma leucorhoa. The last of October a Leach’s Petrel was
captured alive on the Connecticut River, in the extreme southern part of
Northampton. There are numerous records of the presence of this bird
here, the earliest being previous to 1839 , when W. B. O. Peabody stated
that although this bird seemed so bound to the ocean by all its habits and
wants, he had one brought him that was taken near Chicopee River, in
Springfield, seventy miles from the shore. It has been supposed that
these petrels were driven inland by storms, but in October of this year we
had no severe gales in New England that were noticed inland at Spring-
field ; in fact, generally currents in the upper air were so sluggish that the
numerous balloons that were sent up from this point were unable to cover
any great distance, and it is also singular that if the appearance of these
birds inland depends on storms, that they should be found here only in
autumn and usually in October.

Aok 26, Jar -1909

has more recent information on the subject, it would be as well, to publish
it. The only known breeding places on the East Atlantic are the West-
mann Isles in Iceland, the Flannans, St. Kilda group and N. Rona in
Scotland and islets off the Kerry and Mayo coast in Ireland. — F. C. R.
Jourdain, Appleton Rectory, Abingdon, Berkshire, England.

Capture of Leach’s"Petrel 160 miles from the Sea. — In
October, 1879 , a Leach’s Petrol ( Cymochorea leucorrhoa) was shot in the
Hudson River, about six miles north of Troy, by William Clark, o
Waterford. The bird was mounted by William Gibson, of Lansingburg,
and is in his collection. — Austin F. Park, Troy, N. Y.

Bull. N.O.O. 5, July, 1880, p. 1*10 ■

Bds. ObB. at Little and Great Gull Tp-

lands, N.Y. Aug.’88 B.H.Dutch* r.

6. Oceanodroma leucorhoa, or , Petrel —Petrels, one

same time.* ______—

' ^rH^T-Chas. B. Field secured and gave me a Petrel that proved to be the

last-named of these species, thus warranting what has been said above to e rue

Wilson's, if not of Leach’s Petrel.

Auk. Tl. April, 1889. p. /X#-

BIRD NOTES FROM LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK.

BY WILLIAM DUTCHER.

i, Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Leach’s Petrel. —Three Petrels are in¬
cluded in Giraud’s Long Island list, as follows: Wilson’s, Fork¬
tailed, and the Least, the two latter being now known as Leach’s and the
Stormy Petrel. Mr. Lawrence included these, and added the Tropical
Fulmar, now known as the Black-capped Petrel, a straggler of this
species having been taken at Quogue, L. I., in 1850.* That the Stormy
Petrel ( Procellaria pelagica) was included on insufficient grounds is in¬
dicated by our present knowledge of its distribution. The general re¬
semblance to each other of the three species of this family included by
Mr. Giraud in his list is so great, and as they are not usually found near
the shore, it is not strange that they have been confounded in the earlier
records. Ml. Giraud considered Leach’s Petrel rare, as he records it in
the following words: “Is of rare occurrence on the shores of Long
Island.” t The only specimen of this species that I have been able to
procure, thus far, is a male, which struck Fire Island Light on the night
of May 4, 1888, between the hours of 10 P. m. and 2 A. M. The weather
was thick, with a br isk southwest wind.

* Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, p. 220.
t Birds of Long Island, p. 372.

Auk, "ft* April, 1889. p. I3I'I3X-

Leach’s Petrel ( Oceanodroma leucorhoa) on the Long Island Shore.

On October 21, 1904, while walking along the Sound beach off Mt. Sinai
Harbor, about six o’clock p. M., I observed a long-winged bird flying low
over the waves, a short distance from shore. I shot the bird, which proved
to be a male Leach’s Petrel. Early next morning, two miles further west
on the same beach, I secured a second specimen, which was found to be
a young female. Both birds were flying westward when shot. These are
the only cases I know of in which Leach’s Petrels have been found so
near land. One of the skins is now in my possession ; the other is in the
collection of Mr. Arthur 'Helme of Millers Place, L. I. — Robert C.
Murphy, Mt. Sinai , Long Island, N. Y.

Attk, XXII, A r., 1905, p -.zo'T'U'’-

5 . Thallassidroma leachii Bonap. Leach’s Petrel. —This Petrel
breeds in large numbers on several of the outer islands of Casco Bay,
southeast of Portland. Although I have often been told by fishermen
and sportsmen of the existence of colonies of these birds on certain of our
islands, I never was able to verify their reports until the middle of last
August, [when I made three visits to two barren rocks known as the
“ Green Islands,” once in company with Mr. E. N. Atwood of Cape Eliza¬
beth. I found about forty nests, half of which at this late date were
empty, the remainder containing squabs in different stages of develop¬
ment.— Nathan Clifford Brown, Portland, Me., November 12 , 1876 .

Buli.N.O.0, 2, Jan., 1877. p. ^ S'.

Cymochorea leucorrhoa. Leach’s Petrel. During a visit to the
coast last June >n search of ornithological and oological specimens I went
o a well-known breedmg ground of Leach’s Petrel. We found the birds
breeding by hundreds and out of some fifty burrows that we dug out all
but two or three contained a single bird sitting on its egg. One burrow
contained two birds but no egg. When taken from the holes the birds
showed no disposition to fly but on being released.would scurry back into
their holes or under some log. They appeared to be completely dazzled
by the light, and if thrown into the air would fly in an aimless and dazed
way for a few moments, very much after the manner of a Night Hawk
when thrown from the limb of a tree.

In a letter written by Mr. Manly Hardy of Brewer, Me., to Mr. William
Brewster, and quoted by the latter gentleman in the Bulletin for iSSi
(Vol. VI, p. 125), Mr. Hardy says “the males do most if not all the incu¬
bating,” but he further says that of twelve specimens taken from the nest
and sent him June 15, 188 o, five proved to be females. Having this com¬
munication in mind, my friend (Mr. N. A. Eddy) and myself thought to
investigate a little, and to this end took twelve birds from their nests.
None of the forty-three found on their nests showed bare spots on the
breast as described by Mr. Hardy, though our visit was on June 23, or
about a week later than when Mr. Hardy’s birds were secured the year
before, so our selections were entirely at random. Of the twelve birds
eight were females and four males. One female and one male of those
counted were from the burrow spoken of as without an egg, leaving to
those taken from their eggs, seven females and three males. I have had
others taken from the nest and sent me, and have found that the number
of males and females was about equal. This would seem to indicate,—
by Mr. Hardy’s testimony above quoted,—that both male and female share
about equally the task of incubation and not that the male alone does most
if not all of it.

Bull. N.o.C. 0, Oct, 1881, p. S.d'V

•LOGIST.

91

Pumpkin Rock and its Summer
Residents.

It was my good fortune to have the chance
of visiting a breeding place of the Wilson and
Arctic Ter n and L each ’s Petrel, during the
past summer, and it was July 9 , 1888 , that I,
in company with three friends, rowed a 16 -foot
dory three or four miles, from an island we
were camping on, to Pumpkin, as it is called
by the fishermen.

This island is the end of a chain that puts
out from the mainland about eight miles into
the ocean, and is a number of miles east of
the mouth of the Kennebec river on the coast
of Maine. The southern and outer end of the
island rises rather sharply to a height of at
least forty feet above sea level, and is a solid
mass of whitish quartz rock, sloping to the
north till it ends in low lying reefs that are
covered by the water at high tide. It is not
over two acres in extent, including sides.
Part of the northern slope is covered by a thin
turf, with here and there small clumps of the
low bushes commonly found on the seashore.

When we first landed, there were but few
birds to be seen, but we did not have to go far

before they commenced to rise until the air
was literally alive with the terns. They rise
up hundreds of feet and then dart down to
within a few inches of our heads, swinging
around here and there so thick and fast that
it is almost impossible to follow one with the
eye, and all the time keeping up such a chat¬
tering that one can hardly hear himself talk.
Their cry is beyond description on paper.

We found their nests in all places imaginable;
some on small hammocks with a matting of
grass for a nest, others on the bare rocks that
feel quite warm to the touch, and they were
also in slight depressions amongst the drift
stuff and sand, in a small cove where it had
been thrown up by the last full tides. There
were one, two, and three eggs in a nest, mostly
twos, and they were in all stages of incubation,
as we found on blowing a few sets. One young
one was found which was apparently not over
one day old. The identification of the eggs
could not be positive without some means of
trapping the bird on the nest which we did
not have.

We found the burrows of the Leach’s Petrel
without any difficulty; they were generally
near small clumps of bushes and twisted
around amongst the roots, often being three
or four feet long, though most of the time
only just under the sod. We dug out a num¬
ber, and in each case found the bird and one
egg at the end of the burrow where it was
hollowed out to a considerable extent. The
dirt in these nests was perfectly dry, and in
some cases there were a few feathers and
small fish bones such as would be left by a
sitting bird. The birds would bite some when
putting the hand in, which would be the only
demonstration they made, with the exception
that some of them would squirt from their
mouth a half tea-spoonful of oil which had a
very rank smell. After lotting them go they
immediately took off and did not appear again.

The fishermen say the males are never seen
near the breeding place. A few days after wo
had a chance to see where they kept them¬
selves. While sailing several miles out at sea,
we ran on to a very large flock of Petrels
sitting in the water, only getting up as we
came too near. They shifted along a little
way and then settled down again; there was
only a light breeze and we had a fine chance
to watch them. One thing in particular which
attracted our attention was seeing them rise
up and run on top of the water with closed
wings, often as far as five or six feet, some¬
thing I have never seen any account of. By

92

ORNITt

cutting up fish liver, we could toll them right
alongside of the boat, and we could have
caught them in our hands if they had only
kept still long enough. We also found on the
island quite a large colony of Bank Swallows,
which had burrowed under the sod right on
top of a ledge, their nest being on the rock
with not over three inches of turf over them.
The young had all left the nests in all that we
examined. I mention this as I think it an
unusual nesting site of this swallow. To end
up I want to enter a protest against the prac¬
tice of so-called city sportsmen who go on to
such islands as this one and shoot birds until
they are tired, break eggs for fun, and dig up
the Petrels and wring their necks. The Terns
they sometimes take, oftener just the wings,
leaving the bodies to rot; evidence of which I
saw. The fishermen claim they have driven
the Terns off one island, and that they are
only as one to ten to what they were ten years
ago on this island, since which time some of
the larger islands near by have become sum¬
mer resorts. Such as these are the ones that
are doing the most towards exterminating and
driving away our birds from their accustomed
breeding places; not, as is often made the hue
and cry of the daily newspapers, the hunters
and taxidermists. Elmer T. Judd.

Fairfield County, Conn.

Q.&O. XIV. June. ia£S9 p.91-92

Breeding of Leach’s Petrel on the Coast of Maine. — In the Jan¬
uary number of the Bulletin (Yol. II, 1877) Mr. N. C. Brown refers to
the Leach’s Petrel (Thalassulroma leucorrlicea, Linn.) “as found for the first
time breeding on the New England coast,” and mentions meeting with its
nests on the Green Islands in Casco Bay. That Mr. Brown was not the first
person to find it breeding even on the Green Islands would not he a fact
of sufficient moment to call for correction did not his statement suggest
the quite important error implied: that it is not known, and has not been
known, to breed elsewhere on the coast of Maine. That this Petrel breeds
along the greater part of the coast of Maine has been known as a fact for
many years. Whether Casco Bay is its most western point remains to be
ascertained.

In June, 1850, I made several weeks’ explorations in the neighbor¬
hood of Eastport, and found this bird breeding in all the Grand Menan
group—-which geographically, if not politically, are part of the Maine
coast on the island of Eastport itself, and on a small island between
Eastport and Machias. An account was published (Bost. Jour. Nat.
Hist., Vol. Y I, p. 297). On the following year, in company with Dr.
H. R. Storer, I continued these explorations, and ascertained that this
species breeds abundantly on every suitable island as far west as Mt.
Desert. Several years afterwards, in the summer of 1855, and again in
1856, in company with Dr. Dixon, of Damariscotta, we traced their breed¬
ing, in considerable numbers, as far west as Round Pond harbor, in Bris¬
tol, and in the Damariscove Islands, in the ocean, not far from the mouth
of the Kennebec. In 1873, on Peakes Island, I saw specimens of the eggs
and birds taken by Messrs. Franklin Benner and Spencer Baird Biddle in
Casco Bay the same summer. On the strength of these observations, made
by others as well as myself, in my Catalogue of the Birds of New Eng¬
land (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Yol. XVII, p. 450), I spoke of this
Petrel as a summer resident on the coast of Maine. I have by me, in
MS., the letters of both these gentlemen in regard to their observations.

I subjoin a brief extract from the notes of Mr. Benner : —

The first visit was made to Junk-of-Pork Island, about three miles
northeast of Peakes, in Casco Bay, on July 16, 1873. The island has an
area of half an acre at low w r ater, and in the centre is an almost perpen¬
dicular piece oi rock about forty feet in diameter and nearly twenty-five
feet high. A dozen or more burrows of this Petrel, each with their single
egg, were found in the earth that had accumulated on the top of this rock.
Ihe eggs were about half incubated. In two nests young were found only
a day or two old. One of the parent birds was found in each burrow, and
in one instance both.

“ On the 22d of the same month I visited White Bull Island, located
twelve miles farther to the eastward, and comprising a much larger extent
of surface than the first. Here were also found the nests of the Petrel
among many of the Terns. Young birds were found in many of them, and
some eggs.”

He speaks of having found them “ abundant,” and probably breeding in
several other “of the many barren islands in the neighborhood.”— T.°M.'
Brewer, Boston, Mass.

Bull. N.O.C. 2, July, 1877. p,

W.3/. 95C.ZO. '735-

JSfestmg- of Leach's Petrel.

By F. H. Carpenter.

Ibid -> p- 436ffot, & Stream,

Bryant’s "Additions to the Ornithology
of Guadalupe Island." by J. P. N.

3. Oceanodroma leucorrhoa , Leach’s Petrel.
Abundant. A large series obtained, and also
many eggs. Nest in hillside, and burrow ex¬
tending from one to three feet; at the end of
this, on a few pine needles, Mr. Bryant found
the single egg always laid by Petrels. Aver¬
age measurement of fifty eggs taken March 4th
and 5th is 35.7 x27 millimeters.

O.& O. XII. Apr. 1887 p. 52

*2-

J.U l u.

1103. Water Birds of Nova Scotia. By J. Matthew Jones. ..,

Aug. 13, pp. 43, 44; Aug. 27, p. 83; Sept. 10, p. 123. — An annotated list of
105 species. Includes several obvious malidentifications. The account
given of “Wilson’s Petrel” doubtless relates to Leach’s Petrel, to which
latter there is no reference. The list includes the ‘'Crested Grebe (P.
cristatu$y ’! . Pa.:, 83 9ts$s«su

Notes on Birds of Grand Ban „

R. L.Newoomb. - 1878,

(/S7fr) ■

seem to be flying about all night, as when on deck at night I have often ^ent

black shadow flit by close to me, and on moonlight nights they come up very

close, even picking bits of gurry off the rail. P y

Bull N.O.O. 4, April, 1870, p.128

1 cJUpp VP:' c ' s-\ ___

(g^a yyJ lAwi {PaaPL

CTCJL-0-+*.

a. / u^i.cP,

• — lAyut^ . xy’

(W. <27

'§Uhu**£l 4 _ JTu'LfiL'jr

(fl (/.O^-AS&i

Rye Beach, N.H.1871.
Rye Beach, N. H. 1872.

&<A.cL

Wilson’

7 Ztr&b

Auk, XII, July, 1895, p. 3II.

o4 ^ LJ 'OWvl^tvx7"' <

s Stormy Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus) has also been taken he

.5V.

/ J / pL6~M. (Jjf.'J

? Crtu^isilx^ /

Ml

Jt^.n

< 3 —

!. ^rW Zsfa^/ £-t_^*_ Zi<^Z /sX_

tfas^^odyL Z^fafafa c^lfa^Z^- ‘^-c_-c-<--*^ : c.

Ci^Z-vfaZZ <^«~ ll^faZZfa^ <a~Zt> -^ — c C

fr~/ ZZfa, ‘im-cUC? tZJ „ , /^*- aZc^cZ. i^L-d-^

J^u< x jL^t*-~*L fa f'-<-Y fafac^ZZ' Z-i_j" 'S

Uj>~U~/ C^fatZ^-' A- ^Zlfa *?~l Z 7 , |^=S!t=?»0^fe^, < / ^^ v

IsO-TLsS Zufa fa^L^f ZZfa

~ffiZ~ /'LrC^cj-^Zjt^f i^i^o-Z-ZZx, - £-+^Z<-fa — 0-i^ /

Otr^ffa- <jZ e-^ zn U^Z^y, <^*^7.

Birds of Bristol County, Mass,
F. W. Andros.

Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl.), Wilson’s Petrel.
Resident, occasionally seen off the coast.

O &0. XII.Sept. 1887 p.138

Leach’s Petrel at Brockton Heights.

On October 16 th a boy brought me a Leach’s
Petrel which he said a gentleman had shot
while resting on an apple tree (the gentleman
of course). This is the first time I ever heard
of a Petrel being twenty miles inland, in
Massachusetts at least.

He was probably driven in by the north¬
east storm which existed at the time. But I
have always supposed that a Petrel could with¬
stand the fury of the wildest tempest and this
was only an ordinary storm. Still the fact re¬
mains that this one was twenty miles from
the nearest salt water and in an apparently
exhausted condition when captured. Let us
hear from others on the subject, and if it is a
common occurrence, I, at least, shall learn
something new. R. II. Carr.

[One was taken in Boston, on October 18 th,
in the Back Bay district, hung to the telegraph
wires. — li.]

O.&o. XTV.NcfV. 1889 pA02

Bird Notes from Long Island, N.Y.
William Dutcher.

2. Oceanites oceanicus. Wilson’s Petrel. —Of this species Mr. Giraud
says: “Are not uncommon off Sandy Hook, within sight of land, and
occasionally stragglers are seen coasting along the shores of Long
Island .”X Petrels are not uncommon off the Long Island coast during the
summer months, and that they are mostly of this species I am led to
believe from the present evidence. Gunners and baymen on the south
side tell me that they have seen Petrels off shore while bluefishing, but
that they rarely see them near the surf line, or on the bays, except after
very heavy blows. A letter written by Mr. W. L. Breese, § who owns and
resides on an extensive estate called Timber Point, near Islip, L. I.,
proves that they are sometimes found in Great South Bay. In a com¬
munication to Dr. A. K. Fisher, June 25, 1888, he says: “I saw a flock of
about twenty-five Petrels in the bay, this week, the only ones I have ever
seen down here. I do not know what they were doing here so late in the
season and so far up the bay.”|| July 20, 1888, Mr. N. T. Lawrence,

B. H. Dutcher, and the writer sailed through Rockaway Inlet in a bluefish
smack, for the purpose of ascertaining what Petrels, if any, were to be
found off Rockaway Beach and Coney Island. We went out on the last
of a strong ebb tide and with a very light breeze, that hardly filled our
gapping sail. When about a mile off shore we saw a single Petrel, which
passed us out of gunshot, flying parallel with the shore. In a short time
this or another individual passed us going in an opposite direction. Until
we were nearly two miles off shore we saw single individuals at short
intervals, always just skimming the tops of the long ground-swells, appar¬
ently in search of food. When about two and one half miles off shore,
we changed our course and sailed parallel with the beach ; almost imper¬
ceptibly the Petrels became more numerous. We would see a pair flying
in company, or a small flock of six or eight scattered in an irregular but
following manner. Sometimes one or two would rest for a moment on
the water, floating buoyantly, like a tossing cork. Where the ebbing tide
made slick, greasy looking streaks on the water, and also in eddies where
drift and floatage gathered, these birds seemed most fond of congregating,
evidently for the particles of food they there found. We remained on the
ocean about three hours, when the gathering wind and clouds warned us
to return to the more quiet waters of the bay. While the wind was light
the Petrels were quite shv and would rarely come within gunshot, but as
the breeze became stronger and the water rougher, they seemed to lose
their fear of our boat and we could sail within gunshot without difficulty.

Six specimens were secured, all proving to be of this species. Many more
could have been shot, but unfortunately we were without a landing-net
and so could not recover them. While returning to the beach we saw
them in gradually lessening numbers, the last one being just inside the
mouth of the inlet. While feeding, their movements were extremely
graceful. On finding floating matter they would hover over it, dropping
their feet to the water and apparently patting it, and, with partially ex¬
tended wings, bend their necks so that their bills would point downwards
at a right angle to the body. During the early part of August, Petrels
were common at the entrance to Long Island Sound, as per report of
Basil Hicks Dutcher ;* the only one he secured was of this species. That
they sometimes wander westward through the Sound is established by the
recoid made by Robert B. Lawrence, of one taken near Sands Point,
Queens Co., August 7, 1881.t

JIbid., p. 371. — J , -ft- 3 OM*-

^Deceased since this was written. See Auk, Vol. VI,p.8i.

|| About eight miles northeast from Fire Island Inlet and near the main land.

*See ante a , p. 128.

\ Forest and Stream, Vol. XXVII, p. 428.

Aok, fL Aptii, 1880. p .139.'/33

Wilson’s Petrel in Western New York.— In my report to Dr. A. K.
Fisher of the birds that occur in this vicinity, I mentioned among the
Accidental Visitants a ‘ Stormy Petrel,’ and gave him the particulars of
its capture. He asked me to report it to ‘ The Auk’. The specimen is
in my collection, and was taken by Mr. J. A. Newton of this city in Oct.,
1875, while shooting Golden Plover in a field just outside the city limits.
On examining it I find it is a Wilson’s Petrel (Oceanites oceanica) instead
of Stormy Petrel as reported. It was presented to the Jewett Scientific
Society and lately came into my possession.—J. L. Davison, Lock-
fort, N. r. Auk, I, July, 1884. p. 2

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Colyrabus holboellii.

Boston
1879.
Jan.24

Harbor, Mass.

On our return (from a day's shooting in the harbor on a
little tug by invitation of Mr. Andrew 7/ard) we shot and se¬
cured an immature p.g. holboellii . a tame, stupid bird that al¬
lowed us to run the tug within thirty yards before taking to

diving.

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Concord, Mass.

\>V-0

1399. As I was paddling out into Great Meadow at about 5 P.M.

April 14. I saw what I took to be a large Duck floating on the water

near the head of Beaver Darn rapid. On getting nearer I made
it out to be a Red-necked Grebe the first I have ever found
here. It was preening its feathers and paid no attention to
me until I was within about SO yards, when it stretched up
its long, slender neck and a moment later took wing, rising
heavily like a Loon. It circled low over the meadows flying
very swiftly with its neck extended in front and its legs
behind looking exceedingly like a Red-throated Diver. Before

it left the water I saw distinctly that its neck was light or
faded chesfenut, its throat ashy, its crown dark brown. It
finally realighted farther up the meadows but when I reached
the place it had disappeared.

Birds within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Can, Comeatt & Merriam

/

141. Podicipes griseigena holboelli. Red-necked Grebe. — Rare;
one shot in September.

Ball N. 0 . 0, 7, Oct, 1882, p. 241

Capture of a Red-n f.okf. d Greb e, (Podiceps
holbolli ,,) in Western Ontario— On the 11th of
February, 1885, on bank of river Thames, two
miles north of Plover Mills, county of Middlesex,
Ontario, an individual of the above species was
captured under the following circumstances. Mr.
Hartwick, a farmer, noticed near his house the
bird in question, sitting on a snow bank, and com¬
pletely enveloped in ice. Although alive, its
wings were so firmly fastened by the frost that it
was compelled to submit to be taken by hand.
Carried to the house, it was placed in water,
when it at once revived, dipping, diving and
preening its feathers in the liveliest manner. It
refused, however, to eat any of the food placed
before it, with the exception of some fir leaves
(abies) of which it partook sparingly. Placed out¬
side the house and allowed full liberty, it refused
to leave, walking deliberately, nonchalently and
in the characteristically erect position back to the
place which had proved such a pleasant retreat
from the wintry storm. At the end of its third
day in captivity the poor Grebe died, after which
event it came into the possession of my friend,
Mr. S. R. Reynolds, who has had it mounted and
placed in his collection. It should be stated that
on the day previous a flock, estimated to comprise
ten or a dozen birds of presumably the same ■
species, was observed flying low in the vicinity.
They appeared much confused, dispersing and
gathering together alternately, and uttering cries
of distress. The weather was extremely cold.—
Pobt. Elliot, o.&o. X, June.1885. p.

\<M

L-, i&u. C- 2, -

Holbgell’s Grebe (Colymhus holboelli ).— Oct. 16 a local
gunner took a male on the Ottawa River of this rather rare species.
What interested me was its stomach contents, which consisted of
a bunch of feathers. As it is not known to feed on anything having
feathers, it is somewhat surprizing. I looked up the matter in
books at my command, but found little in explanation. Warren
in his ‘Birds of Pennsylvania’ states that he found feathers in the
stomachs of two of these grebes. In the ancient ‘Knight’s Pictorial
Museum of Animated Nature,’I found it stated that this grebe
plucks out some of its own feathers either purposely to “aid in
digestion” or inadvertently while preening. I cleaned the feathers
therefore, and on close inspection and comparison it is seen that
they undoubtedly are some of its own feathers. But why these
birds should swallow so many of their feathers while preening,
whereas none are found in the gizzards of other birds that preen
just as much, would, I think, be hard to say. Or do they really
eat them purposely to ‘ aid digestion ’ ?

Holbcell’s Grebe at Niagara Falls.— While on a trip to Niagara Falls
this past fall (Sept. 20, 1903) in company with Mr. Frederick C. Hubei, 1
picked up a fine specimen (ad. $) of Holbcell’s Grebe (Colymbus holbcellii)
on the Canadian side just opposite the American Falls. Upon question¬
ing the proprietor of a curio shop, a few feet from the spot, he informed
me that he shot the bird early that same morning swimming out in the
rapids. Personal examination proved that the grebe had been dead only
a few hours.— Alexander W. Blain, Jr., Detroit , Mich.

VA-

hy Ms,& Mi.

ivO,.

Colymbus holboellii. HolbceWs Grebe.- 1904 Feb IS ,eve

taken alive on the snow — unable to flv loin r i , Seven

1912 Feb 19 i r uuaole t0 1910, Jan. 1, one taken alive

’ 1 eb ' 12 ’ ° De taken allve - 1913, Mar. 14, one taken alive.

AOJs. ■ : 'iy 19 *», n 3 6

^ Great id.. Mass. Dec. 1888.

Auk, XIV, July, 1897, p.327.

i (\\t «. >3 v i iy u «ju.

7 -

- l

1 W ^ O i .

Colymbus holboelii. —-A fine adult female of this species in perfect
plumage, was brought me by a boy who said he shot it in a pond entiiely
surrounded by a medium growth of hardwood trees located at the westerly
part of the town. It was accompanied by a second, possibly the male,
which remained near by for some time, but he was unable to get a shot at
it. Two young birds of this species in fall plumage were shot on the
Sudbury River this last fall. /7 .-D 7-1

(j, ^ CJ

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&

——t A- -

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Holboell’s Grebe in Lancaster, Mass. — A live Holbcell’s Grebe ( Colym-
bus kolbcellii), a young male, was found in Lancaster, Mass., February 15,
1904, by one of the local sportsmen and given to me. It did not seem
injured in the least, and lived in confinement for nine days. It was found
in a marshy meadow near the main street, near several houses. — John E.
Thayer, Lancaster, Mass. , 19 , . 3 ^S.

Holboell’s Grebe in Concord, Mass —On December 15 , 1912 , Bate¬
man’s Pond froze over with black ice, but a thaw and rain resulted on the
17 th in covering the ice with nearly an inch of water. During the moon¬
light night that followed a Holbcell’s Grebe (Colymbus holboelli) attempted
to light in the pond and I believe settling on the ice and was unable again
to take wing. On the following morning, it having turned cold during the
night, the bird was found with its breast feathers frozen in the ice. The
wrists of its wings were badly lacerated by beating against the ice to free
itself, but in other respects the bird was uninjured. After much piteous
squawking, its feathers were cut from the ice and the bird liberated. Its
wings, however, were injured so badly that it was killed and is now pre¬
served in this Museum.— R. Heber Howe, Jr., Thoreau Museum, Concord,
Mass. Auk 30 , April, 1913 . p, U 7.

Correction. — On page 137 of my late “Review of the Birds of Con¬
necticut,” mention is made of the capture of half a dozen specimens of
Podiceps cristatus in Connecticut. My attention having been called, throug
the kindness of Dr. Brewer, to the improbability of its occurrence at all
within our limits, I immediately made inquiry ot my friend, John H.
gao-e, Esq., of Portland, Conn., concerning the identity of the specimens
in "question. He writes me that a thorough re-examination of the birds
proves them all to be more or less immature examples of P. griseigena,
var. holbolli. — C. Hart Merriam.

Bull. N.O.O. 3, Jan. ,1878. p, V7'

Holboell’s Grebe in Connecticut. — An unusual flight of Colymbus
holbodli was noticed here during the month of February, 1912 . A speci¬
men was picked up alive in a mowing lot, perhaps two miles from the
Connecticut river, on the 9 th, the ground at the time being covered with
snow and the thermometer near the zero point. Ihe bird could not,
apparently, arise from the ground. From the 12 th to the 15 th, inclusive,
nine of these grebes were captured alive on the ice in the Connecticut river.
Some of them in trying to escape simply moved along the ice in a rapid
manner using their feet for power, but making no attempt to fly. Two
of them, however, arose from the ice and flew at a height of from eight
inches to two feet for a short distance and then dropped down. Between
the dates referred to the river was entirely covered with ice, there being,
so far as could be seen, no open water ^iere the birds could obtain food. ■
Jno. H. Sage, Portland, Conn.

S'?

Birds of the Adirondack Region
C.H.Merriaxa.

in g the migrations —

174' Podiceps hr”—”• — • -

Ball, N, 0.0. Q.Oot, 1,881, p.235

Some Birds of Unusual Occurrence in Orleans County, N. Y. — During -
the past week the writer has accomplished a casual reading of a complete
file of ‘The Auk’, from Vol. I, No. i to date, and finds that during the
entire fifteen years of its publication it has contained only two items
which pertain to the ornithology of this county, and those were of but a
paragraph each. Our county has not, however, been so free from rare
avian visitors as this sparsity of record would seem to indicate. On the
contrary, there have been many occurrences well worthy of mention,
although it does seem that no one has taken the pains to have them prop¬
erly recorded. Permit me now to make mention of some of the most
interesting of these, as follows : —

Colymbus holboelli. Holboell’s Grebe. — A somewhat ancient
record, dating back to May i, 1873, on which day, Mr. David Bruce of
Brockport secured a specimen near Murray. This bird was somewhat
above the ordinary in size, measuring twenty-one inches in length.

Go

Podiceps eristatus, Latham. Chested Grebe. This has been
counted as a North American bird by Bonaparte (Syn. p. 417), by
Richardson (Faun. Bor. Am. II, p. 410), by Nuttall (Water Birds,
p. 250), by Audubon (Orn. Biog. Ill, 595, pi. 292), and others. It
is retained by Mr. Lawrence in the ninth volume of Pacific Railroad
Reports, and is even given by Dr. Coues in his “ Birds of the North¬
west,” without any expression of doubt as to its existence in North
America; indeed, he ventures the remark that he sees no differ¬
ence between American and European specimens. Nevertheless it
is now universally conceded that not a specimen is in existence of
American origin, and that there is no authentic record of the cap¬
ture of a single specimen in America. Every specimen that has been
referred to this species, where in existence, proved to be either
immature examples of P. griseigena , or to be foreign examples, and
by no one is this now more cheerfully conceded than by Dr. Coues
himself.

It is very obvious now, in reading Mr. Audubon’s notes by the
light of our present knowledge of the habits of the American form
of the Red-necked Grebe, that all he wrote in reference to the sup¬
posed American P. eristatus relates exclusively to the former species,
of which he makes but a brief mention, and with which he appeared
to regard himself as unfamiliar, although it is so common about East-
port and the provinces where he spent the spring of 1833.

Bull N.O.O, 3, April, 1878, p, 6 ‘,2 •

Gu:.

Bull N.O.O. 1881, p.

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Concord, I,lass.

As I was crossing Holden's meadow this afternoon I came
April 15. upon a Horned Grebe, the first that I have ever found in Con¬
cord River. It had discovered rae and was swimming rapidly
out into the rough water of the tidal current out it aid not
seen to be very much alarmed and after I had worked the canoe
close in shore it began diving for food springing nearly clear'

i

of fehe water like a Merganser and remaining beneath the sur¬
face for periods varying from thirty to forty-two seconds.

*

!

It remained in nearly the same place, an eddy very near shore

but really in the river itself off the south end of Davis's

Hill. I watched it for fifteen or twenty minutes through my

nuptial

glass. It was in the very fullest and richest plumage. Its
head looked very large and fluffy - as large as a drake Whist¬
ler's - and the chestnut patch showed distinctly. The neck
was slender and gracefully held.

When I started towards it again it swam out into the

Colymbus auritus .

Concord, Mass.

1899.

April 15.
I

(No.2)

choppy sea and directly down stream keeping in the swiftest
part of the current and making a succession of remarkably long
dives. Although I paddled hard I did not succeed in overtak¬
ing it until it turned into the meadow and then I did not get
nearer at any time than about 100.yards for it doubled on me
continually and went almost as far under water at each dive
as a Loon. When it came to the surface it invariably showed
its whole body or at least as much of it as a Whistler or Old
Squaw would have shown under similar circumstances. But from
the moment I began chasing it the loose, ruff-like plumage of
the head was pressed down so tightly that the head looked
scarce thicker than the slender neck. I could not make it
fly and finally left it swimming and diving.

I

j

I

Birds of Magdalen islands.

Dr. L.B.Bishop.

i. Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe. —One seen in a small pond
at East Point on June 29 , and the fragments of an egg of some species of
Grebe were found on the beach near by. The people livingon the islands
call this bird the Water-witch. It undoubtedly breeds, but is not at all
common.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p. /yc

CtuA, XX///, M/.

2 Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe. Common resident in spring
and fall March 14 to April 23 (probably to May); and from middle of
September to end of November (October 27, 1896). Spring birds are
in full plumage, or nearly so, when they arrive.

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| dermists, have just received a living grebe,
| or diver, which was captured in Shrewsbury
| a few days since. This bird is unable to
walk upon land except with the aid of its
wings, and it is also unable to fiy unless
| starting from the water. Its capture alive is
a rare occurrence. It was probably sleeping
on the shore of some p¥>nd, when the water
j froze over during the night, and the bird, be-
| ing unable to walk far or to rise from tk©

| shore, was easily taken.

72 -

Holbcell’s Grebe (Colymbus holboelli) at Bedford, Mass. Feb. 15,
1913, Mr. William H. Simonds found a Holbcell’s Grebe on the ice of
Concord river. The bird was in good condition but apparently exhausted.
It was brought to the village and identified and on the next day, the 16th,
was carried back to the river bank and apparently there took care of itself
and was thought to have been seen a day later in open water.— Charles W.
Jenks, Bedford, Mass. Auk o,

7 1

Horned Grebe in Conn.

While in the fields, July 26, my spaniel
flushed a peculiar looking bird which I
easily captured alive and found to my sur¬
prise it was a male Horned Grebe, Dytes
auritus.

I kept it in a tank of water and fed it
flies and bugs, and for nine days it did
well and seemed to be very contented and
would dive with great dexterity. When ap¬
proached it would utter a pitiful cry. Upon
the tenth day it refused food and died.

It was very graceful in water, but when
out it could not walk ; but by the aid of its
wings could travel three or four feet, then
would tumble. When found by the dog
it was in an open lot and nearly one-half a
mile from any water. I am unable to find
any one that has ever seen or heard of this
species being found in this vicinity before.
I now have it mounted and it makes a
valuable addition to my case of water

birds.— C'has. A. Thompson, Melrose. Ct.

O. & O . Ylij. JtP. 1883. P. J

671. Horned Grebe [Dytes auritus\ in Connecticut ]. By Chas. A.
^Thompson. Ibid., p. 3. Q.& Q,VoI,VI p

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i8s- DyteS auritus {Linn.) Ridg-way. Horned Grebe. — On Little
Tappers Luke (Hamilton Co.), Oct. 22, 1881, Dr. A. K. Fisher and I saw
about eight Horned Grebes and I killed one of them. While crossing
Raquette”Lake, the same day, Dr. Fisher shot another. At Big Moose
Lake (in Hamilton and Herkimer Counties) we saw this species every
day from Oct. 26 to Nov. 8, 1881. Nov. 5 I shot one out of a flock of
nine. They were all in the plain fall dress, so that the size alone
enabled us to distinguish young from old. In all the iris was of a bright
orange red. They are excellent divers and can remain under water an
astonishingly long period. — C. Hart Merriam,M.D., Locust Grove , N. 1

Horned Grebe Rising from the Ground. — The possibility of any
grebe rising from a hard, level surface seems so generally doubted, that the
following account (taken from my field notebook) of an actual instance
appears to me worthy of permanent record. Of course it does not prove
that any other species of the family can do so. Even Iiolboell’s Grebe, of
the same genus, may not have the ability, as Mr. F. Seymour Hersey tells
me that it is much more loth to rise from the water than its smaller brother;
he has approached by boat many of each species, and while the Horned
Grebe has frequently flown away, Holboell’s has invariably dived. There
are also published stories of Holbcell’s and other species that were unable
to leave after coming down onto a frozen lake or on the land.

On October 28, 1917, at Long Beach, Nassau County, Long Island, N. Y.,
Mr. Walter Granger and I met a gunner who had just shot a Horned Grebe
{Colymbus auritus). A little further on we found another Horned Grebe
sitting on the beach, on the hard part but well away from the water, in a
horizontal, swimming position, not upright like an auk. On our approach
it raised itself, and when we were within a few feet uttered a little, whining,
protesting note, then scuttled rapidly away several yards, into the rather
brisk wind and away from the water. On our second approach it repeated
the performance, but kept on going, and rose from the hard beach into the
wind. Flying strongly and swiftly, though it seemed to wobble somewhat,
it made a circle to the right several hundred yards in diameter, turned and
again with the wind came down onto the hard sand on the inner side of
the bar. It landed on a long slant but so hard that it rolled over and over,
until it finally sat up and settled itself comfortably. It was still there
when we passed again about two and a half hours later.— Charles H.
Rogers, American Museum of Natural History, New York City.

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Eastern Massachusetts,

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Lexington, Mass.

"On the I3th of June I explored a shallow pond grown to button-

bushes, in Lexington. I had hardly got off from the shore when I

heard a new (to me) note among the bushes,--ouh--ouk ^ei^ - c:a2>- ny^-~ P.QJL 1

cow , cow (the cows with a falling inflection). It sounded like a
_ -

Florida Gallinule trying to sing like a Cuckoo. I could see noth**

ing of the birds, but the notes came from the bushes on all sides.
Thinking I might possibly find a nest I waded through the bushes
in water from hips to waist; but neither found nest.nor saw bird.

I then returned to boat and kept perfectly still when presently a
Pied-billed Grebe sailed out into the open with two newly-hatched
young at her heels. Soon a solitary male swam out and gave a di-
ving exhibition. I estimated the number seen or heard that morning
at 8 to 10. On the 20th my estimate was 12. What a pity I did
not "get on to" them earlier in the season, in time to find the
nest and eggs. From the character of the notes I anticipated see¬
ing Coots or Purple Galllnules rather than Grebes.

WalterFaxon (letter July I, 1091).

From the top of a knoll I had four Grebes in view at once, and

simultaneously heard two more calling in other parts of the meadow-
six at a lick. It is absolutely impossible to estimate the number
of Grebes in this body of water, as they move from place to place
with such celerity. I had begun to think from recent experience at
the meadow, that the number was much less than last year. But to¬
day I feel more cherrful about it. The best time to see and hear
them is when the water is perfectly calm. One day they will show
up—the next you would hardly know there was a Grebe in the swamp.

Walter Faxon (letter May II, 1893)•*- 7g -

! 1

£. Lexington.'

£ aatol4 ge, Mass

A4

I took lay first turn on the Great Meadow, East Lexington, In
a boat this morning, and found a Pied-billed Grebes nest within
15 minutes, it contained 5 eggs, which 1 delivered to Denton
this afternoon. The nest, which 1 shall get tomorrow morning, is
on the water, but attached to button-bushes, perfectly exposed. I

-i.st and the eggs in it several rods away. The Gallinule
story over again. i.Iy boat was leaking to the point of sinking,
so that 1 was unable to look around the meadow further.

Walter Faxon (letter April 27, 1392 ) v

£>, Lexington, Mass.

The Grebe.s nest now reposes before me in a milk-pan It is
11 4 ” 1U dia “ 0te r> S inches thick; depression for eggs, S inches
in diameter and 2 '/ % inches deep. The bottom of tho cavity was on
the level ox the water. The nest is composed of what;I take to be
yellow water-lily stems mixed with pond-weed and bunches of grass
etc. pulled up by the roots with the soil attached so that the
whole mass contains a good deal of mud, which gives to the nest
great solidity and weight. The whole structure was attached to a
few stems of button-bush. By sawing off these stems under the nest
I was able to lift up the whole thing, with the button-bush stems
lh place. The water in that place was 2> 6- deep. As the nest
lies on the water it has the appearance of an almost submerged

Husk-rat ’ s nest, or of a big pan-cake with a shallow cavity nr -w
in the middle with one*s fist.

Walter Faxon (letter April 29, 1892).

7 ?

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Podilymbus podiceps .

Concord, Mass,

1898, As I approached Beaver Dan Rapid I saw two Pied-billed

Oct,7, Grebes at the entrance to the lagoon on the right. * x a x * *

i

The two Grebes, meanwhile (I had been following a Fulica which
I saw a moment after I had seen the Grebes), had passed me
under water and gone to the head of the lagoon where I cor¬
nered them and had a fine view of them through the glass. They
kept diving and reappearing in nearly the same place evidently
hoping that the pickerel weed concealed them. At length they
swam out past me under water.

Nov,5. Take wing.

At noon two Grebes paid us a visit, doubtless the same

as those seen yesterday. They approached the cabin within 30
yards coming from across the river and swimming very fast with
heads and necks erect. Suddenly both took wing rising from
the water with slight difficulty. One led the other by twen¬
ty yards or more having started first. It alighted in the

\

middle of the river and, just as its companion was passing over %
it, at a height of six or eight feet, it dived making a great
splashing. As nearly as I could make out all this was done
in play for neither bird showed any signs of having seen us
although we were standing, at the time, in the open door of
the cabin.

l

Podilymbus podiceps.

Concord,

I

Mass.

1898.

|

A few minutes later (just after sunrise) a Carolina Grebe

Nov.26.

came swimming down river skirting the cabin shore closely, and

even entering the thicket of submerged bushes directly in front

of the open door at which I was standing. I stepped out,

clapped my hands and shouted, but the bird would not dive nor

did it appear to notice me in the least for it kept steadily

on its way chiefly within the belt of bushes through which it

pursued a devious course moving very rapidly. Once or twice

it stopped and preened its feathers or rose and flapped its

wings. Had I not had such a good view of it I should have

doubted its being a Grebe its behavior was so very peculiar.

It was a young bird without trace of black on the throat.

C

East Lexington, Mass. Nesting of Pied-oilr Grebe.

1899.

Took the 8.34 A.M. train to East Lexington where I met

May 6.

O.A.Lothrop and A.H.Hathaway by appointment. They had brought

their boat in a ’wagon and had launched it in the flooded mead¬
ow where we were to spend the forenoon looking for Grebes's

nests. Within fifteen minutes from.the time we left the shore

we found two, one with 7, the other with 8 eggs. Both were

in thickets of Sweet Gale, within thirty yards of the rail¬

road embankment, anchored securely among the stems of the

bushes but floating in clear water about two feet deep.
The set of seven was uncovered, that of eight almost com-

East Lexington, Mass.

1399.
May 6.
( 2 ).

Podilyinbus podicep s.

s

Nesting of Pied-bilT Greoe.
pletely hidden by a thin layer of moss and water plants which
the bird had evidently drawn over the eggs just before leaving
vhtim. Both nests were very neat and compact and very bouyant
also as I found by pressing them down with my hand. The eggs
lay in a saucer-shaped depression the bottom of which was on¬
ly slightly (less than an inch) above the surface of the water.
The entire nest was soaking wet and its materials fresh and
green save on the very top where there was a thin layer of
light brown material that gave it the appearance of floating
meadow "trash". Each nest was almost perfectly round and the
covered one was slightly dome-shaped but its top rose scarce
two inches above the water and it would not have attracted
the attention of any one who was unfamiliar with the Grebe's
peculiar manner of nesting. Indeed I did not see either nest
until it was pointed out to me although I was looking "with
all ray eyes". The Sweet Gale, already in half leaf, gave
some shelter, of course, out even had it been leafless the
character of the nests was such that they might have been
easily overlooked at a distance of a few yards.

Later we found a third nest with seven eggs, in a more
open place among scanty, leafless Button Bushes. This nest
was similar in every way to the other two. Very near it was
a partly finished nest which the boys considered a "bluff
nest". B r e saw many of these "bluff nests" elsewhere.

Podilymbus podiceps .

East Lexington, Mass. Nesting of Pied-billed Grebe.

1399. They were evidently the work of the Grebes but whether built
May G. to draw attention away from the real nest or merely struc-
(3), tures which had been abandoned because the sites proved for

some reason unsatisfactory I was unable to determine. The
eggs in this last nest were fresh for they sank when placed
in the ’water, but the set of eight which I took were incubated
to judge by the way they behaved when subjected to the test
just mentioned.

he did not catch sight of a single Grebe the whole forenoon
but they were very noisy at times. Almost invariably after
we had left a nest the birds set up a loud eatery near it in
tones, as it seemed to me, of triumph over our supposed in¬
ability to discover it.

%

iffetts ®f Upper St, tjohn,
BatfiEelder.

105. PodilymbuB podiceps { Linn .) Lmvr . Pied-billed Grebe.
Rare, breeds, Houlton.

BuliN.O.O, 7, July, 1882. p. 162

Birds within Ten Miles of Point
de Monts, Can, Comeau& Morriai;

142. Podilymbus podicipes. Dab-chick ; Hell Diver. — Not
rare; killed both spring and fall.

Baa N. O. O. 7, Got, 1882, p. 241

Summer Birds of Sudbury, Ont.

^V.H.Aiberger.

| 0. Pied-billed Grebe. Tolerably common.

Shot a well developed young $ on August 5th.

O] :^©7 IV, 1880, P»87

CoJk., !?ȣ,/(.W,

3. Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grebe. — Common resident
in spring and fall, April 4 to end of May; September 7 to December 15.
Mr. C. W. Nash took a male June 28, 1898; and it has been reported as
breeding.

437

voi. xxnn
1906 J

Fleming, Birds of Toronto, Ontario.

BIRDS OF TORONTO, ONTARIO.

BY JAMES H. FLEMING.

Part I, Water Birds.

Toronto, the capital city of Ontario, is situated on the north
shore of Lake Ontario, about forty miles east of the western end of
the lake, in Lat. 43° 39' 35" N., Long. 79° 23' 39" W. The lake is
at this point about 240 feet (Harbor Commissioner’s gauge, zero,
244.8) above sea level.

The topography of the city and the country surrounding it is
peculiar and a review will aid in understanding the ornithological
conditions. The city for a greater part of its width is protected
from the lake by a sandbar and island, once continuous. The sand¬
bar runs west from near the eastern city limits for nearly three miles
till it is divided by the Eastern Channel, and sending a spur north
encloses what is known as Ashbridge’s Bay. This is really a marshy
lagoon of considerable size, and though filled in, in places, still affords
food and shelter for many species of birds. Into this bay originally
drained some eleven creeks, and at its western end the River Don,
which now is confined to an artificial channel and flows into Toronto
Bay somewhat further north than where the original outlet of Ash-
bridge’s Bay was. The narrow sandbar that divides this bay from
the lake is an important feature in the ornithological history of
Toronto. It has been divided by an artificial cut giving access to
the lake; the western portion is known as Fisherman’s Island, and
from here as well as the bay itself have come many unusual records.
The building up of this portion of the bar with houses has seri¬
ously affected the freedom of several species of waders, which no
longer call here on migrations.

From the Eastern Channel, Toronto Island runs in a westerly
direction for nearly three miles, till about two miles south of
the city, then turns north towards the city, giving the island a
more or less triangular shape, and ending in the Western Sandbar,
which is divided from the city by the Western Channel, the original
outlet of Toronto Bay, which is itself inclosed on the south and
west by the island, and on the east by Ashbridge’s Bay. The
island, originally covered with pine, has been invaded by sand, and

Birds of DeadSiver Region,Me, F.H.O.

101. Podilynibus podiceps , (Pied-bill Grebe).
Numbers were seen at the ponds and lakes of the
valleys. Too much time is wasted in pursuit of
these little divers to allow extended observation,
as they are common at any Duck shooting resort
in Massachusetts, but I am confident I saw the
Horned Grhbe, {Bytes auritus), at Flagstafl, but
cannot recor'eMt.

O.&O. XI. Dec. 1886. p. 17^

?3

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~. Podilymbus podiceps. Ratio of increase, say 2.

Bull, N.Q.Q, ©iApril, 1881 , P .127

Birds of Bristol Oouu by. Mass.

F.W. Andros.

Podilymbuspodiceps (Linn.),Pied-billed Grebe.

Migrant, common during the fall.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p. 137

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Podilymbus podiceps. In this section of the country the Pied-billed
Grebe has been a rare breeder, usually locating its nest in remote places
away from the habitations of man. In the spring of this year, a pair
chose as their home a small pond in the suburbs of Springfield near a
number of houses, and at a place which was a rendezvous for boys, and
there nested and succeeded in raising two young.

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Bull. N. 0.0, 0 8 April, 1831, P.127

9 Vi-—

Birds of Bristol Couuty .Mass.
F.W. Andros.

Podilymbuspodiceps (Linn.),Pied-billed Grebe.
Migrant, common during the fall.

0,&0. XII. Sept. 1887'P.137

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Podilymbus podiceps. In this section of the country the Pied-billed
Grebe has been a rare breeder, usually locating its nest in remote places
away from the habitations of man. In the spring of this year, a pair
chose as their home a small pond in the suburbs of Springfield near a
number of houses, and at a place which was a rendezvous for boys, and
there nested and succeeded in raising two young.

j\^ ^-^aXT (Q— t V j -

AuA Oct., 1903, p. ‘dZ 0 !■

Birds of th© Adirondack Region.
C. H.Merriaxn.

175 . Fodilymbus podiceps {Linn.) Lawrence.
Common summer resident.

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669. Breeding Habits of the Carolina and American Eared Grebes .—

Podilymbus podiceps and Dytes nigricollis californicus. By B. F. Goss.

Ornithologist and Oologist , Vol. VIII, pp. 1, 2. Of & - Void V 2 Ii!»

62. Breeding of Podilymbus podiceps at St. Clair Flats , j)/z 7 :£. By
W. H. Collins. Ibid., V, p. 19, Sept. 1879.—Description of nest and

_eggs- QQlQgiSt

Th© Oologist. 1629. 77 / 6 ’ Thick-billed Grebe. By L[eslie] Dart. Ibid., No. iT,Nov.

1889, pp. 205-206. Auk, VI 1 . Jan. 1 BOO. p. V(p.

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669. Breeding Habits of tke Carolina and American Bared Grebes .—•
Podilymbus fodicefs and Dytes nigricollis californicus. By B. F. Goss.
Ornithologist and Oologist, Yol. VIII, pp. 1, 2. ©t& 0 > 7 ol«ViU

62. Breeding of Podilymbus fodicefs at St. Clair Flats , Mich. By
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eggs- _ OolOSiBi _

K 1

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ORNITHOLOGIST

_ A N D —

0 6 L 0 GIST.

$1.00 per

Joseph M. Wade,

Editor and Publisher.

Single Copy

Annum.

Established,

March, 1875 .

10 Cents.

VOL. VIII.

BOSTON,

JANUARY, 1883.

No. 1.

Breeding Habits of the Carolina and
American Eared Grebes.

Podilymbus podiceps and Bytes nigricollis Californicus.

For several years I have given some at¬
tention to the Grebes, and am satisfied
that the eggs of the smaller species are
often confounded. Have carefully exam¬
ined more than a hundred nests of the
Carolina, and a large number of the Eared,
but kuow nothing of the Horned, having
never seen a nest, and offer these notes
for publication hoping they will draw out
some further information, and that some
competent person will give us in the O.
and O. a full description of the nest of the
Horned Grebe. The eggs of all three are
very similar, but I think the nests, when
well understood, will afford a certain
means of identification. It certainly will
of the two species under consideration.
The Carolina breed plentifully in Wis.,
and at least as far west as middle Dakota.
I have only found the Eared breeding in
Dakota, but learn from good authority that
they are common in Minn., but have never
heard of their breeding east of the Mis¬
sissippi river. Do not think the Horned
Grebe breeds in any part of this region.
The most remarkable thing about the Car¬
olina is their shyness in the breeding sea¬
son. Weeks may be spent in their haunts
without seeing a single one, and they are
often quite common where their presence
is not suspected. Was among them in
Dakota five weeks ; found numerous nests
and do not remember to have seen a single
bird, except when caught in traps set on
nests. This applies only to the breeding

season; at other times they are tame
enough, and can be seen anywhere. It is
doubtless this feature, more than anything
else, that has confused collectors. On
many of the small lakes the Eared Grebes
are seen in pairs, or small flocks, and on
searching in the adjoining weeds and
rushes Grebe’s nests are found which it is
natural to suppose belong to the birds
seen, and to make the confusion worse, the
Eared is sometimes taken for the Horned,
and the eggs marked accordingly. So it
may happen that the eggs of the Carolina
Grebe are marked Eared, or Horned, as
the collector calls the birds seen.

I will try to describe the nest of each
species minutely enough to enable anybody
to identify them on sight. The Carolina,
or thick billed Grebe, breeds in lakes and
sloughs, among thick rushes, reeds or
grass where the water is two or three feet
deep. The old decaying rushes or reeds
are pulled together by the bird, and con¬
tinually piled upon each other till the fab¬
ric rises above the water. On this the
nest is built, made of moss and debris
brought up from the bottom. The struc¬
ture is large under water, often as large as
a bushel basket. It generally floats, but
sometimes reaches the bottom. Above
water the nest is small, just large enough
to hold the eggs, and is almost always wet.
The eggs, six to nine in number, are clear,
bluish-white at first, but soon become
stained by contact with the wet nest.
They are always covered in the absence of
the bird. It is surprising how quick and
effectually they will do this and get away
without being seen. The nest when filled

The Thick-billed Grebes (Podilymbus podiceps) Breeding in Kansas. —
B. L. Bennett and V. L. Kellogg of Emporia, Kans., both report finding,
May 26, 1885, in a pond or slough near the city, quite a number of the
nests of this bird containing from five to ten eggs each.— N. S. Goss,
Topeka , Kans.

Auk, 2, Oct., 1886. p. 3

2

ORNITHOLOGIST

[Vol. 8-No. 1

with eggs nicely covered, resembles a float¬
ing bunch of half decayed moss, showing
above the water about the size of an in¬
verted soup-plate, and would be rarely no¬
ticed by a person unacquainted with it.
I found my first nest by accident, and
could hardly believe that little bunch of
wet stuff was a bird’s nest, but I secreted
myself and watched with a glass until the
bird returned, which I at once recognized
as a Carolina Grebe. After this I had no
trouble in finding more nests, and by set¬
ting traps upon them caught several birds
and fully identified the species. The nests
are all much alike, and entirely different
from any other with which I am acquaint¬
ed. They are always built in places pro¬
tected from high waves, or they would be
speedily overwhelmed.

The Eared Grebe breeds in communities.
The first colony that I found was in a
small lake in northern Dakota. The nests
were built on floating debris about fifteen
rods from shore, where the water was per¬
haps three feet deep. Old flag leaves,
rushes, reeds, etc., had been driven by the
wind into the point of a bay, forming a
mass two or three inches deep and several
square rods in extent. This mass was
firm enough to hold up the birds in most
places, but was full of holes where they
could dive through. There were at least
twenty-five nests, on an area of ten by
twenty feet. They were made of partly de¬
cayed moss and reeds brought up from the
bottom, were small, not more than a hand¬
ful of material to a nest. The eggs are
clear, blueish-wliite at first, but soon get
discolored by the wet nest. No nest in
this colony contained more than four eggs,
but in other places five have been found.
The birds generally cover all. The situa¬
tion of their nests was entirely open, the
shore was high and completely overlooked
them. I sat on the shore and with a glass
saw the birds building nests and setting
on their eggs. As we approached in a
boat they did not seem very shy; did not

begin to leave till we were quite near them.

Most of them covered their eggs more or
less before leaving. They mostly dove
directly from nest and came up near in a
flock. A few ran out and joined the flock
without diving - . Another small colony of
these birds built their nests on bunches of
broken down rushes. The nests were small
and just above the water. No person fa¬
miliar with the breeding habits of these
birds could mistake the nest of one for the
other. The Carolina nest singly, in thick
rushes, weeds or grass, sometimes a long
distance from open water, build the foun¬
dation of nest, which is large, always
cover their eggs with great care when leav¬
ing them, are very shy, never seen near their
nest, lay from six to nine eggs, begin lay¬
ing in Wisconsin by the 10th of May, in
Dakota about the 20th.

The Eared builds in communities, in
open situations near open water, make a
small nest, on some existing foundation,
cover eggs partly, or not at all, are not
particularly shy, are often seen near nest,
lay four or five eggs, do not begin laying
till June. I have carefully measured thirty
eggs of each variety. The Carolina aver¬
age : 1.69X1.17. The Eared 1.75x1.19.
Contrary to my expectations the Eared are

the largest.— B. F. Goss, PewauJcee, Wis. .

h _XX*b.¥Xll.J»n.l883.p,/-

Explanation.— The ground owls do dot
alwhws lay more eggS than those inhapfting
trees, Tor I have known - Wilsoms Short-
ear to laWive, the Bam Owl/seven, and
heard of Great Horned Owls with four.

The Barn Owl does not sfeim to lay more
in the ground binsrow? than in trees or
caves, but varies imch in number. I
think it is dependent on amount of food
and perhaps of room. I suspect the little
Burrowing OW1 of Polygamy in some
cases, or perhaps it is parasitispi.— J. G.

Cooper , M. D., Hayward, Cal.

[We thaiiK I)r. Cooper for his reply, for it is in\hat way
we can gepat facts. We have in our collection BurWwing
Owl 10, Barn Owl 8 and T, Short-eared Owl 8, Snowy Owl 6,

Gray Owl 4, Long-eared Owl 5, Hawk Owl 6, Mottled OwlH,
Greaynorned Owl 8 and Barred Owl 8. The remarks on
Bur/owing Owl will call for further careful observations—\

Et/]

The Thick-billed Grebes {Podilymbus podiceps') Breeding in Kansas. —
B. L. Bennett and V. L. Kellogg of Emporia, Kans., both report finding,
May 26, 1885, in a pond or slough near the city, cjuite a number of the
nests of this bird containing from five to ten eggs each.— N. S. Goss,
Topeka, Kans.

Auk., 2, Oct., 1886. p. 3

Nesting of the Pied-billed Grebe.

The doubts that existed in my mind in re¬
gard to whether Grebes sit on their eggs to in¬
cubate them are entirely eradicated. A good
opportunity has presented itself in both ; the
Eared Grebe (Colymbus nigricollis californicux)
and the Pied-billed Grebe ( Podilymbux podi-
ceps) and I took advantage of it to watch their
nidification.

A pair of Pied-billed Grebes built their
nest in the moss in a lake in full view of my
house, and near enough to distinctly see the
eggs of which six were laid. The old birds
sat on them persistently for about four
weeks, and only on three occasions during
that time did I see the nest vacated, and then
only for a few minutes, and this July has been
the hottest month I ever experienced here.
They have hatched out their brood and there
is now a pair that has a nest with four eggs
that have been sitting two weeks, and I have
not known the old bird to voluntarily leave the
nest yet. I have been out in a boat twice to
look at them, and as in the case of the
others the old bird gets the eggs pretty well
covered up by the time I get to them. The
eggs, as in the case of the others, were al¬
ways warm on the upper side and cool on the
under, although I once visited them before
the sun was up to make sure that that was not
the direct cause of their upper side being warm.

The eggs are placed about on a level
with the water, and when first laid are of a
pea green, but soon become brown through
contact with the decaying matter of which the
nest is generally composed.

I took a large series of sets of the Eared
Grebes about a month ago that all retained
their natural color owing to no decaying matter
being used in their nests but live grass. That
alone would upset the decomposing theory,
plenty of decaying material was at hand, but
they chose a variety of grass that grew on the
bottom of the lake in water six feet deep, and
this they deposited on this water moss, but a
gale of wind a few days after I had visited
them carried away all their nests and eggs.

1 shall attentively watch the new colony near
my residence and will inform the readers of
O. & O. later. Wm. O. Smith.

Loveland, Colorado.

O &Q. XIV,Se pt. 1889 p. 138-8

Nesting of the Pied-billed Grebe.

1 noticed that in the September O. & O.
Mr. Wm. G. Smith had an article on the nest¬
ing of the Pied-billed Greb e (Podilymbvs pod-
iceps) in which he gave it as his opinion that
this Grebe incubates its eggs by the warmth of
its own body rather than allowing them to
hatch by the heat being generated by the de¬
caying vegetation which usually composes the
nest.

We should all feel indebted to Mr. Smith
for this new in'ormation as it has hitherto
been supposed that the Grebe invariably relied I
on the decl‘»g vegetation to furnish the heat
necessary to Vatcli the eggs.

At Minneapolis, Minn., I had ample oppor¬
tunities to observe the nesting habits of this
bird, and in that locality, as far as my experi¬
ence went, I found that the birds never sat on
the eggs in the daytime. Whether or not
they do so in the night I am unable to say.

I have examined hundreds of their nests,
and in every case where the set was com¬
plete the eggs were covered with the vege¬
table matter. Incomplete sets of three, four
or live were generally found uncovered.
This is a good point for the decaying theory
it seems to me, as the birds did not want the
eggs to begin to incubate until the full com¬
plement had been deposited.

I have also noticed that the deeper the
eggs are imbedded in the refuse matter the
more incubated they are, a fresh set having
just a thin layer over them. I cannot ac¬
count for this unless the layer first put on
loses its heat after a time, and more is heaped
on, for if we dig into it we find that the
deeper we go the warmer it gets; and per¬
haps the Grebe realizes that it is best to be
certain that her already incubated eggs do not
become cold. But this is only theory and
will not be tolerated; facts are what are
wanted.

I have never seen a Grebe on her nest, al¬
though I ha-ve often come suddenly and noise¬
lessly upon it. At other times I have been on
the edge of swamps where the reeds were thin,
and I could see three or four nests at a time,
and although the birds were sometimes around
they were never on or very near them. I think
it will be safe to say that the Grebe does
not sit on her eggs in that locality, but re¬
lies on the decaying matter to hatch them.
Let us hear from others on the subject.

Geo. G. Cantwell.

Lake Mills, Wls.

O.&O. XV, Feb. 1880 p. /£

Nesting of the Grebes.

I read with interest Mr. Cantwell’s com¬
ments in a recent O. & O. relative to the nest¬
ing of the Pied-billed Grebe. I am glad the
subject has been taken up, as the discussion
may lead to the settlement of some disputed
points. That the Pied-billed Grebe sits on
the nest in this locality seems quite evident.
At least my observation will corroborate that
of Mr. Wm. G. Smith. The first nest discov¬
ered last summer contained seven eggs about
two thirds incubated. They were exposed;
quite probably the bird had left the nest with¬
out covering the eggs as my approach was
sudden. On August 3d Mr. Smith called my
attention to a Grebe sitting on a nest upon a
lake within a few yards of his house. He
claimed it was the Pied-billed Grebe, and I
had no reason to doubt the correctness of his
claim, as the bird was in full view, and could
easily have been identified with the excellent
field glass in his possession.

In the afternoon of the same day we visited
a large swamp to secure some sets of the
American Eared Grebe. At one end of the

swamp among some reeds we found at least
thirty nests. Nearly all contained three eggs
each, yet a few contained four eggs. They
were uncovered with but few exceptions, and in
the four sets which I took for my collection
incubation was quite well advanced. Upon
Mr. Smith’s suggestion I examined the eggs
and found the upper side to be the warmer,
which would hardly have been the case if they
had been heated through vegetable decompo¬
sition. The nests were made of flags and a
kind of swamp grass which grows abundantly in
the lakes in this vicinity. This grass is not of
a nature to easily decompose. 1 discovered no
j evidence of heat from that source. Further
observation may lead to a change in views but
from present light X must believe, hist, that
the Grebes sit upon their eggs for the purpose
of incubation, and second that their eggs are

rot incubated through the heat generated by
vegetable decomposition. Testimony from
careful observers in the approaching season
will dispel all uncertainty. Wm. Osborn.

Loveland, Colorado.

__ May. 1890 *» m

Nesting of the Thick-billed Grebe.

In the Feburary number of the O. & O.
there is an article on the nesting of the Thick¬
billed Grebe by George G. Cantwell that does
not agree exactly with my experience with
that bird. There have been several articles
advocating the theory that the eggs were
hat ched by the heat of the ne st.

I have on three different occasions seen
the Grebe on her nest, and once my friend
raised his paddle to kill a bird on her nest,
but I stopped him, and the bird seemed to
slide off the nest and under the water. It
scarcely made a ripple.

At another time I ran on a nest that was
just hatching, and the Grebe ran away in the
grass (the nest was on the edge of a large
bog) and made a groat fuss calling, etc.

The nests here are usually in the water,

;loosely made of moss, grass, roots and mud,
!and are about as large as a bushel basket, and
I completely saturated with water, which would
prevent generating heat sufficient to hatch the
eggs.

Cantwell says completed sets are covered.
I never have noticed any difference in the
J covering as nearly all are covered, but the eggs
can usually be seen through the covering. Ho
: also says he has stood on the edge of
the marsh and could sec three or four
nests.

In a day’s collecting in a boat 1 have taken
, ten nests and would probably travel five to
seven miles. I do not think 1 ever found two
nests nearer than twenty or thirty rods apart.

D. Hatch.

Oakfield, Wis.

0, St 0, 15. July,1890. p, m-

Nesting of the Pied-billed Grebe.

I have read with interest in the O. & O.,
from time to time, notes from collectors of
different localities on the nesting of the Pied-
| billed Grebe. I have made this bird a special
study for some time, and am always glad to j
see any notes of interest any collector mayj
bring out.

I During the past season (1890), I had a good;
opportunity to observe them during the
nesting season, and although I have often
cautiously approached to where I could obtain
a good view of the nest I have never yet been
able to see a bird sitting.

The first nest found this summer was May
8th, and it contained two fresh eggs. Later in
the day another nest was observed containing
one egg. The eggs of both nests were only
partially covered, and no old birds were in
sight.

Returning to the same locality on the 18th
of the month one nest was found to contain
five, the other four eggs. Incubation was
begun in both sets. This time the eggs were
completely covered and were warm when
taken from the nest.

Of fifteen nests examined this year six eggs
were the most found in any one nest, and that
only in one instance, the number being usually
five, but occasionally only four were found. I
have never yet found a complete set of eggs '
that was not entirely covered with decaying
vegetation and the eggs always warm.

1 have for some time been of the opinion
that the Grebe in this locality does not sit on
her eggs in the (laytime for the purpose of
incubating, I having never seen or heard tell
of one being seen so engaged.

And although further observations may
lead me to change my views, for the present I \
must believe that the Grebe does not sit on !
her eggs in the daytime for the purpose of j
incubating; but that the incubation is carried
on largely by heat generated from the decay¬
ing vegetation of which the nest is composed.

I should like to hear from others, on this
subject, who have observed them breeding, for
if 1 am not right 1 wish to know it.

F. G. Pearson.

- < - u, ^OfitUSOQ, p /tt'M-3.

Chippe-wa Bird IT; ines, Cooke.

126— —Thick-billed Grebe. Podilymbtis fiodicefis. Shin'-gi-bis, de¬
formed.

We may„.closle these notes by giving one of the Indian stories by which
they account for this name as applied to the Grebes.

Once on a time the Great Spirit looked down on all the beasts and birds
and saw that their lives were one dull round of monotonous toil. So he
told them to assemble at a certain place and he would teach them many
beautiful games. He built an immense wigwam, and at the appointed
time all were there except the Grebe. He made fun of the whole matter,
and said he knew tricks enough already. While the Great Spirit was
instructing the assemblage, the Grebe danced in derision before the door,
and finally, emboldened by the forbearance of his master, ran into the
room, and by dancing on the fire, put it out and filled the wigwam with
smoke. Then the patience of the Great Spirit could stand it no longer,
and giving the Grebe a kick, he exclaimed, “Deformed shalt thou go
through this world for the rest of thy days 1 ” The imperial foot struck
him just at the base of the tail. It knocked the body forward, but the
legs remained behind, and the Grebe has ever since had the legs set so
far back on the body that it cannot walk.

zly, 1884,p,24P S-yt

W. W. Gilman asks, June O. and O. “ the scientific name
of what is called the Iiell- diver round here. ” In this sec¬
tion that name is given to the Dabchick—Bodilymbuspodiceps
— Linn. Podiceps carolinensis — Lath. — Wm. Wood , East
Windsor Hill , Conn.

O.&O. IX. July. 1884. p.W-

Urinator imber .

North Truro, Mass.

1391. As we were strolling near Eel Pond in the late afternoon

May 31 . we heard in the distance hut evidently approaching rapidly,

a loud, continuous chug-chup;-chufi|a lmost exactly like the puff¬
ing of a steam-tug and presently a Loon came hurtling overhead
and was almost immediately lost to sight againg ir) the fog.

The sound was evidently made by his wings but I cannot remem¬
ber ever hearing anything like it from a Loon or indeed from
any bird before. It seemed to us fully as loud as the puffing
of a tug a few hundred yards off. The bird was in full breed¬

ing plumage.

-K\. Mm/^-

Seconnett Point,R.I.,

April 16-21, /If ft

More or less migrate every morning from sunrise till nine
o'clock a.m., the heaviest flight being on the 20th, when thirty
or forty birds were seen. - Sometimes two or three were in

sight at once, but ad - fc separate and independantly 1 of one
another. They usually flew rather high,-seventy-five to one hun¬
dred yards above the water_theirr legs stretched out behind un¬
der the tail, their necks carried aft fyill length, as straight as
ram-rod4, The wing-beats were regular and rapid and the flight
swift, although apparently slower than that of most of the Ducks. ■
^T^oy rarely or never turned out for a boat, but kept strai ght on^
T'eveft when fired at and wounded. They of ten ai ighted off the Point
and spent the day fishing in the neighboring waters. On the I8th
as we were sitting on the cliff on the south side of West Island,
a fine adult laaraa suddenly came to the surface below us and per¬
haps one hundred yards away, having a flounder fully eight inches
long by five inches wide in his hill. For five or six minutes, he
paddled about in plain view of us, working hard,apparently, to
reduce his priie to a sufficient degree of softness to be easily
swallowed. He would pinch the fish fiercely in his bill, then
droppiitand strike it a number of hard blows in quick succession,
arching his neck and darting out his bill nearly horizont lly, in¬
stead of striking downward. Twice the fish sunk, and he had to
dive after it. Finally he raised it in his bill and, stretching
his neck to its full length, his bill pointing straight upward, he
gave two or three vigorous gulp^ls and swallowed the fish.

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Birds -within Ten Miles of Poiiv
de Monts, Can, Comeau& Merria, •

139 . Colymbus torquatus. Loon. —Common. Breeds about the
fresh-water lakes of the interior. I saw many, and heard others, in the
Gulf, near Point de Monts, in July. Earliest seen April 12, 1882.

Bnii.N.O.0, 7,Octj 1882, P.241

An Ornitholog isdai' ^burner in Labrador

M. Abbott Frazar,

XJrinator imber, Loon. Rather rare. Said to
breed exclusively on fresh water lakes on the
mainland, but seen at intervals on salt water
where they come to feed.

O.&O. XII. Jan.1887.p, 2..

Breeding- Dates of Birds in Kings
County,N.S. WatsonL.Bishop,

Great Northern Diver (Colymbus torquatus ).
June 5. Nest, a depression in the sand, a few
feet from the water’s edge, without lining of
any kind. Eggs, two in number, measuring
3.62 x 2.44, and 3.60 x 2.43.

O.& O. XIII. Mar. 1888 p.45

Birds of Magdalen islands.
Dr. L.B. Bishop.

2 . Urinator imber. Loon. —One seen in the waters of the Gulf off
Grosse Isle on June 25. Probably breeds.

Auk, VI. April, 1889. p. 14S

Summer Birds of Sudbury, Out.
A. H.AJbsrger,

7. Common Loon. Common. Breeds. Set
j of fresh eggs taken July 6th.

- 0 3 %O 0 TBm; P'87

Allen, Summer Birds Bras d Dr L.egk.n

Urinator imber. —One seen on Bras d Or Lake.

Auk, 8* April, 189L p 4 105

SOME WINTER BIRDS OF NOVA SCOTIA.

BY C. H. MORRELL.

Auk, CVI, JuW, b zs-e-3.

I was in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, from the first of

December, 1897 , until the fourth of April, 1898 , and though
collecting was not the object of my visit, careful observations
were made and notes taken of the birds seen during that time.
The variety of species to be found there at that period is not
extensive. December, the first week in January, the last week
in February and the month of March was spent on the shore of
Chignecto Bay, principally at Shulee, though some time was spent
at Joggins, River Hebert and Amherst. During the greater part
of January and February I was at Parrsboro on the Basin of
Minas. There was little snow in December, the ground being
bare most of the time, and no very cold weather. The principal
snowfall was in January and February, and the coldest- weather
was during those months. Several severe storms occurred.
March was exceptionally fair and pleasant. The sun shown
warm from almost cloudless skies and under its influence the
snow melted rapidly, the migrants began to arrive, and the
winter birds were soon in full song.

The growth from Joggins to Shulee is mainly spruce, though
some hard wood grows on the higher ridges. The shore is lined
with rugged cliffs which are wooded to the edge in most places.
Spruce also prevails about Parrsboro -though there the woods
have been cut away and there is more open country. Amherst
is in the midst of rich farming land and is surrounded by broad
fields and marshes.

In addition to those mentioned, several species of Gulls and
Ducks were seen but as no specimens were taken they could not
be positively identified. A list of the species seen is appended.

1. Gavia imber. Loon. — One seen in the bay near Joggins, Dec. 7 . p

Newfoundland Notes.—The following list of birds was observed on a
trip up tlie Humber River in Newfoundland, which lasted from August
xo to September 24, 1899. The list is not intended as in any way a com¬
plete one of the birds to be seen at that time on the island, but merely of
those which I happened to observe in the course of a fishing and hunt¬
ing trip, and as such it is offered for what it may be worth.

1. Gavia imber. Loon.- —Abundant.

Louis H, Porter, New York; City.
Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, p. 7 / -

Birds of Toronto, Ontario,
by James H.Fleming.

Pt.I, Water Birds.

Auk, XXIII, Oet., 1906, p.44I.

4. Gavia imber. Loon — Regular migrant, April 16 to May 31
(abundant May 22, 1894); earliest fall record, September 7, 1895; a bird
taken October 19, 1904, is young, and one taken November 4, 1899, is an
adult in winter plumage. Loons probably remain on the lake till the end
of November.

BIRDS OF THE NORTHEASTERN COAST OF
LABRADOR.

Brown-Harvard Expedition of 1900, under the Leadership
of Professor Delabarre.

BY HENRY B. BIGELOW.

The observations noted in the following list were made on the
Brown-Harvard Labrador expedition of 1900 . The area em¬
braced was that portion of the eastern coast from Belle Isle, Lat.
51 0 53 ', to Nachvak Fiord, Lat. 59 0 . The birds noted are strictly
those of the immediate coast region, for we did not penetrate
much farther into the interior than the heads of the bays.

The coast fauna combines both arctic and sub-arctic forms,
comprising such arctic species as the polar bear, arctic wolf, white
fox, Hudson Bay lemming, barren ground caribou, and at the
same localities the black bear and the red fox. Among the birds
the same combination can be noted. It will be seen at once that
the list does not contain many species given by Turner as occur¬
ring at Ungava. This is explained by the fact that the eastern
coast is absolutely cut off from the interior by the range of moun¬
tains which follows the shore. This range, which attains an ex¬
treme height of perhaps six or seven thousand feet, rises abruptly
from the water’s edge, so that the coast region proper is restricted
to a narrow strip, merging at once into the barren hillsides and
bowlder slopes of the uplands. This ridge is an insurmountable
barrier to the wanderings of most of the small birds. The hilltops
were inhabited only by a few Titlarks, Snow Buntings, Longspurs,
and Rough-legged Hawks.

The vegetation of the coast region, especially of the islands, is
very scanty. The timber line, for the immediate seacoast, is near
Hamilton Inlet. About the heads of the bays we found timber as
far north as Nain, beyond which the trees' dwindled to scrub
spruces, and dwarf willows and birches along the lower water
courses. Most of the barren country is covered with caribou
moss, with blueberries and Labrador tea growing profusely in the
boggy places.

The climate is cold, the mean temperature for the year being
about 29 0 Fahrenheit. During the summer it ranged from 29 0 to
about 55 0 . Twice we got temperature of 70 °, but this was only
in very sheltered spots, and for an hour or two at a time.

Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, p p ZV.Zt"

1 . Urinator imber. Loon. — Fairly common along the coast, particu¬
larly in the deeper fiords and on the larger lakes. Breeding locally. The
skins from the necks of adult loons are much used by the Eskimo for
ornamental work.

PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE SUMMER BIRDS OF THE
COBALT MINING REGION, NIPISSING
DISTRICT, ONTARIO.

BY FREDERICK C. HUBEL.

The following annotated list of birds is based on observations
made within a radius of ten miles of what is now known as the
town of Cobalt, Nipissing District, Ontario, by Mr. J. Wilbur
Kay and myself between July 15 and August 18, 1905. Cobalt,
situated on Cobalt Lake, is about 100 miles from North Bay
junction on the transcontinental line of the Canadian Pacific, and
330 miles almost north of the City of Poronto. When we entered
this region, Cobalt was merely a small mining camp consisting of
about two dozen huts, a few stores and a station. It has since
grown to be a mining town of considerable size, owing to the large
deposits of silver for which this region is now famed.

About three miles south of the town is the Montreal River.
There are numerous lakes in this region. Lake Temiskaming,
by far the largest, lies but a few miles to the east, and although
this lake has been a well traversed route to the north by white
men for the past two hundred years or more, very little ornitho¬
logical data has come to light from this region.

This country is a rocky wilderness, much of the field being
covered with drift deposits and the exposures of compact rock are
frequently clothed with moss. Here and there hills with steep
faces rise to a height of a hundred feet or more. Although lumber¬
ing operations have been conducted over almost all of this area,
very few clearings exist, as the surface is unfit for agriculture.
Here and there forest fires have left their ghastly trails behind.

Among the principal forest growths are Norway, white and
jack pine, tamarack, cedar, balsam, and other hardy timber.
The second growth is usually birch and poplar, principally the
former. The small shrubs are of various species. Although the
shores are generally rocky and wooded to the water’s edge, con¬
siderable marsh land is to be found which affords suitable breeding
grounds for water-fowl. The largest of these is at the head of
Lake Temiskaming, which covers several hundred acres.

While the present list is in no sense complete, I have preferred
to exclude many species which in my mind were doubtful, especially
where specimens could not be procured.

1. Gavia imber. Loon. — Nearly every day one or more of these
birds were observed flying over the lakes. They undoubtedly breed.

Summer Birds Tim Pond Me. by F. H, 0.

Loon, (Oolymbus torquatus). Saw a couple on
the lake each year, their wailing cry making sad
music in that lonely wilderness. They were
quite tame and one—a young one—would admit
of being stroked by my hand. But at last a
sportsman, freshly arriving from Boston, deemed
it a fine thing to shoot it, and it fell a victim to
misplaced confidence. For two days and nights
the remaining one constantly uttered its mourn¬
ful cry, and a week later I found it lying dead on
the shore. My guide, Mart. Fuller, an intelligent
Yankee backwoodsman, stoutly asserts it died of
a broken heart, but I am suspicious of the afore¬
said cockney sportman.

O.&Q. XI. Feb. 1883. p. js:

Birds of Dead Elver Region, Me, F. H. O.

103. Colymbus torquatus, (Loon). Nearly every
lake in this country was occupied by one or more
of these birds. I received sufficient evidence, of
their breeding at Flagstaff Lake and Big Island
Lake, one of the Seven Ponds.

At the mention of this bird there comes a
memory of reposing on fragrant hemlock “ sapin ”
in the quaint companionship of my guide, and
with the weird midnight cry of the Loon it re¬
solves itself into an ideal; the shadows of the
Dead River region of Maine.

O.&O. XI.Dec. 1886.p. H'l-lYf.

SummerResidents on Sontlivyosf
Coast of Maine. T.H, Montgomery, Jr..

7. Loon. Saw one of this species near Seal
Harbor, Mt. Deseit. It seemed to be a young
bird.

Q«andO» 15 a Hov. 1890 . p.IQI

4~t,'/C Rye Beach, N.H. 1868.

yZy t^ZZZ, /rr - v ' Rye Beach, N.H.1866.

^ ^ ^ ^ Ry6 BeaCh ’ N - H ' 1873 ■

. Wolfeboro. N. H.Jtme. 17/1887. ' „

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List of Birds observed near Squam Lake , Holder ness, N. H., June 4-12,
j88j, and June 4-11, 1886. By Walter Faxon.

1 . Urinator imber. Loon. —Common.

Auk, V. April, 1888. p .149

Bir<|s Ob«. at Moulton boro, N. H.
oulyai-Aus. 11, 1883. P.H.Allen

Urinator imber.—Several seen; one young in down captured.

Auk.TI. Jaju, 18S9.P.78

Wolf ©boro, N.Ji. Jund. 18-188®, • __ ~ v/ •

tA^rrofr^Ji lrfr\ * (Te*r< XAHxysC^f tv. eX. lArtxfX .

//nv)

Birds of Bristol County, Mass.
F.W. Andros.

Urinator imber (Gunn.), Loon. Winter visi¬
tant, occasionally seen off the coast.

O.&O. XII. Sept. 1887 p.137

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Auk, V, Oct,, 1888, p.389

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BUREAU OF NATURAL HISTORY.

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ESTABLISHED 1876.

(Successors to Southwick & Critchley.)

Birds, Mammals, Heads, p'ish, Meanted.

F'UR RUGS, PANCY SHELLS & MINERALS.

All Naturalists’ Supplies. Raw Eurs nought and Sold.

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BUREAU OF NATURAL HISTORY.

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Birds, Mammals, Heads, & Fish, Mounted.

FUR RUGS, FANCY SHSISLS & MINERALS.

All Naturalists’ Supplies. £ RaiV Furs Bought and Sold.

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GENERAL NOTES.

Migration of Urinator imber.—Seconnet Point, Rhode Island, April 16,
1892. Clear weather, sea calm, wind light, northwest. I saw twenty to
twenty-five Loons today flying toward the east, on migration, at an
elevation of about sixty yards; there were five in one flock, and six in
another, the others scattering. April 17, I saw six flying east on migra¬
tion, with a light west wind. April 18, wind east to southeast, I saw only
two or three today flying east. April 19, I saw four flying east; they
were well up; wind light, northwest. April 20, no air moving, vane
pointed northwest, I saw six, four of which were in company, all flying
east; they were up about seventy-five yards. April 21, I saw two flying
east, about sixty yards up. I shot one, an adult in full plumage, weighing
eleven pounds; I have shot them larger and heavier.

Loons fly in large numbers all through May up to June first, when the
migration seems over for those going north, the height of abundance
being from the fifteenth of May to June first. A southwest wind is par¬
ticularly favorable for such northern migration. One of their principal
lines of flight is up Buzzard’s Bay, crossing the land (the narrowest
part) to Cape Cod Bay. While making this flight a great many are killed
between Tobey and Mashnee Islands. I have seen here years ago three
tiers of ten or a dozen boats each (and I am informed such is often the case
at the present time) stretched across the strait between the above islands.
Fifty to sixty Loons are killed sometimes, on a good southwest morning
(they fly again at about dark), and as many more wounded ones are shot
down which are not recovered. When the wind is from any other quarter
than southwest, they pass overhead very high up. — George II. Mackay,
Nantucket, Mass. Auk W,July, 1892 . p. 292 .

Great Northern Diver or Loon , ( Colymbustorquatus).
A line specimen was brought to me alive to be stuffed, It
was captured in a somewhat curious manner on Lake Wau-
ramaug, Litchfield Co., Conn. Some fishermen observing
him upon the lake, gave chase in a sail boat, and after some
time they succeeded in coming up with him and taking him
alive. He was brought to me from New Milford, a distance
of nine miles, in the back end of an open buggy, untram¬
meled in any way, makinguo effort to escape. When taken
from the wagon he gave utterance to two or three long,
mournful cries, as if singing his own requiem. I could not
discover that he was injured in any way, and am at a loss to
account for his passive condition. Geo. C. Jones, Brookfield
Center, Conn. Q, IX. JuH. 1884, P ,'Jtp.

Much romancing is in print about Loons on •,
fresh water ponds, and killing one is chron¬
icled as a great feat. The fine specimen on
my study table was shot with a pistol at
short range. They abound at salt water, and
: their eerie cry is very common in Fisher’s
Island Sound in .Tune. Flying over the duck
blinds they are easily “downed.” Half a
: dozen at a time are taken in the fish-traps with-
' in twenty feet of the shore off Groton Long
Point. The Loons drop into the traps after
| the imprisoned fish, but in taking flight can¬
not get rise enough to clear the walls of the
netting, f

(0. i 3. XVI. 7-6o.

S«me Birds of Lewis Co, N.Y,
C. Hart Merriam

/4. (Clot tf>, ^ (^*1^' f 'i . (* ^ 4/tX ~ ‘ ~

. Colymbus torquatus,

Bull. N.O.C. 3, April, 1878. p. 53

Birds of the Adirondack Region.
C. B.Merriam,

t 7 6. Colymbus torquatus, Brunnich. Loon.— A common, summer
resident.

Bull. N. O.Q. 0,Oot, 1381, p.235

Birds Tioga Co, N.Y. Alden Loring,
760. Great Northern Diver or Loon. Not
rare, occasionally seen during the 'spring and
fall; is an expert diver and swimmer.

I -0, SO„ XV, -S&Be. 1890. p.ef’

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Loon. Rare.

E. A. Sterling, Brooklyn, Pa.

Auk, XIX, July, 1902, p.299.

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The Great Northern Diver or Loon,
(Colymbus torquatus.) One of our well-
known writers on ornithology gives this
bird “ as known to breed occasionally
within the limits of New England,” “ but
more conspicuous inWinter than Summer.”
If this is the case, our section must be one
of those favored places; for with us it is a
common Summer bird and rarely seen in
Winter. It is known to breed regularly at
Bow Pond, Strafford, where numbers of
birds and nests are annually seen. I my¬
self possess an egg which was obtained
from there, measuring 3^-x2£, and of the
usual color.— IP. E. Jenkins , Northwood ,
N. II. o.&O. IX. Eeb. 188-1*.P-- 2 -<3

Loons at Poland, Me.

BY G. II. R., BOSTON.

The writer took advantage of an opportunity
that enabled him to spend tire collecting season of
'85 at Poland, Me., where lie arrived on the after¬
noon of June 22d.

The place, to liis thinking, promised much as a
field of ornithological research, (which promise
was afterwards abundantly verified,) being situa¬
ted in the midst of large woods and fields, witli
numerous lakes and ponds lying almost at the
door. Without much trouble, an able assistant,
whom we will call Ross, was found in the person
of an enthusiastic and experienced local sports¬
man who was thoroughly acquainted with the
surrounding country. Monday, June 29th, was
the day set for an excursion after Loons’ nests,
which, as ho was informed, were to be found in
the “Range Ponds,” one or more pairs regularly
nesting there every year. We started in the
morning, I with my little 32-calibre skeleton rifle
and Ross with his 22, with which I soon found
he could do remarkable work, and after twenty
minutes brisk rowing, emerged into the head of
the pond, but nothing in the shape of a Loon
could be seen or heard. We pulled up the right
hand side of the pond until we rounded a point,
disclosing what appeared to be the mouth of a
small stream, which terminated in a circular¬
shaped basin of water or swamp so thickly filled
with rank grass, dead trees and floating islands
that a boat could barely be forced through.

The stream and basin were surrounded by a

heavy growth of tall Pines and Birches, dead at
the water’s edge, making the whole place damp
and gloomy in the extreme. Just as we reached
the edge of the basin the loud cry of a Loon was
heard at the mouth of the stream, directly behind
us. Seeing us approach, she had slipped off her
nest, and diving, swam under us, came up away
in our rear. “ There she is,” said Ross, “and she
has a nest somewhere in this place close to the
water.” Standing up for a better view, the first
sight upon which the writer’s eyes rested, within
ten feet of the boat, was a mound-shaped hillock,
with a slight depression at the top, in which were
two large dark colored eggs, which were immedi¬
ately appropriated. The nest was built upon the
extreme edge of a floating island, of weeds, sods
and water grass, among which were to be seen
some dead sticks, evidently put there to give
solidity to the structure, and was nearly as large
around as a bushel basket and about eight inches
high. The eggs were beauties, averaging 3.76x
2.37, of a dark drab color and covered with
darker spots, thickest at the greater end. When
found, the under part of the eggs was wet, show¬
ing that the weight of the bird, when on, sunk
the nest partly under water.

While I was jotting down minutes in my note
book a second Loon was heard, and both birds
were seen at the mouth of the stream, trying to
attract our attention from the nest by loud cries
and flapping of wings. Ross set me ashore and
went back to the nest while I crept through the
underbush until I got within fifty yards of them.
Waiting until the female rose in the water, pre¬
senting a good mark, I fired. The report had not
died away before the head of the bird dropped
forward into the water and I knew I had bagged
her, as it is a peculiarity of those birds when shot
that only the head settles forward and the body
continues to float, like a Duck with its head
under water. Slipping another cartridge into
the barrel I waited for the other to rise. He was
down only a few seconds and came up a little
way off, but immediately swam to his mate.
Again getting a fair shot I fired, and although I
heard the thud of the bullet as it struck him, he
dove and came up nearly half a mile out into the
pond. Ross came up with the boat and we gave
chase, but it was only after half a day’s hard work
and a large expenditure of cartridges, that he was
finally brought to by a splendid shot by Ross.

O.&O. X.Nov.1885.1

jvjotes on Birds of Winchendon, Mass-
William Brewster.

Urinator imber.—One or more pairs of Loons breed regularly in every
pond of sufficient size near Winchendon. Mr. Albert Henry, of Gardner,
took a set of two eggs at Blue’s Reservoir in 1887 . At Wellington’s Reser¬
voir, a large sheet of water about five miles north of Winchendon, a
farmer living near the shore assured us that he saw several of the birds
daily through the entire summer. He thought that there were at least
three pairs in the pond in 1888 .

Auk, V, Oct,, 1888. p.300

Editor of 0. <fc 0. ;

It may be new to the readers of the O. & O.
to know that the Loon will breed in the same
nest after being disturbed; so here goes. It
was my good fortune to be up on the Grand
Manitoulin Island, Canada, trouting early in
July, this season (1890).

Sunday, July 6 tli, being a day of rest, our
guide who had taken two sets of Loon from
the same nest for me this season late in May
and June, said, “Boss, if you would like to
see a Loon’s nest we will take the old boat and
go over and see if she has laid any more.”
This, of course, was very welcome news, so off
we put to a mucky deposit of, say, twenty-five
acres in the rear of our guide’s home. At the
lower corner of the lake on a shoal forty feet
from shore was a pile of lily roots, etc , from
the bottom of the lake similar, “ only smaller,”
to a muskrat’s house. Mrs. Loon vacated it
by sliding off into the water and coming up at j
safe distance, where she set up a mournful 1
shriek for a few moments, later on taking
wing and going to the next lake for a “visit
with a neighbor,” as the guide styled it, say¬
ing “ every morning both pair visit each other.”

1 Judge my surprise at so late a day to see depos- |
ited on the flat pile of rank trash two fine
! showy eggs. My guide took for me, in 1889,
two sets of two from a nest within two rods of
same spot, and again, in 1888, two from almost
the same spot. Do not know if it is the same
pair of birds, but for the past three years one
pair of birds have located in this lake, building
their nest in nearly the same spot.

The last set of eggs varied greatly in size,
one being large as eggs in the May set, but the
other so small that you would not think them
a set if not positive as I am.

Georr/e E. Harris.

1R Oot ,13 9Q, I(dO-

It

r

GENERAL NOTES.

Auk, XIII, Jen. , 1890, Pp-77-7 »•

Do Young Loons eat Fresh-water Clams?—On July 5, 1895, while
paddling with my brother along the northern end of Lake Utopia, in the
Province of New Brunswick, we saw near our canoe a young water bird
which by its size and actions and especially by the cries of its parents near
by, was proven to be a young Loon, the Great Northern Diver (Urindtor
imber). Wishing to examine it more closely we chased, and in spite of
its game efforts to escape, caught it. When near by we noticed something
hanging to its bill which plainly much retarded its movements and which
proved to be a fresh-water clam or mussel of two inches in length.
Closer observation after the bird was carried ashore showed that nearly
all of its lower bill was gone and that its tongue was caught between the
tightly-closed valves of the still-living mollusk, and was the means of
attachment of the one to the other. I cut the tongue close to the shell
and leleased the bird which went splashing and diving away to rejoin its
parents, though without tongue or lower bill it could scarcely have
survived for long. I broke the clam-shell and inside found the missing
bill with the remainder of the tongue attached. The ragged end of the
bill made it seem 'plain that having been thrust into the gaping shell,
which promptly and firmly closed, it had been wrenched and torn off
by the efforts of the bird to free itself, but the tongue yielding elastically
to the stiains did not give way. The Loon was a very young one in
the downy stage with pin-feathers just appearing in the wings. The
mussel and bill I now have, preserved for the inspection of the curious.

Since then I have looked in many books for something about the
feeding habits of Loons but have found nothing. If it is a habit of theirs
to eat these mussels, my specimen simply began too early ; if not, either it
was too enterprising or too curious and tried to pick out the inmate from
its shell gaping open upon the bottom, or else while probing for some¬
thing else in the sand it accidentally pushed its lower bill into the
open shell, with the results above detailed. At all events the incident
may show something to those fitted to interpret it.— W. F. Ganong,
Northampton , Mass.

The Question of the Generic Name Gavia. — In the September, 1900,
number of the ‘ Ornithologische Monatsberichte ’ (Vol. VIII, page 135),
Dr. Anton Reichenow claims that the name Gavia Forster is a synonym
of Urinator Cuvier, basing his assumption on the use of the name Gavia
for a species of Gull by S. G. Gmelin in his ‘ Reise durch Russland ’ (Vol.

I, page 152)- _ _

An examination of Gmelin’s work shows that he used the name Larus

for the Gulls systematically throughout his ‘Reise’ and only in one
instance makes use of the name Gavia , and in this case merely as a quasi
citation from Brisson, and having no reference whatever to Gavia
Mohring. The passage in which Gavia is used, so far as it has any bear¬
ing on the case in point, is as follows: “ Gavia ridibunda phaenicopos. Die
Grosse Lach-Move. Sie ist von Brisson schon beschrieben worden, und
ich babe bey ihr nur zwey Anmerkungen zu machen. Die eine tetrifft
den Unterschied des Geschlechts, und diese besteht in Schnabel. .. .”

On referring to Brisson I find in Vol. VI of his ‘ Ornithologie,’ page
196, that he describes a Gull to which he applies the name Gavia ridi¬
bunda phaenicopos , to which Gmelin here refers. Brisson, however, did
not recognize a genus Gavia , but placed all the Gulls under Larus , begin¬
ning in every case his diagnoses “Larus supernse cinereus,” etc., as the
case might require. Brisson’s genus Larus is his genus “No. CII,” under
which he has 15 species, the technical name of 5 of which begins with the
name Larus and the remaining 10 with the name Gavia, an eccentricity
not confined to the genus Larus , and of no nomenclatural significance
(see, for example, under Brisson’s genus A user, where Cygnus and Ber-
nicla are employed in place of Anser).

The use of the name Gavia by Gmelin is merely in the sense of a refer¬
ence to Brisson, he nowhere adopting Gavia in a generic sense for any
Gull. It is evident, therefore that by no fair construction can Gavia be
considered as established in a generic sense by S. G. Gmelin in 1770, and
that it, “therefore, must be considered as a mere synonym of Larus." —

J. A. Allen, American Museum of Natural History, New York City.

Auk XVIII, July., 1901, p-

NOTES ON THE EARLY LIFE OF LOON CHICKS.

BY C. WILLIAM BEEBE.

Curator of Ornithology, New York Zoological Society.

Plate II.

On August 4, 1906, two eggs were taken from the nest of a
Loon, Gavin imber (Gunn.), on a lake of the Muskoka District,
Ontario. The eggs were cold, and from observation it was judged
that the parents had deserted them some 48 hours previously.
Packed in a suit-case, the eggs were brought to New York City
and on the evening of August 6, one young loon hatched. The
following day this chick was brought to the New York Zoological
Park, together with the second egg, which was chipped.

1 CJ. Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, pp. 1-20.

suuiiu is maue uifougn me nostrils ana sourias liKe wnew-weeo.

He settles contentedly down on a bed of dampened leaves. Fre-
quently one of the legs is given a violent shake and lifted high up
on the side of the body, the wing then being raised and placed over
the foot. Again a leg is stretched out straight behind and held in
this position for several minutes.

W hen placed in a deep tub of water the loon chick swims at once,
with very quick, short strokes, alternating with first one, then the
other foot. While swimming along, without warning, he pushes
his head clear under and looks about beneath him. This is re¬
peated several times during his first ten minutes of aquatic experi¬
ence.

In the afternoon the loon is given a second swim, this time with
a hundred small live fish beneath him. Although he ducks his
head several times, he does not see, or at least does not notice the
fish.

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The Oologist. 1606. Loon; Great Northern Diver. By ‘Scolopax’ [=Morris Gibbs
Iptd-- No. 7, July j i8S8, pp. 103-105. Auk, Vll. Jan. 1890 . p. lr4 "

1316. Mother Care. By H. A. C. 7 £zV 7 , No. 9, Mch. 24, p. 176.—On
the breeding habits of the ‘Great Northern Diver’ [?]. See also ibid.

No. 10, Mch. 31, p. 200. 3?©r« Ss Stream, Yol, aXYIII

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