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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
LIBRARY
OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Ó,
NOTES
FROM THE
LEYDEN MUSEUM
FOUNDED BY THE LATE
Prof. H. SCHLEGEL,
CONTINUED BY
Dr. I^\ A. JEJSTTINK,
Director of the Museum.
VOL. XXI.
LATE E. J. BRILL
PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS.
j^ -— LEYDEN. — 1899/1900. n
HST o T E S
FROM THE
XjEYDEJS^ M^TJöBXJlNd:.
NOTES
FROM THE
LEYDEN MUSEUM
T'OUNDED BY THE LATE
Prof. H. SCHLEGEL,
CONTINUED BY
JJt. j<\ J^. JENTINK,
Director of the Museum.
VOL. XXI.
LATE E. J. BRILL
PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS.
LEYDEN. — 1899/1900.
BOBKDBUKKEfiiJ voorheen e, j. bbill, leiden.
CONTENTS OF VOL. XXI.
Page
Das Genus Gracula Linn, und seine Arten, nebst Beschreibung einer neuen
Art. Von Dr. O. Finsch. — Tafel 1 und 2 1.
Ueber die Arten der Gattung Theristicus Wagl. Von Dr. O. FiNSCH ... 23.
Zoological results of the Dutch Scientific Expedition to Central Borneo. —
The Birds. By !)r. J. Biittikofer. — Plates 13—15 145.
INSECT A.
Coleoptera.
Neue Paussiden, mit einem biologischen Nachtrag. Von E. Wasmann S. J. —
Tafel 3 und 4 33.
CRUSXA.CE A.
Zoological results of the Dutch Scientific Expedition to Central Borneo. — The Crustaceans. By Dr. J. G. de Man. — Part. II. Brachyura. ~ Plates 5—12 53.
MIOLLXJSCA.
On a new variety of Lepfopoma manadense Pfr. By M. M. Schepman . . 31.
vkiim:es.
Descriptions of Earthworms. By Dr. R. Horst. — X. On a Benhamia- species from Paramaribo. (With figures) 27.
Vol. XXr was issued in parts in the following order:
Nos l_3. _ December 1899, Note 1— VI. N° 4. — March 1900, Note VII.
List of Works published by E. J. BRILL, Leyden.
ArcMv (NiederlandiSChes) fur Zoölogie, herausgegeben von Prof. Emil Selenica u. fortgesetzt von Prof. C. K. Hoffmann. 1871 —82. Band I— V. 8° f 58.—
Supplementband 1. 1881—1882. m. 1 Karte und 23 Taf. f 20.—
(Enthaltend die zoologischen Ers^ebnisse der in den Jaliren 187S und 79 mit Schoner "Willem Barents" unternommenen arktisclien Fahrten).
Blaauw (P. E.), A Monograph of the Cranes. Large folio. 1897. "With coloured plates, put on stone by Keulemans from original watercolour sketches drawn from life by Leutemann and Keule- mans ƒ75.—
BoUWStoffGD. voor eene fauna van Nederland, onder medewerking van onderscheidene geleerden en beoefenaars der dierkunde, bijeen- verz. door J. A. Herklots. 3 dln. 1851—66. 8° f 18.70
Max Weber, Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Band I— III. Band lY, Heft 1 f 84.—
Museuni d'histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Eevue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans eet établissement, par H, Schle- gel. vol. I— VIII. 8° ƒ33.25
F. A. Jentink, Table alphabétique. 1881 ƒ4.—
Vol. IX : Catalogue ostéologique des Mammifères. ƒ 9.50
Vol. X, 2e partie: Catalogue ostéologique des Poissons,
Reptiles et Amphibies par Tti. W. van Lidth de Jeude. 1898. 8°. ƒ 1.75
Vol. XI: Catalogue systématique des Mammifères (Sin- ges, Carnivores, Ruminants, Pachydermes, Sirenes et Cétacés). ƒ 3.50
Vol. XII : Catalogue systématique des Mammifères
(Rongeurs, Insectivores, Cheiroptères, Edentés et Marsupiaux). ƒ4.50
Vol. XIII: Catalogue systématique des Mollusques,
par R. Horst et M. M. Schepman. 1894, 99. 2 pts. . . . ƒ5.50
Vol. XIV : Catalogue systématique de la collection d'oi-
seaux de feu Mr. J. P. van Wickevoort Crümmelin, par F. A. Jentink. 1894. 8° ƒ1.50
Notes from the Leyden Museum, ed. by H. Schlegel a. F. A. Jen- tink. Vol. I— VIII. 1879—86. 8° per vol. ƒ 5.—
Vol. IX— XXI. 1887—99. 8° per vol. f 7.50
Piaget (Dr. E.), Les Pédiculines. Essai monographique, 2 vol. 1880. vol. I: texte, vol. II: planches, gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ60,—
Supplément. 1885. gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ 18. —
Schlegel (H.)» Monographie des Singes. 1876. 8° ƒ 4.75
Oiseaux des Indes Néerl., décrits et fig. (ƒ34,80) gr. in- 4°. ƒ 25.—
Snellen (P. C T.)» De vlinders van Nederland ,_ Microlepidoptera, systematisch beschreven. 2 dhi. 1882. gr. 8°. Met 14 pi. . ƒ15,—
PRINTED BY E. J. BRILL, LEYDEN.
NOTES
FROM THE
LEYDEN MUSEUM
EDITED
BY
Dr. r. A. JENTINK, j
Director of the Museum. i \\
VOL.. XXI.
N««. I— III. January- July 1899.
BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ
VOOKHKEN
E. J. BRILI.
, LEIDEN.
Published December 1899.
LIST OF CONTENTS. Part 1— III. — 1899.
Page Note I. Das Genus Gracula Linn, und seine Arten nebst Beschreibung einer
neuen Art. Von Dr. O. Finsch. — Tafel ] und 2 1.
]N"ote II. Ueber die Arten der Gattung Theristicus Wagl. Von Dr. 0. Finsch. 23 ]S"ote III, Descriptions of Earthworms. By Dr. R. Horst. — X. On a
5e«/^«»zJa-species from Paramaribo. (With figures) 27.
Note I'V. On a new variety of Leplopoma manadense Pfr. By M. M. Schepman. 31 . Note "V. Neue Paussiden mit einem biologischen Nacbtrag. Von E. Wassiann
S.J. — Tafel 3 und 4 • 33
Note VI. Zoological results of the Dutch Scientific Expedition to Central
Borneo. — The Crustaceans. By Dr. J. G. de Man — Part. II. Brachyura.
— Plates 5—12 53
MAR 16 1900
DAS GENUS GRACULA UND SEINE ARTEN.
NOTE I.
DAS GENUS GRACULA LINN. ') UND SEINE ARTEN NEBST BESCHREIBUNG EINER NEUEN ART
Dr. O. FINSCH.
(Tafel 1 unci 2).
Das hervorragendste Kennzeicheu der Arten dieser Gattung bilden zwei unterhalb des Hinterkopfes entspringende, horizontal hervorstehende, blattförmige, lleischige Nacken- lappen , deren Form und Grosse am besten durch die bei- gegebenen Abbildungen veranschaulicht wird, soweit dies nach ausgestopften Exemplaren oder Balgen möglich ist. Dasselbe gilt in Bezug auf den nackten Fleck unter dem Auge , der durch die Art der Preparation haufig verzerrt und verschoben wird , so dass sich die ursprüngliche Form dieses Hautfleckes, sowie die Ausdehnung des hinter deui- selben sich anschliessenden Federfeldes nicht immer so getreu wiedergeben lasst als nach dem Leben. Der nackte Haut- fleck unter dem Auge fehlt übrigens bei einer Art [ptilo- genys^ N". 10) ganz. Bei jungen Vögeln sind die Nacken- lappen mehr oder minder rudimentar, zuweilen nur eine Hautfalte (s. Fig. A) und selbst diese fehlt sogar an einem
1) Siehe Salvador! (Annali del Mus. Civ. di Genova, 1893, p. 137, Note) der nacliweist, dass Linnés Gattung -Gracula", trotz der verschiedendsten unter diesem Namen eingereihten Arten (die ganz anderen Genera angehören), auf G. religiosa begründet wurde und deshalb erhalten bleiben muss. Uebrigens giebt auch Wagler (Syst. av. 1827) eine trefiiiche Beschreibung des Genus Gracula (Typus mG. religiosa Wagl." = javanensis Osbeck).
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
1
'2 DAS GENUS GRACULA
alten Vogel unseres Museums ganzlich (s. G. javanensis , M. S. Cat. N^ 38).
Die Nackeulappen, wie der nackte Fleck unter dem Auge, Schnabel und Füsse, sind iin Lebeo sehr lebhaft (gelb, orange bis rotb) gefarbt. Icli verzicbte aber die hierauf bezüglicben Notizeu wiederzugeben, weil dieselben zu zahl- reich sind , sich überdies zuweilen wiedersprechen und ver- weise auf die von Schlegel gegebene gute Farbentafel (Nederl. Tijdschr. voor de Dierk. I, 1863, PI. I).
Der Leibesgestalt nach sind die Lappenatzeln ') kurze, gedrungene, dicke Vogel, die unter der Staarenfamilie mit zu den grössten geboren , und sich durch das einfarbig schwarze Gefieder mit lebhaft purpurviolettem oder stahl- grünem Metalschimmer kennzeichnen, das nur durch einen weisseu Flügelspiegel (meist auf den Handschwingen) un- terbrochen wird.
Die Form des sehr kraftigen Schnabels ist aus den beige- gebeneu Abbildungen ersichtlich , welche zugleich die kleinen rundlicheu , freisteheuden Nasenlöcher zeigen.
Die Flügel sind lang , spitz und decken den Schwanz bis über die Halfte oder nahezu auf Zweidrittel. Die Flügel- spitze ist massig lang und betragt meist etwas weniger als ^4 der ganzen Flügellange. Handschwingen sind 10, Arm- schwingen 8 bis 9 vorhandeu (je nachdem man die letzte kleinste mitrechuet, was bei Balgen und ohne Gefahrdung derselben sich ohnehin schwer genau feststellen lasst). Be- merkenswerth für die Flügelbildung ist die Verschmalerung der zweiteu Schwinge an der Innenfahne fast von der Mitte an, und die, wie bei allen staarartigen Vögeln, rudimen- tare erste Schwinge, welche nur wenig langer ist als die oberen Deckfedern der Handschwingen und wegen ihrer Kleinheit leicht übersehen werden kann. Die Lange der ersten rudimentareu Schwinge variirt bei 30 Exemplaren
1) In Indien heissen diese Vögcl meist: «Myna, Mino oder Maina", ein Name der auch auf andere staarartige Vogel der Gattung Acridot/ieres ange- wendet wird, der malayische Name ist »Tjiong"; .Beo" ist der Battaname für G. javanetisis.
Notes from tlie Leyden. Museum, Vol. XXI.
UND SEINE ARTEN. Ó
von G. javanensis von 25 — 35 ram. uud ist bei G. religiosa am kleinsten (15 — 20 ram.).
Ueber das Verhaltniss der laugsten Schwingen lasst sich kaum eine allgemein guitige Formel aufstellen , da indivi- duell bei ein uud derselbeu Art erhebliche Abweichuugen vorkommen , wie dies bei so vielen Vögeln der Fall ist.
Die Untersuchung von '60 G. javanensis mit vollkommen entwickelten Schwingen ergab folgeude Verhaltnisse :
1 Exempl. : 6*^ Schwiuge die langste ; 5 u. 4 wenig kürzer, 2^6.
|
2 |
» |
5 |
|
3 |
» |
3 |
|
5 |
n |
4 |
|
6 |
V |
4u.5 |
|
5 |
» |
3—5 |
|
8 |
■rt |
3u.4 |
|
4u.6 |
V |
» |
|
|
2u.4 |
» |
1» |
|
|
3u.5 |
» |
V |
2=6. |
|
3u.6 |
» |
» |
2=:7. |
|
2u.6 |
» |
V |
|
|
2u.4 |
tl |
» |
Die letztere Formel is daher am haufigsten vertreten , auch bei den übrigen untersuchten KYten: religiosa, venerata (hier auch 6 u. 3 — 6), intermedia, ptilogenys. Bei G. ro- busta fand ich dagegen vorherrschend die 4 u. 5 Schwinge am langsten (3 und 6 kaum kürzer ; 2 =: 7), bei G. batuensis meist die 4te; (3 u. 5*^ wenig kürzer, 2te = 6ten).
Der Schwanz ist kurz (stets kürzer als die Halfte der Flügellange), am Ende gerade oder sehr wenig gerundet und besteht aus 12 brei ten , am Ende abgestutzten Federn, die von den breiten Deckfedern mehr als über die Halfte bedeckt werden.
Die Füsse sind sehr kraftig, der Lauf ist ungefahr so lang oder etwas langer als die Mundspalte oder die Mittel- zehe mit Nagel und vorn mit sechs Schildern bekleidet; die Zehen sind mit stark gekrüramten scharfen Krallen bewehrt , unter denen die der Hinterzehe am grössten ist.
Die Verbreitung der Lappenatzeln erstreckt sich über Vorder- und Hinterindien nördlich vom Himalaya, südlich bis auf Ceylon , die Andamanen , Nicobaren und Malacca, östlich bis in's westliche China, über die grossen Sunda-
Notes from the Leyden Mu«»eum, Vol. X.Ji.1.
.4 DAS GENUS GRACULA
iuselu , östlich bis auf die lusel Palawan, südlich auf einige zwischen Java und Timor gelegene Insein , von denen A.lor die südöstlicliste Grenze der Verbreitung bildet. (Siehe N". 2, G. venerata). Auf Timor selbst, Celebes und den Philip- piuen fehlen Lappenatzelu und sind (mit Ausnahme der ersteren Insel) durch verwaudte Gattungen {Basileornis ^ Sarcops) vertreten , ebenso auf Neu Guinea und einigen benachbarten Insein (durch die Gattungen Mino und Me- lanopyrrhus).
Bezüglich des Artenwerthes sind, wie fast stets in dieser Wissenschaft, die Ansichten der Forscher sehr verschieden. Schlegel characterisirte 1863 ') sieben Arten (da seine Gra- cula Dumonti (Less.) zum Genus Mino Less, gehort), Sharpe beschreibt im » Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum" (vol. XIII, 1890, p. 98 — 110) 5 Species und 3 Subspecies, ausserdem 4 dem British Museum fehlende Arten , im Ganzen also 12 verschiedeue Formen. Seitdem sind zwei weitere hinzugekommen, so dass im Nachfolgenden 14 Arten cha- racterisirt werden , von denen nur 2 meiner autoptischen Untersuchung entgingen.
Ueber Lebensweise, Nestbau (stets in Baumhöhlen) und Eier besitzen wir von den indischen Arten eingehendere Kunde, wahrend über die der Sundaiuseln nur sparliche Notizen vorliegen. Das Gefangenleben schildert Brehm am besten (»Gefangene Vogel" 2te Band 2), 1876, S. 563 und 564).
1. Gracula religiosa L.
Taf. 1, Fig. 1 (Kopf) und 2 (Nackenlappen).
Schleg. Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. (Amsterdam) I, 1863, p. 3, PI. I, Fig. 1 (Kopf).
1) «Bijdrage tot de kennis van het geslacht Beo {Gracula)" in: Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Zoologisch Ge- nootschap Natura Artis Magistra te Amsterdam. Eerste Jaargang, 1863, p. 1-9, PI. I.
2) Ich habe hier 8 Arten Lappenatzelu beschrieben, die anderen unter „Eulabes" beschriebenen 4 Arten gehören verschiedenen Genera an.
Notes from the Leyden Museum , Vol. X.XI.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 5
Eulabes relir/iosa Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, I, 1889, p. 51 1 (Kopf). Mainatus religiosus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 99 (p. 100, Fig. des Kopfes von oben).
Ausgezeichnet durch die Nackenlappen , deren Basis jeder- seits in einen nackteu Hautstreif auslauft, von denen der untere sich bis zum hinteren Augenrande zieht, wahrend der obere, am Innenrande als gezackter, niedriger Kamm, bis zur Mitte des Hinterkopfes lauft. Die beiden Hautstreifen begrenzen daher an jeder Seite des Hinterkopfes ein lang- lich hufeiseuförmiges Federfeld (s. Fig. 2).
Farbung schwarz mit metallischgrünem Metalschimmer ; auf Hinterhals, dem oberen Mantel und der Brust mit purpurviolettem Schein ; 2te bis S^e Schwinge mit weissem Spiegel (auf der sechsten bis siebenten 20 bis 25 mm. breit) ; auf der ersten nur auf der Innenfahne, auf der 7ten oder Sten meist nur auf der Aussenfahne; ein Exemplar zeigt auf der neunten Schwinge einen kleinen weissen Schaftfleck (M. S. Cat. N». 3 , Ceylon). — Beide Geschlechter sind in Far- bung und Ausdehnung und Form der Nackttheile ganz gleich. Junge duster gefarbt; Nackenlappen sehr klein, fast fehlend.
Kleinste Art:
Al. culm.
134—142 mm. 21—25 mm.
Süd-Indien und Ceylon. lm Leidener Museum 5 Exemplare, darunter von Ceylon dnrch Diard (1859).
Ueber Lebens- und Nistweise vergl. : Jerdon, B. of Ind. II, 1863, p. 338. — Legge, Birds of Ceylon, II, 1880, p. 683. — Oates , Fauna of Brit. Ind. Birds, vol. I, p. 509 und 511.
2. Gracula venerata (Temm.).
Schleg. Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. (Amsterdam) I, 1863, p. 4,
PI. I, Fig. 2 (Kopf). Mainatus veneratus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 101. Eulabes veneratus Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1896, p. 568 (Sumbawa),
id. 1897, p. 522 (Floras) ynd 1898, p. 457 (Alor und Pantar).
Notes from the Leyden JMuseuua, Vol. XXI.
6 DAS GENUS GRACULA
ScboD durcli die Farbung von allen übrigen Arten ge- uügeud unterscbieden ; das ganze Gefieder ist namlich dunkel metalliscbgrüu glanzend uud zeigt nur auf der Keble eineu purpurvioletten Scbein. Zweite bis 7^^ oder 8te Scbwinge mit weissem Spiegel (auf der zweiten nur auf der Innen- fabue, auf der acbten meist uur auf der Aussenfabne) der auf der fünften oder sechsten 20 — 28 mm. breit ist. Zuweilen zeigt die acbte Scbwinge nur einen kleinen weissen Fleck auf der Aussenfabne; ein Exemplar (M. S. Cat. N". 6, Flores) einen solchen aucb auf der neunten Scbwinge.
Die Anordnung der Nackttbeile ist wie bei G. religiosa (s. Fig. 1 und 2), indeui der nackte Hautstreif, welcber sicb bis zur Mitte des Hinterkopfes binziebt, ebenfalls am Innenrande einen aufrecbtstebenden (bis 5 mm. bohen) Kamm bildet, aber die Nackenlappen zeicbnen sicb durcb die bedeutende Grosse aus (bis 25 mm. lang und 30 mm. breit) und stossen an der inneren Basis zuweilen zusammen.
Alte Vogel stimmen in beiden Gescblecbtern durcbaus überein (aucb in der Grosse der Nackenlappen) ; Junge siud matter gefarbt und besitzen nur ganz kleine Nacken- lappen (M. S. Cat. N°. 2 nur 4 mm. lang) oder dieselben feblen ganz (Hartert) ; der weisse Spiegel zeigt dieselbe Ausdebnung als bei alten Vögeln.
Ansebnlich gross:
Al. culm.
166 — 172 mm. 31—33 mm.
Insein zwiscben Bali^) und Timor und zwar bis jetzt auf den folgenden nacbgewiesen: Sumbawa (Dr. Forsten 1842, v. Lansberge 1882: Leid. Mus.; Doberty 1896); Flores (Semmelink 1863, Dr. ten Kate 1891: Leid. Mus.; Everett 1897); Pan tar und A lor (Everett).
Lebens- und Nistweise nocb uubekannt.
1) Hier ist durch Doherty Gr. javanvnsis nacbgewiesen worden, der dagegen von Lombok, Satonda und Sumba keine Gracula einsandte (s Novit. Zool. 1896), ebensowenig als Schiidler solche von Wetter oder Kisser. Auf Timor sicher fehlend.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX.I.
UNI) SEINE ARTEN. /
3. Gracida Javanetisis (Osbeck) 1757, (nee Hume). Taf. 1, Fig. 3, 4(Kopf, altu. jung), 5 — 8 (Nackenlappen).
Gracula religiosa Wagl. (nee L.), Syst. ay. 1827.
Gracula j'avanensis Schleg. Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. (Amsterdam),
I, 1863, p. 5, PI. I, Fig. 3 (Kopf ad nat.). Eulabes intermedia A. Muller (nee A. Hay), Ornis Salanga, 1882,
p. 36. Eulabes j'avanensis Oatea, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, I, p. 512 (Kopf). Mainatus javanensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 102
(ohne Subspec. « p. 104). Eulabes javanensis (Osb.) typicus Hartert, Nov. Zool. Ill, 1896,
p. 547 (Bali).
Die Nackenlappeu siud an der iunern Basis (auf der Mitte des Hiuterkopfes) meist durch einen schraaleu Feder- streif geschieden ; die seitliche Basis zieht sich als schmaler Hautstreif bis fast zum oberen Augenrande bin.
Die beigegebenen Abbildungen (Fig. 5 — 7, Taf. 1) werden die erheblichen Abweichungen in der Grosse und Form der Nackenlappen besser zum Verstaudniss bringen als lange Beschreibuugen , indem sie aus einer Reihe von nabezu 50 alten Vögeln unseres Museums , die am meisten abwei- ch enden Exeraplare darstellen. Die Lange der Nackenlappen variirt, unabhaugig vom Geschlecht, wohl aber nach dem Alter, von 10 — 26 mm., die Breite von 13 — 18 mm., zeigt also in den Regel die Form eines mehr langen als breiten Blattes, wie dies Fig. 6 darstellt , die zugleich auch die vorherrschende Grosse zeigt. Der schmale Federstreif, welcher den inneren Basisrand der beiden Nackenlappen trennt, ist meist so schmal wie auf dieser Figur (6), zuweilen aber auch bis 10 mm. breit, also noch breiter als auf Fig. 7. Bei sehr alten Exemplaren berühren sich die Nackenlappen an der inneren Basis zuweilen (von 50 Exemplaren aber nur 15) oder sind hier selbst (ca. 4 ram. laug) miteinander verwachsen (wie Fig. 5), eiue Eigenthümlichkeit welche ich aber unter 50 Exemplaren nur an zweien fand.
Der nackte Fleck unter dem Auge variirt ebenfalls er-
Notes from tlie Ley den Museum, "Vol. XJtI.
8 DAS GENUS GRACULA
heblicb (s. Fig. 3 und 4) und seine Grosse , wie die Aus- debnuDg des dazwischenliegenden Federstreifs werden bei Balgen sebr durcb die Art und Weise der Praparation be- einflusst.
In Bezug auf die Ausdehnung des weisseu Flügelspiegels ist nach der von mir untersucbten Reibe von 52 Exem- plaren das Folgende zu bemerken. In der Regel bescbrankt sich der weisse Spiegel auf die 2*^ bis 7*^ Schwinge (und zwar auf der zweiten stets nur auf die Innenfahne); 11 Exemplare baben aber auch auf der Si^en gcbwinge einen weissen Fleck , der aber nur bei einem Exemplare über beide Falinen lauft, bei den übrigen dagegen nur auf die Aussenfabne bescbrankt bleibt. Ein einziges Exemplar (M. S. Cat. N". 20 von Banka) zeigt aucb auf der Qt^n Scbwinge einen kleinen weissen Scbaftfleck. Die Brei te des weissen Fleckes auf der Aussenfabne der ö^en Scbwinge variirt in der Regel von 19 — 28 mm., nur drei Exemplare (M. S. Cat. N°. 28, 30 und 34: Padang) zeigen diesen Fleck nur 15 — 17 mm. breit, wahrend er bei einem Exemplare (M. S. Cat. N". 13: Borneo) sich auf 31 mm. ausdebnt.
lm Uebrigen ist die Farbung alter Vogel scbwarz rait lebbaft purpurviolettem Metallscbeine , der auf dem Bürzel, oberen Scbwanzdecken, Kopf, Bauch und den unteren Scbwanzdecken durcb einen dunkel stahlgrüuen Metallscbein ersetzt wird. Dieser grüne Schein ist zuweilen nur scbwacb angedeutet und ziebt mebr oder minder ins Purpurviolette, ja, drei Exemplare (M.S. Cat. N". 7 und 13: Borneo und N". 37: Malacca) zeigen auch auf Bürzel und den oberen Scbwanzdecken den purpurvioletten Schein fast so lebhaft als auf dem Mantel.
Junge Vogel siud mattschwarz gefarbt, namentlich auf der ünterseite; die Federn auf Kinn und Kehle sind kurz und zeigen hie und da die weisse Basis ; der weisse Flügelspiegel ist ebenso breit als bei alten Vögeln. Junge Vogel zeigen zuweilen die ausserste Schnabelspitze dunkel- braun oder braunlich getrübt und stets rudimentare (nur 4 — 5 mm. lange) Nackeulappen , die zuweilen nur eine
Notes froin the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 9
Hautfalte bilden (s. Fig. 4). Junge Vogel in dem matt- schwarzeu Kleide und ohue Nackenlappen zeigen zuweilen die Plügel glanzend schwarz, die Oberseite mit purpur- violettem Scheine oder bie und da bereits einzelne metal- liscbglauzende (neue) Federn. Solcbe junge Vogel sind meist bereits so gross als alte, welcbe nacb unseren Keihen fol- gende Grössenunterscbiede zeigen :
Al. culm.
173 — 185 mm. 23—30 mm. alt Java 6 Exempl.
162 „ 26 „ jung „ 1 „
170—188 „ 23—28 „ alt Borneo 14
170 „ 27 „ jung „ 1
176—180 „ 25—27 „ alt Billiton 3 „
176 „ 25 , jung „ 1 ,
175—188 „ 25—27 „ alt Banka 7
170 „ 25 „ jung „ 1
168—185 „ 24—28 „ alt Sumatra 12 „
178 „ 26 „ jung „ 1
162 „ 24 „ alt Salanga 1 „
Das letztere Exemplar von Salanga hat den Flügel auf- fallend kurz ^), aber drei alte Exemplare von Sumatra sind fast ebenso kurzflügelig (M.S. Cat. N». 30: Padang: 163 mm. ; N". 34: Padang: 165 mm.; N". 35: Deli : 163 mm.) und als Ausnahmen zu betrachten.
Die von mir notirten Verschiedenheiten in Farbung, Ausdehuung der Nackenlappen und Grosse sind unabhangig von den Localitaten, von welchen folgende in den Reihen unseres Museums vertreten sind: Java [Ost: Berg Kawi, Passaruan; West: Djassinga (S. Muller 1827), Gadok (Bernstein 1859), Berg Salak u. Preanger (Vorderman 1896)]; Borneo [Süden : Banjermassing (Schwaner 1843), Marta- pura (Croockewit 1852), Pleyhari (Semmeliuk 1866); Central : Obere Kapuas, Berg Keuepai (Büttikofer 1894); West: Pontianak (Moret 1894); Nord : Baram (Hose 1893)];
1) Dr. Muller notirt f ür 5 Salanga Exemplare folgende Maasse: «al. 150 — 170; culm. 22 Vï — 27 mm." (Ornis Salanga, p. 39).
Notes from the Ley den ]Museum, Vol. XXI.
10 DAS GENUS GHACULA
Billiton (Vorderraan 1896); Ban ka (v. d. Bossche 1861, Vosraaer 1873); Sumatra [Südost: Palembaug (Schuylen- burg 1888); Südwest: Indrapura (S. Muller 1835), Padang und Hochlande (Sumatra Expedition 1878, Klaesi 1884); Nordost: Deli (Hagen 1884) ] ; Insel Sal an ga, W. Kuste vou Malacca (Opt. Weber 1880) und Malacca (Deyrolle, Paris 1867).
Die weitere Verbreitung von G. javanensis erstreckt sich über Malacca, Perak, uördlich bis Süd-ïenasserim, südlich bis auf die Insel Bali (Doherty). Durch Vorderman auch auf der kleinen Insel Mendanau , zwiscben Banka und Bil- liton nacbgewiesen , aber nicht von den Java uaheliegendeu Insein Kangean , Bawean und Noordvs^achter notirt.
Ueber das Freileben dieser auf den Sunda-Inseln so haufigen Art liegen nur sehr spiirliche Beobachtungen vor. Dr. Hagen giebt einige kurze Notizen über Lebens- und Nistweise auf Sumatra ^) , berichtet aber sehr anziehend über das Gefangenleben und hauptsachlich über die Leich- tigkeit, mit welcher dieser Vogel menschliche Worte nach- zusprechen lernt.
Sehr abweichend ist Graculajavanensis M..S.Ca,t.^*'. dS: altes Mannchen (Kafigvogel aus dam Zoolog. Gar- ten in Rotterdam 1881) durch den ganzlichen Man- gel von Nacken lappen.
Das Exemplar zeigt nur jederseits am Hinterkopfe einen 8 mm. breiten nackten Hautstreif, der sich, seitlich ver- schmalert bis nahe zum oberen Augenrande fortsetzt. Auf der Mitte des Hinterkopfes laufen die beiden nackten Haut- streifen ineinander, weil hier die Federn ausgegangen sind. Der nackte Fleck uu ter dem Auge, wie die Farbung des Gefieders (mit lebhaftem Metallschiramer) stimmen durch- aus mit alten Vogel n vou G. javanensis überein. Der weisse Flügelspiegel bedeckt die zweite bis achte Schwinge
1) «Die Thier- umi Pflanzenwelt von Deli, uut' der Ostkiiste Sumatras" in: «Tijdschr. vaa het kouiiikl. Nederl. aardrijkskuudij; Genootschaj), 1890, p. 153 und 154" (Separat).
Notes from the Leyden M.U!seuni, Vol. XXI.
UNI) SEINE ARTEN. H
(hier beide Fahnen) und ist auf der sechsten 25 rain, breit. Al. 176 mm. culm. 24 mm.
Das ganzliche Febleu von Nackenlappen , die selbst junge G. Javanensis weuigstens durcb eine Hautfalte bereits andeuten, ist bei diesem alten Mauncben jedenfalls sehr auffallend, wabrscbeinlicb aber auf zurückgebliebene Ent- wickelung in Folge Gefangenschaft von friihester Jugend an zurückzuführen. Wenigstens wage ich es nicht das Exemplar als neue Art einzuführen.
4. Gracula enganensis Salvad. Annal. del Mus. Civ. di Genova, serie 2, vol. XII, 1892, p. 137.
Durchaus wie G. javanensis, aber der nackte Haut- streif , welcher die seitliche Basis der Nackenlappen bildet, zieht sich nicht bis zum oberen Rande des Auges und ist durch einen viel breiteren Federstreif von dem schmalen nackten Hautstreif uuter dem Auge getrennt.
Die Nackttheile stimmen daher gauz mit denen von G. robusta und G. batuensis überein (Taf. 2, Fig. 9 und 12), aber die Nackenlappen (16 mm. lang und 18 mm. breit) sind an der Basis nicht miteinander verwachsen, son- dern berühren sich nur, wie dies bei G. javanensis auch vorkommt.
Der weisse Spiegel findet sich auf der 2ten bis lOten Schwinge, auf der zweiten nur an der Innenfahne, auf der zehnten nur als Schaf tfleck auf der Aussenfahne und ist auf der siebenten 30 mm. breit.
Al. culm.
175 mm. 25 mm. cT- 170—180 „ 30 „ „ (Salvadori 13 Expl.).
Die Art ist also nicht » kleiner als G. javanensis'\ wie Salvadori angiebt, da manche Exemplare von letzterer Art ganz gieiche Maassverhiiltnisse besitzen , aber betrachtlich kleiner als G. robusta und G. batuensis.
Notes from the Leyden. M.useuixi , Vol. XLXI.
12 DAS GENHS QRACULA
lusel Eugano, uahe der Südwestküste von Sumatra (Coll. Dr. Modigliani 1891).
Durch gütige Vermittelung meines Freundes Dr. Salvador! erwarb das Reichsrauseum eins der typisehen Exemplars ((ƒ ad.) in Tausch.
5. Gracula rohusta Salvad.
Taf. 2, Fig. 9 (Kopf), 10 und 11 (Nackenlappen).
Gracula rohusta Salvad. Annali del Mus. Civ. di Genova, vol. IV,
1887, p. 554, Tav. IX, fig. 2. Mainatiis intermedins (Hay) Subsp. /3 ili. ?'0&us<w>s (Salvad.) Sharpe,
Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 109. Mainatiis robustus Oustalet, Buil. de la Soc. philom. de Paris,
Tom. IV, N°. 3, 1892, p. 116. - Büttik. N. L. M. XVIII,
1896, p. 184.
Durch bedentende Grosse, den breiten weissen Flügel- spiegel und die weissen Schaftflecke der Armschwiugen leicht kenntlich.
Salvadori hat (1. c.) in Wort und Bild eine so treffliche Darstellung dieser ausgezeichneten Art gegeben , dass selbst der Mangel an Exemplaren kaum zu entschuldigen vermag wenn Sharpe dieselbe nur als eine Subspecies, und noch dazu von G. intermedia Hay, betrachten zu mussen glaubte, ein Irrthum der durch Oustalet (1. c.) bereits genügend klargestellt wurde, Nach sechs mir vorliegenden Exemplaren von Nias (Coll. Kannegieter 1895, s. Büttik. 1. c.) kann ich die von den beiden genannten Forschern augegebenen Artenkennzeichen nur bestatigeu.
Unter allen Gracula- h.rien ist diese am grössten : Al. culm.
200—213 mm. 31—34 mm.
Die Nackenlappen sind breiter als lang, wie Fig. 10 und 11 (Taf. 2) zeigen, und zwar den grössten und kleinsten zweier alten Weibchen (M. S. Cat, N^ 2 und 3), welche übrigens in Grosse und Form ganz mit solchen von Manuchen über- einstimmen. Bei zwei Exemplaren setzt sich die Befiederung
Notes from the Leyclen Museum, Vol. XX.I.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 13
der Mittellinie des Kopfes bis auf den Nackenlappen fort, wodureh es den Anscheiu gewinnt als seien die Nacken- lappen durch einen Federstreif getrennt (wie bei G.javanensis). Eine genauere Untersuchung überzeugt aber bald, dass die Nackenlappen an der Basis stets verwachsen sind, wie dies auch die Figur im Hintergruude (auf Tav. IX bei Salvadori) zeigt. Die seitliche Basis der in einen schmalen Hautstreif auslaufeuden Nackenlappen zieht sich nicht wie bei G. javanensis bis zur Höhe des hinteren Augenrandes , sondern nur bis oberhalb der Ohrgegend. Bei unseren Exemplaren lauft die seitliche Basis der Nackenlappen übrigens nicht nahezu mit dem nackten Flecke unter den Augen zusammen, wie dies Salvadori's Abbildung zeigt, sondern ist durch einen Federstreif getrennt (s. Fig. 9), was rait von der Praparation der Balge herrühren mag.
Der weisse Spiegel der Handschwingen zieht sich (mit Ausnahme der ersten rudimeutaren) über sammtliche zehn, und ist auf der T^en oder S^en am breitesten (54 — 64 mm.) ; auf der zweiten Schwinge ist das Weiss meist nur auf die Inneufahue beschrankt, zieht sich bei zwei Exemplaren aber auch auf die Ausseufahue. Die Armschwingen zeigen (mit Ausnahme der zwei oder drei letzten) auf der Mitte einen mehr oder minder ausgedehuten , meist schmalen , langlichen weissen iSchaftfleck , wie dies die verkleinerte Figur eines Exemplares mit ausgebreiteten Flügeln auf Salvadori's Tafel gut darstellt. Nur bei einem alten Mann- eken (M.S. Cat. N". 1) sind die weissen Schaftflecke auf die drei ersten Schwingen zweiter Ordnung beschrankt.
Die Farbung stimmt genau mit der von G. javanensis überein und zeigt denselben lebhaft purpurvioletten Schein auf Mantel und Schultern (der auf Tav. IX von Salvadori unrichtig in Grün wiedergegeben ist). Zu erwahnen ware noch , dass vier unserer alten Vogel auf den Federn der Bauchmitte sehr schmale graulich verwaschene Endsaume zeigen .
Das Jugendkleid ist noch unbeschrieben , dürfte aber nach Analogie der verwandten Arten nur die bekannten
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum , Vol. X.!XI.
14 DAS GENUS GRACULA
üuterschiede (matte fast glanzlose Farbung und wenig oder kaum eniwickelte Nackenlappeu) aufweiseD. Insel Ni as (an der Nordwestküste von Sumatra).
6. Gracula batiiensis, u. sp. Taf. 2, Fig. 12 (Kopf), 13 und 14 (Nackeulappen).
Durchaus ruit 6r. robusta übereinstimmend , aber kleiner, der weisse Flügelspiegel minder breit und die Armschwingen ohne weissen Scbaftfleck.
Die Nackenlappen stimmen in Form und Grosse ganz mit denen von G. robusta überein , sind wie bei dieser Art mehr breit als lang und an der Basis mit einander verwachsen, übrigens bei beiden Geschlech tern ganz gleicb. Ein altes Mannchen (Fig. 14) besitzt die kleinsten Nacken- lappen , ein anderes Mannchen hat dieselben fast so gross als das alte Weibchen (Fig. 13). Der seitliche Basisstreif der Nackenlappen ist bei einem Exemplare langer als dies Fig. 12 zeigt und zieht sieh fast bis zum oberen x\ugen- rande , also fast ganz wie bei G. javanensis. Der weisse Spiegel ziert die 2te bis 8^^ Schwinge, zieht sieh bei einem Exemplare auch auf die Ausseufahne der Qt^n und ist auf der 6ten und 7ten am breitesten (29 — 36 mm.). Al. culm.
190—195 mm. 29 — 32 mm. ^ und 9 (4 Expl.).
Die Farbung ist genau dieselbe wie bei G. robusta und javanensis , mit welcher letzteren Art G. batuensis auch durch die eiufarbig schwarzen Schwingen zweiter Ordnung am meisten übereiustimmt. Aber selbst das kleinste Exemplar von G. batuensis, mit dem schmalsten Spiegelfleck , welches sieh dadurch gewissen Exemplaren von G. javanensis ausser- ordentlich nahert, unterscbeidet sieh noch immer leicht durch die Form der Nackenlappen.
Beide Geschlechter sind ganz gleich, auch in der Farbung der Nackttheile. »Iris hellgrau bis braungrau, Schnabel orangefarben , Füsse gelb" Kannegieter. — Junge Vogel liegen nicht vor.
ffotes from th.e Lieyclen IMuseuin, Vol. XXI.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 15
Eia altes Weibchen zeigt eine sonderbare Deformitat des Schnabels : die Spitze des Unterschnabels überragt rechts den Oberschnabel, bildet also eine Art Kreuzschnabel.
Batu-Inselu (Pulu Teil o), au der Nordwestküste von Sumatra, etwas südlich von Nias.
Es liegen vier alte Exemplare vor, welche ini October und November 1896 von J. Z. Kannegieter, dem eifrigen Reisenden und Sammler des Herrn J. R. H. Neervoort van de Poll gesammelt wurdeu.
7. Gracula palawanensis (Sharpe).
Mainatus javanensis (Osb.) Subspec. u M. palaioanensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 104. — Whitehead, Explor. of Mt. Kina Balu (Lond.) 1893, p. 256 (Palawan).
Eulabes palawanensis Everett, Ibis 1895, p. 27 (Palawan).
Wie G. javanensis, aber Hinterhals und Oberrücken rait grünem Metallscheiue , ebenso die Endsaume der oberen Flügeldecken und nur der hintere Mantel in's Purpurviolette scheiuend, wodurch nur eine purpurviolette Querbinde über den binteren Mantel entsteht; (bei G. javanensis sind der ganze Hinterhals, Mantel, nebst oberen Flügeldecken purpur- violet); die Unterseite ist metallisch schwarzgrün, ohne den lebhaft purpurvioletten Schein auf der Brust, wie ihn alle Exemplare von G. javanensis so deutlich zeigen. Der weisse Flügelspiegel ist wie bei G. javanensis (2te — 8*^ Schwinge, auf der sechsten 20 ram. breit). Die Vertheilung der Nackttheile weicht, nach dem einen Exemplare unseres Museums zu urtheilen (altes 9, Coll. Dr. Platen 1877), insofern von G. javanensis ab, als der seitliche Basishaut- streif der Nackenlappen sich bis zura hinteren Augenrande hinzieht. Die Nackenlappen selbst sind massig gross (ca. 12 mm. lang und ebenso breit), im übrigen ganz wie bei G. javanensis, an der Basis durch einen sehr schmalen Hautstreif verbunden , wie dies bei gewissen Exemplaren von javanensis auch der Fall ist (vergl. Fig. 5).
Auf die geringere Grosse ist schon von Sharpe als unter-
Notes from the Leyden. Museum, Vol. XX.I.
16 DAS GENUS GRACULA
scheidendes Kennzeichen hingewiesen worden , ebenso von Oustalet (Buil. de la Soc. philomat. Paris, IV, 1892, p. 116). Al. culm.
153 mm. 22 mm.
Palawan (und dieser Insel eigenthümlich ; vergl. White- head uud Everett 1. c).
8. Gracula andamanensis (Tytler).
Taf. 2, Fig. 16 (Kopf).
Eulabes andamanensis (Tytler) Beavan, Ibis 1867, p. 331. Mainatus intermedius (Hay) Subspec. x Mainatus andamanensis (Bea- van) Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 107.
Die Art fehlt unserem Museum , ich untersuchte aber Exemplare von den Nicobaren (Wiener Museum) und An- damauen (Port Blair : Museum Turati) und verglich die- selben mit Exemplaren von Gr. intermedia von Burma und Gr. javanensis von Java. Nach meinen Aufzeichnungen unterscheidet sich Gr. andamanensis schon dadurch , dass der nackte Fleck unter dem Auge durch einen Federstreif von der nackten Basis der Nackenlappen getrennt ist (vergl. Fig. 16 und 15), und stimmt daher in diesem Character zunachst mit Gr. javanensis überein. Die Nackenlappen (15 — 17 mm. lang) sind so gross als bei letzterer Art, scheinen also grosser als bei Gr. intermedia ,vi\eA.\e Y)im.eu- sionen im AUgemeinen; dagegen ist die Farbung, wie die Ausdehnung des weissen Flügelspiegels (auf der 2ten bis 7ten Schwinge ^)) ganz so wie bei Gr. intermedia. Beide Geschlechter sind durchaus gleicb.
Al. culm.
160 — 168 mm. 26 mm.
Lord Tweeddale erklart Gr. andamanensis für eine von Gr. intermedia verschiedene Art (s. Ibis 1871, p. 177 und
1) Nach Sharpe hisweilen 2te bis 8te; ein Exemplar zeigt sogar 12 weisse Flügelflecke, also auch die zwei ersten Armschwingen weissgefleckt.
Notes trom the Leyden JMuseutn, Vol. X!Ji.I.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 17
1873, p. 313); Sharpe uur für eiue »stout-billed race" von Gr. mtermedia. Hume fiudet ebeufalls » perfectly con- stant characters" (s. Stray-feathers 1878, p, 398 »Eulabes javanensis , from Andamaus and Nicobars", und ib. 1874, p. 254).
Andamanen und Nicobaren.
Ueber Lebens- und Nistweise bericlitet Tytler (Eulabes javanensisj Stray-Feathers, 1874, p. 255 und 256).
9. Gracula intermedia (A. Hay) 1844. Taf. 2, Fig. 15 (Kopf).
Schleg. Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. (Amsterdam) I, 1863, p. 6,
PI. I, Fig. 4 (Kopf ad nat.). Eulabes javanensis Hume (nee Osb.), Stray Feathers, 1874, p.
254; 1875, p. 152; 1876, p. 335; 1877, p. 86; 1879, p. 106. Eulabes intermedia Oates, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, I, 1889, p. 511
(Kopf). Mainatus intermedins Sharpe (nee A. Mull.), Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
XIII, 1890, p. 104 (ohne Subspec. a p. 107 und (3 p. 109).
Dadurch ausgezeichnet, dass der nackte Fleck unter dem Auge durch einen nackten Streif mit dem nackten Fleck der Schlafe (welcher die seitlichen Basis der Nackenlappen bildet) verbuuden ist, der schmale Federmittelstreif ^) also nicht durchlauft (s. Fig. 1 5 und die von Schlegel gegebeue Abbilduug, jedenfalls nach einem jüugeren Exemplare, mit wenig entwickelten Nackenlappen).
Im Uebrigen in der Farbung ganz wie Gr. javanensis, ebenso die weisse Zeichnung der Schwingen (2^^ bis 7te oder 8*2 Schwinge mit weissem Spiegel , der auf der sechsten 15 — 25 mm. breit ist. Beide Geschlechter sind ganzgleich; ein jüngerer Vogel (M. S. Cat. N^. 2 von Nepal) zeigt noch wenig Metallschimmer , namentlich ist die Unterseite nur mattschwarz; die Nackenlappen sind rudimentar (nur 5 mm.
1) „The little patch of feathers, which extends from the hinder part of the eye is triangular in shape , and never reaches to the auricular feathers, leaving always a distinct line of bare skin" Sharpe I.e. p. 105.
Notes from ttie Leyden JMuseum, Vol. XXI.
18 DAS GENUS GRACULA
laug, gaaz iihnlich wie auf der Abbilduog bei SchlegeP) 1. c.) ; bei alteu Vögela bis 12 mm. lang.
Die Grösseuverhaltnisse scheiüeu im Allgemeinen etwas geringer als bei G. javanensis.
Al. culm.
158 — 166 mm. 23 — 25 mm.
Central Indien (Himalaya, Burma, Tenasserira, Norden von Malacca, östlich bis Cochiachina). Im Leidener Museum aus Central Indien und Nepal (Hodgson).
üeber Lebensweise und Brutgeschaft dieser Art liegen mit die ausführlichsten Mittbeilungen vor. (s. Eulahes java- nensis Bingham, Stray-Feathers, 1877, p. 86 (Burma); id. 1880, p. 192 (Tenasserim), id. 1888, p. 268 ; Gates, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, I, 1889, p. 513; id. Eulabes intermedia, p. 512).
10. Gracula ptilogenys Blyth (1846).
Schleg. Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Dierk. (Amsterdam), I, 1863, p. 7,
PI. I, Fig. 7 (Kopf). Eulahes ptilogenys Legge, B. Ceylon, II, 1879, p. 685, PI. XXIX.
Oatea, Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, 1889, I, p. 513 (Kopf). Mainatus ptilogenys Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 109.
Die einzige Art mit befiederten Kopfseiten und daran , wie an der schwarzen Basishalfte des üuterschnabels, leicht keuntlich.
Basis des Oberschnabels bis zu den Nasenlöchern eben- falls schwarz.
Zwei , in der Mitte getrenute , ziemlich grosse Nacken- lappen (13 — 15 mm. lang und ca. 10 mm. breit). Farbung vorherrschend purpurviolet ; auf Hinterrücken, Bürzel, oberen Schwanzdeckeu, Mitte der Unterbrust und übrigen ünter- seite mit tief stahlgrünem Scheine; 2^'- — 7*^ oder 8teSchwinge mit weissem Spiegel (auf der füuften oder sechsten 15 — 17
1) Schlegel giebt ilie schr kleinen Nackenlappen (7 rara.') mit als Artcharacter an, hatte aber damals keinen alten Vogel zura Vergleich.
Notes from the Leyden ^luseuin. Vol. 'X.'XS,
UND SEINE AHTEN. 19
mm. breit), auf der zweiten nur auf der Innenfahne, auf der 7teu oder 8*en nur auf der Aussenfahne.
Al. 145 mm.; culm. 22—23 mm.
Ceylon (vorzugsweis in den Bergen). Ueber Lebensweise und Brutgeschaft geben Legge und Oates (1. e.) ausgezeichnete Nachrichten.
11. Gracula Lidthii Scbleg.
Nederl. Tijdschr. voor Dierkunde (Amsterdam), I, 1863, p. 7,
PI. I, Fig. 6, Kopf (s. n. G. dubia^)). Mainatus lidthi Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 104 (Note).
Ganz wie G. javatiensis , aber uur die zweite bis vierte Schwiuge mit weissem Spiegelfleck und statt der Nacken- lappen nur ein scbmaler (ca. 3 mm. breiter) Hautrand.
Das typiscbe Exemplar, nocb immer Unicum unseres Museums geblieben, wurde im Jabre 1857 aus der damals berübmten Sammlung des Professors van Lidtb de Jeude in Utrecbt erworben und stammt wabrscbeinlicb, wie Scblegel vermuthet, aus der nocb alteren Sammlung des Baron van de Capelle ber. Jedenfalls rübrt das Exemplar, nacb der Ausstopferei und der Art der Glasaugen zu urtbeilen, aus einer sebr alten Sammlung ber und war in Gefangen- scbaft gebalten worden, wie die gestutzten Scb wingen zeigen. leb würde nicbt ansteben das Exemplar für einen alten Vogel von G. javanensis mit künstlicb verstümmelten (ab- gescbnittenen) Nackenlappen zu balten, wiederspracbe dem nicbt die weisse Zeicbnung der Scbwingen. Dieser Spiegel ist auf der zweiten Scbwiuge , wie bei javanensis , auf die Innenfabne beschrankt, und lauft auf der dritten und vierten über beide Fabnen , auf der Aussenfabne nur 7 resp, 10 mm. breit, auf der Innenfabne viel weiter ausgedebnt, ganz so wie dies bei G. javanensis aucb der Fall ist. Aber bei
1) Die Namen sind auf der Tafel verwechselt (und auch im Text falsch citirt): Fig. 5 ist dtibia und nicht , Lidthii" nnd Fig. 6 Lidthii und nicht „dubia" wie die Unterschriften irrthümlich angeben.
Notes from the Leyilen Museum, Vol. XXI.
20 HAS GENUS GRACULA
letzterer Art besitzen die zweite bis siebente oder aclite Scliwinge eiuen weisseu Spiegel. Die Grosse stimmt ganz rait der von G. javanensis iiberein ; der Scbiiabel erscheiut etwas melir gestreckt; Liiage der Firste 28 mra., die der Muiidspalte 37; die Schuabelhöhe an der Basis 15 mra. (s. Schleg. PI. I, Fig. 6, s. n. » G. ditbia"). Hei raat unbekanut.
12. Gracula duhia Schleg.
Nederl. Tydschr. voor Dierkunde (Amsterdam), I, 1863, p. 7,
PI. I, Fig. 5, Kopf (s. n. G. Lidthii). Mainatus duhius Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 104 (Note).
Ganz wie G. javanensis , aber ohne weissen Flügelspiegel.
Von letzterem sind wenigsteus nur uuregelmassige An- deutungeu vorbanden : die siebente Scliwinge des rechten Flügels zeigt auf der Aussenfahne drei sagezahnförmige weisse Raudflecke, die achte eine ca. 3 mm. breite weisse Binde auf der Aussenfahne, die den Rand 25 ram. lang saumt ; auf dem linken Flügel zeigt die sechste Scbwinge eineu kaura beraerkbaren weissen Randsaura au der Aussen- fahne, die siebente hier zwei kleine sagezahnförmige Rand- flecke , dagegen die zweite au der Inneufahue einen weissen Basisfleck von derselbeu Ausdehnung als bei G. javanensis. Mit Ausuahme dieses weisseu Basisfleckesistdie Clnterseiteder Schwiugeu eiufarbig rauchschwarz. Die Nackenlappen sind sehr klein , und bilden nur eine ca. 4 mm. breite Hautfalte, wie bei raanchen jungen Vögeln von G. javanensis (z. B. M.S. Cat. N''. 31), aber das Exemplar ist ohue Zweifel ein alter Vogel und zeigt genau denselben lebhaften Metallscheiu und in denselben Farbentönen als G, javanensis. Es ist also keiuesfalls eiue juuge G. intermedia, wie sich Sharpe verrauthungsweise ausspricht.
Mit Rücksicht auf die uugleiche weisse Fleckeuzeichnung der Schwiugeu ist G. dubia wahrscheinlich ara richtigsten als eine zufallige Varietat von G. javanensis zu deuten, mit welcher Art auch die Ausdehnung und Vertheilung
Notes l'rom the Lieytlen Museum, Vol. XX.I.
UND SEINE ARTEN. 21
der Nackttheile an den Kopfseiten , wie die Grosse über- einstimmen.
Al. eulm. riet. alt.
176 mm. 23 mm. 32 mm. 14 mm.
Das typische Exemplar, ein Unicum des Leidener Museum, vvurde demselben 1859 durch J. A. Frank, dem früher so bekannten Amsterdammer Naturalienhandler, gesclienkt.
Heiraatunbekannt.
Die folgenden zwei Arteu sind mir nicht aus Autopsie bekaunt :
13. Gracula sinensis (Swinh.).
Euldbes sinensis Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 353. — David et Oust.
Ois. de la Chine, 1877, p. 365. Mainatus sinensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 105 (Note).
»Iie Mainate de Chine rapproche beaucoup de VEulabes intermedins (A. Hay) de l'Inde et de l'Indo-Chine, mais s'en distingue par ses proportions un peu plus faibles , ses caroncules plus étroites , et par la forme de l'espace denude au-dessous de l'oeil, espace qui se termine carré- ment et mesure environs 2 centimetres de large". (David et Oust. I.e. p. 366).
Südwest-China (nördlich bis in die Provinz Kiangsi).
14. Gracula hainana (Swinh.).
Eulahes hainanus Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 352.
Mainatus hainanus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. XIII, 1890, p. 105 (Note).
» Similar to Eulahes sinensis, but having the subocular fleshy skin narrow, 0.25 inch, lengthened downwards and not square" (Swinhoe 1. c).
Insel Hainan.
Das einzige Exemplar, welches Swinhoe lebend besass ging verloren ; seitdem nicht mehr zur üntersuchung gelangt.
Leidener Museum, 16 December II
Notes from tlie Leydeii Museum, Vol. XX.I.
22 DAS GENUS GRACUI.A UND SEINE ARTEN.
TAFEL-ERKLARUNG.
Die Figuren der Köpfe (im Profil) und der Nackenlappeu (vou obeu geselieü) sind (mit Ausuahme von Fig. 16) in natürlicher Grosse gezeichnet und zeigen die characteris- tischen Verschiedenheiten der Nackfctheile in eingetrocknetem Zustande.
Tafel 1.
Fig. 1. Gracula religiosa (L.). cf ad. S. Indien.
(M. S. Cat. NO. 4). „ 2. Nackenlappeu desselben Exempl. (a : aufrechtstehend). „ 3. Gracula javanensis (Osb.). cf ad- Centr. Borneo.
(M. S. Cat. NO. 11). » 4. „ „ jung. W. Java. ( „ „ 6).
„ 5. Nackenlappeu (sehr grosse) von Fig. 3. (a: Hautfalte). „6. „ (gewöhnliche Grosse).
cT ad. Borneo. (M. S. Cat. N". 7). „7. „ (klein) alter Vogel, Sumatra. ( „ „ 27).
„ 8. Hautfalten des jungen Vogels Fig. 4.
Tafel 2.
Fig. 9. Gracula rohusia Salvad. 9 ad. Nias. (M.S. Cat. N". 2). „ 10. Nackenlappeu (grösste) desselben Exemplares. ^11. „ (kleinste). 9 ad. (M. S. Cat. N^. 3).
„ 12. Gracula hatuensis Finscb. 9 ad. Batu lus. „ 13. Nackenlappeu (grösste) desselben Exemplares. ^ 14. „ (kleiüste). (ƒ ad.
„ 15. Gracula intermedia Hay. Ad. ludien. (M.S. Cat. N".l). ^16. „ andamanensis Tytl. cf ad. Andamanen (ca. 2/3 n. Gr.).
Notes trom the Leydeii Museum, "Vol. XX.I.
DIE THERISTICUS-ARTEN. 23
NOTE 11.
UEBER DIE ARTEN DER GATTUNG THERISTICUS WAGL,
Dr. O. PINSCH.
Dr. Sharpe unterscheidet im Cataloge des British Mu- seum (Vol. XX.VI, 1898, p. 21—23) nur zwei hierher ge- hörige Arten {Th. melanopis und Th. caudatus)^ indem er Th. Branickii Berlepseh als jungen Vogel mit ersterer Art vereinigt. Nach sorgfaltiger Vergleichung des Materials in uuserem Museum kann ich mich diesem Vorgange nicht anschliessen, sondern halte Th. Branickii fur eine ausge- zeichnete Art, der ich noch eine neue Art hiuzuzufiigen habe :
Theristicus columhianus,, sp. n. Ihis rnelanopis Schl. in Mus, Lugd.
Diagnose : wie Th. caudatus vom Kropfe an einfarbig schieferschwarz, aber die Schwingendecken und die ver- deckte Basis der Armsch wingen nicht weiss wie bei cawc^afus, sondern grau (wie bei melanopis).
Rücken, Schultern und die kleinen oberen Flügeldecken am Uuterarm sind braun, mit grünem Metallschein und kaum bemerkbaren helleren Endsaumen, die nur auf den kleinen oberen Flügeldecken deutlicher hervortreten. Kopf und Hals sind schmutzig rostgelblich, die etwas schopfartig
Notes from tlie Leyden. Musetun, Vol. XXI.
24 DIE THERISTICUS-ARTEN.
verlangerten Federn des Hinterkopfes duukler, rostbraun- lich. Kinn und Kehle sind befiedert und nur jederseits an der Basis des Unterschnabels zieht sicli ein (ca. 20 mm. langer) nackter Streif lierab.
Das Exemplar ist unzweifelhaft ein altausgefarbter Vogel den das Reichs- Museum 1867 voo DeyroUe in Paris kaufte, mit der Angabe »Columbie", leider ohne Augabe des nahe- ren Fuudortes und Sammlers.
Wie es scheiut ist bisher noch keine Art dieser Ibis- Gattung in diesem Theile Süd-Americas nachgewiesen.
Theristicus caudatus (Bodd.).
Sharpe, Cat. Br. M. XXVI, p. 23.
Ibis melanopis (pt.) Scbl. Cat. 1863, p. 7 (Nos. 3 u. 4).
Das Reichs-Museum besitzt davon zwei Exemplare, wo- von das eine (M.S. Cat. N». 1 = Schl. N». 4) noch aus dem alten Cabinet Temminck herstammt und hier als » Tan- talus albicollis Lath." bezeichnet war (Temminck : »Catal. syst. 1807, p. 168 N». 770), angeblich von »Cayenne". Das Exemplar ist keiueswegs »au plumage imparfait" (Schlegel) soudern altausgefarbt und zeichnet sich vor allem durch das tiefe Rostbraun auf Kropfmitte, Ober- u. Hinterkopf aus , der übrige Hals ist dunkel rostgelb. Die Oberseite ist dunkel graubraun mit wenig hervortretenden helleren Federenden. Kinn und Kehle sind nackt, mit einem schmalen Federstreif langs der Mitte, der aber nicht durchgeht.
Das andere Exemplar (M.S. Cat. N^. 2 = Schl. N«. 3) ist ein altes Weibchen und wurde am 21 Januar 1826 bei Cai9ara im Innern der Provinz Matto Grosso von Joh. Natterer ■•) gesammelt. Es stimmt gauz mit dem alten Vogel (N". 1) überein, ist aber im Ganzen heller gefarbt, das Rostbraun auf dem Oberkopfe ist blasser und fehlt auf dem
1) «GerontictiS albicollis (Gml.) Pelz. Orn. Bras. 1871, p. 307", von Sharpe (Cat. Br. M. p. 22) irrthiimlich zii 77/. melanopis gezogen.
Notes from th.e Lteydeu IVIuseiiin , Vol. X.X!I.
DIE THERISTICUS-ARTEN. 25
Kropfe fast ganz, der Hals ist rostgelblichweiss. Der Feder- streif langs der Kinn- u. Kehlmitte zieht sich ganz durch, so dass die Nacktlieit dieser Theile iu zwei Halften ge- trennt wird.
Theristicus melanopis (Gml.).
Sharpe, Cat. Br. M. XXVI, p. 21 (pt.).
Jbis melanopis (pt.) Schl. Cat. 1863, p. 7 (Nos. 1 u. 2).
Das Reichs-Museum besitzt vier alte Vogel und ein noch kaum niit Federstoppeln bekleidetes Nestjunges, sammtlich aus Chile. Cat. N°. 1 und 2 ((ƒ und Q ad.) stammen nach Temmincks Angabe von d'Orbigny's Reise her, N^. 3 und 4 (ebenfalls (ƒ und 9 ad.) sind im Juni 1868 bei Santiago durch Philippi gesammelt und durch diesen an das Museum gelangt, wie das Nestjunge (N''. 5 : November 1862). Die alten Vogel haben sammtlich den Ober- und Hinterkopf lebhaft rostgelbbraun, mehr oder minder von dieser Farbung auch Hinterhals, Halsseiten und zum Theil die Brust, der übrige Hals, Kropf und Brust und von hier verschmalert bis auf die Bauchmitte herab sind hell rostgelblich gefarbt; über die Mitte der Brust zieht sich ein schmales, zuweilen auf der Mitte unterbrochenes graues Querband. Die Exemplare N^*. 1 und 2 haben Kinn und Oberkehle ausgedehnt nackt , mit einem schmalen befiederten Mittelstreif, der sich aber nur bis über das Kinn herabzieht (ganz wie das Nestjunge N". 5), wahrend bei N'\ 3 und 4 der Federstreif durchlauft und die Nacktheit in zwei Halften trennt.
Theristicus Branickii Berl. & Stolzmann.
Ibis, 1894, p. 404.
Th. melanopis (pt.) Sharpe, Cat. Br. M. XXVI, p. 22 (young:
Beschr. u. p. 23 Indiv. g [»2 juv. Pitumarca, Peru, April 8
(H. Whitely)"!.
Die beiden Exemplare unseres Museums (</ und Q, M.S. Cat. N*^. 1 und 2) wurden am 8 Aprill869 von H. Whitely
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
2**
26 DIE THERISTICUS-ARTEN.
bei Pitumarca in Peru erlegt und sind jedenfalls alte Vogel. Sie uuterscheiden sich auf den ersten Blick durch den ansehnlich kiirzeren und schwacheren Schnabel, sowie die helle Fiirbung von Kopf, Hals und Brust. Nur der Ober- und Hinterkopf, sowie die unteren Halsseiten und die Kropf- mitte sind rostgelblich , der übrige Hals und die Brust sind fast rein weiss und dieses Weiss bedeckt auch die ganze Bauchmitte und zieht sich bis auf den After. Der graue Ton der Oberseite stimmt ganz mit Th. melanopis überein , aber die Schwingendecken sind nicht lichtgrau, sondern duukelgrau und kaum heller als der Oberflügel.
Nachfolgend gebe ich die vergleichendeu Messungen und einen sogenanuten Schlüssel mit den diagnostischen Artenkennzeichen.
|
Al. |
caud. |
culm. |
tars. |
||||
|
400 mm. |
195 mm. |
138 mm. |
80 mm. |
cnudatus. Ad. Cayenne (N°. 1). |
|||
|
385 . |
205 |
n |
150 |
„ |
80 |
„ |
5 Matto Grosso ( „ 2). |
|
415 « |
200 |
„ |
145 |
, |
SO |
„ |
columbianus . Ad. |
|
420 « |
185 |
« |
160 |
„ |
82 |
„ |
melanopis ^ Chile (N°. 1). |
|
385 , |
176 |
" |
135 |
,/ |
73 |
„ |
" $ " ( ' 2). |
|
385 „ |
190 |
„ |
143 |
„ |
80 |
„ |
. cT - ( " 3). |
|
380 „ |
192 |
» |
135 |
, |
75 |
„ |
" ? " ( " 4). |
|
390 „ |
190 |
,/ |
110 |
» |
65 |
„ |
Branickii ^ Peru ( » 1). |
|
380 „ |
180 |
» |
110 |
" |
63 |
" |
. $ . ( . 2). |
Artenkennzeichen :
a. Unterseite vom Kropfe an schieferschwarz.
caudatus : Schwingendecken weiss, wie die verdeckte Basis der Armschwingen.
columbianus: Schwingendecken grau , wie die verdeckte Basis der Armschwingen.
b. Brust und Bauchmitte loeiss ; Armschwingen bis zur Basis schwarz.
melanopis'. Schwingendecken lichtgrau. Branickii', » dunkelgrau ; Schnabel kür-
zer und schlanker.
Leidener Mus eu m, 13 Juni 1899.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
DESCRIPTIONS OF EARTHWORMS.
27
NOTE III. DESCRIPTIONS OF EARTHWORMS
BY
Dr. R. HORST.
X.
On a Benhamia-species from Paramaribo.
Among a lot of worms, collected in Paramaribo^), I met with a dozen of small ^éw/jama-specimens, which cannot
be identified with one of the species of this genus, descri- bed from America. The number of these species however is not very large. Rosa described a couple
of them from Mexico ^) and Pa- ragay '), and Eisen in a recent paper 1. 2. 3. on Pacific Coast
Fig.l. Prostata. Fig.2. Penial setae. Fig. S.Spermatheca. 01igOchaeta*)added
four new species from Mexico and California. In this
1) See Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX, 1898, p. 202. The specimens of Pontoscolex corethrwrus, mentioned in this paper, probably belong to Eisen's variety mexicanus (Festskrift for Liljeborg, 1896, p. 8), for they differ from the East-India specimens by having not 130 or more segments from head to caudal zone, but only 103 to 120.
2) Anu. K. K. Naturh. Hofmuscums, Bd. VI, 1891, p. 394.
3) Mem. Accad. reale del Sc. di Torino (II) XLV, 1894— 95, p. 137, fig. 13.
4) Mem. California Acad, of Sc. Vol. 11, 1896, p. 123.
Notes from tho Leyden Museum, Vol. X.XI.
28 DESCRIPTIONS OF EARTHWORMS.
plentifully illustrated memoir he not only published detailed descriptions and figures of his new species , but also of several other allied forms, making thus comparison of the different American species very easy. Though Eisen's dis- covery of Benhamia-species at Miraflores »in a locality to which plants of any kind have rarely if ever been intro- duced directly from foreign country" would indicate that they must be considered as truly endemic, I nevertheless thought it desirable to compare our worms also with the African species, 1°. because there exists a close connection between the fauna's of West- Africa and West-India, 2°. because , Paramaribo being a sea-port , our species could have been imported by man's interference, like in many other parts of the world. Thanks the investigations of Michaelsen we know about twenty species of Benhamia from Africa, whose body-length does not exceed 75 mm. ; on comparing them with our worms, B. pallida^) from Togo, appears to be the only species, that shows some resem- blance with them , especially in the feature of the penial setae. Unfortunately the description of this species is rather incomplete , being based on a single indifferently preserved individual.
Our specimens attain a length of no more than 50 mm. ; the breadth of the body in the clitellar region is about 3 mm. The number of segments of a large specimen is 133. The colour of the body is greenish , only the cli- tellum and setal areae are whitish. The intersegmental groove between the first and second segment is rather indistinct. The cephalic lobe extends with a roundish prolongation till the half of the buccal segment. The segments behind the clitellum show a circular ridge in the middle, upon which the setae are situated ; the distance between de ventral pairs of setae is a little larger than that between the ventral and dorsal ones. Clitellum saddle- shaped, occupying segments XIII — XX, the anterior and
1) Archiv f. Naturgesch. 1892, p. 50, tcxttig. B 1 and 2.
JSotes from the Lieyden ]Museuin, Vol. XXI.
DESCRIPTIONS OF EARTHWORMS. 29
the posterior of them only partly glandular; the prostate- pores upon segments XVII and XIX, on an elevated, elliptical area, connected by a groove, that on segment XVIII is faintly curved towards the median line. The oviducal pores separate, hardly visible, at the mesial side of the ventral setae, a little more anteriorly. First dorsal pore in the intersegmental groove III/IV. The sperma- thecal pores in the groove between segments VII and VIII , VIII and IX , in the series of the ventral setae , connected by a glandular ridge.
The penial sac contains two setae of different shape, but of about the same length (0.6 mm.). The larger of them is 0.014 mm. thick, slightly curved over the fourth distal part of its length and furnished with several distant tubercles; the other seta is much more slender, quite plain , ending abruptly in a fine apex like in B. culminis Mich. Each prostata consists of a rather large, linguiform gland, with a knee-shaped bend in the middle, and opening unto the exterior by a curved , much thinner, muscular duct. Each spermatheca is a pyriform pouch separated by a constricted part from the wide, globular duct, which is about equal in size ; the latter bears in its middle a small spherical diverticulum, furnished with a short duct. In diffe- rent individuals however the shape of the spermathecae is somewhat variable, sometimes it is more elongated, resem- bling those of B. palmicola'). The 11th, 12th and 13th septa are specially thickened. The buccal cavity is usually everted ; the two gizzards lie in segment IX. There are three pairs of calciferous glands in segments XV — XVII; only the two anterior ones contain lime crystals.
In the segments behind the clitellum the nephridia are arranged in five rows on either side of the median line, the first of them between the ventral and dorsal rows of setae.
As already stated above, our specimens most resemble
Eisen: loc. cit. pi. XLIX, fig. 52 k and h.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
30 DESCRIPTIONS OF EAHTII WORMS.
B. pallida, especially with regard to the appearance of the peuial setae; however these setae seem not to be quite similar, for, according to Michaelsen's description and figures, they are of larger size, more curved and only furnished with tubercles at their concave side. Also his description of the prostata-glands »sehr fein, schlank, schlauchformig" does not exactly correspond to our species. As Michaelsen however only had a single specimen at his disposal, and his description therefore remained somewhat incomplete, it is difficult to decide whether our specimens belong to the same species.
Leyden Museum, ,lune 1899.
Notes Irom the Ley<leii JMuseutn, Vol.X.IX.1.
LEPTOPOMA MANADENSE VAR. 34
NOTE IV.
ON A NE¥ VARIETY OF LEPTOPOMA MANADENSE PER.
M. M. SCHEPMAN.
The specimens of a lot of a Leptopoma, collected by Baron von Rosenberg at Gorontalo, Celebes, have the general ap- pearance of some varieties of L. vitreum Lesson, but their columellar margin is simple, I had compared them with the species of the genus known from Celebes, but I could not identify them with any of these. So I sent a few specimens to Prof. E. von Martens and asked his advice, and this author declared them to be a variety of L. mana- dense Pfr. (As I had compared them with typical speci- mens of this species agreeing with the figure in Pfeiffer's Novitates conchologicae, Vol. IV, pi. 128, fig. 9, I did not come to this identification). The specimens indeed agree rather well with the figure of von Martens' Ostasiat. Landschn. (PI. 2, fig. 8), but as this figure differs much from the typical one and from the original description, I thought it might be somewhat erroneous; now this figure may serve for the new variety, which I describe under the name of:
Leptopoma manadense Pfr. var. ohsoleta.
The shell differs from typical ones by the peripherical keel, which in most of the specimens is only indicated at
Isfotes from tlie Leyden Museuin, Vol. XXI.
32 LEPTOPOMA MANADENSE VAR.
the beginning of the last whorl and disappears towards the aperture, being only faintly visible on the whole whorl in very few specimens , the supra-peripherical keels are entirely wanting; right margin of aperture without the angle resulting from the keel in typical specimens.
The shells vary much in coloration, they are white, with or without a brown band at or slightly below the periphery, the upper part is spotted or flamed with brown, the spots and flames varying in size, a few specimens have a brownish yellow ground-colour; the lower part of the last whorl is lighter. Shape and size agree with typical specimens.
Rhoon near Rotterdam, June 1899.
Notes from the Leyden M^useuna, "Vol. JCJU.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
33
NOTE V. NEUE PAUSSIDEN,
MIT EINEM BIOLOGISCHEN NACHTRAG
VON
E. WASMANN S. J.
(Tafel 3 und 4). (98. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Myrmekophilen u. Termitophilen).
Herr R. Oberthür hatte die Güte , mir eine Reihe neuer Paussiden seiner Samraluüg zur Beschreibung zu übersen- deii. Einige andere Arten wurden von Herrn C. Ritsema aus dem Rijksmuseum von Leiden eingesandt. Hiezu kommt noch eine von Dr. Hans Brauns und eine von Herrn Rob. Ch. Wroughton aufgefundene Art. Ich statte den Herreu Einsendern hiermit meinen Dank ab. Leider liegt nur für eine eiuzige der hier erwabnten Paussiden die Angabe der Wirthsart vor.
Nach der Beschreibung der Arten werde ich einen Nach- trag beifügen zu der in Baud XVIII der » Notes" ^) S. 75 und 76 gegebeneu Liste der Paussiden- Wirthe.
Homopterus aeguatoriensis , n. sp. (Taf. 3, Fig. 1, la Vorderfuss).
Piceus, antennis pedibusque castaneis, nitidissimus, glaber. Caput thoracis latitudiue, transversum, vix convexum , ocu-
1) Einige neue Paussus aus Java, mit Bemerkungen über die myrmecophile Lebensweise der Paussiden, S. 68 — 80.
Notes frona the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX.I.
3
34 NEUF. PAUSSIDEN.
lis maximis , promiuentibus. Antennae lO-articulatae, valde cotupressae, planae, subparallelae, capite duplo augustiores, capite thoraceque paullo longiores. Thorax transversus , sub- tiliter marginatus , basin versus modice angustatus , vix cordiformis, longitudinaliter canaliculatus, prope angulos posticos foveolatus. Elytra utrimque foveola basali instructa, lateribus subrotundatis. Tibiae basi angustae , apicem ver- sus sensim dilatatae, compressae; auticae siuuatae et apice emarginatae. Tarsi breves , art. 1*^ et 2^ angustis , perbre- vibus , 3"^ et 4^ late bilobatis , 5^ ceteris unitis lougitudine aequali. — Loug. 5,5 mm.
Antennae: Art. 1" crasso, globoso, 2" latitudine 1', sed brevissimo, vix visibili; 3" — -10"™ valde transversis, lati- tudiue eubaequalibus, 3'^ dimidio longiore 4", 4^^ — 9im lou- gitudine aequalibus , 10^* duobus praecedentibus unitis lou- gitudine aequali, apice rotundato.
Von H. hrasiliensis Westw. besonders durch die schma- leren Pühler, deren Glied 1 und 2 ganz anders gebildet ist, verschiedeu. Ueberdies durch geringere Grosse, dunklere Farbung, stark glanzende, glatte Oberflache , brei teres Hals- schild , seitlich gerundete Flügeldecken und die namentlich an der Basis schmaleren Schienen von jener Art abweichend.
Ein Exemplar aus der Sammlung von Herrn R. Oberthür lag mir vor mit der Etikette: » Ecuador, Semiradski, 1882—83."
Die Verwandtschaft mit den Oarabiden tritt bei Homo- pterus , besonders bei obiger Art , starker hervor als bei den übrigen Paussiden ; sie aussert sich namentlich in der Er- weiterung der Tarsen , die , wie die Form des Halsschildes und des gesammteu Rumpfes , an Lebia erinnert.
Von Cerapterus myrmido7ium Kolbe (Ent. Nachr. 1896, n''. 19) lag aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung ein Exemplar vor mit der Etikette: »Semnio , Njam-Njam (Bohndorff!)", wel- ches aus derselben Quelle stammt wie Kolbe's Original- exemplar und auch in allen Einzelheiten der Beschreibung, selbst in der Grosse, mit letzterem übereinstimmt.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseura, Vol. XXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 35
Für neu halte ich dagegen die folgendeu von R. Ober- thür zur Ansicht vorliegenden Arten :
Cerapterus longipennis , n. sp.
Gracilis , nigropiceus, antennis pedibusque rufopiceis, sub- nitidus , densius fulvohirsutus ; elytrorum macula hamata apicali ferruginea intus abbreviata instructa. Antennae ca- pite thoraceque multo longiores, latitudine fere quintuple longiores. Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior, margine antico et postico subtiliter punctato. Elytra latitudine duplo et dimidio longiora, subtilissime alutacea (propterea parum nitida), seriebus punctorum subtilium regularium extra re- gionem suturalem instructa ; limbo apicali recur vo utrim- que remote 4-dentato. — Long. 14 mm.
Mit Cerapterus hottentottus Kolbe (Ent. Nachr. 1896, n°. 19) nahe verwandt, von derselben , auffallend schlau- ken Gestalt, auch mit ahnlicher Fühlerbildung und Punk- tirung der Flügeldecken. Er unterscheidet sich jedoch von ihm durch den ganz verschiedenen Apicalsaum der Flügel- decken , der nicht wie bei C. hottentottus , Smithi und con- color fein und dicht gezahnelt ist, sondern jederseits nur vier grosse, vs^eit von einander abstehende Zahne aufweist. Ferner ist C. longipennis viel dichter fuchsig behaart als hottentottus, das Halsschild ist breiter , am Vorder- und Hinterrande fein aber deutlich punktirt, die Punktreihen der Flügeldecken beginnen bereits nahe der Naht (sind also zahlreicher als bei hottentottus) und die Körpergrösse ist eine viel geringere. Er stammt vom Tauganika-See, wahrend hottentottus am Ngami-See in Südafrika gefunden wurde.
1 Exemplar mit der Etikette: » Region de M. Pala,Tan- ganika, (R. P. Guillemé!)".
Nur mit Bedenken beschreibe ich die folgende Cerapte- 7'Ms-Art als neu, da mir kein Exemplar von C. Lafertei Westw. zum Vergleiche vorliegt und ich nur nach der Beschrei- bung und Abbildung im Thes. Ent. Oxon. urtheileu kann.
Notes from the Leyden Museutzi, Vol. XX.I.
36 NEUE PAUSSTDEN.
Cerapterus Denoiti , n. sp.
Nigropiceus , nitidus, antenais pedibusque piceis , ely- trorum macula ferrugiuea hamata a medio usque ad apicem pertingente. Antennae breves, latissiraae, elytrorum basin tantum attingentes, absque articulo basali latitudine duplo tantum longiora. Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior, impunctatus, linea longitudinali media impressa. Elytra brevia, densius subtiliter punctata, margine apicali simplici. Tibiae latissimae, etiam posticae latitudine vix dimidio lon- giores. — Long. 11,5 mm.
Mit C. Lafertei Westw. nahe verwandt, aber mit noch kürzeren , breiteren Pühlern und kürzeren , breiteren Schie- nen. Die Fühler erreichen nur den Hinterrand des Hals- schildes, ihre Keule (Glied 2 — 10) ist nur doppelt so lang als breit, die Glieder 3 — 9 fast linienförmig wegen ihrer Kürze und grossen Breite, Glied 10 fast so lang wie die 4 vorhergehendeu zusammen.
Die Schienen sind ebenfalls sehr breit und kurz, kaum um die Halfte langer als breit. Die Farbung und Punk- tirung der Flügeldecken entspricht dem C. Lafertei', sie sind fein und ziemlich dicht puuktirt und haben einen be- reits in der Mitte beginnenden rothgelben Hakenfleck , dessen beide Aeste (ara Rande und an der Naht) gleich lang sind und eiuander parallel laufeu.
Das Halsschild ist sehr breit , schwarzbraun , mit deut- licher Mittelliuie.
Von Gerapt, trinitatis Kolbe (Ent. Nachr. 1896, n». 19), der ebenfalls sehr breite Fühler und Schienen besitzt, be- sonders durch den eiufachen Spitzensaum der Flügeldecken und den langen rothgelben Hakenfleck derselben ver- schieden.
I Exemplar mit der Etikette : » Uganda, R. P. Denoit!" aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung lag vor. Ich beueune die Art zu Ehren des Entdeckers.
Notes from the Leyden. !>Iuseuixi, Vol. XXI.
NEUE PAUSSITiFN.
37
Paussus sesquisulcatus , n, sp. (Taf. 3, Fig. 2, Fühlerkeule).
P. Hearseyano proximus, rufocastaueus , elytris nitidis, capite thoraceque subnitidis, punctatus, elytris nigris, sutura et marginibus rufis. Caput lougitudiue dimidio tantum latius, pone oculos carina elevata transversa alteraque longitudinali mediana tenuiori instructum, occipite leviter emarginato; clypeo impresso, haud emarginato. Antennarum clava in- tegra, brevis et lata, fere trigona, basi postice in spinam conicam producta, margine postico supra oblique bisulcato, sulcis inter se inaequalibus. Prothorax haud bipartitus , in medio constrictus et profunde transversim sulcatus , latitu- dine distincte longior, pars anterior multo latior posteriore, sed longitudine dimidio tantum latior, lateribus omnino rotundatis, disco longitudiualiter canaliculato. Elytra for- titus punctata , subtiliter parce pilosa. Tibiae angustae. — Long. 9 mm.
4 Exemplare, von Herrn Rob. Cb. Wroughton bei Lam- peniicht gefaugen, Nord-Guzerath , Ostiudien.
Zur Unterscheidung von P. Hearseyanus Westw., den icb von Wroughton aus Poona erhielt , dienen die folgende Merkmale :
P. Hearseyanus.
Fühlerkeule schmaler, fast parallelseitig ; oben mit drei unter sich gleich langen Quer- furchen. (Fig. 3).
P. sesquisulcatus.
Fühlerkeule breiter, gegen die Spitze starker verengt, fast dreieckig; oben nur mit zwei Querfurchen, deren aus- sere nur halb so lang ist als die innere (y> sesquisulcatus'^). (Fig. 2).
Kopf nur um die Halfte Kopf niehr als doppelt so breiter als lang, sein Hinter- breit als lang, der Hinterrand rand schmal u. schwach aus- breit und tief ausgeschnitten,
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum , Vol. XXI.
38
NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
geschnitteu , das Kopfscliild voriie uur eiugedrückt, nicht ausgescbuitten.
Prothorax deutlich langer als breit, der Vordertheil kaum mehr als doppelt so breit als lang.
Sculptur matter durch star- tere Runzelung.
das Kopfscbild vorne einge- drückt und ausgeschnitten.
Prothorax etwas breiter als lang, der Vordertheil reichlich dreimal so breit als lang.
Sculptur des Körpers glan- zeuder durch schwachen Run- zelung.
Von beiden Arten lagen cf nnd9vor; die obigeu Unter- schiede sind also keine sexuellen Charaktere. Auch die grossen P. Hearseyanus und sesquisulcatus siud, obwohl noch nicht iu den Araeiseunestern gefunden, doch ziemlich sicher echte Ameisengaste, worauf das gelbe Haartoment in den Furchen der Fühlerkeule hinweist.
Paussus semilineatus , n. sp.
P. lineato Thunbg. proxiraus, ejusdem magnitudinis , formae et coloris (ruber , elytrorum disco uigro) , sed dif~ fert sculptura omniuo aliena, nitida, elytris subtilissime alutaceis, seriatopunctatis, clypeo autice profunde canali- culato , denique auteuuarura clava apice rotundata, nitida, parce punctata , impressionibus raargiuis superioris , prae- sertim ultima (ante apicem) minus profundis. — Long. 6,5 mm.
Da ich ein von Raiïray übersandtes Exemplar des P, lineatus Thunbg. aus Capstadt besitze, welches ich für ty- pisch halte , sehe ich mich genöthigt, die oben beschriebene Form als neue Art aufzustellen , da sie in der Sculptur sowie in der Form der Fühlerkeule von ersterem bedeutend abweicht. Die Unterschiede sind folgende:
P. lineatus Thunbg.: Matt, fast glanzlos, die Flügel- deckeu séhr dicht ruuzlig puuktirt, ohne Puuktreihen. Die Langsrinne des Clypeus kurz und undeutlich. Die Fühler-
Notes trom the Leyden Museum , Vol. XXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 39
keule an der Spitze abgestutzt, glanzlos, sehr dicht kör- nig punktirt, der obere Rand mit 5 scharfen Quereindrücken, von den der letzte (vor der Spitze befindliche) sehr tief und breit grubenförmig ist.
P. semilineatus Wasm. : Thorax stark glanzend , Flügel- decken etwas minder stark, nur der Kopf matt. Flügel- decken sehr fein chagrinirt , mit deutlichen Punktreihen. Die Langsrinne des Clypeus lang und deutlich vertieft. Die Fühlerkeule an der Spitze gerundet , glanzend , sehr fein chagrinirt und sparlich punktirt, die 5 Eindrücke des oberen Randes seicht, besonders der letzte (vor der Spitze befindliche).
1 Exemplar lag vor , von Herrn Dr. Hans Brauns bei Port Elizabeth (Capkolonie) im Nest von Acantholepis ca- pensis Mayr entdeckt.
Von P. Afzelii Westvr. {laetus Gerst.) unterscheidet sich semilineatus besonders durch den Mangel der Tuberkelu am oberen Fühlerrande und die viel schwacheren Eindrücke.
Paussus liher , n. sp. (Taf. 3, Fig. 4).
Rufobrunneus , opacus, elytris praeter basin nigris, cor- pore supra pilis brevissimis flavis haud dense vestito. Ca- put dense granulosum , antice vix emarginatum , a clypeo usque ad medium frontem longitudinaliter canaliculatum , vertice tenuiter bifoveolato, postice transversim plicato. Antennarum clava parva, breviter ovali, ejus longitudine latitudinem paullo tantum superante , utrimque convexa , antice et postice acute marginata, basi supra obtuse den- tata, facie ejus anteriore squamulis flavis ornata. Thorax alutaceus , latitudine vix longior , profunde bipartitus , sulca utrimque flavosetosa; pars thoracis anterior capitis latitu- dine, vix elevata, hand brevior posteriore, in medio cana- liculata, augulis lateralibus rotundatis; pars posterior paullo angustior anteriore, lateribus parallelis, antice profunde depressa, in medio obsolete canaliculata. Elytra parallela,
Notes from the Leyden M.useutxi, Vol. >CXI,
40 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
dense rugosopunctata, omuino opaca. Pedes breves, tibiis eonipressis , late parallelis. Pygidium supra postice oblique impressara , marginatum. — Long. 6 mm.
Eiue Art, deren Verwandtschaft ziemlich schwer festzu- stellen war. Unter den Arten mit tief zweitheiligem Tho- rax ausgezeichnet durch die relativ sehr kleine, blasenför- mige, beiderseits scharf gerandete Fühlerkeule , deren Basis oben einen massig langen , stumpfen , dreieckigen Zabn hat.
Von P. cilipes uud armatus Westw., die eine ahnliche Fühlerbildung haben, durch den Mangel des Stirnbornes verschieden ; von P. laevifrons , ajinis und cognatus Westw., durch den tief zweitheiligen Prothorax verschieden.
lm übrigen in der Gestalt ahnlich dem ostindischen P. cognatus, der eine ahnliche, relativ ebenso kleine Fühler- keule und ahnliche, aber starkere Stirueindrücke besitzt.
Ein Exemplar (9) aus dem Rijksmuseum von Leiden lag vor, mit der Etikette: »Stampfli, Junkriver, Liberia".
Paussus Humholdti Westw. und Var. laevicornis m.
Von P. Humholdti Westw. lagen mir aus dem Leideuer Rijksmuseum 2 Exeraplare vor aus Liberia (Starapfli, Junk- river). Das kleinere misst 9 mm., das grössere 12 mm. Beide stimmen mit Humholdti Westw. im wesentlichen überein und wurden auch von C. A. Dohrn als diese Art bestimmt. Bei dem grosseren der beiden Stücke ist jedoch der Thorax von der Breite des Kopfes, bei dem kleineren ist es sogar eher etwas schmiiler als den Kopf [bei West- wood heisst es (Thes. Ent. Oxou. p. 83) »prothorace capite evidenter latiore"]. Bei dem kleineren sind die 4 Querfur- chen auf der Fühlerkeule deutlich, wenngleich sehr schwach; bei dem grosseren ist die Keule ganz glatt und selbst bei starker Vergrösseruug sind keine Querfurchen zu erkennen (Var. laevicornis Wasm.).
Von Paussus WaterJiousei Westw. (Thes. Ent. Oxon. p. 90, PI. XVI, Fig. 4) lagen mehrere Exemplare vor, die
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
NEUB PAUSSIDEN. 41
ich trotz der beim Vergleich rait Westwoods Beschreibung und Abbilduug sich ergebenden kleiueu Differenzen nicht von jener Art zu trennen wage. Die Seitenecken des vor- dern Prothoraxtheiles siad uicht so spitz vortretend und die Breite desselben daher kaum oder nicht bedeutender als die Kopfbreite. Der vScheiteleindruck bildet nicht eine tiefe ringsum gerandete Grube , sondern zwei hohe , fast ohnnuschelförmige Hoeker , deren Höhlungen einander zu- gewaudt und durch eine breite Langsfurche getrennt sind.
Die Fundorte der 4 mir vorliegenden Exemplare sind :
Taudjong Morawa, Serdang (N. O. Sumatra), Dr. B. Hagen ! — 1 Ex. aus dera Rijksmuseum (5 mm. lang).
Malacca, Perak , W. Doherty! — 2 Ex. aus R. Ober- thür's Sammlung (6 mm. lang).
Haute Birmanie, État de Momeit, 660 M., W. Doherty! 1890. — 1 Ex. aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung (6 mm. lang).
Das Exemplar aus dem Rijksmuseum wurde auch von C. Ritsema als Waterhousei bestimmt.
Von Paussus Klugi Westw. lagen aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung 3 Exemplare vor vom Kilima Ndjaro (Ostafrika), von R. F. Le Roy 1890 gesammelt. Dieselben unterscheiden sich von den südafrikanischen Stücken nur durch ein we- nig starkeren Querwulst des Hinterkopfes und ein wenig stjirkere Punktirung der Flügeldecken. Der Fundortsetikette war beigefügt ))en compagnie de petites fourmis."
Paussus LeRoyi, n. sp.
(Taf. 3, Fig. 5, Fühlerkeule).
Niger, subnitidus , nudus, subtilissirae alutaceus, corporis forma angusta. Caput carinis duabus longitudinalibus a vertice transversim sulcato usque ad apicem instructum , inter carinas sulcatum , inter carinas et oculos impressum. Antennarum clava capite dimidio longior, elongata, com- pressa, paullo curvata, a basi usque ad apicem subtrunca- tum sensim angustata, facies ejus anterior sulca longitudi-
ZSotes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXJ.
42 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
nali instructa , margo posterior totus auguste sed profunde sulcatus , sulca 6-foveolata , marginibus sulcae haud deuta- tis, omuiuo integris. Thorax profuude bipartitus, pars an- terior capita vix latior , brevis , elevata , in medio sulcata , latior posteriori; posterior lateribus parallelis, antice pro- fuude depressa , utrimque flavofasciculata , postice longitu- dinaliter impressa. Elytra subtilissime alutacea, parallela. Pygidium infra alte marginatum. Pedes breves.^ lati, tibiis compressis, posterioribus valde dilatatis. — Long. 6 mm.
Eiue scblanke Art , vou der Gestalt und Grosse des P. Klugi Westw. , auch durcb die Fühlerbildung zur Klugi- Gruppe gebörig. Der lange , breit langsgefurchte Kopf ge- hort jedoch eiuem ganz anderen Typus an und erinnert an P. Shuckardi und Curtisi, so wie an Germari und Schaumi. Die Fühlerkeule (Fig. 5) von LeRoyi ist so lang wie der Kopf und der vordere Theil des Prothorax zusam- men , sehr schwach aber doch deutlich gekrümmt, von ahn- licher Form wie bei P. Klugi, aber breiter und seitlich stiirker zusammengedrückt, nicht parallel, sondern von der Basis bis zur sehr stumpf gerundeten , fast abgestutzten , Spitze geradlinig verengt; der Vorderseite zeigt eine durch- gehende breite Langsfurche, der Hinterrand ist schmal und tief von der Basis bis zur Spitze gefurcht, mit 6 Gruben innerhalb der Furche , aber mit völlig geraden , ungezahn- ten Randern der Furche. Die verbreiterten Schienen , be- sonders die Hinterschienen, unterscheiden diese Art ebenfalls von allen Verwandten.
1 Exemplar, N'guru, Zanquebar, R. P. Le Roy! Ich benenne die Art zu Ehren des Entdeckers. — In Mus. R. Oberthür.
Paussus pallidefulvus , n. sp. (Taf. 3, Fig. 6, Fühlerkeule).
Pallide testaceus, opacus, dense scabreque granuloso- punctatus , pilis brevibus flavis paullo depressis vestitus. Caput profunde lateque excavatum. Antennarum clava (Fig.
Notes from the Leydeii IMuseum, Vol. JCXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 43
6) longa, eosiforrais (fere ut in P. Germari) , valde com- pressa, distincte curvata , a basi usque ad apicem paullo dilatata , apice rotuudato ; augulo basali externo omnino obtuso, rotundato, margine postico vix canaliculato. Tho- rax bipartitus, pars anterior elevata, baud latior posteriore, iu medio caualiculata; pars posterior basiu versus attenuata, angulis anticis rotundatis , in medio depressa et postice trisulcata. Elytra seriatim breviter pilosa et fortius punc- tata. Pedes médiocres, baud dilatati. — Long. 5 mm.
Zur Gruppe von P. Germari Westw. gehörig , von sei- nen Verwandten verschieden durcb die blass gelbbraune Farbung, die lief ausgehöblte Oberseite des Kopfes und uamentlich durch die Form der Fühlerkeule (Fig. 6). Die- selbe ist langer als der Kopf und Vordertbeil des Thorax zusammen, von der halben Breite des Kopfes, ganz platt, von der Basis zur Spitze deutlich gekriimmt und schwach er- weitert, mit gerundeter Spitze und ganz stumpfem , vöUig gerundetem Basalzahn ; der Hinterrand der Fühlerkeule ist kaum sichtbar schmal gefurcht. Die Fühlerkeule ist mit kurzen , gegeu die Fühlerspitze geneigten Harchen besetzt.
1 Exemplar aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung lag vor mit der Etikette: ))Franceville, ex Musaeo Gambey, 1882".
Zur Germari-Grup^e gehort auch P. Grmididieri (Sikorai) Pouj. (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891, pp. XXXVI et LIL — Le Naturaliste (2) n». 140, 1 Janv. 1893, p. 15). Ich gebe eine Abbildung der Art nach einem von R. P. Camboue, Ta- nanariva, Madagascar, 1889 gefangenen Exemplar aus der Sammlung R. Oberthür's. (Taf. 3, Fig. 7).
Paussus quadricornis , n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fig. 8, Fühlerkeule).
Niger, capite, antennarum clava, prothoracis parte an- teriore, elytrorum basi, marginibus et apice extremo rufis; paullo nitidus , elytris parce breviterque pilosis , marginibus eorum lateralibus et margine posteriore podicis longius ru- fosetosis. Caput nitidum , punctatum, clypeo emarginato,
Notes from the Leyden Mluseum, Vol. XXI.
44 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
vertice elevato , late aperto (pex'forato). Antennarum art. 1° valide puuctato ; antennarum clava (antice visa) elongato- quadrata (Fig. 7), apice haud angustior quam basi, infra acute marginata, supra profunde lateque excavata, exeava- tiouis raarginibus obtuse dentatis , margine postico vix seti- gero ; dente superior! basali clavae lato , longo et reflexo , iuferiori parvo ; clava praeter marginem superiorem nitidum opaca, densissime punctata. Prothorax uitidus, puuctatus, longitudine paullo latior, capite paullo angustior, pars ejus anterior et posterior ejusdem latitudinis; pars anterior bre- vis, valde elevata, in medio canaliculata , lateribus utriraque profunde excisis et propterea hidentatis', pars pro thoracis posterior antice profunde lateque depressa, depressioue laevi, longitudinaliter canaliculata. Elytra parallela, dense alu- tacea, vix nitida. Pygidium flavosetosum. Pedes médiocres, tibiis paullo compressis , vix dilatatis. — Long. 6 mm.
Gehort zur Gruppe des F. denticulatus Westw., mit dem er in Körperform, Bildung des Halsschildes und der Fühler- keule verwandt ist. Er unterscheidet sich jedoch von die- sem wie von sammtlichen Verwandten besonders durch die (von vorn gesehen) rechteckige, an der Spitze sehr breit abgestutzte Fühlerkeule (Fig. 8), welche fast an P. Fichteli Donov. erinnert; ferner durch den jederseits tiefausgeschnit- tenen und daher jederseits zweizahnigeu Vordertheil des Prothorax. Von denticulatus überdies verschieden durch den schmaleren Hintertheil des Prothorax und den nur ganz stumpf gezahnteu , mit sehr kurzen Börstchen ver- schenen Hinterrand der Aushöhlung der Fühlerkeule, sowie durch die sehr kurze und sparliche Behaarung der Flügel- decken, Von P. nauceras Bens, verschieden durch die kurze, sparliche Behaarung, den Mangel eines Mittelkieles auf der Stirn und die viel breitere Fühlerkeule, Von P. Boioringi Westw. verschieden durch die matte Sculptur der Fühler- keule, durch die Bilduug des Scheitels, welcher höckerar- tig aufgetrieben und mit eiuem eiufachen, weiteu Loch ver- sehen ist (nicht mit 2 kleinen Hockeru); ferner auch durch die kurze , sparliche Behaarung und durch die Form des
Notes from the Leyclen IMuseutu , Vol. XXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 45
Prothorax. Von P. politus Westw., mit dem die Behaarung der Flügeldecken übereinstiaitut, verschieden durch die viel breitere Fühlerkeule sowie durch die tief ausgeschnitten Seiten des Vordertheils des Prothorax. Von P. ploiophorus Bens, verschieden durch die sparliche, kurze Behaarung, durch den schmaleren , hiuteren Halsschildtheil , durch den Mangel grosser gelber Haarbüschel am Pygidium , endlich durch den viel starker entw^ickelten Basalzahn der Füh- lerkeule.
Ein Exemplar aus R. Oberthür's öammlung lag zur An- sicht vor, mit der Etikette : » Haute Birmanie, Etat de Momeit, 600 m. Doherty ! 1890."
Paussus semirufus, n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fig. 9).
Niger, elytrorum dimidio posteriore laete rubro, ventre piceo, opacus, elytris nitidis. Caput dense granulosum , clypeo antice profunde depresso et emarginato , in medio carinatum, carina usque ad fossara verticis attingente, ver- tice elevato , elevatione in medio perforata. Antennae art. 1'' grosse punctato et grauulato ; clava antennarum elon- gata, latitudine triplo longior, lateribus parallelis, infra acute raarginata , supra profunde a basi usque ad apicem excavata. excavatione transversini sulcata, excavationis mar- gine antico vix , postico distincte dentato, dentibus pilige- ris; dense punctata et opaca praeter margines superiores nitidos. Collum inter caput et thoracera valde distinctum. Thorax dense granulosus, longitudine baud latior, profunde bipartitus ; pars anterior brevis , capite paullo latior , alte elevatus, cristatus, in medio et utrimque ante angulos la- terales acutos profunde excisus ; sulca inter partem anterio- rem et posteriorem utrimque tenuiter flavopenicillata ; pars posterior multo angustior anteriore sed longior, lateribus antice paullo dilatatis et laevigatis, antice in medio pro- funde depressa, postice obsolete foveolata. Elytra thorace duplo latiora, parallela, lateribus flavopilosis, antice dense,
Notes from, the Leyden Museum, Vol. >^XI.
46 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
postice vix punctata , punctis majoribus subseriatis et pili- geris. Pygidium supra flavosetosuui , margine postico ele- vato et utrimque flavopenicillato. Pedes médiocres, tibiis compressis. — Long. 7 mm., lat. elytr. 2,5 mm.
Eine sehr ausgezeichnete Art, in Körpergestalt, Bildung des Kopfes , des Halsschildes und der Fühlerkeule verwandt mit P. Ludekingi Voll., Andreae Rits., Ritsemae Wasm. und Lucasseni Wasm. (Notes Leyd. Mus. XVIII, p. 66). 8ie unterscheidet sich von allen dieseu Arten leicht durch die viel schmalere und schlankere Fühlerkeule, sowie durch die scharf zweifarbigen Flügeldecken , ferner auch durch die Form des vorderen Halsschildtheiles, welcher starker kragenförmig erhaben und mit 3 tiefen Ausschnitten versehen ist, sowie durch die schlankere, dem P. Kanne- gieteri Wasm. ahnlichere Körpergestalt. Von letzterer Art trennt sie die hinten tief sackförmig ausgehöhlte Fühler- keule , die Farbuug etc.
1 Exemplar, aus K. Oberthür's Sammluug, mit der Etikette: »Lamblong, 5.80; ex Musaeo van Lansberge". (Lamblong liegt nach Herrn C. Ritsema's Mittheilung in der Regent- schaft Rembang, am Flusse Blitong auf Java).
Paussus javanus , n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fig. 10, Fühlerkeule).
Brunneus, subnitidus, pilis erectis brevibus vestitus, in elytris pilis longioribus erectis hirsutus. Antennarum clava similis P. Kannegieteri Wasm., sed brevior et magis inflata (vgl. Fig. 10 u. 11), breviter ovalis, basi tridentata, dente postico longo et acuto , dente medio obtuso ; clava supra (margine postico) leviter et anguste sulcata, sulcae margine postico obtuse dentato, dentibus piligeris. Caput thorace vix angustius , rugulosum , margine antico exciso et de- presso , clypeo longitudiualiter carinato, fronte cornu brevi, apice aperto, instructa. Thorax subtiliter rugulosus, pars anterior latior et pauUo brevior posteriore, postice longi- tudinaliter sulcata, angulis lateralibus subacutis; pars pos-
Notes from tlie Leyden Museum, Vol XXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 47
terior lateribus parallelis , antice ia medio profunde excavata. Elytra coriacea, seriebus punctorum piligerorum iustructa, augulo apicali externo tuberculato. Pygidium margine in- feriore longe denseque flavofasciculato. Pedes angusti, sat longi. — Long. 5,5 mm.
Geliört mit P. Kannegieteri Wasm. (Notes Leyd. Mus. XVIII, p. 67 u. Taf. 1, Fig. 2) zu jener Abtheilung der javanischen Paussiis, die eineu Uebergang zwischen deu A.rten mit eiförmiger (nicht ausgehöhlter) und mit muscbel- förmiger (tief ausgehöhlter) Fühlerkeule bilden; die eiför- mige, stark blasenförmig verdickte Keule ist namlich an ihrem Hinterrande nicht ausgehöhlt sondern nur flach ge- furcht, die Furche am Hinterrande gezahut; an der Basis der Keule befinden sich 3 Zahne. Javanus unterscheidet sich von Kannegieteri durch die braune Farbung, die dich- tere Punktirung und Behaarung, den kürzeren Prothorax und namentlich durch die viel kürzere und dickere Fühlerkeule (vgl. die Fig. 10 u. 11), an welcher der Rand der Rücken- furche nur ganz stumpf gezahnt ist ; von den 3 Zalmen der Basis ist der hintere noch langer und spitzer als bei Kannegieteri , der mittlere viel undeutlicher und stumpfer ; zwischen dem mittleren und dem vorderen Zahn findet sich ein tiefer Ausschnitt.
1 Exemplar aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung lag vor, mit der Etikette »Java, Ardjoeno, ex Musaeo van Lansberge".
Paussus Oberthüri , n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fig. 12, 12a Thoraxprofil von vorne).
Rufobrunneus, opacus; capite subnitido, clypeo latis- simo, utrimque elevato et paullo producto, in medio pro- funde exciso; vertice trifoveolato; antenuarum clava naviformi, postice profunde longeque excavata, excavatione transversim sulcata, marginibus excavationis intus subden- tatis ; thorace elongato , parte ejus anteriore elevata , in medio impresso , ante angulos laterales spini for- mes profunde sinuata, parte posteriore in medio pro- Notes from the Leyden. ]Museu.ixi, Vol. X.X.J.
48 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
funde excavata, excavatioae trisulcata, lateribus antice acute productis ; elytris subtilissime pubescentibus , apice setis fulvis brevibus iustructo. Pedes médiocres, vix com- pressi. — Long. 6 mm.
Mit P. Humhloti Raffr. und opacus Kr. verwandt, be- sonders mit letzterera. Von ersterem durch die matte Sculp- tur, die eiuförmig braunrothe Farbung und der Bildung der Fühlerkeule verscbieden, deren Vorderrand keine Grübchen besitzt sondern nur furchenartig eingedrückt ist. Mit P. opacus Kr. in der matten Sculptur und in der Form der Fübler sehr abnlich, aber scblauker, mit glanzenderem , langerem Kopfe, starker erweitertem und verlangertem Kopfschild und grösserer Füblerkeule, die nocb starker ausgeböhlt ist. Die Vorderecken des breiten Kopfschildes sind nicht niedergedrückt , sondern schwacb aufgebogen. Die Scbeitel bat drei tiefe scharf begrenzte Eindrücke, von denen der mittlere furchenförmig , die seitlichen gru- benförmig sind. Der vordere Theil des Prothorax ist ganz anders als bei opacus, indera die öcbeibe zu beiden Seiteu des Mitteleiudruckes starker gewulstet ist und die Seiten vor den spitzen dornförmigen Seitenecken tie f ausge- bucbtet sind, wahrend sie bei P. opacus geradlinig bis zu den stumpfen Seitenecken verlaufen (vgl. Fig. 12 a u. 13). Feruer ist der Prothorax bei opacus nur so lang als breit, bei Oberthüri tast um ein Drittel langer als breit.
Von P. Sikoranus Dohrn unterscheidet ihn der Mangel der Tuberkeln auf den Flügeldecken , die verschiedene Sculptur und Grosse. Von P. Sikorai Pouj. {Grandidieri Pouj.) namentlich die kahnförmige, nicht beilförmige Füh- lerkeule (vgl. Fig. 7 u. 12).
In der Furche zwischen Vorder- und flintertheil des Halsschildes steht jederseits ein kleiner gelber Haarbüschel und die Spitze der Flügeldecken ist wie bei opacus mit einer Reihe kürzerer dornförmiger Haarpinsel besetzt , vor denen einfache Börstchen stehen.
2 Exemplare aus der Sammlung René Oberthür's lagen vor mit der Etikette: »Nordmadagascar, Antakares, Isoki-
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuiii, Vol. XXI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN. 49
traa Diego Suarez, Mai a Octobre 1891, E. & B. Perrot!" Ich erlaube mir, die schone Art meinem Freunde Herrn R. Oberthür zu dediciereu.
Paussus Perroti, n. sp. (Taf. 4, Fig. 14, Clypeus).
Rufobrunneus, totus opacus, capite brevi , profuude im- presso et utrimque tuberculato, tuberculo aperto (perforato) ; antennarum clava elongata , uavifornii , postice profunde excavata ; clypeo brevi , exciso , utrimque baud producto , anguste nigro-marginato. — Long. 6 mm.
Mit P. opacus Kr. ebenfalls nahe verwandt, von ibm jedoch durch den tief eingedrückten , jederseits beulenartig aufgetriebenen Oberkopf verschieden ; jede der zwei Beulen bildet ein kurzes, offeues Scbeitelborn. Aucb ist die Fübler- keule viel langer uud sebmaler als bei P. opacus, gegen die Spitze ganz allmablicb stark verengt (daber von vorne geseben fast spitz-dreieckig) ; sie ist mebr als doppelt so lang als an der Basis breit und der Hinterrand ibrer Aus- böblung tritt nicht so hoch vor wie bei P. opacus. Von dem gleichfalls nahe verwandten P. Oberthüri W asm. duvch. das seitlich nicht ausgeschnittene Halsschild und durch den viel kürzeren , glanzlosen , viel tiefer und breiter einge- drückten Kopf verschieden. Das Kopfschild ist viel kürzer und sebmaler als bei jenen beiden Arten , in der Mitte nur ausgerandet und an den Seiten nicht aufgebogen oder vorgezogen ; es ist fein scbwarz gerandet (vgl. die Fig. 12, 13a, 14).
2 Exemplare » Madagascar, Antsianaka, Frères Perrot, 2e Semestre 1890" aus R. Oberthür's Sammlung lagen vor. Ich benenne die Art zu Ehren der Entdecker.
Zur Unterscheidung der drei nahe verwandten , glanz- losen, rothbraunen Arten mit muschelförmiger Fühlerkeule, P. opacus Kr., Oberthüri Wasm. und Perroti Wasm. diene folgende Uebersicht: a. Clypeo (Fig. 12) lato , producto, profunde bilobato,
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuna, Vol. XX.I.
4*
50 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
lobis rotandatis. Froute profunde trifoveolata (Fig. 12). Thoracis partis auterioris lateribus utrimque profunde excisis (Fig. 12a). Oherthüri Wasm.
h. Clypeo (Fig. 13a) lato , producto, quadrato, in medio anguste exciso. Fronte iu medio leviter impressa. Tho- racis partis auterioris lateribus haud excisis (Fig. 13).
opacus Kraatz.
c. Clypeo (Fig. 14) brevi et augustato , in medio exciso, anguste nigro-marginato. Fronte profunde sulcata et utrimque alte tuberculata, tuberculis apice apertis. Thoracis partis auterioris lateribus haud excisis.
Perroti Wasm.
Nachteag zur Lisïe der Paussidenwirthe ^).
Als Berichtigung zu der dortigen Liste is zu bemerken : Pheidole jordanica Saulcy ist Var. von megacephala F., nicht von sinaitica Mayr (teste Emery, der die Typen von jordanica verglichen hat).
Die von Péringuey als Pheidole capensis Mayr bezeich-
nete Wirthsameise von Paussus Linnei uud Surmeisteri ist
nach einer brieflichen Mittheiluug von Dr. Brauns höchst
wahrscheinlich Ph. megacephala var. punctulata Mayr.
Als NEUE WiRTHSANGABEN ^) siud dcu frühercu beizufügen :
Bei Pheidole megacephala var. punctulata Mayr:
Paussus cucullatus Westw. (Capkolonie, Dr. Brauus ! ,
P.O'Neil!, sehr haufig). P. semicucullaUislèxQ,\x\i^, n. sp. (Capkolonie, Brauns!). P. Braunsi Per. (Capkolonie , Brauns !) ^). P. Curtisi Westw. (Capkolonie, Brauns ! , haufig). P. granulatus Westw. (Capkolonie, Brauns!). Bei Pheidole megacephala nov. subsp. (nach Emery) : P. Elizabethae Pe'r. (Capkolonie, Brauns !). P. cucullatus Westw. (Natal, G. D. Haviland !).
1) Notes Leyd. Mus. XVIII, S. 75, 76.
2) Die Ameisenarten sind von Prof. Emery (Bolo2;na) bestimmt.
3) Dieser Paussus ist nicht, wie Péringuey (Trans. Phii. Soc. South-Afr. 1897, p. 40) angibt, bei Pheidole capensis, sondern bei Pfi. punctulata gefunden worden.
r^otes frona the Leyden Museuin, Vol. X!XI.
NEUE PAUSSIDEN, 51
P. cultratus Westw. (Natal, G. D. Haviland !). Bei Tetramorium quadrispinosum Em. :
P. cochlearius Westw. (Capkolonie, Brauns!). Bei Technomyrmex alhipes subsp. Foreli Em.:
P. cochlearius Westw. (Capkolonie, Brauus !). Bei Acantholepis capensis Mayr:
P. semilineatus Wasm. n. sp, (Capkolonie, Brauns!). Dass P. cochlearius jene zwei Ameisenarten , die sogar verschiedeneu Unterfarailien angehören , als normale Wirthe hat, ist durch Dr. Brauns festgestellt.
Exaeten bei Roermond, Pebruar 1899.
Notes from the Leyclen 3Iu.seum, Vol. XXI.
52 NEUE PAUSSIDEN.
ERKLARUNG DER ABBILDUNGEN auf Taf. 3 uud 4.
(Die Figuren sind gezeichnet mit Microscop Zeiss und Cam. lucida Abbe).
Fig. 1. Homopterits aequatoriensis Wasm.; \a Vorderfuss. „ 2. Fühlerkeule von Paussus sesquisulcatus Wasra. (Vor-
derausicht). „ 3. Fühlerkeule von Paussus Hearseyanus Westw. (Vor-
deransicht). ^ 4. Paussus liber Wasm. „ 5. Fühlerkeule von Paussus LeRoyi Wasm. (Vorder-
ansicht). „ 6. Fühler von Paussus pallidefulvus Wasm. (Vorder-
ansicht). „ 7. Paussus Grandidieri Pouj. „ 8. Fühlerkeule von Paussus quadricornis Wasm. (Vor-
deransicht). y, 9. Paussus semirufus Wasm. „ 10. Fühlerkeule von Paussus javanus Wasm. (Vorder-
ansicht). „ 11. Fühlerkeule von Paussus Kannegieteri Wasm. (Vor-
derausicht). „ 12. Paussus Oherthüri Wasm.; 12a Thoraxprofil (Vor-
deransicht). „ 13. Thoraxprofil (Vorderansicht) von Paussus OpacusKv, „ 13a. Clypeus von Paussus opacus Kr. „ 14. Clypeus von Paussus Perroti Wasm.
JiJotes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
CRUSTACEANS OF THE DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITIUN. 53
NOTE VI.
ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE DUTCH SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TO CENTRAL BORNEO.
THE CRUSTACEANS
Dr. J. G. de MAN.
PaRT II. Brachyura. ') (Plates 5—12).
Like the Macroura, also the Brachyura collected by Dr. Biittikofer in Central Borneo ought to be considered as a valuable contribution to the Carcinological Fauna of this Island. Fifteen species were collected, all but one fresh- water forms, inhabitants of the Kapoeas-basin and of the Upper Mahakkam, and of these 14 Land- and Freshwater- species no less than eleven or twelve proved to be new to Science! As far as I am aware, only three freshwater crabs were hitherto known to inhabit the large Island of Borneo, viz. Parathelphusa tridentata H. M. E., Potamon borneense v. Mart, and Pot. loxophthalmum de M. Now, however, this number has increased quintuple ! Firstly a remarkable new species of Menippe ought to be mentioned.
1) Part I, Macroura, has been published in Vol. XX, 1898, of this periodical. Notes from the Leyclen Museura, Vol. XXI.
54 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
that was captured at Sanggau on the Middle Kapoeas. It is closely allied to the rare Menippe Panope Herbst from Tranquebar, a species not yet found back since Herbst, as far as I know, and that perhaps once may prove to be also a freshwater crab, whereas the other representa- tives of Menippe and Myomenippe are marine forms. A new description and a figure of the equally little-known Myomenippe Fornasinii, made after a type-specimen from the Paris Natural History Museum, is added, though this species was not collected. A pretty small Sesarma proved also to be new, unfortunately the locality was not defined, but very likely it has been collected at Sintang.
The other 11 or 12 species are all Thelphusidae. Pa- rathelplmsa tridentata H. M. E. is represented by 15 spe- cimens; this species is, already since 1868, known to in- habit Borneo by von Martens. This author described in the same year also a new Potamon from Borneo, Potamon borneense, a new variety of which was now collected, pro- bably at Sintang. For this species and for two other new ones a new subgenus Perithelphusa is established.
An interesting new species, belonging to the subgenus Potamon s. s., was discovered by Dr. Nieuwenhuis on the Upper Mahakkam , and another allied form on Mount Damoes and on the Upper Sibau river. Both were compa- red with type-specimens of Pot. sinuatifrons H. M. E. from the Paris Museum.
On the Liang-Koeboeng Chain a remarkable new Po- tamon was captured, that bears a striking resemblance to Pot. austenianuni W.-Mas., a species that inhabits Assam and that evidently is represented in Borneo by the new species. The four remaining belong to the subgenus Geot/iel- phusa and are all new to science.
Professor Burger of Göttingen was so kind as to send me the type-specimens of the Thelphusidae described by him in 1894. None of these species from the Philippines and Cape York proved to be iden- tical with those of the Borne o-E xpeditiou and I
Notes Irom the Leydeji Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 55
could state, moreover, that Potamon smwa^i/ro^rs H. M. E., the habitat of which was still unknown, is indeed an in- habitant of the Philippine Islands.
As regards the localities where the species were col- lected, I refer the reader to Dr. Büttikofer's account of the Expedition, published in Vol. XIX, 1897, pp. 1 — 25.
At the end of this Report one will find a List of all the species of Potamon Sav. and Parathelphusa H. M. E., hitherto described.
The species collected are the following: Ménippe Ortmanni, n. sp. Potamon {Parathelphusa) tridentata H. M. E.
» {Perithelphusa) borneense v. Mart., var. hilaris, n.
» » Bilttikoferi, n. sp.
» » silvicola, n. sp.
» sp.
» {Potamon) mahakkamense., n. sp.
» » co7isobrinum, n. sp.
» » Melanippe, n. sp.
» (Geothelphusa) kenepai^ n. sp.
> » hendersonianum, n. sp.
» » Burgerij n. sp.
» » bicristatum, n. sp.
Metopograpsus messor Forsk., var. gracilipes d. 'M. Sesarma (Sesarma) Arnphinome, n. sp.
Remarks about the indopacific species of the genera Menippe de Haan and Myomenippe Hilgd.
Menippe de Haan.
This genus is represented in the Indopacific Region by five species, viz. :
1° Menippe Rumphii Fabr. Indian Ocean, Makassar. 2° » armata Eyd. & Soul. Sandwich Islands. 3° » convexa Rathb. Honolulu. 4° » Panope Herbst. Tranquebar.
5° » Ortmunni, n. sp. Middle Kapoeas.
Notes from the Leyden Aluseum, Vol. XX.I.
56 CFIUSTACEANS OF THE
Myomenippe Hilgd.
Myomenippe apparently contains only two species : 1° Myomenippe Hardivickii Gray. 2° » Fornasinii Bianc.
Menippe Bumphii Pabr. is identical with Menippe Belan- geri H. M. E., but Menippe Bumphii H. M. E. is au American species, inhabiting the coast of Brazil (A. Milue Edwards, Etudes sur les Xiphosures et les Crustacés de la Region Mexicaine, p. 263, PI. 48, fig. 4).
Me7iippe granulosa Strahl (1861) is, according to von Martens (1872), identical with Menippe Panope Herbst.
There can be no doubt that Myomenippe Hardioickii Gray, the type of which is from the Indian Ocean, and Myom. duplicidens Hilgd. from South Celebes are one and the same species (confer: Miers, Annals and Magazine Nat. History, Ser. 5, Vol. 5, 1880, p. 233). As I have previously shown (in : The Journal of the Linueau Society, Vol. XXII, 1888, p. 40), Myom. duplicidens Hilgd. is also identical with Myom. granulosa A. M. E. (1867).
The second species of Myomenippe., found in the Indo- pacific Seas, is Myom. Fornasinii Bianc, described below.
Pelaeus armatus Eyd. & Soul. (Voyage de la Bonite) belongs, according to Dana, to the genus Menippe and I am of the same opinion. This species, that occurs at the Sandwich Islands, differs by several striking characters from the four other species of this genus. The front is quadridentate, the first and the second an tero -lateral tooth are lobate and incised, the third is acuminate anteriorly, the fourth is spiniform.
Menippe guadridens de Haan and 31en. af finis de Haan, both from the Moluccas, are nomina uuda (Fauna Japo- nica, p. 21).
Menippe parvula de Haan , Cape of Good Hope, is a true Actaea (de Man, 1. c. p. 27).
Notes from the Lieyden üMuseuixi , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 57
Menippe Martensii Krauss from Natal and the Red Sea is apparently uo Menippe, because the fingers are exca- vated and because the cephalothorax and the front have a different shape.
Herklots (Symbolae cai-cinologicae, 1861 , p. 11) makes still mention of a Menippe tetrodon de Haan from the Moluccas, but this species is not recorded in the » Fauna Japonica."
Menippe signata White from the Mauritius and Meiiippe? Cuniingii White from the Philippine Islands are nomina nuda; the latter is apparently no Menippel (Gray, List of the Crustacea of the British Museum, 1847, p. 19).
Myomenippe Fornasinii Bianc. (Plate 7, fig. Ij.
Galene Fornasinii Bianconi, Specimina Zoologica Mosam- bicana, Fasciculus V, 1851, p. 84.
Galene'^ liirtipes Jacquinot et Lucas, Voyage an Pole Sud et dans I'Oceanie etc. T. Ill, 1853, Part 3. Crustaces, PI. IX, fig. 3.
Menippe Leguillouii A. Milne Edwards , Annales Soc. Entomol. France (4) T. 7, 1867, p. 274.
Menippe {Myomenippe) Fornasinii Hilgendorf , in : Mo- natsbericht königl. Akad. Wiss. zu Berlin, Nov. 1878, p. 795.
? Pararuppellia saxicola Haswell, Catalogue of the Austra- lian Stalk- and sessile-eyed Crustacea, 1882, p. 74.
Myomenippe Leguilloui Ortmann , Die Decapodenkrebse des Strassburger Museums, 1893 — 94, p. 432.
Though this rare species is not in the collection, a new description and a new figure may be welcome.
Two type-specimens of Menippe Leguillouii A. M. E. from the Paris Natural History Museum are lying before me ; they are in a dry state , an adult female without eggs and a young male, collected by Leguillou in the »Mer des Indes" (A. Milne Edwards, 1. c). One of these speci- mens was sent by me to Prof. Hilgendorf at Berlin, who, together with Dr. Romer, compared it with the specimens
Notes from, the LiCyden. JMuseum, Vol. X.XI.
4,**
58 CRUSTACF.ANS OF THE
from the Coast of Mozambique that in 1878 were described by the former under the name of Menippe Fornasinii^ and Dr. Romer thereupon informed me that it was iden- tical with them. I therefore conclude that Bianconi's species and Myomenippe Leguillouii A. M. E. are indeed one and the same species.
Galene'^ Jiirtipes Jacq. and Lucas and Myom. Leguillouii A. M. E. are apparently ideutical, as both the description and the figures in the » Voyage au Pole Sud" fully agree with the type specimens of the latter.
Ortmann refers to this species also Haswell's Para- ruppellia saxicola from the Eastern coast of Australia, which indeed appears quite probable. As also a specimen of Myom. granulosa A. M. E. from the Mergui-collection is lying before me, it will be easy to indicate the prin- cipal differences between the two species of Myomenippe.
As regards their outer appearance, the general shape of cephalothorax and legs, both species closely resemble one another. The front and the orbits show the same characters, fully agreeing in the number and the form of the teeth. Behind the outer angles of the orbits that are acute and dentiform , in both specimens four teeth are observed and in both the second is the largest of all. This second tooth, however, appears in M. Fornasinii slightly longer in proportion to the first than in Myom. granulosa A. M. E. In M. granulosa A. M. E. the distances between the tip of the second tooth and those of the third and first are about in proportion as 3:2, but in Bianconi's species as 5:3. The first and the second tooth are moreover less prominent in M. Fornasinii., the second tooth indeed is 8-times as long as high, but in Myom. granulosa 6 times: in other words the anterior margin of these teeth appears somewhat shorter in proportion to their length than in Myom. granulosa A. M. E. The margins of the autero-lateral teeth are finely granulate in M. Fornasinii, but in the other the granules are conical, more prominent and less numerous. The inter-
>Jotes from the Leyden Museum, \"ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 59
regional grooves are, at least on the anterior half of the upper surface, quite distinct and moderately deep in M. granulosa, but they are almost wanting in M. Fornasinii', the mesogastric furrow that bifurcates posteriorly, reaching, however, only till the middle of the gastric region , is faintly indicated and so also the lateral portions of the cervical suture, the grooves between the gastric region and the anterior branchial one , but other grooves are not to be seen. In M. granulosa the regions of the upper surface before the line that unites the antero-lateral teeth of the last pair with one another, are distinct and well- defined, more or less prominent and covered with coarse granules, but the interregional grooves and furrows are smooth ; in M. Fornasinii on the contrary the regions are scarcely distinct, inconspicuous, and the whole upper surface of the cephalothorax appears smooth to the naked eye. Only when the carapace is examined under a strong magnifying glass, one observes a minute granulation near the antero-lateral and on the postero-lateral margins, on the frontal teeth, on the upper margin of the orbits and on the epigastric lobes. In both species, immediately behind the frontal teeth of the second pair, a small tubercle is present; this tubercle is less cons- picuous, more rounded in the species described by Bianconi. The general shape of the chelipedes is the same in both and even as regards the form and the toothing of the fingers , M. Fornasinii agrees with M, granulosa. These legs, however, are everywhere quite smooth in Bianconi's species, but conspicuously granulated in M. granu- losa, as has been described in my Report on the Crustacea of the Mergui Archipelago. The chelae of M. Fornasinii appear, however, distinctly punctate to the naked eye; these puncta are more numerous and somewhat larger on the upper margin of the palm than on its convex outer surface and between them a much finer microscopical punctulation is moreover observed, when the legs are exa- mined under a strong lens.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol, XXI.
60 CRUSTACEANS OF THK
The ambulatory legs also agree with those of M. granu- losa A. M. E. ').
The measurements of the adult female, type of Menippe Leguillouii A. M. E. from the Paris Museum, are the following:
Measurements in mm.:
Distance between the penultimate antero-lateral teeth = Breadth of the
cephalothorax 62
Length of the cephalothorax (front included) 42j-
Distance between the outer orbital angles 29
Distance between the inner angles of the upper orbital margins ... 19 Distance between the external orbital angle and the tip of the first antero- lateral tooth Z\
Distance between the tip of the first and that of the second antero-lateral tooth 1\
Distance between the tip of the second and that ofthe third antero-lateral tooth 12 Distance between the tip of the third and that of the last antero-lateral tooth 9^ Width of the posterior margin, i. e. the distance between the bases of
the fifth pair of legs 11^
Length of the larger hand 47
Horizontal length of the palm 33
Height of the palm at the articulation of the fingers 24
Length of the ambulatory legs of the last pair 55
Length of the meropodite of these legs 16
Breadth „ >, - » ./ 7
Length of the propodites of these legs, in the middle 12
Breadth „ ;, , „ „ . ., ,. h\
Length of the dactylopodites of these legs \\\
Genus Menippe de Haan. Menippe Ortmanni^ n. sp.
(Plate 5, fig. 2).
One single female without eggs was collected by Mr. L. C. Westenenk at Sanggau on the Middle Kapoeas. This pretty small Menippe, which I have the pleasure
1) I may here remark that Ortmann (in: Semon, Zoolog. Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel, Crustaceen, 1894, p. 48) is wrong when referring M. clupliciclens Hilgd. = M. granulosa A. M. E. (nee Strahl) = M. Ilardwickii Gray to Menippe Fanope Herbst. In my „Report on the Crus- tacea of the Mergui Archipelago", I have shown that Herbst's species, that is identical with Strahl's Menippe granulosa, is a true Menippe, not a Myomenippe.
Notes from the Leyclen M.useum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNRO-EXPEDITION. 61
to dedicate to Dr. A. E. Ortraann of Princeton N. J.,the author of so many important carcinological memoirs, bears such a striking resemblance to Menippe Panope Herbst from Tranquebar that I thought it necessary to send this specimen to Prof. Hilgendorf at Berlin, who kindly com- pared it with the type of Herbst, also a female, and then indicated to me the differences, so that this species, an inhabitant of freshwater, proved to be new to science. The cephalothorax has exactly the same width and length as the type of Menippe Panope^ so that the new species is probably also one of small size and the general shape of the carapace is the same. Prof. Hilgendorf informed me that both species also agree with one another as re- gards the convexity and the outline of the cephalothorax. The greatest width, at the tips of the penultimate antero- lateral teeth, is not yet once and a half as large as the length , measured in the middle. The cephalothorax is strongly convex fore and aft, somewhat less from side to side. Just behind the middle one observes the usual H-shaped figure, that is not formed by furrows as usual, but only by the absence of the minute granules with which the whole surface of the cephalothorax is covered. The regions are inconspicuous, not at all defined, for besides the H-shaped figure only the meso- gastric furrow is to be observed, and even the lateral branches of the cervical groove, the boundary between the gastric and branchial regions, are completely wanting. A little before each anterior extremity of the H-shaped figure, I observed an impressed point, corresponding to the posterior extremity of the protogastric areae. An imaginary line that unites these two points, crosses the lateral margins about in the middle between the tips of the two posterior antero- lateral teeth and the distance between this line and the frontal margin measures almost two thirds of the distance between it and the posterior margin of the cephalothorax. Just as in Menippe Panope., the two epigastric lobes are lying at some distance behind the free border of the front,
Notes from the Leyclen Museum , "Vol. XXI.
62 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
between the orbits; these lobes are declivous forward and towards the orbits and are separated from one another by the meso<^astric furrow that, after bifurcating, extends only over the anterior fourth part of the cephalothorax. In Menippe Panope, however, the interregional groo- ves are well-defined, though Hilgendorf informs me that they are less conspicuous than in Herbst's figure. The whole upper surface of the cephalothorax shows, under the lens, an extremely fine and close microscopic granu- lation, but it appears smooth to the naked eye; only just near the penultimate autero-lateral teeth these minute granules are a little larger, though still only visible by means of a magnify ing-gl ass. The anterior moiety of the cephalothorax of Menippe Panope, however, is covered anteriorly and on the a n ter o-later al regions with numerous red pearly granules at least twice as large as the microscopic granules described above and observed also on the species from Tranquebar. Such large granules are observed, in Menippe Orimanni, only on the front, just behind the free border, so that they are already fully wanting on the epigastric lobes. On each side of the upper surface of the cephalothorax one observes six or seven impressed points, situated in a semicircular line, that runs from the impressed point des- cribed above, just before the ends of the H-shaped figure, to the extremity of the ridge of the last antero-lateral tooth. The upper surface is also somewhat pitted on the front, just behind the supra-orbital margins and near the autero-lateral border of the carapace.
The front is obliquely deflexed and as prominent as in Menippe Panope ; it is cut by a rather deep trian- gular notch into two obtuse lobes. The granulated fore edge of these lobes shows at its outer angle a small ob- tuse tooth before passing into the supra-orbital margin, so that the front may be described as four-lobed; these small external teeth reach about as far forward as the inner lower angle of the orbits and form an obtuse angle
Notes from tlip Leyden JVIuseum , Vol. XXI.
nurCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 63
with the upper margin of the orbits; the distance between these two obtuse angles, i.e. the width of the front, mea- sures a little less than a third of the greatest breadth of the cephalothorax.
The distance between the outer angles of the orbits is little more than half the greatest width ; these angles are dentiform, but small and not very conspicuous. The finely granulated supra-orbital margin is tumid, well delimited from the carapace, with two distinct grooves near the outer angle. The orbits are almost circular, scarcely broad- er than high. Immediately below the outer angle there is a small triangular groove or gap; the lower margin of the orbits is concave in the middle and both its inner and its outer angle are dentiform, the former being larger and projecting more forward than the latter. This external lobe or angle of the infra-orbital margin (Fig. 2« and 2*) is a little larger than the extra-orbital angle and a little more prominent.
The fairly sharp, finely granular antero-lateral margin of the carapace is about as long as the postero-lateral and divided into four teeth, the first three of which are broad and anteriorly acuminate, the last narrow and carinated ; these teeth are, however, lower and less pro- minent than in Menippe Panope Herbst, as Hilgendorf writes. The distance (1^/2 mm.) between the outer angle of the orbit and the tip of the first antero-lateral tooth measures three fourth the distance between the tips of the two first teeth and this latter measures two thirds of the distance between the tips of the second and third tooth ; the tip of the third tooth finally is still slightly more distant from the fourth than from the antepenultimate. The four first teeth therefore, including the extra-orbital angle, gradually increase in length. The outer margin of the penultimate tooth runs backward and slightly inward, so that the cephalothorax presents its greatest width at ■the tips of these teeth ; the last tooth is carinated above and the ridge that gradually diverges from the postero-
Notes from tlae Leyden M-usexitn, Vol. XXI.
b4 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
lateral border , is nearly as long as the outer margin of the penultimate tooth. Just as in Menippe Fanope, the straight postero-lateral borders strongly converge backward, so that the slightly concave posterior margin ofthecepha- lothorax is scarcely as wide as the front.
The basal joint of the external antennae is small and even slightly more distant from the front than it is itself long; the second, much smaller joint reaches scarcely the front and the third joint is narrower than the orbital hiatus ; unfortunately the flagellum is broken , but it is certainly as long as the orbits are broad. The internal antennae (Fig. 2*) are a little oblique , the epistome is short. The endostome is faintly ridged, the ridges being only distinct on its posterior part.
The external maxillipedes (Fig. 2^) are covered every- where with a close microscopic granulation and a few fine hairs are distributed over them ; they have about the same form as those of Menippe Rumphii from the Indian Ocean.
The fore edge of the merus-joint is slightly convex, the antero-external angle is obtuse and the outer margin is somewhat concave.
The whole under surface of the carapace, between the lateral margins and the buccal frame, presents the same close microscopic granulation as the upper surface; the granules on the internal infra-orbital lobe are a little larger and near the lower border of the orbits the surface is somewhat pitted (Fig. 2''').
The abdomen of the female is a little broader than that of Menippe Panope , it presents its greatest width at the penultimate joint and the terminal joint is semi- circular; the seven joints are quite smooth, though some- what pitted near their lateral- and anterior margins.
The chelipedes difler from those of Menippe Panope es- pecially by their different granulation. They are, as in Herbst's species , massive and unequal , the right being the larger. The strongly curved upper margin of the quite short arm of the right leg, which scarcely extends
Notes from the Lieyden IVluseum , V' ol. ^X.1.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 65
beyond the lateral margin of the carapace, is rather sharp and unarmed ; the aaterior margin is less sharp and the lower border is rounded. The smooth inner surface of the large massive wrist fits close to the antero-lateral border of the cephalothorax and its inner angle is bluntly pro- minent. To the naked eye the upper and the outer sur- face of the wrist appear smooth and shining, but under a lens one observes just the same close micro- scopic granulation as on the surface of the carapace ; in Menippe Panope Herbst, however, granules of large size, similar to those of the outer surface of the hands, are distributed over about three fourth parts of the convex upper surface of the wrist. Near the anterior margin, that articulates with the hand, the granules are a little larger. The upper surface of the wrist is moreover somewhat pitted. Hilgendorf writes me that the hand of the larger leg is one millimeter longer and a little lower than that of the type specimen of Mejiippe Panope Herbst, so that the shape of the hand is not exactly the same. The length measured horizontally is a little shorter than the greatest width of the cephalothorax and the hand is almost twice as long as high. The fingers are somewhat less than half as long as the whole hand, measured horizontally. The lower margin of the palm makes a straight line with that of the immobile finger.
According to a former information received from Prof. Hilgendorf, the granules on the middle of the outer surface of the hand are, in the species described by Herbst, ^j^ mm. broad and dis- tinctly larger than those of the upper and of the lower margin (confer: de Man, The Journal of the Linnean Soc. of London, V. 22, 1888, p. 43). In the specimen from Sanggau, on the contrary, the convex outer surface of the larger chela is covered with a not quite uniform granulation, distinctly visible, however, to the naked eye ; this granulation is somewhat closer near the upper and near the lower margin of the palm than in the
Notes from ttie Leyden iMuseum, Vol. JXXI.
5
6G CRUSTACEANS OF THE
middle of the outer surface. On the middle the gra- nules have but a diameter of ^/^ mm., near the upper margin and at the base of the immobile finger they are a little larger, being '^j^ mm. broad. Under a lens I observe moreover a close micro- scopic granulation on the whole outer and inner surface of the palm, as also on the lower border on which the larger granules are absent.
The outer surface of the immobile finger shows a longi- tudinal furrow near the lower margin and a shorter one at the base of the teeth, and the granulation disappears gradually towards the obtuse tip (Fig. 2'*'); this finger bears just in the middle a strong conical tooth, on either side of which two smaller teeth are observed. The strongly curved dactylus is granular at the base and bears two rows of impressed puuctures; this finger is also bluntly pointed and is armed with 7 or 8 low, obtuse teeth. The left hand is considerably smaller, its horizontal length measures indeed only two third of the greatest breadth of the cephalothorax and this hand is a little more than twice as long as high. The fingers are almost as long as the palm and more sharply pointed at their tips. The immobile finger carries five incisiform teeth that gradually decrease in size, the dactylus is less curved, distinctly grooved and its teeth are also incisiform, but lower than those of the index. The outer surface of the palm is rather uniformly covered with granules, all of about the same size, ^4 ^t^- broad, and between these granules one observes under a lens the microscopic granulation. The lower border of this hand is a little concave in the middle. The wrist and the arm agree with those of the other leg, also with regard to the granulation.
The short ambulatory legs resemble those of Menippe Panope. Their joints are smooth on the outer surface, only a little punctate, but their anterior margin is finely granular ; the margins are a little hairy, mostly those of the terminal joints that end into sharp horny claws.
Notes from tlie Leyden IMuseum, Vol. X.X.1.
DtJTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 67
The fingers of the chelipedes are dark brown, excepted at the base, with white tips. The cephalothorax, preserved in alcohol, has a light yellowish brown hue, without a trace of the small red spots with which Menippe Panope is mottled.
Menippe convexa Rathb., from Honolulu, seems to be a closely allied species, but the anterior portion of the rae- sogastric region is defined and the median lobes of the fi'ont are small, separated by a shallow groove, characters not observed in Menippe Ortmanni. The habitat is more- over quite different.
Measurements in millimeters:
Greatest breadth of the cephalothorax 19 J
Length in the median line of the carapace 14
Thickness of the cephalothorax 9i-
Distance between the internal orbital angles 5J-
, » // external » » lOJ-
Breadth of the posterior margin 5
Breadth of the orbits 2|
Height ., „ .. 3
Horizontal length of the larger chela 17
„ ,, ,, „ fingers 7
Height of the larger chela 9
Horizontal length of the smaller hand 12^
H H I, » fingers 6
Height of this hand 6
Genus Potamon Sav.
Subgenus Parathelphusa H. M. E.
Potamon {Parathelphusa) tridentatum H. M. E.
(Plate 5, fig. 3).
Parathelphusa tridentata H. Milne Edwards, in : Archi- ves du Muséum, Tome VII, p. 171, pi. 13, fig. 1. — von Martens in; Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Jahrg. 34, 1868, p. 19. — de Man, in: Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. I, 1879, p. 61.
15 specimens were collected, viz.:
1 female at Sanggau.
Notes from tlie Leyden M.tiseiiin , "Vol. XXI.
68 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
6 specimens (2 cf cf, 4 $?) without definite locality though probably from Sintang.
2 males and 1 female from the southern foot of Mount Kenepai, collected in December 1893.
2 young males from Nanga Raoen.
2 young males from the forest near the small Siniai river, captured in March 1894, and finally
1 young female collected by Dr. Nieuwenhuis at Bloe-oe, a locality situated on the Upper Mahakkam.
Not one of all these specimens may be considered to have attained its full growth : the cephalothorax of the largest individual, a male from Mount Keuepai, is 49 mm. broad, but the female from the Solor-Islands, that has been mentioned in my paper quoted above, was 70 mm. broad. The proportion between the width and the length of the cephalothorax appears to be somewhat variable in this species. In the specimen figured by Milne Edwards (1. c.) the proportion is as 23 : 19. Just the same pro- portion is shown by the female from Sanggau and by a younger female from Buitenzorg, .Java, in my own col- lection; in both the form of the carapace fully agrees with the figure in the » Archives du Muséum." In all the other specimens, however, the cephalothorax appears a little broader, the proportion between width and length being as 23 : 18. In the old female from the Solor-Islands the cephalothorax was 70 mm. wide and 52 mm. long, the proportion between both therefore as 23: 17, but this may be a consequence of the large size of this specimen.
Almost in all those individuals in which the proportion between width and length of the cephalothorax is as 23 : 18, the tip of the first epibranchial tooth is a little less distant from the external orbital angle than from the tip of the second epibranchial tooth, that seems to be usually the case in this species (de Man, 1. c. p. 64) ; in the female from Sanggau, however, as also in that from Buitenzorg, the cephalothorax of which specimens is less enlarged, the distance between the tips of the two epi-
Notes from the Leyden IVtuseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 69
branchial teeth appears a little shorter than the dis- tance between the tip of the first epibranchial tooth and the outer angle of the orbits. I presume that these both characters coincide.
Von Martens (1. c.) says that in his specimens from Borneo the extra-orbital tooth presented a »zwar abgerun- deten und stumpfen , aber doch deutlich begrenzten Vor- sprung", that he considered as homologous to the first epibranchial tooth of Parathelphusa sinensis. In the spe- cimens now lying before me no trace of such a promi- nence is perceptible.
According to the same author the penultimate segment of the male abdomen should be about once and a half as long as broad, but in the present specimens it is but slightly longer than broad. In the older specimens the lateral margins of that segment show a small blunt prominence (Fig. 3), so that it appears here broadest; behind these prominences the lateral margins run parallel with one another. In the largest male, that from Mount Kenepai, the penultimate segment (Fig. 3) appears at the two prominences only for one ninth part, and behind them for one sixth less broad than it is long.
In two specimens without definite locality, viz. in the male specimen N° 4, measured below, and in a female, the ambulatory legs are a little more slender as is ordinarily the case : this species therefore varies also in this character.
Cephalothorax and legs of most specimens have a dark olive-green colour, sometimes with a reddish hue, as espe- cially in the female from Sanggau ; the fingers are darker, often blackish with reddish yellow tips.
Measurements in millimeters:
12 3 4 5 6 7 8.
c/ -9 9 d" -9 d" c/ -9 Greatest width at the tips of the last
epibranchial teeth 48^- 46 39^ 42 39-^ 33 24^ 32
Length of the carapace, the abdomen
excluded 38 37 32 33 31i. 26 19 26
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XX-I.
70 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Measurements in millimeters:
12 3 4 5 6 7 8.
-^ •■■' 9 d' 9. d' d" 9- Length of the penultimate segment
of the abdomen 9 7^ 6 4^
Breadth of the anterior margin of
this segment &i. 5j 5 4^
Breadth at the two prominences. .8 6^ 5| 4|
Breadth just behind the middle . . 7| 6 5| h\
Breadth of the posterior margin. .8 6^ 5| 5^
Length of the meropodites of the
penultimate legs 21 20 18^ 20 17 15^ 11 14
Breadth of the meropodites of these
legs 6i 6 5^ 5! 5^ 4^ 3^ ^
Nos 1 and 2 Mount Kenepai, N° 3 Sanggau , No* 4 and 5 without definite locality, N^s 6 and 7 Siniai River, N° 8 Java, Buitenzorg.
Parathelphusa tridentata has been recorded from Sumatra: Lahat (v. Mart.) ; Java (v. Mart, Heller, de Man, Ortm.): Soerabaya (v. Mart.), Buitenzorg (de M., Ortm.) ; Borneo : Singkawang (v. Mart.) ; Timor, Bavian Islands, Solor Is- lands (de M.).
Perithelphusa, n, subg.
I propose this nevt^ subgenus for Potamon borneense v. Mart, and two new species described in this Report. It is characterized by the existence of one single, well- developed, acute, spiniforra epibranchial tooth, and by the post- frontal ridge being as little developed as in the subgenus Geothelphusa . In these three species the male abdomen has the same form, its sides converging from the base of the third to the apex of the fifth seg- ment, thence to its extremity narrow. The meropodites of the clifilipedes bear a sharp spine on their superior margin, just behind the distal extremity ; the lower sur- face of these joints is smooth, without a tubercle near the carpal articulation and having the margins entire, not tubercular.
This new subgenus forms a remarkable transition to
Notes Iroin the Leytleii INlusieum, Vol. JXXI-
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 71
the subgenera Parathelphusa and Geothelplmsa. It difiers from the former by the existence of only one single epi- branchial spine and by the absence of a postfrontal ridge, for in Parath. spinigera White, the only form with one epibranchial tooth, the lateral portions of the postfrontal crest are well-developed and sharp. Perithelphusa may be distinguished from Geothelphusa by the well-developed epi- branchial spine and by the existence of a spiniform tooth on the upper angle of the arms of the anterior legs.
Potamon {Perithelphusa) borneensis v. Mart. var. hilaris n.
(Plate 5, fig. 4). •
Thelphusa borneensis von Martens, in : Archiv fur Natur- geschichte, 34 Jahrg., 1868, p. 18.
Five specimens (3 cfcT, 2 99) were collected by Max Moret at Sintang.
The two females, though adult, carry no eggs.
This interesting species bears some general resemblance to Parath. spinigera White from Calcutta, but differs by the absence of the postfrontal ridge. It appeared to me probable that either this species or one of the two follow- ing might belong to Potamon borneense v. Mart., and therefore one male specimen of each was sent to Prof. Hilgendorf at Berlin, who, after a close examination, wrote me the following about the species which 1 go to describe: »Diese Form kann zur Noth mit T. borneensis zusaramen- gebracht werden. Ich würde aber doch jedenfalls eine Varietat daraus machen". The individuals described by von Martens have been collected near Seminis in the Sampas- basin and at Lempai near the lake of Danau Sriaug, in the Upper-Kapoeas-basin, in the same region therefore as our specimens. The specimen sent to Berlin, was the male N° 2.
Our specimens are of a larger size than those of von Martens, the cephalothorax of the largest individual
WotesB frotii the Leyden uMviseuin, Vol. XX.I.
72 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
is one third broader than that described in the » Archiv fur Naturgeschichte". As is proved by the measurements, the proportion between the greatest width and the length of the cephalothorax is somewhat variable in our speci- mens , but in all these the cephalothorax appears, however, slightly more enlarged than in the type with which our specimen was compared. The carapace is little en- larged, the greatest width is in proportion to the length as 4:3 and is observed just behind the epibranchial teeth, on the limit of the foremost third of the upper surface. The upper surface is somewhat convex from before backwards, less so, although still distinctly, from side to side. The mesial cresceutic portion of the cervical groove is distinct and moderately deep, excepted just in the middle, but the lateral portions are inter- rupted (Fig. 4) ; the median part of the semicircular groove is just twice as far distant from the free border of the front as from the posterior margin of the carapace. The anterior lateral portions between the gastric region and the anterior branchial one are two rather deep, oblique furrows, that in the adult end about 4 mm. short of the notch that bounds the epibranchial tooth anteriorly. A post- frontal crest cannot be said to exist as it is only represented by the wrinkled and rugose slope, with which the gastric region subsi- des towards the front and the post-orbital furrow. The epigastric portion, however, is more or less distinct and slightly bent forwards; the mesogastric furrow is linear, very narrow and shallow, not con- tinued on to the front nor backwards and not bifurcating, so that the anterior extremity of the mesogastric area, in other species well-defined, is not at all distinct.
The anterior branchial region is moderately swollen, scarcely marked off from the posterior one; shallow depres- sions separate the posterior branchial and the cardiac re- gions from the intestinal, but the cardiac region is scar- cely limited off laterally. The small, somewhat wrinkled
Notes from the Leyden Museum , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 73
urogastric areolets are not contiguous, but separated ft'om one another by an interspace almost as broad as the areo- lets themselves.
The upper surface of the carapace appears under a lens very finely punctate, the punctation is rather close, some- what less so on the cardiac and mesogastric areae than elsewhere; on the front and behind the orbits the puncta are coarser. The gastric region is quite anteriorly, as well on the epigastric lobes as on the slope towards the post- orbital furrow, distinctly wrinkled and foveate. The lateral margin of the cephalothorax is covered, from the epibranchial tooth till the posterior margin, with oblique raised lines and is posteriorly slightly concave. For the rest the surface of the cephalothorax appears smooth and shining to the naked eye.
The front is obliquely deflexed, the anterior border is straight in the middle, or, as in the youngest male and in the youngest female, very slightly concave. In the type described by von Martens the free border is a little curved upward, so that the upper surface of the front appears slightly concave; this is also the case in the youngest male, but in the other specimens not or scar- cely so. The free border curves into the very oblique inner somewhat raised portions of the upper orbital margins, or the frontal angles are at least very obtuse and rounded; the frontal margin measures about one fourth the greatest width of the cephalothorax, — it is somewhat difficult to measure exactly its breadth, — ac- cording to von Martens, however, one third. The distance between the free border of the front, near its outer angles, and the epigastric lobes is scarcely half as long as the former is broad. The front appears considerably broader at its base than at its free border.
The external orbital angles are moderately sharp and reach as far or almost as far forwards as the free border of the front, but not beyond it; the distance between them measures three fourth or little more than
JNotes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. XX.I.
74 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
three fourth the length of the cephalothorax. The outer margin of the extraorbital tooth makes a right angle with the upper margin of the orbits. The epibranchial tooth or spine, directed straightly forward or slightly in- ward, is, as in Parath. spinigera, widely distant from the external orbital angle, the distance between the latter and the tip of the epibranchial spine measuring about one fourth the whole length of the lateral margin. The base of the epibranchial tooth is about as far distant from the outer angle of the orbits as the epistome is broad, but in the type of von Martens the epistome is somewhat broader than that distance.
The epibranchial spine is strong, acute and sa- lient, has a black point and is bounded anteriorly by a deep notch. The slightly sinuous outer margin of the extraorbital tooth makes with that notch an obtuse rounded angle, but in the type described by von Mar- tens this angle is less distinctly marked on one side, faintly so on the other, the margin curving more regu- larly towards the base of the tooth. The posterior margin of the cephalothorax which is a little concave is, in the adult, almost twice as broad as the free border of the front, in the younger specimens somewhat shorter.
The small orbits (Fig. 4«) are almost transverse, they are once and a half as broad as high and their width measures two thirds of that of the frontal margin. The outer margin of the extraorbital teeth, the upper and the lower margin of the orbits and the free border of the front are smooth, entire. The somewhat sinuous infraorbital margin has no hiatus near the outer angle and the obtuse inner angle is small, little prominent: the inter- space between this angle and the front is wide. According to Hilgendorf the cornea of the eye-peduncles should be slightly larger and the distance between the free border of the front and the posterior margin of the epistome somewhat shorter than in the Berlin type: in the adult specimens this distance is half as long as the free border
Notes from the Leytlen IMuweiim, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 75
of the front is broad. The anterior margin of the epistorae, the surface of which is smooth , is as far distant from the frontal margin as from the tip of the triangular pro- cess that the posterior margin of the epistome sends back- wards and downwards ; on either side of this median tooth , the smooth posterior margin shows still another smaller, less prominent tooth, so that it is twice notched on each side.
The subhepatic area is limited ofi from the branchial floor by a finely granular transverse line and both regions are beset with oblique raised lines or rugae, that are also finely granular and as usual reach to the postero-lateral margins. The groove between the hepatic region and the branchiostegite is rather deep, especially anteriorly; one observes on the latter, near that groove, a few oblique rugations, but it is for the rest smooth.
The ischium-joint of the outer foot-jaws appears finely punctate under a magnifying glass, the longitudinal furrow on it is deep and runs close to and parallel with the inner margin. The merus-joint is some- what broader than long, its antero-external angle is obtusely rounded ; this joint appears also punctate under the lens and somewhat rugose at its postero-external angle, the punctatiou , however, is in some individuals rather indistinct.
The sternum and the abdomen of the male are smooth , though appearing finely punctate under a lens. There is at the anterior extremity of the sternum, between the pos- terior margins of the maxillipedes, a transverse fur- row or impression, but there are no ridges on the sternum near the insertion of the chelipedes. In this species the distance between the anterior extremity of the ischial furrow and the outer margin of the ischium-joint appears a little broader than the distance between the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity and the posterior margin of the buccal frame. Prof. Hilgendorf made me acquainted with this character.
The male abdomen bears some resemblance to that of Potamon (Geothelphusa) loxophthalmufn, de M. (deMan,in:
Notes from the Leytleii JMuseiim, Vol. ^XI.
76 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Notes from the Leytleu Museum, 1892, pi. 9, fig. 3 c). The terminal joint is obtusely rouuded and the sides are slightly concave. The sixth segment is a little longer than the seventh, the straight anterior margin is just as broad as the concave posterior one and measures little more than two thirds of the length of the joint, so that the latter is almost once and a half as long as broad. Just be- hind the anterior margin, the sides of this segment slightly bulge out laterally, so that it shows here its greatest breadth and in the type of Berlin the sixth joint is very slightly shorter than in our specimens. The antepenultimate joint is a little more than half as long as the sixth and exactly half as long as the posterior margin of it is broad. The closely punctate abdomen of the female has the usual form, the posterior border of the terminal joint is 2^1^ times as broad as this joint is long.
The chelipedes are greatly unequal in the males , but subequal in the female (the younger female has lost all its legs) and in all the right leg is the larger. The arms project but little beyond the lateral margin of the cephalothorax. The upper edge is rugose and bears, just behind the constriction at its distal end, a sharp spine as usual in this subgenus; in the type examined by Hil- gendorf it appears less slender, but it is probably worn oö, as is also the case on the larger chelipede of the youngest male. The outer surface is covered with transverse rugo- sities, but the lower is smooth and bears no tooth or spine near the anterior margin; the anterior and the ventral angle are not rounded off, as is the case in Parath. spinigera. The upper surface of the carpopodites is faintly rugose and appears finely punctate under a lens; these joints are armed with a single stout spine at the inner angle. In the adult male the larger chela, measured horizontally, is just as long as the cephalothorax is broad, but in the younger males one fourth shorter. The fingers, measured horizontally, are as long as, but never shorter than" the palm, that is almost just as
jVotes from the Leyden Museum, \'ol. A.X.1.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 77
high as long. The lower margin of the palm is contex and makes thus no straight line with the index. The con- vex outer surface of the palm is covered with extremely shallow, small depressions or foveae, giving it a reticu- late appearance and the interspaces between them show, under a magnifying, glass, a minute granulation; one observes under a lens also a fine punctulation , more distinctly in the younger males than in the adult. The sliglitly compressed fingers are moderately slender and leave, in the adult, a narrow interspace between them when closed ; they are covered, from their base untill the pointed extremities, with an extremely fine and close granulation, hardly visible to the naked eye. The fingers are not at all grooved, the fine puncta, however, are arranged more or less distinctly in longitudinal rows. The dactylus is somewhat curved and both fingers are multidentate; the immobile finger (Fig. 4^^) is armed with about 20 small conical and unequal teeth of which the fifth and the eighth are somewhat larger and more prominent than the others. The teeth of the dactylus are a little smaller, also unequal, one in the middle is larger than the rest.
The smaller chela of the adult male is, horizontally measured, just as long as the cephalothorax and twice and a half as long as high ; the fingers are a little longer than the palm, in contact throughout their length and the dactylus is less curved. In its other characters this hand agrees with the other.
Unfortunately in the adult female the immobile finger of the right hand, that is but very slightly larger than the other, is broken off and in the other female all legs are lost. The hands are much smaller than in the male, the horizontal length of the right chela measures three fourth the length of the carapace , the other is only 2 mm. shorter ; the fingers of the right hand are about as long as the palm, in the other they are slightly longer. The teeth are smaller, but for the rest they resemble the hands of the male.
In the type of Pot. borneense in the Berlin Museum
Notes from tlie Leyden ^luseum. Vol. X.^1.
78 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
the larger chela is less stout and palm and fingers are less high than in our specimens, but the type has a smaller size, as was already observed. The ambulatory legs are of moderate length, so e. g. those of the penultimate pair of the adult male are 60 mm. long, i.e. almost once and a half as long as the cephalothorax is broad; the meropodites are nearly three times as long as broad, their outer surface is granular, their upper mar- gin is rugose and provided near the distal end with a sharp spine. The propodites of the penultimate legs are in the middle scarcely half as broad as long and in the adult the dactylopodites are somewhat longer. The ambulatory legs are glabrous. In the type these legs appear, as Prof. Hilgendorf wrote to me, a little more slender. The cephalothorax of our specimens preserved in alcohol, has above an olive-green or yellowish-green colour and is mottled with innumerable small red spots, the fronto-orbital margin and the epibrancbial tooth are yellow. The chelipedes and the other legs present above the same green colour and spots, but on the chelipedes the latter are a little larger than on the carapace. The lower surface of the latter and of the legs is yellow and devoid of spots. In the type specimen at Berlin the small red spots are completely wanting.
Parathelphusa spinigera 'Wh.xie {Qoniex: Wood-Mason, in : Journal Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, Vol. XL, Pt. II, 1871, p. 194, PI. XII, Figs. 1 — 4) bears some resemblance to Po- tamon borneense, but is certainly different. I studied two specimens of that species during my last visit to the Bri- tish Natural History Museum in 1896. The cephalothorax is more enlarged, that of an adult male from Calcutta is 59 mm. broad and only 39 mm. long. The post-frontal ridge is better defined , its lateral portions especially are cristiform and sharp ; the free border of the front is slightly concave. The male abdomen has a different form, the penultimate or sixth joint is more quadrate, for in the adult male from Calcutta, that 1 examined, it is 8 '/a mm.
Notes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. X.X.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 79
long and the anterior and the posterior margins are re- spectively 6^/2 mm. and 7^/4 mm. broad. The immobile finger of the larger chela has a different shape, being higher at the base and the meropodites of the ambulatory legs bear no spine near the distal end of their upper margin.
Measurements in mm. :
ti' rt" -/ C' Q
Greatest width of the cephalothorax. . 41 35^ 34i 40i 'S6^
Length „ „ „ 32 27^ 25i. 31 29
Distance between the outer orbital angles. 24J 22^- 21 24^ 21|- Distance between the tips of the epibran-
chial teeth 39J- 34 31^ 38^ 34^
Distance between the tip of the epibran-
chial tooth and the external orbital *
angle 9 7| Q^ 8| 7^
Breadth of the free border of the front. 10 9 8J- 10 9
Distance between the free border of the
front near its outer angles and the
epigastric lobes 4i- 4 3i 4 4
Distance between the frontal margin and
the posterior boundary of the gastric
region 20|. 18 161 20 18
Width of the posterior margin of the
carapace 18 15^ U^- 18|- 17
Width of the orbits 6^ 6 5i 6^ 6
Height „ „ „ 4|. 4 3^ 41. 4
Distance between the free border of the
front and the tip of the median tooth
of the epistome 5 4 4 5 5
Length of the terminal joint of the ab- domen 6 5^ 5
Length of the penultimate joint ... 7 6j 5^
Breadth of the anterior margin of this
joint 5 4|. 41 ^
Breadth of the posterior margin ... 6 4^ 4 .5
Horizontal length of the larger hand . 39 27 26 24 §
„ „ fingers ... 19 J 13 1 13^ 12 ^ Height at the articulation of the lingers. 18 I2y 12^ Length of the meropodites . . ^ 18^ 16^ 15^ 15
Breadth „ „ „ . . a 6|- 6 5^ 5 bb
Length of the propodites, in the ■^ '-^
middle g Si 10 9|- 9 8 ;S
Breadth of the propodites, in v
the middle ^ 4^ 4 3| 3^
Length of the dactylopodites . ''° 13^ 8^ 10^
Notes from the Leyden JVLusetiiii, Vol. XX!I.
80 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Potamon {Perithelphusa) Biittikoferi, n. sp.
(Plate 6, fig. 5).
Four males of difi'erent size from Sintang, collected by Max Moret.
This new species bears some resemblance to the prece- ding one: the meropodites of the ambulatory legs present a spine on their anterior margin and the upper angle of the arm of the chelipedes also, the abdomen has about the same form and as regards the postfrontal ridge , as little defined , both species agree with one another. There- fore this species, that I have the pleasure to dedicate to the Zoologist of the Expedition, may be likewise referred to Perithelphusa. The second male has- been compared by Prof. Hilgendorf with the type of Potamon horneense v. Mart, and he wrote me that he considered this species to be new.
As in Pot. horneeyise v. Mart. var. hilaris, the greatest width of the cephalothorax is in proportion to its length as 4:3, but the distance between the epibran- chial teeth and also that between the outer orbital angles are in proportion to the great- est width a little shorter and as the lateral margins have a different form and direction, the cephalothorax of both species presents a different shape and figure.
As regards the convexity of the carapace, as well from end to end as from side to side, both species almost agree with one another; in the largest specimen the gastric region appears slightly less convex transversely but this may be an individual difference. Concerning the little deve- lopment or rather absence of a post-frontal ridge, both also agree with one another; it is only indicated by the slope, by means of which the gastric region subsides to- wards the front and towards the post-frontal furrow. The epigastric lobes are slightly advanced, wrinkled anteriorly, not limited off posteriorly, but continuous with the gastric
T^otes from the Leyden JMuseucn, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 8l
region ; the declivous lateral parts are coarsely punctate, scarcely wrinkled. The cervical groove is interrupted, just as in the preceding species and in both equally far dis- tant from the anterior margin of the front ; the posterior, median, crescentic portion is deep, the anterior portions are just as deep as in Pot. borneense var. hilaris, hut iheiv direction is less oblique: these furrows, indeed, when continued backwards would form a right angle with one another in the preceding species, but an acute one in Potamon Büttikoferi. The gastric region is not subdivided and even the anterior prolongation oftheraeso- gastric area is not defined, the mesogastric furrow being short and not bifurcating; the antero-external parts of the gastric region appear, in the adult, somewhat wrinkled, the ramifying wrinkles diverge from the anterior branches of the cervical groove, in the younger individuals these wrinkles are less conspicuous. The urogastric areolets agree with those of Pot. bornemse^ and shallow depressions sepa- rate the anterior branchial lobe from the posterior one, that is considerably smaller, and the latter from the cardiac region.
The front presents distinctly a broad, shallow bay that extends till the rounded lateral angles, which pass with a curve into the upper margin of the orbits, so that it is here also somewhat difiicult to measure exactly the breadth of the free border of the front: it is about one fourth the greatest width of the carapace. The somewhat raised lateral margins of the front are slightly less oblique than in Pot. hor^ieense var. hilaris^ so that the front appears at the base a little less broad in proportion to the width of the frontal anterior margin. Just before the foveate epigastric lobes the surface of the front is marked with a few transverse rugosities, but for the rest it is coarsely punctate. The supra-orbital margins are sinuous and form almost right angles with the outer margin of the extraorbital tooth ; the outer angles of the orbits are moderately sharp and reach almost as far forward as the
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum , Vol. XXI.
82 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
free border of the front. The epibranchial teeth are wi- dely distant from the external orbital angle, though the distance between the latter and the tip of the epibranchial tooth is a little shorter than in the preceding species, measuring in the adult male one sixth the length of the whole lateral margin. The outer border of the extraorbital tooth is in most specimens almost straight, with no ob- tuse angle in front of the notch that separates it from the epibranchial tooth ; the third male, the carapace of which is 30 '/a ïUQi- broad, resembles, however, in the form of this outer border, Pot. borneense var. hilaris. The epibranchial tooth is acute, with a brown point, directed forward and slightly inwards, but these teeth are some- what smaller than in the other species. Otherwise as in the latter, in which the distance between the epibranchial teeth is almost as large as the greatest width of the ce- phalothorax, the lateral margin runs, behind the epibran- chial tooth, obliquely outwards so that the branchial lobe bulges out laterally with a convex outer margin; the greatest width of the cephalothorax is situated along a line dividing the anterior from the middle third of the upper surface. The oblique raised lines on the slightly concave postero-lateral margins are a little less nume- rous but more salient than those of the variety hilaris of the preceding species. The whole upper surface is finely and closely punctate, on the cardiac and mesogas^vic areae the minute puncta are less numerous. The posterior margin of the cephalothorax is, at least in the adult male, i. little less broad with regard to the greatest width of the cepha- lothorax than in Pot. borneense var. hilaris.
The orbits are small, slightly oblique in a front view and little broader than high; in a front view the sinuous course of the upper margin is well visible, the lower margin is regularly curved, without a notch or hiatus near the outer angle and the obtuse inner angle is very small, scarcely prominent and widely distant from the front.
The nasal plate is somewhat broader, but less
JNotes from the l-.eydeii IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 83
high than in the preceding species, the epistome has about the same form, but the median tooth is obtuse. As in that species the subhepatic region is limited off from the branchial floor by a distinct transverse furrow and with regard to the wrinkles and rugosities on the lower surface of the cephalothorax both species agree.
The ischial line of the external maxillipedes has the same situation and direction as in the preceding form and also with regard to their other characters the outer foot- jaws agree, but the merus-joint is slightly less en- larged with regularly rounded anterolateral angle.
In the male of Pot. borneense var. hilaris the abdominal cavity reaches as far forwards as a line uniting the outer angles of the buccal frame and there are no impressions or only very slight ones between these angles and the end of the cavity ; in Pot. Büttikoferi, however, the cavity reaches not so far forwards and the sternum bears, just before its extremity, a rather deep transverse fur- row between the outer angles of the buccal frame, in front of which one sees, in the angle of the sternum, the same transverse groove that also exists in Pot. borneense var. hilaris^ and equally there are no ridges near the insertion of the chelipedes. The distance between the an- terior end of the ischial line of the external maxillipedes and the external margin of the ischium is a little shor- ter than that between the anterior extremity of the ab- dominal cavity and the oblique posterior margins of the buccal frame, in Pot. borneense var. hilaris, however, a little broader. The sternum is smooth, punctate. The male abdomen has the same form as in the preceding species, but the penultimate segment is comparati- vely shorter, being but very slightly longer than the terminal ; the lateral margins have the same form and direction in both and the punctation is the same.
The chelipedes are very unequal, in the largest male the left is the larger, in the others the right. The meri project as little beyond the carapace as in Pot. borneense,
Notes from the Leyden ^Rluseuin, \ol. XXI.
84 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
the upper margin carries a rather small spine or tooth, that is acute in the two youngest individuals, but worn off in the two others. For the rest the meri resemble those of Pot. borneense, the angles of the flattened lower surface being moderately sharp, not rounded and this sur- face presenting no trace of a spine or tubercle. The wrist carries above oblique rugosities and wrinkles and is armed at the inner angle with a rather short, but stout spine. In the largest specimen the large chela is almost as long, measured horizontally, as the cephalothorax is broad, in the others it is comparatively shorter, so that in the youngest individual it measures only two thirds of the greatest width. In the adult male the somewhat compressed fingers that leave an interspace between them, when closed, meeting only at the pointed tips, are almost once and a half as long as the palm; they have about the same height, in Pot, borneense var. hilaris, however, the index is higher at the base than the dactylus. This finger is armed near the articulation with a strong tooth, that bears a few smaller ones and between this tooth and the extremity 9 or 10 very small teeth are observed. The somewhat curved dactylus carries in the middle a conical tooth, much smaller than the strong tooth of the immobile finger and a few very small teeth stand on either side of it. The fingers are smooth, punctate, on the middle the puucta form a longitudinal row. The con- vex palm is, at the articulation of the fingers, a little higher than it is long, measured horizontally ; it appears smooth to the naked eye, but presents under a lens the same structure as the palm of the larger hand of the pre- ceding species. The lower margin of this chela is slightly concave in the middle.
In the younger males the fingers are as long as the palm, that is about as high at the articulation of the fingers as it is long; the fingers are almost in contact with one another, the toothing is about the same as in the adult. The longitudinal rows of puncta are still more distinct, so
Notes from tlie Leyden IMuseam, Vol. X.XI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDTTION. 85
that the fingers appear faintly grooved. Under a strong lens a similar close and fine granulation is shown by Pot. borneense var. hilaris, the palm presenting fine reticulating lines that are minutely granular.
The smaller hand of the adult male measures scarcely three fourth the width of the cephalothorax, the fingers are but little longer than the palm and almost in contact with one another. In the younger specimens the smaller chela is still shorter, so in the youngest male ifc is little more than half as long as the cephalothorax is broad.
The ambulatory legs are comparatively as long as in the preceding species and are also quite glabrous, but they are more slender. So e. g. the legs of the penultimate pair are almost once and a half as long as the cephalo- thorax is broad, measuring 56 mm. in the adult male. The upper margin of the meropodites terminates into an acute tooth and the outer surface is granular, excepted those of the last pair ; they are slender, so e.g. those of the penultimate pair are a little more than 3 times as long as broad, the propodites are 2'/2-times as long as broad, in the middle, and the stout terminal joints are somewhat longer than the propodites. The upper surface of carapace and legs is mottled with similar small spots of a red colour as in Pot. borneense var. hilaris.
Measurements in millimetres:
Greatest width of the cephalothorax
Length „ « „
Distance between the external orbital angles . . . H If the tips of the epibranchial teeth.
u ; the tip of the epibranchial tooth
and the external orbital angle 6
Breadth of the free border of the front . Distance between the free border of the front near
its outer angles and the epigastric lobes ... 3^ Distance between the free border of the front and
the posterior boundary of the gastric region . . Width of Ihe posterior margin of the cephalothorax.
Width of the orbits
Height „ , ,
Notes from the Leyden Mxaseuin, "Vol. XXI.
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
39 |
33 |
30i |
22 |
|
28^ |
25 |
23 |
17 |
|
2\\ |
19i |
18-J |
U |
|
32 |
28i |
26 |
19^ |
|
6 |
5ï |
4J |
H |
|
9 |
8 |
71 |
6 |
|
18 |
15| |
]4i |
11 |
|
15 |
14 |
12i |
10 |
|
6 |
5^ |
5 |
4 |
|
4' |
4 |
3V |
2: |
80
CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Distance between the anterior frontal margin and the tip of the median tooth of the epistome.
Length of the terminal segment of the male abdomen
Length of the penultimate segment
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment. » // n posterior ,/ „ „ ,,
Horizontal length of the larger chela .... II 1 ,1 „ fingers
Height of the hand at the articulation of the fingers
Length of the meropodites -^
Breadth „ „ „ § '3 o.
Length of the propodites in the middle . i=- ^^
Breadth » » » ,, „ ,,
Length of the dactylopodites '^
a
|
H |
3^ |
'^\ |
21 |
|
5^ |
4| |
H |
3^ |
|
5^ |
5 |
4y |
3^ |
|
5 |
4^ |
4 |
3| |
|
5 |
4 |
4 |
3| |
|
36J |
26 |
23 |
14^ |
|
2H |
13^ |
11' |
7i |
|
17^ |
12^ |
Hi |
6^ |
|
18^ |
16 |
15 |
IH |
|
5i- |
5 |
44 |
3^ |
|
10^ |
9^ |
8^ |
^\ |
|
4 |
3J |
3- |
2' |
|
12 |
10^ |
9J- |
71 |
Potamon (Perithelphusa) silvicola, n. sp. (Plate 7, Fig. 6).
Four males about of the same size aud two youoger females without eggs, were collected in March and May 1894 in a forest near Nanga Raoen and in the following month one quite young male was captured at Poetoes Sibau.
This species is closely allied to Pot. borneense v. Mart, and its variety hilaris, and bears a great resemblance to them, but it differs more from Pot. Bilttikoferi, at first sight by the different general outer appearance. It may be distinguished from the first named species and its va- riety especially 1° by the cephalothorax being a little longer in proportion to its greatest width, 2° by the different shape and length of the extraorbital teeth.
The third specimen, the carapace of which is 32 '/2 mm. broad, was sent to Prof. Hilgendorf at Berlin, who com- pared it with the type of Pot. borneense v. Mart, and then wrote me the differences.
The carapace is little enlarged, being little longer than three fourth the greatest width and it is constantly so-
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuiu, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNKO-EXPEOITION. 87
mewhat less enlarged than the cephalothorax oï Pot. borneense and of the variety hilaris. Tlie upper surface is a little less convex in the antero-posterior direction than in Pot. borneense var. hilaris and the posterior half viz. the cardiac and intestinal regions together with the con- terminous parts of the undivided branchial region, appears rather flattened from side to side. The cervical groove is interrupted and the oblique anterior furrows have the same direction as in Pot„ borneense var. hilaris^ for they would make a right angle with one another, when prolonged backwards. The postfrontal ridge is as little developed as in Pot. borneense ; the slightly advanced epigastric lobes, that are foveate anteriorly, smooth above and not limited off posteriorly from the gastric region, are well-defined, but on each side of them one observes, as in the two preceding species, only the rugose and coarsely punctate slope by which the gastric region subsides towards the post-orbital furrow. The mesogastric furrow is short and narrow, the anterior end of the meso- gastric region is therefore not defined. The upper surface is finely punctate, rather closely on the branchial, cardiac and intestinal regions, but on the gastric region the puncta are less numerous ; they are visible to the naked eye, the carapace, however, appears smooth and shining. The shallow depressions that bound the cardiac region are often in- distinct.
The front resembles that of Pot. borneense var. hilaris. The free border measures one fourth the width of the carapace and is straight, not bayed at all; the lateral margins of the front have the same oblique direction and form obtuse angles with the anterior margin. Prof. Hil- gendorf informs me that in the type of Pot. borneense these angles are more rounded off, so that the anterior frontal margin appears narrower, von Martens indeed says that it measures one third the width of the cephalo- thorax. As in the other form the mesogastric furrow is not continued on the front. The front is flattened, not
Notes f'roixi the Leytleii Museuin, Vol. JCXJ,
88 CRUSTACEANS OF IHE
concave, the free border being not curved upwai'd ; the surface is somewhat granular.
The upper margin of the orbits has the same form and direction as in Pot. borneense var. hilaris and is not si- nuous, as is the case with Pot. Büttikoferi; it forms a right or somewhat obtuse angle with the outer margin of the extraorbital tooth. The orbits and the eye-peduncles resemble those of the variety hilaris, the lower margin shows no notch near the outer angle, the inner angle is obtuse and little prominent. The external angles are ob- tuse and reach almost as far forward as the frontal margin ; they are comparatively a little less distant I'rom the epibranchial teeth than in Pot. borneense and its variety hilaris, so that the extraorbital tooth appears shorter. In the species described by von Martens the outer margin of the extraorbital tooth, from the outer angle of the orbits till the base of the epibranchial tooth, appears distinctly longer than the orbits are broad, but in Pot. silvicola just as long. The outer margin of the extraorbital tooth appears in most specimens slightly convex, but in others it has the same form as in Pot. borneense var. hilaris and the notch that separates it from the epibranchial tooth is just as deep. The epibranchial teeth are acute and salient, the lateral margin curves slightly outwards, so that it appears a little more convex than is usually the case in Pot. borneense and its variety. The oblique wrinkles are in both species numerous and moderately salient. The front-orbital and the lateral margins of the carapace are smooth, entire.
As regards the nasal plate, the epistome, the outer maxillipedes and the pterygostomiau regions, there is no difference between both species. As in Pot. borneense var. hilaris, the median tooth of the epistome is triangular, acute, there is also a granular line dividing the subhepa- tic from the subbranchial region and these regions as also the branchiostegite carry the same rugosities. The ischial
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 89
line of the external maxillipedes is jast as deep and has the same situation and direction.
The sternum shows another difference. Tn Pot. borneense and its variety hilaris the distance between the anterior extremity of the ischial line and the external margin of the ischium of the outer foot-jaws is always a little broader than the interspace between the anterior extre- mity of the abdominal cavity and the oblique posterior margins of the buccal frame ; in Pot. silvicola, however, these two distances are equally broad. The two transverse furrows on the sternum in front of the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity are shallow.
The abdomen has the same form as in the species that was described by von Martens.
The chelipedes of the male are very unequal, in all the left is the larger ; they agree almost entirely with those of Pot. borneense var. hilaris. The upper margin of the meri bears near the distal end an acute tooth, which in the variety hilaris appears more spiuiform. The hands re- semble also those of this variety and present the same characters; the pointed fingers show, under a strong lens, the same minute granulation and rows of puncta, the toothing of the index is slightly different. The convex outer surface of the palm is smooth and shining, appears finely punctate under a strong lens, but the microscopic granulation is hardly perceptible. In the female the ante- rior legs are equal.
The ambulatory legs resemble those of Pot. borneense var. hilaris. The meropodites are granular on their outer surface except those of the last pair that are only punctate and their upper margin terminates into an acute tooth, the following joints are also similar in both species.
The cephalothorax of the males shows above a dark olive-green colour, marked with innumerable small spots; the margins are often ochraceous. The chelipedes are yel- lowish red, as also the lower surface, and like the ambu- latory legs more or less distinctly spotted.
Notes irom the Leyden IMiiseuna, Vol. XXI.
|
6 |
7 |
|
<^ |
(/ |
|
2U |
15^ |
|
19 |
13^ |
|
UI |
nk |
|
20' |
14il |
90 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Measurements iu mm. : 12 3 4 5
cf c^ ^ cf 9
Greatest width of the cephalothorax. . . . 36^ 33^ 32^ 31| 28
Length „ ,, „ ... 29 27 26 26 23
Distance between the ext. orbital angles . . 22| 20i 20 J 194 ^"\
» the tips oftheepibranchial teeth 321 aOi 29J- 28^ 25^
•/ H the tip of the epibranchial tooth
and the external orbital angle .... 6 5|. 5^ 5i 4^ 3^ 2
Breadth of the free border of the front . . 9^ 9 8i 8^ 7| 6 4^ Distance between the free border of the front
near its outer angles and the epigastric lobes 3i 3 3 3i 3 2^ 2 Distance between the anterior frontal margin
and the posterior boundary of the gastric
region 19 17^ 16^ 17 15 9
Width of the posterior margin of the carapace. 16 15 14^ 14 14|. 11^- 8
Width of the orbits 6 51^ 5J- 5i. 4i 4 3
Height of the orbits 4 3^ 3^ 3'. 3-^ 2^ 2
Distance between the free border of the front
and the tip of the median tooth of the
epistorae 4J 4| 3| 3| 3» 3 2
Length of the terminal segment of the male
abdomen 5^ 5 4^ 4^
Length of the penultimate segment. ... S-J 6^^ 5 5i
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment. 4.^ 4| 4 4
,/ ,/ posterior „ „ „ „ 41 4^ 4 4
Horizontal length of the larger chela. . . 30 26 26 27 17
» , fingers 16i 13J 14 14^ 9^
Height of the larger chela at the articulation
of the fingers 121- 12 12^ 12^ 64
Length of the meropodites . . -^ 16^ 15^ 14^ 14-J- 13^ Breadth „ „ „ . . . "g 'S „• 5 ' 5^ 5^ 5^ 4| Length of the propodites ... 1=^ „ .S 9 9 8 8 7.!
Breadth-, „ „ in the middle %,\° 4, 4 3^ Z\ 2>\
Length of the dactylopodites . . '=s 11 10 ^\ 10 9
NO 1—6 Nanga Raoeu, W 7 Poetoes Sibau.
Potamon (Perithelphusa?) sp. (Plate 7, Fig. 7).
One male collected, May 1894, on the Liang-Koeboeng Mountains.
This specimen, certainly a quite young one, almost fully agrees with Pot. silvicola, especially when it is com- pared with the young male from Poetoes Sibau. It differs,
Notes from, the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
|
2^ |
|
|
2^ |
|
|
2è |
|
|
2| |
|
|
13 |
9^ |
|
7 |
5 |
|
4^ |
H |
|
11 |
n |
|
H |
21 |
|
6 |
H |
|
24 |
u |
|
7^ |
5| |
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 91
however, by the epibranchial tooth that is rudimentary, presenting itself only as a small obtuse prominence and furthermore by the different form of the abdo- men. The terminal segment with obtuse tip and very slightly concave lateral margins is a little shorter than its base is broad; the penultimate segment is trapezoi- dal, about as long as the terminal. The anterior margin is very little broader, the posterior, however, almost once and a half as broad as this segment is long, so that the straight lateral margins diverge somewhat backwards.
The meropodites of the ambulatory legs are a little broader and there is no acute tooth at the distal end of their anterior margin. The free border of the front is slightly arcuate, in Pot. silvicola, however, straight. The chelipedes are still equal and feeble, the fingers in contact throughout their length and slightly longer than the palm are distinctly grooved longitudinally, but this is also still the case in the young male from Poetoes Sibau.
I cannot therefore decide whether this specimen belongs to another species or only ought to be regarded as a va- riety of lot. silvicola.
Measurements in mm. : ' ^
Breadth of the cephalothorax 13^
Length „ „ „ 12
Distance between the outer angles of the orbits 10^
Distance between the epibranchial teeth 12i-
Distance between the outer angle of the orbit and the epibranchial tooth. 1|^ Distance between the free border of the front and the posterior boun- dary of the gastric region 7|
Breadth of the free border of the front 4|-
Breadth of the posterior margin of the cephalothorax 7|-
Breadth of the orbits 2|.
Height . „ „ 14
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen 2-,^
• // // penultimate » 2^-
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment 2j-
" // // posterior „ « » ,/ 3g-
Horizontal length of the chelae 7-J
« » II .1 fingers 4|
Height of the palm 24
iNotes from the Leyden Musexim, Vol. XX.I.
92 CRUSTACEANS OF TTIE
Subgenus Potamon s. s.
Potamon {Potamon) mahakkamense, n. sp. (Plate 8, Fig. 8).
One adult female, without eggs, was captured by Dr. Nieuwenhuis at Bloe-oe, a locality situated ou the Upper Mahakkam, in the source-region of this river, not far from the source-region of the Upper Kapoeas.
This species bears such a striking resemblance to Pot. sinuatifrons H. M. E., three type-specimens of which from the Paris Natural History Museum are lying before me, that I at first hesitated to regard it as different. The three type-specimens, all males and collected by M. Leguillou during the Voyage of la Zélée, are of different size, the largest, however, is still considerably smaller than the female from the Interior of Borneo. Potamon m^ahakkamense now differs from Pot. sinuatifrons 1° by the extraorbital tooth being slightly longer with regard to the distance between the external orbital angles and having a more oblique direction, 2° by the characteristic granulation with which the whole upper surface of the carapace is covered. Though the specimens of Pot. simiatifrons are varnished, this granulation seems, indeed, to want com- pletely. For the rest, as regards the general shape of cephalothorax and legs, this species almost fully agrees with Pot. sinuatifrons.
The carapace is rather much enlarged, the proportion of its breadth to the length (the abdomen excluded) being as 4:3, just as in Pot. sinuatifrons ; it is much broader at the anterior branchial regions than posteriorly and so presents a cordiform aspect. The upper surface is flattened posteriorly, moderately convex anteriorly and declivous towards the orbits and the front. The interregional groo- ves are very faint. The semicircular groove is shallow, in Pot. sinuatifrons it is deeper and the oblique lateral por- tions of the cervical groove are also very shallow. They
Notes from the Leyden Museuin , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BOIRNEO-EXPEDITION. 93
reach the postfrontal ridge at the end of the lateral cristi- form portions, about 5 millimeters internally to the epi- brauchial teeth. The mesogastric furrow is narrow, does not pass ou to the front and bifurcates posteriorly into two faintly defined, parallel grooves, that are situated close together and reach only to the middle of the gastric region, so that, just as in Pot. sijiuatifrons, the mesogastric area is not defined anteriorly. This area is rather small and in proportion to the width of the cephalothorax a little less broad than in Fot. sinuatifro?is : in the latter species it measures about one fourth, in Pot. mahakkamense only one fifth the width of the carapace. The rugose urogastric areolets, that are not contiguous, are well- defined, but the depressions bounding the cardiac region are very shallow and iudistinct. The anterior branchial region, twice as large as the posterior, is almost not se- parated from the latter; a shallow groove bounds the posterior branchial region posteriorly, just in front of a raised line, that runs close to and parallel with the lateral parts of the posterior margin and that ends above the legs of the fifth pair. The distance between the external orbital angles measures little more than half the breadth of the carapace. The free border of the front (Fig. 8*), that, like the upper margins of the orbits, is obscurely crenulated, measures scarcely one fourth the width of the cara- pace; it shows in the middle a broad shallow bay, which is about half as broad as the frontal margin, but which, in Pot. sinuatifrons (Fig. 9«) is a little less broad ; the la- teral sinuses are almost indistinct. The outer angles of the front are moderately sharp, the lateral margins are a little oblique, slightly divergent; they make, however, right angles with the contiguous parts of the free border, because the latter are somewhat oblique. The lateral mar- gins of the front curve regularly into the external por- tion of the orbital margin and these external portions run somewhat obliquely forwards.
The interrupted post-frontal ridge resembles that of Pot.
Notes troin the I-ieyden Museuxu, Vol. X^I.
94 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
sinuatifrons. The internal portions, bouucling the slightly declivous epigastric lobes, are placed a little in front of and quite separate from the lateral portions; the internal portions are about as broad, taken together, as the free border of the front and are not cristiform, but only rugose and wrinkled. In Pot. sinuatifrons, how- ever, they are more or less cristiform. The lateral portions are cristiform, obscurely crenulate, almost straight; they extend a little beyond the outer angles of the orbits, but stop then abruptly, at a distance of about 5 millimetres internally to the epibranchial teeth, at the end of the cervical groove. Between this spot and the epibran- chial tooth one observes four or five rounded granules. The postfrontal ridge is rather far distant from the free border of the front and from the orbits; the distance be- tween the former and the internal portions measures, in the median line of the carapace, 5 millimetres, so that the front is nearly three times as broad as long. Just as in Pot. siiiuatifrons, the trapezoidal epigastric lobes are bounded posteriorly by shallow furrows, but they are less distinct.
The obscurely denticulate outer margin of the extra- orbital tooth is nearly straight and makes almost a right angle with the contiguous portion of the upper margin of the orbits; this margin has a much more oblique direction than in Pot. sinuatifrons (Fig. 8 and Fig. 9). The extraorbital tooth is slightly concave above and the outer angles of the orbits are moderately sharp ; they reach almost as far forwards as the free border of the front. The epibranchial tooth is also moderately sharp, but small and little prominent; these teeth are placed, just as in Pot. sinuatifrons, a little before the postfrontal ridge, so that a line uniting them passes along the upper margin of the orbits. The epibranchial tooth is comparatively farther distant from the outer angle of the orbits, i. e. the outer margin of the extraorbital tooth is comparatively longer than in Pot. sinuatifrons. The
Motes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 95
distance between the epibranchial tooth and the outer angle of the orbits measures justly one sixth, in Pot. sinuatifrons, however, only one ninth of the distance between the outer angles of the orbits, and that distance between the two teeth measures in Fot. smuatifro7is about one third the breadth of the orbits, but in our new spe- cies it is a little more than halfas long as the orbits are broad. The small epibranchial tooth passes into a regularly curved, slightly raised and obscurely granu- late or denticulate crest, that ends about at the level of the posterior boundary of the gastric region, so that the cephalothorax presents its greatest width a little in front of the limit of the anterior third of the upper surface. The postero-lateral margins are straight, rounded and converge as much backwards as in Fot. sinuatifrons; the posterior margin of the cephalothorax finally is slightly concave and measures about one third the breadth of the cephalothorax.
The whole upper surface appears slightly granulate. The upper surface of the front is densely covered with small, little prominent granules, about '/g mm. broad; similar, though somewhat smaller granules are seen between the orbits and the postfrontal ridge. The anterior branchial area is densely beset, just behind the epibranchial tooth, with granules similar to those of the front and these granules pass gradually backwards into short, granulated, oblique rugae that rather den- sely cover the lateral margin of the carapace; they are longest and most distinct near the middle of the lateral margin and become gradually smaller backwards. Near the cervical and branchio-cardiac grooves the granules and short raised lines gradually grow smaller, more flattened and scarcely prominent at all. Flattened, partly confluent and coalescent granules are observed on the epigastric and protogastric areae and these granules become likewise smaller, more flattened and less salient posteriorly and on the car- diac and intestinal regions. To the naked eye, how- Notes from the Ley den ]Museum, Vol. XXJ.
96 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
ever, the granulation is visible over the whole upper surface of the carapace.
In the type-specimens of Pot. sinuatifrons^ on the con- trary, the upper surface appears almost everywhere smooth, there are only small granules on the front and on the extra-orbital tooth, while oblique rugae cover the lateral margin of the carapace.
The orbits are transverse, almost twice as broad as high and their width measures two thirds the breadth of the frontal margin ; the lower border that is obscurely crenu- late and more curved than in Fot. sinuatifrons, presents, as in this species, just below the outer angle of the orbits, a small triangular hiatus.
The epistome almost agrees with that of Pot. sinuati- frons. It is smooth, like its anterior and posterior margin ; the process in the middle of the latter is formed chiefly by the median palatal ridge. The lobe at the anterior ex- tremity of the lateral margins of the buccal frame appears regularly curved and distinctly crenulate in Pot. sinuatifrons, but in the new species it is angular and quite smooth (vide Fig. 8« and Fig. 9^).
The subhepatic region is marked in the middle with a transverse row of granules that are partly confluent and so constitute a rather salient, transverse ridge, some other granules are lying around it. The floor of the branchial chamber is densely covered with finely granu- lated, short oblique rugae and is distinctly defined by a groove from the subhepatic region ; the brauchiostegite is rugose externally and a row of small granules is seen along the furrow that separates it from the subhepatic area.
The outer maxillipedes fully agree with those of Pot. sinuatifrons. The furrow on the rather densely punctate ischium-joint runs a little closer to the internal than to the external margin and proceeds from the posterior to the anterior margin of the joint.
The abdomen is densely punctate.
The right chelipede is somewhat larger than the left.
Notes from the Lieyden Mnseuin , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 97
The meri reach but little beyond the lateral margins of the cephalothorax, the upper edge is unarmed, but trans- versely rugose, the two angles of the lower surface are granular and rather sharp, especially the outer. The lower surface bears a small conical tubercle distally near the inner edge and is somewhat granular around it. The outer surface is also somewhat rugose. The carpopodites are slightly rugose above and armed at the inner angle with a strong spine, that, especially in the smaller cheli- pede, is somewhat flattened and compressed; beneath this spine a much smaller one is seen. The hori- zontal length of the larger hand measures two thirds the width of the carapace, the fingers are about just as long as the palm and the latter is almost just as high at the articulation as long. The outer surface of the palm is co- vered with little salient , transverse rugosities ; on the upper and on the lower margin flattened granules, not at all prominent, are found, but the granules as well as the rugosities are visible to the naked eye. The pointed fin- gers cannot be brought into complete contact, but leave a narrow interspace when closed ; they resemble those of Pot. sinuatifrons, presenting the same longitudinal grooves and rows of puncta ; they are for the rest smooth, the dactylus appears only indistinctly granular at the base. The fingers show several teeth , that are small, obtuse and unequal. The other chela agrees with the described one, but the fingers are distinctly somewhat longer than the palm.
The ambulatory legs are also similar to those of Pot. sinuatifrons. They are of moderate length , so e. g. are those of the antepenultimate pair one third longer than the carapace is broad. The meropodites are rather slender, so are those of that pair almost 4-times as long as broad, and the following joints are also slender, the propodites of this pair being about 3-times as long as broad. The meropodites carry transverse rugosities on their outer sur- face near the upper margin, that is quite unarmed at its
iN^otes from tlie Ley den Museum, Vol. X!XI.
7
98 CRUSTACEANS 01' THE
distal end, those of the last pair are a little punctate, smooth. The two following joints are also rugose exter- nally ; the crest on the outer surface of the earpopodites is well-marked except on the legs of the last pair and the propodites present a longitudinal groove in the middle] of their outer surface. The last joints are stout, elongate, a little longer than the propodites, well armed with small spines and slightly arcuate towards their extremities.
The cephalothorax has a light violet colour, the legs are yellowish red.
Amongst the type-specimens that I received from the Zoological Museum of Göttingen is also a female, without eggs, of that species that was referred by Burger (in : Zoolog. Jahrbücher, herausgegeben von J. Spengel, Abth. f. System. V. 8, 1894, p. 2) to Potamon sinuatifrons. It belongs certainly to this species for there are no other differences from the type-specimens from the Paris Natural History Museum than with regard to the dactylopodites of the ambulatory legs. According to the measurements these joints indeed appear comparatively a little longer and so- mewhat narrower than in the Paris types. Burger referred his specimens with some doubt to Pot. sinuatifrons^ for he was misled by the figure of this species in the »Nou- velles Archives du Muséum", that is inexact as shows at first sight a comparison with my figures (Plates 8 and 9, Fig. 9). Potamon sinuatifrons proves consequently to in- habit the Philippine Islands (Zamboanga and Rio Jibon): the habitat was hitherto remained unknown. It is represented in Central Borneo by Pot. maliakkamense and Pot. consohrinum.
Measurements in mm. : 12 3 4
Q ^ c^ ^
Breadth of the cephalothorax 61 53 36 41
Length „ - 45 39 26'- 30^
Distance between the ext. orbital angles .... 33i 314- 22^- 26^
Breadth of the frontal margin 14 12^ 8^ 10
Distance between the epibranchial teeth .... 44 37| 27j^ 31^ Distance between the external orbital angle and
the epibranchial tooth ó^ 3J- 2^ 3
I^otes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 99
12 3 4
9 (/ c/" 9 Distance, in the middle line, between the frontal
margin and the postfrontal ridge 5 4 3 4
Distance between the outer angle of the front and
the inner portions of the postfrontal ridge. . . 5 3|- Distance between the outer angle of the orbits and
the ends of the lateral portions of the postfrontal
ridge H H ^ 3^
Breadth of the mesogastric area 12^^ 13 9 10
// of the posterior margin of the carapace. .21 15 Hi 15
Breadth of the orbits 9^ 9^ 7 7.^
Height « // // , the margins included . . . 5y 5 4^ 4§-
Length of the larger cbela 421-39 24i 29
„ „ palm 22 19|. 131 14'
Height „ . „ 19^ 16i 10 12^
Length of the legs .i 85 75 50 58
, V meropodites | . 27^ 25V L8 18|.
Breadth» „ . I'S 7i 7 5| 5|
Length of the propodites "a ^ 16 14 10 11
Breadth» "| 5^ 5^ 3| 3|
Length of the dactylopodites -*^ 18^ 15 lOi 13i
Breadth» „ » 'S 2 1^ IJ
N°. 1. Potamon mahakkamense n. sp. ; N^^ 2 and 3 type- specimens of Pot. sinuatifrons H. M. E., habitat unknown, from the Paris Natural History Museum; N°. 4 Female of Pot. sinuatifrons H. M. E. from the Philippine Islands and belonging to the Göttingen Museum.
Potamon {Potamon) consohrinum^ n. sp. (Plates 6, 9 and 10, Fig. 10).
Telphusa sinuatifrons Milne Edwards?, Miers, in: Annals and Mag. of Natural History, Ser. 5, Vol.5, 1880, p. 305.
One male, having lost the chelipedes, collected October 1893 by Dr. Hallier on the top of Mount Damoes, Sam- bas, at an altitude of 1100 — 1300 meter.
One somewhat younger female, without eggs, captured June 1894 in the Upper Sibau river.
There can be no doubt that these specimens belong to the same species as that which was described by Miers
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseuiri, "Vol. XXI.
lÖO CRUSTACEANS OF THE
(I.e.) under the name of Telph. sinuaiifrons , but they ought to be considered as a new species, though bearing a close resemblance to the former, three type-specimens of which are lying before me (confer p. 92). Fot. consobrinum differs 1° by the still more depressed and flattened cephalo- thorax, 2° by the different shape of the front, 3° by the more enlarged joints of the ambulatory legs and by the shorter dactylopodites. ')
The two specimens, collected at localities rather far dis- tant from one another, though certainly belonging to one and the same species, do not fully agree, so that I prefer to treat of them separately. As the female bears a closer resemblance to Pot. sinuatifrons than the male does, I will describe it in the first place.
With regard to the proportion of the measurements of the carapace, the female fully agrees with the types of Po^ sinuatifrons. The front, however, is very little deflexed, still less than in this species, and it appears a little broader in proportion to its length. The upper margin of the orbits has namely a different direction (Fig. 10* and Fig. 10<^) ; its superciliary portion, forming the lateral margin of the front, makes a very obtuse angle with the adjoining middle portion of the margin and this middle portion runs very slightly backwards before curving towards the external orbital angle. In the types of Fot. sinuatifrons^ however, the lateral margins of the front pass constantly with a regular curve into the middle por- tion of the margin (Fig. 9 and Fig. 9*) and this middle portion runs transverse ly outwards or even slightly forwards; the lateral margins of the front are compara-
1) Milne Edwards (in: Annales Sciences Nat. 1853,. T. XX, p. 211) says that Th. sinuatifrons «ressemble au Tfi. fiuviatilis par sa forme générale". This, however, can hardly be said. When I compare specimens of the European species from the river Sarno near Naples with the types of Pot. sinuatifrons, the carapace of the latter appears more enlarged and more flattened, the extra-orbital tooth has a quite other shape and direction, the antero-lateral margins are more finely denticulate, the front has a difTerent form and is but finely granular and there are still more differences.
JNotes from the Leyden Museu-ixi, Vol. XXT.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 101
tively longer than in the female from the Upper Sibau and in consequence of it the front of the latter appears slightly broader. When the carapace is looked at from above, the median sinus of the frontal margin appears, in Fot. sinuati- frons, a little deeper than the lateral ones (Plate 8, Fig. 9^^) ; in the female from the river Sibau, however, the free bor- der of the front appears almost straight in the middle, but the lateral sinuses are well-defined (Plate 6, Fig. 10«). The postfrontal ridge almost fully agrees with that oï Pot. sinua- tifronSi the median or internal portions, however, are cris- tiform, in the type-specimens of the other species indistinctly so. The oblique grooves between the gastric and the epi- branchial region are somewhat deeper than in Pot. sinua- tifrons and the cardiac area is bounded posteriorly by a transverse depression from the intestinal one. In both spe- cies are the epigastric lobes distinctly defined posteriorly by a transverse furrow. The raised line above the legs of the 5*15 pair is more prominent than in the other species. As regards the course of the lateral margin of the cepha- lothorax, the form of the extra-orbital tooth and of the epibranchial one, the proportion between the distance of these teeth from one another and that between the external orbital angles, the female from the Upper Sibau agrees with Pot. sinuatifrons. The free border of the front and the supraorbital margin are almost smooth, but in Pot. sinua- tifrons distinctly crenulate.
Though the type-specimens are varnished , the upper surface of the cephalothorax seems, however, to present the same structure in both species. The anterior branchial region is covered with oblique rugosities that, near the postero- lateral margins, gradually pass into less salient, short, raised lines. The extra-orbital tooth is granular above, the front finely granulate. The epigastric lobes and the proto- gastric regions appear very slightly rugose anteriorly, the rest of the surface is minutely punctate.
The inferior orbital margin is distinctly crenulate in Pot. sinuatifrons, but in the female from the upper Sibau scar- Notes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. XXI.
102 CRUSTACEANS OP THE
cely so. With regard to the rugosities on the subhepatic and subbranchial regions both species nearly resemble one another, they are, however, less prominent. The epistome presents also the same characters, but the lobe at the ante- rior extremity of the lateral margins of the buccal frame, that in Pot. sinuatifrons is crenulate, appears nearly smooth, just as in Fot. mahakkamense. The external maxillipedes fully agree in both species. Sternum and abdomen are smooth, finely punctate.
Though the type-specimens of Pot. sinuatijrons are all males, the anterior legs seem to resemble those of the female from the Upper Sibau. The left is a little larger than the right. The angles of the lower surface of the arms are distinctly granulate in Pot. sinuatifrons, but almost smooth in the female, the rugosities on the upper edge are also less defined. The upper surface of the wrists carries very small , partly inosculating grooves and depressions , but in the males of Pot. sinuatifrons one observes finely granulated raised lines ; just as in this species the inner augle is armed with a short conical spine, beneath which is a very small one. The chela of the left leg is just as long as measures the distance between the outer orbital angles, the fingers, in contact throughout their length, are a little longer than the palm, that is somewhat less high at the articulation of the fingers than it is long. The outer surface of the palm is beset with transverse rugo- sities and inosculating foveae , but in the types of Pot. sinuatifrons transverse granulated lines are seen at least on the upper margin and on the upper half of the outer surface and some granules at the base of the index. The fingers are distinctly grooved and multidentate. The ambu- latory legs resemble those of Pot. sinuatifrons, but the propodites of the 5^^ pair are slightly broader and the dactylopodites a little shorter and stouter.
The male from Mount Damoes differs from the female by the following. The cephalothorax isalittle broader anteriorly, as is proved by the proportion between its length
iNotes from tlie Leyclen Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 103
and the distance between the external orbital angles or that between the epibranchial teeth. The extraorbital tooth is comparatively larger. In the female the distance be- tween the external orbital angle and the tip of the epi- branchial tooth measures just one eighth part of that between the external orbital angles ; in the male from Mount Damoes, however, one sixth, but perhaps may this difference be attributed to the different size of these spe- cimens. In the female the free border of the front mea- sures exactly one third the length of the carapace, just as in the type-specimens of Pot, sinuatifrons ; in the male from Mount Damoes it is, however, considerably broader and such a specimen was described by Miers (1. c). The front, the frontal margin, the orbits and their margins fully resemble, however, those of the female ; the free border of the front (Plate 6, Fig. 10^^ and Plate 9, Fig. 10*) presents three very shallow bays, the middle of which is not deeper than the lateral.
The postfrontal ridge is a little less salient, but for the rest agrees with that of the female. The grooves between the gastric region and the epibranchial are not so deep. The median process of the posterior border of the epi- stome has a different form in the male and in the female (Fig. iOf and Fig. 10^), but this is also the case in the two specimens of Pot. sinuatifrons, in the larger one it is triangular about as in the female from the Upper Sibau, but in the smaller specimen its form agrees very well with that observed in the male from Mount Damoes. This dif- ference therefore cannot be a sexual one. The posterior margin of the epistome is transverse in Pot. sinuatifrons, but both in the male and in the female o? Pot. consobrinum it runs on each side slightly backwards.
The lower surface of the carapace and the outer foot- jaws fully agree in both individuals.
The abdomen (Fig. 10») resembles that of Pot. sinuati- frons. The terminal segment is a little shorter than its base is broad, the lateral margins are slightly convex, the tip
Notes from the Leyclen Museum, Vol. XXI.
104 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
is obtuse. The penultimate segment is a little shorter, its posterior margin is somewhat more, the anterior a little less than once and a half as broad as this segment is long and the lateral margins are nearly straight.
The anterior legs are unfortunately lost. The joints of the ambulatory legs are slightly broader in proportion to their length than in the female from the Upper Sibau, the dactylopodites, however, even those of the 5*b pair, fully agree.
Both specimens have the same colour. The upper sur- face of the cephalothorax and of the ambulatory legs is olive-green, the free border of the front, the orbital and the antero-lateral margins are yellow, the lower surface presents the same colour though lighter; the anterior legs of the female are reddish with a greenish hue and the extremities of the fingers are dark brown.
I suppose that the described differences will prove to be individual or sexual or a consequence of different age, when a large series of specimens from the same localities once will be examined.
Measurements of the two specimens of Pot. consobrimim :
Breadth of the cephalothorax 45 39
Length » » „ 33 29
Distance between the external orbital angles 30 24
Breadth of the frontal margin 14 9|
Distance between the epibranchial teeth 38 30
Distance between the ext. orbital angle and the epibranchial tooth. 5 3 Distance, in the median line, between the frontal margin and
the postfrontal ridge 3V 3
Distance between the outer angle of the front and the internal
portions of the postfrontal ridge 4^ 3^
Distance between the outer angle of the orbits and the post- frontal ridge 41 31-
Breadth of the mesogastric area 12 iOl
Breadth of the posterior margin of the carapace 13' 13
Breadth of the orbits 8 7
Height » ,, ., 4| 4
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen 1\
0 n „ penultimate » » » » 6V
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment 9
Notes from the Leyden Miuseum, "Vol. iXXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 405
cf $
Breadth of the posterior margin of this segment 10^
Length of the larger chela 24
« I' m palm 10
Height » » „ 9
Length of the legs of the antepenultimate pair 60 58
// » ,/ meropodites 21 19
Breadth,, „ „ 6| U
Length of the propodites 11 Hf
Breadth „ „ - 5 4
Length of the dactylopodites 134 12
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair 62 55
» H « meropodites 191 18
Breadth 6| 5^
Length of the propodites 11 H
Breadth of the propodites 5 4
Length of the dactylopodites 13 11 1
Length of the legs of the last pair 50 43
Length of the meropodites 16 14
Breadth ., „ •> 64 5^
Length of the propodites 9^ 8|
Breadth, „ 6 4|
Length of the dactylopodites 9| 8
Potamon (Potamon) Melanippe, n. sp. (Plate 9, Fig. 11).
Two males and two females were collected on the Liang Koeboeng Mountains, March and April 1894.
The largest specimen is a female without eggs, the other female somewhat younger and the abdomen of which is still triangular, was found in the forest. The larger male has about the same size as the younger female, the other male is quite young. Perhaps, however, even the largest specimen has not yet attained its full size. This remarkable species has the same enormously long and slender ambulatory legs as Pot. austenianum W.-Mas. from Cherra Piinji, Assam, but it appears to be a different species. As was rightly remarked by Wood- Mason (1. c. p. 204), Pot. austenianum differs from all its
Notes from the Leyden IVtuseum, Vol. XX.I.
406 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
known congeners at first sight by the extraordinarily long and slender ambulatory legs and I will therefore firstly indicate the differences between the Indian species and that from Central Borneo.
Pot. mistenianum W.-Mas. was described after a single adult female, the carapace of which is 48 mm. broad; the cephalothorax of the largest specimen from Central Borneo is not yet half as broad, but, as was already re- marked, our specimens are perhaps not yet fully deve- loped. The two females show an epibranchial tooth, obtuse and small, but the males present only a trace of it; the epibranchial teeth of Pot. austenianum, however, are de- scribed as » extremely salient". The epibranchial teeth pass backwards as crests that in the species from Assam are prominent and dentate, in the Borneo specimens, however, only finely denticulate or granulate. The epibranchial teeth are situated comparatively more back- wards, farther distant from the external orbi- tal angles than in the Indian species so that the extra- orbital tooth appears larger and the postfrontal ridge placed more backwards. The post-frontal ridge runs as in Pot. mistenianum', the epigastric lobes that are finely gra- nulate and confluent with the protogastric regions, are somewhat advanced, the mesogastric furrow between them is deep, but not continued untill the cervical groove. The epigastric lobes are somewhat oblique and separated by shallow furrows from the contiguous portions of the post- frontal ridge. These external portions are granular but do not reach until the epibranchial teeth. The mesogastric area is bounded in the Indian species by distinct furrows from the rest of the gastric region; these furrows are wanting completely in Pot. Melanippe. The external portions of the supraorbital margins are more oblique, as may be seen by comparing my figures with those of Wood-Mason, and the orbits are little broader than high, those of Fat. austenianum appear to be only half as high as broad (Wood-Mason, 1. c. fig. 2). The
Notes from the Leyclen Museum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 107
posterior margin of the cephalothorax is considerably broader: in the species described by Wood-Masou, an adult female, the breadth of the posterior margin is not yet half as large as the distance between the external orbital angles, but in Pot. Melanippe it measures about three fourth parts of the latter. The merus-joint of the outer foot-jaws has a different form, the external margin being convex ; the ischial line is situated a little closer to the internal margin of the ischium.
These are the principal differences, I will add still the following. The front has apparently the same shape in both species. The mesogastric furrow is continued on the front, that is strongly deflexed and its rather coarsely punctate upper surface is raised on each side into a slightly convex eminence and the superciliary portions of the upper orbital margins are also longitudinally convex. As the lateral margins of the front converge rather much towards the anterior margin, the front is much wider at the base than at the free border. The latter is slightly bayed in the middle and convex on each side; it forms obtuse rounded angles with the lateral margins. One observes , parallel with the anterior margin of the front and close to it, a very finely crenulate crest or ridge; this crest appears (Figs. 11« and 11*) also concave in the middle, but does not reach to the lateral margins of the front, the lateral ex- tremities being separated from them by narrow fissures. The outer orbital angles are very salient, acute, and pro- ject a little beyond the anterior border of the front (Fig. 11«) ; the outer margin of the extra-orbital tooth has a S-like form , its upper surface is somewhat concave and granular.
The antero-lateral portions of the branchial region are marked with coarse granulations and the postero-lateral margins show finely granulate, oblique wrinkles. Oblique deep grooves separate the anterior branchial lobe from the protogastric region, but these furrows are not continuous to the semicircular groove, with other words the cervical groove is interrupted. The protogastric regions are also
Notes Irom the Leyden ]Vtviseu.m , Vol. XXI.
108 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
finely granular, the granules gradually decrease in size backwards and change into impressed puncta on which microscopical hairs are inserted, so that the metabranchial, cardiac and intestinal areae appear densely punctate. The posterior margin of the carapace is slightly concave.
The finely crenulate lower margin of the orbits shows no hiatus or incision near the external orbital angle, is regu- larly arcuate and the inner angle is obtuse. The posterior margin of the epistorae (Fig. 11^) is smooth and the trian- gular, rather obtuse tooth in the middle is separated by narrow fissures from the lateral parts that run like a S.
The branchial floor is covered with oblique wrinkles, the subhepatic region is also somewhat rugose and parallel rugae are seen on the brancbiostegite near the boundary of the subhepatic area. The merus-joint of the outer foot- jaws (Fig. 11^) is quadrate, its anterior margin is straight or a little concave, the outer margin convex; the ischial line runs near the internal margin of the ischium, some- what obliquely and does not reach the anterior margin.
The male abdomen (Fig. 11^) bears some resemblance to that of Pot. borneense v. Marts, var. hilaris. The terminal joint is once and a half as long as broad at the base, has a rounded extremity and its margins are slightly concave posteriorly. The penultimate joint is a little shorter, quadrate, as long as broad anteriorly and its posterior margin is a little less broad than the anterior. Sternum and abdomen are densely punctate. The abdomen of the largest female resembles that of Fot. stoliczkanum (Wood-Mason, 1. c. pi. XII, fig. 10), but the terminal joint is triangular, its length being in proportion to its breadth at the base like 4 : 7.
Like those of Pot. austenianum, the chelipedes are un- equal, either the right or the left being the larger; they seem to agree in both species. The upper margin of the meri carries transverse or oblique wrinkles and is unarmed at the distal end ; the margins of the lower surface that bears no tubercle near the articulation of the wrist, are a little tuberculate. The wrists are granularly rugose above
Notes from tlie Leyden Mviseum, Vol. XXI.
IDUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 109
and armed with a short, somewhat flattened spine at the inner angle, below which there is no other. The horizon- tal length of the larger chela is equal to the length of the cephalothorax and this hand is slightly more than twice as long as high ; the fingers are a little shorter than the palm and are, both in the male and in the female, in contact throughout their length. The palm is densely covered with fine granules, that are partly arranged in transverse rows. The fingers are very finely granular, they are marked with longitudinal rows of puncta ; the dactylus is not grooved, but a longitudinal groove is observed on the outer surface of the index, that, however, is rather shallow.
The ambulatory legs resemble those oi Pot. aiistenianum, so are e. g. those of the penultimate pair 3-times as long as the carapace and the meropodites of this pair are just as long as the cephalothorax. The meropodites and the propodites of the penultimate pair are 5-times as long as broad and the terminal joints are almost as long as the propodites. The meropodites are unarmed at the distal end of their upper margin, that is transversely wrinkled or somewhat granular ; their outer surface is densely punc- tate, though smooth. The ambulatory legs are glabrous.
The cephalothorax of the three large specimens has a dark bluish-black colour above, below on the sternum and the abdomen it is yellowish; the chelipedes are dark olive green, the fingers have yellow tips and are marked in the middle with one or two narrow yellow stripes. The ambu- latory legs are black with yellow tips. The young indivi- dual is reddish brown coloured.
Measurements in mm. :
Greatest width of the cephalothorax 19 21^ 17
Length „ „ , 14 16 J2^
Distance between the external orbital angles 11 12 J 10
» » the epibranchial teeth 15 17J 13|
Breadth of the anterior margin of the front 4] 4i| 3|
Breadth of the posterior border of the carapace .... 8-^ lOJ 8
Notes from the Leyden M-useum, Vol. XX.1.
|
H: |
2^ |
|
n |
2 |
|
17.V |
12 |
|
8 |
H |
|
71 |
51 |
|
16 |
12', |
|
3 |
2,1- |
|
11 |
8 |
|
2! |
H |
|
11 |
8.V |
110 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Length of the terminal joint of the abdomen 3
,/ »/ // penultimate segment 2^
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment .... 2|
V // // posterior „ ,, „ ,, .... 2',
Breadth of the orbits 3|
Height of . „ 2
Horizontal length of the larger hand 14
» It H H fingers ^\
Height of the larger hand 6
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair 45
» // » meropodites of this pair 15
Breadth „ " „ » « „ 3
Length of the propodites « » 10
Breadth , » „ „ ; « 2
Length of the dactylopodites » » // 10
Potamon {Geothelphusa) kenepai, n. sp. (Plates 10 and 11, Fig. 12).
One single male collected, January 1894, in a forest on Mount Kenepai.
Though this specimen bears a close resemblance to Pot. hendersonianum n. sp., it is to be considered, I think, as a different species.
The cephalothorax is subquadrate, little broader than long, the greatest width being in proportion to the length about as 5 : 4 and the distance between the outer angles of the orbits being but little shorter than the length of the cephalothorax. The branchial region, moreover, is somewhat expanded laterally, so that above the legs of the antepenultimate pair the cephalothorax appears almost just as broad as at it greatest width. The carapace is moderately convex anteriorly, depressed poste- riorly and the interregional furrows are rather deep. The deep cervical groove is interrupted, as in so many other species ; the anterior portions directed towards the epibran- chial teeth, would make a right angle with one another when prolonged backwards. Rather deep depressions sepa- Notes frora tlic Leyden IMuseum, Vol. X!XI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. Ill
rate the cardiac region from the intestinal one and shal- low depressions are observed between the somewhat convex, anterior branchial lobe and the much smaller posterior. The slightly concave posterior margin of the cephalothorax is just half as broad as the latter.
The post-frontal ridge is only represented by the promi- nent epigastric lobes, that are wrinkled, advanced, con- fluent with the protogastric regions , but subsiding abruptly towards the front; the mesogastric furrow is deep and extends almost to the middle of the gastric region, but the mesogastric area is , however, confluent backwards with the protogastric lobes. The postorbital groove is shallow. The front fully agrees with that oï Pot. hendersonianum^ but it is slightly narrower and the lateral margins are somewhat less oblique. The upper sur- face of the front is a little more concave in the middle and the postorbital groove is smooth.
The nearly transverse upper margin of the orbits (Fig. 12«) is slightly sinuous and the acute external orbital angles reach not as far forward as the front. At a short distance behind the outer angle of the orbits one observes a rudimentary epibranchial tooth, represented only by a slight notch in the margin and the small prominence passes backward and inward, for a very short distance, as an obscure crest, that is just as long as the distance between the extra-orbital angle and the epibranchial tooth. A little more backward, the cephalo- thorax appears very slightly swollen outside of and beneath the antero-lateral margin and, posterior to the antero-lateral crest, the whole margin of the cephalothorax is marked with oblique raised lines. To the naked eye the upper surface of the cephalothorax appears smooth and shining, but, examined under an ordinary lens , a fine and close punctation is observed on the whole surface; the puncta are of different size, larger puncta being distributed amongst numerous microscopical other ones. Strangely enough the right half of the cardiac region is quite smooth, devoid of Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. X^X.1.
112 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
puncta. The margins of tbe front and of the orbits are smooth.
The orbits and the eye-peduncles fully agree with those of Fot. hendersonianum and this is also the ease with the lower surface of the carapace. The median process of the posterior margin of the epistome, however, is not pro- minent and broadly rounded.
The ischial line on the somewhat punctate, outer maxil- lipedes (Fig. \2d) is a little oblique and runs somewhat closer to the internal than to the external margin of the ischium-joint ; it reaches not to the anterior margin. The merus-joint is somewhat broader than long, the slightly arcuate outer margin makes a right though rounded angle with the straight anterior one.
The abdomen resembles that of Pot. hendersonianum, so that I refer to the figure of that species and to the mea- surements. The distance between the extremity of the abdominal cavity and the posterior margin of the buccal frame (Fig. 12^") is distinctly shorter than that be- tween the extremity of the ischial line on the outer foot- jaws and the outer margin of the ischium. Sternum and abdomen are finely punctate.
As well the anterior as the ambulatory legs resemble almost completely those of Pot. hendersonianum, but the fingers of the larger hand (Fig \2<^) show a very fine granulation, when examined under a lens. For the rest I refer to my figure and to the measurements. The upper surface of the cephalothorax has a reddish-brown colour, that is somewhat lighter on the ambulatory legs ; the chelae are yellowish, but the distal half of the fingers is brown.
Measurements in millim. :
Greatest breadth of the cephalothorax 13^
Length » » » Hi
Distance between the outer angles of the orbits 10|
u m II epibranchial teeth 12
K , „ outer angle of the orbits and the epibranchial tooth 1 Breadth of the free border of the front 4|
» m » posterior margin of the cephalothorax ....... 64
Motes from tlie Lieyden INXuseuni, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION'. 113
Width of the orbits 3
Height « » , 2
Distance, in the median line, between the frontal margin and the epi- gastric lobes 1^
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen 2j-
„ f, „ penultimate segment 2J.
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment 2
» » » posterior » » „ » 2-i-
Length of the antepenultimate segment 1^
Breadth of the posterior margin of this segment 3*
Horizontal length of the larger hand ]0.^-
» „ ff „ fingers 5-J
Height of the palm 5
Horizontal length of the smaller chela "j-
., „ fingers 4|
Height of the palm 2i
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair 25
./ » ./ meropodites of this pair 7|
Breadth , „ ., „ „ ., 2?,
Length of the propodites of this pair 4^
Breadth „ ,. « . „ 1 ^
Length of the dactylopodites of this pair 5-|
Breadth „ „ . „ „ „ t
Potamon (Geofhelphusa) hendersonianuin, n. sp. (Plate 11, Fig. 13).
Two males and four females, one of whicli is ova-bearing, were collected, October 1893, by Dr. Hallier at the top of Mount Damoes, Sambas, at an altitude of 1100 — 1800 meter.
One very young male, collected by Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 1893, at the foot of Mount Damoes.
This species , that I have the pleasure to dedicate to Prof. ,1. R. Henderson of Madras, belongs to the subgenus Geothelphusa, because the post-frontal ridge is only repre- sented by the more or less distinct, epigastric lobes and it differs from allied species by the epibranchial teeth wanting completely.
The cephalothorax is little enlarged, the greatest width
Notes from the Leyden M.u.seum, Vol. >CXI.
8
114 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
being iu proportion to the length as 4:3. The gastric region is somewhat convex from before backwards (Fig. 13*) and also from side to side; the anterior branchial lobe is slightly swollen and scarcely distinct from the pos- terior. The cardiac and intestinal regions finally are flat- tened. The cervical groove is interrupted; the two anterior shallow depressions between each protogastric region and the anterior branchial grooves that reach till near the lateral margin of the cephalothorax, would, when prolonged backwards, make an angle with one another slightly larger than a right one, their direction being very oblique ; the median portion of the cervical groove is also shallow. An anterior and a posterior pair of puncta, ad- joining the cervical groove on the gastric region, are quite distinct. The mesogastric furrow is moderately deep, slightly continued on to the front but not backwards, so that the gastric region is not subdivided. The epigastric lobes that are little prominent and confluent backwards with the protogastric regions, are two small areolets covered with oblique wrinkles and directed somewhat obliquely, but sometimes they are scarcely defined ; they are together a little less broad than the front. On each side of the epigastric lobes the anterior boundary of the protogastric regions appears more or less distinctly wrinkled. The flat- tened cardiac region, somewhat broader than long, is boun- ded posteriorly by a shallow transverse depression from the intestinal area that is likewise much broader than long and covered with very fine transverse wrinkles, but the cardiac area is confluent, on each side, with the posterior branchial one. The urogastric lobules are small, rugose and not contiguous to one another.
The front is strongly deflexed downward and raised into two very slightly convex eminences, that are defined laterally from the upper margin of the orbits by a well- marked furrow, which curves laterally towards and issues into the quite shallow post-orbital groove or depression between the orbits and the protogastric regions. The upper
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 115
surface of the front, consequently slightly concave in the middle, appears very finely wrinkled and granular, when examined under a lens and by means of the latter a still finer granulation is observed on the post- orbital groove. The free border of the front, which, just like the upper margin of the orbits, is smooth, is divided by a moderately deep and broad median sinus into two distinctly arcuate lobes, that pass with a regular curve into the lateral margins of the front i.e. into the upper margins of the orbits, so that it is somewhat diffi- cult to measure exactly the breadth of the free border. It appears, however, to measure about one third the width of the cephalothorax. The lateral margins of the front diverge moderately backward, so that the front is much broader at its base than at its free border; measured in the middle, the height of the front i. e. the distance be- tween the epigastric lobes and the anterior margin, appears to be one third the breadth of the latter. A distinct trans- verse crest runs immediately behind and contiguous to the free border of the front, though this crest extends not along the whole breadth of the margin (Fig. 13*).
The moderately sharp outer angles of the orbits reach a little less forward than the front; the distance between them is about as large as the cephalothorax is long. The lateral margins of the cephalothorax are S-like arcuate, so that the carapace is narrowest at the level of the posterior boundary of the gastric region and the postero-lateral mar- gins are somewhat concave (Fig. 13). One observes almost along the whole extent of the lateral margins numerous, partly interrupted , oblique raised lines ; they are rather long, reaching nearly to the middle of the branchial regions. The foremost of these lines that bounds anteriorly the oblique anterior portion of the cervical groove, runs obliquely towards the lateral margin of the cephalothorax and other interrupted lines border that groove posteriorly ; between the outer angles of the orbits and these foremost oblique Hues the lateral margin of the cephalothorax is slightly
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
i!C) CHUSTACEANS OF THE
carinate, but for the rest the margin is rounded. An epi- branchial tooth, even an epi branchial notch, that e. g. is observed in Geothelphusa Kuhli de M., are wanting completely. The gastric, cardiac and bran- chial regions are densely punctate, for the rest smooth ; the puncta are somewhat larger on the protogastric lobes than posteriorly. The slightly concave posterior margin of the cephalothorax is, in the male, about once and a half as broad as the free border of the front, in the female somewhat broader.
The orbits are transverse, their width measures two thirds of the free border of the front and they are once and a half as broad as high (Fig. 13*). The lower margin that is finely crenulate, is slightly arcuate, without a notch near the outer angle and the obtuse- inner angle is not prominent. The eye-peduncles are finely granular.
The oblique raised lines of the lateral margin of the cephalothorax pass forwards on to the inflected portion of the carapace, i.e. to the branchial floor; a smooth inter- space, though no furrow, separates it from the subhepatic region, which is likewise beset with several raised lines, running, however, more transversely. The groove between the subhepatic region and the branchiostegite is deep and the latter is also covered with transverse and oblique, prominent, raised rugosities. The median process of the posterior border of the epistome is prominent, obtuse.
The well-marked ischial line on the slightly punctate outer foot-jaws runs much nearer to the inner than to the outer margin and is not continued to the anterior margin of the ischium-joint; the merus-joint is a little broader than long, the curved outer margin makes an obtuse angle with the shorter, very slightly concave anterior margin (Fig. IB*^).
The sternum of the male is smooth, finely punctate. The distance between the anterior extremity of the abdomi- nal cavity and the posterior oblique margin of the buccal frame (Fig. 13»') is a little broader than the distance
Notes from the Leyden. IMiaseum, Vol. XJX.I.
rUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 117
between the anterior extremity of the ischial line on the outer foot-jaws and the external margin of the ischium.
The male abdomen (Fig. 13^^) much resembles that of Geothelphusa Kuhli. The terminal joint, the lateral margins of which ai'e slightly concave posteriorly, is a little longer than its base is broad ; the penultimate segment is just as long or scarcely longer than the terminal and appears al- most just as broad as long. The antepenultimate segment is a little shorter than the penultimate and just half as long as its posterior margin is broad, the lateral margins of this segment are very slightly concave.
The terminal segment of the abdomen of the female is triangular, half as long as its posterior margin is broad, with obtuse extremity.
The eggs (Fig. 13y) are few in number, but large, their diameter measuring about 1,75 millim.
In both males the left chelipede is the larger one. The meri are short, projecting but little beyond the lateral margins of the carapace, the dorsal edge without a tooth at the extremity is transversely rugose and the outer sur- face is covered with finely crenulate trausverse rugosities, the two inferior margins are granular, the lower surface is smooth, without a tubercle near the carpal articulation. The wrist is covered with transverse rugosities and bears at the inner angle a short tooth. The larger chela of the adult male (Fig. 13/") is, measured horizontally, as long as the cephalothorax is broad ; the fingers that leave an interspace between them when closed, are slightly longer than the palm and the latter is about as high as long. The inferior margin of the hand is slightly concave below the articulation of the fingers. The somewhat convex outer surface of the palm is smooth and shining, one observes only, by means of a lens, a few finely crenulate, trans- verse lines near the carpal joint. The fingers are regularly tapering; both are smooth, not grooved but marked witli fine puncta, arranged in longitudinal rows, scarcely visible to the naked eye. The index is straight and bears
Notes from tlie Leyden jMusemn, Vol XJXI.
118 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
several small teeth, that decrease ia size toAvards the tip, and one of which, on the middle of the finger, is the lar- gest; the teeth of the dactylus are less prominent and this finger is strongly curved; the extremities of both fin- gers are pointed.
The smaller chela of the adult male measures only two thirds the length of the other; the fingers that are almost in contact, are just as long as the palm and the latter is a little less high than long. The transverse finely crenulate lines near the carpal joint extend almost to the middle of the palm and the longitudinal rows of puncta are faintly grooved.
In the second male the larger hand measures only two thirds the width of the cephalothorax, the fingers that are just as long as the palm , are in contact with one another and the dactylus is not yet arcuate; they are not grooved, but marked with longitudinal rows of puncta. The fingers of the smaller chela are slightly grooved.
In the female the anterior legs are equal or subequal.
In the ova-bearing specimen the left chela is very slightly larger than the right. The fingers are in contact, feebly toothed and more or less distinctly longitudinally grooved.
The ambulatory legs are of moderate length (Fig. 13). So are e. g. those of the penultimate pair almost twice as long as the cephalothorax is broad ; the meropodites that bear no tooth at the distal end, are 3-times and the pro- podites a little more than twice as long as broad ; the terminal joints finally are a little longer than the propo- dites. The compressed dactylopodites are straight, only slightly arcuate at the horny tips and stout; their edges are armed each with 6 or 7 spinules. The meropodites are marked on their outer surface with transverse rugo- sities, except those of the last pair that are only finely punctate. Six or seven spinules are observed along the posterior margin of the propodites. These legs carry on their margins, especially of the three terminal joints, ex- tremely short, setose hairs.
Notes from the Leydeii Museum, Vol. XA.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 119
The specimen from Mount Kenepai, that I described above as a new species, Potamon kenepai^ is closely allied, but seems to belong to a different species. The cephalo- thorax, indeed, is slightly longer in proportion to its breadth, less expanded laterally at the level of the anterior branchial region and less narrowed posteriorly. There exists a rudi- mentary epibranchial tooth. The epigastric lobes are more prominent and the front is a little less broad. The median lobe of the posterior margin of the epistorae is less pro- minent, broadly rounded. The distance, finally, between the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity of the male and the posterior margin of the buccal frame is distinctly shorter than the distance between the anterior extremity of the ischial line on the outer foot-jaws and the external margin of the ischium. The fingers of the larger chela appear very finely granular under a lens, in Pot. hender- sonianum, however, this minute granulation is scarcely perceptible.
Potamon {Geothelphusa) montanum Burger, from the island of Luzon, a male type-specimen from the Göttingen Mu- seum is lying before me, is a different species. The cepha- lothorax is not enlarged posteriorly, so that the postero- lateral margins are not concave , as is the case in the Borneo-species. The oblique wrinkles on the lateral mar- gins are shorter, less distinct and the oblique, lateral por- tions of the cervical groove are almost completely wanting.
The extra-orbital angle is less prominent. The free- border of the front has a different shape and the posterior margin of the epistome is much deeper notched on each side of the median process. The orbits are higher in proportion to their breadth , and have a different form ; the male abdomen has also another form, sternum and abdomen are much more coarsely punctate. The ambulatory legs finally are more slender than those of Pot. hendersonianum.
Burger is quite wrong when he describes the cephalo- thorax as being not punctate: the punctulations, on the contrary, are quite distinct.
Notes from tlie Leytlen Museum , Vol. XXI.
120 CRUSTACEANS 01' THE
Fotamon (Geotlielphusa) Kuhli de Man, from Java, is still more closely allied. Two adult males and two young females from Tjibodas, described in my paper on the Crus- tacea collected by Prof Max Weber in the Indian Archi- pelago, are lying before me. In the Java-species one observes, a little behind the outer angle of the orbits, a distinct epibranchial notch and the distance be- tween the outer angles of the orbits is a little shorter in proportion to the width of the carapace, so that the latter appears less broad anteriorly than in Pot. hendersonianum. The lateral margins of the front that is more profoundly emarginate, are a little more oblique and the external portions of the supra-orbital margin that runs transversely outward in Pot. hendersonianum are direc- ted somewhat obliquely forward in the Java-spe- cies; in the latter the outer angle of the orbits is much less prominent. In a front view of the cephalothorax the gastric region appears transversely a little more con- vex in the Borneo- than in the Java-species; the front appears in that view higher in Pot. hendersonianum and the two halves of the free border are arcuate in the Borneo species, but almost straight in Kuhli (vide de Man, in: Max Weber, Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Niederlandisch Ost-Indien, T. IT, 1892, PI. XV, fig. 3a).
The interspace between the inner angle of the inferior orbital margin and the front is broader in the Java spe- cies than in the other. The merus-joint of the outer foot- jaws has a somewhat different form and in Pot. Kuhli the ischial line reaches to the anterior margin of the ischium. The male abdomen presents not exactly the same form. The dactylus of the larger chela of the male is more strongly arcuate in Pot. hendersonianum ; the ambulatory legs have about the same shape in both species, but the dactylopodites are different. In Pot. Kuhli they are narrower, more slender and bear in this species a smaller number of spines on their posterior margin, so e. g. on the penultimate pair only three, but five in the other species.
Note.» from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEOEXPEDITION.
121
Measurements in millim. :
^ cT
Greatest width of the eephalothorax 17| 12
Length „ „ 13| 9|
Distance between the external orbital angles . . 12| 9.V
Breadth of the free border of the front . . . o^V 4^ Distance, in the median line, between the free
border of the front and the epigastric lobes . 1] l.V
Breadth of the posterior margin of the carapace. 8,V C {
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen. 2^ 1^
, « V penultimate segment 2'^ 2
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment. 2| if
» ./ „ posterior v » « » 2'| 1;^
Length of the antepenultimate segment .... 2 1 5
Breadth of the posterior margin of this segment. 4.!, 3!
Horizontal length of the larger chela .... 161 8
» » // // fingers 9 4
Height of the palm 8] 4
Horizontal length of the smaller chela .... 114 7|
,/ » » fingers 5^1 3]
Height of the palm 4? 2;^
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair . . 31 22V
» » » meropodites 9', 7',
Breadth. » „ 3 2,V
Length of the propodites 5] 4 J
Breadth « „ „ 2| 1^
Length of the dactylopodites 7 5[
|
^ |
9 |
9 |
|
H |
14 |
111 |
|
5- |
11 |
91 |
|
H |
10^ |
H |
|
H |
4i |
H |
|
r, |
IV |
n |
|
H |
7i |
6^ |
|
H |
||
|
H |
||
|
1,' |
||
|
n |
||
|
4 |
||
|
Tj |
||
|
1] |
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|
31, |
7^' |
6.L |
|
1] |
41 |
3^ |
|
1? |
3 |
2;^ |
|
'^l |
7| |
GV |
|
1. |
4 |
U |
|
1', |
2-^ |
H |
|
13 |
24 |
22 |
|
4! |
71 |
7 |
|
u |
^l |
2| |
|
2| |
4.V |
4| |
|
1 |
M |
If |
|
3 |
6 |
5 |
Potamon {Geothelphusa) Burgerij n. sp.
(Plates 11 and 12, Fig. 14).
One single male, captured on Mount Liang Koeboeng.
This species that I have the pleasure to name after Prof. 0. Burger of Göttingen , author of a paper on Thelphusidae, has a rather thick eephalothorax, for it is a little thicker than half the greatest width. The eepha- lothorax is almost quadrate, little enlarged, the greatest width, anteriorly, being only one and one fourth times as broad as the eephalothorax is long. The upper surface appears, in a lateral view, strongly convex from be- fore backwards, very slightly also from side to side. The semicircular groove, bounding the gastric region posteriorly,
Notes from the Leyden ^Museum, Vol. XXI.
122 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
is shallow, but the oblique lateral portions of the cervical groove are wanting completely. The branchial regions that are undivided, are separated by a shallow transverse groove from the intestinal area, but the cardiac region that is very slightly convex transversely, is confluent both with the adjoining intestinal and branchial regions. The two urogastric areolets are distinct, they are not contiguous and slightly wrinkled. The mesogastric furrow dividing the two little prominent epigastric lobes, is narrow and continued neither on the front nor backwards, so that the gastric region is undivided and, as has already been observed, this region is also confluent with the branchial lobes. The two epigastric lobes are wrinkled above, slightly declivous towards the front, but confluent with the gastric region as well backwards as laterally. The gastric region as well as the branchial one slightly slope downwards towards the orbits, but, except the epibranchial lobes there is no trace of a postfrontal ridge. The scarcely salient outer angles of the orbits, that pro- ject somewhat less forward than the front, are almost as far distant from one another as the cepha- lothorax is long, the distance between them being but very slightly shorter than the length of the cepbalo- thorax. In a front- view of the cephalothorax (Fig. 14^), the orbits show a very slight oblique direction ; they are just as broad as the free border of the front and once and a half as broad as high. They have an oval outline, the finely crenulate lower margin is entire, without a notch near the outer angle and the inner angle is triangular, not at all prominent. The front is very narrow, the free border measuring exactly one third the distance between the extraorbital angles, and the front is about half as high as the free border is broad. When the carapace is looked at from above, the free border appears divided by a median triangular emargination into two ar- cuate lobes (Fig. 14''), but in a front-view (Fig. 14*) the frontal margin appears almost straight. The front is slightly
Notes Irotu the Leytleii ]Museuiu, "V'ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 123
inflected inward in the middle, and the small inflected portion is bounded above by an angular crest (Fig. 14*). The outer angles of the front are rounded, they are almost right, so that the lateral margins of the front are nearly parallel, very little convergent.
The lateral margins of the cephalothorax are S-like cur- ved (Fig. 14). They at first diverge somewhat outward, ascending upwards, so that the cephalothorax appears broad- est anteriorly, along a line dividing the anterior fourth part from the second. This foremost portion of the lateral margin is surmounted by a finely creuulate raised line or ridge and it appears slightly angular at a distance of one millimeter from the extraorbital angle, but there is no trace of an epibranchial tooth. The lateral margins then curve inward and at last again outwards, so that at their posterior extremity, above the legs of the penulti- mate pair, the cephalothorax presents its greatest width (Fig. 14), being here even a little broader than anteriorly. The postero-lateral margins are rounded and marked with oblique raised lines that are continued on the lower sur- face of the cephalothorax ; these lines are altogether want- ing, however, just above the bases of the ambulatory legs. A few short, oblique, finely crenulate raised lines are also seen on the anterior branchial lobe. The upper surface of the cephalothorax is smooth and shining ; exa- mined under an ordinary lens it appears finely punctate, the puncta are more crowded on the posterior branchial and intestinal regions than elsewhere. The front, that is very slightly concave in the middle, appears somewhat un- even near the lateral margins.
A faint groove separates the branchial floor from the subhepatic region on which one observes a few small ru- gosities, and rather prominent oblique rugae are found on the branchiostegite. The epistome is smooth, the median tooth is narrow, prominent and obtuse (Fig. 14*). The outer foot-jaws (Fig. 14^^) are a little punctate , the puncta on the ischium-joint are somewhat larger than those on the
Notes from the Leyden JVluseum, Vol. XXI.
424 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
roerus-joint. The ischial line on the outer foot-jaws runs near the internal margin and is prolonged till near tlie anterior border of this joint; the merus-joint is quadrate, the slightly arcuate outer margin makes an obtuse angle with the much shorter anterior one.
The abdomen (Figs. 14^ and lA'-') resembles that oi Fota- mon horneense^ var, hilaris, being quite narrow and with concave lateral margins. The distance between the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity and the oblique posterior margins of the buccal frame is a little larger than that between the anterior extremity of the ischial line on the outer foot-jaws and its external margin (Fig. 14^). As regards the shape of the abdomen, I refer to the figure and to the measurements. Sternum and abdomen are smooth with rare punctulations.
The right chelipede (Fig. 14/) is much larger than the left. The arm is short, its upper margin without a tooth at the distal end and with short transverse rugosities on its outer surface ; the lower surface is smooth , without a tubercle near the carpal articulation and with rather sharp margius that are beset with acute granules. The carpus is covered with small rugosities and its inner margin shows a row of small acute tubercles; there is a short, acute, slightly compressed spine at the inner angle. The larg*er chela is stout, almost as long as the cephalothorax is broad and the fingers, in contact throughout their length, are just as long as the palm. The palm is very slightly higher than long, a few very small granules, that are not at all prominent, are scattered on the rounded upper mai-gin of the palm, a few also on the very convex outer surface near the carpal articulation and on the rounded lower margin, but the greater part of the outer surface is quite smooth, even not punctate. The fingers are together less high than the palm, so that the lower margin of the index is not placed in the same horizontal line as the arcuate lower margin of the palm. The outer surface of the some- what compressed immobile finger is very slightly convex,
Notes from the Ley den Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 125
but flattened at the base and covered with small, acute, little pi'ominent granules, that are more crowded on the lower margin than on the outer surface. The dactylus is also covered with similar granules, especially above, and under a lens rows of very fine puncta are moreover observed, but the fingers are not grooved. Both fingers carry some small teeth, two of which on the index are somewhat larger than the others. The inner surface of the hand is almost smooth.
The smaller chela measures only two thirds the width of the cephalothorax, the palm is a little less high than long, and the fingers that are slightly longer than the palm, are distinctly grooved longitudinally, each groove presenting a row of puncta. The fingers are more slender than those of the other hand and more feebly toothed.
The ambulatory legs are long and slender, so are e. g. those of the penultimate pair three times as long as the cephalothorax. The meropodites of this pair, just as long as the latter, are three times as long as broad ; the propodites of this pair, half as long as the cephalo- thorax, are 2'/2-times as long as broad in the middle and the dactylopodites are a little longer than the pro- podites.
The dactylopodites are slender, straight and quite narrow, tapering but very slightly towards the extre- mities, so are e. g. those of the penultimate pair about 9- times as long as broad at the base; they are armed with several small spinules along their edges. The posterior margin of the propodites, that are covered with small depressed granules arranged partly in a longitudinal row, carries also 6 or 7 spinules, the anterior margin of the meropodites is quite unarmed, without a tooth at the distal end and their outer surface is covered with a few small rugosities, except those of the last pair that are smooth. For the rest the ambulatory legs are glabrous.
Pot. angnstifrons A. M. E., from Cape York, a type- specimen of which from the Paris Natural History Museum
N^otes from the L.eyd.en. ]Vluseum, "Vol. XXI.
126 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
is lying before me , is a different species. In this form, indeed, there is an epibranchial tooth ; the front is much broader than the orbits and appears more enlarged, with the lateral margins more oblique. The postorbital groove is much deeper and the cephalothorax is much narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, that is not the case in Potainon Burgert. The dactylopodites of the ambulatory legs have about the same form in both species, but they are longi- tudinally ridged above in the Australian species, smooth in Pot. Bilrgeri and the propodites of these legs are some- what more slender in the latter.
The Borneo-collection contains also a female without eggs, unfortunately the locality has not been indicated. This specimen very probably belongs to the same species though it shows a few slight differences (Plate 12, Fig. \^g). In the male, described above, the upper orbital margin runs very slightly backwards, in the female however slightly forwards. The epigastric lobes are ill- defined. The ambulatory legs are a little more slender, as will be seen by comparing the measurements. The chelipedes seem to present only the usual sexual differences. The right chela is somewhat larger than the left; it is less high than that of the male, the granulation extends almost over the whole surface of the palm and the index is very slightly grooved. The smaller chela agrees with that of the male, but the granulation is more distinct. The female has a somewhat larger size than the male.
Measurements of both specimens :
Length of the cephalothorax 10', 111
Distance hetween the external orbital angles 9;| 10 {
Greatest width of the cephalothorax anteriorly 13', 15[
, ,/ // ,. ,/ posteriorly . 13 V 15^
Breadth of the posterior margin of the cephalothorax .... 7 ,' 9
Breadth of the free border of the front. ...'.... 3 [ 3
Height of the front i. e. the distance, in the median line, between
the epigastric lobes and the frontal margin 1] 2
Thickness of the cephalothorax 71- 81
Breadth of the orbits 31 3',
Height . » ,/ ... 2 2
JS^otes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. XX.I.
I
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 127
cf 9
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen 2i
„ „ „ penultimate ./ 2^
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment \\
„ „ N posterior « » » " 2^
Length of the antepenultimate segment 1|
Breadth of the posterior margin of this segment 3^
Horizontal length of the larger chela 12 12
„ „ „ ., fingers 5i| 5^
Height of the hand • 6] 5|
Horizontal length of the smaller hand 9 9|
„ „ fingers 4^ 5|
Height of the smaller hand 3| '6'1
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair 30 34
„ ,/ meropodites of this pair ]0 10|
Breadth « „ „ „ ,, •• 3| 3-^
Length ,, „ propodites » » // 51 6 J
Breadth „ „ „ . „ ,, 2 2
Length of the dactylopodites « * 7 8.^
Potamon {Geothelphusa) bicristatum^ n. sp. (Plate 12, Fig. 15).
Two females , without eggs , were collected by Dr. Biitti- kofer 0Ü Mount Liang-Koeboeng. Both specimens are almost of the same size , the larger one was captured in a forest.
This species presents some affinities to Pot. {Geothelphusa) Dehaani White and Pot. {Geothelphusa) ohtusipes Stimps., both from Japan ; specimens of the former are lying be- fore me.
The cephalothorax is rather much enlarged, the pro- portion between the width and the length being like 7 : 5 ; it presents its greatest breadth along a line dividing the anterior third of the upper surface from the middle. The upper surface appears slightly convex anteriorly, as well from before backwards as transversely, curving regularly downwards towards the front, but it is flattened poste- riorly. The interregional grooves are a s little developed as in Pot. Dehaani. The cervical groove is distinctly
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
128 CRUSTACEANS OF TUK
marked mesially as the usual semicircular groove, but tliere is no trace at all of the lateral portions, the gastric region being confluent with the branchial one. The cardiac region is likewise not defined, the brauchio-cardiac grooves are quite indistinct. The small urogastric areolets that are not contiguous, are only defined by minute puncta, but by no grooves and the depression between the anterior and the posterior branchial region is very faint. The nar- row linear mesogastric furrow is continued on the front and also backwards, almost to the middle of the gastric region but does not bifurcate. The epigastric lobes are faintly marked; they are separated anteriorly by a trans- verse groove from the front and each lobe is bounded posteriorly by a slightly oblique ridge, in front of which one observes a row of fine puncta. These two ridges (Fig. 15") meet together at the mesogastric furrow and they are a little farther distant from the anterior groove than the latter from the free border of the front. In the smaller specimen the two ridges are indistinct, the transverse rows of minute puncta being only developed. On each side of the epigastric lobes one observes a transverse ridge, that runs somewhat obliquely forward and outward ; these two ridges that are characteristic of our species and that are equally distinct in both individuals, so that the specific name is derived from them, are apparently the rudimentary traces of the post-frontal ridge. They reach laterally as far as the eye-peduncles and are nearly straight. The distance between the outer orbital angles that are not at all prominent, measures about two thirds the greatest width of the cephalothorax, the proportion be- tween both being as 5:3. The free border of the front (Figs. 15*^ and 15*) that is straight, not emarginate in the middle, measures one fourth the greatest breadth of the cephalothorax. It makes angles of 135° with the upper margins of the orbits, about as in Pot. Dehaani, so that the shape of the front is nearly the same in both species, the front being distinctly broader above than at the free border.
Notes from the Ley den Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 129
The front is almost vertically deflexed downward, appears very slightly concave in the middle and its height, in the middle, measures one third the breadth of the free bor- der. The front projects a little more forward than the outer angles of the orbits.
The lateral margins of the cephalothorax are regularly arcuate. The antero-lateral margin is raised into an ob- scurely denticulate crest that curves a little inward there where the cephalothorax is broadest. There is even no trace of an epibranchial tooth. The postero-lateral margins that are straight, converge slightly backwards, so that at their posterior extremity , above the base of the legs, the cephalothorax is still almost once and a half as broad as measures the distance between the external orbi- tal angles; the postero-lateral margins are rounded and marked with 8 or 9 short oblique, raised lines. The pos- terior margin of the cephalothorax that is somewhat con- cave in the middle, is just twice as broad as the free border of the front and but little less broad than the distance between the external orbital angles.
The upper surface of the cephalothorax is smooth and shining; examined under a lens one observes everywhere a fine punctation, the puncta are more numerous on the cardiac and posterior branchial regions than anteriorly and are rare on the mesogastric area. Near the antero-lateral margins a few oblique wrinkles are more or less distinct, but a granulation is nowhere observed; on the front and just behind the orbits a few larger puncta are distributed. The free border of the front and the upper margin of the orbits are quite smooth. In a front view of the cephalothorax (Fig. IS'^), the oval orbits appear so me- what oblique; they measure two thirds the breadth of the frontal margin and are about half as high as broad. The regularly arcuate and obscurely crenulate lower margin presents no hiatus near the outer angle and the inner angle is not dentiform, not at all prominent. The eye-peduncles are smooth, punctate.
IS'otes ft'om the Leyden ]Miiseu.m , Vol. XXI.
9
130 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
The median process of the smooth posterior margin of the epistorae is broadly triangular and terminates into the prominent, compressed, median, palatal ridge, visible in a front- view of the cephalothorax ; the lateral ridges are also distinct. A faint transverse groove separates the subhepatic region from the branchial floor, both these re- .gions as also the branchiostegite are nearly smooth, the oblique wrinkles on the postero-lateral margins of the cephalothorax reaching not far on the floor of the bran- chial chamber. The merus-joint of the outer foot-jaws is a little broader than long (Fig. Ih^^); the arcuate outer margin makes an obtuse angle with the shorter straight anterior one. The ischial line runs, a little obliquely, just in the middle of the ischium-joint , but does not reach the anterior margin. The outer foot-jaws are punc- tate, smooth.
The abdomen of the female is also finely punctate, the terminal segment is triangular with obtuse extre- mity. The chelipedes of the female are small, the right is somewhat larger than the left. The arms are short, the upper margin unarmed at the distal end, the lower surface smooth, with no tubercle near the carpus and with entire margins ; the upper margin carries a few oblique wrinkles. The upper surface of the wrist is slightly wrinkled out- wards and near the inner margin, but almost smooth in the middle ] there is a small acute spine at the inner angle. The right chela is a little more than half as long as the carapace is broad , the fingers, in contact with one ano- ther, are slightly longer than the palm that is just as high as long. The palm bears on its outer surface a few small, more or less sharp tubercles, that are somewhat larger at the base of the immobile finger and that are also observed on the two ridges bounding the longitudinal groove on the outer surface of this finger ; the faintly grooved dactylus is also a little tubercular. The immobile finger is armed with eight or nine acute teeth , about of the same form and size, those of the dactylus are
Notes from tlie Leyden M.iiseum, "Vol. X.X1.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 131
smaller. The other chela is smaller, but for the rest agrees with the right.
The ambulatory legs are sleuder and moderately long, so are e. g. those of the penultimate pair a little more than twice as long as the cephalothorax. The meropodites of the penultimate pair are 4-times as long as broad, their upper margin is slightly rugose, but devoid of a tooth at the distal end and their outer surface is nearly smooth. The propodites of this pair are about 3-times as long as broad, they show a few small spines along their posterior margin, but they are also smooth. The terminal joints of the penultimate legs are 6-times as long as broad at the base, slightly longer than the propodites and taper rather regularly towards the slightly arcuate tips; some small spinules are observed along their margins. The three ter- minal joints of the ambulatory legs are also smooth and glabrous.
The cephalothorax is lead-coloured, the legs are lighter and yellowish marmorate.
Fotamon Dehaani may at first sight be distinguished by its less enlarged cephalothorax, that is considerably longer in proportion to its breadth. The antero-lateral margin is more coarsely granulate and one of these gra- nules is sometimes more prominent than the others and then appears as a rudimentary epibranchial tooth, but in other specimens there is no trace of such a granule. The lateral ridges, traces of the postfrontal crest, that are observed in Pot. hicristatum, are quite absent in the Japanese species. The oblique rugosities on the postero- lateral margins are indistinct or quite wanting in Pot. Dehaani. The posterior margin of the cephalothorax is much broader in the Borneo-species than in the other and so still other differences might be enumerated.
Potamon ohtusipes Stiraps. from the Japanese island of Ousima is also different, I think. According to measure- ments of this species published some time ago (de Man, in: Max Weber, Zool. Ergebnisse einer Reise uach Nieder-
Notes froiTi the Leyden ÜMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
13'2 CRUSTACKANS OF THE
Umdisch Ost-Indien, T. Il, 1892, p. 290) the cephalothorax of this species appears also somewhat longer in pro- portion to its breadth than that of Pot. hicristatum., the upper surface is somewhat granular near the antero- lateral margin and probably not ornamented with the ridge-like traces of the post-frontal crest that are charac- teristic of the species of Mount Liang-Koeboeng : no doubt still many other differences exist. Measurements in millim.:
Length of the cephalothorax 12^ 12 J
Greatest width of the cephalothorax J7| 17
Distance hetween the external orbital angles \Q\ lOJ
Breadth of the free border of the front 4| 4|
Height of the front i. e. the distance between the frontal margin
and the epigastric lobes 1^ 1^|-
Breadth of the posterior margin of the carapace 9| 9^
Breadth of the orbits 3 3
Height , . ., 1-1 V\
Horizontal length of the larger chela 9:|
„ „ „ „ fingers 5:j
Height of the palm 4|
Length of the legs of the penultimate pair 30 30
Length of the meropodites of this pair 9^ 9]
Breadth „ „ „ » « » 2| 2|
Length " » propodites « » „ 6 6
Breadth „ „ » „ „ „ If \%
Length » „ dactylopoditesv * « 7| 7
Metopograpsus M. E. Metopograpsus messor Forsk., var. gracilipes de M.
Metopogj'apsus messor Forskal, de Man in : Max Weber, Zool. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Niederl. Ost-Indieu, T. II, 1892, p. 314.
Metopograpsus messor Forskal, var. gracilipes de Man in : Zoolog. Jahrb., herausgegeben von J. Spengel, T. IX, Abth. fur System, p. 75.
One female was collected by Dr. Hallier in 1893 at the isle of Lemoekoetan near Singkawang; it has no eggs and unfortunately has lost the anterior legs.
Notes from tlie Leyden Aluseuua, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 133
I was enabled to compare it with the ova-bearing fe- male from Padang, mentioned in the first of the two papers quoted above. Both specimens closely agree with one an- other and certainly belong to the variety gracilipes, esta- blished by myself in 1891 (Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XIII, p. 49) after a young male from the Pacific Ocean, but the carapace of the female from the isle of Lemoekoetan is somewhat shorter in proportion to the distance between the outer orbital angles. In Dr. Hal- lier's specimen the front is a little less prominent and its anterior margin is straight in the middle, but in the other a median emargination, though quite shallow, is still percep- tible. The ambulatory legs fully agree. The named diffe- rences may, I think, be regarded as individual.
Measurements in mm.: 1 2
Q Q
Distance between the external orbital angles 173 I63
Length of the cephalothorax 11? 121
Breadth of the front 11 lO.V
Length of the propodites in the middle oj . i 51 52
Breadth » « » „ „ „ ^5 "3 « -^ 2 2 '
Length ./ „ dactylopodites ° %^ ^ 41,- 4.I-
N». 1. Female collected by Dr. Hallier, N". 2 that from' Padanff.
Sesarma Say.
Sesarma [Sesarmo) Amphinome^ n. sp.
(Plate 12, Fig. 16).
Five specimens, viz. 2 males and 3 females, were collected by Max Moret, probably at Sintang.
Miss Rathbun has recently proposed (in: Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington, Vol. XI, 1897, pp. 89 and 90) the name of Sesarma for my subgenus Episesarma and that of Holometopus M. E. for my subgenus Sesarma and I think she is in the right.
This new species now belongs to the subgenus Sesarma
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXI.
134 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Rathb. and bears some resemblance to Sesarma angustifrons A. M. E. The male from Tahiti that was referred by my- self, iu 1889, to the latter species (in: Zool. Jahrbücher, Abth. für System. T. IV, p. 432, PI. X, fig. 10), was, upon my demand, kindly sent me by the Direction of the Senckenbergische Gesellschaft at Frankfort on the Main , so that I now am able to indicate the differences.
The 5 specimens of Ses. Amphinome are, 1 think, still young, none of the females carrying eggs and therefore it is a pity that no more specimens were collected.
As regards the general shape of the cep halothorax, the new species closely resembles Ses. angustifrons, the slightly concave lateral margins diverging also somewhat back- wards, so that the cephalothorax is broadest above the legs of the antepenultimate pair. The cephalothorax is , however, a little shorter in proportion to the distance between the external orbital angles and the straight pos- terior margin is comparatively broader than in Ses. an- gustifrons.
In the male from Tahiti the posterior margin is just half as broad as the distance between the outer angles of the orbits and less broad than the front, but iu Ses. Amphi- nome it is considerably broader and distinctly broader than the front. The upper surface is slightly con- vex from before backwards. The interregional grooves are somewhat deeper and more distinct than in the Sesarma from Tahiti ; in the male of Ses. angustifrons the mesogastric region is undivided , but in Ses. Amphinome it is distinctly tripartite. The protogastric regions are covered with some small tubercles anteriorly, immediately behind the post-frontal lobes and the hepatic area is also somewhat tubercular; in the male from Tahiti these small tubercles are not observed. The upper surface of the cepha- lothorax appears finely punctate under a maguifying glass, but the puncta are irregularly distributed. On the tuber- cular anterior half of the protogastric regions, on the hepa- tic area, on the grooves between the three parts of the
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum , Vol. X^^I.
BUTCH BORNEO-KXPEDITION. 135
mesogastric lobe and on the intestinal and posterior bran- chial regions the puncta are very fine, numerous and crowded ; on the rest of the surface the puncta are rare and the transverse anterior branchial lobes, that are situa- ted immediately behind the protogastric regions, are almost smooth, devoid of puncta. The strongly declivous lateral sides of the cephalothorax are covered with numerous obli- que raised lines.
The upper margin of the front is a little more than half as broad as the distance between the extra- orbital angles, the proportion of its breadth to the latter is the same as in Ses. angustifrons. The four post-frontal lobes, placed in a straight transverse line, are separated from one another by rather deep grooves just as in Ses. angustifrons ; they are prominent, though they do not conceal the inferior margin of the front, when the cara- pace is looked at from above. The internal lobes (Fig. 16«) are once and a half, in Ses. angustifrons (Fig. 17) al- most twice as broad as the external ; they are rounded and almost smooth. The front (Figs. 16«and 16*) that is a little concave and vertically deflexed downwards, making a right angle with the upper surface of the cephalothorax , is almost 4- times as broad as high in the middle ; it has a somewhat different form in both species. The lateral mar- gins, indeed, that are parallel with one another in Ses. angustifrons, slightly converge in Ses. Amphinome and the inferior margin is a little arcuate. The latter presents a slight, moderately broad emargination in the middle, in Ses. angustifrons (Fig. 1 7) the median sinus is much deeper; in a front- view of the cephalothorax this median emargination is also visible, in the other species not. On each side of the median sinus one observes on the front a transverse ridge, about as broad as the inner post- frontal lobes and contiguous to the lower margin of the front; these ridges that do not reach the lateral angles of that margin, are quite absent in Ses. angustifrons.
In the middle the front appears somewhat granular. lu
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
136 CRUSTACKANS OF THE
one of the female specimens the lateral grooves dividing the postfrontal lobes from one another are wanting, the internal lobes being coalesceut with the external ones, but this is of course an abnormity. The orbits are large as in Ses. angustifrons and the eye-peduncles project a little more beyond them than in the species from Tahiti.
Both species may at first sight be distinguished by the different shape of the extraorbital tooth. In Ses. Amphinome (Fig. 16«) this tooth is less prominent, less acute and comparatively much smaller than in Ses. angustifrons, its outer margin is more curved iuward and the notch separating it from the epibranchial tooth is larger and deeper. In the species from Ta- hiti only a trace of a second epibranchial tooth is ob- served, but in Ses. Amphinome this second tooth is quite distinct though small and little prominent, and separated from the first by a distinct notch ; both epibranchial teeth project laterally less outwards than the extra-orbital tooth and are obtuse. In Ses. angustifrons the extra-orbital tooth is slightly longer than the epibranchial, but in Ses. Am- phinome the first epibranchial tooth appears distinctly somewhat larger and longer than the extra-orbital; the outer margin of the first epibranchial tooth is slightly arcuate and this tooth is somewhat raised upwards. A few short fine hairs are seen on the postfrontal lobes, on the tubercles of the hepatic area and on the lateral margins of the epibranchial teeth.
As regards the lower surface of the cephalothorax, e. g. the form of the epistome and of the outer maxillipedes, the two species closely resemble one another; in both the merus-joint of the latter is little longer than broad, the proportion being as 6 : 5, it is oval and rounded anteriorly.
The abdomen of the male (Fig. 16<") has also about the same form, but the penultimate segment is a little shorter in proportion to its breadth: in the male of Ses. angustifrons the penultimate segment is 2^/3 mm. long, its posterior margin 5^/- mm. broad.
Notes from the Leyden Mwseum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 137
The chelipedes of the male are almost equal ; they nearly agree with those of Ses. angustifrons. lu both species the inner angle of the wrist is obtuse, without a trace of a tooth and the upper surface is granular. In the larger male the horizontal length of the hand (Fig. IG'^') measures two thirds the width of the cephalothorax. The fingers are regularly tapering and have pointed tips, while those of Ses. angustifrons are slightly excavated at the extremities, but this may perhaps depend upon their young age. The fingers are a little longer than the palm. The convex outer surface of the latter is granular as also its upper margin, that presents no trace of pectinated ridges ; the convex inner surface bears a transverse row of granules, between which and the wrist the surface is somewhat granular, in Ses. angustifrons^ however, one observes a prominent transverse crest with granulated edge. The dactylus is somewhat granular at base, for the rest quite smooth and the immobile finger is also smooth; a few very short fine hairs are distributed on palm and fingers. The ambulatory legs almost closely resemble those of Ses. angustifrons, as is also proved by the measurements. The meropodites e. g. of the penultimate pair are 3-times, the propodites almost 4-times as long as broad and the ter- minal joints are just as long as the propodites. The mero- podites are armed with an acute tooth at the end of their upper margin and show transverse rugosities on their outer surface, while those of the last pair are almost smooth. The dactylopodites (Fig. 16^) are slender, slightly curved towards the pointed extremities; along the posterior margin of these joints and of the propodites two rows of mo- vable spines are observed. Along the anterior and the posterior margin of the three terminal joints, short stiff hairs are distributed, black at their proximal and white at their distal half, but for the rest all these joints are smooth, not tomentose; a few similar hairs are also seen on the margins of the meropodites. One observes these hairs like- wise on the ambulatory legs of 5*^5. angustifrons .1 but the
Notes from tlie Leyden IVIiiseum, "Vol. XXI.
138
CRUSTACEANS OF THE
three terminal joints are moreover more orless tomen- tose along their margins and the dactylopodites and pro-
podites are unarmed, devoid of spines (Fig. 1 7*). Measurements in mm. :
Distance between the external orbital angles . . 10 8^ 10^ 10 9^
Greatest width of the cephalothorax 11 9| 11,V 11| 10',-
Length , „ « 9 7f 91 9 8J
Breadth of the upper margin of the front. . . 5| 4,',- 5 J 5| 5
Height of the front in the middle IV 1^ 1| 1| 1^
Breadth of the posterior margin of the cephalothorax. 6 5^ 7 6j 6^
Length of the terminal segment of the abdomen. I'i 1|
» » » penultimate segment Ij li.
Breadth of the anterior margin of this segment. 2 1|
» ;/ // posterior „ , „ » . S'f 3^
Horizontal length of the chela 7 4^ 6 5^ B',
" " fingers ^ 2f 3| 3' 3i
Height of the hand 3| If 1^ 14 1\
Length of the meropodites _^ C 8 H '''ï 7'
Breadth „ » v C^ c- 2| 2^ 3 2|
Length of the propodites <o S 5i 5', 53^ 5
Breadth, „ , .S J li. IV IV IV
Length of the dactylopodites .... .J •^ 51 5| 5 4J
Breadth » » » «*- S :i » :» 1
o &. "5 Ï T ï
lerseke, May 1899.
List of all the species of Potamon Sav. (inclusive Para- thelphusa H. M. E.) described up to the present time, May 1899 ').
1) This List was published already last year in: Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Nat. di Genova, Ser. 2, Vol. XIX, 1898, p. 435, of course without the Borneo-species described in this paper.
The african species are printed in italics. The three following, a description of which has never appeared as far as I know, are nomina nuda and are not mentioned in the List. These species are Pot. gracilipes White 1847 from the Philippine Islands and furthermore Fot. granidostim Marts, and Pot. Schwein- furthi Marts., two species quoted by Hilgendorf (^Monatsberichte k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 802).
As habitat I have only quoted the locality indicated in the first description of the species.
Notes from tlie Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXI.
I
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 439
Subgenus Potamon s. s. and subg. Geothelphusa Stps.
4. Abbotti Rathbun 1898 Malay Peninsula.
2. africamim A. M. E. 1869 .... Gaboon.
3. Anchietae Cap. 1870 North of Angola.
4. andersonianum W.-Mas. 1871. . . W. Yunan, Upper-Burma.
5. angustifrons A. M. E. 1868 . • . Cape York.
6. artifrons Burg. 1894 Philippine Islands.
7. atkinsonianum W.-Mas. 1871 . . . Darjeeling, Nepal.
8. Aubryi H. M. E. 1853 Gaboon.
9. aurantium Hbst. 1799 East-Indies.
10. austenianiim W.-Mas. 1871 . . . Cherra Punji.
41. Ballayi A. M. E. 1886 Congo.
42. bayonianum Cap. 1864 North of Angola.
» var. a. Cap. 1870 . . South of Angola.
13. Berardi Aud. 1826 Egypt.
14. bicristatum de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
15. bipartitum Hilgd. 1898 German East-Africa.
16. Bottegoi de M. 1898 Country of the Somali.
17. Bürgeri de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
18. callianira de M. 1888 Mergui Archipelago.
49. cariniferum de M. 1888 Mergui Archipelago.
20. celebense de M. 1892 Celebes.
» var. lokaensis de M. 1892 . Celebes.
» var. pareparensis de M. 4892. Celebes.
21. chilense Hell. 1862 Chili.
22. consobrinum de M. 1899 .... West-Borneo.
23. corrugatum Hell. 1868 Madras, Java.
24. crassum A. M. E. 1869 Cape York.
25. crassum Miers 1884 (Report Voyage
of H. M. S. » Alert", 1884, p. 235). Thursday Island.
26. cristatum A. M. E. 1869 .... Habitat unknown.
27. Cumingii (White) Miers (Report Voyage of H. M. S. » Alert", 1884.
p. 236) Philippine Islands.
*28. cunicularis Westw. 1836 .... Western Ghats.
29. Decazel A. M. E. 1886 Franceville, San-Benito.
30. Dehaanii White 1847 Japan.
31. denticulatum H. M. E. 1853 . . . China.
32. depressum Krauss 1843 Natal.
*) The species marked with an asterisk, are those the description of which I have not heen able to consult. There are among the species mentioned in the List several synonymes some of which have been indicated.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XIX I.
140
CRUSTACEANS OF THE
depressum var. Joltnstoni Miers 1885.
33. difformc H. M.E.I 853 = Bvrardi Aud.
34. dubium Cap. 1873 ....
» \ar. Jallae Nob. 1896
35. Edwardsi W.-Mas. 1871. . .
36. emarginalum Kingsl. 1880. .
37. Emini Hilgd. 1892 ....
38. enodis Kingsl. 1880 . . . .
39. fluviatile Latr. 1803 . . . .
40. Goudoti H. M. E. 1853 . . .
41. r/>Y(no6-i<m Koelbel 1884= socotrc ililgd
42. granulatum de M. 1892. .
43. grapsoides White 1847 . . ,
44. Guerini H. M. E. 1853 . . .
45. hendersonianum de M. 1899 ,
46. Hilgendorfi Pfeff. 1889 . . ,
47. hippocastanum Mull. 1887 . .
48. hispidum W.-Mas. 1871. . .
49. hydrodromus Hbst. 1796 . , *50. ibericum (Bieberstein) 1809
51. indicum Latr. 1825 ....
52. inflatum H. M. E. 1853 .
53. infravallatum Hilgd. 1898. . *54. intermedium Czern. 1884 . ,
(According to Ortmann (1897) this species is identical with Pot. ibericum (Bieb.)).
55. Jagori Marts. 1868 Isle of Luzon.
56. japonicum de H. = Dehaani White. Japan. (Confer: Herklots, Symbolae Carcinologicae, 1861, p. 13).
57. kenepai de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
58. Kuhli de M. 1883 Java.
59. laeve W.-Mas. 1871 Cherra Punji, Goalparah.
60. Larnaudii A. M. E. 1869 . . . . Bangkok.
» var. brevimarginata de M. 1892. Sumatra.
61. Leichardti Miers 1884 (Report Voyage of H. M. S. » Alert", 1884, p. 236)
62. Leschenauiti H. M. E. 1837 .
63. levicervix Rathbun 1898 . .
64. limula Hilgd. 1882 ... .
65. longipes A. M. E. 1869. . .
66. loxophthalmum de M. 1892 .
67. lugubre W.-Mas. 1871 . . .
68. macropus Rathbun 1898 . .
Notes from the Leyden JMuseuEn, "Vol. XX.I
Kilima-njaro.
»Red Sea".
Rio Cunene, Mossamedes.
Kazungula.
Yunan, Upper-Burma.
West-Africa ; Port-Natal.
Victoria Nyansa.
Ceylon.
Southern Europe.
Madagascar.
Isle of Socotora.
Java.
Philippine Islands.
Habitat unknown.
West-Borneo.
German East- Africa.
Trincomali.
Upper-Burma.
Tranquebar.
Caucasus.
India.
Port-Natal.
German East-Africa.
West-Australia.
Pondichery.
Loo Choo Islands.
Isle of Salanga.
Poulo Condore.
Borneo.
India.
Liberia.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION.
141
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79 80. 84. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. *90. 91. 92. 93. 94. *95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
100 101, 102, 103 *104. 105,
106
107 108
madagascariense A. M. E. 1872
mahakkamense de M. 1899 . margaritarium A. M. E. 1869 inasonianum Hend. 1893 Melanippe de M. 1899 . raontanura Burg. 1894 . mrogoroeiise Ililgd. 1898 Neumanni Hilgd. 1898 . obesum A. M. E. 1868 . obtusipes Stps. 1858 . . pealianum W.-Mas. 1871 Pelii Herkl. 1861 . . . perlatum H. M. E. 1837 philippinum Marts. 1868 pictum Marts. 1868 . . pilosum Hilgd. 1898 . . planatura A. M. E. 1869 planifrons Burg. 1894 . platycentron Hilgd. 1897 pocockianum Hend. 1893 ReicharcU Hilgd. 1898 . rotundum Q. & G. 1824 rugosum Kingsl. 1880 . senex Fabr. 1798 . . . siamense A. M. E. 1S69 sinuatifrons H. M. E. 1853 socolrense Hilgd. 1883 . soror Zhnt. 1894 . . . subquadratum Gerst. 1856 sumatrense Miers 1880 . suprasulcatum Hilgd. 1898 » var. pseiidoperlata Hilgd.
stoliczkannra W.-Mas. 1871
tenasserimense de M. 1898
transversum Marts. 1868 .
tumidum W.-Mas. 1871 .
WüUerstorfi Hell. 1862. .
sp. Miers 1880 (On a Collection
Crustacea from the Malays
Region)
sp. de M. 1880 (de Man, Expédit
de Sumatra) ....
n. sp.? de M. 1898. .
sp. de M. 1898 . . .
Notes from the Leyden M.ii8e
1898
of lan
Madagascar.
Upp. Mahakkam, Borneo.
St. Thome.
India.
West-Borneo.
Isle of Luzon.
German East-Africa,
German East-Africa.
Zanzibar.
Japan.
Assam.
St. George-del-Mina.
Cape of Good Hope.
Philippine Islands.
Isle of Luzon.
German East-Africa.
Bombay.
Cape York.
East- Africa.
India.
East- Africa.
Ceylon.
East-Indies.
Siam.
Philippine Islands.
Isle of Socotora.
Ceylon.
Manilla.
Sumatra.
German East-Africa.
» » »
Penang. Tenasserim. Cape York. Yunan, Upper-Burma.
Habitat unknown.
Moeara-Laboe, Sumatra.
Burma.
Tenasserim.
una. Vol. XXI.
142 CRUSTACEANS OF THE
Subgenus Perithelphusa de M.
1. borneense Marts. 1808 Borneo.
» » var. hilarisde M. 1899. West-Borneo.
2. Büttikoferi de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
3. silvicola de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
4. sp. de M. 1899 West-Borneo.
Subgenus Parathelphusa H. M. E.
1. Braz-ae A. M. E. 1886 Congo.
2. brevicarinata Hilgd. 1882 Isle of Salanga.
3. Campi Rathbun 1894 Stanley Pool, Congo,
4. Chaperi A. M. E. 1887 Assinie.
5. Chavanesi A. M. E. 1886 .... Franceville.
6. convexa de H. (inedit.) Java.
7. crenulifera W.-Mas. 1876 Pegu Yomah, Burma.
8. dayana W.-Mas. 1871 Burma.
9. Edwardsi W.-Mas. 1876 India.
10. Feae de M. 1898 Burma.
11. maculata de M. 1879 Sumatra.
12. Martensi W.-Mas. 1876 India.
13. nilotica H. M. E. 1837 Nile.
44. Poecilei A. M. E. 1886 Alima Lateké, Congo.
15. salangensis Ortm. 1893 = brevicari- nata Hilgd. 1882 Isle of Salanga.
16. sinensis H. M. E. 1853 China.
17. spinigera (White) W.-Mas. 1871 . . Calcutta.
18. tridens Fabr. 1798 East-Indies.
19. tridentata H. M. E. 1853 .... Indian Archipelago.
EXPLANATION OP THE PLATES.
Plate 5.
Fig. 2. Menippe Ortmanni n. sp., female, x 2; 2a dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace, x 4; 2(5i autenual region and orbit of the left side from before, x 4; 2c outer maxillipede, x 4;; 2c? larger chela, x 2.
Fig. 3. Potamon {Parathelphusa) tridentatum H. M. E., the three ter- minal segments of the largest male from Mount Kenepai, X 2.
Fig. 4. Potamon {Perithelphusa) borneense v. Mart. var. hilaris n., adult male, x .^ ; ^a cephalic region of this specimen from before,
Notes from, the X^eyden. ]Vluseuca, Vol. JXLX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 143
X ;i; éb abdomen and anterior extremity of the sternum of this spe- cimen, X h 4c outer maxillipede, x Ï; 4-d right or larger chela of the same male, X i-
Plate 6.
Fig. 5. Fotamon {Perithelphusa) Biittikoferi n. sp., adult male, X 2 ; 5fl dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace of this specimen, X 2; 56 cephalic region of the same male from before, X 2; 5«: outer foot-jaw, X 2; 5(5? distal half of the abdomen and anterior part of the sternum of the male, X 2 ; 5e larger chela of adult male, X 2.
Fig. 10c?. Poiatnon {Potamo)i) consobrinum n. sp., front of the male from Mount Damoes from above, X 2; lOe the same of the female, x 2.
Plate 7.
Fig. 1. Myomenippe Leguilloui A. M. E., cephalothorax of an adult male, type-specimen from the Paris Natural History Museum, collected by Leguillou in the //Mer des Indes", X <'.
Fig. 6. Fotamon {Perithelphusa) silvicola n. sp., adult male, X |; 6a external maxillipede and anterior part of the sternum of the male x 2 ; 6i larger chela of adult male, X 2.
Fig. 7. Potamon sp., dorsal view of the anterior part of the cepha- lothorax of the male, x 3; 7« abdomen, X 3.
Plate 8.
Fig. 8. Potamon {Potamon) mahakkamense n. sp., dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace of adult female, x ] ; 8a cephalic region of this specimen from before, X ] ; 86 front from above, X 2 ; 8c external maxillipede, x ! ; 8c? larger chela of the same specimen, x ]•
Fig. 9. Potamon {Potamon) sinuatifrons H. M. E., dorsal view of the anterior portion of the carapace of the largest male, 53 mm. broad, type-specimen from the Paris Natural History Museum, X 2; 9a front of this specimen from above, x 2.
Plate 9.
Fig. 96. Potamon {Potamon) sinuatifrons H. M. E., dorsal view of the anterior portion of the cephalothorax of a male, 36 mm. broad, type- specimen from the Paris Natural History Museum, x 2; 9c posterior margin of the epistome of this specimen, X 4-
Fig. lOA. Potamon {Potamon) consobrinum n. sp., dorsal view of the anterior part of the carapace of the male from Mount Damoes, X 2; 10c the same of the female from tbe Upper Sibau river, x 2; 10/ posterior margin of the epistome of the male, lOy of the female, X 2.
Fig. 11. Potamon {Geothelphusa) Melanippe n. sp., female, X 2; 11a dorsal view of the anterior portion of the carapace of this specimen,
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XJlLI.
144 CRUSTACEANS OF THE DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION.
X 3; ll/j cephalic region of the same female from before, x 3; lie external maxillipede of female, x 3; lid abdomen of male, X 3; lie larger chela of male, x 3.
Plate 10.
Fig. 10. Potamon (Potamon) consobrinum n. sp., male from Mount Damoes, x 1\; 10« cephalic region of this specimen, x 2; 10/< outer foot-jaw of male, x 2; 10? abdomen of male, X 2; lOy' left chelipede of female, X 2.
Fig. 12. Potamon (Geothelphuaa) kenepai n. sp., male, X 2; 12a dorsal view of the anterior part of carapace, X 4; 12c anterior extremity of the sternum, x 4; 12d outer foot-jaw, x 4.
Plate 11.
Fig. 126. Potamon {Geothelphusa) kenepai n. sp., cephalothorax from before, x 4; lie larger chela, x 4.
Fig. 13. Potamon {Geothelphusa) hendersonianum n. sp., adult male, X 2j 13a dorsal view of the anterior part of the cephalothorax of the same male, x 4j 136 cephalic region of the same specimen from before, X 4; 13c outer foot-jaw, x 4; l?>d abdomen of male, X 4; 13c anterior part of the sternum of male, X 4j 13/ larger chela of adult male, X 2; 13^ egg, X 2.
Fig. 14. Potamon {Geothelphusa) Bürgeri n. sp., male, X 2; 14fl dorsal view of the anterior portion of carapace, x 4; 146 cephalic region from before, x 4; 14c outer foot-jaw, and anterior extremity of the sternum, X 4; 14fi? abdomen of male, X 2; 14c penultimate segment of abdomen of male, x 4; 14/ larger chela, x 2.
Plate 12.
Fig. 14^. Potamon {Geothelphusa) Bürgeri n. sp., dorsal view of the anterior portion of the carapace of the female without definite locality, x 4.
Fig. 15. Potamon {Geothelphusa) hicristatum n. sp., female, X 2; Iha dorsal view of the anterior portion of the carapace, X 4; 156 cephalo- thorax from before, x 4; 15c external maxillipede, X 4; 15c? larger hand of female, x 4.
Fig. 16. Sesarma {Sesarma) Amphinome n. sp., male, X 2; 16a dorsal view of the anterior portion of the cephalothorax of male, x 4; 166 cephalic region of male, x 4; 16c abdomen of male, x 4; 16(/ chela of male, x 4; 16c two last joints of penultimate pair of legs, x 4.
Fig 17. Sesarma 'Sesarma) angustifrons A. M. E., male from the Fiji Islands, dorsal view of the anterior portion of cephalothorax, x 4; 17fl cephalic region from before, x 4; 176 two terminal joints of penul- timate pair of legs, x 2.
Notes from the Leyclen M-useum, "Vol, XXI.
List of Works published by E. J. BRILL, Leyden.
Archiv (Niederlandisclies) fur Zoölogie, herausgegeben von Prof. Emil Selenka u. fortgesetzt von Prof, C. K. ÏIoffmann. 4871 —82. Baud I— V. 8' f 58.—
SuppleQientband 1. 1881—1882. m.l Karte und 23 Taf. ƒ20.—
(Eiitlialteud die zoologischen Ers^ebnisse der iu den Jahreii 1878 un(i2,79 mit Sclioiier "Willem Barents" unternommenen arklischen Fahrteu).
BlaauW (F. E.)» ^ Monograph of the Cranes. Large folio. 1897. With coloured plates, put on stone by Keulemans from original watercolour sketches drawn from life by Leutemann and Keule- mans : fib.—
Bouwstoffen voor eene fauna van Nederland, onder medewerking van onderscheidene geleerden en beoefenaars der dierkunde, bijeen- verz. door J. A. Herklots. 3 dln. 1851—66. 8° /IS.TO
Max Weber, Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Eeise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Band I— III. Band IV, Heft 1 f 84.—
Museuin d'histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Eevue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans eet établissement, par H. Schle- GEL. vol. I— VIII. 8° f33.25
F. A. Jentink, Table alphabétique. 1881 ƒ4.—
Vol. IX : Catalogue ostéologique des Mammifères. ƒ9.50
Vol X, 2e partie: Catalogue ostéologique des Poissons,
Reptiles et Amphibies par Tii. W. van Lidth de Jeude 1898. 8°. ƒ 1 .75 Vol. XI : Catalogue sj^stématique des Mammifères (Sin- ges, Carnivores, Ruminants, Pachydermes, Sirenes et Cétacés) , ƒ 3.50
Vol. XII : Catalogue systématique des Mammifères
(Rongeurs, Insectivores, Cheiroptères, Edentéset Marsupiaux). ƒ4.50
Vol. XIII: Catalogue systématique des Mollusques, Ie
partie par R. Horst et M. M. Schepman. 1894. 8° ƒ 2.75
. Vol. XIV : Catalogue systématique de la collection d'oi-
seaux de feu Mr. J. P. van Wickevoort Crommelin, par P. A. Jentink. 1894. 8° ƒ1.50
Notes from the Leyden Museum, ed. by H. Schlegel a. F. A. Jen- tink. Vol. I-VIII. 1879—86. 8° per vol. ƒ 5.—
Vol. IX— XX. 1887—98. 8° per vol. f 7.50
Piaget (Dr. E.)» Les Pédiculines. Essai monographique, 2 vol. 1880. vol. I : texte , vol. II : planches, gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ 60.—
Supplément. 1885. gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ 18.—
Schlegel (H.), Monographic des Singes. 1876. 8°. ƒ 4.75
Oiseaux des Indes Néerl., décrits et fig. (ƒ34,80) gr. in-4'^. ƒ 25.—
Snellen (P. C. T.)» ^^ vlinders van Nederland , Microlepidoptera, systematisch beschreven. 2 dln. 1882. gr. 8°. Met 14 pi. . ƒ15.—
PRINTED BY E. J- BRILL, LEYDEN.
NOTES
FROM THE
LEYDEN MUSEUM
EDITED
BY
Dr. F. A. JENTINK,
Director of the Museum.
VOL.. XXI,
No. IV. October 1899.
E E. J. BRILL
PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS
LEYDEN.
Published March 1900.
LIST OF CONTENTS. Part IV. — 1899.
Page Note VII. Zoological results of the Dutch Scientific Expedition to Central
Borneo. — The Birds. By Dr. J. Büttikofer. Plates 13—15 145.
Index 277.
Titlepage and Contents I — VI.
BIRDS OF THE DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 145
NOTE VII.
ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE DUTCH SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TO CENTRAL BORNEO.
THE BIRDS
Dr. J. BUTTIKOFER.
(Plates 13—15).
When writing my introduction to Dr. Jentink's treatise on the Mammals collected during my sojourn in Borneo (N. L. M. XIX (1897), pp. 1—26), I bad no idea that the publication of the present paper, which at that time was nearly ready for the press, would have to undergo such a long delay. But the duties of my new position as Director of the Zoological Garden at Rotterdam absorbed so much of my time that I could not think much about finishing my manuscript. And even now I am, for want of time, unable to do what I originally had proposed myself to do, i. e. to give a critical review of the birds of Borneo, but must content myself with an enumeration of the spe- cies obtained by myself and my companions, especially by my assistant Mr. Max Moret, who, after my return to Europe, made a small collection of birds in the surround- ings of Pontianak near the west coast, and of Dr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis ^), who, from May 1896 to May 1897 and
1) See my above-mentioned introduclion, p. 25, and a paper from the hand of Dr. Jentink's on the Mammals collected on this second expedition by Dr. Nieuwenhuis (N. L. M. XX (1898), p. 113).
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
10
146 BIRDS OF THE
from November 1898 to March 1899, made collections of birds on the Upper Kapoeas ') and on the River Mahakkam (East-Borneo) and its tributaries.
Moreover I am indebted to Mr. L. Westeneuk, an oflBcer in the Dutch colonial civil service, at that time » Assistent Resident" at Sanggau, for a small collection of birds preserved in spirits, from the junction of the Sekajam with the Kapoeas River and sent to me after my return to Leyden.
In my above-mentioned introduction ^) I have plainly sketched the oro- and hydrographical conditions of the country as well as its climate and vegetation, factors which are of great influence upon the oro is of the explored ter- ritory, so that I hardly need to add any more particulars to it.
At the same place I called attention to the lack of water-birds in my collection, due to my neglecting to spend some time in the coast-region, and the small collection made by Mr. Moret at Pontianak has not added an impor- tant number of species of water-birds.
The bird-collections made by Dr. Nieuwenhuis, also enumerated in the present paper 3), contain among the 815
1) The letters *oe" in Dutch geographical names ought to be pronounced as »uli".
2) Since the publication of this introduction, in which I enumerated (p. 1) the publications on various parts of the zoological collections of our expedi- tion, the following papers on this subject have been published in the Notes from the Leyden Museum:
M. M. Schepman, description of a new Ü7iio from Borneo. Vol. XX, p.
92 (pi. 1). Dr. O. Finsch, on the specific distinction of the Ground-Cuckoos of Borneo
and Sumatra. Vol. XX, pp. 93—96. Dr. F. A. J ent ink, the Mammals, collected by Dr. Nieuwenhuis on his
second expedition to Borneo. Vol. XX, pp. 113 — 125 (pi. 2). Dr. J. G. de Man, Crustaceans of the Dutch Borneo-Expedition, part I.
Macroura. Vol. XX, pp. 137—161 (plates 6, 7 and 8); — id., part II.
Brachyura. Vol. XXI, pp. 53 — 144 (plates 5—12). Dr. R. Horst, on the variability of characters in Pericbaetidae. Vol. XX,
p. 206.
3) These important collections, as well as mine, have kindly been presented to the Leyden Museum by the /-Maatschappij ter bevordering van het natuur- kundig onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloniën."
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
I
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 147
specimens, representing 165 species, only 26 species which were not stated by myself from the western side of the watershed, and none were obtained which most likely would not occur in the Kapoeas-basin as well.
With such a great number of species, this collection is quite sufficient to state that east from the watershed the ornis does not show any essential difference from that of the Kapoeas-region. It may now, as I already suggested in my introduction to the enumeration of the mammals, be considered as a matter of fact that the homogenity of the ornis of Borneo is extremely great throughout the vast island, especially as far as the lowland up to an altitude of 1000 meter is concerned.
The region of the Upper Kapoeas having previously been entirely unexplored; I expected to obtain a number of new species, especially in the mountain-forests, but although I worked very hard in collecting as many interesting species as possible, paying special attention to the smaller and more unobvious forms, there is not a single really new form among the 269 species collected, and only two species {Harpactes orrhopliaeus and Cyano- derma poliogaster)^ already known from other islands or from the Continent, were obtained which had not been recorded before from Borneo.
These facts are pleading very strongly for the perse- verance and the great success with which the Kina Balu and the mountainous interior of Sarawak have been explo- red by energetic naturalists as Whitehead, Everett and Hose, who added so many new species, especially mountain forms, that we were not able to enrich this great number with a single new species.
The specimens treated of in the present paper, have been collected in the following localities and on the following dates ').
1) As to the geographical position of these localities see the map in the above-mentioned introduction.
Notes from tlie Leyden JVIiaseum, Vol. XXI.
148 DIRDS OF THE
A. COLLECTION BÜTTIKOFER.
Poetoes üibau No» 1 — 11 (November 29^1' — December
1st 1893). üniitau Nos 12—131 (December Gth— 17th 1893). Koenia Manoeal (foot of Mount Keuepai) N»» 132—854
(December 21st 1893— January 12th 1894). Mount Kcnepai (Station 550 meter above the level
of the sea) No^ 355 — 616 (January 14th — February
1st 1894). liinial River (near Nauga Raoeu, Maudai Valley) N°s
617—629 (March 7th— 12th 1894). Mount Liang Hocbocng (780 — 1135 meter above the
level of the sea) N^s 630—1176 (March 13th_May
3rd 1894). Wanga Raoen (a Dyak village in the Maudai Valley)
No9 1177—1325 (May 8th— 22n'i 1894). Poelau (on the Sibau River, a northern tributary of
the Upper Kapoeas) N"» 1326—1500 (May 31st_July
9th 1894).
B. COLLECTION MORET.
Pontianak (near the west-coast) N»» 1501 — 1574 (Dec. 7th 1894— Febr. 18th 1895).
C. COLLECTION WESTENENK.
Sanggau (at the junction of the Sekajam with the Kapoeas River) No» 1601 — 1702, all in spirits (second half of 1894).
D. COLLECTION SCHAEDLER.
A collection of 26 specimens (N^s 1701 — 1726) made by Mr. Schadler, a friend of Mr. Moret, at Pontianak during the winter 1895 — 96, also enumerated in the pre- sent paper.
E. COLLECTION N1EÜWENHUIS.
(This collection was made with the aid of his assistant F. Freiherr von Berchtold).
Notes from the Leyden IMuseunn, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 149
Poetoes Sibaii N"s 1 — 25 (May 16tt— June 9^^ 1896).
Long Bloc River (a southern tributary of the Upper Mahakkam) Nos 26—81 (September 10th— October 26th 1896); Nos 94—98 (November 12th_23'-d 1896); Nos 121 — 127 (December 10th_-20th 1896); N^b 138 — 145 (January 26th_May 10th 1897).
Briiny River (a southern tributary of the Long Bloe Eiver) Nos 99—116 (November 27th_December 16th 1896); Nos 128 — 137 (Jauuary 16th — 25th 1897).
Lower Iflahakkain River Nos 146 — 174 (May 10th— 25th 1897).
This collection vs'as accompanied by a journal from the hand of Mr. von Berchtold, with a number of interesting field-notes which are made use of in the present paper, with the exception of the vernacular names. These latter, as a rule, have not the value ascribed to by several authors, as they very often are untrustworthy and misleading. It happens not seldom that one and the same name is be- stowed upon several species (manau tana ^ ground-bird on all the species of Pitta and some other terrestrial birds) or that quite different names, even in the same places and by the same people, are in use for one and the same species.
A very large and important bird-collection has been made by Dr. Nieuwenhuis on his second voyage on the Upper Mahakkam from November 20th 1898 to March 1st 1899. This collection arrived in the Leyden Museum a week ago and was enregistered in the present paper after this latter was made ready for the press. The collection contains 658 specimens representing 141 species, ten of which had not been represented in our previous collections.
Dr. Nieuwenhuis having meanwhile undertaken a new expedition in East-Borneo, this time more to the north, we may hope that he will be able to continue his col- lecting work in a territory which is zoologically still quite unknown, and that his new collections will strongly increase our knowledge of the ornis of the island, though
Notes from the Leyden MLuseuin, "Vol. XiX-I.
150 BIRDS OF THE
we may not expect many forms not stated already from Central-Borneo.
For conveniances sake I have adopted in the present list, with but a few exceptions, the systematical arrange- ment used by Count Salvadori in his »Catalogo sistematico degli Uccelli di Borneo", published in »Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 1874", which excel- lent work, treating of 392 species, may still be considered the most important publication on this subject ^).
Another review of the birds of Borneo, enumerating 472 species, has been published by Dr. Vorderman under the title: »Liste des Oiseaux de Borneo" in Natuurkundig Tijd- schrift van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol. XLVI, afl. 3 (1887).
A very important review of the birds of Borneo, worked up to date, is A. H. Everett's »List of the Birds of the Bornean Group of Islands" in the Journal of the Straits Branch Royal Asiatict. Society, 1889, pp. 91 — 212, with map 2). This list treats of not less than 570 species, a good number of which however are restricted to the island of Palawan, an island which cannot readily be understood as belonging to the » Bornean group of Islands". Since the issue of this useful publication, very successful explo- rations have been made by Mr. Charles Hose and also by Mr. Everett in the Baram valley and the mountainous interior of Sarawak. Especially in this latter region the work of these indefatigable explorers was crowned with enormous success, especially with regard to the great num- ber of new species discovered in the dense and inaccessable mountain-forests (Mount Penrisen, Mount Kalulong, Mount Mulu, Mount Dulit and other mountains with an eleva- tion of more than 1000 meter above the level of the sea).
As I already pointed to in my above-mentioned intro- duction, I was able to state some of those special moun-
1) This work is quoted in the follovying list under the abbreviated form of ,Salvad. Ucc. Born."
2) Quoted hereafter as «Everett, L. B. Born."
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 151
taiu-forms, such as Calyptomena Hosei, Cyanops monticola, Malacopteron kalulongae, Rhinornyias rujicrissa, Mesolophus {Ruhigula) montis, Hemixus connectens, Staphidia Everetti, Turdinulus exsul and others in the forests of Mount Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, and we may be quite sure now that this special ornis of this more elevated zone of Borneo is quite the same on all the mountains of the island, and that these special forms are represented by closely allied forms on the mountains of Malacca, Sumatra and Java.
Falconldae.
1. MicroJiierax fringillarius.
Falco fringillaris Drap. Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. VI, p. 412, pi. V (1824). Hierax coerulescens Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 3. Microhierax coerulescens Everett, L. B. Born. p. 185.
Three specimens from Smitau, another from the Menda- 1am River (Dr. Nieuweuhuis) and another from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, winter 1898 — 99). — Iris, bill and feet black.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
2. Folioaetus ichthyaetus.
Falco ichthyaetus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 136 (1822). Poliaetus ichthyaetus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 6; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 73; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 183.
Two adult females from the Sibau River. — Iris chrome- yellow, bill leaden blue, cere lemon yellow, inside of mouth pale flesh-color, feet bluish gray.
Hab. South-eastern Asia and the Sunda Islands (Celebes included).
Annotations of Mr. von Berchtold: »Ein gewandter und scheuer Vogel. Sein Gesicht und Gehör sind sehr scharf, der Flug leicht, doch wenn es sein muss, schnell, gewöhn- lich aber langsam. Das schneckenförmige Steigen und das Schweben ohne sichtbare Körperbewegung bietet ein schönes Schauspiel. Den grössten Theil des Tages ruht er aufeinem
Notes from th.e Ley den Aluseum, A^ol. XXI.
152 BIRDS OF THE
grossen Baume in der Niihe des Flussufers, wo er audi die Nacht zubringt, einsam uud ungesellig. Seine Nahrung besteht hauptsachlich aus Fischen. Da am friihen Morgen die Pische sich mehr in der Tiefe auf halten und erst spater an die Oberflache kommen, scheint dieser Vogel die Jagd erst spat zu beginnen und demzufolge lange zu schlafen"*
3. Polioaetus humilis.
Falco humilis Mull. & Schleg. Verb. Nat. Gesch. Zool. Aves, p. 47,
pi. 6 (1839-44). Polioaetus humilis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 6; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 183.
An adult female from Nanga Raoen and two males and a female from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, winter 1898 — 99). — Iris yellowish white, bill horny blue, tip black, feet bluish white.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Celebes.
4. Spilornis baclia.
Falco bacha Daud. Traite d'Orn. H, p. 43 (1800).
Spilornis bacha Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 7; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 71;
Everett, L. B. Born. p. 182. Spilornis pallidus Wald. Ibis 1872, p. 363; Sbarpe, Ibis 1889, p.
72; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 182.
An adult male from Mount Kenepai and another from the Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris orange-yellow, bill blue, cere and bare space on the face chrome-yellow, feet orange-yellow. Wing 14 inches. — Contents of the crop : Locusts, of the stomach : a Snake.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
After having compared our two specimens with those from difierent localities in the Leyden Museum and with the numerous specimens from Java, contained in the Col- lection of Dr. Vorderman, I am unable to recognize Sp. pallidus Walden as a distinct species. Amongst the speci- mens from Java there are some which by no means could be considered to be anything but Sp. pallidus, while this
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. X!X!I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 153
species, according to the opinion of all recent ornithologists, is restricted to Borneo.
5. Baza borneensis.
Baza Jerdoni Salvad. (nee Blyth) Ucc. Born. p. 11; Everett, L. B.
Born, p, 184. Baza iorneetisis Brüggemann, Abb. Nat. Ver. Brem. V" (1878), p.
47 (nom. nucl.); Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 557 (description of the
types). Baza magnirostris Schleg. Ois. Ind. Néerl., Accipitres, p. 75, pi. 28,
fig. 5; id. Mus. P. B. Revne Accipitres, p. 135 (1873).
An adult male from Poelau. — Iris orange-yellow, bill and cere black, lower mandible blue, feet orange-yellow.
Hab, Borneo.
The present specimen as well as that from Borneo, mentioned by Schlegel as B. magnirostris, agree fully with the description given by Sharpe.
6. Haliastur intermedius.
Haliastur intermedius Gnrney, Ibis 1865, p. 28 ; Sharpe, Ibis 1889,
p. 74, Everett, L. B. Born. p. 183. Haliastur indus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 12.
Two adult males from the Sibau River and a female from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, winter 1898 — 99). — Iris in one specimen pale brown, in the other chrome-yellow ; bill pale bluish green, paler at the tip, cere and feet sulphur-yellow.
Hab. South-eastern corner of Asia and the Sunda Islands.
7. Spizaetus alboniger.
Nisaetus alhoniger Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XIV, p. 173 (1845). Spizaetus alboniger Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 14; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 181.
An adult female from Roema Manoeal. — Iris yellow, bill black, feet yellow.
Hab. Malacca, Nias and Borneo.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XX.I.
154 BIRDS OF THE
8. Ninox scutulata.
Strix scutulata Raffl. Trana. Lian. Soc. XIII, p. 280 (1822).
Strix hirsuta Temm. PI. Col. I, pi. 289.
Ninox scutulata Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. II, p. 15G; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 179. Ninox borneensis (Bp.) Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 18.
Male and female from the Upper Mahakkam (Coll. Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 1898).
Hab. South Eastern Asia, from the Himalayas through India and Ceylon eastward to Japan, and southward through Malakka to Sumatra and Borneo.
Bubonidae.
9. Scops lempiji.
Strix lempiji Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 140 (1822). Scops lempiji Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 19; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 79; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 178.
An adult male (brown phase) from Pontianak (Schaedler), and a specimen from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwen- huis, winter 1898 — 99). — Iris brown, bill yellowish white, feet bluish white.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands.
10. Buho orientalis.
Strix orientalis Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 140 (1822).
Bubo sumatranus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 19.
Bubo orientalis Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 76; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 178.
An adult female from Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris dark brown, bill and cere yellow, feet yellow.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo.
11. Syrnium leptogrammicum.
Strix leptogrammica Temm. PI. Col. II, pi. 525 (1831). Ciccaba leptogrammica Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 20. Syrnium leptogrammicum Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 81; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 179.
A nestling from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuin, Vol. X.XI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION, 155
brown, bill pale blue, feet gray. The specimen is in full down of a pale bay color, while the quills and tail-feathers are showing the barred appearance of the adult stage. — Contents of stomach : Spiders (von Berchtold). Hab. Borneo.
12. Phodihis hadius.
Stria; hadia Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 139 (1822).
Phodilus hadius Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 21; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 178.
An adult male from Poetoes Sibau, and a female from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris brown, bill yellowish white, cere rosy white, feet pale flesh-color. — Contents of stomach: remnants of a large nocturnal butterfly (von Berchtold).
Hab. Ceylon, and from the Eastern Himalayas through Burmah and the Malay Peninsula to Nias, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
13. Glaucidium sylvaticum. Plate 13.
Athene sylvatica Bp. Consp. I, p. 40 (Type in Mus. Lugd.), 1850. Glaucidium sylvaticum Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. II, p. 215; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, XIV, p. 174 (1879). Glaucidium horneense Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 549 (Mount Kalulong),
p. 562 (Kina Balu).
An adult male from Mount Liang Koeboeng (780 m. above the level of the sea). — Iris sulphur-yellow, bill and feet greenish yellow.
This rare and interesting species, probably a true mount- ain-form, was until lately only known from the typical speci- men, collected by S. Muller, and two others, collected by Beccari in 1878, all three on the slopes of Mount Singa- lang, Western Sumatra, There is not the least difference to be found between this Bornean specimen and the type, neither in size nor in color, and a comparison of Dr. Sharpe's above quoted description of G. borneensis convinced me
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
i56 BIRDS OF THE
that the birds described under that uew name belong to G. sylvaticum.
Hab. Sumatra aud Borneo.
Psittacidae.
14. Palaeornis longicauda.
Pslttacus lomjicauda Bodd. Tabl. PL EdI. p. 53 (1783), Palaeornis longicauda Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 22; Everett. L. B. Born, p. 177; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 1.
Several males and females, shot out of a great number at Smitau, and a specimen from Pontianak (Moret). — Iris light yellow, bill red, lower mandible brown, feet gray.
Hab. The Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo and Labuau.
15. Loriculus galgulus.
Psiltacus galgidus Linn. Amoeu. Acad. IV, p. 236 (1754). Loriculus galgulus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 26 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 177; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 1.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Sanggau, Roema Manoeal, Mount Liang Koeboeng, Poelau and Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris grayish brown, bill black, feet wax-yellow to grayish brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Nias, Banka and Borneo.
Ti'ogonidae.
16. Harpactes Diardi.
Trogon Diardi Temm. PI. Col. N°. 541 (1832). Pyrotrogon Diardi Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 28.
Harpactes Diardi Everett, L. B. Born. p. 166; Sharpe, Ibia 1890, p. 3.
Seven specimens from the forests of Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng. — Iris red, bare skin round the eye and the angle of the mouth purplish, bill cobalt, ridge, tip and edge of upper mandible black, feet flesh-color.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Notes from the Ley den M.useu.m, "Vol, XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 157
17. Harpactes kasumba.
Troffon kasinnha Raffl. Trans. Lina. Soc. XIII, p. 282 (1822).
Pyrotroffon kasumha Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 29.
Harpactes kasumba Everett, L. B. Born. p. 166; Sharpe, Ibis 1890,
p. 3.
Eight specimens from the Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, one from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam), and a male and two females from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, winter 1898 — 99). — L'is dark grayish brown, naked skin round the eye and round the base of the bill, and the entire bill ultramarine, ridge and tip of the upper mandible black, feet purplish gray. — Contents of stomach: spiders.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. In the Kapoeas region it seems to live in the mountain forests only, while it is mentioned by Sharpe (1. c.) as a lowland-bird.
18. Harpactes Duvaucelii.
Troyon Duvaucelii Temm. PL Col. N°. 291 (1824).
Pyrotrogon Duvaucelii Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 29.
Harpactes Duvaucelii Everett, L. B. Born. p. 166 ; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 3.
A great number of specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, Nanga Kaoen and Poelau, and from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, eyelid purplish, bare skin above cobalt, at the base of the bill indigo, bill black, angle of mouth and bill indigo-blue, culmen and tip of bill black, feet purplish blue.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Billiton and Borneo.
19. Harpactes orrliophaeus.
Pyrotrogon orrhophaeus Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. IV, p. 156(1863). Harpactes orrhophaeus Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XVII, p. 493.
Two adult males from Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris dark brown, bare skin above the eye sea-green, bill sky- blue, culmen and tip black, feet purplish.
Hab. Hitherto only stated from the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, while it is new for the ornis of Borneo.
Notes from the Leyden ]Museiim, Vol. X.X!I.
158 BIRDS OF THE
Capltonidae.
20. Chotorhea chrysopsis.
Megalaema chrysopsis Goffin, Mus. P. B., Buccones, p. 15 (1863);
Everett, L. B. Born. p. 167; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 4. Chotorhea chrysopsis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 32; Shelley, Cat. B. Br.
Mus. XIX. p. 59.
A great number of specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau and the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris reddish brown, bill black (in the female the base of lower mandible greenish horn-color), feet olive-green.
From the above mentioned localities may be seen that this species is found in the plain as well as in the mount- ain forests. Captain Shelley in his above quoted Catalogue allows only subspecific rank to this Bornean representative of C. chrysopogon^ but our bird is so constantly distinct by its smaller size and the bright yellow forehead that it fully merits to be considered a quite distinct species.
Hab. Throughout Borneo.
»Der Ruf des Vogels ist ein kurzes, rasch hinter eiuander ausgestossenes kuko, kuko, kuko".
21. Chotorhea versicolor.
Bucco versicolor Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 284 (1822).
Chotorhea versicolor Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 33.
Chotorea versicolor, var. horneensis W. Bias. Verb. z. b. Ver. Wien,
XXX, p. 25. Megalaema versicolor Everett, L. B. Born. p. 167; Sharpe, Ibis 1890,
p. 4.
A great number of adult specimens from Pontianak, Sauggau, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Poelau and Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet dirty olive-green. — Contents of stomach : rests of the fruits of Urostigma. — A very common forest-bird.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
J^otes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 159
22. Cyanops mystacoplianos.
Bucco mystacoplianos Temm. PI. Col. Ill, N°. 315 (1824). Chotorea mystacophanus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 34, pi. 1. Megalaema mystacophanus Goffin, Mua. P. B. Buccones, p. 18;
Everett, L. B. Born. p. 167. Megalaema mystacophanes Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 4. Cyanops mystacophanes Shelley, Cat. Birds Br. Mus. XIX, p. 72.
Nineteen adult males and thirteen females from Sanggau, Roeraa Mauoeal, Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, Nanga Raoen and Poelau and thirteen from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkara). — Iris dark brown, eyelid olive-green, bill entirely black in the males, black with the base of lower man- dible greenish white in the female; feet dirty olive-green. — Contents of stomach : rests of the fruits of Urostigma.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
The question whether the adult females are similar in color to the adult males or not, has hitherto never satisfac- torily been settled, though the species is very common in the forest-regions of the above mentioned countries.
Goffin (1. c.) considers the adult female to be of the same color as the adult male, but this opinion is solely based upon a specimen collected by Schwaner and mentioned as a female, while there are strong reasons to consider it an adult male.
Salvadori (1. c.) does not share the opinion of Goffin 's, the collections of Doria and Beccari containing not a single specimen in full color (i. e. with golden yellow fore-head) sexed by the collectors as a female.
Shelley (1. c.) on the contrary, says that the adult female does not differ from the adult male, but amongst the numerous specimens enumerated in the Catalogue, there is only a single female (specimen c') mentioned as adult, thus with yellow fore-head, while all the other numerous authentical females are considered to be immature.
The mentioned two » females" in the Leyden- and in British Museum are, in fact, the only specimens in full color which are mentioned to be females, while in littera-
Notes from the Leyden. üMuseiim, Vol. X.XI.
160 BIRDS OF THE
ture the great number of females are all considered to be immature. Besides the registered specimens in the Leyden Museum the one in Goffiu's Catalogue and my own series, I have before me a number of specimens from Sumatra, collected by Vorderman, Klaesi and Hagen, and all the specimens marked as males have the fore-head more or less golden yellow while this is not the case in any of those marked as females.
After thoroughly considering these heavily weighing facts I come to the conclusion that the adult female of this species may constantly be distinguished from the adult males by the following characters : Chin yellowish greeu (not red), shading off into the blue throat, basal part of the moustachial streak blue (not yellow), fore-head green, somewhat shaded with blue (not golden yellow), extreme base of fore-head tinged with yellow, hinder part of the superciliary streak blue (not black), the occipital patch duller red and less extended than in the male, base of lower mandible whitish instead of black, size alike in both sexes. Immature birds may be recognized by the less . overlapping edge of the basal part of the upper mandible. Yonng birds of both sexes are much like the adult females, but have the chin tinged with olive-gray, and the blue on throat, angle of mouth, under the eye and on the hind part of the superciliary streak is more or less absent, while the red occipital patch is more or less wanting.
In the nearly adult male the green chin is intermixed with red feathers and the red patch on the sides of the throat begins to show very early in males and females.
23. Cyanops Henricii.
Bucco Henricii Temm. PL Col. Ill, N". 524 (1831). Megaluema Henriet Sbarpe, Ibis 1879, p. 239; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 168.
A probably immature male from Nanga Raoen, and three females from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris brown, bill black, feet dirty olive-green. The specimen
Notes iroiTi the Leyden DMuseum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 161
from Nanga Raoen wants the blue crown-patch and the red collar on the hind neck, while the yellow on the front is not so deep as in adult birds and not extending over the sides of the crown ; the blue color on the throat is paler and less extended, and the red patches on the sides ot the throat are smaller. The whole bird is much smaller than the adult and even smaller than the young specimens from Sumatra, and the bill much shorter, the culmen measuring only two cm. instead of 2,5. Having no adult male from Borneo to compare with, I dare not say that the Bornean specimens as a rale have the bill shorter than those from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
24. Cyanops monticola.
Cyanops monticola Sharpe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1888, p. 424; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 168; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 5.
Two males and a female from Mount Liang Koeboenoj. — Iris reddish brown, bill in male entirely black, in the female the upper mandible only black, lower mandible green, feet green. The males agree fully with Dr. Sharpe's description, the female differs from the male in having the lower man- dible green (two females from Mr. Hose's collection agree exactly with mine).
Hab. Mountain-regions of Borneo (Kina Balu, Mt Dulit, Liang Koeboeng).
25. Mesohucco Duvauceli.
Bucco Duvauceli Less. Traite d'Orn. p, 164 (1831).
Xantholaema Duvauceli Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 38; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 168; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 5. Mesohucco Duvauceli Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 281.
A great number of specimens from Roema Mauoeal, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau and Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet yellowish green.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Notes from the Leyden Miuseuna, ^^ol. XXI.
11
162 BIRDS OF THE
26. Mesobucco eximius.
Mesohucco eximius Sharpe, Ibis 1892, pp. 324 and 441, pi. XI; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 414.
An adult male from Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet yellowish green.
H a b. Mountain-regions of Borneo, wliere it has hitherto only been recorded from several mountains of Sarawak; it seems to be exceedingly a mountain-form.
27. Calorhamphus fuliginosus.
Micropogon fuliginosus lemm. PI. Col. Ill, livr. 83 (1830). Calorhamphus fuliginosus Goff. Mus. P.-B. Buccones, p. 73 (part.);
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 39; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 168; Sharpe,
Ibis 1890, p. 6.
A great number of specimens from Roema Manoeal, one from Mount Liang Koeboeng one from Nanga Raoen and one from Long Bloe. — Iris brown, bill of the males grayish black, of the females flesh-color, feet coral-red.
This species is usually found in great flocks, feeding on fruits in high forest trees.
H a b. Borneo generally, representing there C. Hayi from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
Picidae.
28. Jyngipicus auritus.
Tripsurus auritus Eyt. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. XVI, p. 229(1845). Jyngipicus auritus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 154; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 6.
Three specimens from Pontianak. — Iris red, bill black, feet grayish green.
Hab. From Cochin China down through Siam and the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, .lava and Borneo.
29. Chrysocolaptes validus.
Picus validus Temm. PI. Col. 378 /, 402 , (1825). Xylolepes validus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 48; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 154; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 6.
Notes from the Lieyden ÜMnseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 163
A male and a female from Poetoes Sibau and Mount Liang Koeboeng, and three males and two females from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, winter 1898 — 99).
Iris of the male reddish brown, upper mandible brown, lower mandible yellow, feet grayish green, of the female iris ochraceous, upper mandible gray, lower mandible whitish, feet gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands.
30. Hemicercus sordidus.
Dendropicits sordidus Eyt. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. XVI, p. 229 (1845). Hemicercus concretus Bp. Consp. I, p. 129; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 47. Hemicercus sordidus Balvad. Ucc. Born. p. 46; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 155; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 7.
Five specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Poetoes Sibau (Nieuwenhuis) and Poelau, and three spe- cimens from the Upper Mahakkam.
Iris reddish brown, bare space round the eye ashy gray, bill black, feet dark gray. — Contents of stomach : small white ants,
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo, where it is generally distributed.
A probably not quite adult male from Smitau has the feathers of the flanks conspicuously tipped with fulvous.
31. Lepocestes porphyromelas.
Pious porphyromelas Boie, Briefe geschr. aus Ostind. p. 143 (1832). Lepocestes porphyromelas Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 48; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 155; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 7.
A male and three females from Mount Kenepai, a female from Mount Liang Koeboeng, and a male from the Mahak- kam River. — Iris blood-red, bill yellow, feet dark gray.
Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found throughout the island,
32. Gecinus puniceiis.
Picus puniceus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 176 (1822). Notes from the Ley den MLuseum, "\'ol. XXI.
164 BIRDS OF THE
Callolophus pnniceus Salvad. Ucc. Bovn. p. 49,
Gecinns puniceus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 156; Shiupe, Ibis 1890, p. 7.
A large series of specimens from Pontianak, Sanggau, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen, Mount Liang Koeboeng and Poelau, and four specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris blood-red, bare space round the eye sky-blue, bill yellow, ridge and tip black, feet yellowish green. — Contents of stomach: small tree-ants.
Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Nias, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
33. Chrysophlegma Humii.
Callolophus mentalis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 49.
Chrysophlegma humii Hargitt, Ihh 1889, p. 231 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. \hh\ Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 7.
Eight specimens from Pontianak, Nanga Raoen, and Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris reddish brown, bare space round the eye and angle of mouth green, bill black, lower mandible lead-color, feet green.
It is a rather peculiar fact that amongst the eight spe- cimens collected there is only one male, and that this specimen has chin and malar stripe as strongly tinged with rufous as the female.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
34. Chrysophlegma 7nalaccense.
Picus malaccensis Lath. Ind. Orn. I, p. 241 (1790). Callolophus malaccensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 50. Chrysophlegma malaccense Everett, L. B. Born. p. 155; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 7.
Numerous specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Mount Liang Koeboeng and Poelau (Sibau valley). — Iris blood- red, bill black, lower mandible pale horn-color, feet grayish green.
Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Banka and Borneo, where it is common throughout the island.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
I
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 165
35. Hemilophus pulverulentus.
Picus 'pulverulentus Temm. PI. Col. 389 d' (1826).
Alophonerpes pulverulentus Salviid. Ucc. Born. p. 51 ; Sharpe, Ibis
1890, p. 8. Mullerlpicus pulverulentus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 156. Hemilophus pulcerulenlus Swains. Classif. B. II, p. 309; Hargitt, Cat.
B. Br. Mus. XVIir, p. 494.
A male and two females from Poutianak, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, and two from the Mahakkam River. — Iris dark brown, bill whitish horn-color, culmen black, feet bluish gray.
Hab. South-eastern Asia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra ^), Java and Borneo.
36. Gauropicoidês Rafflesii.
Picus Rafflesii Vig. liaffl. Mem., App. p. 669 (1831). Gauropicoidês Rajfflesii Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 54; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 157; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 8.
Eight specimens from Pontianak, Mount Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng. — Iris dark brown, bill black, base of lower mandible gray, feet dirty olive-green.
Hab. Malay Peninsula as far as Tenasserim, Sumatra and Borneo.
37. Miglyptes grammithorax.
Miglyptes tristis (nee Horsf.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 56.
Phaiopicus grammithorax Malh. Picidae, II, p. 12, pi. 48, figs. 4 and 5
(1862). Miglyptes grammithorax Everett, L. B. Born. p. 158; Sharpe, Ibis
1890, p. 8.
Seven specimens (all females!) from Pontianak, Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, and Nanga Raoen, and three specimens from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. —
1) This species is mentioned in Vorderman, Les Oiseaux de Sumatra, p. 3Ü0 (1889), and also in Hargitt's above mentioned Catalogue, but there does not seem to exist any authentical Sumatran specimen in collections.
ISTotes from the Leyden ÜMuseum, Vol. XXI.
16Ü
BIRDS OF THE
Iris dark brown, bill black, feet dirty olive-green, soles ocliraceous.
Hab. Malay Peninsula north to Tenasserim, Nias, Su- matra and throughout Borneo.
38. Miglyptes Tukki.
Picus Tukki Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167.
Miglyptes Tukki Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 57; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 158; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 9.
A male and six females from Mount Liang Koeboeng, Nanga Raoen, and Poelau, and a male and four females from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris reddish brown, bill black, lower mandible greenish horny, feet grayish green, soles ochre.
Hab. Malay Peninsula up to Tenasserim, Nias, Su- matra, throughout Borneo.
39. Micropternus hadiosus.
Meiglyptis hadiosus Temm. Mus. Lugd.; Bp. Consp. I, p. 113(1850).
Micropternus hadiosus Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. p. 9; Salvad. Ucc.
Born. p. 58; Everett, L. B. Born., p. 158; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 9.
Five specimens from Pontianak and Mount Liang Koe- boeng. — Iris reddish brown, bill black, tip and lower mandible whitish, feet grayish brown.
H a b. Throughout Borneo.
40. Sasia abnormis.
Picumnus ahnormis Temm. PI. Col. IV, pi. 371, fig. 3 (1825). Sasia ahnormis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 60; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 154; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 9.
Eight specimens from Smitau, Mount Kenepai, Mount Liang Koeboeng and Poelau, and five specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris blood-red, naked skin round the eye pink, upper mandible black, lower greenish yellow, feet orange-yellow, in a specimen from Smitau minium-red.
The female of this species has the forehead similar in color to the sides of the head, while in the male this part Notes from the Lieyden JMuseuin, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 167
is straw-yellow. An immature specimen (N° 1500 from Poelau) has the lower surface partly greeu instead of cinnamon-brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra and Borneo.
Indieatoriflae.
41. Indicator archipelagicus.
Indicator archipelagicus Temm. PI. Col. pi. 543, Gg. 2 (1832); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 61 ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 169; Sharps, Ibis 1890, p. 9.
An adult male from Poelau. — Iris red, bill black, base of lower mandible flesh-color, feet grayish brown. Hab. Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
Cuculiflae.
42. Chalcococcyx xanthorhynchus.
Cucuhis xanthorhynchus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 179(1822), Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 62; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 172 1); Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 9. Chalcococcyx xanthorhynchus Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus. Vol. XIX,
p. 289.
A male and two females from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 1899).
Hab. South-western part of the Continent through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo and Java and the Andamans.
43. Surniculus luguhris.
Cuculus luguhris Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 175 (1822).
1") Everett, in a note to Chnjsococcyx xanthorhynclim , suggests that Hetero- coccyx neglectus (Schleg.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 61, the type of which is in the Leyden Museum, might he a style of C. xanthorhynchus, for which reason he does not enumerate it in his List as a distinct species. Shelley, in his ahove mentioned catalogue, p. 294, adds it. though with a point of interrogation, to the synonymy of Chalcococcyx iasalis. Dr. Finsch, whom I asked to examine the bird in question, writes me that it is really a good species, allied to Prodotiscus regulus Sund. and that Heterococcyx of Salvadori is a valid genus. Shelley entirely forgot to mention the genus in his Catalogue.
J\ otes from th.v. Leyclen IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
168 BIRDS OF THE
Surniculus luguhris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 63; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 172; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 10.
Three adult specimens from Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen and Liang Koeboeng and eight adult specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish, soles ochre-yellow.
Hab. From India and Ceylon to South China, Southern Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Java (Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XIX, p. 227, mentions Batchian as habitat of this species, but this is undoubtedly an error, this species being represented on that island by S. Musschenbroeki Meyer).
44. Penthoceryx pravatus.
Cucidits pravaia Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 179 (1822). Penlhoceryx pravatus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 63; Sharpe, ibis 1890,
p. 10. Cacomantis pravata Butt. N. L. M. 1887, p. 27. Cuculus Sonneratl Everett, L. B. Born. p. 170; Shelley, Cat. B. Br.
Mus. XIX, p. 262.
An adult male (N" 1002) from Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible horny gray, feet yellowish green.
Hab. South-eastern Asia, Malay Peninsula and Sunda Islands.
This species is mentioned, as quoted above, under the name of Cuculus Sonnerati by Everett aud Shelley. I feel, however, obliged to maintain the generic name Penthoceryx for the two species Sonnerati and pravatus, convinced as I am that these two species cannot be placed in the genus Cuculus proper. This latter is always characterized by more or less pronounced longitudinal shaft-spots on at least some of the tail-feathers, which character is quite peculiar to this genus only, and as it is not found in Cacomantis Sonnerati and C. pravatus, which two species are, moreover, much smaller than the average size of Cuculus, I do not hesitate to place them under the generic name Penthoceryx as proposed by Cabanis and Heine and later on maintained by Salvadori and other ornithologists.
Notes froin the Leyden Museum, ^'ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 169
The genus Pentlwceryx is closely allied to Cacomantis^ but differs from it in having the barrings on the tail, as far as they are present, always placed transversely, i. e. in a right angle to the shaft, while in all the species of Cacomantis the barrings on the tail-feathers, as far as they are present, are placed obliquely, which character it has in common with the square-tailed genus Surniculus.
As to the identity of the species pravatus with Sonnerafi, I cannot agree with the view of Shelley's, and prefer to keep both species separate. P. Sonnerafi is a much larger bird than F. pravatus, its wing measuring 5 inches, while in the Malayan birds (P. pravatus) the largest specimen at hand measures but 4,3 inches.
45. Cacomantis meruUnus.
Cuculua merulinus Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. II, p. 89(1786). Cacomantis vierulinus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 64; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 172; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 10.
An adult and a youug female from Banjok, a Dyak village near the great falls of the Mahakkam River (Dr. Nieu- wenhuis). — Iris pale ochraceous , bill dark gray, feet gray.
Hab. South-eastern Asia through the Malay Peninsula and the whole Malay Archipelago.
46. Hierococcyx fugax.
Cuculus fugax Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 178 (1822). Hierococajx fugax Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 65; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 171; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 10.
An immature male from Mount Kenepai, and three males and two females from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris chestnut encircled with white, bill black, lower mandible at the base, nostrils and eyelid chrome-yellow, feet sulphur- yellow. Males and females quite similar.
Hab. Whole eastern Asia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines.
Notes from, the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
170 BIRDS OF THE
47. Cuculus intermedius.
Cuculus intermedius Vahl, Scriv. of Natuur. Selsk. IV, p. 58 (1797);
Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XIX, p. 252. Cuculus canorinus (Cab. & Heine) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 67. Cuculus strialus (Drap.) Everett, L. B. Born. p. 170.
An adult male from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieu- wenhuis 1898).
H a b. From Eastern and South Eastern Asia through the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea to Australia.
48. Coccystes coromandus.
Cuculus coromandus L, Syst. Nat. I, p. 171 (1766).
Coccystes coromandus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 67; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 173; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 12; Shelley, Cat. B. Br. M. XIX, p. 214.
An adult male (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, Upper Mahakkam, 6 February 1899).
Hab. From India and Ceylon through South-east Asia to the Sunda Islands and the Philippines.
49. Rhhiortha chlorophnea.
Cuculus chlorophaeus Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 288 (1822). Rhinortha chlorophaea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 69; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 173; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 13.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Mount Liang Koeboeug, Poelau, aud the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill and bare space round the eye green, feet gray. The males rusty red, the females gray.
Hab. Prom Southern Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
50. Rhopodytes borneensis.
Melius borneensis Bp. Consp. Volucr. Zygod. p. 5 (1854). Rhopodytes borneensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 72; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 174.
An adult female from Mount Kenepai. — Iris pale blue,
J^otes from tlie Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI,
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 171
bare space round the eye crimson, bill green, feet bluish gray.
H a b. Borneo, from Sarawak to Banjermassing.
51. Rhopodytes sumatranus.
Cuculus sumatranus Raffl. Trans, Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 287 (1822). Rhopodytes sumatranus Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 73; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 174. Poliococcyx sumatranus Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 13.
Eleven specimens from Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Poetoes Sibau, and Banjok on the Mahakkam River. — Iris whitish blue, bare skin round the eye minium-red, bill green, feet bluish gray.
Hab. From Southern Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
52. Phoenicophaes microrhinus.
Phoenicophaeus erylhrognathus Bp. Consp. I, p. 98 (1850). Ramphococcyz erylhrognathus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 74; Everett, L.
B. Born. p. 174. Rhopodytes erythrognathus Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 12. Urococcyx erythrognathus Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XIX, p. 398. Phoenicophaes microrhinus Berlepsch, Novit. Zool. 1895, p. 70.
A great series, collected at Ptoema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, Mount Liang Koeboeng, Poelau, Poetoes Sibau, and on the Upper Mahakkam. — The color of the iris differs much in the different specimens, but this difference must be considered to be absolutely individual, and not due to either sex or age, as, for instance, out of two adult males both obtained on the same place and at the same date, one has the iris bluish white, while in the other it is blood-red. Amongst the specimens collected in Borneo, there are some with the iris pure white, bluish white, orange-yellow, orange-red, fiery red and blood-red. The bill is pea-green (» plantain-green" as I called it in my annotations), lower mandible (with the exeption of the green tip) and the lower corner of the base of the upper
Notes from the Leyden M.usevim, Vol. XXI.
172 BIRDS OF THE
mandible red, inside of mouth and tongue black, naked part round the eye scarlet; feet grayish blue, sometimes tinged with green, soles ochraceous.
Hab, Throughout Borneo, in the plains as well as in the mountain-forests. Count von Berlepsch, in his above quoted paper, was the first who stated the constant diffe- rence of the Bornean specimens from those from Malacca and Sumatra, which hitherto had been united under the specific name of Ramphococcyx erythrognathus. The principal differences consist in the shape of the nostrils, which are oblong in the Bornean specimens while they are circular in the birds from Sumatra and Malacca, and in the length of the red terminal part of the central tail-feathers which is constantly less in Bornean birds than in those from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. The length of wing and tail, said by von Berlepsch to be inferior iu Bornean birds, does not differ constantly in the rich material at hand from Borneo and Sumatra.
Count von Berlepsch, iu his above quoted paper, also mentions the reasons why he re-unites the genera Ram- phococcyx^ Rhinococcyx and Urococcyx, and Dryococcyx with Fhoenicophaes, and I fully agree with the view based upon his arguments. I also confirm the difference in the sex of the present species, which holds well in all the numerous specimens which I have collected and sexed myself during my stay in Borneo, although this is not the case with the three specimens from the Upper Mahakkam, which are probably wrongly sexed by von Berchtold.
53. Zanclostomus javanicus.
Fhoenicophaes jovanicus Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 178(1822). Zanclostomus javanicus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 75; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 175; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 13.
An adult male from Roema Manoeal. — Iris dark brown, bill coral-red, feet gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where it is distributed over the whole island.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDTTION. 173
54. Carpococcyx radiatus.
Calohates radiceus Temm. PI. Col. 538 (1832). Calohates radiatus Temm. Tabl. Méth. p. 53 (1838). Carpococcyx radiatus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 76; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 175; Finsch, N. L. M. XX (1898), p. 98.
Au adult female from Dingey, on the Upper Long Bloe River (Coll. Dr. Nieuweuhuis). — »Iris bluish gray, bill pea-green, naked parts of the face olive-green, feet olive-green. — Contents of the stomach: beetles and other insects" (von Berchtold).
Hab. Borneo, spread over the whole island.
55. Centropus sinensis.
Polophilus sinensis Steph. Gen. Zool. IX, p. 51 (1815). Cenlrococcyx eurycercus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 78; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 175; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 13. Centropus sinensis Shelley, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XIX, p. 343.
Five specimens collected by Dr. Nieuweuhuis on the upper Mahakkam. — Iris carmin, bill and feet black. A young, not yet full-grown specimen does not differ in color from the adult.
This bird is found nesting in rice-fields, and many super- sticious believes are annexed to it (von Berchtold). — Con- tents of the stomach: grasshoppers.
Hab. From British India and Ceylon throughout South- eastern Asia and the Malay Peninsula to the Sunda-Islands and the Southern Philippines.
Bucei'otidae.
56. Anorrhinus galeritus.
Buceros galeritus Temm. PI. Col. 520, p. 78 (1824). Anorrhinus galeritus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 79; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 163; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 16.
An immature male (N° 438) from Mount Kenepai, a nestling (N° 1325), showing the brown color of the breast, from Nanga Raoen, and an adult male from the Upper
Notes from the Leyden ]Mxiseiim, ~Vol. XXI.
174 DIRDS OF THE
Maliakkam. — Iris whitish yellow, in the aestling gray ; bill pea-green, tip rosy, feet greenish gray. In the spe- cimen from the Mahakkam the iris is said to be red.
Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
57. Anthracoceros convexus.
Buceros cnnvexus Teram. PI. Col. II, p. 82, pi. 530 ($) (1832). Hydrocissa convexa Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 80.
Anthracoceros convexus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 162; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 15.
Two males and a female from the Sibau River. — Iris red in the male, brown in the female, naked space round the eye in both sexes white, bill in the male entirely white, casque very large, white, black at the base like the base of the lower mandible, a broad black band along the lower frontal edge of the casque. In the female the casque is much smaller, with vertical frontal edge, which is black, as also the fore-part of the upper and lower man- dible, which latter bears a red patch in front of the black basal part; feet in male and female bluish gray. In a half- grown specimen the iris is gray, the naked parts of face rosy white, bill pale yellowish green, feet bluish gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
58. Anthracoceros malayanus.
Buceros malayanus RafB. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 292 (1822).
Hydrocissa malayana Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 83.
Anthracoceros malayanus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 162; Sharpe, Ibis
1890, p. 16. Hydrocissa nigriroslris ($) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 84; Vorderman,
Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. LI, p. 218 (1891).
An adult male (N° 293) from Roema 'Mauoeal with white, very strongly developed bill and casque, and with strongly developed pure white superciliary stripe ; further a second adult male (N° 1210) from Nanga Raoen, and another N° 134 (Dr. Nieuwenhuis) from Long Bloe (Upper- Mahakkam) with bill and casque white but with ashy gray
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 175
eyebrow; a young, not yet fullgrown female with white bill and casque, which latter is but faintly developed, and ashy gray eyebrow, and moreover what I should call a nearly adult female (the sex is thoroughly stated) with black bill and casque, and hardly any trace of a gray superciliary stripe, and the naked skin round the eye and at the base of the lower mandible dark flesh-color (N° 1392 from Poelau), and an adult female (N° 78) from the Upper Mahakkam, with black bill, well-developed black casque and very distinct gray superciliary stripe. — Iris in adult and young birds of both sexes reddish brown, bill in adult males yellowish white with black basal edge, in the adult female black, in young birds of both sexes white ; feet dark greenish gray.
Salvadori, in his Uccelli di Borneo, followed Blyth and others in separating the black-billed birds as a distinct species, a supposition which is followed by Vorderman in his above quoted contribution to the Ornithology of Sumatra. I cannot agree with this supposition, but yield to the opinion of Schlegel's who, in his Catalogue of the Bucerotes, p. 7, considers the black-billed birds the adult females of Buceros mnlayanus, and the white billed adult birds as the males, while young birds of both sexes should have the bill white. This latter supposition is not in contradiction with the four young birds in the Leydeu Museum, which all have the bill white. Mr. Grant, in his Catalogue of the Bucerotes in the British Museum (Vol. XVII, p. 369) seems not to agree with the opinion of Schlegel's, as he says that the only diiference between male and female is to be found in the color of the superciliary stripe, which should be white in the male and gray in the female. The black bill is considered by him to indicate a transitional stage of immaturity to be found in both sexes, while young birds of both sexes should have white bills. As to the supposi- tion of the black bill being representing a stage of imma- turity, I cannot agree with Mr. Grant, nor can I consider the color of the superciliary stripe as a characteristical of
Notes from the Leyden Miuseum, Vol. XXI.
176 RIRDS OF THE
the sexes in this species. As I have mentioned already, one of my adult white billed males has the superciliary stripe white, while in the other it is gray, and the same is the case with the white-billed specimens of this species in the Leyden Museum, while one of these latter has no superciliary stripe at all. The black-billed specimens in the Leyden Museum have, as a rule, the eyebrow gray, but three specimens, one from the Continent, one from Banka and one from Sumatra (the specimen described by Vorder- man in his above quoted paper) have broad, pure white eyebrows. For this reason I cannot consider the color of the eyebrow a sexual character. Young birds are easily recognized by having the white terminal part of the tail- feathers spotted with black.
Hab. South-eastern part of the Continent, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo.
59, Cranorrhinus corrugatus.
Buceros corrugatus Temm. PL Col. II, pi. 531 [r/] (1832). Buceros gracilis Temm. PI. Col. II, pi. 535 [v] (1832). Cranorrhinus corrugatus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 86; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 163.
An adult male from Poelau and an immature male from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris blood-red, bare skin round the eye sea-green, bare chin and throat Naples-yellow, bill orange-yellow, base of upper mandible and the entire casque blood-red, feet dark grayish green, soles yellowish gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
60. Buceros rhinoceros.
Buceros rhinoceros Linn. Syst. Nat. I, p. 153 (1766); Everett, L. B.
Born, p. 162; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 14. Buceros rhinoceroides Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 87.
Two specimens from Mount Kenepai, one from Mount Liang Koeboeng and a young female from the Upper Mahakiiara (November 1898). — Iris in the male red, in the female white, base of bill and casque black, rest of
Notes from tlie Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 177
lower and tip of upper mandible white, central part of upper mandible and front of casque chrome-yellow, rest of casque and lower basal corner of upper mandible coral-red, feet yellowish green ; the male is moreover characterized by a black line running from the nostril along the lower part of the horn, separating the red from the yellow parts of the casque.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found in the forests of the plains as well as in the higher mountain-regions.
61. Rhinoplax vigil.
Buceros vigil Forst. Ind. Zool. p. 40 (1781). Rhinoplax scutatus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 88.
Rhinoplax vigil Everett, L. B. Born. p. 162; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 15.
Several specimens observed along the high rock-walls above my hunting station on Mount Liang Koeboeng. Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
62. Berenicornis comatus.
Buceros comatus Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 399 (1822). Berenicornis comatus Bp. Consp. I, p. 91.
Anorrhinus comatus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 164; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 16.
An adult female from Bruuy River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris ochraceous, bill and feet dirty gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
»Dieser Vogel lebt nur paarweise. Seine Stimme ist ein lebhaftes, sich oft hinter einander wiederholendes »kukuk", beinahe wie der Ruf des europaischen Kukuks" (v. Berchtold).
Meropiflae.
63. Merops philippinus.
Merops philippinus Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 13, 1, p. 183 (1767) '); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 89; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 164.
1) A supplementary edition to the twelfth, published at Vienna, 1767, Notes from the Leyden IMuseum , Vol. XXI.
12
178 BIRDS OF THE
A female from Pontianak, N° 1517 (Moret) aud another from a plantation at Poetoes Sibau (N° 2). — Iris red, bill black, feet gray. The first specimen differs from the typical habitus in having the feathers on head, hind neck, mantle, lesser wing-coverts and breast broadly bordered with blue, and in having the throat but faintly shaded with chestnut. The plumage in this specimen is rather worn off and the centre tail-feathers are newly moulted.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, the Philippines aud the whole Malay Archipelago.
64. Nyctiornis amicta.
Merops amictus Temm. PI. Col. IV, pi. 310 (1824). Nyctiornis amicta Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 91; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 164; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 18.
Numerous specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, and seven specimens from Long Bloe (upper Mahakkam). — Iris orange-red, bill black, base of lower mandible white, feet green. — Contents of stomach: wild bees.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Alcedinifiae.
65. Alcedo hengalensis.
Alcedo hengalensis Gm. S. N. I, p. 450 (1788); Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 92; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 158; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 18. Alcedo ispida (part.) Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XVII, p. 141.
A small series from Pontianak, Sanggau and Smitau. — Iris black, bill in the male entirely black, in the female black, lower mandible red; feet red.
Hab. South-eastern Asia, Japan, Malay Archipelago.
66. Alcedo meninting.
Alcedo meninting Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 172(1822); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 9.3; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 18.
where this specific name is based upon Brisson's Apiaster pkilippinus major (see also Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. VllI, p. 42).
>fote:s from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 179
Alcedo asiatica Everett, L. B. Born. p. 159.
Six specimens from Pontianak, Poetoes Sibau aiid Nauga Raoen, four specimens from the Upper- and one from the Lower Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black with white tip, inside of mouth orange-red, feet minium-red.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, the Sunda Islands and Celebes.
Field-notes of Mr. von Berchtold: »Ein rascher und scheuer Vogel, der sehr gut taucht und rait grosser schnel- ligkeit einige Meter iiber dem Wasser dahinfliegt. Fast bloss im Fliegen lasst er seine »sih, sih" klingende Stimme horen, bei welcher die Tone schnell auf einander und fast in gleicher Höhe folgen. Wenn er auf Beute lauert, sitzt er unbeweglich auf einem Zweige des überhangenden Ufergebüsches".
67. Alcedo euryzona.
Atcedo eurijzona Temm. PI. Col. text iu livr. 86 (1830); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 95; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 159; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 18.
An adult female from the forests of Mount Liang Koeboeug and another from Long Bloe (Upper Mahak- kam). — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible coral-red, feet coral-red.
Hab, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
68. Pelargopsis leucocepkala.
Alcedo leucocepJwla Gm. S. N. I, p. 456 (1788). Pelargopsis leucocepkala Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 95; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 159; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 19.
Three specimens from Poetoes Sibau (Coll. Nieuwen- huis). — Iris brown, bill and feet red.
Hab. Restricted to Borneo.
Annotations of Mr. von Berchtold: »Ein kluger und scheuer, zanksüchtiger Vogel, der leidlich schwimmt und niedrig uber dem Wasser hinfliegt. Im Auffluge lasst er seine starke, unangenehme Stimme horen, bei welcher die einzelnen Tone schnell hinter einander folgen. Den grössten Theil des Tages sitzt er auf einem guten Aussichtspunkte,
Notes from the Leyden Miuseum , Vol. XXI.
180 BIRDS OF THE
dem Aste eiues niedrigen Uferbaumes, zieht bei drohender Gefahr den Kopf in die Höhe und fliegt pfeilschnell davon. Wahreud er im Flussgebiete des Kapoeas haufig vorkommt, habe ich ihn im Gebiete des Mahakkam nur einmal, und zwar Mitte September 1896 am Bruny-Flusse angetrofFen. Am Koetei-Flusse, unterlialb den Fallen des Mahakkam, habe ich einige Exemplare zu Gesicht bekommen. Doch hier war ihr Betragen ein gauz anderes! Mitte Mai 1897, als ich in der Morgendammerung in einem Boote durch die überschwemmten UferwJilder des Koetei-Flusses hinfuhr, bemerkte ich in den höchsten Baumkronen ein Maunchen, einen starken, pfeifenden und klagenden , Ton ausstossend. Auf diesen Lockruf flog das Weibchen herbei, schien das Mannchen zu necken und flog dann wieder davon. Das Maunchen verfolgte es, setzte sich auf einen andern gros- sen Baum und schrie von Neuem, bis sich das Weibchen abermals naherte. Bei diesem Jagen, das ich einige Tage hinter einander, aber nur am frühen Morgen bemerkt habe, entfernten sich die beiden Exemplare bis auf einige hundert Schritte in den Wald hinein. Nach diesem eigen- thümlichen Benehmen schliesse ich, dass sich die Vogel in der Paarungszeit befanden".
G9. Ceyx Dillwynni.
Ceyx Dillwynni Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 591; Salvad. Ucc. Born, p. 99; Everett, L. B. Boro. p. 160; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 19.
Four specimens from Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau and Poelau and five from the Upper Mahakkam (1898 — 99). — Iris black, bill and feet coral-red ; bill of young specimens black.
Hab. Nias and Borneo.
70, Ceyx euerythra.
Ceyz rufidorsa (nee Strickl.) Everett, L. B. Born. p. 159. Ceyx euerythra Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XVII. p. 179.
Two specimens from Pontianak and Poelau. — Iris dark
brown, bill and feet coral-red.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 181
H ab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and the Southern Philippines.
71. Halcyon coromandus.
Alcedo coromandu Lath. lud. Oru. I, p. 2b2 (1790). Callialcyon coromanda Salvad. Ucc. Boru. p. 101. Halcyon, coromanda Everett, L. B. Born. p. 160; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 20.
An adult male from Pontianak, and another from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam).
Hab. Eastern and south-eastern Asia, Formosa, Philip- pines, Sunda Islands, Celebes and Sanghi *).
72. Ilalci/on pileatus.
Alcedo plleata Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 41 (1783).
Entomohia pileata Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 102.
Halcyon pileata Everett, L. B. Born. p. 160; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 20.
Eight specimens from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill and feet coral-red. — Contents of sto- mach : small insects.
Hab. From India eastward to China, and south-eastward through the Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands to Celebes.
»Am oberen Mahakkam keine seltene Erscheinung" (von Berchtold).
73. Halcyon concretus.
Daceh concreta Temm. PL Col. 346 (1825). Caridagrus concretus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 102.
Halcyon concretus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 161 ; Sharpe, Ibia 1890, p. 21.
An adult female from Mount Kenepai, and two from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill yellow, culmen black, feet yellow.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
1) The birds from Celebes and Sanghi are mentioned as sabspecifically distinct {Halcyon coromanda rufa) by Meyer and Wiglesworth in their recent work on the birds of Celebes, p. 280.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuin, Vol. XXI.
182 BIRDS OF THE
74. Carcineutes melanops.
Halcyon melanops Bp. Consp. I, p. 154 (1850). Lacedo melanops Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 104.
Carcineutes melanops Everett, L. B. Bora. p. 161 ; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 21.
Four specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, Poelau, and from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill minium-red, feet yellowish green. — Con- tents of stomach : small beetles.
Hab. Borneo generally, but nowhere common.
Coracidae.
75. Eurystomus orientalis.
Coracias orientalis Linn, Syst. Nat. I, p. 159 (1766). Eurystomus orientalis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 105; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 165; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 21.
Five specimens from Pontianak, Mount Liang Koeboeng and Nanga Raoen, and one from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill red, with black tip to the upper mandible, feet red.
Hab. Eastern part of British India, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines.
Eurylaemidae.
76. Calyptomena viridis.
Calyptomena viridis Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 295 (1822);
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 106; Everett, L. B. Bom. p. 150; Sharpe,
Ibis 1889, p. 438.
Numerous specimens from Roema Manoeal and the Liang Koeboeng, also from Long Bloe, Upper Mahakkam. — Iris black, bill black, base of lower mandible yellow, feet bluish green, soles ochre. — Contents of stomach: pieces of^the fruits of Urostigma.
Hab. From Teuasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra (with the inclusion of Nias and the Batu Islands), and Borneo.
Notes from tlie Leyden jMuseum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 183
77. Calyptomena Hosei.
Calyptomena Hosei Sharpe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) IX, p. 249, 1892; id. Ibis 1892, p. 438, pi. X; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 404; Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 549.
Numerous specimens, representing both sexes, were obtained in the dense mountain forests of the Liang Koe- boeng range, a female on the eastern foot of the latter, in the valley of the river Siniai, and a young female from Nanga Raoeu, — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet olive green. In the half-grown immature female the blue central streak on breast and abdomen is entirely wanting.
H a b. Borneo (Mountains of Sarawak and Liang Koeboeng, but not found on Mount Kenepai, though this latter is much nearer to Sarawak than the Liang Koeboeng).
78. Eurylaemus javanicus.
Eurylaermis javanicus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 179 (1822); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 107; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 150; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 439.
Five specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng and one from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris bluish white, bill blue, tip and edge black, followed by a green band, feet flesh-color.
H a b. From Tenasserim throughout the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where it is spread over the whole island.
79. Eurylaemus ochromelas.
Eunjlaemus ochromelas RafS. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 297 (1822); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 108; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 150; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 439.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Roema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, Mount Liang Koeboeng, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, and Poelau, also from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). In the male the black cross-band on the breast is complete, while in the female it is interrupted on the centre of the breast. — Iris sulphur-yellow, bill in
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
184 BIRDS OF THE
life cobalt, tip pale green (after death the cobalt-color changes into green and becomes black in dried skins), edge of upper mandible black, lower mandible green, feet pale flesh-color. Hab. From Tenasserim throughout the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, where it is generally distributed.
80. Cymhorhynchus macrorhy7uhus.
Tudus macrurliynchus Gm, Syst. Nat. p. 446 (1788).
Cymhorhynchus macrorhynchus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 109; Biittik.
N. L. M. 1887, p 43; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 151; Sharpe, Ibis
1889, p. 440.
A great number of adult, immature and young speci- mens of both sexes from Pontianak, Poetoes Sibau, Nanga Raoen, the Siniai Valley, and Poelau. — Iris green in adult birds, in younger specimens purplish gray or brown ; bill in adult birds uniform cobalt-blue, in younger speci- mens pale green, edge blue, followed by yellow, in quite young birds pale green with blackish tip, lower mandible with blue edgings, followed by green, and yellow in the centre, in young specimens entirely rosy ; feet purplish blue. Two fledged young birds have breast and abdomen barred with rosy-red and grayish brown, but in the male the throat is blackish, while in the female this part is yellowish white, which color is separated from the barred breast by a dusky blackish broad bar across the chest. The red color on the rump and the white shoulder-coverts are plainly developed, but the black color of the upper surface yields to a brownish tinge and is destitute of any gloss. The white on the inner edge of the outer tail-feathers varies very much in extent and in some specimens is even entirely wanting. This difference seems to me quite individual, and not due to locality, age or sex of the bird (see also my explanations in N. L. M. 1887, p. 43).
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo, where it is spread over the whole island, keeping by prefe- rence to the banks of the rivers.
The collecting list of Mr. von Berchtold contains the
Notes from tlie Ley den M.useuiii , "Vol. XX.1.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 185
following field-notes about the habits, the nest and the eggs of this bird:
»Diese ruhigeu uud wenig scheuen Vogel leben stets paarweise zusammen. Wenn getrennt locken sie sich so lange, bis sie sich wieder zusammengefunden haben. Durch ihre unangenehme, kriichzende Stimme »queck, queck, queck" wird man leicht auf ihr Vorhandensein aufmerksam gemacht. Sie fliegen wellenförmig und nie hoch über dem Flussspiegel von einem Baume zum audern. Das Vogelpaar baut sein ziemlich grosses Nest hangend und in Kugelform, doch sehr unordentlich an herabhangenden Lianen oder an alleinstehenden Baumchen an den üfern der Flüsse. Der Eingang zum Neste ist rait einem Schutzdach versehen. Mitte Marz fand ich am Landack-Flusse ein Nest mit drei leichtschmutzig gelben, etwas röthlich angehauchten und rait unregelmassigen, sepiabrauneu Flecken versehenen Eieru. Desgleichen am Boengan-Flusse ^) ein Nest mit zwei Eiern (16 Juli 1896)".
81. Corydon sumatranus.
Coracias sumatranus Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 303 (1822). Corydon sumatranus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. lil; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 151; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 440.
Three specimens from Mount Liang Koeboeng and Poelau (Sibau River). — Iris coffee-brown, bill and naked space round the eye flesch-color, feet brown.
Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found throughout the island.
Capi'iiuulgldae.
82. Batrachostomus javensis.
Podargus javensis Horst'. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 141 (1822). Podargus cornutus Temm. PI. Col. 159 (1823).
1) Tributary of the Upper Kapoeas.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
186 BIRDS OF THE
Batrachostomus javensis Salvad, Ucc. Born. p. 112; Hartert, Cat. B.
Br. Mu8. XVI, p. 640. Batrachostomus cornutus Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 432, pi. 46; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 165.
A single specimen (red phase), collected on Mount Baloe, at the head of the Sekajam River, at a height of 800 meter by Mr. Westenenk (in spirits). — Iris yellow, bill yellowish horn-color, feet pale flesh-color.
Hab. Sumatra, Bauka, Borneo, where it seems to be generally distributed, and Java.
83. Batrachostomus steUatus.
Podargus stellatus Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 43.
Batracliosto7nus stellatus Gray, Gen. B. I, p. 45; Salvad. ucc. Born.
p. 113; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 165. Podargus parvulus Schleo^. J. f. 0. 1856, p. 460; id. Hand). Dierk.
pp. 224, 481, Atlas pi. II, fig. 15.
A single specimen (N° 199) collected in low jungle at the foot of Mount Kenepai. — Iris orange yellow, bill horny yellow, feet yellowish flesh-color.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo, where it seems to be distributed over the whole island.
84. Batrachostomus auritus.
Batrachostomus auritus (Gray) Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 99; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 165; Hart. Cat. B. Br. M. XVI, p. 687.
An adult male, and a nestling (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 5 January 1899).
The adult bird agrees perfectly with specimens from Sumatra. Wing 275 mm. — Iris light brown in adult and young.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
85. Batrachostomus Harterti.
Batrachostomus Harterti Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 323; Hartert, Cat. Birds Br. Miis. XVI, p. 638, pi. XIV.
An adult female from Mount Liang Koebpeng (890
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 187
meter). — Iris nut-brown, bill brown, yellowish greeu at the base, feet flesh-color. Wing 22 cm. (8,8 inches), tail 16,3 cm. (6,4 inches).
This bird agrees with description and ]p\a,ie of B . Harterti as to the pattern, but is very strongly tinged with ashy and izi this way it differs strongly from the typical specimen as described and figured in the above mentioned catalogue.
Hab. Borneo: Mount Dulit and Liang Koeboeng.
86. Lyncornis Temminckii.
Lyncornis Temminckii Gould, Icon. Av. pt. 2 (1838); Bp. Consp. I, p. 62; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 115; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 153.
One specimen (9) from Roema Manoeal, and another from Long Bloe, Upper Mahakkam. — Iris black, bill and feet brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
87. Caprimulgus macrurus.
Caprimntgiis macrurus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 142 (1822); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 117; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 153; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 22.
Three males from Pontianak. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.
Hab. From the Malay Peninsula through the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea to Australia.
88. Caprimulgus jotaha.
Caprimulgun j'otaka Temm. & Schleg. Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 37, pi. 12 (1847); Hartert, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XVI, p. 522.
A female from Smitau. — Iris and bill black, feet brown.
Hab. Eastern Asia, from Mantchuria through China and Japan to Burmah ; migrating in winter to Malacca and the Sunda Islands.
Cypselidae.
89. Micropus subfurcatus.
Cypselus suhfurcatus BIyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XVIII, p. 807 (1849); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 118.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum , Vol. XXI,
188 BIRDS OF THE
Micropus suhfurcatus Hartert, Cat. B. Br. Miis. XVI, p. 456.
A male specimen froai Pontianak. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet black, tinged with lilac.
Hab. From Cochin China through Malacca to Sumatra and Borneo.
90. CoUocalia fuciphaga.
Hirundo fuciphaga Thunbg. Act. Holm. XXXIII, p. 151, pi. 4 (1772). CoUocalia fuciphaga Salvad. U<;c. Bora. p. 120; Everett, L. B. Born., p. 152; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 23.
A specimen from Pontianak in spirits and a skin from Nanga Raoen, and two specimens from the Upper Mahak- kam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish flesh-color.
Hab. From the Continent through Malacca and the Sunda Islands; rather common throughout Borneo.
91. CoUocalia Linchi.
CoUocalia Linchi Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Com p. I, p. 100 (1854); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 121; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 152; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 23.
Two specimens (No 728 in spirits and N° 874 skin) from Mount Liang Koeboeng and an adult male from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris and bill black, feet brown. N° 874 was caught in a cave of the large grotto which formed my abode on Mount Liang Koeboeng. The nest was stuck to the ceiling of the cave and exists of a filthy mass of black rootlets. The nest is quite flat and without a cup. The egs could not be obtained.
Hab. All over the Sunda Islands, including the Andaraans and Nicobars.
92. Macropteryx longipennis.
Hirundo longipennis Rafin. Bull. Soc. Phil. Ill, p. 153 (1804). Dendrochelidon longipennis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 122; Sharpe, Ibis
1890, p. 24. Macropteryx longipennis Everett, L. B. Born. p. 152.
A number of specimens from Smitau, one from Pontianak
Notes from the Leyden JMuseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITTON. 189
aud one from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris and bill black, feet gray.
H a b. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands.
93. Macropteryx comata.
Cypselus comatus Temm. PI. Col. 268 (1824).
Dendrochelidon comata Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 123; Sharpe, Ibis 1890,
p. 23. Macropteryx comatus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 152.
One specimen from Sanggau, two from the foot of Mount Kenepai, one from the Upper Sibau River and six from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, the Sunda Islands, Timor, Celebes and the Philippines.
94. Chaetura gigantea.
Cypselus giganteus Temm. PI. Col. 364 (1825).
Chaetura gigantea Scl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 608; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 151;
Hartert Cat. B. Br. M. XVI, p. 475. Hirundinapiis giganteus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 124.
An adult male (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 9 January 1899).
This specimen has the whole under surface considerably darker than the type-specimen figured by Temminck and said to be from Java (Bantam, sent by van Hasselt), but a specimen from Sumatra (Coll. Dr. Klaesi) is intermediate, showing the underparts not as light as the Javan specimen, but lighter than that from Borneo, which is almost black instead of smoky black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
Hii'undinldae.
95. Hirundo rustica.
Hirundo rustica L. Syst. Nat. I, p. 343 (1766); Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. X, p. 128.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
190 BIRDS OF THE
Ilirundo gulturalis (Scop.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 125; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 134.
Two females in moult from the Upper Mahakkam (Dr. Nieu- wenbuis, 29 December 1898 and 6 January 1899).
96. Hirundo javaniea.
lilrundo javaniea Sparrm. Mus. Carlsr. t. 100 (1789); Temm. PI. Col. 83, fig. 2; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 126; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 134 ; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 430.
Two not fully adult females with but very slight traces of red ou the fore-head, collected at Nanga Raoen (May 21»* 1894), and ten specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, angle of moutb yellow, feet lead-color.
Hab. Southern India and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, through the Malay Archipelago and Southern Philippines to the Moluccas and New Guinea.
Muscicapidae.
97. Hemichelidon sibirica.
Muscicapa sihirica Gm. S. N. I, p. 936 (1788).
Hemichelidon sihirica Everett, L. B. Born. p. 126; Sharpe, Ibis 1894, p. 543 (Mount Mulu).
A female (N°. 698) from the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng, March 22<^ 1894. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible whitish at the base, mouth in- tensely yellow, feet sooty brown.
This specimen agrees in every respect with a specimen in the Leyden Museum, collected by S. Muller in the high- lands of Western Sumatra. Both these specimens have the bill obviously larger than our three specimens from the Continent, but this diSerence I do not consider as suffi- cient to base a new species upon.
Hab. Eastern Siberia, Himalaya Mountains, Burma, Su- matra, Palawan and Borneo. On tbe latter Island it has been collected on Mount Mulu by Mr. Hose's hunters.
Notes frotn the Leyden Museum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 191
98. Alseonax latirosiris.
Muscicapa latirostris Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIIT, p. 312 (1822). Alseonax latirosiris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 129; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 195; id. id. 1890, p. 275.
Three females, obtaiued at Smitau (December Q^^ and W^^) and Mount Kenepai (January Sl^t), and three specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris black, bill black, lower mandible whitish at the base, mouth yellow, feet black.
Hab. Eastern Siberia, Japan, China, a winter visitor in India, Ceylon, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Peuang, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines.
99. Erythromyias Millleri.
Muscicapa Mülleri Blyth, Ibis 1870, p. 166; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 129.
Erythromyias Mülleri Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 200; Hose,
Ibis 1893, p. 396; Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 551; id. id. 1894, p. 421.
A great number of specimens from the Liang Koeboeng range, about 800 meters above the level of the sea. This bird is frequenting the undergrowth of the high forest and has a nice sweet note. — Iris black, bill black, feet pale flesh- color or dirty white.
The adult female, having not been described as yet, resembles the adult male in the color of the lower sur- face, but the upper surface is olive-brown instead of black, the longitudinal white band on the wing much less dis- tinct, and the white superciliar stripe wanting. The tail is black with white bases to all but the innermost tail- feathers, like in the male. Immature birds are reddish brown above and have the greater and median wing coverts broadly tipped with rufous.
Hab. Sumatra and Borneo: Banjermassin (Schwaner), West-Borneo (Crookewit), mountains of Sarawak (Hose, Everett).
100. Xanthopygia cyanomelana.
Muscicapa cyanomelana Temm. PI. Col. Ill, pi. 470; Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. p. 47 (1829).
Notes from the Leyden IVtiiseum , "V^ol. XXI.
192 niRDS OF THE
Muscicupa melanoleuca Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 17 D. Muscicapa gularis Temm. & Schl. Faun. .Jap. Aves, pi. 16 (9). Xanthupygia cyanomelaena Everett, L. B. Born. p. 128; Sharpe, Ibis
1889, p. 196. Nillava cyanomelaena Seebohm, Birds Jap. Emp. p. 59.
Six males and three females were collected on Mount Keuepai, from 17 — 30 January 1894. Most of the males are in transitional stage, and none of them have assumed the full breeding plumage. The females are characterized by a white spot on the centre of the throat, — Iris dark brown, bill black with the base of lower mandible whitish in the female, feet gray.
Hab. Manchuria, North China and Japan, only a winter visitor in Borneo.
101. Siphia Everetti. Plate 14 (ad. r<", ad. V, immature r/ and young f7).
Siphia Everetti Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 366; Hoso, Ibis 1893, p. 399.
Thirteen specimens of both sexes, from the fledged young to the fully adult bird, obtained on Mount Kenepai, at an altitude of 600 meter, and in the thick primeval forest on the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng (800 meter).
As there is not yet published a full description of this species, and Dr. Sharpe having compared it, in his short diagnosis, with S. cyanea (Hume) ') from Tenasserim, which is very rare in collections, I venture to give here a more detailed description.
Adult male. Upper surface deep indigo-blue, more lively on crown and upper wing-coverts, a broad frontal band extending above the eye cobalt-blue, lores and a narrow base of the frontal band black, wing black, all the quills, with the exception of the two outermost primaries, edged with the color of the back ; central tail-feathers like the back, the outer pairs black on the inner and blue only on
1) 5. cyanea (Ilume, 1877) has turned out to be S. co^zcre^a (Miiller, 1835), see N. L. M. Vol. XVIIl, p. 221.
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 193
the outer web; sides of head and neck, chin, throat, chest and sides of breast blue like the upper surface, centre of breast and flanks more purplish gray, intermixed with white; abdomen, vent and under tail-coverts pure white, as well as a long tuft of fluffy feathers on the sides of the rump; tail and wing unterneath black, the quills faintly edged on their inner webs with smoky brown, under wing- coverts dark gray, the outer parts slightly tinged with blue, edge of wing entirely blue. Iris dark brown, bill black, feet bluish gray, soles orange-yellow. Wing 8 — 8,4 cm., tail 5,5, tarsus 2, culmen 1,8.
Adult female. Upper surface and anterior part of lower surface russet brown, strongly tinged with ferru- ginous on forehead, superciliary region, lores, sides of head, chin and throat; wing-coverts like the back, quills dark brown, the inner primaries and still more so the second- aries broadly edged with chestnut-brown, upper tail- coverts likewise chestnut-brown, tail dark brown, the cen- tral pair above rufous brown, the lateral pairs edged with rufous brown on the outer web and with white on the inner, the white margin being very narrow if not entirely absent on the outermost pair and rather broad on the three following pairs, but not reaching entirely to the tip. Moreover the third, fourth and fifth pair are margined with leaden blue on the basal two thirds of the outer web, while on the fourth pair this blue color borders a white longitudinal spot. Centre of throat pure white, partly con- cealed by the tips of the posterior feathers being tipped with rufous brown ; breast, flanks and thighs olive-brown ; centre of breast, abdomen, vent and under tail-coverts white, more or less spotted and streaked with the color of breast and flanks ; under wing-coverts white, varied with fulvous, inner web of the quills margined with ashy white. Color of iris, bill and feet as in the male. The female is very much like male and female of Rhinomyias gularis Sharpe in its general coloration and the white gular patch, but is easily distinguished from the latter by
Notes from the Leyden ÜMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
13
194 BIRDS OF THE
the white pattern on the tail-feathers and the absence of the isabellina superciliary stripe. Wing 8 era., tail 5,3 — 5,5; tarsus 2, culmen 1,8.
Two fledged young birds (cf and 9)> killed April 2'^ and 5^^, probably just after having left their nest, are dark brown, back and wing- coverts with a large rusty brown subterrainal spot on each feather; the quills broadly margined with the same rusty brown, which color predomi- nates also on the whole head, where it forms broad shaft- streaks, as well as on fore-neck and chest. The centre of throat is already showing the white half-concealed spot of the adult female, the abdomen and under tail-coverts are white, but strongly suffused with dark brown. In both, male ') and female, the white pattern on the tail-feathers is indicated, though they hardly exceed a centimetre iu length.
The adult stage in male and female seems to be attained by a slow change of color rather than by a moult, beginning at the base and slowly proceeding towards the tip of the feather.
The plumage of the adult is first acquired on back, upper wing-coverts and breast, and the last remnants of the rufous spots are found, as is shown by some specimens before me, at the base of the bill and on the superciliary region.
This species belongs to the larger forms of the genus, and especially the bill is rather clumsy. Like its nearest ally, S. concreta from Tenasserim, it is only found in mountain-forests.
Hab. Borneo: Mount Penrisen (Everett), Mount Dulit (Hose), Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeug.
102. Siphia unicolor.
Cyorni sunicolor Blyth, J. A. S. B. XII, pp. 941 and 1007 (1843); Oates, Faun. Br. Ind. Birds II, p. 22.
1) The young bird noted as a male might after all be a female, on account of the white pattern on the tail-feathers, which is entirely absent in the adult male.
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DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 195
Cyornis cyanopolla Blyth, Ibis 1870, p. 165 (ex Boie M. S. in Mus.
Lngd.); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 132. Siphia unicolor Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 444 ; Sharpe, Ibis
1894, p. 542.
An adult male (N° 983) from the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish. This bird was shot in low bamboo-jungle at an altitude of 850 meter above the sea-level.
Oates (1. c.) seems to doubt somewhat the identity of the Malay *S. cyanopolia with S. unicolor from the Continent, saying that it is a much brighter bird than *S. unicolor^ but having no specimen from the Continent to compare with our specimens from Java and Borneo, and Sharpe (Ibis 1894, p. 542) identifying a specimen from Mount Mulu with S. unicolar, 1 prefer te follow this latter authority.
Hab. Eastern Himalayas to the Malay Peninsula, Java and Borneo.
103. Siphia elegans.
Muscicapa elegans Temm. PI. Col. Ill, pi. 596, fig. 2 (r^) i). Cyornis elegans Walden, Ibis 1872, p. 373; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p.
130; Blasius, Verein. Naturw. Braunschw. 1881, p. 34. Siphia elegans Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 447 ; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 132; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 205. Cyornis turcosa Brügg. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. V, p. 457. Siphia turcosa Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus, IV, p. 453; id. Ibis 1893,
p. 551; id. id. 1894, p. 421.
An adult female from Smitau, four males and two females from Nanga Raoen and four specimens from the Sibau River; also from the Upper Mahakkam. Found in bamboo- jungle and brushwood of abandoned native plantations. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish gray.
1) Dr. Sharpe, Cat. B. IV, p. 447, mentions Muscicapa cantatrix Q. Temm. PI. Col. Ill, pi. 226, fig. 2, as belonging to the synonymy of iS. e%«««. This is undoubtedly an error, the bird in question, which still makes part of the Leyden collections, being a female in transitional stage of plumage of S. lanyumas (Horsf.) = Muscicapa cantatrix Temm. The pure white lores combined with the red color of the entire lower surface leave no doubt as to its identity with the female of 5. hanyumas.
Notes from the Leyden JMuseuin, Vol. XXI.
196 UIRDS OF THE
This species is exclusively an inhabitant of the lower country. In the Kapoeas- region we never met with it at any considerable elevation above the plain or the bottom of the valleys, nor is any instance known in literature of its occurrance on the hitherto explored mountains of Borneo, except a female stated by Dr. Sharpe (Ibis 1889, p. 205) to be found by Mr. Whitehead »on Kina Balu at 3000 feet".
I have, however, very strong reasons to doubt the identity of the mentioned female from Kina Balu with 5. elegans. Nay, from the synonymy of S. elegans in the Catalogue of Birds we learn that Dr. Sharpe considers the female of this species to have a white loral spot, as the learned author adds to this synonymy Muscicapa cantatrix Temm. PI. Col. Ill, pi. 226, fig. 2 (9) and Cyornis banyumas Tweedd., P. Z. S. 1878, p. 615 (9), both having white lores. The first is, however, as is proved by the original specimen still preserved in our Museum, nothing but an immature female of S. banyumas, and the second has afterwards been identified by Mr. Everett (Ibis 1895, p. 25) as the female of S. Lemprieri Sharpe. The female in question, from Kina Balu, 3000 feet, very probably belongs to S. coeruleata (Bp.), which is, at least for the basin of the Kapoeas, unquestionably a mountain form, of which I collected females in different stages of plumage, all with more or less distinct rufous or whitish lores.
The real females of S. elegans (two of them were killed together with their males) have no loral spot at all and can only be distinguished from the males by the want of the blue color on chin and throat, which parts are of a somewhat paler rufous than the chest. They can by no means be distinguished from S. turcosa, which is, in fact, nothing but the female of our S. elegans, a conclusion which gets still more strength by the fact that 5. turcosa is likewise an inhabitant of lower countries and was never found above an elevation of 1000 feet.
Notes Irom the Leyden ]Museiim, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 197
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is very widely distributed ').
104. Siphia coeruleata.
Schwaneria coeruleata Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 54 (e-
Temm. M. S.); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 134. Cyornis rufifrons Wallace, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 476; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 131; Sharpe, Ibis 1878, p. 416 (partim). Siphia coeruleata Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 451 ; Everett, L.
B. Born. p. 183. (?) Siphia elegans (part.) Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 205 2).
Six adult males and a nestling of the same sex, and five females in more or less fully developed dress, all obtained in the mountain-forests of the Liang Koeboeng- range, not below 800 meter. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet in fresh specimens purplish, in dry state pale brown, but by far not so whitish as in our typical specimen.
This species is allied to S. banyumas, having the lower surface entirely orange rufous, the centre of the abdomen only being white in some specimens, but it difiers from the latter in having the black chin-spot very small and the moustaches dark blue instead of blackish. Much more important than between the males the difference is between the adult females. In S. hanyumas the adult female much resembles the male in color, but is provided with a conspicuous white loral spot and instead of the large black chin-spot and ditto beard-stripes these parts are rufous like the rest of the under surface. The adult female of S. coeruleata agrees with that of S. hanyumas as to the want of a dark chin-spot, but the upper surface is not entirely blue like in the male, but olive-brown, with a darker, more grayish
1) Dr Sharpe includes Java in ihe geographical distribution of this species, probably on account of a female in the collection of the British Museum, but for the above developed reasons I guess that the specimen in question is an immature female of S. lanyumas.
2) The female of S elegans mentioned at the quoted place will very likely prove to belong to the present species (see my remarks on this subject antea "ander the head of S. elegans).
Notes frona the Leyden Museum, ^V^ol. XXI.
198 BIRDS OF THE
tinge on the crown, and the blue color is reduced to the upper tail-coverts and the outer webs of the tail-feathers; moreover the lores (and in some specimens also a ring round the eyes) are rufous instead of pure white. In younger females the blue color on upper tail-coverts and tail are entirely wanting. The young male does not pass through the color of the female as is clearly shown by our above mentioned nestling, which, though spotted with rufous all over the upper surface, has the very short quills and upper wing-coverts already edged with the blue color of the adult bird. The entire lower surface of this nestling is orange rufous with a narrow black margin to some of the feathers, but no trace of a black chin-spot can be seen. The feet in the dried skin of this nestling are whitish yellow, like in the type of the species in our Museum, which is, by the way, not a fully adult bird, as it has some rusty red spots to the tips of the greater wing- coverts.
I may not neglect here to say that my series of males from the Liang Koeboeng does not absolutely agree with the type, this latter showing a slightly more purplish tinge on the upper surface, and a more distinct cobalt color on the rump, while the numerous black feathers on the chin indicate a larger black chin-spot than in any of my spe- cimens from the Liang Koeboeng-range. The type being, however, not fully adult (having a few rusty tips to the wing-coverts) and in worn plumage, I dare not keep them separate on account of the above mentioned difie- reuces. Unfortunately I cannot dispose of any specimen of the so-called S. rufifrons from other localities of Borneo and therefore I am unable to tell whether this latter form agrees more with the typical specimen of our S. coeruleata or with my specimens from Liang Koeboeng.
H a b. Borneo : Sarawak, and Central and Southern Borneo (Schwaner).
Notes from the Leyden ]Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 199
105. Siphia heccariana. Plate 15 (ad. ^, ad. t and immature <^).
Cyornis heccariana Salvad. Atti R. Acad. Torino, III, p. 533(1868);
id. Ucc. Born. p. 131. Siphia heccariana Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 452; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 133 ; Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 435; Hose, Ibis 1893, pp. 546, 551.
An adult female and an immature male from Mount Kenepai, an adult male from the Upper Sibau River, and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. A species, found in the forest of the lower mountain-regions. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish in the adult male, pale blue in the adult female, gray in the young male. This latter has the color of the adult female, sufiused with rusty red, especially on the face, and with some smalt-blue feathers making their appearance on the rump, leaving no doubt as to the systematic position of the specimen.
Hab. Borneo: Hill regions of Sarawak and basin of the Upper Kapoeas.
106. Stoparola thalassinoides.
Hypothymis thalassina Bp. (nee Swains.) Consp. I, p. 320. Stoparola thalassinoides Cab. Mus. Hein. I, p. 53 (note) (1850); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 132; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 205; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 132.
An adult male from the Liang Koeboeng-range. — Iris, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
107. Hypothymis azurea.
Muscicapa azurea Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 41. Hijpothymis azurea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 133.
Hypothymis occipitalis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br, Mus. IV, p. 274; id. Ibis 1889, p. 197; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 128.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Sanggau, Roema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, Liang Koeboeng (western slope and top-plateau) and Poelau ; also from the Upper and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris black, eyelid blue, bill in
Notes from tlie Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
200 BTRDS OF THE
life ultramarine, tip black, feet dark blue. Found in low jungle as well as in high forest.
Hab. India, Malacca, the whole Malay Archipelago and the Philippines.
108. Culicicapa ceylonensis.
Platyrhynchns ceylonensis Swains. Zool. Illustr. Ser. I, pi. 13. Culicicapa ceylonensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 134; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 202; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 131.
Eight specimens from Mount Kenepai and the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng, where it is quite a forest- bird. Male and female are alike in color, but the male is a trifle larger than the female, the wing of this latter measuring 5,8 cm. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible whitish, feet ochraceous.
Hab. From India and Ceylon through the Malay Pen- insula to Sumatra, Nias and Batu Islands, Java and Borneo.
109. Rhipidura javanica.
Muscicapa javanica Sparrm. Mus. Carls. Ill, pi. 75 (1789). Leucocerca javanica Salvad. ucc. Born. p. 135.
Rhipidura javanica Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 199; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 129; Büttik. N. L. M. 1893, p. 97.
Ten specimens from Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau and the Upper Mahakkam, but neither on Mount Kenepai nor Liang Koeboeng, where it is represented by R. perlata. Found in old rice-plantation and brushwood, very often in the immediate vicinity of native houses. — Iris black, bill and feet grayish black.
Hab. South-eastern corner of the Continent, including southern China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where it seems to be restricted to the plains.
110. Rhipidura perlo.ta.
Rhipidura perlata S. Mull. Verb. Land- en Volkenk. p. 185 (1839—44) ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 129; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 199; Büttik, N. L. M. 1893, p. 91.
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseiiru, "\'"ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 201
A great number of specimens from the forests of Mount Kenepai and the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng- range, never found in the low country. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet purplish gray. The female is only distin- guished from the male by its smaller size.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
111. Terpsiphone af finis.
Tchiirea affinis Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XV, p. 292. Terpsiphone affinis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 137; Sbarpe, Ibis 1889, p. 200; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 130.
Six specimens from Mount Liang Koeboeng (780 meters) and Nanga Raoen, also observed at Roema Manoeal, and on the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. In the mountain- forests on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng it was» undoubtedly breeding, though I was not able to find its nest. — Iris dark brown, bill and eyelid blue, tip of bill black, inside of mouth yellowish green, tongue dark green, feet pale blue.
Hab. Sout-eastern Asia, from the Himalayas throughout the Sunda Islands as far as Java.
»Von diesem Vogel wurde das Nest gefunden, leider mit zerbrochenen Eiern. Das Nest war auf einem jungen, nie- drigen Baumchen gebaut, etwas iiber Mannshöhe. Es hatte die Grosse eines Finkeunestes, war aus Moos gebaut und mit Faden gefüttert" (von Berchtold).
112. Philentoma pyrrhopterum.
Muscicapa pyrrhopiera Temm. PI. Col. 596, fig. 2 ( <') (1836). Philentoma pyrrhopterum Salvad. tJcc. Born. p. 138; Sbarpe, Ibis 1889, p. 200; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 130.
A great number of specimens of both sexes from Roema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen, the Siniai Valley and the mountain-forests of the Liang Koeboeng; also from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill black, in younger specimens flesh-color, feet grayish blue.
It is a somewhat strange fact that amongst numerous
iN'otes from tlie Leyden JMuseum, "V^ol. XXI.
202
BIRDS OF THE
males collected in the above mentioned localities there is not a single one in fully mature dress, all having wings and tail chestnut and breast and abdomen white with a tinge of fulvous. There are, however, specimens amongst them with some blue feathers in the wings and on the lower back and abdomen, and I should say, from this fact, that the fully blue dress of the adult male is only assu- med in the dry season, which, in the Kapoeas basin, be- gins about May. On the other hand I am obliged to state that a specimen obtained on January 29^^ has just as much blue in the wing as others which were shot in April, and a male obtained on May lOt^i has no blue on the wings at all. It is rather incomprehensible that amongst the many males their would only immature specimens be obtained. Strange enough Mr. Oates (Faun. Brit. Ind. Birds, II, p. 43) does not mention the entirely blue dress of the adult male at all.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
113. Philentoma velatum.
Drymophila velata Temm. PI. Col. 334 (/) (1825). Philentoma velatum Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 139; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 130.
Twelve specimens from the forests of Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen and the western slope of the Liang Koe- boeng, also two specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. A young female (N°. 1123), shot together with an adult male on April 25tli, in the forest of the Liang Koeboeng, probably not many days after having left the nest, is quite different from the adult birds in color. The whole plumage, with the exception of wings and tail, is chest- nut-brown, yieldiug to maroon on the upper surface, espe- cially on the head, but much lighter than the throat in the adult male. Wings and tail, which have not yet attained their full size, are of the same color as in the adult birds, but the scapularies and all the upper wing-coverts are brown like the back. The change of color seems to be
Notes from tlie Leyden ^luseum. Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 203
undergone by a complete moult, as amongst the wing- coverts and scapulary feathers there are numerous young feathers making their appearance which are entirely blue (see also Oates, Fauna Brit. Ind. Birds, II, p. 43). — Iris blood-red, in the young specimen dark brown, bill black, feet dark gray. The breeding season seems, according to the above mentioned young bird, to be in Marcb and April. Hab. From Tenasserim through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, on which latter island it is widely dis- tributed and an inhabitant of lower as well as mountainous countries. The Leyden Museum is in possession of speci- mens from Java and Timor. On the Natuna Islands this species seems to be represented by a somewhat different form, Philentoma dubium Hartert.
Artamtdae.
114. Artnmus leucorliynchus.
Lanius leucorhynchus L. Mant. Plant, p. 524 (1771). Artamus leucorhynchus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 140; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 144; Sharps, Ibis 1889, p. 433.
Three adult birds from Pontianak, two nestlings from Poelau, and a specimen from the Upper Mahakkam. The latter have the quills and tail-feathers slightly tipped with white, otherwise they do not differ in color from the adult. — Iris dark brown, bill bluish gray, tip black, feet dark gray.
Hab. From the Andamans through the Malaiasian re- gion, the Moluccas and New Guinea to Australia.
Cainpephagldae.
115. Pericrocotus xanthog aster.
Lanius xanthogaster Rafla. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 309 (1822). Pericrocotus ardens Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 143, pi. II. Pericrocotus xanthogaster Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 192; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 125.
Notes frona the Leyden üMuseuna, "Vol. XXI.
204 BIRDS OF THE
An adult male from Pontianak, collected by Mr. Moret. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo throughout.
116. Lalage terat.
Titrdus terat Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. pi. 17 (1783). Lalage terat Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 145; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 194; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 126.
An adult male from Pontianak, collected by Mr. Moret. — Iris brown, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Nicobars, Nias, Sumatra, Java, Banka, the Philippines, throughout Borneo.
117. Lalage culminata.
Ceblepyris culminata Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII, p. 157 (1844). Volvocivora Schierhrandi Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 148. Lalage culminata Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 194; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 126.
Two males and two females from Smitau, Roema Ma- noeal, Liang Koeboeng, and a male and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown in the females, blood- red in the males, bill grayish black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (throughout the island).
118. Artamides sumatrensis.
Ceblepyris sumatrensis S. Mull. Verb. p. 190. Graucalus sumatrensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 150. Artamides sumatrensis Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 191; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 125.
Two adult males, collected by Mr. Moret near Pon- tianak. — Iris milky white, bill and feet black, soles yellow.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, where it is spread over the whole island.
119. Irena criniger.
Irena cyanea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 151 (1874); id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Geneva, 1879, p. 207.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, A^ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 205
Irena crlniger Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. Ill, p. 267; id. id. VI, p. 176; id. Ibis 1889, p. 277; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 117.
A great number of specimens collected on Mounts Ke- nepai and Liang Koeboeng, at Poelau in the Sibau Valley, and on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris carmine, bill and legs black.
Hab. Sumatra and Borneo, where it is spread over the whole island.
Dicriiridac.
120. Dissemurus platurus.
Dicrurus platurus Vieill. N. D. IX, p. 588 (1817).
Dissemurus brachypJiorus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 154; Sharpe, Ibis
1889, p. 188. Dissemurus platurus Büttik. N. L. M. 1887, p. 50; Everett, L, B. Born
p. 124.
Numerous specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau and Long Bloe (Upper Ma- hakkam). — Iris reddish brown to blood-red, bill and feet black,
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra, Nias, Banka, Java, Borneo, where it is spread over the whole island.
I have looked over our large material from the above mentioned localities again and I am only strengthened in my opinion, expressed in the above mentioned paper on Sumatran birds, that the Bornean birds should not be sepa- rated under the name of D. hrachyphorus.
Extract from Mr. von Berchtold's field-notes: »Ich habe sehr oft Gelegenheit gehabt zu beobachten, dass diese Vogel, namentlich vor der Abeuddammerung, sobald sie paarweise ihr Nachtquartier bezogen habeu, die vorbeifliegenden Raub- vögel unter heftigem Geschrei attaquiren und dieselben eine kurze Strecke verfolgen."
Laniidae.
121. Hemipus obscurus.
Muscicapa ohsaira Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 146 (1822). Notes from tlie Leyclen ]VIuseuni, ^'ol. ZSCXI.
206 BIRDS OF THE
Myiolestes oiscurus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 156.
Hemipus obscurus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br, Mus. Ill, p. 305; id. Ibis 1889, p. 189.
Two adult males and a female, all from Smitau, an adult male from Pontianak and three males and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malacca '), Sumatra, Banka and Billitou (speci- mina in Mus. Lugd.), Java and Borneo, where it is spread throughout the island.
122. Hemipus picatus.
Muscicapa picata Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 85.
Hemipus intermedius Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. XIV (1879), p. 209 (üccelli di Sumatra); Büttik. N.L.M. 1887, p. 51.
Hemipus picatus Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 189; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 123; Oates, Faun. Br. lad. Birds, I, p. 471; Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 434; id. id. 1893, p. 551; id. id. 1894, p. 543.
Hemipus capitalis Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 395.
An immature male and two females obtained on the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng, at an altitude of 870 meter. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet leaden gray. Living in the undergrowth of the virgin forest.
Hab. From South India and Ceylon eastwards through Burma and Tenasserim to Siam and Cochin China, Su- matra and Borneo. On the latter island it has been dis- covered by Mr. Whitehead on Mount Kina Balu, and was afterwards also found on Mount Dulit and Mount Mulu by Mr. Ch, Hose, and on Mount Penriseu and Mount Poeh by Mr. A. H. Everett.
The immature male is still wearing the plumage of the young bird, which does not differ from that of the female, but here and there on the brown head and back can be seen some beginnings of the glossy black plumage of the adult male. The rump in the male and both females is
1) According to Dr. Sharpe (1. c.) this species is found as far north as Tenasserim, but Mr. Oates, Fauna of Brit. India Birds, Vol. I, p. 473, be- lieves that it does not range farther north than Malacca.
Notes from the Leyden Miuseuna, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 207
pure white with a few black cross-bars on the anterior part; the shorter upper tail-coverts are also white, while the longer are black like the three innermost pairs of tail- feathers. The three outer pairs of tail-feathers are black with white tip, which latter is largest on the outermost pair, where it has an extent of 3 cm, on the outer, and of about 2 cm. on the inner web. The basal third of the outer web is black. In one of the two females even the fourth pair are, though narrowly, tipped with white.
In a treatise on Sumatran birds (N. L. M. 1887, p. 52) I uttered some doubts as to the distinctness of H. picatus, H. capitalis aud H. iyitermedius, and Dr. Sharpe (Ibis 1889, p. 190) believes that H, picatus and H. capitalis are iden- tical. But in the same year, Mr. Oates (Faun. Brit. India Birds, I, p. 471) points out a constant distinguishing cha- racter, saying that the adult male of H. picatus has head and back glossy black, while in H. capitalis only the head and hind neck are black, strongly contrasting with the back, which is brown. As females and young birds of both species are alike, the difference is entirely based upon the color of the back in adult males. Hemipus capitalis is enumerated by Mr. Ch. Hose (Ibis 1893, p. 395) in his paper on the birds of Mount Dulit. But this is very pro- bably a mistake, as the same bird is mentioned in a pre- vious list (Ibis 1892, p. 434) as H. picatus. It is, on the contrary, very probable that H. capitalis does not exist in Borneo at all aud that the only highland-form occurring on that island as well as in Sumatra belongs to H. picatus.
In my above mentioned paper on Sumatran birds I sug- gested that B. intermeclius Salvad. might be identical with H. picatus. Count Salvadori (Uccelli di Sumatra, p. 209) says that H. intermedins agrees with //. picatus in the shining black color of the upper parts, while in the extent of the white tips to the tail-feathers it resembles H. capi- talis from Nepal. But since there is, in fact, no difference in the extent of the white color on the tail between the mentioned species, this cannot be used as a distinguishing
Notes from the Leyden ]VIixseuni, Vol. XXI.
208 BIRDS OF THE
character for H. intermedius^ which agrees in every respect with the adult males of //. picatus from Burma, Sumatra aud Borneo, contained in the Leydeu Museum. Only the size of the type of H. intermedius (6,5 cm.) is rather sur- passing the average size of H. picatus^ but a male of the latter species from Burma, recently received in exchange from the British Museum, is quite as large, so that the size cannot form a distinguishing characteristical.
123. Tephrodornis gularis.
Lanius gularis Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 304 (1822). Tephrodornis gularis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 156; Biittik. N. L. M. 1887, p. 52 1); Sharpe,Ibisl889, p. 188; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 121.
Two specimens (male and female) from Mount Kenepai. Iris greenish yellow, bill black, feet gray.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo, where it seems to occur throughout the island.
124. Lanius tigrinus.
Lanius tigrinus Drap. Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. XIII, p. 523 (1828); Everett, L. B. Born. p. 121.
An immature female from the southern foot of Mount Kenepai aud four specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris black, bill bluish white, feet gray.
Hab. From Eastern Asia through Malacca to Nias, Sumatra and throughout Borneo.
Parldae.
125. Dendrophila corallipes.
Dendrophila corallipes Sharpe, Ibis 1888, p. 479 ; id. id. 1889, p. 420; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 120.
An adult specimen, collected by the Controller Mr. Wes- teneuk at Sanggau. — Iris light yellow, eyelid, bill and feet coral-red.
1) I have once more compared our Sumatran specimens with those from Borneo and feel convinced now that they all belong to the present species.
Notes from, the Leyden INIuseum, "V^ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 209
Dicaeldae.
126. Prionochilus xanthopygius.
Prionochilus xanthopygius Salvad. Atti R. Acad. Torino, III, p. 416 (1868); id. ÜCC. Born. p. 162; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 140; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 430; Büttik. in Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Ill, p. 302 (1894).
A great number of specimens from Roema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, the valley of the Siniai, the Liang Koe- boeng range and Nanga Raoen ; also from the Upper Ma- hakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible horny gray, feet gray.
Hab. Borneo.
127, Prionochilus thoracicus.
Pardalotus thoracicus Temm. PI. Col. III. pi. 600, figs. 1 et 2 (1836).
Prionochilus thoracicus Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 163; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 140; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 430; Büttik. in Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Ill, p. 302 (1894).
Eight specimens from Smitau and Roema Manoeal. — Iris, bill and feet black. — Two probably young, though full- grown specimens, which have been preserved in spirits, differ very much from both adult male and female, having the upper surface dark grayish olive-green, with hardly any indication of yellow on the centre of the crown, and the lower surface dark ashy gray, with yellowish white centre of breast and abdomen. Rump, upper- and under tail-coverts pale yellow, quills and tail-feathers black, the secondaries edged with green, under wing-coverts silky white, bill brown, angle of mouth and basal three thirds of lower mandible yellow. Having an adult male and female, also preserved in spirits, which are not altered at all in color, I may presume the same with regard to the two specimens which I have mentioned above as imma- ture birds.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
I>iotes from the Leyden ]>Xuseun3, "Vol. XXI-
14
210 BIRDS OF THE
128. Prionochiius maculatus.
Pardalotus maculatus Temm. PI. Col. Ill, pi. 600, fig. 3 (1836). Prionochiius maculatus Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Salvad. Ucc.
Born. p. 164; Sharpe, Ibis 1877, p. 17; Everett, L. B. Born. p.
140; Büttik. in Weber, Zool. Ergebn. IK, p. 302 (1894).
Three specimens from Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, and eight specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris of the male reddish brown, of the female orange; bill black, lower mandible bluish gray, feet bluish gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
129. Prionochiius ignicapillus.
Dicaeum ignicapilla Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105. Prionochiius percussus W. Blasius, Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, XXXIII, p. 54, Prionochiius ignicapillus Everett, L. B. Born, p, 140; Büttik. in Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Ill, p. 302 (1894).
An adult male from Poelau. — Iris light brown, bill black, feet dark gray.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
130. Piprisoma Everetti.
Prionochiius Everetti Sharpe, Ibis 1877, p. 16; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 345, pi. XXX, fig. 1; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 141; Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 553.
Piprisoma Everetti Büttik. in Weber, Zool. Ergebn. Ill, p. 303 (1894).
Adult male and female from Roema Manoeal, and four males from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris yellow, brownish yellow or gray, bill and feet leaden gray. — The male is considerably larger than the female, the wing of the first measuring 6 cm., of the latter only 5,6; but in the color there is no difference whatever. From P. ohsoletum (Mull. & Schl.), from Timor and Flores, the present species differs by wanting the white terminal spot on the inner web of the outermost tail-feathers.
Hab. The lowlands of Borneo : Labuan, Sarawak and the Kapoeas basin.
Notes from the Leyden Aluseura, Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 211
131. Dicaeum nigrimentum.
Dicaeuvi nigrimentum Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 165; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 139; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 429.
A great number of specimens from Pontiauak, Sanggau, Smitau, Roema Mauoeal, Mount Keuepai, Nanga Raoen, Poelau and the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris, bill and feet black.
H a b. Malacca and Borneo.
132. Dicaeum trig ono stigma.
Certhia trigonostigma Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. II, p. 91 (1786). Dicaeum trigonostigma Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 166; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 139; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 429.
Numerous specimens from Sanggau, Smitau, Roema Ma- noeal, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen, the Liang Koeboeng range, Poelau and the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, base of lower mandible gray, feet gray.
Hab. From Burmah through Tenasserim and the Ma- layan Peninsula to Sumatra, Nias, the Batu Islands, Java and Borneo, where it is fairly common in and round the native settlements and in the jungle of abandoned plan- tations.
133. Dicaeum chrysorrhoeum, ').
Dicaeum chrysorrhoeum Temm. PI. Col. IV, pi. 478, fig. 1 (1829); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 168; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 139; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 429.
Two specimens obtained at Sanggau (Westenenk) and at Smitau, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, gray or dark orange, bill and feet black. The difference in the color of the iris seems to be individual.
1) Mr. Everett, in his List of Birds of' Borneo, doubts the occurrence of Dicaeum flammeum in Borneo as being not thoroughly stated by any good evidence, and for this reason omitted it in his list. Although not having obtained the species myself, I am much pleased to state that the collections in the Leyden Museum contain many specimens of this species, collected in South-Borneo by authorities as Schwaner and Semmelink.
Notes from, the Leyden üMuseutxi, Vol. XX.I-
212 BIRDS OF THE
Hab. From the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
134. Dicaeum monticolum.
Dicaeum monticolum Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 452; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 139. Dicaeum monticola Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 428; id. id. 1890, p. 287,
pi. VIII, figs. 1 and 2; Hose, Ibis 1803, p. 400.
An adult male obtained on the Liang Koeboeng range. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet dark gray.
Hab. Mountain-regions of Borneo: Kina Balu, moun- tains of Sarawak and Liang Koeboeng.
IVectarlniidae.
135. Aethopyga Temmincki.
Nectarinia Temmincki S. Mull. Nat. Gesch., Land- en Volkenk. p.
173 (1843). Aethop^fja Temmincki Everett, L. B. Born. p. 185; Sharpe, Ibis 1889,
p. 421 (first description of the female).
An adult male and two adult females from the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng range, and an adult female from Mount Kenepai. Here may also be remembered the adult male, observed on the summit of Mount Kenepai and mentioned in ray general introduction (N. L. M. 1897, p. 13). This species is a mountain form, representing the lowland- form A. siparaja in the higher regions of Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng. The female of the present species, for the first time described by Sharpe (see above), is easily distinguished from that of A. siparaja by the orange-red outer edgings to the quills and tail-feathers, and by the shorter tail, measuring only 2,5 cm. instead of 3,3. The No9 999 and 1000 from Liang Koeboeng are probably matched male and female, shot together on a high tree. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible paler, feet brown.
Hab. Sumatra and Borneo. On the latter island found
iNTotes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 213
on the Kina Balu and on the mountains of Sarawak, above an elevation of 2000 feet.
136. Aethopyga siparaja.
Cerihia siparaja Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 299 (1822). Aethupyga. eupogon Salvad. IJcc. Born. p. 173.
Aethopyga siparaja Everett, L. B. Born. p. 135; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 422.
Numerous specimens of both sexes from Pontianak, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen and Poelau ; also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible in the female brown, feet brown.
Hab. Malacca and the Sunda Islands.
137. Chalcostetha insignis.
Nectarinia insignis Jard. Mon. Sun-bird?, p. 274 (1842). Chalcostetha insignis Salvad. TJcc. Born. p. 177; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 135; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 422.
An adult male, collected by Moret at Pontianak. Hab. From South China through the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines to the Sunda Islands and Celebes.
138. Cinnyris Hasselti.
Nectarinia Hasselti Temm. PL Col. 376, fig. 3 (1825). Nectarophila Hasselti Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 177. Cinnyris Hasselti Everett, L. B. Born. p. 186; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 423.
Two adult males from Roema Manoeal. — Iris brown, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Sunda Islands.
139. Cinnyris pectoralis.
Nectarinia pectoralis Horsf. Trana. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 167 (1822). Cyrtostomus pectoralis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 170. Cinnyris pectoralis Everett, L. B. Born. p. 136; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 423.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, A^ol. XXI.
214 BIRDS OF THE
Adult male and female, obtained at Smitau. — Iris, bill and feet black.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands and the Nicobars.
140. Anthreptes malaccensis.
Certhia malaccensis Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. II, p. 91 (1787). Anthreptes malaccensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 178; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 137; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 424.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, also from the Upper Mahakkam. Common in plantations and brushwood. — Iris red, iu young specimens brown, bill black, feet olive-brown, soles yellow; in young speci- mens the feet are entirely orange.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Siam, Sumatra, Nias, Java to Flores, Southern Philippine Islands, Borneo.
141. Anthreptes hypogrammica.
Neciarinia hypogrummica S. Mull. Nat. Gesch., Land- en Volkenk.
p. 173 (1843). Hypogramma nuchalis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 172. Anthreptes hypogrammica Everett, L. B. Born. p. 136.
Four specimens from Mount Kenepai and the Liang Koe- boeng range, where it is found in the crowns of high trees; also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet olive-green, soles yellow.
Hab, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
142. Anthreptes simplex.
Nectarinia simplex S. Mull. Nat. Gesch., Land- en Volkenk. p. 173
(1843). Arachnophila simplex Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 172. Anthreptes simplex Everett, L. B. Born. p. 136.
Numerous specimens from Roema Manoeal, Mount Ke- nepai, the Liang Koeboeng range, Poelau and the Upper Sibau River, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red- dish brown, bill black, feet brown, soles yellow.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 215
Hab. Nias, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is distributed over the whole island.
143. Anthreptes rhodolaema.
Anthreptes rhodolaema Shelley, Mon. Nect. p. 313, pi. 101, fig. 1 (1878); Sharpe, Ibis 1879, p. 260; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 137.
Four adult males and a female from Pontianak, Smitau and Roema Manoeal, and an adult male from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill black, feet olive-brown, soles yellow. — This species is easily distinguished from A. malac- censis by the red instead of olive tinge of the sides of the head, the great extent of the red color on the wing-coverts, the absence of purplish blue on upper back and mantle, and by the green instead of yellow color of the lower surface. In the above-mentioned localities it is generally found together with A. malaccensis. Captain Shelley, who in his above-mentioned monograph was the first to separate it from A. malaccensis, mentions as habitat of the present species Malacca and Sumatra, but the Leyden Museum is in possession of a great number of specimens from Borneo, which island is for the first time mentioned as the habitat of this species by Dr. Sharpe (1. c).
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
144. Anthreptes phoenicotis.
Nectarinia phoenicotis Temm. PL Col. 108, fig. 1, 388, fig. 2 (1824). Chalcoparia singalensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 180. Anthreptes phoenicotis Everett, L. B. Born. p. 187; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 425.
Twelve specimens from Roema Manoeal, the Liang Koe- boeng range, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, and seven from the Upper Mahakkam, — Iris reddish brown, bill black, feet olive-brown, soles yellow.
Hab. From Bhutan through the Malay Peniosula and the Sunda Islands.
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseiiiii, ~V'ol. XXI.
'216 BIRDS OF THE
145. Arachnothera modesta.
Anthreptes modesta Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105. Arachnothera modesta Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 183; Biittik. N. L. M. 1887, p. 57; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 137.
Three specimens from Pontianak and Mount Kenepai. — Iris brown, bill brown, lower mandible horny, feet flesh-color.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Mus. liUgd., see my above-quoted comparative note on A. modesta and A. af- Jinis) and Borneo.
146. Arachnothera Everetti.
Arachnothera modesta Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 425. Arachnoraphis Everetti Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 561; Whitehead, Ibis 1894, p. 316.
An adult female from the Liang Koeboeng range and an adult male from the Upper Mahakkam, collected by Dr. Nieu- wenhuis in January 1899. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible horny, feet flesh -color.
Hab. Mountain regions of Borneo: Kina Balu (White- head), Mount Penrisen (A. H. Everett) and the two above- mentioned localities.
This species stands between A. modesta and the Java- nese A. afjinis. With the first it agrees in the olive-green (not golden green) tinge on the upper surface, and with the latter in showing the dark shaft-streaks more distinctly and extending also over the abdomen, and in being larger than A. modesta. The single specimen obtained on the Liang Koeboeng agrees fairly well with a specimen from the Kina Balu in the Leyden Museum but is somewhat less strongly striped and somewhat smaller. It must be observed, however, that the size is not very constant in either of these species, and that the stronger shaft- streaks do not hold well in all the specimens of the present species, so that the validity of this species seems somewhat doubtful. According to Mr. Whitehead (1. c.) the specimens from the Kina Balu, enumerated by Sharpe in
JSotes from the Leyden ÜMuseum, A^ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNFO-EXPEDITION. '217
Ibis 1889, p. 425, under the name of A. modesta, belong to the present species, which, on account of the ridged culmen, is a true Arachnothera. I may be allowed to remember, that the Sumatran specimens in the Leyden Museum, from the Highlands of Padang (Dr, Klaesi) and Deli (Dr. Hagen), belong to A. modesta and not to A. af finis, which latter species seems to be restricted to Java.
147. Arachnothera longirostris.
Certhia longirostra Lath. Ind. Orn. I, p. 299 (1790). Arachnothera longirostris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 186; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 137; Sharps, Ibis 1889, p. 426.
A great number of specimens from Pontianak, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen, Liang Koeboeng range, Poelau and the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible bluish white, feet grayish blue.
Hab. Prom British India through the Malay Peninsula to the Sunda Islands and Celebes? ').
148. Arachnothera chrysogenys.
Arachnothera chrysogenys ïemm. PI. Col. 388, fig. 1 (18'26); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 181 ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 138; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 426.
Six specimens from Roema Manoeal, Poetoes Sibau and Poelau, and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, edge of upper mandible yellow on the basal half, feet flesh-color. The »Hisiet" is considered to be a sacred bird by the Mahau of the Upper Mahakkam.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and the Sunda Islands.
149. Araclinoraphis rohusta. Arachnothera rohusta S. Mull. & Schleg. Verb. Nat. Gesch. p. 68,
1) This species is said by Muller & Schlegel (Verhand. Aves, p. 69), and upon their authority by other ornithologists, to be found also in Celebes. This opinion is based upon a specimen in the Leyden Museum, labelled «Forsten, Celebes", but no other evidence being known as to its occurrence on that island, the proveniance of the specimen in question must be considered as very doubtful.
Notes from, the Leyden ]Maseum, ^''ol. XXI.
218 BIRDS OF THE
pi. 11, fig. 1 (1846); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 184; Büttik. N.L.M. 1887, p. 56. Arachnoraphis rohusta Everett, L. B. Born. p. 138.
An adult male from the western slope of the Liang Koe- boeng range. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet dark grayish green, soles ochraceous.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Dr. Klaesi), Java and Borneo.
150. Arachnoraphis crassirostris.
Arachnocestra crassirostris Reichenb. Handb. Scansoriae, p. 314, N° 747,
pi. 592, fig. 4016 (1854). Arachnolhera crassirostris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 187. Arachnoraphis crassirostris Everett, L. B. Born. p. 138.
Three specimens from Roema Manoeal and the Liang Koeboeng range, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, base of lower mandible brownish gray, feet grayish olive, soles ochraceous.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
151. Arachnoraphis flavigaster.
Anthreptes flavigaster Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 105. Arachnothera Eytoni, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 182. Arachnoraphis jiavigastra Everett, L. B. Born. p. 138.
Two specimens from the Liang Koeboeng range. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible brown, feet ochra- ceous.
Habi Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo.
Melliphagiflae.
152. Zosterops squamifrons.
Zosterops squamifrons Sharpe, Ibis 1892, pp. 323 and 436; White- head, Ibis 1893, p. 281; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 401; Sharpe, Ibis 1893, pp. 552 and 561.
Two males and a female, obtained on Mount Kenepai, at an altitude of GOO meters. — Iris grayish or yellowish
Notes from the Leyden IMLuseum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 219
white, bill black, feet grayish green. Male and female of this aberrant species of Zosterops are quite similar in color and size.
Hab. Mountain-forests of Borneo (Kina Balu, most of the mountains of Sarawak, and Mount Kenepai).
153. Aegithina viridis.
lara viridis Bp. Consp. I, p. 397, ex Temm. MS. in Mus. Lugd.
Io7-a scapularis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 190; Sharpe, Ibis 1877, p. 14; id. P.Z. S. 1879, p. 339 (with description of the egg).
Aegithina viridis Tweedd. Ibis 1877, p. 304; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 619; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 11; id. Ibis 1889, p. 271; Eve- rett, L. B. Born. p. 116.
A great number of this lowland-bird collected in plan- tations and brush-wood at Smitau, Nanga Raoen and Poe- lau. — Iris white, bill horny blue, feet gray. A female nestling, obtained at Nanga Kaoen, is quite similar in color to the adult female. Iris brown.
Hab. Sumatra, Palawan and Borneo.
154. Aegithina viridissima.
lora viridissima Bp. Consp. I, p. 397 (1850); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 192. Aegithina viridissima Tweedd. Ibis 1877, p. 304, pi. 5; Sharpe, Cat.
B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 6; id. Ibis 1889, p. 271; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 116.
An adult male from the southern foot of Mount Kenepai and an adult female from Pontianak ; two specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris in male and female brown, bill and feet bluish gray.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and the lowlands of Borneo.
155. Chloropsis zosterops.
Chloropsis zosterops Vigors, App. Mem. Life Raffl. p. 674 (1830); Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mas. VI, p. 24; id. Ibis 1889, p. 271; Eve- rett, L. B. Born. p. 116.
lora viridissima Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 192.
lora sp."^ Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 191.
Notes from the Lieyden IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
220 BIRDS OF THE
A great number collected at Smitau, on the southern foot of Mt Kenepai, in the forests on M* Kenepai, on the Liang Koeboeng mountains, at Nanga Raoen and near Poelau ; also from the Upper Mahakkam. A regular forest- bird. — Iris brown, bill black, base of lower mandible in the female horny blue, feet grayish blue.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
156. Chloropsis cyanopogon.
Phyllornis cyanopogon Temm. PL Col. 512, fig. 1 (1829); Salvad.
ÜCC. Born. p. 194. Chloropsis cyanopogon Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 32; id. Ibis
1889, p. 272; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 116.
Ten specimens collected at Sanggau, Smitau, on Mt Ke- nepai from the foot up to an altitude of 800 meter, on the Liang Koeboeng and in the Sibau valley, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible gray, feet gray.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island.
157. Chloropsis viridinuclia.
Phyllornis icierocephala (nee Less.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 195 (1874). Phyllornis viridinucha Sharpe, Ibis 1877, p. 15; Tweedd. Ibis 1877,
p. 305; Sharpe, Ibis 1878, p. 414. Chloropsis viridinucha Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 31; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 117; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 392.
An adult male and female obtained on Mount Kenepai, and another male on Mount Liang Koeboeng; also from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet grayish blue, soles ochre. — Contents of stomach : Insects and fruits.
Hab. Restricted to Borneo, where it represents C/i. iciero- cephala from Malacca and Sumatra.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 221
Bracliypodidae.
158. Trachycomus ochrocephalus .
Turdus ochrocephalus Gm. Syst. Nat. I, p. 821 (1788).
Trachycomus ochrocephalus Cab. Mus. Hein. I, p. 109 (1850); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 196; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 93; id. Ibis
1889, p. 275; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 114.
All adult female from Smitau, ou the Kapoeas River ; also from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where the species is spread over the whole island.
159. Laedorusa analis.
Turdus analis Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 147 (1822). Pycnonotus gourdini Bp. Consp. I, p. 266; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 198. Pycnonotus analis Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 216; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 197; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 140; id. Ibis 1889, p.
275; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 114. Laedorusa analis Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 239.
Eight specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, all in the large plain of the Upper Kapoeas River, where the species is found in the jungle of aban- doned plantations and low forest. A female was obtained ou the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet grayish black.
Hab. From Tenasserim throughout the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Billiton, Java, Lombock, Borneo and Labuan. In Borneo it is a rather common lowland-species, in the North as well as in the extreme South of the island.
160. Laedorusa pluniosa.
Pycnonotus plumosus Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV, p. 567 (1845); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 198; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 152; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 114. Laedorusa plumosa Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 240.
Notes from the Leyden JMuseuin, "Vol. X.XI.
222 BIRDS OF THE
All adult female from Poelau ; another female, with nest and eggs, from the Upper Sibau River. — Iris fire-red, bill black, feet flesh-color. — The nest is placed in shrubs about three or four feet above the ground and consists of a nice and rather deep cup of rootlets, grass-stems aud broad leaves; its size is about that of a Finch's nest.
H a b. Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra and Borneo.
161. Laeclorusa simplex.
Pycnonotus simplex Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167; Sbarpe, Cat. B.
Br. Mus. VI, p. 153; id. Ibis 1889, p. 276; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 115. Laedorusa simplex Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 240.
A great series collected at Pontianak, Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Mounts Kenepai aud Liang Koeboeng, in the Sibau valley, and at Long Bloe, Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill black, feet pale brown. — This species is very easily mistaken for lole olivacea from which it can hardly be distinguished in color ; but it is of a considerably smaller size, the bill is much smaller and less stretched, and the iris is red instead of white.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where it is distributed over the whole island.
162. Laeclorusa pusilla.
Pycnonotus simplex (nee Less.) Bp. Consp. I, p. 263 (ex Kuhl M. S.
in Mus. Lugd.). Pycnonotus pusillus (nee Blyth) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 200 (1874);
Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. M. VI, p. 155. Pycnonotus Salvadorii Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 401; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 115; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 391; Sharpe, Ibis 1893,
pp. 547 and 551. Laedorusa pusilla Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 241.
A great number of specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, from the Sibau River and the Upper
Notes from the Leyden INXuseuiri, ^ol. X.XI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 223
Maliakkara, found iu the undergrowth of high forest. — Iris red (in an immature specimen brown), eyelid, angle of the mouth and nasal groove orange-yellow, bill black, feet fleshy brown, soles ochre. — This smallest of all the species of this genus is easily recognized by the orange- yellow eyelid, the sulphur-yellow under wing-coverts, ashy white throat (never tinged with brown or olive), the more slender and shorter bill and the small size.
Hab. From Teuasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
163. Pinarocichla euptilosa.
Brachypus euptilosus Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. IV, pi. Ill (1825?);
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 219. Criniger Suzanii (Mull.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 207. Criniger tristis Brügg. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. V, p. 459 (1877). Pinarocichla euptilosa Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 62 ; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 112; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 246.
Five specimens, collected in the forests on the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeug, 700 — 800 m. above the sea, and eight specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill black, feet dark grayish brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
164. Mesolophus inontis.
Ruhigula montis Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 247; id. Ibis 1889, p. 276 Everett, L. B. Born. p. 115; Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 433; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 892; Sharpe, Ibis 1894, p. 543.
Otocompsa montis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 162.
Mesolophus montis Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 248.
A single specimen, shot on the top-plateau of the Liang Koeboeng (1300 m. above the sea), in low forest. A very lively and noisy bird, constantly moving up and down its long black crest when in excitement. — Iris brown, bill and feet black. — This species is decidedly a mountain-bird.
Hab. Borneo: Kina Balu, Mountains of Sarawak (M*. Mulu and M*. Dulit), and Liang Koeboeng.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. X!X!I.
224 PIRDS OF THE
This species is the Boruean representative of M. fiavi- ventris from the Continent, from which species it differs by its smaller size and the want of black on chin and throat.
165. Ixidia cyatnventris.
Pycnonotus cyaniventris Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI, p. 792 (1842). Ixidia cyaniventris Bp. Cousp. I, p. 260; Biittik. N. L. M. 1895/6,
p. 249. Brachypiis poliopsis Bp. Consp. I, p. 264 (ex. Mull. MS. in Mus.
Lugd.). Ixidia paroticalis Sharpe, Ibis 1878, p. 418; id. id. 1879, p. 256. Rubigula cyaniventris Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 169. Rubigula paroticalis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 170; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 115; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 391; Sharpe, Ibis 1893,
pp. 547 and 551; id. Ibis 1894, p. 543.
Adult male and female from Mount Liang Koeboeng, where the species is found in the undergrowth of the high forest; also from Long Bloe. — Iris dark brown or gray, bill black, feet pale blue, soles ochre. — The above-men- tioned two birds are similar in every respect to four spe- cimens of R. cyaniventris from Sumatra and one from Ma- lacca in the Leyden Museum, so that I am absolutely unable to find distinguishing characters. Those mentioned by Sharpe in his above-quoted Catalogue do not hold at all in the specimens which I have before me. The larger size of the Bornean specimens is mentioned by Sharpe as the strongest argument for a specifical separation, but the following measurements will show that this argument does not hold with the specimens in the Leyden Museum.
Wing. Tail.
Borneo {Jt. paroticalis) 2,7 — 2,8 inches; 2,0 Sumatra [R. cyaniventris) 2,8 — 2,9 » ; 2,2 — 2,5 ; Malacca ( * » ) 3,05 ; 2,4
Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it was hitherto only recorded from Sarawak.
JN'otes from the Lieyden JMuseuxn, Vol. ^X.1.
|
Tarsus. |
Culmen |
|
0,6 ; |
0,55. |
|
0,55-0,65; |
0,6 . |
|
0,6 ; |
0,6 . |
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION.
166. Ixidia Webberi.
225
Ixidia squamata (nee Temm.) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 200; Sharpe,
Ibis 1878, p. 419. Ixidia Webberi Hume, Str. Feath. VIII, pp.40 and 63(1879); Büttik.
N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 250. Rubigula. Webberi Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 171; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 115.
Four specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koe- boeng, where it was found in high forest. — Iris red, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Sarawak and Central Borneo).
167. Brachypodius melanocephalus.
Lanius melanocephalus Gm. Syst. Nat. I, p. 309 (1788). Brachypodius melanocephalus Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV, p. 576;
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 201; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/96, p. 251. Micropus melanocephalus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 65 ; id.
Ibis 1889, p. 274; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 112. Microtarsus melanocephalus Sharpe, Ibis 1894, p. 422.
Seven specimens from Mount Kenepai, the Siniai Valley, Nanga Raoen and the Sibau River, and ten specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — A lowland-species, living in low jungle and in the undergrowth of high forest. — Iris grayish blue, bill black, feet grayish black.
There is, amongst my specimens, considerable difference in the metallic color of the head, which is steel green in some specimens and glossy purplish blue in others. The two specimens with the glossy green heads are a little larger and paler green than the others. These differences seem to be independaut from sex and locality. A young female has the head green like the rest of the upper surface.
Hab. From Tenasserim down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Labuan. In Borneo it is spread over the whole island.
168. Microtarsus melanoleucus.
Microtarsus melanoleucus Eyt. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 102; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 202; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 252.
Notes from the Leyden JMuseutxi, Vol. XXI.
15
226 BIRDS OF THE
Micropus melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 69; id. Ibis 1889, p. 274; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 112.
An adult female from the southern foot of Mount Ke- nepai and an adult male from Nanga Raoen, both shot in brushwood, and two specimens from the Upper Ma- hakkam. — Iris, bill and feet black. The adult female has the lower surface less dark brown than the male. An imma- ture specimen in the Leyden Museum, from Sumatra, has the upper surface earthy brown, the feathers being broadly edged with olive-brown, while the lower surface is olive- gray. The white patch on the wing is only indicated by a few white feathers.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Muller, Horner) and Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island. One of the specimens in the Leyden Museum was collected at Koetei on the east-coast and presented by Dr. Vorderman.
169. Hemixus malaccensis.
Hypsipetes malaccensis Blyth, J. A. S. Bang. XIV, p. 574 (1845);
Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 202; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova,
XIV, p. 221 (1879); Sharpe, Ibis 1879, p. 256. Trichophorus striolatus (ex Mull. M. S.) Bp. Consp. I, p. 262. Hemixus malaccensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 52; Biittik. N.
L. M. 1887, p. 63; Everett, L. B. Born. p. Ill; Sharpe, Ibis 1889,
p. 274; id. id. 1890, p. 277. Hemixus sumatranus Ramsay, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1882, p. 431;
Nicholson, Ibis 1883, p. 246; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova, XXV, p. 525 (1887/88). Hemixus striolatus (part.) Salvad. op. cit. XXXII, p. 61 (1892).
A great series collected on Mount Kenepai and Mount Liang Koeboeng. Found in the low bamboo jungle as well as in the high forest. — Iris brown, bill black, base of lower mandible horny white, feet grayish brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Central, Western and Northern Borneo. — Ramsay, and after him Nicholson and Salvadori (1. c.) have separated the Suraatran specimens from those from Malacca and Borneo under the name of H. sumatranus^ and later on (1. c.) Salvadori identified this
Notes from the ]Lieyd.en ]Museuiii, A^ol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 227
species with H. striolatus (Bp.), the types of which are in the Leyden Museum. Both Ramsay and Salvadori stated that their specimens from Western Sumatra differ from the Malaccan and Boruean birds in the following essential points: Upper surface olive-brown instead of olive-green, and the white-striped throat, chest and upper breast olive-green like in H. virescens instead of ashy olive. I regret to say that, after having looked over our material again and com- pared it with my Bornean specimens, I am unable to alter my former opinion (N. L. M. 1887, p. 63) as to the spe- cimens from Sumatra in the Leyden Museum. Our types of Trichophorus striolatus as well as the specimens collected by Dr. Klaesi in the Highlands of Padang have throat, chest and upper breast ashy gray with an olive tinge, while, according to Ramsay and Salvadori, they ought to be olive-green. As to the color of the upper surface, I must say that in our stuffed typical specimens it yields somewhat to olive-brown, but this very slight difference is probably due to their having been exposed to the light for more than fifty years in our galleries. Dr. Klaesi's birds are olive-green above like those I have obtained in Borneo.
Strange enough Nicholson, who described the birds col- lected in Sumatra by Mr. H. O.Forbes (Ibis 1883, p. 246), says that the Sumatran birds have throat and breast streaked with white as in H. malaccensis, but that the edgings of the feathers are olive-brown instead of greenish, and that the head is brown, characters which neither agree with those given by Ramsay and Salvadori, nor with H. malaccensis which has a green head and ashy gray edgings to the breast-feathers.
The birds described by Ramsay and Salvadori are col- lected on Mount Singalang at a height of about 1600 m., and near the Lake Toba about 1500 m. above the sea. Having never seen one of those green-breasted specimens from Sumatra, I cannot tell much about their identity with B. malaccensis^ but all our Sumatran specimens in the Leyden Museum, with the inclusion of the types of Tri-
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XX.I.
228 BIRDS or THE
chophorus striolatus, certainly belong to this latter species, as they cannot be distinguished from Malaccan and Bornean specimens.
170. Hemixus connectens,
Hemixus connectens Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 446; id. id, 1889, p. 273; id. id. 1892, p. 433; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 111.
Six specimens obtained on the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng, at an altitude of 800 m. above the sea. It inhabits the undergrowth of the high forest. — Iris grayish brown, bill black, feet gray.
Hab. The mountainous regions of Borneo. Whitehead discovered it on the Kina Balu, where it lives at an eleva- tion from 1000 to 2600 m. ; Mr. Hose found it on Mount Dulit and other Sarawak Mountains, about 1000 m. above the sea.
171. Trichophoropsis typus.
Trichophoropsis typus Bp. Comptes Rendus, 1854, p. 59; Salvad. Ucc.
Born. p. 203; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 71, p. 88; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 113. Criniger Bemmeleni Finsch, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 29.
A single specimen (cf) obtained at the southern foot of Mount Kenepai. — Iris brown, bill horny gray, feet gray.
Hab. Sarawak and the central region of Borneo with inclusion of Moeara Teweh on the Upper Barito River.
172. Tricholestes criniger.
Brachypodlus? criniger Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV, p. 577 (1845). Tricholestes minulus Salvad. Ucc. Born, p, 205, pi. V, fig. 1 ; Sharpe,
Ibia 1877, p. 14; id. Ibis 1879, p. 257. Tricholestes criniger Tweedd. Il«is 1877, p. 306; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br.
Mus. VI, p. 89; id. Ibis 1889, p. 275; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 114.
Seven specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koe- boeng; also from Long Bloe, Upper Mahakkam. Exclusively a forest-bird. — Iris dark brown, bill horny gray, feet yellowish flesh-color.
Notes fro n the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-FXPEDITION. 229
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. On this latter island it was hitherto recorded from the North- east, the North and the North-west.
173. Criniger gutturalis.
Trichophorus gutturalis Bp. Consp. I, p. 262 [ex. Mull. M. S. in Mus.
Lugd.] (1850). Criniger gutturalis Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 216; Finsch, Journ. f.
Orn. 1867, p. 15 (partim); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 206 (partim);
Sharpe, Cat, B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 80 (partim); Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 113.
A great series of specimens from Mts. Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, and from the Upper Mahakkam, where it is found in low jungle as well as in high forest. — Iris red- dish brown, bill horny blue, feet pale flesh-color.
Hab. From Tenasserim throughout the Malay Peninsula, Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo.
Wardlaw Ramsay (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1882, p. 431) described 11 Suraatran birds, collected by Karl Bock, as belonging to a new species, which he called C. sumatra- nus, and which would represent C. gutturalis in Sumatra. The material in the Leyden Museum evidently shows that C. sumatranus is a valid species, distinguished from C. gut- turalis by an olive-brown instead of reddish brown crown and a somewhat longer occipital crest, by more richly developed and pure white feathers on chin and throat, and by having the under tail-coverts darker reddish ochraceous. To C. sumatranus belong also the specimens collected by Dr. Klaesi in the Highlands of Padang and wrongly (see also Salvadori, Ucc. di Sumatra, in Ann. Mus. Gen. 1892, p. 61) mentioned by me as C. gtitturalis in N. L. M. 1887, p. 64, though their under tail-coverts do not diöer in color from those in our series of C. gutturalis from Borneo.
On the other hand I learn from the specimens in the Leyden Museum, that C. sumatranus does not represent C. gutturalis, but is found together with this latter species in Sumatra. Besides the typical specimens from
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "V'ol. XXI.
230 BIRnS OF THE
Borneo our collections contain two specimens of the true C. gutturalis from Sumatra, both collected by S. Muller.
As to C, sumatramis, our Museum is in possession of an adult male, collected by S. Muller in Sumatra and strange enough, of another, also of an early date, said to come from Borneo. This latter fact is the more strange, as from Borneo was already known a second species of Criniger, C. ruficrissus, which would take a similar position in Borneo as C. sumatranus in Sumatra. It must be left to later investigations to make out whether C. sumatranus is really an inhabitant of Borneo as indicated by that single specimen in the Leyden Museum.
Finsch (1. c), in describing his C. gutturalis after the specimens in the Leyden Museum, used as objects the male of C. sumatramis and a female of C. gutturalis, as we learn from his remarks about the female.
174. Criniger ruficrissus.
Criniger gutturalis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 207 (partim) i). Criniger ruficrissus Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 248; id. Cat. B. Br. Mus. VI, p. 81; id. Ibis 1889, p. 274; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 113.
Six specimens from Mount Liang Koeboeng, where they are found in high forest. — Iris blood red, bill horny blue, feet flesh-color.
This species is closely allied to C. gutturalis, from which it differs more strikingly than C. sumatranus especially in the following points: like in C. sumatranus the crown is olive-brown instead of rusty brown, the occipital crest more developed, the white feathers on chin and throat longer and purer white and the under tail-coverts darker brown. Moreover C. ruficrissus is somewhat larger and of a duller color above and below than both its above-mentioned congeners, being less lively olive-green but rather grayish
1) The specimen (N° 653), ranged by Salvadori with some doubts to C. gutturalis, though it is larger and darker above and below, undoubtedly belongs to the present species.
Notes from the Leyden JMuseum , Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 231
olive, the tail-feathers as well as the upper and lower tail- coverts are much browner than in the other two species. Hab. Restricted to Borneo, where it is not so generally distributed as C. (jutturalis, but rather an inhabitant of the hilly regions than of the plains and coast regions. It is a rather strange fact that two so closely allied species as C. gutturalis and C. rujicrissus were both found together at the same time in the forests of the Liang Koeboeng.
175. Criniger Diardi.
Trickophorus Diardi Temm. MS, Mus. Lugd.
Criniger Diardi Finsch, J. f. 0. 1867, p. 18; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 208; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 113; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 390.
A great number of specimens collected at the foot and on the slopes of Mount Kenepai, on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng, at Nanga Raoen and in the Sibau valley; also from Long Bloe on the Upper Mahakkam. It is an inhabitant of low and high forest. — Iris brown, bill horny gray, feet yellow.
Males and females do not differ in size and color. Birds in transitional stage of plumage have the secondaries strongly margined with rufous. A nearly fledged nestling, obtained on Mount Liaug Koeboeng, differs remarkably in having the upper surface, especially the secondaries and wing- coverts, russet brown instead of olive-green, the crown olive-brown instead of ashy gray, the throat yellow instead of pure white, the chest olive-green instead of ashy gray, and the rest of the lower surface pale sulphur-yellow. Al- though the plumage is quite downy, the long nuchal hairs are already strongly developed.
Hab. Restricted to Borneo, where it seems to be distri- buted over the whole island.
176. Criniger Finschii.
Criniger Finschii Salvad. Atti R. Acad. Torino VI, p. 128 (1871); id. Ucc. Born. p. 209; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mns. VI, p. 84, pi. 6, fig. 1; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 113.
iXotes frona the Leyden Miuseum, "V^ol. XXI.
232 BIRDS OF THE
Seven specimens collected in the forests of Mount Liau<T Koeboeng and sixteen on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris light brown, bill horny gray, feet brownish flesh-color. In some specimens the crown is conspicuously tinged with brown, but this variation seems to be independant from the sex. The male is constantly somewhat larger than the female.
Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, where it seems to be widely distributed.
177. lole olivace.a.
Me olivacea Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII, p. 386; Salvad. Ucc. Born, p. 210; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 111.
A large series from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, where it was found in high forest. Also from the Upper Mahakkam, — Iris white, bill horn-color, feet greenish yellow.
The immature bird has the upper surface, especially the wing, strongly tinged with ferruginous.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island.
Tiniellldae.
178. Eupetes macrocercus.
Eupetes macrocercus Temm. PI. Col. II. pi. 516 (1836); Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 367; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 388; Sharpe, Ibis 1894, pp. 421 and 542.
Two specimens (adult male and female) were shot near my station on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng, at an altitude of 750 m., and an adult male on the Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, bill horny brown, naked skin on the neck blue, feet dark grayish blue.
It is by no means easy to see these birds, as they are running along the ground in high forest hidden by undergrowth and protected by their brown color which
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 233
is much that of the dead leaves amongst which they are scratching in search for insects and their larvae. As soon as such a bird finds itself observed, it will rest motion- less on the same spot until it believes the danger to be over. This species is known from Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo. From this latter island it was unknown until a few years ago, when it was found by Mr. Everett on M* Penrisen, and by Mr. Hose on M* Dulit, Mt Kalulong and MtMulu.
179. Pomatorhinus borneensis.
Pomatorhinus horneensis Cat. Mus. Hein. I, p. 84 (1850); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 210; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 104; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 411.
A great number of specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng. Also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris pale yellow, bill horny white, culmen black on the basal three thirds, feet grayish blue, toes underneath ochre.
This exclusively Borneau species seems to be spread over the whole island, as it was already recorded from the South-east, the North-west and the North.
180. Stachyris maculata.
Timalia maculata Temm. PI. Col. 593, f. 1 (1836); Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 211. Stachyris maculata Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 538 ; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 105; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 414.
Numerous specimens from the Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, and from the Sibau- and Siniai valleys, and four specimens from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). A female specimen from the Siniai valley (at the eastern foot of the Liang Koeboeng) has hardly any black stripes on breast and belly, while a male from the same locality has the black shaft-stripes very strongly developed. — Iris from terra- cotta-yellow to yellowish white ; eyelid and skin on face and throat sky-blue to purplish blue, and a stripe on both sides of the throat cobalt-blue; bill black, lower man- dible pale blue, feet pale blue.
Notes from ttie Leyden Museum, "\^ol. XXI.
234 BIRDS OF THE
This rather quiet bird frequents low jungle and the under- growth of high forest, where it feeds upon insects.
This species is known from Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island, having been recorded from Banjermasin (Mottley) and Moeara Teweh on the Barito River, Sandakan Bay (Guillemard) and N. W. Borneo.
181. Stachyris nigricollis.
Timalin nigricollis Temm. PL Col. II, pi. 594, f. 2 (1836); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 212. Stachyris nigricollis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 535 ; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 104.
An immature male and an adult female with a nestling, all from Nanga Raoen, and ten specimens from the Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam). The younger bird differs from the adult in having the crown strongly tinged with rusty brown, a shade of which color is also to be seen on the abdomen and especially on the thighs; the white beard- spot is fully developed, while the white edging of the black gular spot is but faintly indicated. In the adult bird the white edging is formed by the lateral and hindmost black feathers of the throat having a rather broad and pure white subterminal band. The young bird seems to have no black on the throat, the extent of black in our immature bird being less than in the adult, and some of the lateral feathers being gray with a tendency of getting black, and showing a small central spot of white. — Iris in the adult bird red, in the immature one brown, bill in the adult bird black, lower mandible pale blue, while the latter is yellow in the younger bird, feet grayish blue.
The nestling has the entire head, neck and lower sur- face uniform sooty brown ; back, wing and upper tail-coverts chestnut. The white spot at the angle of the bill is fully developed, as also the white spot behind the eye.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo. On the latter island
Notes from the Leyden ÜMuseum , "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 235
it seems to be generally distributed, as it is recorded from tbe South, the North-west, the North and the North-east.
182. Stachyris poliocephala.
Timalia poliocephala Temm. PI. Col. II, pi. 593, f. 2(1836); Salvad.
Ucc, Born. p. 212. Stachyris poliocephala Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mna. VII, p. 534; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 104; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 414.
Two females from Mount Kenepai, two males from the Liang Koeboeng mountains and four males from the Upper Mahakkam. Living in brushwood and undergrowth of high forest. — Iris yellow, bill black, lower mandible horny blue, feet dirty green.
H a b. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Kina Balu and Mount Kalulong).
183. Stachyris leucotis.
Timalia leucotis Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 63, pi. 12. Stachyris leucotis Sharpe, Ibis 1878, p. 418; id. Cat. B. Br. Mus, VII, p. 537; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 104.
Four adult specimens from Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng. Males and females are alike in color. — Iris black, bill black, base of lower mandible blue, feet brown.
Hab. Malacca and Borneo, where it was, hitherto, only obtained in Sarawak.
184. Stachyris larvata.
Timalia larvata Bp. Consp. I, p. 217 (1850); Sharpe, Cat. B. Br.
Mus. VII, p. 534. Stachyris horneensis Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 449; id. Ibis 1889, p. 413.
A series of ten specimens from M* Kenepai and the Liang Koeboeng range, which are identical with one of Mr. Whitehead's specimens of St. horneensis from the Kina Bala. Comparing them with the types of St. larvata Bp. from Sumatra, I find that they cannot be separated from this latter species. It may be said that amongst our Bor-
Notes from the Leyden Museum, "V^ol. XXI.
236 BIRDS OF THE
neau series there is some difference in the shade of the rufous-brown on the lower surface, some specimens being darker, other paler brown, but this difference appears to be quite individual, having nothing to deal with either sex, season or locality. Especially the darker specimens agree extremely well with the types from Sumatra. — Iris brick-red, in some specimens pale yellow, bill black, angle of mouth yellow in a young specimen, feet pale green, soles yellow. — Lives in brushwood and the undergrowth of high forest.
Hab. This species is known from Sumatra and Borneo, on which latter island it has hitherto been found in the North (Kina Balu) and in the mountainous parts of Sarawak.
185. Staphidia Everetti.
Slaphidia everetti Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 447; id. id. 1889, p. 281; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 107.
Ten specimens collected in the forests of Mount Kenepai, at an avarage altitude of 500 — 600 m., while none were obtained in the plain at the foot of the mountain. All the specimens, probably freshly moulted, differ somewhat from the original description and also from one of Mr. White- head's specimens from Kina Balu which is at my disposal, in having the upper tail-coverts olive-gray like the back, instead of brown, while the central tail-feathers are broader and very dark brown or nearly black instead of earthy brown as shown by our Kina Balu specimen. — Iris brown, bill horny gray, feet flesh-color.
Hab. Restricted to Borneo, where it was discovered by Mr. Whitehead on the Kina Balu and afterwards found by other explorers on the mountains of Sarawak.
186. Herpornis hrunnesceiis.
Herpornis brunnescens Sharpe, Ibis 1876, p. 41 ; id. id. 1879, p. 257 ; id. Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 637; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 107; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 281; id. id. 1890, pp. 278, 290, 291 ; id. id. 1893, p. 550; id. id. 1894, p. 542.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseuixi, A'ol. XXI.
UUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION.
23?
Eight specimens from Mount Kenepai and the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng. Found in the undergrowth of primeval forest. — Iris dark brown, bill flesh-color, feet pale flesh-color.
Hab. Northern, Western and Central Borneo.
187. CyoModerma bicolor.
Timalia bicolor Blyth, Ibis 1865, p. 46; Brüggem. Abh. Brem. V, p. 460. Cyanoderma erythropterum Salvad. Ucc. Born, p, 213. Mixornis bicolor Sharpe, Cat. B, Br. Mus. VII, p. 581. Cyanoderma bicolor Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 105; id. Ibis 1889, p. 280, et vol. seq.; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 105.
A great series collected at the foot and on the slopes of Mount Kenepai, at Nanga Raoen, in the Siniai valley, on the Liang Koeboeng, and numerous specimens collected at Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris dark brown, skin of face and chin underneath the feathers purplish blue, on the sides of the chin more cobalt; bill black, base of the lower mandible pale blue, feet grayish blue. — A fairly common species, especially at an altitude of about 500 — • 800 m., living in jungle and the undergrowth of high forest.
Hab. Spread over the whole island of Borneo.
188. Cyanoderma poliogaster.
Stachjris poliogaster Hume, Str. Feath. IX, p. 116 (1880). Stachyridopsis poliogaster Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 599. Cyanoderma poliogaster Sharpe, N. L. M. 1884, p. 176.
A single specimen (Q) obtained on Mount Liang Koe- boeng. — This bird fully agrees with the description of the typical specimen, which was hitherto the only one known to represent this species, and is therefore new to Borneo. — It is a true jungle- bird, and was shot in thick rattan- jungle, close to the ground. — Iris red, bill horny gray, lower mandible reddish at the base, feet greenish gray.
Hab. Johore (in the southernmost part of the Malay Peninsula) and Liang Koeboeng (Borneo).
Notes from, the Leyden Museuta , Vol. !XX!I.
238 BIRDS OF THE
189. Mixornis horneensis.
Mixornis horneensis Bp. Consp, I, p. 217 (1850); Salvad. Ucc. Born, p. 215; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 107; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 416.
Tea specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Nanga Raoen and Poelau, consequently all from the lowland of the Kapoeas basin, and five specimens from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — If there is any reason to separate this species from M. javanica, it can only be based upon the somewhat broader dark stripes on throat and breast, though it must be said that in some of the Bornean specimens of the Leyden Museum these stripes are not broader than in some Javan ones. — Iris pale orange, facial skin pale blue, bill black, lower mandible bluish horn-color, feet grayish green.
Hab. Borneo, where it seems to have a general distri- bution.
190. Macronus ptilosus.
Macronus ptilosus Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 150 (1835); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 216; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 282; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 108.
Numerous specimens from the foot and the slope of Mount Kenepai, Nanga Kaoen, the Liang Koeboeng, from Poelau on the Sibau River and from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, skin above the eye sea- green, on chin and face purplish blue; bill black, lower mandible greenish, feet dark brown, soles ochre.
Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is generally distributed.
Field-notes of Mr. von Berchtold : » Man triflt diese zutraulichen und wenig scheuen Vogel stets in dichtem Busch zu zweien oder in grösserer Gesellschaft, sich von Ast zu Ast, von Strauch zu Strauch herumtreibend und nach Nahrung suchend. Ihr ganzes munteres Benehmen ist so possierlich, dass es eine Freude ist, demselben zuzu- sehen. Ihr Hauptlockton ist ein leises »fih" mit rasch hinter einander folgeuden kurz ausgestossenes »kuku-kuku-
Notes from tlie Leyden IVluseum, "V^ol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 239
kuku". Ausser dem Hauptlockton stosst das Manucheii zuweilen eiuen sehr eigen thiimlichen, meckernden Ruf aus. Das Nest findet man unter der dichten Krone gross- blatteriger, aber niedriger Baume im gemischteu Wald. Dieses hat die Grosse eines Eichhörnchennestes uud hat durch die zusammengefügten uud zusammeugerollten Blatter Seiteneingauge zu der Mitte des Baues der eigentlichen Lagerstiitte, worin der Vogel übernachtet. Ein solches Nest, das ich bei hereinbrechender Dunkelheit eutdeckt habe uud aus welchem fünf dieser Vogel flüchteten, fand ich am 15. Mai 1897 im Walde bei Lontopee am Koeteiflusse."
191. Turdinus atrigularis.
Myioihera atriyuhn is Temm. M. S. in Mus. Lugd.
Cacopiita atrigularis Bp. (ex Temm. M. S.) Consp. I, p. 257 (1850).
Turdinus atrigularis Blyth, Ibis 1870, p. 170; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 217; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 549; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 109; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 414; Büttik. N.L.M. 1895/6, p. 70.
Six specimens from the western slope of the Liaug Koè- boeng and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. — A terres- trial bird, living in the undergrowth of high forest and feeding upon insects. — Iris brown, bill black, base of lower mandible horny whitish, feet brownish flesh-color.
Hab. Restricted to Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island.
192. Ptilopyga leucogrammica.
Myiothera leucogrammica Temm. MS. in Mus. Lugd. Cacopitta leucogrammica Bp. Consp. I, p. 257 (1850). Turdinus leucogrammicus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 217. Ptilopyga leucogrammica Everett, L. B. Born. p. 110; Büttik. N. L. M. Vol. XVII, p. 72.
An adult male from the Bruny River (Upper Mahak- kam). — Iris reddish brovrn, bill and feet horny brown. Hab. Western and Central Borneo.
193. Turdinidus exsul.
Turdinulus exsul Sharpe, Ibis 1888, p. 479; id. id. 1889, p. 418; Notes from the Leyden IMixseum, "Vol. XXI.
240 BIRDS OF THE
Everett, L. B. Born. p. Ill; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 76.
Ten specimens from the western slope of the Liang Koe- boeng, at an altitude of 800 — 1000 m, — This species has quite terrestrial habits, living in the thick undergrowth of the high forest.
For the color of naked parts see my full description of the bird, N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 77.
Hab. Borneo (elevations above 800 m.).
494. Malacocinda Abbotti.
Malacocincla Ahhotti Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV, p. 601 (1845); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 230; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 79. Myiolhera concreta S. Mull. MS. in Mus. Lugd. Myiothera Schwaneri Temm. MS. in Mus. Lugd. Turdinus Abbotti Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 541; Everett, L.
B. Born. p. 108.
An adult male collected near Poelau, on the Sibau River. Living quietly in brushwood near the ground. — Iris brownish red, bill horny gray, feet flesh-color. As to this species see the annotations in my above-cited note.
Hab. Indian Continent, Malay Peninsula and Borneo. On this latter island it has beau found in the southern part on the Barito River (Muller, tSchwaner, Mottley) and by myself on the Sibau River.
195. Malacocincla ru/iventris.
Malacocincla ru/iventris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 229 (1874); Büttik. N.
L. M. 1895/6, p. 82. Ptilopyga ruficentris Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 585 ; Everett, L.
B. Born. p. 110; Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 338. Turdinus tephrops Sharpe, Bull. Br. Orn. Club, N». 10, p. 54 (1893);
id. Ibis 1893, p. 549.
A great number of specimens from the western slope of Mount Liang Koeboeng and one from the upper Sibau River. This bird is found along the ground in shrubs and high forest. — Iris brown, bill black, lower mandible horny whitish, feet brownish flesh-color.
JS^otes from the Leyden IMuseum, "V'ol. X.XI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 241
Hab. Mountains of Sarawak and Central Borneo.
(See my remarks about this species in N. L. M. 1895, p. 82),
196. Anuropsis malaccensis .
Myiothern poliogenys S. Mull. MS. in Mus. Lugd.
Brachypteryx malaccensis Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 402; Salvad. Ucc.
Born. p. 222. Brachypteryx poliogenis Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 93, pi. 31. Anuropsis malaccensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 588; id. Ibis 1889,
p. 418; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 110; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 84. Amauropsis malaccensis Sharpe, Ibis 1894, p. 543.
Six specimens and a nestling collected on Mount Kenepai, • six on Mount Liang Koeboeng, one near Poelau on the Sibau River and three specimens on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, lower mandible horny blue, feet flesh-color. The specimen from Poelau has the quills and tail-feathers broadly edged with rufous, which pecu- liarity is due to its immaturity.
In my above cited note I have already pointed to the difierence in color, probably due to the different localities, of this species. Having no sufficient material, especially from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, at my disposal, I cannot tell about the specific value of these differences, but I may be allowed to observe that our two Sumatran specimens have their upper surface browner than all our Bornean birds. Strange enough, there is no difference in coloration amongst my 13 specimens from different loca- lities, though both sexes are represented. Ail, except the above mentioned immature bird from Poelau, have the upper surface, with inclusion of the crown, olive, becoming more brown on rump and upper tail-coverts, while the tail-feathers are earthy brown and edged with rufous brown towards the base. From these the Sumatran specimens in the Leyden Museum differ in having the whole upper sur- face more ruddy brown and the tail-feathers entirely rufous. If all our Bornean specimens would be alike those men- tioned above, they could be easily distinguished ; there are,
Notes from th.e Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
16
242 BIRDS OF THE
however, two specimens from southern Borneo, belonging to the types of Myiotkera poliogenys Mull. MS., and two specimens from Trusan (A. Everett) with the tail rufous like in our Sumatran specimens; they have, moreover, the crown strongly tinged with rufous, which is not the case with my specimens from the Kapoeas-region.
Our specimens, both from South and Central Borneo, are, moreover, much more richly tinged with orange rufous on the lower surface than those from Trusan and from Sumatra. The nestling agrees tolerably well with the adult bird in color, but has the back and quills reddish brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where the species seems to be spread over the whole island.
197. Orthnocichla ^) Whiteheadi.
Orihnocichla Whiteheadi Sharpe, Ibis 1888, p. 478 (Kina Balu); id. id. 1889, p. 410, pi, XII; Everett, L. B. Born. p. Ill (1889); Sharpe, Ibis 1894, pp. 421 (Mt Kalulong) and 543 (Mt Muln).
Two females obtained on Mount Liang Koeboeng at an altitude of 900 m. — Iris dark brown, bill black, base of lower mandible whitish. — A very quiet bird, living in the undergrowth of the forest, where it is found hopping along the ground.
Hab. Northern, North-western and Central Borneo.
198. Trichostoma rostraticm.
Trichosto7na rostratum Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. XI, p. 795 (1842);
Bp. CoDsp. I, p. 259; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 562;
Everett, L. B. Born. p. 10; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 416; Büttik.
N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 87. Malacopteron rostratum Bias. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, XXXIII, p. 63. Brachypteryx umhratilis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 220.
Adult male and female (No« 1280 and 1223 of my collect- ing list), both from Nanga Raoeu, and shot on May 13^^ 1894,
1) This genus, though in a strong degree showing affinities with Anuropsis, ought perhaps to be placed amongst the Wrens.
Notes from, the Leyden. Museum, Vol. ^.XE.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 243
in the jungle of an abandoned plantation. — Iris reddish brown, bill black, lower mandible grayish horn-color, feet flesh-color.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
In my above-quoted revision of the genus Turdinus and allied genera, I have already called the attention upon the curious fact that the male (N° 1280) has the tarsi abnor- mally short (18 mm. instead of 25), although this abnormity cannot be ascribed to rhachitis or any other obvious dis- ease. This striking fact is plainly shown in the adjoined figures which my friend Dr. Finsch was kind enough to
Foot of Trichostoma rostratum.
draw for this purpose. The bird in question is in every other respect a true T. rostratum, though the shortness of the tarsi does not agree at all with the character of the genus, which latter is chiefly based upon the tarsus being half the length of the tail.
N. B. On his last journey on the Upper Mahakkam (No- vember 1898 to March 1899), Dr. Nieuwenhuis obtained seven males and eight females, some of which were imma- ture or still in down, but even the latter had the tarsus of normal length, i. e. 24 — 27 mm. A young bird, partly in down, has the upper surface, wing and the still very short tail of the same color as the adult bird, but the downy lower surface is dirty gray with a rufous tinge, and the base of the feathers white.
199. Trichostoma canicapillum.
Turdinus canicapiUiis Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 450 (Kina Balu); id. id. 1889, p. 415; id. id. 1890, p. 367 (Mt Peürisen), p. 433 (Mt Dulit), p. 547 (Mt Kalulong), p. 550 (Mt Poeh), p. 542 (Mt Mulu); Everett, L. B. Born. p. 108.
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseum, Vol. XXI.
244 BIRDS OF THE
Tricho^loma canicap'dlum Biittik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 89.
Three specimens from M* Liang Koeboeng (800 — 900 m.). Frequenting the undergrowth of high forest. — Iris brown, bill horny gray, feet brown. — As I have pointed out in ray above-cited paper, this species must be separated from the genus Turdirms and brought under Trichostoma.
Hab. Kina Balu, the mountains of Sarawak, and Central Borneo.
200. Drymocataphus capistratoides.
Myiothera capistratoides Temm. MS. in Miis. Lugd.
Drymocataphus capistratoides Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 16; Salvad. ÜCC. Born. p. 218; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 555; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 109 (1889); Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 415; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 91.
An adult male from Poutianak and another from the foot of Mount Kenepai, where it was found in brushwood, and five specimens from the Upper- and Lower Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, below white, feet brown.
Hab. Borneo (spread over the whole island).
201. Erythrocichla bicolor.
Brachypteryx bicolor Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 138.
Malacopteron ferruginosum Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII, p. 383 (1844);
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 228. Trichostoma bicolor, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 147 (1849); Bp.
Consp. I, p. 259 (ex Mull. MS. in Mus. Lugd.). Napothera rubicauda Bp. Consp. I, p. 359. Erythrocichla bicolor Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 551 ; id. Ibis
1889, p. 415; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 109; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6,
p. 98.
Two adult males, from the foot of Mount Kenepai and from Nanga Raoen ; also from the Upper Mahakkam. Ob- tained in brushwood near the ground. — • Iris pale brown, bill brown, below horn-color, feet flesh-color.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and the whole island of Borneo.
Notes from the Leyden IVluseum, Vol. XXI-
DUTCH BORNEO EXPEDITION. 245
202. Trichixus pyrrliopygus.
Trichixos pyrrhopygus Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 167; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 224; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 99; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 269.
An adult male and a female, both collected in March at an altitude of 800 m., in the high forest region on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng Mountain. — Iris blood-red, bill black, feet flesh-color. — The female looks much like an immature bird, on account of the fulvous markings on front and the sides of head and neck, but in looking over the specimens in the Leyden Museum, I find that the four fulvous- throated birds, which all are marked females, show the same characteristics, so that this might be the really adult stage of the female of this spe- cies. On the other hand I have to state the fact that one of our gray-throated adult birds, collected by Schwaner, is marked » female" on the label.
This species, which frequents the undergrowth of the high forest and is often seen hopping along the ground, is found in Malacca (Wallace a. o.), in Sumatra (a spec- imen from Padang in Mus, Lugd., collected by S. Muller) and in Borneo. On this latter island it has been recorded from the North and from Sarawak, while the Leyden Mu- seum contains specimens from Pontianak (Diard) and from the Barito Kiver (Schwaner and S. Muller).
203. Malacopteron magnum.
Malacopteron magnum Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 103; Sharpe, Cat.
B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 564; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 106; Büttik.
N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 102. Malacopteron majiis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 225.
A large series, obtained at the foot of Mount Kenepai and in the Liang Koeboeng Mountain, 700 — 800 m., where it is a rather common bird, living in the high forest. Also from the Upper Mahakkam. The males are a trifle larger than the females, and have a longer bill. — Iris red, bill blackish, lower mandible horn-color, feet pale grayish blue, soles ochre.
Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
246 niRDS OF THF.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is found in the South (Moeara Teweh), at the Sandakan Bay and in Sarawak.
204. Malacopteron cinereum.
Malacopteron cinereum Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 103; Sharpe, Cat.
B. Br. Mus. Vir, p. 565; id. Ibis 1889, p. 416; Everett, L. B.
Born. p. 105; Büttik. N. L. M. 1895/6, p. 103. Malacopteron magnum Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 226.
A great series obtained at the foot of Mount Kenepai, at Nauga Raoen, in the Siniai Valley and on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng, in which latter locality, at an altitude of about 700 — 800 m. above the sea, it is a very common bird, living in the undergrowth of the high forest. Also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris reddish brown, bill horn-color, base of lower mandible flesh-color, feet pale flesh-color.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo, where it is recorded from the North, the North-west (Sarawak) and the Centre of the island.
205. Malacopteron afjine.
Trichastoma a f fine Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI, p. 795 (1842). Napothera airicapilla Bp. Consp. I, p. 359 (Type in Mus. Lugd.). Selaria a f finis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 231. Malacopterum affine Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 569; Everett,
L. B. Born. p. 106; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 416; Büttik. N. L. M.
1895/6, p. 105.
Nine specimens obtained at Pontianak, at the Southern foot of Mount Kenepai, at Nanga Raoen (Mandai Valley) and at Poelau (Sibau Valley). Twelve specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. — This species lives in low forest, feeding upon insects. Younger specimens differ from the adult in having the quills and wing-coverts broadly edged with rusty-red instead of olive-brown ; a probably adult bird shows the peculiarity, already mentioned by Dr. Sharpe (1. c), of having the throat striped with olive-brown, while,
Notes from the Leyden IVIuseum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNFO- EXPEDITION. 247
as a rule, it ought to be uniform asLy white. — Iris red or reddish brown, bill horny gray, feet bluish gray.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo, where it seems to have a general distribution, as it is recorded from the South (by Grabowsky), from Laboean and from Sarawak. It seems to be a lowland species, but reaching up to 1000 feet on Mount Mulu (see Sharpe, Ibis 1894, p. 542).
206. Malacopteron halulongae.
Tiirdinm kalulongae Sharpe, Bull. Br. Orn. Club, N°X, p. 54(1893);
id. Ibis 1893, pp. 548 and 568; id. id. 1894, p. 542. Malacopteron kalulongae Biittik. N. L. M. 1895, p. 106.
An adult male from Mount Kenepai and another from Mount Liang Koeboeng. Obtained in the undergrowth of the mountain-forest. — Iris gray, bill gray, lower mandible whitish, feet grayish blue.
Hab. The mountain-regions of Sarawak and Central Borneo. Dr. Sharpe recently separated this species from M. magnirostre on ground of its dark crown and the want of dusky streaks on the throat. I may not neglect to say, however, that only in the specimen from Mount Kenepai the throat is entirely unstriped, while in that from Mount Liang Koeboeng the longitudinal dusky streaks on the throat, so characteristical in M. magnirostre, are rather distinct, so that our species differs in fact from M. magni- rostre only by the blackish crown. At the first glance one might be inclined to consider the specimen from Mount Liang Koeboeng as a valid different species on account of its striped throat, but the same peculiarity being found in the most closely allied M. arfine, I consider it more reason- able to unite both birds under one and the same species. In fact there are amongst the great number of sooty brown- crowned M. af/ine, which I collected in Borneo, many specimens with the throat plain white, while in others the throat is more or less distinctly striped with gray. These stripes cannot be ascribed either to the sex of the
JVotes Iroioi tlie Leyden Museum, ^'ol. XXI.
248 BIRDS OF THE
birds or to nonage, an immature specimen from Nanga Raoen showing no stripes at all.
The size of' both my specimens of the present species is inferior to that mentioned by Sharpe in his Birds from Mount Kalulong, but having not seen that specimen my- self, I dare not consider them as specifically distinct.
207. Kenopia striata.
Timnlia striata Bljtb, .1. A. S. B>'ng. XI, p. 793 (1842).
Myiothera leiiaistit/inn S. Mull. MS. in Mns. Lugd.
Tiirdiras/ris leiirnstic/iiia Bp. Coi sp. I, p. 218.
Kcri'pia striata S^ilvad. Ucc. Born. p. 2'23, pi. V, Qg. 2; Sharpe, Cat.
B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 573; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 109; Sharpe,
Ibis 1889, p. 416.
Three specimens from Mount Kenepai. A terrestrial bird, living in brushwood. — Iris grayish brown, bill black, feet pale flesh-color. — A nearly fledged nestling only differs from the adult birds in having the clear shaft-stripes on the crown more rufous than white and the crown itself dark olive-brown instead of black, and the rusty white patch in front of the eye is wanting, this part being of the same color as the crown.
Hab. Malacca and Borneo, where it is spread over the North-east, the North, the North-west and the Centre of the island.
208. RTiinomyias pectoralis.
Alcippe pectoralis Salvad. Atti R. Ac. Sc. Tor. 1868, p. 530. Setaria pectoralis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 233, pi. IV, fig. 1. Rhinomyias pectoralis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. IV, p. 368; id. Ibis 1889, p. 201.
Four specimens from the Liang Koeboeng and two from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, feet bluish white.
Hab. This species seems to be spread over whole Borneo, as it is recorded from the most different localities. In the Leyden Museum are some specimens collected by Schwaner on the Barito River and at Pontianak. Besides from Borneo
Notes f'rora the Leyden Museum, "Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 249
this species is hitherto only known from Sumatra, where it was collected by S. Muller.
209. Rhinomyias riificrissa.
Rhinomyias riificrissa Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 441; id. id. 1889, p. 200; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 131; Sharpe, Ibis 1892, p. 435.
An adult male from the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng. ■ — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet whitish blue.
Hab. Borneo, where it seems to be restricted to the mountain-regions. Hitherto known from Mount Kina Balu, Mount Dulit, Mount Kalulong, Mount Penrisen and Mount Liang Koeboeng.
210. Alcippe, cinerea.
Alcippe cinerea Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. XIII, p. 384(1844); Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 622; id. N. L. M. 1884, p. 178 (partim) i); id. Ibis 1889, p. 283; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 106.
Alcippe pyrrhoptera (partim) Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 234.
A great number of specimens from the Mounts Kenepai and Liang Koeboeng, where it is a regular forest-bird, feeding upon insects. — Iris gray, bill horny gray, feet gray.
Hab. Malacca, Sumatra (Leyd. Mus.) and Borneo, where it is recorded from the South (Schwaner, Leyd. Mus.), from Sandakan, Kina Balu and the mountain-regions of Sarawak.
Pittidae.
211. Fitta cyanoptera.
Pitta cyanoptera Temm. PL Col. 218 (1823); Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 9 and 82, pi. 4, fig. 1 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 235 ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 147; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 442.
1) In this paper Sharpe identified the specimens of Napotkera pliaionota Kuhl MS. from Java in the Leyden Museum with Alcippe cinerea Blyth. This opinion is decidedly wrong, as N. phaionofa undoubtedly belongs to Al- cippe pyrrhoptera, of which the Leyden Museum possesses a great number of specimens from Java and Sumatra. Salvadori (I.e.) mentions Alcippe pyrrJio- ptera, but I feel sure that a re-examination of his specimens from Borneo, if really obtained on that island, will prove that they belong to A. cinerea.
Notes froixi the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
250 BIRDS Ol' THE
An adult female, obtained in the mountain-forests of the Liang Koeboeug range, and a male and three females, all similar in color, from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris hazel, bill dark brown, feet pinkish flesh-color.
Hab. The whole south-eastern corner of Asia, Sumatra (Mus. Lugd.) and Borneo.
212. Pitta Mnlleri.
Pitta airicapilla (partim) Temm. PL Col. II, Genre Pitta, Esp. 6
(1830); (partim) Mull. & Schl. Verb. Zool. Aves, pp. 9 and 19;
Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 6 and 31, pi. 2, figs. 2 and 3. Pitta Mülleri Bp. Consp. I, p. 256 (1850); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 240;
Everett, L. B. Born. p. 149; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 443; Wbite-
bead, Ibis 1893, p. 499.
Three specimens from Sanggau, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet grayish brown.
Hab. Sumatra, Banka, Java (Coll. Vorderman in Mus. Lugd.) and Borneo.
Field-notes of Mr. von Berchtold: »Dieser scheue Vogel scheint nur dichtes üfergebüsch, durchmischt mit hoher Grasvegetation, namentlich aber die dichten Bestande der Elettaria speciosa zu lieben. Indessen kaun man seine An- wesenheit fast immer constatiren, da er mit Ausnahme der heissen Mittagszeit beinahe den ganzen Tag ein in kurzen Zwischenraumen wiederholtes »fih, fill" horen lasst". — Ich habe im Buschwald von Poelau bei diesem Vogel einen hübscheu Gesang beobachtet (Büttik.).
213. Pitta coerulea.
Myiothera ^oerulea Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 301 (1822). Pitta coerulea Everett, L. B. Born. p. 147.
One specimen from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill and legs brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
214. Pitta orcuata.
Pitta arquata Gould, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, VII, p. 340 (1871). Notes from the Leyden MuseuiTi, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BOKNEO-EXPEDITION. 251
Pitta arcuata SaWad. ücc. Born. p. 241; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 148 Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 441,
An adult male from Mount Kenepai and three females from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris grayish blue, bill black, feet purplish blue.
Hab. Borneo generally.
215. Pitta granatina.
Pitta granatina Temm. PI. Col. 506 (1830); Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 20 and 35, pi. 5, fig. 3; Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 242; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 148; Whitehead, Ibis 1893, p. 502.
Two adult females from Nanga Raoeu, and an adult male from Poelau. — Iris dark grayish brown, bill black, feet purplish blue.
Hab. Lowlands of Borneo, where it seems to be gene- rally distributed.
216. Pitta Baudi.
Pitta Baudi Mull. & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15 and 20, pi. II (1839-44); Salvad. ücc. Born. p. 243; Sclat. Cat. B. Br. M. XIV, p. 444; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 149; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 441.
Adult male and female (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 1899), Hab. Borneo.
217. Pitta Schivaneri.
Pitta Schwaneri Bp. Consp. I, p. 256 (1850); Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind.
Pitta, pi. 6, fig. 4; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 243 ; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 149; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 442. Eucichla Schwaneri Whitehead, Ibis 1893, p. 508.
Six specimens from the mountain-forests of the Liang Koeboeng range. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet pur- plish gray.
Hab. Mountain-regions of Borneo.
Hylviiflae.
218. Phylloscopus horealis. Phyllopneuste horealis Blasius, Naumannia 1858, p. 813.
JNJotes from the Leycleii ]Mu&eum, "Vol. XXI.
252 BIRDS OF THE
Phyllopneuste javanica et magnirostris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 244. Phylloscopus borealis Everett, L. B. Born. p. 96.
A number of specimens obtained at Smitau, Mounts Ke- nepai and Liang Koeboeng between December 8^^ and April 27tli, in low jungle. Also 12 specimens obtained by Dr. Nieuwenhuis on the Upper Mahakkam (Oct. 24'li to Dec. 23id 1898). Most of these latter have the feathers much abraded and the white tips on the wing-coverts in most of the specimens wanting. There is no difiereuce to be observed in the obtained specimens with regard to the date at which they were shot, but two of them, both shot at Smitau, probably younger birds, are greener above and tinged with yellow on the superciliary streak and on the throat and breast, while in one of them the greater wing- coverts are moreover tipped with white. — Iris black, bill brown, lower mandible flesh-color at the base, feet flesh- color.
This species breeds in the J^lorth of Eastern Asia and is only a winter visitor in Borneo, where it is recorded from North-west and North Borneo (Beccari, Everett, Ussher, Whitehead), and from Pontianak (Mus. Lugd.).
219. Phylloscopus xantliodri/as.
Phylloscopus xanthodryas Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 42; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 97; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 265.
A single specimen obtained on January 31** on Mount Kenepai. — Upper surface lively olive-green, lower surface and superciliary streak and under wing-coverts lemon- yellow. — Iris black, culmeu dark brown, rest of bill whitish, feet yellowish gray, tarsi brown.
This species breeds in North-eastern Asia and is, as it seems, rarely found as a winter visitor in Borneo. Laboeau, N. E. Borneo (Low, Treacher), Kina Balu (Whitehead).
220. Orthotomiis rii/iceps.
Orlhotomus rujiceps Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 309 (1831); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 248; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 279; Everett, L. B. Bom. p. 101.
Notes from the Leyden ^luseuxn, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 253
An adult male, from Pontianak, an adult male and female, both similar in color, obtained in May at Nanga Raoen, an immature male with red tail but the red on the head not yet fully developed from Smitau (Dec. 9^^) and a young male from Poelau, Sibau R. (April 15^^). Four specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. The specimen from Poelau has, in strong contrast to the adult birds, the upper sur- face olive-green and the white lower surface, and especially the sides of head and neck, very strongly washed with yellow. A few red feathers are making their appearance on the olive-green crown, while on the tail the red color is more strongly developed. — The iris in the adult birds is brick- red, the upper mandible brown, the lower whitish, feet pale flesh-color; in the young bird the iris is gray, the lower mandible yellow.
This species is found round the native settlements, very often together with the following species. In the jungle and high forest it was never observed.
Hab. The Indo-Malayan region, Java excepted, and the Philippines. In Borneo it seems to be a rather common bird over the whole island.
221. Orthotomus atrigularis.
Orthotomus atrogularis Temm. PI. Col. Ill, text in livr. 101 (1836); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 249; Shaipe, Cat. B. Br. M. VII, p. 220; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 102.
An adult male (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, 1899), exactly alike other specimens from Borneo and Billiton (Dr. Vorderman).
Hab. From Burmah through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Billiton and Borneo.
222. Orthotomus cineraceus.
Orthotomus cineraceus BIyth, Journ. A. S. Bengal. XIV, p. 589 (1845);
Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 279; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 102. Orthotomus borneoensis Salvad. Ucc. Boru. p. 248; Sharpe, Ibis 1876,
p. 41, pi. II.
A fine series of both sexes from Smitau, Nanga Raoen,
Notes fronx the Leyden jMviseuin, ^V^ol. XXI.
254 BIRDS OF THE
M^ Liang Koeboeng (780 m.) and Poelau. Five specimens were also obtained by Dr. Nieuwenhuis in the winter 1898 — 99 on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brownish orange, bill flesh-color, culmen dark brown, feet pale flesh-color.
This species has a rather wide distribution, as it is re- corded from Malacca, Sumatra and Billiton, and seems to be spread over the whole island of Borneo. From Java it is not mentioned in literature, but the Leyden Museum con- tains three specimens bearing »Java" on their labels. It is a rather curious fact that a specimen was killed as high up as my station on the slope of the Liang Koeboeng, the nearest human habitations being far ofi from this place at the bottom of the valley.
223. Burnesia superciliaris .
Prinia superciliaris Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 249 (1874). Burnesia superciliaris Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 206; id. Ibis 1889, p. 278; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 102.
A small number of adult and immature birds from Smitau, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau, Poelau and the Upper Ma- hakkam. — Iris brown, bill black (in young specimens yellow), feet and claws flesh-color, in some specimens wax- yellow. — It frequents the vicinities of settlements, where it is found in low brushwood and alang-alang fields.
H a b. This species is restricted to Borneo, where it seems to be spread over the whole island.
224. Acrocephalus orientalis.
Salicaria turdoides orientalis Temm. & Schl. Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 50,
pi. XX B (1847). Acrocephalus orientalis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 251; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 97; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 266.
A bird of the year, with dark shaft-streaks on the throat, obtained May 12tli at Nanga Raoen. — Iris grayish brown, bill brown, lower mandible flesh-color, feet dark grayish brown.
This eastern form of our A. turdoides breeds in Eastern
■Notes from the Leyden. Museuin, Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 255
Asia and passes the winter-months in Southern Asia and the Malay Archipelago ; in Borneo it is recorded from the North-East (Beccari, Everett, Ussher, Low, Treacher, White- head), Borneo (Mus. Lugd.).
Saxicolidae.
225. Cittocincla suavis.
Copsyclms suavis Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 185.
Xittacincla suavis Salvad. Ucc. Boru. 252; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 100.
Two adult males and a female, all collected at Nanga Raoen, where we found it in low forest, and three speci- mens from Poetoes Sibau, the Upper- and the Lower Ma- hakkam, collected by Dr. Nieuwenhuis. The specimen from the Lower Mahakkam is immature, showing some remnants of the brown-spotted dress of the young bird, especially on neck and upper wing-coverts. — Iris cofiee-brown, bill glossy black, feet purplish white.
The male N° 1254 and the female N° 1255 (matched) were shot near their nest (N° 1248^) on May 15*^ in an old, deserted plantation. The nest was placed in a hollow tree ten feet above the ground, and consists of a coating of dead leaves lined with rootlets, small feathers and the abdominal scales of a snake. It contained two eggs of a bluish green color, very thickly speckled all over with reddish brown. Size of the eggs 2,3 -|- 1,8 cm. As both eggs were already fairly set, it is very probable that two is the regular number of the clutch in this species.
This exclusively Bornean species is known from the south- eastern, southern, western, north-western and central parts of the island. In the North it is represented by the white- crowned C. Stricklandi Motley & Dillwyn.
»Ein ausserst gewandter, munterer, doch sehr scheuer Vogel. In stets aufgerichteter Stellung, doch unruhig, sieht er sich immerwahrend nach alien Seiten um, und mit stark ausgebreiteten Schwung- und Schwanzfedern, etwas bogen- förmig gehaltenen und stark bewegten Flügeln und wip-
Notes from the Leydea jMuseum , Vol. XXI.
256 BIRDS OF THE
pendem Schwanze, lasst er seinen scliönen, kraftigen Ge- saug, ausgenommeu in der Mittagszeit, den ganzen Tag mit grosseren und kleineren Zwischeuraumen im dichten Busch ertöneu. Dieser Gesang besteht aufangs aus leisen piependen, dann trilleruden raannigfaltigen, schliesslich starken und schwachen, souderbar abwechseluden, steigen- deu und fallenden Tonen, Derselbe wird aber noch schoner und angenehmer, iudem er zuweilen durch die Nachahmung des Gesanges anderer Vogel vermannigfacht wird. Er ist unstreitig der beste Sanger von Borneo und erinnert dem Gesange nach an unsern europiiischen Rohrsanger. Durch nachgeahmten Schlag wird man oft den Vogel augenblick- lich herbeilocken. Mit aufgebauschtem Gefieder und scheinbar kampfbereit erscheint der gestorte Sanger, um wahrschein- lich seinen Nebenbuhler aus dem Reviere zu vertreiben. Doch kaum hat er den Beobachter bemerkt, so ist der Vogel schon wieder verschwunden. Er sitzt dann irgendwo in der Nahe, still doch gut geborgen, und erwartet das neue Gepfeife, Dann aber beginut er zu trillern und zu schlagen mit solch mannigfaltigen Variationen, dass es ein wahrer Genuss wird, diesem Gesange zuzuhören. Der Vogel wechselt den Standplatz jeden Augenblick, verlasst aber den Beobachter nicht, sobald dieser zeitweise irgend etwas vorpfeift. Ich hatte die Freude, einen dieser Vogel das Mili- tarsignal »Vorwarts" in circa 40 Minuten gelehrt zu haben. Des andereu Tages hörte ich in derselben Gegeud den Vogel die neu erlernte Melodie, doch mit einigeu schonen Varia- tionen, pfeifen. Ich ahmte den Lockruf »fi, fi, fi", nach und pfiö darauf das Militarsignal, worauf der Vogel sofort erschien und der Unterricht von Neuem begaun.
Die Kayan-Dajaks in Mendalam (oberer Kapuas) zollen diesem Vogel eine ganz besondere Verehruug. Sie betrachten ihn als den Ueberbringer der Botschaften guter Geister. Soil eine Reise angetreten werden, so befrageu die Dajaks zuerst die guten Geister, wann sie dieselbe autreten sollen, um unterwegs auf kein Uugliick zu stosseu, indem sie den Aufflug des Vogels beobachten. Fliegt derselbe nach rechts,
I>ïotes from the Leyden IMuseuixi, "S'ol. XJXI.
DUTCH BOHNEO-EXPEDITION. 257
SO betrachten die Dajaks als ein günstiges Zeichen von seiteu der Geister. Es wird nun diesen zu Ehren eiu kleines Feuer angemacht uud in einem Bambusrohr etwas Reis gekocht. 1st der Reis gar, so nimmt jeder der sick an der Reise betheiligen will, eine Fingerspitze voll Reis zu sich, worauf der Marsch uuverzüglich angetreten wird in der festen üeberzeugung, dass wahreud der Reise keiu Unglück geschehen wird." (v. Berchtold).
226. Copsychus musicus.
Lanius musicus Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 307 (1822). Copsychus mindanensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 254. Copsychus musicus Sharpe, Cat. Birds Br. Mus. VII, p. 63 ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 99; Sharpe, Ibis 1893, p. 384.
A fine series of adult and young birds of both sexes was collected at Pontianak, Smitau (Kapoeas R.), Nanga Raoen (Mandai R.), Poelau (Sibau R.) and on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black.
This is the ooly species of Copsychus I met with in Borneo. Along the Kapoeas and its tributaries it is a com- mon bird in and round the native campougs, and we found it also very often in old ladangs (plantations) far off from any human habitation, and, when the water was getting low, on the exposed mud- aud sandbanks along the rivers, searching for worms and insects. It is a very lively bird and an excellent singer. Its breeding time is about April, but as I was collecting that time in the Liang Koeboeng Mountains, where it is not found, I had no chance to pro- cure its nest and eggs.
This species is spread over the whole Indo-Malayan re- gion, being known from Siam and Malacca, Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, West-Java and Borneo. On this latter island it seems to be less generally distributed than its black-bellied congener C. amoenus, as it was hitherto only recorded from Sarawak (Salvadori, Everett). As to the distribution of the present species on the island of Java, a series of 26 spe- cimens contained in the collection of Mr. Vorderman shows
Notes from the Leyden ^luseum, Vol. XXI.
17
258 BIRDS OF THE
that it is exclusively restricted to Western Java as far as Cheribon, while C. amoenus is represented in the same collection by 22 specimens, all without exception from Eastern Java.
227. Copsychus amoenus.
Turdus amoenus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 147 (1822). Copsychus amoenus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 255; Sharpe, Ibis 1889,
p. 270; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 99. Copsychus saularis (part.) Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 61.
A nearly adult male, still showing some gray feathers on breast and abdomen, and an adult female, both from the Upper Mahakkam (Nieuwenhuis). — Iris, bill and feet black. — Contents of stomach : insects.
Hab. East-Java'), Bali and Borneo, with the exception of Sarawak and the Kapuas-region.
Turdldae.
228. Myiophoneus horneensis.
Myiophoneus horneensis Slater, Ibis 1885, p. 123; Sharpe, Ibis 1887, p. 444; id. id. 1889, p. 269; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 98; Ch. Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 383; Sharpe. Ibis 1893, p. 550; id. id. 1894, p. 542.
A matched pair of this species (N*^» 986 and 1091), be- longing to the nest and eggs described below, were obtained near my station »Poenan-Grot", on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng Mountain, on April \A^^ and 23'^ (the female caught on the nest) and a second female, also adult, in the same locality.
As Dr. Sharpe already pointed out (Ibis 1887, p. 444), the first description of this species, by Mr. Slater, is made after an immature bird with the white drops on the lower surface, which reminds much the corresponding parts in our European Nutcracker. Dr. Sharpe considers the present species to be nearly allied with M. Blighi from Ceylon, but
1) See the distribution of the previous species.
Notes from tlae Leyden ]Museum , "Vol. ZKXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 259
it is wanting the blue shade of the latter on back and breast. As the learned author does not mention any further details about the plumage of the adult birds, it may be useful to give here a plain description.
Adult male: General color sooty black, somewhat darker on the fore-parts above and below; these darker parts are, especially when viewed under a certain light, more or less strongly glossed with purplish blue, the hind margin of each feather being of that color; lesser wing-coverts glossy purplish blue, rest of the wing throughout sooty brown, outer under wing-coverts white at their larger basal half, thus forming a small white area which is preceded by some purple-shaded feathers. Feathers on back, rump, flanks, breast and abdomen pure white over nearly their basal half, this color decreasing in extent on mantle and chest, where it is reduced to mere white shaft-streaks, while it is entirely wanting on head, neck, throat, upper- and under tail-coverts and on the thighs. — Iris dark brown, bill and feet black. Wing 14,4 cm.; tail 8,2; tarsus 4,5; cul- men 3,3.
Adult female: Similar to the adult male, but some- what lighter and showing, over nearly the whole plumage, a hue of olive- brown when seen under a certain light; the purplish gloss is less obvious than in the male, the pur- plish blue shoulder-spot, however, hardly less strongly de- veloped. It is also somewhat smaller tlian the male. The second female seems to be somewhat younger, being lighter brown and larger, its wings depassing in length those of the adult female.
A young male, to judge from its spotted plumage, is still browner and differs, moreover, from the adult birds in having drop-like white shaft-streaks on the sides of head and neck, on throat, chest, breast and abdomen and even on the under tail-coverts, the drop-like shape of these streaks being strongly visible on chest and breast, reminding our European Nutcracker. The under wing-coverts and the edge of the wing are almost entirely white. This specimen,
Notes from ttie Lieyden Miuseum, Vol. XXI.
260 BIRDS OF THE
collected by Schwaner in South Borneo and registered as a young male of M. cyaneus (Horsf.) is a little larger than the adult male.
This species was found near my above-mentioned sta- tion (784 m. above the level of the sea), at the foot of the high rocks which bear the top-plateau of the moun- tain and over which are dashing down a great number of waterfalls. Along the small rivulets fed by the water- falls and running through the high forest which covers the slope of the mountain, the birds were found running up and down the rocky banks or frequenting the thick underwood, uttering some soft, melodious notes and scratch- ing the ground and turning over dead leaves and other decaying matter in search for insects and small molluscs. In a narrow hole of the perpendicular rock near the sta- tion, about five feet from the ground, we found a nest of this species, and having shot the male, we a few days afterwards took the female, which had not stopped breeding, with nest and eggs during night-time. The nest forms a rather thick and solid construction of moss, and the cup is neatly lined with black rootlets and a few dead leaves, no mud being used in the whole nest. The length of the rather deep cup is 10, the width 8 cm., while the diameter of the whole nest is about 17. Directly behind this nest and even connected with it we found two empty and pro- bably old ones of the same size and construction. The hole being rather narrow and deep, I only succeeded in getting the two foremost, which are now, together with the eggs, in the Leyden Museum.
The two eggs — I had in vain waited for more before capturing the female — are rather long, slender and conical, their color is white with numerous minute pale reddish puuctulations, which are rather more concentrated round the thicker pole. Louger axis 4 cm., shorter 2,2.
From the fact that the two eggs already contained fairly developed young birds, and that during a weeks waiting no new eggs were laid, considering further that Charles
Notes froixi the Lieyden ^VIuseuEu, "Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 261
Hose found a nest of this species with two young birds only, we may fairly conclude that this is the full number of the eggs of a clutch.
Another (empty) nest belonging to this species, and of the same construction, I found very near the top-platform of the mountain, at an elevation of 1100 m., on a pro- jecting boulder of a hugh rock, being protected from the rain by an overhanging part of the rock just above it.
From all we know from the few collectors who hitherto chanced to meet with this species, it must be considered a highland form, living along small mountain-streams in rocky territory. Mr. Whitehead is the first to tell us about its nesting in crevices of rocks (Ibis 1889, p. 269), while Mr. Hose found his above-mentioned nest placed on a tree-stump.
This species is, up to this date, known from North and North-west Borneo and the Liang Koeboeng. The above mentioned young bird from Southern Borneo in the Leyden Museum is hardly collected at Banjermasiu as is mentioned on the label, but is most likely collected in the mountain- region during Schwaner's journey across the island from the mentioned place to Pontianak in West Borneo.
229. Erithacus cyaneus.
Motacilla cyanea Pallas, Eeise Russ. Reichs, III, p. 697 (1766). Erithacus cyaneus Everett, L. B. Born. p. 98; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 268. Erithacus cyaneus Hose, Ibis 1893, p. 383.
A small number of this species obtained on Mount Ke- nepai 1^550 m.) in January, and on the Liang Koeboeng (800 m.), March and April 2*1. This very nice little bird is found in high forest as well as in low jungle, very quickly running along the ground in search for insects, especially white ants and their larvae.
This species breeds in Eastern Siberia and passes the winter months in more southern districts of the continent and in Borneo. On this island it is recorded from Labuan (Low), Kina Balu (Whitehead) and Baram District (Hose).
Notes from the LejTdeii ]VIuseuin, A^ol. XXI.
262 BIRDS OF THE
Jflotacillidae.
230. Ilenicurus horneensis.
Henicurus borneensis Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 277; Everett, L. B. Born, p 100.
A small number of this species were collected on the western slope of the Liang Koeboeng, near my station »Poenan-grot",at an altitude of 700 — 800 meter, and another at a less considerable height on the Liang Gagaug (800 m.) south of Nanga Raoen. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet (claws included) rosy white.
This Bornean representative oi the genus Henicurus stands between the very closely allied H. Leschenaulti (Vieill.) from Java and H. sinensis Gould from China. From the first it differs by the shorter and posteriorly rounded white crown- patch, and from the latter by the narrower tail-feathers which are broadly tipped with white like in H. Leschenaultij while in H. sinensis they show a rather narrow, oblique terminal bar. Curiously enough the reddish wash on upper and under tail-coverts, recorded by Dr. Sharpe in his diagnosis of the Bornean species, is entirely wanting in all my above-mentioned specimens, these parts being pure white.
A young female (nearly full-grown) has the top of the head uniformly colored with the back ; chin and upper throat are white with a slight fulvous tinge, while chest and breast are sooty brown with white shaft-streaks.
As to the habits of this bird I have nothing to add to what is told by Mr. Charles Hose (Ibis 1889, p. 277).
Hab. Central, North-Western and Northern Borneo.
23 L Hydrocichla frontalis.
Enicurua frontalis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XVI, p. 156 (1847). Henicurus frontalis Salvad. ücc. Born. p. '258.
Hydrocichla frontalis Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 278; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 100.
An adult female from Long Bloe, Upper Mahakkam. —
ISotes Irom tlie Leyden IMuseum , A'ol. XXI.
DUTCH r30RNEO-EXPEDITl6N. 263
Iris browu, bill black, feet white. — Contents of stomach : insects.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
»Halt sich nur an den Quellbachen des Gebirgslandes auf und scheint das Flachland ganz zu meiden." (v. Berchtold).
232. Hydrocichla rujicapilla.
Enicurus ruficapiUus Temm. PI. Col. Ill, 534 (1832). Hydrocichla ruficaplUa Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. VII, p. 319; Eve- rett, L. B. Born. p. 101.
Numerous specimens, amongst which a nestling (Novem- ber 13th), from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bill black, feet and claws white. — Contents of stomach : insects.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Borneo.
»Im Gebiete des Kapoeas nie gesehen, doch im Gebiete des oberen Mahakkam kommt die Art ilberall vor. Sie halt sich mit Vorliebe an Waldbachen auf" (von Berchtold).
233. Motacilla jiava.
Motacilla flava L. Syst. Nat. I, p. 331 (1760); Everett, L. B. Boru.
p. 102; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 431. Budytes viridis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 260. Budytes cinereicapillus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 261.
Three specimens collected by Mr. Moret at Pontianak. Hab. A usual winter-guest in the lowlands of Borneo.
234. Motacilla melanope.
Motacilla melanope Pall. Reise Russ. Reichs, III, App. p. 696 (1776);
Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. X, p. 497; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 103;
Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 480. Calohates histrigata Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 259.
A male and four females (Dr. Nieuwenhuis, October 1898 to January 1899).
Hab. From Europe and Northern Asia through India to the Sunda Islands, where it passes the winter-months.
Notes i'vova the Leyden ]Museum , "Vol. XXI.
264 • BIRDS OF THE
Ploceidae.
235. Munia fuscans.
Spermestes fuscans Cass. Proc. Phil. Acad. VI, p. 185 (1852). Munia fuscans Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. '219; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 268; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 142; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 434.
Numerous specimens from Sraitau, Mount Kenepai, Nanga Raoen and Poetoes Sibau, where it is a common bird in the »ladangs" of the natives. A male and a female from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris and bill black, feet grayish blue.
Hab. Lowlands of Borneo.
236. Mmna brunneiceps.
Munia brunneiceps Walden, Trans. Z. S. VIII, p. 73, pi. IX, fig. 1 (1872); Everett, L. B. Born. p. 142; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 434. Munia atricapilla Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 265.
Four specimens from Pontianak and Smitau, and five specimens from the Upper Mahakkam. A common bird in the vicinity of human habitations and native rice-farms. — Iris black, bill grayish blue, feet black.
Hab. Borneo and Celebes (probably introduced in the latter island).
§turniclae.
237. Calornis chalybea.
Turdus chalyheus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 148 (1822). Calornis chalybea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 91; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 143; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 432.
Four specimens from Pontianak. — Iris red, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
238. Gracula javanensis ^). Corvus javanensis Osbeck, Iter. p. 102 (1757).
1) With regard to the validity of the generic name Gracula see Sclafer, Ibis 1892, p. 461 (foot-note).
Notes from tlie Leyden. IVIuseum, Vol. XX.I.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 265
Gracula javanensis Salvad.Ucc. Born. p. 274; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 132. Eulabes jai-anensis Everett, L. B. Born. p. 144; Sharpe, Ibis 1889,
p. 280. Meinatus javanensis Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XIII, p. 102.
Five specimens from Pontianak, Smitau, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Poetoes Sibau and Poelau; also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, eyelid alternately black and yellow, wattles orange yellow, bill coral-red with lemon-yellow tip, feet pale yellow. — Contents of stomach : soft fruits.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
Orfolidae.
239, Oriolus xanthonotus.
Oriolus xanthonotus Horsf. Tr. L. Soc. XIII, p. 153 (1822); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 277; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. Ill, p. 213; id. Ibis 1889, p. 185; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 119.
Male and female obtained on Mouut Liang Koeboeng, a female at Nanga Raoen, and three males and two females on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris blood-red, bill brownish red, feet bluish gray, soles yellow.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
Corvldae.
240. Platysmurus aterrimus.
Glaucopis aterrimus Temm. PI. Col. II, Livr. 57 (1825). Platysmurus aterrimus Salvad. Ucc. Boru. p. 279; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 85; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 146.
Three specimens from Poetoes Sibau and Nanga Raoen; also from the Upper Mahakkam. Living in high forest. — Iris blood-red, bill black, feet grayish black.
Hab. Lowlands of Borneo.
241. Platylophus coronatus.
Lanius coronatus Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 306 (1822). Kotes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
266 BIRDS OF THE
Platylophus coronatus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 280; Sharpe, Ibis 1889, p. 190 (ranged under the iaxnWy Prionopidae); Everett, L. B. Born, p. 147.
Garrulus rufulus Schleg. Handl. Dierk. I, p. 327; id. Mus. P.-B., Coraces, p. 66.
Eight specimens from the forests of Mount Liang Koe- boeng and one from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill grayish black, feet light blue. — This is a sacred bird amongst the Bahau-tribe on the Upper Mahakkam.
H a b, Sumatra and Borneo.
242. Corvus tenuirostris.
CoruKs tenuirostris Moore, Cat. B. Mus. Ë. I. Co. II, p. 558 (1858);
Büttik. N. L. M. 1896, p. 185 (Birds from Nias i). Corvus validus (nee Bp.) Sehleg. Mus. P,-B., Coraces, p. 29 ; Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 281; W. Bias. Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, XXXIII,
p. 63. Corone tenuirostris Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 246; id. Ibis 1889, p.
81; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 145.
Three specimens from Roema Manoeal, also from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris, bill and feet black.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sumatra, Borneo and Timor.
Treronldae.
243. Treron nipalensis.
Toria nipalensis Hodgson, As. Res. XIX, p. 164 (1836). Treron nipalensis Salvad. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XXI, p. 34. Treron nasica Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. I, p. 67 (1863); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 283; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 196.
Five specimens from Smitau, Roema Manoeal and Mount Liang Koeboeug, and one from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris golden orange, bare space round the eye pale green, bill yellowish green, base blood-red, feet blood-red.
Hab. From the south-eastern part of the continent through
1) Containing annotations about this and the other species of Crows from the Malay Archipelago.
Notes Ironi the Leyden JMuseuiii, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 267
the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Banka, Borneo and the Philippines.
I feel obliged, after a close comparison of all the ma- terials in the Leyden Museum, to unite T. nasica Schleg. with T. nipalensis Hodgs. "When describing T. nasica, Schlegel was not acquainted with T. nipalensis Hodgs., and in his Catalogue of Columbae, p. 55, he declares that T. nasica seems to differ from T. nipalensis only by its smaller size, but comparing the sizes of both species as stated by Sal- vadori in the Catalogue of Birds mentioned above, I cannot find any noteworthy difference. Salvadori, in his Catalogue says that the Malayan birds are smaller and duller than those from Nepal and Tenasserim, but these differences do not hold well in the numerous specimens before me.
244. Osmotreron vernans.
Columha vernans Linn. Mant. Plant, p. 526 (1771). Treron vernans Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 286; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 196; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 134.
Six specimens from Pontianak, Nanga Raoen, and Poe- lau. — Iris blue, encircled with pinkish rosy, bill horny blue, cere greenish yellow, feet purplish red.
H a b. South-eastern corner of Asia, the whole Malay Archipelago with Celebes, the Philippines and Sulu Islands.
245. Osmotreron fulvicollis.
Columha fulvicollis Wagl. Syst. A v. Columba, sp. 8 (1827). Treron fulvicollis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 288; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 196; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 134.
Two specimens from Smitau and Poelau. — Iris brown- red, outer ring pink, bill bluish green, cere coral-red, feet coral-red.
Hab. From Cochin China through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Nias, Banka, Billiton and Borneo.
246. Osmotreron olax.
Columha olax Temm. PI. Col. 241 (1823).
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "S^ol. XXI.
268 BIRDS OF THE
Treron olax Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 289; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 196.
Eight specimens from Poiitianak, Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Poelau and three from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris white, outer ring purplish rosy, bill yellowish green, feet red. — Among the specimens from the Upper Mahakkam there is a fine adult male (December 19tli 1890) in gray plumage, an aberration in color which is very uncommon among Trerons. It may be described as follows : crown, sides of head and the whole neck entirely gray ; forehead, chin and centre of throat more whitish ; back and shoulders entirely olive-yellow ; rump, upper tail-coverts, wings and tail gray, tinged with olive-yellow; under wing-coverts gray, lower surface of the body normally colored, but the orange- brown of the chest paler, thighs and under tail-coverts gray, faintly washed with pale rufous.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
247. Ptilopus jambu.
Columba jambu Gm. Syst. Nat. II, 2, p. 784 (1788). Ptilopus jambu Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 289; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 197; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 134.
Eight specimens from Roema Manoeal, Mount Liang Koeboeng, and Poelau. — Iris red, orbital skin gray, bill orange-yellow, feet purplish red.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka and Borneo.
248. Carpophaga aenea.
Columba aenea Linn. Syst. Nat. I, p. 283 (1766). Carpophaga aenea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 290; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 194; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 134.
Numerous specimens from Roema Manoeal, Nanga Raoen, Poelau and Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, eyelid crimson, bill blue, cere crimson, feet pinkish.
Hab. South-eastern Asia with Ceylon and the Nicobars, Malay Archipelago to Flores, Sulu Islands and the Phi- lippines.
Notes fronn the Leyden ]VIuseuni, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 269
249. CarpopJiaga hadia.
Columla hadia Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 317 (1822). Carpophaga badia Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 291 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 195; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 135.
An adult male from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris white, base of bill purplish, tip whitish, feet red. Hab. Malacca, Sumatra and Borneo ').
Columbldae.
250. Turtur tigrinus.
Columha tigrina Temm. & Knip, Fig. I, p. 43 (1808 — 11), Spilupelia tigrina Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 296. Turtur tigrina Everett, L. B. Born. p. 193.
An adult male from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris brown, inner ring pale yellow, bare space round the eye blood-red, feet red. — Contents of stomach : grass-seeds.
Hab. From South-easteru Asia through the Sunda Islands to the Moluccas.
251. Macropygia rujiceps.
Columha rujiceps Temm. PI. col. 561 (1835).
Macropygia rujiceps Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 298 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 193; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 137.
Four specimens from Nanga Raoen and Mount Liang Koeboeng. — Iris silvery gray, bill black, feet reddish brown.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
252. Macropygia emiliana.
Macropygia emiliana Bp. Consp. II, p. 58(1850); Everett, L. B. Born. p. 193; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 137.
I) Salvadori, Cat Columbae in the British Museum, mentions Java as a doubtful habitat of this species. The Leyden Museum is in possession of three specimens ex coll. Van Lidth de Jeude with Java mentioned as habitat, but no collector being mentioned, we may not depend upon the trustworthiness of this fact. The species is wanting in Vorderman's collection of Javan birds.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, "V^ol. XXI.
270 BIRDS OF THE
A female from Long Bloe (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris brown, bill brown, feet red.
H a b. Java, Lombock and Borneo, where it has been found in the northern parts of the island only.
253. Geopelia striata.
Columha striata Linn. Syst. Nat. I, p. 282 (1766).
Geopelia striata Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 298; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 194.
An adult specimen from Pontianak. Hab. Malay Peninsula, entire Malay Archipelago and the Philippines.
Gouridae.
254. Chalcophaps indica.
Columha indica Linn. Syst. Nat. L P- 284 (1766). Chalcophaps indica Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 299 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 194; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 136.
Four specimens from Roema Manoeal and Poelau, and seven from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris dark brown, bill coral-red with the basal part brown, feet red.
Hab. From South-eastern Asia, through the Malay Ar- chipelago and the Moluccas to New Guinea.
Phasianldae.
255. Argusianus Grayi.
Argus Grayi Elliot, Ibis 1865, p. 423.
Argusianus Grayi Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 305 ; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 197; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 138.
Seven specimens from Mount Kenepai, Mount Liang Koe- boeng and the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, bare skin on face and throat purplish blue, feet coral-red.
Hab, Borneo, where it is an inhabitant of mountain- forests.
JN'otes from the Lieyden Museum, Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 271
256. Lobiophasis Bulweri.
Lohiophasis Buhceri Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. His. (4) XVI, p. 73 (1874); Everett, L. B. Born. p. 198.
Four males and four females from Mount Liang Koeboeng and from the Bruuy River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris red, bare skin on face and the wattles sky-blue, hind edging of the erect ear-wattles in the fully adult male black, con- sisting of a very short, brush-like covering of scale-like hairs, bill horny brown, lower mandible horny blue, feet coral-red.
This bird is, like the previous species, very shy and living very retired in the thickest mountain-forest. Two of the above mentioned females were caught in snares by my Dyak huntsmen, and the same is said in Mr. von Berch- told's annotations about the specimens obtained on the upper Mahakkam. It is of interest that, while the occi- pital feathers in an adult male are steel-blue and rather short, they are, iu another adult male with still more de- veloped spurs and strongly developed testes (probably in the breeding-season) lengthened to a kind of crest, and reddish brown with black tips. This crested specimen has the wattles very strongly developed and, as mentioned above, the hind edge of the ear-wattles covered with a kind of brush-like hairs. As a rule, I suppose, the wattles will show the greatest development in the breeding season, the male with strongly developed testes and full plumage, obtained in December, has the wattles very long and broad, while in others showing signs of moulting and caught in October, have the wattles less fully developed. Besides the long ear- and baird-wattles, the adult males show a third pair of wattles, though very small, halfway between eye and nostril. All our fully adult specimens have chin and throat thinly covered with short black feathers. In adult males the spur is less strongly developed than in the genus Lo- phura, and not longer than 12 mm., while in the female the spur is only represented by a conspicuous knob. As to the
Notes from tlie Leyden IMuseuna , Vol. XXI.
272 BIRDS OF THE
number of tail-feathers, which is said by Sharpe to be thirty-two in the male and twenty-eight in the female, I can say that it is thirty in males and females. The outer- most as well as the innermost tail-feathers are shorter than the neighbouring one, while the seventh or eighth pair are the longest. The longer upper tail-coverts in the adult male are pure white and rather long and nearly halfway covering the tail-feathers. The wings are strongly rounded, and the primaries are surpassing the secondaries by not more than 10 — 20 cm, in the male, while in the female they are nearly covered by the secondaries.
Hab. The more elevated regions of the interior of Borneo.
257. Lophura nohilis.
Euplocomus nohilis Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 119; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 306; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 199. Lophura nobilis Büttik. N. L. M. 1895 (XVII), p. 175.
Two males and three females from Roema Manoeal and the Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam). — Iris red, naked skin of face and wattles blue, bill horny gray, base dirty reddish yellow ; feet in the males horny white, each scale edged with red at the base ; in the female the legs are yellow. — This species is an inhabitant of the thickest jungle and hardly ever seen by a huntsman. All our specimens, as most of the other galline birds obtained during the expedition, have been snared by the natives.
Hab. Banka and Borneo.
RoUulidae.
258. Rollulus roulroul.
Phasianus roulroul Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. II, p. 93 (1786). Rollulus roulroul Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 308; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 200; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 140.
A great number of males and females obtained at Roema Manoeal, in the forests of Mouut Kenepai and Liang Koe- boeng, and on the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris brown, naked
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, A'ol. X.X1.
I
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 273
pai'ts of the face blood-red, bill black, base blood-red, feet blood-red. In the female the red at the base of the bill is reduced to the angle of the mouth. — Most frequently found in bamboo-jungle.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
259. Melanoperdix nigra.
Crijptonyx niger Vig. Zool. Journ. ÏV, p. 349 (1829). Melanoperdix nigra Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 309; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 199.
Numerous specimens of both sexes obtained at Roema Manoeal and on Mount Kenepai. — Iris dark brown, bill black, feet grayish blue. — This species inhabits brushwood and high bamboo-jungle.
Hab. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Perdicidae.
260. Excalfactoria chinensis.
Tetrao chinensis Linn. S. N. I, p. 277 (1766).
Excalfactoria chinensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 311 ; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 200; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 140. Excalfactoria lineata Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XXII, p. 253.
Five specimens from Pontianak, Sanggau and Mount Kenepai, and two from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill black, feet yellow. — Plentiful in old and abandoned plantations.
Hab, India, South-east Asia, Malay Archipelago, the Philippines, Celebes and Australia.
Charadriidae
2G1. Charadrius dominicus.
Charadrius dominicus P. L. S. Mull. Syst. Nat. Anh. p. 116 (1766);
Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. XXIV, p. 195. Charadrius fulvus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 313; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 204; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 142.
Notes from, the Leyden. ]VIuseuin, Vol. XXI.
18
274 BIRDS OF THE
Three specimens from Pontianak. — Iris brown, bill black, feet gray.
Hab. America and Asia, migrating as far as Australia.
§colopacldae.
262. Tringoides hypoleucos.
Tringa hypoleucos Linn. Syst. Nat. I, p. 250 (1766). Tringoides hypoleucos Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 326; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 208; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 144.
Six specimens from Pontianak and Smitau, and five from the Upper Mahakkam. — Common in winter along the rivers and on inundated fields. — Iris brown, bill and feet gray.
Hab. Old world as far south as Australia.
RalUdae.
263. Rallina fasciafa.
Rallus fasciatus Raffl. Tr. Linn. See. XIII, p. 328 (1822). Rallina fasciaia Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 337 ; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 201; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 145.
A specimen from Pontianak and another from the Upper Mahakkam. — Iris red, bill grayish horn-color, feet coral-red.
Hab. From Burma through the Malay Peninsula, the Sunda Islands, Celebes and the Moluccas.
264. Amaurornis phoenicura.
Rallus phoenicuriis Forster, Zool. Ind. p. 19, pi. 9 (1781).
Erythra phoenicura Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 340; Everett, L. B. Born.
p. 302; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 145. Amaurornis phoenicura Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mu8. XXIII, p. 156.
One specimen from Smitau. — Iris reddish brown, bill green, base of upper mandible red, feet greenish yellow.
Hab. South-eastern Asia, the Sunda Islands and Ce- lebes.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseutn, "Vol. XXI.
DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION. 275
Ardelflae.
265. Ardea sumatrana.
Ardea sumatrana RafB. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII, p. 325 (1821); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 344; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 188; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 146.
Repeatedly met with on the banks of the Kapoeas River below Poetoes Sibau. No specimens collected.
H a b. From British India through the Malay Archipelago to Australia.
266. Buhulcus coromandus.
Cancroma coromanda Bodd. Tab], PI. Enl. p. 54 (1783). Bubulcus coromandus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 850; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 189; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 146.
An adult, pure white female from the Bruny River (Upper Mahakkam); not collected, though rather common, on the Upper Kapoeas. — Iris sulphur-yellow, surrounded with a white ring, bill and bare parts of the face lemon-yellow, feet ashy gray yielding to olive-green. — Contents of stomach: small fish and apparently a number of leeches.
H a b. From India and Ceylon throughout South-eastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago.
267. Ardeita sinensis.
Ardea sinensis Gm. Syst. Nat. I, p. 642 (1788). Ardetla sinensis Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 354; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 190; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 148.
An adult female from Pontianak (Moret). — Iris yellow, bill yellow with the culmen black, feet greenish yellow.
Hab. From Eastern and South-eastern Asia through the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines to Celebes and Flores.
268. Ardetta cinnamomea.
Ardea cinnamomea Gm. Syst, Nat. I, p, 643 (1788).
Notes from the Leyden ]Museuiri, "Vol. XXI.
276 BIRDS OF THE DUTCH BORNEO-EXPEDITION.
Ardetla cinnamomea Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 354; Everett, L. B. Born, p. 190; Sharpe, Ibis 1890, p. 147.
A male collected at Pontianak (Moret) and two females from the Upper aad Lower Mabakkam. — Iris yellow, bill lemou-yellow, ridge black, feet dirty olive-green.
Hab. From India and Ceylon through Burmah and the Malay Peninsula to the Sunda Islands and the Philippines.
Ciconiidae.
269. Melanopelargus episcopus.
Ardsa episcopus Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 54 (1783). Melanopelargus episcopus Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 356; Everett, L. B. Born. p. 191.
An adult male obtained near Poetoes Sibau by Dr. Nieu- wenhuis. — Iris pale yellow with an outer ring brown, bare skin round the eyes and on the throat Naples-yellow, bill dark red, feet vSienna-yellow. — Contents of stomach : earthworms of a species which is very plentiful in the mud of the river-banks. — This bird is not rare on the banks of the Kapoeas, but it is rather shy and not easily got within gun-shot. Some five specimens together used to pass the night on high trees dominating the low forest on the Sibau River.
Hab. Africa, Southern Asia and the Sunda Islands.
Rotterdam, September 1899.
Notes from the Leyden IMuseum, Vol. XXI.
INDEX.
abbotti (Malacocincla) 240. (Potamon) 139. (Turdinus) 240. abnormis (Picumnus) 166.
„ (Sasia) 166.
Acauthoiepis 39, 51. Acridotheres 2. Acrocephalus 254. Actaea 56. Aegithioa 219. aenea (Carpophaga) 268.
„ (Columba) 268. aequatoriensis (Homopterus) 33, 52. Aethopyga 212, 213. affiue (MalaeopteroQ) 246, 247.
„ (Malacopteruin) 246.
„ (Trichastoma) 246. affinis (Arachnothera) 216, 217.
„ (Menippe) 56.
„ (Paussus) 40. (Setaria) 246.
„ (Tchitrea) 201.
„ (Terpsiphoce) 201. africanum (Potamon) 139. afzelii (Paussus) 39. albicollis (Geronticus) 24.
(Tantalus) 24. albipes (Technomyrmex) 51. alboniger (Nisaetus) 153. „ (Spizaetus) 153.
Alcedinidae 178. Alcedo 178. Alcippe 248, 249. Alophonerpes 165. Alseonax 191. Aniauropsis 241. Amaurornis 274. amicta (Nyctiornis) 178. amictus (Merops) 178. amoenus (Copsychus) 257, 258.
amoenus (Turdus) 258. amphinonie (Sesarma) 55, 133, 144. analis (Laedorusa) 221.
„ (Pycnonotus) 221.
„ (Turdus) 221. anchietae (Potamon) 139. andamanensis (Eulabes) 16.
(Gracula) 16, 22. „ (Mainatus) 16.
andersonianum (Potamon) 139. andreae (Paussus) 46. angustifrons (Potamon) 125, 134,
139. angustifrons (Sesarma) 144. Anorrhinus 173. Anthracoceros 174. Anthreptes 214, 215. Anuropsis 241, 242. Arachnocestra 218. Arachnophila 214. Arachnoraphis 216, 217, 218. Arachnothera 216, 217. archipelagicus (Indicator) 167. arcuata (Pitta) 250, 251. Ardea 275. Ardeidae 275. ardens (Pericrocotus) 203. Ardetta 275. Argus 270. Argusianus 270. armata (Menippe) 55. armatus (Paussus) 40.
„ (Pelaeus) 56. arquata (Pitta) 250. Artamidae 203. Artamides 204. Artamus 203. artifrons (Potamon) 139. asiatica (AJcedo) 179. aterrimus (Glaucopis) 265.
„ (Platysmurus) 265. Athene 155.
278
INDEX.
atkinsonianum (Potamon) 139. atricapilla (Munia) 261.
(Napothera) 246.
(Pitta) 250. atrigularis (Cacopitta) 239.
(Myiothera) 239.
(Ortliotomus) 253.
(Turdinus) 239. atrogularis (Ortliotomus) 253. aubryi (Potamon) 139. aurantium (Potamon) 139. auritus (Batrachostomus) 186. (lyugipicus) 162. „ (Tripsurus) 162. austeuiauum (Potamon) 54,105,139. azurea (Hypothymis) 199. „ (Muscicapa) 199.
baclia (Falco) 152.
„ (Spilornis) 152. badia (Carpophaga) 269.
„ (Strix) 155. badiosus (Micropternus) 166.
(Miglyptes) 166. badius (Phodilus) 155. ballayi (Potamon) 139. banyumas (Cyoruis) 196.
(Siphia) 195—197. basalis (Chalcococcyx) 167. Basileornis 4. Batrachostomus 185, 186. batueusis (Gracula) 3, 11, 14, 22. baudi (Pitta) 251. bayonianum (Potamon) 139. Baza 153. beccariana (Cyornis) 199.
„ (Siphia) 199.
belangeri (Menippe) 56. bemmeleni (Criniger) 228. bengaleusis (Alcedo) 178. Benhamia 27. berardi (Potamon) 139. Berenicornis 177. bicolor (Brachypteryx) 244.
„ (Cyauoderma) 237.
„ (Erythrocichla) 244.
„ (Mixoruis) 237. (Timalia) 237.
„ (ïrichostoma) 244. bicristata (Geothelphusa) 144. bicristatum (Geothelphusa) 55.
(Potamon) 55, 127, 131,
139. bipartitum (Potamon) 139. bistrigata (Calobates) 263. blighi (Myiophoneus) 258.
borealis (Phyllopneuste) 251.
(Phylloscopus) 251, 252. borneense (Giaucidium) 155.
(Perithelphusa) 55. 71, 142. borneense (Potamon) 53 — 55, 70, 71,
77, 86, 124. borneensis (Baza) 153.
(Chotorhea) 158. „ (Henicurus) 262.
(Melias) 170. (Mixornis) 238. „ (Myiophoneus) 258.
(Nmox) 154. „ (Pomatorhinus) 233.
(Rhopodytes) 170. (Stachyris) 235. (Thelphusa) 71. borneoensis (Orthotomus) 253. bottegoi (Potamon) 139. bowringi (Paussus) 44. brachyphorus (Dissemurus) 205. Brachypodidae 221. Brachypodius 225. Brachypteryx 241. Brachypus 223, 224. Brachyura 53.
branickii (Theristicus) 23, 25, 26. brasiliensis (Homopterus) 34. braunsi (Paussus) 50. brazzae (Parathelphusa) 142. brevicarinata (Parathelphusa) 142. brevimarginata (Potamon) 140. brunneiceps (Munia) 264. brunnescens (Herpornis) 236. Bubo 154. Bubonidae 154. Bubulcus 275. Buceros 173—177. Bucerotidae 173. Budytes 263.
bulweri (Lobiophasis) 271. biirgeri (Geothelphusa) 55, 121, 144. „ (Potamon) 55, 121, 126, 139. burmeisteri (Paussus) 50. Burnesia 254. büttikoferi (Perithelphusa) 55, 80,
142, 143. büttikoferi (Potamon) 55, 80.
C.
Cacomantis 168, 169. Cacopitta 239. Callialcyon 181. callianira (Potamon) 139. Callolophus 164. Calobates 173, 263.
INDEX.
279
L Calorhamphus 162.
■ Caloruis 264;.
■ Calyptomena 151, 182, 183. B Canipepliagidao 203.
■ cam pi (Parathelphusa) 142. Cancroina 275.
cauica|)illum (Trichostoma) 243, 244. cauicapillus (Tiinliuus) 243. caooririus (Cuculus) 170. cautatrix (Muscicapa) 195, 196. capeusis (Acaiitholepis) 39, 51.
(Pheidole) 50. capistratoides (Drymocataphus) 244,
„ (Myiothera) 244.
capitalis (Hemipus) 206, 207. Capit.onidae 158. Caprimul^idae 185. Caprimulgus 187. Carciaeiites 182. Caridagrus 181. carinifeniin (Potamon) 139. Carpococcyx 173. Carpopliaga 268, 269. caudatus (Theristicus) 33, 24, 26. Ceblepyris 204. celebease (Potamon) 139. Ceutrococcyx 173. Centropus 173. Cerapterus 34, 35. Certhia 211, 213, 214. ceylonensis (Culicicapa) 200.
(Platyrhynchus) 200. Ceyx 180. Chaetura 189. Chalcococcyx 167. Chalcoparia 215. Chalcophaps 270. Chalcostetha 213. clialybea (Caloruis) 264. chalybeus (Tardus) 264. chaperi (Parathelphusa) 142. Charadriidae 273. Charadrius 273. chavanesi (Parathelphusa) 142. chilense (Potamon) 139. chinensis (Excalfactoria) 273.
(Tetrao) 273. chlorophaea (Rhinortha) 170. chlorophaeus (Cuculus) 170. Chloropsis 219, 220. Chotorhea 158. Chrysococcyx 167. Chrysocolaptes 162. chrysogenys (Arachnothera) 217.
»Chrysophlegma 164. chrysopogon (Chotorhea) 158. chrysopsis (Chotorhea) 158.
chrysopsis (Megalaema) 158. chrysorrhoeuni (Dicaeum) 211. Ciccaba 154. Ciconiidae 276. cilipes (Paussus) 40. cineraceus (Orthotomus) 253. cinerea (Alcippe) 249. cinereicapillus (Budytes) 263. cinereum (Malacopteron) 246. cinnamomea (Ardea) 275.
(Ardetta) 275, 276. Ciunyris 2 J 3. Cittocincla 255. Coccystes 170. cochloarius (Paussus) 51. coerulea (Myiothera) 250.
(Pitta) 250. coeruleata (Schwaneria) 197.
(Siphia) 195, 197, 198. coerulescens (Hierax) 151.
„ (Microhierax) 151.
cognatus (Paussus) 40. CoUocalia 188. Columba 267, 268. columbianus (Theristicus) 23, 26. Columbidae 269. comata (Dendrochelidou) 189.
(Macropteryx) 189. comatus (Anorrhiuus) 177. „ (Berenicornis) 177. „ (Buceros) 177. (Cypselus) 189. concolor (Cerapterus) 35. concreta (Dacelo) 181.
(Myiothera) 240. (Siphia) 192, 194. concretus (Caridagrus) 181. (Halcyon) 181. „ (Hemicercus) 163.
counectens (Hemixus) 151, 228. consobrinum (Potamon) 55, 98, 99,
104, 139, 143, 144. convexa (Hydrocissa) 174. „ (Menippe) 55, 67. „ (Parathelphusa) 142. convexus (Anthracoceros) 174.
„ (Buceros) 174.
Copsychus 255—258. Coracias 182, 185. Coracidae 182. corallipes (Dendrophila) 208. corethrurus (Pontoscolex) 27. cornutus (Batrachostomus) 186.
(Podargus) 185. coromanda (Alcedo) 181.
(CalUalcyon) 181. „ (Cancroma) 275.
280
INDEX.
coromanda (Halcyon) "I SI. coromanda riifa (Halcyon) 181. coromaudus (Bubuleus) 275. „ (Coccystes) 170.
(Cuculus) 170. (Halcyon) 181. coronatus (Lanius) 265.
(Platylophus) 265, 266. Corone 266.
corrugatum (Potamon) 139. corrugatus (Buceros) 176.
„ (Cranorrhiniis) 176.
Corvidae 265. Corvus 264, 266. Corydon ]85. Cranorrhinus 176. crassirostris (Arachnocestra) 218. „ (Araclmoraphis) 218.
(Araclmothera) 218. crassum (Potamon) 139. crenulifera (Parathelphusa) 142. Criniger 223, 228—231. criniger (Brachypodius) 228. (Irena) 204, 205. (Tricholestes) 228. cristatum (Potamon) 139. Cryptonyx 273. Cuculidae 167. cucuUatus (Paussus) 50. Cuculus 167, 168, 170. Culicicapa 200. eulminata (Ceblepyris) 204.
(Lalage) 204. culminis (Benhamia) 29. cultratus (Paussus) 51. cumingii (Menippe) 57.
(Potamon) 139. cunicularis (Potamon) 139. curtisi (Paassus) 42, 50. cyanea (Irena) 204.
(Motacilla) 261. (Siphia) 192. cyaneus (Erithacus) 261.
„ (Myiophoneus) 260. cyaniventris (Ixidia) 224.
(Pycnonotus) 224. (Rubigula) 224. Cyauoderma 147, 237. cyanomelaena (Niltava) 192.
„ (Xanthopygia) 192.
cyanomelana (Muscicapa) 191.
„ (Xanthopygia) 191.
cyanopogon (Chloropsis) 220. (Phyllornis) 220. cyanopolia (Cyoruis) 195. Cyanops 151, 159—161. cyanoptera (Pitta) 249.
Cymborhynchus 184. Cyornis 194. Cypselidae 187. Cypselus 187. Cyrtostomus 213
D.
Dacelo 181.
dayana (Parathelphusa) 142. decazei (Potamon) 139. dehaani (Potamon) 127, 131, 139. Dendrocheiidon 188. Dendrophila 208. Dendropicus 163. denoiti (Cerapterus) 36. dentieulaturn (Potamon) 139. denticulatus (Paussus) 44. depiessum (Potamon) 139. diardi (Criniger) 231.
„ (Harpactes) 156.
„ (Pyrotrogon) 156.
„ (Trichopliorus) 231.
„ (Trogou) 156. Dicaeidae 209. Dicaeum 210, 211, 212. Dicrui-idae 205. Dicrurus 205. difforme (Potamon) 140. dillwynni (Ceyx) 180. Dissemurus 205. dominicus (Charadrius) 273. Drymocataphus 244. Drymophila 202. Dryocoecyx 172. dubia (Gracula) 19, 20, dubium (Philentoma) 203.
(Potamon) 140. dubius (Mainatus) 20. dumonti (Gracula) 4. duplicidens (Myomenippe) 56, 60. duvauceli (Bucco) 161. „ (Mesobucco) 161.
„ (Xantholaema) 161.
duvaueelii (Harpactes) 157. „ (Pyrotrogon) 157.
„ (Trogon) 157.
E.
edwardsi (Parathelphusa) 142.
(Potamon) 140. elegans (Cyornis) 195. „ (Muscicapa) 195.
(Siphia) 195, 196, 197. Elettaria 250. elizabcthae (Paussus) 50. emarginatum (Potamon) 140. emiliana (Macropygia) 269.
INDEX.
281
eraini (Potamon) 140. enganensis (Gracula) 11. Enicuvus 262, 263. enodis (Potamou) 140. Entomobia 181. episcopus (Ardea) 276.
„ (Melanopelargus) 27G.
Episesarma 133. Erithacus 261. Erytiira 274. Erythrocichla 244. erytlirognathus (Phoenicophaes)
171. erytlirognathus (Ramphococcyx)17 1 ,
172. erytlirognathus (Rhopodytes) 171.
„ (Urococcyx) 171.
Erythromyias 19], erytliropterum (Cyauoderma) 237. Eucichla 251. euerythra (Ceyx) 180. Eulahes 4, 265. Eupetes 232. Euplocomus 272. eupogon (Aethopyga) 213. euptilosa (Pinarocichla) 223. euptilosus (Bracliypus) 223. eurycercus (Centrocoecyx) 173. Eurylaemidae 182. Eiirylaenius 183. Eurystoiuus 182. euryzona (Alcedo) 179. everetti (Arachnoraphis) 216.
,j (Arachnothera) 216.
„ (Piprisoma) 210.
(Prionochiius) 210. (Siphia) 192.
„ (Staphidia) 151, 236. Excalfaetoria 273. eximius (Mesobucco) 162. exsul (Turdinulus) 151, 239. eytoni (Arachnothera) 218.
W.
Ealco 151. Falconidae 151. fasciata (Rallina) 274. fasciatus (Rallus) 274. feae (Parathelpliusa) 142. ferruginosum (Malacopteron) 244. üchteli (Paussus) 44. finschii (Criniger) 231. flamraeum (Dicaeum) 211. flava (Motacilla) 263. flavigaster (Antlireptes) 218.
„ (Arachnoraphis) 218.
flavigastra (Arachnoraphis) 218.
flaviventris (Mesolophus) 224. Üuviatile (Potamon) 140. fluviatilis (Thelpliusa) 100. forcli (Technomyrmex) 51. fornasinii (Galeue) 57- (Menippe) 57- „ (Myomenippe) 54, 56, 57.
fringillaris (Faico) 151. fringiliarius (Mierohierax) 151. frontalis (Enicurus) 262. „ (Henicurus) 262. (Hydrocichla) 262. fuciphaga (Collocalia) 188.
(flirundo) 188. fugax (Cuculus) 169.
„ (Hierococcyx) 169. fuliginosus (Calorhamphus) 162.
„ (Micropogon) 162.
fulvicollis (Columba) 267. „ (Osniotrerou) 267.
(Treron) 267- fulvus (Charadrius) 273. fuscans (Mania) 264. „ (Spermestes) 264.
O.
Galene 57.
galeritus (Anorrhinus) 173.
(Buceros) 173. galgulus (Loriculus) 156.
„ (Psittacus) 156. Garrulus 266. Gauropicoides 165. Gecinus 163. Geopeiia 270. Geothelphusa 54, 70, 139. germari (Paussus) 42, 43. Geronticus 24. gigantea (Chaetura) 189. giganteus (Cypselus) 189.
„ (Hirundinapus) 189.
Glaucidium 155. Glaucopis 265. goudoti (Potamon) 140. gourdini (Pycnonotus) 221. Gouridae 270. gracilipes (Metopograpsns) 55, 132.
„ (Potamou) 138.
gracilis (Buceros) 176. Gracula 1, 264. grammithorax (Miglyptes) 165.
„ (Phaiopicas) 165.
granatina (Pitta) 251. grandidieri (Paussus) 43, 48, 52. granosum (Potamon) 140. granulatum (Potamon) 140. granulatus (Paussus) 50.
282
INDEX.
granulosa (Menippe) 56, 58. granulosiim (Potamou) 138. grapsoidcs (Potamon) 140. Graucalus 204. grayi (Argus) 270.
„ (Argusianus) 270. giierini (Potaraon) HO. gularis (Lanius) 208. „ (Muscicapa) 192. „ (Khinoniyias) 193. (Teplirodoruis) 208. gutturalis (Criniger) 229, 230, 231. (Hirundo) 190. „ (Tricliophorus) 229.
hainana (Gracula) 21. hainanus (Eulabes) 21.
„ (Maiuatus) 21. Halcyon 181. Haliastur 153.
hardwickii (Myoinenippe) 56. Harpactes 147, 156, 157. harterti (Batrachostomus) 180, 187. hasselti (Ciunyris) 213.
„ (Nectariuia) 213.
„ (Nectarophila) 213. hayi (Calorhamphus) 162. hearseyanus (Paussus) 37, 38, 52. Hemicercus 163. Hemichelidon 190. Hemilophus 165. Hemipus 205, 206. Hemixus 151, 226, 228. hendersoniauum (Geothelphusa) 55,
113, 144. hendersonianum (Potamon) 55, 110,
113, 119, 140. Henicurus 262. heurici (Megalaenia) 160. henricii (Bucco) 160.
„ (Cyauops) 160. Herporuis 236. Heterococcyx 167. Hierax 151. Hierococcyx 169. hilaris (Perithelphusa) 55, 142.
„ (Potamon) 55, 80, 86, 124. hilgendorfi (Potamon) 140. hippocastanum (Potamon) 140. hirsuta (Strix) 154. hirtipes (Galene) 57. Hiruudinapus 189. Hiruudinidae 189. Hirundo 188, 189, 190. hispidum (Potamou) 140. Holometopus 133.
Homopterus 33, 34. hosci (Caly})tomena) 151, 183. hottentottus (Cerapterus) 35. huinbloti ( Paussus ) 48. humboldti (Paussus) 40. liumii (Ciirysophlegma) 164. liumiiis (Falco) 152.
(Polioaetus) 152. Hydrocichhi 262, 263. Hydrocissa 174. hydrodromus (Potamon) 140. HypOi;ramma 214. liy])ogramniica (Authreptes) 214. „ (Nectarinia) 214.
hypoleucos (Tringa) 274.
(Triugoides) 274. Hypothymis 199. Hypsipetes 226.
I.
ibericum (Potamon) 140.
Ibis 23.
iclithyaetus (Falco) 151.
„ (Polioaetus) 151.
icterocephaia (Cliloropsis) 220. „ (Phyilornis) 220.
ignicapilia (Dicaeuni) 210. ignicapilius (Prionochilus) 310. iudica (Clialcopliaps) 270.
„ (Columba) 270. Indicator 167. Indicatoridae 167. indicum (Potamon) 140. indus (Haliastur) 153. iuflatum (Potamon) 140. iufravallatum (Potamon) 140. insignis (Chalcostetha) 213.
„ (Nectarinia) 213. intermedia (Eulabes) 7, 17, 18.
(Gracula) 3, 12, 16, 17, 20, 22. intermedium (Potamon) 140. intermedins (Cuculus) 170. „ (Eulabes) 21.
„ (Haliastur) 153.
(Hemipus) 206, 207, 208. (Mainatus) 12, 16, 17. lolc 232. lora 219. Irena 204. ispida (Alcedo) 178. Ixidia 224, 225. lyngipicus 162.
J.
jagori (Potamon) 140. jallae (Potamou) 140.
INDEX.
283
jarobii (Columba) 268. „ _ (Ptilopus) 268. japouicum (Potamon) 140. javaueusis (Corvus) 264.
(Eulabes) 7, 17, 18, 265. (Gracula) 1—22, 264, 265. (Mainatiis) 7, 15, 265. javauensis typicus (Eulabes) 7. javanica (Hiruudo) 19U. „ (Leucocerca) 200. (Muscicapa) 200. (Pliyllopueiiste) 252. „ (Rhipidura) 200. javanicus (Eiirylaemus) 183. „ (Phoenicophaes) 172.
„ (Zauclostomiis) 172.
javauus (Paussus) 46, 47, 52. javensis (Batrachostoimis) 185, 186.
„ (Podargiis) 185. jerdoni (Baza) 153. johnstoui (Polamou) 140. jordanica (Pheidole) 50. jotaka (Caprimulgus) 187.
kalulongae (Malacopteron) 151, 247.
(Turdiuus) 247. kannegieteri (Paussus) 46, 47, 52. kasuniba (Harpactes) 157.
„ (Pyrotrogon) 157.
„ _ (Trogon) 157. kenepai (Geothelphusa) 55, 110,144.
„ (Potamon) 55, 110, 119, 140. Kenopia 248. klugi (Paussus) 41, 42. kuhli (Geothelphusa) 116, 117. „ (Potainou) 140,
Lacedo 182. Laedonisa 221, 222. laetus (Paussus) 39. laeve (Potamou) 140. laevicornis (Paussus) 40. laevifrons (Paussus) 40. lafertei (Cerapterus) 85, 36. Lalage 204. Laniidae 205.
Lanius 203, 208, 225, 257, 265. larnaudii (Potamou) 140. larvata (Stachyris) 235.
(Timalia) 235. latirostris (Alseonas) 191,
„ (Muscicapa) 191.
Lebia 34. leguillouii (Menippe) 57.
„ (Myomenippe) 57, 143.
leichardti (Potamon) 140. lempiji (Scops) 154. „ (Strix) 154. lemprieri (Siphia) 196. Lepocestes 163. leptogrammica (Ciccaba) 154.
(Strix) 154. leptogrammicum (Syrnium) 154. Leptoponia 31. leroyi (Paussus) 41, 42, 52. lescheuaulti (Henicurus) 262.
(Potamon) 140. leucocephala (Alcedo) 179.
(Pelargopsis) 179. Leucocerca 200. leucogrammica (Cacopitta) 239. (Myiotliera) 239. (Ptilopyga) 239. leucogrammicus (Turdinus) 239. leucorhynchus (Artanuis) 203.
„ (Lauius) 203.
leucostigma (Myiothera) 248.
(Turdirostris) 248. leucotis (Stacliyris) 235.
„ (Timalia) 235. levicervix (Potamon) 140. liber (Paussus) 39, 53. lidthi (Mainatus) 19. lidthii (Gracula) 19 limula (Potamon) 140. liuchi (Collocalia) 188. lineata (Excalfactoria) 273. lineatus (Paussus) 38. linuei (Paussus) 50. Lobiophasis 271. lokaensis (Potamon) 139. longicauda (Palaeornis) 156.
„ (Psittacus) 156.
longipennis (Cerapterus) 35.
(Dendrochelidon) 188.
(Hiruudo) 188.
(Macropteryx) 188. longipes (Potamon) 140. lougirostra (Certhia) 217. longirostris (Arachnothera) 217. Lophura 271, 272. Loriculus 156. loxophthalmum (Potamon) 53, 140,
75. lucasseni (Paussus) 46. ludekingi (Paussus) 46. lugubre (Potamon) 140. lugubris (Cuculus) 167.
(Surniculus) 167, 168. Lyncornis 187.
284
INDEX.
IVI.
macrocercus (Eupetes) 232. Macronus 238. Macropteryx 188, 189. macropus (Potamon) 140. Macropygia 269. macrorhynchus (Cymborhynclms)
184. macrorhynchus (Todus) 184. macrurus (Caprimulgus) 187. maculata (Parathelpliusa) 142. (Stachyris) 233. (Timalia) 233. maculatus (Pardalotus) 210.
„ (Prionochiius) 210.
madagascariense (Potamon) 141. maguirostre (Malacopteron) 247. maguirostris (Baza) 153.
(Phyilopneuste) 252. magnum (Malacopteron) 245, 246. mahakkamense (Potamon) 55, 92,
98, 141, 143 Mainatus 5, 265. majus (Malacopteron) 245. malaccense (Chrysophlegma) 164. malaccensis (Amauropsis) 241.
(Anthreptes) 214, 215. „ (Anuropsis) 241.
„ (Bracliypteryx) 241.
„ (Callolophus) 164.
(Certhia) 214. (Hemixus) 226, 227. „ (Hypsipetes) 226.
(Picus) 164. Malacocincla 240. Malacopteron 151, 244 — 247. Malacopterum 246. malayana (liydrocissa) 174. malayanus (Anthracoceros) 174. (Buceros) 174, 175. manadense (Leptopoma) 31. margaritarium (Potamon) 141. martensi (Paratheiphusa) 142. martensii (Menippe) 57. masonianum (Potamon) 141. megacephala (Pheidoie) 50. Megalaema 158. inelanippe (Geothelphusa) 143.
(Potamon) 55, 105, 141. melanocephalus (Brachypodius) 225. „ (Lanius) 225.
„ (Micropus) 225.
(Microtarsus) 225. melanoleuca (Muscicapa) 192. melanoleucus (Micropiis) 226. „ (Microtarsus) 225.
melanope (Motacilla) 963. Melanopelargus 276. Melanoperdix 273. melanopis (Ibis) 23, 24, 25.
(Theristicus) 23, 24, 25,
26. melanops (Carcineutes) 182. (Halcyon) 182. (Lacedo) 182. Melanopyrrhus 4. Meüas 170. Meliiphagidae 218. meninting (Alcedo) 178. Menippe 53, 55, 60, 142. mentaiis (Callolophus) 164. Meropidae 177. merulinus (Cacomautis) 169.
(Cuculus) 169. Mesobucco 161, 162. Mesoiophus 151, 223. messor (Metopograpsus) 55, 132. Metopograpsus 55, 132. mexicanus (Pontoscolex) 27. Microhierax 151. Micropogon 162. Micropternus 166. Micropus 187, 225. microrhinus (Phoenicophaes) 171. Microtarsus 225. Migiyptes 165, 166. miudanensis (Copsychus) 257. Miuo 4.
miuutus (Tricholestes) 228. Mixoruis 237, 238. modesta (Anthreptes) 216.
„ (Arachnothera) 216, 217. monr.anum (Potamon) 119, 141. mouticoia (Cyanops) 151, 161. monticolum (Dicaeum) 212. mentis (Mesoiophus) 151, 223.
„ (Otocompsa) 223.
(Eubigula) 151, 223. Motacilla 261, 263. Motacillidae 262. mrogoroense (Potamon) 141. miilleri (Erytliromyias) 191.
„ (Muscicapa) 191. (Pitta) 250. Mulleripicus 165. Munia 264. Muscicapa 190, 205. Muscicapidae 190. musicus (Copsychus) 257.
(Lanius) 257. musschenbroeki (Surniculus) 168. Myiolestes 206. Myiophoneus 258.
INDEX.
285
Myiothera 239, 2él, 244, 248, 250. Myomenippe 54, 55, 56. myrmidonum (Cerapterus) 34. mystacophaues (Cyanops) 159.
„ (Megalaenia) 159.
mystacophanos (Bucco) 159.
„ (Cyanops) 159.
mystacophanus (Chotorea) 159.
„ (Megalaema) 159.
Napolhera 244, 246, 249. nasica (Trerou) 266, 267. nauceras (Paussus) 44. Nectarinia 212, 213. Nectariniidae 212. Nectarophila 213. ueglectus (Heterococcyx) 167. neumanni (Potamou) 141. niger (Cryptonyx) 273. nigra (MeJaiioperdix) 273. nigricollis (Stachyris) 234.
(Timalia) 234. nigrimentum (Dicaeum) 211. nigrirostris (Hydrocissa) 174. nilotica (Parathelphusa) 142. Ninox 154. nipalensis (Toria"» 266.
(Treron) 266, 267. Nisaëtus 153. nobilis (Euplocomus) 272.
(Lophura) 272. nuchalis (Hypogramma) 214. Nyctiornis 178.
O.
oberthiiri (Paussus) 47 — 52. obesum (Potamon) 141. obscura (Muscicapa) 205. obscurus (Heniious) 205, 206.
(Myiolestes) 206. obsoleta (Leptopoma) 31. obsoietum (Piprisoma) 210. obtusipes (Potamon) 127, 131, 141. occipitalis (Hypothymis) 199. oclirocephalus (Trachycoraus) 221.
(Turdus) 221. ochronielas (Eurylaeinus) 183. olax (Columba) 267. „ (Osmotreron) 267. „ (Treron) 268. olivacea (lole) 232. opacus (Paussus) 48, 49, 50, 52. orientalis (Acrocephalus) 254. (Bubo) 154. „ (Coracias) 182.
„ (Eurystoraus) 183.
orientalis (Strix) 154.
Oriolidae 265.
Oriolus 265.
orrhopliaeus (Harpactes) 147, 157.
„ (Pyrotrogon) 157.
Ortlmociciila 242. Orthotomus 252, 253. ortmanni (Meuippe) 55, 60, 67, 142. Osmotreron 267. Otocompsa 223.
Palaeornis 156. palawauensis (Eulabes) 15. „ (Gracula) 15.
„ (Mainatus) 15.
pallida (Benhamia) 28, 30. paliidefuWus (Paussus) 42, 52. pallidus (k^pilornis) 152. palmicola (Benhamia) 29. panope (Menippe) 54, 55, 56, 61. Pararuppellia 57. Parathelphusa 53, 67, 138, 142. Pardalotus 209. pareparensis (Potamon) 139, Paridae 208. paroticaUs (Ixidia) 224.
(Rubigula) 224. parvula (Menippe) 56. parvulus (Podargus) 186. Paussus 37.
pealianum (Potamon) 141. pectoralis (Alcippe) 248. (Cinnyris) 213.
„ (Cyrtostomus) 213.
„ (Nectarinia) 213.
„ (Rhinomyias) 248.
(Setaria) 248. Pelaeus 56. Pelargopsis 179. pelii (Potamon) 141. Penthoceryx 168, 169. percussus (Prionochilus) 210. Perdicidae 273. Pericrocotus 203. Perithelphusa 54, 70, 142. perlata (Rhipiduraj 200. perlatum (Potamon) 141. perroti (Paussus) 49, 50, 52. phaionota (Napothera) 249. Phaiopicus 165. Phasianidae 270. Pheidole 50. Philentoma 201, 202. philippinum (Potamon) 141. philippinus (Merops) 177. philippinus major (Apiaster) 178.
286
INDEX.
Phodilus 155. Phoenicophaes 171, 172. phoeuicotis (Authreptes) 215.
„ (Nectarinia) 215.
phoenicura (Ainauroruis) 274.
(Erythra) 274. phoenicurus (Rallus) 274. Phyllopueuste 251. Phyllornis 220. Phylloscopus 251, 252. picata (Muscicapa) 206. picatus (Hemipus) 206, 207. Picidae 162. pictuni (Potamon) 141. Picumnus 166. Picus 162.
pileata (Alcedo) 181. „ (Eutomobia) 181. (Halcyon) 181. pileatus (Halcyon) 181. pilosum (^Potamon) 141. Pinarocichla 223. Piprisoma 210. Pitta 149, 249—251. Pittidae 249. planatum (Potamou) 141. planifrons (Potamou) 141. platurus (Dicrurus) 205.
„ (Dissemurus) 205. platycentrou (Potamon) 141. Platyloplius 265. Platyrhynchus 200. Platysmurus 265. Ploceidae 264. ploiophorus (Paussus) 45. plumosa (Laedorusa) 221. plumosus (Pycnonotus) 221. pocockiauum (Potamon) 141. Podargus 185, 186. poecilei (Parathelphusa) 142. Polioaetus 151, 152. poliocephala (Stachyris) 235.
„ (Timalia) 235.
Polioooccyx 171. poliogaster (Cyanoderma) 147, 237.
„ (Stachyridopsis) 237.
(Stachyris) 237. poliogenis (Brachypteryx) 241. poliogeuys (Myiotliera) 241, 242. poliopsis (Brachypus) 224. politus (Paussus) 45. Polophilus 173. Pomatorhinus 233. Pontoscolex 27. porpliyromelas (Lepoeestes) 163.
(Picus) 163. Potamon 53, 54, 67, 92, 138, 139.
pravata (Cacomantis) 168.
(Cucuhis) 168. pravatus (Cacomantis) 168.
(Penthoceryx) 168, 169. Prinia 254.
Prionochilus 209, 210. Prionopidae 266. Prodotiscus 167. pseudoperlata (Potamon) 141. Psittacidae 156. Psittacus 156. ptilogenys (Eulabes) 18.
(Gracula) 1, 3, 18. „ (Mainatus) 18.
Ptilopus 268. Ptilopyga 239. ptilosus (Macronus) 238. pulveruleutus (Alopbouerpes) 165. „ (Hemiiopbus) 165.
„ (Mullcripicus) 165.
(Picus) 165. punctulata (Pheidole) 50. puniceus (Caiiolophus) 164. (Geciuus) 163, 164. (Picus) 163. pusilla (Laedorusa) 222. pusillus (Pycnonotus) 222. Pycuonotus 221. Pyrotrogon 1 56. pyrrhoptera (Alcippe) 249.
„ (Muscicapa) 201.
pyrrbopterum (Pbileutoma) 201. pyrrbopygus (Tricliixos) 245. (Tricbixus) 245.
Q.
quadricornis (Paussus) 43, 52. quadridens (Meuippe) 56. quadrispinosum (Tetramorium) 51.
H.
radiatus (Calobates) 173.
„ (Carpococcyx) 173. radiceus (Calobates) 173. rafflesii (Gauropicoides) 165.
(Picus) 165. Rallidae 274. Rallina 274. Rallus 274. Rampbococcyx 172. regulus (Prodotiscus) 167. reicbardi (Potamon) 141. religiosa (Eulabes) 5.
(Gracula) 1. 3, 4, 6, 7, 22. religiosus (Mainatus) 5. rhinoceroides (Buceros) 176. rhinoceros (Buceros) 176.
INDEX.
287
Rhinococcyx 172.
Khinomyias 151, 193, 248, 249.
Rliinoplax 177.
Rhiuortha 170.
Rhipidura 200.
rhodolaema (Anthreptes) 215.
Rhopodytes 170, 171.
ritsemae (Paussus) 46.
robusta (Araclmoraphis) 217, 218.
„ (Araclmothera) 217.
(Gracula) 3, 11, 12, 14, 22. robustus (Mainatus) 12. Rollulidae 272. Rollulus 272. rostratum (Malacopteron) 242.
„ (Trichostoma) 242, 243.
rotundum (Potamon) 141. roulroul (Phasianus) 272.
(Rollulus) 272. rubicauda (Napothera) 244. Rubigula 151, 223. ruficapilla (Hydrocichla) 263. ruficapillus (Euicurus) 263. ruficeps (Columba) 269.
„ (Macropygia) 269.
„ (Orthotoraus) 252. ruficrissa (Rhiuomyias) 151, 249. ruficrissus (Criniger) 230, 231. rufidorsa (Ceyx) 180. rufifrons (Cyornis) 197.
(Siphia) 198. rufiventris (Malacocincla) 240.
(Ptiiopyga) 240. rufulus (Garrulus) 266. rugosum (Potamon) 141. rumphii (Menippe) 55, 56, 64. rustica (Hirundo) 189.
salaugensis (Parathelphusa) 142. Salicaria 254.
salvadorii (Pycaonotus) 222. Sarcops 4. Sasia 166.
saularis (Copsychus) 258. saxicola (Pararuppellia) 57. Saxicolidae 255. scapularis (lora) 219. schaunii (Paussus) 42. schierbrandi (Volvocivora) 204. scliwaueri (Eucichla) 251. „ (Myiothera) 240.
(Pitta) 251. Schwaneria 197. schweiufurthi (Potamon) 138. Scolopacidae 274. Scops 154.
scutatus (Rliinoplax) 177. scutulata (Ninox) 154.
(Strix) 154. semicucullatus (Paussus) 50. semilineatus (Paussus) 38, 39, 51. seniirufus (Paussus) 45, 52. senex (Potamon) 141. sesquisulcatus (Paussus) 37, 38, 52. Sesarma 54, 133. Setaria 246, 248. shuckardi (Paussus) 42. sianiense (Potamon) 141. sibirica (Hemichelidon) 190.
„ (Muscicapa) 190. signata (Menippe) 57. sikorai (Paussus) 43, 48. sikoranus (Paussus) 48. silvicola (Perithelphusa) 55, 86, 142,
143. silvicola (Potamon) 55, 86, 90. simplex (Anthreptes) 214.
„ (Arachnophila) 214
„ (Laedorusa) 222.
„ (Nectarinia) 214. (Pycnonotus) 222. sinaitica (Pheidole) 50. sinensis (Ardea) 275. (Ardetta) 275.
„ (Centropus) 173.
„ (Eulabes) 21.
„ (Gracula) 21.
„ (Hcnicurus) 262.
„ (Mainatus) 21.
(Parathelphusa) 69, 142. (Polophilus) 173. singalensis (Chalcoparia) 215. sinuatifrons (Potamon) 54, 55, 92,
141, 143. sinuatifrons (ïelphusa) 99. siparaja (Aethopyga) 212, 213,
(Certhia) 213. Siphia 192—199. smithi (Cerapterus) 35. socotrense (Potamon) 140, 141. sonnerati (Cacomantis) 168. (Cuculus) 168.
„ (Peathoceryx) 169.
sordidus (Deudropicus) 163.
„ (Hemicercus) 163. soror (Potamon) 141. speciosa (Elettaria) 250. Spermestes 264. Spilopelia 269. Spilornis 152. spinigera (Parathelphusa) 71, 74, 78,
142. Spizaëtus 153.
288
INDEX.
squamata (Txidia) 225. squamii'rons (Zosterops) 218. Stachyridopsis 237. Stachyris 283—235. Staphidia 151, 236. stellatus (Batrachostomus) 186.
(Podargus) 186. stoliczkanum (Potatnon) 108, 141. Stoparola 199. striata (Columba) 270. „ (Geopelia) 270. „ (Kenopia) 248. (Timalia) 248. striatus (Cuculiis) 170. stricklandi (Cittocincla) 255. striolatns ^Hemixus) 226, 227.
(Trichophonis) 226, 227, 228. Strix 154. Sturnidae 264. suavis (Cittocincla) 255. „ (Copsychus) 255. „ (Xittacincla) 255. subfurcatus (Cypseliis) 187.
„ (Micropus) 187, 188.
subquadratum (Potamon) 141. sumatrana (Ardea) 275. sumatramis (Coracias) 185. (Cory don) 185. (Criniger) 229, 230. „ (Cucuius) 171.
(Hetnixus) 226. „ (Poliococcyx) 171.
„ (Rhopodytes) 171.
sumatrense (Potamon) 141. suraatrensis (Artamides) 204. (Bubo) 154. (Ceblepyris) 204. „ (Graucalus) 204.
superciliaris (Burnesia) 254.
(Priiiia) 254. suprasulcatum (Potamon) 141. Suruiculus 167, 169. suzauii (Criniger) 223. sylvatica (Athene) 155. sylvaticum (Glaucidium) 155, 156. Sylviidae 251. Syrniura 154.
T.
Tantalus 24. Tchitrea 201. Technomyrmex 51. temmincki (Aethopyga) 212.
„ (Lyncornis) 187.
„ (Nectarinia) 212.
tenasserimense (Potamon) 141.
tenuirostris (Corone) 266. (Corvus) 266. Tephrodornis 208. tephrops (Turdinus) 240. terat (Lalage) 204.
„ (Turdus) 204. Terpsiphoue 201. Teti'araorium 51. Tetrao 273.
tetrodon (Menippe) 57. thalassina (Hypothymis) 199. thalassinoides (Stoparola) 199. Thelphusa 100. Theristicus 23. tlioracicus (Pardalotus) 209.
„ (Prionochilus) 209.
tigrina (Columba) 269.
(Spilopelia) 269. tigriuus (Lanius) 208. (Turtur) 269. Timalia 233—235, 248. Timeliidae 232. Todus 184. Toria 266. Trachycomus 221. transversum (Potamon) 141. Treron 266. Treronidae 266. Trichastoma 246. Trichixos 245. Trichixus 245. Tricholestes 228. Trichopboropsis 228. Trichophorus 226. Trichostoma 242, 243, 244. tridens (Parathelpbusa) 142. tridentata (Parathelphusa) 53 — 55,
67, 70, 142. tridentatum (Potamon) 55, 67. trigonostigma (Certhia) 211.
„ (Dicaeum) 211.
Tringa 274. Tringoides 274. trinitatis (Cerapterus) 36. Tripsurus 162. tristis (Criniger) 223.
„ (Miglyptes) 165. Trogon 156. Trogouidae 156. tukki (Miglyptes) 166.
„ (Pious) 166. tumidum (Potamon) 141. turcosa (Cyornis) 195.
(Sipbia) 195, 196. Turdidae 258. Turdinulus 15J, 239. Turdiuus 239, 240, 243, 247.
INDEX'.
289
Turdirostris StS.
lurdoidcs (Acroceplialus) 254.
turdoides orieutalis (Salicaria) 254.
Turdus 204, 221, 258, 204.
Turtur 2G9.
typus (Trichoplioropsis) 228.
U.
umbratilis (Bracliyptcryx) 242. unicolor (Cyoruis) 194.
(Siphia) 194, 195. Unio 140. Urococcyx 172. Urostigma 158, 159, 182.
^^.
validus (Chrysocolaptes) 102. (Corvus) 260. (Picus) 162. „ (Xylolepes) 162. velata (Drymophila) 202. velatum (Pliileutoma) 202. veuerata (Gracula) '6, 4, 5. veueratus (Eulabes) 5.
„ (Mainatus) 5. vernans (Columba) 267. „ (Osmotroroa) 267. (Treron) 267. versicolor (Chotorliea) 158.
„ (Megalaema) 158.
vigil (Buceros) 177.
„ (Riiinoplax) 177. virescens (Hemixus) 227. viridiuucha (Chloropsis) 220. (Phyllornis) 220.
viridis (Aegitliina) 219.
„ (Budytes) 263.
„ (Calyptomena) 182.
„ (lora) 219. viridissima (Aegithiua) 219.
(lora) 219. vitreuni (Leptopoma) 31. Volvocivora 204.
W.
waterliousci (Paussus) 40, 41. webberi (Ixidia) 225.
(Rubigula) 225. wiiiteheadi (Ortlmocichla) 242. wiillerstorfi (Potamou) 141.
X.
xauthodryas (Phylloscopus) 252. xanthogaster (Laaius) 203.
„ (Pericrocotiis) 203.
Xaatholaema 161. xauthouotus (Oriolus) 265. Xaathopygia 191. xaathopygius (Prionociiiliis) 209. xanthorhyuchus (Chalcococcyx) 167. „ (Chrysococcyx) 167.
(Cuculus) 167. Xittacincla 255. Xylolepes 162.
Z.
Zanclostomus 172.
Zosterops 218.
zosterops (Chloropsis) 219.
List of Works published by E. J. BRILL, Leyden.
Archiv (Niederlandisches) tur Zoölogie, herausgegeben von Prof. Emil SelenivA u. fortgesetzt von Prof. C. K. Hoffmann. 1871 —82. Band I— V. 8° f 58.—
Supplementband 1. 1881—1882. m. 1 Karte und 23 Taf. ƒ20.—
(Enthaltend die zoologischen Ergebnisse der in den Jahren 1S78 und 79 mit Schoner ""Willem Barents" unternommenen arktischen Fahrten).
Blaauw (F. E.), A Monograph of the Cranes. Large folio. 1897. With coloured plates, put on stone l?y Keulemans from original watercolour sketches drawn from life by Leutemann and Keule- mans ƒ 75.—
Bouwstoffen voor eene fauna van Nederland, onder medewerking van onderscheidene geleerden en beoefenaars der dierkunde, bijeen- verz. door J. A. Herklots. 3 dln. 1851—66. 8° ƒ18.70
Max Weber, Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Eeise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien. Band I— III. Band IV, Heft 1. f 84.—
Museum d'histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Eevue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans eet établissement, par H. Schle- GEL. vol. I— VIII. 8° /• 33.25
F. A. Jentink, Table alphabétique. 1881 ƒ 4—
Vol. IX: Catalogue ostéologique des Mammifères. ƒ9.50
Vol. X, 2e partie: Catalogue cstéologique des Poissons,
Reptiles et Amphibies par Th. W. van Lidth de Jeude. 1898. 8°. ƒ 1.75 . Vol. XI: Catalogue systéraatique des Mammifères (Sin- ges, Carnivores, Ruminants, Pachy dermes, Sirenes et Cétacés). ƒ 3.50
Vol. XII : Catalogue systématique des Mammifères
(Rongeurs, Insectivoi-es, Cheiroptères, Edentés et Marsupiaux). ƒ4.50
_ Vol. XIII: Catalogue systématique des Mollusques,
par R. Horst et M. M. Schepman. 1894, 99. 2 pts. . . . ƒ5.50
Vol. XIV: Catalogue systématique de la collection d'oi-
seaux de feu Mr. J.P. van Wickevoort Crümmelin, par F. A. Jentink. 1894. 8° ƒ1.50
Notes from the Leyden Museum, ed. by H. Schlegel a. F. A. Jen- tink. Vol. I— VIII. 1879—86. 8°. . per vol. ƒ 5.—
Vol. IX— XXI. 1887—99. 8° per vol. ƒ 7.50
Piaget (Dr. E.), I-es Pédiculines. Essai monographique. 2 vol. 1880. vol. I : texte , vol. II : planches, gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ 60.—
Supplément. 1885. gr. in-4°. En toile ƒ 18.—
Schlegel (H.), Monographic des Singes. 1876. 8° f 4.75
Oiseaux des Indes Néerl., décrits et fig. (ƒ34,80) gr. in-4°. ƒ 25.—
Snellen (P. C T.)» De vlinders van Nederland , Microlepidoptera, systematisch beschreven. 2 dln. 1882. gr. 8°. Met 14 pi. . ƒ15.—
PRINTED BY E. .T, BRILL, LEYDEN.
IMate 2.
Dr. O. Finsch del.
C» Ritsen, n^^^^
P. W. M. Trap impr
I — 2. Gracula religiosa, Linn. 3 — 8. ,, javanensis [Osb.]
9 — II. Gracula robusta Salvad.
12 — 14. ,, batuensis Finsch.
15. „ intermedia {Hay).
16. „ andainanensis {Tyikr).
N. L. M. 1899.
Plate 3.
4.
3.
Er. Wasm. ail nat. del.
Ch Kitsema lilli. Ncue Paussiden.
r. W. M. Trap impr.
N, L. M. 1899,
Male 4.
12a.
13.
11.
U-U/
Er. Wasin. ad nat. del.
Ca. Ritsenia litli.
Neue Paussidcn.
13o.
14.
P, W. ]\[. Trap impr.
N.L.M. 1899.
Plahe 5
1'>.
g-y
.:^ï?1^l^ 2
r^^rs/^
w
'L^^^'l-^
4- a
\
D« J. G. DE MAN DEL ,
' iC£R,A:1Sr£/>0AM
2. Menippe Ort-manni DE MAN. 3. Parat-hel phusa Iri d en hal-a H.M. E 4. Pohamon borneense MARTS., VAR. hi laris DEMAN.
N.L.M. 1899.
Plal-e 6.
D" J. G OE MAN, DEL .
IMPR. ^Afr ICCK,AMST£/>DJ>M.
5. Pohamon Bü t-M koferi DE MAN. 10. Pohamon consobrinum DEMAN,
N. L.M. 1899.
P I a h e 7.
D? J. G DE MAN, DEL .
IMm. VAN LEER,AMÖT£ROAM.
1. Myomenippe Leguillouii A.M. E. 6. Pohamon silvicola DE MAN
7. Po^amon sp.
N.L.M. 1899.
Plat-e 8.
^>^^>v^.
%
^\
DR J. G. DE MAN ÜEL
//W«f. l'/f// iff/!, AMSTIROAM.
Pohamon mahakkamense DE MAN 9. Pohamon si n u ahi Frons H.M. E.
N.L.M. 1899.
Piahe 9.
9b
J
9c 10 3-
10 9
10
_^_/^^^f^^m^ri^i^^ii,i^,^
D" J. G.DE MAN DEL
IMPR. VAN L££R, AKSreRD*M.
9. Pohamon sinuaNProns H. M. E. 10. Pohamon consobrinum DE MAN n. Pol-amon Melanippe DE MAN.
N.L.M. 1899.
Pla^e 10.
10
10.
^1^:^-u. j^^>-
D"? J. G. DE. MAN, DEL.
JMPM. VAK L£CK,AMSTCHDAM
10. Pol-amon consobrinum DEMAN. IZ.Pohamon kenepai DE MAN
N.L.M. 1899. .
Plahe 11 .
mT
•• ■•; .•j."^'?^'''
13'
C' '^''^ -^ ^
D» J. G. DE MAN DEL .
IMPR VAN LEEK, AMSre/IOAIy,
12. Po^amon kenepai DE MAN. 13. Pot-amon h enderson i a n u m DE MAN 14. Po^annon Burgeri DE MAN.
N.L.M. 1899.
Plahe 12
149
D? J. G. DE MAN, DEL.
IMPR VAN Leen. AMSrtMAKI.
14 9Pol-amon Burgeri DE MAN. 15. Pohamon bic^isl-a^um DE MAN. 16. 5esarma Amphinome DE MAN. 17. Se.sarma angust-i Frons A.M. E.
N. L. M. 1899.
Plate 13.
'f*^^-'
J. G. Keuleinans del et lith.
V. \V. M. Trap impr .
Glaucidium sylvaticum (Bj^.)
N. L. M. 1899.
Plate 14.
].C,. Keulemans del. et lilli.
5
.Siphia l'A'orelli SJtarpc
V. \V. M. Trap impr.
N. L. M. 1899.
Plate 15.
J, (ï.Keulenians del. et litli.
Si]ihia beccariana {Salvad.)
V. W. M. Trap inipr.
1
Date Due
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