HARVARD UNIVERSITY. LIBRARY OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Wasa BEQUEST OF WILLIAM McM. WOODWORTH. Now eS NOTES ABOUT SOME IN FINLAND FOUND SPECIES OF NON-PARASITICAL WORMS. (TURBELLARIA, DISCOPHOR.A Be ET t OLIGOCHETA, FENNICY) BY ce Dr. AXEL R. SPOOF, ABO. ABO PROPERTY OF THE AUTHOR. 1889. Sty f UpyrtL Abo. Printed by the Aura Printing-office-Company Ld. 1889. The following notes were originally written in the years 1867—72, only for proper use, as, when essaying from the litterature to get guidance to the knowledge of animals very often met with within my country, I found that, with except of the leeches, the now enumerated animals were but very little taken notice of by naturalists in the northern countries during our century. Having thus commenced I by little and little continued from sources accessible to me, to gather contributions to the knowledge of the geographi- cal distribution of those animals, especially in the middle and north of Europe. The notes by degrees having increased to their present extent and as I no longer could find ability to bestow time on such, sideways from my proper functions lieng researches, I wished at least to interest young natu- ralists of my country for those animals; and for this purpose I added the diagnoses, which for the most part are borrowed from previous authors. Meanwhile the notes would probably have been reposited for ever, had not the Fishery-Exhibition at St. Petersborough given impulse again to take up the last mentioned thought. The notes thence appear without every pretention and I only wish the benevolent reader may not apply on their author the words which Goethe’s Faust once was crieng out about Wagner: Wie doch dem Kopf’ nicht jede Hoffnung schwindet, Der lebenlang am schalen Zeuge klebt, Mit gier’ger Hand nach Schiitzen gribt, Und froh ist, wenn er Regenwiirmer findet. The names of places in Finland mentioned in this paper are written according to the orthography which is commonly used in the official nomen- clature on swedish language; as I think it easier to the readers, if wanted, to make out the places, by showing the name written or printed in the usual and well-known manner. The specimens of mine, on which the descriptions are founded, I have, several time ago, given to the museum of the state-lyceum (swedish) in Abo; where they now-to-days are put up. LIST OF AUTHORS, chronologically arranged: Carl Linnaei Olandska och{G ot hlindska resa. Stockholm & Upsala 1745. 53 =f Fauna Suecica, Editio I. Holmize 1746. Thorbern Bergman. Rodn om Coccus aquaticus, Lin. in the Kong]. Vetenskaps Acad. Hand- lingar, 1756. 5 ; Afhandling om Iglar, in the Kongl. Wet. Acad. Handl. 1757. Caroli Linnaei Systema Natuwrae Ed. X Holmie 1758. 5 55 Fauna Suecica Editio Il. Holmize 176 1. O. F. Miller. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium succincta historia. Haynie et Lipsiae 1774. O. Fabricius. Fauna Groenlandica. Hayniae et Lipsize 1780. Caroli a Linné Systema Nature. Ed. XIII. Lipsice 1788. J. F. P. Braun. Systematischer Beschreibung einiger Egelarten. Berlin 1805. James Rawlins Johnson. A treatise on the medicinal leech. London 1816. G. Cuvier. Histoire des progrés des sciences naturelles, depuis 1789 jusqu’A ce jour. Tome deuxieme. Bruxelles 1838. W. Hoffmeister. De Vermibus quibusdam ad genus Lumbricorum pertinentibus. Berolini 1842. 5 Beitrag zur Kenntniss deutscher Landanneliden, in the Archiv fiir Naturge- schichte 1843. A. 8. Oersted. Entwurf einer system. Eintheilung und speciellen Beschreibung der Platt- wiirmer. Copenhagen 1844. E. Grube. Uber den Lumbricus variegatus Miiller’s, in the Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte (Wieg- man) 1844, Fr. Miiller. Uber Hirudo marginata und tessulata, O. F. Miiller, in the Arch f. Naturge- schichte (Wiegman) 1844. W. Hoffmeister. Die bis jetzt bekannten Arten aus der Familie der Regenwiirmer. Braun- schweig 1848. A. Moquin-Tandon. Monographie de la famille des Hirudinées. Nouy. édition. Paris 1846. Fr. Miiller. Clepsine costata. Archiv f. Naturgeschichte 1846. C. M. Diesing. Systema helminthum I—II. Vindobonze 1850 & 1851. A. E. Grube. Die Familien der Anneliden. Berlin 1851. M. Schultze. Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte d. Turbellarien. Greifswald 1851. J. @Udekem. Nouvelle classification des Annélides sétigéres abranches; in the Bulletin de PAdcad. r. de Belgique. Tome XXI. II partie 1855. W. Stimpson. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum ; in Proceedings of the Aca- demy of natural sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. VII; printed 1857. G. Gerstfeldt. Ubereinige zum Theil neue Arten Platoden, Anneliden, Myriapoden und Crus- taceen Sibirien’s, in the Mémoires des Savants étrangers. Tome VIII. S:t Pe- tersburg 1858. J. @Udekem. Nouvelle classification des Annélides sétigdves abranches, in the Mémoires de VAcadem. roy. de Belgique. Tome XXXI. 1859. Kk. M. Diesing. Revision der Helminthen; in Wiener Sitzungs Berichte, mathem. naturwiss. Classe. Band 33, 44 & 46. Ed. Claparéde. Recherches anatomiques sur les Oligochétes, in the Mémoires de la soicété de physique et @histoire naturelle de Généve. Tome XVI. II partie, 1862. y Beobachtungen zur Anatomie und Entwickelungs-geschichte wirbelloser Thiere Leipzig 1863, Van Beneden. Recherches sur la faune littorale de Belgique; in the Mémoires de l’Acad. de Belgique. Tome XXXII. 1861. A. W. Malm. Svenska Iglar (Disciferae); in »Géteborgs Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhal- les Handlingar. Ny tidsfoljd. VIII. 1863. J. @Udekem. Mémoire sur les Lombricins;; in the Mémoires de l’Académ. de Belgique. To- me XXXY. 1865. G. Johnston. A catalogue of british non- parasitical worms in the collection of the British Mu- seum, with an appendix by D:r Baird. London 1865. J. G. H. Kinberg. Annulata nova; in the Ofversigt af Konel. Wetenskaps Akademins Hand- lingar 1866. } K. Kessler, (in russian language) Contributions to the knowledge of the Onega-lake and of its surrounding countries. S:t Petersborough 1868. Fr. Ratzel. Beitriige zur anatom. und system. Kenntniss der Oligochaeten. Leipzig 1868 in the Zeitschrift fiir wissensch. Zoologie XVIII. G. Eisen. Bidrag till Skandinaviens Oligochaetfauna, in the Ofversigt af Kongl. Wetensk. Akad. F6rhandlingar 1871. Om nagra arktiska Oligochaeter: in the same 1872. I. TURBELLARIA. A. PROCTUCHA, Max Schultze. Animalia ano stipata, sexu discreta. RuyYNCOCOELA, M. Sch. (Nemertinea, Stimpson, Keferstein.) Tubus cibarius proboscide praeditus tubulosa, exsertili, ab intesti- no seyuncta, interdum armata. Enopla, Keferstein. Proboscide armata. Familia unica TRAEMACEPHALIDAR, Kfrst. Caput fisswris brevibus transver- sis resptratoriis instructum. Tetrastemma, H. & Ehbg. Corpus teretiusculum, paullulum depressum. Caput continuum IL. subdiscretum; fovea transversa in me- dio utriusque lateris (fissurae respiratoriae); fronte truncata; apertura proboscidis in rima transversa terminali. Anus terminalis. Ocelli jr Maricolae. T. obseurum, M. Sch. Corpus fere cylindricum; antrorsum aliquantum attenuatum; utringue truncatum, olivaceum. Oculi jv—v. Proboscis (oesophagus) stylo uno mediano armata, sacculisque yj stylife- ris lateralibus, stylis binis. Long. 14 millim.; latit. 1—1,5 m. m. Synon. Tetrastemma obscurum. Max Schultze pag. 62: idem in museo zoologico Kieliae Holsatorum. Polia obscura, Van Beneden, p. 23 Tetrastemma varicolor + olivaceum, G. Johnston p. 20 (?); non- dum vero Oersted d& Diesing. Halitat sub lapidibus lignisqve submersis |. in fucis aliis- que plantis; passim frequens. — Helsingfors, Abo (Runsala). Obs. The description and figures of the internal organs given by Van Beneden, as also those given by Max Schultze, quite accord to my observations; but Van Beneden represents the animal threadlike and designs the length to be 5—6 centim. and the breath 2 m. m. — I have seen specimens with 3, 4, 5 and 6 eyes. B. APROCTA, M. Sch. Animalia ano destituta, androgyna; caput fissuris carens. DENDROCOELA, Ehbg. Oesophagus musculosus, protractilis, pe- ristomio interdum lobato; tractus intestinalis dendritice ramosus; corpus depressum 1. planum. 8 TURBELLARIA. Familia Monogonopora, Stimpson. Apertura genitalis unica. PLANARIADAE, Stimpson. Corpus oblongum, planum, saepe lobis au- riculaeformibus, rariter tentaculis. Os centrale |. posticum. O9esophagus mteger. Apertura genitalis ad posteriora oris sita. Planaria Mull. Caput interdum indistincte discretum, trigonwm, fentacules nullis ; oculis duobus. Os subcentrale; cylindricum. (Tubi ci- bart rami windivisi, Oersted); penis in communi aperture genitalis vestibulo. Pl. torva, auctorum. Corpus antice obtuse trilobum, postice acu- BEE supra cinereum |. nigrum; subtus albidum. Lg S—10; lat. a5 Mm MM. / Synon. Fasciola torva, O. F. Miller 1. 1. 62; Pee ae Oersted BA: Diesing 1. 205; Gerstfeldt 262; G. John- ston Planaria fusca, Linne 8. Nat XI. 3090; Diesmg | 204. , Halit. Et aque dulcis et subsaline incola) — Abo, Helsingfors, Nadendal, Reso, Helsinge, Mantsala. Diesing attributes to Planaria torva: ocellus singulus! — In the »Zeitschrift fiir wissens. Zoologie», Bd XI p. 89, O. Schmidt gives a description of three species into wihch, accor- ding to his opinion, Pl. torva, auctorum, is to be divided. The characters he has got from the shape of the body, espe- cially the fore-part of it, from the position of the eyes, from the colour of the body and the structure of the generative or- gans. I recollect having sometimes seen specimens that, as for the shape and the colour, have corresponded to his Pl. lugubris; but as I have not since got similar specimens for examining, it may be sufficient to have mentioned it by the by! — Gerst- feldt, 0. c. p. 262 & 263, describes a new species, Pl. guttata. However it seems to me that the characters given by him are rather unessential and fall within the limits of individual varia- bility, as for an example, the smooth in spirit not curled (gekrau- selt) margins of the body, the running together of the white spots surrounding the eyes, the flat, leaf-shaped body, the light linear-oblong mesial spot and the two lateral series of 4, 5 or 6 rounded, light spots. — Planaria, as Johnston tells, has the tail rounded; which may depend on some misstake; as I, not to reckon the extraordinary capacity of those animals in mo- ving to change the shape of the body, always have had occa- sion to see the tail of Pl. lactea, Johnst., to be very acumina- ted, the animal being in rest. With regard to the shape of the tail Pl. torva is intermediary peeneen Dendrocoelum lacteum and Polycelis nigra. Dendrocoelum, Oecrsted. Caput lobis aurieulaefor mibus ; tentaculi mulli; os oesophagusque ut Planariarum (tubs cibarti rami arbusculi- formes, Oersted); penis retortaeformis, inermis, longe vaginatus. TURBELLARIA. 9 D. lacteum, Oerst. Corpus antice emargimato-truncatum, postice acuminatum, album, rosaceum I. vriolacewm; in medio macula lactea (oe- sophagus). Lg. 7—10; lat 2—3 m. m. Syn. Hirudo depressa alba, lateribus acutis, Linné Goth. p. 182 (nondum 250); F. Su. r p. 165 N 1274 ex parte. Fasciola hepatica, Limné F. Su. of. p. 505 N 2073 (ex parte); Lin. 8. Nat. X p. 648. Fasciola lactea, O. F. Miller 7. m. 61. Planaria lactea, Fabricius F. Groen. 327; Linné 8. Nat. XI 3090; Diesing 1. 203; G. Johnston p. 10. Dendrocoelum lacteum, Oersted 51; Diesmg W. 8S. B. Bd 44. 1. p. 904. Planaria arethusa, G. Johnst. p. 11 Habitat wna cum precedente, ubique frequentissimum. Obs! This species occurs, as is already told, of various colours. I have met with four chief varieties, viz. « normalis — lactea 8 plumbea-arethusa, Johnst; y rufa and 6 fesco-cine- rea; and I have very often been able to state that the, when caught, gaily coloured animals, after one or two weeks, by litt- le and little, have lost their colour and grown quite white as snow, to such a degree, that the ramifications of the intestins were to be seen only with great difficulty. Thus it seems to me that G. Johnston is entirely right, when (p. 10) imputing the colour of those animals to their food; but it is yet to be shown what kind of food gives rise to the different colours; as I often have caught all the above mentioned varieties promis- cuosly on the same stone. According to Gerstfeldt at Irkutsk for this species vicariates Planaria angarensis, Gerstf. Fam. POLYCELIDEA, Diesing. Corpus depressum, pede ventrali nullo aut uno. Caput corpore continwum vel discretum, auriculatum |. exau- riculatum, tentaculis nullis Ocelli vj vel numerosi Os ventrale, ante vel pone medium corporis sitwm; oesophago cylindrico vel campanulato. Apertura genitalis unica pone os. Aquarum dulcium incolae vel terrestria. Polyeelis, Ehbg. Corpus planwm, latum; ocelli plurimi, ad mar- ginem corporis glabri anteriorem; os plerumqve posticum. P. nigra, Ehbg. Corpus antrorsum obtusum, retrorsum paullulum attenuatum, fuscum 1. brunneum. Ly 6—11 m. m., lat. 3—4 m. m. Syn. Fasciola nigra, O. F. Miller 7, n, 54. Planaria nigra, Linné 8. Nat. xii 3087; Oersted 54. Polycelis nigra, Diesg 1, 191; G. Johnston p. 9. Polycelis brunnea et felina G. Johnston p. 9 & 10. Halitat in aqua vel dulci (Helsinge) vel subsalina (Runsala). Obs! According to the characters given by Johnston the 10 TURBELLARIA. Polycelis nigra from Finland would correspond to P. brunnea, Johnst. with regard to the shape of the fore-body; but as for the colour and the elliptical shape of the body to P. felina, Johnst. While keeping up some specimens of Gasterosteus m a small subsaline aquarium I once let a specimen of Planaria fall into the water. In the same moment one of the fishes snap- ped at the animal, but immediately left it again and from se- veral movements of his body I understood that the contact with the animal might have been very disagreeable to him. Since that time none of the fishes showed mind to touch such an animal, Il. ANNULATA DISCOPHORA, Grate. (Hirudinea, Vogt; Bedellidea, Johnstun; Dicsiferae, Malm.) Fam. ATRUDINEA, Sav. (Hirudinacea Grube; Bdellinea, Mo- quin-Tandon. Corpus utringue attenuatum; corporis segmenta distincte annulata (annulis jv l. v. composita); extremitas anterio™ corport cotinuna, cavi- tate prehensili terminata; acetabulum posticum oblique affixum, discre- tum, anus eidem superior; oesophagus pawlulum protractilis, plicis tri- bus, interdum dentatis, longitudinalibus ; sanguine ri:bro. Hirudo, Lin. sensu strictiori (Sanguisuga, Sav.). Acetabulum ante- rius annulatum, corport continuum, lobis anteriore et pesteriore praedi- tum; segmentis tribus, annulisque duobus compositune ; plicae oesophageae maxilla semiovali; dentibus acutis, marginalibus, numerosis (60—70), serie duplict dispositis mstructa. Ocult decem. Aperture gen ves in- ter XXIV—XXV et inter XXIX—XXX segmentum; paria saccorum ventraliim numerosa,magna; imtestinum tenue ; anus minutus rotundatis. H. medicinalis, Lin. Corpus supra griseo-olivaceum, fasciis lon- gitudinalibus vj rufo-flavis, aut intus plus minusve atris, aut totis ater- rimis pictum; subtus pallide flavo-olivaceum, ut plurimum fasetis mar- ginalibus maculisqve nigris. Long. 75 m m., lat. 10 m. m. Syn. Hirudo depressa fusca, margine laterali flavo, Lin. F. Su. 1 AN 1272. Hirudo medicinalis, Bergman 1757 pag. 308; Lin. Syst. Nat. X p. 649; Lin. F. Su. m. N 2079; O. F. Miller, 1 m 37; Lin. Syst. N. xm. 3095; Johnson Treatise 29; Moquin- Tandon 327; Grube 109; Diesing. 1. 465; Malm 169; Kessler 110; Johnston 48 & 309; Hirudo venaesector, Braun 24. Hab. in aquis dulcibus passim. — Rimito; Tenala, as no- ticed by mr Lihr, apothecary at Pojo; to the north of Onega, Giinther, according to Kessler. Varieties yet unknown. Obs! I am told by apothecaries that the most part of leeches that are sold in Finland should be imported from Rus- sia; though one may alsoin our country find numberless lakes and ponds suitable as dwellingplaces for those animals. Aulastoma, M.-Tand. Corpus depresso-cylindricum, antrorsum attenuatum; labium posterius fere nullum; os amplum, maxillae parvae, ih ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. dentibus sparsis obtusisque imstructae; oesophagus plicis xy longitudi- nalibus; sacci ventrales minimi |. nulli; venter solwm postice saccis a longis retrorsum directts praeditus; intestinum crassum; anus amplus, semilunaris; oculi ut Hirudinis; aperturae genitales rtidem. (Secundum= celeb. dom G. Johnston Aulastoma familiw Nephe- lidarum attribuendum erit, quod nefas.) A. sayguisuga, Berem. Oorpus supra nigro-brunneum 1 nigro. olivaceum, subtus pallide olivaceum. Long. 70 m. m., lat. 12 m. m Syn. Hirudo sanguisuga, Bergman 17457 p. 309; Lin. Syst. _Nat- ed. X 649 & F. Su. Il 505 N 2078; & Syst. N.ed xu. p. 3095; Johnson 30 Hirudo Gulo, Braun 12. Hirudo vorax, Johnson 62. Aulastoma Gulo, Moquin-Tandon 313; Aulostoma Gulo, G. John- ston 46 d: 307 (not the synonymes given by him); Aulostomum Gulo, Diesing I. 461; and Aulastomum Gulo, Diesing. W. S. B. 33 p. 499. Aulacostomum Gulo, Grube 110; Gerstfeldt 266; Aulacostoma Gulo, Kessler 110. Aulostoma sanguisuga, Malm 180. Pullus: Hirudo nigra, Johnson 32 (?). Varietates: « normalis, M.-Tand. frequentissima; 8 fuli- ginosa, M.-T.; y olivacea, M.-T. 1 — M-T.? Corpus supra oli- vaceum, maculis oblongis, fuscis, per series longitudimales late- rales quatuor |. sex dispositis; subtus laetius olivaceum, punctis irregularibus nigris adspersum. Halit. in aquis dulcibus ubiqve sat frequens. Abo, Reso, Helsinge, Helsingfors, Saaksmaki (Gadd); 8. East of Karelia (J. Sahlberg); Hogland (Bremner); environs of S:t Petersborough, in Onega as far as to Povenetz, in Uksh-osero and other lakes around Onega, in Ladoga as far as to Sorda- vala, according to Kessler. — The variety 7 I have got in Abo. — Moreover the zoological museum at Helsingfors has. got an entirely white specimen from — ?. Obs! In the month of August 1870 I im Fargas found close to the shore of a secluded bay of the sea (subsaline) a fullerown individual of this species. It was lieng contracted in the mud under a thimber; no fresh-water was to be found in the neighbourhood. Nephielis, Sav. Corpus depresswm, antice attenuatwm, obsolete an- nullatwm; oesophagus plicis tribus longitudinalibus inermibus; oculd vii) am serie semicircular?’ transversa dispositi, jv in primo, jv in tertio an- nulo; penis imter XXXIV—XXXV; vulva miter XXX VU—XXXVIT annulos (interdum XXXI—XXXT & XXXIV—XXXV) N. octoculata, Bergm. Corpus supra, subtusqve convexiusculum margine acuto, cerenulato, brunneum, carnewn 1. griseum: concolor 1. ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. 13 sparse punctatum, lineatum | negro-reticulatum. Long. 35 m. m., lat. am. Mm. Syn. Hirudo depressa nigra abdomine subcinereo, Lin F.Su. 1 A 1273. Hirudo octopunctata, Bergm. 1756. Hirudo octoculata, Bergm. 1757 p. 311; Lin. Syst. Nat. ed. X. 649; Lin. F. Su. I 506 M 2080. Hirudo vulgaris, O. F. Miiller I IL 40; Lin. Syst. Nat. xim p. 3096; Braun 39; Johnson 33; Nephelis octoculata, Moquin-Tandon 302; Malm 186; G. Johnston 44 & 305. Nephelis vulgaris, Diesing 1, 456; Grube 110; Kessler 111; Gerst- feldt 265. Nephelis reticulata, Malm 190. Capsula ovulorum: Syn. Coccus aquaticus, Limnaei Goth. & F. Su. 1. p. 220; Bergman 1756. Varietates: 8 sanguinea, M.-T. (Runsala); 6 lugubris, M.-T. (Luonnonmaa, Karuna, Nadendal; ; Parikkala, sec. J. Sahlbere); < grisola; M.-T. (ubique); 7 tomer ia, M.-T.; 9 virescens, M-T. (amnis Aura); v.... . (Muwelleri M.-T.2) rufo-brunneum, lineis in medio dorsi duabus longitudinalibus fuscis (Helsinge). Halit. in vivis stagnis paludibusque, omnium frequentissima. Abo, Reso, Nadendal, Helsinge, Mantsala; — Parikkala, Lappvesi, Jacobstad (J. Sahlberg); — in the territory of Olo- netz, in the Onega unto Povenetz and in Uksh-osero (Kessler). In a verbal discourse (November 1872) with the renow- ned swedish naturalists mr A. W. Malm in Gothemborough, that gentleman told me that he still adhered to his formerly (o. cit.) expressed opinion about the two pretended species »oc- toculata» and »reticulata>. Obs! In the 25:th of August 1868 I caught a young in- dividual of Aulastoma sanguisuga which, when I was examining its external shape, disgorged — »per os» — an other leech of almost its own length. This one, a young Nephelis octocu- lata sanguinea, proved itsself to be alive, though. the forepart of the body — it was been swallowed the fore-body the first — was to such a degree destroyed, that no eyes were to be seen. Yet two days later I still perceived motions in the mu- tilated body. Fam. CLEPSINEA, Grube (Aibionea e. p et Siphonea, M.-T. Clepsinida, Vogt. Clepsinini, Malm. Corpus Breve! nae antrorsum sensim attenuatum; corports segmenta annulis ij) compositta; oculi tn ace- tabulo antico; oesophagus maxillis carens, proboscidis more cxsertilis; ven- triculus intestinumque sacculis coecis pinnati; anus acetabulo anali su- pertor; sanguis ineoloratus. Piscicola, Blainv. Corpus elongatwmn, terctiuseulum 1. depressum, antrorsum parum angustatum, obsolete annulatin. Caput disciforme, 14 ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. circulare 1. subellipticum, parum excavatum, excentrice afftxum, corport continuum 1. diseretum; acetabulum anale via discretum, excentrice af - fixum, abdomine latius. P. piscium, Bergm. C. teres fusco-flavum, viride |. cinerewm, li- nea longitudinali mediana utrinque pinnata alba. Ocellijv, quorum an- tertores distantes, lineares. Aperture genitales in XXVIII et XXXIV (XXIX et XXX) segmento. Acetabulum anale supra obesure radiatum et intra marginem circulo unico punctis nigris notatum. Long. 45 m. m., lat. 4 m. m. Syn. Hirudo teres extremitatibus dilatatis, Linne F. Su. I MW 1275. Hirudo piscium, Bergman 1757; O. F. Muller 1. 1. 43; Fabricius F. Groenl. 32] e. p. Hirudo geometra, Linné, 8. Nat. X. 650; F. Su. 1, 506 M 2083; S. Nat. xm 3097; Johnson 35. Hirudo Galeria, Braun 35. Piscicola pisctum, Moq.-Tandon 294; Malm 229. Ichtiobdella geometra, Diesing 1. 440. Piscicola geometra, Grube 112; G. Johnston 43 (with eight eyes!?). Halitat in aquis dulcibus, nec non subsalinis fere ubique — Runsala, Helsingfors, Helsinge. Obs! I do not yet possess facts enough for to decide whether this one and its confined species (Malm op. cit.) really are good species or merely varieties. In subsaline water I have got individuals, as for the colour, ressembling to the »gracilis», »piscium» and »crassicaudata» of Malm; the type of »piscium, Malm» I have found only in fresh-water (Vanda-river). — A specimen corresponding to »crassicaudata, Malm» within except of the eyes, I caught in brackish water on a Cottus gobio, Lin.; when keeping up the animal alive for a few days I saw the red colour, by degrees, changes into light yellow. P. stellata, Kollar-Diesing. C. depresswm, obsolete annulatum, ut- roque margine papillosum, cinereo-album, punctis stellatis nigris undique adspersum. Oculi jv, antici lineares, postict subrotundi, minores. Collum subconicum haud papillosum;, acetabulum corport concolor, limbo cellulis majoribus vii — x einctum. (Sacce ventrales omnes antice quast bipar- titi; Malm.) Long. 18 m. m., lat. 3 m. m. Syn. Ichtiobdella stellata, Diesing 1, 441. Platybdella mamillata, Malm 218 Piscicola respirans, Kessler 114. Piscium ectoparasita ad branchias (Gadus Lota, Lin.), — The zoological museum of the university at Helsingfors pos- sesses specimens from Helsingfors. — Kessler (op. cit.) has got specimens from Kronstadt. Clepsine, Savy, Corpus depressum, dilatatum, in globum involubile, conveaiusculum. Caput continuum 1 subdiseretum. Ocult a 1. plures, ut plurimum in lineas duas longitudinales dispositi. Acetabulum anale ven- trale, centro affixuwm. Anus mediocris, rotundatus. Apertura genitales ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. 15 XIX_—-XX XXIE—-XXUWI M-Tand.; aut XX—XXI et XXII—XXIV M-T. & Malm; aut XXV—XXVI et XXVII—XXVII Dies.; aut XX— XT cf MX VIOXX VEE Dies;> aut XX—XXI et XXTV—XXV G, Johnst. — Aqvarum dulcium incolae. a) Saccorum yentralium paria vj; caput continuum (Clepsine, M.-T.) C. binoculata, Bergm. ©. clavatum, depressum, gelatinoswn, pellucidum, margine crenulatim, supra punctis nagris exasperatum. Ocelli ij. Segmentum nonum sw@pe macula brunnea |. nigra supra no- tatum. Long. 13—20 m. m.; lat 3—5 m. m. Syn. Hirudo 2-oculata, Bergman 1757; 0. F. Miiller 1. um. 41 Linné 8. Nat. xm. 3096; Braun 53; Hirudo stagnalis, Linné S. Nat. X. p. 649; F. Su. m. 506 M 2081 (sec. O. F. Miiller et A. W. Malm; though Linnaeus himself, S Nat. X p. 649 tells Hir. stagnalis to be = H. bioculata, the description given by him quite as well accords to Planaria torva ___as to the species now mentioned). Glossiphonia perata, Johnson 26. Glossiphonia bioculata, Moquin-Tandon 366; G. Johnston 52 & 316 Clepsine bioculata, Diesing 1, 448; Grube 113; Malm 195; Kessler 114. és Habitat im rivis stagnis paludibusque frequentissima. — Abo, Reso, Nadendal, Helsinge, Helsingfors, Inga, Mantsila; Jacobstad (J. Sahlberg); territory around Onega (Kessler). Obs. Varying in colour: grayish, greenish or light rosy; after Nephelis octoculata the most common leech in Finland. C. heteroclita, Lin. ©. gelatinosum, ellipticum, depressum, di- aphanun, supra cinereum 1. flavicans, interdum maculis nigris medi- anis vj serie longitudinali dispositis; margine subintegrum. Ocelli vj, bint anteriores valde approximati. Sacci ventrales primi paris oblique antrorsum vergentes. Long. 7—8 m. m, lat. 3—5 m. m. Syn. Hirudo heteroclita, Linné F. Su. n. 506. NM 2085. Hirudo hyalina, O. F. Miiller 7, 1. 49; Linné S. Nat. xm. 3097. Hirudo papillosa, Braun 64. Hirudo heteroclyta, Johnson 34. Glossiphonia heteroclita, Moquin-Tandon 358; G. Johnston 52 & 316; Glepsine hyalina, Diesing 1. 453. Clepsine heteroclita, Grube 113; Malm 199; Kessler 113. Habitat in stagnis. — Reso; in Uksh-osero (Kessler). C. senoculata, Bergm. C. subcartilaginewm, ellipticum, dep- ressum; supra cinereo-viride, lineis ij—jev longitudinalibus nigris, dua- bus distincte granulosis, continuis 1. interdum punctis albis interruptis; subtus griseum; margine suberenulatum. Ocelli vj, per paria parallel’. Sacei ventrales primi paris ut reliqui oblique retrorswm vergentes. Long. 15—22 m. m., lat. S—10 m. m. = Syn Hirudo 6-oculata, Bereman 1757, 213; Hirudo complanata, Linné S. Nat. X. 650; F. Su. rr, 506. 2082; O. F. Miller 1, m. 47; Linné S. Nat. xm 3097; Braun 68 Glossiphonia tuberculata, Johnson 25 (ut etiam: Hirudo lineata? _ Johnson 34). Glossiphonia sexoculata, Moquin-Tandon 353; G. Johnston 51 & 315 (ut etiam: Glossiph. verrucata? Johnston 51 d@ 3514). 16 ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. Clepsine complanata, Diesing 7, 452; Grube 113; Gerstfeldt 263. Clepsine sexoculata, Malm 203; Kessler 112. Halitat in aquis dulcibus sat frequens. — Nadendai, Reso, Helsinge, Mantsala; S. East of Karelia (J. Sahlberg); Ladoga as far as to Sordavala, Onega unto Povenetz (Kessler). Obs! According to Kessler one of the most common spe- cies in the territory of Onega. I think Gerstfeldt to be in right, when (0. cit. p. 264) identifying Clepsine complanata and verrucata, F. Miill. b) Saccorum ventralium paria vij et ultra Caput subdiscretum (Lobina, Moquin-Tandon). C. marginata O. F. Miller. C. subcartilagineum, antrorsum angustatum, fusco-viride, supra macularum flavescentium — serie- bus jv, medio dorso linearum ejusdem coloris serie notato; margine flavo- albo-fuscoque tessellato. Ocelli jv in series duas longitudinales, surswm convergentes dispositi, posticc majores. Long. 20, lat 3—4 m. m. Syn. Hirudo marginata, O. F. Miller 7. m. 46; Linne §, Nat. xm 3098: Johnson 36; . Hirudo variegata Braun 61. Clepsine margmata, Fr. Miller 1844 p. 370; Drsing 1, 447; Grube 114; Malm 208; Glossiphonia marginata, Moquin-Tandon 375; G. Johnston 339 ‘ut etiam: Glossiph. flava, Johnston). Halvtat im _ rivis ee ad plantas; rara Aura-ri- ver, Reso, Nadendal; 8. East of Karelia (J. Site 2), C. tessulata, O. F. Miller. (©. gelatinoswm mollissenan subellipticum, plano-depressum antrorsum paullulum angustatwmn, cinero- viride supra macularunm flavescentiwm seriebus ij—v) notatwin, margine cinereo flavoque tesselato, Ocelli virj in serves duas longitudinales dis- postti. Pars oesophagea tractus cibari sacculis jv coecis, quorun, media bipartiti; diverticula ventralia vi bigeniculata, fundo bi-l. tripartita; septimum fundo suo fundo ultima saccoruni rectalium attingens, laterc exteriore diverticulis jv minoribus, praeter fundum diverticuliformem prae- ditum:; sacet rectales jv, quorum y anteriores antrorsum, postict retror- sum vergentes. Long. 1S—25, lat. 3—5. Syn. Hirudo tessulata, O. F. Muller 7. m. 45; Linne 8. Nat. xm. 30.8; Braun 56; Johnson 33. Clepsine tessulata, Fr. Miller 1844 p. 370; Diesing 7, 447; Malm 215. Glossiphonia tessellata, Moquin-Tandon 379; G Johnston 312. Clepsme tesselata, Grube 114. Habitat in rivis stagnis paludibusque haud frequens. — Nadendal, Reso, Méantsalii; 8. East of Karelia (J. Sahlberg). — Medio in mensis Julii individua legi ova gerentia. Obs! Ot this species I have got two varieties without any intermediary, viz: a small dark one corresponding to Clep- sine tessulata, Malm, within except of the dilatation of the neck ; and an almost thrice as large but paler one ANNULATA DISCOPHORA, i 1% The zoological museum of the university to Helsingfors possesses a specimen of this animal noted: Ishavet (the nor- thern frozen ocean) Kola, by mr G. Selin! C. costata, Fr. Mill. Caput discretwm. Corpus subcar- tilagineum, dilatatum, fuscescens. Dorsum convexciusculum vitta media longitudinali flava nigro interrupta, linersque punctorwmn obscuriorum prominentibus utringue binis ternisque quast costatum, Oculi 7 subro- tundi. Long. 40—50 m, m. Syn. Clepsine costata, Fr. Miller 1846 p. 82; Grube 115 &@ 150; Diesing 1. 450; Kessler 113. Glossiphonia catenigera, Moquin-Tandon 373. Clepsine catenigera, Diesing W. 8S. B. 33 p. 493. Halitat: ad insulam Valamo in Ladoga (Kessler). Nota. Ordim Myzhelmiothorum, sec. Diesing, subordini Bdellideornm, tribui Monocotyleorum subtribuique Calicotyleo- rum adscribo animaleulum quod Lumbriculo variegato adhaerens inveni; cujus corpus segmentis viij confectum acetabulo anali praeditum spinis duabus retrorsum directis instructo. Extremi- tas cephalica acetabulo destituta, ciliis autem vibratilibus obsita. Oculi nulli. Intestina inconspicua. Segmentum quintum caete- ris majus ampliusque, adeo ut animal irritatum, Testudinum more, totum corpus in idem contrahere possit. Longit. 0,2 m. m. Obs! The late professor Alexander von Nordman once toid he had got specimens of Branchiebdella astaci; however the Zoological museum of the Helsingfors-university does not possess any. Fam. ACANTHOBDELLEA, Grube (et genus familiae unicum). Acanthobdella, Grube. Corpus fere fusiforme. depressiusculum, antrorsum sensim attenwatum; tbidem setae wuneinatae per paria aliquot biseriatim positie. Lobus cephalicus (Kinberg; Kopflappen, Grube) ea7/- guus l. inconspicuus, minimeque acetabulum format, wnde acetabulum anticum nullum. Os inferum, subterminale, minimum. Aperturae g e- nitales solitariae, approximatae, in linea ventris mediana anticam ver- sus extremitatem sitae — in XXXTI et XXXII segmento, sec. Diesing. — Acetabulim anale minutum, cujus in medio orificium ani. Segmenta corports circiter laxa. 18 ANNULATA DISCOPHORA. A. peledina, Grube. Antica corporis extremitas deorsum panul- lulum inclinatum, setarwnque paribus xx munitum, quaterna in segmento primo, secundo, tertio, qunto et nono. Os ovale in primo segmento. Corpus pallide cinereo-flavum. Syn. Acanthobdella peledia, Grube 116; Diesing W. 8. B. 46 p. 510; Kessler 115. Halitat: In Onega, Salmoni salvelino adhaerentem le- git Kessler. Hl. OLIGOCHAETA. (Annelides setigeres abranches, d’Udekem.) Fam. LumBricINA, Sav.-d’Udekem (Oligochetes _ terri- coles, Claparede). Corpus segmentis multis compositum; tegumenta corporis valde musculosa, opaca; lobus cephalicus (Kinberg = la levre = die Oberlippe = Kopflappen, Grube = the first segment, G. Johnston) conicus, labrum superius format; segmentum buccale (Kinberg = Mandsegment, Grube = the second or buccal segment, G. Johnston) cnerme; tubus cibarius rectus, os inferum; ventriculus musculosus; anus terminalis. Setae senrper un- cinatae, parum promimentes. Oculi nulli. Sangws ruber; apparatus circulationis dilatationibus lateralibus [cordibus] multis stipatus. Ovu- la perparva, plura in capsulis conglutinata. Lumbricus, Lin. Lobus cephalicus a segmento buccali distinctus. Setae singulae im seriebus vitj longitrorsum dispositae. In antica cor- ports parte xona tumida, torosa, glandulosa, cingulum 1. clitellum, plu- ribus segmentis composita; nec non tubercula ventralia. Tubercula ventralia (Kinberg = les grands pores, Savigny = vulva, Hoffmeister) in XV segmento [in xvi sec. Hoffm.]. aa. Setae per paria approximatae; par superius latero-ventrale |. fere laterale, par inferius ventrale. Lobus cephalicus retrorsum in pro- cessum qui segmentum buccale totum. findit, productum. — 1. Cingulum in segmento XXIV, XXV, XXVI—ve ortum semper segmenta sex complectitur. Corporis segmenta circiter cxl. L. rubellus, Hoffm. Corpus ante cingulum fere cylindricum ru- fobrunneum, antrorsum attenuatwm; pone cingulum applanatum, ba- dium, subtus pallidius. Lobus cephalicus segmento buccali aliqu- anto brevior, infra indistincte sulcatus; processus ejusdem sulco trans- verso, saepe vix conspicuo. Tubercula ventralia saepe desunt. Cingu- lum laete rufum; papellarwm, [Saugnipfe. Hoffm,] paria @ distineta. Segmenta bi-et tri-annulata. Long. circ. 100 m. m. — Animal parvum: ante cing. 25 m. m., in cing. 7 et pone cing. 39 m. m. Synon. Limbricus laevis ex p. Lirné F. Su. 1 M 1270. Lumbricus terrestris ex p. Linné F, Su um. 504 .M 2073; ex p. O. F.-Muller . wy 24; L. terr. minor, Linne 8. Nat. xi. 3083; L. terrestris ex p. G. Johnston 58 & 324. Lumbricus rubellus, Hoffmeister 1843 p. 187; Hoffm. Regenw. 21; Grube 99 d 145; d’Udekem, Lombricins 39; Eisen 957. Habitat hamo, ubique frequentissimus. — Abo, Reso, Eke- nas, Skuru, Fagervik, Helsingfors; Mantsala. 20. OLIGOCHAETA. 2 Cingulum in segmento XXIX, XXX, XX XI]—ve ortum segmenta complectitur sex, septem I. octo; corporis segmenta clx—clxxx. L. Agricola, Hoffm, Habitus fere antecedentis. Corpus carneum; per medium dorsi linea obscurior, Lobus cephalicus longuitudine seg- mento buccali par, deorsum decussatus, infra longitudinaliter sulcatus; processus ejusdem sulco transverso, interdum duplict. Verrucae ventra- les [= Wailste, Hoffm.| im VIL. IX X et XXVI segmento. Otngulum promimens, a segmentis victnis discretum. rufescens; papillarum paria zr — vy parum distincta Segmenta bi-et triannulata. Long. cire. 200 m. m, — Animal parvum; ante cing. 27, in cing. 5 et pone cing. 65 m. m Synon. Lumbricus terrestris major Linne F. Su. WU, 504 Ne 2073. S. Nat. xm. 3084. Lumbricus terrestris ex p. O. F. Miller 1 um. 24; Fabricius, F. Groenl. 276; Hisen 954; G. Johnston 58 & 324. Lumbricus Agricola, Hoffmeister, de Vermibus, 24; Hoffm. 1845 p. 186; Regenwiirmer 5; d’Udekem, Lombricins 35; Kess- ler 108. Lumbricus terrestris, Grube 99 cd 145. Habitat in hortis, agris, fimetis, quercetisque, antecedenti haud rarior. — Abo, Helsingfors; S:t Petersbourough and the territory around Onega (Kessler). Nota. Lumbricum purpureum, in tagetis Scaniae cele- berrimo Eisen lectum citatoque in opere descriptum, in quer- cetis Fenniae inveniendum fore haud dubito. bb. Setae per paria approximatae, laterales et ventrales; processus lobi cephalici segmentum buceale ex parte tantum findit. aaa. Lobus cephalicus infra sulco longitudinal. 3. Suleus lobi cephalici in apicem productus, ibidem impressionem I. excavationem format. Sege. corp. clx — clxxx. L. communis, Hoffm. Corpus cylindricam pigmento cutis caret; antrorsum conspicue, retrorsum minime attennuatum, nec applana- tum. Lobus cephalicus seymento buccalilongior; processus brevis, dimidiam fl. tertiam partem lobi cephalicr findit. Verrucae ventrales in XII, XII, XIX et XXVIsegmento. Cingulum conspicuum, mediocre; XXVI, XXIX, XXX—XXXTT, XXXIV, XXXVIZ papillarum paria y ndistineta. Segmenta bi-et triannulata. Setae valde approximatae, par superius laterale. Long. cire. 200 m, m. (214-8+-49). Synon. Lumbricus terrestris ex p. Lime F. Su. 1, 504 Aé 2073 S. Nat. Xd. Lumbricus anatomicus, Hoffmeister 1843 p. 185; Grube 99 @ 145; Gerstfeldt 268; G. Johnston 60 & 330; (L. xanthurus 62, gor- dianus 63 et minor 59 & 829, G. Johnston?). OLIGOCHAETA. 21 Tumbricus communis, Hoffmeister Regenw. 23; d’Udekem, Lom- bricins, 36; Kessler 104; Hisen 962. Habitat in humo, ubique frequentissimus. — Abo, Reso, Skuru, Helsingfors, Mantsala; territory of Olonetz (Kessler). Obs! The varieties mentioned by Hoffmeister and Eisen occur in Finland, though intermediary forms are very common. — Lumbricus communis pellucidus I once got under a couch of moss at the bottom of a small water-pit in the cleft of a mountain. 4, Sulcus lobi cephalici apici non attinigt. Sege. Ixxx—e. L. chloroticus, Sav. Corpus angulare, antrorsum aliquantulum attenwatum. Cingulum magnum, prominens, glabrum, XX VII, XXIX— XXXV, XXXVE XXXVI, XXXVUHI; papillarum paria vy; verrucae mm IX segmento; segmenta rugis subtilissimis bi-l. triannulata angusta. Lobus cephalicus parvus, apice rotundatus; processus duas partes seq- mentt buccalis findit. Tubercula ventralia magna, in XIV XVI-qu- segmentum extensa. Setae parum prominentes; per paria valde approxie matae; par supertus laterale. Long. circ. SO m. m. (114+-5+4-35), Synon. Enterion chloroticum, Savigny-Cuvier 110. Enterion virescens, Sav.-Cuvier 110. Lumbricus riparius, Hoffmeister 1843 p. 189; Regenw. 30; Grube 99 d& 145; dUdekem, Lombricins. 39; Hisen 965. Lumbricus viridis, G. Johnston 60. Lumbrici minoris var. virescens, G. Johnston 330. Lumbricus brevispinus? Gerstfeldt 269. Habitat in locis arenoso-argillaceis, passim. — Abo. — Irritatus non effugit, in gyrum vero sese involvit. Obs! As I never have found this species near the sho- res, I prefer giving it the name above, which besides fully correspond to the real colour of its body. bbb. \obus cephalicus infra sulco nullo. Segmenta xc—e. L. olidus, Hoffm. Corpus fere cylindricum, paullulum applana- tum, antrorsum parum attenuatum; pars corporis ante cingulum et li- nea in medio dorsi pone cingulum badia; segmenta caeterum incolorata. Lobus cephalicus perbrevis, pellucidus; processus dimidiam segmenti buc- ealis findit. Cingulum rubicundum, crasswm, molle; saepe deest; XXIV, XXV—XXX, XXXII, segmenta vj vel vij complectitur. Papillae haud conspicuae, Segmentum anale penultimo brevius 1. longitudine par est. Setae admodum approximatae; setarum paria se tueicem distantia. Sey- menta triannulata, e ports dorsalibus succum secernent copiosum Lactu- carvo redolentem. Long. 80 m. m. (15,54+-6-++-35 m, m.). Synon. Enterion fetidum Savigny-Cuvier 110. Lumbricus olidus, Hoffmeister 1843 p. 190; de Vermibus 24; Re- genw, 32; d’Udekem, Lombricins 40, Lumbricus foetidus, Grube 99 & 145: G, Johnston 61 & 381: Eisen 960. 22 OLIGOCHAETA. Habitat (in locis arenaceis; Hoffm.) — Runsala; Ylane. ce. Setae se invicem spatiis aequalibus |. fere aequalibus distantes, dorsales, laterales et ventrales. Processus lobi cephalici segmentum buccale ex parte tantum findit. L. puter, Hoffm. Corpus angulare in utramque extremitatem aliquantulum attenuatwm, aut totum badium aut, exceptis dorso partis ante cingulum lineaque in medio dorsi elevata badiis, pallidum. Lobus cephalicus parvus truncatus; processus latus, dinadiam segmente bucca- lis findit; infra sulco nullo. Cingulum conspicuum:, papillarum parva 4) interdum conspicua; aut XXVI-XXXI, XXXII, aut XXIX—XXXIU, XXXIV, aut rarius XXVU—XXXU, XXXII; segmenta x vel vy [rar. v.] complectitur. Segmentum anale penultimo longius. Segmenta prae- eingularia bi-, post-cingularia triannnlata. Setae prominentes vermem reddunt quasi octangularem. — In aquosis occurerunt individua quorum cingula™ segmenta XXIX—XXXMI, XXXIV [rarius XX VII-XXXII, XXXII] complexa sunt; papillaruwn paribus 7 conspicurs, numeroque segmentorum lxxviij—ev; longit. 45 m. m. [12+-3,5+20; 1443-+28], — In arboribus truncisque putridis, sub cortice Tiliae vivae individua legi quorum cingula XXVI-—XXXI, XXXII; papillae inconspicuae; numerus segmentorum calij; longit. 335 m. m, [8+-8,54-22]. Synon. Enterion octaédrum, Savigny-Cuvier {11 [non Hoffmeister]. Lumbricus puter Hoffmeister [?] Regenw. 33; (pieter) d’Udekem, Lombricins 41; Grube 99 & 145; Hisen 959. Lumbricusfiputor, G. Johnston 62, — Halitat (vide supra)... — Abo, Reso, Helsingfors, Mant- sila; Parikkala (J. Sahlberg). Obs! It appears strange to me that Hoffmeister has found »die Borstenpaare mehr gendhert, als bei der vorigen Art (L. olidus)». — In this species as well as in the L. olidus the back is often highly ridged which is especially perceptible in specimens put up in spirit. . b, Tubercula ventralia in XII corporis segmento, L. tetraédrus, Sav. Corpus praesertim postice, quadrangulare; antrorsum paullulum, retrorsum magis attenuatum, concolor, flavidwm- hadium. Lobus cephalicus parvus pellucidus, segmento buccala brevior; processus brevis, angustus, dimidiam 1. trientem segmenti buccalis fin- dit; infra suleo longitudinali nullo. Cingulum aliquantum promonens; XX, XXTI—XXV, XXVI XXVI; utroque latere sulco longitudinal terminatum. Setae per paria paullulum approximatae, par supertus la- tero-dorsale, unde habitus animalis quadrangularis. Segmenta la—luxx; segmentum anale praeanali parwn longius, Long. 23—25,5 m. m. [70 m. m. sec. Hoffm.] — /6+2+-15; 7,5-+-3-+18; 84-2.5--17; 7--2-+15,5./ Synon. Enterion tetraédrum, Savigny-Cuvier 111. Lumbricus agilis, Hoffmeister 1843 p. 191; Regenw. 36; d’Udekem, Lombricins 42. Lumbricus tetraédrus, Grube 99 & 145; Hisen 967; G. Johnston 61. OLIGOCHAETA. 23 Habitat in aquosis, ripis etc. haud rarus; agilis. — Fager- vik, Ekeniis, Helsinge, Mantsala; Parikkala (J. Sahlberg). In »Foérhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske Naturforskarenes 2 mote» pag. 273, prof, Boeck tells that he has found in Nor- way six species of Lumbricus; of them three were found in the environs of Trondhjem and only one at Hammerfest. At the same leisure D:r Teak told himself to have found eleven different species in the environs of Lijmfjorden. — Savigny (Cuvier. Histoire des progrés) describes twenty species. am. TUBIFICINA, d’Udek. Corpus annulatum. Lobus cephali- cus in labrum supertus, interdum valde longum productus. Segmenta corporis numerosissima. Tegumenta corporis musculosa, admodum. pel- lucida. Series fasciculorum setarum jv, setae aut uncinatae, aut furca- tae; interdum in eodem fasciculo reperiuntur setae et subulatae |capilli| et furcatae. Tubus cibarius rectus. Os segmento buccali inferius. Ven- triculus musculosus deest; anus terminalis. Apparatus circulationis aut cordibus % lateralibus, aut ramis lateralibus; rami vasorum sacculis coects contractilibus terminati. Sanguis ruber 1. luteoruber. Ovula pro exiguo corpore permagna, plura in capsulis conglutinata. Aquariwn et dulcium et subsakinarun ineolae. A. Setae furcatae; rami vasorum indivisi. Tubifex. Fasciculi setarum superiores setis gaud ent furcatis 1. furcato-pectinatis, interdum capillis intermixtts. — Ranvt vasorum im VIIT seqgiento in corda transformati.* a. Tegumenta nuda; sanguis ruber. aa. Fasciculi setarum capillis /setis subulatis) destituti. A. S. Oersted (De regionibus marinis, Hauniae 1844 p. 68) gives to the genus Tubifex limits, that seem to me to be preferable to those of d@Udekem: »Tubificis genus differt a Lumbricillo praecipue setis dorsalibus partim capillaribus, partim uncinatis». —-- Thus the group @ — aa might be disunited from that genus and, together with Euaxes and Lumbriculus, Grube, and Helodrilus, Hoffin., transferred into the »familia Lumbricillorum», Oerst., whose nota characteristica is given in the following words: ‘Lumbricillus, Lumbricillorum familiae typus, distinguitur setis et superioribus et inferiori= bus subulatis, abbreviatis ferme rectis». However, as Oersted does not men- tion the relation of the blood-vessels, one cannot have regard for the limits given by him. — | also think it necessary to mention, that I have been unabled ‘to further investigations about Tubificina, Enc shytraeina and Naidina, after that time as I got the papers of Diesing, VU dekem, Claparéde and Ratzel. 24 OLIGOCHAETA. T. elongatus, dUdek. Corpus perquam longum, filiforme, seg- mentis constat circiter cel, quorum longitudo latitudinem vix superat. Extremitas cephalica attenuata; segmenta posteriora rugis transversis in annulos minores subdirisa. Cutis pellucida. Os inferum, subterminale. Oculi nulli — Fasciculi setarwn binarum-quinarum quatern’. Intestinamn simplex |direrticula salten imceonspicua|. Sanguis ruber. Vasa san- guifera ampla, Ramuli vasorum nulli, Long. etre. TO m. m. Syn. Tubifex elongatus, d’Udekem 1855 p. 544; 1859. Nais gigantea, Kessler p. 106 (?). *) Habitat: in limo ad jigna submersa, quorum in rimas fis- surasque irritatus sese retrahit. Liber in aqua pura asserva- tus in globulum sese contorquet. Aquarum dulcium, incola. -— Mantsala. T. [2] anneliatus, Kessler. Corpus cylindricum, seqgmentis circiter lx confectum prominulis, quorum unumgrodque intersectionibus profundis a proximis discretwm, m annulos 17 subdivisum, quorum quidem medius caeteribus latior magisque prominens. Corpus autem fere totum eadem latitudine gaudet, exceptis tantum sunvmis extremitatibus, quas versus paullulum decreseet, segmentisque X, XI et XII, im quibus apertuae genitales. Loi«s cephalicus a segmento buccali discretus, Setas brevis- simas legit Kessler in fasciculis binas, mterdum autem trimas. Segmenta X, XI et XII caeteris aliquanto crassiora; praeterea segmentum decimum subtus appendicibus 7) lanceolatis ornatwm, Color albido-cinercus. Long. 20 m, m., latit. 0,9. Syn. Stylodrvilus Heringianus, Claparede 1862 [?| Enchytraeus annellatus, Kessler 105, Limo inhabitantem in sinu Ladogae Sartanlaks invenit Laptschinski, sec. Kessler. bb. Fasciculi setarum setis subulatis 1. capillis instructi furcatas intermixtis. T. rivulorum, d’Udek. _ Huic speciei adscribo animal a Laptschinski in limo sinus Ladogae Sartanlaks inventum, Kessleroque allatum: Lobus cephalicus prominulo-conicus, a segmento buccali discretus. Os inferum. Corpus fere cylindricum, extremitates versus paullulum tantum attenuatun. Segmenta circiter xc, Oingulum crassum, seg- mentis quatuor, scilicet IX—XII, confectum. Segmenta IX et X subtus praeter fasciculos setarum, eosque imterpositum, par offerunt rerrucarum, *} Nota. Diagnosis Naidis giganteae Kesslero relata haec est: »Lo- bus cephalicus conicus,, segmento buccali continuus. Habitus corporis eidem Naidis papillosae, Kessler (= Tubifex Bomneti») assimilis. Oculinulli. Se- tae omnes bifurcatae. Segmentum buccale setis destitutum Fasciculi seta- rum quaterni setis gaudent in H. segmento octonis, II septenis, IV sextenis, V quinis, VI quaternis, viI—IX trinis, caeteribus in segmentis autem binis. Aperturae genitales in XI corporis segmento. Segmentorum numerus pro longitudine animalis varius. Individuum maximum longitudine gaudens m. m 65, latit. 2, segmenta obtulit ducentis plura. — Fragillimus est, ut inte- grum reperire animal facile nequeas». OLIGOCHAELA. 25 quarum in apice aperturac genttales. Fascicul’ supertores bint segment- orum II—IX capillos complectuntur ternos-quaternos setasque furcato- pectinatas [ad formam pectinis pedicellati] quinos 1. senos; fasciculi infervores quaterni im segmentis octo antertoribus setis gaudent ternis ; eaeter’. faseiculi et dorsales et ventrales binis tantum; capilli corporis diametro pares. Long. 28, latit. 0,6—0,8 m. m. Syn. Saenuris umbellifera, Kessler 107, T. longicauda, Kessler. Lobus cephalicus prominulo-conicus, su- pra segmento buceali continuus, Extremitas postica valde producta at- tenuataque. In anteriore corporis extremitate fasciculi dorsales capillos complectuntur longos setasque furcatas. Numerus setarum im singulis fasciculis retrorsum deerescit. Color albidus. Long. GO—75, latit. antice 0,3 m. m. Syn. - Saenuris longicauda, Kessler 107. Halitat ad hgna submersa. —- In rivulo Poventshanka legit Borsdinski, sec. Kessler. 5 ' T. Bonnetii, Clap. [?| 1. verrucosus. Corps totum verrucis mi- wins opacis densissime adspersum, ut interanea vix conspicere possts. Lobus cephalicus segmento buccali continwus, deorsum imcelinatus ; totus una cum seymento buccali retractilis, perparvus. Pars corporis ante cingulum idem versus aliquantun. inerescit, pone cingulum sensim at conspicue decrescit. [Cingulum X—XIV, XV; segmenta v vel vj com- plectitur.] Segmenta inter se longitudine inaequalia; media scilicet ante- rioribus, nec non postertoribus multo longiora; antica omntum brevis- sima; postica verrucis sparse obtecta, annulis quinis denis minoribus sub- divisa, Segmenta corports circiter lx [l. plura]. Oculi nulli. [ Aper- turarum genitalium in cingulo par vix conspicmun,] Fasciculi superiores bint capillos ternos senos setasque tntermixtas furcato-pectinatas gerunt ; mferiores autem bint setas furcatas ternas-quaternas quadranti long?- tudinis capillorum aequales; capilli corporis latitudine breviores ; setae furcato-pectinatae verrucis cutaneis parum longiora. Intestinum sim- plex; vasa aegre conspicua, sangus ruber, translucens animal reddit rosaceo-album. — Ad extremitatem posticam quorundam tndividuorum appendices observavi claviformes, pedicellatas. [Infusoria generis Vorti- cellina, sec. Kessler.] Long. 20--25, latit. 0,9 m. m. Syn. Tubifex Bonneti, Claparede 1862. Nais papillosa, Kessler 105. Habitat m limo ligna submersa obtegenti una cum Tubi- ficide elongato, eodem aliquanto frequentior. Aquarum dulcium incola. Anticam extremitatem e limo exsertam perpetuo motitat, irritatus autem subito retrahit. — Helsinge, Mantsila; La- doga (Kessler). Obs! There is no doubt about the Nais papillosa, Kessler, being quite corresponding to the species above. Kessler has likely omitted the short forked bristles, scarcely surpassing the cuticular warts; those bristles besides one does not see otherwise than at 600 times magnifying. For the rest the description given by K. is striking. 26 OLIGOCHAETA, If this species would not correspond to Tubifex Bonnetii, Clap., which, with regard to the succinct description given by this author, I am not able to decide, indeed the name »papil- losus» ought to have priority; but as I cannot confidently iden- tify this species with another marine one, described by Cla- parede 1863 (0. cit.) by name of Tubif. papillosus, I ie con- ditionally subjoined the name »verrucosus». Tubifex papillosus, Clap., probably is identical to Tubifex Benedii, d’Udek., except that the warts in the former stand close to each other, in the later thinly (Vide: the figures given by d’Udekem 1855 and the description given by Claparede). B. Setae uncinatae 1, furcatae; rami vasorum digitati |. pinnati. Lumbriculus, d’Udek. | Lumbricillus, Oersted| Yaseieulé setarwm setis furcatis, abbrevriatis ferme rectis; rami vasorum sacculis coecis contrac- tilibus terminati, corda vero nulla. L. variegatus, d Udek. et Ratzel. Lobus cephalicus segmento buccali continuus non prolongatus. Os dferwm, subterminale. Tractus imtesti- nalis oesophago constat (seyg. vij antica), intestine appendicibus pinnato (segg xlvj) partegre tndistincte pinnata (xxaxvy); anus terminalis. Vas dorsale ramulis dictincte tri — 1. quadripartitis; coeca lateralia tn seg- mentis XV — ultimo, minime cum vase ventralis anastomotica usque ad quina dena ex quoque latere; praeterea im quoque segmento ansa reperitur vasis dorsalis cum rentrali anastomotica ; coeca later alia im stratum in- testint glandulosunr penetrant. Oculi nulli. Cutis pellucida, exceptis tantum segmentis aliquot antertoribus (vj—x«) quorum strata externa pig- mento viridi impellucida reddita sunt. Cingulum nullum. Segmenta ac—cux, quorum latitudo longitudinem superas. Setre interdum imdi- stincte furcatae-subulatae. Long. crre. 30 m. m. Syn. Lumbricus variegatus, O. F. Miller I. II. 26; Linne 8. Nat XII. 3084. Lumbricus rivalis? Fabricius F. Groenl. Lumbriculus variegatus, Grube in Wi ae Archiv 1844 p. 210; it. Grube 10L et £44: d’Udekem 1859 p. 10; Claparede 1862; Ratzel 1868. TLumbriculus limosus, Leidy sec, d’Udekem 1859 p. 10. Habitat in aquis dulcibus, ubique haud frequens. — Abo, Helsingfors, Inga, Mantsala. Nota. Tubitficinorum in familiam, generi autem incerto refero Hnchytracum juliformem,Kessler p. 105: Corpus >regu- lariter cylindricum, segmentis constat circiter l, aegre conspi- cuis; setae apicem versus paullulum compressae, per paria dis- positae, in seriebus jv longitudinalibus. Aperturae genitales in XIV segmento. Long, 1012 m. m., latit. 0,6—0,7 m.m.» — OLIGOCHAETA. 27 Vermem hune invenit Laptshinski limo inhabitantem in sinu Ladogae Sartanlaks. Fam. ENCHYTRAEINA, d’Udek. Segmenta multa. Cutis miscu- losa, pellucida. Lobus cephalicus, labrum superius formans, segmento buccali continuus; os inmferum; tubus cibarius rectus, adest interdum dilatatio stomachalis. Apparatus circulationts simplicissimus; sanguis ineoloratus. Cingulum conspicuum (organa genitalia imeludens). Ovula magna; singula capsulis inclusa. Fasciculi setarum brevissimarum clavatarum quaternt. — Terrae humidae ineolae. Enchytraeus, Henle, unicum familiae genus. -Intestinum dilatatione stomachali destitutum; corpus cylin- dricum. E. galba, dUdekem (2?) Corpus postice aliquantulun, antrorsum parum attenuatum. cylindricum; seqg. la—laj; cutis subpellucida, Lobus cephalicus rotundatus, segmento buceali parum longior, bene terminatus. Orificium oris latum, totum fere marginem inferiorem segmenté bucealis oceupat. Segmentum anale postice attennatum, trauncatum, penultimo longius, non latius. Corpora perigastri (= Form-elemente der Korper- fliissigkert, Raixel: Lymphkiigelchen, Leydig) — — —? Setae reciae, divergentes; externae cujusque fasciculi maximae, intimae !) minim«ae ; in segmentis praecingularibus senae, octonae, octonae, senae; in segmentis vero postcingularibus quaternae, senae, senae, quaternae; im segmentisque aj ultimis ubique quaternae. Long. 13 m. m., latit, : long. = 5: 100. Habitat sub foliis madidis, nec non sub fucis ad littora maris; frequens. — Abo, Helsingfors. Obs.! There seems to prevail a very great confusion concerning the family of Enchytraeina, im as much as different authors have directed a peculiar attention to different organs and but very little taken notice of the alterations which depend on the development of those animals or on other circumstances. The »corpora perigastrii» for instance, I think, will vary very much, as for the more or less fine-granulous contents of them, before and after the animal has taken its food. The number of the spines also vary after age. — In Finland Enchytraeina are very common and occur almost every where amongst rot- ting leaves and wracks (Fucus) in the shores, as well as in the fields. — There are also specimens with spines of aequal length and lymphatic globules of almost round, flattened shape with very distinct kernel and numerous fine granules (EK. vermicu- laris, d’Udekem?). * Fam. Narra, d’Udek. Cutis pertenwts, pellucidus. Lobus cepha- licus segmento buccala continuus, saepe in labrum super WUS perquam longum protractus ; labrum autem superius interdum deest. Os terminale l. subterminale inferwn. Dilatatio stomachalis una 1. plures. Tubus x Maaco oF 28 ba re OLIGOCHAETA. cibarius rectus; anus terminalis, ciliis vibratilibus, interdum. (Dero) appendicibus branchialibus obsitum. Sanguis aut incoloratus, aut ruber rubicundusve. Setae*in fasciculis binis 1, quaternis; aut omnes fur- catae subulataere (capil), aut utrumque. Ovula magna, singula Cap- sulis imnelusa. A. Appendices anales hranchiales nullae; setae fasciculorum super- iorum subulatae (capilli), inferiorum. furcatae. Nais, Miiller. Os subterminale inferum. Tubus cibarius simplex. Crngulum nullim. : a. Lobus cephalicus in filum |. rostrum longum productus; ca- puli im segmentis vy anticis desunt. N. proboscidea,’ Mill. Segmenta corporis XXX—XXXV; caput corpore latius, Oculi duo. In quoque segmento fasciculi ventrales seta- rum j—v fureatarum quaternt, dorsales capillorum singulorum 1. bin- orum bint. Capilli setis ventralibus quadruplo longiores. Long. 8 m.m., 8 Syn. Nais. proboscidea, O. F.: Miiller J, Il. 21; Grube 147; @Udekem 1855 et 1859. Stylaria lacustris, G. Johnston 70. Aquarum dulcium nec non subsalinarum incola. — Abo, Helsingfors, Inga, Nadendal. 6, Lobus cephalicus obtusus. N. elinguis, Mull. Pone caput fasciae transversae nullae. Capilli bint. Oculi duo. Setarum ratio longitudoque animaleuli acque ut Nat- dis proboscideae. Syn. Nais elinguis, O, F. Muller I. II. 22; Grube 147; d’Udekem 1855 et 1859. Aquarum dulecium incola. —— Helsingfors, Nadendal. B. Appendices anales nullae; setae superiores nullae; mnferiores om- nes rectae {indistincte furcatae ?}. Cingulum conspicuum, Clitellio, Grube. Setae veetae subulatae in fasciculis ventralibus quaternis. C. minutus, Grube (p. 147 ?). Cutis pellucida. Lobus cephalicus continuus (2) parvus; os tnferum subterminale. Tractus cibarius sim- plex, distincte in partes je divisus, seilicet: pharynx (I—VT), oesophagus (VII_XITT), saccus oecophago amplior (segm. XV) et intestinum (XVI —XLIT) anplitudine oesophago par; anus terminalis. In segmento X1 cingulum album, twmidwmn, amplitudine cactera segmenta superans, lony?- tudine segmentis v 1. vj aequale. Setae singulae senae. Ocule nulla. Die y ante nonas Octobris anno MDCCCLYTX in rivulo prope Helsingfors individuum wunicum legi jongitudimis milli- metrorum cireiter vij. Sa ee