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NOTES QN THE THYSANOPTERA QF NORTH AMERICA WITH DESCRIPTIONS QF NEW SPECIES.
by
Joseph Douglas Hood ;
Thesis for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts
in General Science
in the COLLEGE OF SCIENCE of the
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
June 1, 1910. Ww
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013
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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
pion tat Jue 2... 1920
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY
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SRPENTITIED 2 NOTES..ON THE THYSANOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.
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_ 1S APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
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DEGREE OF
Instructor in Charge
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LHETROREGTION
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x first became interested in Thysanoptera four years ago, in the fall of 1906, and the first specimen which I ever collected was
a female of AKolothrips bicolor, found hibernating under an old
railroad tie near Champaign, Illinois. Not knowing what the insect was, I brought it to the laboratory for determination. When I found that the species had been discovered for the first time only four years previous, in Massachusetts, and that no records of its capture. had been made since, my interest was aroused and I mounted the speci- i carefully in balsam. I did not dream that the finding of species new to science would be possible, but I felt certain that I could by Careful Collection, add materially to the known geographical distri- bution of the several known forms. With this idea in mind, I began the collection of thrips. From a single slide of a fragmentary speci-
men of AEolothrips bicolor, my collection grew rapidly, until now
lat contains more species from the state of Illinois than are describ-
ed from all North America. “
. The study of Thysanoptera is of especial interest not because | the insects are of any great economic importance, but rather because
the group is relatively unknown and the possibilities of interesting
discoveries infinite. This furnishes a mysterious and fascinating
attraction, ana the insects themselves make delicate and beautiful
‘mounts, which are absolutely safe from the attacks of museum pests,
easily filed away, and as nearly permanent as any collection can be. Very little work has been done on the Thysanoptera of North
| | |
America. Scattered papers have appeared now and then in which a few
mew species were described , and no really comprehensive monograph
has ever been written. A paper by Dr. Warren Elmer Hinds, published
in the twentysixth volume of the Proceedings of the United States
National Museum, is the closest approximation we have to a general
work. In it are described all the species known previously to 1902--
thirty seven in number, of which eighteen are new. When we find that
nearly all of these eighteen forms new to science were Collected by one man within a radius ofa two miles from the Massachusetts Agri-
Cultural College, we begin: to realize the deficiency of our knowledge
of the New World species when the vast areas of Western United States
and Central and South America remain unexplored. In 1896, six years before the publication of Hinds' paper des- cribing the Massachusetts species, Miss Alice M. Beach described a
few species from Iowa. And since 1902, the species of California have
been studied by Moulton, Crawford and Daniel; those of Michigan by
Shull, and those of Illinois by Hood. This is all the work that has
been done on the group in North America.
DIRECTIONS FOR THE COLLECTEON OF THYSANOPTERA.
Owing to the small size of these insects and the consequent difficulties of collection and preservation, the few suggestions given below may prove useful to the amateur Thysanopterist. When I first became interested in this group, the lack of full directions for collecting and preserving specimens did much to hinder the pro- gress of my work.* It was largely through experience that I was enabled to tell where to look for specimens, and how to mount them after they have been collected. The following suggestions are con- sequently the results of personal experimentation. They are present- ed with the hope that the beginner will find among them hints which will better direct his attention to places of collection, and which will save him a portion of the needless labor which always falls to the lot of the amateur-- labor which hé will in: the’future consider ill-directed.
This chapter is naturally divisible into two parts: first the collection of specimens, and secondly, their preservation for future study after they have been brought to the laboratory.
The order Thysanoptera as a whole has an extensive en- vironmental distribution. Species occur in flowers, in grass, or on the leaves and branches of trees; some live in galls, turf, fungi, or moss, or under loose bark,on living or decaying trees; while still others may be found under fallen leaves and in similar decom- posing plant remains. Each of these species, however, is usually
confined to a particular habitat ** or class of habitats, outside
eS ea ee ee ee ae es OS elem emlCl Slee
] * The chapter on this subject by Dr. Uzel inte "Monographie der Ordnung Thysanoptera" was at that time inaxxessible to me, being written in his native tongue, Bohemian,
| **the word habitat has been used by several entomo-
logists as a synonym of distribution. The habitat of a species, in
the sense in which it is used by ecologists, is that particular si-
tuation in which it finds all the conditions necessary to its suc- cessful growth and reproduction. It is the situation where all the ecological factors,- climatic and edaphic, biotic and physical,- are favorable to the species. The habitat of Eurythrips ampliventralis
Hinds is thus turf, and not “Amherst, Massachusetts", as given by its original describer.
of which it normally never occurs*. We thus have one species ** which is found only in phylloxera galls on hickory; another *** only
in galls on pin oak; a third**#* only in flowers of jack-in-the-pul-
w
pit, while a fourth ***** never occurs outside of the moss rringes
ta the bases of our forest trees.
This large variety of situations in which he must search for species makes the collector dependent upon a rather extensive collecting apparatus. The special apparatus which he will employ when collecting in each of these particular habitats will be des- cribed below. The general outfit which he will need at all times con- sists essentially of vials, paper bags, a chisel or stout knife, a d@mall camel's hair brush, and a vasculum or other receptacle in which to carry them.
Vials of about two drams capacity are recomended. The corks should be free from all irregularities which might afford shelter to the specimens and cause them to be subsequently overlooked. Care should be taken also that the corks do not project past the neck of the vial; otherwise any specimens which might cling to the sides of the cork are likely to be crushed against the neck of the vial when the cork is extracted. The observance of these seemingly slight par- ticulars will save many a specimen. Papar bags are used to bring flowers, galls, moss, etc., into the laboratory from the field. When filled, they should be securely fastened by means of a stout paper clip, or a rubber band. Specimens are transferred to vials by means of a small, well-pointed, camel's-hair brush. When picking up the specimens, care should be taken that it,is not injured. This may best be accomplished by lifting it upon the yip of the moistened brush.
# Species which occur commonly under the bark of trees, in galls, or in other secluded situations, may, however, sometimes be taken in sweepings from herbaceous plants. But as very few individuals of a species are ever taken at any one time in such situations, and as all such individuals are long=winged, we conclude that they are merely engaged. in the dissemination of their species, and are in search of suitable places for the deposition of eggs. Trichothrips americanus
Hood furnishes an excellent example. This species is normally short-
winged, spending its life under the loose bark,, decaying, fungus- grown stumps, where it would have no use for wings even if it had
them. In early Summer, long-winged individuals occur. It is this gen- eration upon which the species is dependent for any extension of its
distribution. On a sultry afternoon when the barometer is low and her- alding the approach of a strom (a time when insects are unusually ac- tive) a few "sweepings" with a suitable net will frequently yield an individual or two of the long-winged form of this species. Dr. Uzel
terms the macropterus fomales of such species the "femininde dissem-
inatus", showing that he fully appreciated their significance.
#* Liothrips caryae Fitch. ### Phloéothrips sp. nov. axee Hoterothrips arisaemaéé Hood.
#eeee% Lissothrips muscorum Hood.
The brush should never be brought directly down upon the insect.
I have employed two general methods for making miscellaneous
extensive collections,-- collections in which quantity of material, rather than accuracy of ecological data, is desired. The first con-
sists in "sweeping" grasses and other herbaceous plants with a strong
sweep-net of fine mesh. The bag of this net should ne of India linen
and attached to the ring with a copper wire. The ring should be of thick galvanized iron wire and soldered into a ferrule to which a strong handle is attached, This net may be used to great advantage at all times, and will yield more species than any other single me- thod. -- The second method is as follows:- a sheet of canvas about a yard square is sewed in the form of a bad, open at one end. Two sticks exactly equal in length to the diagonals of the bag are fastened together at the middle by means of a single nail, to form an X. These sticks are inserted into the bag, and their ends spread out and secured in corner pockets, formings a piece of apparatus sufficiently rigid and light to be held by one hand in any desired
position. By means of a stout stick, Thrips may be jarred on to it
from the leaves andbranches of trees and shrubbery. The material so secured is usually more valuable than that obtained in any other way, owing no doubt to the slight amount of attention which has been de- voted to the collection of tree-inhabiting species.
Species which occur under the loose bark on living or dead
trees may be secured by prying off the bark and either sifting it with a sieve of large mesh, or by examining both the loosened bark and the exposed surface of the tree* with a hand lens. Species
collected under bark during the Winter are usually short-winged,
while those taken in the summer are usually long-winged. Winter col- lecting will yield all those species which pass the Summer in such
Situations, and in addition, will furnish those which are there mere=- ly for hibernation and which seek other habitats upon the advent of
warm weather in the Spring.
Galls, flowers, or fungi which contain Thrips may be brought to the laboratory in small paper Rags and pulled or cut apart over a background of white paper. Nymphs or"pupde"## are more common-
| ly found in galls than are adults. It seems that the nymphs when
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* My experience in collecting from such situations shows that
a vastly larger number of individuals cling to the tree than to the
bark, If the tree is loose or disposed in flakes, they appear always to be found on the ventral surface toward the center of the tree, The explanation which suggests itself is simple: Thrips in search for protective quarters crawl about over the side of the tree and when a
| suitable opening in the bark is encountered, «squeeze into the cre- vice until their body comes into close contact with the opposed
surfaces. As all such species are flattened dorso-ventrally, they
Cannot turn over, and as a consequence must remain in the position
in which they enter the crevice. We might carry this even further, and reason that the hibernating species crawl up from the base of the tree and do not descend from the crown, because they are always found below the area of attachment of the bark affording them shelter.
*#% Insects with an incomplete or direct metamorphosis do not, strictly speaking, have a pupal stage. The term is a convenient one,
however, in this connection,
when they have about attained their complete development, enter the gall in order to safely pass the quiescent “pupal” stage. Nymphs or
“pupae” so taken may usually be reared with little difficulty to the
adult stage by putting the galls into a vial or bottle, and taking
care merely to preserve the necesarry humidity.
Species which occur under fallen jJeaves, in decomposing plant remains, or in turf, may be collected in any one of three ways. (1) The material to be searched may be brought to the laboratory and carefully pulled apary and scrutinized over a sheet of white paper. (2) Or it may be sifted in the field, and only the siftings brought in to be searched. (3) This method is @ more exhaustive one, and has been employed with marked success by Professor Antonio Berlease, an Italian arachnologist.* It is especially valuable for the collection of hibernating species. It consists essentially in usuing a specially constmucted tin tank which is open at one end and has a small hole in the middle of the opposite end; within this tank is fitted a tin fun- nel in such a way that a space is left surrounding it which can be filled with water. Across the top of the tank is supported a screen, on which is placed the debris which is supposed to contain Thrips. Water is placed in the outside portion of the tank, and a receptavle of some sort is put under the opening of the funnel. When heat is ap- plied to the wtter of the outside tank, the insects, mites, and other arthropods in the debris are incited to activity, and they scurry
about, falling into the funnel which directs them into the recepta-
cle at its lower end. The specimens may be collected alive in a dry
| Vial, or-in alcohol. For es the former metnod is recomended.
* See Entomological News. Vol. , pe. .
The Important Injurious Species of the State of Illinois. Small and apparently insignificant though the thrips are, they
Cannot be disregarded from an economic standpoint. Only a few spe=- cies, to be sure, must be Considered as decidedly injurious, but these are widespread in their distribution and difficult to con- trol. Doubtless much damage, really caused by these tiny foes, is ascribed to more Conspicuous but less injurious insects.
Before any preventive or remedial measures are to be taken, then, one should make sure that he is really dealing with a species of thrips. This is not at all a difficult task if one is provided with a strong hand lens or a compound microscope, for these insects are
the only ones with a delicate fringe on all four wings, and with tar-
si or feet that have at their tips a proturusitle bladder-like or- gan which, though made slightly adhesive bt a secretion from glands in the foot, depends largely upon suction for its successful opera-= tion.
These Characters, though the only perfectly satisfactory ones,
are not visible to the naked eye; and so the farmer or gardener will
find it necessary to familiarize himself with their general appear- ance. This is not very difficult, for thrips are exceedingly abundant in Summer, fairly swarming in many species of flowers in our gardens and greenhouses, and on our farms. If almost any flower be carefully examined, minute, linear, slender insects, yellowish or brownish in Color and about one a a eoeone of an inch in length, will be seen running about and iaubine, in a frantic attempt to escape. These are
thrips. Folded along their backs while they are at rest are two pairs
of delicate, linear wings, fringed around their edges with numerous
fine cilia or hairs. Weak though these wings appear, they are really
Capable of supporting the insect in sustained flight. In feeding, the thrips usually move parallel to the veins of
the leaf. The green parts of the plant, chiefly, are punctured by thd lacerating, spine-like mandibles which are completely enclosed within a beak-like mouth-cone attached to the ventral or under surface of © head; the sap is then withdrawn by suction. The emptied plant cells become white and shrivelled as they dry up, and as the insect moves on to fresh cells, the traces of its feeding are shown by irregular
streaks of dry, whitened cells. Behind them, as they feed, they leave
a row of dark colored dots of excrement, which are sometimes mistaknn for eggs. There is thus no chewing of the plant tissues; the cells
are simply punctured and their juices removed, the damage appearing
in the form of whitish streaks and spots.
If a female of one of our common plant-loving species be Care- fully watched while it feeds, it may often be seen to deposit an egg. This is done by means of a hollow, saw-like ovipositor composed of four Closely fitting plates. It is analogous to the sting of the honey bee, and is inserted through the plant epidermis, usually in a place where the mouth parts have first weakened the tissue or broken en- tirely through it. An egg is Conducted through the cavity between the plates and deposited beneath the epidermis. The softest and ten-
derest parts are always chosen for deposition, for their is danger of
the ovipositor getting caught if the tissue is hard. Also it is ne- cessary during egg developement that the surrounding tissue be flexi-
ble and moist, for the egg covering is elastic and the embryonic
thrips within increases in size very noticeably before the larva is= sues. After about four days, the young larva issues from the egg and feeds voraciously on the plant juices for a period varying in length
from about four days to more than three weeks. It then seeks some |
|
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7
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secluded spot, often below the surface of the soil, and goes into a pupal or resting stage. From this the adult insect may emerge in as
‘short a period as two days, or as long a period as several months,
depending on the species in question and the time of the year. There are always four stages-- egg, larva, pupa, and adult, covering from one. to many wooueoee and in all except the first, great damage may be done to the food plant by the extraction of sap. As each female normally lives for several weeks, and during all this time is busily engaged in depositing eggs which successively produce other females, the increase in numbers is very rapid and the injury to the food plant great.
In Illinois, we fortunately have only four or five species of thrips which are decidedly injurious. Each of these will be briefly discussed in turn.
THE ONION THRIPS. (Thrips tabaci Lindeman).- This is me of the most injurious species of thrips known, because of its great numbers and wide distribution. It is quite active, about one thirty-second of an inch long, and of 3 Pale yellowish color. tsp ttacks are largely confined to onions, Cabbages, enctatosnhonse Plants.
A spray of kerosine emulsion is recomended as the cheapest and most effective method of controlling this pest. It should be used at the strength of one part of the stock to ten parts of water.*
If the plants attacked are in a greenhouse, fumigation will of-
ten prove more satisfactory. The use of hydrocyanic-acid gas is re-
Comended. This gas is exceedingly poisonous, and should not be em-
ployed until one has thoroughly familiarized himself with its use.
ee me ee ce me es et et ee me es Ss es ee ne ee ee se see ee ee ec
* Full and detailed directions for preparing and using this spray are given in Circular 80, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It may be obtained upon application to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
tat ‘s
The work must be Conducted at night, and the plants should have dry
foliage. Use from 0.01 to 0.05 grams of Potassium cyanide per cu-
bic foot for from two hours to all night, the strength and length of exposure varying according to the tightness of the house anda the kinds of plants treated, as there is considerable difference between various plants to their resisting power to this gas.”
THE WHEAT THRIPS. (Euthrips tritici Fitch.).- This insect is a one thirty-second of an inch in length, and is of a pale orange yellow color. It is the most abundant species of eHPice in the state, occuring on almost every species of flowering plant. It is not quite as injurious as the Onion Thrips, however, for its attacks afte less confined to cultivated plants; it is very common in many kinds of flowers and on grasses and Cereals.
By far the greatest amount of damage seems to be done to straw- berries, in the blooms of which they swarm, and by their punctures of the essential parts of the flower they prevent its fertilization and the consequent developement of the fruit. This failure of bloon, though perhaps also produced by other insects and in other ways, is known to growers as “buttoning". The most serious injuries have been reported ftom Florida and Illinois. In dry seasons, the strawberry crop has been reduced to one third in some sections.
The best treatment, as in the case of the Onion Thrips, scoems
to be a spray of kerosine emulsion. "Rose-leaf Insecticide"-- a high
grade extract of tobacco-- is another excellent practical remedy
when used with 48 parts of water.
THE GRASS THRIPS. (Anaphothrips striatus Osborn.)-- This species
is about the same size as the two preceding, and of a pale yellow
Color, with a shading of black. Its injury is entirely confined to
SO SSD SE 0 ey RD Ds Se es es se eg se a ee ee ee Se ee
#*See Circulars 37 and 57, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dep't. Agri.
es
grasses. The most Conspicuous effects of its work are the dead tops of June grass and timothy, known commonly as “Silver top" or "White top". This is caused by the abstraction of sap from the tender axial stems, thus cutting off the supply of sap to the head, which there-
fore fails to bear seed. In the case of wheat, rye, oats, etc., this
and the preceding species suck the milk directly from the growing kernels in the ear and produce an abortive condition of the head.
As the female hibernates above ground, burning in early spring will destroy large numbers of them. As the damage is most severe on worn out meadows, fields, and lawns, fertilization and early har- vesting will also be effective.
THE GREENHOUSE THRIPS. (Heliothrips hdémorrhoidalis, and H. femoralis.)-- These species do little damage in this state, but in
the east and in the Old World their injuries are of prime importance. The same remedies may be used as recomended for the Onion Thrips. BOth these greenhouse species are slightly larger and stouter than
the preceding species, and ere nearly black in color.
Key to the Sub-Orders.
I. Female with a saw-like ovipositor. Last abdominal segment of female conical; that of male sometimes like that of female, but more frequently broadly rounded. Wings with numerous microscopic spines; fringing hairs jointed at their inser- tion into the wing membrane; fore wings with at least one vein extending from base to tip of wing.
Sub-order Terebrantia.
I. Female without an ovipositor. Last abdominal segment tube-like in both sexes. Wings without microscopic spines; fringing hairs not jointed at their insertion into the wing membrane; fore wings with a single rudimentary vein, extending from base to near middle of wing. Sub-order Tubulifera. Represented only by Fam. Phloeothripidae.
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SUB-ORDER TEREBRANTIA,
In this sub-order belong all the more active species of Thysanoptera, and those which are of the greatest economic import- ance. They are usually smaller than the Tubulifera, are often quite highly colored. The Onion Thrips, the Pear Thrips, the Greenhouse Thrips, the Tobacco Thrips, and a host of other injurious species belong here. Because of the economic importance of this group, they have been more extensively studied than their relatives the Phloeo- thripidae, this resulting frequently in a multiplication of scienti=- fic names, a confusion of the species, and a consequent difficulty of taxonomic work.
The Terebrantia are divisible into two distinct families, as follows:
ee ee eee eee ee
A. Antennae always nine-segmented. Wings of both pairs broad and rounded at tips; fore wings with cross veins. Ovipositor curved upward.... Family AEOLOTHRIPIDAE.
AA. Antennae usually 6- 8 segmented, very rarely 9- segmented. Wings narrow and pointed at tips; fore wings without cross veins. Ovipositor curved down- WArdB.eeee Family THRIPIDAE.
Family AKOLOTHRIPIDAR.
This family includes the most primitive Thysanoptera known, as is shown by the nine-segmented antennaéé, the broad veined wings, the absence of antennal sense-cones, etc. They are all moder- ately active species, and feed almost entirely in the flowers of plants,
A, Antennae strongly geniculate, with the tip of second segment strongly produced inwardly beyond the insertion of the third. Ankothrips Crawford.
AA, Antennae not geniculate; second segment not produced beyond insertion of the third.
a. Maxillary palpi seven=~ or eight-segmented; - labial palpi 4- or 5-segmented. Ninth abdominal segment of males not prolonged into hooked clasping organ.
Orothrips Moulton.
aa. Maxillary palpi three-segmented; labial palpi four-segmented.
b. Head very large, swollen, hemi- spherical, widest at posterior margin, compactly united to prothorax. Fore wings widest near base, Oncerothrips. gen.
nov.
bb. Head small, sub-rectangular, para- liel sided, not at all united to prothorax. Fore wings widest api- cally. AEolothrips Haliday
Genus ANKOTHRIPS Crawford, 1909. Ankothrips Crawford. Pomona College Journ. Ent. Vo} 1, No-4 Dec. 1909, p. 100. Dicé#atothrips Trybom; Schultze, Zoologische und anthro- \oa/ polische Engebnine einer Fora&chungsreise im west- 1ischen un zentrale® Sudafri8a, ausgefuhrt in dem Jahren 1903-05. Vierter Band. Erste Lieferung.
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In this recently described genus I place Ankothrips ro- bustus Crawford and Diésratothrips fissidens Trybom. The former was described from California where it was taken on the California Laurel and the California Lilac, while the latter occurs in the
ma
flowers of the "Pferdebusche¥" in Klein-Bamsland, Africa.
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Genus AKOLOTHRTPS.
Three readily separable species of this genus occur in Illinois, as follows:
A. Wings cross-banded. a. Abdominal segments 2 and 3 with a trans- worse white band. ..sesssesscecesse cA. Dicolor Hinds.
aa. Abdominal segments 2 and 3 concolorous with remainder of abdomen, ........AE. fas¢iatus Linne )
B. Wings pale, with a longitudinal black band_ Blomg posterior margin. .66...-.csceees cA. hartis / . Hood, MSS,
ABolothrips bicolor Hinds.
AKFolothrips bicolor Hinds. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XXVI, No. 1310, 1902, p. 130.
| A very common native species in the flowers grow- ing along the roadsides of Illinois.
AKolothrips fasciatus (Linne).
| Another common species, frequently found associated with the preceding one in similar situations. Probably introduced from Europe,
AEolothrips hartii Hood. MSS.
Common on locust trees at Havana, Illinois.
Genus OROTHRIPS Moulton, 1907. Bald. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.«, Tech. Ser., No. 12, part Til, p. 45.
Head slightly wider than long. Antennaé nine-segmented, moder- | ately slender, all segments freely movable, but the apical four some- what oe5 closely united than the others. Maxillary palpi seven- or eight-segmented; labial palpi four- or five-segemnted. Prothorax | wider than long, usually slightly longer than head; posterior margin
_ sometimes with strong spines. Fore tibiaé unarmed; fore tarsi with
the usual hook-like appendage. Wings broadened distally, where they May be twice as broad as at basal third. Wings of first pair cross- banded in both the known species. Ninth abdominal segment of male
not prolonged at the posterior angles into hooked, clasping organs.
I have preferred to extend the description of Qrothrips to in- Clude the species described below rather than to erect a new genus for it, for the reason that the differences between my specimens and - Moulton's diagnosis may possibly be more apparent than real,and due | partly to inaccuracies of observation and description. I am led to this conclusion by the statement in the original description that
all the tibiae of Qrothrips are armed. A comparison of Moulton's
figure (Pl. I, fig. 1) with that given by Uzel on Tab. V, fig. 38
of his Monographie will show that such is not the case.
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pr:
Orothrips flavus sp. nov.
Female.+ Length about 1.6 mm. (1.47- 1.77 mm.). Color testaceous, prothorax orax with an indistinct V- shaped, brown cross-band at middle of dorsum; head and prothorax slightly darker; abdomen with a faint indication of a pale cross-band on segments 1, 2, and 3; antennal
segments 1-4 pale yellowish white, remainder of antenna black.
Head about one and one-fourth times as wide as long, round-
ly angulate between antennaéé, and slightly shorter and narrower than _prothorax; cheeks slightly arcuate; dorsal and lateral surfaces faint- ly transverse striate, set with numerous minute spines. Eyes large, pijose, prolonged on ventral surfaces, and with large, distinct fa-
cets. Ocelli large, equidistant. Antennae moderately slender, about as long as combined lengths of head, pro- and mesothorax, the last
four segments united into a more or less compact club; segment 1
broadest, nearly as wide as long, tapering apically; 2 distinctly
longer and narrower than 1; 3= 6 long, cylindrical, successively decreasing in length’, 4 distinctly shorter than 3; 7 slightly long-
er than 6, usually about equal to 5 in length® and narrowing apical-.
ly; 8 abruply shorter, one-half to one-third as long as 7, and twice to five times as long as 9, which is sub-concave and usually about
as long as wide. Segments 1-4 pale yellowish white, 3 and 4 slightly more whitish; 4 clowded apically with black; 5- 9 uniform black. Seg- ments 5-9 quite thivkly clothed with short, white, inconspicuous
hairs of uniform length; 5, 6, and 7 each with a short,linear, pale, sensory area on ventral surface .* Maxillary palpi eight-segmented ; labial palpi four segmented. Ventral surface of head with two pairs of prominent spines, one of which is sub-antennal and the other of
which is situated between the posterior angles of the eyes, just anterior to the chitonous thickening.
Prothorax subrectangular, slightly wider than long, and a little wider than head, sides and posterior margin slightly arcuate, hind angles broadly rounded; surface with numerous minute spines.
Mesothorax broader than prothorax, anterior angles broadly rounded. _Mesonotum transversely striate; metathorax narrowed posteriorly,
_metanotum faintly transversely striate. Wings long; fore wings ex-
panded apically , broadest at apical sixth, where they are twice as wide as at bas_al fourth; venation normal to the group; spines on
anterior portion of ring vein short, slightly projecting beyond margin of wing; first and second longitudinal veins set with respectively about 20 and 14 short spines. Color of fore wings pale brown, with
two white cross bands; a narrow one at basal seventh, and a slightly
wider one at apical seventh; intermediate brown area somewhat paler at middle; hind wings white.
Abdomen sub-piliolate, at seventh segment twice as wide as
at base and one and one half times as wide as pterothorax; posterior
margin of segments 1, 2, and 3 white or whitish, segments 9 and 10
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* Similar areas are almost certain to be present on seg-
ments 3 and 4 as in AFkolothrips fasciatus and Ak. bicolor, but I
have not been able to make them out on my specimens.
_——_-
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Measurements: of a female from Odin, Illinois:- Length 1.735 mm. ; head, length .17 mm., width .21 mm.; prothorax, length .2£1 m., width -24 mm.3 pterothorax, width .30 mm.; abdomen, width .47 mm, Antennéé: i, 394%; 2, 484; 5, 162%; 4, says 8, 75p3 6, 6245 7, 6643 8, 2343
9, 1245 total .63 mm., width 25 mm,
Measurements: of a female from Monterey, Mexico:- Length 1.4 m., head, length .150 mm., width .21 mm.; prothorax, length .<0O mm., width .23 mm.; pterothorax, width .50 mm.; Ape width .55 mn. Antennae: 1, 334; 2, 5643 3, 152; 4, 89%; 5, 675 6 - Agr; car Bes.
8, B5n; 9, lang total @oLl7 mn., width -O25 mm.
Male.- Similar to female, but slenderer and with longer anten-
nae. Measurements of a male from Monterey, Mexico:- Length 1.07 mm.; head, length .147 mm., width .174 mm.; prothorax, length .160 mm., width .181 mm.; pterothorax, width .245 mm.; abdomen, width ~192 mm, Antennéé: 1, 3643 2, 4545 3, 154; 4, 18745 5, 9eK5 6, 7745 ¥; Li at S, 24-3 9, i total .65 mm, width .027 mm. ;
Measurments of the antenna® of a male from Brownsville, Texas:- 1, Sle; 2, 39%; 3, 118%; 4, 1064; 5, 754; 6, 65 7, TH 8, 17-5 eo, Br total -54 mm, sa i a
Described from several specimens of both sexes taken in sweepings by Mr. Charles A. Hart at Monterey and Matamoras, Mexico, at Brownsville, Texas, and at Odin and DuBois, Illinois, in June and | July.
This species may | eeetaly be distinguished from all other eastern A®olothripidde by its pale coloration and by the greater num- ber of segments in the maxillary palpus. In at least one of these respects, however, it resembles Orothrips kellogii Moulton, described from California. But it differs strongly from that species in that the maxillary palpi are eight- instead of seven-segmented, the labial palpi are four- instéad of five-segmented, and the fore wings are greatly expanded apically and twice as wide near apex as at basal ‘third. These points of distinction may also be noted by a comparison with Moulton's figures. The strong spines on the posterior prothora- cic margin of kellogii are greatly reduced in flavus,being no longer than the discal ones; the brown cross band at the middle of the fore wings is nearly twice as wide in flavus and frequently shows a ten- dency to form two cross hands by the appearance of a pale, central area; the ventral sensory areas on the fifth and sixth segments of the antennée are slit-like in flavus and circular in kellogii; and the “ring vein" of the fore wings seems in Moulton's species to be armed with slightly longer spines.
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pers 2c Saad
Oncerothrips gen. nov. ( dyKNPOs, swoll en*; Opt i a) Head very large, swollen, hemispherical, widest at posterior | Margin, compactly united to prothorax. Antennéé nine-segmented, very Slender, apical segments scarcely more closely united than the others. Maxillary palpi three-segmented; labial palpi four-segmented. Pro- thorax slightly wider than lorg and slightly longer than head, dis- tinctly narrowed posteriorly, where it is three-fourths its anterior | breadth; posterior margin without strong spines. Fore tibiaé unarmed; second fore tarsal segment with the usual hook-like appendage. Wings very slender; fore wings widest near base, cross-banded, apical three- fifths of anterior margin set with long spines. Type-- Aeolothrips vespiformis Crawford. This genus is a very distinct one, readily separable from AEolo- thrips Haliday (which it should follow in a linear arrangement of the
_ genera) by the compactly united head and prothorax.
Oncerothrips vespiformis (Crawford) AKolothrips Wespiformis Crawford, Fomona College Journal of
Entomology, Vol. I, No. 4, Dec. 1909, p. 109. The specimen from which the original description of this species was drawn was collected in Managua, Nicaragua; I have specimens from Brownsville, Texas, collected in the summer of 1908 by Mr. Charles
A. Hart.
* In reference to the unusually large head.
————_— - 7 = a
Genus CHIROTHRIPS Haliday, 1836.
KEY TO FEMALES.
I. Second antennal segment not prolonged at outer apical angle. C- hamatus Trybom.
Il. Second antennal segment with a subacute prolongation at the outer anterior angle.
a. Posterior prothoracic angles with two moderately long spines.
b. First antennal segment shorter than the second
and without a transverse carina; combined lengths
of segments 7 and 8 about three-fifths as great
as that of segment 6. Greatest width of fore wings | (exclusive of scale) five-thirds as great as the width at middle. Basal abdominal segments with a
transverse chitinous line...C. manicatus Haliday.
bb. First antennal segment longer than the second, with a transverse carina. Combined lengths of segments 7 and 8 about five-sixths as great as that of segment 6. Greatest width of fore wings (exclusive of scale) four thirds as great as the width at middle. Basal abdominal segments with a transverse row of about 18 small, dark brown,
arcuate, chitinous thickenings at basal third.
C. Capriolae sp. nov.
aa. Posterior prothoracic angles without long spines.
¢c. "Abdomen light yellow" (Hinds)...C. obesus Hinds.
cc. “Abdomen light brown" (Hinds)..¢C. crassus Hinds.
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Chirothrips caprioléé sp. nov.
Female.- Length about 1.1 mm. Color blackish brown; segments 1-8 of abdomen often brownish yellow; pterothorax tinged with reddish.
Head slightly longer than wide; anterior portion with
three pairs of small spines, one at anterior angle of eyes, the others
in a transverse row in front of eyes. Antennae less than twice as long as head; segment 1 concolorous with head, shorter than segment
2, and provided with a prominant transverse carina; 2 brownish yel-
low, darkened laterally and basally; 3 blackish yellow; 4-8 blackish brown; 3 and 4 each with a long, stout sense cone on outer surface. Mouth cone about .6 as long as head; maxillary palpi three-segmented,
Prothorax faintly reticulate; posterior margins with about five pairs of short spines in addition to the prominent ones at the posterior angles. Fore coxée projecting beyond the lateral outline of prothorax; fore femora swollen, reticulate apically, and with a sharp ridge separating the dorsal and lateral surfaces; fore
tibiae very short (about .4 as long as femora), broader than long, _ prominently reticulate; fore tarsi slender. Tarsi, fore tibidé, and
inner surface of fore femora yellow; rest of legs nearly concolorous with body.
Abdominal bristles as in C. manicatus Haliday; basal segments of abdomen with a transverse row of small, arcuate, chiton- ous thickenings at basal third.
Measurements:- Total length 1.08 mm.; head, length
11 mm., width .10 mm.; prothorax, length .19 mm., width (excluding
coxae) .23 mm.; mesothorax, width .29 mm.; abdomen, width .27 mm.
Antennae: 1 Sly 2 Oh: 3 26un: 4 24n; 5 2 - 6 BQ: 7 13 | 8, 13.5 total, .19 mae jomabar the? 2 ve An; 5) ia a) Jams)
Male.- Length about .8 mm. Color clear lemon yellow, excepting the last two abdominal segments, the five apical antennal segments, and the lateral surfaces of the femora and tibiae of the middle ana
‘hind pair of legs, which are blackish brown. First antennal segment
longer than the second, but without transverse carina.
Measurements :- Length -78 mm.; head, length .090 m., width, .090 mm.; prothoraz, length .171 mm., width (excluding coxae) «£04 mm.; mesothorax, width .238 mm.; abdomen, width .240 mm. Anten- ae 2Om§ 3, 255 4, 254; 5, 24; 6; 28u5 fy Lies 6, 7;
Described from two males and many females taken in sweep-
ing from Bermuda grass (Capriola dactylon), at Matamoras and “onter-
ey, Mexico, at Brownsville, Texas, and at Pulaski, Illinois, by Mr.
| Charles A. Hart.
This distinct and readily recognized species is not an un-
common one in eweepings from Bermude Grass, where it seemingly re- places the dominant C._manicatus of the north.
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CALOTHRIPS gen. nov. (wadAds, beautiful; OPty .)
Head about as long as wide; vertex swollen, produced, overhang-
ing and slightly surpassing base of antennde. Eyes prominent, pro-
truding. Antennéé eight-segmented; style much shorter than segment ; all sanse Cones simple. Maxillary palpi three-segmented. Protho-
rax distinctly longer than head and nearly as long as wide, broadest
‘near base; posterior angles with two long spines, all other spines | small and scarcely visible. Wings often lacking; when present, moder- | ately broad, without color pattern; fore pair with two longitudinal
| veins reaching nearly to tip; hind pair with a simple median vein;
anterior margins of fore wings set with very long and slender spines
which are scarcely distinguishable from the fringe.
Typs-- Calothrips cinctus sp. nov.
This genus is suggestive of Aptinothrips, Euthrips, and Rhaphi-
| dothrips. It strongly resembles the first in the produced vertex and
| in that the antennal sense Cones are simple, as in Chirothrips, Limo-
thrips, Heterothrips, Parthenothrips, and certain species of Helio-
thrips; but it differs most noticeably from the two described species
of Aptinothrips in the much longer and stronger dorsal bristles. In
this last respect, it approaches Euthrips, but in that genus the an-«
tennal sense cones are U- or V= shaped, the prothorax is wider, and
the vertex is not swollen or produced. Its resemblance to Rhaphidothri-
| ps lies in a similarity of structure of the apical antennal segments,
in the presence in both genera of two prominent bristles at the hind
angles of the prothorax, and in the larger size of the apical abdominal
bristles; it differs from that genus, however, in that the sixth an-
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Calothrips cinctus sp. nov.
Female.- Forma brachyptera. Length about 1.0 mm. General color dark blackish brown to black, with pterothorax, first abodomianl seg- ment, intermediate antennal segments, and legs,yellow, slightly sha- ded with brown; prothorax often slightly paler than head.
}
Head about as long as wide, slightly shorter than prothorax; vertex swollen, produced anteriorly, broadly rounded as seen from above; dorsal surface faintly cross striate and armed with but two pairs of moderately long slender bristles, the first pair of which is situated opposite center of eyes and the second pair of which is placed slightly behind the inner posterior angle of the eyes. Eyes moderate’in size,’ protruding. Ocelli lacking, or with the antorior one greatly reduced or wanting. Antennée moderately slender, about 1.7 times as long as head; segments 1 and 2 brown, the latter paler towards apex and at middle; 3-5 pale yellow, sometimes slightly sha- ded with brown; 6-8 brown, concolorous with head; sense gones pale, slender, simple; forma 3, 0-1; 4, 0-1; 5, 1-0; 6, 1-1"
Prothorax blackish brown, very slightly broader than long and somewhat longer and wider than head; posterior angles each with two long, slender spines; anterior angles with a pair of smaller,
weaker bristles, about equal in size to a posterior marginal pair; all other spines small and scarcely visible. Mesothorax slightly wider than prothorax, fore angles broadly rounded; metathorax close- ly united to mesothorax, and of about equal width throughout; meso- and meta-thorax uniform pale lemon yellow. Legs rather short and stout, yellow in color; femora and bases of tibiaé often shaded with brown.
Abdomen moderately long, slender, distinctly broader than pterothorax; apex sharply conical, segment 10 with a longitudinal dorsal suture; spines on segments 9 and 10 long, strong, dark in color, and quite prominent.#? Segment 1 of abdomen pale yellow, son- colorous with pterothorax; remainder of abdomen dark blackish brown, _ concolorous with, or somewhat darker then, prothorax.
| Measurements:- Length 1.02 mm; head, length .135 mm., width | 140 mm.; prothorax, length .158 m,, width . 180 mm. $ pterothorax, width .200 mm.; abdomen, width -265 mm, Antennae: 1, 2445 2, 354;
3, 394; 4, 33 fbie ‘en i B5u3 5, Blu; 6, SK; 7, 11M; 8, 15K; total.837 mm., width
Female.- Forma macroptera.- Length about 1.1 mm. General color nearly unif: uniform dark blackish brown, with pterothorax slightly paler and with legs and intermediate segments of antennéé brownish yellow, the former shaded with brown or black.
| Similar to forma brachyptera, but differing from it as fol- lows: Ocelli always present, subequal in size, equidistant. Meso- _ thorax distictly broader than prothorax and metathorax; pterothorax
= ee ee ee Ee UP Oe we ee ee we ee ee ee ee ee ee me ee ee ee es ee ee ee oe
a
concolorous with,or slightly paler than,remainder of body. Wings long; nearly attaining tip of abdomen, very pale in color, shaded with a light wash of brownish; fore wings with two longitudinal veins reaching nearly to tip; anterior vein with about nine pale bristles, usually two near apex, and about six or seven near base; posterior vein with about nine nearly equidistant similar bristles; hind wings paler than fore wings, with a single longitudinal vein. Legs often dark in color, the femora and tibiae being shaded with bhack or brown.
First abdominal segment blackish brown.
Measurements:-“Length 1.14 mm.; head, length .128 mn., width .141 mm.; prothorax, length .164 mm., width .186 mm.; meso- thorax, width .233 mm,; metathorax, width .203 mm.; abdomen, width -270 mm,.Antennae: 1, 234; 2, S24; 3, Ber; 4, Bou; 5; 3EK5 6, 545 7, 1Ons a; 145 total .234 mm., width .018 mm,
Described from several specimens of both forms taken at Matamoras, Mexico, and Brownsville, Texas by Charles A. Hart; and at Grand Tower, Illinois, by Charles A. Hart and the writer.
| The short winged form of this species is very striking and characteristic. In the field, the pale transverse band separates it
at once from all members of its family with which it could possibly
_be confused. And in the laboratory, the microscope shows simple an-
_tennal sense’cones, a broadly rounded produced vertex, long abdomin- al bristles on the last two segments, and two pairs of long bristles on the posterior angles of the prothorax-- a combination of charact- ers hitherto unknown.
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Euthrips compositarum sp. nov.
Female.- Length about 1.0 mm. General color dark blackish brown
to nearly black; tarsi and fore tibiae yellowish; antennae nearly
concolorous with body.
Head nearly as long as wide, sides parallel; all spines short, inconspicuous; postocular bristles wanting. Antennae stout, slightly. more than twice as long as head, of nearly equal length from base to
style; segment 2 large, twice as long as 1; 3 and 4 subglobose, sub-
equal in length, the former with a very slender pedicel; 5 smaller
| and rather abruptly narrower than the preceding segment; 6 longest,
about twice as long as style; style slender, its second segment
Slightly longer than its first. Antennal coloration: segments l, 2,
and 4-8 concolorous with body, 2 slightly darkened at sides; 3 slight-
| ly paler at base.
Pro thorax slightly longer than head; posterior angles each with
two long spines, in addition to two slightly shorter peirs on the
hind margin; anterior angles each with two short, inconspicuous spines; disk with several small scattered spines, of which an anter- ior marginal pair is largest. Fore wings nearly uniformly clouded with brown, excepting a very small, longitudinal, transparent area
near base, just behind the anterior vein; anterior vein set with an
unbroken series of about 18 spines; hind wings colorless, excepting
for the brown longitudinal vein which reaches almost to tip. Legs nearly concolorous with body; fore tibidé shading to pale brownish yellow at apex; tarsi brownish yellow.
Abdomen scarcely wider than the pterothorax; spines slender, light brown; extreme posterior margin of segment 8 with a row of
about ten very fine spines.
eer’ “st
Measurements:- Length 1.05 mm.; head, length .11 mm., width .13 mm.; prothorax, length .12 mm., width .17 mm.; pterothorax, width .225 mm.; abdomen, width .225 mm. Antennge: 1, 164 3 2, B2u;3 8, 36+; | 4, B5A5 5, Bn; 6, B9n5 7, 95 8, 1245 total, .20 mm.; width .024 mn.
Described from numerous females taken in flowers at Brownsville,
Texas, by Charles A. Hart. This little species is very closely related to Euthrips minutus
Moulton, recently described from California.
* Bulletin U. S. Bur.-.Ent., Technical series, No. 12, Part III,
| De 56, Pl. IV, figs. S25 Sole
Anthothrips graminis sp. nov.
Female.- Length about 1.5 mm, General color durk blackish brown to almost black, with a reddish cast, due to the presence of maritoon hypodermal pigmentation; tarsi, apical half of tibiaé of first pair, and intermediate antennal segments, yellow or yellowish.
Head somewhat longer than wide, broadest across cheeks; cheeks gently rounded, sub-parallel; vertex rounded, slightly pro- duced, the anterior ocellus slightly overhanging; dorsal and lateral surfaces set with several short inconspicuous spines; post-ocular bristbes pointed,nearly one third as long as head. Eyes slightly more than one third as long as head, not protruding. Ocelli anterior; posterior ocelli opposite anterior third of eyes. Antennée about one and one-half times as long as head, moderately stout; segments 1 and 2 dark blackish brown, the latter paler toward apex and at middle; 3 yellow, shaded laterally with brown; 4-8 successively darker in co- lor, ranging gradually from brownish yellow to blackish brown; seg- ment 3 subconical, swollen, noticeably narrower and shorter than segment 4; 4-6 sub-globose, pedicellate, the last truncated at apex; 7 oblong, pedicellate, truncate at apex, and broadly united to 8, which is sub-conical; sense cones short, moderately stout, those on segments 3 and 4 blunt; formula: 3, 0-1; 4, 2-2; 5, l-1t'; 6, 1-1;
7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone blunt, about half as long
as head, slightly surpassing middle of prosternum.
Prothorax a little more than two-thirds as long as head, and (including coxdéé) about 1.7 times as wide as long, surface near- ly smooth; anterior marginal spines wanting, others blunt, the two pairs at the posterior angles longest. Pterothorax slightly wider
_than prothorax, about as broad as long, sides gently arcuate, slight-
ly converging posteriorly. Wings present,clear; fore wings conspicue’!
ously narrowed at middle, with a slight brownish clowd at extreme
base, snd with the sub-apical fringe on posterior margin double for
about seven hairs. Fore tarsi armed with a small acute tooth.
Abdomen slightly wider than pterothorax. Tube rather short, about .6 as long as head, and about twice as long as its basal width,
Measurements: Length, 1.5 mm.; head, length .200 mm., width e171 mm.3; prothorax, length .150 mm., width (including cox&e) .266 mm.; pterothorax, width .290 mm.; abdomen, width .320 mm.; tube, length .117 mm., width at base .057 mm., at apex .032 mm. Antennae: 1, 334; 2, 3945 3, 374 4, 4284; 5, 3943 6, 3645 7, BE 8, 2545 to- ct, .620 me
Male.- Similar to female but slightly smaller (length about 1.2
mm.). Fore femora often swollen, and fore tarsi armed with a rather
large, stout tooth. Abdomen slender.
Described from several specimens of both sexes, collected
by Mr. Charles A. Hart, at Brownsville and Loma, Texas, and at Ma- _tamoras, Mexico, in June and July, 1908.
i
Genus LIQTHRIPS Uzel, 1895.
The following synopsis will aid in distinguishing the new species described below from all its known congeners. The characters of the species setinodis, hradacensis, and major have been drawn from their published descriptions, which in most cases are extremely vague and
unsatisfactory.
A. Fore tibiae yellow.
a. Antennae yellow, their first and last segemnts dark. Head 1.2 times as long as wide. Scotland, Bohemia, England; in summer on leaves of oak and elm, and in winter in noss @eeeeeoeseeeoeseeeee#eeeeeesneeoanese Ge & 6 @ Le setinodis Reuter.
aa. All antennal segments excepting the third partially or entirely dark. Head about 1.3 times as long as wide. Middle and hind tibiaé black, abruptly yellow at tip. Bohemia; one specimen, on leaf of Heracleum sphondylium. Le hradacensis Uzel.
B. Fore tibiae nearly or quite concolorous with the body. b. Head not more than 1.35 times as long as wide.
Cc. Length nearly 2.5 mm.; fore tibiaé brownish yellow in apical half. antennal segments 3 and 4, and the basal halves of 5 and 6 orange-yellow; spines long, pointed; marginal abdominal bristles pale; tube .8 as long as head; subapical fringe on posterior mar- gin of fore wings double for about nineteen hairs. A large Clumsy species, occurring commonly on hick- ory in TL PAMOUG sacs estes vie «es 06 L- -cary&é (Fi.teh )i
cc. Length scarcely exceeding 2.0 mm.; fore tibiaé black.
d. Antennae with third segment abruptly lemon yellow, remainder of antenna dark blackish brown. Brist- les long and pointed; marginal abdominal spines pale; tube .9 as long as head; subapical fringe on posterior margin of fore wings double for about fourteen hairs. Mexico; one specimen taken in sweepings.... L- varicornis sp. nov.
dd. Antennaé with segments 3 and 4 entirely or largely yellow; 5 yellow in basal half; 6-8 concolor- ous with body.
@. Fordwings nearly black in basal half; head about 1.3 times as long as wide; eyes
prominent; postocular and prothoracic bristles short and blunt; marginal abdo- minal bristles nearly black; tube .6 as long as head. Illinois and Michigan; com- mon on oak leaves..L. umbripennis (Hood).
ee. Fore wings brownish at extreme base; head about 1.15 times as long as wide; post- ocular and prothoracic bristles short and blunt; eyes less prominent than in the preceding species; marginal abdominal bristles yellowish; tube about .8 as long as head. Illinois; rare; in summer, on hickory; and in winter, &n MOSS-.-.ccooee
L- ocellatus Hood.
bb. Head about 1.5 times as long as wide.
f. Antennée lemon-yellow; head broadest across eyes, which Be Palette? fore tibidéé concolorous with body; post- ocular and prothoracic bristles short and blunt; mar- ginal abdominal spines pale; tube about .7 as long as hea eeeecereceseeserecorerver Le GLEriCcornis (Hood).
ff. Antennéé yellow, both first and last segments dark. Africa; one specimen; habitat not recorded..c.-...ee.
L- major Buffa.
—
~ Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania; common on grape Py and hickory.
Liothrips varicornis sp. nov.
Female.- Length about 2.1 mm, General color dark blackish ‘brown or black; tarsi, articulations of legs, apices of antennal seg- ments, and tip of tube paler; third antennal segment abruptly pale yellow.
Head about one and one fifth times as long as wide, broad- est across cheeks; cheeks gently arcuate, slightly converging poster- dorly; vertex elevated, produced, the anterior ocellus distinctly overhanging; dorsal and lateral surfaces finely transversely striate, set with several short inconspicuous spines; postoccular bristles pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes large, finely faceted, not at all protmuding, one third as long as head. Ocelli anterior; posterior ocelli opposite anterior third of eyes; anterior ocellus overreaching insertion of antennae. Antennéé twice as long as head, moderately slender; segments 1 and 2 nearly concolorous with body, 2 slightly paler toward apex and its middle; 3 pale yellow, slightly clowded apically; 4-8 nearly concolorous with body, slightly paler apically; segements 3-6 clavate, pedicellate; 7 oblong, pedicellate; | 8 sub-conical 5 sense cones slender, colorless; formula: 3, O-1; 4, 1-1"! ; 5, 1-1"! ; 6, 1-1f' ; 7 with one on dorsum near apex. Mouth cone acute, just attaining base of prosternum.
eS , Prothorax two-thirds as long as head, and (including coxae ) about 2.3 times as wide as long; all spines present, moderately long, pointed, brown, the two pairs near the posterior angles longest; cox- al spine straight, pointed, about equal in length to anterior margin- als. Pterothorax slightly wider than prothorax, and somewhat wider than long; sides sub-parallel, slightly converging posteriorly. Wings long, closely fringed, not narrowed at middle; fore wings margined with a slight shading of brown, and with a narrow median brown bar, originating just beyond the three basal spines and becoming obsoles- cent before apex of wing; sub-basal spines set in a narrow, dark brown longitudinal vitta; sub-apical fringe on posterior margin, dou- ble for about fourteen hairs; hind wings clear, with a median longi- tudinal vein extending about to middle. Legs rather stout, not long, fore tarsi unarmed,
Abdomen large, slightly wider than pterothorax, tapering «= roundly from segment 6 to base of tube. Tubes about .9 as long as head, twice as wide at base as at apex, tapering evenly its entire length. Abdominal bristles moderately long, pointed, pale; terminal bristles slightly shorter than tube.
Measurements:- Length 2.13 mm, 3 head, length .270 mn., width -2£21 mm.; prothorax, length .180 mm., width (including coxée) | .405 mm.; pterothorax, width .465 mm.; abdomen, width .510 mm; tube, | aeaeth us mm., width at base .096 mm., at apex, .048 mm. Antennae:
» OY 3 2, 60%3 5, 87; 4, 78 5, 753 6, 68-3 7, 635 8, 41+; to- tal, .511 mm.3; width at Boecen: 4: 041 um oe? ya
| Described from one female, taken in sweepings from grass and weeds, at Monterey, Mexico, July 5, 1908, by Charles A. Hart.
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|
Phioéothrips vittatus sp. nov.
Female.- Unknown. Male.- Length about <.2 mm. Dorsal surface closely reticulate, non-shining; ventral surface smooth. General color (by reflected
light) dark mahogany brown, with 2 narrow, latero-dorsel white stripe
extending along the sides of the prothorax and abdomen, terminating on the seventh abdominal segment; this stripe is about as wide as
the antenne, and is interrupted only on the pterothorax, where it is
entirely wanting. General color (by transmitted light )yellowish brown, with maroon hypodermal pigmentation; legs and tube blackish brown, non-pigmented; antennae nearly concolorous with body, inter- mediate segments yellowish at base and at apex.
Head about 1.2 times as long as wide; dorsal and latersel sur- faces closely and strongly reticulate, with several moderately pro- minent spiniferous tubercles, of which those on the cheeks and four near center of dorsum are especially noticeable; cheeks subparallel, converging rather abruptly to the eyes; posterior bristles lacking. Eyes moderately large, finely faceted, contained in eas and one-half times, and slightly narrower than their interval. Ocelli subapproximate, opposite center of eyes. Antennéé five-thirds as long as head; segments 35-5 clavate, abruptly narrower apically, urn- or vase-shaped; 6 and 7 Clavate, sharply conical; sense cones large, moderately slender; formula:s 3, 1-2; 4, 1-2*'; 5, 1-1t' ; 6, 1-1T'; 7 with one on dorsum near apex; segments 1 and 2 nearly concolorous
with body; 5-5 blackish brown, pale at apex, and with their basal
* The explanation of the formula for the antennal sense cones has been given in Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 1, Noe 4, p. 285, and
in Ent. News, Vol. XX, No. 1, p. 29, footnote.
two-fifths brownish yellow; 6-8 dark blackish brown, 6 with pale pe- dicel. Mouth cone pointed, nearly attaining base of prosternun.
FProthorax three-fourths as long as head, and including coxae,
about 1.8 times as wide as long; all usual spines present, dilated | apically, the outer pair at the posterior angles longest, twice as long as the coxal and the anterior angular pairs. Pterothorex slightly wider than long and broader then prothorax; sides nearly straight,
Slightly converging posteriorly. Wings long, nearly attaining tube,
not narrowed at middle, closely fringed, veinless; subapical fringe
on posterior margin of first pair double for about twenty hairs. Legs
normal; fore femora not swollen, about half as wide as head; fore
tarsi armed each with a short, characteristically shaped tooth (see
figure).
Abdomen moderately slender; segment 9 long, about equal to tube
in length, nearly circular as seen from above. Tube about five-sixths
as long as head, tapering evenly from base to apex; terminal bristles
| nearly as long as tube. Marginal bristles short, capitate, colorless.
Measurements:- Total length 2.18 mm.; head, length .30 mm.,
width .25 mm.; prothorax, length .23 mm., width (including coxée)
41 mm.; pterothorax, width.44 mm.; abdomen, width .45 mm.; tube, length .23 mm., width at base .09 mm., at apex .045 mm. Antennée:
z, SO 3 2» 57/5 oa ye 4, Uae S» Tees 6, as a3 ae ames eee total .507mm., width 41 .
Described from two macropterous males, taken by the writer on
a rotting poplar stump, near Baldwin, Michigan, August 17, 1908.
’
The peculiar Coloration of this insect distinguishes it at once from all other species of its genus. Its resemblance, however, both in Coloration and structure, to the species of Acanthothrips is
Striking. The principal characters of that genus are, of course, the
presence in both sexes of a subapical tooth on the fore
the urn- or vase-like form of the intermediate antennal
Phideothrips vittatus, though lacking the femoral tooth
thrips, possesses an antenna strikingly similar to that
cornis Reuter, and in coloration is strongly suggestive
vittatus m. It might be said that if the division between Fhioeothrips
femora, and segments.
of Acantho- of A. nodi-
Haliday and Acanthothrips Uzel were based on any other charactor
than the presence or absence of an acute tooth on the anterior femora,
rather this insect would fall in the latter,than in the former
genus.
Diceratothrips longipes sp. nov,
Male.- (Brachypterus).- Length about 2.3 mm. Color uniform black; surface shining.
rect-
Head sub-angular, 1.7 times as long as wide, truncate in front; cheeks sub-parallel, excepting for an abrupt, collar-like, basal widening about .04 mm. in length; dorsal and lateral surfaces faintly transversely striate, set with a few short, rather stout spines which are not raised on tubercles, and of which there is a longer and stronger pair near middle of dorsum and two pairs on the lateral outline at the basal and apical thirds, respectively; two pairs of small, inter-ocular spines, one just behind the posterior ocelli, the other near anterior angle of eye; post-ocular bristies pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli moderately large, their diameter about twice as great as that of fa- cets of eyes; posterior ones widely separated, nearly contiguous to margins of eyes; anterior ocellus situated on vertex, directed for- wards and upward. Antennae slightly less than twice as long as head, not inserted behind:vertex; segments 5-5 claviform, elongate, 3 near- ly five times as long as greatest sub-apical width; 6 and 7 oblong, pedicellate; 8 sub-conical; sense cones short, acute. Mouth cone broadly rounded at apex,reaching beyond midale of prosternum.
Prothorax about .6 as long as head, and (including coxée) almost twice as wide as long, surface nearly smooth; anterior angles produced into a strong, short, tooth-like projection about .017 mm. in length; posterior angles with three distinct sclerites; usual spines all present, the two pairs at the posterior angles much the longest, about as long as the post-oculars, the others about as long as those on clubs; fore coxaé armed with a single rather short spine; _Pterothorax slightly narrower than prothorax, sides sub-parallel. Wings reduced, .7 as long as head, slightly less than five times as long as wide. Legs very long; Spines: short, slender; inconspicuous; fore femora very large, longer than and .7 as wide as head, and about three times as long as wide; fore tarsi armed with a long, slenfer, straight tooth, nearly as long as eye.
Abdomen slender, slightly narrower than prothorax; sides sub-parallel to sixth segment, thence tapering to base of tube; slightly shorter than head, expanded in basal and sixth and narrowed
at apex, intermediate portion parallel-sided; terminal bristles weak, two-fifths as long as tube. Abdominal bristles pointed, long and strong, those on segment 9 nearly as long as tube.
| Measurements:-—- Length 2.27 mm.; head, length,.40 mm., width 24 mm.; prothorax, length .25 mm,, width (including coxdé) .47 mn.; _pterothorax, width .42 mm.; abdomen, width .45 mm.; tube, length .37 6953 Baie at Nee »102 mm., width at apex, .048 mm. Antennée: 1, pets <, 7245 3, 1744; 4, 12945 5, 108%; 6, 7845 7, 72%; 8, 424; to- Ue 7 Ee OS
| Described from one short-winged male, taken on huisache (Acacia farnesiana Willd.), in the South Texas Garden, Brownsville, Texas, June 27, 1908, by Mr. Charles A. Hart.
Diceratothrips hartii sp. nov.
Male. ( Macropterous).- Length sbout 2.4 mm, Color uniform ‘|black. Surface shining.
Head sub=rectangular, 1.7 times as long as wide, truncate in front; cheeks parallel, excepting for an abrupt collar-like basal widening about haffl) as long as eye; dorsal and lateral surfaces faint- ly transeversely striate; cheeks each with two rather stout spines at basal and apical thirds, respectively; middle of dorsum with a pair of small slender spines; two pairs of small interocular spines, one just behind posterior ocelli, the other near anterior angle of eyes and pointing directly forward; postocular bristles pointed, about as long as eyes. Eyes small, not protruding. Ocelli moderately large, their diameter about twice as great as that of facets of eyes; post- erior ones widely separated, contiguous to margins of eyes; anterior ocellus situated on extreme vertex, slightly overhanging, and point- ing directly forward. Antennée slightly more than twice as long as head, inserted beneath vertex; segments 3-5 claviform, elongate, 3 slightly more than four times as long as its greatest sub-apical width; 6-7 oblong, pedicellate; 8 sub-conical; sense cones short, acute. Mouth cone broadly rounded at apex, reaching beyond middle of prosternun.
Prothorax nearly .7 as long as head, and (including coxade) somewhat less than twice as wide as long, surface nearly smooth; anterior angles acute, scarcely prolonged; posterior angles with three sclerites, the posterior two of which are more or less fused with each other and with the notum; usual spines all present, the two pairs at the posterior angles much the longest, about as long as the post- oculars, the others scarcely visible, shorter than those on cheeks; fore coxae armed with a single short spine. Pterothorax slightly wider than prothorax, sides slightly arcuate. Wings long, closely fringed. Legs moderately long, without prominent spines; fore femora about as long as head and twice as long as wide; fore tarsi armed with a long slender tooth about half as long as eyes.
| Abdomen slender, but distinctly wider than prothorax; sides jsub-parallel to sixth segment, thence tapering to base of tube; tube slightly longer than head, expanded in basal sixth, thence tapering very gradually to near apex, which it is rather abruptly narrowed; terminal bristles weak. Abdominal bristles poirited, long and strong, those on segment: 9rnearly as long as tube.
| Measurements:- Length 2.36 mm.; head, length .54 mm., width ‘£2 mm.; prothorax, length .23 mm., width (including coxée) .42 mn.; pterothorax, width .45 mm.; abdomen, width .47 mm.; tube, length .36 Sag pea ~-105 mm., at apex, .048 mm. Antennée: 1, 67+;,
25 12/5 By 1264; 5, 10243 6, 78+; 7, 66; 8, 474; totul .71 mm,, width .036 mm. ee Fe es
Described from one long-winged male, taken in sweepings from grass, in the South Texas Garden, Brownsville, Texas, June 27, 1908, by Mr. Charles A, Hart,
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